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+[["Acetylcarnitine", "CC(=O)OC(CC(=O)[O-])C[N+](C)(C)C", ["O-acetylcarnitine is an O-acylcarnitine having acetyl as the acyl substituent. It has a role as a human metabolite. It is functionally related to an acetic acid. It is a conjugate base of an O-acetylcarnitinium.", "Acetylcarnitine is a natural product found in Pseudo-nitzschia multistriata, Euglena gracilis, and other organisms with data available.", "L-Acetylcarnitine is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.", "An acetic acid ester of CARNITINE that facilitates movement of ACETYL COA into the matrices of mammalian MITOCHONDRIA during the oxidation of FATTY ACIDS."]], ["2-Dehydropantoate", "CC(C)(CO)C(=O)C(=O)O", ["2-dehydropantoic acid is an oxo monocarboxylic acid that is 2-oxobutanoic acid in which both of the hydrogens at position 3 are substituted by methyl groups and one of the hydrogens at position 4 is substituted by a hydroxy group. It is an oxo monocarboxylic acid and a hydroxy monocarboxylic acid. It is functionally related to a pantoic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a 2-dehydropantoate.", "2-Dehydropantoate is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).", "2-Dehydropantoic acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["3-Methyl-2-oxobutanoic acid", "CC(C)C(=O)C(=O)O", ["3-methyl-2-oxobutanoic acid is a 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is the 2-oxo derivative of isovaleric acid. It has a role as a human metabolite and a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite. It is a 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid and a branched-chain keto acid. It is functionally related to a butyric acid. It is a conjugate acid of a 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate. It is a tautomer of a 2-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-butenoic acid.", "alpha-Ketoisovaleric acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).", "a-Ketoisovaleric acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).", "3-Methyl-2-oxobutanoic acid is a natural product found in Aloe africana, Euglena gracilis, and other organisms with data available.", "Alpha-ketoisovaleric acid is a branched chain organic acid which is a precursor to leucine and valine synthesis. It is also a degradation product from valine. The enzyme dihydroxy-acid dehydratase catalyzes the fourth step in the biosynthesis of isoleucine and valine, through the dehydration of 2, 3-dihydroxy-isovaleic acid into alpha-ketoisovaleric acid.", "Alpha-Ketoisovaleric acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["Carnitine", "C[N+](C)(C)CC(CC(=O)O)O", ["Carnitinium is a quaternary ammonium ion that is the the conjugate acid of carnitine. It has a role as a human metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is functionally related to a gamma-amino-beta-hydroxybutyric acid. It is a conjugate acid of a carnitine.", "Carnitine is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).", "Carnitine is an amino acid derivative.  Carnitine facilitates long-chain fatty acid entry into mitochondria, delivering substrate for oxidation and subsequent energy production. Fatty acids are utilized as an energy substrate in all tissues except the brain.", "A constituent of STRIATED MUSCLE and LIVER. It is an amino acid derivative and an essential cofactor for fatty acid metabolism."]], ["Acetoacetic acid", "CC(=O)CC(=O)O", ["Acetoacetic acid is a 3-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is butyric acid bearing a 3-oxo substituent. It has a role as a metabolite. It is a ketone body and a 3-oxo fatty acid. It is functionally related to a butyric acid. It is a conjugate acid of an acetoacetate. It is a tautomer of a 3-hydroxy-3-butenoic acid.", "Acetoacetic acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).", "Acetoacetic acid is a natural product found in Phaseolus vulgaris, Apium graveolens, and other organisms with data available."]], ["3-Phenylpropionic acid", "C1=CC=C(C=C1)CCC(=O)O", ["3-phenylpropionic acid is a monocarboxylic acid that is propionic acid substituted at position 3 by a phenyl group. It has a role as an antifungal agent, a human metabolite and a plant metabolite. It is a monocarboxylic acid and a member of benzenes. It is functionally related to a propionic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a 3-phenylpropionate.", "Hydrocinnamic acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).", "3-Phenylpropionic acid is a natural product found in Aloe africana, Hoya coronaria, and other organisms with data available."]], ["Acetate", "CC(=O)[O-]", ["Acetate is a monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of acetic acid. It has a role as a human metabolite and a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite. It is a conjugate base of an acetic acid.", "Acetate is salt or ester form of acetic acid. Acetate is the most common building block for biosynthesis, such as fatty acids.", "Derivatives of ACETIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain the carboxymethane structure.", "See also: Acetic Acid (conjugate)."]], ["Acetylcholine", "CC(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["Acetylcholine is actylcholine is an ester of acetic acid and choline, which acts as a neurotransmitter. It has a role as a vasodilator agent, a muscarinic agonist, a hormone, a human metabolite, a mouse metabolite and a neurotransmitter. It is an acetate ester and an acylcholine.", "A neurotransmitter. Acetylcholine in vertebrates is the major transmitter at neuromuscular junctions, autonomic ganglia, parasympathetic effector junctions, a subset of sympathetic effector junctions, and at many sites in the central nervous system. It is generally not used as an administered drug because it is broken down very rapidly by cholinesterases, but it is useful in some ophthalmological applications.", "Acetylcholine is a Cholinergic Receptor Agonist. The mechanism of action of acetylcholine is as a Cholinergic Agonist.", "Acetylcholine is a natural product found in Elettaria cardamomum, Piper nigrum, and other organisms with data available.", "A neurotransmitter found at neuromuscular junctions, autonomic ganglia, parasympathetic effector junctions, a subset of sympathetic effector junctions, and at many sites in the central nervous system."]], ["Agmatine", "C(CCN=C(N)N)CN", ["Agmatine is a primary amino compound and a member of guanidines. It has a role as an Escherichia coli metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a conjugate base of an agmatinium(2+).", "Agmantine is a natural metabolite of the amino acid arginine. It is formed when arginine is decarboxylated by the enzyme arginine decarboxylase and is found naturally in ragweed pollen, ergot fungi, octopus muscle, herring sperm, sponges, and the mammalian brain. Agmatine is both an experimental and investigational drug. As an investigational drug, it is being studied in a non-blinded prospective case study in the United States looking at patients who have been diagnosed with small fiber peripheral neuropathy between the ages of 18 to 75 years. Up to now (July 2013), the results of this study have not yet been published. As an experimental drug, agmatine is being studied for several indications such as cardioprotection, diabetes, decreased kidney function, neuroprotection (stroke, severe CNS injuries, epilepsy, glaucoma, and neuropathic pain), and psychiatric conditions (depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, and cognition). The exact mechanism of action is still being investigated for all of the potential indications of agmatine.", "Agmatine is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).", "Agmatine is a natural product found in Hippospongia communis, Anadara broughtonii, and other organisms with data available.", "Decarboxylated arginine, isolated from several plant and animal sources, e.g., pollen, ergot, herring sperm, octopus muscle."]], ["Allantoin", "C1(C(=O)NC(=O)N1)NC(=O)N", ["Allantoin is an imidazolidine-2,4-dione that is 5-aminohydantoin in which a carbamoyl group is attached to the exocyclic nitrogen. It has a role as a vulnerary, a human metabolite, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite and an Escherichia coli metabolite. It is a member of ureas and an imidazolidine-2,4-dione. It is functionally related to a hydantoin. It is a tautomer of a 1-(5-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,3-dihydroimidazol-4-yl)urea.", "Allantoin is a substance that is endogenous to the human body and also found as a normal component of human diets. In healthy human volunteers, the mean plasma concentration of allantoin is about 2-3 mg/l. During exercise, the plasma allantoin concentration rapidly increases about two fold and remains elevated. In human muscle, urate is oxidized to allantoin during such exercise. The concentration of allantoin in muscles increases from a resting value of about 5000 ug/kg to about 16000 ug/kg immediately after short-term exhaustive cycling exercise.   More specifically, allantoin is a diureide of glyoxylic acid that is produced from uric acid. It is a major metabolic intermediate in most organisms. Allantoin is found in OTC cosmetic products and other commercial products such as oral hygiene products, in shampoos, lipsticks, anti-acne products, sun care products, and clarifying lotions. Allantoin has also demonstrated to ameliorate the wound healing process in some studies.", "Allantoin is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).", "Allantoin is a natural product found in Aristolochia gigantea, Rhinacanthus, and other organisms with data available.", "Allantoin is a mineral with formula of C4H6N4O3. The corresponding IMA (International Mineralogical Association) number is IMA2020-004a. The IMA symbol is Aan.", "Allantoin is a diureide of glyoxylic acid with the chemical formula C4H6N4O3. It is also called 5-ureidohydantoin, glyoxyldiureide, and 5-ureidohydantoin. It is a product of oxidation of uric acid. It is a product of purine metabolism in most mammals except higher apes, and it is present in their urine. In humans, uric acid is excreted instead of allantoin. The presence of allantoin in the urine can be an indication of microbial overgrowth or it can be created via non-enzymatic means through high levels of reactive oxygen species. In this regard Allantoin is sometimes used as a marker of oxidative stress. Allantoin can be isolated from cow urine or as a botanical extract of the comfrey plant. It has long been used for its healing, soothing, and anti-irritating properties. Allantoin helps to heal wounds and skin irritations and stimulates the growth of healthy tissue. Allantoin can be found in anti-acne products, sun care products, and clarifying lotions because of its ability to help heal minor wounds and promote healthy skin. Allantoin is frequently present in toothpaste, mouthwash, and other oral hygiene products as well as shampoos, lipsticks, various cosmetic lotions and creams and other cosmetic and pharmaceutical products.", "Allantoin is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.", "A urea hydantoin that is found in URINE and PLANTS and is used in dermatological preparations."]], ["Ammonium", "[NH4+]", ["Ammonium is an onium cation obtained by protonation of ammonia. It has a role as a human metabolite, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite and a cofactor. It is a nitrogen hydride, an onium cation and a monovalent inorganic cation. It is a conjugate acid of an ammonia.", "Ammonium is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).", "Inorganic compounds that include a positively charged tetrahedral nitrogen (ammonium ion) as part of their structure. This class of compounds includes a broad variety of simple ammonium salts and derivatives.", "See also: Ammonia (conjugate)."]], ["Loramine AMB-13", "C[N+](C)(C)CC(=O)O", ["N,N,N-trimethylglycinium is a quaternary ammonium ion in which the substituents on nitrogen are methyl (three) and carboxymethyl. It has a role as a fundamental metabolite. It is a conjugate acid of a glycine betaine.", "A naturally occurring compound that has been of interest for its role in osmoregulation. As a drug, betaine hydrochloride has been used as a source of hydrochloric acid in the treatment of hypochlorhydria. Betaine has also been used in the treatment of liver disorders, for hyperkalemia, for homocystinuria, and for gastrointestinal disturbances. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1341)", "A naturally occurring compound that has been of interest for its role in osmoregulation. As a drug, betaine hydrochloride has been used as a source of hydrochloric acid in the treatment of hypochlorhydria. Betaine has also been used in the treatment of liver disorders, for hyperkalemia, for homocystinuria, and for gastrointestinal disturbances. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1341)"]], ["Calcium ion", "[Ca+2]", ["Calcium(2+) is a calcium cation, a divalent metal cation and a monoatomic dication. It has a role as a human metabolite and a cofactor.", "Calcium ion is a natural product found in Phytelephas aequatorialis, Montanoa frutescens, and other organisms with data available.", "Calcium Cation is the metabolically-active portion of calcium, not bound to proteins, circulating in the blood.", "Calcium is essential for the normal growth and maintenance of bones and teeth, and calcium requirements must be met throughout life. Requirements are greatest during periods of growth, such as childhood, during pregnancy and when breast-feeding. Long-term calcium deficiency can lead to osteoporosis, in which the bone deteriorates and there is an increased risk of fractures. Adults need between 1,000 and 1,300 mg of calcium in their daily diet. Calcium is essential for living organisms, particularly in cell physiology, and is the most common metal in many animals. Physiologically, it exists as an ion in the body. Calcium combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes. Calcium is an important component of a healthy diet. A deficit can affect bone and tooth formation, while overretention can cause kidney stones. Vitamin D is needed to absorb calcium. Dairy products, such as milk and cheese, are a well-known source of calcium. However, some individuals are allergic to dairy products and even more people, particularly those of non-European descent, are lactose-intolerant, leaving them unable to consume dairy products. Fortunately, many other good sources of calcium exist. These include: seaweeds such as kelp, wakame and hijiki; nuts and seeds (like almonds and sesame); beans; amaranth; collard greens; okra; rutabaga; broccoli; kale; and fortified products such as orange juice and soy milk. Calcium has also been found to assist in the production of lymphatic fluids. Getting too much calcium can cause constipation. It might also interfere with the body's ability to absorb iron and zinc. In adults, too much calcium from dietary supplements might increase the risk of kidney stones. Too much calcium from food sources does not increase that risk.", "Calcium(2+) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["DL-Carnitine", "C[N+](C)(C)CC(CC(=O)[O-])O", ["Carnitine is an amino-acid betaine that is butanoate substituted with a hydroxy group at position C-3 and a trimethylammonium group at C-4. It has a role as a human metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is functionally related to a butyrate. It is a conjugate base of a carnitinium.", "Carnitine is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).", "DL-Carnitine is a natural product found in Mus musculus, Vitis vinifera, and other organisms with data available.", "Carnitine is an amino acid derivative.  Carnitine facilitates long-chain fatty acid entry into mitochondria, delivering substrate for oxidation and subsequent energy production. Fatty acids are utilized as an energy substrate in all tissues except the brain.", "A constituent of STRIATED MUSCLE and LIVER. It is an amino acid derivative and an essential cofactor for fatty acid metabolism."]], ["2,2-dichloro-N-[1,3-dihydroxy-1-(4-nitrophenyl)propan-2-yl]acetamide", "C1=CC(=CC=C1C(C(CO)NC(=O)C(Cl)Cl)O)[N+](=O)[O-]", ["2,2-dichloro-N-[1,3-dihydroxy-1-(4-nitrophenyl)propan-2-yl]acetamide is a C-nitro compound.", "2,2-dichloro-N-[1,3-dihydroxy-1-(4-nitrophenyl)propan-2-yl]acetamide is a natural product found in Streptomyces venezuelae with data available.", "An antibiotic first isolated from cultures of <i>Streptomyces venequelae</i> in 1947 but now produced synthetically. It has a relatively simple structure and was the first broad-spectrum antibiotic to be discovered. It acts by interfering with bacterial protein synthesis and is mainly bacteriostatic. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 29th ed, p106)"]], ["Choline", "C[N+](C)(C)CCO", ["Choline is a choline that is the parent compound of the cholines class, consisting of ethanolamine having three methyl substituents attached to the amino function. It has a role as a neurotransmitter, a nutrient, a human metabolite, a plant metabolite, a Daphnia magna metabolite, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite, a mouse metabolite and an allergen.", "A basic constituent of lecithin that is found in many plants and animal organs. It is important as a precursor of acetylcholine, as a methyl donor in various metabolic processes, and in lipid metabolism.", "Choline is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).", "Choline is a natural product found in Eupatorium serotinum, Elettaria cardamomum, and other organisms with data available.", "Choline is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.", "A basic constituent of lecithin that is found in many plants and animal organs. It is important as a precursor of acetylcholine, as a methyl donor in various metabolic processes, and in lipid metabolism."]], ["Aconitic acid", "C(C(=CC(=O)O)C(=O)O)C(=O)O", ["Aconitic acid is a tricarboxylic acid that is prop-1-ene substituted by carboxy groups at positions 1, 2 and 3. It is a conjugate acid of an aconitate(3-).", "Aconitic acid is a natural product found in Aconitum barbatum, Helinus integrifolius, and other organisms with data available.", "A tricarboxylic acid with the formula (COOH)-CH2-C(COOH)=CH-COOH."]], ["Phloroglucinol", "C1=C(C=C(C=C1O)O)O", ["Phloroglucinol is a benzenetriol with hydroxy groups at position 1, 3 and 5. It has a role as an algal metabolite.", "Phloroglucinol has been used in trials studying the diagnostic of Colonoscopy.", "Phloroglucinol is a natural product found in Ecklonia cava, Alpinia blepharocalyx, and other organisms with data available.", "A trinitrobenzene derivative with antispasmodic properties that is used primarily as a laboratory reagent."]], ["Gallic Acid", "C1=C(C=C(C(=C1O)O)O)C(=O)O", ["Gallic acid is an odorless white solid. Sinks in water. (USCG, 1999)", "Gallic acid is a trihydroxybenzoic acid in which the hydroxy groups are at positions 3, 4, and 5. It has a role as an astringent, a cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor, a plant metabolite, an antioxidant, an antineoplastic agent, a human xenobiotic metabolite, an EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor, an apoptosis inducer and a geroprotector. It is a conjugate acid of a gallate.", "Gallic acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).", "Gallic Acid is a natural product found in Visnea mocanera, Ardisia paniculata, and other organisms with data available.", "Gallic acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.", "A colorless or slightly yellow crystalline compound obtained from nutgalls. It is used in photography, pharmaceuticals, and as an analytical reagent."]], ["1-Methyl-5-(3-pyridinyl)-2-pyrrolidinone", "CN1C(CCC1=O)C2=CN=CC=C2", ["1-Methyl-5-(3-pyridinyl)-2-pyrrolidinone is a member of pyrrolidines and a member of pyridines.", "Quantitatively, the most important metabolite of nicotine in most mammalian species is cotinine. In humans, about 70 to 80% of nicotine is converted to cotinine. This transformation involves two steps. The first is mediated by a cytochrome P450 system (mainly CYP2A6 and CYP2B6) to produce nicotine iminium ion. The second step is catalyzed by aldehyde oxidase (AOX). A number of cotinine metabolites have also been structurally characterized. Indeed, it appears that most of the reported urinary metabolites of nicotine are derived from cotinine."]], ["Mevalonate", "CC(CCO)(CC(=O)O)O", ["Mevalonic acid is a dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid comprising valeric acid having two hydroxy groups at the 3- and 5-positions together with a methyl group at the 3-position. It has a role as a metabolite. It is functionally related to a valeric acid. It is a conjugate acid of a mevalonate.", "Mevalonate is a natural product found in Arabidopsis thaliana, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and other organisms with data available.", "A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid and precursor in the biosynthetic pathway known as the mevalonate pathway, which produces terpenes and steroids that are vital for diverse cellular functions."]], ["1-Methylnicotinamide", "C[N+]1=CC=CC(=C1)C(=O)N", ["1-methylnicotinamide is a pyridinium ion comprising nicotinamide having a methyl group at the 1-position. It is a metabolite of nicotinamide which was initially considered to be biologically inactive but has emerged as an anti-thrombotic and anti-inflammatory agent. It has a role as a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, a mouse metabolite, a human urinary metabolite, an algal metabolite, a plant metabolite and an anti-inflammatory agent. It is functionally related to a nicotinamide.", "Trigonellamide is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01930240 (The Safety of a Hypolipidemic Agent in Healthy Normal Volunteers).", "1-Methylnicotinamide is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).", "1-Methylnicotinamide is a natural product found in Drosophila melanogaster and Homo sapiens with data available.", "1-Methylnicotinamide is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["N1-Acetylspermidine", "CC(=O)NCCCNCCCCN", ["N(1)-acetylspermidine is an acetylspermidine having the acetyl group at the N1-position. It has a role as a metabolite and an Escherichia coli metabolite. It is a conjugate base of a N(1)-acetylspermidinium(2+).", "N1-Acetylspermidine is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).", "N1-Acetylspermidine is a natural product found in Euglena gracilis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and other organisms with data available.", "N1-Acetylspermidine is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["4-Guanidinobutyric acid", "C(CC(=O)O)CN=C(N)N", ["4-guanidinobutanoic acid is the 4-guanidino derivative of butanoic acid. It has a role as a fungal metabolite, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is functionally related to a butyric acid. It is a conjugate acid of a 4-guanidinobutanoate. It is a tautomer of a 4-guanidinobutanoic acid zwitterion."]], ["2-Methylcitric acid", "CC(C(=O)O)C(CC(=O)O)(C(=O)O)O", ["2-methylcitric acid is a tricarboxylic acid. It is functionally related to a citric acid. It is a conjugate acid of a 2-methylcitrate(3-).", "Methylcitric acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).", "2-Methylcitric acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).", "2-Methylcitric acid is a natural product found in Ardisia crenata, Psychotria punctata, and other organisms with data available."]], ["3-(Methylthio)propionic acid", "CSCCC(=O)O", ["3-(methylthio)propionic acid is a thia fatty acid acid consisting of propionic acid with a methylthio substituent at the 3-position; an intermediate in mammalian methionine metabolism in vitro. The simplest known phytotoxin, it is a blight-inducing toxin produced by the cassava pathogen Xanthomonas campestris manihotis. It has a role as a phytotoxin. It is functionally related to a propionic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a 3-(methylthio)propionate."]], ["Aminocaproic acid", "C(CCC(=O)O)CCN", ["6-aminohexanoic acid is an epsilon-amino acid comprising hexanoic acid carrying an amino substituent at position C-6. Used to control postoperative bleeding, and to treat overdose effects of the thrombolytic agents streptokinase and tissue plasminogen activator. It has a role as an antifibrinolytic drug, a hematologic agent and a metabolite. It is an epsilon-amino acid and an omega-amino fatty acid. It is functionally related to a hexanoic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a 6-aminohexanoate. It is a tautomer of a 6-aminohexanoic acid zwitterion.", "An antifibrinolytic agent that acts by inhibiting plasminogen activators which have fibrinolytic properties.", "Aminocaproic acid is an Antifibrinolytic Agent. The physiologic effect of aminocaproic acid is by means of Decreased Fibrinolysis.", "Aminocaproic Acid is a synthetic lysine derivative with antifibrinolytic activity. Aminocaproic acid competitively inhibits activation of plasminogen, thereby reducing conversion of plasminogen to plasmin (fibrinolysin), an enzyme that degrades fibrin clots as well as fibrinogen and other plasma proteins including the procoagulant factors V and VIII. Aminocaproic acid competitively reduces the conversion of plasminogen to plasmin by plasminogen activators. It directly inhibits proteolytic activity of plasmin, but higher doses are required than are needed to reduce plasmin formation. Aminocaproic acid is used in the treatment of hemorrhage and prophylactically against hemorrhage, including hyperfibrinolysis-induced hemorrhage and postsurgical hemorrhage.", "An antifibrinolytic agent that acts by inhibiting plasminogen activators which have fibrinolytic properties."]], ["Fosmidomycin", "C(CN(C=O)O)CP(=O)(O)O", ["Fosmidomycin is propylphosphonic acid in which one of the hydrogens at position 3 is substituted by a formyl(hydroxy)amino group. An antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces lavendulae, it specifically inhibits DXP reductoisomerase (EC 1.1.1.267), a key enzyme in the non-mevalonate pathway of isoprenoid biosynthesis. It has a role as an antimicrobial agent, an EC 1.1.1.267 (1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase) inhibitor and a bacterial metabolite. It is a member of phosphonic acids and a hydroxamic acid.", "Fosmidomycin is a natural product found in Streptomyces lavendulae and Arabidopsis thaliana with data available."]], ["creatinine", "CN1CC(=O)N=C1N", ["Creatinine is a lactam obtained by formal cyclocondensation of creatine. It is a metabolite of creatine. It has a role as a diagnostic agent and a human metabolite. It is a lactam and an imidazolidinone. It is functionally related to a creatine.", "Creatinine is the breakdown product of creatine, a constituent of muscle tissue, that is excreted by the kidney and whose serum level is used to evaluate kidney function."]], ["2-Mercaptoethanesulfonic acid", "C(CS(=O)(=O)O)S", ["Coenzyme M is an organosulfonic acid consisting of sulfonic acid having a 2-mercaptoethyl group attached to sulfur. It has a role as a coenzyme. It is an organosulfonic acid and a thiol. It is a conjugate acid of a coenzyme M(1-).", "Coenzyme M (commonly known by its salt form, Mesna) is a synthetic sulfhydryl (thiol) compound and is used for prophylaxis of Ifosfamide and cyclophosphamide induced hemorrhagic cystitis.", "2-mercaptoethanesulfonic acid is a Cytoprotective Agent.", "A sulfhydryl compound used to prevent urothelial toxicity by inactivating metabolites from ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS, such as IFOSFAMIDE or CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE."]], ["Dihydrouracil", "C1CNC(=O)NC1=O", ["5,6-dihydrouracil is a pyrimidine obtained by formal addition of hydrogen across the 5,6-position of uracil. It has a role as a metabolite, a human metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is functionally related to a uracil.", "Dihydrouracil is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).", "Dihydrouracil is a natural product found in Vitis vinifera, Euglena gracilis, and other organisms with data available."]], ["7,8-Diaminononanoic acid", "CC(C(CCCCCC(=O)O)N)N", ["7,8-diaminononanoic acid is an amino fatty acid carrying amino substituents at positions 7 and 8. Some of its isomers are naturally occurring intermediates of biotin synthesis, and targets of antimicrobial and herbicide development. It is an amino monocarboxylic acid and an amino fatty acid. It is functionally related to a nonanoic acid. It is a conjugate base of a 7,8-diaminononanoate cation. It is a conjugate acid of a 7,8-diaminononanoate.", "7,8-Diaminononanoate is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).", "7,8-Diaminononanoic acid is a natural product found in Daphnia pulex with data available.", "7,8-diaminononanoic acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["Dihydroxyacetone phosphate", "C(C(=O)COP(=O)(O)O)O", ["Dihydroxyacetone phosphate is a member of the class of glycerone phosphates that consists of glycerone bearing a single phospho substituent. It has a role as a human metabolite, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a primary alpha-hydroxy ketone and a member of glycerone phosphates. It is functionally related to a dihydroxyacetone. It is a conjugate acid of a glycerone phosphate(2-).", "Dihydroxyacetone phosphate is an important intermediate in lipid biosynthesis and in glycolysis. Dihydroxyacetone phosphate has been investigated for the treatment of Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Diffuse.", "Dihydroxyacetone phosphate is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).", "Dihydroxyacetone phosphate is a natural product found in Vigna radiata, Salmonella enterica, and other organisms with data available.", "Dihydroxyacetone phosphate is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.", "An important intermediate in lipid biosynthesis and in glycolysis."]], ["Dihydroxyacetone", "C(C(=O)CO)O", ["Dihydroxyacetone is a ketotriose consisting of acetone bearing hydroxy substituents at positions 1 and 3. The simplest member of the class of ketoses and the parent of the class of glycerones. It has a role as a metabolite, an antifungal agent, a human metabolite, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a ketotriose and a primary alpha-hydroxy ketone.", "Dihydroxyacetone is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).", "Dihydroxyacetone is a natural product found in Arabidopsis thaliana, Agave americana, and other organisms with data available.", "Dihydroxyacetone is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.", "A ketotriose compound. Its addition to blood preservation solutions results in better maintenance of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate levels during storage. It is readily phosphorylated to dihydroxyacetone phosphate by triokinase in erythrocytes. In combination with naphthoquinones it acts as a sunscreening agent."]], ["Glutaric acid", "C(CC(=O)O)CC(=O)O", ["Glutaric acid appears as colorless crystals or white solid. (NTP, 1992)", "Glutaric acid is an alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is a linear five-carbon dicarboxylic acid. It has a role as a human metabolite and a Daphnia magna metabolite. It is an alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid and a dicarboxylic fatty acid. It is a conjugate acid of a glutarate(1-) and a glutarate.", "Glutaric acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).", "Glutaric acid is a simple five-carbon linear dicarboxylic acid. The accumulation of glutaric acid ranging from slightly or intermittently elevated urinary glutaric acid to gross organic aciduria occurs in Glutaric aciduria. Glutaric aciduria type 1 is an autosomal-recessive disorder resulting from a deficiency of mitochondrial glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.99.7, GCDH) which is involved in the metabolism of lysine, hydroxylysine, and tryptophan. Glutaric aciduria type I lead to nonspecific developmental delay, hypotonia, and macrocephaly with cerebral atrophy of prenatal onset. Treatment is mainly based on restriction of lysine intake, supplementation of carnitine, and an intensification of therapy during intercurrent illnesses. The major principle of dietary treatment is to reduce the production of glutaric acid and 3-hydroxyglutaric acid by restriction of natural protein in general and of lysine in particular.  (A3441, A3442)."]], ["Glycocyamine", "C(C(=O)O)N=C(N)N", ["Guanidinoacetic acid is the N-amidino derivative of glycine. It has a role as a human metabolite, a mouse metabolite, a nutraceutical, a rat metabolite and a bacterial metabolite. It is a conjugate acid of a guanidinoacetate. It is a tautomer of a guanidinoacetic acid zwitterion.", "Guanidinoacetic acid is a uremic toxin.  Uremic toxins can be subdivided into three major groups based upon their chemical and physical characteristics: 1) small, water-soluble, non-protein-bound compounds, such as urea; 2) small, lipid-soluble and/or protein-bound compounds, such as the phenols and 3) larger so-called middle-molecules, such as beta2-microglobulin. Chronic exposure of uremic toxins can lead to a number of conditions including renal damage, chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular disease. \nGuanidoacetic acid is a metabolite in the Urea cycle and metabolism of amino groups, and in the metabolic pathways of several amino acids. This includes glycine, serine, threonine, arginine and proline metabolism. Guanidinoacetic acid is also a precursor of creatine, an essential substrate for muscle energy metabolism."]], ["Carbonic Acid", "C(=O)(O)O", ["Carbonic acid is a carbon oxoacid and a chalcocarbonic acid. It has a role as a mouse metabolite. It is a conjugate acid of a hydrogencarbonate.", "Carbonic acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).", "Carbonic acid (H2C03). The hypothetical acid of carbon dioxide and water. It exists only in the form of its salts (carbonates), acid salts (hydrogen carbonates), amines (carbamic acid), and acid chlorides (carbonyl chloride). (From Grant and Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)", "See also: Carbon Dioxide (related)."]], ["Bicarbonate", "C(=O)(O)[O-]", ["Hydrogencarbonate is the carbon oxoanion resulting from the removal of a proton from carbonic acid. It has a role as a human metabolite, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite, a mouse metabolite and a cofactor. It is a conjugate base of a carbonic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a carbonate.", "Hydrogen carbonate is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).", "The mechanism of action of bicarbonate ion is as an Alkalinizing Activity.", "Bicarbonate Ion is a polyatomic ion whose formula is HCO3-.", "Inorganic salts that contain the -HCO3 radical. They are an important factor in determining the pH of the blood and the concentration of bicarbonate ions is regulated by the kidney. Levels in the blood are an index of the alkali reserve or buffering capacity."]], ["Histamine", "C1=C(NC=N1)CCN", ["Histamine is a member of the class of imidazoles that is 1H-imidazole substituted at position C-4 by a 2-aminoethyl group. It has a role as a human metabolite, a mouse metabolite and a neurotransmitter. It is an aralkylamino compound and a member of imidazoles. It is a conjugate base of a histaminium.", "A depressor amine derived by enzymatic decarboxylation of histidine. It is a powerful stimulant of gastric secretion, a constrictor of bronchial smooth muscle, a vasodilator, and also a centrally acting neurotransmitter.", "Histamine is a natural product found in Hippospongia communis, Ramalina fraxinea, and other organisms with data available.", "Histamine is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.", "An amine derived by enzymatic decarboxylation of HISTIDINE. It is a powerful stimulant of gastric secretion, a constrictor of bronchial smooth muscle, a vasodilator, and also a centrally acting neurotransmitter."]], ["Indole-3-acetic acid", "C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C(=CN2)CC(=O)O", ["Indole-3-acetic acid is a monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a 1H-indol-3-yl group. It has a role as a plant hormone, a human metabolite, a plant metabolite, a mouse metabolite and an auxin. It is a monocarboxylic acid and a member of indole-3-acetic acids. It is a conjugate acid of an indole-3-acetate.", "Indoleacetic acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).", "Indole-3-acetic acid is a natural product found in Salix atrocinerea, Mus musculus, and other organisms with data available.", "Indoleacetic acid is a uremic toxin.  Uremic toxins can be subdivided into three major groups based upon their chemical and physical characteristics: 1) small, water-soluble, non-protein-bound compounds, such as urea; 2) small, lipid-soluble and/or protein-bound compounds, such as the phenols and 3) larger so-called middle-molecules, such as beta2-microglobulin. Chronic exposure of uremic toxins can lead to a number of conditions including renal damage, chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular disease.\n\nIndoleacetic acid (IAA) is a breakdown product of tryptophan metabolism and is often produced by the action of bacteria in the mammalian gut. Some endogenous production of IAA in mammalian tissues also occurs. It may be produced by the decarboxylation of tryptamine or the oxidative deamination of tryptophan. IAA frequently occurs at low levels in urine and has been found in elevated levels in the urine of patients with phenylketonuria ( Using material extracted from human urine, it was discovered by Kogl in 1933 that Indoleacetic acid is also an important plant hormone Specifically IAA is a member of the group of phytohormones called auxins. IAA is generally considered to be the most important native auxin. Plant cells synthesize IAA from tryptophan. IAA and some derivatives can be oxidised by horseradish peroxidase (HRP) to cytotoxic species. IAA is only toxic after oxidative decarboxylation; the effect of IAA/HRP is thought to be due in part to the formation of methylene-oxindole, which may conjugate with DNA bases and protein thiols. IAA/HRP could be used as the basis for targeted cancer therapy involving antibody-, polymer-, or gene-directed approaches, a potential new role for plant auxins in cancer therapy. (A3268, A3269).", "indole-3-acetate is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["Potassium ion", "[K+]", ["Potassium(1+) is a monoatomic monocation obtained from potassium. It has a role as a human metabolite and a cofactor. It is an alkali metal cation, an elemental potassium, a monovalent inorganic cation and a monoatomic monocation.", "Potassium is the major cation (positive ion) inside animal cells, while sodium is the major cation outside animal cells. The concentration differences of these charged particles causes a difference in electric potential between the inside and outside of cells, known as the membrane potential. The balance between potassium and sodium is maintained by ion pumps in the cell membrane. The cell membrane potential created by potassium and sodium ions allows the cell generate an action potential\u2014a \"spike\" of electrical discharge. The ability of cells to produce electrical discharge is critical for body functions such as neurotransmission, muscle contraction, and heart function. Potassium is also an essential mineral needed to regulate water balance, blood pressure and levels of acidity.", "Potassium cation is a Potassium Salt and Osmotic Laxative. The mechanism of action of potassium cation is as an Osmotic Activity. The physiologic effect of potassium cation is by means of Increased Large Intestinal Motility and Inhibition Large Intestine Fluid/Electrolyte Absorption.", "Potassium ion is a natural product found in Phytelephas aequatorialis, Apocynum cannabinum, and other organisms with data available.", "Potassium is an essential electrolyte. Potassium balance is crucial for regulating the excitability of nerves and muscles and so critical for regulating contractility of cardiac muscle. Although the most important changes seen in the presence of deranged potassium are cardiac, smooth muscle is also affected with increasing muscle weakness, a feature of both hyperkalaemia and hypokalaemia. Physiologically, it exists as an ion in the body. Potassium (K+) is a positively charged electrolyte, cation, which is present throughout the body in both intracellular and extracellular fluids. The majority of body potassium, >90%, are intracellular. It moves freely from intracellular fluid (ICF) to extracellular fluid (ECF) and vice versa when adenosine triphosphate increases the permeability of the cell membrane. It is mainly replaced inside or outside the cells by another cation, sodium (Na+). The movement of potassium into or out of the cells is linked to certain body hormones and also to certain physiological states. Standard laboratory tests measure ECF potassium. Potassium enters the body rapidly during food ingestion. Insulin is produced when a meal is eaten; this causes the temporary movement of potassium from ECF to ICF. Over the ensuing hours, the kidneys excrete the ingested potassium and homeostasis is returned. In the critically ill patient, suffering from hyperkalaemia, this mechanism can be manipulated beneficially by administering high concentration (50%) intravenous glucose. Insulin can be added to the glucose, but glucose alone will stimulate insulin production and cause movement of potassium from ECF to ICF. The stimulation of alpha receptors causes increased movement of potassium from ICF to ECF. A noradrenaline infusion can elevate serum potassium levels. An adrenaline infusion, or elevated adrenaline levels, can lower serum potassium levels. Metabolic acidosis causes a rise in extracellular potassium levels. In this situation, excess of hydrogen ions (H+) are exchanged for intracellular potassium ions, probably as a result of the cellular response to a falling blood pH. Metabolic alkalosis causes the opposite effect, with potassium moving into the cells.  (A3431)."]], ["Rathyronine", "C1=CC(=C(C=C1OC2=C(C=C(C=C2I)CC(C(=O)O)N)I)I)O", ["2-amino-3-[4-(4-hydroxy-3-iodophenoxy)-3,5-diiodophenyl]propanoic acid is a phenylalanine derivative.", "Rathyronine is a racemic mixture of liothyronine, a synthetic version of triiodothyronine (T3), the primary active thyroid hormone. Like endogenous T3, DL-liothyronine exerts its many metabolic effects through control of gene expression, thereby resulting in the production of proteins that are involved in normal metabolism, growth, and development. Other physiologic effects of liothyronine include promoting gluconeogenesis, increasing utilization and mobilization of glycogen stores, and elevating basal metabolic rate."]], ["2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic acid", "C(C(C(=O)O)O)(C(=O)O)O", ["2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is a tetraric acid that is butanedioic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 3. It has a role as a human xenobiotic metabolite and a plant metabolite. It is a conjugate acid of a 3-carboxy-2,3-dihydroxypropanoate.", "Tartaric acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).", "Tartaric Acid is a white crystalline dicarboxylic acid found in many plants, particularly tamarinds and grapes. Tartaric acid is used to generate carbon dioxide through interaction with sodium bicarbonate following oral administration. Carbon dioxide extends the stomach and provides a negative contrast medium during double contrast radiography. In high doses, this agent acts as a muscle toxin by inhibiting the production of malic acid, which could cause paralysis and maybe death."]], ["Methylglyoxal", "CC(=O)C=O", ["Methylglyoxal is a clear yellow slightly viscous liquid with a pungent odor. Yellowish-green vapors. Faintly acidic to litmus. (NTP, 1992)", "Methylglyoxal is a 2-oxo aldehyde derived from propanal. It has a role as a human metabolite, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a 2-oxo aldehyde and a member of propanals.", "Pyruvaldehyde is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).", "Methylglyoxal is a natural product found in Arabidopsis thaliana, Sesamum indicum, and other organisms with data available.", "Pyruvaldehyde is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.", "An organic compound used often as a reagent in organic synthesis, as a flavoring agent, and in tanning. It has been demonstrated as an intermediate in the metabolism of acetone and its derivatives in isolated cell preparations, in various culture media, and in vivo in certain animals."]], ["Magnesium ion", "[Mg+2]", ["Magnesium(2+) is a magnesium cation, a divalent metal cation and a monoatomic dication. It has a role as a cofactor and a geroprotector.", "Magnesium hydroxide is used primarily in \"Milk of Magnesia\", a white aqueous, mildly alkaline suspension of magnesium hydroxide formulated at about 8%w/v. Milk of magnesia is primarily used to alleviate constipation, but can also be used to relieve indigestion and heartburn. When taken internally by mouth as a laxative, the osmotic force of the magnesia suspension acts to draw fluids from the body and to retain those already within the lumen of the intestine, serving to distend the bowel, thus stimulating nerves within the colon wall, inducing peristalsis and resulting in evacuation of colonic contents.", "Magnesium cation is a Calculi Dissolution Agent and Osmotic Laxative. The mechanism of action of magnesium cation is as a Magnesium Ion Exchange Activity and Osmotic Activity. The physiologic effect of magnesium cation is by means of Inhibition Small Intestine Fluid/Electrolyte Absorption and Increased Large Intestinal Motility and Stimulation Large Intestine Fluid/Electrolyte Secretion and Inhibition Large Intestine Fluid/Electrolyte Absorption.", "Magnesium ion is a natural product found in Phytelephas aequatorialis, Montanoa frutescens, and other organisms with data available.", "Magnesium is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["N1-acetylspermine", "CC(=O)NCCCNCCCCNCCCN", ["N(1)-acetylspermine is an acetylspermine carrying an acetyl group at position N(1). It has a role as a human metabolite. It is a member of acetamides and an acetylspermine. It is a conjugate base of a N(1)-acetylsperminium(3+).", "N1-acetylspermine is a natural product found in Homo sapiens and Bos taurus with data available.", "N1-Acetylspermine is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["Sodium ion", "[Na+]", ["Sodium(1+) is a monoatomic monocation obtained from sodium. It has a role as a human metabolite and a cofactor. It is an alkali metal cation, an elemental sodium, a monovalent inorganic cation and a monoatomic monocation.", "Sodium cation is an Osmotic Laxative. The mechanism of action of sodium cation is as an Osmotic Activity. The physiologic effect of sodium cation is by means of Increased Large Intestinal Motility, and Inhibition Large Intestine Fluid/Electrolyte Absorption.", "Sodium ion is a natural product found in Phytelephas aequatorialis, Montanoa frutescens, and other organisms with data available.", "Sodium is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["Nicotinate", "C1=CC(=CN=C1)C(=O)[O-]", ["Nicotinate is a pyridinemonocarboxylate that is the conjugate base of nicotinic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3. It has a role as a metabolite and a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite. It is a pyridinemonocarboxylate and a vitamin B3. It is a conjugate base of a nicotinic acid.", "A water-soluble vitamin of the B complex occurring in various animal and plant tissues. It is required by the body for the formation of coenzymes NAD and NADP. It has PELLAGRA-curative, vasodilating, and antilipemic properties."]], ["Nitrate", "[N+](=O)([O-])[O-]", ["Nitrate is a nitrogen oxoanion formed by loss of a proton from nitric acid. Principal species present at pH 7.3. It is a nitrogen oxoanion, a member of reactive nitrogen species and a monovalent inorganic anion. It is a conjugate base of a nitric acid.", "Nitrate is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).", "Nitrate is a class of ester compounds of nitric acid (HNO3) and alcohols.", "In inorganic chemistry, a nitrate is a salt of nitric acid. In organic chemistry the esters of nitric acid and various alcohols are called nitrates. The nitrate ion is a polyatomic anion with the empirical formula NO3- and a molecular mass of 62.01 daltons; it consists of one central nitrogen atom surrounded by three identical oxygen atoms in a trigonal planar arrangement. The nitrate ion carries a negative one formal charge. Nitrates should not be confused with nitrites, the salts of nitrous acid. Organic compounds containing the nitro functional group (which has the same formula and structure as the nitrate ion save that one of the O2 atoms is replaced by the R group) are known as nitro compounds. Nitrate ions can be toxic. In particular, nitrate toxicosis in humans occurs through enterohepatic metabolism of nitrates to ammonia, with nitrite being an intermediate. Nitrites oxidize the iron atoms in hemoglobin from Ferrous Iron (2+) to Ferric Iron (3+), rendering it unable to carry oxygen. This condition is called methemoglobinemia and can lead to a lack of oxygen in tissues. Methemoglobinemia can be treated with methylene blue. -- Wikipedia.", "Nitrate is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.", "Inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid. These compounds contain the NO3- radical.", "See also: Glyceryl 1,2-Dinitrate (related)."]], ["Nitroxyl", "N=O", ["Nitroxyl is a nitrogen oxoacid consisting of an oxygen atom nouble-bonded to an NH group."]], ["Nitrite", "N(=O)[O-]", ["Nitrites, inorganic, n.o.s. appears as colorless solutions or crystalline solids. Denser than water. Contact may cause irritation to skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. May be toxic by ingestion. Used to make other chemicals.", "Nitrite is the nitrogen oxoanion formed by loss of a proton from nitrous acid. It has a role as a human metabolite. It is a nitrogen oxoanion, a member of reactive nitrogen species and a monovalent inorganic anion. It is a conjugate base of a nitrous acid.", "Nitrite is under investigation for the treatment of Heart Failure.", "Nitrite is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).", "Nitrite is a nitrogen oxoanion that is formed when nitrous acid is deprotonated. As nitrite is a metabolic end product for nitric oxide (NO), which is increased during inflammation; nitrite levels can be used to assess NO production and thus inflammation.", "Nitrite is a nitrite compound is either a salt or an ester of nitrous acid. Sodium nitrite is used for the curing of meat because it prevents bacterial growth and, in a reaction with the meat's myoglobin, gives the product a desirable dark red color. Nitrite can be reduced to nitric oxide or ammonia by many species of bacteria. Under hypoxic conditions, nitrite may release nitric oxide, which causes potent vasodilation. Several mechanisms for nitrite conversion to NO have been described including enzymatic reduction by xanthine oxidoreductase, the mitochondria, and NO synthase (NOS), as well as nonenzymatic acidic disproportionation. -- Wikipedia.", "Nitrite is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.", "Salts of nitrous acid or compounds containing the group NO2-. The inorganic nitrites of the type MNO2 (where M=metal) are all insoluble, except the alkali nitrites. The organic nitrites may be isomeric, but not identical with the corresponding nitro compounds. (Grant and Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)"]], ["Hydroxide", "[OH-]", ["Hydroxide is an oxygen hydride. It has a role as a mouse metabolite. It is a conjugate base of a water.", "Hydroxide is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.", "See also: Water (conjugate)."]], ["Phosphoenolpyruvate", "C=C(C(=O)O)OP(=O)(O)O", ["Phosphoenolpyruvic acid is a monocarboxylic acid that is acrylic acid substituted by a phosphonooxy group at position 2. It is a metabolic intermediate in pathways like glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. It has a role as a fundamental metabolite. It is a monocarboxylic acid and a carboxyalkyl phosphate. It is functionally related to an acrylic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a phosphonatoenolpyruvate and a phosphoenolpyruvate.", "Phosphoenolpyruvic acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).", "A monocarboxylic acid anion derived from selective deprotonation of the carboxy group of phosphoenolpyruvic acid. It is a metabolic intermediate in GLYCOLYSIS; GLUCONEOGENESIS; and other pathways."]], ["Phosphocholine", "C[N+](C)(C)CCOP(=O)(O)O", ["Phosphocholine is the phosphate of choline; and the parent compound of the phosphocholine family. It has a role as an epitope, a hapten, a human metabolite, a mouse metabolite and an allergen. It is a conjugate acid of a choline phosphate(1-).", "Calcium and magnesium salts used therapeutically in hepatobiliary dysfunction.", "Phosphocholine is a natural product found in Vitis vinifera, Arabidopsis thaliana, and other organisms with data available.", "Phosphorylcholine is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.", "Calcium and magnesium salts used therapeutically in hepatobiliary dysfunction."]], ["Picolinic acid", "C1=CC=NC(=C1)C(=O)O", ["Picolinic acid is a pyridinemonocarboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is located at position 2. It is an intermediate in the metabolism of tryptophan. It has a role as a MALDI matrix material and a human metabolite. It is a conjugate acid of a picolinate.", "PCL-016  or Picolinic acid drug substance is a pyridine carboxylate metabolite of tryptophan. It acts as an anti-infective and immunomodulator and is produced in approximately 25-50 mg quantities by the body on a daily basis through the breakdown of tryptophan. PCL-016 plays a key role in zinc transport. As a therapeutic agent, the molecule works by binding to zinc finger proteins (ZFPs) in a way that changes their structures and disrupts zinc binding, inhibiting function. ZFPs are involved in viral replication and packaging as well as normal cell homeostatic functions. Picolinic acid has been shown to be an anti-viral in vitro and in vivo, and sometimes works in conjunction with other cytokines such as interferon gamma to affect immune responses. Acne vulgaris, herpes and other viral infections therefore pose potential therapeutic targets of PCL-016.", "Picolinic acid is a natural product found in Aloe africana, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and other organisms with data available."]], ["Prephenic acid", "C1=CC(C=CC1O)(CC(=O)C(=O)O)C(=O)O", ["Prephenic acid is an oxo dicarboxylic acid that consists of 4-hydroxycyclohexa-2,5-diene-1-carboxylic acid substituted by a 2-carboxy-2-oxoethyl group at position 1. It has a role as a plant metabolite and an Escherichia coli metabolite. It is a conjugate acid of a prephenate(2-) and a (1s,4s)-prephenate(2-).", "Prephenate is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).", "Prephenic acid is a natural product found in Neurospora crassa with data available.", "Prephenate is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["Purine", "C1=C2C(=NC=N1)N=CN2", ["7H-purine is the 7H-tautomer of purine. It is a tautomer of a 1H-purine, a 3H-purine and a 9H-purine.", "Purine is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).", "Purine is a natural product found in Panax ginseng, Homo sapiens, and Bos taurus with data available.", "Purine is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["1,4-Diaminobutane", "C(CCN)CN", ["Putrescine is a four-carbon alkane-alpha,omega-diamine. It is obtained by the breakdown of amino acids and is responsible for the foul odour of putrefying flesh. It has a role as a fundamental metabolite and an antioxidant. It is a conjugate base of a 1,4-butanediammonium.", "Putrescine is a toxic diamine formed by putrefaction from the decarboxylation of arginine and ornithine. Putrescine is a solid. This compound belongs to the polyamines. These are compounds containing more than one amine group. Known drug targets of putrescine include putrescine-binding periplasmic protein, ornithine decarboxylase, and S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase proenzyme.", "Putrescine is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).", "1,4-Diaminobutane is a natural product found in Eupatorium cannabinum, Populus tremula, and other organisms with data available.", "Putrescine is a four carbon diamine produced during tissue decomposition by the decarboxylation of amino acids. Polyamines, including putrescine, may act as growth factors that promote cell division; however, putrescine is toxic at high doses.", "Putrescine is a uremic toxin.  Uremic toxins can be subdivided into three major groups based upon their chemical and physical characteristics: 1) small, water-soluble, non-protein-bound compounds, such as urea; 2) small, lipid-soluble and/or protein-bound compounds, such as the phenols and 3) larger so-called middle-molecules, such as beta2-microglobulin. Chronic exposure of uremic toxins can lead to a number of conditions including renal damage, chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular disease.\nPutrescine is a polyamine. Putrescine is related to cadaverine (another polyamine). Both are produced by the breakdown of amino acids in living and dead organisms and both are toxic in large doses. Putrescine and cadaverine are largely responsible for the foul odor of putrefying flesh, but also contribute to the odor of such processes as bad breath and bacterial vaginosis. Putrescine is also found in semen. Putrescine attacks s-adenosyl methionine and converts it to spermidine. Spermidine in turn attacks another s-adenosyl methionine and converts it to spermine. Putrescine is synthesized in small quantities by healthy living cells by the action of ornithine decarboxylase. The polyamines, of which putrescine is one of the simplest, appear to be growth factors necessary for cell division. Putrescine apparently has specific role in skin physiology and neuroprotection. Pharmacological interventions have demonstrated convincingly that a steady supply of polyamines is a prerequisite for cell proliferation to occur. Genetic engineering of polyamine metabolism in transgenic rodents has shown that polyamines play a role in spermatogenesis, skin physiology, promotion of tumorigenesis and organ hypertrophy as well as neuronal protection. Transgenic activation of polyamine catabolism not only profoundly disturbs polyamine homeostasis in most tissues, but also creates a complex phenotype affecting skin, female fertility, fat depots, pancreatic integrity and regenerative growth. Transgenic expression of ornithine decarboxylase antizyme has suggested that this unique protein may act as a general tumor suppressor. Homozygous deficiency of the key biosynthetic enzymes of the polyamines, ornithine and S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase is not compatible with murine embryogenesis. (A3286, A3287).", "Putrescine is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.", "A toxic diamine formed by putrefaction from the decarboxylation of arginine and ornithine."]], ["Pyrazinamide", "C1=CN=C(C=N1)C(=O)N", ["Pyrazinamide is a white powder. Sublimes from 318 \u00b0F. (NTP, 1992)", "Pyrazinecarboxamide is a monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of pyrazinoic acid (pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid) with ammonia. A prodrug for pyrazinoic acid, pyrazinecarboxamide is used as part of multidrug regimens for the treatment of tuberculosis. It has a role as an antitubercular agent and a prodrug. It is a member of pyrazines, a N-acylammonia and a monocarboxylic acid amide.", "Pyrazinamide is an antibacterial prescription medicine approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of active tuberculosis (TB). (Active TB is also called TB disease.)", "A pyrazine that is used therapeutically as an antitubercular agent.", "Pyrazinamide is an Antimycobacterial.", "Pyrazinamide is a first line antituberculosis medication, but is used only in combination with other antituberculosis medications such as isoniazid or rifampin. Pyrazinamide is associated with transient and asymptomatic elevations in serum aminotransferase levels and is a well known cause of clinically apparent, acute liver injury that can be severe and even fatal.", "Pyrazinamide is a synthetic pyrazinoic acid amide derivative with bactericidal property. Pyrazinamide is particularly active against slowly multiplying intracellular bacilli (unaffected by other drugs) by an unknown mechanism of action. Its bactericidal action is dependent upon the presence of bacterial pyrazinamidase, which removes the amide group to produce active pyrazinoic acid. Pyrazinamide is an important component of multidrug therapy for tuberculosis. (NCI04)", "Pyrazinecarboxamide is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.", "A pyrazine that is used therapeutically as an antitubercular agent."]], ["Pyridoxal", "CC1=NC=C(C(=C1O)C=O)CO", ["Pyridoxal is a pyridinecarbaldehyde that is pyridine-4-carbaldehyde bearing methyl, hydroxy and hydroxymethyl substituents at positions 2, 3 and 5 respectively. The 4-carboxyaldehyde form of vitamin B6, it is converted into pyridoxal phosphate, a coenzyme for the synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters, sphingolipids and aminolevulinic acid. It has a role as a cofactor, a human metabolite, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a vitamin B6, a pyridinecarbaldehyde, a member of methylpyridines, a monohydroxypyridine and a hydroxymethylpyridine. It is a conjugate base of a pyridoxal(1+).", "Pyridoxal is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).", "Pyridoxal is a natural product found in Vitis vinifera, Euglena gracilis, and other organisms with data available.", "Pyridoxal is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.", "The 4-carboxyaldehyde form of VITAMIN B 6 which is converted to PYRIDOXAL PHOSPHATE which is a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, aminolevulinic acid."]], ["Pyridoxal phosphate", "CC1=NC=C(C(=C1O)C=O)COP(=O)(O)O", ["Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate is the monophosphate ester obtained by condensation of phosphoric acid with the primary hydroxy group of pyridoxal. It has a role as a coenzyme, a human metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, a mouse metabolite, an EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor and a cofactor. It is a vitamin B6 phosphate, a member of methylpyridines, a monohydroxypyridine and a pyridinecarbaldehyde. It is functionally related to a pyridoxal. It is a conjugate acid of a pyridoxal 5'-phosphate(2-).", "This is the active form of vitamin B6 serving as a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, aminolevulinic acid. During transamination of amino acids, pyridoxal phosphate is transiently converted into pyridoxamine phosphate (pyridoxamine).", "Medicure's MC-1 drug is a cardio-protectant, designed to reduce the damage to the heart when arteries are blocked and when they are subsequently reopened after bypass surgery.", "Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).", "Pyridoxal phosphate is a natural product found in Euglena gracilis, Ginkgo biloba, and other organisms with data available.", "Pyridoxal Phosphate is the active form of vitamin B6 and a coenzyme for many pyridoxal phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzymes. PLP is involved in numerous enzymatic transamination, decarboxylation and deamination reactions; it is necessary for the synthesis of amino acids and amino acid metabolites, and for the synthesis and/or catabolism of certain neurotransmitters, including the conversion of glutamate into gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and levodopa into dopamine. PLP can be used as a dietary supplement in cases of vitamin B6 deficiency. Reduced levels of PLP in the brain can cause neurological dysfunction.", "Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.", "This is the active form of VITAMIN B 6 serving as a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, aminolevulinic acid. During transamination of amino acids, pyridoxal phosphate is transiently converted into pyridoxamine phosphate (PYRIDOXAMINE)."]], ["Pyridoxamine", "CC1=NC=C(C(=C1O)CN)CO", ["Pyridoxamine is a monohydroxypyridine that is pyridine substituted by a hydroxy group at position 3, an aminomethyl group at position 4, a hydroxymethyl group at position 5 and a methyl group at position 2. The 4-aminomethyl form of vitamin B6, it is used (in the form of the hydrochloride salt) for treatment of diabetic nephropathy. It has a role as a human metabolite, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite, a plant metabolite, a mouse metabolite, an iron chelator and a nephroprotective agent. It is a hydroxymethylpyridine, a monohydroxypyridine, an aminoalkylpyridine and a vitamin B6. It is a conjugate base of a pyridoxaminium(1+).", "Pyridoxamine has been used in trials studying the treatment of Kidney Stones.", "Pyridoxamine is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).", "The 4-aminomethyl form of VITAMIN B 6. During transamination of amino acids, PYRIDOXAL PHOSPHATE is transiently converted into pyridoxamine phosphate."]], ["Pyridoxine", "CC1=NC=C(C(=C1O)CO)CO", ["Pyridoxine is a hydroxymethylpyridine with hydroxymethyl groups at positions 4 and 5, a hydroxy group at position 3 and a methyl group at position 2. The 4-methanol form of vitamin B6, it is converted intoto pyridoxal phosphate which is a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters, sphingolipids and aminolevulinic acid. It has a role as a cofactor, a human metabolite, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a monohydroxypyridine, a vitamin B6, a member of methylpyridines and a hydroxymethylpyridine.", "Pyridoxine is the 4-methanol form of vitamin B6, an important water-soluble vitamin that is naturally present in many foods. As its classification as a vitamin implies, Vitamin B6 (and pyridoxine) are essential nutrients required for normal functioning of many biological systems within the body. While many plants and microorganisms are able to synthesize pyridoxine through endogenous biological processes, animals must obtain it through their diet.   More specifically, pyridoxine is converted to pyridoxal 5-phosphate in the body, which is an important coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, and aminolevulinic acid. It's important to note that Vitamin B6 is the collective term for a group of three related compounds, pyridoxine, pyridoxal, and pyridoxamine, and their phosphorylated derivatives, pyridoxine 5'-phosphate, pyridoxal 5'-phosphate and pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate. Although all six of these compounds should technically be referred to as vitamin B6, the term vitamin B6 is commonly used interchangeably with just one of them, pyridoxine.   Vitamin B6, principally in its biologically active coenzyme form pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, is involved in a wide range of biochemical reactions, including the metabolism of amino acids and glycogen, the synthesis of nucleic acids, hemogloblin, sphingomyelin and other sphingolipids, and the synthesis of the neurotransmitters serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA).   Pyridoxine is used medically for the treatment of vitamin B6 deficiency and for the prophylaxis of isoniazid-induced peripheral neuropathy (due to [DB00951]'s mechanism of action which competitively inhibits the action of pyridoxine in the above-mentioned metabolic functions). It is also used in combination with [DB00366] (as the commercially available product Diclectin) for the treatment of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy.", "Pyridoxine is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).", "Pyridoxine is a Vitamin B6 Analog. The chemical classification of pyridoxine is Vitamin B 6, and Analogs/Derivatives.", "Pyridoxine is a natural product found in Euglena gracilis, Chlorella vulgaris, and other organisms with data available.", "Pyridoxine is the 4-methanol form of vitamin B6 and is converted to pyridoxal 5-phosphate in the body. Pyridoxal 5-phosphate is a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, aminolevulinic acid.  Although pyridoxine and vitamin B6 are still frequently used as synonyms, especially by medical researchers, this practice is erroneous and sometimes misleading. Pyridoxine is one of the compounds that can be called vitamin B6. Pyridoxine assists in the balancing of sodium and potassium as well as promoting red blood cell production. It is linked to cancer immunity and helps fight the formation of homocysteine. It has been suggested that Pyridoxine might help children with learning difficulties, and may also prevent dandruff, eczema, and psoriasis. In addition, pyridoxine can help balance hormonal changes in women and aid in immune system. Lack of pyridoxine may cause anemia, nerve damage, seizures, skin problems, and sores in the mouth. Deficiency, though rare because of widespread distribution in foods, leads to the development of peripheral neuritis in adults and affects the central nervous system in children.", "Pyridoxine is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.", "The 4-methanol form of VITAMIN B 6 which is converted to PYRIDOXAL PHOSPHATE which is a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, aminolevulinic acid. Although pyridoxine and Vitamin B 6 are still frequently used as synonyms, especially by medical researchers, this practice is erroneous and sometimes misleading (EE Snell; Ann NY Acad Sci, vol 585 pg 1, 1990)."]], ["Pyruvic Acid", "CC(=O)C(=O)O", ["Pyruvic acid is a 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is the 2-keto derivative of propionic acid. It is a metabolite obtained during glycolysis. It has a role as a fundamental metabolite and a cofactor. It is functionally related to a propionic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a pyruvate.", "An intermediate compound in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. In thiamine deficiency, its oxidation is retarded and it accumulates in the tissues, especially in nervous structures. (From Stedman, 26th ed)", "Pyruvic acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).", "Pyruvic acid is a natural product found in Populus tremula, Macrobrachium nipponense, and other organisms with data available.", "Pyruvic acid is an intermediate compound in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. In thiamine deficiency, its oxidation is retarded and it accumulates in the tissues, especially in nervous structures. (From Stedman, 26th ed.) Biological Source: Intermediate in primary metabolism including fermentation processes. Present in muscle in redox equilibrium with Lactic acid. A common constituent, as a chiral cyclic acetal linked to saccharide residues, of bacterial polysaccharides. Isolated from cane sugar fermentation broth and peppermint. Constituent of Bauhinia purpurea, Cicer arietinum (chickpea), Delonix regia, Pisum sativum (pea) and Trigonella caerulea (sweet trefoil) Use/Importance: Reagent for regeneration of carbonyl compdounds from semicarbazones, phenylhydrazones and oximes.", "Pyruvic acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.", "An intermediate compound in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. In thiamine deficiency, its oxidation is retarded and it accumulates in the tissues, especially in nervous structures. (From Stedman, 26th ed)"]], ["Phosphate ion", "[O-]P(=O)([O-])[O-]", ["Phosphate(3-) is a phosphate ion that is the conjugate base of hydrogenphosphate. It is a phosphate ion and a trivalent inorganic anion. It is a conjugate base of a hydrogenphosphate.", "Phosphate is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).", "phosphate is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.", "Inorganic salts of phosphoric acid.", "See also: Phosphoric Acid (conjugate)."]], ["Selenite", "[O-][Se](=O)[O-]", ["Selenite(2-) is a selenium oxoanion. It is a conjugate base of a hydrogenselenite.", "Selenite is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).", "A selenium compound with the molecular formula H2SO3. It used as a source of SELENIUM, especially for patients that develop selenium deficiency following prolonged PARENTERAL NUTRITION."]], ["Spermidine", "C(CCNCCCN)CN", ["Spermidine is a triamine that is the 1,5,10-triaza derivative of decane. It has a role as a fundamental metabolite, a geroprotector and an autophagy inducer. It is a triamine and a polyazaalkane. It is a conjugate base of a spermidine(3+).", "Spermidine is a polyamine formed from putrescine. It is found in almost all tissues in association with nucleic acids. It is found as a cation at all pH values, and is thought to help stabilize some membranes and nucleic acid structures. It is a precursor of spermine.", "Spermidine is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).", "Spermidine is a natural product found in Eupatorium cannabinum, Populus tremula, and other organisms with data available.", "Spermidine is a polyamine derived from putrescine that is involved in many biological processes, including the regulation of membrane potential, the inhibition of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and the induction of autophagy.", "Spermidine is a uremic toxin.  Uremic toxins can be subdivided into three major groups based upon their chemical and physical characteristics: 1) small, water-soluble, non-protein-bound compounds, such as urea; 2) small, lipid-soluble and/or protein-bound compounds, such as the phenols and 3) larger so-called middle-molecules, such as beta2-microglobulin. Chronic exposure of uremic toxins can lead to a number of conditions including renal damage, chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular disease. \nSpermidine is a polyamine formed from putrescine. It is found in almost all tissues in association with nucleic acids. It is found as a cation at all pH values, and is thought to help stabilize some membranes and nucleic acid structures. It is a precursor of spermine.", "Spermidine is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.", "A polyamine formed from putrescine. It is found in almost all tissues in association with nucleic acids. It is found as a cation at all pH values, and is thought to help stabilize some membranes and nucleic acid structures. It is a precursor of spermine."]], ["Sulfate", "[O-]S(=O)(=O)[O-]", ["Sulfate is a sulfur oxoanion obtained by deprotonation of both OH groups of sulfuric acid. It has a role as a human metabolite, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite and a cofactor. It is a sulfur oxoanion, a sulfur oxide, an inorganic anion and a divalent inorganic anion. It is a conjugate base of a hydrogensulfate.", "Sulfate is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).", "Sulfate ion is an Osmotic Laxative. The mechanism of action of sulfate ion is as an Osmotic Activity. The physiologic effect of sulfate ion is by means of Increased Large Intestinal Motility, and Inhibition Large Intestine Fluid/Electrolyte Absorption.", "Sulfate is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.", "Inorganic salts of sulfuric acid."]], ["3-(4-Amino-2-methyl-pyrimidin-5-ylmethyl)-5-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-4-methyl-thiazol-3-ium", "CC1=C(SC=[N+]1CC2=CN=C(N=C2N)C)CCO", ["Thiamine(1+) is a primary alcohol that is 1,3-thiazol-3-ium substituted by (4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl, methyl and 2-hydroxyethyl groups at positions 3, 4 and 5, respectively. It has a role as a human metabolite, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a primary alcohol and a vitamin B1. It is a conjugate base of a thiamine(2+).", "Thiamine or thiamin, also known as vitamin B1, is a colorless compound with the chemical formula C12H17N4OS. It is soluble in water and insoluble in alcohol. Thiamine decomposes if heated. Thiamine was first discovered by Umetaro Suzuki in Japan when researching how rice bran cured patients of Beriberi. Thiamine plays a key role in intracellular glucose metabolism and it is thought that thiamine inhibits the effect of glucose and insulin on arterial smooth muscle cell proliferation. Thiamine plays an important role in helping the body convert carbohydrates and fat into energy. It is essential for normal growth and development and helps to maintain proper functioning of the heart and the nervous and digestive systems. Thiamine cannot be stored in the body; however, once absorbed, the vitamin is concentrated in muscle tissue.", "Thiamine is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).", "Thiamine is a natural product found in Syzygium cumini, Chlorella vulgaris, and other organisms with data available.", "Thiamine is a heat-labile and water-soluble essential vitamin, belonging to the vitamin B family, with antioxidant, erythropoietic, mood modulating, and glucose-regulating activities. Thiamine reacts with adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to form an active coenzyme, thiamine pyrophosphate. Thiamine pyrophosphate is necessary for the actions of pyruvate dehydrogenase and alpha-ketoglutarate in carbohydrate metabolism and for the actions of transketolase, an enzyme that plays an important role in the pentose phosphate pathway. Thiamine plays a key role in intracellular glucose metabolism and may inhibit the action of glucose and insulin on arterial smooth muscle cell proliferation. Thiamine may also protect against lead toxicity by inhibiting lead-induced lipid peroxidation.", "Thiamine or thiamin, also known as vitamin B1, is a colorless compound with the chemical formula C12H17N4OS. It is soluble in water and insoluble in alcohol. Thiamine decomposes if heated. Thiamine was first discovered by Umetaro Suzuki in Japan when researching how rice bran cured patients of Beriberi. Thiamine plays a key role in intracellular glucose metabolism and it is thought that thiamine inhibits the effect of glucose and insulin on arterial smooth muscle cell proliferation. Thiamine plays an important role in helping the body convert carbohydrates and fat into energy. It is essential for normal growth and development and helps to maintain proper functioning of the heart and the nervous and digestive systems. Thiamine cannot be stored in the body; however, once absorbed, the vitamin is concentrated in muscle tissue.", "Thiamine is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.", "3-((4-Amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl)-5-(2- hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazolium chloride."]], ["Thymine", "CC1=CNC(=O)NC1=O", ["Thymine is a pyrimidine nucleobase that is uracil in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by a methyl group. It has a role as a human metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a pyrimidine nucleobase and a pyrimidone.", "Thymine is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).", "Thymine is a natural product found in Synechocystis, Tectitethya, and other organisms with data available.", "Thymine is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.", "One of four constituent bases of DNA.", "See also: Pyrimidine (related)."]], ["Isopentenyl pyrophosphate", "CC(=C)CCOP(=O)(O)OP(=O)(O)O", ["Isopentenyl diphosphate is a prenol phosphate comprising 3-methylbut-3-en-1-ol having an O-diphosphate substituent. It has a role as an epitope, a phosphoantigen, an antioxidant, an antigen, an Escherichia coli metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a conjugate acid of an isopentenyl diphosphate(3-).", "Isopentenyl pyrophosphate is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).", "Isopentenyl pyrophosphate is a natural product found in Centaurium erythraea, Streptomyces albidoflavus, and other organisms with data available.", "Isopentenyl pyrophosphate is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["Isocitric acid", "C(C(C(C(=O)O)O)C(=O)O)C(=O)O", ["Isocitric acid is a tricarboxylic acid that is propan-1-ol with a hydrogen at each of the 3 carbon positions replaced by a carboxy group. It has a role as a fundamental metabolite. It is a tricarboxylic acid and a secondary alcohol. It is a conjugate acid of an isocitrate(1-).", "Isocitric acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).", "Isocitric acid is a natural product found in Populus tremula, Synechocystis, and other organisms with data available.", "Isocitric acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["alpha-AMINO-3-HYDROXY-5-METHYL-4-ISOXAZOLEPROPIONIC ACID", "CC1=C(C(=O)NO1)CC(C(=O)O)N", ["(S)-AMPA is a non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid.", "An IBOTENIC ACID homolog and glutamate agonist. The compound is the defining agonist for the AMPA subtype of glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, AMPA). It has been used as a radionuclide imaging agent but is more commonly used as an experimental tool in cell biological studies."]], ["Gallopamil", "CC(C)C(CCCN(C)CCC1=CC(=C(C=C1)OC)OC)(C#N)C2=CC(=C(C(=C2)OC)OC)OC", ["Gallopamil is a member of benzenes and an organic amino compound.", "Gallopamil has been used in trials studying the treatment of Asthma.", "Coronary vasodilator that is an analog of iproveratril (VERAPAMIL) with one more methoxy group on the benzene ring."]], ["Normetanephrine", "COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C(CN)O)O", ["Normetanephrine is a catecholamine.", "Normetanephrine is a natural product found in Solanum with data available.", "A methylated metabolite of norepinephrine that is excreted in the urine and found in certain tissues. It is a marker for tumors."]], ["8-Anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonic acid", "C1=CC=C(C=C1)NC2=CC=CC3=C2C(=CC=C3)S(=O)(=O)O", ["8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid is a naphthalenesulfonic acid that is naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid substituted by a phenylamino group at position 8. It has a role as a fluorescent probe. It is an aminonaphthalene and a naphthalenesulfonic acid.", "8-Anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonic acid is a natural product found in Homo sapiens with data available."]], ["Pyrithione", "C1=CC(=S)N(C=C1)O", ["Pyrithione is a pyridinethione that is pyridine-2(1H)-thione in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a hydroxy group. It is a Zn(2+) ionophore; the zinc salt is used as an antifungal and antibacterial agent. It has a role as an ionophore. It is a pyridinethione and a monohydroxypyridine. It is a tautomer of a pyridine-2-thiol N-oxide.", "Pyrithione zinc, or zinc pyrithione or zinc pyridinethione, is a coordination complex consisted of pyrithione ligands chelated to zinc (2+) ions via oxygen and sulfur centers. In the crystalline state, it exists as a centrosymmetric dimer. Due to its dynamic fungistatic and bacteriostatic properties, pyrithione zinc is used to treat dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis. Dandruff is a common scalp disease affecting >40% of the world's adult population, and may be caused by fungi such as Malassezia globosa and M. restricta.  Pyrithione zinc is commonly found as an active ingredient in OTC antidandruff topical treatments such as shampoos. It mediates its action by increasing the cellular levels of copper, and damaging iron-sulfur clusters of proteins essential for fungal metabolism and growth. Due to low solubility, pyrithione zinc released from the topical formulations is deposited and retained relatively well onto the target skin surfaces. Other uses of pyrithione zinc include additive in antifouling outdoor paints and algaecide. While its use has been approved in the early 1960's by the FDA, safety and effectiveness of pyrithione zinc has been reported for decades. It is not shown to have any significant estrogenic activity according to the in vivo and in vitro assays.", "Pyrithione is a natural product found in Marsypopetalum modestum with data available.", "Pyrithione is a fungistatic and antimicrobial derivative of aspergillic acid. Although the exact mechanism of action remains to be fully elucidated, pyrithione appears to interfere with membrane transport ultimately leading to a loss of metabolic control."]], ["Tramiprosate", "C(CN)CS(=O)(=O)O", ["3-Aminopropanesulfonate is an organosulfonic acid."]], ["4-(2-Aminoethyl)-2-methoxyphenol", "COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)CCN)O", ["3-methoxytyramine is a monomethoxybenzene that is dopamine in which the hydroxy group at position 3 is replaced by a methoxy group. It is a metabolite of the neurotransmitter dopamine and considered a potential biomarker of pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas. It has a role as a human blood serum metabolite, a human urinary metabolite and a biomarker. It is a member of phenols, a primary amino compound, a monomethoxybenzene and a phenylethylamine. It is functionally related to a dopamine. It is a conjugate base of a 3-methoxytyraminium.", "4-(2-Aminoethyl)-2-methoxyphenol is a natural product found in Senegalia berlandieri, Echinopsis spachiana, and other organisms with data available."]], ["3-Nitropropionic acid", "C(C[N+](=O)[O-])C(=O)O", ["3-nitropropionic acid appears as golden crystals (from chloroform). (NTP, 1992)", "3-nitropropanoic acid is a C-nitro compound that is propanoic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a nitro group. It has a role as a neurotoxin, an EC 1.3.5.1 [succinate dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor, an antimycobacterial drug and a mycotoxin. It is functionally related to a propionic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a 3-nitropropanoate. It is a tautomer of a 3-aci-nitropropanoic acid.", "3-Nitropropionic acid is a natural product found in Indigofera suffruticosa, Coscinoderma, and other organisms with data available.", "Bovinocidin is isolated from Aspergillus sp. and moulds contaminating food\n\nBovinocidin belongs to the family of Beta Amino Acids and Derivatives. These are amino acids having a (-NH2) group attached to the beta carbon atom."]], ["Homovanillic acid", "COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)CC(=O)O)O", ["Homovanillic acid is a monocarboxylic acid that is the 3-O-methyl ether of (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid. It is a catecholamine metabolite. It has a role as a human metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a member of guaiacols and a monocarboxylic acid. It is functionally related to a (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a homovanillate.", "Homovanillic acid is a natural product found in Aloe africana, Ginkgo biloba, and other organisms with data available.", "Homovanillic Acid is a monocarboxylic acid that is a catecholamine metabolite.  Homovanillic acid may be used a marker for metabolic stress, tobacco usage or the presence of a catecholamine secreting tumor, such as neuroblastoma or pheochromocytoma.", "Homovanillic acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.", "A 3-O-methyl ETHER of (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid."]], ["Capravirine", "CC(C)C1=C(N(C(=N1)COC(=O)N)CC2=CC=NC=C2)SC3=CC(=CC(=C3)Cl)Cl", ["Capravirine is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor. Capravirine shows antiviral activity against wild-type HIV as well as HIV strains with mutations in reverse transcriptase. Due to no statistically-significant difference between standard triple-drug HIV therapies and the same therapy with capravirine, its development was discontinued by the developer."]], ["5-Hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid", "C1=CC2=C(C=C1O)C(=CN2)CC(=O)O", ["(5-hydroxyindol-3-yl)acetic acid is a member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at C-5. It has a role as a drug metabolite, a human metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a conjugate acid of a (5-hydroxyindol-3-yl)acetate.", "5-Hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid is a natural product found in Euglena gracilis, Griffonia simplicifolia, and other organisms with data available."]], ["N,N-Dimethyl-5-methoxytryptamine", "CN(C)CCC1=CNC2=C1C=C(C=C2)OC", ["5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine is a tryptamine alkaloid that is N,N-dimethyltryptamine substituted by a methoxy group at position 5. It has a role as a hallucinogen and a plant metabolite. It is a tryptamine alkaloid, an aromatic ether and a tertiary amino compound. It is functionally related to a bufotenin.", "5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT) is a tryptamine with psychedelic properties. It is found in a wide variety of plant species, and a single psychoactive toad species, the Colorado River toad. This drug, as well as [dimethyltryptamine] and [bufotenin], have been registered to be used in South America in religious and spiritual rituals.", "N,N-Dimethyl-5-methoxytryptamine is a natural product found in Anadenanthera peregrina, Pilocarpus pauciflorus, and other organisms with data available.", "Compounds that contain the biogenic monoamine tryptamine and are substituted with one methoxy group and two methyl groups. Members of this group include several potent serotonergic hallucinogens found in several unrelated plants, skins of certain toads, and in mammalian brains. They are possibly involved in the etiology of schizophrenia."]], ["Aceclidine", "CC(=O)OC1CN2CCC1CC2", ["Acetic acid 1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl ester is a member of quinuclidines.", "Aceclidine has been marketed in Europe but has not been used clinically in the United States. It is used in the treatment of open-angle glaucoma and is a parasympathomimetic agent."]], ["Acetohexamide", "CC(=O)C1=CC=C(C=C1)S(=O)(=O)NC(=O)NC2CCCCC2", ["Acetohexamide is a white fluffy crystalline powder with almost no odor. (NTP, 1992)", "Acetohexamide is an N-sulfonylurea that is urea in which a hydrogen attached to one of the nitrogens is replaced by a p-acetylphenylsulfonyl group, while a hydrogen attached to the other nitrogen is replaced by a cyclohexyl group. It has a role as a hypoglycemic agent and an insulin secretagogue. It is a N-sulfonylurea and a member of acetophenones.", "A sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent that is metabolized in the liver to 1-hydrohexamide. Acetohexamide has been discontinued in the US market.", "Acetohexamide is an intermediate-acting, first-generation sulfonylurea with hypoglycemic activity. Acetohexamide is metabolized in the liver to its active metabolite hydroxyhexamide.", "A sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent that is metabolized in the liver to 1-hydrohexamide."]], ["Methacholine", "CC(C[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)C", ["Methacholine is a quaternary ammonium ion in which the nitrogen is substituted with three methyl groups and a 2-acetoxypropyl group. Parasympathomimetic bronchoconstrictor drug used in clinical diagnosis. It has a role as a muscarinic agonist, a bronchoconstrictor agent, an epitope, a cholinergic agonist and a vasodilator agent. It is a quaternary ammonium ion and an acetate ester.", "Asthma is a complex condition associated with phenomena such as airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), in which the smooth muscle in the airways (ASM) excessively contracts in response to stimuli, reducing pulmonary function and causing symptoms such as difficulty breathing. Although the underlying pathology of AHR is complex, ASM contraction can be stimulated by cholinergic agonists that activate M3 muscarinic receptors that stimulate ASM contraction. Methacholine is a non-specific cholinergic agonist (parasympathomimetic) that acts through muscarinic receptors in the lungs to induce bronchoconstriction. In patients with AHR, a lower dose of methacholine is required to induce bronchoconstriction, which forms the basis for the methacholine challenge test to diagnose AHR.  Methacholine was granted FDA approval on October 31, 1986, and is marketed under the trademark PROVOCHOLINE\u00ae by Methapharm Inc.", "Methacholine is a Cholinergic Receptor Agonist. The mechanism of action of methacholine is as a Cholinergic Agonist.", "A quaternary ammonium parasympathomimetic agent with the muscarinic actions of ACETYLCHOLINE. It is hydrolyzed by ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE at a considerably slower rate than ACETYLCHOLINE and is more resistant to hydrolysis by nonspecific CHOLINESTERASES so that its actions are more prolonged. It is used as a parasympathomimetic bronchoconstrictor agent and as a diagnostic aid for bronchial asthma. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1116)"]], ["actinomycin D", "CC1C(C(=O)NC(C(=O)N2CCCC2C(=O)N(CC(=O)N(C(C(=O)O1)C(C)C)C)C)C(C)C)NC(=O)C3=C4C(=C(C=C3)C)OC5=C(C(=O)C(=C(C5=N4)C(=O)NC6C(OC(=O)C(N(C(=O)CN(C(=O)C7CCCN7C(=O)C(NC6=O)C(C)C)C)C)C(C)C)C)N)C", ["Actinomycin d appears as bright red rhomboid prisms or red powder. (NTP, 1992)", "2-amino-4,6-dimethyl-3-oxo-N1,N9-bis[7,11,14-trimethyl-2,5,9,12,15-pentaoxo-3,10-di(propan-2-yl)-8-oxa-1,4,11,14-tetrazabicyclo[14.3.0]nonadecan-6-yl]phenoxazine-1,9-dicarboxamide is a cyclodepsipeptide.", "actinomycin D is a natural product found in Streptomyces parvulus, Streptomyces antibioticus, and other organisms with data available.", "A compound composed of a two CYCLIC PEPTIDES attached to a phenoxazine that is derived from STREPTOMYCES parvullus. It binds to DNA and inhibits RNA synthesis (transcription), with chain elongation more sensitive than initiation, termination, or release. As a result of impaired mRNA production, protein synthesis also declines after dactinomycin therapy. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p2015)"]], ["Adiphenine", "CCN(CC)CCOC(=O)C(C1=CC=CC=C1)C2=CC=CC=C2", ["2,2-diphenylacetic acid 2-(diethylamino)ethyl ester is a diarylmethane."]], ["Alfuzosin", "CN(CCCNC(=O)C1CCCO1)C2=NC3=CC(=C(C=C3C(=N2)N)OC)OC", ["Alfuzosin is a monocarboxylic acid amide, a tetrahydrofuranol and a member of quinazolines. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent, an antihypertensive agent and an alpha-adrenergic antagonist.", "Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) refers to a benign growth or hyperplasia of the prostate and leads to lower urinary tract symptoms in men, such as urgency, frequency and changes to urine flow. The prevalence of BPH is as high as 50%-60% for males in their 60's, and this prevalence increases to 80%-90% of those over 70. Alfuzosin is an alpha-1 adrenergic blocker used in the symptomatic treatment of BPH that works by relaxing the muscles in the prostate and bladder neck. It was initially approved by the FDA in 2003 and is marketed by several pharmaceutical companies.", "Alfuzosin is an alpha-Adrenergic Blocker. The mechanism of action of alfuzosin is as an Adrenergic alpha-Antagonist.", "Alfuzosin is a nonselective alpha-1 adrenergic antagonist used in the therapy of benign prostatic hypertrophy. Alfuzosin is associated with a low rate of transient serum aminotransferase elevations and with rare instances of clinically apparent acute liver injury.", "Alfuzosin is a synthetic quinazoline compound with smooth muscle relaxing activity. Alfuzosin selectively binds to and antagonizes alpha-1-adrenergic receptors in smooth muscle of the bladder neck and prostate, thereby relaxing the smooth muscle and decreasing the obstruction and urethral resistance seen with benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer. This agent also blocks alpha-1-adrenergic receptors in peripheral vascular smooth muscle, which leads to vasodilatation and a subsequent decrease in peripheral vascular resistance."]], ["Casanthranol", "C1=CC2=C(C(=C1)O)C(=O)C3=C(C2OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)C=C(C=C3O)CO", ["Casanthranol appears as light brown or brown powder. (NTP, 1992)", "4,5-Dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-10-oxo-9,10-dihydro-9-anthracenyl hexopyranoside is a member of anthracenes.", "Casanthranol is a concentrated mixture of anthranol glycosides from cascara sagrada (dried bark of Rhamnus p.) and used as a laxative in constipation and various medical conditions, stimulant laxative Casanthranol encourages bowel movements by acting on the intestinal wall to increase muscle contractions. (NCI04)", "Purgative anthraquinone found in several plants, especially RHAMNUS PURSHIANA. It was formerly used as a laxative, but is now used mainly as a tool in toxicity studies."]], ["Alosetron", "CC1=C(N=CN1)CN2CCC3=C(C2=O)C4=CC=CC=C4N3C", ["Alosetron is a pyrido[4,3-b]indole compound having a 5-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-ylmethyl group at the 2-position. It has a role as a serotonergic antagonist, an antiemetic and a gastrointestinal drug. It is a pyridoindole and a member of imidazoles.", "Alosetron is a 5-HT3 antagonist used only for the management of severe diarrhoea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in women. Alosetron has an antagonist action on the 5-HT3 receptors and thus may modulate serotonin-sensitive gastrointestinal (GI) processes. Alosetron was voluntarily withdrawn from the US market in November 2000 by the manufacturer due to numerous reports of severe adverse effects including ischemic colitis, severely obstructed or ruptured bowel, and death. In June 2002, the FDA approved a supplemental new drug application allowing the remarketing of the drug under restricted conditions of use.", "Alosetron is a Serotonin-3 Receptor Antagonist. The mechanism of action of alosetron is as a Serotonin 3 Receptor Antagonist.", "Alosetron is a potent and selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist. Alosetron blocks the actions of serotonin at 5-HT3 sites in the peripheral nervous system, particularly on enteric and nociceptive sensory neurons, thereby affecting the regulation of visceral pain, decreasing gastrointestinal contraction and motility, and decreasing gastrointestinal secretions. This agent is used to treat diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome in women."]], ["Amanitin", "CCC(C)C1C(=O)NCC(=O)NC2CS(=O)C3=C(CC(C(=O)NCC(=O)N1)NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C4CC(CN4C(=O)C(NC2=O)CC(=O)N)O)C(C)C(CO)O)C5=C(N3)C=C(C=C5)O", ["alpha-Amanitin or \u03b1-amanitin is a cyclic peptide of eight amino acids. It is possibly the most deadly of all the amatoxins, toxins found in several members of the Amanita genus of mushrooms, one being the Death cap (Amanita phalloides) as well as the Destroying angel, a complex of similar species, principally A. virosa and A. bisporigera. It is also found in the mushrooms Galerina marginata and Conocybe filaris. (L993)", "A cyclic octapeptide with a thioether bridge between the cystine and tryptophan. It inhibits RNA POLYMERASE II. Poisoning may require LIVER TRANSPLANTATION."]], ["Alprenolol", "CC(C)NCC(COC1=CC=CC=C1CC=C)O", ["Alprenolol is a secondary alcohol that is propan-2-ol substituted by a 2-allylphenoxy group at position 1 and an isopropylamino group at position 3. It is a beta-adrenergic antagonist used as a antihypertensive, anti-arrhythmia and a sympatholytic agent. It has a role as an anti-arrhythmia drug, an antihypertensive agent, a beta-adrenergic antagonist and a sympatholytic agent. It is a secondary alcohol and a secondary amino compound.", "One of the adrenergic beta-antagonists used as an antihypertensive, anti-anginal, and anti-arrhythmic agent. Alprenolol is no longer marketed by AstraZeneca, but may still be available in generic varieties.", "One of the ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS used as an antihypertensive, anti-anginal, and anti-arrhythmic agent."]], ["Ambenonium", "CC[N+](CC)(CCNC(=O)C(=O)NCC[N+](CC)(CC)CC1=CC=CC=C1Cl)CC2=CC=CC=C2Cl", ["Ambenonium is a symmetrical oxalamide-based bis-quaternary ammonium ion having ethyl and 2-chlorobenzyl groups attached to the nitrogens. It has a role as an EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor.", "Ambenonium is a cholinesterase inhibitor. It is used in the management of myasthenia gravis.", "Ambenonium is a Cholinesterase Inhibitor. The mechanism of action of ambenonium is as a Cholinesterase Inhibitor.", "Ambenonium is a bisquaternary ammonium alcohol with parasympathomimetic activity. The positive charge of ambenonium allows it to act as an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor by binding to the anionic site at the reactive center of acetylcholinesterase, preventing the breakdown of acetylcholine and producing an indirect cholinomimetic effect at both nicotinic and muscarinic receptors. Ambenonium also has direct agonist activity at nicotinic receptors, potentiating the cholinomimetic effect at the neuromuscular junction.", "Ambenonium is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a cholinesterase inhibitor used in the management of myasthenia gravis. [Wikipedia] Ambenonium exerts its actions against myasthenia gravis by competitive, reversible inhibition of acetylcholinesterase. The disease myasthenia gravis occurs when the body inappropriately produces antibodies against acetylcholine receptors, and thus inhibits proper acetylcholine signal transmission (when acetylcholine binds to acetylcholine receptors of striated muscle fibers, it stimulates those fibers to contract). Ambenonium reversibly binds acetylcholinesterase at the anionic site, which results in the blockage of the site of acetycholine binding, thereby inhibiting acetylcholine hydrolysis and enhancing cholinergic function through the accumulation of acetycholine at cholinergic synpases. In turn this facilitates transmission of impulses across the myoneural junction and effectively treats the disease."]], ["Penticort", "CC(=O)OCC(=O)C12C(CC3C1(CC(C4(C3CCC5=CC(=O)C=CC54C)F)O)C)OC6(O2)CCCC6", ["LSM-4981 is a corticosteroid hormone."]], ["Aminoguanidine", "C(=NN)(N)N", ["Aminoguanidine is a one-carbon compound whose unique structure renders it capable of acting as a derivative of hydrazine, guanidine or formamide. It has a role as an EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor and an EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor. It is a member of guanidines and a one-carbon compound.", "Pimagedine has been developed by Synvista Therapeutics, Inc for the treatment of diabetic kidney disease. It is an advanced glycation end product inhibitor which manages diabetic nephropathy, either alone or in combination with other therapies. It is beneficial in treating patients with diabetic nephropathy."]], ["4-Aminoantipyrine", "CC1=C(C(=O)N(N1C)C2=CC=CC=C2)N", ["4-aminoantipyrine is a pyrazolone, a member of the class of pyrazoles that is antipyrine substituted at C-4 by an amino group. It is a metabolite of aminopyrine and of metamizole. It has a role as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, a non-narcotic analgesic, an antirheumatic drug, a peripheral nervous system drug, an EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor, an antipyretic, a drug metabolite and a marine xenobiotic metabolite. It is a primary amino compound and a pyrazolone. It is functionally related to an antipyrine.", "A metabolite of AMINOPYRINE with analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. It is used as a reagent for biochemical reactions producing peroxides or phenols. Ampyrone stimulates LIVER MICROSOMES and is also used to measure extracellular water."]], ["Amoxapine", "C1CN(CCN1)C2=NC3=CC=CC=C3OC4=C2C=C(C=C4)Cl", ["Amoxapine is a dibenzooxazepine compound having a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a piperazin-1-yl group at the 11-position. It has a role as an antidepressant, an adrenergic uptake inhibitor, a dopaminergic antagonist, a serotonin uptake inhibitor and a geroprotector.", "Amoxapine, the N-demethylated derivative of the antipsychotic agent loxapine, is a dibenzoxazepine-derivative tricyclic antidepressant (TCA). TCAs are structurally similar to phenothiazines. They contain a tricyclic ring system with an alkyl amine substituent on the central ring. In non-depressed individuals, amoxapine does not affect mood or arousal, but may cause sedation. In depressed individuals, amoxapine exerts a positive effect on mood. TCAs are potent inhibitors of serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake. In addition, TCAs down-regulate cerebral cortical \u03b2-adrenergic receptors and sensitize post-synaptic serotonergic receptors with chronic use. The antidepressant effects of TCAs are thought to be due to an overall increase in serotonergic neurotransmission. TCAs also block histamine H1 receptors, \u03b11-adrenergic receptors and muscarinic receptors, which accounts for their sedative, hypotensive and anticholinergic effects (e.g. blurred vision, dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention), respectively. See toxicity section below for a complete listing of side effects. Amoxapine may be used to treat neurotic and reactive depressive disorders, endogenous and psychotic depression, and mixed symptoms of depression and anxiety or agitation.", "Amoxapine is a Tricyclic Antidepressant.", "Amoxapine is a tetracyclic antidepressant used for relief of symptoms of depression caused by either reactive or psychotic depression. Amoxapine has been associated with a low rate of minor serum aminotransferase elevations during treatment and to very rare instances of clinically apparent acute liver injury.", "Amoxapine is a tricyclic antidepressant of the dibenzoxazepine class. Amoxapine exerts its antidepressant effect by inhibiting the re-uptake of norepinephrine and, to a lesser degree, of serotonin, at adrenergic nerve endings and blocks the response of dopamine receptors to dopamine. This drug is used to treat symptoms of depression and may cause tardive dyskinesia. Amoxapine also binds to alpha-adrenergic, histaminergic, and cholinergic receptors which accounts for many of the side effects seen with this agent.", "Amoxapine, the <i>N</i>-demethylated derivative of the antipsychotic agent loxapine, is a dibenzoxazepine-derivative tricyclic antidepressant (TCA). TCAs are structurally similar to phenothiazines. They contain a tricyclic ring system with an alkyl amine substituent on the central ring. In non-depressed individuals, amoxapine does not affect mood or arousal, but may cause sedation. In depressed individuals, amoxapine exerts a positive effect on mood. TCAs are potent inhibitors of serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake. In addition, TCAs down-regulate cerebral cortical &beta;-adrenergic receptors and sensitize post-synaptic serotonergic receptors with chronic use. The antidepressant effects of TCAs are thought to be due to an overall increase in serotonergic neurotransmission. TCAs also block histamine H<sub>1</sub> receptors, &alpha;<sub>1</sub>-adrenergic receptors and muscarinic receptors, which accounts for their sedative, hypotensive and anticholinergic effects (e.g. blurred vision, dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention), respectively. See toxicity section below for a complete listing of side effects. Amoxapine may be used to treat neurotic and reactive depressive disorders, endogenous and psychotic depression, and mixed symptoms of depression and anxiety or agitation. ", "The N-demethylated derivative of the antipsychotic agent LOXAPINE that works by blocking the reuptake of norepinephrine, serotonin, or both; it also blocks dopamine receptors. Amoxapine is used for the treatment of depression."]], ["Alpen", "CC1(C(N2C(S1)C(C2=O)NC(=O)C(C3=CC=CC=C3)N)C(=O)O)C", ["6-[(2-amino-1-oxo-2-phenylethyl)amino]-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid is a penicillin."]], ["Amsacrine", "COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)NS(=O)(=O)C)NC2=C3C=CC=CC3=NC4=CC=CC=C42", ["Amsacrine is a sulfonamide that is N-phenylmethanesulfonamide substituted by a methoxy group at position 3 and an acridin-9-ylamino group at position 4. It exhibits antineoplastic activity. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent and an EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor. It is a sulfonamide, a member of acridines and an aromatic ether.", "Aminoacridine derivative that is a potent intercalating antineoplastic agent. It is effective in the treatment of acute leukemias and malignant lymphomas, but has poor activity in the treatment of solid tumors. It is frequently used in combination with other antineoplastic agents in chemotherapy protocols. It produces consistent but acceptable myelosuppression and cardiotoxic effects.", "Amsacrine is a natural product found in Cystodytes with data available.", "Amsacrine is an aminoacridine derivative with potential antineoplastic activity. Although its mechanism of action is incompletely defined, amsacrine may intercalate into DNA and inhibit topoisomerase II, resulting in DNA double-strand breaks, arrest of the S/G2 phase of the cell cycle, and cell death. This agent's cytotoxicity is maximal during the S phase of the cell cycle when topoisomerase levels are greatest. In addition, amsacrine may induce transcription of tumor promoter p53 protein and block p53 ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation, resulting in p53-dependent tumor cell apoptosis.", "Aminoacridine derivative that is a potent intercalating antineoplastic agent. It is effective in the treatment of acute leukemias and malignant lymphomas, but has poor activity in the treatment of solid tumors. It is frequently used in combination with other antineoplastic agents in chemotherapy protocols. It produces consistent but acceptable myelosuppression and cardiotoxic effects.", "An aminoacridine derivative that intercalates into DNA and is used as an antineoplastic agent."]], ["Anastrozole", "CC(C)(C#N)C1=CC(=CC(=C1)CN2C=NC=N2)C(C)(C)C#N", ["Anastrozole is a 1,2,4-triazole compound having a 3,5-bis(2-cyano-2-propyl)benzyl group at the 1-position. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent and an EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor. It is a member of triazoles and a nitrile.", "Anastrozole is a non-steroidal aromatase inhibitor (AI), similar to [letrozole], used to decrease circulating estrogen levels in the treatment of postmenopausal women with estrogen-responsive breast cancer. Anastrozole is also related to [exemestane], a steroidal AI, but its non-steroidal nature provides stark advantages including a lack of steroid-associated adverse effects such as weight gain and acne. Aromatase inhibitors, including anastrozole, have become endocrine drugs of choice in the treatment of postmenopausal breast cancer due to a more favourable efficacy and adverse effect profile as compared to earlier estrogen receptor modulators such as [tamoxifen].  Anastrozole was first approved for use in the United States in 1995.", "Anastrozole is an Aromatase Inhibitor. The mechanism of action of anastrozole is as an Aromatase Inhibitor.", "Anastrozole is a nonsteroidal inhibitor of aromatase which effectively blocks estrogen synthesis in postmenopausal women and is used as therapy of estrogen receptor positive breast cancer. Anastrozole has been associated with a low rate of serum enzyme elevations during therapy and rare instances of clinically apparent liver injury.", "Anastrozole is a nonsteroidal inhibitor of estrogen synthesis that resembles paclitaxel in chemical structure.  As a third-generation aromatase inhibitor, anastrozole selectively binds to and reversibly inhibits aromatase, a cytochrome P-450 enzyme complex found in many tissues including those of the premenopausal ovary, liver, and breast; aromatase catalyzes the aromatization of androstenedione and testosterone into estrone and estradiol, the final step in estrogen biosynthesis.  In estrogen-dependent breast cancers, ananstrozole may inhibit tumor growth. (NCI04)", "Anastrozole is a drug indicated in the treatment of breast cancer in post-menopausal women. It is used both in adjuvant therapy (i.e. following surgery) and in metastatic breast cancer. It decreases the amount of estrogens that the body makes. Anastrozole belongs in the class of drugs known as aromatase inhibitors. It inhibits the enzyme aromatase, which is responsible for converting androgens (produced by women in the adrenal glands) to estrogens.", "A nitrile and triazole derivative that acts as a selective nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor. It is used in the treatment of ESTROGEN NUCLEAR RECEPTOR-positive breast cancer in postmenopausal women."]], ["Anethole trithione", "COC1=CC=C(C=C1)C2=CC(=S)SS2", ["Anetholtrithion is a member of methoxybenzenes.", "Anethole trithione (ATT) appears to have a broad range of unique functions, from increasing salivary secretion to help treat xerostomia, to demonstrating an ability to inhibit carcinogenesis by increasing the activity of electrophile detoxification enzymes, and even being used as an adjunctive therapy for cholecystitis, gallstone, indigestion, and acute/chronic hepatitis and is marketed in certain countries like France, Germany, and China.  Unfortunately, many of the specific mechanisms of action to these activities have yet to be formally elucidated, which means that while studies are ongoing, ATT itself is not necessarily formally indicated for many of these aforementioned functions at this time and is only used in limited regions around the world.", "Anetholtrithion is a substituted dithiolthione and analog of chemopreventive agent oltipraz.  Anethole trithione is a bile secretion-stimulating drug that restores salivation and relieves the discomfort of dry mouth in chemotherapy-induced xerostomia.  In addition, this agent has exhibited chemopreventive properties.  The mechanism of action for the chemopreventive and xerostomia properties have not been fully elucidated.", "Choleretic used to allay dry mouth and constipation due to tranquilizers."]], ["Antazoline", "C1CN=C(N1)CN(CC2=CC=CC=C2)C3=CC=CC=C3", ["Antazoline is a member of the class of imidazolines that is 2-aminomethyl-2-imidazoline in which the exocyclic amino hydrogens are replaced by benzyl and phenyl groups. Antazoline is only found in individuals that have taken the drug. It has a role as a H1-receptor antagonist, a cholinergic antagonist and a xenobiotic. It is a tertiary amino compound, an aromatic amine and a member of imidazolines.", "Antazoline is a 1st generation antihistamine with anticholinergic activity. It is used to relieve nasal congestion. It is also formulated as eye drops with naphazoline to relieve allergic conjunctivitis.", "Antazoline is an ethylenediamine derivative with histamine H1 antagonistic and sedative properties. Antazoline antagonizes histamine H1 receptor and prevents the typical allergic symptoms caused by histamine activities on capillaries, skin, mucous membranes, and gastrointestinal and bronchial smooth muscles. These histamine activities include vasodilation, bronchoconstriction, increased vascular permeability, pain, itching, and spasmodic contractions of gastrointestinal smooth muscles. Antazoline is used to provide symptomatic relieve of allergic symptoms.", "An antagonist of histamine H1 receptors."]], ["Acetovanillone", "CC(=O)C1=CC(=C(C=C1)O)OC", ["Apocynin is an aromatic ketone that is 1-phenylethanone substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4 and a methoxy group at position 3. It has a role as a non-narcotic analgesic, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, an antirheumatic drug, a peripheral nervous system drug, an EC 1.6.3.1. [NAD(P)H oxidase (H2O2-forming)] inhibitor and a plant metabolite. It is a member of acetophenones, a methyl ketone and an aromatic ketone.", "Acetovanillone has been used in trials studying the treatment of Bronchial Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.", "Acetovanillone is a natural product found in Iris tectorum, Apocynum cannabinum, and other organisms with data available.", "Acetovanillone is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["Aranidipine", "CC1=C(C(C(=C(N1)C)C(=O)OCC(=O)C)C2=CC=CC=C2[N+](=O)[O-])C(=O)OC", ["Aranidipine is an organic molecular entity.", "Aranidipine is a novel dihydropyridine derivative that gives rise to two active metabolites (M-1\u03b1 and M-1\u03b2) that exhibit hypotensive activity. It is a calcium antagonist with the formula methyl 2-oxopropyl 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-3,5-pyridinedicarboxylate. It was developed by Maruko Seiyaku, introduced by Taiho and launched in Japan in 1997."]], ["Arotinolol", "CC(C)(C)NCC(CSC1=NC(=CS1)C2=CC=C(S2)C(=O)N)O", ["Arotinolol is a member of thiophenes and an aromatic amide.", "Arotinolol is an alpha- and beta-receptor blocker developed in Japan. It is a thiopropanolamine with a tertiary butyl moiety. It has been studied for its potential to be an antihypertensive therapy. Artinolol is being developed by Sumitomo Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. and it is currently under clinical trials."]], ["Astemizole", "COC1=CC=C(C=C1)CCN2CCC(CC2)NC3=NC4=CC=CC=C4N3CC5=CC=C(C=C5)F", ["Astemizole is a piperidine compound having a 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl group at the 1-position and an N-[(4-fluorobenzyl)benzimidazol-2-yl]amino group at the 4-position. It has a role as a H1-receptor antagonist, an anti-allergic agent and an anticoronaviral agent. It is a member of benzimidazoles and a member of piperidines.", "Astemizole is a long-acting, non-sedating second generation antihistamine used in the treatment of allergy symptoms. It was withdrawn from market by the manufacturer in 1999 due to the potential to cause arrhythmias at high doses, especially when  when taken with CYP inhibitors or grapefruit juice.", "Astemizole is a synthetic piperidinyl-benzimidazol derivative with antiallergic properties, Astemizole acts as a reversible competitive inhibitor of histamine H1 receptors, with less anticholinergic effects compared to related agents. It is a long-acting, non-sedative antihistaminic used in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis, asthma, allergic conjunctivitis, and chronic idiopathic urticaria. (NCI04)", "Astemizole is a long-acting, non-sedating second generation antihistamine used in the treatment of allergy symptoms. It was withdrawn from market by the manufacturer in 1999 due to the potential to cause arrhythmias at high doses, especially when  when taken with CYP inhibitors or grapefruit juice.", "Antihistamine drug now withdrawn from the market in many countries because of rare but potentially fatal side effects."]], ["Azasetron", "CN1C(=O)COC2=C(C=C(C=C21)Cl)C(=O)NC3CN4CCC3CC4", ["N-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-6-chloro-4-methyl-3-oxo-1,4-benzoxazine-8-carboxamide is a benzoxazine."]], ["2-ethyl-3,4,10-trihydroxy-3,5,6,8,10,12,14-heptamethyl-15-oxo-11-{[3,4,6-trideoxy-3-(dimethylamino)hexopyranosyl]oxy}-1-oxa-6-azacyclopentadecan-13-yl 2,6-dideoxy-3-C-methyl-3-O-methylhexopyranoside", "CCC1C(C(C(N(CC(CC(C(C(C(C(C(=O)O1)C)OC2CC(C(C(O2)C)O)(C)OC)C)OC3C(C(CC(O3)C)N(C)C)O)(C)O)C)C)C)O)(C)O", ["A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic structurally related to ERYTHROMYCIN. It has been used in the treatment of Mycobacterium avium intracellulare infections, toxoplasmosis, and cryptosporidiosis."]], ["Azosemide", "C1=CSC(=C1)CNC2=CC(=C(C=C2C3=NNN=N3)S(=O)(=O)N)Cl", ["Azosemide is a sulfonamide that is benzenesulfonamide which is substituted at positions 2, 4, and 5 by chlorine, (2-thienylmethyl)amino and 1H-tetrazol-5-yl groups, respectively. It is a diuretic that has been used in the management of oedema and hypertension. It has a role as a loop diuretic. It is a member of tetrazoles, a member of monochlorobenzenes, a sulfonamide and a member of thiophenes.", "Azosemide is a loop diuretic used to treat hypertension, edema, and ascites.", "Azosemide is a monosulfamyl belonging to the class of loop diuretics. Azosemide inhibits sodium and chloride reabsorption throughout the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle."]], ["beta-Amanitin", "CCC(C)C1C(=O)NCC(=O)NC2CS(=O)C3=C(CC(C(=O)NCC(=O)N1)NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C4CC(CN4C(=O)C(NC2=O)CC(=O)O)O)C(C)C(CO)O)C5=C(N3)C=C(C=C5)O", ["beta-Amanitin is one of a group of at least eight Amatoxins found in several genera of poisonous mushrooms, most notably Amanita phalloides and several other members of the genus Amanita, as well as some Conocybe, Galerina and Lepiota mushroom species. (L1774)"]], ["Baclofen", "C1=CC(=CC=C1C(CC(=O)O)CN)Cl", ["Baclofen appears as odorless or practically odorless white to off-white crystalline powder. (NTP, 1992)", "Baclofen is a monocarboxylic acid that is butanoic acid substituted by an amino group at position 4 and a 4-chlorophenyl group at position 3. It acts as a central nervous system depressant, GABA agonist and muscle relaxant. It has a role as a muscle relaxant, a central nervous system depressant and a GABA agonist. It is a monocarboxylic acid, a primary amino compound, a member of monochlorobenzenes and a gamma-amino acid. It is a tautomer of a baclofen zwitterion.", "Baclofen is a gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) agonist used as a skeletal muscle relaxant. Although originally designed in 1962 to treat epilepsy, baclofen was not effective in treating this condition but instead was shown to reduce spasticity in selected patients. Baclofen was reintroduced in 1971 as a treatment for spasticity and was later approved by the FDA in 1977. Baclofen is used to manage severe muscle spasms of cerebral or spinal cord origins, including multiple sclerosis and traumatic brain injury.  Baclofen was investigated for use in alcohol dependence and withdrawal; however, evidence is limited and there is inconsistent evidence to suggest its clinical efficacy in managing alcohol dependence or withdrawal symptoms.", "Baclofen is a gamma-Aminobutyric Acid-ergic Agonist. The mechanism of action of baclofen is as a GABA A Agonist, and GABA B Agonist.", "Baclofen is a centrally acting muscle relaxant commonly prescribed for spasticity in patients with multiple sclerosis. Baclofen has not been linked to rare instances of mild, self-limited, clinically apparent liver injury.", "Baclofen is a synthetic chlorophenyl-butanoic acid derivative used to treat spasms due to spinal cord damage and multiple sclerosis, muscle-relaxing Baclofen acts as a gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) agonist specific for GABA-B receptors. It acts at spinal and supraspinal sites, reducing excitatory transmission. (NCI04)", "Baclofen is a gamma-amino-butyric acid (GABA) derivative used as a skeletal muscle relaxant. Baclofen stimulates GABA-B receptors leading to decreased frequency and amplitude of muscle spasms. It is especially useful in treating muscle spasticity associated with spinal cord injury. It appears to act primarily at the spinal cord level by inhibiting spinal polysynaptic afferent pathways and, to a lesser extent, monosynaptic afferent pathways. ", "A GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID derivative that is a specific agonist of GABA-B RECEPTORS. It is used in the treatment of MUSCLE SPASTICITY, especially that due to SPINAL CORD INJURIES. Its therapeutic effects result from actions at spinal and supraspinal sites, generally the reduction of excitatory transmission."]], ["Beconase AQ", "CCC(=O)OCC(=O)C1(C(CC2C1(CC(C3(C2CCC4=CC(=O)C=CC43C)Cl)O)C)C)OC(=O)CC", ["An anti-inflammatory, synthetic glucocorticoid. It is used topically as an anti-inflammatory agent and in aerosol form for the treatment of ASTHMA."]], ["9alpha-Chloro-16beta-methylprednisolone", "CC1CC2C3CCC4=CC(=O)C=CC4(C3(C(CC2(C1(C(=O)CO)O)C)O)Cl)C", ["Beclomethasone is a synthetic glucocorticoid with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating properties.  After cell surface receptor attachment and cell entry, beclomethasone enters the nucleus where it binds to and activates specific nuclear receptors, resulting in an altered gene expression and inhibition of proinflammatory cytokine production.", "An anti-inflammatory, synthetic glucocorticoid. It is used topically as an anti-inflammatory agent and in aerosol form for the treatment of ASTHMA."]], ["Befunolol", "CC(C)NCC(COC1=CC=CC2=C1OC(=C2)C(=O)C)O", ["Befunolol is a member of benzofurans.", "Befunolol is a beta blocker introduced in 1983 by Kakenyaku Kakko. It is currently in experimental status, and is being tested for the management of open angle glaucoma."]], ["Bendazac", "C1=CC=C(C=C1)CN2C3=CC=CC=C3C(=N2)OCC(=O)O", ["Bendazac is a monocarboxylic acid that is glycolic acid in which the hydrogen attached to the 2-hydroxy group is replaced by a 1-benzyl-1H-indazol-3-yl group. Although it has anti-inflammatory, antinecrotic, choleretic and antilipidaemic properties and has been used for the treatment of various inflammatory skin disorders, its principal effect is to inhibit the denaturation of proteins. Its lysine salt is used in the management of cataracts. It has a role as a radical scavenger and a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. It is a member of indazoles and a monocarboxylic acid.", "Bendazac is an oxyacetic acid. Despite possessing anti-inflammatory, anti-necrotic, choleretic, and anti-lipidemic characteristics, most research has revolved around studying and demonstrating the agent's principal action in inhibiting the denaturation of proteins - an effect that has primarily proven useful in managing and delaying the progression of ocular cataracts [A39863. A39863]. Bendazac, however, has since been withdrawn or discontinued in various international regions due to its capability or risk for eliciting hepatotoxicity in patients although a small handful of regions may continue to have the medication available for purchase and use either as a topical anti-inflammatory/analgesic cream or eye drop formulation."]], ["Bendroflumethiazide", "C1=CC=C(C=C1)CC2NC3=C(C=C(C(=C3)C(F)(F)F)S(=O)(=O)N)S(=O)(=O)N2", ["Bendroflumethiazide is a sulfonamide consisting of 7-sulfamoyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide in which the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a trifluoromethyl group and that at position 3 is substituted by a benzyl group. It has a role as a diuretic and an antihypertensive agent. It is a benzothiadiazine and a sulfonamide.", "A thiazide diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of hydrochlorothiazide. It has been used in the treatment of familial hyperkalemia, hypertension, edema, and urinary tract disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p810)", "Bendroflumethiazide is a Thiazide Diuretic. The physiologic effect of bendroflumethiazide is by means of Increased Diuresis.", "Bendroflumethiazide is a long-acting agent, also known as bendrofluazide, belonging to the class of thiazide diuretics with antihypertensive activity.", "A thiazide diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. It has been used in the treatment of familial hyperkalemia, hypertension, edema, and urinary tract disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p810)"]], ["Benfluorex", "CC(CC1=CC(=CC=C1)C(F)(F)F)NCCOC(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2", ["Benzoic acid 2-[1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]propan-2-ylamino]ethyl ester is a benzoate ester.", "Benfluorex is an anorectic and hypolipidemic agent that is structurally related to fenfluramine. It was patented and manufactured by a French pharmaceutical company Servier. The European Medicines Agency (EMA) recommended withdrawing all benfluorex containing medicines on 18 December 2009. This recommendation was based on the risks (especially fenfluramine-like cardiovascular side-effects) outweighing the benefits.", "Benfluorex is an antilipidemic agent that decreases the relative rate of hepatic triacylglycerol synthesis. Benfluorex was never approved for use in the United States and was withdrawn in the European Union because of an increased risk of pulmonary hypertension and valvular disease."]], ["Benserazide", "C1=CC(=C(C(=C1CNNC(=O)C(CO)N)O)O)O", ["Benserazide is a carbohydrazide that results from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of DL-serine with the primary amino group of 4-(hydrazinylmethyl)benzene-1,2,3-triol. An aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase inhibitor (DOPA decarboxylase inhibitor) that does not enter the central nervous system, it is used as its hydrochloride salt as an adjunct to levodopa in the treatment of parkinsonism. By preventing the conversion of levodopa to dopamine in the periphery, it causes an increase in the amount of levodopa reaching the central nervous system and so reduces the required dose. Benserazide has no antiparkinson actions when given alone. It has a role as an EC 4.1.1.28 (aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase) inhibitor, an antiparkinson drug and a dopaminergic agent. It is a carbohydrazide, a member of catechols, a primary amino compound and a primary alcohol. It is a conjugate base of a benserazide(1+).", "When levodopa is used by itself as a therapy for treating Parkinson's disease, its ubiquitous metabolism into dopamine is responsible for a resultant increase in the levels of circulating dopamine in the blood and to various extracerebral tissues. This can result in a number of side effects like nausea, vomiting, or even cardiac arrhythmias that may diminish patient adherence. A decarboxylase inhibitor like benserazide is consequently an effective compound to combine with levadopa as it is incapable of crossing the blood-brain barrier itself but acts to prevent the formation of dopamine from levadopa in extracerebral tissues - thereby acting to minimize the occurrence of extracerebral side effects.  Levodopa/benserazide combination products are used commonly worldwide for the management of Parkinson's disease. In particular, although the specific levodopa/benserazide combination is formally approved for use in Canada and much of Europe, the FDA has approved another similar levodopa/dopa decarboxylase inhibitor combination in the form of levodopa and carbidopa.  Moreover, the European Medcines Agency has conferred an orphan designation upon benseraside since 2015 for its potential to be used as a therapy for beta thalassaemia as well.", "An inhibitor of DOPA DECARBOXYLASE that does not enter the central nervous system. It is often given with LEVODOPA in the treatment of parkinsonism to prevent the conversion of levodopa to dopamine in the periphery, thereby increasing the amount that reaches the central nervous system and reducing the required dose. It has no antiparkinson actions when given alone."]], ["Benzalkonium", "CCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1", ["BENZALKONIUM is an aromatic amine.", "Benzalkonium is a quaternary ammonium compound used as a biocide, a cationic surfactant, and as a phase transfer agent. Benzalkonium is more commonly contained in consumer products in its salt form, benzalkonium chloride. This salt is used in a great variety of international pharmaceutical products such as eye, ear, and nasal drops or sprays as an excipient ingredient serving as an antimicrobial preservative. When used as an ingredient in antiseptic and disinfectant products however, it is an active antimicrobial agent.", "A mixture of alkylbenzyldimethylammonium compounds. It is a bactericidal quaternary ammonium detergent used topically in medicaments, deodorants, mouthwashes, as a surgical antiseptic, and as a as preservative and emulsifier in drugs and cosmetics."]], ["Benzquinamide", "CCN(CC)C(=O)C1CN2CCC3=CC(=C(C=C3C2CC1OC(=O)C)OC)OC", ["Benzquinamide is a monocarboxylic acid amide. It has a role as an antiemetic, a sedative, a H1-receptor antagonist, a muscarinic antagonist and an antipsychotic agent.", "Benzquinamide is a discontinued antiemetic compound with antihistaminic, mild anticholinergic, and sedative properties. The mechanism of action is not known, but presumably benzquinamide works via antagonism of muscarinic acetycholine receptors and histamine H1 receptors."]], ["Cillin", "CC1(C(N2C(S1)C(C2=O)NC(=O)CC3=CC=CC=C3)C(=O)O)C", ["Cillin is a natural product found in Penicillium chrysogenum with data available."]], ["4-(4-((4-Chlorophenyl)(pyridin-2-yl)methoxy)piperidin-1-yl)butanoic acid", "C1CN(CCC1OC(C2=CC=C(C=C2)Cl)C3=CC=CC=N3)CCCC(=O)O", ["Bepotastine is a non-sedating, selective antagonist of the histamine 1 (H1) receptor. Bepotastine was approved in Japan for use in the treatment of allergic rhinitis and uriticaria/puritus in July 2000 and January 2002, respectively, and is marketed by Tanabe Seiyaku Co., Ltd. under the brand name Talion. It is available in oral and opthalmic dosage forms in Japan. The opthalmic solution is FDA approved since Sept 8, 2009 and is under the brand name Bepreve.", "Bepotastine is a non-sedating, selective antagonist of the histamine 1 (H1) receptor. Bepotastine was approved in Japan for use in the treatment of allergic rhinitis and uriticaria/puritus in July 2000 and January 2002, respectively, and is marketed by Tanabe Seiyaku Co., Ltd. under the brand name Talion. It is available in oral and opthalmic dosage forms in Japan. The opthalmic solution is FDA approved since Sept 8, 2009 and is under the brand name Bepreve. "]], ["Bepridil", "CC(C)COCC(CN(CC1=CC=CC=C1)C2=CC=CC=C2)N3CCCC3", ["Bepridil is a tertiary amine in which the substituents on nitrogen are benzyl, phenyl and 3-(2-methylpropoxy)-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)propyl. It has a role as a vasodilator agent, an anti-arrhythmia drug, an antihypertensive agent and a calcium channel blocker. It is a tertiary amine and a member of pyrrolidines.", "A long-acting, non selective, calcium channel blocker with significant anti-anginal activity. The drug produces significant coronary vasodilation and modest peripheral effects. It has antihypertensive and selective anti-arrhythmia activities and acts as a calmodulin antagonist. It is no longer marketed in the United States, as it has been implicated in causing ventricular arrhythmias (ie. Torsade de pointes).", "A long-acting calcium-blocking agent with significant anti-anginal activity. The drug produces significant coronary vasodilation and modest peripheral effects. It has antihypertensive and selective anti-arrhythmia activities and acts as a calmodulin antagonist."]], ["Berberine", "COC1=C(C2=C[N+]3=C(C=C2C=C1)C4=CC5=C(C=C4CC3)OCO5)OC", ["Berberine is an organic heteropentacyclic compound, an alkaloid antibiotic, a botanical anti-fungal agent and a berberine alkaloid. It has a role as an antilipemic drug, a hypoglycemic agent, an antioxidant, a potassium channel blocker, an antineoplastic agent, an EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor, an EC 1.1.1.141 [15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor, an EC 1.13.11.52 (indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase) inhibitor, an EC 1.21.3.3 (reticuline oxidase) inhibitor, an EC 2.1.1.116 [3'-hydroxy-N-methyl-(S)-coclaurine 4'-O-methyltransferase] inhibitor, an EC 3.1.1.4 (phospholipase A2) inhibitor, an EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor, an EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor, an EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor, an EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor, an EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor, an EC 2.7.11.10 (IkappaB kinase) inhibitor, an EC 2.1.1.122 [(S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine N-methyltransferase] inhibitor, a geroprotector and a metabolite.", "An alkaloid from Hydrastis canadensis L., Berberidaceae. It is also found in many other plants. It is relatively toxic parenterally, but has been used orally for various parasitic and fungal infections and as antidiarrheal.", "Berberine is a quaternary ammonia compound found in many botanical products, including goldenseal, barberry and Oregon grape, which is used for its purported antioxidant and antimicrobial properties for a host of conditions, including obesity, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, heart failure, H. pylori infection and colonic adenoma prevention. Berberine has not been linked to serum aminotransferase elevations during therapy nor to instances of clinically apparent liver injury.", "Berberine is a natural product found in Berberis poiretii, Thalictrum delavayi, and other organisms with data available.", "Berberine is a quaternary ammonium salt of an isoquinoline alkaloid and active component of various Chinese herbs, with potential antineoplastic, radiosensitizing, anti-inflammatory, anti-lipidemic and antidiabetic activities. Although the mechanisms of action through which berberine exerts its effects are not yet fully elucidated, upon administration this agent appears to suppress the activation of various proteins and/or modulate the expression of a variety of genes involved in tumorigenesis and inflammation, including, but not limited to transcription factor nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB), myeloid cell leukemia 1 (Mcl-1), B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), B-cell lymphoma-extra large (Bcl-xl), cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-12, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), E-selectin, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), C-X-C motif chemokine 2 (CXCL2), cyclin D1, activator protein (AP-1), hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR), arylamine N-acetyltransferase (NAT), and DNA topoisomerase I and II. The modulation of gene expression may induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, and inhibit cancer cell proliferation. In addition, berberine modulates lipid and glucose metabolism.", "An alkaloid from Hydrastis canadensis L., Berberidaceae. It is also found in many other plants. It is relatively toxic parenterally, but has been used orally for various parasitic and fungal infections and as antidiarrheal."]], ["2,4-Dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one", "COC1=CC2=C(C=C1)N(C(=O)C(O2)O)O", ["DIMBOA is a lactol that is DIBOA in which the hydrogen at position 7 is replaced by a methoxy group. It has been isolated from the maize plants. It has a role as a plant metabolite and an allelochemical. It is a lactol, a benzoxazine, an aromatic ether and a cyclic hydroxamic acid. It is functionally related to a DIBOA.", "2,4-Dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one is a natural product found in Trichoderma virens with data available."]], ["Bethanidine", "CNC(=NC)NCC1=CC=CC=C1", ["Bethanidine is a member of guanidines. It has a role as an adrenergic antagonist and an antihypertensive agent.", "A guanidinium antihypertensive agent that acts by blocking adrenergic transmission.", "A guanidinium antihypertensive agent that acts by blocking adrenergic transmission. The precise mode of action is not clear."]], ["Bethanechol", "CC(C[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)N", ["Bethanechol is the carbamic acid ester of 2-methylcholine. A slowly hydrolysed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects, it is used as its chloride salt to increase smooth muscle tone, as in the gastrointestinal tract following abdominal surgery, treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, and as an alternative to catheterisation in the treatment of non-obstructive urinary retention. It has a role as a muscarinic agonist. It is a quaternary ammonium ion and a carbamate ester.", "Bethanechol is a synthetic ester that was initially synthesized in 1935. As a cholinergic agent, bethanechol is similar in structure and pharmacological function to acetylcholine and is used in specific cases when stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system is necessary. For example, bethanechol is readily used to treat postoperative or postpartum urinary retention. An advantage of bethanechol is that in contrast to acetylcholine, bethanechol is not degraded by cholinesterase allowing its effects to be longer-lasting.", "Bethanechol is a Cholinergic Muscarinic Agonist. The mechanism of action of bethanechol is as a Cholinergic Muscarinic Agonist.", "Bethanechol is a synthetic ester structurally and pharmacologically related to acetylcholine. A slowly hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects, bethanechol is generally used to increase smooth muscle tone, as in the GI tract following abdominal surgery or in urinary retention in the absence of obstruction. It may cause hypotension, cardiac rate changes, and bronchial spasms. [PubChem]", "A slowly hydrolyzing muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Bethanechol is generally used to increase smooth muscle tone, as in the GI tract following abdominal surgery or in urinary retention in the absence of obstruction. It may cause hypotension, HEART RATE changes, and BRONCHIAL SPASM."]], ["Bevantolol", "CC1=CC(=CC=C1)OCC(CNCCC2=CC(=C(C=C2)OC)OC)O", ["Bevantolol is a propanolamine that is 3-aminopropane-1,2-diol in which the hydrogen of the primary hydroxy group is substituted by 3-methylphenyl and one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl. A beta1 adrenoceptor antagonist, it has been shown to be as effective as other beta-blockers for the treatment of angina pectoris and hypertension. It has a role as a beta-adrenergic antagonist, a calcium channel blocker, an antihypertensive agent and an anti-arrhythmia drug.", "Bevantolol is a beta-1 adrenoceptor antagonist that has been shown to be as effective as other beta blockers for the treatment of angina pectoris and hypertension. Mechanism of Action Animal experiments confirm both agonist and antagonist effects on alpha-receptors, in addition to antagonist activity at beta-1 receptors."]], ["Bicalutamide", "CC(CS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(C=C1)F)(C(=O)NC2=CC(=C(C=C2)C#N)C(F)(F)F)O", ["N-[4-cyano-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanamide is a member of the class of (trifluoromethyl)benzenes that is 4-amino-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzonitrile in which one of the amino hydrogens is substituted by a 3-[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoyl group. It is a member of (trifluoromethyl)benzenes, a monocarboxylic acid amide, a member of monofluorobenzenes, a nitrile, a sulfone and a tertiary alcohol.", "Bicalutamide is an oral non-steroidal anti-androgen for prostate cancer. It is comprised of a racemic mixture that is a 50:50 composition of the (R)-bicalutamide and (S)-bicalutamide enantionmers. Bicalutamide binds to the androgen receptor.", "Bicalutamide is an Androgen Receptor Inhibitor. The mechanism of action of bicalutamide is as an Androgen Receptor Antagonist.", "Bicalutamide is a nonsteroidal antiandrogen similar in structure to flutamide that is used widely in the therapy of prostate cancer and has been linked to rare instances of liver injury.", "Bicalutamide is a synthetic, nonsteroidal antiandrogen.  Bicalutamide competitively binds to cytosolic androgen receptors in target tissues, thereby inhibiting the receptor binding of androgens. This agent does not bind to most mutated forms of androgen receptors. (NCI04)", "Bicalutamide is an oral non-steroidal anti-androgen for prostate cancer. It binds to the androgen receptor."]], ["Biperiden", "C1CCN(CC1)CCC(C2CC3CC2C=C3)(C4=CC=CC=C4)O", ["Biperiden is a member of the class of piperidines that is N-propylpiperidine in which the methyl hydrogens have been replaced by hydroxy, phenyl, and 5-norbornen-2-yl groups. A muscarinic antagonist affecting both the central and peripheral nervous systems, it is used in the treatment of all forms of Parkinson's disease. It has a role as a muscarinic antagonist, a parasympatholytic, an antiparkinson drug, an antidyskinesia agent and an antidote to sarin poisoning. It is a member of piperidines, a tertiary amino compound and a tertiary alcohol.", "A muscarinic antagonist that has effects in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. It has been used in the treatment of arteriosclerotic, idiopathic, and postencephalitic parkinsonism. It has also been used to alleviate extrapyramidal symptoms induced by phenothiazine derivatives and reserpine.", "Biperiden is an Anticholinergic. The mechanism of action of biperiden is as a Cholinergic Antagonist.", "Biperiden is an oral anticholinergic agent used predominantly in the symptomatic therapy of Parkinson disease and movement disorders. Biperiden has not been associated with serum enzyme elevations during treatment and must be a very rare cause of clinically apparent acute liver injury, if it occurs at all.", "A muscarinic antagonist that has effects in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. It has been used in the treatment of arteriosclerotic, idiopathic, and postencephalitic parkinsonism. It has also been used to alleviate extrapyramidal symptoms induced by phenothiazine derivatives and reserpine. [PubChem]", "A muscarinic antagonist that has effects in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. It has been used in the treatment of arteriosclerotic, idiopathic, and postencephalitic parkinsonism. It has also been used to alleviate extrapyramidal symptoms induced by phenothiazine derivatives and reserpine."]], ["Bisacodyl", "CC(=O)OC1=CC=C(C=C1)C(C2=CC=C(C=C2)OC(=O)C)C3=CC=CC=N3", ["Bisacodyl is a diarylmethane.", "Bisacodyl, a diphenylmethane derivative, is a commonly used over the counter stimulant laxative for occasional constipation. Both bisacodyl and [picosulfate] are metabolized to the same active metabolite bis-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-pyridyl-2-methane (BHPM).  Bisacodyl was patented on 25 September 1956 but has been used as a laxative since 1952.", "Bisacodyl is a Stimulant Laxative. The physiologic effect of bisacodyl is by means of Increased Large Intestinal Motility, and Stimulation Large Intestine Fluid/Electrolyte Secretion.", "Bisacodyl is commonly used, over-the-counter laxative used to treat constipation or bowel irregularity. Bisacodyl has not been associated with serum enzyme elevations during therapy or with clinically apparent liver injury with jaundice.", "Bisacodyl is a synthetic pyridinylmethylene-diacetate ester derivative stimulant laxative, Bisacodyl acts with a parasympathetic effect directly on mucosal sensory nerves, increasing peristaltic contractions. It is used for occasional constipation, in pre- and postoperative treatment, and in conditions that require facilitation of defecation. (NCI04)", "A diphenylmethane stimulant laxative used for the treatment of constipation and for bowel evacuation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p871)"]], ["Bretylium", "CC[N+](C)(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1Br", ["Bretylium is a quaternary ammonium cation having 2-bromobenzyl, ethyl and two methyl groups attached to the nitrogen. It blocks noradrenaline release from the peripheral sympathetic nervous system, and is used in emergency medicine, cardiology, and other specialties for the acute management of ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation. It has a role as an adrenergic antagonist, an anti-arrhythmia drug and an antihypertensive agent.", "Bretylium blocks the release of noradrenaline from the peripheral sympathetic nervous system, and is used in emergency medicine, cardiology, and other specialties for the acute management of ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation. The primary mode of action for bretylium is thought to be inhibition of voltage-gated K(+) channels. Recent evidence has shown that bretylium may also inhibit the Na,K-ATPase by binding to the extracellular K-site."]], ["Bromazepam", "C1C(=O)NC2=C(C=C(C=C2)Br)C(=N1)C3=CC=CC=N3", ["Bromazepam is an organic molecular entity.", "One of the benzodiazepines that is used in the treatment of anxiety disorders. It is a Schedule IV drug in the U.S. and Canada and under the Convention on Psychotropic Substances. It is a intermediate-acting benzodiazepine.", "Bromazepam is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is one of the benzodiazepines that is used in the treatment of anxiety disorders. [PubChem] It is a Schedule IV drug in the U.S. and Canada and under the Convention on Psychotropic Substances.Bromazepam binds to the GABA receptor GABA<sub>A</sub>, causing a conformational change and increasing inhibitory effects of GABA. Other neurotransmitters are not influenced.", "One of the BENZODIAZEPINES that is used in the treatment of ANXIETY DISORDERS."]], ["Bromhexine", "CN(CC1=C(C(=CC(=C1)Br)Br)N)C2CCCCC2", ["Bromhexine is a substituted aniline that is 2,4-dibromoaniline which is substituted at position 6 by a [cyclohexyl(methyl)amino]methyl group. It is used (as the monohydrochloride salt) as a mucolytic for the treatment of respiratory disorders associated with productive cough (i.e. a cough characterised by the production of sputum). It has a role as a mucolytic. It is a substituted aniline, a tertiary amino compound and an organobromine compound. It is a conjugate base of a bromhexine(1+).", "Bromhexine is mucolytic agent used for a variety of respiratory conditions associated with increased mucus secretion. It is derived from the Adhatoda vasica plant and aids in the clearance of excess mucus, improving breathing and reducing cough. It was introduced into the market in 1963, and is widely available as an over-the-counter drug in many countries. Recently, bromhexine and its metabolite [ambroxol] have garnered interest for the potential prevention and treatment of COVID-19 due to their interactions with cell receptors in the lungs.", "Bromhexine is a natural product found in Justicia adhatoda with data available.", "Bromhexine is a secretolytic, with mucolytic activity. Upon administration, bromhexine increases lysosomal activity and enhances hydrolysis of acid mucopolysaccharide polymers in the respiratory tract. This increases the production of serous mucus in the respiratory tract, which makes the phlegm thinner and decreases mucus viscosity. This contributes to its secretomotoric effect, and allows the cilia to more easily transport the phlegm out of the lungs. This clears mucus from the respiratory tract and may aid in the treatment of respiratory disorders associated with abnormal viscid mucus, excessive mucus secretion and impaired mucus transport.", "A mucolytic agent used in the treatment of respiratory disorders associated with viscid or excessive mucus. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p744)"]], ["Bromazine", "CN(C)CCOC(C1=CC=CC=C1)C2=CC=C(C=C2)Br", ["Bromazine is a tertiary amino compound that is the 4-bromobenzhydryl ether of 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol. An antihistamine with antimicrobial properties, it is used in the control of cutaneous allergies. It has a role as an antimicrobial agent, a muscarinic antagonist and a H1-receptor antagonist. It is a tertiary amino compound and an organobromine compound. It contains a bromazine hydrochloride.", "Bromodiphenhydramine is an ethanolamine antihistamine with antimicrobial property. Bromodiphenhydramine is used in the control of cutaneous allergies. Ethanolamine antihistamines produce marked sedation in most patients.", "Bromodiphenhydramine is a brominated derivative of diphenhydramine, an ethanolamine derivative and histamine H1 receptor antagonist with anti-allergic, sedative, antiemetic and anticholinergic properties. Bromazine competitively and selectively blocks central and peripheral histamine H1 receptors, thereby alleviating the symptoms caused by endogenous histamine on bronchial, capillary and gastrointestinal (GI) smooth muscles. This prevents histamine-induced bronchoconstriction, vasodilation, increased capillary permeability, itching, and spasmodic contractions of GI smooth muscle. In addition, bromazine binds to and blocks peripheral and central muscarinic receptors.", "Bromodiphenhydramine is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is an ethanolamine antihistamine with antimicrobial property. Bromodiphenhydramine is used in the control of cutaneous allergies. Ethanolamine antihistamines produce marked sedation in most patients. Bromodiphenhydramine competes with free histamine for binding at HA-receptor sites. This antagonizes the effects of histamine on HA-receptors, leading to a reduction of the negative symptoms brought on by histamine HA-receptor binding."]], ["Bromperidol", "C1CN(CCC1(C2=CC=C(C=C2)Br)O)CCCC(=O)C3=CC=C(C=C3)F", ["Bromperidol is an aromatic ketone.", "Bromperidol has been used in trials studying the treatment of Dementia, Depression, Schizophrenia, Anxiety Disorders, and Psychosomatic Disorders, among others."]], ["Brotizolam", "CC1=NN=C2N1C3=C(C=C(S3)Br)C(=NC2)C4=CC=CC=C4Cl", ["Brotizolam is an organic molecular entity.", "Brotizolam is a sedative-hypnotic thienodiazepine drug which is a benzodiazepine analog. It demonstrates anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, hypnotic, sedative and skeletal muscle relaxant effects. Brotizolam has similar effects to short-acting benzodiazepines such as triazolam. Brotizolam is indicated for 2-4 weeks of treatment for severe or debilitating insomnia. Brotizolam is an extremely potent drug and it is rapidly eliminated with an average half-life of 4.4 hours (range 3.6 - 7.9 hours).  Brotizolam is not approved for sale in the UK, United States or Canada but is sold in the Netherlands, Germany, Spain, Belgium, Austria, Portugal, Israel, Italy and Japan.", "Brotizolam is a triazolo-benzodiazepine derivative with sedative, hypnotic, anxiolytic and anticonvulsant activities. Brotizolam binds to the benzodiazepine binding site on the gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA)-A receptor in the central nervous system (CNS). This leads to an increase in the opening of chloride channels, membrane hyperpolarization and increases the inhibitory effect of GABA on the CNS.", "Brotizolam is a sedative-hypnotic thienodiazepine drug which is a benzodiazepine analog. It possesses anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, hypnotic, sedative and skeletal muscle relaxant properties, and is considered to be similar in effect to short-acting benzodiazepines such as triazolam. It is used in the short term treatment of severe or debilitating insomnia. Brotizolam is an extremely potent drug and it is rapidly eliminated with an average half-life of 4.4 hours (range 3.6 - 7.9 hours). Brotizolam is not approved for sale in the UK, United States or Canada. It is approved for sale in the Netherlands, Germany, Spain, Belgium, Austria, Portugal, Israel, Italy and Japan."]], ["6b-Glycoloyl-5-hydroxy-4a,6a-dimethyl-8-propyl-4a,4b,5,6,6a,6b,9a,10,10a,10b,11,12-dodecahydro-2H-naphtho[2',1':4,5]indeno[1,2-d][1,3]dioxol-2-one", "CCCC1OC2CC3C4CCC5=CC(=O)C=CC5(C4C(CC3(C2(O1)C(=O)CO)C)O)C", ["LSM-1835 is a 21-hydroxy steroid."]], ["Bufexamac", "CCCCOC1=CC=C(C=C1)CC(=O)NO", ["Bufexamac is a hydroxamic acid derived from phenylacetamide in which the benzene moiety is substituted at C-4 by a butoxy group. It has anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic properties. It has a role as a non-narcotic analgesic, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and an antipyretic. It is a hydroxamic acid and an aromatic ether.", "Bufexamac is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) under the market name Droxaryl, Malipuran, Paraderm and Parfenac. It is typically administered topically for the treatment of subacute and chronic eczema of the skin, including atopic eczema and other inflammatory dermatoses, as well as sunburn and other minor burns, and itching. It has also been used in suppositories in combination with local anaesthetics indicated for haemorrhoids. The use of bufexamac has been discontinued in Canada and the United States, which may be due to undetermined clinical efficacy and a high prevalence of contact sensitization. Bufexamac was also withdrawn by the EMA in April 2010.", "A benzeneacetamide with anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic action. It is administered topically, orally, or rectally."]], ["Bumetanide", "CCCCNC1=C(C(=CC(=C1)C(=O)O)S(=O)(=O)N)OC2=CC=CC=C2", ["Bumetanide is a member of the class of benzoic acids that is 4-phenoxybenzoic acid in which the hydrogens ortho to the phenoxy group are substituted by butylamino and sulfamoyl groups. Bumetanide is a diuretic, and is used for treatment of oedema associated with congestive heart failure, hepatic and renal disease. It has a role as a diuretic and an EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitor. It is a sulfonamide, an amino acid and a member of benzoic acids.", "Bumetanide  is a sulfamyl diuretic.", "Bumetanide is a Loop Diuretic. The physiologic effect of bumetanide is by means of Increased Diuresis at Loop of Henle.", "Bumetanide is a potent sulfamoylanthranilic acid derivative belonging to the class of loop diuretics. In the brain, bumetanide may prevent seizures in neonates by blocking the bumetanide-sensitive sodium-potassium-chloride cotransporter (NKCC1), thereby inhibiting chloride uptake thus, decreasing the internal chloride concentration in neurons and may block the excitatory effect of GABA in neonates.", "A sulfamyl diuretic."]], ["Bunazosin", "CCCC(=O)N1CCCN(CC1)C2=NC3=CC(=C(C=C3C(=N2)N)OC)OC", ["Bunazosin is a member of quinazolines.", "Bunazosin has been used in trials studying the treatment of High Blood Pressure."]], ["Bupranolol", "CC1=CC(=C(C=C1)Cl)OCC(CNC(C)(C)C)O", ["Bupranolol is an aromatic ether.", "Bupranolol is a non-selective beta blocker with potency similar to [propanolol]. It does not have intrinsic sympathomimetic activity (ISA), but does have strong membrane stabilizing activity.", "An adrenergic-beta-2 antagonist that has been used for cardiac arrhythmia, angina pectoris, hypertension, glaucoma, and as an antithrombotic."]], ["Buspirone", "C1CCC2(C1)CC(=O)N(C(=O)C2)CCCCN3CCN(CC3)C4=NC=CC=N4", ["Buspirone is an azaspiro compound that is 8-azaspiro[4.5]decane-7,9-dione substituted at the nitrogen atom by a 4-(piperazin-1-yl)butyl group which in turn is substituted by a pyrimidin-2-yl group at the N(4) position. It has a role as an anxiolytic drug, a sedative, a serotonergic agonist and an EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor. It is an azaspiro compound, a member of pyrimidines, a N-arylpiperazine, a N-alkylpiperazine, a member of piperidones and an organic heteropolycyclic compound. It is a conjugate base of a buspirone(1+).", "Buspirone is a novel anxiolytic agent with a unique structure and a pharmacological profile. Belonging to the azaspirodecanedione drug class, buspirone is a serotonin 5-HT1A receptor agonist that is not chemically or pharmacologically related to benzodiazepines, barbiturates, and other sedative/anxiolytic drugs. Unlike many drugs used to treat anxiety, buspirone does not exhibit anticonvulsant, sedative, hypnotic, and muscle-relaxant properties. Due to these characteristics, buspirone been termed 'anxioselective'. First synthesized in 1968 then patented in 1975, it is commonly marketed under the brand name Buspar\u00ae. Buspirone was first approved in 1986 by the FDA and has been used to treat anxiety disorders, such as generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), and relieve symptoms of anxiety. It has also been used as a second-line therapy for unipolar depression when the use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) is deemed clinically inadequate or inappropriate. The potential use of buspirone in combination with [melatonin] in depression and cognitive impairment via promoting neurogenesis has also been investigated.", "Buspirone is a psychoactive drug used for management of general anxiety disorders and alleviation of the symptoms of anxiety. Despite wide scale use, it is an infrequent cause of serum enzyme elevations and has not been linked to instances of clinically apparent liver injury with jaundice.", "Buspirone is an anxiolytic agent chemically and pharmacologically unrelated to benzodiazepines, barbiturates, or other sedative/hypnotic drugs.  Although its exact mechanism of action is unknown, buspirone may exert its anti-anxiety effects via serotonin (5-HT1A) and dopamine receptors (D2) and may indirectly affect other neurotransmitter systems. Unlike typical benzodiazepine anxiolytics, this agent does not exert anticonvulsant or muscle relaxant effects and lacks prominent sedative effects.", "Buspirone is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is an anxiolytic agent and a serotonin receptor agonist belonging to the azaspirodecanedione class of compounds. Its structure is unrelated to those of the benzodiazepines, but it has an efficacy comparable to diazepam. Buspirone binds to 5-HT type 1A serotonin receptors on presynaptic neurons in the dorsal raphe and on postsynaptic neurons in the hippocampus, thus inhibiting the firing rate of 5-HT-containing neurons in the dorsal raphe. Buspirone also binds at dopamine type 2 (DA2) receptors, blocking presynaptic dopamine receptors. Buspirone increases firing in the locus ceruleus, an area of brain where norepinephrine cell bodies are found in high concentration. The net result of buspirone actions is that serotonergic activity is suppressed while noradrenergic and dopaminergic cell firing is enhanced.", "An anxiolytic agent and serotonin receptor agonist belonging to the azaspirodecanedione class of compounds. Its structure is unrelated to those of the BENZODIAZAPINES, but it has an efficacy comparable to DIAZEPAM."]], ["Butenafine", "CC(C)(C)C1=CC=C(C=C1)CN(C)CC2=CC=CC3=CC=CC=C32", ["Butenafine is trimethylamine in which hydrogen atoms attached to different methyl groups are substituted by 1-naphthyl and 4-tert-butylphenyl groups. It is an inhibitor of squalene epoxidase, an enzyme responsible for the creation of sterols needed in fungal cell membranes, and is used as its hydrochloride salt for treatment of dermatological fungal infections. It has a role as an EC 1.14.13.132 (squalene monooxygenase) inhibitor and an antifungal drug. It is a tertiary amine and a member of naphthalenes.", "Butenafine hydrochloride is a synthetic benzylamine antifungal agent. Butenafine's mechanism of action is believed to involve the synthesis inhibition of sterols. In particular, butenafine acts to inhibit the activity of the squalene epoxidase enzyme that is essential in the formation of sterols necessary for fungal cell membranes.", "Butenafine is a Benzylamine Antifungal."]], ["Cacodylic acid", "C[As](=O)(C)O", ["Cacodylic acid appears as a colorless, odorless crystalline solid. Melting point 195-196 \u00b0C. Toxic by ingestion and irritating to skin and eyes.", "Dimethylarsinic acid is the organoarsenic compound that is arsenic acid substituted on the central arsenic atom with two methyl groups. It has a role as a xenobiotic metabolite. It is functionally related to an arsinic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a dimethylarsinate.", "Cacodylic acid is a natural product found in Sargassum lacerifolium, Euglena gracilis, and Codium fragile with data available.", "An arsenical that has been used as a dermatologic agent and as an herbicide."]], ["Metrizoic acid", "CC(=O)NC1=C(C(=C(C(=C1I)C(=O)O)I)N(C)C(=O)C)I", ["Metrizoic acid is a monocarboxylic acid. It has a role as a radioopaque medium.", "Metrizoic acid is a molecule used as a contrast medium. It present a higher risk of allergic reactions due to its high osmolality. Its approval has been discontinued by the FDA.  One study in 1976 demonstrated that metrizoic acid, when used for cardiac angiography, was well tolerated.  A total of 10, 000 injections were administered to 2,028 patients undergoing angiocardiographic procedures over a three-year period. With two exceptions, all complications occurred during injection of the right coronary artery. Seven cases of ventricular fibrillation, and 5 of significant bradycardia/asystole, were associated with metrizoic acid injection.  In general, the drug was well tolerated by patients during cardiac examinations.", "Metrizoic acid is a Radiographic Contrast Agent. The mechanism of action of metrizoic acid is as a X-Ray Contrast Activity.", "A diagnostic radiopaque that usually occurs as the sodium salt."]], ["Camostat", "CN(C)C(=O)COC(=O)CC1=CC=C(C=C1)OC(=O)C2=CC=C(C=C2)N=C(N)N", ["Camostat is a benzoate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-guanidinobenzoic acid with the hydroxy group of 2-(dimethylamino)-2-oxoethyl (4-hydroxyphenyl)acetate. It is a potent inhibitor of the human transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) and its mesylate salt is currently under investigation for its effectiveness in COVID-19 patients. It has a role as an anticoronaviral agent, a serine protease inhibitor, an antifibrinolytic drug, an anti-inflammatory agent, an antiviral agent, an antihypertensive agent and an antineoplastic agent. It is a tertiary carboxamide, a carboxylic ester, a diester, a member of guanidines and a benzoate ester. It is functionally related to a 4-guanidinobenzoic acid. It is a conjugate base of a camostat(1+).", "Camostat mesylate, or FOY-305, is a synthetic serine protease inhibitor. It was first described in the literature in 1981, as part of research on the inhibition of skin tumors in mice. Camostat mesylate inhibits cholecystokinin, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and serine proteases, leading to it being investigated for multiple indications including the treatment of COVID-19.  Camostat mesylate was first approved in Japan in January 2006.", "Camostat is an orally bioavailable, synthetic serine protease inhibitor, with anti-inflammatory, antifibrotic, and potential antiviral activities. Upon oral administration, camostat and its metabolite 4-(4-guanidinobenzoyloxyl)phenyl acetic acid (FOY 251) inhibit the activities of a variety of proteases, including trypsin, kallikrein, thrombin and plasmin, and C1r- and C1 esterases. Although the mechanism of action of camostat is not fully understood, trypsinogen activation in the pancreas is known to be a trigger reaction in the development of pancreatitis. Camostat blocks the activation of trypsinogen to trypsin and the inflammatory cascade that follows. Camostat may also suppress the expression of the cytokines interleukin-1beta (IL-1b), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), along with alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA). This reduces inflammation and fibrosis of the pancreas. In addition, camostat may inhibit the activity of transmembrane protease, serine 2 (TMPRSS2), a host cell serine protease that mediates viral cell entry for influenza virus and coronavirus, thereby inhibiting viral infection and replication."]], ["Carbamylcholine", "C[N+](C)(C)CCOC(=O)N", ["Carbamoylcholine, also known as carbachol, is a muscarinic agonist discovered in 1932. Carbamoylcholine was initially used as a treatment for migraines, induction of diuresis, and other parasympathetic effects.  Carbamoylcholine was granted FDA approval on 28 September 1972.", "Carbamoylcholine is a Cholinergic Receptor Agonist. The mechanism of action of carbamoylcholine is as a Cholinergic Agonist.", "A slowly hydrolyzed CHOLINERGIC AGONIST that acts at both MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS and NICOTINIC RECEPTORS."]], ["Carbazochrome", "CN1CC(C2=CC(=C(C=C21)O)N=NC(=O)N)O", ["Carbazochrome is a member of indoles. It is functionally related to a semicarbazide.", "Carbazochrome is a hemostatic agent that promotes clotting, preventing blood loss from open wounds. It is an oxidation product of adrenaline which enhances the microcirculatory tone. In the future this may prevent excessive blood flow during surgical operations and the treatment of hemorrhoids, but research on effectiveness and severity of side effects remains inconclusive. It is not FDA-approved but is available as tablets or IM/SC injections in the treatment of hemorrhages in a number of countries.  Carbazochrome has been investigated for use in the treatment of non-surgical acute uncomplicated hemorrhoids in a mixture with [DB13124], and this combination therapy demonstrated efficacy and safe tolerability either at a local or systemic level."]], ["Carbetapentane", "CCN(CC)CCOCCOC(=O)C1(CCCC1)C2=CC=CC=C2", ["1-phenyl-1-cyclopentanecarboxylic acid 2-[2-(diethylamino)ethoxy]ethyl ester is a member of benzenes.", "Pentoxyverine, also referred to as carbetapentane, is a non-opioid central acting antitussive with antimuscarinic, anticonvulsant, and local anesthetic properties. It is an active ingredient in over-the-counter cough suppressants in combination with guaifenesin and H1-receptor antagonists. Pentoxyverine acts on sigma-1 receptors, as well as kappa and mu-opioid receptors.  The FDA withdrew the use of all oral gel drug products containing pentoxyverine citrate. Other forms of pentoxyverine citrate continue to be marketed."]], ["Carbinoxamine", "CN(C)CCOC(C1=CC=C(C=C1)Cl)C2=CC=CC=N2", ["Carbinoxamine is an organochlorine compound that is 2-(4-chlorobenzyl)pyridine in which one of the benzylic hydrogens is substituted by 2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy group. It is an ethanolamine-type antihistamine, used as its maleate salt for treating hay fever, as well as mild cases of Parkinson's disease. It has a role as a H1-receptor antagonist, an anti-allergic agent, a muscarinic antagonist and an antiparkinson drug. It is a member of pyridines, a tertiary amino compound and a member of monochlorobenzenes.", "Carbinoxamine is a first generation antihistamine that competes with free histamine for binding at HA-receptor sites. This antagonizes the effects of histamine on HA-receptors, leading to a reduction of the negative symptoms brought on by histamine HA-receptor binding. The product label for carbinoxamine as an over the counter cough and cold medicine is being modified to state \"do not use\" in children under 4 years of age in order to prevent and reduce misuse, as many unapproved carbinoxamine-containing preparations contained inappropriate labeling, which promoted unapproved uses (including management of congestion, cough, the common cold, and the use in children under 2 years of age), which can potentially cause serious health risks.", "Carbinoxamine is a Histamine-1 Receptor Antagonist. The mechanism of action of carbinoxamine is as a Histamine H1 Receptor Antagonist.", "Carbinoxamine is a first generation antihistamine that is used for symptoms of allergic rhinitis and the common cold. Carbinoxamine has not been linked to instances of clinically apparent acute liver injury.", "Carbinoxamine is a first generation antihistamine that competes with free histamine for binding at HA-receptor sites. This antagonizes the effects of histamine on HA-receptors, leading to a reduction of the negative symptoms brought on by histamine HA-receptor binding. The product label for carbinoxamine as an over the counter cough and cold medicine is being modified to state \"do not use\" in children under 4 years of age in order to prevent and reduce misuse, as many unapproved carbinoxamine-containing preparations contained inappropriate labeling, which promoted unapproved uses (including management of congestion, cough, the common cold, and the use in children under 2 years of age), which can potentially cause serious health risks."]], ["Carprofen", "CC(C1=CC2=C(C=C1)C3=C(N2)C=CC(=C3)Cl)C(=O)O", ["Carprofen is propanoic acid in which one of the methylene hydrogens is substituted by a 6-chloro-9H-carbazol-2-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is no longer used in human medicine but is still used for treatment of arthritis in elderly dogs. It has a role as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, an EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor and a photosensitizing agent. It is a member of carbazoles and an organochlorine compound.", "Carprofen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that is used by veterinarians as a supportive treatment for the relief of arthritic symptoms in geriatric dogs. Carprofen was previously used in human medicine for over 10 years (1985-1995). It was generally well tolerated, with the majority of adverse effects being mild, such as gastro-intestinal pain and nausea, similar to those recorded with aspirin and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. It is no longer marketed for human usage, after being withdrawn on commercial grounds.", "Carprofen is a propionic acid derivate and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic activities, used exclusively in veterinary medicine. Carprofen inhibits the activity of the enzymes cyclo-oxygenase (COX) I and II, resulting in a decreased formation of precursors of prostaglandins and thromboxanes. This inhibits the formation of prostaglandins, by prostaglandin synthase, that are involved in pain, inflammation and fever. Ibuprofen also causes a decrease in the formation of thromboxane A2 synthesis, by thromboxane synthase, thereby inhibiting platelet aggregation."]], ["Carpronium", "C[N+](C)(C)CCCC(=O)OC", ["Carpronium is a methyl ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-(trimethylammonio)butanoic acid with methanol. It is a quaternary ammonium ion and a methyl ester. It is functionally related to a 4-(trimethylammonio)butanoic acid."]], ["Carteolol", "CC(C)(C)NCC(COC1=CC=CC2=C1CCC(=O)N2)O", ["Carteolol is a quinolone and a secondary alcohol. It has a role as a beta-adrenergic antagonist, an antihypertensive agent, an antiglaucoma drug, an anti-arrhythmia drug and a sympatholytic agent. It is a conjugate base of a carteolol(1+).", "A beta-adrenergic antagonist used as an anti-arrhythmia agent, an anti-angina agent, an antihypertensive agent, and an antiglaucoma agent.", "Carteolol is a beta-Adrenergic Blocker. The mechanism of action of carteolol is as an Adrenergic beta-Antagonist.", "Carteolol is a synthetic quinolinone derivative and nonselective beta-adrenoceptor blocking agent with anti-glaucoma activity. Upon topical administration to the eye, carteolol decreases aqueous humor production, thereby reducing intraocular pressure (IOP).", "A beta-adrenergic antagonist used as an anti-arrhythmia agent, an anti-angina agent, an antihypertensive agent, and an antiglaucoma agent."]], ["(3-Chlorophenyl)hydrazonomalononitrile", "C1=CC(=CC(=C1)Cl)NN=C(C#N)C#N", ["CCCP is a member of the class of monochlorobenzenes that is benzene substituted by 2-(1,3-dinitrilopropan-2-ylidene)hydrazinyl and chloro groups at positions 1 and 3, respectively. It is a mitochondrial depolarizing agent that induces reactive oxygen species mediated cell death. It has a role as a geroprotector, an antibacterial agent and an ionophore. It is a nitrile, a hydrazone and a member of monochlorobenzenes. It is functionally related to a hydrazonomalononitrile.", "Carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone is a chemical compound of cyanide.", "A proton ionophore. It is commonly used as an uncoupling agent and inhibitor of photosynthesis because of its effects on mitochondrial and chloroplast membranes."]], ["Lilly 99638", "C1C(=C(N2C(S1)C(C2=O)NC(=O)C(C3=CC=CC=C3)N)C(=O)O)Cl", ["Semisynthetic, broad-spectrum antibiotic derivative of CEPHALEXIN."]], ["Celiprolol", "CCN(CC)C(=O)NC1=CC(=C(C=C1)OCC(CNC(C)(C)C)O)C(=O)C", ["3-[3-acetyl-4-[3-(tert-butylamino)-2-hydroxypropoxy]phenyl]-1,1-diethylurea is an aromatic ketone.", "Celiprolol is indicated for the management of mild to moderate hypertension and effort-induced angina pectoris. It is simultaneously a selective \u03b21 receptor antagonist, a \u03b22 receptor partial agonist and a weak \u03b12 receptor antagonist. In 2010 a clinical trial has suggested a use for this medication in the prevention of vascular complications of a rare inherited disease called vascular Ehlers\u2013Danlos syndrome. This study demonstrated decreased incidence of arterial rupture or dissection (a specific type of arterial rupture in which the layers of the vessel separate prior to complete failure of the artery wall). Celiprolol is not approved for use by the FDA in the treatment of vascular Ehlers\u2013Danlos syndrome.", "A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic antagonist that has intrinsic sympathomimetic activity. It is used in the management of ANGINA PECTORIS and HYPERTENSION."]], ["7-[4-(4-Fluorophenyl)-5-(methoxymethyl)-2,6-di(propan-2-yl)pyridin-3-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid", "CC(C)C1=C(C(=C(C(=N1)C(C)C)COC)C2=CC=C(C=C2)F)C=CC(CC(CC(=O)O)O)O", ["7-[4-(4-Fluorophenyl)-5-(methoxymethyl)-2,6-di(propan-2-yl)pyridin-3-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid is a phenylpyridine."]], ["Cetylpyridinium", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+]1=CC=CC=C1", ["Cetylpyridinium is a pyridinium ion.", "Cetylpyridinium is a quaternary ammonium with broad-spectrum antiseptic properties. Its salt form, cetylpyridinium chloride, is typically found as an active ingredient in mouthwashes, toothpastes, lozenges, throat sprays, breath sprays, and nasal sprays. In these products, it generally mediates an antiseptic activity and protective action against dental plaque and reducing gingivitis.", "Cationic bactericidal surfactant used as a topical antiseptic for skin, wounds, mucous membranes, instruments, etc.; and also as a component in mouthwash and lozenges."]], ["Chlorcyclizine", "CN1CCN(CC1)C(C2=CC=CC=C2)C3=CC=C(C=C3)Cl", ["1-[(4-chlorophenyl)-phenylmethyl]-4-methylpiperazine is a diarylmethane.", "Chlorcyclizine is a first generation phenylpiperazine class antihistamine used to treat urticaria, rhinitis, pruritus, and other allergy symptoms. Chlorcyclizine also has some local anesthetic, anticholinergic, and antiserotonergic properties, and can be used as an antiemetic."]], ["Chlordiazepoxide", "CN=C1CN(C(=C2C=C(C=CC2=N1)Cl)C3=CC=CC=C3)O", ["7-chloro-4-hydroxy-N-methyl-5-phenyl-3H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-imine is a benzodiazepine.", "An anxiolytic benzodiazepine derivative with anticonvulsant, sedative, and amnesic properties. It has also been used in the symptomatic treatment of alcohol withdrawal.", "Chlordiazepoxide is a Benzodiazepine.", "Chlordiazepoxide is an orally available benzodiazepine used for therapy of anxiety and alcohol withdrawal syndromes. As with other benzodiazepines, chlordiazepoxide therapy is not associated with serum aminotransferase or alkaline phosphatase elevations, and clinically apparent liver injury from chlordiazepoxide has been reported, but is very rare.", "Chlordiazepoxide is a long-acting benzodiazepine with anxiolytic, sedative and hypnotic activity. Chlordiazepoxide exerts its effect by binding to the benzodiazepine site at the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor-chloride ionophore complex in the central nervous system (CNS). This leads to an increase in the opening of chloride channels, membrane hyperpolarization and increases the inhibitory effect of GABA on the CNS.", "Chlordiazepoxide is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is an anxiolytic benzodiazepine derivative with anticonvulsant, sedative, and amnesic properties. It has also been used in the symptomatic treatment of alcohol withdrawal. Chlordiazepoxide binds to stereospecific benzodiazepine (BZD) binding sites on GABA (A) receptor complexes at several sites within the central nervous system, including the limbic system and reticular formation. This results in an increased binding of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA to the GABA(A) receptor.BZDs, therefore, enhance GABA-mediated chloride influx through GABA receptor channels, causing membrane hyperpolarization. The net neuro-inhibitory effects result in the observed sedative, hypnotic, anxiolytic, and muscle relaxant properties.", "An anxiolytic benzodiazepine derivative with anticonvulsant, sedative, and amnesic properties. It has also been used in the symptomatic treatment of alcohol withdrawal."]], ["Chlorphenesin carbamate", "C1=CC(=CC=C1OCC(COC(=O)N)O)Cl", ["Chlorphenesin carbamate is the carbamate ester of the primary hydroxy group of chlorphenesin. A centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant, it is used in the symptomatic treatment of painful muscle spasm. It has a role as a muscle relaxant. It is a carbamate ester, a member of monochlorobenzenes and a secondary alcohol. It is functionally related to a chlorphenesin and a carbamic acid.", "Chlorphenesin Carbamate is the carbamate ester form of chlorphenesin, a preservative agent and centrally-acting muscle relaxant with some anti-bacterial and anti-fungal, muscle relaxing and potential antineoplastic activities. Although the exact mechanism of action (MoA) has yet to be fully elucidated, chlorphenesin may inhibit tumor cell proliferation and metastasis."]], ["Chlorzoxazone", "C1=CC2=C(C=C1Cl)NC(=O)O2", ["Chlorzoxazone is a member of the class of 1,3-benzoxazoles that is 1,3-benzoxazol-2-ol in which the hydrogen atom at position 5 is substituted by chlorine. A centrally acting muscle relaxant with sedative properties, it is used for the symptomatic treatment of painful muscle spasm. It has a role as a muscle relaxant and a sedative. It is a member of 1,3-benzoxazoles, an organochlorine compound and a heteroaryl hydroxy compound.", "A centrally acting central muscle relaxant with sedative properties. It is claimed to inhibit muscle spasm by exerting an effect primarily at the level of the spinal cord and subcortical areas of the brain. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoea, 30th ed, p1202)", "Chlorzoxazone is a Muscle Relaxant. The physiologic effect of chlorzoxazone is by means of Centrally-mediated Muscle Relaxation.", "Chlorzoxazone is a centrally acting muscle relaxant commonly used for low back pain. Chlorzoxazone has been linked to rare instances of acute liver injury, a few of which have been fatal.", "Chlorzoxazone is a benzoxazolone derivative with mild sedative and centrally-acting muscle relaxant activities. Although its exact mechanism of action is unknown, chlorzoxazone (CZ) appears to act at the spinal cord and subcortical levels of the brain to inhibit multisynaptic reflex arcs involved in producing and maintaining muscle spasms. This agent is extensively hydroxylated by cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) to 6-hydroxychlorzoxazone (HCZ),11,12 which is subsequently glucuronidated and eliminated renally. Highly selective for CYP2E1, CZ may be used as a selective probe for phenotyping CYP2E1 in humans; the ratio of HCZ-to-CZ plasma concentrations obtained 2 to 4 hours after oral administration of CZ may be used as a phenotypic measure of CYP2E1 enzymatic activity.", "A centrally acting central muscle relaxant with sedative properties. It is claimed to inhibit muscle spasm by exerting an effect primarily at the level of the spinal cord and subcortical areas of the brain. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoea, 30th ed, p1202)"]], ["1-(Diphenylmethyl)-4-(3-phenylprop-2-enyl)piperazine", "C1CN(CCN1CC=CC2=CC=CC=C2)C(C3=CC=CC=C3)C4=CC=CC=C4", ["First synthesized by Janssen Pharmaceuticals in 1955, cinnarizine is an anti-histaminic drug mainly used for the control of vestibular disorders and motion sickness. Cinnarizine is a specific calcium channel blocker that primarily works on the central vestibular system to interfere with the signal transmission between vestibular apparatus of the inner ear and the vomiting centre of the hypothalamus. Cinnarizine could be also viewed as a nootropic drug because of its vasorelaxating abilities (due to calcium channel blockage), which happen mostly in brain. Combination use of cinnarizine with other nootropics, such as [piracetam] resulted in enhanced effect of boosting brain oxygen supply."]], ["Cinoxacin", "CCN1C2=CC3=C(C=C2C(=O)C(=N1)C(=O)O)OCO3", ["Cinoxacin is a member of the class of cinnolines that is 6,7-methylenedioxycinnolin-4(1H)-one bearing an ethyl group at position 1 and a carboxylic acid group at position 3. An analogue of oxolinic acid, it has similar antibacterial actions. It was formerly used for the treatment of urinary tract infections. It has a role as an antibacterial drug and an antiinfective agent. It is a member of cinnolines, an oxo carboxylic acid and an oxacycle.", "Synthetic antimicrobial related to oxolinic acid and nalidixic acid and used in urinary tract infections.", "Synthetic antimicrobial related to OXOLINIC ACID and NALIDIXIC ACID and used in URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS."]], ["Ciprofibrate", "CC(C)(C(=O)O)OC1=CC=C(C=C1)C2CC2(Cl)Cl", ["Ciprofibrate is a monocarboxylic acid, a member of cyclopropanes and an organochlorine compound. It has a role as an antilipemic drug.", "Ciprofibrate is a fibrate derivative with antilipidemic activity."]], ["Ciprofloxacin", "C1CC1N2C=C(C(=O)C3=CC(=C(C=C32)N4CCNCC4)F)C(=O)O", ["Ciprofloxacin is a quinolone that is quinolin-4(1H)-one bearing cyclopropyl, carboxylic acid, fluoro and piperazin-1-yl substituents at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7, respectively. It has a role as an antiinfective agent, a topoisomerase IV inhibitor, an antibacterial drug, an EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor, a DNA synthesis inhibitor, an antimicrobial agent, an environmental contaminant and a xenobiotic. It is a quinolone antibiotic, a fluoroquinolone antibiotic, a member of cyclopropanes, a N-arylpiperazine, a quinolone, an aminoquinoline and a quinolinemonocarboxylic acid. It is a conjugate base of a ciprofloxacin(1+). It is a tautomer of a ciprofloxacin zwitterion.", "Ciprofloxacin is an antibacterial prescription medicine approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment and prevention of several infections caused by certain types of bacteria, for example, certain urinary tract infections, lower respiratory tract infections, and skin infections.", "Ciprofloxacin is a second generation fluoroquinolone that has spawned many derivative antibiotics. It is formulated for oral, intravenous, intratympanic, ophthalmic, and otic administration for a number of bacterial infections.  The first ciprofloxacin containing product was FDA approved on 22 October 1987.", "Ciprofloxacin is a Fluoroquinolone Antibacterial. The mechanism of action of ciprofloxacin is as a Cytochrome P450 1A2 Inhibitor.", "Ciprofloxacin is a second generation fluoroquinolone antibiotic that is widely used in the therapy of mild-to-moderate urinary and respiratory tract infections caused by susceptible organisms. Ciprofloxacin has been linked to rare but convincing instances of liver injury that can be severe and even fatal.", "Ciprofloxacin is a synthetic broad spectrum fluoroquinolone antibiotic. Ciprofloxacin binds to and inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase, an enzyme essential for DNA replication.  This agent is more active against Gram-negative bacteria than Gram-positive bacteria. (NCI04)", "Ciprofloxacin is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial carboxyfluoroquinoline. The bactericidal action of ciprofloxacin results from inhibition of the enzymes topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) and topoisomerase IV, which are required for bacterial DNA replication, transcription, repair, strand supercoiling repair, and recombination.", "A broad-spectrum antimicrobial carboxyfluoroquinoline."]], ["Clemastinum", "CC(C1=CC=CC=C1)(C2=CC=C(C=C2)Cl)OCCC3CCCN3C", ["A histamine H1 antagonist used as the hydrogen fumarate in hay fever, rhinitis, allergic skin conditions, and pruritus. It causes drowsiness."]], ["Clenbuterol", "CC(C)(C)NCC(C1=CC(=C(C(=C1)Cl)N)Cl)O", ["Clenbuterol is a substituted aniline that is 2,6-dichloroaniline in which the hydrogen at position 4 has been replaced by a 2-(tert-butylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl group. It has a role as a bronchodilator agent, a beta-adrenergic agonist and a sympathomimetic agent. It is a member of ethanolamines, a primary arylamine, a secondary amino compound, an amino alcohol, a substituted aniline and a dichlorobenzene. It is a conjugate base of a clenbuterol(1+).", "A substituted phenylaminoethanol that has beta-2 adrenomimetic properties at very low doses. It is used as a bronchodilator in asthma.", "Clenbuterol is a substituted phenylaminoethanol and a long-acting beta-2 adrenergic agonist with sympathomimetic activity. Clenbuterol selectively binds to and activates beta-2 adrenergic receptors in bronchiolar smooth muscle, thereby causing stimulation of adenyl cyclase, the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to cyclic-3',5'-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). Increased intracellular cAMP levels cause relaxation of smooth muscle. In addition, clenbuterol also stimulates central nervous system (CNS), and causes an increase in blood pressure and heart rate due to both beta-2 and beta-1 adrenergic activities. This agent may also exert an anabolic or anti-catabolic effect due to as of yet unidentified mechanisms.", "A substituted phenylaminoethanol that has beta-2 adrenomimetic properties at very low doses. It is used as a bronchodilator in asthma."]], ["Clidinium", "C[N+]12CCC(CC1)C(C2)OC(=O)C(C3=CC=CC=C3)(C4=CC=CC=C4)O", ["Clidinium is the ester resulting from formal condensation of benzilic acid and 3-hydroxy-1-methyl-1-azoniabicyclo[2.2.2]octane. It is used, generally as the bromide, for the symptomatic treatment of peptic ulcer disease and also to help relieve abdominal or stomach spasms or cramps due to colicky abdominal pain, diverticulitis, and irritable bowel syndrome. It has a role as a parasympatholytic, an antispasmodic drug and an anti-arrhythmia drug. It is a quaternary ammonium ion, a carboxylic ester and an organic cation. It is functionally related to a benzilic acid and a 3-quinuclidinol.", "Clidinium is a synthetic anticholinergic agent which has been shown in experimental and clinical studies to have a pronounced antispasmodic and antisecretory effect on the gastrointestinal tract. It inhibits muscarinic actions of acetylcholine at postganglionic parasympathetic neuroeffector sites. It is used for the treatment of peptic ulcer disease and also to help relieve abdominal or stomach spasms or cramps due to colicky abdominal pain, diverticulitis, and irritable bowel syndrome.", "Clidinium is an Anticholinergic. The mechanism of action of clidinium is as a Cholinergic Antagonist. The physiologic effect of clidinium is by means of Decreased Parasympathetic Acetylcholine Activity, and GI Motility Alteration, and Digestive/GI System Activity Alteration."]], ["N-{2-chloro-1-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(methylsulfanyl)oxan-2-yl]propyl}-1-methyl-4-propylpyrrolidine-2-carboxamide", "CCCC1CC(N(C1)C)C(=O)NC(C2C(C(C(C(O2)SC)O)O)O)C(C)Cl", ["N-[2-chloro-1-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(methylthio)-2-oxanyl]propyl]-1-methyl-4-propyl-2-pyrrolidinecarboxamide is a proline derivative.", "An antibacterial agent that is a semisynthetic analog of LINCOMYCIN."]], ["Chlophedianol", "CN(C)CCC(C1=CC=CC=C1)(C2=CC=CC=C2Cl)O", ["Clofedanol is a diarylmethane that is 2-chlorophenyl(phenyl)methane substituted on the methane carbon by a 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl group. Used in the treatment of dry cough, it suppresses the cough reflex by a direct effect on the cough centre in the medulla of the brain. It has a role as an antitussive. It is a diarylmethane and a tertiary amino compound. It is a conjugate base of a clofedanol(1+).", "Clofedanol is a centrally-acting cough suppressant available in Canada under the trade name Ulone. It is not available in the United States.", "Chlophedianol is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a centrally-acting cough suppressant available in Canada under the trade name Ulone. It is not available in the United States. Chlophedianol suppresses the cough reflex by a direct effect on the cough center in the medulla of the brain."]], ["Clofoctol", "CC(C)(C)CC(C)(C)C1=CC(=C(C=C1)O)CC2=C(C=C(C=C2)Cl)Cl", ["2-[(2,4-dichlorophenyl)methyl]-4-(2,4,4-trimethylpentan-2-yl)phenol is a diarylmethane.", "Clofoctol is a bacteriostatic antibiotic with activity against Gram-positive bacteria. Clofoctol is used in the treatment of upper and lower respiratory tract infections."]], ["Clomifene", "CCN(CC)CCOC1=CC=C(C=C1)C(=C(C2=CC=CC=C2)Cl)C3=CC=CC=C3", ["A triphenyl ethylene stilbene derivative which is an estrogen agonist or antagonist depending on the target tissue.", "Clomiphene is an oral agent used to treat infertility in women desiring pregnancy. Clomiphene has been linked to a low rate of transient serum aminotransferase elevations during therapy and to rare instances of clinically apparent liver injury, which can be severe and even fatal.", "Clomiphene is a triphenylethylene nonsteroidal ovulatory stimulant evaluated for antineoplastic activity against breast cancer.  Clomiphene has both estrogenic and anti-estrogenic activities that compete with estrogen for binding at estrogen receptor sites in target tissues.  This agent causes the release of the pituitary gonadotropins follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), leading to ovulation. (NCI04)", "A triphenyl ethylene stilbene derivative which is an estrogen agonist or antagonist depending on the target tissue. Note that ENCLOMIPHENE and ZUCLOMIPHENE are the (E) and (Z) isomers of Clomiphene respectively."]], ["Clonazepam", "C1C(=O)NC2=C(C=C(C=C2)[N+](=O)[O-])C(=N1)C3=CC=CC=C3Cl", ["Clonazepam is 1,3-Dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one in which the hydrogens at positions 5 and 7 are substituted by 2-chlorophenyl and nitro groups, respectively. It is used in the treatment of all types of epilepsy and seizures, as well as myoclonus and associated abnormal movements, and panic disorders. However, its use can be limited by the development of tolerance and by sedation. It has a role as an anticonvulsant, a GABA modulator and an anxiolytic drug. It is a 1,4-benzodiazepinone and a member of monochlorobenzenes.", "A benzodiazepine used to treat various seizures, including myotonic or atonic seizures, photosensitive epilepsy, and absence seizures, although tolerance may develop. The agent has also been indicated for treating panic disorder. The mechanism of action appears to involve the enhancement of gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor responses.  Since being first patented in 1960 and then released for sale from Roche in the US in 1975, clonazepam has experienced a storied history in the treatment of the aforementioned medical conditions. Now available as a generic medication, the agent continues to see exceptionally high use as millions of prescriptions are written for the medication internationally every year. Unfortunately, however, like most benzodiazepines, clonazepam use has also been associated with recreational use and drug abuse.", "Clonazepam is a Benzodiazepine.", "Clonazepam is a benzodiazepine used predominantly as an anticonvulsant as adjunctive therapy in management of epilepsy. Therapy with clonazepam is not associated with serum aminotransferase elevations, and clinically apparent liver injury from clonazepam, if it occurs at all, must be exceedingly rare.", "Clonazepam is a synthetic benzodiazepine derivative used for myotonic or atonic seizures, absence seizures, and photosensitive epilepsy, anticonvulsant Clonazepam appears to enhance gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor responses, although its mechanism of action is not clearly understood. It is seldom effective in generalized tonic-clonic or partial seizures. (NCI04)", "An anticonvulsant used for several types of seizures, including myotonic or atonic seizures, photosensitive epilepsy, and absence seizures, although tolerance may develop. It is seldom effective in generalized tonic-clonic or partial seizures. The mechanism of action appears to involve the enhancement of gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor responses. [PubChem]", "An anticonvulsant used for several types of seizures, including myotonic or atonic seizures, photosensitive epilepsy, and absence seizures, although tolerance may develop. It is seldom effective in generalized tonic-clonic or partial seizures. The mechanism of action appears to involve the enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID receptor responses."]], ["Methyl 2-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(6,7-dihydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridin-5(4h)-yl)acetate", "COC(=O)C(C1=CC=CC=C1Cl)N2CCC3=C(C2)C=CS3", ["2-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(6,7-dihydro-4H-thieno[3,2-c]pyridin-5-yl)acetic acid methyl ester is an alpha-amino acid ester."]], ["Clorazepate", "C1=CC=C(C=C1)C2=NC(C(=O)NC3=C2C=C(C=C3)Cl)C(=O)O", ["Clorazepic acid is a 1,4-benzodiazepinone in which the oxo group is at position 2, and which is substituted at positions 3, 5, and 7 by carboxy, phenyl and chloro groups, respectively. It has a role as a prodrug, an anticonvulsant, an anxiolytic drug and a GABA modulator. It is a conjugate acid of a clorazepic acid anion.", "A water-soluble benzodiazepine derivative effective in the treatment of anxiety. It has also muscle relaxant and anticonvulsant actions.", "Clorazepic acid is a Benzodiazepine.", "Clorazepate is a benzodiazepine used as an anticonvulsant as adjunctive therapy in management of epilepsy and as an anxiolytic for therapy of anxiety and alcohol withdrawal. Therapy with clorazepate is not associated with serum aminotransferase elevations, and cases of clinically apparent liver injury from clorazepate have been reported but are very rare.", "Clorazepate is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a water-soluble benzodiazepine derivative effective in the treatment of anxiety. It has also muscle relaxant and anticonvulsant actions. [PubChem]Benzodiazepines bind nonspecifically to benzodiazepine receptors BNZ1, which mediates sleep, and BNZ2, which affects affects muscle relaxation, anticonvulsant activity, motor coordination, and memory. As benzodiazepine receptors are thought to be coupled to gamma-aminobutyric acid-A (GABA<sub>A</sub>) receptors, this enhances the effects of GABA by increasing GABA affinity for the GABA receptor. Binding of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA to the site opens the chloride channel, resulting in a hyperpolarized cell membrane that prevents further excitation of the cell.", "A water-soluble benzodiazepine derivative effective in the treatment of anxiety. It has also muscle relaxant and anticonvulsant actions."]], ["Clotiazepam", "CCC1=CC2=C(S1)N(C(=O)CN=C2C3=CC=CC=C3Cl)C", ["Clotiazepam is an organic molecular entity.", "Clotiazepam is a thienodiazepine, not approved for sale in the U.S. or Canada, but has been approved in the U.K. It is a schedule IV drug in Canada.", "Clotiazepam is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a benzodiazepine derivative, not approved for sale in the U.S. or Canada, but has been approved in the U.K. It is a schedule IV drug in Canada.Clotiazepam acts at the benzodiazepine receptors (BZD). This agonizes the action of GABA, increasing the frequency of opening of the channel chlorinates and penetration of the ions chlorinates through the ionophore. Increase in membrane polarization decreases the probability of discharge of neurons."]], ["Cromolyn", "C1=CC2=C(C(=C1)OCC(COC3=CC=CC4=C3C(=O)C=C(O4)C(=O)O)O)C(=O)C=C(O2)C(=O)O", ["Chromoglicic acid is a solid. (NTP, 1992)", "Cromoglycic acid is a dicarboxylic acid that is the bis-chromone derivative of glycerol. It is effective as a mast cell stabilizer. It has a role as a calcium channel blocker and an anti-asthmatic drug. It is a dicarboxylic acid and a member of chromones. It is a conjugate acid of a cromoglycate(1-).", "A chromone complex that acts by inhibiting the release of chemical mediators from sensitized mast cells. It is used in the prophylactic treatment of both allergic and exercise-induced asthma, but does not affect an established asthmatic attack.", "Cromolyn is a Mast Cell Stabilizer. The physiologic effect of cromolyn is by means of Decreased Histamine Release.", "Cromolyn is a synthetic mast cell stabilizer with anti-inflammatory activity. Cromolyn probably interferes with the antigen-mediated calcium ion influx into mast cells. This prevents mast cell degranulation, resulting in mast cell stabilization and inhibition of the release of inflammatory mediators, such as histamine and leukotrienes, which are involved in type I allergic reactions. Cromolyn also prevents inflammatory mediator release from eosinophils.", "A chromone complex that acts by inhibiting the release of chemical mediators from sensitized mast cells. It is used in the prophylactic treatment of both allergic and exercise-induced asthma, but does not affect an established asthmatic attack."]], ["Crotaglin", "CCN(C1=CC=CC=C1C)C(=O)C=CC", ["Crotamiton is a scabicidal and antipruritic agent available as a cream or lotion for topical use only. It is a colorless to slightly yellowish oil, having a faint amine-like odor. It is miscible with alcohol and with methanol."]], ["Cyclandelate", "CC1CC(CC(C1)(C)C)OC(=O)C(C2=CC=CC=C2)O", ["Cyclandelate is the ester obtained by formal condensation of mandelic acid and 3,3,5-tricyclohexanol. It is a direct-acting smooth muscle relaxant used to dilate blood vessels. It has a role as a vasodilator agent. It is a carboxylic ester and a secondary alcohol. It is functionally related to a mandelic acid and a 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexanol.", "A direct-acting smooth muscle relaxant used to dilate blood vessels. It may cause gastrointestinal distress and tachycardia. Cyclandelate is not approved for use in the U.S. or Canada, but is approved in various European countries.", "A direct-acting SMOOTH MUSCLE relaxant used to dilate BLOOD VESSELS."]], ["Cyclothiazide", "C1C2CC(C1C=C2)C3NC4=CC(=C(C=C4S(=O)(=O)N3)S(=O)(=O)N)Cl", ["Cyclothiazide is 3,4-Dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide substituted at positions 3, 5 and 6 by a 2-norbornen-5-yl group, chlorine, and a sulfonamide group, respectively. A thiazide diuretic, it has been used in the management of hypertension and oedema. It has a role as a diuretic and an antihypertensive agent.", "As a diuretic, cyclothiazide inhibits active chloride reabsorption at the early distal tubule via the Na-Cl cotransporter, resulting in an increase in the excretion of sodium, chloride, and water. Thiazides like cyclothiazide also inhibit sodium ion transport across the renal tubular epithelium through binding to the thiazide sensitive sodium-chloride transporter. This results in an increase in potassium excretion via the sodium-potassium exchange mechanism. The antihypertensive mechanism of cyclothiazide is less well understood although it may be mediated through its action on carbonic anhydrases in the smooth muscle or through its action on the large-conductance calcium-activated potassium (KCa) channel, also found in the smooth muscle. Cyclothiazide is indicated as adjunctive therapy in edema associated with congestive heart failure, hepatic cirrhosis, and corticosteroid and estrogen therapy. It is also indicated in the management of hypertension either as the sole therapeutic agent or to enhance the effectiveness of other antihypertensive drugs in the more severe forms of hypertension.", "Cyclothiazide is a benzothiadiazide belonging to the class of thiazide diuretics. Cyclothiazide is indicated as adjunctive therapy in edema and in the treatment of hypertension. In addition, this agent is capable of inhibiting rapid desensitization of the ionotropic alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid (AMPA)-type glutamate receptors, thereby potentiating glutamate responses which may induce seizures activity. Cyclothiazide was also found to inhibit gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-A receptors."]], ["Cycrimine", "C1CCN(CC1)CCC(C2CCCC2)(C3=CC=CC=C3)O", ["Cycrimine is a member of the class of piperidines that is 3-(piperidin-1-yl)propan-1-ol in which one of the hydrogen atoms at the 1-position is substituted by cyclopentyl, and the other is substituted by phenyl. A central anticholinergic, it is used as its hydrochloride salt in the management and treatment of Parkinson's disease. It has a role as an antiparkinson drug, a muscarinic antagonist and an antidyskinesia agent. It is a tertiary alcohol, a member of piperidines and a tertiary amino compound.", "Cycrimine is a drug used to reduce levels of acetylcholine to return a balance with dopamine in the treatment and management of Parkinson's disease."]], ["19-Benzyl-6,15-dihydroxy-10,17-dimethyl-16-methylidene-2-oxa-20-azatricyclo[12.7.0.01,18]henicosa-4,12-diene-3,21-dione", "CC1CCCC(C=CC(=O)OC23C(C=CC1)C(C(=C)C(C2C(NC3=O)CC4=CC=CC=C4)C)O)O", ["19-Benzyl-6,15-dihydroxy-10,17-dimethyl-16-methylidene-2-oxa-20-azatricyclo[12.7.0.01,18]henicosa-4,12-diene-3,21-dione is a natural product found in Pyrenophora dematioidea and Pyrenophora biseptata with data available."]], ["Indibulin", "C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C(=CN2CC3=CC=C(C=C3)Cl)C(=O)C(=O)NC4=CC=NC=C4", ["Indibulin is a synthetic small molecule with antimitotic and potential antineoplastic activities. Indibulin binds to a site on tubulin that is different from taxane- or Vinca alkaloid-binding sites, destabilizing tubulin polymerization and inducing tumor cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. This agent has been shown to be active against multidrug-resistant (MDR) and taxane- resistant tumor cell lines."]], ["Dacarbazine", "CN(C)N=NC1=C(NC=N1)C(=O)N", ["Dacarbazine appears as white to ivory microcrystals or off-white crystalline solid. (NTP, 1992)", "Dacarbazine is a monocarboxylic acid amide that is 1H-imidazole-4-carboxamide which is substituted at position 5 by a 3,3-dimethyltriaz-1-en-1-yl group. It is used for the treatment of metastatic malignant melanoma, and in combination with other drugs for the treatment of Hodgkin's disease and soft-tissue sarcoma. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent, an alkylating agent, a prodrug and a carcinogenic agent. It is a monocarboxylic acid amide, a member of imidazoles and a triazene derivative.", "Dacarbazine (also known as DTIC) is an intravenously administered alkylating agent used in the therapy of Hodgkin disease and malignant melanoma. Dacarbazine therapy has been associated with serum enzyme elevations during therapy and occasional cases of severe and distinctive acute hepatic failure, probably caused by acute sinusoidal obstruction syndrome.", "Dacarbazine is a triazene derivative with antineoplastic activity. Dacarbazine alkylates and cross-links DNA during all phases of the cell cycle, resulting in disruption of DNA function, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis. (NCI04)", "Dacarbazine is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is an antineoplastic agent. It has significant activity against melanomas. The mechanism of action is not known, but appears to exert cytotoxic effects via its action as an alkylating agent. Other theories include DNA synthesis inhibition by its action as a purine analog, and interaction with SH groups. Dacarbazine is not cell cycle-phase specific.", "An antineoplastic agent. It has significant activity against melanomas. (from Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed, p564)"]], ["Danatrol", "CC12CCC3C(C1CCC2(C#C)O)CCC4=CC5=C(CC34C)C=NO5", ["LSM-1379 is a steroid. It derives from a hydride of an estrane.", "A synthetic steroid with antigonadotropic and anti-estrogenic activities that acts as an anterior pituitary suppressant by inhibiting the pituitary output of gonadotropins. It possesses some androgenic properties. Danazol has been used in the treatment of endometriosis and some benign breast disorders."]], ["Dantrolene", "C1C(=O)NC(=O)N1N=CC2=CC=C(O2)C3=CC=C(C=C3)[N+](=O)[O-]", ["Crystals (in aqueous DMF). (NTP, 1992)", "Dantrolene is the hydrazone resulting from the formal condensation of 5-(4-nitrophenyl)furfural with 1-aminohydantoin. A ryanodine receptor antagonist used for the relief of chronic severe spasticity and malignant hyperthermia. It has a role as a muscle relaxant, a ryanodine receptor antagonist and a neuroprotective agent. It is an imidazolidine-2,4-dione and a hydrazone. It is a conjugate acid of a dantrolene(1-).", "Dantrolene is a muscle relaxant used for treatment of chronic spasticity that differs from other commonly used muscle relaxants in acting peripherally on muscle, rather than centrally on the spinal cord or brain. Dantrolene can cause acute liver injury which can be severe and even fatal.", "Dantrolene is a hydantoin derivative and direct-acting skeletal muscle relaxant. Dantrolene depresses excitation-contraction coupling in skeletal muscle by binding to the ryanodine receptor 1, and decreasing intracellular calcium concentration. Ryanodine receptors mediate the release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, an essential step in muscle contraction.", "Skeletal muscle relaxant that acts by interfering with excitation-contraction coupling in the muscle fiber. It is used in spasticity and other neuromuscular abnormalities. Although the mechanism of action is probably not central, dantrolene is usually grouped with the central muscle relaxants."]], ["Cerubidin", "CC1C(C(CC(O1)OC2CC(CC3=C2C(=C4C(=C3O)C(=O)C5=C(C4=O)C(=CC=C5)OC)O)(C(=O)C)O)N)O", ["9-acetyl-7-[(4-amino-5-hydroxy-6-methyl-2-oxanyl)oxy]-6,9,11-trihydroxy-4-methoxy-8,10-dihydro-7H-tetracene-5,12-dione is an anthracycline."]], ["Debrisoquine", "C1CN(CC2=CC=CC=C21)C(=N)N", ["Debrisoquin is a member of isoquinolines and a carboxamidine. It has a role as an antihypertensive agent, an adrenergic agent, a sympatholytic agent and a human metabolite.", "An adrenergic neuron-blocking drug similar in effects to guanethidine. It is also noteworthy in being a substrate for a polymorphic cytochrome P-450 enzyme. Persons with certain isoforms of this enzyme are unable to properly metabolize this and many other clinically important drugs. They are commonly referred to as having a debrisoquin 4-hydroxylase polymorphism.", "Debrisoquine is a natural product found in Euglena gracilis and Homo sapiens with data available.", "An adrenergic neuron-blocking drug similar in effects to GUANETHIDINE. It is also noteworthy in being a substrate for a polymorphic cytochrome P-450 enzyme. Persons with certain isoforms of this enzyme are unable to properly metabolize this and many other clinically important drugs. They are commonly referred to as having a debrisoquin 4-hydroxylase polymorphism."]], ["Decamethonium", "C[N+](C)(C)CCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["Decamethonium is a quaternary ammonium ion that is a depolarising muscle relaxant whose structure comprises a decane-1,10-diamine core in which each amino group carries three methyl substituents. It has a role as a muscle relaxant and a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist. It derives from a hydride of a decane.", "Decamethonium is used in anesthesia to cause paralysis. It is a short acting depolarizing muscle relaxant. It is similar to acetylcholine and acts as a partial agonist of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor."]], ["Deferoxamine", "CC(=O)N(CCCCCNC(=O)CCC(=O)N(CCCCCNC(=O)CCC(=O)N(CCCCCN)O)O)O", ["Desferrioxamine B is an acyclic desferrioxamine that is butanedioic acid in which one of the carboxy groups undergoes formal condensation with the primary amino group of N-(5-aminopentyl)-N-hydroxyacetamide and the second carboxy group undergoes formal condensation with the hydroxyamino group of N(1)-(5-aminopentyl)-N(1)-hydroxy-N(4)-[5-(hydroxyamino)pentyl]butanediamide. It is a siderophore native to Streptomyces pilosus biosynthesised by the DesABCD enzyme cluster as a high affinity Fe(III) chelator. It has a role as an iron chelator, a siderophore, a ferroptosis inhibitor and a bacterial metabolite. It is a conjugate acid of a desferrioxamine B(3-).", "Natural product isolated from Streptomyces pilosus. It forms iron complexes and is used as a chelating agent, particularly in the mesylate form.", "Deferoxamine is an Iron Chelator. The mechanism of action of deferoxamine is as an Iron Chelating Activity.", "Deferoxamine is a parenterally administered iron chelating agent used to treat transfusion related chronic iron overload. Deferoxamine rarely causes serum aminotransferase elevations during therapy and has not been convincingly linked to instances of clinically apparent liver injury.", "Deferoxamine is a natural product found in Streptomyces xinghaiensis, Streptomyces wadayamensis, and other organisms with data available.", "Deferoxamine is an iron-chelating agent that binds free iron in a stable complex, preventing it from engaging in chemical reactions. Deferoxamine chelates iron from intra-lysosomal ferritin and siderin forming ferrioxamine, a water-soluble chelate excreted by the kidneys and in the feces via the bile.  This agent does not readily bind iron from transferrin, hemoglobin, myoglobin or cytochrome. (NCI04)", "Natural product isolated from Streptomyces pilosus. It forms iron complexes and is used as a chelating agent, particularly in the mesylate form."]], ["delta-8-Tetrahydrocannabinol", "CCCCCC1=CC(=C2C3CC(=CCC3C(OC2=C1)(C)C)C)O", ["Delta-8-Tetrahydrocannabinol is an analogue of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), with potential antiemetic, anxiolytic, appetite-stimulating, analgesic, and neuroprotective activities. Delta-8-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta-8-THC) binds to the cannabinoid G-protein coupled receptor CB1, located in the central nervous system; CB1 receptor activation may inhibit adenyl cyclase, increase mitogen-activated protein kinase activities, modulate several potassium channel conductances and inhibit N- and P/Q-type Ca2+ channels. This agent exhibits a lower psychotropic potency than delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta-9-THC), the primary form of THC found in cannabis."]], ["Dequalinium", "CC1=[N+](C2=CC=CC=C2C(=C1)N)CCCCCCCCCC[N+]3=C(C=C(C4=CC=CC=C43)N)C", ["Dequalinium is a quinolinium ion comprising decane in which one methyl hydrogen at each end of the molecule has been replaced by a 4-amino-2-methylquinolin-1-yl group. It has a role as an antifungal agent, an antineoplastic agent, an antiseptic drug and a mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone reductase inhibitor.", "Dequalinium is an antibacterial agent with multi-targeted actions. It also possesses antifungal, antiparasitic, antiviral, anticancer, and neuroprotective properties. It is a quaternary ammonium compound, as it consists of an amphipathic cation with two aminoquinaldinium rings at both ends of a long hydrophobic hydrocarbon chain. Due to its flexible structure, dequalinium was investigated to build drug and gene delivery systems.  First used as an antiseptic and disinfectant in the 1950s, dequalinium is still found in various OTC products to treat conditions of oral infections and inflammation. It is also used in vaginal tablets to treat bacterial vaginosis.", "A topical bacteriostat that is available as various salts. It is used in wound dressings and mouth infections and may also have antifungal action, but may cause skin ulceration."]], ["Topisolon", "CC1CC2C3CCC4=CC(=O)C=CC4(C3(C(CC2(C1C(=O)CO)C)O)F)C", ["A topical anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid used in DERMATOSES, skin allergies, PSORIASIS, etc."]], ["Percorten", "CC(=O)OCC(=O)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CCC4=CC(=O)CCC34C)C", ["A nonfluorinated corticosteroid anti-inflammatory agent used topically for DERMATOSES."]], ["Celestone", "CC1CC2C3CCC4=CC(=O)C=CC4(C3(C(CC2(C1(C(=O)CO)O)C)O)F)C", ["9-fluoro-11,17-dihydroxy-17-(2-hydroxy-1-oxoethyl)-10,13,16-trimethyl-6,7,8,11,12,14,15,16-octahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one is a 21-hydroxy steroid.", "A glucocorticoid given orally, parenterally, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. Its lack of mineralocorticoid properties makes betamethasone particularly suitable for treating cerebral edema and congenital adrenal hyperplasia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p724)"]], ["Racemethorphan", "CN1CCC23CCCCC2C1CC4=C3C=C(C=C4)OC", ["6-methoxy-11-methyl-1,3,4,9,10,10a-hexahydro-2H-10,4a-(epiminoethano)phenanthrene is an organic heterotetracyclic compound that is 1,3,4,9,10,10a-hexahydro-2H-10,4a-(epiminoethano)phenanthrene which is substituted by a methoxy group at position 6 and a methyl group at position 11. It is an aromatic ether, a morphinane alkaloid, a morphinane-like compound and an organic heterotetracyclic compound.", "Methyl analog of DEXTRORPHAN that shows high affinity binding to several regions of the brain, including the medullary cough center. This compound is an NMDA receptor antagonist (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and acts as a non-competitive channel blocker. It is one of the widely used ANTITUSSIVES, and is also used to study the involvement of glutamate receptors in neurotoxicity."]], ["Eflornithine", "C(CC(C(F)F)(C(=O)O)N)CN", ["Eflornithine is a fluoroamino acid that is ornithine substituted by a difluoromethyl group at position 2. It has a role as a trypanocidal drug. It is a fluoroamino acid and an alpha-amino acid. It is functionally related to an ornithine.", "Eflornithine is a prescription drug indicated in the treatment of facial hirsutism (excessive hair growth). Eflornithine hydrochloride cream for topical application is intended for use in women suffering from facial hirsutism and is sold by Allergan, Inc. under the brand name Vaniqa. Eflornithine for injection against sleeping sickness was manufactured by Sanofi Aventis and sold under the brand name Ornidyl in the USA. It is now discontinued. Eflornithine is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.", "Eflornithine is an Antiprotozoal and Decarboxylase Inhibitor. The mechanism of action of eflornithine is as a Decarboxylase Inhibitor.", "An inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase, the rate limiting enzyme of the polyamine biosynthetic pathway."]], ["Arthrotec", "C1=CC=C(C(=C1)CC(=O)[O-])NC2=C(C=CC=C2Cl)Cl", ["Diclofenac(1-) is the conjugate base of diclofenac. It is a conjugate base of a diclofenac.", "A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) with antipyretic and analgesic actions. It is primarily available as the sodium salt."]], ["Dicloxacycline", "CC1=C(C(=NO1)C2=C(C=CC=C2Cl)Cl)C(=O)NC3C4N(C3=O)C(C(S4)(C)C)C(=O)O", ["One of the PENICILLINS which is resistant to PENICILLINASE."]], ["Diphenidol", "C1CCN(CC1)CCCC(C2=CC=CC=C2)(C3=CC=CC=C3)O", ["Diphenidol is a tertiary alcohol that is butan-1-ol substituted by two phenyl groups at position 1 and a piperidin-1-yl group at position 4. It has a role as an antiemetic. It is a member of piperidines, a tertiary alcohol and a member of benzenes.", "Diphenidol is an antiemetic agent used in the treatment of vomiting and vertigo. Diphenidol overdose may result in serious toxicity in children.", "Diphenidol is an Antiemetic. The physiologic effect of diphenidol is by means of Emesis Suppression."]], ["Diflunisal", "C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=C(C=C(C=C2)F)F)C(=O)O)O", ["Diflunisal is an organofluorine compound comprising salicylic acid having a 2,4-difluorophenyl group at the 5-position. It has a role as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and a non-narcotic analgesic. It is an organofluorine compound and a monohydroxybenzoic acid. It is functionally related to a salicylic acid and a 1,3-difluorobenzene.", "Diflunisal, a salicylate derivative, is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAIA) with pharmacologic actions similar to other prototypical NSAIAs. Diflunisal possesses anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activity. Though its mechanism of action has not been clearly established, most of its actions appear to be associated with inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis via the arachidonic acid pathway. Diflunisal is used to relieve pain accompanied with inflammation and in the symptomatic treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.", "Diflunisal is a Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug. The mechanism of action of diflunisal is as a Cyclooxygenase Inhibitor.", "Diflunisal is a salicylic acid derivative that is used in the therapy of chronic arthritis and mild to moderate acute pain. Diflunisal has been linked mild, transient elevations in serum aminotransferase levels during therapy as well as to rare instances of idiosyncratic drug induced liver disease.", "Diflunisal is a difluorophenyl derivate of salicylic acid and a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with antipyretic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. Diflunisal competitively inhibits both cyclooxygenase (COX) -1 and -2, with higher affinity for COX-1, and subsequently blocks the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandin precursors. This leads to an inhibition of the formation of prostaglandins that are involved in pain, inflammation and fever. Diflunisal differs from other salicylates, in that it is not metabolized to salicylic acid, hence it has a longer half-life.", "Diflunisal, a salicylate derivative, is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAIA) with pharmacologic actions similar to other prototypical NSAIAs. Diflunisal possesses anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activity. Though its mechanism of action has not been clearly established, most of its actions appear to be associated with inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis via the arachidonic acid pathway. Diflunisal is used to relieve pain accompanied with inflammation and in the symptomatic treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.", "A salicylate derivative and anti-inflammatory analgesic with actions and side effects similar to those of ASPIRIN."]], ["Cogoxin", "CC1C(C(CC(O1)OC2C(OC(CC2O)OC3C(OC(CC3O)OC4CCC5(C(C4)CCC6C5CC(C7(C6(CCC7C8=CC(=O)OC8)O)C)O)C)C)C)O)O", ["Lanicor is a natural product found in Streptomyces purpurascens and Streptomyces violaceus with data available.", "A cardiotonic glycoside obtained mainly from Digitalis lanata; it consists of three sugars and the aglycone DIGOXIGENIN. Digoxin has positive inotropic and negative chronotropic activity. It is used to control ventricular rate in ATRIAL FIBRILLATION and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation. Its use in congestive heart failure and sinus rhythm is less certain. The margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p666)"]], ["Dihydroegotamine", "CC1(C(=O)N2C(C(=O)N3CCCC3C2(O1)O)CC4=CC=CC=C4)NC(=O)C5CC6C(CC7=CNC8=CC=CC6=C78)N(C5)C", ["LSM-1639 is a peptide ergot alkaloid.", "A 9,10alpha-dihydro derivative of ERGOTAMINE. It is used as a vasoconstrictor, specifically for the therapy of MIGRAINE DISORDERS."]], ["3,3'-Diindolylmethane", "C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C(=CN2)CC3=CNC4=CC=CC=C43", ["3,3'-diindolylmethane is a member of indoles. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent and a P450 inhibitor.", "Diindolylmethane has been used in trials studying the prevention and treatment of SLE, Prostate Cancer, Cervical Dysplasia, Stage I Prostate Cancer, and Stage II Prostate Cancer, among others.", "3,3'-Diindolylmethane is a natural product found in Arundo donax, Brassica, and other organisms with data available.", "Diindolylmethane is a phytonutrient and plant indole found in cruciferous vegetables including broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cabbage, cauliflower and kale, with potential anti-androgenic and antineoplastic activities. As a dimer of indole-3-carbinol, diindolylmethane (DIM) promotes beneficial estrogen metabolism in both sexes by reducing the levels of 16-hydroxy estrogen metabolites and increasing the formation of 2-hydroxy estrogen metabolites, resulting in increased antioxidant activity. Although this agent induces apoptosis in tumor cells in vitro, the exact mechanism by which DIM exhibits its antineoplastic activity in vivo is unknown."]], ["Dilacor XR", "CC(=O)OC1C(SC2=CC=CC=C2N(C1=O)CCN(C)C)C3=CC=C(C=C3)OC", ["5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetate is a lactam that is 2,3-dihydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-4(5H)-one in which positions 2 and 3 are substituted by 4-methoxyphenyl and acetoxy, respectively, while the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl group. It is a lactam, a benzothiazepine, a tertiary amino compound, an acetate ester and an aromatic ether.", "A benzothiazepine derivative with vasodilating action due to its antagonism of the actions of CALCIUM ion on membrane functions."]], ["Diphenylpyraline", "CN1CCC(CC1)OC(C2=CC=CC=C2)C3=CC=CC=C3", ["Diphenylpyraline is a member of the class of piperidines that is the benzhydryl ether derivative of 1-methyl-4-hydroxypiperidine. A sedating antihistamine, it is used as the hydrochloride for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions including rhinitis and hay fever, and in pruritic skin disorders. It is also used as the teoclate salt (piprinhydrinate) as an ingredient in compound preparations for the symptomatic relief of coughs and the common cold. It has a role as a H1-receptor antagonist and a cholinergic antagonist. It is a member of piperidines and a tertiary amine.", "Diphenylpyraline is an antihistamine. Antihistamines used in the treatment of allergy act by competing with histamine for H 1-receptor sites on effector cells. Antihistamines prevent, but do not reverse, responses mediated by histamine alone. Antihistamines antagonize, in varying degrees, most of the pharmacological effects of histamine, including urticaria and pruritus."]], ["Dipivefrin", "CC(C)(C)C(=O)OC1=C(C=C(C=C1)C(CNC)O)OC(=O)C(C)(C)C", ["Dipivefrin is the dipivalate ester of (+-)-epinephrine (racepinephrine). A pro-drug of epinephrine, the hydrochloride is used topically as eye drops to reduce intra-ocular pressure in the treatment of open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. It has a role as a prodrug, an adrenergic agonist, a sympathomimetic agent, an antiglaucoma drug and an ophthalmology drug. It is a member of ethanolamines and a pivalate ester. It is functionally related to an adrenaline. It is a conjugate base of a dipivefrin(1+).", "Dipivefrin is a prodrug of adrenaline, which is used to treat glaucoma. It is available as ophthalmic solution (eye drops).", "Dipivefrin is an Adrenergic Receptor Agonist. The mechanism of action of dipivefrin is as an Adrenergic Agonist.", "Dipivefrin is an ester prodrug of epinephrine, with sympathomimetic activity. Due to its lipophilicity, dipivefrin penetrates more easily to the anterior chamber of the eye and is hydrolyzed to epinephrine, when applied locally. Epinephrine, an adrenergic agonist, enhances the outflow of aqueous humor and decreases the production of aqueous humor by vasoconstriction. The overall result is a reduction in intraocular pressure."]], ["Dipyridamole", "C1CCN(CC1)C2=NC(=NC3=C2N=C(N=C3N4CCCCC4)N(CCO)CCO)N(CCO)CCO", ["Dipyridamole is a pyrimidopyrimidine that is 2,2',2'',2'''-(pyrimido[5,4-d]pyrimidine-2,6-diyldinitrilo)tetraethanol substituted by piperidin-1-yl groups at positions 4 and 8 respectively. A vasodilator agent, it inhibits the formation of blood clots. It has a role as an adenosine phosphodiesterase inhibitor, an EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor, a platelet aggregation inhibitor and a vasodilator agent. It is a member of piperidines, a pyrimidopyrimidine, a tertiary amino compound and a tetrol.", "A phosphodiesterase inhibitor that blocks uptake and metabolism of adenosine by erythrocytes and vascular endothelial cells. Dipyridamole also potentiates the antiaggregating action of prostacyclin. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p752)", "Dipyridamole is a Platelet Aggregation Inhibitor. The physiologic effect of dipyridamole is by means of Decreased Platelet Aggregation.", "Dipyridamole is a vasodilator and inhibitor of platelet aggregation that is used to decrease the risk of thromboembolic complications and recurrence of stroke in patients known to have atherosclerotic cerebrovascular disease. Dipyridamole is associated with a low rate of serum enzyme elevations during treatment, but has not been linked to instances of clinically apparent acute liver injury.", "Dipyridamole is a natural product found in Prangos ferulacea and Heracleum candicans with data available.", "Dipyridamole is a synthetic agent derivative of pyrimido-pyrimidine, with antiplatelet properties.  Dipyridamole inhibits adenosine uptake by platelets and endothelial cells, triggering an accumulation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), and inhibiting the stimulation of platelet aggregation by agents such as platelet activating factor and collagen. (NCI04)", "A phosphodiesterase inhibitor that blocks uptake and metabolism of adenosine by erythrocytes and vascular endothelial cells. Dipyridamole also potentiates the antiaggregating action of prostacyclin. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p752)"]], ["Metamizole", "CC1=C(C(=O)N(N1C)C2=CC=CC=C2)N(C)CS(=O)(=O)O", ["Metamizole is a pyrazole that is antiipyrine substituted at C-4 by a methyl(sulfomethyl)amino group, the sodium salt of which, metamizole sodium, was widely used as a powerful analgesic and antipyretic, but withdrawn from many markets from the 1970s due to a risk of causing risk of causing agranulocytosis. It has a role as an antipyretic, an antirheumatic drug, a non-narcotic analgesic, a peripheral nervous system drug, a prodrug, a cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor and an anti-inflammatory agent. It is a member of pyrazoles and an amino sulfonic acid. It is functionally related to an antipyrine. It is a conjugate acid of a metamizole(1-).", "Metamizole (dipyrone) is a pyrazolone derivative that belongs to the group of nonacid nonopioids. It is considered a potent analgesic and antipyretic with favourable gastrointestinal tolerability. Metamizole was formerly marketed in the US as Dimethone tablets and injection, Protemp oral liquid, and other drug products, and was withdrawn due to its association with potentially fatal agranulocytosis. Approvals of the NDA's for metamizole drug products were withdrawn on June 27, 1977 (see the Federal Register of June 17, 1977, 42 FR 30893). In 1963, metamizole was withdrawn from the Canadian market and banned in the UK, France, Sweden, Norway and Australia. Metamizole is still used in certain countries in Europe, Asia and South America.", "A drug that has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is the sodium sulfonate of AMINOPYRINE."]], ["Disopyramide", "CC(C)N(CCC(C1=CC=CC=C1)(C2=CC=CC=N2)C(=O)N)C(C)C", ["Disopyramide is a monocarboxylic acid amide that is butanamide substituted by a diisopropylamino group at position 4, a phenyl group at position 2 and a pyridin-2-yl group at position 2. It is used as a anti-arrhythmia drug. It has a role as an anti-arrhythmia drug. It is a monocarboxylic acid amide, a member of pyridines and a tertiary amino compound.", "A class I anti-arrhythmic agent (one that interferes directly with the depolarization of the cardiac membrane and thus serves as a membrane-stabilizing agent) with a depressant action on the heart similar to that of guanidine. It also possesses some anticholinergic and local anesthetic properties.", "Disopyramide is an Antiarrhythmic.", "Disopyramide is an oral antiarrhythmic agent that has been in wide use for several decades. Long term disopyramide therapy is associated with a low rate of serum enzyme elevations and is a rare cause of clinically apparent acute liver injury.", "Disopyramide is a class IA anti-arrhythmic agent with cardiac depressant property. Disopyramide blocks the fast sodium channel in normal cardiac cell membranes within atrial and ventricular tissues. This slows the rate and amplitude of phase 0 depolarization and thus prolongs the duration of the action potential, thereby reducing cell excitability and conduction velocity. Further, disopyramide directly decreases the rate of diastolic (phase 4) depolarization in cells with normal or augmented automaticity. Disopyramide also blocks potassium channel and results in prolonged QT interval, thus increases the effective refractory period. This agent also possesses anticholinergic property.", "A class I anti-arrhythmic agent (one that interferes directly with the depolarization of the cardiac membrane and thus serves as a membrane-stabilizing agent) with a depressant action on the heart similar to that of guanidine. It also possesses some anticholinergic and local anesthetic properties."]], ["[4-Acetyloxy-1,9,12-trihydroxy-15-[2-hydroxy-3-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxycarbonylamino]-3-phenylpropanoyl]oxy-10,14,17,17-tetramethyl-11-oxo-6-oxatetracyclo[11.3.1.03,10.04,7]heptadec-13-en-2-yl] benzoate", "CC1=C2C(C(=O)C3(C(CC4C(C3C(C(C2(C)C)(CC1OC(=O)C(C(C5=CC=CC=C5)NC(=O)OC(C)(C)C)O)O)OC(=O)C6=CC=CC=C6)(CO4)OC(=O)C)O)C)O", ["LSM-4270 is a taxane diterpenoid.", "Docetaxol is a natural product found in Taxus wallichiana with data available.", "A semisynthetic analog of PACLITAXEL used in the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic BREAST NEOPLASMS and NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER."]], ["Dolasetron", "C1C2CC3CC(CC1N3CC2=O)OC(=O)C4=CNC5=CC=CC=C54", ["Dolasetron is a member of quinolizines, a member of indoles and a heteroarenecarboxylate ester."]], ["Domiphen", "CCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)CCOC1=CC=CC=C1", ["Domiphen is an aromatic ether.", "Domiphen bromide is a quaternary ammonium compound that is predominantly employed as a topically administered antiseptic agent."]], ["Domperidone", "C1CN(CCC1N2C3=C(C=C(C=C3)Cl)NC2=O)CCCN4C5=CC=CC=C5NC4=O", ["Domperidone is 1-[3-(Piperidin-1-yl)propyl]-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one in which the 4-position of the piperidine ring is substituted by a 5-chloro-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-on-1-yl group. A dopamine antagonist, it is used as an antiemetic for the short-term treatment of nausea and vomiting, and to control gastrointestinal effects of dopaminergic drugs given in the management of parkinsonism. The free base is used in oral suspensions, while the maleate salt is used in tablet preparations. It has a role as an antiemetic and a dopaminergic antagonist. It is a member of benzimidazoles and a heteroarylpiperidine.", "A specific blocker of dopamine receptors. It speeds gastrointestinal peristalsis, causes prolactin release, and is used as antiemetic and tool in the study of dopaminergic mechanisms.", "Domperidone is a peripheral-specific antagonist of the dopamine receptor D2 (D2R), with antiemetic, gastrokinetic and galactagogue activities. Following administration, domperidone binds to D2R expressed by peripheral neurons; this inhibits dopamine binding and D2R-mediated signaling. Inhibition of peripheral D2R signaling prevents or relieves various gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, such as nausea and vomiting, and may help relief reflux and symptoms of a variety of other upper GI disorders.", "A specific blocker of dopamine receptors. It speeds gastrointestinal peristalsis, causes prolactin release, and is used as antiemetic and tool in the study of dopaminergic mechanisms."]], ["Donepezil", "COC1=C(C=C2C(=C1)CC(C2=O)CC3CCN(CC3)CC4=CC=CC=C4)OC", ["Donepezil is a racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-donepezil. A centrally acting reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, its main therapeutic use is in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease where it is used to increase cortical acetylcholine. It has a role as an EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor, a nootropic agent and an EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor. It contains a (R)-donepezil and a (S)-donepezil. It is a conjugate base of a donepezil (1+).", "In 2016, the global burden of dementia was estimated to be 43.8 million, demonstrating a significant increase from a global prevalence of 20.2 million in 1990. Donepezil, also known as Aricept, is a piperidine derivative acetylcholinesterase inhibitor used in the management of the dementia of Alzheimer's Disease, and in some cases, is used to manage other types of dementia.   Donepezil was first approved by the FDA in 1996, and its extended-release form was approved in combination with [Memantine] in 2014 to manage moderate and severe forms of Alzheimer's dementia. A donepezil transdermal delivery system, Adlarity, was approved by the FDA in March 2022 for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Though it does not alter the progression of Alzheimer's disease, donepezil is effective in managing the symptoms of its associated dementia.", "Donepezil is a Cholinesterase Inhibitor. The mechanism of action of donepezil is as a Cholinesterase Inhibitor.", "Donepezil is an oral acetylcholinesterase inhibitor used for therapy of Alzheimer disease. Donepezil is associated with a minimal rate of serum enzyme elevations during therapy and has only rarely been implicated as a cause of clinically apparent liver injury.", "Donepezil is the hydrochloride salt of a piperidine derivative with neurocognitive-enhancing activity. Donepezil reversibly inhibits acetylcholinesterase, thereby blocking the hydrolysis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine and, consequently, increasing its activity.  This agent may improve neurocognitive function in Alzheimer's disease, reduce sedation associated with opioid treatment of cancer pain, and improve neurocognitive function in patients who have received radiation therapy for primary brain tumors or brain metastases.", "Donepezil, marketed under the trade name Aricept (Eisai), is a centrally acting reversible acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor. Its main therapeutic use is in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease where it is used to increase cortical acetylcholine. It has an oral bioavailability of 100% and easily crosses the blood-brain barrier. Because it has a half life of about 70 hours, it can be taken once a day. Initial dose is 5 mg per day, which can be increased to 10 mg per day after an adjustment period of at least 4 weeks. Donepezil is a centrally acting reversible acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor. Its main therapeutic use is in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease where it is used to increase cortical acetylcholine. It is well absorbed in the gut with an oral bioavailability of 100% and easily crosses the blood-brain barrier. Because it has a half life of about 70 hours, it can be taken once a day. Currently, there is no definitive proof that use of donepezil or other similar agents alters the course or progression of Alzheimer's disease. However, 6-12 month controlled studies have shown modest benefits in cognition and/or behavior. Pilot studies have reported that donepezil therapy may potentially have effects on markers of disease progression, such as hippocampal volume. Therefore, many neurologists, psychiatrists, and primary care physicians use donepezil in patients with Alzheimer's disease. In 2005, the UK National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) withdrew its recommendation for use of the drug for mild-to-moderate AD, on the basis that there is no significant improvement in functional outcome; Currently, there is no definitive proof that use of donepezil or other similar agents alters the course or progression of Alzheimer's disease. However, 6-12 month controlled studies have shown modest benefits in cognition and/or behavior. Pilot studies have reported that donepezil therapy may potentially have effects on markers of disease progression, such as hippocampal volume. Therefore, many neurologists, psychiatrists, and primary care physicians use donepezil in patients with Alzheimer's disease. In 2005, the UK National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) withdrew its recommendation for use of the drug for mild-to-moderate AD, on the basis that there is no significant improvement in functional outcome; of quality of life or of behavioral symptoms. However, NICE revised its guidelines to suggest that donepezil be used in moderate stage patients for whom the evidence is strongest. While the drug is currently indicated for mild to moderate Alzheimer's, there is also evidence from 2 trials that it may be effective for moderate to severe disease. An example of this is a Karolinska Institute paper published in The Lancet in early 2006, which states that donepezil improves cognitive function even in patients with severe Alzheimer's disease symptoms. of quality of life or of behavioral symptoms. However, NICE revised its guidelines to suggest that donepezil be used in moderate stage patients for whom the evidence is strongest. While the drug is currently indicated for mild to moderate Alzheimer's, there is also evidence from 2 trials that it may be effective for moderate to severe disease. An example of this is a Karolinska Institute paper published in The Lancet in early 2006, which states that donepezil improves cognitive function even in patients with severe Alzheimer's disease symptoms. Donepezil is postulated to exert its therapeutic effect by enhancing cholinergic function. This is accomplished by increasing the concentration of acetylcholine through reversible inhibition of its hydrolysis by acetylcholinesterase. If this proposed mechanism of action is correct, donepezil's effect may lessen as the disease process advances and fewer cholinergic neurons remain functionally intact. Donepezil has been tested in other cognitive disorders including Lewy body dementia and Vascular dementia, but it is not currently approved for these indications. Donepezil has also been studied in patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment, schizophrenia, attention deficit disorder, post-coronary bypass cognitive impairment, cognitive impairment associated with multiple sclerosis, and Down syndrome.", "An indan and piperidine derivative that acts as a selective and reversible inhibitor of ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE. Donepezil is highly selective for the central nervous system and is used in the management of mild to moderate DEMENTIA in ALZHEIMER DISEASE."]], ["Doxapram", "CCN1CC(C(C1=O)(C2=CC=CC=C2)C3=CC=CC=C3)CCN4CCOCC4", ["Doxapram is a member of the class of pyrrolidin-2-ones that is N-ethylpyrrolidin-2-one in which both of the hydrogens at the 3 position (adjacent to the carbonyl group) are substituted by phenyl groups, and one of the hydrogens at the 4 position is substituted by a 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl group. A central and respiratory stimulant with a brief duration of action, it is used (generally as the hydrochloride or the hydrochloride hydrate) as a temporary treatment of acute respiratory failure, particularly when superimposed on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and of postoperative respiratory depression. It has also been used for treatment of postoperative shivering. It has a role as a central nervous system stimulant. It is a member of morpholines and a member of pyrrolidin-2-ones.", "A central respiratory stimulant with a brief duration of action. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmocopoeia, 30th ed, p1225)", "Doxapram is a Respiratory Stimulant. The physiologic effect of doxapram is by means of Increased Medullary Respiratory Drive.", "Doxapram is a respiratory stimulant with analeptic activity. Doxapram, independent of oxygen levels, directly stimulates the peripheral carotid chemoreceptors, possibly by inhibiting the potassium channels of type I cells within the carotid body, thereby stimulating catecholamines release. This results in the prevention or reversal of both narcotic- and CNS depressant-induced respiratory depression.", "A central respiratory stimulant with a brief duration of action. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmocopoeia, 30th ed, p1225)"]], ["Doxazosin", "COC1=C(C=C2C(=C1)C(=NC(=N2)N3CCN(CC3)C(=O)C4COC5=CC=CC=C5O4)N)OC", ["Doxazosin is a member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline substituted by an amino group at position 4, methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7 and a piperazin-1-yl group at position 2 which in turn is substituted by a 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-2-ylcarbonyl group at position 4. An antihypertensive agent, it is used in the treatment of high blood pressure. It has a role as an antihypertensive agent, an alpha-adrenergic antagonist, an antineoplastic agent, a vasodilator agent and an antihyperplasia drug. It is a member of quinazolines, a N-acylpiperazine, a N-arylpiperazine, a benzodioxine, a monocarboxylic acid amide and an aromatic amine.", "Doxazosin is an alpha-1 antagonist used for the treatment of benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) symptoms and hypertension. Other members of this drug class include [Prazosin], [Terazosin], [Tamsulosin], and [Alfuzosin].  Because of its long-lasting effects, doxazosin can be administered once a day. It is marketed by Pfizer and was initially approved by the FDA in 1990.", "Doxazosin is an alpha-Adrenergic Blocker. The mechanism of action of doxazosin is as an Adrenergic alpha-Antagonist.", "Doxazosin is a nonselective alpha-1 adrenergic antagonist (alpha-blocker) used in the therapy of hypertension and benign prostatic hypertrophy. Doxazosin is associated with a low rate of transient serum aminotransferase elevations, but has not been linked to instances of clinically apparent acute liver injury.", "Doxazosin is a quinazoline with antihypertensive and antineoplastic properties. Doxazosin is an alpha-adrenergic antagonist that selectively inhibits alpha-1 adrenergic receptors. Blockages of the alpha-1 adrenergic action on the vascular smooth muscles lead to a decrease in vascular resistance and antihypertensive activity. This agent also shows high affinity to alpha-1c adrenoceptor, the predominant functional type in the prostate, which may partially attribute to its effect in treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Furthermore, doxazosin induces apoptosis in prostate cancer cells mediated through inhibition of protein kinase B (PKB)/Akt-signaling death receptor regulatory pathway.", "A prazosin-related compound that is a selective alpha-1-adrenergic blocker."]], ["Doxepin", "CN(C)CCC=C1C2=CC=CC=C2COC3=CC=CC=C31", ["Doxepin is a tricyclic antidepressant that widely used in the therapy of depression. Doxepin can cause mild and transient serum enzyme elevations but is a rare cause of clinically apparent acute cholestatic liver injury.", "Doxepin is a dibenzoxepin derivative and tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) with antipruritic, antidepressive and anxiolytic activities. Doxepin blocks the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin (5-HT) into presynaptic terminals thereby prolonging the availability of the monoaminergic neurotransmitters within the synaptic cleft and enhancing their neurotransmission. Doxepin also has antagonistic effects on histamine H1, 5-HT2, alpha-1 adrenergic, and muscarinic receptors. The antipruritic effect of this agent is mediated through inhibition of histamine receptors.", "A dibenzoxepin tricyclic compound. It displays a range of pharmacological actions including maintaining adrenergic innervation. Its mechanism of action is not fully understood, but it appears to block reuptake of monoaminergic neurotransmitters into presynaptic terminals. It also possesses anticholinergic activity and modulates antagonism of histamine H(1)- and H(2)-receptors."]], ["Dyclonine", "CCCCOC1=CC=C(C=C1)C(=O)CCN2CCCCC2", ["Dyclonine is n-Ethylpiperidine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the methyl group is substituted by a 4-butoxybenzoyl group. It has a role as a topical anaesthetic. It is a member of piperidines and an aromatic ketone.", "Dyclonine is an oral anaesthetic found in Sucrets, an over the counter throat lozenge. It may also be found in some Cepacol sore throat spray products.", "Dyclonine is an unclassified compound with local anesthetic effect. Dyclonine reversibly binds to activated sodium channels on the neuronal membrane, thereby decreasing the neuronal membrane's permeability to sodium ions, leading to an increased threshold for excitation. This reversibly stabilizes the membrane and inhibits depolarization, leading to the failure of a propagated action potential and subsequent conduction blockade. This results in a transient and reversible loss of sensation in a localized area of the body."]], ["Econazole", "C1=CC(=CC=C1COC(CN2C=CN=C2)C3=C(C=C(C=C3)Cl)Cl)Cl", ["1-{2-(4-chlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl}imidazole is a member of the class of imidazoles that is 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(imidazol-1-yl)ethanol in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a 4-chlorobenzyl group. It is an ether, a member of imidazoles, a dichlorobenzene and a member of monochlorobenzenes.", "A broad spectrum antimycotic with some action against Gram positive bacteria. It is used topically in dermatomycoses also orally and parenterally.", "Econazole is an Azole Antifungal.", "Econazole is an imidazole with antifungal property. Econazole compromises the integrity of fungal cell wall through inhibiting 14-alpha demethylase, which catalyzes conversion of lanosterol to ergosterol, an essential component of the fungal cell wall. As a result, this agent increases cellular permeability thereby resulting in leakage of cellular contents. Furthermore, econazole has also been implicated to inhibit endogenous respiration, interact with membrane phospholipids, inhibit purine uptake, and impair triglyceride and/or phospholipid biosynthesis.", "Econazole is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a broad spectrum antimycotic with some action against Gram positive bacteria. It is used topically in dermatomycoses also orally and parenterally. [PubChem] Econazole interacts with 14-alpha demethylase, a cytochrome P-450 enzyme necessary to convert lanosterol to ergosterol. As ergosterol is an essential component of the fungal cell membrane, inhibition of its synthesis results in increased cellular permeability causing leakage of cellular contents. Econazole may also inhibit endogenous respiration, interact with membrane phospholipids, inhibit the transformation of yeasts to mycelial forms, inhibit purine uptake, and impair triglyceride and/or phospholipid biosynthesis.", "An imidazole derivative that is commonly used as a topical antifungal agent."]], ["Edrophonium", "CC[N+](C)(C)C1=CC(=CC=C1)O", ["Edrophonium is a quaternary ammonium ion that is N-ethyl-N,N-dimethylanilinium in which one of the meta positions is substituted by a hydroxy group. It is a reversible inhibitor of cholinesterase, with a rapid onset (30-60 seconds after injection) but a short duration of action (5-15 minutes). The chloride salt is used in myasthenia gravis both diagnostically and to distinguish between under- or over-treatment with other anticholinesterases. It has also been used for the reversal of neuromuscular blockade in anaesthesia, and for the management of poisoning due to tetrodotoxin, a neuromuscular blocking toxin found in puffer fish and other marine animals. It has a role as an EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor, a diagnostic agent and an antidote. It is a quaternary ammonium ion and a member of phenols.", "A rapid-onset, short-acting cholinesterase inhibitor used in cardiac arrhythmias and in the diagnosis of myasthenia gravis. It has also been used as an antidote to curare principles.", "Edrophonium is a Cholinesterase Inhibitor. The mechanism of action of edrophonium is as a Cholinesterase Inhibitor.", "A rapid-onset, short-acting cholinesterase inhibitor used in cardiac arrhythmias and in the diagnosis of myasthenia gravis. It has also been used as an antidote to curare principles."]], ["Emedastine", "CCOCCN1C2=CC=CC=C2N=C1N3CCCN(CC3)C", ["Emedastine is 1-Methyl-1,4-diazepane in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen at position 4 is substituted by a 1-(2-ethoxyethyl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl group. A relatively selective histamine H1 antagonist, it is used as the difumatate salt for allergic rhinitis, urticaria, and pruritic skin disorders, and in eyedrops for the symptomatic relief of allergic conjuntivitis. It has a role as a H1-receptor antagonist, an anti-allergic agent and an antipruritic drug.", "Emedastine is an antihistamine used in eye drops to treat allergic conjunctivitis.", "Emedastine is a Histamine-1 Receptor Inhibitor. The mechanism of action of emedastine is as a Histamine H1 Receptor Antagonist.", "Emedastine is a second generation, selective histamine H1 receptor antagonist with anti-allergic activity. Emedastine reversibly and competitively blocks histamine by binding to H1 receptors, thus blocking its downstream activity. As a result this agent interferes with mediator release from mast cells either by inhibiting calcium ion influx across mast cell/basophil plasma membrane or by inhibiting intracellular calcium ion release within the cells. In addition, emedastine may also inhibit the late-phase allergic reaction mediated through leukotrienes or prostaglandins, or by producing an anti-platelet activating factor effect. Upon ocular administration, emedastine causes a dose-dependent inhibition of histamine-stimulated vascular permeability in the conjunctiva. Emedastine does not affect adrenergic, dopamine, or serotonin receptors."]], ["Enoxacin", "CCN1C=C(C(=O)C2=CC(=C(N=C21)N3CCNCC3)F)C(=O)O", ["Enoxacin is a 1,8-naphthyridine derivative that is 1,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine with an ethyl group at the 1 position, a carboxy group at the 3-position, an oxo sustituent at the 4-position, a fluoro substituent at the 5-position and a piperazin-1-yl group at the 7 position. An antibacterial, it is used in the treatment of urinary-tract infections and gonorrhoea. It has a role as an antibacterial drug and a DNA synthesis inhibitor. It is a monocarboxylic acid, an amino acid, a 1,8-naphthyridine derivative, a N-arylpiperazine, a quinolone antibiotic and a fluoroquinolone antibiotic.", "A broad-spectrum 6-fluoronaphthyridinone antibacterial agent (fluoroquinolones) structurally related to nalidixic acid.", "A broad-spectrum 6-fluoronaphthyridinone antibacterial agent that is structurally related to NALIDIXIC ACID."]], ["Eperisone", "CCC1=CC=C(C=C1)C(=O)C(C)CN2CCCCC2", ["1-(4-ethylphenyl)-2-methyl-3-(piperidin-1-yl)propan-1-one is an aromatic ketone that is N-propylpiperidine in which a hydrogen at positon 2 of the propyl group is replaced by a p-ethylbenzoyl group. It is a member of piperidines and an aromatic ketone.", "Eperisone is an antispasmodic drug which relaxes both skeletal muscles and vascular smooth muscles, and demonstrates a variety of effects such as reduction of myotonia, improvement of circulation, and suppression of the pain reflex. It is not approved for use in the United States, but is available in other countries like India, South Korea, and Bangladesh."]], ["N-(1-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-7-methyl-6,6a,8,9-tetrahydro-4H-indolo[4,3-fg]quinoline-9-carboxamide", "CC(CO)NC(=O)C1CN(C2CC3=CNC4=CC=CC(=C34)C2=C1)C", ["N-(1-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-7-methyl-6,6a,8,9-tetrahydro-4H-indolo[4,3-fg]quinoline-9-carboxamide is an ergoline alkaloid.", "N-(1-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-7-methyl-6,6a,8,9-tetrahydro-4H-indolo[4,3-fg]quinoline-9-carboxamide is a natural product found in Ipomoea campanulata with data available.", "An ergot alkaloid (ERGOT ALKALOIDS) with uterine and VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE contractile properties."]], ["Etambutol", "CCC(CO)NCCNC(CC)CO", ["2-[2-(1-hydroxybutan-2-ylamino)ethylamino]-1-butanol is an amino alcohol."]], ["Profenamine", "CCN(CC)C(C)CN1C2=CC=CC=C2SC3=CC=CC=C31", ["Profenamine is a member of the class of phenothiazines that is phenothiazine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2-(diethylamino)propyl group. An antimuscarinic, it is used as the hydrochloride for the symptomatic treatment of Parkinson's disease. It has a role as a muscarinic antagonist, an antiparkinson drug, a histamine antagonist, an adrenergic antagonist and an antidyskinesia agent. It is a member of phenothiazines and a tertiary amino compound.", "Profenamine is a medication derived from phenothiazine. It is primarily used as an antidyskinetic to treat parkinsonism. It is sold under the trade names Parsidol in the United States and Parsidan in Canada."]], ["Ethosuximide", "CCC1(CC(=O)NC1=O)C", ["Ethosuximide is a dicarboximide that is pyrrolidine-2,5-dione in which the hydrogens at position 3 are substituted by one methyl and one ethyl group. An antiepileptic, it is used in the treatment of absence seizures and may be used for myoclonic seizures, but is ineffective against tonic-clonic seizures. It has a role as an anticonvulsant, a calcium channel blocker and a geroprotector. It is a pyrrolidinone and a dicarboximide.", "An anticonvulsant especially useful in the treatment of absence seizures unaccompanied by other types of seizures.", "Ethosuximide is an Anti-epileptic Agent. The physiologic effect of ethosuximide is by means of Decreased Central Nervous System Disorganized Electrical Activity.", "Ethosuximide is an succinimide based anticonvulsant commonly used for absence (petit mal) seizures in both adults and children. Ethosuximide has been associated with rare instances of serum enzyme elevations during treatment, but has not been linked to cases of clinically apparent liver injury with jaundice.", "Ethosuximide is a succinimide with anticonvulsant activity. The exact mechanism of action is not entirely understood, but most likely ethosuximide exerts its effects by partial antagonism of T-type calcium channels of the thalamic neurons.  This leads to a decrease in burst firing of thalamocortical neurons, which stabilizes the nerve activity in the brain and prevents seizures.", "Ethosuximide is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is an anticonvulsant especially useful in the treatment of absence seizures unaccompanied by other types of seizures. [PubChem]Binds to T-type voltage sensitive calcium channels. Voltage-sensitive calcium channels (VSCC) mediate the entry of calcium ions into excitable cells and are also involved in a variety of calcium-dependent processes, including muscle contraction, hormone or neurotransmitter release, gene expression, cell motility, cell division and cell death. The isoform alpha-1G gives rise to T-type calcium currents. T-type calcium channels belong to the low-voltage activated (LVA) group and are strongly blocked by mibefradil. A particularity of this type of channels is an opening at quite negative potentials and a voltage-dependent inactivation. T-type channels serve pacemaking functions in both central neurons and cardiac nodal cells and support calcium signaling in secretory cells and vascular smooth muscle. They may also be involved in the modulation of firing patterns of neurons which is important for information processing as well as in cell growth processes.", "An anticonvulsant especially useful in the treatment of absence seizures unaccompanied by other types of seizures."]], ["Ethyl loflazepate", "CCOC(=O)C1C(=O)NC2=C(C=C(C=C2)Cl)C(=N1)C3=CC=CC=C3F", ["Ethyl loflazepate is an organic molecular entity.", "Ethyl loflazepate (marketed under the brand names Meilax, Ronlax and Victan) is a drug which is a benzodiazepine derivative. It possesses anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, sedative and skeletal muscle relaxant properties. In animal studies it was found to have low toxicity, although in rats evidence of pulmonary phospholipidosis occurred with pulmonary foam cells developing with long-term use of very high doses. Its elimination half-life is 51 hours - 103 hours."]], ["Etilefrine", "CCNCC(C1=CC(=CC=C1)O)O", ["3-[2-(ethylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl]phenol is a member of phenols.", "Etilefrine is an adrenergic agonist that appears to interact with beta-1 and some alpha-adrenergic receptors. It has been used as a vasoconstrictor agent.", "Etilefrine is an adrenergic agonist with vasoconstrictive activity. Etilefrine selectively binds to and activates alpha-1-adrenergic receptors of the arteriolar and venous vasculature. This causes smooth muscle contraction and leads to a decrease in venous pooling and increase in blood pressure. This agent may also stimulate beta-1 adrenergic receptors, leading to positive chronotropic and inotropic effects.", "A phenylephrine-related beta-1 adrenergic and alpha adrenergic agonist used as a cardiotonic and antihypotensive agent."]], ["4'-Demethylepipodophyllotoxin 9-(4,6-O-ethylidene-beta-D-glucopyranoside)", "CC1OCC2C(O1)C(C(C(O2)OC3C4COC(=O)C4C(C5=CC6=C(C=C35)OCO6)C7=CC(=C(C(=C7)OC)O)OC)O)O", ["5-[(7,8-dihydroxy-2-methyl-4,4a,6,7,8,8a-hexahydropyrano[3,2-d][1,3]dioxin-6-yl)oxy]-9-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-5a,6,8a,9-tetrahydro-5H-isobenzofuro[6,5-f][1,3]benzodioxol-8-one is a furonaphthodioxole.", "A semisynthetic derivative of PODOPHYLLOTOXIN that exhibits antitumor activity. Etoposide inhibits DNA synthesis by forming a complex with topoisomerase II and DNA. This complex induces breaks in double stranded DNA and prevents repair by topoisomerase II binding. Accumulated breaks in DNA prevent entry into the mitotic phase of cell division, and lead to cell death. Etoposide acts primarily in the G2 and S phases of the cell cycle."]], ["9-(4-Methoxy-2,3,6-trimethylphenyl)-3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid ethyl ester", "CCOC(=O)C=C(C)C=CC=C(C)C=CC1=C(C(=C(C=C1C)OC)C)C", ["Etretinate is a medication used to treat severe psoriasis. It is a synthetic aromatic retinoid. The mechanism of action of etretinate is still incompletely understood although, like retinoic acid, it is thought to interfere with the terminal differentiation of keratinocytes. It is thought to bind to the retinoic acid receptors. Etretinate is also believed to enhance the binding of cAMP to the regulatory RI subunit of cAMP dependent protein kinases. Etretinate was taken off the market in Canada in 1996 and America in 1998 due to the risk of birth defects. Etretinate is now used to treat T-cell lymphomas. It also appears to inhibit NADH oxidase activity."]], ["Evans blue", "CC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C2=CC(=C(C=C2)N=NC3=C(C4=C(C=C3)C(=CC(=C4N)S(=O)(=O)O)S(=O)(=O)O)O)C)N=NC5=C(C6=C(C=C5)C(=CC(=C6N)S(=O)(=O)O)S(=O)(=O)O)O", ["Evans blue free acid is a naphthalenesulfonic acid that is the free acid form of the dye Evans blue. The tetrasodium salt is used as a counterstain, especially in fluorescent methods to suppress background autofluorescence. It has a role as a sodium channel blocker and a teratogenic agent. It is a bis(azo) compound, a naphthalenesulfonic acid, a member of azobenzenes, a member of naphthols, a member of biphenyls, an aminonaphthalene and a primary arylamine. It is a conjugate acid of an Evans blue(4-).", "An azo dye used in blood volume and cardiac output measurement by the dye dilution method. It is very soluble, strongly bound to plasma albumin, and disappears very slowly."]], ["Fenofibrate", "CC(C)OC(=O)C(C)(C)OC1=CC=C(C=C1)C(=O)C2=CC=C(C=C2)Cl", ["Fenofibrate is a chlorobenzophenone that is (4-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methanone substituted by a [2-methyl-1-oxo-1-(propan-2-yloxy)propan-2-yl]oxy group at position 1 on the phenyl ring. It has a role as an antilipemic drug, an environmental contaminant, a xenobiotic and a geroprotector. It is a chlorobenzophenone, a member of monochlorobenzenes, an aromatic ether and an isopropyl ester. It is functionally related to a benzophenone.", "Fenofibrate is a fibric acid derivative like [clofibrate] and [gemfibrozil]. Fenofibrate is used to treat primary hypercholesterolemia, mixed dyslipidemia, severe hypertriglyceridemia.  Fenofibrate was granted FDA approval on 31 December 1993.", "Fenofibrate is a Peroxisome Proliferator Receptor alpha Agonist. The mechanism of action of fenofibrate is as a Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor alpha Agonist.", "Fenofibrate is a fibric acid derivative used in the therapy of hypertriglyceridemia and dyslipidemia. Fenofibrate therapy is associated with mild and transient serum aminotransferase elevations and with rare instances of acute liver injury, which can be severe and prolonged and lead to significant hepatic fibrosis.", "Fenofibrate is a synthetic phenoxy-isobutyric acid derivate and prodrug with antihyperlipidemic activity. Fenofibrate is hydrolyzed in vivo to its active metabolite fenofibric acid that binds to and activates peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha), resulting in the activation of lipoprotein lipase and reduction of the production of apoprotein C-III, an inhibitor of lipoprotein lipase activity. Increased lipolysis and a fall in plasma triglycerides, in turn, leads to the modification of the small, dense low density lipoporotein (LDL) particles into larger particles that are catabolized more rapidly due to a greater affinity for cholesterol receptors. In addition, activation of PPARalpha also increases the synthesis of apoproteins A-I, A-II, and high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol. Overall, fenofibrate reduces total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, apolipoprotein B, total triglycerides and triglyceride rich lipoprotein (VLDL) while increasing HDL cholesterol.", "An antilipemic agent which reduces both cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood. ", "An antilipemic agent which reduces both CHOLESTEROL and TRIGLYCERIDES in the blood."]], ["Fenoldopam", "C1CNCC(C2=CC(=C(C(=C21)Cl)O)O)C3=CC=C(C=C3)O", ["Fenoldopam is a benzazepine. It has a role as a dopaminergic antagonist, a vasodilator agent, an alpha-adrenergic agonist, a dopamine agonist and an antihypertensive agent.", "A dopamine D1 receptor agonist that is used as an antihypertensive agent. It lowers blood pressure through arteriolar vasodilation.", "Fenoldopam is a Dopaminergic Agonist. The mechanism of action of fenoldopam is as a Dopamine Agonist.", "Fenoldopam is a benzazepine derivative with vasodilatory and antihypertensive properties. Fenoldopam, a dopamine (DA) receptor agonist, binds specifically to peripheral DA1 receptors and to alpha-2 adrenoceptors with moderate affinity. However, this agent exhibits no significant affinity to DA2, other alpha adrenergic, beta adrenergic, muscarinic, or serotonergic receptors. Receptor binding modulates the transmembrane flux of ions, thereby stimulating adenylate cyclase activity, as well as the release of prolactin. This results in vasodilatation, increased renal blood flow thereby enhancing natriuresis and diuresis leading to a lowering in diastolic blood pressure.", "A dopamine D1 receptor agonist that is used as an antihypertensive agent. It lowers blood pressure through arteriolar vasodilation."]], ["Fentanyl", "CCC(=O)N(C1CCN(CC1)CCC2=CC=CC=C2)C3=CC=CC=C3", ["Fentanyl is a monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of N-phenyl-1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidin-4-amine with propanoic acid. It has a role as an opioid analgesic, a mu-opioid receptor agonist, an anaesthesia adjuvant, an intravenous anaesthetic, an adjuvant and an anaesthetic. It is a member of piperidines, an anilide and a monocarboxylic acid amide.", "Fentanyl, a potent opioid agonist, was developed in the 1950s to fill a need for strong and rapid analgesia. Because of these characteristics, fentanyl is commonly used to treat chronic cancer pain or in anesthesia. Fentanyl is related to other opioids like [morphine] and [oxycodone].  Fentanyl's high potency has also made it a common adulterant in illicit drugs, especially heroin. In 2017, 47600 overdose deaths in the United States involved some opioid (over 2/3 of all overdose deaths). Opioid overdoses kill an average of 11 Canadians daily.  Fentanyl was FDA approved in 1968.", "Fentanyl is an Opioid Agonist. The mechanism of action of fentanyl is as a Full Opioid Agonist.", "Fentanyl is a synthetic, lipophilic phenylpiperidine opioid agonist with analgesic and anesthetic properties. Fentanyl selectively binds to and activates the mu-receptor in the central nervous system (CNS) thereby mimicking the effects of endogenous opiates. Activation of the mu-subtype opioid receptor stimulates the exchange of GTP for GDP on the G-protein complex and subsequently inhibits adenylate cyclase. This causes a decrease in intracellular cAMP which inhibits cAMP-mediated calcium influx into the cell via the calcium channels and thereby results in hyperpolarization and reduced neuronal excitability.", "A potent narcotic analgesic, abuse of which leads to habituation or addiction. It is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. Fentanyl is also used as an adjunct to general anesthetics, and as an anesthetic for induction and maintenance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1078)", "A potent narcotic analgesic, abuse of which leads to habituation or addiction. It is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. Fentanyl is also used as an adjunct to general anesthetics, and as an anesthetic for induction and maintenance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1078)"]], ["Fexofenadine", "CC(C)(C1=CC=C(C=C1)C(CCCN2CCC(CC2)C(C3=CC=CC=C3)(C4=CC=CC=C4)O)O)C(=O)O", ["Fexofenadine is a piperidine-based anti-histamine compound. It has a role as a H1-receptor antagonist and an anti-allergic agent. It is a member of piperidines and a tertiary amine. It is functionally related to an isobutyric acid.", "Fexofenadine is an over-the-counter second-generation antihistamine used in the treatment of various allergic symptoms. It is selective for the H1 receptor, carries little-to-no activity at off-targets, and does not cross the blood-brain barrier - this is in contrast to previous first-generation antihistamines, such as [diphenhydramine], which readily bind to off-targets that contribute to side effects such as sedation. Fexofenadine is the major active metabolite of [terfenadine] and is administered as a racemic mixture in which both enantiomers display approximately equivalent antihistamine activity.", "Fexofenadine is a Histamine-1 Receptor Antagonist. The mechanism of action of fexofenadine is as a Histamine H1 Receptor Antagonist.", "Fexofenadine is a second generation antihistamine that is used for the treatment of allergic rhinitis, angioedema and chronic urticaria. Fexofenadine has not been linked to serum enzyme elevations during therapy or to instances of clinically apparent acute liver injury.", "Fexofenadine is a second generation, long-lasting selective histamine H1 receptor antagonist with antiinflammatory property. Fexofenadine is a highly selective and reversible competitor at peripheral H1 histamine receptors in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, blood vessels, and bronchial smooth muscle. This agent interferes with mediators release from mast cells either by inhibiting calcium ion influx across mast cell/basophil plasma membrane or by inhibiting intracellular calcium ion release within the cells. In addition fexofenadine may also inhibit the late-phase allergic reaction by acting on leukotrienes or prostaglandins, or by producing an anti-platelet activating factor effect. Overall, this agent blocks the actions of endogenous histamine, thereby leads to temporary relief of the negative symptoms associated with histamine and achieve effects such as decreased vascular permeability, reduction of pruritus and localized smooth muscle relaxation.", "Fexofenadine is an antihistamine drug used in the treatment of hayfever and similar allergy symptoms. It was developed as a successor of and alternative to terfenadine, an antihistamine with potentially fatal contraindications. Fexofenadine, like other second-generation antihistamines, does not readily enter the brain from the blood, and so causes less drowsiness than first generation histamine receptor antagonists; Fexofenadine hydrochloride (brand names include Allegra and Telfast) is an antihistamine drug used in the treatment of hayfever and similar allergy symptoms. It was developed as a successor of and alternative to terfenadine, an antihistamine with potentially fatal contraindications. Fexofenadine, like other second generation antihistamines, does not readily enter the brain from the blood, and so causes less drowsiness than first-generation histamine-receptor antagonists."]], ["Flavoxate", "CC1=C(OC2=C(C1=O)C=CC=C2C(=O)OCCN3CCCCC3)C4=CC=CC=C4", ["Flavoxate is a carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of 3-methylflavone-8-carboxylic acid with 2-(1-piperidinyl)ethanol. It has a role as a parasympatholytic, a muscarinic antagonist and an antispasmodic drug. It is a member of piperidines, a member of flavones, a carboxylic ester and a tertiary amino compound. It is functionally related to a 3-methylflavone-8-carboxylic acid and a 2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethanol. It is a conjugate base of a flavoxate(1+).", "Flavoxate is a Cholinergic Muscarinic Antagonist. The mechanism of action of flavoxate is as a Cholinergic Muscarinic Antagonist.", "Flavoxate is a synthetic anticholinergic agent that is used for treatment of urinary incontinence and overactive bladder syndrome. Flavoxate has not been implicated in causing liver enzyme elevations or clinically apparent acute liver injury.", "Flavoxate is a synthetic parasympatholytic with antimuscarinic, muscle relaxant and urinary antispasmodic properties. Flavoxate binds and inhibits muscarinic receptors, thereby suppressing the micturition reflex and increases urinary bladder capacity by modifying the micturition center in the brain stem. In addition, this agent has been found to inhibit cyclic AMP formation in striatal membranes of the brain through stimulation of pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein-coupled receptors which in turn suppress isovolumetric urinary bladder contraction.", "A drug that has been used in various urinary syndromes and as an antispasmodic. Its therapeutic usefulness and its mechanism of action are not clear. It may have local anesthetic activity and direct relaxing effects on smooth muscle as well as some activity as a muscarinic antagonist."]], ["Fludiazepam", "CN1C(=O)CN=C(C2=C1C=CC(=C2)Cl)C3=CC=CC=C3F", ["Fludiazepam is a 1,4-benzodiazepinone, an organochlorine compound and an organofluorine compound. It has a role as an anxiolytic drug. It is functionally related to a monofluorobenzene and a diazepam.", "Fludiazepam is a drug which is a benzodiazepine derivative. It possesses anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, sedative and skeletal muscle relaxant properties. It is a scheduled drug in the U.S., but is approved for use in Japan.", "Fludiazepam is a drug which is a benzodiazepine derivative. It possesses anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, sedative and skeletal muscle relaxant properties. It is a scheduled drug in the U.S., but is approved for use in Japan."]], ["Flumazenil", "CCOC(=O)C1=C2CN(C(=O)C3=C(N2C=N1)C=CC(=C3)F)C", ["Flumazenil is an organic heterotricyclic compound that is 5,6-dihydro-4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted at positions 3, 5, 6, and 8 by ethoxycarbonyl, methyl, oxo, and fluoro groups, respectively. It is used as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdose. It has a role as a GABA antagonist and an antidote to benzodiazepine poisoning. It is an ethyl ester, an organofluorine compound and an imidazobenzodiazepine.", "Fumazenil is an imidazobenzodiazepine derivative and a potent benzodiazepine receptor antagonist that competitively inhibits the activity at the benzodiazepine recognition site on the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor complex, thereby reversing the effects of benzodiazepine on the central nervous system.", "Flumazenil is a Benzodiazepine Antagonist.", "Flumazenil is an imidazo-benzodiazepine derivative, effective in reversing benzodiazepine-induced activities. Flumazenil antagonizes the benzodiazepine binding site of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)/benzodiazepine receptor complex in the central nervous system (CNS), thereby preventing the chloride channel opening events and inhibiting neuronal hyperpolarization. As a result, flumazenil reverses benzodiazepine-induced effects including sedation, psychomotor deficits, amnesia, and hypoventilation in a dose-dependent manner.", "A potent benzodiazepine receptor antagonist. Since it reverses the sedative and other actions of benzodiazepines, it has been suggested as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdoses."]], ["Flunitrazepam", "CN1C(=O)CN=C(C2=C1C=CC(=C2)[N+](=O)[O-])C3=CC=CC=C3F", ["Flunitrazepam is a 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is nitrazepam substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and by a fluoro group at position 2'. It is a potent hypnotic, sedative, and amnestic drug used to treat chronic insomnia. It has a role as a sedative, a GABAA receptor agonist and an anxiolytic drug. It is a 1,4-benzodiazepinone, a C-nitro compound and a member of monofluorobenzenes.", "Flunitrazepam is a benzodiazepine with pharmacologic actions similar to those of diazepam that can cause anterograde amnesia. Some reports indicate that it is used as a date rape drug and suggest that it may precipitate violent behavior. The United States Government has banned the importation of this drug.", "A benzodiazepine with pharmacologic actions similar to those of diazepam that can cause anterograde amnesia. Some reports indicate that it is used as a date rape drug and suggest that it may precipitate violent behavior. The United States Government has banned the importation of this drug. [PubChem]", "A benzodiazepine with pharmacologic actions similar to those of DIAZEPAM that can cause ANTEROGRADE AMNESIA. Some reports indicate that it is used as a date rape drug and suggest that it may precipitate violent behavior. The United States Government has banned the importation of this drug."]], ["Topsyn", "CC(=O)OCC(=O)C12C(CC3C1(CC(C4(C3CC(C5=CC(=O)C=CC54C)F)F)O)C)OC(O2)(C)C", ["A topical glucocorticoid used in the treatment of ECZEMA."]], ["2-(6-Hydroxy-3-oxo-3H-xanthen-9-yl)benzoic acid", "C1=CC=C(C(=C1)C2=C3C=CC(=O)C=C3OC4=C2C=CC(=C4)O)C(=O)O", ["Fluorescein (acid form) is a xanthene dye that is highly fluorescent and commonly used as a fluorescent tracer. It has a role as a radioopaque medium and a fluorescent dye. It is a xanthene dye, a member of benzoic acids, a hydroxy monocarboxylic acid, a cyclic ketone, a member of phenols and an organic heterotricyclic compound.", "A phthalic indicator dye that appears yellow-green in normal tear film and bright green in a more alkaline medium such as the aqueous humor."]], ["Efflumidex", "CC1CC2C3CCC(C3(CC(C2(C4(C1=CC(=O)C=C4)C)F)O)C)(C(=O)C)O", ["A glucocorticoid employed, usually as eye drops, in the treatment of allergic and inflammatory conditions of the eye. It has also been used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p732)"]], ["Fluoxetine", "CNCCC(C1=CC=CC=C1)OC2=CC=C(C=C2)C(F)(F)F", ["N-methyl-3-phenyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]propan-1-amine is an aromatic ether consisting of 4-trifluoromethylphenol in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group is replaced by a 3-(methylamino)-1-phenylpropyl group. It is a member of (trifluoromethyl)benzenes, an aromatic ether and a secondary amino compound.", "Fluoxetine is a 2nd generation antidepressant categorized as a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). It gained FDA approval in 1987 and although it was initially intended for the treatment of depression, today it is commonly prescribed to manage depression in addition to various other pathologies.", "Fluoxetine is a Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor. The mechanism of action of fluoxetine is as a Serotonin Uptake Inhibitor.", "Fluoxetine is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) widely used as an antidepressant. Fluoxetine therapy can be associated with transient asymptomatic elevations in serum aminotransferase levels and has been linked to rare instances of clinically apparent acute liver injury.", "Fluoxetine is a natural product found in Hordeum vulgare with data available.", "Fluoxetine is a diphenhydramine derivative and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor with antidepressant, anti-anxiety, antiobsessional and antibulimic activity and with potential immunomodulating activity. Upon administration, fluoxetine binds to the presynaptic serotonin (5-HT) receptor resulting in negative allosteric modulation of the receptor complex, thereby blocking recycling of serotonin by the presynaptic receptor. Inhibition of serotonin reuptake by fluoxetine enhances serotonergic function through serotonin accumulation in the synaptic space, resulting in long-term desensitization and downregulation of 5-HT receptors, preventing 5-HT-mediated signaling and leading to antidepressant, anti-anxiety, antiobsessional and antibulimic effects. In addition, fluoxetine may inhibit the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-6 (IL-6). This may prevent IL-6-mediated inflammation and cytokine storm.", "Fluoxetine hydrochloride is the first agent of the class of antidepressants known as selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Fluoxetine is a racemic mixture of the R- and S- enantiomers and are of equivalent pharmacologic activity. Despite distinct structural differences between compounds in this class, SSRIs possess similar pharmacological activity. As with other antidepressant agents, several weeks of therapy may be required before a clinical effect is seen. SSRIs are potent inhibitors of neuronal serotonin reuptake. They have little to no effect on norepinephrine or dopamine reuptake and do not antagonize &alpha;- or &beta;-adrenergic, dopamine D<sub>2</sub> or histamine H<sub>1</sub> receptors. During acute use, SSRIs block serotonin reuptake and increase serotonin stimulation of somatodendritic 5-HT<sub>1A</sub> and terminal autoreceptors. Chronic use leads to desensitization of somatodendritic 5-HT<sub>1A</sub> and terminal autoreceptors. The overall clinical effect of increased mood and decreased anxiety is thought to be due to adaptive changes in neuronal function that leads to enhanced serotonergic neurotransmission. Side effects include dry mouth, nausea, dizziness, drowsiness, sexual dysfunction and headache. Side effects generally occur within the first two weeks of therapy and are usually less severe and frequent than those observed with tricyclic antidepressants. Fluoxetine may be used to treat major depressive disorder (MDD), moderate to severe bulimia nervosa, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), panic disorder with or without agoraphobia, and in combination with olanzapine for treatment-resistant or bipolar I depression. Fluoxetine is the most anorexic and stimulating SSRI.", "The first highly specific serotonin uptake inhibitor. It is used as an antidepressant and often has a more acceptable side-effects profile than traditional antidepressants."]], ["Fluphenazine enanthate", "CCCCCCC(=O)OCCN1CCN(CC1)CCCN2C3=CC=CC=C3SC4=C2C=C(C=C4)C(F)(F)F", ["Fluphenazine enanthate is a member of phenothiazines."]], ["Flurazepam", "CCN(CC)CCN1C(=O)CN=C(C2=C1C=CC(=C2)Cl)C3=CC=CC=C3F", ["Flurazepam is a 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a 2-(diethylamino)ethyl group, 2-fluorophenyl group and chloro group at positions 1, 5 and 7, respectively. It is a partial agonist of GABAA receptors and used for the treatment of insomnia. It has a role as a sedative, an anticonvulsant, a GABAA receptor agonist and an anxiolytic drug. It is a 1,4-benzodiazepinone, an organochlorine compound, a member of monofluorobenzenes and a tertiary amino compound.", "A benzodiazepine derivative used mainly as a hypnotic.", "Flurazepam is a Benzodiazepine.", "Flurazepam is an orally available benzodiazepine used for therapy of insomnia. As with most benzodiazepines, flurazepam therapy has not been associated with serum aminotransferase or alkaline phosphatase elevations; clinically apparent liver injury from flurazepam has been reported, but is very rare.", "Flurazepam is a member of the benzodiazepines and a long-acting depressor of the central nervous system (CNS) with sedative and hypnotic effects. Flurazepam binds to a specific site on the benzodiazepine-gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-A-chloride ionophore receptor complex located on the neuronal membrane. Binding causes an allosteric modification of the receptor thereby enhancing the affinity of GABA to the receptor leading to an increase in the frequency of chloride-channel opening events, which leads to an increase in chloride ion conductance, neuronal hyperpolarization, inhibition of the action potential, and a decrease in neuronal excitability. By modulating binding of the GABA inhibitory neurotransmitter to GABA-A receptors in the ascending reticular activating system, flurazepam blocks arousal of the cortical and limbic system, thereby exerting its sedative and hypnotic effect.", "Flurazepam is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a benzodiazepine derivative used mainly as a hypnotic. [PubChem]Flurazepam binds to an allosteric site on GABA-A receptors. Binding potentiates the action of GABA on GABA-A receptors by opening the chloride channel within the receptor, causing chloride influx and hyperpolarization.", "A benzodiazepine derivative used mainly as a hypnotic."]], ["Fluspirilene", "C1CN(CCC12C(=O)NCN2C3=CC=CC=C3)CCCC(C4=CC=C(C=C4)F)C5=CC=C(C=C5)F", ["8-[4,4-bis(4-fluorophenyl)butyl]-1-phenyl-1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decan-4-one is a diarylmethane.", "A long-acting injectable antipsychotic agent used for chronic schizophrenia.", "A long-acting injectable antipsychotic agent used for chronic schizophrenia."]], ["Foscarnet", "C(=O)(O)P(=O)(O)O", ["Phosphonoformic acid is phosphoric acid in which one of the hydroxy groups is replaced by a carboxylic acid group. It is used as the trisodium salt as an antiviral agent in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMV retinitis, an inflamation of the retina that can lead to blindness) and as an alternative to ganciclovir for AIDS patients who require concurrent antiretroviral therapy but are unable to tolerate ganciclovir due to haematological toxicity. It has a role as an antiviral drug, a sodium-dependent Pi-transporter inhibitor, a HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor and a geroprotector. It is a one-carbon compound, a member of phosphonic acids and a carboxylic acid. It is functionally related to a phosphonic acid and a formic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a phosphonatoformate and a phosphonoformate(2-).", "An antiviral agent used in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis. Foscarnet also shows activity against human herpes viruses and HIV.", "Foscarnet is a Pyrophosphate Analog DNA Polymerase Inhibitor. The mechanism of action of foscarnet is as a DNA Polymerase Inhibitor, and Chelating Activity.", "Foscarnet a simple pyrophosphate molecule which has antiviral activity against many viruses and is used intravenously in therapy of serious cytomegalovirus infections, largely in immunocompromised patients. Foscarnet has been associated with mild-to-moderate serum aminotransferase elevations during intravenous therapy, but not with episodes of clinically apparent liver injury.", "Foscarnet is a natural product found in Streptomyces hygroscopicus with data available.", "Foscarnet is a synthetic organic analog of inorganic pyrophosphate with activity against several types of viruses, but primarily used for the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis. Foscarnet selectively blocks the pyrophosphate binding site of virus-specific DNA polymerases at concentrations that do not affect cellular DNA polymerases. Because this agent crosses the blood brain barrier, it may be used in the treatment of viral infections of the central nervous system.", "An antiviral agent used in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis. Foscarnet also shows activity against human herpesviruses and HIV."]], ["4-Cyclohexyl-1-[2-[(2-methyl-1-propanoyloxypropoxy)-(4-phenylbutyl)phosphoryl]acetyl]pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid", "CCC(=O)OC(C(C)C)OP(=O)(CCCCC1=CC=CC=C1)CC(=O)N2CC(CC2C(=O)O)C3CCCCC3", ["Fosinopril is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor used in the therapy of hypertension and heart failure. Fosinopril is associated with a low rate of transient serum aminotransferase elevations during therapy and has been linked to rare instances of acute liver injury.", "Fosinopril is a phosphinic acid-containing angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor with antihypertensive activity. As an ester prodrug, fosinopril is hydrolysed by esterases to its active metabolite fosinoprilat. Fosinoprilat specifically and competitively inhibits angiotensin-converting enzyme thereby decreasing the formation of the potent vasoconstrictor angiotensin II, resulting in diminished vasopressor activity. In addition, angiotensin II-mediated aldosterone secretion by adrenal cortex is decreased, which results in a decrease of sodium retention and an increase in water outflow.", "A phosphinic acid-containing angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor that is effective in the treatment of hypertension. It is a prodrug that is converted to its active metabolite fosinoprilat."]], ["Fusaric acid", "CCCCC1=CN=C(C=C1)C(=O)O", ["Fusaric acid is a member of pyridines and an aromatic carboxylic acid.", "Fusaric acid is a natural product found in Fusarium verticillioides, Fusarium solani, and Fusarium fujikuroi with data available.", "Fusaric acid is a mycotoxin found in various Fusarium species such as Fusarium moniliforme. It has been proposed for a various therapeutic applications but is primarily used as a research tool. Fusaric acid is moderately toxic and can be found in contaminated corn and cereal grains including barley, wheat, millets and sorghum. (L1963, A3020)", "A picolinic acid derivative isolated from various Fusarium species. It has been proposed for a variety of therapeutic applications but is primarily used as a research tool. Its mechanisms of action are poorly understood. It probably inhibits DOPAMINE BETA-HYDROXYLASE, the enzyme that converts dopamine to norepinephrine. It may also have other actions, including the inhibition of cell proliferation and DNA synthesis."]], ["Gabexate", "CCOC(=O)C1=CC=C(C=C1)OC(=O)CCCCCN=C(N)N", ["4-[6-(diaminomethylideneamino)-1-oxohexoxy]benzoic acid ethyl ester is a benzoate ester.", "Gabexate is a synthetic serine protease inhibitor which has been used as an anticoagulant. It also known to decrease production of inflammatory cytokines. Gabexate has been investigated for use in cancer, ischemia-reperfusion injury, and pancreatitis.", "A serine proteinase inhibitor used therapeutically in the treatment of pancreatitis, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), and as a regional anticoagulant for hemodialysis. The drug inhibits the hydrolytic effects of thrombin, plasmin, and kallikrein, but not of chymotrypsin and aprotinin."]], ["Gaboxadol", "C1CNCC2=C1C(=O)NO2", ["4,5,6,7-Tetrahydroisoxazolo(5,4-c)pyridin-3-ol is an oxazole.", "Gaboxadol also known as 4,5,6,7-tetrahydroisoxazolo(5,4-c)pyridin-3-ol (THIP) is an experimental sleep aid drug developed by Lundbeck and Merck, who reported increased deep sleep without the reinforcing effects of benzodiazepines. Development of Gaboxadol was stopped in March 2007 after concerns regarding safety and efficacy. It acts on the GABA system, but in a seemingly different way from benzodiazepines and other sedatives."]], ["Galantamin", "CN1CCC23C=CC(CC2OC4=C(C=CC(=C34)C1)OC)O", ["LSM-1597 is an alkaloid.", "Galantamin is a natural product found in Lycoris sanguinea, Narcissus confusus, and other organisms with data available.", "A benzazepine derived from norbelladine. It is found in GALANTHUS and other AMARYLLIDACEAE. It is a cholinesterase inhibitor that has been used to reverse the muscular effects of GALLAMINE TRIETHIODIDE and TUBOCURARINE and has been studied as a treatment for ALZHEIMER DISEASE and other central nervous system disorders."]], ["Flaxedil", "CC[N+](CC)(CC)CCOC1=C(C(=CC=C1)OCC[N+](CC)(CC)CC)OCC[N+](CC)(CC)CC", ["2-[2,3-bis[2-(triethylammonio)ethoxy]phenoxy]ethyl-triethylammonium is an aromatic ether.", "A synthetic nondepolarizing blocking drug. The actions of gallamine triethiodide are similar to those of TUBOCURARINE, but this agent blocks the cardiac vagus and may cause sinus tachycardia and, occasionally, hypertension and increased cardiac output. It should be used cautiously in patients at risk from increased heart rate but may be preferred for patients with bradycardia. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p198)"]], ["Vanoxerine", "C1CN(CCN1CCCC2=CC=CC=C2)CCOC(C3=CC=C(C=C3)F)C4=CC=C(C=C4)F", ["Vanoxerine is an N-alkylpiperazine that consists of piperazine bearing 2-bis(4-fluorophenyl)methoxy]ethyl and 3-phenylpropyl groups at positions 1 and 4 respectively. Potent, competitive inhibitor of dopamine uptake (Ki = 1 nM for inhibition of striatal dopamine uptake). Has > 100-fold lower affinity for the noradrenalin and 5-HT uptake carriers. Also a potent sigma ligand (IC50 = 48 nM). Centrally active following systemic administration. It has a role as a dopamine uptake inhibitor. It is a N-alkylpiperazine, an organofluorine compound, a tertiary amino compound and an ether. It is a conjugate base of a vanoxerine(2+).", "Vanoxerine is a highly selective dopamine transporter antagonist. It was synthesized in the late 1970s and developed as a potential treatment for depression. Vanoxerine was later evaluated as a potential treatment for cocaine addiction due to its ability to block dopamine reuptake with a slower dissociation rate than cocaine. Although several studies have suggested that the profile of vanoxerine is safer than that of cocaine, other studies have found that vanoxerine has at least moderate potential to be abused by humans. More recently, vanoxerine was tested as a potential anti-arrhythmic and anti-atrial fibrillatory agent due to its ability to block the hKV11.1 (hERG) cardiac potassium channel. Vanoxerine is an investigational drug and has not been approved for therapeutic use."]], ["Gentian violet cation", "CN(C)C1=CC=C(C=C1)C(=C2C=CC(=[N+](C)C)C=C2)C3=CC=C(C=C3)N(C)C", ["Crystal violet cation is an iminium ion that is malachite green cation in which the hydrogen at the para- psition of the monosubstituted phenyl group is replaced by a dimethylamino group. It has a role as an antibacterial agent and an antifungal agent.", "A dye that is a mixture of violet rosanilinis with antibacterial, antifungal, and anthelmintic properties.", "A dye that is a mixture of violet rosanilinis with antibacterial, antifungal, and anthelmintic properties. "]], ["Glyburide", "COC1=C(C=C(C=C1)Cl)C(=O)NCCC2=CC=C(C=C2)S(=O)(=O)NC(=O)NC3CCCCC3", ["Glyburide is an N-sulfonylurea that is acetohexamide in which the acetyl group is replaced by a 2-(5-chloro-2-methoxybenzamido)ethyl group. It has a role as a hypoglycemic agent, an anti-arrhythmia drug, an EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor and an EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitor. It is a N-sulfonylurea and a member of monochlorobenzenes.", "Glyburide is a second generation sulfonylurea used to treat patients with diabetes mellitus type II. It is typically given to patients who cannot be managed with the standard first line therapy, [metformin]. Glyburide stimulates insulin secretion through the closure of ATP-sensitive potassium channels on beta cells, raising intracellular potassium and calcium ion concentrations.  Glyburide was granted FDA approval on 1 May 1984. A formulation with metformin was granted FDA approval on on 31 July 2000.", "Glyburide is a Sulfonylurea.", "Glyburide is a sulfonamide urea derivative with antihyperglycemic activity that can potentially be used to decrease cerebral edema. Upon administration, glyburide binds to and blocks the sulfonylurea receptor type 1 (SUR1) subunit of the ATP-sensitive inwardly-rectifying potassium (K(ATP)) channels on the membranes of pancreatic beta cells. This prevents the inward current flow of positively charged potassium (K+) ions into the cell, and induces a calcium ion (Ca2+) influx through voltage-sensitive calcium channels, which triggers exocytosis of insulin-containing granules. In addition, glyburide also inhibits the SUR1-regulated nonselective cation (NC) Ca-ATP channel, melastatin 4 (transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 4; (TRPM4)), thereby preventing capillary failure and brain swelling. SUR1-TRPM4 channels are formed by co-assembly of SUR1 with TRPM4 in neurons, astrocytes, and capillary endothelium during cerebral ischemia. Upon ischemia-induced ATP depletion, channels open which results in sodium influx, cytotoxic edema formation, capillary fragmentation and necrotic cell death. SUR1-TRPM4 is not expressed in normal, uninjured tissues.", "An antidiabetic sulfonylurea derivative with actions like those of chlorpropamide"]], ["Glycopyrronium", "C[N+]1(CCC(C1)OC(=O)C(C2CCCC2)(C3=CC=CC=C3)O)C", ["2-cyclopentyl-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetic acid (1,1-dimethyl-3-pyrrolidin-1-iumyl) ester is a member of benzenes.", "Glycopyrronium, also known as NVA237 or glycopyrrolate, is a racemic mixture of two enantiomers. They are both quaternary ammonium compounds and long acting muscarinic antagonists. It is one of the most commonly prescribed anticholinergic medications. Early research into glycopyrronium use was for its indication as an adjunct therapy in the treatment of peptic ulcers. Later research, taking advantage of the systemic distribution of muscarinic receptors through the body, found that glycopyrronium could also be used for reducing sweat gland, oral, airway, and gastric secretions; as well as reducing cardiac inhibitory reflexes; and reducing bronchoconstriction in COPD. Glycopyrronium is commonly prescribed as a first line treatment for a wide variety indications and is considered to have a wider therapeutic window than [tiotropium].  Glycopyrronium was originally granted FDA approval on 11 August 1961.", "Glycopyrronium is a natural product found in Rhizoglyphus robini with data available.", "A muscarinic antagonist used as an antispasmodic, in some disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, and to reduce salivation with some anesthetics."]], ["Liquorice", "CC1(C2CCC3(C(C2(CCC1OC4C(C(C(C(O4)C(=O)O)O)O)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)C(=O)O)O)O)O)C)C(=O)C=C6C3(CCC7(C6CC(CC7)(C)C(=O)O)C)C)C)C", ["Glycyrrhizin is a natural product found in Glycyrrhiza glabra and Glycyrrhiza uralensis with data available."]], ["Gris-PEG", "CC1CC(=O)C=C(C12C(=O)C3=C(O2)C(=C(C=C3OC)OC)Cl)OC", ["Gris-PEG is a natural product found in Axinella verrucosa with data available.", "An antifungal agent used in the treatment of TINEA infections."]], ["Guanabenz", "C1=CC(=C(C(=C1)Cl)C=NN=C(N)N)Cl", ["An alpha-2 selective adrenergic agonist used as an antihypertensive agent."]], ["Guanethidine", "C1CCCN(CCC1)CCN=C(N)N", ["Guanethidine is a member of the class of guanidines in which one of the hydrogens of the amino group has been replaced by a 2-azocan-1-ylethyl group. It has a role as an antihypertensive agent, an adrenergic antagonist and a sympatholytic agent. It is a member of guanidines and a member of azocanes. It is functionally related to a guanidine. It derives from a hydride of an azocane.", "An antihypertensive agent that acts by inhibiting selectively transmission in post-ganglionic adrenergic nerves. It is believed to act mainly by preventing the release of norepinephrine at nerve endings and causes depletion of norepinephrine in peripheral sympathetic nerve terminals as well as in tissues."]], ["Guvacine", "C1CNCC(=C1)C(=O)O", ["Guvacine is a alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid that is nicotinic acid which has been hydrogenated at the 1-2 and 5-6 positions of the pyridine ring. It has a role as a plant metabolite and a GABA reuptake inhibitor. It is a beta-amino acid, a tetrahydropyridine, an alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid, a pyridine alkaloid and a secondary amino compound.", "Guvacine is a pyridine alkaloid found in the Areca nut (also known as the Betel nut). It is an experimental drug with no approved indication. Experimental studies are still being investigated to determine all of the physiological effects and mechanisms of action of guvacine. Currently it has been determined that guvacine is a specific GABA reuptake inhibitor with no significant affinity at GABA receptors."]], ["Halog", "CC1(OC2CC3C4CCC5=CC(=O)CCC5(C4(C(CC3(C2(O1)C(=O)CCl)C)O)F)C)C", ["A glucocorticoid used topically in the treatment of DERMATITIS; ECZEMA; or PSORIASIS. It may cause skin irritation."]], ["Haloprogin", "C1=C(C(=CC(=C1Cl)Cl)Cl)OCC#CI", ["Haloprogin is an aromatic ether.", "Haloprogin is used as a topical ointment or cream in the treatment of Tinea infections. Tinea infections are superficial fungal infections caused by three species of fungi collectively known as dermatophytes (Trichophyton, Microsporum and Epidermophyton). Commonly these infections are named for the body part affected, including tinea corporis (general skin), tinea cruris (groin), and tinea pedis (feet). Haloprogin is a halogenated phenolic ether administered topically for dermotaphytic infections. The mechanism of action is unknown, but it is thought to be via inhibition of oxygen uptake and disruption of yeast membrane structure and function. Haloprogin is no longer available in the United States and has been discontinued.", "Haloprogin is an antifungal agent used as a topical cream. It was discontinued in favor of newer antifungals with fewer side effects."]], ["Haloxazolam", "C1COC2(N1CC(=O)NC3=C2C=C(C=C3)Br)C4=CC=CC=C4F", ["Haloxazolam is an organic molecular entity.", "Haloxazolam is a benzodiazepine drug marketed primarily in Japan. It has similar hypnotic properties as the benzodiazepine drugs triazolam, temazepam, and flunitrazepam. It is indicated for the treatment insomnia."]], ["4H-1-Benzopyran-4-one, 7-[[6-O-(6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]oxy]-2,3-dihydro-5-hydroxy-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-, (S)-", "CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OCC2C(C(C(C(O2)OC3=CC(=C4C(=O)CC(OC4=C3)C5=CC(=C(C=C5)OC)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O", ["Hesperetin-7-rutinoside is a natural product found in Citrus tankan, Ficus formosana, and other organisms with data available.", "A flavanone glycoside found in CITRUS fruit peels."]], ["Hexafluronium", "C[N+](C)(CCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C1C2=CC=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C13)C4C5=CC=CC=C5C6=CC=CC=C46", ["Hexafluronium is a quaternary ammonium salt.", "Hexafluronium bromide is a neuromuscular blocking agent used in anesthesiology to prolong and potentiate the skeletal muscle relaxing action of suxamethonium during surgery. It is known to bind and block the activity of plasma cholinesterases."]], ["Dihydrodiethylstilbestrol", "CCC(C1=CC=C(C=C1)O)C(CC)C2=CC=C(C=C2)O", ["Hexestrol is a stilbenoid.", "Hexestrol is a synthetic hydrogenated derivative of diethylstilbestrol (DES). Hexestrol exhibits strong affinity for estrogen receptors that are overexpressed in some types of cancers.  When conjugated with a neoplastic drug, hexestrol may selectively concentrate the cytotoxic agent in estrogen receptor-rich tumors.  This agent may also be mutagenic. (NCI04)", "A synthetic estrogen that has been used as a hormonal antineoplastic agent.", "A synthetic estrogen that has been used as a hormonal antineoplastic agent."]], ["Homotropine", "CN1C2CCC1CC(C2)OC(=O)C(C3=CC=CC=C3)O", ["Homatropine is a synthetic tertiary amine alkaloid with antimuscarinic properties. Homatropine, a competitive inhibitor of acetylcholine at the muscarinic receptor, blocks parasympathetic nerve stimulation."]], ["Hydroflumethiazide", "C1NC2=C(C=C(C(=C2)C(F)(F)F)S(=O)(=O)N)S(=O)(=O)N1", ["Hydroflumethiazide is a benzothiadiazine consisting of a 3,4-dihydro-HH-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine bicyclic system dioxygenated on sulfur and carrying trifluoromethyl and aminosulfonyl groups at positions 6 and 7 respectively. A diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of hydrochlorothiazide. It has a role as a diuretic and an antihypertensive agent. It is a benzothiadiazine and a thiazide.", "A thiazide diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of hydrochlorothiazide. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p822)", "Hydroflumethiazide is a Thiazide Diuretic. The physiologic effect of hydroflumethiazide is by means of Increased Diuresis.", "Hydroflumethiazide is an intermediate-acting benzothiadiazine sulfonamide derivative belonging to the class of the thiazide diuretics.", "A thiazide diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p822)"]], ["Dilaudid (Salt/Mix)", "CN1CCC23C4C1CC5=C2C(=C(C=C5)O)OC3C(=O)CC4", ["Morphinan-6-one, 4,5alpha-epoxy-3-hydroxy-17-methyl- is a morphinane alkaloid."]], ["4-(2-Aminopropyl)phenol", "CC(CC1=CC=C(C=C1)O)N", ["4-(2-aminopropyl)phenol is a member of amphetamines.", "Hydroxyamphetamine is a derivative of amphetamines. Hydroxyamphetamine is intended mainly as local eye drops for diagnostic purposes. It is indirect sympathomimetic agent which cause dilation of the eye pupil before diagnostic test.  Among the minor side effects from its use are: change in color vision, difficulty seeing at night, dry mouth, headache, increased sensitivity of eyes to sunlight, muscle stiffness or tightness and temporary stinging in the eyes. The main use of hydroxyamphetamines as eye drops is the diagnosis of Horner's syndrome which is characterized by nerve lesions.", "Hydroxyamphetamine is an Adrenergic Receptor Agonist. The mechanism of action of hydroxyamphetamine is as an Adrenergic Agonist.", "4-(2-Aminopropyl)phenol is a natural product found in Senegalia berlandieri with data available.", "Hydroxyamphetamine is an indirect-acting sympathomimetic amine with adrenergic property. Hydroxyamphetamine, when applied topically to the eye, stimulates the release of norepinephrine from postganglionic adrenergic nerves resulting in the stimulation of both alpha and beta adrenergic receptors. Local alpha stimulatory effects include dilation of the pupil, increased flow of aqueous humor, and vasoconstriction; whereas beta stimulatory effects include relaxation of the ciliary muscle and a decreased production in aqueous humor.", "Amphetamine metabolite with sympathomimetic effects. It is sometimes called alpha-methyltyramine, which may also refer to the meta isomer, gepefrine."]], ["Hydroxychloroquine", "CCN(CCCC(C)NC1=C2C=CC(=CC2=NC=C1)Cl)CCO", ["Hydroxychloroquine is an aminoquinoline that is chloroquine in which one of the N-ethyl groups is hydroxylated at position 2. An antimalarial with properties similar to chloroquine that acts against erythrocytic forms of malarial parasites, it is mainly used as the sulfate salt for the treatment of lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and light-sensitive skin eruptions. It has a role as an antimalarial, an antirheumatic drug, a dermatologic drug and an anticoronaviral agent. It is an aminoquinoline, an organochlorine compound, a primary alcohol, a secondary amino compound and a tertiary amino compound. It is functionally related to a chloroquine. It is a conjugate base of a hydroxychloroquine(2+).", "Hydroxychloroquine is a racemic mixture consisting of an R and S enantiomer. Hydroxychloroquine is an aminoquinoline like [chloroquine]. It is a commonly prescribed medication in the treatment of uncomplicated malaria, rheumatoid arthritis, chronic discoid lupus erythematosus, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Hydroxychloroquine is also used for the prophylaxis of malaria in regions where chloroquine resistance is unlikely. It was developed during World War II as a derivative of [quinacrine] with less severe side effects. Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine are both being investigated for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2.  **The FDA emergency use authorization for hydroxychloroquine and [chloroquine] in the treatment of COVID-19 was revoked on 15 June 2020.**  Hydroxychloroquine was granted FDA approval on 18 April 1955.  A recent study reported a fatality in the group being treated with hydroxychloroquine for COVID-19.", "Hydroxychloroquine is an Antirheumatic Agent and Antimalarial.", "Hydroxychloroquine is a derivative of chloroquine that has both antimalarial and antiinflammatory activities and is now most often used as an antirheumatologic agent in systemic lupus erythematosis and rheumatoid arthritis. Hydroxychloroquine therapy has not been associated with liver function abnormalities and is an extremely rare cause of clinically apparent acute liver injury.", "Hydroxychloroquine is a 4-aminoquinoline with immunosuppressive, antiautophagy, and antimalarial activities. Although the precise mechanism of action is unknown, hydroxychloroquine may suppress immune function by interfering with the processing and presentation of antigens and the production of cytokines. As a lysosomotropic agent, hydroxychloroquine raises intralysosomal pH, impairing autophagic protein degradation; hydroxychloroquine-mediated accumulation of ineffective autophagosomes may result in cell death in tumor cells reliant on autophagy for survival.  In addition, this agent is highly active against the erythrocytic forms of P. vivax and malariae and most strains of P. falciparum but not the gametocytes of P. falciparum.", "Hydroxychloroquine is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a chemotherapeutic agent that acts against erythrocytic forms of malarial parasites. Although the exact mechanism of action is unknown, it may be based on ability of hydroxychloroquine to bind to and alter DNA. Hydroxychloroquine has also has been found to be taken up into the acidic food vacuoles of the parasite in the erythrocyte. This increases the pH of the acid vesicles, interfering with vesicle functions and possibly inhibiting phospholipid metabolism. In suppressive treatment, hydroxychloroquine inhibits the erythrocytic stage of development of plasmodia. In acute attacks of malaria, it interrupts erythrocytic schizogony of the parasite. Its ability to concentrate in parasitized erythrocytes may account for their selective toxicity against the erythrocytic stages of plasmodial infection. As an antirheumatic, hydroxychloroquine is thought to act as a mild immunosuppressant, inhibiting the production of rheumatoid factor and acute phase reactants. It also accumulates in white blood cells, stabilizing lysosomal membranes and inhibiting the activity of many enzymes, including collagenase and the proteases that cause cartilage breakdown.", "A chemotherapeutic agent that acts against erythrocytic forms of malarial parasites. Hydroxychloroquine appears to concentrate in food vacuoles of affected protozoa. It inhibits plasmodial heme polymerase. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p970)"]], ["Hydroxyzine", "C1CN(CCN1CCOCCO)C(C2=CC=CC=C2)C3=CC=C(C=C3)Cl", ["Hydroxyzine is a N-alkylpiperazine that is piperzine in which the nitrogens atoms are substituted by 2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethyl and (4-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methyl groups respectively. It has a role as a H1-receptor antagonist, an anxiolytic drug, a dermatologic drug, an antipruritic drug and an anticoronaviral agent. It is a N-alkylpiperazine, a hydroxyether and a member of monochlorobenzenes.", "Hydroxyzine is a first-generation histamine H1-receptor antagonist of the dephenylmethane and piperazine classes that exhibits sedative, anxiolytic, and antiemetic properties. It was first developed in 1955, and has since remained a relatively common treatment for allergic conditions such as pruritus, urticaria, dermatoses, and histamine-mediated pruritus. The active metabolite of hydroxyzine, [cetirizine], is also available as an active ingredient in allergic medications, and is responsible for much of its hydroxyzine's antihistaminic effect. Hydroxyzine is also used for generalized anxiety disorder, tension caused by psychoneurosis, and other conditions with manifestations of anxiety.", "Hydroxyzine is an Antihistamine. The mechanism of action of hydroxyzine is as a Histamine Receptor Antagonist.", "Hydroxyzine is a first generation antihistamine that is used largely for symptoms of itching, nausea, anxiety and tension. Hydroxyzine has not been linked to instances of clinically apparent acute liver injury.", "Hydroxyzine is a piperazine derivative with antihistamine, antiemetic, and anxiolytic properties. Hydroxyzine's antihistaminic effect is due to its metabolite, cetirizine, a potent H1 receptor antagonist and selective inhibitor of peripheral H1 receptors. This agent competes with histamine for binding at H1-receptor sites on the effector cell surface. The sedative properties of hydroxyzine occur as a result of suppression of certain subcortical regions of the brain. Secondary to its central anticholinergic actions, hydroxyzine may be effective as an antiemetic.", "A histamine H1 receptor antagonist that is effective in the treatment of chronic urticaria, dermatitis, and histamine-mediated pruritus. Unlike its major metabolite cetirizine, it does cause drowsiness. It is also effective as an antiemetic, for relief of anxiety and tension, and as a sedative.", "A histamine H1 receptor antagonist that is effective in the treatment of chronic urticaria, dermatitis, and histamine-mediated pruritus. Unlike its major metabolite CETIRIZINE, it does cause drowsiness. It is also effective as an antiemetic, for relief of anxiety and tension, and as a sedative."]], ["Ibuprofen piconol", "CC(C)CC1=CC=C(C=C1)C(C)C(=O)OCC2=CC=CC=N2", ["Ibuprofen piconol is an organic molecular entity."]], ["Phenelzine", "C1=CC=C(C=C1)CCNN", ["Phenelzine is a primary amine.", "Phenelzine, with the formula \u03b2-phenylethylhydrazine, is a monoamine oxidase inhibiting antidepressant that is effective in the treatment of panic disorder and social anxiety disorder. It was developed by Parke Davis and originally FDA approved on June 9th, 1961. It is currently approved under prescription by the name of Nardil.", "Phenelzine is a Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor. The mechanism of action of phenelzine is as a Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor.", "Phenelzine is a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAO inhibitor) used in therapy of moderate-to-severe depression. Phenelzine therapy is associated with rare instances of clinically apparent acute liver injury.", "Phenelzine is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is an irreversible non-selective inhibitor of monoamine oxidase. May be used to treat major depressive disorder.Although the exact mechanism of action has not been determined, it appears that the irreversible, nonselective inhibition of MAO by phenelzine relieves depressive symptoms by causing an increase in the levels of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine in the neuron.", "One of the MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS used to treat DEPRESSION; PHOBIC DISORDERS; and PANIC."]], ["Ifenprodil", "CC(C(C1=CC=C(C=C1)O)O)N2CCC(CC2)CC3=CC=CC=C3", ["4-[1-hydroxy-2-[4-(phenylmethyl)-1-piperidinyl]propyl]phenol is a member of piperidines.", "N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors (NMDARs) are members of the ionotropic glutamate receptor family, with key roles in brain development and neurological function. NMDARs are heterotetramers that typically involve a dimer of dimers of both GluN1 and GluN2A-D subunits, with each subunit itself composed of an N-terminal domain (NTD), a ligand-binding domain (LBD), a transmembrane domain, and a C-terminal cytoplasmic domain. Binding at the LBD of the agonists glycine (or D-serine) to the GluN1 subunits and of glutamate to the GluN2 subunits is a regulatory mechanism for channel activation. In addition, allosteric modulators are known to bind at the NTDs and form another layer of regulation. One such allosteric regulator is ifenprodil, which was first shown to bind the NMDARs in the 1990s, and specifically to those NMDARs containing the GluN2B subunit. Further studies elucidated that ifenprodil binds strongly at the inter-subunit interface of adjacent GluN1 and GluN2B NTDs, where it acts as a non-competitive antagonist.  Although ifenprodil has received considerable interest in its potential neuromodulatory activities in psychiatric conditions, including dependency and depression, it has also been shown to have an immunomodulatory effect. In an unbiased screen for compounds capable of reducing cell death induced by infection with the influenza strain H5N1, ifenprodil was found to have a protective effect against H5N1-induced lung damage, in part through its ability to alleviate the H5N1-induced cytokine storm and reduce pulmonary infiltration of neutrophils, natural killer cells, and T cells. Ifenprodil is being investigated for its potential utility in treating COVID-19 in an ongoing phase 2b/3 clinical trial (NCT04382924).", "Ifenprodil is an orally bioavailable, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, with potential central nervous system (CNS) stimulating, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic activities. Upon administration, ifenprodil targets, binds to and inhibits glutamanergic NMDA receptors (NMDARs), specifically the glycine-binding NMDA receptor subunit 1 (GluN1) and 2 (glutamate-binding NMDA receptor subunit 2; NMDA-type subunit 2B; GluN2B), thereby preventing NMDAR signaling. This inhibits neuronal excitotoxicity, and thereby potentially enhancing cognitive function. Additionally, ifenprodil inhibits G protein-coupled inwardly-rectifying potassium (GIRK) channels, and interacts with alpha1 adrenergic, serotonin, and activates sigma receptors. Ifenprodil exerts its anti-inflammatory effect through its effect on NMDA and possibly sigma-1 receptors. Although the exact mechanism has not fully been elucidated, this agent reduces the infiltration of neutrophils and T-cells into the lungs and prevents the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. This may result in the reduction of the lung inflammatory response, inhibit fibrosis in the lungs and may reduce the severity of cough. NMDA receptors are multimeric ionotropic glutamate receptors composed of four subunits and are expressed on various cells and organs, such as in the brain, lungs, and on T-cells and neutrophils."]], ["Incadronic acid", "C1CCCC(CC1)NC(P(=O)(O)O)P(=O)(O)O", ["Incadronic acid is a 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid).", "Incadronate, or YM-175, is a nitrogen containing bisphosphonate. Along with being investigated to treat hypercalcemia of malignancy, it has also been investigated in the treatment of myeloma, leukemia, and other cancers.  Incadronic acid was first described in the literature in 1991.", "Incadronic Acid is a third-generation amino-bisphosphonate with anti-resorptive activity. Although the exact mechanism of action has yet to be fully elucidated, incadronic acid binds to and adsorbs onto hydroxyapatite crystals in the bone matrix, thereby preventing osteoclast resorption. This agent also binds to and inhibits farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase, an enzyme that plays an important role in the mevalonate pathway. This inhibits the formation of isoprenoids that are essential for protein prenylation. This prevents farnesylation and geranylgeranylation of proteins essential for osteoclast function, thereby leading to the induction of apoptosis of osteoclasts. By preventing osteoclast-mediated bone resorption, incadronic acid prevents bone destruction."]], ["Indigotindisulfonic acid", "C1=CC2=C(C=C1S(=O)(=O)O)C(=C(N2)C3=NC4=C(C3=O)C=C(C=C4)S(=O)(=O)O)O", ["Indigo carmine (acid form) is a member of the class of indolones obtained by formal 2,2'-oxidative coupling of two molecules of 3-oxo-2,3-dihydroindole-5-sulfonic acids. It has a role as a food colouring and a histological dye. It is a member of indolones, an olefinic compound, an enone, an arenesulfonic acid and a ring assembly. It is a conjugate acid of an indigo carmine(2-).", "Indigotindisulfonic acid is a blue-colored dye with a variety of uses. Its salt form, indigotindisulfonate sodium, is also known as indigo carmine, indigotine or FD&C Blue #2. This compound is an acid-base indicator and is used in the production of food colorants and pH tests. Indigotindisulfonic acid is used in clinical medicine to determine patency of the urinary collecting system, and to assist in specific surgical procedures such as cystourethroscopy. In 2022, the FDA approved the intravenous use of indigotindisulfonate sodium to aid in visualizing ureter integrity in cystoscopic assessments.", "Indigotindisulfonic acid is a Diagnostic Dye. The mechanism of action of indigotindisulfonic acid is as a Dye.", "Indolesulfonic acid used as a dye in renal function testing for the detection of nitrates and chlorates, and in the testing of milk."]], ["Inositol niacinate", "C1=CC(=CN=C1)C(=O)OC2C(C(C(C(C2OC(=O)C3=CN=CC=C3)OC(=O)C4=CN=CC=C4)OC(=O)C5=CN=CC=C5)OC(=O)C6=CN=CC=C6)OC(=O)C7=CN=CC=C7", ["Inositol hexanicotinate is an inositol nicotinate. It is functionally related to a nicotinic acid.", "Inositol nicotinate, also known as Inositol hexaniacinate/hexanicotinate or \"no-flush niacin\", is a niacin ester and vasodilator. It is used in food supplements as a source of niacin (vitamin B3), where hydrolysis of 1 g (1.23 mmol) inositol hexanicotinate yields 0.91 g nicotinic acid and 0.22 g inositol. Niacin exists in different forms including nicotinic acid, nicotinamide and other derivatives such as inositol nicotinate. It is associated with reduced flushing compared to other vasodilators by being broken down into the metabolites and inositol at a slower rate. Nicotinic acid plays an essential role in many important metabolic processes and has been used as lipid-lowering agent. Inositol nicotinate is prescribed in Europe under the name Hexopal as a symptomatic treatment for severe intermittent claudication and Raynaud\u2019s phenomenon.", "Inositol Niacinate is a niacin formulation that contains no free niacin, but can be hydrolyzed to release free niacin in vivo. Use of inositol niacinate is associated with less flushing than that seen with the use of free niacin."]], ["Iodixanol", "CC(=O)N(CC(CN(C1=C(C(=C(C(=C1I)C(=O)NCC(CO)O)I)C(=O)NCC(CO)O)I)C(=O)C)O)C2=C(C(=C(C(=C2I)C(=O)NCC(CO)O)I)C(=O)NCC(CO)O)I", ["Iodixanol is a dimeric, non-ionic, water-soluble, radiographic contrast agent, used particularly in coronary angiography. It has a role as a radioopaque medium.", "Iodixanol is a nonionic hydrophilic compound commonly used as a contrast agent during coronary angiography, particularly in individuals with renal dysfunction, as it is believed to be less toxic to the kidneys than most other intravascular contrast agents.", "Iodixanol is a Radiographic Contrast Agent. The mechanism of action of iodixanol is as a X-Ray Contrast Activity.", "Iodixanol is a dimeric iso-osmolar, non-ionic, hydrophilic iodinated radiocontrast agent used in diagnostic imaging. Upon intravascular administration and during computed tomography (CT) imaging, iodixanol blocks x-rays and appears opaque on x-ray images. This allows body structures that absorb iodine to be visualized. The degree of opacity produced by iodixanol is directly proportional to the total amount of the iodinated contrast agent in the path of the x-rays. The visualization of body structures is dependent upon the distribution and elimination of iodixanol. Compared to other iodinated contrast agents, iodixanol appears to exhibit less nephrotoxicity."]], ["Iomeprol", "CN(C1=C(C(=C(C(=C1I)C(=O)NCC(CO)O)I)C(=O)NCC(CO)O)I)C(=O)CO", ["Iomeprol is a benzenedicarboxamide compound having N-substituted carbamoyl groups at the 1- and 3-positions, iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and a glycoloyl(methyl)amino group at the 5-position. It has a role as a radioopaque medium, an environmental contaminant and a xenobiotic. It is a benzenedicarboxamide and an organoiodine compound.", "Iomeprol has been investigated for the diagnostic of Coronary Artery Disease."]], ["Iotalamic acid", "CC(=O)NC1=C(C(=C(C(=C1I)C(=O)O)I)C(=O)NC)I", ["Iotalamic acid is an organic molecular entity.", "Iothalamic acid is an iodine containing organic anion used as a diagnostic contrast agent.", "Iothalamic acid is a Radiographic Contrast Agent. The mechanism of action of iothalamic acid is as a X-Ray Contrast Activity.", "Iothalamic Acid is an ionic tri-iodinated benzoate used as a contrast agent in diagnostic imaging. Like other organic iodine compounds, iothalamic acid blocks x-ray and appears opaque on x-ray film, thereby enhancing the visibility of structure and organs during angiography, arteriography, arthrography, cholangiography, and computed tomography (CT) scanning procedures.", "A contrast medium in diagnostic radiology with properties similar to those of diatrizoic acid. It is used primarily as its sodium and meglumine (IOTHALAMATE MEGLUMINE) salts."]], ["Iotrolan", "CN(C1=C(C(=C(C(=C1I)C(=O)NC(CO)C(CO)O)I)C(=O)NC(CO)C(CO)O)I)C(=O)CC(=O)N(C)C2=C(C(=C(C(=C2I)C(=O)NC(CO)C(CO)O)I)C(=O)NC(CO)C(CO)O)I", ["Iotrolan is an organic molecular entity.", "Nonionic, isotonic contrast medium designed for intrathecal use."]], ["Iodipamide", "C1=C(C(=C(C(=C1I)NC(=O)CCCCC(=O)NC2=C(C=C(C(=C2I)C(=O)O)I)I)I)C(=O)O)I", ["Adipiodone is an organoiodine compound that is 3-amino-2,4,6-triiodobenzoic acid in which one of the amino hydrogens is substituted by a 6-(3-carboxy-2,4,6-triiodoanilino)-6-oxohexanoyl group. It is a water-soluble radiographic contrast media for cholecystography and intravenous cholangiography. It has a role as a radioopaque medium. It is an organoiodine compound, a member of benzoic acids and a secondary carboxamide. It is a conjugate acid of an adipiodone(2-).", "Iodipamide is a water-soluble radiographic contrast media for cholecystography and intravenous cholangiography.", "Iodipamide is a Radiographic Contrast Agent. The mechanism of action of iodipamide is as a X-Ray Contrast Activity.", "Iodipamide is a tri-iodinated benzoate derivative and ionic dimeric contrast agent used in diagnostic imaging. When administered in vivo, iodipamide is removed from the liver and secreted into the biliary tract. Like other organic iodine compounds, this agent blocks x-rays and appears opaque on x-ray film; thereby it enhances the visibility of the bile ducts and gallbladder during cholangiography and cholecystography procedures.", "A water-soluble radiographic contrast media for cholecystography and intravenous cholangiography."]], ["Iotroxic acid", "C1=C(C(=C(C(=C1I)NC(=O)COCCOCCOCC(=O)NC2=C(C=C(C(=C2I)C(=O)O)I)I)I)C(=O)O)I", ["Iotroxic acid is an organic molecular entity.", "Iotroxic acid is a contrast medium molecule."]], ["Ioversol", "C(CO)N(C1=C(C(=C(C(=C1I)C(=O)NCC(CO)O)I)C(=O)NCC(CO)O)I)C(=O)CO", ["Ioversol is an amidobenzoic acid.", "Ioversol is a non-ionic compound with a tri-iodinated benzene ring used as a contrast dye in diagnostic procedures to visualize different types of organs and tissues. Iodine has a high atomic density, which gives it the ability to attenuate X-rays. The intravascular administration of iodine compounds, such as ioversol, enhances the contrast between vessels in the path of the flow of the contrast medium and normal tissue, allowing the visualization of internal structures. Ioversol is a highly hydrophilic agent considered to be generally safe; however, serious adverse reactions have been reported due to the inadvertent intrathecal administration of ioversol, which is only indicated for intra-arterial and intravenous use.  Ioversol was approved by the FDA in 1989 and is currently indicated for computed tomographic (CT) imaging and contrast enhancement in peripheral arteriography, coronary arteriography, and left ventriculography.", "Ioversol is a Radiographic Contrast Agent. The mechanism of action of ioversol is as a X-Ray Contrast Activity.", "Ioversol is a sterile, nonpyrogenic, aqueous solution intended for intravascular administration as a diagnostic radiocontrast agent. Ioversol is available in various concentrations, ranging from 240 to 350 milligrams of iodine per milliliter."]], ["Ioxaglic acid", "CC(=O)N(C)C1=C(C(=C(C(=C1I)C(=O)NCC(=O)NC2=C(C(=C(C(=C2I)C(=O)O)I)C(=O)NCCO)I)I)C(=O)NC)I", ["Ioxaglic acid is a benzenedicarboxamide compound having N-substituted carbamoyl groups at the 1- and 3-positions, iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and an acetyl(methyl)amino group at the 5-position. It has a role as a radioopaque medium. It is an organoiodine compound, a benzenedicarboxamide and a member of benzoic acids.", "Ioxaglic acid is marketed as Hexabrix. This drug is an ionic tri-iodinated benzoate used as a low-osmolality contrast agent during diagnostic imaging procedures. Like other organic iodine compounds, ioxaglic acid blocks x-rays and is opaque in its appearance on x-ray film, improving the visualization of important structures and organs during angiography, arteriography, arthrography, cholangiography, urography, and computed tomography.  Ioxaglic acid has a low osmolarity and is associated with fewer side effects compared to older contrast agents.", "Ioxaglic acid is a Radiographic Contrast Agent. The mechanism of action of ioxaglic acid is as a X-Ray Contrast Activity.", "Ioxaglic Acid is an ionic tri-iodinated benzoate used as a contrast agent in diagnostic imaging. Like other organic iodine compounds, ioxaglic acid blocks x-rays and appears opaque on x-ray film, thereby enhancing the visibility of structure and organs during angiography, arteriography, arthrography, cholangiography, urography, and computed tomography (CT) scanning procedures. Ioxaglic acid has low osmolarity and is therefore associated with few side effects compared to older contrast agents.", "A low-osmolar, ionic contrast medium used in various radiographic procedures."]], ["Ioxilan", "CC(=O)N(CC(CO)O)C1=C(C(=C(C(=C1I)C(=O)NCC(CO)O)I)C(=O)NCCO)I", ["Ioxilan is an amidobenzoic acid.", "Ioxilan is a tri-iodinated diagnostic contrast agent. Intravascular injection results in opacification of vessels in the path of flow of the contrast medium, permitting radiographic visualization of the internal structures of the human body until significant hemodilution occurs.", "Ioxilan is a Radiographic Contrast Agent. The mechanism of action of ioxilan is as a X-Ray Contrast Activity."]], ["3-Indolepropionic acid", "C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C(=CN2)CCC(=O)O", ["3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid is an indol-3-yl carboxylic acid that is propionic acid substituted by a 1H-indol-3-yl group at position 3. It has a role as an auxin, a human metabolite and a plant metabolite. It is functionally related to a propionic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a 3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoate.", "3-Indolepropionic acid is a natural product found in Tetrastigma hemsleyanum, Cucurbita pepo, and other organisms with data available."]], ["Atrovent Hfa", "CC(C)[N+]1(C2CCC1CC(C2)OC(=O)C(CO)C3=CC=CC=C3)C", ["3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoic acid (8-methyl-8-propan-2-yl-8-azoniabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl) ester is a tropane alkaloid.", "Ipratropium is a synthetic anticholinergic agent that is used as an inhalant for treatment of acute bronchospasm due to chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Ipratropium has not been implicated in causing liver enzyme elevations or clinically apparent acute liver injury.", "Ipratropium is a synthetic derivative of the alkaloid atropine with anticholinergic properties. Ipratropium antagonizes the actions of acetylcholine at parasympathetic postganglionic effector cell junctions. When inhaled, ipratropium binds competitively to cholinergic receptors in the bronchial smooth muscle thereby blocking the bronchoconstrictor actions of the acetylcholine (Ach) mediated vagal impulses. Inhibition of the vagal tone leads to dilation of the large central airways resulting in bronchodilation.", "A muscarinic antagonist structurally related to ATROPINE but often considered safer and more effective for inhalation use. It is used for various bronchial disorders, in rhinitis, and as an antiarrhythmic."]], ["Iproniazid", "CC(C)NNC(=O)C1=CC=NC=C1", ["Iproniazid is a carbohydrazide and a member of pyridines.", "Withdrawn from the Canadian market in July 1964 due to interactions with food products containing tyrosine.", "An irreversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase types A and B that is used as an antidepressive agent. It has also been used as an antitubercular agent, but its use is limited by its toxicity."]], ["Irsogladine", "C1=CC(=C(C=C1Cl)C2=NC(=NC(=N2)N)N)Cl", ["6-(2,5-dichlorophenyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine is a dichlorobenzene.", "Irsogladine is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02581696 (The Drug-drug Interaction and Safety of Lafutidine and Irsogladine Maleate in Healthy Adult Volunteers)."]], ["Isoetharine", "CCC(C(C1=CC(=C(C=C1)O)O)O)NC(C)C", ["Isoetharine is a catecholamine.", "Isoetharine is a selective adrenergic beta-2 agonist used as fast acting bronchodilator for emphysema, bronchitis and asthma.", "Isoetharine is a beta-adrenergic receptor agonist with bronchodilator activity. Isoetharine selectively binds to beta-2 adrenergic receptors in bronchial smooth muscle, thereby activating intracellular adenyl cyclase, an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to cyclic-3',5'-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). Increased cAMP levels cause relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle, relieve bronchospasms, improve mucociliary clearance and reduce mediator substance release from inflammatory cells, especially from mast cells.", "Adrenergic beta-2 agonist used as bronchodilator for emphysema, bronchitis and asthma."]], ["Isoproterenol", "CC(C)NCC(C1=CC(=C(C=C1)O)O)O", ["Isoprenaline is a secondary amino compound that is noradrenaline in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an isopropyl group. A sympathomimetic acting almost exclusively on beta-adrenergic receptors, it is used (mainly as the hydrochloride salt) as a bronghodilator and heart stimulant for the management of a variety of cardiac disorders. It has a role as a sympathomimetic agent, a beta-adrenergic agonist, a bronchodilator agent and a cardiotonic drug. It is a member of catechols, a secondary amino compound and a secondary alcohol.", "Isoprenaline is a non-selective beta adrenergic receptor agonist indicated to treat heart block, Adams-Stokes attacks, bronchospasm in anesthesia, cadiac arrest, hypovolemic shocks, septic shock, hypoperfusion, congestive hear failure, and cardiogenic shock.  Isoprenaline research in the 1940s found that this isopropyl analog of epinephrine dilated the bronchi, as well as raising the heart rate and cardiac output, without vasoconstriction. The US patent from 1943 states that this compound had a wider therapeutic index and a stronger action than [adrenaline].  Isoprenaline was granted FDA approval on 19 February 1948.", "Isoproterenol is a beta-Adrenergic Agonist. The mechanism of action of isoproterenol is as an Adrenergic beta-Agonist.", "Isoproterenol is a synthetic catechol compound and potent beta adrenergic agonist with peripheral vasodilator, bronchodilator, and cardiac stimulating properties. Isoproterenol exerts its effect on the beta-1 adrenergic receptors in the myocardium, thereby increasing heart rate and cardiac output. In addition, isoproterenol acts on beta-2 adrenergic receptors in bronchiolar and vascular smooth muscle, thereby causing smooth muscle relaxation.", "Isopropyl analog of epinephrine; beta-sympathomimetic that acts on the heart, bronchi, skeletal muscle, alimentary tract, etc. It is used mainly as bronchodilator and heart stimulant. [PubChem]", "Isopropyl analog of EPINEPHRINE; beta-sympathomimetic that acts on the heart, bronchi, skeletal muscle, alimentary tract, etc. It is used mainly as bronchodilator and heart stimulant."]], ["Isothipendyl", "CC(CN1C2=CC=CC=C2SC3=C1N=CC=C3)N(C)C", ["Isothipendyl is a tertiary amino compound and an aromatic amine.", "Isothipendyl is an antihistamine and anticholinergic used as an antipruritic."]], ["[6-[6-[[4-Acetyloxy-10-hydroxy-5-methoxy-9,16-dimethyl-2-oxo-7-(2-oxoethyl)-1-oxacyclohexadeca-11,13-dien-6-yl]oxy]-4-(dimethylamino)-5-hydroxy-2-methyloxan-3-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-2,4-dimethyloxan-3-yl] 3-methylbutanoate", "CC1CC=CC=CC(C(CC(C(C(C(CC(=O)O1)OC(=O)C)OC)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)C)OC3CC(C(C(O3)C)OC(=O)CC(C)C)(C)O)N(C)C)O)CC=O)C)O", ["A macrolide antibiotic from Streptomyces narbonensis. The drug has antimicrobial activity against a wide spectrum of pathogens."]], ["Ketotifen", "CN1CCC(=C2C3=C(C(=O)CC4=CC=CC=C42)SC=C3)CC1", ["Crystals (from ethyl acetate). (NTP, 1992)", "Ketotifen is an organic heterotricyclic compound that is 4,9-dihydro-10H-benzo[4,5]cyclohepta[1,2-b]thiophen-10-one which is substituted at position 4 by a 1-methylpiperidin-4-ylidene group. A blocker of histamine H1 receptors with a stabilising action on mast cells, it is used (usually as its hydrogen fumarate salt) for the treatment of asthma, where it may take several weeks to exert its full effect. It has a role as a H1-receptor antagonist and an anti-asthmatic drug. It is an organosulfur heterocyclic compound, an organic heterotricyclic compound, a cyclic ketone, a member of piperidines, an olefinic compound and a tertiary amino compound. It is a conjugate base of a ketotifen(1+).", "Ketotifen is a benzocycloheptathiophene derivative with potent antihistaminic and mast cell stabilizing properties. It has a similar structure to some other first-generation antihistamines such as [cyproheptadine] and [azatadine].  Ketotifen was first developed in Switzerland in 1970 by Sandoz Pharmaceuticals and was initially marketed for the treatment of anaphylaxis. In the US, it is now used in an over-the-counter ophthalmic formulation for the treatment of itchy eyes associated with allergies, and in Canada a prescription-only oral formulation is available and indicated as an add-on therapy for children with atopic asthma. In addition, oral ketotifen is used in Mexico and across Europe for the treatment of various allergic symptoms and disorders, including urticaria, mastocytosis, and food allergy.", "Ketotifen is a Histamine-1 Receptor Inhibitor. The mechanism of action of ketotifen is as a Histamine H1 Receptor Antagonist.", "Ketotifen is a cycloheptathiophene derivative with anti-allergic activity. Ketotifen selectively blocks histamine (H1) receptors and prevents the typical symptoms caused by histamine release. This agent also interferes with the release of inflammatory mediators from mast cells involved in hypersensitivity reactions, thereby decreasing chemotaxis and activation of eosinophils.", "A cycloheptathiophene blocker of histamine H1 receptors and release of inflammatory mediators. It has been proposed for the treatment of asthma, rhinitis, skin allergies, and anaphylaxis."]], ["Kojic acid", "C1=C(OC=C(C1=O)O)CO", ["Kojic acid is a pyranone that is 4H-pyran substituted by a hydroxy group at position 5, a hydroxymethyl group at position 2 and an oxo group at position 4. It has been isolated from the fungus Aspergillus oryzae. It has a role as a NF-kappaB inhibitor, an Aspergillus metabolite, a skin lightening agent, an EC 1.10.3.1 (catechol oxidase) inhibitor, an EC 1.10.3.2 (laccase) inhibitor, an EC 1.13.11.24 (quercetin 2,3-dioxygenase) inhibitor, an EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor and an EC 1.4.3.3 (D-amino-acid oxidase) inhibitor. It is an enol, a primary alcohol and a member of 4-pyranones. It derives from a hydride of a 4H-pyran.", "Kojic acid is a natural product found in Phaeosphaeria fuckelii, Marrubium cylleneum, and other organisms with data available.", "Kojic acid is a synthetic intermediate for production of food additives.\n\nKojic acid has been shown to exhibit anti-neoplastic function (A7859)."]], ["DL-3-Phenyllactic acid", "C1=CC=C(C=C1)CC(C(=O)O)O", ["3-phenyllactic acid is a 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is lactic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a phenyl group. It has a role as a human metabolite. It is functionally related to a rac-lactic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a 3-phenyllactate.", "DL-3-Phenyllactic acid is a natural product found in Rosa taiwanensis, Phaseolus vulgaris, and other organisms with data available."]], ["beta-Lapachone", "CC1(CCC2=C(O1)C3=CC=CC=C3C(=O)C2=O)C", ["Beta-lapachone is a benzochromenone that is 3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[h]chromene-5,6-dione substituted by geminal methyl groups at position 2. Isolated from Tabebuia avellanedae, it exhibits antineoplastic and anti-inflammatory activities. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent, an anti-inflammatory agent and a plant metabolite. It is a benzochromenone and a member of orthoquinones.", "Lapachone has been used in trials studying the treatment of Cancer, Carcinoma, Advanced Solid Tumors, Head and Neck Neoplasms, and Carcinoma, Squamous Cell.", "beta-Lapachone is a natural product found in Markhamia stipulata, Markhamia lutea, and other organisms with data available.", "Lapachone is a poorly soluble, ortho-naphthoquinone with potential antineoplastic and radiosensitizing activity. Beta-lapachone (b-lap) is bioactivated by NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase-1 (NQO1), creating a futile oxidoreduction that generates high levels of superoxide. In turn, the highly reactive oxygen species (ROS) interact with DNA, thereby causing single-strand DNA breaks and calcium release from endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stores. Eventually, the extensive DNA damage causes hyperactivation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1), an enzyme facilitating DNA repair, accompanied by rapid depletion of NAD+/ATP nucleotide levels. As a result, a caspase-independent and ER-stress induced mu-calpain-mediated cell death occurs in NQO1-overexpressing tumor cells. NQO1, a flavoprotein and two-electron oxidoreductase, is overexpressed in a variety of tumors."]], ["Lauric Acid", "CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O", ["Lauric acid is a white solid with a slight odor of bay oil. (USCG, 1999)", "Dodecanoic acid is a straight-chain, twelve-carbon medium-chain saturated fatty acid with strong bactericidal properties; the main fatty acid in coconut oil and palm kernel oil. It has a role as a plant metabolite, an antibacterial agent and an algal metabolite. It is a straight-chain saturated fatty acid and a medium-chain fatty acid. It is a conjugate acid of a dodecanoate. It derives from a hydride of a dodecane.", "Lauric acid is an inexpensive, non-toxic and safe to handle compound often used in laboratory investigations of melting-point depression. Lauric acid is a solid at room temperature but melts easily in boiling water, so liquid lauric acid can be treated with various solutes and used to determine their molecular masses.", "Dodecanoic acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).", "Lauric Acid is a natural product found in Staphisagria macrosperma, Cleome amblyocarpa, and other organisms with data available.", "Lauric Acid is a saturated medium-chain fatty acid with a 12-carbon backbone. Lauric acid is found naturally in various plant and animal fats and oils, and is a major component of coconut oil and palm kernel oil.", "Lauric acid, or dodecanoic acid is the main fatty acid in coconut oil and in palm kernel oil, and is believed to have antimicrobial properties. It is a white, powdery solid with a faint odor of bay oil. Lauric acid, although slightly irritating to mucous membranes, has a very low toxicity and so is used in many soaps and shampoos.", "lauric acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["Leflunomide", "CC1=C(C=NO1)C(=O)NC2=CC=C(C=C2)C(F)(F)F", ["Leflunomide is a monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-methyl-1,2-oxazole-4-carboxylic acid with the anilino group of 4-(trifluoromethyl)aniline. The prodrug of teriflunomide. It has a role as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, an antineoplastic agent, an antiparasitic agent, an EC 1.3.98.1 [dihydroorotate oxidase (fumarate)] inhibitor, a hepatotoxic agent, a prodrug, a pyrimidine synthesis inhibitor, an immunosuppressive agent, an EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor and a tyrosine kinase inhibitor. It is a monocarboxylic acid amide, a member of isoxazoles and a member of (trifluoromethyl)benzenes.", "Leflunomide is a pyrimidine synthesis inhibitor belonging to the DMARD (disease-modifying antirheumatic drug) class of drugs, which are chemically and pharmacologically very heterogeneous. Leflunomide was approved by FDA and in many other countries (e.g., Canada, Europe) in 1999.", "Leflunomide is an Antirheumatic Agent.", "Leflunomide is an immunomodulatory agent used in the therapy of rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis. Leflunomide therapy is associated with frequent elevations in serum aminotransferase levels and with rare instances of clinically apparent acute liver injury which can be severe and even fatal.", "Leflunomide is a derivative of isoxazole used for its immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory properties.  As a prodrug, leflunomide is converted to an active metabolite, A77 1726, which blocks dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, a key enzyme of de novo pyrimidine synthesis, thereby preventing the expansion of activated T lymphocytes.  This agent also inhibits various protein tyrosine kinases, such as protein kinase C (PKC), thereby inhibiting cell proliferation. (NCI04)", "An isoxazole derivative that inhibits dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, the fourth enzyme in the pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway. It is used an immunosuppressive agent in the treatment of RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS and PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS."]], ["Inflatine", "CN1C(CCCC1CC(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2)CC(C3=CC=CC=C3)O", ["Inflatine is a natural product found in Lobelia urens, Lobelia inflata, and other organisms with data available.", "An alkaloid that has actions similar to NICOTINE on nicotinic cholinergic receptors but is less potent. It has been proposed for a variety of therapeutic uses including in respiratory disorders, peripheral vascular disorders, insomnia, and smoking cessation."]], ["Monacolin K", "CCC(C)C(=O)OC1CC(C=C2C1C(C(C=C2)C)CCC3CC(CC(=O)O3)O)C", ["Monacolin K is a natural product found in Aspergillus terreus with data available.", "A fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Aspergillus terreus. The compound is a potent anticholesteremic agent. It inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It also stimulates the production of low-density lipoprotein receptors in the liver."]], ["Loxapine", "CN1CCN(CC1)C2=NC3=CC=CC=C3OC4=C2C=C(C=C4)Cl", ["Loxapine is a dibenzooxazepine. It has a role as an antipsychotic agent and a dopaminergic antagonist.", "Loxapine is a conventional antipsychotic used in the therapy of schizophrenia. Loxapine therapy is commonly associated with minor serum aminotransferase elevations and in very rare instances has been linked to clinically apparent acute liver injury.", "Loxapine is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is an antipsychotic agent used in schizophrenia. Loxapine is a dopamine antagonist, and also a serotonin 5-HT2 blocker. The exact mode of action of Loxapine has not been established, however changes in the level of excitability of subcortical inhibitory areas have been observed in several animal species in association with such manifestations of tranquilization as calming effects and suppression of aggressive behavior.", "An antipsychotic agent used in schizophrenia."]], ["Loxoprofen", "CC(C1=CC=C(C=C1)CC2CCCC2=O)C(=O)O", ["Loxoprofen is a monocarboxylic acid that is propionic acid in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 4-[(2-oxocyclopentyl)methyl]phenyl group. A prodrug that is rapidly converted into its active trans-alcohol metabolite following oral administration. It has a role as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, a non-narcotic analgesic, an antipyretic, an EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor and a prodrug. It is a monocarboxylic acid and a member of cyclopentanones. It is functionally related to a propionic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a loxoprofen(1-).", "Loxoprofen is a propionic acid derivative non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. It is marketed under the trade name Loxonin in Brazil, Mexico and Japan by Sankyo, as Loxomac in India, and as Oxeno in Argentina. A transdermal preparation was approved for use in Japan in January 2006."]], ["Mafenide", "C1=CC(=CC=C1CN)S(=O)(=O)N", ["Mafenide is an aromatic amine.", "Mafenide is a sulfonamide-type antimicrobial agent used to treat severe burns. It acts by reducing the bacterial population present in the burn tissue and promotes healing of deep burns. In 1998, mafenide acetate was approved under the FDA\u2019s accelerated approval regulations. In November 2022, the use of mafenide acetate (powder for 5% topical solution) was withdrawn by the FDA due to an unresolved confirmatory study required to fulfill the accelerated approval requirements.", "Mafenide is a Methylated Sulfonamide Antibacterial.", "A sulfonamide that inhibits the enzyme CARBONIC ANHYDRASE and is used as a topical anti-bacterial agent, especially in burn therapy."]], ["Maprotiline", "CNCCCC12CCC(C3=CC=CC=C31)C4=CC=CC=C24", ["Maprotiline is a member of anthracenes.", "Maprotiline is a tetracyclic antidepressant with similar pharmacological properties to tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs). Similar to TCAs, maprotiline inhibits neuronal norepinephrine reuptake, possesses some anticholinergic activity, and does not affect monoamine oxidase activity. It differs from TCAs in that it does not appear to block serotonin reuptake. Maprotiline may be used to treat depressive affective disorders, including dysthymic disorder (depressive neurosis) and major depressive disorder. Maprotiline is effective at reducing symptoms of anxiety associated with depression.", "Maprotiline is a tetracyclic antidepressant with similar pharmacological properties to tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs). Similar to TCAs, maprotiline inhibits neuronal norepinephrine reuptake, possesses some anticholinergic activity, and does not affect monoamine oxidase activity. It differs from TCAs in that it does not appear to block serotonin reuptake. Maprotiline may be used to treat depressive affective disorders, including dysthymic disorder (depressive neurosis) and major depressive disorder. Maprotiline is effective at reducing symptoms of anxiety associated with depression. ", "A bridged-ring tetracyclic antidepressant that is both mechanistically and functionally similar to the tricyclic antidepressants, including side effects associated with its use."]], ["Mebendazole", "COC(=O)NC1=NC2=C(N1)C=C(C=C2)C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3", ["Mebendazole is a white to slightly yellow powder. Pleasant taste. Practically water insoluble. (NTP, 1992)", "Mebendazole is a carbamate ester that is methyl 1H-benzimidazol-2-ylcarbamate substituted by a benzoyl group at position 5. It has a role as an antinematodal drug, a tubulin modulator and a microtubule-destabilising agent. It is a member of benzimidazoles, a carbamate ester and an aromatic ketone. It derives from a hydride of a 1H-benzimidazole.", "Mebendazole is an Anthelmintic.", "Mebendazole is an anthelmintic agent used commonly for roundworm (pinworm and hookworm) infections, trichinosis, capillariasis and toxocariasis and other parasitic worm infections. Mebendazole when given for prolonged periods in high doses has been associated with elevations in serum enzyme levels, and rare instances of acute, clinically apparent liver injury have been linked to its use.", "Mebendazole is a natural product found in Aspergillus banksianus with data available.", "Mebendazole is a synthetic benzimidazole derivate and anthelmintic agent. Mebendazole interferes with the reproduction and survival of helminths by inhibiting the formation of their cytoplasmic microtubules, thereby selectively and irreversibly blocking glucose uptake. This results in a depletion of glycogen stores and leads to reduced formation of ATP required for survival and reproduction of the helminth. This eventually causes the helminths death.", "A benzimidazole that acts by interfering with CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM and inhibiting polymerization of MICROTUBULES."]], ["Mebeverine", "CCN(CCCCOC(=O)C1=CC(=C(C=C1)OC)OC)C(C)CC2=CC=C(C=C2)OC", ["3,4-dimethoxybenzoic acid 4-[ethyl-[1-(4-methoxyphenyl)propan-2-yl]amino]butyl ester is a methoxybenzoic acid.", "Mebeverine has been investigated for the treatment of Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Post-cholecystectomy Gastrointestinal Spasms."]], ["Mecamylamine", "CC1(C2CCC(C2)C1(C)NC)C", ["Mecamylamine is a primary aliphatic amine.", "A nicotinic antagonist that is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and crosses the blood-brain barrier. Mecamylamine has been used as a ganglionic blocker in treating hypertension, but, like most ganglionic blockers, is more often used now as a research tool.", "Mecamylamine is a natural product found in Wettsteinia inversa with data available.", "A nicotinic antagonist that is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and crosses the blood-brain barrier. Mecamylamine has been used as a ganglionic blocker in treating hypertension, but, like most ganglionic blockers, is more often used now as a research tool."]], ["Meclizine", "CC1=CC(=CC=C1)CN2CCN(CC2)C(C3=CC=CC=C3)C4=CC=C(C=C4)Cl", ["Meclizine is a diarylmethane.", "Meclizine is a histamine H1 antagonist with antiemetic and antivertigo properties. It is used in the symptomatic treatment of motion sickness and control of vertigo associated with vestibular system diseases. It also exhibits anticholinergic, central nervous system depressant, and local anesthetic effects. Commonly marketed under the brand name Antivert in the U.S., meclizine is available as oral tablets.", "Meclizine is an Antiemetic. The physiologic effect of meclizine is by means of Emesis Suppression.", "Meclizine is a first generation antihistamine that is used largely to treat vertigo and motion sickness. Meclizine has not been linked to instances of clinically apparent acute liver injury.", "Meclizine is a synthetic piperazine with anti-emetic, sedative and histamine H1antagonistic properties. Meclizine blocks the H1 histamine receptor and prevents the symptoms that are caused by histamine activity on capillaries, bronchial and gastrointestinal smooth muscles, including vasodilation, increased capillary permeability, bronchoconstriction, and spasmodic contraction of gastrointestinal smooth muscles. Meclizine hydrochloride may exert its antiemetic effects by its anticholinergic actions or due to a direct effect on the medullary chemoreceptive trigger zone.", "Meclizine is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a histamine H1 antagonist used in the treatment of motion sickness, vertigo, and nausea during pregnancy and radiation sickness. [PubChem]Along with its actions as an antagonist at H<sub>1</sub>-receptors, meclizine also possesses anticholinergic, central nervous system depressant, and local anesthetic effects. Meclizine depresses labyrinth excitability and vestibular stimulation and may affect the medullary chemoreceptor trigger zone.", "A histamine H1 antagonist used in the treatment of motion sickness, vertigo, and nausea during pregnancy and radiation sickness."]], ["Meclodium", "CC1=C(C(=C(C=C1)Cl)NC2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)[O-])Cl", ["Meclofenamic acid(1-) is a monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from the removal of the proton from the carboxy group of meclofenamic acid. The major species at pH 7.3. It is a conjugate base of a meclofenamic acid."]], ["Meclofenamic acid", "CC1=C(C(=C(C=C1)Cl)NC2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)O)Cl", ["Meclofenamic acid is an aminobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 2,6-dichloro-3-methylphenyl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used as the sodium salt for the treatment of dysmenorrhoea (painful periods), osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. It has a role as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, an antirheumatic drug, an antineoplastic agent, an anticonvulsant, an analgesic, an antipyretic, an EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor and an EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor. It is an aminobenzoic acid, a secondary amino compound and an organochlorine compound. It is a conjugate acid of a meclofenamic acid(1-).", "A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent with antipyretic and antigranulation activities. It also inhibits prostaglandin biosynthesis.", "A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent with antipyretic and antigranulation activities. It also inhibits prostaglandin biosynthesis."]], ["Meclofenoxate", "CN(C)CCOC(=O)COC1=CC=C(C=C1)Cl", ["Meclofenoxate is a monocarboxylic acid.", "An ester of DIMETHYLAMINOETHANOL and para-chlorophenoxyacetic acid."]], ["Medazepam", "CN1CCN=C(C2=C1C=CC(=C2)Cl)C3=CC=CC=C3", ["Medazepam is an organic molecular entity.", "Medazepam is a drug which is a benzodiazepine derivative. It possesses anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, sedative and skeletal muscle relaxant properties.", "A benzodiazepine derivative used in the treatment of anxiety. It has sedative, muscle relaxant, and anticonvulsant properties. One of its metabolites is DIAZEPAM and one of its excretion products is OXAZEPAM."]], ["Menadione", "CC1=CC(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2C1=O", ["Menadione is a member of the class of 1,4-naphthoquinones that is 1,4-naphthoquinone which is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group. It is used as a nutritional supplement and for the treatment of hypoprothrombinemia. It has a role as a nutraceutical, a human urinary metabolite, an angiogenesis inhibitor, an EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor and an antineoplastic agent. It is a member of 1,4-naphthoquinones and a vitamin K.", "A synthetic naphthoquinone without the isoprenoid side chain and biological activity, but can be converted to active vitamin K2, menaquinone, after alkylation in vivo.", "Menadione is a natural product found in Juglans nigra, Thermoplasma acidophilum, and other organisms with data available.", "Menadione is a synthetic naphthoquinone without the isoprenoid side chain and biological activity, but can be converted to active vitamin K2, menaquinone, after alkylation in vivo. Despite the fact that it can serve as a precursor to various types of vitamin K, menadione is generally not used as a nutritional supplement. Large doses of menadione have been reported to cause adverse outcomes including hemolytic anemia due to G6PD deficiency, neonatal brain or liver damage, or neonatal death in some cases. Moreover, menadione supplements have been banned by the FDA because of their high toxicity. It is sometimes called vitamin K3, although derivatives of naphthoquinone without the sidechain in the 3-position cannot exert all the functions of the K vitamins. Menadione is a vitamin precursor of K2 which utilizes alkylation in the liver to yield menaquinones (MK-n, n=1-13; K2 vitamers), and hence, is better classified as a provitamin.", "A synthetic naphthoquinone without the isoprenoid side chain and biological activity, but can be converted to active vitamin K2, menaquinone, after alkylation in vivo."]], ["vitamin K2", "CC1=C(C(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2C1=O)CC=C(C)CCC=C(C)CCC=C(C)CCC=C(C)C", ["A group of substances similar to VITAMIN K 1 which contains a ring of 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinione and an isoprenoid side chain of varying number of isoprene units. In vitamin K 2, each isoprene unit contains a double bond. They are produced by bacteria including the normal intestinal flora."]], ["Mepenzolate", "C[N+]1(CCCC(C1)OC(=O)C(C2=CC=CC=C2)(C3=CC=CC=C3)O)C", ["2-hydroxy-2,2-diphenylacetic acid (1,1-dimethyl-3-piperidin-1-iumyl) ester is a diarylmethane.", "Mepenzolate is a post-ganglionic parasympathetic inhibitor. It decreases gastric acid and pepsin secretion and suppresses spontaneous contractions of the colon. Mepenzolate diminishes gastric acid and pepsin secretion. Mepenzolate also suppresses spontaneous contractions of the colon. Pharmacologically, it is a post-ganglionic parasympathetic inhibitor. It has not been shown to be effective in contributing to the healing of peptic ulcer, decreasing the rate of recurrence, or preventing complications.", "Mepenzolate is an Anticholinergic. The mechanism of action of mepenzolate is as a Cholinergic Antagonist.", "Mepenzolate is an anticholinergic agent used to treat gastrointestinal conditions such as acid peptic disease and irritable bowel syndrome. Mepenzolate has not been implicated in causing liver enzyme elevations or clinically apparent acute liver injury."]], ["Mequitazine", "C1CN2CCC1C(C2)CN3C4=CC=CC=C4SC5=CC=CC=C53", ["Mequitazine is a member of phenothiazines.", "Mequitazine is a histamine H1 antagonist (antihistamine). It competes with histamine for the normal H1-receptor sites on effector cells of the gastrointestinal tract, blood vessels and respiratory tract. It provides effective, temporary relief of sneezing, watery and itchy eyes, and runny nose due to hay fever and other upper respiratory allergies."]], ["Mesoridazine", "CN1CCCCC1CCN2C3=CC=CC=C3SC4=C2C=C(C=C4)S(=O)C", ["Mesoridazine is a phenothiazine substituted at position 2 (para to the S atom) by a methylsulfinyl group, and on the nitrogen by a 2-(1-methylpiperidin-2-yl)ethyl group. It has a role as a dopaminergic antagonist and a first generation antipsychotic. It is a member of phenothiazines, a sulfoxide and a tertiary amino compound.", "A phenothiazine antipsychotic with effects similar to chlorpromazine.", "Mesoridazine is a Phenothiazine.", "Mesoridazine is a natural product found in Phomopsis phaseoli with data available.", "Mesoridazine is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a phenothiazine antipsychotic with effects similar to chlorpromazine. [PubChem]Based upon animal studies, mesoridazine, as with other phenothiazines, acts indirectly on reticular formation, whereby neuronal activity into reticular formation is reduced without affecting its intrinsic ability to activate the cerebral cortex. In addition, the phenothiazines exhibit at least part of their activities through depression of hypothalamic centers. Neurochemically, the phenothiazines are thought to exert their effects by a central adrenergic blocking action.", "A phenothiazine antipsychotic with effects similar to CHLORPROMAZINE."]], ["Metaproterenol", "CC(C)NCC(C1=CC(=CC(=C1)O)O)O", ["Metaproterenol is a member of phenylethanolamines.", "Metaproterenol is a beta2-Adrenergic Agonist. The mechanism of action of metaproterenol is as an Adrenergic beta2-Agonist.", "A beta-2 adrenergic agonist used in the treatment of ASTHMA and BRONCHIAL SPASM."]], ["Methantheline", "CC[N+](C)(CC)CCOC(=O)C1C2=CC=CC=C2OC3=CC=CC=C13", ["Methantheline is a member of xanthenes.", "Methantheline is a synthetic antispasmodic. Antispasmodics are used to relieve cramps or spasms of the stomach, intestines, and bladder. Methantheline is used to treat intestine or stomach ulcers (peptic ulcer disease), intestine problems (irritable bowel syndrome), pancreatitis, gastritis, biliary dyskinesia, pylorosplasm, or urinary problems (reflex neurogenic bladder in children).", "A quaternary ammonium compound that acts as an antimuscarinic agent. It has been used in the treatment of PEPTIC ULCER, in gastrointestinal disorders associated with smooth muscle spasm, and in the management of urinary incontinence, and may also be used for the treatment of HYPERHIDROSIS."]], ["Methapyrilene", "CN(C)CCN(CC1=CC=CS1)C2=CC=CC=N2", ["Methapyrilene is a clear colorless liquid. (NTP, 1992)", "Methapyrilene is a member of the class of ethylenediamine derivatives that is ethylenediamine in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by two methyl groups, and the other nitrogen is substituted by a 2-pyridyl group and a (2-thienyl)methyl group. It has a role as a H1-receptor antagonist, an anti-allergic agent, a sedative and a carcinogenic agent.", "Methapyrilene, formerly marketed in many drug products, was shown to be a potent carcinogen. Manufacturers voluntarily withdrew methapyriline drug products from the market in May and June 1979.", "Histamine H1 antagonist with sedative action used as a hypnotic and in allergies."]], ["Methazolamide", "CC(=O)N=C1N(N=C(S1)S(=O)(=O)N)C", ["Methazolamide is a member of thiadiazoles and a sulfonamide.", "A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that is used as a diuretic and in the treatment of glaucoma.", "Methazolamide is a sulfonamide derivate and carbonic anhydrase inhibitor with potential antineoplastic activity. Methazolamide inhibits tumor-associated carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX), which may result in increased cell death in hypoxic tumors. As a hypoxia-inducible transmembrane glycoprotein, CAIX catalyzes the rapid interconversion of carbon dioxide and water into carbonic acid, protons, and bicarbonate ions, helping to maintain acidification of the tumor microenvironment and enhance resistance to cytotoxic therapy in some hypoxic tumors.", "A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that is used as a diuretic and in the treatment of glaucoma."]], ["Methoxyflurane", "COC(C(Cl)Cl)(F)F", ["Methoxyflurane is a clear colorless liquid with a sweet fruity odor. (NTP, 1992)", "Methoxyflurane is an ether in which the two groups attached to the central oxygen atom are methyl and 2,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethyl. It has a role as an inhalation anaesthetic, a non-narcotic analgesic, a hepatotoxic agent and a nephrotoxic agent. It is an organofluorine compound, an organochlorine compound and an ether.", "An inhalation anesthetic. Currently, methoxyflurane is rarely used for surgical, obstetric, or dental anesthesia. If so employed, it should be administered with nitrous oxide to achieve a relatively light level of anesthesia, and a neuromuscular blocking agent given concurrently to obtain the desired degree of muscular relaxation. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p180)  In the US, methoxyflurane is one of the products that have been withdrawn or removed from the market for reasons of safety or effectiveness.", "An inhalation anesthetic. Currently, methoxyflurane is rarely used for surgical, obstetric, or dental anesthesia. If so employed, it should be administered with nitrous oxide to achieve a relatively light level of anesthesia, and a neuromuscular blocking agent given concurrently to obtain the desired degree of muscular relaxation. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p180)", "An inhalation anesthetic. Currently, methoxyflurane is rarely used for surgical, obstetric, or dental anesthesia. If so employed, it should be administered with NITROUS OXIDE to achieve a relatively light level of anesthesia, and a neuromuscular blocking agent given concurrently to obtain the desired degree of muscular relaxation. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p180)"]], ["Methoxyphenamine", "CC(CC1=CC=CC=C1OC)NC", ["Methoxyphenamine is an amphetamine methylated on nitrogen and with the phenyl ring methoxylated at C-2. A beta-adrenergic receptor agonist, it is used as a bronchodilator. It has a role as a beta-adrenergic agonist and a bronchodilator agent."]], ["Pamine", "C[N+]1(C2CC(CC1C3C2O3)OC(=O)C(CO)C4=CC=CC=C4)C", ["Pamine is a natural product found in Datura stramonium with data available."]], ["Methyclothiazide", "CN1C(NC2=CC(=C(C=C2S1(=O)=O)S(=O)(=O)N)Cl)CCl", ["Methyclothiazide is a benzothiadiazine.", "A thiazide diuretic with properties similar to those of hydrochlorothiazide. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p825)", "Methyclothiazide is a Thiazide Diuretic. The physiologic effect of methyclothiazide is by means of Increased Diuresis.", "Methyclothiazide is a benzothiadiazine-sulfonamide derivative belonging to the class of the thiazide diuretics.", "A thiazide diuretic with properties similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p825)"]], ["Methylene Blue cation", "CN(C)C1=CC2=C(C=C1)N=C3C=CC(=[N+](C)C)C=C3S2", ["3,7-bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium is an organic cation that is phenothiazin-5-ium substituted by dimethylamino groups at positions 3 and 7. The chloride salt is the histological dye 'methylene blue'. It is a conjugate acid of a 3,7-bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazine.", "Methylene blue cation is an Oxidation-Reduction Agent. The mechanism of action of methylene blue cation is as an Oxidation-Reduction Activity."]], ["Methergine", "CCC(CO)NC(=O)C1CN(C2CC3=CNC4=CC=CC(=C34)C2=C1)C", ["N-(1-hydroxybutan-2-yl)-7-methyl-6,6a,8,9-tetrahydro-4H-indolo[4,3-fg]quinoline-9-carboxamide is an ergoline alkaloid.", "A homolog of ERGONOVINE containing one more CH2 group. (Merck Index, 11th ed)"]], ["A-Methapred", "CC1CC2C3CCC(C3(CC(C2C4(C1=CC(=O)C=C4)C)O)C)(C(=O)CO)O", ["A water-soluble ester of METHYLPREDNISOLONE used for cardiac, allergic, and hypoxic emergencies."]], ["Metixene", "CN1CCCC(C1)CC2C3=CC=CC=C3SC4=CC=CC=C24", ["Metixene is a member of thioxanthenes and a member of piperidines. It has a role as an antiparkinson drug, a muscarinic antagonist and a histamine antagonist.", "Metixene (or methixene) is a anticholinergic used as an antiparkinsonian agent.", "Metixene is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a anticholinergic used as an anti-parkinson drug. "]], ["Metronidazole", "CC1=NC=C(N1CCO)[N+](=O)[O-]", ["Metronidazole is a white to pale-yellow crystalline powder with a slight odor. Bitter and saline taste. pH (saturated aqueous solution) about 6.5. (NTP, 1992)", "Metronidazole is a member of the class of imidazoles substituted at C-1, -2 and -5 with 2-hydroxyethyl, nitro and methyl groups respectively. It has activity against anaerobic bacteria and protozoa, and has a radiosensitising effect on hypoxic tumour cells. It may be given by mouth in tablets, or as the benzoate in an oral suspension. The hydrochloride salt can be used in intravenous infusions. Metronidazole is a prodrug and is selective for anaerobic bacteria due to their ability to intracellularly reduce the nitro group of metronidazole to give nitroso-containing intermediates. These can covalently bind to DNA, disrupting its helical structure, inducing DNA strand breaks and inhibiting bacterial nucleic acid synthesis, ultimately resulting in bacterial cell death. It has a role as an antitrichomonal drug, a prodrug, an antibacterial drug, an antimicrobial agent, an antiparasitic agent, a xenobiotic, an environmental contaminant, a radiosensitizing agent and an antiamoebic agent. It is a member of imidazoles, a C-nitro compound and a primary alcohol. It is a conjugate base of a metronidazole(1+).", "Metronidazole is a commonly used antibiotic, belonging to the nitroimidazole class of antibiotics. It is frequently used to treat gastrointestinal infections as well as trichomoniasis and giardiasis, and amebiasis which are parasitic infections. Metronidazole has been used as an antibiotic for several decades, with added antiparasitic properties that set it apart from many other antibacterial drugs, allowing it to treat a wide variety of infections. It is available in capsule form, tablet form, and topical form, and suppository preparations for the treatment of various infections.", "Metronidazole is a Nitroimidazole Antimicrobial.", "Metronidazole is a nitroimidazole derivative bactericidal agent widely used in the treatment of many anaerobic and certain protozoan and parasitic infections. Metronidazole has been linked to rare instances of acute, clinically apparent liver injury.", "Metronidazole is a natural product found in Streptomyces hygroscopicus and Euglena gracilis with data available.", "Metronidazole is a synthetic nitroimidazole derivative with antiprotozoal and antibacterial activities. Although its mechanism of action is not fully elucidated, un-ionized metronidazole is readily taken up by obligate anaerobic organisms and is subsequently reduced by low-redox potential electron-transport proteins to an active, intermediate product. Reduced metronidazole causes DNA strand breaks, thereby inhibiting DNA synthesis and bacterial cell growth.", "A nitroimidazole used to treat amebiasis; vaginitis; trichomonas infections; giardiasis; anaerobic bacteria; and treponemal infections. It has also been proposed as a radiation sensitizer for hypoxic cells. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985) this substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen.", "A nitroimidazole used to treat AMEBIASIS; VAGINITIS; TRICHOMONAS INFECTIONS; GIARDIASIS; ANAEROBIC BACTERIA; and TREPONEMAL INFECTIONS."]], ["Mexazolam", "CC1COC2(N1CC(=O)NC3=C2C=C(C=C3)Cl)C4=CC=CC=C4Cl", ["Mexazolam is an oxazolobenzodiazepine and a hemiaminal ether.", "Mexazolam (CS-386) is a benzodiazepine indicated for the treatment of anxiety with or without psychoneurotic conditions. Mexazolam's structure is similar to that of other benzodiazepines such as [oxazolam] and [cloxazolam]. The use of benzodiazepines in the treatment of anxiety is generally a second line measure.", "Mexazolam (marketed under the trade names Melex and Sedoxil) is a drug which is a benzodiazepine derivative. Mexazolam has been trialed for anxiety and was found to be effective in alleviating anxiety at one week follow-up, however, after three weeks of therapy mexazolam had lost its therapeutic anxiolytic properties becoming no more effective than placebo, presumably due to benzodiazepine tolerance. Mexazolam is metabolised via the CYP3A4 pathway. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors including simvastatin, simvastatin acid, lovastatin, fluvastatin, atorvastatin and cerivastatin inhibit the metabolism of mexazolam, but not the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor pravastatin."]], ["Mianserin", "CN1CCN2C(C1)C3=CC=CC=C3CC4=CC=CC=C42", ["Mianserin is a dibenzoazepine (specifically 1,2,3,4,10,14b-hexahydrodibenzo[c,f]pyrazino[1,2-a]azepine) methyl-substituted on N-2. Closely related to (and now mostly superseded by) the tetracyclic antidepressant mirtazapinean, it is an atypical antidepressant used in the treatment of depression throughout Europe and elsewhere. It has a role as an antidepressant, a histamine agonist, a sedative, an alpha-adrenergic antagonist, an adrenergic uptake inhibitor, a serotonergic antagonist, a H1-receptor antagonist, an EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor and a geroprotector.", "A tetracyclic compound with antidepressant effects. Mianserin was previously available internationally, however in most markets it has been phased out in favour of [mirtazapine].", "A tetracyclic compound with antidepressant effects. It may cause drowsiness and hematological problems. Its mechanism of therapeutic action is not well understood, although it apparently blocks alpha-adrenergic, histamine H1, and some types of serotonin receptors."]], ["Miconazole", "C1=CC(=C(C=C1Cl)Cl)COC(CN2C=CN=C2)C3=C(C=C(C=C3)Cl)Cl", ["1-[2-(2,4-dichlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]imidazole is a member of the class of imidazoles that is 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(imidazol-1-yl)ethanol in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a 2,4-dichlorobenzyl group. It is an ether, a member of imidazoles and a dichlorobenzene.", "Miconazole is an antifungal prescription medicine approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of mucocutaneouscandidiasis, including:", "Miconazole is a broad-spectrum azole antifungal with some activity against Gram-positive bacteria as well. It is widely used to treat mucosal yeast infections, including both oral and vaginal infections; although intravenous miconazole is no longer available, a wide variety of suppositories, creams, gels, and tablet-based products are available. Miconazole is thought to act primarily through the inhibition of fungal CYP450 14\u03b1-lanosterol demethylase activity.  Miconazole was first synthesized in 1969 and first granted FDA approval on January 8, 1974, for sale by INSIGHT Pharmaceuticals as a topical cream. It is currently available as a variety of prescription and over the counter products. Despite having been in clinical use for an extended period, resistance to miconazole among susceptible organisms is relatively low.", "Miconazole is an Azole Antifungal.", "Miconazole is a natural product found in Micromonospora echinospora, Trichoderma brevicompactum, and Hassallia byssoidea with data available.", "Miconazole is an antifungal synthetic derivative of imidazole and used in the treatment of candidal skin infections, Miconazole selectively affects the integrity of fungal cell membranes, high in ergosterol content and different in composition from mammalian cells membranes. (NCI04)", "Miconazole is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is an imidazole antifungal agent that is used topically and by intravenous infusion. [PubChem] Miconazole interacts with 14-&alpha; demethylase, a cytochrome P-450 enzyme necessary to convert lanosterol to ergosterol. As ergosterol is an essential component of the fungal cell membrane, inhibition of its synthesis results in increased cellular permeability causing leakage of cellular contents. Miconazole may also inhibit endogenous respiration, interact with membrane phospholipids, inhibit the transformation of yeasts to mycelial forms, inhibit purine uptake, and impair triglyceride and/or phospholipid biosynthesis.", "An imidazole antifungal agent that is used topically and by intravenous infusion."]], ["Minaprine", "CC1=CC(=NN=C1NCCN2CCOCC2)C3=CC=CC=C3", ["Minaprine is a member of pyridazines, a secondary amine and a member of morpholines. It has a role as an antidepressant, a serotonin uptake inhibitor, a dopamine uptake inhibitor, a cholinergic drug and an antiparkinson drug.", "Minaprine is a psychotropic drug which has proved to be effective in the treatment of various depressive states. Like most antidepressants minaprine antagonizes behavioral despair. Minaprine  is an amino-phenylpyridazine antidepressant reported to be relatively free of cardiotoxicity, drowsiness, and weight gain."]], ["Morial", "CCOC(=O)NC1=C[N+](=NO1)N2CCOCC2", ["N-[3-(4-morpholinyl)-5-oxadiazol-3-iumyl]carbamic acid ethyl ester is a member of morpholines."]], ["Morphinan-3,6alpha-diol, 7,8-didehydro-4,5alpha-epoxy-17-methyl-", "CN1CCC23C4C1CC5=C2C(=C(C=C5)O)OC3C(C=C4)O", ["Morphinan-3,6alpha-diol, 7,8-didehydro-4,5alpha-epoxy-17-methyl- is a natural product found in Papaver somniferum with data available."]], ["Mosapramine", "C1CCN2C(C1)NC(=O)C23CCN(CC3)CCCN4C5=CC=CC=C5CCC6=C4C=C(C=C6)Cl", ["Mosapramine is a racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-mosapramine. It is a second-generation antipsychotic used for the treatment of schizophrenia. It has a role as a second generation antipsychotic and a dopaminergic antagonist. It contains a (S)-mosapramine and a (R)-mosapramine."]], ["Moxisylyte", "CC1=CC(=C(C=C1OC(=O)C)C(C)C)OCCN(C)C", ["Acetic acid [4-[2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy]-2-methyl-5-propan-2-ylphenyl] ester is a monoterpenoid.", "Moxisylyte, denominated as thymoxamine in the UK, is a specific and orally active \u03b11-adrenergic antagonist. According to the WHO, moxisylyte is approved since 1987 and in the same year, it acquired the denomination of orphan product by the FDA. This drug was developed by the Japanese company Fujirebio and also by the American company Iolab in the late 80s.", "An alpha-adrenergic blocking agent that is used in Raynaud's disease. It is also used locally in the eye to reverse the mydriasis caused by phenylephrine and other sympathomimetic agents. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1312)"]], ["Tetrofosmin", "CCOCCP(CCOCC)CCP(CCOCC)CCOCC", ["Tetrofosmin is a phosphine.", "Tetrofosmin was developed to overcome the non-target uptake of radioligands by the generation of hetero-atomic compounds. It presents a molecular formula of 1,2-bis(bis(2-ethoxyethyl)phosphino)ethane. Tetrofosmin is part of the group of diphosphines. Tetrofosmin is used in conjunction with technetium Tc-99m as a radiopharmaceutical."]], ["N1,N11-Bis(ethyl)norspermine", "CCNCCCNCCCNCCCNCC", ["Diethylnorspermine is a synthetic bis-ethyl analogue of spermine with potential antineoplastic activity. N(1),N(11)-bis(ethyl)norspermine (DENSPM), a N-terminally alkylated tetraamine and polyamine mimetics, disrupts polyamine pool homeostasis by modulating the activities of the biosynthetic enzymes, ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), and S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (AdoMetDC). This agent also reduces polyamine concentrations through the induction of the catabolic enzyme spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase 1 (SSAT). Polyamines, an integral part of the DNA helix structure, play a critical role in cell division, differentiation and membrane function. Disruption of normal polyamine concentrations by DENSPM may lead to cell growth inhibition."]], ["Nadolol", "CC(C)(C)NCC(COC1=CC=CC2=C1CC(C(C2)O)O)O", ["5-[3-(tert-butylamino)-2-hydroxypropoxy]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,3-diol is a member of tetralins.", "A non-selective beta-adrenergic antagonist with a long half-life, used in cardiovascular disease to treat arrhythmias, angina pectoris, and hypertension. Nadolol is also used for MIGRAINE DISORDERS and for tremor."]], ["Nafamostat", "C1=CC(=CC=C1C(=O)OC2=CC3=C(C=C2)C=C(C=C3)C(=N)N)N=C(N)N", ["Nafamostat is a member of benzoic acids and a member of guanidines.", "Nafamostat is a synthetic serine protease inhibitor that is commonly formulated with hydrochloric acid due to its basic properties. It has been used in trials studying the prevention of Liver Transplantation and Postreperfusion Syndrome. The use of nafamostat in Asian countries is approved as an anticoagulant therapy for patients undergoing continuous renal replacement therapy due to acute kidney injury.", "Nafamostat is a broad-spectrum, synthetic serine protease inhibitor, with anticoagulant, anti-inflammatory, mucus clearing, and potential antiviral activities. Upon administration, nafamostat inhibits the activities of a variety of proteases, including thrombin, plasmin, kallikrein, trypsin, and Cl esterase in the complement system, and factors VIIa, Xa, and XIIa in the coagulation system. Although the mechanism of action of nafamostat is not fully understood, trypsinogen activation in the pancreas is known to be a trigger reaction in the development of pancreatitis. Nafamostat blocks the activation of trypsinogen to trypsin and the inflammatory cascade that follows. Nafamostat may also decrease epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) activity and increase mucus clearance in the airways. ENaC activity is increased in cystic fibrosis. In addition, nafamostat may inhibit the activity of transmembrane protease, serine 2 (TMPRSS2), a host cell serine protease that mediates viral cell entry for influenza virus and coronavirus, thereby inhibiting viral infection and replication."]], ["Nalidixic acid", "CCN1C=C(C(=O)C2=C1N=C(C=C2)C)C(=O)O", ["Nalidixic acid is a cream-colored powder. (NTP, 1992)", "Nalidixic acid is a monocarboxylic acid comprising 1,8-naphthyridin-4-one substituted by carboxylic acid, ethyl and methyl groups at positions 3, 1, and 7, respectively. An orally administered antibacterial, it is used in the treatment of lower urinary-tract infections due to Gram-negative bacteria, including the majority of E. coli, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, and Proteus species. It has a role as an antibacterial drug, a DNA synthesis inhibitor and an antimicrobial agent. It is a monocarboxylic acid, a 1,8-naphthyridine derivative and a quinolone antibiotic. It is a conjugate acid of a nalidixic acid anion.", "Nalidixic acid is a synthetic 1,8-naphthyridine antimicrobial agent with a limited bacteriocidal spectrum. It is an inhibitor of the A subunit of bacterial DNA gyrase.", "Nalidixic acid is a natural product found in Phaseolus vulgaris with data available.", "Nalidixic Acid is a synthetic quinolone and antibacterial agent with urinary tract antiseptic activity. Nalidixic acid concentrates in the renal tubules and bladder and exerts its local antibacterial actions by interference of DNA gyrase activity, thereby inhibiting DNA synthesis during bacterial replication in a dose-dependent manner. Nalidixic acid is active against most gram-negative organisms that cause urinary tract infections.", "A synthetic 1,8-naphthyridine antimicrobial agent with a limited bacteriocidal spectrum. It is an inhibitor of the A subunit of bacterial DNA GYRASE."]], ["Normorphinone, N-allyl-dihydro-14-hydroxy-", "C=CCN1CCC23C4C(=O)CCC2(C1CC5=C3C(=C(C=C5)O)O4)O", ["4a,9-dihydroxy-3-prop-2-enyl-2,4,5,6,7a,13-hexahydro-1H-4,12-methanobenzofuro[3,2-e]isoquinoline-7-one is a member of phenanthrenes."]], ["17-(Cyclopropylmethyl)-4,5alpha-epoxy-3,14-dihydroxymorphinan-6-one", "C1CC1CN2CCC34C5C(=O)CCC3(C2CC6=C4C(=C(C=C6)O)O5)O", ["3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-4a,9-dihydroxy-2,4,5,6,7a,13-hexahydro-1H-4,12-methanobenzofuro[3,2-e]isoquinoline-7-one is a member of phenanthrenes."]], ["Durabolin", "CC12CCC3C(C1CCC2OC(=O)CCC4=CC=CC=C4)CCC5=CC(=O)CCC35", ["Activins are produced in the pituitary, gonads, and other tissues. By acting locally, they stimulate pituitary FSH secretion and have diverse effects on cell differentiation and embryonic development. Activins are glycoproteins that are hetero- or homodimers of INHIBIN-BETA SUBUNITS."]], ["Naphazoline", "C1CN=C(N1)CC2=CC=CC3=CC=CC=C32", ["2-(1-naphthalenylmethyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole is a member of naphthalenes.", "Naphazoline is a rapid acting imidazoline sympathomimetic vasoconstrictor of ocular or nasal artierioles. It acts to decrease congestion and is found in many over the counter (OTC) eye drops and nasal preparations.  Naphazoline was first developed in 1942 as a nasal formulation for congestion.", "Naphazoline is an imidazole derivative and a direct-acting sympathomimetic amine with vasoconstrictive activity. Upon ocular administration, naphazoline exerts its effect by acting on alpha-adrenergic receptors in the arterioles of the conjunctiva to produce vasoconstriction, resulting in decreased conjunctival congestion and diminished itching, irritation and redness.", "An adrenergic vasoconstrictor agent used as a decongestant."]], ["Naratriptan", "CNS(=O)(=O)CCC1=CC2=C(C=C1)NC=C2C3CCN(CC3)C", ["Naratriptan is a sulfonamide, a member of tryptamines and a heteroarylpiperidine. It has a role as a serotonergic agonist and a vasoconstrictor agent.", "Naratriptan is a triptan drug that is selective for the 5-hydroxytryptamine1 receptor subtype. It is typically used for the treatment of migraine headaches.", "Naratriptan is a Serotonin-1b and Serotonin-1d Receptor Agonist. The mechanism of action of naratriptan is as a Serotonin 1b Receptor Agonist, and Serotonin 1d Receptor Agonist.", "Naratriptan is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a triptan drug used for the treatment of migraine headaches. It is a selective 5-hydroxytryptamine1 receptor subtype agonist.Three distinct pharmacological actions have been implicated in the antimigraine effect of the triptans: (1) stimulation of presynaptic 5-HT1D receptors, which serves to inhibit both dural vasodilation and inflammation; (2) direct inhibition of trigeminal nuclei cell excitability via 5-HT1B/1D receptor agonism in the brainstem and (3) vasoconstriction of meningeal, dural, cerebral or pial vessels as a result of vascular 5-HT1B receptor agonism."]], ["N-(P-Cyanophenyl)-N'-diphenylmethyl-guanidine-acetic acid", "C1=CC=C(C=C1)C(C2=CC=CC=C2)NC(=NCC(=O)O)NC3=CC=C(C=C3)C#N", ["[N-(4-cyanophenyl)-N'-(diphenylmethyl)guanidine]acetic acid is a trisubstituted guanidine, carrying 4-cyanophenyl, diphenylmethyl and carboxymethyl substituents, which is known to act as a highly potent sweetening agent. It has a role as an epitope and a sweetening agent. It is a glycine derivative and a member of guanidines."]], ["Nefazodone", "CCC1=NN(C(=O)N1CCOC2=CC=CC=C2)CCCN3CCN(CC3)C4=CC(=CC=C4)Cl", ["Nefazodone is a N-arylpiperazine, a N-alkylpiperazine, a member of triazoles, a member of monochlorobenzenes and an aromatic ether. It has a role as an antidepressant, a serotonergic antagonist, a serotonin uptake inhibitor, an alpha-adrenergic antagonist and an analgesic.", "Nefazodone hydrochloride (trade name Serzone) is an antidepressant drug marketed by Bristol-Myers Squibb. Its sale was discontinued in 2003 in some countries, due to the small possibility of hepatic (liver) injury. Drug-induced hepatic injuries were associated with an risk of elevated need for a liver transplant, or even death, with the incidence of severe liver damage was shown to be approximately 1 in 250,000 to 300,000 patient-years. On May 20, 2004, Bristol-Myers Squibb discontinued the sale of Serzone in the United States.", "Nefazodone is a Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor.", "Nefazodone is a serotoninergic modulating antidepressant that is used in therapy of depression, aggressive behavior and panic disorder. Nefazodone therapy has been associated with transient, usually asymptomatic elevations in serum aminotransferase levels and has been linked to several instances of clinically apparent acute liver injury some of which have been fatal.", "Nefazodone hydrochloride (trade name Serzone) is an antidepressant drug marketed by Bristol-Myers Squibb. Its sale was discontinued in 2003 in some countries, due to the small possibility of hepatic (liver) injury, which could lead to the need for a liver transplant, or even death. The incidence of severe liver damage is approximately 1 in 250,000 to 300,000 patient-years. On May 20, 2004, Bristol-Myers Squibb discontinued the sale of Serzone in the United States. [Wikipedia]"]], ["Nefopam", "CN1CCOC(C2=CC=CC=C2C1)C3=CC=CC=C3", ["5-methyl-1-phenyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1H-2,5-benzoxazocine is a member of the class of benzoxazocines that is 3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1H-2,5-benzoxazocine substituted by phenyl and methyl groups at positions 1 and 5 respectively. It is a benzoxazocine and a tertiary amino compound.", "Nefopam is under investigation for the prevention of Cholecystitis and Post Anaesthetic Shivering. Nefopam has been investigated for the prevention of Kidney Transplantation.", "Non-narcotic analgesic chemically similar to ORPHENADRINE. Its mechanism of action is unclear. It is used for the relief of acute and chronic pain. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p26)"]], ["4,6-Diamino-2-{[3-o-(2,6-diamino-2,6-dideoxyhexopyranosyl)pentofuranosyl]oxy}-3-hydroxycyclohexyl 2,6-diamino-2,6-dideoxyhexopyranoside", "C1C(C(C(C(C1N)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)CN)O)O)N)OC3C(C(C(O3)CO)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CN)O)O)N)O)O)N", ["Neomycin Sulfate is the sulfate salt form of neomycin, a broad spectrum aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from Streptomyces fradiae with antibacterial activity. Neomycin is an antibiotic complex consisting of 3 components: the two isomeric components B and C are the active components, and neomycin A is the minor component. Neomycin irreversibly binds to the 16S rRNA and S12 protein of the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit. As a result, this agent interferes with the assembly of initiation complex between mRNA and the bacterial ribosome, thereby inhibiting the initiation of protein synthesis. In addition, neomycin induces misreading of the mRNA template and causes translational frameshift, thereby results in premature termination. This eventually leads to bacterial cell death.", "Aminoglycoside antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces fradiae. It is composed of neomycins A, B, and C, and acts by inhibiting translation during protein synthesis."]], ["Neostigmine", "CN(C)C(=O)OC1=CC=CC(=C1)[N+](C)(C)C", ["Neostigmine is a quaternary ammonium ion comprising an anilinium ion core having three methyl substituents on the aniline nitrogen, and a 3-[(dimethylcarbamoyl)oxy] substituent at position 3. It is a parasympathomimetic which acts as a reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. It has a role as an EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor and an antidote to curare poisoning.", "A cholinesterase inhibitor used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis and to reverse the effects of muscle relaxants such as gallamine and tubocurarine. Neostigmine, unlike physostigmine, does not cross the blood-brain barrier.", "Neostigmine is a Cholinesterase Inhibitor. The mechanism of action of neostigmine is as a Cholinesterase Inhibitor.", "Neostigmine is a parasympathomimetic agent that acts as a reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor.", "A cholinesterase inhibitor used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis and to reverse the effects of muscle relaxants such as gallamine and tubocurarine. Neostigmine, unlike PHYSOSTIGMINE, does not cross the blood-brain barrier."]], ["Ubiquinone-1", "CC1=C(C(=O)C(=C(C1=O)OC)OC)CC=C(C)C", ["Ubiquinones is any benzoquinone derived from 2,3-dimethoxy-5-methylbenzoquinone; one of a group of naturally occurring homologues. The redox-active quinoid moiety usually carries a polyprenoid side chain at position 6, the number of isoprenoid units in which is species-specific. Ubiquinones are involved in the control of mitochondrial electron transport, and are also potent anti-oxidants. It has a role as an Escherichia coli metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a prenylquinone and a member of 1,4-benzoquinones. It is functionally related to a 2,3-dihydroxy-5-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone.", "Ubiquinone-1 is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).", "Ubiquinone-1 is a natural product found in Eremothecium coryli and Solanum lycopersicum with data available.", "Ubiquinone Q1 is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["Nifedipine", "CC1=C(C(C(=C(N1)C)C(=O)OC)C2=CC=CC=C2[N+](=O)[O-])C(=O)OC", ["Nifedipine appears as odorless yellow crystals or powder. Tasteless. (NTP, 1992)", "Nifedipine is a dihydropyridine, a methyl ester and a C-nitro compound. It has a role as a calcium channel blocker, a vasodilator agent, a tocolytic agent and a human metabolite.", "Nifedipine, or BAY a 1040, is a first generation dihydropyridine L-type calcium channel blocker, similar to [nicardipine]. Nifedipine was developed by Bayer and first described in the literature, along with other dihydropyridines, in 1972. Since nifedipine's development, second and third generation dihydropyridines have been developed with slower onsets and longer durations of action. The most popular of the third generation dihydropyridines is [amlodipine].  Nifedipine was granted FDA approval on 31 December 1981.", "Nifedipine is a Dihydropyridine Calcium Channel Blocker. The mechanism of action of nifedipine is as a Calcium Channel Antagonist.", "Nifedipine is a first generation calcium channel blocker used to treat hypertension and angina pectoris. Nifedipine therapy is associated with a low rate of serum enzyme elevations and has been linked to several instances of clinically apparent acute liver injury.", "Nifedipine is a natural product found in Homo sapiens with data available.", "Nifedipine is a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocking agent. Nifedipine inhibits the transmembrane influx of extracellular calcium ions into myocardial and vascular smooth muscle cells, causing dilatation of the main coronary and systemic arteries and decreasing myocardial contractility. This agent also inhibits the drug efflux pump P-glycoprotein which is overexpressed in some multi-drug resistant tumors and may improve the efficacy of some antineoplastic agents. (NCI04)", "A potent vasodilator agent with calcium antagonistic action. It is a useful anti-anginal agent that also lowers blood pressure."]], ["Nifekalant", "CN1C(=CC(=O)N(C1=O)C)NCCN(CCCC2=CC=C(C=C2)[N+](=O)[O-])CCO", ["Nifekalant is an amine.", "Nifekalant is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03855826 (Evaluation of the Efficacy and Safety of Nifekalant Hydrochloride (NIF) Injection)."]], ["Niflumic acid", "C1=CC(=CC(=C1)NC2=C(C=CC=N2)C(=O)O)C(F)(F)F", ["Niflumic acid is an aromatic carboxylic acid and a member of pyridines.", "Niflumic acid is an analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.", "An analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis."]], ["Nimesulide", "CS(=O)(=O)NC1=C(C=C(C=C1)[N+](=O)[O-])OC2=CC=CC=C2", ["Nimesulide is an aromatic ether having phenyl and 2-methylsulfonamido-5-nitrophenyl as the two aryl groups. It has a role as a cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor and a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. It is a C-nitro compound, a sulfonamide and an aromatic ether. It is functionally related to a nitrobenzene.", "Nimesulide is a relatively COX-2 selective, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with analgesic and antipyretic properties. Its approved indications are the treatment of acute pain, the symptomatic treatment of osteoarthritis and primary dysmenorrhoea in adolescents and adults above 12 years old. Due to concerns about the risk of hepatotoxicity, nimesulide has been withdrawn from market in many countries.", "Nimesulide is a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID) with relative specificity for COX-2 that is not available in the United States, but is used widely in other countries in the treatment of acute pain. Nimesulide has been linked to a low rate of transient serum enzyme elevations during therapy, but also to many instances of clinically apparent acute liver injury that can be severe and can result in acute liver failure, need for emergency liver transplantation and death.", "Nimesulide is a nonsteroidal arylsulfonamide with anti-inflammatory properties.  Nimesulide inhibits the cyclooxygenase-mediated conversion of arachidonic acid to pro-inflammatory prostaglandins.  Modestly selective for COX-2, this agent binds to the enzyme, thereby inactivating it.  Nimesulide may inhibit some carcinogenic COX-2-related carcinogenic effects on xenobiotic metabolism, apoptosis, immune surveillance and angiogenesis (overexpressed COX-2 in tumor epithelial cells enhances production of vascular growth factors and the formation of capillary-like networks). (NCI04)"]], ["Nimodipine", "CC1=C(C(C(=C(N1)C)C(=O)OC(C)C)C2=CC(=CC=C2)[N+](=O)[O-])C(=O)OCCOC", ["Nimodipine is a dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a (2-methoxyethoxy)carbonyl group at position 3, a m-nitrophenyl group at position 4, and an isopropoxycarbonyl group at position 5. An L-type calcium channel blocker, it acts particularly on cerebral circulation, and is used both orally and intravenously for the prevention and treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage from ruptured intracranial aneurysm. It has a role as an antihypertensive agent, a calcium channel blocker, a vasodilator agent and a cardiovascular drug. It is a dihydropyridine, a C-nitro compound, a diester, a member of dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives, a 2-methoxyethyl ester and an isopropyl ester.", "Nimodipine is a 1,4-dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker. It acts primarily on vascular smooth muscle cells by stabilizing voltage-gated L-type calcium channels in their inactive conformation. By inhibiting the influx of calcium in smooth muscle cells, nimodipine prevents calcium-dependent smooth muscle contraction and subsequent vasoconstriction. Compared to other calcium channel blocking agents, nimodipine exhibits greater effects on cerebral circulation than on peripheral circulation. Nimodipine is used to as an adjunct to improve the neurologic outcome following subarachnoid hemorrhage from ruptured intracranial aneurysm.", "Nimodipine is a Dihydropyridine Calcium Channel Blocker. The mechanism of action of nimodipine is as a Calcium Channel Antagonist.", "Nimodipine is a second generation calcium channel blocker used in the treatment of cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Nimodipine is not widely used and has not been implicated in causing clinically apparent acute liver injury.", "Nimodipine is a dihydropyridine derivative and an analogue of the calcium channel blocker nifedipine, with antihypertensive activity. Nimodipine inhibits the transmembrane influx of calcium ions in response to depolarization in smooth muscle cells, thereby inhibiting vascular smooth muscle contraction and inducing vasodilatation. Nimodipine has a greater effect on cerebral arteries than on peripheral smooth muscle cells and myocardial cells, probably because this agent can cross the blood brain barrier due to its lipophilic nature. Furthermore, this agent also inhibits the drug efflux pump P-glycoprotein, which is overexpressed in some multi-drug resistant tumors, and may improve the efficacy of some antineoplastic agents.", "A calcium channel blockader with preferential cerebrovascular activity. It has marked cerebrovascular dilating effects and lowers blood pressure."]], ["Nitrazepam", "C1C(=O)NC2=C(C=C(C=C2)[N+](=O)[O-])C(=N1)C3=CC=CC=C3", ["Nitrazepam is a 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one which is substituted at positions 5 and 7 by phenyl and nitro groups, respectively. It is used as a hypnotic for the short-term management of insomnia and for the treatment of epileptic spasms in infants (West's syndrome). It has a role as an anticonvulsant, an antispasmodic drug, a GABA modulator, a sedative and a drug metabolite. It is a 1,4-benzodiazepinone and a C-nitro compound.", "A benzodiazepine derivative used as an anticonvulsant and hypnotic.", "Nitrazepam is a natural product found in Apis cerana with data available.", "Nitrazepam is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a benzodiazepine derivative used as an anticonvulsant and hypnotic. Nitrazepam belongs to a group of medicines called benzodiazepines. It acts on benzodiazepine receptors in the brain which are associated with the GABA receptors causing an enhanced binding of GABA (gamma amino butyric acid) to GABAA receptors. GABA is a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain, involved in inducing sleepiness, muscular relaxation and control of anxiety and fits, and slows down the central nervous system. The anticonvulsant properties of nitrazepam and other benzodiazepines may be in part or entirely due to binding to voltage-dependent sodium channels rather than benzodiazepine receptors. Sustained repetitive firing seems to be limited by benzodiazepines effect of slowing recovery of sodium channels from inactivation.", "A benzodiazepine derivative used as an anticonvulsant and hypnotic."]], ["Nitrendipine", "CCOC(=O)C1=C(NC(=C(C1C2=CC(=CC=C2)[N+](=O)[O-])C(=O)OC)C)C", ["Nitrendipine is a dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a 3-nitrophenyl group at position 4, a ethoxycarbonyl group at position 3 and a methoxycarbonyl group at position 5. It is a calcium-channel blocker used in the treatment of hypertension. It has a role as a calcium channel blocker, an antihypertensive agent, a vasodilator agent and a geroprotector. It is a C-nitro compound, a dihydropyridine, an ethyl ester, a diester, a member of dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives and a methyl ester.", "Nitrendipine is a calcium channel blocker with marked vasodilator action. It is an effective antihypertensive agent and differs from other calcium channel blockers in that it does not reduce glomerular filtration rate and is mildly natriuretic, rather than sodium retentive.", "A calcium channel blocker with marked vasodilator action. It is an effective antihypertensive agent and differs from other calcium channel blockers in that it does not reduce glomerular filtration rate and is mildly natriuretic, rather than sodium retentive."]], ["Axid Ar", "CNC(=C[N+](=O)[O-])NCCSCC1=CSC(=N1)CN(C)C", ["Nizatidine is a Histamine-2 Receptor Antagonist. The mechanism of action of nizatidine is as a Histamine H2 Receptor Antagonist.", "Nizatidine is a competitive and reversible histamine H2-receptor antagonist with antacid activity. Nizatidine inhibits the histamine H2-receptors located on the basolateral membrane of the gastric parietal cell, thereby reducing basal and nocturnal gastric acid secretion, resulting in a reduction in gastric volume, acidity, and amount of gastric acid released in response to stimuli.", "A histamine H2 receptor antagonist with low toxicity that inhibits gastric acid secretion. The drug is used for the treatment of duodenal ulcers."]], ["Nomifensine", "CN1CC(C2=C(C1)C(=CC=C2)N)C3=CC=CC=C3", ["Nomifensine is an N-methylated tetrahydroisoquinoline carrying phenyl and amino substituents at positions C-4 and C-8, respectively. It has a role as a dopamine uptake inhibitor.", "Nomifensine, formerly marketed as Merital capsules, was associated with an increased incidence of hemolytic anemia. The approved application holder removed Merital capsules from the market on January 23, 1986. FDA published a notice of its determination that Merital capsules were removed from the market for safety reasons (see the Federal Register of June 17, 1986 (51 FR 21981)). Approval of the NDA for Merital capsules was withdrawn on March 20, 1992 (see the Federal Register of March 20, 1992 (57 FR 9729)). Also withdrawn from the Canadian and UK markets.", "An isoquinoline derivative that prevents dopamine reuptake into synaptosomes. The maleate was formerly used in the treatment of depression. It was withdrawn worldwide in 1986 due to the risk of acute hemolytic anemia with intravascular hemolysis resulting from its use. In some cases, renal failure also developed. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p266)"]], ["Nordihydroguaiaretic acid", "CC(CC1=CC(=C(C=C1)O)O)C(C)CC2=CC(=C(C=C2)O)O", ["Nordihydroguaiaretic acid is a tetrol that is butane which is substituted at positions 2 and 3 by 3,4-dihydroxybenzyl groups. Masoprocol, the meso-form found in the leaves of the creosote bush (Larrea divaricata), is a potent lipoxygenase inhibitor. It has a role as an antioxidant, a plant metabolite, a ferroptosis inhibitor and a geroprotector. It is a member of catechols, a tetrol and a lignan.", "Nordihydroguaiaretic acid is a natural product found in Arabidopsis thaliana, Schisandra chinensis, and other organisms with data available.", "A potent lipoxygenase inhibitor that interferes with arachidonic acid metabolism. The compound also inhibits formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase, carboxylesterase, and cyclooxygenase to a lesser extent. It also serves as an antioxidant in fats and oils."]], ["17alpha-Ethinyl-19-nortestosterone", "CC12CCC3C(C1CCC2(C#C)O)CCC4=CC(=O)CCC34", ["A synthetic progestational hormone with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE but functioning as a more potent inhibitor of ovulation. It has weak estrogenic and androgenic properties. The hormone has been used in treating amenorrhea, functional uterine bleeding, endometriosis, and for contraception."]], ["Norfluoxetine", "C1=CC=C(C=C1)C(CCN)OC2=CC=C(C=C2)C(F)(F)F", ["Norfluoxetine is a member of (trifluoromethyl)benzenes."]], ["Nylidrin", "CC(CCC1=CC=CC=C1)NC(C)C(C2=CC=C(C=C2)O)O", ["4-[1-hydroxy-2-(4-phenylbutan-2-ylamino)propyl]phenol is an alkylbenzene.", "Nylidrin, also known as buphenine belongs to the category of drugs called vasodilators, which relax blood vessels and increase blood flow. Nylidrin is a peripheral vasodilator. Some studies show the evidence of improving cognitive impairment in selected individuals, such as geriatric patients with mild to moderate symptoms of cognitive, emotional and physical impairment.  Nylidrin is utilized to treat several disorders that may benefit from increased blood flow (for example, certain mental disorders, blood vessel disease due to diabetes, frostbite, night leg cramps, and certain types of ulcers). This medication works by dilating (widening) blood vessels to help increase blood flow (improving circulation) throughout the body, including the extremities and central nervous system. This effect may help to improve memory/judgment, improve walking ability, and support the healing of frostbite/ulcers.  FDA has considered nylidrin as \"lacking substantial evidence of effectiveness\" in cerebral ischemia, cerebral arteriosclerosis, and other cerebral circulatory insufficiencies. Therefore, the FDA has withdrawn nylidrin from the U.S. market.", "A beta-adrenergic agonist. Nylidrin causes peripheral vasodilation, a positive inotropic effect, and increased gastric volume of gastric juice. It is used in the treatment of peripheral vascular disorders and premature labor."]], ["12-[(2,6-dideoxy-3-O-methylhexopyranosyl)oxy]-6-hydroxy-5,7,8,11,13,15-hexamethyl-4,10-dioxo-1,9-dioxaspiro[2.13]hexadec-14-yl 3,4,6-trideoxy-3-(dimethylamino)hexopyranoside", "CC1CC(C(C(O1)OC2C(CC3(CO3)C(=O)C(C(C(C(OC(=O)C(C(C2C)OC4CC(C(C(O4)C)O)OC)C)C)C)O)C)C)O)N(C)C", ["Oleandomycin is a macrolide antibiotic similar to erythromycin with antimicrobial activity. Oleandomycin targets and reversibly binds to the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. This prevents translocation of peptidyl tRNA leading to an inhibition of protein synthesis.", "Antibiotic macrolide produced by Streptomyces antibioticus."]], ["Olprinone", "CC1=C(C=C(C(=O)N1)C#N)C2=CN3C=CN=C3C=C2", ["Olprinone is a member of bipyridines."]], ["Oxonic Acid", "C1(=NC(=O)NC(=O)N1)C(=O)O", ["5-azaorotic acid is a member of 1,3,5-triazines and a monocarboxylic acid.", "Oteracil is an adjunct to antineoplastic therapy, used to reduce the toxic side effects associated with chemotherapy. Approved by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) in March 2011, Oteracil is available in combination with [DB09257] and [DB09256] within the commercially available product \"Teysuno\". The main active ingredient in Teysuno is [DB09256], a pro-drug of [DB00544] (5-FU), which is a cytotoxic anti-metabolite drug that acts on rapidly dividing cancer cells. By mimicking a class of compounds called \"pyrimidines\" that are essential components of RNA and DNA, 5-FU is able to insert itself into strands of DNA and RNA, thereby halting the replication process necessary for continued cancer growth.  Oteracil's main role within Teysuno is to reduce the activity of 5-FU within normal gastrointestinal mucosa, and therefore reduce's gastrointestinal toxicity. It functions by blocking the enzyme orotate phosphoribosyltransferase (OPRT), which is involved in the production of 5-FU.", "Oteracil is a modulator of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) activity and inhibitor of the enzyme orotate phosphoribosyl-transferase (OPRT), with chemoprotective activity. Oteracil preferentially localizes in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract where it inhibits OPRT, thereby decreasing metabolism of 5-FU into its active metabolite 5-fluorouridine-5'-monophosphate (FUMP). This decreases activated 5-FU-related gastrointestinal toxicity.", "Antagonist of urate oxidase."]], ["1,2-Cyclohexanediamine", "C1CCC(C(C1)N)N", ["1,2-diaminocyclohexane appears as a clear to light yellow liquid. Corrosive to the eyes, skin, mouth, throat and stomach. Vapors may irritate eyes.", "Cyclohexane-1,2-diamine is a primary aliphatic amine."]], ["Oxaprozin", "C1=CC=C(C=C1)C2=C(OC(=N2)CCC(=O)O)C3=CC=CC=C3", ["Oxaprozin is a monocarboxylic acid that is a propionic acid derivative having a 4,5-diphenyl-1,3-oxazol-2-yl substituent at position 3. It is non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used to relieve the pain and inflammatory responses associated with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. It has a role as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and an analgesic. It is a member of 1,3-oxazoles and a monocarboxylic acid. It is functionally related to a propionic acid.", "Oxaprozin is a non-narcotic, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), used to relieve the inflammation, swelling, stiffness, and joint pain associated with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.", "Oxaprozin is a Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug. The mechanism of action of oxaprozin is as a Cyclooxygenase Inhibitor.", "Oxaprozin is a long acting nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID) available by prescription only which is used for therapy of chronic arthritis. Oxaprozin has been linked to rare instances of idiosyncratic drug induced liver disease.", "Oxaprozin is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) derivative of oxazole-propionic acid with analgesic and antipyretic properties.  As a first generation NSAID inhibitor, oxaprozin binds to and inactivates both isoforms of cyclooxygenase (COX-1 and-2), thereby blocking the conversion of arachidonic acid to pro-inflammatory prostaglandins.  When inhibiting COX-2, this agent may be effective in relieving pain and inflammation; when inhibiting COX-1, it may produce unacceptable gastrointestinal side effects. (NCI04)", "An oxazole-propionic acid derivative, cyclooxygenase inhibitor, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that is used in the treatment of pain and inflammation associated with of OSTEOARTHRITIS; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; and ARTHRITIS, JUVENILE."]], ["Oxethazaine", "CC(C)(CC1=CC=CC=C1)N(C)C(=O)CN(CCO)CC(=O)N(C)C(C)(C)CC2=CC=CC=C2", ["Oxethazaine is a white powder. (NTP, 1992)", "Oxethazaine is an amino acid amide.", "Oxetacaine, also called oxethazaince, is a potent surface analgesic with the molecular formula N, N-bis-(N-methyl-N-phenyl-t-butyl-acetamide)-beta-hydroxyethylamine that conserves its unionized form at low pH levels. Its actions have shown to relieve dysphagia, relieve pain due to reflux, chronic gastritis, and duodenal ulcer. Oxetacaine is approved by Health Canada since 1995 for its use as an antacid combination in over-the-counter preparations. It is also in the list of approved derivatives of herbal products by the EMA."]], ["Oxibendazole", "CCCOC1=CC2=C(C=C1)N=C(N2)NC(=O)OC", ["N-(6-propoxy-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)carbamic acid methyl ester is a member of benzimidazoles and a carbamate ester.", "Oxibendazole is a polymerase inhibitor in phase III trials for the treatment of helminth intestinal infections."]], ["Oxybuprocaine", "CCCCOC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C(=O)OCCN(CC)CC)N", ["Oxybuprocaine is a benzoate ester in which 4-amino-3-butoxybenzoic acid and 2-(diethylamino)ethanol have combined to form the ester bond; an ester-based local anaesthetic (ester \"caine\") used especially in ophthalmology and otolaryngology. It has a role as a local anaesthetic, a topical anaesthetic and a drug allergen. It is a benzoate ester, a tertiary amino compound, a substituted aniline and an amino acid ester. It is functionally related to a 2-diethylaminoethanol.", "Oxybuprocaine (also known as Benoxinate) is a local anesthetic, which is used especially in ophthalmology and otolaryngology. Oxybuprocaine binds to sodium channels and reversibly stabilizes the neuronal membrane which decreases its permeability to sodium ions."]], ["Oxyphenbutazone", "CCCCC1C(=O)N(N(C1=O)C2=CC=C(C=C2)O)C3=CC=CC=C3", ["Oxyphenbutazone is a metabolite of phenylbutazone obtained by hydroxylation at position 4 of one of the phenyl rings. Commonly used (as its hydrate) to treat pain, swelling and stiffness associated with arthritis and gout, it was withdrawn from the market 1984 following association with blood dyscrasis and Stevens-Johnson syndrome. It has a role as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, a non-narcotic analgesic, an antipyretic, a gout suppressant, a drug metabolite, a xenobiotic metabolite, an antineoplastic agent and an antimicrobial agent. It is a member of pyrazolidines and a member of phenols. It is functionally related to a phenylbutazone.", "Oxyphenbutazone was withdrawn from the Canadian market in March 1985 due to concerns regarding bone marrow suppression.", "A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Oxyphenbutazone eyedrops have been used abroad in the management of postoperative ocular inflammation, superficial eye injuries, and episcleritis. (From AMA, Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p2000) It had been used by mouth in rheumatic disorders such as ankylosing spondylitis, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis but such use is no longer considered justified owing to the risk of severe hematological adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p27)"]], ["Oxyphencyclimine", "CN1CCCN=C1COC(=O)C(C2CCCCC2)(C3=CC=CC=C3)O", ["Oxyphencyclimine is a monocarboxylic acid.", "Oxyphencyclimine is an anticholinergic drug (trade name Daricon) used in treating peptic ulcers.", "Oxyphencyclimine is a synthetic tertiary amine and antimuscarinic agent with antispasmodic and antisecretory activities. Oxyphencyclimine binds to and blocks the muscarinic receptor on smooth muscle. This agent has a direct relaxing effect on smooth muscle and therefore prevents spasms in the muscles of the gastrointestinal tract, inhibits gastrointestinal propulsive motility, decreases gastric acid secretion and controls excessive pharyngeal, tracheal and bronchial secretion."]], ["4-Aminosalicylic acid", "C1=CC(=C(C=C1N)O)C(=O)O", ["4-aminosalicylic acid is an aminobenzoic acid that is salicylic acid substituted by an amino group at position 4. It has a role as an antitubercular agent. It is an aminobenzoic acid and a member of phenols. It is functionally related to a salicylic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a 4-aminosalicylate(1-).", "An antitubercular agent often administered in association with isoniazid. The sodium salt of the drug is better tolerated than the free acid.", "Aminosalicylic Acid is an analog of para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) with antitubercular activity. Aminosalicylic acid exerts its bacteriostatic activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis by competing with PABA for enzymes involved in folate synthesis, thereby suppressing growth and reproduction of M. tuberculosis, eventually leading to cell death.", "An antitubercular agent often administered in association with ISONIAZID. The sodium salt of the drug is better tolerated than the free acid."]], ["Panthenol", "CC(C)(CO)C(C(=O)NCCCO)O", ["Panthenol is an alcohol derivative of pantothenic acid, a component of the B complex vitamins and an essential component of a normally functioning epithelium. Panthenol exists as a racemic mixture containing both the dextrorotatory form (dexpanthenol) and the levorotatory form (levopanthenol). While pantothenic acid is optically active, only the dextrorotatory form ([DB09357]) is biologically active.  Dexpanthenol, the active form of panthenol, is enzymatically cleaved to form pantothenic acid (Vitamin B5), which is an essential component of Coenzyme A that acts as a cofactor in many enzymatic reactions that are important for protein metabolism in the epithelium.  Due to its good penetration and high local concentrations, dexpanthanol is used in many topical products, such as ointments and lotions for treatment of dermatological conditions to relieve itching or promote healing. Dermatological effects of the topical use of dexpanthenol include increased fibroblast proliferation and accelerated re-epithelialization in wound healing. Furthermore, it acts as a topical protectant, moisturizer, and has demonstrated anti-inflammatory properties."]], ["Pargyline", "CN(CC#C)CC1=CC=CC=C1", ["Pargyline is an aromatic amine.", "Pargyline is a monoamine oxidase inhibitor with antihypertensive properties.", "Pargyline is a monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor with antidepressant activity. Pargyline selectively inhibits MAO type B, an enzyme catalyzing the oxidative deamination and inactivation of certain catecholamines, such as norepinephrine and dopamine, within the presynaptic nerve terminals. By inhibiting the metabolism of these biogenic amines in the brain, pargyline increases their concentration and binding to postsynaptic receptors. Increased receptor stimulation may cause downregulation of central receptors which may attribute to pargyline's antidepressant effect.", "A monoamine oxidase inhibitor with antihypertensive properties."]], ["Paromomycin I", "C1C(C(C(C(C1N)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)N)OC3C(C(C(O3)CO)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CN)O)O)N)O)O)N", ["An aminoglycoside antibacterial and antiprotozoal agent produced by species of STREPTOMYCES."]], ["3-(1,3-Benzodioxol-5-yloxymethyl)-4-(4-fluorophenyl)piperidine", "C1CNCC(C1C2=CC=C(C=C2)F)COC3=CC4=C(C=C3)OCO4", ["3-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yloxymethyl)-4-(4-fluorophenyl)piperidine is a member of piperidines."]], ["Patulin", "C1C=C2C(=CC(=O)O2)C(O1)O", ["Patulin is a furopyran and lactone that is (2H-pyran-3(6H)-ylidene)acetic acid which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 4 and in which the hydroxy group at position 4 has condensed with the carboxy group to give the corresponding bicyclic lactone. A mycotoxin produced by several species of Aspergillus and Penicillium, it has antibiotic properties but has been shown to be carcinogenic and mutagenic. It has a role as an antimicrobial agent, a mycotoxin, a carcinogenic agent, a mutagen, a Penicillium metabolite and an Aspergillus metabolite. It is a furopyran, a lactol and a gamma-lactone.", "Patulin is a natural product found in Alternaria tenuissima, Talaromyces diversus, and other organisms with data available.", "Patulin is found in pomes. Mycotoxin, found as a contaminant of foods, e.g. apple juice. Sometimes detd. in apple juice Patulin is a mycotoxin produced by a variety of molds, particularly Aspergillus and Penicillium. It is commonly found in rotting apples, and the amount of patulin in apple products is generally viewed as a measure of the quality of the apples used in production. It is not a particularly potent toxin, but a number of studies have shown that it is genotoxic, which has led to some theories that it may be a carcinogen, though animal studies have remained inconclusive. Patulin is also an antibiotic. Several countries have instituted patulin restrictions in apple products. The World Health Organization recommends a maximum concentration of 50 ug/L in apple juice.\n\nPatulin has been shown to exhibit apoptotic and antibiotic functions (A7849, A7850).\n\nPatulin belongs to the family of Pyrans. These are compounds containing a pyran ring, which is a six-member heterocyclic, non-aromatic ring with five carbon atoms, one oxygen atom and two ring double bonds.", "4-Hydroxy-4H-furo(3,2-c)pyran-2(6H)-one. A mycotoxin produced by several species of Aspergillus and Penicillium. It is found in unfermented apple and grape juice and field crops. It has antibiotic properties and has been shown to be carcinogenic and mutagenic and causes chromosome damage in biological systems."]], ["3,3-Dimethyl-7-oxo-6-[(phenoxyacetyl)amino]-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid", "CC1(C(N2C(S1)C(C2=O)NC(=O)COC3=CC=CC=C3)C(=O)O)C", ["3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-6-[(1-oxo-2-phenoxyethyl)amino]-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid is a penicillin."]], ["Perazine", "CN1CCN(CC1)CCCN2C3=CC=CC=C3SC4=CC=CC=C42", ["Perazine is a phenothiazine derivative in which 10H-phenothiazinecarries a 3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl substituent at the N-10 position. It has a role as a phenothiazine antipsychotic drug and a dopaminergic antagonist. It is a N-alkylpiperazine, a N-methylpiperazine and a member of phenothiazines. It derives from a hydride of a 10H-phenothiazine.", "Perazine has been used in trials studying the treatment of Dementia, Depression, Schizophrenia, Anxiety Disorders, and Psychosomatic Disorders, among others.", "A phenothiazine antipsychotic with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROMAZINE. Extrapyramidal symptoms may be more common than other side effects."]], ["Perhexiline", "C1CCC(CC1)C(CC2CCCCN2)C3CCCCC3", ["Perhexiline is a member of piperidines. It has a role as a cardiovascular drug.", "Perhexiline is a coronary vasodilator used especially for angina of effort. It may cause neuropathy and hepatitis.", "Perhexiline is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a coronary vasodilator used especially for angina of effort. It may cause neuropathy and hepatitis. [PubChem]Perhexiline binds to the mitochondrial enzyme carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT)-1 and CPT-2. It acts by shifting myocardial substrate utilisation from long chain fatty acids to carbohydrates through inhibition of CPT-1 and, to a lesser extent, CPT-2, resulting in increased glucose and lactate utilization. This results in increased ATP production for the same O2 consumption as before and consequently increases myocardial efficiency.", "2-(2,2-Dicyclohexylethyl)piperidine. Coronary vasodilator used especially for angina of effort. It may cause neuropathy and hepatitis."]], ["Perphenazine", "C1CN(CCN1CCCN2C3=CC=CC=C3SC4=C2C=C(C=C4)Cl)CCO", ["Perphenazine is a phenothiazine derivative in which the phenothiazine tricycle carries a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a 3-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]propyl group at N-10. It has a role as a phenothiazine antipsychotic drug, a dopaminergic antagonist and an antiemetic. It is a member of phenothiazines, a N-alkylpiperazine, a N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine and an organochlorine compound. It derives from a hydride of a 10H-phenothiazine.", "An antipsychotic phenothiazine derivative with actions and uses similar to those of chlorpromazine.", "Perphenazine is a Phenothiazine.", "Perphenazine is a phenothiazine and antipsychotic agent, now rarely used in clinical practice. Perphenazine can cause mild and transient serum enzyme elevations and is a rare cause of clinically apparent acute and chronic cholestatic liver injury.", "Perphenazine is a phenothiazine derivative and a dopamine antagonist with antiemetic and antipsychotic properties. Perphenazine blocks postsynaptic dopamine 2(D2) receptors in the mesolimbic and medullary chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ), thereby preventing the excess of dopamine in the brain. This leads to reduction in psychotic symptoms, such as hallucinations and delusions. Perphenazine appears to exert its antiemetic activity by blocking the dopamine and histamine-1 receptor in the CTZ thereby relieving nausea and vomiting in the brain. In addition, perphenazine binds to alpha-adrenergic receptors.", "An antipsychotic phenothiazine derivative with actions and uses similar to those of chlorpromazine. [PubChem]", "An antipsychotic phenothiazine derivative with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROMAZINE."]], ["Phenazopyridine", "C1=CC=C(C=C1)N=NC2=C(N=C(C=C2)N)N", ["Phenazopyridine is a diaminopyridine that is 2,6-diaminopyridine substituted at position 3 by a phenylazo group. A local anesthetic that has topical analgesic effect on mucosa lining of the urinary tract. Its use is limited by problems with toxicity (primarily blood disorders) and potential carcinogenicity. It has a role as a local anaesthetic, a non-narcotic analgesic, a carcinogenic agent and an anticoronaviral agent. It is a diaminopyridine and an azo compound. It is a conjugate base of a phenazopyridine(1+).", "Phenazopyridine, also known as Pyridium, is a urinary tract analgesic used for the short-term management of urinary tract irritation and its associated unpleasant symptoms such as burning and pain during urination. In the USA, this drug was previously marked by Roche but has been discontinued by the FDA. It is still used in various parts of the world. Ingestion of phenazopyridine is found to change the appearance of the urine by imparting an orange or red color, as it is considered an azo dye.", "Phenazopyridine is a synthetic pyridine derivative anesthetic, Phenazopyridine is used as a local anesthetic in urinary tract disorders to relieve pain of lower urinary-tract irritation, as in cystitis, urethritis or prostatitis. Compatible with relief of pain and discomfort in antibacterial therapy, its use is limited however due to toxicity (primarily blood disorders) and potential carcinogenicity. (NCI04)", "A local anesthetic that has been used in urinary tract disorders. Its use is limited by problems with toxicity (primarily blood disorders) and potential carcinogenicity."]], ["Phenazine", "C1=CC=C2C(=C1)N=C3C=CC=CC3=N2", ["Phenazine is an azaarene that is anthracene in which the carbon atoms at positions 9 and 10 are replaced by nitrogen atoms. It is a mancude organic heterotricyclic parent, a heteranthrene, a polycyclic heteroarene, a member of phenazines and an azaarene.", "Phenazine is a natural product found in Streptomyces antibioticus, Streptomyces anulatus, and other organisms with data available."]], ["Phenindione", "C1=CC=C(C=C1)C2C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3C2=O", ["Phenindione is a beta-diketone and an aromatic ketone. It has a role as an anticoagulant. It derives from a hydride of an indane.", "An indandione that has been used as an anticoagulant. Phenindione has actions similar to warfarin, but it is now rarely employed because of its higher incidence of severe adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p234)", "Phenindione is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is an indandione that has been used as an anticoagulant. Phenindione has actions similar to warfarin, but it is now rarely employed because of its higher incidence of severe adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p234). Phenindione inhibits vitamin K reductase, resulting in depletion of the reduced form of vitamin K (vitamin KH2). As vitamin K is a cofactor for the carboxylation of glutamate residues on the N-terminal regions of vitamin K-dependent proteins, this limits the gamma-carboxylation and subsequent activation of the vitamin K-dependent coagulant proteins. The synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors II, VII, IX, and X and anticoagulant proteins C and S is inhibited. Depression of three of the four vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors (factors II, VII, and X) results in decreased prothrombin levels and a decrease in the amount of thrombin generated and bound to fibrin. This reduces the thrombogenicity of clots.", "An indandione that has been used as an anticoagulant. Phenindione has actions similar to WARFARIN, but it is now rarely employed because of its higher incidence of severe adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p234)"]], ["Phenmetrazine", "CC1C(OCCN1)C2=CC=CC=C2", ["Phenmetrazine is a member of the class of morpholines that is morpholine substituted with a phenyl group at position 2 and a methyl group at position 3. It has a role as a metabolite and a sympathomimetic agent. It is functionally related to a morpholine.", "A sympathomimetic drug used primarily as an appetite depressant. Its actions and mechanisms are similar to dextroamphetamine.", "A sympathomimetic drug used primarily as an appetite depressant. Its actions and mechanisms are similar to dextroamphetamine. [PubChem]", "A sympathomimetic drug used primarily as an appetite depressant. Its actions and mechanisms are similar to DEXTROAMPHETAMINE."]], ["Phenoxybenzamine", "CC(COC1=CC=CC=C1)N(CCCl)CC2=CC=CC=C2", ["Phenoxybenzamine is an aromatic amine.", "An alpha-adrenergic antagonist with long duration of action. It has been used to treat hypertension and as a peripheral vasodilator.", "Phenoxybenzamine is an alpha-Adrenergic Blocker. The mechanism of action of phenoxybenzamine is as an Adrenergic alpha-Antagonist.", "Phenoxybenzamine is a synthetic, dibenzamine alpha adrenergic antagonist with antihypertensive and vasodilatory properties. Phenoxybenzamine non-selectively and irreversibly blocks the postsynaptic alpha-adrenergic receptor in smooth muscle, thereby preventing vasoconstriction, relieving vasospasms, and decreasing peripheral resistance. Reflex tachycardia may occur and may be enhanced by blockade of alpha-2 receptors which enhances norepinephrine release. Phenoxybenzamine is reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen.", "An alpha-adrenergic antagonist with long duration of action. It has been used to treat hypertension and as a peripheral vasodilator."]], ["Phentermine", "CC(C)(CC1=CC=CC=C1)N", ["Benzeneethanamine, alpha,alpha-dimethyl- is an oily liquid. Insoluble in water.", "Phentermine is a primary amine. It has a role as a dopaminergic agent, an adrenergic agent, a sympathomimetic agent, an appetite depressant, a central nervous system stimulant and a central nervous system drug. It is a conjugate base of a phentermine(1+).", "Phentermine is a sympathomimetic amine anorectic agent and it was introduced in 1959 as part of an anti-obesity combination drug. It is chemically related to amphetamine and it is commonly referred to as an atypical amphetamine. Phentermine has not been reported an addictive potential which allows this agent to be classified under the Schedule IV drugs (low abuse potential).  Phentermine was FDA approved for short-term weight management in 1959 and it became widely used in 1960. This initial product, formed by the combination of phentermine with [fenfluramine] and [dexfenfluramine] was discontinued after finding several reports of abnormal valves in nearly 30% of the consumers. Later on, phentermine was approved alone and in combination with topiramate in 2012 as a new alternative that required lower doses of phentermine to obtain the desired effect.", "Phentermine is a Sympathomimetic Amine Anorectic. The physiologic effect of phentermine is by means of Appetite Suppression, and Increased Sympathetic Activity.", "Phentermine is a sympathomimetic amine and anorectic agent used for the short term therapy of obesity. Phentermine which has been in clinical use for more than 50 years has not been linked convincingly to either serum enzyme elevations during therapy or to instances of clinically apparent liver injury.", "Phentermine is a natural monoamine alkaloid derivative and a sympathomimetic stimulant with appetite suppressant property. Phentermine, which was part of the Fen-Phen anti-obesity medication, stimulates hypothalamic release of norepinephrine, a neurotransmitter involved in stress responses (fight-or-flight reactions), and reduces hunger sensation. Phentermine also causes the release of epinephrine or adrenaline outside of the brain, resulting in breakdown of stored fat.", "Phentermine is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic with actions and uses similar to those of dextroamphetamine. It has been used most frequently in the treatment of obesity. Phentermine is an amphetamine that stimulates neurons to release or maintain high levels of a particular group of neurotransmitters known as catecholamines; these include dopamine and norepinephrine. High levels of these catecholamines tend to suppress hunger signals and appetite. The drug seems to inhibit reuptake of noradrenaline, dopamine, and seratonin through inhibition or reversal of the reuptake transporters. It may also inhibit MAO enzymes leaving more neurotransmitter available at the synapse.Phentermine (through catecholamine elevation) may also indirectly affect leptin levels in the brain. It is theorized that phentermine can raise levels of leptin which signal satiety. It is also theorized that increased levels of the catecholamines are partially responsible for halting another chemical messenger known as neuropeptide Y. This peptide initiates eating, decreases energy expenditure, and increases fat storage.", "A central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic with actions and uses similar to those of DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. It has been used most frequently in the treatment of obesity."]], ["4-Phenylbutyric acid", "C1=CC=C(C=C1)CCCC(=O)O", ["4-phenylbutyric acid is a monocarboxylic acid the structure of which is that of butyric acid substituted with a phenyl group at C-4. It is a histone deacetylase inhibitor that displays anticancer activity. It inhibits cell proliferation, invasion and migration and induces apoptosis in glioma cells. It also inhibits protein isoprenylation, depletes plasma glutamine, increases production of foetal haemoglobin through transcriptional activation of the gamma-globin gene and affects hPPARgamma activation. It has a role as an EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor, an antineoplastic agent, an apoptosis inducer and a prodrug. It is functionally related to a butyric acid. It is a conjugate acid of a 4-phenylbutyrate.", "Phenylbutyric acid is a fatty acid and a derivative of [butyric acid] naturally produced by colonic bacteria fermentation. It demonstrates a number of cellular and biological effects, such as relieving inflammation and acting as a chemical chaperone. It is used to treat genetic metabolic syndromes, neuropathies, and urea cycle disorders.", "Phenylbutyric acid is a Nitrogen Binding Agent. The mechanism of action of phenylbutyric acid is as an Ammonium Ion Binding Activity.", "Phenylbutyrate and sodium benzoate are orphan drugs approved for the treatment of hyperammonemia in patients with urea cycle disorders, a series of at least 8 rare genetic enzyme deficiencies. The urea cycle is the major pathway of elimination of excess nitrogen including ammonia, and absence of one of the urea cycle enzymes often causes elevations in serum ammonia which can be severe, life-threatening and result in permanent neurologic damage and cognitive deficiencies. Both phenylbutyrate and sodium benzoate act by promoting an alternative pathway of nitrogen elimination. Neither phenylbutyrate nor sodium benzoate have been linked to cases of liver injury either in the form of serum enzyme elevations during therapy or clinically apparent acute liver injury.", "4-Phenylbutyric acid is a natural product found in Streptomyces with data available."]], ["Phorbol myristate acetate", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC1C(C2(C(C=C(CC3(C2C=C(C3=O)C)O)CO)C4C1(C4(C)C)OC(=O)C)O)C", ["LSM-4341 is a phorbol ester.", "A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL with very effective tumor promoting activity. It stimulates the synthesis of both DNA and RNA."]], ["2(3H)-Furanone, 3-ethyldihydro-4-[(1-methyl-1H-imidazol-5-yl)methyl]-, (3S-cis)-", "CCC1C(COC1=O)CC2=CN=CN2C", ["Xi,xi-pilocarpine is a member of imidazoles and a butan-4-olide.", "2(3H)-Furanone, 3-ethyldihydro-4-[(1-methyl-1H-imidazol-5-yl)methyl]-, (3S-cis)- is a natural product found in Pilocarpus jaborandi and Pilocarpus pennatifolius with data available."]], ["7-[4-amino-6-methyl-5-(oxan-2-yloxy)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6,9,11-trihydroxy-9-(2-hydroxyacetyl)-4-methoxy-8,10-dihydro-7H-tetracene-5,12-dione", "CC1C(C(CC(O1)OC2CC(CC3=C2C(=C4C(=C3O)C(=O)C5=C(C4=O)C(=CC=C5)OC)O)(C(=O)CO)O)N)OC6CCCCO6", ["Pirarubicin is an analogue of the anthracycline antineoplastic antibiotic doxorubicin.  Pirarubicin intercalates into DNA and interacts with topoisomerase II, thereby inhibiting DNA replication and repair and RNA and protein synthesis.  This agent is less cardiotoxic than doxorubicin and exhibits activity against some doxorubicin-resistant cell lines. (NCI04)"]], ["Pirbuterol", "CC(C)(C)NCC(C1=NC(=C(C=C1)O)CO)O", ["Pirbuterol is a member of pyridines.", "Pirbuterol is a beta-2 adrenergic bronchodilator. In vitro studies and in vivo pharmacologic studies have demonstrated that pirbuterol has a preferential effect on beta-2 Adrenergic receptors compared with isoproterenol. While it is recognized that beta-2 adrenergic receptors are the predominant receptors in bronchial smooth muscle, data indicate that there is a population of beta-2 receptors in the human heart, existing in a concentration between 10-50%. The precise function of these receptors has not been established.  The pharmacologic effects of beta adrenergic agonist drugs, including pirbuterol, are at least in proof attributable to stimulation through beta adrenergic receptors of intracellular adenyl cyclase, the enzyme which catalyzes the conversion of adenosine triphosphate (AlP) to cyclic-3\u2020 ,5\u2020-adenosine monophosphate (c-AMP). Increased c-AMP levels are associated with relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle and inhibition of release of mediators of immediate hypersensitivity from cells, especially from mast cells.", "Pirbuterol is a beta2-Adrenergic Agonist. The mechanism of action of pirbuterol is as an Adrenergic beta2-Agonist.", "Pirbuterol is a natural product found in Caenorhabditis elegans with data available.", "Pirbuterol is a short-acting, beta-adrenergic receptor agonist with bronchodilator activity. Pirbuterol selectively binds to beta-2 adrenergic receptors in bronchial smooth muscle, thereby activating intracellular adenyl cyclase, an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to cyclic-3',5'-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). Increased cAMP levels cause relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle, relieve bronchospasms, improve mucociliary clearance and inhibit the release of mediators of immediate hypersensitivity from cells, especially from mast cells."]], ["Pirenzepine", "CN1CCN(CC1)CC(=O)N2C3=CC=CC=C3C(=O)NC4=C2N=CC=C4", ["Pirenzepine is a pyridobenzodiazepine. It has a role as an anti-ulcer drug, a muscarinic antagonist and an antispasmodic drug.", "An antimuscarinic agent that inhibits gastric secretion at lower doses than are required to affect gastrointestinal motility, salivary, central nervous system, cardiovascular, ocular, and urinary function. It promotes the healing of duodenal ulcers and due to its cytoprotective action is beneficial in the prevention of duodenal ulcer recurrence. It also potentiates the effect of other antiulcer agents such as cimetidine and ranitidine. It is generally well tolerated by patients.", "An antimuscarinic agent that inhibits gastric secretion at lower doses than are required to affect gastrointestinal motility, salivary, central nervous system, cardiovascular, ocular, and urinary function. It promotes the healing of duodenal ulcers and due to its cytoprotective action is beneficial in the prevention of duodenal ulcer recurrence. It also potentiates the effect of other antiulcer agents such as CIMETIDINE and RANITIDINE. It is generally well tolerated by patients."]], ["Piribedil", "C1CN(CCN1CC2=CC3=C(C=C2)OCO3)C4=NC=CC=N4", ["2-[4-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-ylmethyl)-1-piperazinyl]pyrimidine is a N-arylpiperazine.", "Piribedil has been investigated in Parkinson's Disease.", "A dopamine D2 agonist. It is used in the treatment of parkinson disease, particularly for alleviation of tremor. It has also been used for circulatory disorders and in other applications as a D2 agonist."]], ["Renese", "CN1C(NC2=CC(=C(C=C2S1(=O)=O)S(=O)(=O)N)Cl)CSCC(F)(F)F", ["Crystals or white powder. (NTP, 1992)", "Polythiazide is a benzothiadiazine.", "A thiazide diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of hydrochlorothiazide. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p826)", "Polythiazide is a Thiazide Diuretic. The physiologic effect of polythiazide is by means of Increased Diuresis.", "Polythiazide is a long acting benzothiadiazine sulfonamide derivative belonging to the class of the thiazide diuretics. Polythiazide is excreted mainly in its unchanged form.", "A thiazide diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p826)"]], ["Pomiferin", "CC(=CCC1=C2C(=C3C(=C1O)C(=O)C(=CO3)C4=CC(=C(C=C4)O)O)C=CC(O2)(C)C)C", ["Pomiferin is a member of isoflavanones.", "Pomiferin is a natural product found in Derris montana, Maclura pomifera, and other organisms with data available."]], ["Practolol", "CC(C)NCC(COC1=CC=C(C=C1)NC(=O)C)O", ["Practolol is n-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)acetamide in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group is substituted by a 3-(isopropylaminoamino)-2-hydroxypropyl group. A selective beta blocker, it has been used in the emergency treatment of cardiac arrhythmias. It has a role as a beta-adrenergic antagonist and an anti-arrhythmia drug. It is a propanolamine, a member of ethanolamines, a secondary alcohol, a member of acetamides and a secondary amino compound.", "A beta-adrenergic antagonist that has been used in the emergency treatment of cardiac arrhythmias.", "A beta-1 adrenergic antagonist that has been used in the emergency treatment of CARDIAC ARRYTHMIAS."]], ["Pramocaine", "CCCCOC1=CC=C(C=C1)OCCCN2CCOCC2", ["Pramocaine is a member of the class of morpholines that is morpholine substituted at the nitrogen atom by a 3-(4-butoxyphenoxy)propyl group. It has a role as a local anaesthetic. It is a member of morpholines and an aromatic ether.", "Pramocaine (also known as pramoxine or pramoxine HCI) is a topical anesthetic and antipruritic. It is used for many dermatological and anorectal/anogenital conditions including minor cuts/burns, insect bites, hives/rashes due to poison ivy exposure, hemorrhoids and other anorectal/anogenital disorders.  Pramocaine is available by itself and in combination with other medications in various topical preparations. It works by preventing ionic fluctuations needed for neuron membrane depolarization and action potential propagation.", "Pramocaine is a morpholine derivative with local anesthetic property. Pramocaine decreases the permeability of the neuronal membrane to sodium ions by reversibly binding to and inhibiting voltage-gated sodium channels. This results in stabilization of the membrane and, thereby inhibiting the ionic fluxes required for membrane depolarization, hence resulting in the failure to initiate a propagated action potential and subsequent conduction blockade."]], ["Pridinol", "C1CCN(CC1)CCC(C2=CC=CC=C2)(C3=CC=CC=C3)O", ["Pridinol is a piperidine substituted at position 1 by a 3-hydroxy-3,3-diphenylpropyl group. It has a role as a muscle relaxant and an antiparkinson drug. It is a tertiary alcohol and a member of piperidines."]], ["Primaquine", "CC(CCCN)NC1=C2C(=CC(=C1)OC)C=CC=N2", ["Primaquine is an N-substituted diamine that is pentane-1,4-diamine substituted by a 6-methoxyquinolin-8-yl group at the N(4) position. It is a drug used in the treatment of malaria and Pneumocystis pneumonia. It has a role as an antimalarial. It is an aminoquinoline, a N-substituted diamine and an aromatic ether.", "Primaquine phosphate is an antimalarial prescription medicine approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for preventing relapses of malaria caused by the parasite Plasmodium vivax (P. vivax).", "An aminoquinoline that is given by mouth to produce a radical cure and prevent relapse of vivax and ovale malarias following treatment with a blood schizontocide. It has also been used to prevent transmission of falciparum malaria by those returning to areas where there is a potential for re-introduction of malaria. Adverse effects include anemias and GI disturbances. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopeia, 30th ed, p404)", "Primaquine is an Antimalarial.", "Primaquine is an aminoquinoline that has been used for the prevention and therapy of malaria for more than 50 years. Primaquine is not associated with serum enzyme elevations during therapy and has yet to be linked to instances of clinically apparent acute liver injury.", "Primaquine is a natural product found in Streptomyces rimosus with data available.", "Primaquine is a synthetic, 8-aminoquinoline derivative with antimalarial properties.  Although its mechanism of action is unclear, primaquine bind to and alter the properties of protozoal DNA.  This agent eliminates tissue (exo-erythrocytic) malarial infection, preventing the development of the erythrocytic forms of the parasite which are responsible for relapses in Plasmodium vivax and ovale malaria.  Primaquine is active against late hepatic stages (hypnozoites, schizonts). (NCI04)", "An aminoquinoline that is given by mouth to produce a radical cure and prevent relapse of vivax and ovale malarias following treatment with a blood schizontocide. It has also been used to prevent transmission of falciparum malaria by those returning to areas where there is a potential for re-introduction of malaria. Adverse effects include anemias and GI disturbances. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopeia, 30th ed, p404)"]], ["Probenecid", "CCCN(CCC)S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(C=C1)C(=O)O", ["Probenecid appears as odorless white or almost white crystalline powder. Slightly bitter taste; pleasant aftertaste. (NTP, 1992)", "Probenecid is a sulfonamide in which the nitrogen of 4-sulfamoylbenzoic acid is substituted with two propyl groups. It has a role as a uricosuric drug. It is a sulfonamide and a member of benzoic acids.", "The prototypical uricosuric agent. It inhibits the renal excretion of organic anions and reduces tubular reabsorption of urate. Probenecid has also been used to treat patients with renal impairment, and, because it reduces the renal tubular excretion of other drugs, has been used as an adjunct to antibacterial therapy.", "Probenecid is a uricosuric agent used for the treatment of gout usually in combination with other agents. Probenecid has been associated with minor serum aminotransferase elevations and very rarely with hypersensitivity reactions which, even more rarely, can be accompanied by acute liver injury.", "Probenecid is a benzoic acid derivative with antihyperuricemic property. Probenecid competitively inhibits the active reabsorption of urate at the proximal tubule in the kidney thereby increasing urinary excretion of uric acid and lowering serum urate concentrations. This prevents urate deposition and promotes resolution of existing urate deposits. In addition, probenecid modulates the transport of organic acids and acidic drugs at the proximal and distal renal tubule, thereby increasing the drug serum concentration.", "The prototypical uricosuric agent. It inhibits the renal excretion of organic anions and reduces tubular reabsorption of urate. Probenecid has also been used to treat patients with renal impairment, and, because it reduces the renal tubular excretion of other drugs, has been used as an adjunct to antibacterial therapy."]], ["Probucol", "CC(C)(C)C1=CC(=CC(=C1O)C(C)(C)C)SC(C)(C)SC2=CC(=C(C(=C2)C(C)(C)C)O)C(C)(C)C", ["Probucol is a dithioketal that is propane-2,2-dithiol in which the hydrogens attached to both sulfur atoms are replaced by 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl groups. An anticholesteremic drug with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, it is used to treat high levels of cholesterol in blood. It has a role as an anticholesteremic drug, an antioxidant, an anti-inflammatory drug, a cardiovascular drug and an antilipemic drug. It is a dithioketal and a polyphenol.", "A drug used to lower LDL and HDL cholesterol yet has little effect on serum-triglyceride or VLDL cholesterol. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p993).", "Probucol is a natural product found in Penicillium citrinum with data available.", "Probucol is a bis-phenol antioxidant with antilipidemic activity. Probucol inhibits oxidation of low density lipoprotein and lowers the level of cholesterol in the bloodstream by increasing the rate of LDL catabolism.", "A drug used to lower LDL and HDL cholesterol yet has little effect on serum-triglyceride or VLDL cholesterol. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p993)."]], ["Procainamide", "CCN(CC)CCNC(=O)C1=CC=C(C=C1)N", ["Procainamide is a benzamide that is 4-aminobenzamide substituted on the amide N by a 2-(diethylamino)ethyl group. It is a pharmaceutical antiarrhythmic agent used for the medical treatment of cardiac arrhythmias. It has a role as a sodium channel blocker, an anti-arrhythmia drug and a platelet aggregation inhibitor.", "A derivative of procaine with less CNS action.", "Procainamide is an Antiarrhythmic.", "Procainamide is an oral antiarrhythmic agent that has been in use for more than 60 years. Long term procainamide therapy is known to induce hypersensitivity reactions, autoantibody formation and a lupus-like syndrome but is a rare cause of clinically apparent acute liver injury.", "A class Ia antiarrhythmic drug that is structurally-related to PROCAINE."]], ["Procarbazine", "CC(C)NC(=O)C1=CC=C(C=C1)CNNC", ["Procarbazine is a benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-[(2-methylhydrazino)methyl]benzoic acid with the amino group of isopropylamine. An antineoplastic chemotherapy drug used for treatment of Hodgkin's lymphoma. Metabolism yields azo-procarbazine and hydrogen peroxide, which results in the breaking of DNA strands. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent. It is a member of hydrazines and a member of benzamides. It is a conjugate base of a procarbazine(1+).", "An antineoplastic agent used primarily in combination with mechlorethamine, vincristine, and prednisone (the MOPP protocol) in the treatment of Hodgkin's disease.", "Procarbazine is an Alkylating Drug. The mechanism of action of procarbazine is as an Alkylating Activity.", "Procarbazine is an orally administered alkylating agent used in combination with other antineoplastic agents in the therapy of Hodgkin\u2019s disease and malignant melanoma. Procarbazine therapy has been associated with serum enzyme elevations during therapy and with rare cases of idiosyncratic, clinically apparent acute liver injury.", "Procarbazine is a methylhydrazine derivative with antineoplastic and mutagenic activities. Although the exact mode of cytotoxicity has not been elucidated, procarbazine, after metabolic activation, appears to inhibit the trans-methylation of methionine into transfer RNA (t-RNA), thereby preventing protein synthesis and consequently DNA and RNA synthesis. This agent may also undergo auto-oxidation, resulting in the formation of cytotoxic free radicals which damage DNA through an alkylation reaction.", "Procarbazine is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is an antineoplastic agent used primarily in combination with mechlorethamine, vincristine, and prednisone (the MOPP protocol) in the treatment of Hodgkin's disease. The precise mode of cytotoxic action of procarbazine has not been clearly defined. There is evidence that the drug may act by inhibition of protein, RNA and DNA synthesis. Studies have suggested that procarbazine may inhibit transmethylation of methyl groups of methionine into t-RNA. The absence of functional t-RNA could cause the cessation of protein synthesis and consequently DNA and RNA synthesis. In addition, procarbazine may directly damage DNA. Hydrogen peroxide, formed during the auto-oxidation of the drug, may attack protein sulfhydryl groups contained in residual protein which is tightly bound to DNA.", "An antineoplastic agent used primarily in combination with mechlorethamine, vincristine, and prednisone (the MOPP protocol) in the treatment of Hodgkin's disease."]], ["Pro-Air", "CCC(C(C1=C2C=CC(=O)NC2=C(C=C1)O)O)NC(C)C", ["8-hydroxy-5-[1-hydroxy-2-(propan-2-ylamino)butyl]-1H-quinolin-2-one is a member of quinolines.", "A long-acting beta-2-adrenergic receptor agonist."]], ["Prochlorperazine", "CN1CCN(CC1)CCCN2C3=CC=CC=C3SC4=C2C=C(C=C4)Cl", ["Prochlorperazine is a member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine having a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a 3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl group at the N-10 position. It has a role as an antiemetic, a dopaminergic antagonist, an alpha-adrenergic antagonist, a cholinergic antagonist, a first generation antipsychotic, an EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor and a dopamine receptor D2 antagonist. It is an organochlorine compound, a N-alkylpiperazine, a N-methylpiperazine and a member of phenothiazines. It derives from a hydride of a 10H-phenothiazine.", "Prochlorperazine, also known as compazine, is a piperazine phenothiazine and first-generation antipsychotic drug that is used for the treatment of severe nausea and vomiting, as well as short-term management of psychotic disorders such as generalized non-psychotic anxiety and schizophrenia. It mainly works by depressing the chemoreceptor trigger zone and blocking D2 dopamine receptors in the brain. It was shown to also block histaminergic, cholinergic and noradrenergic receptors. Prochlorperazine was first developed in the 1950s and was first approved by the FDA in 1956. Although newer antiemetic agents such as 5-HT3 antagonists are more heavily promoted, prochlorperazine is still widely used in nausea and vomiting.", "Prochlorperazine is a Phenothiazine.", "Prochlorperazine is a phenothiazine used primarily as an antiemetic agent. In rare instances, prochlorperazine can cause clinically apparent acute and chronic cholestatic liver injury.", "Prochlorperazine is a synthetic propylpiperazine derivative of phenothiazine with antiemetic, antipsychotic, antihistaminic, and anticholinergic activities.  Prochlorperazine antagonizes the dopamine D2-receptor in the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) of the brain and may prevent chemotherapy-induced emesis. (NCI04)", "Prochlorperazine is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a phenothiazine antipsychotic used principally in the treatment of nausea; vomiting; and vertigo. It is more likely than chlorpromazine to cause extrapyramidal disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p612) The mechanism of action of prochlorperazine has not been fully determined, but may be primarily related to its antidopaminergic effects. Prochlorperazine blocks the D2 somatodendritic autoreceptor, resulting in the blockade of postsynaptic dopamine receptors in the mesolimbic system and an increased dopamine turnover. Prochlorperazine also has anti-emetic effects, which can be attributed to dopamine blockade in the chemoreceptor trigger zone. Prochlorperazine also blocks anticholinergic and alpha-adrenergic receptors, the blockade of alpha(1)-adrenergic receptors resulting in sedation, muscle relaxation, and hypotension.", "A phenothiazine antipsychotic used principally in the treatment of NAUSEA; VOMITING; and VERTIGO. It is more likely than CHLORPROMAZINE to cause EXTRAPYRAMIDAL DISORDERS. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p612)"]], ["Procyclidine", "C1CCC(CC1)C(CCN2CCCC2)(C3=CC=CC=C3)O", ["Procyclidine is a tertiary alcohol that consists of propan-1-ol substituted by a cyclohexyl and a phenyl group at position 1 and a pyrrolidin-1-yl group at position 3. It has a role as a muscarinic antagonist, an antiparkinson drug and an antidyskinesia agent. It is a tertiary alcohol and a member of pyrrolidines.", "A muscarinic antagonist that crosses the blood-brain barrier and is used in the treatment of drug-induced extrapyramidal disorders and in parkinsonism.", "Procyclidine is an Anticholinergic. The mechanism of action of procyclidine is as a Cholinergic Antagonist.", "Procyclidine is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a muscarinic antagonist that crosses the blood-brain barrier and is used in the treatment of drug-induced extrapyramidal disorders and in parkinsonism. The mechanism of action is unknown. It is thought that Procyclidine acts by blocking central cholinergic receptors, and thus balancing cholinergic and dopaminergic activity in the basal ganglia. Many of its effects are due to its pharmacologic similarities with atropine. Procyclidine exerts an antispasmodic effect on smooth muscle, and may produce mydriasis and reduction in salivation.", "A muscarinic antagonist that crosses the blood-brain barrier and is used in the treatment of drug-induced extrapyramidal disorders and in parkinsonism."]], ["Proglumide", "CCCN(CCC)C(=O)C(CCC(=O)O)NC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1", ["Proglumide is a racemate composed of equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-proglumide. A non-selective CCK antagonist that was used primarily for treatment of stomach ulcers, but has been replaced by newer drugs. It has a role as a drug metabolite, a xenobiotic metabolite, a cholinergic antagonist, an anti-ulcer drug, a cholecystokinin antagonist, a gastrointestinal drug, a delta-opioid receptor agonist and an opioid analgesic. It contains a (R)-proglumide and a (S)-proglumide.", "Proglumide is antiulceric", "A drug that exerts an inhibitory effect on gastric secretion and reduces gastrointestinal motility. It is used clinically in the drug therapy of gastrointestinal ulcers."]], ["Promazine", "CN(C)CCCN1C2=CC=CC=C2SC3=CC=CC=C31", ["Promazine is a phenothiazine deriative in which the phenothiazine tricycle has a 3-(dimethylaminopropyl) group at the N-10 position. It has a role as a dopaminergic antagonist, a H1-receptor antagonist, a muscarinic antagonist, a serotonergic antagonist, a phenothiazine antipsychotic drug, an antiemetic and an EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor. It is a member of phenothiazines and a tertiary amine.", "A phenothiazine with actions similar to chlorpromazine but with less antipsychotic activity. It is primarily used in short-term treatment of disturbed behavior and as an antiemetic. It is currently not approved for use in the United States.", "Promazine is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a phenothiazine with actions similar to chlorpromazine but with less antipsychotic activity. It is primarily used in short-term treatment of disturbed behavior and as an antiemetic. Promazine is an antagonist at types 1, 2, and 4 dopamine receptors, 5-HT receptor types 2A and 2C, muscarinic receptors 1 through 5, alpha(1)-receptors, and histamine H1-receptors. Promazine's antipsychotic effect is due to antagonism at dopamine and serotonin type 2 receptors, with greater activity at serotonin 5-HT2 receptors than at dopamine type-2 receptors. This may explain the lack of extrapyramidal effects. Promazine does not appear to block dopamine within the tubero-infundibular tract, explaining the lower incidence of hyperprolactinemia than with typical antipsychotic agents or risperidone. Antagonism at muscarinic receptors, H1-receptors, and alpha(1)-receptors also occurs with promazine.", "A phenothiazine with actions similar to CHLORPROMAZINE but with less antipsychotic activity. It is primarily used in short-term treatment of disturbed behavior and as an antiemetic."]], ["Propafenone", "CCCNCC(COC1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)CCC2=CC=CC=C2)O", ["Propafenone is an aromatic ketone that is 3-(propylamino)propane-1,2-diol in which the hydrogen of the primary hydroxy group is replaced by a 2-(3-phenylpropanoyl)phenyl group. It is a class 1C antiarrhythmic drug with local anesthetic effects, and is used as the hydrochloride salt in the management of supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias. It has a role as an anti-arrhythmia drug. It is a secondary amino compound, a secondary alcohol and an aromatic ketone. It is a conjugate base of a propafenone(1+).", "An antiarrhythmia agent that is particularly effective in ventricular arrhythmias. It also has weak beta-blocking activity. The drug is generally well tolerated.", "Propafenone is an Antiarrhythmic.", "Propafenone is an oral antiarrhythmic agent that has been in wide use for several decades. Long term propafenone therapy is associated with a low rate of serum aminotransferase elevations and therapy rarely can cause a self-limited, acute cholestatic liver injury.", "An antiarrhythmia agent that is particularly effective in ventricular arrhythmias. It also has weak beta-blocking activity."]], ["Propantheline", "CC(C)[N+](C)(CCOC(=O)C1C2=CC=CC=C2OC3=CC=CC=C13)C(C)C", ["Propantheline is a member of xanthenes.", "A muscarinic antagonist used as an antispasmodic, in rhinitis, in urinary incontinence, and in the treatment of ulcers. At high doses it has nicotinic effects resulting in neuromuscular blocking.", "Propantheline is an Anticholinergic. The mechanism of action of propantheline is as a Cholinergic Antagonist.", "Propantheline is an anticholinergic agent used to treat gastrointestinal conditions associated with intestinal spasm and to decrease secretions during anesthesia. Propantheline has not been implicated in causing liver enzyme elevations or clinically apparent acute liver injury.", "A muscarinic antagonist used as an antispasmodic, in rhinitis, in urinary incontinence, and in the treatment of ulcers. At high doses it has nicotinic effects resulting in neuromuscular blocking."]], ["Proparacaine", "CCCOC1=C(C=C(C=C1)C(=O)OCCN(CC)CC)N", ["Proparacaine is a benzoate ester.", "Proparacaine is a topical anesthetic drug of the amino ester group. It is found in ophthalmic solutions at a concentration of 0.5% as the hydrochloride salt.", "Proparacaine is a Local Anesthetic. The physiologic effect of proparacaine is by means of Local Anesthesia.", "Proparacaine is a benzoic acid derivative anesthetic agent, with local anesthetic activity. Upon administration, proparacaine stabilizes the neuronal membrane by binding to and inhibiting voltage-gated sodium channels. This inhibits the sodium ion influx required for the initiation and conduction of impulses within the neuronal cell, increases the threshold for electrical stimulation and results in a loss of sensation.", "Proparacaine is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a topical anesthetic drug of the amino ester group. It is available as its hydrochloride salt in ophthalmic solutions at a concentration of 0.5%. [Wikipedia]The exact mechanism whereby proparacaine and other local anesthetics influence the permeability of the cell membrane is unknown; however, several studies indicate that local anesthetics may limit sodium ion permeability through the lipid layer of the nerve cell membrane. Proparacaine may alter epithelial sodium channels through interaction with channel protein residues. This limitation prevents the fundamental change necessary for the generation of the action potential."]], ["Propiomazine", "CCC(=O)C1=CC2=C(C=C1)SC3=CC=CC=C3N2CC(C)N(C)C", ["Propiomazine is a member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine substituted by a 2-(dimethylamino)propyl group at nitrogen atom and a propanoyl group at position 2. It has a role as a phenothiazine antipsychotic drug, a dopaminergic antagonist, a serotonergic antagonist, a muscarinic antagonist, a histamine antagonist and a sedative. It is a member of phenothiazines, an aromatic ketone and a tertiary amino compound. It derives from a hydride of a 10H-phenothiazine.", "Propiomazine, an atypical antipsychotic agent, is used to treat both negative and positive symptoms of schizophrenia, acute mania with bipolar disorder, agitation, and psychotic symptoms in dementia. Future uses may include the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder and severe behavioral disorders in autism. Structurally and pharmacologically similar to clozapine, propiomazine binds to alpha(1), dopamine, histamine H1, muscarinic, and serotonin type 2 (5-HT2) receptors.", "Propiomazine is a phenothiazine derivative and atypical antipsychotic agent with sedative, antiemetic and antipsychotic activities. Propiomazine binds to a variety of receptors, including alpha1, dopamine, histamine H1, muscarinic, and serotonin type 2 (5-HT2) receptors. Propiomazine exerts its antiemetic and sedative effects through antagonism at histamine H1 receptors; Its antipsychotic effect is attributed to antagonistic activities at dopamine and 5-HT2 receptors.", "Propiomazine, an atypical antipsychotic agent, is used to treat both negative and positive symptoms of schizophrenia, acute mania with bipolar disorder, agitation, and psychotic symptoms in dementia. Future uses may include the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder and severe behavioral disorders in autism. Structurally and pharmacologically similar to clozapine, propiomazine binds to alpha(1), dopamine, histamine H1, muscarinic, and serotonin type 2 (5-HT2) receptors."]], ["Propiverine", "CCCOC(C1=CC=CC=C1)(C2=CC=CC=C2)C(=O)OC3CCN(CC3)C", ["Propiverine is a diarylmethane.", "Propiverine is a widely used antimuscarinic drug with a mixed mode of action in the treatment of symptoms associated with overactive bladder (OAB).  Overactive bladder (OAB) is a chronic condition of the lower urinary tract characterized by urinary urgency, increased frequency of urination, and nocturia (frequent waking during the night to urinate). OAB has a negative impact on quality of life and may lead to leakage and inconvenient urinary accidents,. Overactive bladder syndrome affects millions of elderly individuals in the United States and shows equal prevalence in men and women. The impact of OAB on quality of life is sometimes devastating, especially to elderly patients with other medical conditions.  Propiverine hydrochloride is a bladder detrusor muscle relaxant drug with dual antimuscarinic and calcium-modulating properties for the treatment of OAB."]], ["Propofol", "CC(C)C1=C(C(=CC=C1)C(C)C)O", ["Propofol is a phenol resulting from the formal substitution of the hydrogen at the 2 position of 1,3-diisopropylbenzene by a hydroxy group. It has a role as an intravenous anaesthetic, a sedative, a radical scavenger, an antiemetic and an anticonvulsant.", "Propofol is an intravenous anaesthetic agent used for induction and maintenance of general anaesthesia. IV administration of propfol is used to induce unconsciousness after which anaesthesia may be maintained using a combination of medications. Recovery from propofol-induced anaesthesia is generally rapid and associated with less frequent side effects (e.g. drowsiness, nausea, vomiting) than with thiopental, methohexital, and etomidate. Propofol may be used prior to diagnostic procedures requiring anaesthesia, in the management of refractory status epilepticus, and for induction and/or maintenance of anaesthesia prior to and during surgeries.", "Propofol is a General Anesthetic. The physiologic effect of propofol is by means of General Anesthesia.", "Propofol is the mostly commonly used parenteral anesthetic agent in the United States, extensively used for minor and outpatient surgical procedures because of its rapid onset and reversal of action, and in intensive care units (ICUs) for maintenance of coma. Propofol has been associated with rare instances of idiosyncratic acute liver injury; in addition, prolonged high dose propofol therapy can cause the \u201cPropofol infusion syndrome\u201d which is marked by bradyarrhythmias, metabolic acidosis, rhabdomyolysis, hyperlipidemia and an enlarged or fatty liver.", "Propofol is a hypnotic alkylphenol derivative. Formulated for intravenous induction of sedation and hypnosis during anesthesia, propofol facilitates inhibitory neurotransmission mediated by gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). This agent is associated with minimal respiratory depression and has a short half-life with a duration of action of 2 to 10 minutes.", "Propofol is an intravenous anaesthetic agent used for induction and maintenance of general anaesthesia. IV administration of propfol is used to induce unconsciousness after which anaesthesia may be maintained using a combination of medications. Recovery from propofol-induced anaesthesia is generally rapid and associated with less frequent side effects (e.g. drowsiness, nausea, vomiting) than with thiopental, methohexital, and etomidate. Propofol may be used prior to diagnostic procedures requiring anaesthesia, in the management of refractory status epilepticus, and for induction and/or maintenance of anaesthesia prior to and during surgeries.", "An intravenous anesthetic agent which has the advantage of a very rapid onset after infusion or bolus injection plus a very short recovery period of a couple of minutes. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, 1st ed, p206). Propofol has been used as ANTICONVULSANTS and ANTIEMETICS."]], ["Propranolol", "CC(C)NCC(COC1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21)O", ["Propranolol is a propanolamine that is propan-2-ol substituted by a propan-2-ylamino group at position 1 and a naphthalen-1-yloxy group at position 3. It has a role as a beta-adrenergic antagonist, an anxiolytic drug, an anti-arrhythmia drug, a vasodilator agent, an antihypertensive agent, a xenobiotic, an environmental contaminant and a human blood serum metabolite. It is a secondary amine, a propanolamine and a member of naphthalenes. It is functionally related to a 1-naphthol.", "Propranolol is a racemic mixture of 2 enantiomers where the S(-)-enantiomer has approximately 100 times the binding affinity for beta adrenergic receptors. Propranolol is used to treat a number of conditions but most commonly is used for hypertension.   Propranolol was granted FDA approval on 13 November 1967.", "Propranolol is a beta-Adrenergic Blocker. The mechanism of action of propranolol is as an Adrenergic beta-Antagonist.", "Propranolol is a nonselective beta-adrenergic receptor blocker (beta-blocker) that is widely used for the therapy of hypertension, cardiac arrhythmias, angina pectoris and hyperthyroidism. Propranolol has yet to be convincingly associated with clinically apparent liver injury and is often used in patients with liver disease and cirrhosis.", "Propranolol is a natural product found in Asimina triloba with data available.", "Propranolol is a synthetic, nonselective beta-adrenergic receptor blocker with antianginal, antiarrhythmic, antihypertensive properties. Propranolol competitively antagonizes beta-adrenergic receptors, thereby causing negative chronotropic and inotropic effects leading to a reduction in cardiac output.", "A widely used non-cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist. Propranolol has been used for MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; ARRHYTHMIA; ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTHYROIDISM; MIGRAINE; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; and ANXIETY but adverse effects instigate replacement by newer drugs."]], ["Propyliodone", "CCCOC(=O)CN1C=C(C(=O)C(=C1)I)I", ["Propyliodone is an organic molecular entity.", "Radiopaque medium usually in oil; used in bronchography.", "Radiopaque medium usually in oil; used in bronchography."]], ["Protokylol", "CC(CC1=CC2=C(C=C1)OCO2)NCC(C3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)O)O", ["Protokylol is a member of benzodioxoles.", "Protokylol is a \u03b2-adrenergic receptor agonist used as a bronchodilator in Europe and the United States."]], ["Protriptyline", "CNCCCC1C2=CC=CC=C2C=CC3=CC=CC=C13", ["Protriptyline is a carbotricyclic compound. It has a role as an antidepressant. It derives from a hydride of a dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene.", "Protriptyline hydrochloride is a dibenzocycloheptene-derivative tricyclic antidepressant (TCA). TCAs are structurally similar to phenothiazines. They contain a tricyclic ring system with an alkyl amine substituent on the central ring. In non-depressed individuals, protriptyline does not affect mood or arousal, but may cause sedation. In depressed individuals, protriptyline exerts a positive effect on mood. TCAs are potent inhibitors of serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake. In addition, TCAs down-regulate cerebral cortical \u03b2-adrenergic receptors and sensitize post-synaptic serotonergic receptors with chronic use. The antidepressant effects of TCAs are thought to be due to an overall increase in serotonergic neurotransmission. TCAs also block histamine H1 receptors, alpha1-adrenergic receptors and muscarinic receptors, which accounts for their sedative, hypotensive and anticholinergic effects (e.g. blurred vision, dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention), respectively. See toxicity section below for a complete listing of side effects. Protriptyline may be used for the treatment of depression.", "Protriptyline is a Tricyclic Antidepressant.", "Protriptyline is a tricyclic antidepressant that was previously widely used in the therapy of major depression. Most of the tricyclic antidepressants have been shown to cause a low rate of mild and transient serum enzyme elevations and rare cases of clinically apparent acute cholestatic liver injury. The potential hepatotoxicity specifically of protriptyline, however, has not been well defined.", "Protriptyline hydrochloride is a dibenzocycloheptene-derivative tricyclic antidepressant (TCA). TCAs are structurally similar to phenothiazines. They contain a tricyclic ring system with an alkyl amine substituent on the central ring. In non-depressed individuals, protriptyline does not affect mood or arousal, but may cause sedation. In depressed individuals, protriptyline exerts a positive effect on mood. TCAs are potent inhibitors of serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake. In addition, TCAs down-regulate cerebral cortical &beta;-adrenergic receptors and sensitize post-synaptic serotonergic receptors with chronic use. The antidepressant effects of TCAs are thought to be due to an overall increase in serotonergic neurotransmission. TCAs also block histamine H<sub>1</sub> receptors, &alpha;<sub>1</sub>-adrenergic receptors and muscarinic receptors, which accounts for their sedative, hypotensive and anticholinergic effects (e.g. blurred vision, dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention), respectively. See toxicity section below for a complete listing of side effects. Protriptyline may be used for the treatment of depression. ", "Tricyclic antidepressant similar in action and side effects to IMIPRAMINE. It may produce excitation."]], ["Pyridostigmine", "C[N+]1=CC=CC(=C1)OC(=O)N(C)C", ["Pyridostigmine is a pyridinium ion.", "Pyridostigmine is a drug that has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat a condition called myasthenia gravis and to reverse the effects of muscle relaxants. In addition, pyridostigmine has been used in the military as a pretreatment for exposure to the chemical nerve agent Soman. It is also being studied as an investigational drug to treat HIV infection.", "Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disease involving dysfunction at the neuromuscular junction, most commonly due to autoantibodies directed against the acetylcholine receptor (AChR), which results in muscle tone loss, muscle weakness, and fatigue. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors have been the symptomatic treatment of choice in myasthenia gravis since the 1930s with the early use of [physostigmine] and [neostigmine]. By inhibiting the breakdown of acetylcholine in the neuromuscular junction, they increase signalling and relieve symptoms. Pyridostigmine is the current drug of choice, with superior pharmacokinetics and reduced side effects compared to [neostigmine]. In addition to treating myasthenia gravis, pyridostigmine is used to reverse neuromuscular blocks, relieve symptoms in congenital myasthenic syndromes, and protect against certain nerve agents, notably during the Gulf War.  Pyridostigmine was granted initial FDA approval on April 6, 1955, as an oral tablet. Possible dose forms have been expanded to include extended-release tablets, syrups, and injections, marketed under various brand and generic names.", "Pyridostigmine is a Cholinesterase Inhibitor. The mechanism of action of pyridostigmine is as a Cholinesterase Inhibitor.", "Pyridostigmine is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a cholinesterase inhibitor with a slightly longer duration of action than neostigmine. It is used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis and to reverse the actions of muscle relaxants. Pyridostigmine inhibits acetylcholinesterase in the synaptic cleft by competing with acetylcholine for attachment to acetylcholinesterase, thus slowing down the hydrolysis of acetylcholine, and thereby increases efficiency of cholinergic transmission in the neuromuscular junction and prolonges the effects of acetylcholine.", "A cholinesterase inhibitor with a slightly longer duration of action than NEOSTIGMINE. It is used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis and to reverse the actions of muscle relaxants."]], ["Mepyramine", "CN(C)CCN(CC1=CC=C(C=C1)OC)C2=CC=CC=N2", ["Pyrilamine is a viscous brown liquid. (NTP, 1992)", "Mepyramine is an ethylenediamine derivative that is ethylenediamine in which one of the amino nitrogens is substituted by two methyl groups and the remaining amino nitrogen is substituted by a 4-methoxybenzyl and a pyridin-2-yl group. It has a role as a H1-receptor antagonist. It is an ethylenediamine derivative and an aromatic ether.", "Mepyramine, or pyrilamine, targets the H1 receptor. It is a first generation antihistamine. However, it rapidly permeates the brain and so often causes drowsiness as a side effect. It has been found in over-the-counter combination products for colds and menstrual symptoms, but is considered to be an unapproved prescription medication used for cough, cold, or allergic conditions.", "A histamine H1 antagonist. It has mild hypnotic properties and some local anesthetic action and is used for allergies (including skin eruptions) both parenterally and locally. It is a common ingredient of cold remedies."]], ["Pyrimethamine", "CCC1=C(C(=NC(=N1)N)N)C2=CC=C(C=C2)Cl", ["Pyrimethamine is an odorless white crystalline powder. Tasteless. An antimalarial drug.", "Pyrimethamine is an aminopyrimidine that is pyrimidine-2,4-diamine which is substituted at position 5 by a p-chlorophenyl group and at position 6 by an ethyl group. It is a folic acid antagonist used as an antimalarial or with a sulfonamide to treat toxoplasmosis. It has a role as an antimalarial, an EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor and an antiprotozoal drug. It is an aminopyrimidine and a member of monochlorobenzenes.", "Pyrimethamine is an antiparasitic prescription medicine approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of Toxoplasma gondiiinfection (toxoplasmosis). Pyrimethamine is usually used together with a sulfonamide (sulfa medicine) to treat toxoplasmosis.", "One of the folic acid antagonists that is used as an antimalarial or with a sulfonamide to treat toxoplasmosis.", "Pyrimethamine is a Dihydrofolate Reductase Inhibitor Antimalarial. The mechanism of action of pyrimethamine is as a Dihydrofolate Reductase Inhibitor.", "Pyrimethamine is a natural product found in Acronychia pubescens with data available.", "Pyrimethamine is a synthetic derivative of ethyl-pyrimidine with potent antimalarial properties.  Pyrimethamine is a competitive inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR).  DHFR is a key enzyme in the redox cycle for production of tetrahydrofolate, a cofactor that is required for the synthesis of DNA and proteins.  This agent is often used in combination with other antimalarials for the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria. (NCI04)", "One of the folic acid antagonists that is used as an antimalarial or with a sulfonamide to treat toxoplasmosis. ", "One of the FOLIC ACID ANTAGONISTS that is used as an antimalarial or with a sulfonamide to treat toxoplasmosis."]], ["Quazepam", "C1C(=S)N(C2=C(C=C(C=C2)Cl)C(=N1)C3=CC=CC=C3F)CC(F)(F)F", ["Quazepam is a benzodiazepine.", "Quazepam is a drug which is a benzodiazepine derivative. It induces impairment of motor function and has hypnotic properties. Quazepam is used to treat insomnia.", "Quazepam is a Benzodiazepine.", "Quazepam is an orally available benzodiazepine used to treat insomnia. As with most benzodiazepines, quazepam therapy has not been associated with serum aminotransferase or alkaline phosphatase elevations, and clinically apparent liver injury from quazepam has not been reported and must be very rare, if it occurs at all.", "Quazepam is a synthetic benzodiazepine derivative with anxiolytic, sedative and hypnotic properties. Quazepam and its major metabolite 2-oxoquazepam potentiate gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) activity by binding to the benzodiazepine-1 recognition site (BZ-1) within the GABA-A receptor, located in the limbic, neocortical and mesencephalic reticular system. This increases the frequency of GABA-activated chloride channel opening events, allowing the flow of chloride ions into the neuron leading to membrane hyperpolarization and decreased neuronal excitability.", "Quazepam is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a drug which is a benzodiazepine derivative. It induces impairment of motor function and has hypnotic properties. Quazepam is used to treat insomnia.Benzodiazepines bind nonspecifically to benzodiazepine receptors, which affects muscle relaxation, anticonvulsant activity, motor coordination, and memory. As benzodiazepine receptors are thought to be coupled to gamma-aminobutyric acid-A (GABA<sub>A</sub>) receptors, this enhances the effects of GABA by increasing GABA affinity for the GABA receptor. Binding of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA to the site opens the chloride channel, resulting in a hyperpolarized cell membrane that prevents further excitation of the cell."]], ["Rabeprazole", "CC1=C(C=CN=C1CS(=O)C2=NC3=CC=CC=C3N2)OCCCOC", ["Rabeprazole is a member of benzimidazoles, a sulfoxide and a member of pyridines. It has a role as an EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor and an anti-ulcer drug. It is a conjugate acid of a rabeprazole(1-).", "Rabeprazole is an antiulcer drug in the class of proton pump inhibitors. It is a prodrug - in the acid environment of the parietal cells it turns into active sulphenamide form. Rabeprazole inhibits the H+, K+ATPase of the coating gastric cells and dose-dependent oppresses basal and stimulated gastric acid secretion.", "Rabeprazole is a Proton Pump Inhibitor. The mechanism of action of rabeprazole is as a Proton Pump Inhibitor.", "Rabeprazole is a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) and a potent inhibitor of gastric acidity used in the therapy of gastroesophageal reflux and peptic ulcer disease. Rabeprazole therapy is associated with a low rate of transient and asymptomatic serum aminotransferase elevations and is a rare cause of clinically apparent liver injury.", "Rabeprazole is an alpha-pyridylmethylsulfinyl benzimidazole and a selective and irreversible proton pump inhibitor with antisecretory property. Rabeprazole enters the parietal cell and accumulates in the acidic secretory canaliculi where the agent is activated by a proton-catalyzed process that results in the formation of a thiophilic sulfonamide or sulfenic acid. The activated rabeprazole forms covalent bonds with the sulfhydryl amino acids cysteine on the extracellular domain of the proton pump (H+/K+ ATPase) at the secretory surface, thereby inhibiting the transport of hydrogen ions, via exchange with potassium ions, into the gastric lumen. Binding to cysteine 813, in particular, is essential for inhibition of gastric acid production.", "A 4-(3-methoxypropoxy)-3-methylpyridinyl derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS."]], ["Racephedrine", "CC(C(C1=CC=CC=C1)O)NC", ["Racephedrine is a natural product found in Ephedra distachya with data available."]], ["Ranitidine", "CNC(=C[N+](=O)[O-])NCCSCC1=CC=C(O1)CN(C)C", ["Ranitidine is a commonly used drug, classified as a histamine H2-receptor antagonist, and belongs to the same drug class as [cimetidine] and [famotidine]. This drug helps to prevent and treat gastric-acid associated conditions, including ulcers, because of its ability to decrease gastric acid secretion. Ranitidine is often referred to as Zantac, and is available in various forms, including tablet, injection, and effervescent tablet preparations.  The prevalence of GERD is thought to be 10-20% in western countries. Ranitidine has proven to be an effective treatment for relieving uncomfortable symptoms of gastric acid associated conditions and is therefore widely used in GERD and other gastric-acid related conditions.", "Ranitidine is a Histamine-2 Receptor Antagonist. The mechanism of action of ranitidine is as a Histamine H2 Receptor Antagonist.", "Ranitidine is a member of the class of histamine H2-receptor antagonists with antacid activity. Ranitidine is a competitive and reversible inhibitor of the action of histamine, released by enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cells, at the histamine H2-receptors on parietal cells in the stomach, thereby inhibiting the normal and meal-stimulated secretion of stomach acid. In addition, other substances that promote acid secretion have a reduced effect on parietal cells when the H2 receptors are blocked.", "A non-imidazole blocker of those histamine receptors that mediate gastric secretion (H2 receptors). It is used to treat gastrointestinal ulcers."]], ["Isoreserpin", "COC1C(CC2CN3CCC4=C(C3CC2C1C(=O)OC)NC5=C4C=CC(=C5)OC)OC(=O)C6=CC(=C(C(=C6)OC)OC)OC", ["6,18-dimethoxy-17-[oxo-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)methoxy]-1,3,11,12,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21-dodecahydroyohimban-19-carboxylic acid methyl ester is a yohimban alkaloid.", "An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria. Reserpine inhibits the uptake of norepinephrine into storage vesicles resulting in depletion of catecholamines and serotonin from central and peripheral axon terminals. It has been used as an antihypertensive and an antipsychotic as well as a research tool, but its adverse effects limit its clinical use."]], ["1-[3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide", "C1=NC(=NN1C2C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)C(=O)N", ["1-[3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-oxolanyl]-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide is a nucleobase-containing molecular entity.", "A nucleoside antimetabolite antiviral agent that blocks nucleic acid synthesis and is used against both RNA and DNA viruses."]], ["Riboflavine tetrabutyrate", "CCCC(=O)OCC(C(C(CN1C2=C(C=C(C(=C2)C)C)N=C3C1=NC(=O)NC3=O)OC(=O)CCC)OC(=O)CCC)OC(=O)CCC", ["Riboflavine 2',3',4',5'-tetrabutanoate is a flavin."]], ["Riluzole", "C1=CC2=C(C=C1OC(F)(F)F)SC(=N2)N", ["Riluzole is a member of benzothiazoles.", "A glutamate antagonist (receptors, glutamate) used as an anticonvulsant (anticonvulsants) and to prolong the survival of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Riluzole is marketed as Rilutek by Sanofi.", "BF-37 for the treatment of atopic dermatitis and/or psoriasis. The active ingredient in BF-37 is Riluzole, applied in a topical formulation, which is believed to correct the imbalances of the immune system that cause atopic dermatitis or psoriasis.", "Riluzole is a Benzothiazole.", "Riluzole is a neuroprotective agent used for therapy of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Riluzole is associated with a low rate of serum aminotransferase elevations during therapy and has been linked to rare instances of clinically apparent, acute liver injury.", "Riluzole is a benzothiazole derivative with neuroprotective and potential anti-depressant and anxiolytic activities. While the mechanism of action of riluzole is unknown, its pharmacological activities in motor neurons include the following, some of which may be related to its effect: 1) an inhibitory effect on glutamate release, 2) inactivation of voltage-dependent sodium channels, and 3) interference with intracellular events that follow transmitter binding at excitatory amino acid receptors. In animal models, this agent has been shown to exhibit myorelaxant and sedative activities, apparently due to the blockade of glutamatergic neurotransmission.", "Riluzole is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a glutamate antagonist (receptors, glutamate) used as an anticonvulsant (anticonvulsants) and to prolong the survival of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. [PubChem]The mode of action of riluzole is unknown. Its pharmacological properties include the following, some of which may be related to its effect: 1) an inhibitory effect on glutamate release (activation of glutamate reuptake), 2) inactivation of voltage-dependent sodium channels, and 3) ability to interfere with intracellular events that follow transmitter binding at excitatory amino acid receptors.", "A glutamate antagonist (RECEPTORS, GLUTAMATE) used as an anticonvulsant (ANTICONVULSANTS) and to prolong the survival of patients with AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS."]], ["Rimantadine", "CC(C12CC3CC(C1)CC(C3)C2)N", ["1-(1-adamantyl)ethanamine is an alkylamine.", "An RNA synthesis inhibitor that is used as an antiviral agent in the prophylaxis and treatment of influenza.", "Rimantadine is an Influenza A M2 Protein Inhibitor. The mechanism of action of rimantadine is as a M2 Protein Inhibitor.", "Rimantadine is an antiviral agent used as therapy for influenza A. Rimantadine has not been associated with clinically apparent liver injury.", "Rimantadine is a cyclic amine and alpha-methyl derivative of amantadine with antiviral activity. Although the exact mechanism of action of rimantadine is not understood, this agent appears to exert its antiviral effect against influenza A virus by interfering with the function of the transmembrane domain of the viral M2 protein, thereby preventing the uncoating of the virus and subsequent release of infectious viral nucleic acids into the cytoplasm of infected cells.", "An RNA synthesis inhibitor that is used as an antiviral agent in the prophylaxis and treatment of influenza."]], ["Exelon", "CCN(C)C(=O)OC1=CC=CC(=C1)C(C)N(C)C", ["A carbamate-derived reversible CHOLINESTERASE INHIBITOR that is selective for the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM and is used for the treatment of DEMENTIA in ALZHEIMER DISEASE and PARKINSON DISEASE."]], ["Labiatenic acid pound>>(R)-rosmarinic acid pound>>Rosemary acid", "C1=CC(=C(C=C1CC(C(=O)O)OC(=O)C=CC2=CC(=C(C=C2)O)O)O)O", ["Labiatenic acid is a natural product found in Helicteres isora, Cordia sinensis, and other organisms with data available."]], ["Roxatidine acetate", "CC(=O)OCC(=O)NCCCOC1=CC=CC(=C1)CN2CCCCC2", ["Roxane is a member of piperidines.", "Roxatidine acetate is a specific and competitive H2 receptor antagonist. It is currently approved in South Africa under the tradename Roxit."]], ["Salmeterol", "C1=CC=C(C=C1)CCCCOCCCCCCNCC(C2=CC(=C(C=C2)O)CO)O", ["2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-(1-hydroxy-2-{[6-(4-phenylbutoxy)hexyl]amino}ethyl)phenol is a phenol having a hydroxymethyl group at C-2 and a 1-hydroxy-2-{[6-(4-phenylbutoxy)hexyl]amino}ethyl group at C-4; derivative of phenylethanolamine. It is a member of phenols, an ether, a secondary alcohol, a primary alcohol and a secondary amino compound. It is functionally related to a phenylethanolamine.", "Salmeterol is a long-acting beta-2 adrenergic receptor agonist drug that is currently prescribed for the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease COPD. It has a longer duration of action than the short-acting beta-2 adrenergic receptor agonist, [salbutamol]. Salmeterol was first described in the literature in 1988. Salmeterol's structure is similar to salbutamol's with an aralkyloxy-alkyl substitution on the amine.  Salmeterol was granted FDA approval on 4 February 1994.", "Salmeterol is a beta2-Adrenergic Agonist. The mechanism of action of salmeterol is as an Adrenergic beta2-Agonist.", "Salmeterol is a highly selective, long-acting beta-2 adrenergic agonist with bronchodilatory activity. Salmeterol's benzene moiety resembles the structure of catecholamines, and occupies the active site of beta-2 adrenergic receptor, while the long, lipophilic side chain of salmeterol, binds to the so called 'exosite' near the beta-2 adrenergic receptors. The binding at the exosite allows the active portion of the molecule to remain at the receptor site and continually engage and disengage with the receptor, therefore providing a long duration of action. This agent stimulates intracellular adenyl cyclase to catalyze the conversion of adenosine triphosphate to cyclic-3',5'-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). Increased cAMP levels result in relaxation of bronchiolar smooth muscle, bronchodilation and increased bronchial airflow.", "Salmeterol is a long-acting beta2-adrenergic receptor agonist drug that is currently prescribed for the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease COPD.", "A selective ADRENERGIC BETA-2 RECEPTOR agonist that functions as a BRONCHODILATOR when administered by inhalation. It is used to manage the symptoms of ASTHMA and CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE."]], ["Sarpogrelate", "CN(C)CC(COC1=CC=CC=C1CCC2=CC(=CC=C2)OC)OC(=O)CCC(=O)O", ["Sarpogrelate is a stilbenoid and a hemisuccinate.", "Sarpogrelate has been investigated for the treatment of Diabetes Mellitus, Diabetic Nephropathy, Coronary Artery Disease, and Renal Insufficiency, Chronic."]], ["Deprenyl", "CC(CC1=CC=CC=C1)N(C)CC#C", ["Selegiline is a phenethylamine alkaloid, a tertiary amine and a terminal acetylenic compound. It is a conjugate base of a selegiline(1+).", "A selective, irreversible inhibitor of Type B monoamine oxidase. It is used in newly diagnosed patients with Parkinson's disease. It may slow progression of the clinical disease and delay the requirement for levodopa therapy. It also may be given with levodopa upon onset of disability. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p385) The compound without isomeric designation is Deprenyl. [PubChem]", "A selective, irreversible inhibitor of Type B monoamine oxidase that is used for the treatment of newly diagnosed patients with PARKINSON DISEASE, and for the treatment of depressive disorders. The compound without isomeric designation is Deprenyl."]], ["Serotonin", "C1=CC2=C(C=C1O)C(=CN2)CCN", ["Serotonin is a primary amino compound that is the 5-hydroxy derivative of tryptamine. It has a role as a human metabolite, a mouse metabolite and a neurotransmitter. It is a monoamine molecular messenger, a primary amino compound, a member of phenols, a member of hydroxyindoles and a member of tryptamines. It is functionally related to a tryptamine. It is a conjugate base of a serotonin(1+).", "For temporary relief of nervousness, anxiety, mood swings, joint pains, weakness, drowsiness, itching and lethargy. Not evaluated by the FDA, homeopathic product.", "Serotonin is a natural product found in Mus musculus, Panaeolus antillarum, and other organisms with data available.", "A biochemical messenger and regulator, synthesized from the essential amino acid L-TRYPTOPHAN. In humans it is found primarily in the central nervous system, gastrointestinal tract, and blood platelets. Serotonin mediates several important physiological functions including neurotransmission, gastrointestinal motility, hemostasis, and cardiovascular integrity. Multiple receptor families (RECEPTORS, SEROTONIN) explain the broad physiological actions and distribution of this biochemical mediator."]], ["Setiptiline", "CN1CCC2=C(C1)C3=CC=CC=C3CC4=CC=CC=C24", ["Setiptiline is a tetracyclic antidepressant that is 2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-dibenzo[3,4:6,7]cyclohepta[1,2-c]pyridine carrying a methyl group at position 2. Its maleate salt is used for the treatment of depression in Japan. It has a role as an alpha-adrenergic antagonist and a serotonergic antagonist. It is a tetracyclic antidepressant and a tertiary amino compound. It is a conjugate base of a setiptiline(1+).", "Setiptiline is a tetracyclic antidepressant (TeCA) which acts as a noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressant (NaSSA). In Japan, the company Mochida started its commercialization for the treatment of depression started in 1989."]], ["Sibutramine", "CC(C)CC(C1(CCC1)C2=CC=C(C=C2)Cl)N(C)C", ["Sibutramine is an organochlorine compound and a tertiary amino compound. It has a role as an anti-obesity agent and a serotonin uptake inhibitor.", "Sibutramine (trade name Meridia in the USA, Reductil in Europe and other countries), usually as sibutramide hydrochloride monohydrate, is an orally administered agent for the treatment of obesity. It is a centrally acting stimulant chemically related to amphetamines thus it is classified as a Schedule IV controlled substance in the United States. In October 2010, Sibutramine was withdrawn from Canadian and U.S. markets due to concerns that the drug increases the risk of heart attack and stroke in patients with a history of heart disease.", "Sibutramine is a Norepinephrine, Serotonin, and Dopamine Reuptake Inhibitor Anorectic. The mechanism of action of sibutramine is as a Dopamine Uptake Inhibitor, and Norepinephrine Uptake Inhibitor, and Serotonin Uptake Inhibitor. The physiologic effect of sibutramine is by means of Appetite Suppression.", "Sibutramine is a serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor which has been used for short- and long-term therapy of obesity, but which was withdrawn from use in the United States in 2010 because of increased risk of cardiovascular events. In large clinical trials, sibutramine therapy was not associated with serum enzyme elevations, and it has only rarely been implicated in cases of clinically apparent, acute liver injury.", "Sibutramine (trade name Meridia in the USA, Reductil in Europe and other countries), usually as sibutramide hydrochloride monohydrate, is an orally administered agent for the treatment of obesity. It is a centrally acting stimulant chemically related to amphetamines. Sibutramine is classified as a Schedule IV controlled substance in the United States. In October 2010, Sibutramine was withdrawn from Canadian and U.S. markets due to concerns that the drug increases the risk of heart attack and stroke in patients with a history of heart disease."]], ["Sulfadiazine", "C1=CN=C(N=C1)NS(=O)(=O)C2=CC=C(C=C2)N", ["Sulfadiazine is a sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine with a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position. It has a role as an antimicrobial agent, an antiinfective agent, a coccidiostat, an antiprotozoal drug, an EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor, an EC 1.1.1.153 [sepiapterin reductase (L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin forming)] inhibitor, a xenobiotic, an environmental contaminant and a drug allergen. It is a member of pyrimidines, a sulfonamide, a substituted aniline and a sulfonamide antibiotic. It is functionally related to a sulfanilamide. It is a conjugate acid of a sulfadiazinate.", "Sulfadiazine is an antibacterial prescription medicine approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the prevention and treatment of certain types of bacterial infections, including the treatment of chancroid, Toxoplasma gondii encephalitis, urinary tract infections, and other infections.", "One of the short-acting sulfonamides used in combination with pyrimethamine to treat toxoplasmosis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and in newborns with congenital infections.", "Sulfadiazine is a Sulfonamide Antibacterial.", "Sulfadiazine is a sulfonamide antibacterial agent used in the therapy of mild-to-moderate infections due to sensitive organisms. Sulfadiazine, like other sulfonamides, is a well known cause of clinically apparent, idiosyncratic liver injury.", "Sulfadiazine is a natural product found in Apis cerana with data available.", "Sulfadiazine is a synthetic pyrimidinyl sulfonamide derivative, short-acting bacteriostatic Sulfadiazine inhibits bacterial folic acid synthesis by competing with para amino benzoic acid. It is used in combination with pyrimethamine to treat toxoplasmosis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and in newborns with congenital infections. (NCI04)", "One of the short-acting SULFONAMIDES used in combination with PYRIMETHAMINE to treat toxoplasmosis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and in newborns with congenital infections."]], ["Sodium Chloride", "[Na+].[Cl-]", ["Sodium chloride is an inorganic chloride salt having sodium(1+) as the counterion. It has a role as an emetic and a flame retardant. It is an inorganic chloride and an inorganic sodium salt.", "Sodium chloride, also known as salt, common salt, table salt or halite, is an ionic compound with the chemical formula NaCl, representing a 1:1 ratio of sodium and chloride ions. Sodium chloride is the primary salt in seawater and in the extracellular fluid of many multicellular organisms. It is listed on the World Health Organization Model List of Essential Medicines.", "Sea salt is the salt obtained from the evaporation of seawater or water from saltwater lakes. Sea salt production is subject to little processing which leaves certain trace minerals and elements behind. In comparison, table salt is mined from underground sedimentary deposits and is more heavily processed to eliminate minerals. Unlike sea salt, table salt usually contains an additive to prevent clumping and involves addition of iodine. Sea salt is a food ingredient and is often colored by adding charcoal or red clay to sometimes be referred to as \u201cHawaiian Sea Salt.\u201d", "Sodium Chloride is a metal halide composed of sodium and chloride with sodium and chloride replacement capabilities. When depleted in the body, sodium must be replaced in order to maintain intracellular osmolarity, nerve conduction, muscle contraction and normal renal function.", "Saline is a solution of salt and water. Saline usually refers to normal or physiological saline, which is an aqueous solution containing 0.9% sodium chloride.", "Salt is an ionic compound that results from the neutralization of an acid and a base.", "Halite is a mineral with formula of NaCl. The IMA symbol is Hl.", "Sodium chloride or table salt is a mineral substance belonging to the larger class of compounds called ionic salts. Salt in its natural form is known as rock salt or halite. Salt is present in vast quantities in the ocean, which has about 35 grams of sodium chloride per litre, corresponding to a salinity of 3.5%. Salt is essential for animal life, and saltiness is one of the basic human tastes. The tissues of animals contain larger quantities of salt than do plant tissues. Salt is one of the oldest and most ubiquitous of food seasonings, and salting is an important method of food preservation. Salt is produced from salt mines or by the evaporation of seawater or mineral-rich spring water in shallow pools. Salt is used in many industrial processes and in the manufacture of polyvinyl chloride, plastics, paper pulp and many other consumer products. Of the global annual production of around 200,000,000 tonnes of salt, only 6% is used for human consumption. Other uses include water conditioning, highway de-icing and various agricultural applications. For humans, salt is a major source of sodium. Sodium is essential to life: it helps nerves and muscles to function correctly, and it is one of the factors involved in the regulation of water content.", "A ubiquitous sodium salt that is commonly used to season food.", "See also: Halite (related); Saline (related)."]], ["Sodium Iodide", "[Na+].[I-]", ["Sodium iodide is a metal iodide salt with a Na(+) counterion. It is an inorganic sodium salt and an iodide salt.", "Sodium iodide is a water-soluble ionic compound with a crystal lattice. Sodium iodide is a source of iodine and can be administered as a supplement for total parenteral nutrition but is more commonly used in veterinary medicine. Radiolabelled compound, [DB09293], is used as a diagnostic tool to evaluate thyroid function and morphology.", "A compound forming white, odorless deliquescent crystals and used as iodine supplement, expectorant or in its radioactive (I-131) form as an diagnostic aid, particularly for thyroid function tests."]], ["Picosulfuric acid", "C1=CC=NC(=C1)C(C2=CC=C(C=C2)OS(=O)(=O)O)C3=CC=C(C=C3)OS(=O)(=O)O", ["Picosulfuric acid is found in laxative products. Sodium picosulfate is a used to treat constipation or induce colon cleansing to prepare the large bowels before colonoscopy or surgery. The combination product containing sodium picosulfate and magnesium citrate was introduced to the Canadian market in 2005 and has been used in European countries for many years."]], ["Sotalol", "CC(C)NCC(C1=CC=C(C=C1)NS(=O)(=O)C)O", ["Sotalol is a sulfonamide that is N-phenylmethanesulfonamide in which the phenyl group is substituted at position 4 by a 1-hydroxy-2-(isopropylamino)ethyl group. It has both beta-adrenoreceptor blocking (Vaughan Williams Class II) and cardiac action potential duration prolongation (Vaughan Williams Class III) antiarrhythmic properties. It is used (usually as the hydrochloride salt) for the management of ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias. It has a role as a beta-adrenergic antagonist, an anti-arrhythmia drug, an environmental contaminant and a xenobiotic. It is a member of ethanolamines, a secondary amino compound, a secondary alcohol and a sulfonamide. It is a conjugate base of a sotalol(1+).", "Sotalol is a methanesulfonanilide developed in 1960. It was the first of the class III anti arrhythmic drugs. Sotalol was first approved as an oral tablet on 30 October 1992. A racemic mixture of sotalol is currently formulated as a tablet, oral solution, and intravenous injection indicated for life threatening ventricular arrhythmias and maintaining normal sinus rhythm in atrial fibrillation or flutter.", "Sotalol is an Antiarrhythmic. The mechanism of action of sotalol is as an Adrenergic beta-Antagonist. The physiologic effect of sotalol is by means of Cardiac Rhythm Alteration.", "Sotalol is a nonselective beta-adrenergic blocker used largely in the therapy cardiac arrhythmias. Sotalol has been linked to at least one instance of clinically apparent liver injury.", "Sotalol is an ethanolamine derivative with Class III antiarrhythmic and antihypertensive properties. Sotalol is a nonselective beta-adrenergic receptor and potassium channel antagonist. In the heart, this agent inhibits chronotropic and inotropic effects thereby slowing the heart rate and decreasing myocardial contractility. This agent also reduces sinus rate, slows conduction in the atria and in the atrioventricular (AV) node and increases the functional refractory period of the AV node.", "An adrenergic beta-antagonist that is used in the treatment of life-threatening arrhythmias."]], ["Sodium phenylbutyrate", "C1=CC=C(C=C1)CCCC(=O)[O-].[Na+]", ["Sodium phenylbutyrate is the organic sodium salt of 4-phenylbutyric acid. A prodrug for phenylacetate, it is used to treat urea cycle disorders. It has a role as a prodrug, an EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor, a neuroprotective agent, an orphan drug and a geroprotector. It contains a 4-phenylbutyrate."]], ["Duraspiron", "CC(=O)SC1CC2=CC(=O)CCC2(C3C1C4CCC5(C4(CC3)C)CCC(=O)O5)C", ["Ethanethioic acid S-(10,13-dimethyl-3,5'-dioxo-7-spiro[2,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16-decahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-17,2'-oxolane]yl) ester is a steroid lactone.", "A potassium sparing diuretic that acts by antagonism of aldosterone in the distal renal tubules. It is used mainly in the treatment of refractory edema in patients with congestive heart failure, nephrotic syndrome, or hepatic cirrhosis. Its effects on the endocrine system are utilized in the treatments of hirsutism and acne but they can lead to adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p827)"]], ["Imatinib", "CC1=C(C=C(C=C1)NC(=O)C2=CC=C(C=C2)CN3CCN(CC3)C)NC4=NC=CC(=N4)C5=CN=CC=C5", ["Imatinib is a benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-[(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl]benzoic acid with the primary aromatic amino group of 4-methyl-N(3)-[4-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl]benzene-1,3-diamine. Used (as its mesylate salt) for treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia and gastrointestinal stromal tumours. It has a role as an apoptosis inducer, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor and an antineoplastic agent. It is a N-methylpiperazine, a member of pyridines, a member of benzamides, an aromatic amine and a member of pyrimidines. It is functionally related to a benzamide.", "Imatinib is a small molecule kinase inhibitor that revolutionized the treatment of cancer, particularly chronic myeloid leukemia, in 2001. It was deemed a \"miracle drug\" due to its clinical success, as oncologist Dr. Brian noted that \"complete hematologic responses were observed in 53 of 54 patients with CML treated with a daily dosage of 300 mg or more and typically occurred in the first four weeks of therapy\".. The discovery of imatinib also established a new group of therapy called \"targeted therapy\", since treatment can be tailored specifically to the unique cancer genetics of each patient.", "Imatinib is a Kinase Inhibitor. The mechanism of action of imatinib is as a Bcr-Abl Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor, and Cytochrome P450 3A4 Inhibitor, and Cytochrome P450 2D6 Inhibitor.", "Imatinib is specific tyrosine kinase receptor inhibitor that is used in the therapy of Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia and gastrointestinal stromal tumors, both of which are marked by an abnormal, constitutively expressed tyrosine kinase that causes unregulated cell growth. Imatinib therapy is associated with transient elevations in serum aminotransferase levels and rare instances of clinically apparent acute liver injury which can be severe and sometimes fatal.", "Imatinib is an antineoplastic agent that inhibits the Bcr-Abl fusion protein tyrosine kinase, an abnormal enzyme produced by chronic myeloid leukemia cells that contain the Philadelphia chromosome.  Imatinib also inhibits the receptor tyrosine kinases for platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and stem cell factor (SCF)/c-kit; the SCF/c-kit receptor tyrosine kinase is activated in gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST).  This agent inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in cells that overexpress these oncoproteins.", "A tyrosine kinase inhibitor and ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT that inhibits the BCR-ABL kinase created by chromosome rearrangements in CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA and ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA, as well as PDG-derived tyrosine kinases that are overexpressed in gastrointestinal stromal tumors.", "See also: Imatinib Mesylate (has salt form)."]], ["Strept-omycin", "CC1C(C(C(O1)OC2C(C(C(C(C2O)O)N=C(N)N)O)N=C(N)N)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)NC)(C=O)O", ["Strept-omycin is a natural product found in Streptomyces griseus with data available."]], ["Streptozoticin", "CN(C(=O)NC(C=O)C(C(C(CO)O)O)O)N=O", ["An antibiotic that is produced by Stretomyces achromogenes. It is used as an antineoplastic agent and to induce diabetes in experimental animals."]], ["Succinylcholine", "C[N+](C)(C)CCOC(=O)CCC(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["Succinylcholine is a quaternary ammonium ion that is the bis-choline ester of succinic acid. It has a role as a neuromuscular agent, a muscle relaxant and a drug allergen. It is a quaternary ammonium ion and a succinate ester.", "Succinylcholine is a depolarizing skeletal muscle relaxant consisting of two molecules of the endogenous neurotransmitter [acetylcholine] (ACh) linked by their acetyl groups. It has been widely used for over 50 years, most commonly in its chloride salt form, as a means of neuromuscular blockade during intubation and surgical procedures. Its rapid onset and offset, with effects beginning within 60 seconds of intravenous administration and lasting between four to six minutes, make succinylcholine particularly useful in the setting of short medical procedures requiring brief periods of muscle relaxation.", "Succinylcholine is a Depolarizing Neuromuscular Blocker. The physiologic effect of succinylcholine is by means of Neuromuscular Depolarizing Blockade.", "Succinylcholine is a quaternary ammonium compound and depolarizing agent with short-term muscle relaxant properties. Succinylcholine binds to nicotinic receptors at the neuromuscular junction and opening the ligand-gated channels in the same way as acetylcholine, resulting in depolarization and inhibition of neuromuscular transmission. Depolarization may be prolonged due to succinylcholine's resistance to acetylcholinesterases thereby leading to disorganized muscle contraction followed by skeletal muscle relaxation and flaccid paralysis.", "A quaternary skeletal muscle relaxant usually used in the form of its bromide, chloride, or iodide. It is a depolarizing relaxant, acting in about 30 seconds and with a duration of effect averaging three to five minutes. Succinylcholine is used in surgical, anesthetic, and other procedures in which a brief period of muscle relaxation is called for."]], ["Sulconazole", "C1=CC(=CC=C1CSC(CN2C=CN=C2)C3=C(C=C(C=C3)Cl)Cl)Cl", ["1-{2-[(4-chlorobenzyl)sulfanyl]-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl}-1H-imidazole is a member of the class of imidazoles that is 1-ethyl-1H-imidazole in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group is replaced by a (4-chlorobenzyl)sulfanediyl group while a second is replaced by a 2,4-dichlorophenyl group. It is a member of imidazoles, an organic sulfide, a dichlorobenzene and a member of monochlorobenzenes.", "Sulconazole, brand name Exelderm, is a broad-spectrum anti-fungal agent available as a topical cream and solution. Sulconazole nitrate, the active ingredient, is an imidazole derivative that inhibits the growth of common pathogenic dermatophytes making it an effective treatment for tinea cruris and tinea corporis infections.", "Sulconazole is an Azole Antifungal.", "Sulconazole is a topical imidazole derivative with broad-spectrum antifungal and antibacterial activity. Sulconazole is excreted in both the feces and urine."]], ["Sulfacytine", "CCN1C=CC(=NC1=O)NS(=O)(=O)C2=CC=C(C=C2)N", ["Sulfacytine is a member of benzenes and a sulfonamide.", "Sulfacytine is a short-acting sulfonamide. The sulfonamides are synthetic bacteriostatic antibiotics with a wide spectrum against most gram-positive and many gram-negative organisms. However, many strains of an individual species may be resistant. Sulfonamides inhibit multiplication of bacteria by acting as competitive inhibitors of p-aminobenzoic acid in the folic acid metabolism cycle. Bacterial sensitivity is the same for the various sulfonamides, and resistance to one sulfonamide indicates resistance to all. Most sulfonamides are readily absorbed orally. However, parenteral administration is difficult, since the soluble sulfonamide salts are highly alkaline and irritating to the tissues. The sulfonamides are widely distributed throughout all tissues. High levels are achieved in pleural, peritoneal, synovial, and ocular fluids. Although these drugs are no longer used to treat meningitis, CSF levels are high in meningeal infections.  Sulfacytine is a competitive inhibitor of the enzyme dihydropteroate synthetase. It inhibits bacterial synthesis of of dihydrofolic acid by preventing the condensation of the pteridine with para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA), a substrate of the enzyme dihydropteroate synthetase. The inhibited reaction is necessary in these organisms for the synthesis of folic acid.", "Sulfacytine is a short-acting, broad-spectrum sulfonamide and a synthetic analog of para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) with bacteriostatic property. Sulfacytine competes with PABA for the bacterial enzyme dihydropteroate synthase, thereby preventing the incorporation of PABA into dihydrofolic acid, the immediate precursor of folic acid. This leads to an inhibition of bacterial folic acid synthesis and de novo synthesis of purines and pyrimidines, ultimately resulting in cell growth arrest and cell death."]], ["Sulfadimethoxine", "COC1=NC(=NC(=C1)NS(=O)(=O)C2=CC=C(C=C2)N)OC", ["Sulfadimethoxine is a sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine having methoxy substituents at the 2- and 6-positions and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 4-position. It has a role as an antiinfective agent, an antimicrobial agent, a xenobiotic, an environmental contaminant and a drug allergen. It is a member of pyrimidines, a sulfonamide, a substituted aniline, an aromatic ether and a sulfonamide antibiotic. It is functionally related to a sulfanilamide.", "Sulfadimethoxine is a sulfonamide antibiotic. Sulfadimethoxine is used to treat many infections, including treatment of respiratory, urinary tract, enteric, and soft tissue infections. It is most frequently used in veterinary medicine, although it is approved in some countries for use in humans. Sulfadimethoxine inhibits bacterial synthesis of folic acid (pteroylglutamic acid) from para-aminobenzoic acid. Sulfadimethoxine is approved in Russia for use in humans, including children, and has been successfully used there for more than 35 years. It is widely available in Russia as an over-the-counter drug manufactured by a number of Russian pharmaceutical companies.  In the US, sulfadimethoxine is one of the products that have been withdrawn or removed from the market after being found to be unsafe or not effective.", "Sulfadimethoxine is a natural product found in Brassica napus with data available.", "Sulfadimethoxine is a long-acting sulfonamide antibiotic used in veterinary medicine. Sulfadimethoxine inhibits bacterial synthesis of folic acid by competing with para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) for the binding site on dihydropteroate synthase.", "A sulfanilamide that is used as an anti-infective agent."]], ["Sulfameter", "COC1=CN=C(N=C1)NS(=O)(=O)C2=CC=C(C=C2)N", ["Sulfamethoxydiazine is a sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine having a methoxy substituent at the 5-position and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position. It has a role as an antiinfective agent, a renal agent and a leprostatic drug. It is a member of pyrimidines, a sulfonamide and a sulfonamide antibiotic. It is functionally related to a sulfanilamide.", "Long acting sulfonamide used in leprosy, urinary, and respiratory tract infections.", "Sulfameter is a long-acting sulfonamide antibacterial agent used to treat urinary tract infections and leprosy.", "Long acting sulfonamide used in leprosy, urinary, and respiratory tract infections."]], ["Sulfamethazine", "CC1=CC(=NC(=N1)NS(=O)(=O)C2=CC=C(C=C2)N)C", ["Sulfamethazine appears as odorless sticky, white or creamy-white crystalline powder. Slightly bitter taste. An antibacterial.", "Sulfamethazine is a sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine with methyl substituents at the 4- and 6-positions and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position. It has a role as an antiinfective agent, a carcinogenic agent, a ligand, an antibacterial drug, an antimicrobial agent, an EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor, an environmental contaminant, a xenobiotic and a drug allergen. It is a member of pyrimidines, a sulfonamide and a sulfonamide antibiotic. It is functionally related to a sulfanilamide.", "A sulfanilamide anti-infective agent. It has a spectrum of antimicrobial action similar to other sulfonamides.", "Sulfamethazine is a natural product found in Euglena gracilis with data available.", "Sulfamethazine is a sulfonamide antibiotic used in the lifestock industry.", "A sulfanilamide anti-infective agent. It has a spectrum of antimicrobial action similar to other sulfonamides."]], ["Sulfaphenazole", "C1=CC=C(C=C1)N2C(=CC=N2)NS(=O)(=O)C3=CC=C(C=C3)N", ["Sulfaphenazole is a sulfonamide that is sulfanilamide in which the sulfonamide nitrogen is substituted by a 1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl group. It is a selective inhibitor of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C9 isozyme, and antibacterial agent. It has a role as an antibacterial drug, an EC 1.14.13.181 (13-deoxydaunorubicin hydroxylase) inhibitor, an EC 1.14.13.67 (quinine 3-monooxygenase) inhibitor and a P450 inhibitor. It is a substituted aniline, a sulfonamide, a member of pyrazoles, a primary amino compound and a sulfonamide antibiotic.", "Sulfaphenazole is a sulfonamide antibacterial.", "Sulfaphenazole is a long-acting sulfonamide antibiotic used in the treatment of leprosy.", "A sulfonilamide anti-infective agent."]], ["Sulfathiazole", "C1=CC(=CC=C1N)S(=O)(=O)NC2=NC=CS2", ["Sulfathiazole is a white crystalline powder. Is dimorphous: form I is consists of prismatic rods and form II of six-sided plates and prisms. Insoluble in water and soluble in dil aqueous acid and aqueous base.", "Sulfathiazole is a 1,3-thiazole compound having a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position. It has a role as an antiinfective agent, an environmental contaminant, a xenobiotic, an EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor and a drug allergen. It is a member of 1,3-thiazoles, a sulfonamide, a substituted aniline and a sulfonamide antibiotic. It is functionally related to a sulfanilamide.", "Sulfathiazole is a short-acting sulfa drug. It used to be a common oral and topical antimicrobial until less toxic alternatives were discovered. It is still occasionally used, sometimes in combination with sulfabenzamide and sulfacetamide.  Except for those formulated for vaginal use, the FDA withdrew its approval for the use of all drug products containing sulfathiazole.", "Sulfathiazole is a short-acting sulfonamide antibiotic. Its use has been largely replaced with less toxic alternatives but is still used in combination with sulfacetamide and sulfabenzamide for the treatment of vaginal infections and for disinfecting home aquariums.", "A sulfathiazole compound that is used as a short-acting anti-infective agent. It is no longer commonly used systemically due to its toxicity, but may still be applied topically in combination with other drugs for the treatment of vaginal and skin infections, and is still used in veterinary medicine.", "See also: Formosulfathiazole (monomer of)."]], ["Sulfoxone", "C1=CC(=CC=C1NCS(=O)O)S(=O)(=O)C2=CC=C(C=C2)NCS(=O)O", ["Aldesulfone is a sulfonamide.", "Sulfoxone is a water-soluble sulfone used as an antileprosy drug. It has been used with limited success in the treatment of dermatitis herpetiformis.", "Sulfoxone is a water-soluble sulfonamide antibiotic used in the treatment of leprosy."]], ["Sulpiride", "CCN1CCCC1CNC(=O)C2=C(C=CC(=C2)S(=O)(=O)N)OC", ["Sulpiride is a member of the class of benzamides obtained from formal condensation between the carboxy group of 2-methoxy-5-sulfamoylbenzoic acid and the primary amino group of (1-ethylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methylamine. It has a role as an antidepressant, an antiemetic, an antipsychotic agent and a dopaminergic antagonist. It is a N-alkylpyrrolidine, a sulfonamide and a member of benzamides.", "Sulpiride first appeared in published literature in 1967. Clinical studies show a greater effect on treating the negative symptoms of schizophrenia rather than positive symptoms at low doses, though the effects are more equal at higher doses.  Sulpiride is not approved by the FDA, Health Canada, or the EMA; though it is approved in individual European countries.", "A dopamine D2-receptor antagonist. It has been used therapeutically as an antidepressant, antipsychotic, and as a digestive aid. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)"]], ["Sultiame", "C1CCS(=O)(=O)N(C1)C2=CC=C(C=C2)S(=O)(=O)N", ["Sultiame is an organic molecular entity."]], ["Sultopride", "CCN1CCCC1CNC(=O)C2=C(C=CC(=C2)S(=O)(=O)CC)OC", ["Sultopride is a member of salicylamides.", "Sultopride is used in Japan, Hong Kong, and Europe to treat schizophrenia. It is of the drug class atypical antipsychotics.", "A benzamide derivative that is used as an antipsychotic agent for the treatment of schizophrenia. It is also used as an antidepressive agent."]], ["Sumatriptan", "CNS(=O)(=O)CC1=CC2=C(C=C1)NC=C2CCN(C)C", ["Sumatriptan is a sulfonamide that consists of N,N-dimethyltryptamine bearing an additional (N-methylsulfamoyl)methyl substituent at position 5. Selective agonist for a vascular 5-HT1 receptor subtype (probably a member of the 5-HT1D family). Used (in the form of its succinate salt) for the acute treatment of migraine with or without aura in adults. It has a role as a serotonergic agonist and a vasoconstrictor agent. It is a sulfonamide and a member of tryptamines. It is functionally related to a N,N-dimethyltryptamine. It is a conjugate acid of a sumatriptan(1+).", "Sumatriptan is a serotonin receptor agonist commonly used to treat migraines and sometimes cluster headaches. Sumatriptan is the first of the triptans and was made available in Europe in 1991 to treat migraines. Sumatriptan was granted FDA approval on 28 December 1992.", "Sumatriptan is a Serotonin-1b and Serotonin-1d Receptor Agonist. The mechanism of action of sumatriptan is as a Serotonin 1b Receptor Agonist, and Serotonin 1d Receptor Agonist.", "Sumatriptan is a sulfonamide triptan with vasoconstrictor activity. Sumatriptan selectively binds to and activates serotonin 5-HT1D receptors in the central nervous system (CNS), thereby constricting cerebral blood vessels. This may lead to a relief in pain from vascular headaches. Sumatriptan may also relieve vascular headaches by decreasing the release of vasoactive neuropeptides from perivascular trigeminal axons in the dura mater during a migraine, by reducing extravasation of plasma proteins, and by decreasing the release of other mediators of inflammation from the trigeminal nerve.", "Oftentimes, serotonin levels in the brain become extremely erratic before the onset of a migraine. In an attempt to stabilize this, sumatriptan is administered to help aid in leveling the serotonin levels in the brain. Sumatriptan is structurally similar to serotonin, and is a 5-HT (5-HT1D) agonist, which is one of the receptors that serotonin binds to. The specific receptor subtype it activates is present in the cranial and basilar arteries. Activation of these receptors causes vasoconstriction of those dilated arteries. Sumatriptan is also shown to decrease the activity of the trigeminal nerve. Sumatriptan is a triptan drug including a sulfonamide group structurally similar to serotonin, and is a 5-HT (5-HT1D) agonist, which is one of the receptors that serotonin binds to. Oftentimes, serotonin levels in the brain become extremely erratic before the onset of a migraine. In an attempt to stabilize this, sumatriptan is administered to help aid in leveling the serotonin levels in the brain. A serotonin agonist that acts selectively at 5HT1 receptors. It is used in the treatment of migraines. Sumatriptan (Imitrex, Imigran, Imigran Recovery) is a triptan drug including a sulfonamide group which was originally developed by Glaxo for the treatment of migraine headaches.", "A serotonin agonist that acts selectively at 5HT1 receptors. It is used in the treatment of MIGRAINE DISORDERS."]], ["Suprofen", "CC(C1=CC=C(C=C1)C(=O)C2=CC=CS2)C(=O)O", ["Suprofen is an aromatic ketone that is thiophene substituted at C-2 by a 4-(1-carboxyethyl)benzoyl group. It has a role as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, a non-narcotic analgesic, an EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor, an antirheumatic drug, a peripheral nervous system drug and a drug allergen. It is a member of thiophenes, a monocarboxylic acid and an aromatic ketone.", "An ibuprofen-type anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic. It inhibits prostaglandin synthesis and has been proposed as an anti-arthritic. It is no longer approved for use in the United States.", "An IBUPROFEN-type anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic. It inhibits prostaglandin synthesis and has been proposed as an anti-arthritic."]], ["Suramin", "CC1=C(C=C(C=C1)C(=O)NC2=C3C(=CC(=CC3=C(C=C2)S(=O)(=O)O)S(=O)(=O)O)S(=O)(=O)O)NC(=O)C4=CC(=CC=C4)NC(=O)NC5=CC=CC(=C5)C(=O)NC6=C(C=CC(=C6)C(=O)NC7=C8C(=CC(=CC8=C(C=C7)S(=O)(=O)O)S(=O)(=O)O)S(=O)(=O)O)C", ["Suramin is a member of the class of phenylureas that is urea in which each of the amino groups has been substituted by a 3-({2-methyl-5-[(4,6,8-trisulfo-1-naphthyl)carbamoyl]phenyl}carbamoyl)phenyl group. An activator of both the rabbit skeletal muscle RyR1 and sheep cardiac RyR2 isoform ryanodine receptor channels, it has been used for the treatment of human African trypanosomiasis for over 100 years. It has a role as a ryanodine receptor agonist, a GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist, a GABA antagonist, an apoptosis inhibitor, an antineoplastic agent, an angiogenesis inhibitor, a purinergic receptor P2 antagonist, an EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor, an antinematodal drug and a trypanocidal drug. It is a member of phenylureas, a secondary carboxamide and a naphthalenesulfonic acid. It is functionally related to a naphthalene-1,3,5-trisulfonic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a suramin(6-).", "A polyanionic compound with an unknown mechanism of action. It is used parenterally in the treatment of African trypanosomiasis and it has been used clinically with diethylcarbamazine to kill the adult Onchocerca. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1643) It has also been shown to have potent antineoplastic properties. Suramin is manufactured by Bayer in Germany as Germanin\u00ae.", "Suramin is a polysulphonated naphthylurea with potential antineoplastic activity.  Suramin blocks the binding of various growth factors, including insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), epidermal growth factor (EGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), and tumor growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), to their receptors, thereby inhibiting endothelial cell proliferation and migration.  This agent also inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)- and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)-induced angiogenesis; retroviral reverse transcriptase; uncoupling of G-proteins from receptors; topoisomerases; cellular folate transport; and steroidogenesis. (NCI04)", "A polyanionic compound with an unknown mechanism of action. It is used parenterally in the treatment of African trypanosomiasis and it has been used clinically with diethylcarbamazine to kill the adult Onchocerca. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1643) It has also been shown to have potent antineoplastic properties."]], ["6-[2-(Diethylamino)ethylsulfonyl]-21-hydroxy-11,19-dimethyl-10-propan-2-yl-9,26-dioxa-3,15,28-triazatricyclo[23.2.1.03,7]octacosa-1(27),12,17,19,25(28)-pentaene-2,8,14,23-tetrone", "CCN(CC)CCS(=O)(=O)C1CCN2C1C(=O)OC(C(C=CC(=O)NCC=CC(=CC(CC(=O)CC3=NC(=CO3)C2=O)O)C)C)C(C)C", ["Dalfopristin is a semi-synthetic derivative of streptogramin A produced by streptomycetes. Dalfopristin inhibits the early phase of protein synthesis in the bacterial ribosome by binding to the 70S subunit, and also alters the configuration of the ribosome to make it more susceptible for streptogramin B binding. Dalfopristin is used in combination with quinopristin, a streptogramin B derivative. This combination is active against most gram-positive organisms, including Enterococcus faecium, and is also active against some gram-negative organisms and mycoplasma."]], ["Triaconazole", "CC(C)N1CCN(CC1)C2=CC=C(C=C2)OCC3COC(O3)(CN4C=NC=N4)C5=C(C=C(C=C5)Cl)Cl", ["1-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)-4-isopropylpiperazine is a dioxolane that is 1,3-dioxolane which is substituted at positions 2, 2, and 4 by 2,4-dichlorophenyl, 1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl, and [4-(4-isopropylpiperazin-1-yl)phenoxy]methyl groups, respectively. It is a N-alkylpiperazine, a N-arylpiperazine, an aromatic ether, a dioxolane, a member of triazoles, a cyclic ketal and a dichlorobenzene."]], ["Terfenadine", "CC(C)(C)C1=CC=C(C=C1)C(CCCN2CCC(CC2)C(C3=CC=CC=C3)(C4=CC=CC=C4)O)O", ["Terfenadine is a diarylmethane.", "In the U.S., Terfenadine was superseded by fexofenadine in the 1990s due to the risk of cardiac arrhythmia caused by QT interval prolongation.", "Terfenadine is a prodrug that is metabolized by intestinal CYP3A4 to the active form fexofenadine, a selective histamine H1-receptor antagonist with antihistaminic and non-sedative effects. Terfenadine's active metabolite competitively binds peripheral H1-receptors, thereby stabilizing an inactive conformation of the receptor. Consequently, usual allergic responses as a result of mast-cell degranulation followed by the release of multiple inflammatory mediators, such as interleukins, prostaglandins, and leukotriene precursors, are blocked, thereby preventing the triggering of pro-inflammatory pathways.", "Terfenadine is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. In the U.S., Terfenadine was superseded by fexofenadine in the 1990s due to the risk of cardiac arrhythmia caused by QT interval prolongation.Terfenadine competes with histamine for binding at H1-receptor sites in the GI tract, uterus, large blood vessels, and bronchial muscle. This reversible binding of terfenadine to H1-receptors suppresses the formation of edema, flare, and pruritus resulting from histaminic activity. As the drug does not readily cross the blood-brain barrier, CNS depression is minimal.", "A selective histamine H1-receptor antagonist devoid of central nervous system depressant activity. The drug was used for ALLERGY but withdrawn due to causing LONG QT SYNDROME."]], ["17-Hydroxyandrost-4-en-3-one", "CC12CCC3C(C1CCC2O)CCC4=CC(=O)CCC34C", ["17-hydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-1,2,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one is a 3-hydroxy steroid. It has a role as an androgen.", "17-Hydroxyandrost-4-en-3-one is a natural product found in Punica granatum with data available.", "An ester of TESTOSTERONE with a propionate substitution at the 17-beta position."]], ["Tetraethylammonium", "CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC", ["Tetraethylammonium is a quaternary ammonium ion.", "Tetraethylammonium is an experimental drug with no approved indication or marketed formulation. The only marketed drug containing tetraethylammonium was a combination drug called Fosglutamina B6, but this drug has now been discontinued. As an experimental agent, tetraethylammonium is used in its salt forms such as tetraethylammonium chloride and tetraethylammonium bromide. Its mechanism of action is still being investigated, but it is known that tetraethylammonium blocks autonomic ganglia, calcium- and voltage- activated potassium channels, and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Because of its inhibitory actions at the autonomic ganglia, tetraethylammonium was thought to be a potential therapeutic vasodilator but serious toxic effects were found. The most common use of tetraethylammonium presently is as a pharmacological research agent that blocks selective potassium channels. Structurally, tetraethylammonium is positively charged due to its central quaternary ammonium.", "Tetraethylammonium is a natural product found in Allium sativum with data available.", "A potassium-selective ion channel blocker. (From J Gen Phys 1994;104(1):173-90)"]], ["Tetrahydrozoline", "C1CC(C2=CC=CC=C2C1)C3=NCCN3", ["Tetryzoline is a member of imidazolines and a carboxamidine. It has a role as a sympathomimetic agent and a nasal decongestant. It is a conjugate base of a tetryzoline(1+).", "Tetryzoline, also known as tetrahydrozoline, is a derivative of imidazoline with central and peripheral alpha (\u03b1)-adrenergic properties. Available since the 1950s, tetryzoline is a selective \u03b11-receptor agonist that is used as an ocular and nasal decongestant. Tetryzoline is found in a wide array of over-the-counter eye drops, including the most common brand, Visine. Tetryzoline is also found in combination products with other lubricants and anti-irritants, such as [povidone], [polyethylene glycol 400], [dextran], and [zinc sulfate]. It is also used in combination with other drug classes, such as antihistamines, corticosteroids, and glucocorticoids in other countries. Tetryzoline is also found in nasal spray under the trade name Tyzine, which is used for decongestion of nasal and nasopharyngeal mucosa.  As it causes profound sedation in children and adults, tetryzoline is increasingly becoming scrutinized for possible drug overdose and toxicity from accidental ingestion. It has also been misused for non-therapeutic purposes as a causative drug for several cases of drug-facilitated sexual assault.", "Tetrahydrozoline is an imidazole derivative with sympathomimetic activity. Applied locally to the eye or nose, tetrahydrozoline binds to and activates alpha-adrenergic receptors, resulting in vasoconstriction and decreased nasal and ophthalmic congestion."]], ["Racefenicol", "CS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(C=C1)C(C(CO)NC(=O)C(Cl)Cl)O", ["A methylsulfonyl analog of CHLORAMPHENICOL. It is an antibiotic and immunosuppressive agent."]], ["Thiothixene", "CN1CCN(CC1)CCC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3SC4=C2C=C(C=C4)S(=O)(=O)N(C)C", ["Thiothixene is a thioxanthene derivative and a dopamine antagonist with antipsychotic property. Thiothixene blocks postsynaptic dopamine receptors in the mesolimbic system and medullary chemoreceptor trigger zone, thereby decreasing dopamine activity leading to decreased stimulation of the vomiting center and psychotic effects, such as hallucinations and delusions. In addition, this agent blocks the D2 somatodendritic autoreceptor, thereby increasing dopamine turnover. Thiothixene possesses weak affinity for the histamine H1 and alpha-adrenergic receptors.", "A thioxanthine used as an antipsychotic agent. Its effects are similar to the phenothiazine antipsychotics."]], ["Thonzonium", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)CCN(CC1=CC=C(C=C1)OC)C2=NC=CC=N2", ["Hexadecyl-[2-[(4-methoxyphenyl)methyl-(2-pyrimidinyl)amino]ethyl]-dimethylammonium is a member of methoxybenzenes.", "Thonzonium is a monocationic surface-active agent with surfactant and detergent properties. It is widely used as an additive to in ear and nasal drops to enhance dispersion and penetration of cellular debris and exudate, thereby promoting tissue contact of the administered medication. A common pharmaceutical formulation of thonzonium bromide is cortisporin-TC ear drops. It is also reported that thonzonium also confers an antifungal property and antiresorptive effect on bone."]], ["Thonzylamine", "CN(C)CCN(CC1=CC=C(C=C1)OC)C2=NC=CC=N2", ["Thonzylamine appears as an oily liquid. Used (in the form of the hydrochloride) as an antihistamine.", "N'-[(4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-N,N-dimethyl-N'-(2-pyrimidinyl)ethane-1,2-diamine is a member of methoxybenzenes.", "Thonzylamine is an antihistamine and anticholinergic drug. It is available as combination products with [DB04837] or [DB00388] for temporary relief of symptoms of common cold, hay fever (allergic rhinitis) or other upper respiratory allergies."]], ["Tiapride", "CCN(CC)CCNC(=O)C1=C(C=CC(=C1)S(=O)(=O)C)OC", ["N-[2-(diethylamino)ethyl]-2-methoxy-5-methylsulfonylbenzamide is a member of benzamides.", "Tiapride is a selective D2 and D3 dopamine receptor blocker in the brain.", "A benzamide derivative that is used as a dopamine antagonist."]], ["Ticlopidine", "C1CN(CC2=C1SC=C2)CC3=CC=CC=C3Cl", ["Ticlopidine is a thienopyridine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an o-chlorobenzyl group. It has a role as a fibrin modulating drug, a hematologic agent, an anticoagulant, a platelet aggregation inhibitor and a P2Y12 receptor antagonist. It is a thienopyridine and a member of monochlorobenzenes.", "Ticlopidine is an effective inhibitor of platelet aggregation. It is a prodrug that is metabolised to an active form, which blocks the ADP receptor that is involved in GPIIb/IIIa receptor activation leading to platelet aggregation. Ticlopidine is marketed under the brand name Ticlid and is indicated for patients who cannot take aspirin or in whom aspirin has not worked to prevent a thrombotic stroke. The FDA label includes a black-box warning of neutropenia, aplastic anemia, thrombotic thrombocytopenia purpura, and agranulocytosis, so it is necessary to monitor patients' WBC and platelets when they are taking ticlopidine.", "Ticlopidine is a Platelet Aggregation Inhibitor. The physiologic effect of ticlopidine is by means of Decreased Platelet Aggregation.", "Ticlopidine is an inhibitor of platelet aggregation that is used to decrease the risk of stroke in patients known to have atherosclerosis. Ticlopidine is associated with a low rate of serum enzyme elevations during treatment and has been linked to rare instances of idiosyncratic, clinically apparent acute liver injury.", "Ticlopidine is a thienopyridine derivative with anticoagulant activity. Ticlopidine inhibits adenosine-diphosphate (ADP) binding to its platelet receptor. This prevents ADP activation and inhibits platelet expression of the glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIA receptors, binding of fibrinogen to platelet glycoprotein GP IIb-IIIa and platelet-platelet interaction. This results in increased bleeding time.", "An effective inhibitor of platelet aggregation commonly used in the placement of STENTS in CORONARY ARTERIES."]], ["1-(Tert-butylamino)-3-{[4-(morpholin-4-yl)-1,2,5-thiadiazol-3-yl]oxy}propan-2-ol", "CC(C)(C)NCC(COC1=NSN=C1N2CCOCC2)O", ["Timolol is 1,2,5-Thiadiazole substituted at the 3 position by a 3-(tert-butylamino)-2-hydroxypropoxy group and at the 4 position by a morpholin-4-yl group. The (S)-(-) enantiomer, also known as timolol, is a beta-adrenergic antagonist and is used in the mangement of glaucoma, hypertension, angina pectoris and myocardial infarction, and for the prevention of migraine. It is a member of thiadiazoles and a member of morpholines. It derives from a hydride of a 1,2,5-thiadiazole."]], ["Tinidazole", "CCS(=O)(=O)CCN1C(=NC=C1[N+](=O)[O-])C", ["Tinidazole is 1H-imidazole substituted at C-1 by a (2-ethylsulfonyl)ethyl group, at C-2 by a methyl group and at C-5 by a nitro group. It is used as an antiprotozoal, antibacterial agent. It has a role as an antiprotozoal drug, an antibacterial drug, an antiparasitic agent and an antiamoebic agent.", "A nitroimidazole antitrichomonal agent effective against Trichomonas vaginalis, Entamoeba histolytica, and Giardia lamblia infections.", "Tinidazole is a Nitroimidazole Antimicrobial.", "Tinidazole is an orally available, broad spectrum antimicrobial agent used in the treatment of bacterial, protozoal and parasitic infections. Tinidazole is a nitroimidazole similar to metronidazole and is likely to have a similar spectrum and frequency of side effects, including a low rate of serum enzyme elevations during therapy and rare instances of clinically apparent acute liver injury.", "Tinidazole is a 5-nitroimidazole derivative with antiprotozoal property. Although the mechanism of action has not been fully elucidated, it has been suggested that tinidazole is metabolized and yields nitrite anions and metronidazole. Metronidazole's nitro group in turn is reduced via the parasite ferredoxin, thereby generating a series of free nitro radicals including nitro anions. Toxicity is achieved via depletion of sulfhydryl groups and DNA strand breaks with multiple hits having an additive effect and ultimately leading to cell death.", "A nitroimidazole alkylating agent that is used as an antitrichomonal agent against TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS; ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA; and GIARDIA LAMBLIA infections. It also acts as an antibacterial agent for the treatment of BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS and anaerobic bacterial infections."]], ["Tiopronin", "CC(C(=O)NCC(=O)O)S", ["Tiopronin is a N-acyl-amino acid.", "Tiopronin is a prescription thiol drug used primarily in the treatment of severe homozygous cystinuria. Patients with cystinuria excrete high levels of cystine in their urine and are at risk for kidney stone formation. Tiopronin is used as a second-line therapy to control the rate of cystine precipitation and excretion, and prevent kidney stone formation. It is used after a failure of the non-pharmacological first line treatment consisting of increased fluid intake, restriction of sodium and protein, and urinary alkalinization. As cystinuria is a relatively rare disease, tiopronin is classified as an orphan drug and is not patented in the United States. It is similar to d-penicillamine in use and efficacy, but offers the advantage of far less adverse effects. Tiopronin is dosed on an individual basis using close monitoring of urinary cystine concentrations and urinary output.  Tiopronin may also be used to bind metal nanoparticles in Wilson's disease, which is an overload of copper in the body. It has been investigated for use in the treatment of arthritis and as a neuroprotective agent in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.", "Tiopronin is a Reducing and Complexing Thiol. The mechanism of action of tiopronin is as a Cystine Disulfide Reduction.", "Tiopronin is an acylated sulfhydryl-containing derivative of glycine with reducing and complexing properties. Tiopronin breaks the disulphide bond of cystine and binds the sulfhydryl group of the resultant cysteine monomers to form a soluble tiopronin-cysteine-mixed disulfide, which is more water-soluble than cystine and is readily excreted. This leads to a reduction in urinary cystine concentration and subsequently reduces cystine stone formation.", "Sulfhydryl acylated derivative of GLYCINE."]], ["Tipepidine", "CN1CCCC(=C(C2=CC=CS2)C3=CC=CS3)C1", ["Tipepidine is a member of piperidines."]], ["Tizanidine", "C1CN=C(N1)NC2=C(C=CC3=NSN=C32)Cl", ["Tizanidine is 2,1,3-Benzothiadiazole substituted at C-4 by a Delta(1)-imidazolin-2-ylamino group and at C-4 by a chloro group. It is an agonist at alpha2-adrenergic receptor sites. It has a role as an alpha-adrenergic agonist and a muscle relaxant. It is a benzothiadiazole and a member of imidazoles.", "Tizanidine is a fast-acting drug used for the management of muscle spasm, which may result from the effects of multiple sclerosis, stroke, an acquired brain injury, or a spinal cord injury.  It may also be caused by musculoskeletal injury.  Regardless of the cause, muscle spasticity can be an extremely painful and debilitating condition.   Initially approved by the FDA in 1996, tizanidine is an Alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonist reducing spasticity by the presynaptic inhibition of excitatory neurotransmitters that cause firing of neurons promoting muscle spasm.", "Tizanidine is a Central alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonist. The mechanism of action of tizanidine is as an Adrenergic alpha2-Agonist.", "Tizanidine is a commonly used muscle relaxant that has been linked to rare instances of acute liver injury, a few of which have been fatal.", "Tizanidine is a short-acting drug for the management of spasticity. Tizanidine is an agonist at a2-adrenergic receptor sites and presumably reduces spasticity by increasing presynaptic inhibition of motor neurons. In animal models, tizanidine has no direct effect on skeletal muscle fibers or the neuromuscular junction, and no major effect on monosynaptic spinal reflexes. The effects of tizanidine are greatest on polysynaptic pathways. The overall effect of these actions is thought to reduce facilitation of spinal motor neurons."]], ["Nebramycin", "C1C(C(C(C(C1N)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)N)O)O)OC3C(CC(C(O3)CN)O)N)N", ["A complex of antibiotic substances produced by Streptomyces tenebrarius."]], ["Tolazoline", "C1CN=C(N1)CC2=CC=CC=C2", ["Tolazoline is a member of the class of imidazoles that is 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole substituted by a benzyl group. It has a role as an alpha-adrenergic antagonist, an antihypertensive agent and a vasodilator agent.", "A vasodilator that apparently has direct actions on blood vessels and also increases cardiac output. Tolazoline can interact to some degree with histamine, adrenergic, and cholinergic receptors, but the mechanisms of its therapeutic effects are not clear. It is used in treatment of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn.", "A vasodilator that apparently has direct actions on blood vessels and also increases cardiac output. Tolazoline can interact to some degree with histamine, adrenergic, and cholinergic receptors, but the mechanisms of its therapeutic effects are not clear. It is used in treatment of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn."]], ["Tolbutamide", "CCCCNC(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(C=C1)C", ["Tolbutamide appears as white crystals. (NTP, 1992)", "Tolbutamide is an N-sulfonylurea that consists of 1-butylurea having a tosyl group attached at the 3-position. It has a role as a hypoglycemic agent, a potassium channel blocker, a human metabolite and an insulin secretagogue.", "Tolbutamide is an oral antihyperglycemic agent used for the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). It is structurally similar to acetohexamide, chlorpropamide and tolazamide and belongs to the sulfonylurea class of insulin secretagogues, which act by stimulating \u03b2 cells of the pancreas to release insulin. Sulfonylureas increase both basal insulin secretion and meal-stimulated insulin release. Medications in this class differ in their dose, rate of absorption, duration of action, route of elimination and binding site on their target pancreatic \u03b2 cell receptor. Sulfonylureas also increase peripheral glucose utilization, decrease hepatic gluconeogenesis and may increase the number and sensitivity of insulin receptors. Sulfonylureas are associated with weight gain, though less so than insulin. Due to their mechanism of action, sulfonylureas may cause hypoglycemia and require consistent food intake to decrease this risk. The risk of hypoglycemia is increased in elderly, debilitated and malnourished individuals. Tolbutamide appears to be metabolized in the liver. Tolbutamide and its metabolites are excreted in urine (75-85%) and feces.", "Tolbutamide is a Sulfonylurea.", "Tolbutamide is a natural product found in Homo sapiens with data available.", "Tolbutamide is a short-acting, first-generation sulfonylurea with hypoglycemic activity. Compared to second-generation sulfonylureas, tolbutamide is more likely to cause adverse effects, such as jaundice. This agent is rapidly metabolized by CYPC29.", "A sulphonylurea hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROPAMIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p290)"]], ["Tolnaftate", "CC1=CC(=CC=C1)N(C)C(=S)OC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C2", ["Crystals or white powder. (NTP, 1992)", "Tolnaftate is a monothiocarbamic ester that is the methyl(3-tolyl)carbamothioate ester of 2-naphthol. A synthetic anti-fungal agent used to treat jock itch, athlete's foot and ringworm. It has a role as an antifungal drug. It is functionally related to a 2-naphthol.", "Tolnaftate is a synthetic over-the-counter anti-fungal agent. It may come as a cream, powder, spray, or liquid aerosol, and is used to treat jock itch, athlete's foot and ringworm. It is sold under several brand names, most notably Tinactin and Odor Eaters.", "Tolnaftate is a thiocarbamate derivative with either fungicidal or fungistatic property. Tolnaftate is a selective, reversible and non-competitive inhibitor of membrane-bound squalene-2,3- epoxidase, an enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of ergosterol. Inhibition leads to the accumulation of squalene and a deficiency in ergosterol, an essential component of fungal cell walls, thereby increasing membrane permeability, disrupting cellular organization and causing cell death. In addition, this agent may also distort the hyphae and stunts mycelial growth in susceptible fungi.", "A synthetic antifungal agent."]], ["Tosufloxacin", "C1CN(CC1N)C2=C(C=C3C(=O)C(=CN(C3=N2)C4=C(C=C(C=C4)F)F)C(=O)O)F", ["7-(3-aminopyrrolidin-1-yl)-1-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-6-fluoro-4-oxo-1,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carboxylic acid is a 1,8-naphthyridine derivative that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carboxylic acid bearing additional 2,4-difluorophenyl, fluoro and 3-aminopyrrolidin-1-yl substituents at positions 1, 6 and 7 respectively. It is a 1,8-naphthyridine derivative, an amino acid, a monocarboxylic acid, an organofluorine compound, an aminopyrrolidine, a tertiary amino compound, a primary amino compound and a quinolone antibiotic. It is a conjugate base of a 1-[6-carboxy-8-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-3-fluoro-5-oxo-5,8-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridin-2-yl]pyrrolidin-3-aminium."]], ["2-[(Dimethylamino)methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanol", "CN(C)CC1CCCCC1(C2=CC(=CC=C2)OC)O", ["2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanol is a tertiary alcohol that is cyclohexanol substituted at positions 1 and 2 by 3-methoxyphenyl and dimethylaminomethyl groups respectively. It is a tertiary amino compound, a tertiary alcohol and an aromatic ether. It is functionally related to a cyclohexanol.", "A narcotic analgesic proposed for severe pain. It may be habituating."]], ["Triazolam", "CC1=NN=C2N1C3=C(C=C(C=C3)Cl)C(=NC2)C4=CC=CC=C4Cl", ["Triazolam is a triazolobenzodiazepine. It has a role as a sedative.", "Withdrawn in the United Kingdom due to risk of psychiatric adverse drug reactions. This drug continues to be available in the U.S. Internationally, triazolam is a Schedule IV drug under the Convention on Psychotropic Substances.", "Triazolam is a Benzodiazepine.", "Triazolam is an orally available benzodiazepine used predominantly for therapy of insomnia. As with most benzodiazepines, triazolam therapy has not been associated with serum aminotransferase or alkaline phosphatase elevations, and clinically apparent liver injury from triazolam has been reported but is very rare.", "Triazolam is a triazolobenzodiazepinederivative with sedative-hypnotic property. Triazolam interacts directly with a specific site on the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-A-chloride-ionophore receptor complex located on the neuronal membrane. Binding causes allosteric modification of the receptor and modulation of its affinity for the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA. This results in enhancement of synaptic actions of GABA and includes an increase in the frequency of chloride channel openings, increased chloride ion conductance, membrane hyperpolarization and ultimately synaptic inhibition and decreased neuronal excitability.", "Triazolam is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is withdrawn in the United Kingdom due to risk of psychiatric adverse drug reactions. This drug continues to be available in the U.S. Internationally, triazolam is a Schedule IV drug under the Convention on Psychotropic Substances.Benzodiazepines bind nonspecifically to bezodiazepine receptors BNZ1, which mediates sleep, and BNZ2, which affects affects muscle relaxation, anticonvulsant activity, motor coordination, and memory. As benzodiazepine receptors are thought to be coupled to gamma-aminobutyric acid-A (GABA<sub>A</sub>) receptors, this enhances the effects of GABA by increasing GABA affinity for the GABA receptor. Binding of GABA to the site opens the chloride channel, resulting in a hyperpolarized cell membrane that prevents further excitation of the cell.", "A short-acting benzodiazepine used in the treatment of insomnia. Some countries temporarily withdrew triazolam from the market because of concerns about adverse reactions, mostly psychological, associated with higher dose ranges. Its use at lower doses with appropriate care and labeling has been reaffirmed by the FDA and most other countries."]], ["Trichlormethiazide", "C1=C2C(=CC(=C1Cl)S(=O)(=O)N)S(=O)(=O)NC(N2)C(Cl)Cl", ["Trichlormethiazide is a benzothiadiazine, hydrogenated at positions 2, 3 and 4 and substituted with an aminosulfonyl group at C-7, a chloro substituent at C-6 and a dichloromethyl group at C-3 and with S-1 as an S,S-dioxide. A sulfonamide antibiotic, it is used as a diuretic to treat oedema (including that associated with heart failure) and hypertension. It has a role as a diuretic and an antihypertensive agent. It is a benzothiadiazine and a sulfonamide antibiotic.", "A thiazide diuretic with properties similar to those of hydrochlorothiazide. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p830)", "Trichlormethiazide is a short-acting, 3-dichloromethyl derivative of hydrochlorothiazide, belonging to the class of thiazide diuretics.", "A thiazide diuretic with properties similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p830)"]], ["Trichlormethine", "C(CCl)N(CCCl)CCCl", ["Tris(2-chloroethyl)amine is a liquid with faint odor of fish and soap, no odor when pure. Used as a delayed-action casualty military agent.", "Trichlormethine is a nitrogen mustard vesicant that has application in chemical warfare, and has been used as a cytostatic alkylating agent in anti cancer therapy."]], ["Triclofos", "C(C(Cl)(Cl)Cl)OP(=O)(O)O", ["Triclofos is a monoalkyl phosphate."]], ["Trifluoperazine", "CN1CCN(CC1)CCCN2C3=CC=CC=C3SC4=C2C=C(C=C4)C(F)(F)F", ["Trifluoperazine is a member of the class of phenothiazines that is phenothiazine having a trifluoromethyl subsitituent at the 2-position and a 3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl group at the N-10 position. It has a role as a dopaminergic antagonist, an antiemetic, an EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor, an EC 5.3.3.5 (cholestenol Delta-isomerase) inhibitor, a calmodulin antagonist and a phenothiazine antipsychotic drug. It is a N-alkylpiperazine, a N-methylpiperazine, a member of phenothiazines and an organofluorine compound.", "A phenothiazine with actions similar to chlorpromazine. It is used as an antipsychotic and an antiemetic.", "Trifluoperazine is a Phenothiazine.", "Trifluoperazine is a phenothiazine and antipsychotic agent that no longer commonly used in clinical practice. Trifluoperazine is a rare cause of clinically apparent acute cholestatic liver injury.", "Trifluoperazine is a natural product found in Crotalaria pallida with data available.", "Trifluoperazine is a phenothiazine derivative and a dopamine antagonist with antipsychotic and antiemetic activities. Trifluoperazine exerts its antipsychotic effect by blocking central dopamine receptors, thereby preventing effects such as delusions and hallucinations caused by an excess of dopamine. This agent also functions as a calmodulin inhibitor, thereby leading to elevation of cytosolic calcium.", "Trifluoperazine is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a phenothiazine with actions similar to chlorpromazine. It is used as an antipsychotic and an antiemetic. [PubChem]Trifluoperazine blocks postsynaptic mesolimbic dopaminergic D1 and D2 receptors in the brain; depresses the release of hypothalamic and hypophyseal hormones and is believed to depress the reticular activating system thus affecting basal metabolism, body temperature, wakefulness, vasomotor tone, and emesis.", "A phenothiazine with actions similar to CHLORPROMAZINE. It is used as an antipsychotic and an antiemetic."]], ["Triflupromazine", "CN(C)CCCN1C2=CC=CC=C2SC3=C1C=C(C=C3)C(F)(F)F", ["Triflupromazine is a member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine having a trifluoromethyl subsitituent at the 2-position and a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at the N-10 position. It has a role as a dopaminergic antagonist, an antiemetic, a first generation antipsychotic and an anticoronaviral agent. It is a tertiary amine, a member of phenothiazines and an organofluorine compound. It derives from a hydride of a 10H-phenothiazine.", "A phenothiazine used as an antipsychotic agent and as an antiemetic.", "Triflupromazine is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a phenothiazine used as an antipsychotic agent and as an antiemetic. Triflupromazine binds to the dopamine D1 and dopamine D2 receptors and inhibits their activity. The mechanism of the anti-emetic effect is due predominantly to blockage of the dopamine D2 neurotransmitter receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) and vomiting centre. Triflupromazine blocks the neurotransmitter dopamine and the vagus nerve in the gastrointestinal tract. Triflupromazine also binds the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (M1 and M2) and the tryptamine D receptors (5HT<sub>2B</sub>).", "A phenothiazine used as an antipsychotic agent and as an antiemetic."]], ["Trimeprazine", "CC(CN1C2=CC=CC=C2SC3=CC=CC=C31)CN(C)C", ["Trimeprazine is a member of phenothiazines.", "A phenothiazine derivative that is used as an antipruritic.", "A phenothiazine derivative that is used as an antipruritic."]], ["Trimethadione", "CC1(C(=O)N(C(=O)O1)C)C", ["Trimethadione is an oxazolidinone that is 1,3-oxazolidine-2,4-dione substituted by methyl groups at positions 3, 5 and 5. It is an antiepileptic agent. It has a role as a geroprotector and an anticonvulsant.", "An anticonvulsant effective in absence seizures, but generally reserved for refractory cases because of its toxicity. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p378)", "Trimethadione is an Anti-epileptic Agent. The physiologic effect of trimethadione is by means of Decreased Central Nervous System Disorganized Electrical Activity.", "Trimethadione is a dione-type anticonvulsant with antiepileptic activity. Trimethadione reduces T-type calcium currents in thalamic neurons, thereby stabilizing neuronal membranes, raising the threshold for repetitive activities in the thalamus and inhibiting corticothalamic transmission. This decreases the abnormal thalamocortical rhythmicity, which is thought to underlie the paroxysmal three-cycle-per-second spike-and-wave pattern seen with absence (petit mal) seizures.", "Trimethadione is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is an anticonvulsant effective in absence seizures, but generally reserved for refractory cases because of its toxicity. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p378) Trimethadione reduces T-type calcium currents in thalamic neurons, including thalamic relay neurons. It does so via the inhibition of voltage dependent T-type calcium channels. This raises the threshold for repetitive activity in the thalamus, and inhibits corticothalamic transmission. Thus, the abnormal thalamocortical rhythmicity, which is thought to underlie the 3-Hz spike-and-wave discharge seen on electroencephalogram(EEG) with absence seizures, is dampened.", "An anticonvulsant effective in absence seizures, but generally reserved for refractory cases because of its toxicity. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p378)"]], ["Trimethobenzamide", "CN(C)CCOC1=CC=C(C=C1)CNC(=O)C2=CC(=C(C(=C2)OC)OC)OC", ["Trimethobenzamide is the amide obtained by formal condensation of 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid with 4-[2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethoxy]benzylamine. It is used to prevent nausea and vomitting in humans. It has a role as an antiemetic. It is a tertiary amino compound and a member of benzamides.", "Trimethobenzamide is a novel antiemetic which prevents nausea and vomiting in humans. Its actions are unclear but most likely involves the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ). In dogs pretreated with trimethobenzamide HCl, the emetic response to apomorphine is inhibited, while little or no protection is afforded against emesis induced by intragastric copper sulfate.", "Trimethobenzamide is an Antiemetic. The physiologic effect of trimethobenzamide is by means of Emesis Suppression.", "Trimethobenzamide is an orally available, antiemetic agent used in the therapy of nausea and vomiting associated with medications and gastrointestinal, viral and other illnesses. Trimethobenzamide has not been linked convincingly to elevations in serum enzymes during therapy and despite widescale use for almost 50 years, it has rarely been linked to instances of clinically apparent liver injury with jaundice."]], ["Trimetrexate", "CC1=C(C=CC2=C1C(=NC(=N2)N)N)CNC3=CC(=C(C(=C3)OC)OC)OC", ["Trimetrexate is a member of quinazolines. It has a role as an antifungal drug.", "A nonclassical folic acid inhibitor through its inhibition of the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase. It is being tested for efficacy as an antineoplastic agent and as an antiparasitic agent against pneumocystis pneumonia in AIDS patients. Myelosuppression is its dose-limiting toxic effect.", "Trimetrexate is a parenterally administered folate antagonist that is used as a second line therapy for severe Pneumocystis jirovecii (previously carinii) pneumonia. Trimetrexate therapy has been associated with transient, mild serum enzyme elevations during therapy, but has not been convincingly linked to instances of acute, clinically apparent liver injury.", "Trimetrexate is a methotrexate derivative with potential antineoplastic activity.  Trimetrexate inhibits the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase, thereby preventing the synthesis of purine nucleotides and thymidylate, with subsequent inhibition of DNA and RNA synthesis.  Trimetrexate also exhibits antiviral activity. (NCI04)", "A nonclassical folic acid inhibitor through its inhibition of the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase. It is being tested for efficacy as an antineoplastic agent and as an antiparasitic agent against pneumocystis pneumonia in AIDS patients. Myelosuppression is its dose-limiting toxic effect. [PubChem]", "A nonclassical folic acid inhibitor through its inhibition of the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase. It is being tested for efficacy as an antineoplastic agent and as an antiparasitic agent against PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA in AIDS patients. Myelosuppression is its dose-limiting toxic effect."]], ["Trimipramine", "CC(CN1C2=CC=CC=C2CCC3=CC=CC=C31)CN(C)C", ["Trimipramine is a dibenzoazepine that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)-2-methylpropyl group at the nitrogen atom. It is used as an antidepressant. It has a role as an antidepressant, an environmental contaminant and a xenobiotic. It is a dibenzoazepine and a tertiary amino compound. It is functionally related to an imipramine.", "Tricyclic antidepressant similar to imipramine, but with more antihistaminic and sedative properties.", "Trimipramine is a Tricyclic Antidepressant.", "Trimipramine is a tricyclic antidepressant used in the therapy of major (endogenous) as well as reactive (exogenous) depression. In clinical trials, trimipramine therapy was not associated with an increased rate of elevations in serum aminotransferase levels, and it has yet to be linked to instances of clinically apparent acute liver injury.", "Trimipramine is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a tricyclic antidepressant similar to imipramine, but with more antihistaminic and sedative properties. [PubChem]Trimipramine's mechanism of action differs from other tricyclic antidepressants. Trimipramine acts by decreasing the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin (5-HT).", "Tricyclic antidepressant similar to IMIPRAMINE, but with more antihistaminic and sedative properties."]], ["Tripelennamine", "CN(C)CCN(CC1=CC=CC=C1)C2=CC=CC=N2", ["Tripelenamine is an oily liquid with an amine odor. (NTP, 1992)", "Tripelennamine is an aromatic amine.", "A histamine H1 antagonist with low sedative action but frequent gastrointestinal irritation. It is used to treat asthma; HAY fever; urticaria; and rhinitis; and also in veterinary applications. Tripelennamine is administered by various routes, including topically.", "A histamine H1 antagonist with low sedative action but frequent gastrointestinal irritation. It is used to treat ASTHMA; HAY FEVER; URTICARIA; and RHINITIS; and also in veterinary applications. Tripelennamine is administered by various routes, including topically."]], ["Troglitazone", "CC1=C(C2=C(CCC(O2)(C)COC3=CC=C(C=C3)CC4C(=O)NC(=O)S4)C(=C1O)C)C", ["Troglitazone is a member of chromanes and a thiazolidinone. It has a role as a hypoglycemic agent, an antioxidant, a vasodilator agent, an anticonvulsant, an anticoagulant, a platelet aggregation inhibitor, an antineoplastic agent, an EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor and a ferroptosis inhibitor.", "Troglitazone was withdrawn in 2000 due to risk of hepatotoxicity. It was superseded by [pioglitazone] and [rosiglitazone].", "Troglitazone was the first thiazolidinedione approved for use in the United States and was licensed for use in type 2 diabetes in 1997, but withdrawn 3 years later because of the frequency of liver injury including acute liver failure associated with its use.", "Troglitazone is an orally-active thiazolidinedione with antidiabetic and hepatotoxic properties and potential antineoplastic activity.  Troglitazone activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma), a ligand-activated transcription factor, thereby inducing cell differentiation and inhibiting cell growth and angiogenesis.  This agent also modulates the transcription of insulin-responsive genes, inhibits macrophage and monocyte activation, and stimulates adipocyte differentiation. (NCI04)", "Troglitazone was withdrawn in 2000 due to risk of hepatotoxicity. It was superseded by pioglitazone and rosiglitazone.", "A chroman and thiazolidinedione derivative that acts as a PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTORS (PPAR) agonist. It was formerly used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS, but has been withdrawn due to hepatotoxicity."]], ["Tyramine", "C1=CC(=CC=C1CCN)O", ["Tyramine is a primary amino compound obtained by formal decarboxylation of the amino acid tyrosine. It has a role as an EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor, a human metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite, a mouse metabolite and a neurotransmitter. It is a monoamine molecular messenger, a primary amino compound and a member of tyramines. It is a conjugate base of a tyraminium.", "Tyramine (4-hydroxyphenethylamine; para-tyramine, mydrial or uteramin) is a naturally occurring monoamine compound and trace amine derived from the amino acid tyrosine. Tyramine acts by inducing the release of catecholamine. An important characteristic of this product is its impediment to cross the blood-brain barrier which restrains its side effects to only nonpsychoactive peripheral sympathomimetic effects. There have been reports of hypertensive crisis in patients ingesting tyramine-rich diet in conjunction with monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs).", "Tyramine is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).", "Tyramine is a natural product found in Cereus peruvianus, Mus musculus, and other organisms with data available.", "Tyramine is a monoamine compound derived from the amino acid tyrosine. Tyramine is metabolized by the enzyme monoamine oxidase. In foods, it is often produced by the decarboxylation of tyrosine during fermentation or decay. Foods containing considerable amounts of tyramine include fish, chocolate, alcoholic beverages, cheese, soy sauce, sauerkraut, and processed meat. A large dietary intake of tyramine can cause an increase in systolic blood pressure of 30 mmHg or more. Tyramine acts as a neurotransmitter via a G protein-coupled receptor with high affinity for tyramine called TA1. The TA1 receptor is found in the brain as well as peripheral tissues including the kidney. An indirect sympathomimetic, Tyramine can also serve as a substrate for adrenergic uptake systems and monoamine oxidase so it prolongs the actions of adrenergic transmitters. It also provokes transmitter release from adrenergic terminals.", "Tyramine is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.", "An indirect sympathomimetic that occurs naturally in cheese and other foods. Tyramine does not directly activate adrenergic receptors, but it can serve as a substrate for adrenergic uptake systems and MONOAMINE OXIDASE to prolong the actions of adrenergic transmitters. It also provokes transmitter release from adrenergic terminals and may be a neurotransmitter in some invertebrate nervous systems."]], ["Tyropanic acid", "CCCC(=O)NC1=C(C=C(C(=C1I)CC(CC)C(=O)O)I)I", ["Tyropanoate is a monocarboxylic acid and a member of benzenes.", "Tyropanoic acid is a radiocontrast agent used in cholecystography, the X-ray diagnosis of gallstones under the trade names include Bilopaque, Lumopaque, Tyropaque, and Bilopac. The molecule contains three heavy iodine atoms which obstruct X-rays in the same way as the calcium in bones, which results in a visible image.", "A diagnostic aid as a radiopaque medium in cholecystography."]], ["Talactoferrin Alfa", "CN(C1CCCCC1N2CCCC2)C(=O)CC3=CC(=C(C=C3)Cl)Cl", ["2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-N-methyl-N-[2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)cyclohexyl]acetamide is a member of acetamides.", "Talactoferrin Alfa is an orally bioavailable recombinant human lactoferrin produced in the fungus Aspergillus niger with potential antineoplastic and immunomodulating activities. Upon oral administration, talactoferrin is transported into small intestinal Peyer's patches of the gut-associated lymphoreticular tissues (GALT), where it recruits circulating immature dendritic cells (DCs) bearing tumor antigens and induces their maturation. In the GALT, DC maturation in the presence of tumor antigens and lymphoid effector cells may induce systemic innate and adaptive immune responses mediated by anti-tumor natural killer (NK) cells, cytotoxic T lymphocytes, and natural killer T (NKT) cells; activation of tumor-draining lymph nodes, cellular infiltration of distant tumors, and tumor-cell death may follow. Raising the initial immune response in the GALT, distant from the primary tumor, may counter local tumor-mediated immunosuppression."]], ["Delavirdine", "CC(C)NC1=C(N=CC=C1)N2CCN(CC2)C(=O)C3=CC4=C(N3)C=CC(=C4)NS(=O)(=O)C", ["Delavirdine is the amide resulting from the formal condensation of 5-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid and 4-amino group of 1-[3-(isopropylamino)pyridin-2-yl]piperazine, delavirdine is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity specific for HIV-1. Viral resistance emerges rapidly when delavirdine is used alone, so it is therefore used (as the methanesulfonic acid salt) with other antiretrovirals for combination therapy of HIV infection. It has a role as a HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor and an antiviral drug. It is a N-acylpiperazine, a sulfonamide, an aminopyridine and an indolecarboxamide.", "A potent, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity specific for HIV-1.", "Delavirdine is a Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 Non-Nucleoside Analog Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor. The mechanism of action of delavirdine is as a Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor.", "Delavirdine is a nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor used in combination with other agents in the therapy of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Delavirdine is associated with a low rate of transient serum aminotransferase elevations during therapy and is a rare cause of clinically apparent acute liver injury.", "Delavirdine is a synthetic, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor. In combination with other anti-retroviral drugs, this agent has been shown to reduce HIV viral load and increase CD4 leukocyte counts in patients. As an inhibitor of the cytochrome P450 system, delavirdine may result in increased serum levels of co-administered protease inhibitors metabolized by the cytochrome P450 system.", "A potent, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity specific for HIV-1."]], ["3,7-Dihydroxycholan-24-oic acid", "CC(CCC(=O)O)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2C(CC4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)O)C", ["3,7-Dihydroxycholan-24-oic acid is a natural product found in Anser anser with data available."]], ["Venlafaxine", "CN(C)CC(C1=CC=C(C=C1)OC)C2(CCCCC2)O", ["Venlafaxine is a tertiary amino compound that is N,N-dimethylethanamine substituted at position 1 by a 1-hydroxycyclohexyl and 4-methoxyphenyl group. It has a role as an antidepressant, a serotonin uptake inhibitor, an adrenergic uptake inhibitor, a dopamine uptake inhibitor, an analgesic, an environmental contaminant and a xenobiotic. It is a member of cyclohexanols, a tertiary alcohol, a tertiary amino compound and a monomethoxybenzene.", "Venlafaxine is an antidepressant and a serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI). Its active metabolite, [desvenlafaxine], works by blocking the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine, which are key neurotransmitters in mood regulation. Venlafaxine is officially approved to treat major depressive disorder (MDD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), social anxiety disorder, and panic disorder in adults. The immediate formulation of the drug, marketed as Effexor, was first approved by the FDA in 1993 and the extended-release formulation, Effexor XR, was later introduced in 1997.  Venlafaxine has been used as a first-line treatment for MDD, GAD, social anxiety disorder, and panic disorder in Canada for many years. It was also considered a second-line treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Venlafaxine was also investigated in off-label uses for the prophylaxis of migraine headaches, for reduction of vasomotor symptoms associated with menopause, and for the management of neuropathic pain (although there is only minimal evidence of efficacy for this condition).", "Venlafaxine is a Serotonin and Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor. The mechanism of action of venlafaxine is as a Norepinephrine Uptake Inhibitor, and Serotonin Uptake Inhibitor.", "Venlafaxine is a serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor widely used as an antidepressant. Venlafaxine therapy can be associated with transient asymptomatic elevations in serum aminotransferase levels and has been linked to rare instances of clinically apparent acute liver injury.", "Venlafaxine is a synthetic phenethylamine bicyclic derivative with antidepressant activity. Venlafaxine and its active metabolite, O-desmethylvenlafaxine (ODV), are potent inhibitors of neuronal serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake and weak dopamine reuptake inhibitors.  This agent may reduce hormone-related vasomotor symptoms. (NCI04)", "Venlafaxine (brand name: Effexor or Efexor) is an effective antidepressant for many persons; Venlafaxine is a bicyclic antidepressant, and is usually categorized as a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI), but it has been referred to as a serotonin-norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor. It works by blocking the transporter reuptake proteins for key neurotransmitters affecting mood, thereby leaving more active neurotransmitter in the synapse. The neurotransmitters affected are serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline) Additionally, in high doses it weakly inhibits the reuptake of dopamine; A comparison of adverse event rates in a fixed dose study comparing venlafaxine 75, 225, and 375 mg/day with placebo revealed a dose dependency for some of the more common adverse events associated with venlafaxine use. The rule for including events was to enumerate those that occurred at an incidence of 5% or more for at least one of the venlafaxine groups and for which the incidence was at least twice the placebo incidence for at least one venlafaxine group. Tests for potential dose relationships for these events (Cochran-Armitage Test, with a criterion of exact 2-sided p-value <= 0.05) suggested a dose-dependency for several adverse events in this list, including chills, hypertension, anorexia, nausea, agitation, dizziness, somnolence, tremor, yawning, sweating, and abnormal ejaculation.[Wyeth Monograph]; Venlafaxine is an effective anti-depressant for many persons; however, it seems to be especially effective for those with treatment resistant depression. Some of these persons have taken two or more antidepressants prior to venlafaxine with no relief. Patients suffering with severe long-term depression typically respond better to venlafaxine than other drugs. However, venlafaxine has been reported to be more difficult to discontinue than other antidepressants. In addition, a September 2004 Consumer Reports study ranked venlafaxine as the most effective among six commonly prescribed antidepressants. However, this should not be considered a definitive finding, since responses to psychiatric medications can vary significantly from individual to individual; however, it seems to be especially effective for those with treatment-resistant depression. Some of these persons have taken two or more antidepressants prior to venlafaxine with no relief. Patients suffering with severe long term depression typically respond better to venlafaxine than other drugs. However, venlafaxine has been reported to be more difficult to discontinue than other antidepressants. In addition, a September 2004 Consumer Reports study ranked venlafaxine as the most effective among six commonly prescribed antidepressants. However, this should not be considered a definitive finding, since responses to psychiatric medications can vary significantly from individual to individual; Venlafaxine hydrochloride is a prescription antidepressant that belongs to the class of antidepressants called serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRI). A Black Box Warning has been issued with Venlafaxine and with other SSRI and SNRI anti-depressants advising of risk of suicide. There is an additional risk if a physician misinterprets patient expression of adverse effects such as panic or akithesia. Careful assessment of patient history and comorbid risk factors such as drug abuse are essential in evaluating the safety of Venlafaxine for individual patients. Another risk is Serotonin syndrome. This is a serious effect that can be caused by interactions with other drugs and is potentially fatal. This risk necessitates clear information to patients and proper medical history. Venlafaxine is used primarily for the treatment of depression, generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, social anxiety disorder, and panic disorder in adults. It is also used for other general depressive disorders. Although it is not approved for use in children or adolescents, there is a considerable information by Wyeth on cautions if presecribed to this age group. Venlafaxine hydrochloride is a prescription antidepressant first introduced by Wyeth in 1993. It belongs to class of antidepressants called serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRI). As of August 2006, generic venlafaxine is available in the United States.", "A cyclohexanol and phenylethylamine derivative that functions as a SEROTONIN AND NORADRENALINE REUPTAKE INHIBITOR (SNRI) and is used as an ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENT."]], ["Veratridine", "CC1CCC2C(C3(C(CC4(C5CCC6C7(C5(CC4(C3CN2C1)O)OC6(C(CC7)OC(=O)C8=CC(=C(C=C8)OC)OC)O)C)O)O)O)(C)O", ["A benzoate-cevane found in VERATRUM and Schoenocaulon. It activates SODIUM CHANNELS to stay open longer than normal."]], ["Vesnarinone", "COC1=C(C=C(C=C1)C(=O)N2CCN(CC2)C3=CC4=C(C=C3)NC(=O)CC4)OC", ["Arkin (TN) is an organic molecular entity.", "Vesnarinone has been used in trials studying the treatment of HIV Infections and Sarcoma, Kaposi.", "Vesnarinone is a cardiotonic quinolinone derivative, that suppresses cell proliferation and induces apoptosis by inducing the expression of p21, an inhibitor of cyclin dependent kinase activity in p53-mediated cell cycle arrest. (NCI)"]], ["Viloxazine", "CCOC1=CC=CC=C1OCC2CNCCO2", ["2-[(2-ethoxyphenoxy)methyl]morpholine is an aromatic ether.", "Viloxazine is a selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor. For decades, an immediate-release formulation of viloxazine has been used in Europe as an antidepressant. It was first approved in the UK in 1974; however, the immediate-release formulation was discontinued due to business reasons unrelated to drug safety and efficacy. In the US, viloxazine was assigned an orphan drug designation in 1984 under the brand name CATATROL: while this product was intended to treat cataplexy and narcolepsy, the drug was never approved for these therapeutic indications. In April 2021, an extended-release formulation of viloxazine under the brand name QELBREE was approved by the FDA for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).", "Viloxazine is a Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor. The mechanism of action of viloxazine is as a Norepinephrine Uptake Inhibitor, and Cytochrome P450 1A2 Inhibitor, and Cytochrome P450 2D6 Inhibitor, and Cytochrome P450 3A4 Inhibitor, and Cytochrome P450 2B6 Inhibitor.", "Viloxazine is a selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor that is used in the therapy of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children. Viloxazine has been associated with uncommon and mild serum enzyme elevations during therapy but not with occurrence of clinically apparent liver injury.", "A morpholine derivative used as an antidepressant. It is similar in action to IMIPRAMINE."]], ["Methyl 4-(acetyloxy)-15-[4-ethyl-8-(methoxycarbonyl)-1,3,6,7,8,9-hexahydro-2,6-methanoazecino[4,3-b]indol-8-yl]-3-hydroxy-16-methoxy-1-methyl-6,7-didehydroaspidospermidine-3-carboxylate", "CCC1=CC2CC(C3=C(CN(C2)C1)C4=CC=CC=C4N3)(C5=C(C=C6C(=C5)C78CCN9C7C(C=CC9)(C(C(C8N6C)(C(=O)OC)O)OC(=O)C)CC)OC)C(=O)OC", ["LSM-4297 is a vinca alkaloid.", "Vinorelbine is a semisynthetic vinca alkaloid. Vinorelbine binds to tubulin and prevents formation of the mitotic spindle, resulting in the arrest of tumor cell growth in metaphase. This agent may also interfere with amino acid, cyclic AMP. and glutathione metabolism; calmodulin-dependent Ca++ -transport ATPase activity; cellular respiration; and nucleic acid and lipid biosynthesis.", "A vinca alkaloid related to VINBLASTINE that is used as a first-line treatment for NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER, or for advanced or metastatic BREAST CANCER refractory to treatment with ANTHRACYCLINES."]], ["Xylazine", "CC1=C(C(=CC=C1)C)NC2=NCCCS2", ["Xylazine is a methyl benzene that is 1,3-dimethylbenzene which is substituted by a 5,6-dihydro-4H-1,3-thiazin-2-ylnitrilo group at position 2. It is an alpha2 adrenergic receptor agonist and frequently used in veterinary medicine as an emetic and sedative with analgesic and muscle relaxant properties. It has a role as an emetic, an alpha-adrenergic agonist, a sedative, a muscle relaxant and an analgesic. It is a methylbenzene, a 1,3-thiazine and a secondary amino compound. It is a conjugate base of a xylazine(1+).", "Xylazine is a clonidine analog used as a non-opioid tranquilizer in veterinary medicine and as an emetic, especially in cats. It acts as an agonist at \u03b12 adrenoceptors; however, its affinity is lower than the one reported for other \u03b12 adrenergic receptor agonists such as [detomidine] and [medetomidine]. Xylazine is not approved for human use and requires a veterinary licence for its purchase and use. The intentional and unintentional use of xylazine is a cause for concern due to its side effects. The use of xylazine can lead to hypotension and bradycardia, and when combined with central nervous system depressants, such as benzodiazepines or alcohol, it can significantly depress vital functions and increase the risk of overdose and death. Xylazine is sometimes used as an adulterant and combined with opioids and recreational drugs; however, it has no antidote, and the use of [naloxone] has no effect on xylazine.", "An adrenergic alpha-2 agonist used as a sedative, analgesic and centrally acting muscle relaxant in VETERINARY MEDICINE."]], ["Xylometazoline", "CC1=CC(=CC(=C1CC2=NCCN2)C)C(C)(C)C", ["Xylometazoline is an alkylbenzene.", "Xylometazoline is an imidazoline derivative with sympathomimetic and nasal decongestant activity. Xylometazoline works by binding to alpha (\u03b1)-adrenergic receptors to cause vasoconstriction of nasal blood vessels.  Xylometazoline is available in over-the-counter (OTC) nasal sprays or drops to temporarily relieve nasal congestion due to cold, hay fever or other respiratory allergies. In some countries, it is available as combination products with [ipratropium], [domiphen], or [dexpanthenol]."]], ["Zaleplon", "CCN(C1=CC=CC(=C1)C2=CC=NC3=C(C=NN23)C#N)C(=O)C", ["Zaleplon is a pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine having a nitrile group at position 3 and a 3-(N-ethylacetamido)phenyl substituent at the 7-position. It has a role as an anticonvulsant, a central nervous system depressant, a sedative and an anxiolytic drug. It is a pyrazolopyrimidine and a nitrile.", "Zaleplon is a sedative/hypnotic, mainly used for insomnia. It is known as a nonbenzodiazepine hypnotic. Zaleplon interacts with the GABA receptor complex and shares some of the pharmacological properties of the benzodiazepines. Zaleplon is a schedule IV drug in the United States.", "Zaleplon is a gamma-Aminobutyric Acid A Receptor Agonist. The mechanism of action of zaleplon is as a GABA A Agonist. The physiologic effect of zaleplon is by means of Central Nervous System Depression.", "Zaleplon is a benzodiazepine receptor agonist and hypnotic that is used as a sleeping pill. Zaleplon has not been implicated in causing serum enzyme elevations or clinically apparent liver injury.", "Zaleplon is a nonbenzodiazepine from the pyrazolopyrimidine class with hypnotic, sedative, anxiolytic, and muscle relaxant properties. Zaleplon interacts with the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) -A receptor, thereby affecting the chloride channel ionophore complex and potentiating the inhibitory effects of GABA. In addition, zaleplon binds selectively to the brain omega-1 receptor situated on the alpha subunit of the GABA-A/chloride ion channel receptor complex and potentiates t-butyl-bicyclophosphorothionate (TBPS) binding.", "Zaleplon is a sedative/hypnotic, mainly used for insomnia. It is known as a nonbenzodiazepine hypnotic. Zaleplon interacts with the GABA receptor complex and shares some of the pharmacological properties of the benzodiazepines. Zaleplon is a schedule IV drug in the United States."]], ["Zomepirac", "CC1=C(N(C(=C1)CC(=O)O)C)C(=O)C2=CC=C(C=C2)Cl", ["Zomepirac is a member of pyrroles, a member of monochlorobenzenes, a monocarboxylic acid and an aromatic ketone. It has a role as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and a cardiovascular drug. It is functionally related to an acetic acid.", "Zomepirac, formerly marketed as Zomax tablets, was associated with fatal and near-fatal anaphylactoid reactions. The manufacturer voluntarily removed Zomax tablets from the Canadian, US, and UK markets in March 1983."]], ["Zonisamide", "C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C(=NO2)CS(=O)(=O)N", ["Zonisamide is a 1,2-benzoxazole compound having a sulfamoylmethyl substituent at the 3-position. It has a role as an anticonvulsant, an antioxidant, a central nervous system drug and a protective agent. It is a member of 1,2-benzoxazoles and a sulfonamide.", "Zonisamide is a sulfonamide anticonvulsant used as an adjunctive therapy in adults with partial-onset seizures.  Zonisamide may act by blocking repetitive firing of voltage-gated sodium channels, leading to a reduction of T-type calcium channel currents or by binding allosterically to GABA receptors. This latter action may inhibit the uptake of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA while enhancing the uptake of the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate. Zonisamide represents an alternative for patients that remain refractory to established antiepileptic drugs. In 1989, it was approved for commercial use in Japan. The US and Europe approved it in 2000 and 2005, respectively.", "Zonisamide is an Anti-epileptic Agent. The mechanism of action of zonisamide is as a Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor, and P-Glycoprotein Inhibitor. The physiologic effect of zonisamide is by means of Decreased Central Nervous System Disorganized Electrical Activity.", "Zonisamide is a new generation anticonvulsant that is typically used in combination with other antiepileptic medications for partial onset seizures. Zonisamide has not been associated with elevations in serum aminotransferase levels and clinically apparent drug induced liver disease has been reported with its use but is very rare.", "Zonisamide is a sulfonamide derivative with an anticonvulsant property. The exact mechanism of action remains to be elucidated. Zonisamide appears to block sodium and calcium channels, thereby stabilizing neuronal membranes and suppressing neuronal hyper-synchronization. Although zonisamide shows affinity for the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)/benzodiazepine receptor ionophore complex, it does not potentiate the synaptic activity of GABA. In addition, this agent also facilitates both dopaminergic and serotonergic neurotransmission.", "Zonisamide is a sulfonamide anticonvulsant approved for use as an adjunctive therapy in adults with partial-onset seizures. Zonisamide may be a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor although this is not one of the primary mechanisms of action. Zonisamide may act by blocking repetitive firing of voltage-gated sodium channels leading to a reduction of T-type calcium channel currents, or by binding allosterically to GABA receptors. This latter action may inhibit the uptake of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA while enhancing the uptake of the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate.", "A benzisoxazole and sulfonamide derivative that acts as a CALCIUM CHANNEL blocker. It is used primarily as an adjunctive antiepileptic agent for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES, with or without secondary generalization."]], ["Zopiclone", "CN1CCN(CC1)C(=O)OC2C3=NC=CN=C3C(=O)N2C4=NC=C(C=C4)Cl", ["Zopiclone is a pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrazine compound having a 4-methylpiperazine-1-carboxyl group at the 5-position, a 5-chloropyridin-2-yl group at the 6-position and an oxo-substituent at the 7-position. It has a role as a central nervous system depressant and a sedative. It is a pyrrolopyrazine and a monochloropyridine.", "Zopiclone is a novel hypnotic agent used in the treatment of insomnia. Its mechanism of action is based on modulating benzodiazepine receptors. In addition to zopiclone's benzodiazepine pharmacological properties it also has some barbiturate-like properties.", "Zopiclone is the racemic form of a nonbenzodiazepine, cyclopyrrolone with hypnotic and sedative activity and without significant anxiolytic activity. Although the exact mechanism of action remains to be fully elucidated, zopiclone is able to bind to and activate the omega-1 subtype of the alpha subunit of the gamma-aminobutyric acid-benzodiazepine GABA receptor complex (GABA-A), a chloride ionophore complex in the central nervous system (CNS). This leads to the opening of chloride channels, causing hyperpolarization, inhibition of neuronal firing, and enhancement of the inhibitory effect of GABA. This eventually leads to a hypnotic effect and allows for an induction of sleep.", "Zopiclone is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a novel hypnotic agent used in the treatment of insomnia. Its mechanism of action is based on modulating benzodiazepine receptors. In addition to zopiclone's benzodiazepine pharmacological properties it also has some barbiturate like properties. Zopiclone exerts its action by binding on the benzodiazepine receptor complex and modulation of the GABA<sub>B</sub>Z receptor chloride channel macromolecular complex. Both zopiclone and benzodiazepines act indiscriminately at the benzodiazepine binding site on &#945;1, &#945;2, &#945;3 and &#945;5 GABA<sub>A</sub> containing receptors as full agonists causing an enhancement of the inhibitory actions of GABA to produce the therapeutic (hypnotic and anxiolytic) and adverse effects of zopiclone."]], ["Oxyphenonium", "CC[N+](C)(CC)CCOC(=O)C(C1CCCCC1)(C2=CC=CC=C2)O", ["2-(2-cyclohexyl-2-hydroxy-1-oxo-2-phenylethoxy)ethyl-diethyl-methylammonium is an acylcholine.", "A quaternary ammonium anticholinergic agent with peripheral side effects similar to those of ATROPINE. It is used as an adjunct in the treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcer, and to relieve visceral spasms. The drug has also been used in the form of eye drops for mydriatic effect."]], ["Sulfuric acid--6'-methoxycinchonan-9-ol (1/2)", "COC1=CC2=C(C=CN=C2C=C1)[C@@H]([C@H]3CC4CCN3C[C@@H]4C=C)O.COC1=CC2=C(C=CN=C2C=C1)[C@@H]([C@H]3CC4CCN3C[C@@H]4C=C)O.OS(=O)(=O)O", ["Quinidine Sulfate is the sulfate salt form of quinidine, an alkaloid with antimalarial and antiarrhythmic (Class la) properties. Quinidine sulfate exerts its anti-malarial activity by acting primarily as an intra-erythrocytic schizonticide through association with the hemepolymer (hemozoin) in the acidic food vacuole of the parasite thereby preventing further polymerization by heme polymerase enzyme. This results in accumulation of toxic heme and death of the parasite. Quinidine sulfate exerts its antiarrhythmic effects by depressing the flow of sodium ions into cells during phase 0 of the cardiac action potential, thereby slowing the impulse conduction through the atrioventricular (AV) node, reducing the rate of phase 0 depolarization and prolonging the refractory period. Quinidine sulfate also reduces the slope of phase 4 depolarization in Purkinje-fibres resulting in slowed conduction and reduced automaticity in the heart.", "An optical isomer of quinine, extracted from the bark of the CHINCHONA tree and similar plant species. This alkaloid dampens the excitability of cardiac and skeletal muscles by blocking sodium and potassium currents across cellular membranes. It prolongs cellular ACTION POTENTIALS, and decreases automaticity. Quinidine also blocks muscarinic and alpha-adrenergic neurotransmission."]], ["Cephaloridine", "C1C(=C(N2[C@H](S1)[C@@H](C2=O)NC(=O)CC3=CC=CS3)C(=O)[O-])C[N+]4=CC=CC=C4", ["Cefaloridine is a cephalosporin compound having pyridinium-1-ylmethyl and 2-thienylacetamido side-groups. A first-generation semisynthetic derivative of cephalosporin C. It has a role as an antibacterial drug. It is a cephalosporin, a semisynthetic derivative and a beta-lactam antibiotic allergen.", "Cephaloridine or cefaloridine is a first generation semisynthetic cephalosporin. It is derived from cephalosporin C and is a zwitterion at physiological pH.", "Cephaloridine is a semisynthetic, broad-spectrum, first-generation cephalosporin with antibacterial activity. Cephaloridine binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall. PBPs are enzymes involved in the terminal stages of assembling the bacterial cell wall and in reshaping the cell wall during growth and division. Inactivation of PBPs interferes with the cross-linkage of peptidoglycan chains necessary for bacterial cell wall strength and rigidity. This results in the weakening of the bacterial cell wall and causes cell lysis.", "A cephalosporin antibiotic."]], ["Sorbitol", "C([C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](CO)O)O)O)O)O", ["Sorbitol is an odorless colorless solid. Sinks and mixes with water. (USCG, 1999)", "D-glucitol is the D-enantiomer of glucitol (also known as D-sorbitol). It has a role as a sweetening agent, a laxative, a metabolite, a cathartic, a human metabolite, a food humectant, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is an enantiomer of a L-glucitol.", "A polyhydric alcohol with about half the sweetness of sucrose. Sorbitol occurs naturally and is also produced synthetically from glucose. It was formerly used as a diuretic and may still be used as a laxative and in irrigating solutions for some surgical procedures.", "Sorbitol is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).", "Sorbitol is a natural product found in Salacia chinensis, Ligustrum robustum, and other organisms with data available.", "Sorbitol is a sugar alcohol found in fruits and plants with diuretic, laxative and cathartic property. Unabsorbed sorbitol retains water in the large intestine through osmotic pressure thereby stimulating peristalsis of the intestine and exerting its diuretic, laxative and cathartic effect. In addition, sorbitol has one-third fewer calories and 60 % the sweetening activity of sucrose and is used as a sugar replacement in diabetes.", "D-glucitol is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.", "L-glucitol is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.", "A polyhydric alcohol with about half the sweetness of sucrose. Sorbitol occurs naturally and is also produced synthetically from glucose. It was formerly used as a diuretic and may still be used as a laxative and in irrigating solutions for some surgical procedures. It is also used in many manufacturing processes, as a pharmaceutical aid, and in several research applications."]], ["Alloxan", "C1(=O)C(=O)NC(=O)NC1=O", ["Alloxan is a member of the class of pyrimidones, the structure of which is that of perhydropyrimidine substituted at C-2, -4, -5 and -6 by oxo groups. It has a role as a hyperglycemic agent and a metabolite. It is functionally related to a barbituric acid.", "Alloxan is a natural product found in Euglena gracilis with data available.", "Acidic compound formed by oxidation of URIC ACID. It is isolated as an efflorescent crystalline hydrate."]], ["Procaine hydrochloride", "CCN(CC)CCOC(=O)C1=CC=C(C=C1)N.Cl", ["Procaine hydrochloride is an organic molecular entity.", "Procaine Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of procaine, a benzoic acid derivative with local anesthetic and antiarrhythmic properties. Procaine binds to and inhibits voltage-gated sodium channels, thereby inhibiting the ionic flux required for the initiation and conduction of impulses. In addition, this agent increases electrical excitation threshold, reduces rate of rise of action potential and slows nerve impulse propagation thereby causing loss of sensation.", "A local anesthetic of the ester type that has a slow onset and a short duration of action. It is mainly used for infiltration anesthesia, peripheral nerve block, and spinal block. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1016)."]], ["Triethylenemelamine", "C1CN1C2=NC(=NC(=N2)N3CC3)N4CC4", ["Triethylenemelamine is an odorless white crystalline powder. Melting point 160 \u00b0C, then rapidly polymerizes to a white solid. Almost immediate degradation at pH 3.0; rapid degradation at pH 5.0; and very little degradation at pH 7.5. (NTP, 1992)", "Tretamine is a member of 1,3,5-triazines. It has a role as an insect sterilant and an alkylating agent.", "Toxic alkylating agent used in industry; also as antineoplastic and research tool to produce chromosome aberrations and cancers.", "Triethylenemelamine is a trisaziridine alkylating agent with antineoplastic and carcinogenic properties.  Used to induce cancer in experimental animal models, triethylenemelamine ethylates DNA, resulting in inhibition of DNA replication, unscheduled DNA synthesis, chromosomal aberrations, and sister chromatid exchanges.  This agent also exhibits reproductive toxicities. (NCI04)", "Toxic alkylating agent used in industry; also as antineoplastic and research tool to produce chromosome aberrations and cancers."]], ["Tiratricol", "C1=CC(=C(C=C1OC2=C(C=C(C=C2I)CC(=O)O)I)I)O", ["A metabolite of T3 and T4 thyroid hormones; promoted for hyperlipidemia, localized lipodystrophy, and obesity. Tiratricol has been used in trials studying the treatment of Allan-Herndon-Dudley Syndrome.", "Tiratricol (also known as TRIAC or triiodothyroacetic acid) is a thyroid hormone analogue. It is indicated in the management of thyroid hormone resistance syndrome and is used, in combination with levothyroxine, to suppress thyroid-stimulating hormone production in patients with thyroid cancer. It has been investigated for use in reducing goiter. It has also shown some effectiveness in reducing the atrophy caused when using corticosteroids. Tiratricol has also been widely marketed, under various trade names, as a weight loss aid. In 1999 and 2000, the United States Food and Drug Administration and Health Canada both issued warnings to the public regarding the use of dietary supplements containing tiratricol. Tiratricol is not approved for sale in Canada or the United States. It was once an approved drug in Brazil, but its marketing authorization was suspended in 2003, effectively prohibiting its sale. (Wikipedia)"]], ["Dichloroisoproterenol", "CC(C)NCC(C1=CC(=C(C=C1)Cl)Cl)O", ["Dichloroisoproterenol has been used in trials studying the treatment and basic science of Insulin Resistance and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome."]], ["Isoproterenol hydrochloride", "CC(C)NCC(C1=CC(=C(C=C1)O)O)O.Cl", ["Isoproterenol hydrochloride is an odorless white crystalline powder. Slightly bitter taste. Aqueous solutions turn brownish-pink upon prolonged exposure to air. (NTP, 1992)", "DL-Isoprenaline hydrochloride is a member of catechols.", "Isoproterenol Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of isoproterenol, a synthetic catechol compound and potent beta adrenergic agonist with peripheral vasodilator, bronchodilator, and cardiac stimulating properties. Isoproterenol exerts its effect on the beta-1 adrenergic receptors in the myocardium, thereby increasing heart rate and cardiac output. In addition, isoproterenol acts on beta-2 adrenergic receptors in bronchiolar and vascular smooth muscle, thereby causing smooth muscle relaxation.", "Isopropyl analog of EPINEPHRINE; beta-sympathomimetic that acts on the heart, bronchi, skeletal muscle, alimentary tract, etc. It is used mainly as bronchodilator and heart stimulant."]], ["Dibenamine", "C1=CC=C(C=C1)CN(CCCl)CC2=CC=CC=C2", ["An alpha adrenergic antagonist."]], ["Neostigmine methylsulfate", "CN(C)C(=O)OC1=CC=CC(=C1)[N+](C)(C)C.COS(=O)(=O)[O-]", ["Neostigmine methyl sulfate is an arylammonium sulfate salt. It has a role as an EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor.", "A cholinesterase inhibitor used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis and to reverse the effects of muscle relaxants such as gallamine and tubocurarine. Neostigmine, unlike PHYSOSTIGMINE, does not cross the blood-brain barrier."]], ["N-(4-Methoxyphenyl)acetamide", "CC(=O)NC1=CC=C(C=C1)OC", ["Methacetin is a member of the class of acetamides that is paracetamol in which the hydrogen of phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by a methyl group. It is a member of acetamides and an aromatic ether. It is functionally related to a p-anisidine and a paracetamol.", "N-(4-Methoxyphenyl)acetamide is a natural product found in Streptomyces with data available."]], ["Carbachol", "C[N+](C)(C)CCOC(=O)N.[Cl-]", ["Prismatic crystals or powder. Odorless, but develops a faint odor of aliphatic amine upon standing in an open container. Cholinergic, parasympathomimetic, used chiefly in large animals, especially for colic in the horse. (EPA, 1998)", "Carbachol is an ammonium salt and a carbamate ester. It has a role as a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist, a muscarinic agonist, a non-narcotic analgesic, a cardiotonic drug and a miotic.", "Carbachol is a synthetic choline ester and a positively charged quaternary ammonium compound. Carbachol is a parasympathomimetic that mimics the effect of acetylcholine on both the muscarinic and nicotinic receptors. This drug is administered ocularly to induce miosis to reduce intraocular pressure in the treatment of glaucoma. Carbachol is also used to stimulate micturition by contraction of detrusor muscle. This drug may cause hypotension, bradycardia, nausea, vomiting, bronchospasm, and abdominal cramps.", "A slowly hydrolyzed CHOLINERGIC AGONIST that acts at both MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS and NICOTINIC RECEPTORS."]], ["Norethindrone acetate", "CC(=O)O[C@]1(CC[C@@H]2[C@@]1(CC[C@H]3[C@H]2CCC4=CC(=O)CC[C@H]34)C)C#C", ["Norethisterone acetate is a 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is norethisterone in which the hydroxy group has been converted to its acetate ester. It has a role as a synthetic oral contraceptive and a progestin. It is a 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid, a terminal acetylenic compound and an acetate ester. It is functionally related to a norethisterone.", "Norethindrone Acetate is the orally bioavailable acetate salt of norethindrone, a synthetic progestin with some anabolic, estrogenic, and androgenic activities. As do all progestins, norethindrone binds to and activates nuclear progesterone receptors (PRs) in target tissues such as the pituitary and reproductive system; ligand-receptor complexes are translocated to the nucleus where they bind to progesterone response elements (PREs) located on target genes, followed by various transcriptional events and histone acetylation. Physiological effects include the inhibition of luteinizing hormone (LH) release, an increase in the endometrial luteal-phase, and alterations in endocervical mucus secretion.", "Acetate ester of norethindrone that is used as a long-term contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS)."]], ["Spironolactone", "CC(=O)S[C@@H]1CC2=CC(=O)CC[C@@]2([C@@H]3[C@@H]1[C@@H]4CC[C@]5([C@]4(CC3)C)CCC(=O)O5)C", ["Spironolactone is a steroid lactone that is 17alpha-pregn-4-ene-21,17-carbolactone substituted by an oxo group at position 3 and an alpha-acetylsulfanyl group at position 7. It has a role as a diuretic, an aldosterone antagonist, an antihypertensive agent, an environmental contaminant and a xenobiotic. It is a steroid lactone, an oxaspiro compound, a thioester and a 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid.", "Spironolactone is a potassium sparing diuretic like [eplerenone] that competitively inhibits mineralocorticoid receptors in the distal convoluted tubule to promote sodium and water excretion and potassium retention. Spironolactone was originally developed purely for this ability before other pharmacodynamic properties of the drug were discovered. It is indicated to treat a number of conditions including heart failure, deem, hyperaldosteronism, adrenal hyperplasia, hypertension, and nephrotic syndrome. Off label uses of spironolactone involving its antiandrogenic activity include hirsutism, female pattern hair loss, and adult acne vulgaris. Spironolactone is also frequently used in medical gender transition.  Spironolactone was developed in 1957, marketed in 1959, and approved by the FDA on January 21, 1960.", "Spironolactone is an Aldosterone Antagonist. The mechanism of action of spironolactone is as an Aldosterone Antagonist.", "Spironolactone is an aldosterone receptor antagonist and potassium-sparing diuretic widely used in the therapy of edema, particularly in patients with cirrhosis in which hyperaldosteronism appears to play a major role. Spironolactone has been linked to rare cases of clinically apparent drug induced liver disease.", "Spironolactone is a synthetic 17-spironolactone corticosteroid with potassium-sparing diuretic, antihypertensive, and antiandrogen activities.Spironolactone competitively inhibits adrenocortical hormone aldosterone activity in the distal renal tubules, myocardium, and vasculature. This agent may inhibit the pathophysiologic effects of aldosterone produced in excess by various types of malignant and benign tumors.", "A potassium sparing diuretic that acts by antagonism of aldosterone in the distal renal tubules. It is used mainly in the treatment of refractory edema in patients with congestive heart failure, nephrotic syndrome, or hepatic cirrhosis. Its effects on the endocrine system are utilized in the treatments of hirsutism and acne but they can lead to adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p827)", "A potassium sparing diuretic that acts by antagonism of aldosterone in the distal renal tubules. It is used mainly in the treatment of refractory edema in patients with congestive heart failure, nephrotic syndrome, or hepatic cirrhosis. Its effects on the endocrine system are utilized in the treatments of hirsutism and acne but they can lead to adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p827)"]], ["Prednisolone acetate", "CC(=O)OCC(=O)[C@]1(CC[C@@H]2[C@@]1(C[C@@H]([C@H]3[C@H]2CCC4=CC(=O)C=C[C@]34C)O)C)O", ["Prednisolone acetate is a corticosteroid hormone.", "Prednisolone acetate is a [prednisolone] molecule bound to an acetate functional group by an ester bond.  Prednisolone acetate was granted FDA approval in 1955.", "Prednisolone acetate is a natural product found in Rehmannia glutinosa with data available.", "Prednisolone Acetate is the acetate salt form of prednisolone, a synthetic glucocorticoid with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating properties. As a glucocorticoid receptor agonist, prednisolone acetate binds to specific intracellular glucocorticoid receptors, and causes the ligand-receptor complex to be translocated to the nucleus where it initiates the transcription of glucocorticoid-responsive genes such as various cytokines and lipocortins. Lipocortins inhibit phospholipase A2, thereby blocking the release of arachidonic acid from membrane phospholipids and preventing the synthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes, both potent mediators of inflammation. This agent also decreases the number of circulating lymphocytes, induces cell differentiation, and stimulates apoptosis in sensitive tumor cell populations."]], ["Aldosterone", "C[C@]12CCC(=O)C=C1CC[C@@H]3[C@@H]2[C@H](C[C@]4([C@H]3CC[C@@H]4C(=O)CO)C=O)O", ["Aldosterone is a pregnane-based steroidal hormone produced by the outer-section (zona glomerulosa) of the adrenal cortex in the adrenal gland, and acts on the distal tubules and collecting ducts of the kidney to cause the conservation of sodium, secretion of potassium, increased water retention, and increased blood pressure. The overall effect of aldosterone is to increase reabsorption of ions and water in the kidney. It has a role as a human metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is an 11beta-hydroxy steroid, a 21-hydroxy steroid, a 18-oxo steroid, a 20-oxo steroid, a C21-steroid hormone, a steroid aldehyde, a 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid, a primary alpha-hydroxy ketone and a mineralocorticoid. It derives from a hydride of a pregnane.", "A hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex that regulates electrolyte and water balance by increasing the renal retention of sodium and the excretion of potassium.", "Aldosterone is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).", "Aldosterone is a natural product found in Homo sapiens with data available.", "Aldosterone is a mineralocorticoid hormone produced by aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) in the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex. Aldosterone binds to mineralocorticoid receptors (MR; NR3C2) and MR-aldosterone complexes regulate the expression of genes involved in the retention of sodium, the secretion of potassium, and water reabsorption, all of which may result increased blood pressure.", "A hormone secreted by the ADRENAL CORTEX that regulates electrolyte and water balance by increasing the renal retention of sodium and the excretion of potassium."]], ["Apholate", "C1CN1P2(=NP(=NP(=N2)(N3CC3)N4CC4)(N5CC5)N6CC6)N7CC7", ["Apholate is a member of the class of aziridines that is 1,3,5,2,4,6-triazatriphosphinine substituted by aziridin-1-yl groups at positions 2,2,4,4,6, and 6. It is an insect sterilant. It has a role as an insect sterilant and an alkylating agent. It is a member of aziridines and a ring assembly. It is functionally related to a 1,3,5,2,4,6-triazatriphosphinine."]], ["Pentolinium", "C[N+]1(CCCC1)CCCCC[N+]2(CCCC2)C", ["Pentolinium ion is a dication whose structure comprises a pentane backbone linking two 1-methylpyrrolidinium groups; a nicotinic antagonist used as a ganglionic blocking agent in hypertension. It contains a pyrrolidinium ion.", "Pentolinium is a nicotinic antagonist that has been used as a ganglionic blocking agent in hypertension.", "A nicotinic antagonist that has been used as a ganglionic blocking agent in hypertension."]], ["Tetrahydrocortisone", "C[C@]12CC[C@H](C[C@H]1CC[C@@H]3[C@@H]2C(=O)C[C@]4([C@H]3CC[C@@]4(C(=O)CO)O)C)O", ["Urocortisone is a 21-hydroxy steroid."]], ["Paramethasone", "C[C@@H]1C[C@H]2[C@@H]3C[C@@H](C4=CC(=O)C=C[C@@]4([C@H]3[C@H](C[C@@]2([C@]1(C(=O)CO)O)C)O)C)F", ["Paramethasone is a fluorinated steroid.", "A glucocorticoid with the general properties of corticosteroids. It has been used by mouth in the treatment of all conditions in which corticosteroid therapy is indicated except adrenal-deficiency states for which its lack of sodium-retaining properties makes it less suitable than hydrocortisone with supplementary fludrocortisone. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p737)", "A glucocorticoid with the general properties of corticosteroids. It has been used by mouth in the treatment of all conditions in which corticosteroid therapy is indicated except adrenal-deficiency states for which its lack of sodium-retaining properties makes it less suitable than HYDROCORTISONE with supplementary FLUDROCORTISONE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p737)"]], ["Fluprednisolone", "C[C@]12C[C@@H]([C@H]3[C@H]([C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(C(=O)CO)O)C[C@@H](C4=CC(=O)C=C[C@]34C)F)O", ["6alpha-Fluoroprednisolone is a fluorinated steroid.", "A synthetic glucocorticoid with anti-inflammatory properties.", "A synthetic glucocorticoid with anti-inflammatory properties."]], ["Etiocholanolone", "C[C@]12CC[C@H](C[C@H]1CC[C@@H]3[C@@H]2CC[C@]4([C@H]3CCC4=O)C)O", ["3alpha-hydroxy-5beta-androstan-17-one is an androstanoid that is 5beta-androstane substituted by an alpha-hydroxy group at position 3 and an oxo group at position 17. It is a metabolite of testosterone in mammals. It has a role as a human metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a 3alpha-hydroxy steroid, a 17-oxo steroid and an androstanoid. It derives from a hydride of a 5beta-androstane.", "Etiocholanolone is a natural product found in Homo sapiens with data available.", "Etiocholanolone is a 17-ketosteroid which excreted in the urine as a metabolite of steroid hormones. The most common form of etiocholanolone present in the urine is the sulfate salt. This agent, also known as 5-isoandrosterone, may be used to evaluate adrenal cortex function, bone marrow performance and, in neoplastic disease, for immunostimulation.  (NCI04)", "The 5-beta-reduced isomer of ANDROSTERONE. Etiocholanolone is a major metabolite of TESTOSTERONE and ANDROSTENEDIONE in many mammalian species including humans. It is excreted in the URINE."]], ["Procaine penicillin G", "CCN(CC)CCOC(=O)C1=CC=C(C=C1)N.CC1([C@@H](N2[C@H](S1)[C@@H](C2=O)NC(=O)CC3=CC=CC=C3)C(=O)O)C", ["Procaine benzylpenicillin (INN), also known as procaine G penicillin, is an injectable antiobiotic. It is a poorly soluble salt form of penicillin which is a combination of naturally occuring benzylpenicillin (penicillin G) and the local anaesthetic agent procaine in equimolar amounts. Procaine benzylpenicillin is administered by deep intramuscular injection. It is slowly absorbed and hydrolyzed to benzylpenicillin. This drug is used where prolonged exposure to benzylpenicillin at a low concentration is required. This combination is aimed at reducing the pain and discomfort associated with a large intramuscular injection of penicillin. It is widely used in veterinary settings. Benzylpenicillin is active against a wide range of organisms and is the drug of first choice for many infections."]], ["Penicillin G", "CC1([C@@H](N2[C@H](S1)[C@@H](C2=O)NC(=O)CC3=CC=CC=C3)C(=O)O)C", ["Benzylpenicillin is a penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a phenylacetamido group. It has a role as an antibacterial drug, an epitope and a drug allergen. It is a penicillin allergen and a penicillin. It is a conjugate acid of a benzylpenicillin(1-).", "Benzylpenicillin (Penicillin G) is narrow spectrum antibiotic used to treat infections caused by susceptible bacteria. It is a natural penicillin antibiotic that is administered intravenously or intramuscularly due to poor oral absorption. Penicillin G may also be used in some cases as prophylaxis against susceptible organisms.   Natural penicillins are considered the drugs of choice for several infections caused by susceptible gram positive aerobic organisms, such as *Streptococcus pneumoniae*, groups A, B, C and G streptococci, nonenterococcal group D streptococci, viridans group streptococci, and non-penicillinase producing staphylococcus. Aminoglycosides may be added for synergy against group B streptococcus (*S. agalactiae*), *S. viridans*, and *Enterococcus faecalis*. The natural penicillins may also be used as first or second line agents against susceptible gram positive aerobic bacilli such as *Bacillus anthracis*, *Corynebacterium diphtheriae*, and *Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae*. Natural penicillins have limited activity against gram negative organisms; however, they may be used in some cases to treat infections caused by *Neisseria meningitidis* and *Pasteurella*. They are not generally used to treat anaerobic infections. Resistance patterns, susceptibility and treatment guidelines vary across regions.", "Penicillin g is a Penicillin-class Antibacterial.", "Penicillin G is a natural product found in Hohenbuehelia grisea, Streptomyces clavuligerus, and other organisms with data available.", "Penicillin G is a broad-spectrum, beta-lactam naturally occurring penicillin antibiotic with antibacterial activity. Penicillin G binds to and inactivates the penicillin binding proteins (PBPs) located inside the bacterial cell wall. Inactivation of PBPs interferes with the cross-linkage of peptidoglycan chains necessary for bacterial cell wall strength and rigidity. This interrupts bacterial cell wall synthesis and results in the weakening of the bacterial cell wall and eventually causing cell lysis.", "A penicillin derivative commonly used in the form of its sodium or potassium salts in the treatment of a variety of infections. It is effective against most gram-positive bacteria and against gram-negative cocci. It has also been used as an experimental convulsant because of its actions on GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID mediated synaptic transmission."]], ["Metaraminol", "C[C@@H]([C@@H](C1=CC(=CC=C1)O)O)N", ["Metaraminol is a member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is 2-amino-1-phenylethanol substituted by a methyl group at position 2 and a phenolic hydroxy group at position 1. A sympathomimetic agent , it is used in the treatment of hypotension. It has a role as an alpha-adrenergic agonist, a sympathomimetic agent and a vasoconstrictor agent.", "An adrenergic agonist that acts predominantly at alpha adrenergic receptors and also stimulates the release of norepinephrine. It has been used primarily as a vasoconstrictor in the treatment of hypotension.", "A sympathomimetic agent that acts predominantly at alpha-1 adrenergic receptors. It has been used primarily as a vasoconstrictor in the treatment of HYPOTENSION."]], ["Pilocarpine hydrochloride", "CC[C@H]1[C@H](COC1=O)CC2=CN=CN2C.Cl", ["Pilocarpine hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt of (+)-pilocarpine, a medication used to treat increased pressure inside the eye and dry mouth. It contains a (+)-pilocarpine.", "Pilocarpine Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt of a natural alkaloid extracted from plants of the genus Pilocarpus with cholinergic agonist activity. As a cholinergic parasympathomimetic agent, pilocarpine predominantly binds to muscarinic receptors, thereby inducing exocrine gland secretion and stimulating smooth muscle in the bronchi, urinary tract, biliary tract, and intestinal tract. When applied topically to the eye, this agent stimulates the sphincter pupillae to contract, resulting in miosis; stimulates the ciliary muscle to contract, resulting in spasm of accomodation; and may cause a transitory rise in intraocular pressure followed by a more persistent fall due to opening of the trabecular meshwork and an increase in the outflow of aqueous humor.", "A slowly hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Pilocarpine is used as a miotic and in the treatment of glaucoma."]], ["Pentetrazol", "C1CCC2=NN=NN2CC1", ["Pentetrazol appears as white crystalline powder or granular solid with a slightly pungent odor. Bitter taste. Aqueous solutions neutral to litmus. (NTP, 1992)", "Pentetrazol is an organic heterobicyclic compound that is 1H-tetrazole in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 5 are replaced by a pentane-1,5-diyl group. A central and respiratory stimulant, it was formerly used for the treatment of cough and other respiratory tract disorders, cardiovascular disorders including hypotension, and pruritis. It is an organic heterobicyclic compound and an organonitrogen heterocyclic compound.", "Pentetrazol, also known as pentylenetetrazole, is a gamma-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptor antagonist that was approved by the FDA until 1982.", "A pharmaceutical agent that displays activity as a central nervous system and respiratory stimulant. It is considered a non-competitive GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID antagonist. Pentylenetetrazole has been used experimentally to study seizure phenomenon and to identify pharmaceuticals that may control seizure susceptibility."]], ["3,4-Diaminopyridine", "C1=CN=CC(=C1N)N", ["Amifampridine is an aminopyridine.", "Amifampridine, or 3,4-diaminopyridine (3,4-DAP), is a quaternary ammonium compound that blocks presynaptic potassium channels, and subsequently prolongs the action potential and increases presynaptic calcium concentrations. It was first discovered in Scotland in the 1970s and its clinical effectiveness for neuromuscular disorders, including Lambert\u2013Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS), has been investigated in the 1980s. Amifampridine phosphate is a more stable salt that serves as an active ingredient of EMA-approved Firdapse, which was previously marketed as Zenas. It is currently used as the first-line symptomatic treatment for LEMS in adult patients and is ideally given as oral tablets in divided doses, three or four times a day. Firdapse (amifampridine) was formally approved by the US FDA for the treatment of adults with LEMS as recently as November of 2018.  LEMS is a rare auto-immune disorder of the neuromuscular junction that is characterized by proximal muscle weakness, depressed tendon reflexes, and posttetanic potentiation in addition to autonomic dysfunction. About 50-60% of the patients develop more rapidly progressive LEMS and small cell lung cancer, which influences the prognosis. Patients with LEMS develop serum antibodies against presynaptic P/Q-type voltage-gated calcium channels, leading to decreased presynaptic calcium levels and reduced quantal release of acetylcholine, which is mainly responsible for causing symptoms of LEMS. Reduced acetylcholine release at the neuromuscular junction leads to decreased frequency of miniature endplate potentials of normal amplitude, and insufficient acetylcholine levels for the activation of postsynaptic muscle fibers following a single nerve impulse. This leads to the reduction of the compound muscle action potential (CMAP). Treatment for LEMS include immunotherapy such as conventional immunosuppression or intravenous immunoglobulins, however such treatments are recommended in patients in whom symptomatic treatment would not suffice. Amifampridine is the nonimmune treatment options for LEMS.   In phase III clinical trials of adult patients with LEMS, treatment of amifampridine significantly improved symptoms of LEMS compared to placebo with good tolerance. It was demonstrated in clinical studies involving healthy volunteers that the pharmacokinetics and systemic exposure to amifampridine is affected by the genetic differences in N-acetyl-transferase (NAT) enzymes (acetylator phenotype) and NAT2 genotype, which is subject to genetic variation. Slow acetylators were at higher risk for experiencing drug-associated adverse reactions, such as paresthesias, nausea, and headache.", "Amifampridine is a Potassium Channel Blocker. The mechanism of action of amifampridine is as a Potassium Channel Antagonist.", "Amifampridine is an orally available potassium channel blocker that increases acetylcholine in synaptic clefts of peripheral nerve endings and is used to treat the Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome. Amifampridine is associated with a low rate of transient serum enzyme elevations during therapy but has not been linked with instances of clinically apparent acute liver injury.", "Amifampridine is an organic compound derived from pyridine with potassium channel inhibition activity. Amifampridine inhibits potassium channel efflux, increasing the duration of the action potential, which results in an increase in the duration of calcium channel opening and enhanced acetylcholine (ACh) release. Increased ACh availability at the motor end plate allows muscles to contract.", "4-Aminopyridine derivative that acts as a POTASSIUM CHANNEL blocker to increase release of ACETYLCHOLINE from nerve terminals. It is used in the treatment of CONGENITAL MYASTHENIC SYNDROMES."]], ["Isonicotinic acid", "C1=CN=CC=C1C(=O)O", ["Isonicotinic acid is a pyridinemonocarboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is at position 4 of the pyridine ring. It has a role as a human metabolite and an algal metabolite. It is a conjugate acid of an isonicotinate.", "Isonicotinic acid is a natural product found in Aloe africana, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, and other organisms with data available.", "Heterocyclic acids that are derivatives of 4-pyridinecarboxylic acid (isonicotinic acid)."]], ["Pheniprazine", "CC(CC1=CC=CC=C1)NN", ["Pheniprazine is a member of amphetamines.", "Pheniprazine is an irreversible and nonselective monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) of the hydrazine chemical class that was used as an antidepressant in the 1960s. In addition, it was used for the treatment of other conditions, such as angina pectoris and schizophrenia. Pheniprazine was withdrawn by its manufacturer due to its ability to cause toxicity in the liver and its ability to cause optic neuritis."]], ["Biguanide", "C(=NC(=N)N)(N)N", ["Biguanide is a member of guanidines.", "Biguanide has been investigated for the treatment of Diabetes Mellitus.", "Derivatives of biguanide (the structure formula HN(C(NH)NH2)2) that are primarily used as oral HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENTS for the treatment of DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2 and PREDIABETES."]], ["Quinaglute", "COC1=CC2=C(C=CN=C2C=C1)[C@@H]([C@H]3CC4CCN3C[C@@H]4C=C)O", ["Quinaglute is a cinchona alkaloid.", "Quinidine Sulfate is the sulfate salt form of quinidine, an alkaloid with antimalarial and antiarrhythmic (Class la) properties. Quinidine sulfate exerts its anti-malarial activity by acting primarily as an intra-erythrocytic schizonticide through association with the hemepolymer (hemozoin) in the acidic food vacuole of the parasite thereby preventing further polymerization by heme polymerase enzyme. This results in accumulation of toxic heme and death of the parasite. Quinidine sulfate exerts its antiarrhythmic effects by depressing the flow of sodium ions into cells during phase 0 of the cardiac action potential, thereby slowing the impulse conduction through the atrioventricular (AV) node, reducing the rate of phase 0 depolarization and prolonging the refractory period. Quinidine sulfate also reduces the slope of phase 4 depolarization in Purkinje-fibres resulting in slowed conduction and reduced automaticity in the heart."]], ["Demecarium bromide", "CN(CCCCCCCCCCN(C)C(=O)OC1=CC=CC(=C1)[N+](C)(C)C)C(=O)OC2=CC=CC(=C2)[N+](C)(C)C.[Br-].[Br-]", ["Demecarium bromide is the methobromide salt of the N,N'-bis[3-(dimethylamino)phenyl carbamate] derivative of 2,13-diazatetradecane. It is an inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase and pseudocholinesterase, with a long duration of action. It is used in the treatment of chronic open-angle glaucoma: in the eye, it causes constriction of the iris sphincter muscle and the ciliary muscle, facilitating the outflow of the aqueous humor and so reducing intraocular pressure. It has a role as an EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor and an EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor. It is a quaternary ammonium salt, a bromide salt and a carbamate ester. It contains a demarcarium.", "Demecarium Bromide is the bromide salt form of demecarium, a quaternary ammonium compound and a long-acting cholinesterase inhibitor with parasympathomimetic activity. When used topically, demecarium inactivates both pseudocholinesterase and acetylcholinesterase, thereby preventing acetylcholine breakdown and increasing acetylcholine activity. This causes contraction of the iris sphincter muscle (producing miosis) and the ciliary muscle (affecting the accommodation reflex). In so doing, this agent increases the outflow of the aqueous humor, thereby reducing intraocular pressure."]], ["Demecarium", "CN(CCCCCCCCCCN(C)C(=O)OC1=CC=CC(=C1)[N+](C)(C)C)C(=O)OC2=CC=CC(=C2)[N+](C)(C)C", ["Demarcarium is the bis(quaternary ammonium) dication obtained by N,N'-dimethylation of the N,N'-bis[3-(dimethylamino)phenyl carbamate] derivative of 2,13-diazatetradecane. It is a quaternary ammonium ion and a carbamate ester.", "Demecarium is an indirect-acting parasympathomimetic agent that is used to treat glaucoma. It is a cholinesterase inhibitor or an anticholinesterase. Cholinesterase inhibitors prolong the effect of acetylcholine, which is released at the neuroeffector junction of parasympathetic postganglion nerves, by inactivating the cholinesterases that break it down. Demecarium inactivates both pseudocholinesterase and acetylcholinesterase. In the eye, this causes constriction of the iris sphincter muscle (causing miosis) and the ciliary muscle. The outflow of the aqueous humor is facilitated, which leads to a reduction in intraocular pressure.", "Demecarium is a quaternary ammonium compound that serves as a long-acting cholinesterase inhibitor with parasympathomimetic activity. When used topically, demecarium inactivates both pseudocholinesterase and acetylcholinesterase, thereby preventing acetylcholine breakdown and increasing acetylcholine activity. This causes contraction of the iris sphincter muscle (producing miosis) and the ciliary muscle (affecting the accommodation reflex). In so doing, this agent increases the outflow of the aqueous humor, thereby reducing intraocular pressure."]], ["Chlorhexidine acetate", "CC(=O)O.CC(=O)O.C1=CC(=CC=C1NC(=NC(=NCCCCCCN=C(N)N=C(N)NC2=CC=C(C=C2)Cl)N)N)Cl", ["A disinfectant and topical anti-infective agent used also as mouthwash to prevent oral plaque."]], ["DL-Carnitine hydrochloride", "C[N+](C)(C)CC(CC(=O)O)O.[Cl-]", ["A constituent of STRIATED MUSCLE and LIVER. It is an amino acid derivative and an essential cofactor for fatty acid metabolism."]], ["Cyanide ion", "[C-]#N", ["Aqueous solutions with a faint odor of bitter almonds. Toxic by skin absorption, by ingestion, and inhalation of the hydrogen cyanide from the decomposition of the material. Toxic oxides of nitrogen are produced in fires involving this material. Obtain the technical name of the material from the shipping papers and contact CHEMTREC, 800-424-9300 for specific response information.", "Generally white crystals or powders but possibly colored Toxic by skin absorption through open wounds, by ingestion, and inhalation of the hydrogen cyanide from the decomposition of the material. Toxic oxides of nitrogen are produced in fires. Obtain the technical name of the material form the shipping papers and contact CHEMTREC, 800-424-9300 for specific response information.", "Cyanide is a pseudohalide anion that is the conjugate base of hydrogen cyanide. It has a role as an EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor. It is a conjugate base of a hydrogen cyanide and a hydrogen isocyanide.", "Cyanide is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).", "Cyanide is used in a number of industries and is found at low levels in air from car exhaust. Cyanide is extremely toxic to humans. Chronic (long-term) inhalation exposure of humans to cyanide results primarily in effects on the central nervous system (CNS). Other effects in humans include cardiovascular and respiratory effects, an enlarged thyroid gland, and irritation to the eyes and skin. No data are available on the carcinogenic effects of cyanide in humans via inhalation. Animal studies have suggested that oral exposure to cassava (a cyanide-containing vegetable) may be associated with malformations in the fetus and low fetal body weights. EPA has classified cyanide as a Group D, not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity.", "The cyanide ion consists of a carbon triple bonded to a nitrogen. It readily reacts with hydrogen to form hydrogen cyanide gas, which has a faint almond-like smell. Most people can smell hydrogen cyanide; however, due to an apparent genetic trait, some individuals cannot. Cyanide gas (HCN) can be generated via combustion, including the exhaust of internal combustion engines, tobacco smoke, and especially some plastics derived from acrylonitrile (because of the latter effect, house fires can result in poisonings of the inhabitants). Cyanides are also produced by certain bacteria, fungi, and algae and are found in a number of foods and plants. Small amounts of cyanide can be found in apple seeds, mangoes and bitter almonds. Hydrocyanic acid (a solution of hydrogen cyanide in water) is present in freshly distilled bitter almond oil (2-4%) prior to its removal by precipitation as calcium ferrocyanide to give food quality oil. Hydrogen cyanide and most cyanide salts readily dissolve in water (or other biofluids) and exists in solution as the cyanide ion. Cyanide ions bind to the iron atom of the enzyme cytochrome c oxidase (also known as aa3) in the fourth complex in the mitochondrial membrane in the mitochondria of cells. The binding of cyanide to this cytochrome prevents transport of electrons from cytochrome c oxidase to oxygen. As a result, the electron transport chain is disrupted, meaning that the cell can no longer aerobically produce ATP for energy. Tissues that mainly depend on aerobic respiration, such as the central nervous system and the heart, are particularly affected. Because of its respiratory chain toxicity cyanide has been used as a poison many times throughout history. Its most infamous application was the use of hydrogen cyanide by the Nazi regime in Germany for mass murder in some gas chambers during the Holocaust. Hydrogen cyanide (with the historical common name of Prussic acid) is a colorless and highly volatile liquid that boils slightly above room temperature at 26 &deg;C (78.8 &deg;F). Hydrogen cyanide is weakly acidic and partly ionizes in solution to give the cyanide anion, CN-. The salts of hydrogen cyanide are known as cyanides. HCN is a highly valuable precursor to many chemical compounds ranging from polymers to pharmaceuticals. Hydrogen cyanide is a linear molecule, with a triple bond between carbon and nitrogen. It is a weak acid with a pKa of 9.2. A minor tautomer of HCN is HNC, hydrogen isocyanide.", "Cyanide is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.", "Inorganic salts of HYDROGEN CYANIDE containing the -CN radical. The concept also includes isocyanides. It is distinguished from NITRILES, which denotes organic compounds containing the -CN radical."]], ["Vincristine", "CC[C@@]1(C[C@@H]2C[C@@](C3=C(CCN(C2)C1)C4=CC=CC=C4N3)(C5=C(C=C6C(=C5)[C@]78CCN9[C@H]7[C@@](C=CC9)([C@H]([C@@]([C@@H]8N6C=O)(C(=O)OC)O)OC(=O)C)CC)OC)C(=O)OC)O", ["Vincristine appears as a white crystalline solid. Melting point 218 \u00b0C. Used as an antineoplastic.", "Vincristine is a vinca alkaloid with formula C46H56N4O10 found in the Madagascar periwinkle, Catharanthus roseus. It is used (commonly as the corresponding sulfate salt)as a chemotherapy drug for the treatment of leukaemia, lymphoma, myeloma, breast cancer and head and neck cancer. It has a role as a tubulin modulator, a microtubule-destabilising agent, a plant metabolite, an antineoplastic agent and a drug. It is a methyl ester, an acetate ester, a tertiary alcohol, a member of formamides, an organic heteropentacyclic compound, an organic heterotetracyclic compound, a tertiary amino compound and a vinca alkaloid. It is a conjugate base of a vincristine(2+). It derives from a hydride of a vincaleukoblastine.", "Vincristine is a natural product found in Ophioparma ventosa, Cunila, and other organisms with data available.", "Vincristine is a natural alkaloid isolated from the plant Vinca rosea Linn. Vincristine binds irreversibly to microtubules and spindle proteins in S phase of the cell cycle and interferes with the formation of the mitotic spindle, thereby arresting tumor cells in metaphase. This agent also depolymerizes microtubules and may also interfere with amino acid, cyclic AMP, and glutathione metabolism; calmodulin-dependent Ca++ -transport ATPase activity; cellular respiration; and nucleic acid and lipid biosynthesis. (NCI04)", "Vincristine is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is an antitumor alkaloid isolated from Vinca Rosea. (Merck, 11th ed.) The antitumor activity of Vincristine is thought to be due primarily to inhibition of mitosis at metaphase through its interaction with tubulin. Like other vinca alkaloids, Vincristine may also interfere with: 1) amino acid, cyclic AMP, and glutathione metabolism, 2) calmodulin-dependent Ca<sup>2+</sup>-transport ATPase activity, 3) cellular respiration, and 4) nucleic acid and lipid biosynthesis. Vincristine is indicated for the treatment of acute leukaemia, malignant lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease, acute erythraemia, and acute panmyelosis. Vincristine sulfate is often chosen as part of polychemotherapy because of lack of significant bone marrow suppression (at recommended doses) and of unique clinical toxicity (neuropathy). ", "An antitumor alkaloid isolated from VINCA ROSEA. (Merck, 11th ed.)"]], ["Ethinyl estradiol", "C[C@]12CC[C@H]3[C@H]([C@@H]1CC[C@]2(C#C)O)CCC4=C3C=CC(=C4)O", ["Ethinylestradiol is a fine white to creamy white powder. A synthetic steroid. Used in combination with progestogen as an oral contraceptive.", "17alpha-ethynylestradiol is a 3-hydroxy steroid that is estradiol substituted by a ethynyl group at position 17. It is a xenoestrogen synthesized from estradiol and has been shown to exhibit high estrogenic potency on oral administration. It has a role as a xenoestrogen. It is a 17-hydroxy steroid, a terminal acetylenic compound and a 3-hydroxy steroid. It is functionally related to a 17beta-estradiol and an estradiol.", "Ethinylestradiol was first synthesized in 1938 by Hans Herloff Inhoffen and Walter Hohlweg at Schering. It was developed in an effort to create an estrogen with greater oral bioavailability. These properties were achieved by the substitution of an ethinyl group at carbon 17 of [estradiol]. Ethinylestradiol soon replaced [mestranol] in contraceptive pills.  Ethinylestradiol was granted FDA approval on 25 June 1943.", "Ethinyl estradiol is an Estrogen. The mechanism of action of ethinyl estradiol is as an Estrogen Receptor Agonist.", "Ethinyl estradiol is a natural product found in Origanum syriacum, Origanum sipyleum, and other organisms with data available.", "Ethinyl Estradiol is a semisynthetic estrogen. Ethinyl estradiol binds to the estrogen receptor complex and enters the nucleus, activating DNA transcription of genes involved in estrogenic cellular responses. This agent also inhibits 5-alpha reductase in epididymal tissue, which lowers testosterone levels and may delay progression of prostatic cancer. In addition to its antineoplastic effects, ethinyl estradiol protects against osteoporosis. In animal models, short-term therapy with this agent has been shown to provide long-term protection against breast cancer, mimicking the antitumor effects of pregnancy. (NCI04)", "A semisynthetic alkylated estradiol with a 17-alpha-ethinyl substitution. It has high estrogenic potency when administered orally and is often used as the estrogenic component in oral contraceptives . Ethinyl estradiol is marketed mostly as a combination oral contraceptive under several brand names such as Alesse, Tri-Cyclen, Triphasil, and Yasmin. The FDA label includes a black box warning that states that combination oral contraceptives should not be used in women over 35 years old who smoke due to the increased risk of serious cardiovascular side effects. ", "A semisynthetic alkylated ESTRADIOL with a 17-alpha-ethinyl substitution. It has high estrogenic potency when administered orally, and is often used as the estrogenic component in ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES."]], ["Testosterone propionate", "CCC(=O)O[C@H]1CC[C@@H]2[C@@]1(CC[C@H]3[C@H]2CCC4=CC(=O)CC[C@]34C)C", ["Testosterone propionate appears as odorless white or yellowish-white crystals or a white or creamy-white crystalline powder. (NTP, 1992)", "Testosterone propionate is a steroid ester.", "Testosterone propionate is a slower-releasing anabolic steroid with a short half-life. It is a synthetic androstane steroid derivative of testosterone in the form of 17\u03b2 propionate ester of testosterone. Testosterone propionate was developed initially by Watson labs, and FDA approved on February 5, 1974. Currently, this drug has been discontinued in humans, but the vet application is still available as an OTC.", "Testosterone Propionate is a short acting oil-based injectable formulation of testosterone.  Testosterone inhibits gonadotropin secretion from the pituitary gland and ablates estrogen production in the ovaries, thereby decreasing endogenous estrogen levels.  In addition, this agent promotes the maintenance of male sex characteristics and is indicated for testosterone replacement in hypogonadal males. (NCI04)", "An ester of testosterone with a propionate substitution at the 17-beta position. ", "An ester of TESTOSTERONE with a propionate substitution at the 17-beta position."]], ["Cholesterol", "C[C@H](CCCC(C)C)[C@H]1CC[C@@H]2[C@@]1(CC[C@H]3[C@H]2CC=C4[C@@]3(CC[C@@H](C4)O)C)C", ["Cholesterol is a cholestanoid consisting of cholestane having a double bond at the 5,6-position as well as a 3beta-hydroxy group. It has a role as a human metabolite, a mouse metabolite, a Daphnia galeata metabolite and an algal metabolite. It is a 3beta-sterol, a cholestanoid, a C27-steroid and a 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid.", "The principal sterol of all higher animals, distributed in body tissues, especially the brain and spinal cord, and in animal fats and oils.", "Cholesterol is a natural product found in Haplophyllum bucharicum, Bugula neritina, and other organisms with data available.", "Cholesterol is an animal sterol found in the body tissues (and blood plasma) of vertebrates. It can be found in large concentrations within the liver, spinal cord, and brain. Cholesterol is an important component of the membranes of cells, providing stability. It is the major precursor for the synthesis of vitamin D, of the various steroid hormones, including cortisol, cortisone, and aldosterone in the adrenal glands, and of the sex hormones progesterone, estrogen, and testosterone.  Cholesterol also has an important role for the brain synapses as well as in the immune system.  In conditions featuring elevated low density lipoproteins (LDL), cholesterol often forms plaque deposits in the walls of arteries, a condition known as atherosclerosis, which is a major contributor to coronary heart disease and other forms of cardiovascular disease.", "The principal sterol of all higher animals, distributed in body tissues, especially the brain and spinal cord, and in animal fats and oils."]], ["Aminopyrine", "CC1=C(C(=O)N(N1C)C2=CC=CC=C2)N(C)C", ["Small colorless crystals or white crystalline powder. Aqueous solution slightly alkaline to litmus. pH (5% water solution) 7.5-9. Odorless. Slightly bitter taste. (NTP, 1992)", "Aminophenazone is a pyrazolone that is 1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one substituted by a dimethylamino group at position 4, methyl groups at positions 1 and 5 and a phenyl group at position 2. It exhibits analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It has a role as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, a non-narcotic analgesic, an antipyretic, an environmental contaminant and a xenobiotic. It is a tertiary amino compound and a pyrazolone.", "Aminophenazone is a pyrazolone with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties that carries a risk of agranulocytosis. In biomedical applications, radiolabelled (13C-labeled) aminophenazone has been used in breath tests to measure the cytochrome P-450 metabolic activity in liver function tests. The FDA suspended the use of aminophenazone due to its association with agranulocytosis, a life-threatening side effect.", "A pyrazolone with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties but has risk of AGRANULOCYTOSIS. A breath test with 13C-labeled aminopyrine has been used as a non-invasive measure of CYTOCHROME P-450 metabolic activity in LIVER FUNCTION TESTS."]], ["Methyltestosterone", "C[C@]12CCC(=O)C=C1CC[C@@H]3[C@@H]2CC[C@]4([C@H]3CC[C@]4(C)O)C", ["Methyltestosterone is a 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone bearing a methyl group at the 17alpha position. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent, an anabolic agent and an androgen. It is a 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid, a 17beta-hydroxy steroid and an enone. It is functionally related to a testosterone.", "A synthetic anabolic steroid used for treating men with testosterone deficiency or similar androgen replacement therapies. Also, has antineoplastic properties and so has been used secondarily in women with advanced breast cancer. Methyltestosterone is a schedule III drug in the US.", "Methyltestosterone is an Androgen. The mechanism of action of methyltestosterone is as an Androgen Receptor Agonist.", "Methyltestosterone is a methylated synthetic androgen receptor agonist with anabolic effects. Methyltestosterone, mimicking testosterone, binds to cytosolic androgen receptors, and the subsequent nuclear transfer of the ligand-receptor complex induces transcription initiation of androgen responsive genes. The gene products are responsible for normal growth and development of male sex organs and secondary sex characteristics. The agent also causes retention of nitrogen, sodium, potassium, phosphorus, as well as calcium.", "A synthetic anabolic steroid used for treating men with testosterone deficiency or similar androgen replacement therapies. Also, has antineoplastic properties and so has been used secondarily in women with advanced breast cancer. Methyltestosterone is a schedule III drug in the US.", "A synthetic hormone used for androgen replacement therapy and as an hormonal antineoplastic agent (ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS, HORMONAL)."]], ["Drostanolone", "C[C@@H]1C[C@]2([C@@H](CC[C@@H]3[C@@H]2CC[C@]4([C@H]3CC[C@@H]4O)C)CC1=O)C", ["Metholone is a 17beta-hydroxy steroid, an anabolic androgenic steroid and a 3-oxo-5alpha-steroid. It has a role as an anabolic agent and an antineoplastic agent.", "Drostanolone (also known as dromostanolone) is a potent synthetic androgenic anabolic steroid similar to testosterone. Drostanolone is indicated in postmenopausal women with recurrent breast cancer, in a combined hormone therapy.", "Dromostanolone is a synthetic anabolic steroid related to dihydrotestosterone that has antiestrogenic effects. Dromostanolone inhibits the growth of estrogen receptor-presenting breast cancers; its virilizing effects limit its clinical usefulness. (NCI04)", "Drostanolone  (also known as dromostanolone) is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a potent synthetic androgenic anabolic steroid similar to testosterone. Drostanolone is indicated in postmenopausal women with recurrent breast cancer, in a combined hormone therapy.Dromostanolone is a synthetic androgenic anabolic steroid and is approximately 5 times as potent as natural methyltestosterone. Like testosterone and other androgenic hormones, dromostanolone binds to the androgen receptor. This causes downstream genetic transcriptional changes. This ultimately causes retention of nitrogen, potassium, and phosphorus; increases protein anabolism; and decreases amino acid catabolism. The antitumour activity of dromostanolone appears related to reduction or competitive inhibition of prolactin receptors or estrogen receptors or production."]], ["Kanamycin", "C1[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]1N)O[C@@H]2[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O2)CN)O)O)O)O)O[C@@H]3[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O3)CO)O)N)O)N", ["Kanamycin A is a member of kanamycins. It has a role as a bacterial metabolite. It is a conjugate base of a kanamycin A(4+).", "Kanamycin (also known as kanamycin A) is an aminoglycoside bacteriocidal antibiotic, available in oral, intravenous, and intramuscular forms, and used to treat a wide variety of infections. Kanamycin is isolated from the bacterium Streptomyces kanamyceticus and its most commonly used form is kanamycin sulfate.", "Kanamycin is a natural product found in Hohenbuehelia grisea, Micromonospora harpali, and other organisms with data available.", "Kanamycin A is the major component of the kanamycin complex, an aminoglycoside antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces kanamyceticus, with antibacterial activity.", "Antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces kanamyceticus from Japanese soil. Comprises 3 components: kanamycin A, the major component, and kanamycins B and C, the minor components."]], ["Thiamine", "CC1=C(SC=[N+]1CC2=CN=C(N=C2N)C)CCO.[Cl-]", ["Thiamine(1+) chloride is a vitamin B1 and an organic chloride salt. It contains a thiamine(1+).", "Thiamine is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).", "Thiamine is a heat-labile and water-soluble essential vitamin, belonging to the vitamin B family, with antioxidant, erythropoietic, mood modulating, and glucose-regulating activities. Thiamine reacts with adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to form an active coenzyme, thiamine pyrophosphate. Thiamine pyrophosphate is necessary for the actions of pyruvate dehydrogenase and alpha-ketoglutarate in carbohydrate metabolism and for the actions of transketolase, an enzyme that plays an important role in the pentose phosphate pathway. Thiamine plays a key role in intracellular glucose metabolism and may inhibit the action of glucose and insulin on arterial smooth muscle cell proliferation. Thiamine may also protect against lead toxicity by inhibiting lead-induced lipid peroxidation.", "3-((4-Amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl)-5-(2- hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazolium chloride."]], ["Tolazoline hydrochloride", "C1CN=C(N1)CC2=CC=CC=C2.Cl", ["Tolazoline hydrochloride is a member of benzenes.", "A vasodilator that apparently has direct actions on blood vessels and also increases cardiac output. Tolazoline can interact to some degree with histamine, adrenergic, and cholinergic receptors, but the mechanisms of its therapeutic effects are not clear. It is used in treatment of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn."]], ["Tributyrin", "CCCC(=O)OCC(COC(=O)CCC)OC(=O)CCC", ["Tributyrin is a triglyceride obtained by formal acylation of the three hydroxy groups of glycerol by butyric acid. It has a role as an EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor, a protective agent, an apoptosis inducer, a prodrug and an antineoplastic agent. It is a triglyceride and a butyrate ester. It is functionally related to a butyric acid.", "Tributyrin has been used in trials studying the treatment of Prostate Cancer and Unspecified Adult Solid Tumor, Protocol Specific.", "Tributyrin is a natural product found in Euglena gracilis and Caenorhabditis elegans with data available."]], ["Acetylcholine chloride", "CC(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C.[Cl-]", ["Acetylcholine chloride is the chloride salt of acetylcholine, and a parasympatomimetic drug. It contains an acetylcholine.", "Acetylcholine Chloride is the chloride salt form of acetylcholine, a synthetic, quaternary amino alcohol with cholinergic properties. Acetylcholine chloride mimics the parasympathomimetic effect of the endogenous compound acetylcholine. Administered as an ophthalmic solution, this drug stimulates the cholinoceptors in the sphincter muscle of the iris, causing the pupil to constrict. (NCI05)", "A neurotransmitter found at neuromuscular junctions, autonomic ganglia, parasympathetic effector junctions, a subset of sympathetic effector junctions, and at many sites in the central nervous system."]], ["Methoxamine hydrochloride", "CC(C(C1=C(C=CC(=C1)OC)OC)O)N.Cl", ["Methoxamine hydrochloride is a dimethoxybenzene.", "An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist that causes prolonged peripheral VASOCONSTRICTION."]], ["Methoxamine", "CC(C(C1=C(C=CC(=C1)OC)OC)O)N", ["Methoxamine is an amphetamine in which the parent 1-phenylpropan-2-amine skeleton is substituted at position 1 with an hydroxy group and the phenyl ring is 2- and 5-substituted with methoxy groups. It is an antihypotensive agent (pressor), an agonist acting directly at alpha-adrenoceptors with selectivity for the alpha-1 adrenoceptor subtype similar to phenylephrine. It has a role as an antihypotensive agent and an alpha-adrenergic agonist.", "An alpha-adrenergic agonist that causes prolonged peripheral vasoconstriction. It has little if any direct effect on the central nervous system.", "Methoxamine is a natural product found in Lophophora williamsii with data available.", "An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist that causes prolonged peripheral VASOCONSTRICTION."]], ["N,N-Diethyltryptamine", "CCN(CC)CCC1=CNC2=CC=CC=C21", ["N,n-diethyltryptamine is a member of tryptamines.", "Diethyltryptamine (DET) is an orally active hallucinogenic agent and a substituted form of tryptamine."]], ["Niridazole", "C1CN(C(=O)N1)C2=NC=C(S2)[N+](=O)[O-]", ["Niridazole is a C-nitro compound and a member of 1,3-thiazoles.", "An antischistosomal agent that has become obsolete."]], ["Bretylium tosylate", "CC[N+](C)(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1Br.CC1=CC=C(C=C1)S(=O)(=O)[O-]", ["Bretylium tosylate is the tosylate salt of bretylium. It blocks noradrenaline release from the peripheral sympathetic nervous system, and is used in emergency medicine, cardiology, and other specialties for the acute management of ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation. It has a role as an adrenergic antagonist, an anti-arrhythmia drug and an antihypertensive agent. It is a quaternary ammonium salt and an organosulfonate salt. It contains a bretylium.", "Bretylium Tosylate is the tosylate salt form of bretylium, a quaternary ammonium salt and non-selective adrenergic neuronal blocking agent with anti-arrhythmic properties. Bretylium tosylate is selectively taken up into peripheral nerve terminals and initially causes a release of norepinephrine from sympathetic nerve endings, thereby causing a sympathomimetic effect. This is followed by a prolonged anti-adrenergic action which prevents further discharge of neurotransmitter from sympathetic nerve endings. Its myocardial effects include a prolongation of action potential as well as refractory period. This drug is used to treat and suppress ventricular arrhythmias, particularly ventricular fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia.", "An agent that blocks the release of adrenergic transmitters and may have other actions. It was formerly used as an antihypertensive agent, but is now proposed as an anti-arrhythmic."]], ["Gold thioglucose", "C([C@@H]1[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](O1)[S-])O)O)O)O.[Au+]", ["Aurothioglucose is a member of oxanes.", "Aurothioglucose, also known as gold thioglucose, was formerly used to treat rheumatoid arthritis.  Contemporary research on the effect of gold salts treatment began in 1935, primarily to reduce inflammation and to slow disease progression in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The use of gold compounds has decreased since the 1980s owing to numerous side effects, limited efficacy, and slow onset of action. Many if not most gold compounds that were indicated for rheumatoid arthritis therapy have since been replaced with the use of various current disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) like methotrexate and others, which are far more effective.", "A thioglucose derivative used as an antirheumatic and experimentally to produce obesity in animals."]], ["Calcium disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate", "C(CN(CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])N(CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-].[Na+].[Na+].[Ca+2]", ["Edetate Calcium Disodium is contracted name for a salt of ethylenediaminetetraacetate, an agent used as a chelator of lead and some other heavy metals. C10H12CaN2Na2O8."]], ["Methacholine chloride", "CC(C[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)C.[Cl-]", ["Methacholine chloride is a quaternary ammonium salt. It contains a methacholine.", "Methacholine Chloride is the chloride salt form of methacholine, a direct-acting cholinergic muscarinic agonist with bronchoconstrictive, miotic, vasodilator, and cardiac vagomimetic activity. Methacholine chloride acts directly on the muscarinic receptors in the heart, eye, and lung, thereby producing parasympathomimetic effects.", "A quaternary ammonium parasympathomimetic agent with the muscarinic actions of ACETYLCHOLINE. It is hydrolyzed by ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE at a considerably slower rate than ACETYLCHOLINE and is more resistant to hydrolysis by nonspecific CHOLINESTERASES so that its actions are more prolonged. It is used as a parasympathomimetic bronchoconstrictor agent and as a diagnostic aid for bronchial asthma. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1116)"]], ["Diphemanil", "C[N+]1(CCC(=C(C2=CC=CC=C2)C3=CC=CC=C3)CC1)C", ["4-(diphenylmethylene)-1,1-dimethylpiperidin-1-ium is a diarylmethane."]], ["Dibenzyline", "CC(COC1=CC=CC=C1)[NH+](CCCl)CC2=CC=CC=C2.[Cl-]", ["Phenoxybenzamine Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of phenoxybenzamine, a synthetic, dibenzamine alpha-adrenergic antagonist with antihypertensive and vasodilatory properties. Phenoxybenzamine non-selectively and irreversibly blocks the postsynaptic alpha-adrenergic receptor in smooth muscle, thereby preventing vasoconstriction, relieving vasospasms, and decreasing peripheral resistance. Reflex tachycardia may occur and may be enhanced by blockade of alpha-2 receptors which enhances norepinephrine release. Phenoxybenzamine is reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen.", "An alpha-adrenergic antagonist with long duration of action. It has been used to treat hypertension and as a peripheral vasodilator."]], ["Mebutamate", "CCC(C)C(C)(COC(=O)N)COC(=O)N", ["Mebutamate is an organic molecular entity.", "Mebutamate is a sedative and anxiolytic drug with anti-hypertensive (blood pressure lowering) effects comparable to those of other barbiturates but is only around 1/3rd the potency of secobarbital as a sedative. Side effects include dizziness and headaches."]], ["Desoxycortone", "C[C@]12CC[C@H]3[C@H]([C@@H]1CC[C@@H]2C(=O)CO)CCC4=CC(=O)CC[C@]34C", ["11-deoxycorticosterone is a mineralocorticoid that is progesterone substituted at position 21 by a hydroxy group. It has a role as a human metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a mineralocorticoid, a 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid, a 20-oxo steroid, a 21-hydroxy steroid and a primary alpha-hydroxy ketone. It is functionally related to a progesterone.", "Desoxycortone is a natural product found in Ilybiosoma seriatum, Abedus herberti, and other organisms with data available.", "Desoxycorticosterone is a C-21 steroid hormone synthesized by the adrenal gland that is a precursor for cortisol and aldosterone and has potential mineralocorticoid activity.", "Deoxycorticosterone is a steroid or mineralocorticoid secreted by the zona fasiculata of the adrenal cortex. Deoxycorticsterone acts as a precursor to aldosterone. Deoxycorticosterone is not a major secretory hormone. It is produced from progesterone by 21beta-hydroxylase and is converted to corticosterone by 11beta-hydroxylase. Corticosterone is then converted to aldosterone by aldosterone synthase. Deoxycorticosterone stimulates the collecting tubules in the kidney to continue to excrete potassium in much the same way that aldosterone does. Deoxycorticosterone has about 1/20 of the sodium retaining power of aldosterone and about 1/5 the potassium excreting power of aldosterone . Deoxycorticosterone can be used to treat adrenal insufficiency. In particular, desoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) is used as replacement therapy in Addison's disease.", "A steroid metabolite that is the 11-deoxy derivative of CORTICOSTERONE and the 21-hydroxy derivative of PROGESTERONE"]], ["Yohimbine hydrochloride", "COC(=O)[C@H]1[C@H](CC[C@@H]2[C@@H]1C[C@H]3C4=C(CCN3C2)C5=CC=CC=C5N4)O.Cl", ["A plant alkaloid with alpha-2-adrenergic blocking activity. Yohimbine has been used as a mydriatic and in the treatment of ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION."]], ["Gallamine triethiodide", "CC[N+](CC)(CC)CCOC1=C(C(=CC=C1)OCC[N+](CC)(CC)CC)OCC[N+](CC)(CC)CC.[I-].[I-].[I-]", ["A synthetic nondepolarizing blocking drug. The actions of gallamine triethiodide are similar to those of tubocurarine, but this agent blocks the cardiac vagus and may cause sinus tachycardia and, occasionally, hypertension and increased cardiac output. It should be used cautiously in patients at risk from increased heart rate but may be preferred for patients with bradycardia. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p198)", "A synthetic nondepolarizing blocking drug. The actions of gallamine triethiodide are similar to those of TUBOCURARINE, but this agent blocks the cardiac vagus and may cause sinus tachycardia and, occasionally, hypertension and increased cardiac output. It should be used cautiously in patients at risk from increased heart rate but may be preferred for patients with bradycardia. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p198)"]], ["Mebanazine", "CC(C1=CC=CC=C1)NN", ["Mebanazine is a member of benzenes.", "Mebanazine, also known as Actomol, is a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) belonging to the hydrazine class of chemicals. It was used in the past as an antidepressant in the 1960s, but has since been discontinued because of its hepatotoxic potential."]], ["Uracil mustard", "C1=C(C(=O)NC(=O)N1)N(CCCl)CCCl", ["Creamy white crystals or off-white powder. Used as an anti-cancer medicine.", "5-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]uracil is a nitrogen mustard and an aminouracil.", "Nitrogen mustard derivative of uracil. It is a alkylating antineoplastic agent that is used in lymphatic malignancies, and causes mainly gastrointestinal and bone marrow damage.", "Uracil Mustard is an alkylating derivative of the pyrimidine nucleobase uracil that is bound to nitrogen mustard, with antineoplastic activity. Uramustine alkylates and damages DNA by binding to the guanine and cytosine moieties of DNA. This leads to cross-linking of DNA, which inhibits DNA synthesis and promotes cell death in rapidly metabolizing cells, such as cancer cells.", "Uracil mustard is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a nitrogen mustard derivative of uracil. It is a alkylating antineoplastic agent that is used in lymphatic malignancies, and causes mainly gastrointestinal and bone marrow damage. After activation, uracil mustard binds preferentially to the guanine and cytosine moieties of DNA, leading to cross-linking of DNA, thus inhibiting DNA synthesis and function.", "Nitrogen mustard derivative of URACIL. It is a alkylating antineoplastic agent that is used in lymphatic malignancies, and causes mainly gastrointestinal and bone marrow damage."]], ["Norethynodrel", "C[C@]12CC[C@H]3[C@H]([C@@H]1CC[C@]2(C#C)O)CCC4=C3CCC(=O)C4", ["Norethynodrel is an oxo steroid.", "A synthetic progestational hormone with actions and uses similar to those of PROGESTERONE. It has been used in the treatment of functional uterine bleeding and endometriosis. As a contraceptive, it has usually been administered in combination with MESTRANOL.", "A synthetic progestational hormone with actions and uses similar to those of PROGESTERONE. It has been used in the treatment of functional uterine bleeding and ENDOMETRIOSIS. As a contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS), it has usually been administered in combination with MESTRANOL."]], ["Cycloserine", "C1[C@H](C(=O)NO1)N", ["D-cycloserine is a 4-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one that has R configuration. It is an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces garyphalus or S. orchidaceus and is used as part of a multi-drug regimen for the treatment of tuberculosis when resistance to, or toxicity from, primary drugs has developed. An analogue of D-alanine, it interferes with bacterial cell wall synthesis in the cytoplasm by competitive inhibition of L-alanine racemase (which forms D-alanine from L-alanine) and D-alanine--D-alanine ligase (which incorporates D-alanine into the pentapeptide required for peptidoglycan formation and bacterial cell wall synthesis). It has a role as an antitubercular agent, an antiinfective agent, an antimetabolite, a metabolite and a NMDA receptor agonist. It is an organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic, an organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic and a 4-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one. It is a conjugate base of a D-cycloserine(1+). It is an enantiomer of a L-cycloserine. It is a tautomer of a D-cycloserine zwitterion.", "Antibiotic substance produced by Streptomyces garyphalus.", "Cycloserine is a broad spectrum antibiotic used as a second line agent for treatment of drug resistant tuberculosis, always in combination with other antituberculosis agents. Cycloserine is appears to have little or no hepatotoxic potential, but it is usually used in combination with agents that are known to be hepatotoxic, and its role in the reported cases of liver injury with combination therapy cannot always be excluded.", "Cycloserine is an analogue of the amino acid D-alanine with broad-spectrum antibiotic and glycinergic activities.  D-cycloserine interferes with bacterial cell wall synthesis by competitively inhibiting two enzymes, L-alanine racemase and D-alanine:D-alanine ligase, thereby impairing peptidoglycan formation necessary for bacterial cell wall synthesis. This agent may be bactericidal or bacteriostatic, depending on its concentration at the infection site and the susceptibility of the organism. In addition, D-cycloserine is an excitatory amino acid and partial agonist at the glycine binding site of the NMDA receptor in the central nervous system (CNS); binding to the central NMDA receptor may result in amelioration of neuropathic pain.", "Antibiotic substance produced by Streptomyces garyphalus."]], ["Triaziquone", "C1CN1C2=CC(=O)C(=C(C2=O)N3CC3)N4CC4", ["Triaziquone appears as purple needle-like crystals. (NTP, 1992)", "Triaziquone is a member of the class of 1,4-benzoquinones that is 1,4-benzoquinone in which three of the ring hydrogens are replaced by aziridin-1-yl groups. It has a role as an alkylating agent and an antineoplastic agent. It is a member of aziridines and a member of 1,4-benzoquinones.", "Triaziquone is an aziridinylbenzoquinone-based alkylating agent with potential antineoplastic activity. The alkylating group in triaziquone becomes activated upon reduction of quinone to the hydroquinone form. This eventually results in the alkylation and crosslinking of DNA, thereby inhibiting DNA replication followed by an induction of apoptosis. In addition, reactive oxygen species may form during redox cycling which may contribute to this agent's cytotoxic activity.", "Alkylating antineoplastic agent used mainly for ovarian tumors. It is toxic to skin, gastrointestinal tract, bone marrow and kidneys."]], ["Hydroxyprogesterone", "CC(=O)[C@]1(CC[C@@H]2[C@@]1(CC[C@H]3[C@H]2CCC4=CC(=O)CC[C@]34C)C)O", ["17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone is a 17alpha-hydroxy steroid that is the 17alpha-hydroxy derivative of progesterone. It has a role as a metabolite, a progestin, a human metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a 17alpha-hydroxy steroid, a 17alpha-hydroxy-C21-steroid and a tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone. It is functionally related to a progesterone.", "Hydroxyprogesterone is a Progestin.", "Hydroxyprogesterone is a natural product found in Vitex agnus-castus and Homo sapiens with data available.", "Hydroxyprogesterone is a physiological progestin that is produced during glucocorticoid and steroid hormone synthesis and is increased during the third trimester of pregnancy. Hydroxyprogesterone binds to the cytoplasmic progesterone receptors in the reproductive system and subsequently activates progesterone receptor mediated gene expression.", "It serves as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of hydrocortisone and gonadal steroid hormones. It is derived from progesterone via 17-hydroxylase, a P450c17 enzyme, or from 17-hydroxypregnenolone via 3&#946;-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/&#916;5-4 isomerase. 17-Hydroxyprogesterone is a natural progestin and in pregnancy increases in the third trimester primarily due to fetal adrenal production. This hormone is primarily produced in the adrenal glands and to some degree in the gonads, specifically the corpus luteum of the ovary. Normal levels are 3-90 ng/dl in children, and in women, 15-70 ng/dl prior to ovulation, and 35-290 ng/dl during the luteal phase. Measurements of levels of 17-hydroxyprogesterone are useful in the evaluation of patients with suspected congenital adrenal hyperplasia as the typical enzymes that are defective, namely 21-hydroxylase and 11&#946;-hydroxylase, lead to a build-up of 17OHP. In contrast, the rare patient with 17&#945;-hydroxylase deficiency will have very low or undetectable levels of 17OHP. 17OHP levels can also be used to measure contribution of progestational activity of the corpus luteum during pregnancy as progesterone but not 17OHP is also contributed by the placenta.", "A metabolite of PROGESTERONE with a hydroxyl group at the 17-alpha position. It serves as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of HYDROCORTISONE and GONADAL STEROID HORMONES."]], ["Caffeine citrate", "CN1C=NC2=C1C(=O)N(C(=O)N2C)C.C(C(=O)O)C(CC(=O)O)(C(=O)O)O", ["Caffeine Citrate is commercial citrate of caffeine, though not a definite salt.  It is the alkaloid caffeine, with a portion of adherent citric acid, as indicated by its pharmacopoeial name (citrated caffeine). Its general action and uses are the same as those given under caffeine. Caffeine citrate is used chiefly as a remedy for the idiopathic headache (migraine). This salt is very soluble in water, and is assimilated much more readily than pure caffeine when taken into the stomach. (NCI04)"]], ["Aspirin calcium", "CC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)[O-].CC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)[O-].[Ca+2]", ["The prototypical analgesic used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain. It has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties and acts as an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase which results in the inhibition of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. Aspirin also inhibits platelet aggregation and is used in the prevention of arterial and venous thrombosis. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p5)"]], ["Mannitol", "C([C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](CO)O)O)O)O)O", ["D-mannitol appears as odorless white crystalline powder or free-flowing granules. Sweet taste. (NTP, 1992)", "D-mannitol is the D-enantiomer of mannitol. It has a role as an osmotic diuretic, a sweetening agent, an antiglaucoma drug, a metabolite, an allergen, a hapten, a food bulking agent, a food anticaking agent, a food humectant, a food stabiliser, a food thickening agent, an Escherichia coli metabolite and a member of compatible osmolytes.", "Mannitol is an osmotic diuretic that is metabolically inert in humans and occurs naturally, as a sugar or sugar alcohol, in fruits and vegetables. Mannitol elevates blood plasma osmolality, resulting in enhanced flow of water from tissues, including the brain and cerebrospinal fluid, into interstitial fluid and plasma. As a result, cerebral edema, elevated intracranial pressure, and cerebrospinal fluid volume and pressure may be reduced. Mannitol may also be used for the promotion of diuresis before irreversible renal failure becomes established; the promotion of urinary excretion of toxic substances; as an Antiglaucoma agent; and as a renal function diagnostic aid.  On October 30, 2020, mannitol was approved by the FDA as add-on maintenance therapy for the control of pulmonary symptoms associated with cystic fibrosis in adult patients and is currently marketed for this indication under the name BRONCHITOL\u00ae by Chiesi USA Inc.", "Mannitol is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).", "Mannitol is an Osmotic Diuretic. The mechanism of action of mannitol is as an Osmotic Activity. The physiologic effect of mannitol is by means of Increased Diuresis.", "Mannitol is a natural product found in Pavetta indica, Scoparia dulcis, and other organisms with data available.", "Mannitol is a naturally occurring alcohol found in fruits and vegetables and used as an osmotic diuretic. Mannitol is freely filtered by the glomerulus and poorly reabsorbed from the renal tubule, thereby causing an increase in osmolarity of the glomerular filtrate. An increase in osmolarity limits tubular reabsorption of water and inhibits the renal tubular reabsorption of sodium, chloride, and other solutes, thereby promoting diuresis. In addition, mannitol elevates blood plasma osmolarity, resulting in enhanced flow of water from tissues into interstitial fluid and plasma.", "D-mannitol is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.", "A diuretic and renal diagnostic aid related to sorbitol. It has little significant energy value as it is largely eliminated from the body before any metabolism can take place. It can be used to treat oliguria associated with kidney failure or other manifestations of inadequate renal function and has been used for determination of glomerular filtration rate. Mannitol is also commonly used as a research tool in cell biological studies, usually to control osmolarity."]], ["P-Toluenesulfonamide", "CC1=CC=C(C=C1)S(=O)(=O)N", ["Toluene-4-sulfonamide is a sulfonamide that is benzenesulfonamide bearing a methyl group at position 4.", "Para-toluenesulfonamide is a low-molecular-weight organic compound with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon intra-tumoral injection, para-toluenesulfonamide increases lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP) and the release of cathepsin B. Cytosolic cathepsin B released from lysosomes cleaves and activates proapoptotic B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family member BH3 interacting-domain death agonist (Bid) and poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1 (PARP-1), which may induce tumor cell death."]], ["4'-Aminopropiophenone", "CCC(=O)C1=CC=C(C=C1)N", ["Propiophenone, 4'-amino- appears as yellow needles. (EPA, 1998)", "4'-Aminopropiophenone is a natural product found in Strychnos cathayensis with data available."]], ["Medroxyprogesterone acetate", "C[C@H]1C[C@@H]2[C@H](CC[C@]3([C@H]2CC[C@@]3(C(=O)C)OC(=O)C)C)[C@@]4(C1=CC(=O)CC4)C", ["Medroxyprogesterone acetate is an odorless white to off-white microcrystalline powder. (NTP, 1992)", "Medroxyprogesterone acetate is an acetate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the 17alpha-hydroxy group of medroxyprogesterone with the carboxy group of acetic acid. A widely used progestin in menopausal hormone therapy and in progestogen-only birth control. It has a role as a progestin, an androgen, a female contraceptive drug, a synthetic oral contraceptive, an adjuvant, an inhibitor, an antioxidant and an antineoplastic agent. It is a steroid ester, an acetate ester, a 20-oxo steroid, a 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid and a corticosteroid. It is functionally related to a medroxyprogesterone.", "Medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) is a [progesterone] derivative that is more resistant to metabolism for improved pharmacokinetic properties. MPA can be use to treat secondary amenorrhea, endometrial hyperplasia, abnormal uterine bleeding, osteoporosis, vasomotor symptoms in menopause, vulvar and vaginal atrophy, prevent pregnancy, manage pain in endometriosis, prevent pregnancy, and is also used in palliative care for endometrial and renal carcinoma.  Medroxyprogesterone acetate was granted FDA approval on 18 June 1959.", "Medroxyprogesterone Acetate is a synthetic, acetate derivative of the sex hormone progesterone.  Medroxyprogesterone 17-acetate (NCI04)", "Medroxyprogesterone acetate (INN, USAN, BAN), also known as 17\u2018\u00b1-hydroxy-6\u2018\u00b1-methylprogesterone acetate, and commonly abbreviated as MPA, is a steroidal progestin, a synthetic variant of the human hormone progesterone. It is used as a contraceptive, in hormone replacement therapy and for the treatment of endometriosis as well as several other indications. MPA is a more potent derivative of its parent compound medroxyprogesterone (MP). While medroxyprogesterone is sometimes used as a synonym for medroxyprogesterone acetate, what is normally being administered is MPA and not MP. ", "A synthetic progestin that is derived from 17-hydroxyprogesterone. It is a long-acting contraceptive that is effective both orally or by intramuscular injection and has also been used to treat breast and endometrial neoplasms."]], ["3-Veratroylveracevine", "C[C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@@]([C@]3([C@H](C[C@]4([C@@H]5CC[C@H]6[C@]7([C@]5(C[C@]4([C@@H]3CN2C1)O)O[C@@]6([C@H](CC7)OC(=O)C8=CC(=C(C=C8)OC)OC)O)C)O)O)O)(C)O", ["Veratridine is a steroid. It has a role as a sodium channel modulator. It is functionally related to a cevane.", "A benzoate-cevane found in VERATRUM and Schoenocaulon. It activates SODIUM CHANNELS to stay open longer than normal."]], ["Isopropamide Iodide", "CC(C)[N+](C)(CCC(C1=CC=CC=C1)(C2=CC=CC=C2)C(=O)N)C(C)C.[I-]", ["Isopropamide iodide is a diarylmethane."]], ["Mestranol", "C[C@]12CC[C@H]3[C@H]([C@@H]1CC[C@]2(C#C)O)CCC4=C3C=CC(=C4)OC", ["Mestranol is a terminal acetylenic compound that is (17alpha)-17-ethynylestra-1(10),2,4-triene substituted by a methoxy group at position 3 and a hydroxy group at position 17. It has a role as a prodrug and a xenoestrogen. It is a 17beta-hydroxy steroid, a terminal acetylenic compound and an aromatic ether. It is functionally related to a 17beta-estradiol.", "The 3-methyl ether of ethinyl estradiol. It must be demethylated to be biologically active. It is used as the estrogen component of many combination ORAL contraceptives.", "Mestranol is an Estrogen. The mechanism of action of mestranol is as an Estrogen Receptor Agonist.", "Mestranol is a natural product found in Cunninghamella elegans with data available.", "Mestranol is a semisynthetic estrogen. Metabolized by the liver to ethynyl estradiol, mestranol serves as the estrogen component in several combination oral contraceptives. (NCI04)", "The 3-methyl ether of ethinyl estradiol. It must be demethylated to be biologically active. It is used as the estrogen component of many combination ORAL contraceptives. ", "The 3-methyl ether of ETHINYL ESTRADIOL. It must be demethylated to be biologically active. It is used as the estrogen component of many combination ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES."]], ["Quinethazone", "CCC1NC2=CC(=C(C=C2C(=O)N1)S(=O)(=O)N)Cl", ["Fibrous crystals or white powder. (NTP, 1992)", "Quinethazone is a member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazolin-4-one substituted at positions 2, 6 and 7 by ethyl, sulfamoyl and chloro groups respectively; a thiazide-like diuretic used to treat hypertension. It has a role as an antihypertensive agent and a diuretic.", "Quinethazone, marketed as Hydromox, is a thiazide diuretic indicated for hypertension. Patients may experience adverse reactions such as dizziness, dry mouth, nausea, and hypokalemia.", "Quinethazone is a long-acting, quinazolinesulfonamide derivative with thiazide-like diuretic activity. Quinethazone acts in a similar manner to that of other typical thiazide diuretics and is no longer commercially available in the United States."]], ["2,3-Dimercapto-1-propanesulfonic acid", "C(C(CS(=O)(=O)O)S)S", ["2,3-disulfanylpropane-1-sulfonic acid is an alkanesulfonic acid that is propane-1-sulfonic acid substituted by sulfanyl groups at positions 2 and 3. It is an alkanesulfonic acid and a dithiol.", "A chelating agent used as an antidote to heavy metal poisoning."]], ["Triamcinolone Acetonide", "C[C@]12C[C@@H]([C@]3([C@H]([C@@H]1C[C@@H]4[C@]2(OC(O4)(C)C)C(=O)CO)CCC5=CC(=O)C=C[C@@]53C)F)O", ["Triamcinolone acetonide is a synthetic glucocorticoid that is the 16,17-acetonide of triamcinolone. Used to treat various skin infections. It has a role as an anti-inflammatory drug and an anti-allergic agent. It is an 11beta-hydroxy steroid, a 20-oxo steroid, a 21-hydroxy steroid, a 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid, a glucocorticoid, a cyclic ketal, a fluorinated steroid and a primary alpha-hydroxy ketone. It is functionally related to a triamcinolone. It derives from a hydride of a pregnane.", "Triamcinolone acetonide is a Corticosteroid. The mechanism of action of triamcinolone acetonide is as a Corticosteroid Hormone Receptor Agonist.", "Triamcinolone Acetonide is the acetonide salt form of triamcinolone, a synthetic glucocorticosteroid with immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory activity. Triamcinolone acetonide binds to specific cytosolic glucocorticoid receptors and subsequently interacts with glucocorticoid receptor response element on DNA and alters gene expression. This results in an induction of the synthesis of certain anti-inflammatory proteins while inhibiting the synthesis of certain inflammatory mediators. Consequently, an overall reduction in chronic inflammation and autoimmune reactions are accomplished.", "An esterified form of TRIAMCINOLONE. It is an anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. Intralesional, intramuscular, and intra-articular injections are also administered under certain conditions."]], ["Fluoxymesterone", "C[C@]12CCC(=O)C=C1CC[C@@H]3[C@@]2([C@H](C[C@]4([C@H]3CC[C@]4(C)O)C)O)F", ["Fluoxymesterone is an anabolic androgenic steroid, a 17beta-hydroxy steroid, an 11beta-hydroxy steroid, a fluorinated steroid and a 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent and an anabolic agent.", "An anabolic steroid that has been used in the treatment of male hypogonadism, delayed puberty in males, and in the treatment of breast neoplasms in women.", "Fluoxymesterone is an Androgen. The mechanism of action of fluoxymesterone is as an Androgen Receptor Agonist.", "Fluoxymesterone is a halogenated derivative of 17-alpha-methyltestosterone.  Similar to testosterone, fluoxymesterone binds to and activates specific nuclear receptors, resulting in an increase in protein anabolism, a decrease in amino acid catabolism, and retention of nitrogen, potassium, and phosphorus.  This agent also may competitively inhibit prolactin receptors and estrogen receptors, thereby inhibiting the growth of hormone-dependent tumor lines. Fluoxymesterone is approximately five times more potent than methyltestosterone. (NCI04)", "Fluoxymesterone is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is an anabolic steroid that has been used in the treatment of male hypogonadism, delayed puberty in males, and in the treatment of breast neoplasms in women. [PubChem] Fluoxymesterone is a synthetic androgenic anabolic steroid and is approximately 5 times as potent as natural methyltestosterone. Like testosterone and other androgenic hormones, fluoxymesterone binds to the androgen receptor. It produces retention of nitrogen, sodium, potassium, and phosphorus; increases protein anabolism; decreases amino acid catabolism and decreased urinary excretion of calcium. The antitumour activity of fluoxymesterone appears related to reduction or competitive inhibition of prolactin receptors or estrogen receptors or production.", "An anabolic steroid that has been used in the treatment of male HYPOGONADISM, delayed puberty in males, and in the treatment of breast neoplasms in women."]], ["Bromocresol green", "CC1=C(C(=C(C=C1C2(C3=CC=CC=C3S(=O)(=O)O2)C4=CC(=C(C(=C4C)Br)O)Br)Br)O)Br", ["Bromocresolgreen is a member of benzofurans.", "An indicator and reagent. It has been used in serum albumin determinations and as a pH indicator."]], ["Ethoheptazine", "CCOC(=O)C1(CCCN(CC1)C)C2=CC=CC=C2", ["Ethoheptazine is a member of azepanes.", "Ethoheptazine is marketed under the name Zactane. It is a phenazepine based opioid analgesic. It was invented in the 1950s and is related to other drugs such as proheptazine. Ethoheptazine is no longer marketed in the United States."]], ["Alphaprodine", "CCC(=O)OC1(CCN(CC1C)C)C2=CC=CC=C2", ["An opioid analgesic chemically related to and with an action resembling that of MEPERIDINE, but more rapid in onset and of shorter duration. It has been used in obstetrics, as pre-operative medication, for minor surgical procedures, and for dental procedures. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1067)"]], ["Carbromal", "CCC(CC)(C(=O)NC(=O)N)Br", ["Alpha-bromo-alpha-ethylbutyrylurea is an odorless tasteless white crystalline powder. Saturated solution in water neutral to litmus. (NTP, 1992)", "Carbromal is a N-acylurea."]], ["Tabun", "CCOP(=O)(C#N)N(C)C", ["Tabun is a colorless to brown liquid with a faint fruity odor. Used as a chemical warfare agent."]], ["Tromethamine", "C(C(CO)(CO)N)O", ["Tris is a primary amino compound that is tert-butylamine in which one hydrogen attached to each methyl group is replaced by a hydroxy group. A compound widely used as a biological buffer substance in the pH range 7--9; pKa = 8.3 at 20 \u2103; pKa = 7.82 at 37 \u2103. It has a role as a buffer. It is a triol and a primary amino compound. It is a conjugate base of a member of Htris.", "An organic amine proton acceptor. It is used in the synthesis of surface-active agents and pharmaceuticals; as an emulsifying agent for cosmetic creams and lotions, mineral oil and paraffin wax emulsions, as a biological buffer, and used as an alkalizer. (From Merck, 11th ed; Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1424)", "An organic amine proton acceptor. It is used in the synthesis of surface-active agents and pharmaceuticals; as an emulsifying agent for cosmetic creams and lotions, mineral oil and paraffin wax emulsions, as a biological buffer, and used as an alkalizer. (From Merck, 11th ed; Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1424)"]], ["Petrichloral", "C(C(COC(C(Cl)(Cl)Cl)O)(COC(C(Cl)(Cl)Cl)O)COC(C(Cl)(Cl)Cl)O)OC(C(Cl)(Cl)Cl)O", ["Petrichloral is an alcohol and an organochlorine compound."]], ["Pantothenic Acid", "CC(C)(CO)[C@H](C(=O)NCCC(=O)O)O", ["(R)-pantothenic acid is a pantothenic acid having R-configuration. It has a role as an antidote to curare poisoning, a human blood serum metabolite and a geroprotector. It is a vitamin B5 and a pantothenic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a (R)-pantothenate.", "Pantothenic acid, also called pantothenate or vitamin B5 (a B vitamin), is a water-soluble vitamin discovered by Roger J. Williams in 1919. For many animals, pantothenic acid is an essential nutrient as it is required to synthesize coenzyme-A (CoA), as well as to synthesize and metabolize proteins, carbohydrates, and fats. Pantothenic acid is the amide between pantoic acid and \u03b2-alanine and commonly found as its alcohol analog, the provitamin panthenol, and as calcium pantothenate. Small quantities of pantothenic acid are found in nearly every food, with high amounts in whole-grain cereals, legumes, eggs, meat, royal jelly, avocado, and yogurt. Pantothenic acid is an ingredient in some hair and skin care products. Only the dextrorotatory (D) isomer of pantothenic acid possesses biological activity. while the levorotatory (L) form may antagonize the effects of the dextrorotatory isomer.", "Pantothenic acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).", "Pantothenic acid is a natural product found in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Arabidopsis thaliana, and other organisms with data available.", "Pantothenic Acid is a water-soluble vitamin ubiquitously found in plants and animal tissues with antioxidant property. Vitamin B5 is a component of coenzyme A (CoA) and a part of the vitamin B2 complex. Vitamin B5 is a growth factor and is essential for various metabolic functions, including the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fatty acids. This vitamin is also involved in the synthesis of cholesterol, lipids, neurotransmitters, steroid hormones, and hemoglobin.", "(R)-Pantothenic acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.", "A butyryl-beta-alanine that can also be viewed as pantoic acid complexed with BETA ALANINE. It is incorporated into COENZYME A and protects cells against peroxidative damage by increasing the level of GLUTATHIONE."]], ["Metilbromuro de homatropina", "C[N+]1(C2CCC1CC(C2)OC(=O)C(C3=CC=CC=C3)O)C.[Br-]", ["Homatropine methylbromide is an organic bromide salt and an azabicycloalkane. It has a role as a muscarinic antagonist, an anti-ulcer drug and an antispasmodic drug.", "Homatropine methylbromide is a quaternary ammonium muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist belonging to the group of medicines called anti-muscarinics. Homatropine is used to treat duodenal or stomach ulcers or intestine problems. It can be used together with antacids or other medicine in the treatment of peptic ulcer. It may also be used to prevent nausea, vomiting, and motion sickness.", "Homatropine Methylbromide is the methylbromide salt of homatropine, a synthetic tertiary amine alkaloid with antimuscarinic properties. Homatropine methylbromide, a competitive inhibitor of acetylcholine at the muscarinic receptor, blocks parasympathetic nerve stimulation, thereby inhibiting pepsin and gastrin secretion. When administered in high doses, this drug produces inhibitory effects on acetylcholine activity, specifically on smooth muscle located in the gastrointestinal, biliary, and genitourinary tracts, resulting in an anti-spasmodic effect."]], ["Sulfisoxazole acetyl", "CC1=C(ON=C1C)N(C(=O)C)S(=O)(=O)C2=CC=C(C=C2)N", ["Sulfisoxazole acetyl is a sulfonamide and a member of benzenes.", "Sulfisoxazole acetyl is an ester of sulfisoxazole, a broad-spectrum sulfanilamide and a synthetic analog of para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) with antibacterial activity. Sulfisoxazole acetyl competes with PABA for the bacterial enzyme, dihydropteroate synthase, preventing the incorporation of PABA into dihydrofolic acid, which is the precursor of folic acid. This process causes an inhibition of bacterial folic acid synthesis and de novo synthesis of purines and pyrimidines, resulting in cell growth arrest and cell death.  It is often combined with erythromycin to treat acute otitis media caused by the bacteria, haemophilus influenzae.", "Sulfisoxazole Acetyl is an ester of sulfisoxazole, a broad-spectrum sulfanilamide and a synthetic analog of para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) with antibacterial property. Sulfisoxazole acetyl competes with PABA for the bacterial enzyme dihydropteroate synthase, thereby preventing the incorporation of PABA into dihydrofolic acid, the immediate precursor of folic acid. This leads to an inhibition of bacterial folic acid synthesis and de novo synthesis of purines and pyrimidines, ultimately resulting in cell growth arrest and cell death."]], ["Dihydrocholesterol", "C[C@H](CCCC(C)C)[C@H]1CC[C@@H]2[C@@]1(CC[C@H]3[C@H]2CC[C@@H]4[C@@]3(CC[C@@H](C4)O)C)C", ["(5alpha)-cholestan-3beta-ol is a cholestanoid that is (5alpha)-cholestane substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3. It is a cholestanoid and a 3beta-hydroxy steroid. It derives from a hydride of a 5alpha-cholestane.", "Dihydrocholesterol is a natural product found in Echinometra lucunter, Nothoscordum montevidense, and other organisms with data available.", "A cholesterol derivative found in human feces, gallstones, eggs, and other biological matter."]], ["Rhodamine", "CCN(CC)C1=CC2=C(C=C1)C(=C3C=CC(=[N+](CC)CC)C=C3O2)C4=CC=CC=C4C(=O)O", ["C.i. pigment violet 1 is a purple powder. (NTP, 1992)", "Rhodamine B(1+) is a cationic fluorescent dye derived from 9-phenylxanthene. It has a role as a fluorochrome. It is an organic cation and a xanthene dye.", "Rhodamine is a class of xanthene derivatives with fluorescent properties that are used as tracer dyes in a wide variety of industrial and laboratory applications.", "9-(2-Carboxyphenyl)-3,6-bis(diethylamino)xanthylium(1+) is a food dye\n\n9-(2-Carboxyphenyl)-3,6-bis(diethylamino)xanthylium(1+) belongs to the family of Xanthenes. These are polycyclic aromatic compounds containing a xanthene moiety, which consists of two benzene ring joined to each other by a pyran ring.", "A family of 3,6-di(substituted-amino)-9-benzoate derivatives of xanthene that are used as dyes and as indicators for various metals; also used as fluorescent tracers in histochemistry."]], ["(8beta)-9,10-Didehydro-6-methylergoline-8-carboxylic acid", "CN1C[C@@H](C=C2[C@H]1CC3=CNC4=CC=CC2=C34)C(=O)O", ["Lysergic acid is an ergoline alkaloid comprising 6-methylergoline having additional unsaturation at the 9,10-position and a carboxy group at the 8-position. It derives from a hydride of a 6-methylergoline."]], ["Cyclizine", "CN1CCN(CC1)C(C2=CC=CC=C2)C3=CC=CC=C3", ["Cyclizine is an N-alkylpiperazine in which one nitrogen of the piperazine ring is substituted by a methyl group, while the other is substituted by a diphenylmethyl group. It has a role as an antiemetic, a cholinergic antagonist, a central nervous system depressant, a local anaesthetic and a H1-receptor antagonist.", "A histamine H1 antagonist given by mouth or parenterally for the control of postoperative and drug-induced vomiting and in motion sickness. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p935)", "A histamine H1 antagonist given by mouth or parenterally for the control of postoperative and drug-induced vomiting and in motion sickness. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p935)"]], ["Buclizine", "CC(C)(C)C1=CC=C(C=C1)CN2CCN(CC2)C(C3=CC=CC=C3)C4=CC=C(C=C4)Cl", ["Buclizine is an N-alkylpiperazine carrying (4-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methyl and 4-tert-butylbenzyl groups. It has a role as an antiemetic, a cholinergic antagonist, a histamine antagonist, a local anaesthetic and a central nervous system depressant. It is a N-alkylpiperazine and a member of monochlorobenzenes. It is a conjugate base of a buclizine(2+).", "Buclizine is an antihistamine medication with both antiemetic and anticholinergic effects, belonging to the piperazine derivative family of drugs. It was manufactured by Stuart Pharms and initially approved by the FDA in 1957. Following this, it was touted to be effective as an appetite stimulant in children when administered in the syrup form, however, this indication has not been validated. In addition to the above conditions, buclizine has been studied in the treatment of migraine attacks and in the treatment of nausea and vomiting during pregnancy.", "Buclizine is a piperazine histamine H1 receptor antagonist with primarily antiemetic and antivertigo activities. Buclizine binds to and blocks the histamine H1 receptor, thereby preventing the symptoms that are caused by histamine activity. Buclizine exerts its anti-emetic effect by binding to and blocking the muscarinic and histamine receptors in the vomiting center of the central nervous system (CNS). This may prevent activation of the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) and may reduce nausea and vomiting."]], ["3-Methylindole", "CC1=CNC2=CC=CC=C12", ["Skatole is a methylindole carrying a methyl substituent at position 3. It is produced during the anoxic metabolism of L-tryptophan in the mammalian digestive tract. It has a role as a mammalian metabolite and a human metabolite.", "3-Methylindole is a natural product found in Tachigali glauca, Coprinopsis picacea, and other organisms with data available."]], ["Methylprednisolone", "C[C@H]1C[C@H]2[C@@H]3CC[C@@]([C@]3(C[C@@H]([C@@H]2[C@@]4(C1=CC(=O)C=C4)C)O)C)(C(=O)CO)O", ["6alpha-methylprednisolone is the 6alpha-stereoisomer of 6-methylprednisolone. It has a role as an anti-inflammatory drug, a neuroprotective agent, an antiemetic, an adrenergic agent, a xenobiotic and an environmental contaminant. It is a 6-methylprednisolone, a primary alpha-hydroxy ketone and a tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone.", "Methylprednisolone is a [prednisolone] derivative glucocorticoid with higher potency than [prednisone]. It was first described in the literature in the late 1950s.  Methylprednisolone was granted FDA approval on 24 October 1957. In the outbreak of COVID-19, low dose methylprednisolone-based therapy was successful in treating COVID-19-associated pneumonia in one patient with long-term immunosuppression. The efficacy of methylprednisolone in novel coronavirus pneumonia is being investigated further in clinical trials.", "Methylprednisolone is a Corticosteroid. The mechanism of action of methylprednisolone is as a Corticosteroid Hormone Receptor Agonist.", "Methylprednisolone is a synthetic corticosteroid with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating properties.  Methylprednisolone binds to and activates specific nuclear receptors, resulting in altered gene expression and inhibition of proinflammatory cytokine production.  This agent also decreases the number of circulating lymphocytes, induces cell differentiation, and stimulates apoptosis in sensitive tumor cell populations.", "A PREDNISOLONE derivative with similar anti-inflammatory action."]], ["Diacetazotol", "CC1=CC=CC=C1N=NC2=CC(=C(C=C2)N(C(=O)C)C(=O)C)C", ["Diacetylaminoazotoluene is a member of azobenzenes."]], ["Thiopropazate", "CC(=O)OCCN1CCN(CC1)CCCN2C3=CC=CC=C3SC4=C2C=C(C=C4)Cl", ["Thiopropazate is a phenothiazine derivative in which 10H-phenothiazine has a chloro subsitituent at the 2-position and a 3-[4-(2-acetoxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]propyl group at N-10. It has a role as a phenothiazine antipsychotic drug and a dopaminergic antagonist. It is a member of phenothiazines, a N-alkylpiperazine, an acetate ester and an organochlorine compound."]], ["Phensuximide", "CN1C(=O)CC(C1=O)C2=CC=CC=C2", ["Phensuximide is a member of pyrrolidines.", "Phensuximide is a member of the succinimide class with anticonvulsant properties. It suppresses the paroxysmal three cycle per second spike and wave EEG pattern associated with lapses of consciousness in petit mal seizures. The frequency of attacks is reduced by depression of nerve transmission in the motor cortex."]], ["Propoxycaine", "CCCOC1=C(C=CC(=C1)N)C(=O)OCCN(CC)CC", ["Propoxycaine is a benzoate ester.", "Propoxycaine is a local anesthetic of the ester type that has a rapid onset of action and a longer duration of action than procaine hydrochloride.  This drug was removed from the US market in 1996.    Although no longer available in the United States, this medication was used in combination with procaine to aid in anesthesia during dental procedures.  Used in combination with procaine, it was the only dental local anesthetic available in cartridge form.", "Propoxycaine is a para-aminobenzoic acid ester with local anesthetic activity. Propoxycaine binds to and inhibits voltage-gated sodium channels, thereby inhibiting the ionic flux required for the initiation and conduction of impulses. This results in a loss of sensation.", "A local anesthetic of the ester type that has a rapid onset of action and a longer duration of action than procaine hydrochloride. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1017)"]], ["Methylmercury(1+)", "C[Hg+]", ["Methylmercury(1+) is a methylmercury compound.", "Methylmercury is an organometallic cation. It is formed by the burning of wastes and fossil fuels containing inorganic mercury, as well as by the action of anaerobic organisms on inorganic mercury. It is particularily hazardous due to its ability to bioaccumulate in the environment, particularily in aquatic systems. (L260)"]], ["2-Hydroxyethyl salicylate", "C1=CC=C(C(=C1)C(=O)OCCO)O", ["2-hydroxyethyl salicylate is a benzoate ester obtained by the formal condensation of carboxy group of salicylic acid with one of the hydroxy groups of ethylene glycol It is a member of phenols, a primary alcohol and a member of salicylates. It is functionally related to an ethylene glycol and a salicylic acid.", "Glycol salicylate, also known as 2-hydroxyethyl salicylate, is a benzoate ester formed from the condensation of the carboxy group of salicylic acid with one of the hydroxy groups of ethylene glycol. It is found as an active ingredient and topical analgesic in patches used to provide relief for mild to moderate muscle and joint pain.   This drug belongs to the salicylate group of drugs, which are used as analgesic agents for the treatment of mild to moderate pain.  Glycol salicylate (GS), composed of salicylic acid (SA) and ethylene glycol, is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug.   This ingredient is an important component of many topical creams and sprays for the relief of aches, pains, and stiffness of the muscles, joints, and tendons."]], ["Choline Bitartrate", "C[N+](C)(C)CCO.[C@@H]([C@H](C(=O)[O-])O)(C(=O)O)O", ["A basic constituent of lecithin that is found in many plants and animal organs. It is important as a precursor of acetylcholine, as a methyl donor in various metabolic processes, and in lipid metabolism."]], ["L-(-)-Sorbose", "C([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](C(=O)CO)O)O)O)O", ["Keto-L-sorbose is a L-sorbose. It is an enantiomer of a keto-D-sorbose.", "L-(-)-Sorbose is a natural product found in Carica papaya and Panax ginseng with data available.", "A ketose sugar that is commonly used in the commercial synthesis of ASCORBIC ACID."]], ["Gluconolactone", "C([C@@H]1[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](C(=O)O1)O)O)O)O", ["D-glucono-1,5-lactone is an aldono-1,5-lactone obtained from D-gluconic acid. It has a role as an animal metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a gluconolactone and an aldono-1,5-lactone. It is functionally related to a D-gluconic acid.", "Gluconolactone is a naturally-occurring food additive used as a sequestrant, an acidifier, or a curing, pickling, or leavening agent. It is a cyclic ester of D-gluconic acid. Pure gluconolactone is a white odorless crystalline powder.", "Gluconolactone is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).", "Gluconolactone is a Calculi Dissolution Agent. The mechanism of action of gluconolactone is as an Irrigation.", "Gluconolactone is a natural product found in Lotus creticus, Lotus filicaulis, and other organisms with data available.", "Gluconolactone is a naturally occurring polyhydroxy acid (PHA) with metal chelating, moisturizing and antioxidant activity. Gluconolactone can be produced by enzymatic oxidation of D-glucose oxidation. Its ability in free radicals scavenging accounts for its antioxidant property. It is used in cosmetic product and as a coagulant in tofu processing. (NCI05)"]], ["Pseudoephedrine", "C[C@@H]([C@H](C1=CC=CC=C1)O)NC", ["Pseudoephedrine is a member of the class of the class of phenylethanolamines that is (1S)-2-(methylamino)-1-phenylethan-1-ol in which the pro-S hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by a methyl group. It has a role as a sympathomimetic agent, an anti-asthmatic drug, a bronchodilator agent, a vasoconstrictor agent, a central nervous system drug, a nasal decongestant, a xenobiotic and a plant metabolite. It is a secondary alcohol, a secondary amino compound and a member of phenylethanolamines. It is a conjugate base of a pseudoephedrine(1+).", "Pseudoephedrine is structurally related to [ephedrine] but exerts a weaker effect on the sympathetic nervous system. Both drugs naturally occur in in ephedra plant which have a history of use in traditional Eastern medicine and were first researched in the west in 1889. The decongestant effect of pseudoephedrine was described in dogs in 1927.", "Pseudoephedrine is an alpha-Adrenergic Agonist. The mechanism of action of pseudoephedrine is as an Adrenergic alpha-Agonist.", "Pseudoephedrine is a natural product found in Ephedra monosperma, Ephedra intermedia, and other organisms with data available.", "Pseudoephedrine is a phenethylamine and a diastereomer of ephedrine with sympathomimetic property. Pseudoephedrine displaces norepinephrine from storage vesicles in presynaptic neurones, thereby releasing norepinephrine into the neuronal synapses where it stimulates primarily alpha-adrenergic receptors. It also has weak direct agonist activity at alpha- and beta- adrenergic receptors. Receptor stimulation results in vasoconstriction and decreases nasal and sinus congestion.", "An alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonist that may also enhance release of norepinephrine. It has been used in the treatment of several disorders including asthma, heart failure, rhinitis, and urinary incontinence, and for its central nervous system stimulatory effects in the treatment of narcolepsy and depression. It has become less extensively used with the advent of more selective agonists. [PubChem]", "A phenethylamine that is an isomer of EPHEDRINE which has less central nervous system effects and usage is mainly for respiratory tract decongestion."]], ["Thenyldiamine", "CN(C)CCN(CC1=CSC=C1)C2=CC=CC=N2", ["Thenyldiamine is a dialkylarylamine and a tertiary amino compound."]], ["Phenyltoloxamine", "CN(C)CCOC1=CC=CC=C1CC2=CC=CC=C2", ["Phenyltoloxamine is a diarylmethane.", "Phenyltoloxamine is an antihistamine drug with sedative and analgesic effects. It is a H1 receptor blocker and a member of the ethanolamine class of antihistaminergic drugs. It is available in combination products that also contain other analgesics and antitussives such as acetaminophen. Phenyltoloxamine citrate is the more common salt form that acts as an active ingredient in pharmaceutical products and promotes hay fever relief via reversing the effects of histamine. Phenyltoloxamine acts as an adjuvant analgesic, which augments the analgesic effect of acetaminophen. It also potentiates the effects of other drugs, such as codeine and codeine derivatives.  Although phenyltoloxamine's ability to potentiate the effects of analgesics may be explained in part by its chemical nature as a first-generation H1 antihistamine that is capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier and causing tranquilizing effects at CNS histamine receptors, many of the drug's specific pharmacokinetics are not readily available - perhaps also because many early (phenyltoloxamine was involved in studies as early as the 1950s) first-generation antihistamines were not optimally investigated. Nevertheless, phenyltoloxamine is used to a fairly limited extent in contemporary medicine, with only very few products involving it as an active ingredient.", "Phenyltoloxamine is a first generation antihistamine that is used for symptoms of the common cold and as a short acting sedative. Phenyltoloxamine has not been linked to instances of clinically apparent acute liver injury.", "Phenyltoloxamine is an ethanolamine derivative with antihistaminic property. Phenyltoloxamine blocks H1 histamine receptors, thereby inhibiting phospholipase A2 and production of endothelium-derived relaxing factor, nitric oxide. Subsequent lack of activation of guanylyl cyclase through nitric oxide results in decreased cyclic GMP levels, thereby inhibiting smooth muscle constriction of various tissues, decreasing capillary permeability and decreasing other histamine-activated allergic reactions."]], ["Methyl nicotinate", "COC(=O)C1=CN=CC=C1", ["Methyl nicotinate is a member of pyridines and an aromatic carboxylic acid.", "Methyl nicotinate is the methyl ester of [DB00627] that is used as an active ingredient as a rubefacient in over-the-counter topical preparations indicated for muscle and joint pain. The action of methyl nicotinate as a rubefacient is thought to involve peripheral vasodilation. For veterinary purposes, methyl nicotinate is used to treat respiratory diseases, vascular disorders, rheumatoid arthritis, and muscle and joint pains.", "Methyl nicotinate is a natural product found in Chaenomeles speciosa, Coffea arabica, and other organisms with data available."]], ["5-Nitrobenzimidazole", "C1=CC2=C(C=C1[N+](=O)[O-])NC=N2", ["6-nitrobenzimidazole is an off-white to pale yellow fluffy powder. (NTP, 1992)"]], ["Soman", "CC(C(C)(C)C)OP(=O)(C)F", ["Soman is a colorless liquid, odorless to fruity.", "Soman is a phosphonic ester.", "An organophosphorus compound that inhibits cholinesterase. It causes seizures and has been used as a chemical warfare agent."]], ["3-(Trifluoromethyl)aniline", "C1=CC(=CC(=C1)N)C(F)(F)F", ["3-trifluoromethylaniline appears as a colorless liquid with a fishlike odor. Insoluble in water and denser than water. Toxic by ingestion and inhalation. Used to make dyes and pharmaceuticals."]], ["Iofendylate", "CCOC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(C)C1=CC=C(C=C1)I", ["An inert iodine-containing agent which is opaque to X-RAYS. It is used mainly for BRAIN and SPINAL CORD visualization."]], ["Phenylmercuric chloride", "C1=CC=C(C=C1)[Hg]Cl", ["Phenylmercuric chloride is an organomercuric compound. Mercury is a heavy, silvery d-block metal and one of six elements that are liquid at or near room temperature and pressure. It is a naturally occuring substance, and combines with other elements such as chlorine, sulfur, or oxygen to form inorganic mercury compounds (salts). Mercury also combines with carbon to make organic mercury compounds. (L1)"]], ["Cyclamic acid", "C1CCC(CC1)NS(=O)(=O)O", ["Cyclohexylsulfamic acid is a member of the class of sulfamic acids that is sulfamic acid carrying an N-cyclohexyl substituent. It has a role as a human xenobiotic metabolite and an environmental contaminant. It is functionally related to a sulfamic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a cyclohexylsulfamate.", "Salts and esters of cyclamic acid."]], ["Pyridostigmine bromide", "C[N+]1=CC=CC(=C1)OC(=O)N(C)C.[Br-]", ["Pyridostigmine bromide is a pyridinium salt.", "Pyridostigmine is a drug that has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat a condition called myasthenia gravis and to reverse the effects of muscle relaxants. In addition, pyridostigmine has been used in the military as a pretreatment for exposure to the chemical nerve agent Soman. It is also being studied as an investigational drug to treat HIV infection.", "Pyridostigmine Bromide is the bromide salt form of pyridostigmine, a quaternary ammonium carbamate derivative and a acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. Pyridostigmine bromide binds reversibly to acetylcholinesterase active sites in the peripheral nervous system, thereby preventing the breakdown of acetylcholine. This leads to an accumulation of acetylcholine at cholinergic synapses and facilitates transmission of impulses across the neuromuscular junction. Mediated through muscarinic receptors, this agent increases contraction of bronchial and intestinal smooth muscle and the exocrine glands secretions, while it causes paralysis of the skeletal muscles mediated through nicotinic receptors. In addition, pyridostigmine is used as a reversible blocking agent to prevent organophosphates from binding to the acetylcholinesterase receptors and thereby protect the nervous system from the effects of nerve agents such as Soman.", "A cholinesterase inhibitor with a slightly longer duration of action than NEOSTIGMINE. It is used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis and to reverse the actions of muscle relaxants."]], ["Propylhexedrine", "CC(CC1CCCCC1)NC", ["Propylhexedrine is a secondary amino compound.", "Propylhexedrine is an alpha-adrenergic agonist often used in nasal decongestant inhalers. It is used to give temporary relief for nasal congestion from colds, allergic rhinitis, or allergies.", "Propylhexedrine is a natural product found in Narcissus obesus with data available.", "Propylhexedrine is a propylamine derivative with sympathomimetic property. Propylhexedrine binds to and activates alpha-adrenergic receptors in the mucosa of the respiratory tract, thereby mimicking the actions of norepinephrine and epinephrine. This results in vasoconstriction and reduces swelling and inflammation of the mucous membrane lining, therefore relieving nasal and sinus congestion."]], ["Chlorbenside", "C1=CC(=CC=C1CSC2=CC=C(C=C2)Cl)Cl", ["Chlorobenside is an organic sulfide."]], ["Formanilide", "C1=CC=C(C=C1)NC=O", ["Formanilide is a white crystalline solid. (NTP, 1992)", "Formanilide is a member of the class of formamides that is formamide in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a phenyl group. It is a member of formamides and an aromatic amide. It is functionally related to a formamide.", "Formanilide is a natural product found in Citrus deliciosa and Citrus reticulata with data available."]], ["Phenyl isothiocyanate", "C1=CC=C(C=C1)N=C=S", ["Phenyl isothiocyanate is an isothiocyanate having a phenyl group attached to the nitrogen; used for amino acid sequencing in the Edman degradation. It has a role as an allergen and a reagent.", "Phenyl isothiocyanate is a chemical compound of cyanide. It is a reagent used in reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). (L197)"]], ["Ethyl cyanoacetate", "CCOC(=O)CC#N", ["Ethyl cyanoacetate appears as a colorless liquid. Denser than water. Contact may irritate skin, eyes and mucous membranes. May be toxic by ingestion. Used to make other chemicals.", "Ethyl cyanoacetate is a chemical compound of cyanide."]], ["Ethyl dodecanoate", "CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC", ["Ethyl laurate is a fatty acid ethyl ester of lauric acid. It has a role as a metabolite.", "Ethyl dodecanoate is a natural product found in Vitis rotundifolia, Psidium guajava, and other organisms with data available.", "Ethyl dodecanoate is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["1,2-Epoxy-4-vinylcyclohexane", "C=CC1CCC2C(C1)O2", ["3-Vinyl-7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptane is an oxacycle."]], ["Sarin", "CC(C)OP(=O)(C)F", ["Sarin appears as a colorless, odorless liquid. Almost no odor in pure state. Used as a quick-acting military chemical nerve agent. Chemical warfare agent.", "Isopropyl methylphosphonofluoridate is a phosphinic ester that is the isopropyl ester of methylphosphonofluoridic acid. It is a phosphinic ester and a fluorine molecular entity.", "An organophosphorus ester compound that produces potent and irreversible inhibition of cholinesterase. It is toxic to the nervous system and is a chemical warfare agent."]], ["Isoamylamine", "CC(C)CCN", ["Isopentylamine is a primary aliphatic amine that is butan-1-amine carrying a methyl substituent at position 3. It has a role as a plant metabolite and a bacterial metabolite.", "Isoamylamine is a natural product found in Hippospongia communis and Vitis vinifera with data available."]], ["1,3-Butanediol", "CC(CCO)O", ["Butane-1,3-diol is a butanediol compound having two hydroxy groups in the 1- and 3-positions. It is a butanediol and a glycol.", "1,3-Butanediol is found in pepper (c. annuum). 1,3-Butanediol is a solvent for flavouring agents 1,3-Butanediol is an organic chemical, an alcohol. It is commonly used as a solvent for food flavouring agents and is a co-monomer used in certain polyurethane and polyester resins. It is one of four stable isomers of butanediol. In biology, 1,3-butanediol is used as a hypoglycaemic agent. 1,3-Butanediol belongs to the family of Secondary Alcohols. These are compounds containing a secondary alcohol functional group, with the general structure HOC(R)(R') (R,R'=alkyl, aryl)."]], ["Succinonitrile", "C(CC#N)C#N", ["Succinonitrile appears as colorless to light brown crystals. Colorless waxy solid melting at 57 \u00b0C. Highly toxic.", "Succinonitrile is a chemical compound of cyanide."]], ["Squalane", "CC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)C", ["Squalane is a natural product found in Murraya paniculata with data available."]], ["1,5-Pentanediol", "C(CCO)CCO", ["Pentane-1,5-diol is a primary alcohol."]], ["Diethylene Glycol Monoethyl Ether", "CCOCCOCCO", ["Diethylene glycol monoethyl ether appears as a colorless, slightly viscous liquid with a mild pleasant odor. Flash point near 190 \u00b0F. Used to make soaps, dyes, and other chemicals.", "Diethylene glycol monoethyl ether is a primary alcohol that is ethanol substituted by a 2-ethoxyethoxy group at position 2. It has a role as a protic solvent. It is a diether, a primary alcohol, a hydroxypolyether and a glycol ether. It is functionally related to a diethylene glycol."]], ["Docosanoic acid", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O", ["Docosanoic acid is a straight-chain, C22, long-chain saturated fatty acid. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a straight-chain saturated fatty acid and a long-chain fatty acid. It is a conjugate acid of a behenate.", "Docosanoic acid is a natural product found in Staphisagria macrosperma, Rhizophora apiculata, and other organisms with data available.", "Behenic Acid is a saturated very long-chain fatty acid with a 22-carbon backbone. Behenic acid is a major component of ben oil, extracted from the seeds of the moringa tree."]], ["Methylergonovine", "CC[C@@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H]1CN([C@@H]2CC3=CNC4=CC=CC(=C34)C2=C1)C", ["(6aR,9R)-N-[(2S)-1-hydroxybutan-2-yl]-7-methyl-6,6a,8,9-tetrahydro-4H-indolo[4,3-fg]quinoline-9-carboxamide is an ergoline alkaloid.", "A homolog of ergonovine containing one more CH2 group. (Merck Index, 11th ed)", "Methylergonovine is an Ergot Derivative.", "Methylergonovine is a natural product found in Bos taurus with data available.", "Methylergonovine is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a homolog of ergonovine containing one more CH2 group (Merck Index, 11th ed). Methylergonovine acts directly on the smooth muscle of the uterus and increases the tone, rate, and amplitude of rhythmic contractions through binding and the resultant antagonism of the dopamine D1 receptor. Thus, it induces a rapid and sustained tetanic uterotonic effect which shortens the third stage of labor and reduces blood loss.", "A homolog of ERGONOVINE containing one more CH2 group. (Merck Index, 11th ed)"]], ["Isoproterenol sulfate", "CC(C)NCC(C1=CC(=C(C=C1)O)O)O.CC(C)NCC(C1=CC(=C(C=C1)O)O)O.OS(=O)(=O)O", ["Isoproterenol Sulfate is the sulfate salt form of isoproterenol, a beta-adrenergic receptor agonist with bronchodilator activity. Isoproterenol binds to beta-2 adrenergic receptors in bronchial smooth muscle, thereby activating intracellular adenyl cyclase, an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to cyclic-3',5'-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). Increased cAMP levels cause relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle, relieve bronchospasms, improve mucociliary clearance and inhibit the release of mediators of immediate hypersensitivity from cells, especially from mast cells.", "Isopropyl analog of EPINEPHRINE; beta-sympathomimetic that acts on the heart, bronchi, skeletal muscle, alimentary tract, etc. It is used mainly as bronchodilator and heart stimulant."]], ["Bethanidine sulfate", "C[NH2+]C(=NC)NCC1=CC=CC=C1.C[NH2+]C(=NC)NCC1=CC=CC=C1.[O-]S(=O)(=O)[O-]", ["A guanidinium antihypertensive agent that acts by blocking adrenergic transmission. The precise mode of action is not clear."]], ["Phenformin", "C1=CC=C(C=C1)CCN=C(N)N=C(N)N", ["Phenformin is a member of the class of biguanides that is biguanide in which one of the terminal nitrogen atoms is substituted by a 2-phenylethyl group. It was used as an anti-diabetic drug but was later withdrawn from the market due to potential risk of lactic acidosis. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent, a geroprotector and a hypoglycemic agent. It is functionally related to a biguanide.", "A biguanide hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of metformin. Although it is generally considered to be associated with an unacceptably high incidence of lactic acidosis, often fatal, it is still available in some countries. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p290)", "Phenformin is an agent belonging to the biguanide class of antidiabetics with antihyperglycemic activity. Phenformin is not used clinically due to the high risk of lactic acidosis that is associated with its use.", "A biguanide hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of METFORMIN. Although it is generally considered to be associated with an unacceptably high incidence of lactic acidosis, often fatal, it is still available in some countries. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p290)"]], ["Isobornyl thiocyanoacetate", "CC1(C2CCC1(C(C2)OC(=O)CSC#N)C)C", ["Isobornyl thiocyanoacetate is a natural product found in Illicium verum with data available."]], ["Mephobarbital", "CCC1(C(=O)NC(=O)N(C1=O)C)C2=CC=CC=C2", ["Mephobarbital is a member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at N-1 by a methyl group and at C-5 by ethyl and phenyl groups. It has a role as an anticonvulsant.", "A barbiturate that is metabolized to phenobarbital. It has been used for similar purposes, especially in epilepsy, but there is no evidence mephobarbital offers any advantage over phenobarbital.", "A barbiturate that is metabolized to PHENOBARBITAL. It has been used for similar purposes, especially in EPILEPSY, but there is no evidence mephobarbital offers any advantage over PHENOBARBITAL."]], ["Bromophenol Blue", "C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C(OS2(=O)=O)(C3=CC(=C(C(=C3)Br)O)Br)C4=CC(=C(C(=C4)Br)O)Br", ["Bromophenol blue is 3H-2,1-Benzoxathiole 1,1-dioxide in which both of the hydrogens at position 3 have been substituted by 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl groups. It is used as a laboratory indicator, changing from yellow below pH 3 to purple at pH 4.6, and as a size marker for monitoring the progress of agarose gel and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. It has also been used as an industrial dye. It has a role as a two-colour indicator, an acid-base indicator and a dye. It is a sultone, an arenesulfonate ester, a 2,1-benzoxathiole, a member of phenols and an organobromine compound.", "A dye that has been used as an industrial dye, a laboratory indicator, and a biological stain."]], ["Talbutal", "CCC(C)C1(C(=O)NC(=O)NC1=O)CC=C", ["Talbutal is a member of barbiturates.", "Talbutal, also called 5-allyl-5-sec-butylbarbituric acid, is a barbiturate with a short to intermediate duration of action. Talbutal is a schedule III drug in the U.S."]], ["Paramethadione", "CCC1(C(=O)N(C(=O)O1)C)C", ["Paramethadione is an oxazolidinone.", "Paramethadione is an anticonvulsant in the oxazolidinedione class. It is associated with fetal trimethadione syndrome, which is also known as paramethadione syndrome.", "Paramethadione is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is an anticonvulsant in the oxazolidinedione class. It is associated with fetal trimethadione syndrome, which is also known as paramethadione syndrome.Dione anticonvulsants such as paramethadione reduce T-type calcium currents in thalamic neurons (including thalamic relay neurons). This inhibits corticothalamic transmission and raises the threshold for repetitive activity in the thalamus. This results in a dampening of the abnormal thalamocortical rhythmicity proposed to underlie the 3-Hz spike-and-wave discharge seen on electroencephalogram (EEG) during absence seizures."]], ["Edrophonium chloride", "CC[N+](C)(C)C1=CC(=CC=C1)O.[Cl-]", ["Edrophonium chloride is the chloride salt of edrophonium. A reversible inhibitor of cholinesterase with a rapid onset (30-60 seconds after injection) but a short duration of action (5-15 minutes), it is used in myasthenia gravis both diagnostically and to distinguish between under- or over-treatment with other anticholinesterases. It has also been used for the reversal of neuromuscular blockade in anaesthesia, and for the management of poisoning due to tetrodotoxin, a neuromuscular blocking toxin found in puffer fish and other marine animals. It has a role as an EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor, a diagnostic agent and an antidote. It is a quaternary ammonium salt and a chloride salt. It contains an edrophonium.", "Edrophonium Chloride is the chloride salt form of edrophonium, a short and rapid-acting cholinesterase inhibitor with parasympathomimetic activity. Echothiophate chloride potentiates the action of endogenous acetylcholine by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase that hydrolyzes acetylcholine. When applied topically to the eye, this agent prolongs stimulation of the parasympathetic receptors at the neuromuscular junctions of the longitudinal muscle of the ciliary body. Contraction of longitudinal muscle pulls on the scleral spur, and opens the trabecular meshwork, thereby increases aqueous humor outflow from the eye and reduces intraocular pressure.", "A rapid-onset, short-acting cholinesterase inhibitor used in cardiac arrhythmias and in the diagnosis of myasthenia gravis. It has also been used as an antidote to curare principles."]], ["Sulfabromomethazine", "CC1=C(C(=NC(=N1)NS(=O)(=O)C2=CC=C(C=C2)N)C)Br", ["Sulfabromomethazine is a sulfonamide consisting of 5-bromo-4,6-dimethylpyrimidine with a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position. A long-acting derivative of sulfamezathine, it is used in the poultry, swine and cattle industries for the treatment of coccidiosis and various bacterial infections. It has a role as an antibacterial agent. It is functionally related to a sulfamethazine.", "Sulfabromomethazine is a long-acting derivative of sulfamezathine that is used in the poultry, swine and cattle industries for the treatment of coccidiosis and various bacterial infections."]], ["Phenyl salicylate", "C1=CC=C(C=C1)OC(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2O", ["Phenyl salicylate is a benzoate ester that is the phenyl ester of salicylic acid. Also known as salol, it can be formed by heating salicylic acid with phenol and is used in the manufacture of some polymers, lacquers, adhesives, waxes and polishes. It has a role as an ultraviolet filter. It is a benzoate ester, a member of phenols and a member of salicylates. It is functionally related to a salicylic acid.", "Phenyl salicylate is a 2-hydroxybenzoic acid phenyl ester. It is utilized in some manufacturing processes of polymers, lacquers, adhesives, waxes, as well as polishes. It is an active ingredient in some pharmaceutical products as a mild analgesic for pain relief by releasing salicylate (found in [DB00945] ). Phenyl salicylate may also be found in some antiseptic agents. It is synthesized by heating salicylic acid with phenol, [MSDS].  Phenyl salicylate is used as a food additive in the USA.  This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as depsides and depsidones. These are polycyclic compounds that is either a polyphenolic compound composed of two or more monocyclic aromatic units linked by an ester bond (depside), or a compound containing the depsidone structure (depsidone).", "Phenyl salicylate is used as a food additive [EAFUS] (\"EAFUS: Everything Added to Food in the United States. [http://www.eafus.com/]\").\n\nPhenyl salicylate belongs to the family of Hydroxybenzoic Acid Derivatives. These are compounds containing an hydroxybenzoic acid (or a derivative), which is a benzene ring bearing a carboxylic acid."]], ["Homosalate", "CC1CC(CC(C1)(C)C)OC(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2O", ["3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexylsalicylate appears as viscous or light yellow to slightly tan liquid or oil. (NTP, 1992)", "2-hydroxybenzoic acid (3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexyl) ester is a benzoate ester and a member of phenols. It is functionally related to a salicylic acid.", "Homosalate is an organic compound that belongs to salicylates. It is an ester formed from salicylic acid and 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexanol, a derivative of cyclohexanol. Salicylates prevent direct skin exposure to the sun\u2019s harmful rays by absorbing ultraviolet (UV) light. Homosalate specifically absorbs short-wave UVB rays, which are associated with DNA damage and increased risk of skin cancer.   It is a common ingredient in many commercially available sunscreens. There are no reported adverse effects from homosalate.", "Homosalate is a natural product found in Camellia sinensis with data available."]], ["2-Ethylhexyl salicylate", "CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O", ["Ethylhexyl salicylate is a benzoate ester and a member of phenols. It is functionally related to a salicylic acid.", "Also known as Ethylhexyl Salicylate. Octyl salicylate is an oil soluble chemical sunscreen agent that absorbs UVB radiation. It does not protect against UVA. Octyl salicylate is used to augment the UVB protection in a sunscreen. Salicylates are weak UVB absorbers and they are generally used in combination with other UV filters. Octyl salicylate appears to have a good safety profile. It covers wavelength in the range 295-315 nm, peak at 307-310 nm.   It is an ester of salicylic  acid and 2-ethylhexanol. The salicylate portion of the molecule absorbs ultraviolet light to protect skin from the harmful effects of exposure to sunlight, while the ethylhexanol portion functions as an emollient.", "2-Ethylhexyl salicylate is a natural product found in Lonicera japonica, Camellia sinensis, and Homo sapiens with data available."]], ["Etryptamine", "CCC(CC1=CNC2=CC=CC=C21)N", ["Etryptamine is a member of indoles.", "In the 1960's, alpha-ethyltryptamine (\u03b1ET), a non hydrazine reversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor, was developed in the United States by the Upjohn chemical company for use as an antidepressant. \u03b1ET was an FDA approved antidepressant under the name Monase. However, in 1962, after the discovery of an unacceptable incidence of agranulocytosis, the development of Monase was halted and the drug was withdrawn from potential market use.   In 1993, the US Drug Enforcement Administration added \u03b1ET to Schedule I of its Schedules of Controlled Substances, after an increasing incidence of its use as a recreational drug in the 1980's. Currently, \u03b1ET is an illegal substance; however, it's activity is still under scientific investigation.   \u03b1ET is a stimulant and hallucinogen, but it is less stimulating and hallucinogenic than alpha-methyltryptamine, a closely related compound. Instead, the effects of \u03b1ET, a tryptamine derivative, more closely resemble the amphetamine derived drug 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methylamphetamine (MDMA). Similarly to MDMA, \u03b1ET has been shown to release serotonin pre-synaptically, as well as lesser amounts of norepinephrine and dopamine. Like MDMA, increases in locomotor activity and mood elevation can be seen post administration."]], ["Arsthinol", "CC(=O)NC1=C(C=CC(=C1)[As]2SCC(S2)CO)O", ["Arsthinol is a member of acetamides and an anilide.", "Arsthinol (INN) is an antiprotozoal agent that was first synthesized by Ernst A.H. Friedheim in 1949 via the complexing of acetarsol with 2,3-dimercaptopropanol. It has since been demonstrated that the agent possesses activity against amoebas and yaws. Considered well tolerated when compared to other related trivalent organoarsenicals, arsthinol has even undergone recent studies as a potential anticancer agent."]], ["Piperonyl sulfoxide", "CCCCCCCCS(=O)C(C)CC1=CC2=C(C=C1)OCO2", ["Piperonyl sulfoxide is a clear pale yellow to amber viscous liquid with a sweetish smell. (NTP, 1992)", "Piperonyl sulfoxide is a member of benzodioxoles.", "Piperonyl sulfoxide is a natural product found in Petasites with data available."]], ["Vanillic Acid", "COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C(=O)O)O", ["Vanillic acid is a monohydroxybenzoic acid that is 4-hydroxybenzoic acid substituted by a methoxy group at position 3. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a monohydroxybenzoic acid and a methoxybenzoic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a vanillate.", "Vanillic acid is a natural product found in Ficus septica, Haplophyllum cappadocicum, and other organisms with data available.", "Vanillic acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.", "A flavoring agent. It is the intermediate product in the two-step bioconversion of ferulic acid to vanillin. (J Biotechnol 1996;50(2-3):107-13)."]], ["N-Acetylsulfanilyl chloride", "CC(=O)NC1=CC=C(C=C1)S(=O)(=O)Cl", ["ASC has been investigated for the screening of Patients Undergoing Screening or Surveillance Colonoscopy."]], ["2-Amino-5-nitrothiazole", "C1=C(SC(=N1)N)[N+](=O)[O-]", ["Greenish-yellow to orange-yellow fluffy powder or a brown chunky powder. Slightly bitter taste. Used as a veterinary medicine.", "2-Amino-5-nitrothiazole is a member of thiazoles and a C-nitro compound."]], ["Sulfan Blue", "CCN(CC)C1=CC=C(C=C1)C(=C2C=CC(=[N+](CC)CC)C=C2)C3=C(C=C(C=C3)S(=O)(=O)[O-])S(=O)(=O)[O-].[Na+]", ["Sulfan blue is a dark greenish-black powder. (NTP, 1992)", "Patent blue is an organic molecular entity."]], ["Deserpidine", "CO[C@H]1[C@@H](C[C@@H]2CN3CCC4=C([C@H]3C[C@@H]2[C@@H]1C(=O)OC)NC5=CC=CC=C45)OC(=O)C6=CC(=C(C(=C6)OC)OC)OC", ["Deserpidine is an alkaloid ester, a methyl ester, a benzoate ester, an organic heteropentacyclic compound and a yohimban alkaloid. It derives from a hydride of a yohimban.", "Deserpidine is an ester alkaloid drug isolated from Rauwolfia canescens (family Apocynaceae) with antipsychotic and antihypertensive properties that has been used for the control of high blood pressure and for the relief of psychotic behavior.", "Deserpidine is a Catecholamine-depleting Sympatholytic. The physiologic effect of deserpidine is by means of Decreased Sympathetic Activity.", "Deserpidine is a natural product found in Aspergillus malignus, Cunila, and other organisms with data available.", "Deserpidine is an ester alkaloid derived from Rauwolfia canescens with antihypertensive activity. Deserpidine is a competitive inhibitor of the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE). By competing with angiotensin I for ACE, deserpidine blocks the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, which is a potent vasoconstrictor. Reduced level of serum angiotensin II causes a decrease in blood pressure. Deserpidine also decreases angiotensin II-induced aldosterone secretion by the adrenal cortex."]], ["Kappadione", "CC1=C(C2=CC=CC=C2C(=C1)OP(=O)([O-])[O-])OP(=O)([O-])[O-].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+]", ["Kappadione is a Vitamin K derivative (chemically, it is menadiol sodium diphosphate), previously approved by FDA prior to 1982 and marketed by Lilly Marketing for this drug has been discontinued and is not available in North America. It has been found to have carcinogenic potential in mammalian cells as well as cytotoxic properties. Studies involving the active metabolite of this formulation, menadione, showed oocyte toxicity in a study of mice."]], ["Menadiol diphosphate", "CC1=C(C2=CC=CC=C2C(=C1)OP(=O)(O)O)OP(=O)(O)O", ["Menadiol sodium diphosphate is a member of naphthalenes."]], ["Diatrizoate meglumine", "CC(=O)NC1=C(C(=C(C(=C1I)C(=O)O)I)NC(=O)C)I.CNC[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](CO)O)O)O)O", ["Diatrizoate Meglumine is the meglumine salt form of diatrizoate, an organic, iodinated, radiopaque X-ray contrast medium used in diagnostic radiography. The iodine moiety of diatrizoate meglumine is not penetrable by X-rays, therefore blocks the X-ray film exposure by radiation. This makes it possible to distinguish on X-ray film, body parts that contain diatrizoate meglumine from body parts that do not contain this agent and allows for visualization of different body structures.", "A versatile contrast medium used for DIAGNOSTIC X-RAY RADIOLOGY."]], ["Meglumine", "CNC[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](CO)O)O)O)O", ["N-methylglucamine is a hexosamine that is D-glucitol in which the hydroxy group at position 1 is substituted by the nitrogen of a methylamino group. A crystalline base, it is used in preparing salts of certain acids for use as diagnostic radiopaque media, while its antimonate is used as an antiprotozoal in the treatment of leishmaniasis. It is a hexosamine and a secondary amino compound.", "1-Deoxy-1-(methylamino)-D-glucitol. A derivative of sorbitol in which the hydroxyl group in position 1 is replaced by a methylamino group. Often used in conjunction with iodinated organic compounds as contrast medium."]], ["Benztropine mesilate", "CN1[C@@H]2CC[C@@H]1CC(C2)OC(C3=CC=CC=C3)C4=CC=CC=C4.CS(=O)(=O)O", ["Benztropine Mesylate is a synthetic antiparkinson tertiary amine structurally related to atropine, Benztropine Mesylate acts as a central muscarinic antagonist and inhibits dopamine uptake. With antihistaminic and local anesthetic properties as well, it is indicated for symptomatic relief of parkinsonism and drug-induced extrapyramidal reactions. (NCI04)", "A centrally active muscarinic antagonist that has been used in the symptomatic treatment of PARKINSON DISEASE. Benztropine also inhibits the uptake of dopamine."]], ["Chloroprocaine", "CCN(CC)CCOC(=O)C1=C(C=C(C=C1)N)Cl", ["Chloroprocaine is procaine in which one of the hydrogens ortho- to the carboxylic acid group is substituted by chlorine. It is used as its monohydrochloride salt as a local anaesthetic, particularly for oral surgery. It has the advantage over lidocaine of constricting blood vessels, so reducing bleeding. It has a role as a local anaesthetic, a peripheral nervous system drug and a central nervous system depressant. It is a benzoate ester and a member of monochlorobenzenes. It is functionally related to a 2-diethylaminoethanol and a 4-amino-2-chlorobenzoic acid.", "Chloroprocaine is an ester local anesthetic commonly available in its salt form, chloroprocaine hydrochloride. Similar to other local anesthetics, it increases the threshold for electrical excitation in nerves by slowing the propagation of the nerve impulse and reducing the rate of rise of the action potential. The pharmacological profile of chloroprocaine is characterized by a short latency and duration, similar to the one observed with [lidocaine]. Chloroprocaine can be given as an injection, and is available in formulations with and without methylparaben as a preservative. Both can be given as intrathecal injections for peripheral and central nerve block, but only the preservative-free formulation can be used for lumbar and caudal epidural blocks. Topical chloroprocaine for ophthalmic use was approved by the FDA in September 2022 for ocular surface anesthesia.", "Chloroprocaine is an Ester Local Anesthetic. The physiologic effect of chloroprocaine is by means of Local Anesthesia.", "Chloroprocaine hydrochloride is a local anesthetic given by injection during surgical procedures and labor and delivery. Chloroprocaine, like other local anesthetics, blocks the generation and the conduction of nerve impulses, presumably by increasing the threshold for electrical excitation in the nerve, by slowing the propagation of the nerve impulse and by reducing the rate of rise of the action potential."]], ["4-Chlorobenzophenone", "C1=CC=C(C=C1)C(=O)C2=CC=C(C=C2)Cl", ["4-chlorobenzophenone is a member of benzophenones."]], ["Protokylol hydrochloride", "CC(CC1=CC2=C(C=C1)OCO2)NCC(C3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)O)O.Cl", ["Protokylol Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of protokylol, a derivative of the beta-adrenergic receptor agonist isoproterenol with bronchodilator activity. Protokylol binds to beta-2 adrenergic receptors in bronchial smooth muscle, thereby activating intracellular adenyl cyclase, an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to cyclic-3',5'-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). Increased cAMP levels cause relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle, relieve bronchospasms, improve mucociliary clearance and inhibit the release of mediators of immediate hypersensitivity from cells, especially from mast cells."]], ["2-Aminobenzothiazole", "C1=CC=C2C(=C1)N=C(S2)N", ["2-aminobenzothiazole is an odorless gray to white powder. (NTP, 1992)", "2-aminobenzothiazole is a member of benzothiazoles."]], ["2-Methylbenzenethiol", "CC1=CC=CC=C1S", ["2-Methylbenzenethiol is a thiol."]], ["Dextrothyroxine", "C1=C(C=C(C(=C1I)OC2=CC(=C(C(=C2)I)O)I)I)C[C@H](C(=O)O)N", ["D-thyroxine is the D-enantiomer of thyroxine. It is a thyroxine and a D-tyrosine derivative. It is an enantiomer of a L-thyroxine.", "The major hormone derived from the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is synthesized via the iodination of tyrosines (monoiodotyrosine) and the coupling of iodotyrosines (diiodotyrosine) in the thyroglobulin. Thyroxine is released from thyroglobulin by proteolysis and secreted into the blood. Thyroxine is peripherally deiodinated to form triiodothyronine which exerts a broad spectrum of stimulatory effects on cell metabolism.", "Dextrothyroxine is the dextrorotary isomer of thyroxine, a thyroid hormone with antihyperlipidemic activity. Dextrothyroxine stimulates the formation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and increases the catabolism of LDL thereby leading to increased excretion of cholesterol and bile acids via the biliary route. This results in a reduction in serum cholesterol and LDL.", "The dextrorotary isomer of the synthetic THYROXINE."]], ["Calcium cyclamate", "C1CCC(CC1)NS(=O)(=O)[O-].C1CCC(CC1)NS(=O)(=O)[O-].[Ca+2]", ["Salts and esters of cyclamic acid."]], ["Aluminum Acetate", "CC(=O)[O-].CC(=O)[O-].CC(=O)[O-].[Al+3]", ["Aluminum Acetate is a topical astringent that is used as an antiseptic agent. Aluminum acetate is used to treat inflammation, itching, and stinging of the infected skin and promotes healing."]], ["Edetate Disodium", "C(CN(CC(=O)O)CC(=O)[O-])N(CC(=O)O)CC(=O)[O-].[Na+].[Na+]", ["Edetate disodium anhydrous is a polyvalent chelating agent used to treat hypercalcemia and digitalis toxicity associated ventricular arrhythmias.", "A chelating agent that sequesters a variety of polyvalent cations such as CALCIUM. It is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a food additive."]], ["Tetradecyl hydrogen sulfate (ester)", "CCCCC(CC)CCC(CC(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)O", ["Tetradecyl sulfonic acid is an alkyl sulfate that is the mono-7-ethyl-2-methylundecan-4-yl ester of sulfuric acid. It is a conjugate base of a tetradecyl sulfate.", "Sodium tetradecyl sulfate is an anionic surface-active agent which is used for its wetting properties in the industry and is also used in medicine as a blood vessel irritant and sclerosing agent for hemorrhoids and varicose veins.  Sodium tetradecyl sulfate has been widely used since the 1950s, and in 1978 the first successful report of injecting a 1% solution into spider angiomas in 144 patients was made. Also noted was an unspecified number of episodes of epidermal necrosis without significant long-term effects and a 30% incidence of post-sclerosis pigmentation that resolved within a few months."]], ["Nithiazide", "CCNC(=O)NC1=NC=C(S1)[N+](=O)[O-]", ["Crystals or brown powder. (NTP, 1992)", "Nithiazide is a C-nitro compound and a member of 1,3-thiazoles."]], ["Pentamidine isethionate", "C1=CC(=CC=C1C(=N)N)OCCCCCOC2=CC=C(C=C2)C(=N)N.C(CS(=O)(=O)O)O.C(CS(=O)(=O)O)O", ["Pentamidine isethionate appears as odorless white or almost white crystals or powder. Odor also reported as a slight butyric odor. Very bitter taste. pH (5% aqueous solution) 4.5-6.5. (NTP, 1992)", "Pentamidine isethionate is an organosulfonate salt obtained by reaction of pentamidine with two equivalents of 2-hydroxyethylsulfonic acid. It has a role as a trypanocidal drug. It contains a pentamidinium(2+).", "Pentamidine Isethionate is a synthetic amidine derivative, Pentamidine Isethionate is an antiprotozoal and antifungal agent that appears to interact with the minor groove of AT-rich DNA regions of the pathogen genome, interfering with DNA replication and function. It is effective in the treatment of trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, some fungal infections, and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in HIV-infected patients. (NCI04)", "Antiprotozoal agent effective in trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, and some fungal infections; used in treatment of PNEUMOCYSTIS pneumonia in HIV-infected patients. It may cause diabetes mellitus, central nervous system damage, and other toxic effects."]], ["Guanylurea", "C(=NC(=O)N)(N)N", ["Guanylurea is an organooxygen compound. It is functionally related to a carbonic acid."]], ["Anileridine", "CCOC(=O)C1(CCN(CC1)CCC2=CC=C(C=C2)N)C3=CC=CC=C3", ["Anileridine is a piperidinecarboxylate ester that is the ethyl ester of isonipecotic acid in which the hydrogen alpha- to the carboxyl group is substituted by a phenyl group, and the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2-(4-aminophenyl)ethyl group. It has a role as an opioid analgesic and an opioid receptor agonist. It is a piperidinecarboxylate ester, a substituted aniline and an ethyl ester. It is functionally related to a N-[2-(4-aminophenyl)ethyl]-4-phenylisonipecotic acid. It is a conjugate base of an anileridine(2+).", "Anileridine is a synthetic opioid and strong analgesic medication. It is a narcotic pain reliever used to treat moderate to severe pain. Narcotic analgesics act in the central nervous system (CNS) to relieve pain. Some of their side effects are also caused by actions in the CNS.", "Anileridine is an opioid receptor agonist belonging to the piperidine class with analgesic activity. By binding to and activating opioid receptors in the central nervous sytem (CNS), anileridine mimics the endogenous opioids resulting in a decrease of nociceptve neurotransmitters and eventually an analgesic effect.", "Anileridine is a synthetic opioid and strong analgesic medication. It is a narcotic pain reliever used to treat moderate to severe pain. Narcotic analgesics act in the central nervous system (CNS) to relieve pain. Some of their side effects are also caused by actions in the CNS."]], ["Sulfoxone sodium", "C1=CC(=CC=C1NCS(=O)[O-])S(=O)(=O)C2=CC=C(C=C2)NCS(=O)[O-].[Na+].[Na+]", ["Sulfoxone Sodium is a sodium salt form of sulfoxone, a water-soluble sulfonamide antibiotic used in the treatment of leprosy."]], ["Flumethiazide", "C1=C(C(=CC2=C1NC=NS2(=O)=O)S(=O)(=O)N)C(F)(F)F", ["Flumethiazide is a benzothiadiazine."]], ["Chlorothen", "CN(C)CCN(CC1=CC=C(S1)Cl)C2=CC=CC=N2", ["Chlorothen is a colorless liquid. (NTP, 1992)", "Chloropyrilene is a dialkylarylamine and a tertiary amino compound."]], ["Methohexital", "CCC#CC(C)C1(C(=O)NC(=O)N(C1=O)C)CC=C", ["Methohexital is a barbiturate, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at N-1 by a methyl group and at C-5 by allyl and 1-methylpent-2-ynyl groups. It has a role as an intravenous anaesthetic and a drug allergen. It is a member of barbiturates and an acetylenic compound. It is a conjugate acid of a methohexital(1-).", "An intravenous anesthetic with a short duration of action that may be used for induction of anesthesia.", "Methohexital is a Barbiturate.", "Methohexital is a rapid, short-acting barbituric acid derivative, with anesthetic activity. Methohexital binds to the chloride ionophore site of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-A/chloride ionophore receptor complex, thereby enhancing the inhibitory actions of GABA-A in the brain. This leads to synaptic inhibition, decreased neuronal excitability, and induction of anesthesia. In addition, this agent decreases glutamate (Glu) responses.", "Methohexital is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is an intravenous anesthetic with a short duration of action that may be used for induction of anesthesia. Methohexital binds at a distinct binding site associated with a Cl<sup>-</sup> ionopore at the GABA<sub>A</sub> receptor, increasing the duration of time for which the Cl<sup>-</sup> ionopore is open. The post-synaptic inhibitory effect of GABA in the thalamus is, therefore, prolonged.", "An intravenous anesthetic with a short duration of action that may be used for induction of anesthesia."]], ["Quinestrol", "C[C@]12CC[C@H]3[C@H]([C@@H]1CC[C@]2(C#C)O)CCC4=C3C=CC(=C4)OC5CCCC5", ["Quinestrol is a 17-hydroxy steroid and a terminal acetylenic compound. It has a role as a xenoestrogen. It is functionally related to a 17beta-estradiol.", "The 3-cyclopentyl ether of ethinyl estradiol.", "Quinestrol is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a 3-cyclopentyl ether of ethinyl estradiol. Estrogens diffuse into their target cells and interact with a protein receptor (the estrogen receptor). Estrogen interacts with a target cell receptor. When the estrogen receptor has bound its ligand it can enter the nucleus of the target cell, and regulate gene transcription which leads to formation of messenger RNA. The mRNA interacts with ribosomes to produce specific proteins that express the effect of estradiol upon the target cell. Estrogens increase the hepatic synthesis of sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), thyroid-binding globulin (TBG), and other serum proteins and suppress follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) from the anterior pituitary. Target cells include the female reproductive tract, the mammary gland, the hypothalamus, and the pituitary. Estrogens increase the hepatic synthesis of sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), thyroid-binding globulin (TBG), and other serum proteins and suppress follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) from the anterior pituitary. The combination of an estrogen with a progestin suppresses the hypothalamic-pituitary system, decreasing the secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH).", "The 3-cyclopentyl ether of ETHINYL ESTRADIOL. After gastrointestinal absorption, it is stored in ADIPOSE TISSUE, slowly released, and metabolized principally to the parent compound. It has been used in ESTROGEN REPLACEMENT THERAPY. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1011)"]], ["Sulfalene", "COC1=NC=CN=C1NS(=O)(=O)C2=CC=C(C=C2)N", ["Sulfamethopyrazine is a member of pyrazines, a sulfonamide and a sulfonamide antibiotic.", "Long-acting plasma-bound sulfonamide used for respiratory and urinary tract infections and also for malaria.", "Sulfalene is a long-acting sulfonamide antibiotic used for the treatment of chronic bronchitis, urinary tract infections and malaria.", "Long-acting plasma-bound sulfonamide used for respiratory and urinary tract infections and also for malaria."]], ["Cycloguanil", "CC1(N=C(N=C(N1C2=CC=C(C=C2)Cl)N)N)C", ["Cycloguanil is a triazine in which a 1,6-dihydro-1,3,5-triazine ring is substituted at N-1 by a 4-chlorophenyl group, at C-2 and -4 by amino groups and at C-6 by gem-dimethyl groups. A dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor, it is a metabolite of the antimalarial drug proguanil. It has a role as an EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor, an antiinfective agent, an antiparasitic agent, an antimalarial, an antiprotozoal drug and an antifolate.", "Cycloguanil is the active metabolite of [proguanil]."]], ["Iminostilbene", "C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C=CC3=CC=CC=C3N2", ["5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine is a mancude organic heterotricyclic parent that consists of a seven-membered nitrogen hetrocycle fused with two benzene rings. It has a role as a marine xenobiotic metabolite. It is a mancude organic heterotricyclic parent and a dibenzoazepine."]], ["Acridine", "C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C=C3C=CC=CC3=N2", ["Small colorless needle-like crystalline solid. Slightly soluble in hot water. Slightly denser than water. Contact may irritate skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. Sublimes before melting when heated. May be toxic by ingestion.", "Acridine is a polycyclic heteroarene that is anthracene in which one of the central CH groups is replaced by a nitrogen atom. It has a role as a genotoxin. It is a mancude organic heterotricyclic parent, a polycyclic heteroarene and a member of acridines.", "Acridine is a polycyclic aromatic dye with antineoplastic, antimicrobial and imaging activities. Acridine and its derivatives intercalate within DNA and RNA by forming hydrogen-bonds and stacking between base pairs resulting in DNA crosslinks and strand breaks. In addition, acridine and its derivatives are a potent inhibitor of topoisomerase II enzyme. This results in the inhibition of DNA and RNA synthesis, predominantly occurring during S phase of the cell cycle and ultimately leads to cell death.", "Acridine is one of over 100 different polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). PAHs are chemicals that are formed during the incomplete burning organic substances, such as fossil fuels. They are usually found as a mixture containing two or more of these compounds. (L10)", "Compounds that include the structure of acridine."]], ["Pyrimidine", "C1=CN=CN=C1", ["Pyrimidine is the parent compound of the pyrimidines; a diazine having the two nitrogens at the 1- and 3-positions. It has a role as a Daphnia magna metabolite. It is a member of pyrimidines and a diazine.", "Pyrimidine is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).", "Pyrimidine is a natural product found in Euglena gracilis, Daphnia magna, and other organisms with data available.", "Pyrimidine is one of two classes of heterocyclic nitrogenous bases found in the nucleic acids DNA and RNA: in DNA the pyrimidines are cytosine and thymine, in RNA uracil replaces thymine.", "See also: Thymine (related); Uracil (related); Cytosine (related)."]], ["Ethynodiol diacetate", "CC(=O)O[C@H]1CC[C@@H]2[C@H]3CC[C@]4([C@H]([C@@H]3CCC2=C1)CC[C@]4(C#C)OC(=O)C)C", ["Ethynodiol diacetate is a steroid ester and a terminal acetylenic compound. It has a role as an estrogen receptor modulator, a contraceptive drug and a synthetic oral contraceptive. It is functionally related to an ethynodiol.", "A synthetic progestational hormone used alone or in combination with estrogens as an oral contraceptive. Although etynodiol or ethynodiol are sometimes used as a synonym for ethynodiol diacetate, what is usually being referred to is actually ethynodiol diacetate and not ethynodiol (which is a separate drug that has never been marketed, see [DB13866]).", "Ethynodiol Diacetate is the diacetate salt form of ethynodiol, a semi-synthetic progestational hormone agonist. Ethynodiol diacetate binds to cytoplasmic progesterone receptors in the reproductive system and subsequently activates progesterone receptor mediated gene expression. As a result of the negative feedback mechanism, luteinizing hormone (LH) release is inhibited, which leads to an inhibition of ovulation and an alteration in the cervical mucus and endometrium. In addition, ethynodiol diacetate has weak oestrogenic and androgenic properties.", "A synthetic progestational hormone used alone or in combination with estrogens as an oral contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVES, ORAL)."]], ["Benactyzine", "CCN(CC)CCOC(=O)C(C1=CC=CC=C1)(C2=CC=CC=C2)O", ["2-hydroxy-2,2-diphenylacetic acid 2-(diethylamino)ethyl ester is a diarylmethane.", "Benactyzine is an anticholinergic drug used as an antidepressant in the treatment of depression and associated anxiety.  Benactyzine is no longer widely used in medicine, although it is still a useful drug for scientific research. It does not possess any antihistamine properties.", "A centrally acting muscarinic antagonist. Benactyzine has been used in the treatment of depression and is used in research to investigate the role of cholinergic systems on behavior."]], ["Nitrogen mustard N-oxide hydrochloride", "C[N+](CCCl)(CCCl)[O-].Cl", ["Nitrogen mustard N-oxide hydrochloride is a nitrogen mustard.", "Mechlorethamine Oxide Hydrochloride is a nitrogen mustard alkylating agent that causes DNA cross linkages. It is a known carcinogen especially in mice. (NCI)", "A biologic alkylating agent that exerts its cytotoxic effects by forming DNA ADDUCTS and DNA interstrand crosslinks, thereby inhibiting rapidly proliferating cells. The hydrochloride is an antineoplastic agent used to treat HODGKIN DISEASE and LYMPHOMA."]], ["2,3-Dimercaptosuccinic acid", "C(C(C(=O)O)S)(C(=O)O)S", ["A mercaptodicarboxylic acid used as an antidote to heavy metal poisoning because it forms strong chelates with them."]], ["Potassium sodium tartrate", "[C@@H]([C@H](C(=O)[O-])O)(C(=O)[O-])O.[Na+].[K+]", ["Potassium sodium L-tartrate is the organic sodium and potassium salt of L-tartaric acid (mol ratio 1:1:1). It has a role as a laxative. It is a potassium salt and an organic sodium salt. It contains a L-tartrate(2-)."]], ["Pargyline hydrochloride", "CN(CC#C)CC1=CC=CC=C1.Cl", ["Pargyline Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of pargyline, a monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor with antidepressant activity. Pargyline selectively inhibits MAO type B, an enzyme catalyzing the oxidative deamination and inactivation of certain catecholamines, such as norepinephrine and dopamine, within the presynaptic nerve terminals. By inhibiting the metabolism of these biogenic amines in the brain, pargyline increases their concentration and binding to postsynaptic receptors. Increased receptor stimulation may cause downregulation of central receptors which may attribute to pargyline's antidepressant effect.", "A monoamine oxidase inhibitor with antihypertensive properties."]], ["Pivhydrazine", "CC(C)(C)C(=O)NNCC1=CC=CC=C1", ["Pivhydrazine is a member of benzenes.", "Pivhydrazine, also known as pivazide, is a member of the hydrazine family with irreversible and non-selective inhibitory activity against monoamine oxidases. In 1960, it was widely used as an antidepressant agent but it is now discontinued."]], ["Hydroxyamphetamine hydrobromide", "CC(CC1=CC=C(C=C1)O)N.Br", ["Hydroxyamphetamine Hydrobromide is the hydrobromide salt form of hydroxyamphetamine, an indirect-acting sympathomimetic amine with adrenergic properties. Hydroxyamphetamine, when applied topically to the eye, stimulates the release of norepinephrine from postganglionic adrenergic nerves resulting in the stimulation of both alpha and beta adrenergic receptors. Local alpha stimulatory effects include dilation of the pupil, increased flow of aqueous humor, and vasoconstriction; whereas beta stimulatory effects include relaxation of the ciliary muscle and a decreased production in aqueous humor.", "Amphetamine metabolite with sympathomimetic effects. It is sometimes called alpha-methyltyramine, which may also refer to the meta isomer, gepefrine."]], ["Dexamethasone phosphate", "C[C@@H]1C[C@H]2[C@@H]3CCC4=CC(=O)C=C[C@@]4([C@]3([C@H](C[C@@]2([C@]1(C(=O)COP(=O)(O)O)O)C)O)F)C", ["Dexamethasone phosphate is a steroid phosphate that is the 21-O-phospho derivative of dexamethasone. It has a role as a glucocorticoid receptor agonist. It is a steroid phosphate, an 11beta-hydroxy steroid, a 17-hydroxy steroid, a 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid, a fluorinated steroid and a tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone. It is functionally related to a dexamethasone. It is a conjugate acid of a dexamethasone phosphate(2-)."]], ["Estradiol cypionate", "C[C@]12CC[C@H]3[C@H]([C@@H]1CC[C@@H]2OC(=O)CCC4CCCC4)CCC5=C3C=CC(=C5)O", ["Estradiol 17beta-cyclopentylpropionate is a steroid ester.", "Estradiol Cypionate is a pro-drug ester of [DB00783], a naturally occurring hormone that circulates endogenously within the human body. Estradiol is the most potent form of all mammalian estrogenic steroids and acts as the major female sex hormone. As a pro-drug of estradiol, estradiol cypionate therefore has the same downstream effects within the body through binding to the Estrogen Receptor (ER) including ER\u03b1 and ER\u03b2 subtypes, which are located in various tissues and organs such as the breasts, uterus, ovaries, skin, prostate, bone, fat, and brain.  [DB00783] is commonly produced with an ester side-chain as endogenous estradiol has very low oral bioavailability on its own (2-10%). First-pass metabolism by the gut and the liver quickly degrades the estradiol molecule before it gets a chance to enter systemic circulation and exert its estrogenic effects. Esterification of estradiol aims to improve absorption and bioavailability after oral administration (such as with Estradiol Valerate) or to sustain release from depot intramuscular injections (such as with Estradiol Cypionate) through improved lipophilicity. Following absorption, the esters are cleaved, resulting in the release of endogenous estradiol, or 17\u03b2-estradiol. Ester pro-drugs of estradiol are therefore considered to be bioidentical forms of estrogen.  Estradiol cypionate is commercially available as Depo-Estradiol, an intramuscular depot injection used for the treatment of moderate to severe vasomotor symptoms associated with menopause and for the treatment of hypoestrogenism due to hypogonadism.  The primary source of estrogen in normally cycling adult women is the ovarian follicle, which secretes 70 to 500 mcg of estradiol daily, depending on the phase of the menstrual cycle. However, after menopause, most endogenous estrogen is produced by conversion of androstenedione, secreted by the adrenal cortex, to estrone by peripheral tissues. Thus, estrone and the sulfate conjugated form, estrone sulfate, are the most abundant circulating estrogens in postmenopausal women. Although circulating estrogens exist in a dynamic equilibrium of metabolic interconversions, estradiol is the principal intracellular human estrogen and is substantially more potent than its metabolites, estrone and estriol at the receptor level. Because of the difference in potency between estradiol and estrone, menopause (and a change in primary hormone from estradiol to estrone) is associated with a number of symptoms associated with this reduction in potency and in estrogenic effects. These include hot flashes, vaginal dryness, mood changes, irregular menses, chills, and sleeping problems. Administration of synthetic and bioidentical forms of estrogen, such as estradiol cypionate, has shown to improve these menopausal symptoms.", "Estradiol Cypionate is the cypionate salt form of estradiol, the most potent, naturally produced estrogen. Estradiol cypionate diffuses through the cell membrane and binds to and subsequently activates the nuclear estrogen receptor found in the reproductive tract, breast, pituitary, hypothalamus, liver, and bone. The activated complex binds to the estrogen response element on the DNA and activates the transcription of genes involved in the functioning of the female reproductive system and secondary sex characteristics."]], ["Testosterone enanthate", "CCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H]1CC[C@@H]2[C@@]1(CC[C@H]3[C@H]2CCC4=CC(=O)CC[C@]34C)C", ["Testosterone enanthate is a heptanoate ester and a sterol ester. It has a role as an androgen. It is functionally related to a testosterone.", "Testosterone enanthate is an esterified variant of testosterone that comes as an injectable compound with a slow-release rate.  This slow release is achieved by the presence of the enanthate ester functional group attached to the testosterone molecule. This testosterone derivative was first approved on December 24, 1953.  In 2017, about 6.5 million retail prescriptions for testosterone therapy were filled. The majority of the prescriptions written were for injectable (66%) and topical (32%) testosterone products. As recent as 1 October 2018, the US FDA approved Antares Pharma Inc.'s Xyosted - a subcutaneous testosterone enanthate product for once-weekly, at-home self-administration with an easy-to-use, single dose, disposable autoinjector. As the first subcutaneous autoinjector product designed for testosterone replacement therapy, this innovative formulation removes transfer concerns commonly associated with testosterone gels and potentially reduces the need for in-office/in-clinic injection procedures that may inconvenience patients with frequent visits to the clinic.", "Testosterone Enanthate is a long-acting intramuscular form of the androgen testosterone. Testosterone inhibits gonadotropin secretion from the pituitary gland and ablates estrogen production in the ovaries, thereby decreasing endogenous estrogen levels. In addition, this agent promotes the maintenance of male sex characteristics and is indicated for testosterone replacement in hypogonadal males, delayed puberty, and metastatic mammary cancer. (NCI04)"]], ["Opipramol", "C1CN(CCN1CCCN2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC4=CC=CC=C42)CCO", ["2-[4-[3-(11-benzo[b][1]benzazepinyl)propyl]-1-piperazinyl]ethanol is a dibenzoazepine.", "Opipramol has been used in trials studying the treatment of Dementia, Depression, Schizophrenia, Anxiety Disorders, and Psychosomatic Disorders.", "A tricyclic antidepressant with actions similar to AMITRIPTYLINE."]], ["Thioproperazine", "CN1CCN(CC1)CCCN2C3=CC=CC=C3SC4=C2C=C(C=C4)S(=O)(=O)N(C)C", ["Thioproperazine is a phenothiazine derivative in which the phenothiazine tricycle has a dimethylaminosulfonyl substituent at the 2-position and a 3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl group at N-10. It has a role as a phenothiazine antipsychotic drug. It is a member of phenothiazines, a N-alkylpiperazine, a N-methylpiperazine and a sulfonamide.", "Thioproperazine is a potent neuroleptic with antipsychotic properties. Thioproperazine has a marked cataleptic and antiapomorphine activity associated with relatively slight sedative, hypothermic and spasmolytic effects. It is virtually without antiserotonin and hypotensive action and has no antihistaminic property. It is used for the  treatment of all types of acute and chronic schizophrenia, including those which did not respond to the usual neuroleptics; manic syndromes."]], ["Fenyramidol", "C1=CC=C(C=C1)C(CNC2=CC=CC=N2)O", ["Crystals (from dilute methanol). (NTP, 1992)", "Fenyramidol is an aminopyridine."]], ["Glymidine", "COCCOC1=CN=C(N=C1)NS(=O)(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2", ["Glymidine is a sulfonamide that is N-(pyrimidin-2-yl)benzenesulfonamide which is substituted at position 5 of the pyrimidine ring by a 2-methoxyethoxy group. It is a hypoglycemic drug used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. It has a role as a hypoglycemic agent. It is a member of pyrimidines, a sulfonamide and a diether. It is a conjugate acid of a glymidine(1-).", "Glycodiazine is used with diet to lower blood glucose by increasing the secretion of insulin from pancreas and increasing the sensitivity of peripheral tissues to insulin. The mechanism of action of glycodiazine in lowering blood glucose appears to be dependent on stimulating the release of insulin from functioning pancreatic beta cells, and increasing sensitivity of peripheral tissues to insulin. Glycodiazine likely binds to ATP-sensitive potassium channel receptors on the pancreatic cell surface, reducing potassium conductance and causing depolarization of the membrane. Membrane depolarization stimulates calcium ion influx through voltage-sensitive calcium channels. This increase in intracellular calcium ion concentration induces the secretion of insulin. It is used for the concomitant use with insulin for the treatment of noninsulin-dependent (type 2) diabetes mellitus.", "Glymidine is a sulfapyrimidine derivative,also known as glycodiazine, with antihyperglycemic activity. Like sulfonylureas, glymidine is able to lower blood glucose levels by increasing the release of insulin from pancreatic beta cells and increasing the sensitivity of peripheral tissues to insulin."]], ["Mecloqualone", "CC1=NC2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)N1C3=CC=CC=C3Cl", ["Mecloqualone is a member of quinazolines."]], ["Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride", "C[C@@H]([C@H](C1=CC=CC=C1)O)NC.Cl", ["Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of pseudoephedrine, a phenethylamine and an diastereomer of ephedrine with sympathomimetic property. Pseudoephedrine hydrochloride displaces norepinephrine from storage vesicles in presynaptic neurones, thereby releasing norepinephrine into the neuronal synapses where it stimulates primarily alpha-adrenergic receptors. It also has weak direct agonist activity at alpha- and beta- adrenergic receptors. Receptor stimulation results in vasoconstriction and decreases nasal and sinus congestion.", "A phenethylamine that is an isomer of EPHEDRINE which has less central nervous system effects and usage is mainly for respiratory tract decongestion."]], ["Nandrolone decanoate", "CCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H]1CC[C@@H]2[C@@]1(CC[C@H]3[C@H]2CCC4=CC(=O)CC[C@H]34)C", ["Nandrolone decanoate is a steroid ester.", "Nandrolone decanoate, also known as nandrolone caprinate, is an alkylated anabolic steroid indicated in the management of anemia of renal insufficiency and as an adjunct therapy in the treatment of senile and postmenopausal osteoporosis. The process for creating esters of [nandrolone] was patented in Spain in 1959 and in 1960, it was described as having a long duration of action and strong anabolic effect compared to nandrolone and other esters.  Nandrolone decanoate was granted FDA approval on 5 October 1962.", "Nandrolone Decanoate is the decanoate salt form of nandrolone, an anabolic steroid analog of testosterone with androgenic, anabolic, and erythropoietin stimulating effects. Nandrolone enters the cell and binds to and activates specific nuclear androgen receptors in responsive tissue, including the prostate, seminal vesicles, scrotum, penis, larynx, hair follicles, muscle, and bone. The resulting activated hormone receptor complex translocates into the nucleus and binds to androgen response elements (ARE) in the promoter region of targeted genes, where the complex promotes gene expression necessary for maintaining male sex characteristics. Mimicking the negative feedback mechanism of testosterone, nandrolone decanoate also suppresses the secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH). Furthermore, this agent also stimulates erythropoietin production by enhancing the production of erythropoietic stimulating factors.", "Decanoic acid ester of nandrolone that is used as an anabolic agent to prevent or treat WASTING SYNDROME associated with severe chronic illness or HIV infection (HIV WASTING SYNDROME). It may also be used in the treatment of POSTMENOPAUSAL OSTEOPOROSIS."]], ["5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide", "C1=NC(=C(N1)C(=O)N)N", ["5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide is an aminoimidazole in which the amino group is at C-5 with a carboxamido group at C-4. It has a role as a mouse metabolite. It is an aminoimidazole and a monocarboxylic acid amide.", "5-Amino-4-imidazolecarboxyamide is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).", "5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide is a natural product found in Pogostemon cablin, Euglena gracilis, and Phaseolus vulgaris with data available.", "An imidazole derivative which is a metabolite of the antineoplastic agents BIC and DIC. By itself, or as the ribonucleotide, it is used as a condensation agent in the preparation of nucleosides and nucleotides. Compounded with orotic acid, it is used to treat liver diseases."]], ["Methysergide", "CC[C@@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H]1CN([C@@H]2CC3=CN(C4=CC=CC(=C34)C2=C1)C)C", ["(6aR,9R)-N-[(2S)-1-hydroxybutan-2-yl]-4,7-dimethyl-6,6a,8,9-tetrahydroindolo[4,3-fg]quinoline-9-carboxamide is an ergoline alkaloid.", "An ergot derivative that is a congener of LYSERGIC ACID DIETHYLAMIDE. It antagonizes the effects of serotonin in blood vessels and gastrointestinal smooth muscle, but has few of the properties of other ergot alkaloids. Methysergide is used prophylactically in migraine and other vascular headaches and to antagonize serotonin in the carcinoid syndrome."]], ["Bucladesine", "CCCC(=O)NC1=C2C(=NC=N1)N(C=N2)[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@H]4[C@H](O3)COP(=O)(O4)O)OC(=O)CCC", ["Bucladesine is a 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is the 2'-butanoate ester and 6-N-butanoyl derivative of 3',5'-cyclic AMP. It has a role as an agonist, a vasodilator agent and a cardiotonic drug. It is a butyrate ester, a 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide and a member of butanamides. It is functionally related to a 3',5'-cyclic AMP.", "A cyclic nucleotide derivative that mimics the action of endogenous CYCLIC AMP and is capable of permeating the cell membrane. It has vasodilator properties and is used as a cardiac stimulant. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)"]], ["Perflubron", "C(C(C(C(C(F)(F)Br)(F)F)(F)F)(F)F)(C(C(C(F)(F)F)(F)F)(F)F)(F)F", ["Perflubron is a haloalkane that is perfluorooctane in which a fluorine attached to one of the terminal carbons has been replaced by a bromine. It has a role as a radioopaque medium and a blood substitute. It is a perfluorinated compound, an organobromine compound and a haloalkane. It derives from a hydride of an octane.", "Perflubron (Oxygent) is being developed as an intravascular oxygen carrier designed to augment oxygen delivery in surgical patients.", "Perflubron is a synthetic radiopaque liquid form of perfluorooctyl bromide.  Used as a contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), perflubron is also used as a liquid ventilation agent to improve pulmonary gas exchange and lung compliance and may be used in surgery to reduce or eliminate the need for donor blood.  Ventilation with perfluorocarbon fluid improves lung function in conditions involving surfactant deficiency and dysfunction, including respiratory distress syndrome and adult respiratory distress syndrome. (NCI04)"]], ["Fluorometholone", "C[C@H]1C[C@H]2[C@@H]3CC[C@@]([C@]3(C[C@@H]([C@@]2([C@@]4(C1=CC(=O)C=C4)C)F)O)C)(C(=O)C)O", ["Fluorometholone is a member of the class of glucocorticoids that is Delta(1)-progesterone substituted at positions 11beta and 17 by hydroxy groups, at position 6alpha by a methyl group and at position 9 by a fluoro group. Used for the treatment of corticosteroid-responsive inflammation of the palpebral and bulbar conjunctiva, cornea and anterior segment of the globe. It has a role as an anti-inflammatory drug. It is a fluorinated steroid, an 11beta-hydroxy steroid, a 20-oxo steroid, a 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid, a glucocorticoid, a 17alpha-hydroxy steroid and a tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone. It is functionally related to a Delta(1)-progesterone.", "A glucocorticoid employed, usually as eye drops, in the treatment of allergic and inflammatory conditions of the eye. It has also been used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p732)", "Fluorometholone is a Corticosteroid. The mechanism of action of fluorometholone is as a Corticosteroid Hormone Receptor Agonist.", "Fluorometholone is a synthetic glucocorticoid with anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic properties. Fluorometholone exerts its effects by interacting with cytoplasmic glucocorticoid receptors and subsequently activates glucocorticoid receptor mediated gene expression. The synthesis of certain anti-inflammatory proteins is induced while the synthesis of certain inflammatory mediators is inhibited. As a result, there is an overall reduction in chronic inflammation and autoimmune reactions.", "A glucocorticoid employed, usually as eye drops, in the treatment of allergic and inflammatory conditions of the eye. It has also been used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p732)"]], ["Cyproterone acetate", "CC(=O)[C@]1(CC[C@@H]2[C@@]1(CC[C@H]3[C@H]2C=C(C4=CC(=O)[C@@H]5C[C@@H]5[C@]34C)Cl)C)OC(=O)C", ["Cyproterone acetate is a steroid ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of acetic acid with the 17-hydroxy group of cyproterone. It is an antiandrogenic drug which has recently been recognized to promote the occurrence and growth of intracranial meningiomas. It has a role as an androgen antagonist, a progestin and a geroprotector. It is a 20-oxo steroid, a 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid, a chlorinated steroid, a steroid ester and an acetate ester. It is functionally related to a cyproterone.", "An anti-androgen that, in the form of its acetate (cyproterone acetate), also has progestational properties. It is used in the treatment of hypersexuality in males, as a palliative in prostatic carcinoma, and, in combination with estrogen, for the therapy of severe acne and hirsutism in females.", "Cyproterone Acetate is the acetate salt of a synthetic steroidal antiandrogen with weak progestational and antineoplastic activities. Cyproterone binds the androgen receptor (AR), thereby preventing androgen-induced receptor activation in target tissues and inhibiting the growth of testosterone-sensitive tumor cells. This agent also exerts progestational agonist properties at the level of the pituitary that reduce luteinizing hormone (LH), resulting in reductions in testicular androgen secretion and serum testosterone levels. Treatment with cyproterone alone results in incomplete suppression of serum testosterone levels.", "An anti-androgen that, in the form of its acetate (cyproterone acetate), also has progestational properties. It is used in the treatment of hypersexuality in males, as a palliative in prostatic carcinoma, and, in combination with estrogen, for the therapy of severe acne and hirsutism in females. ", "An agent with anti-androgen and progestational properties. It shows competitive binding with dihydrotestosterone at androgen receptor sites."]], ["Xanthinol", "CN1C2=C(C(=O)N(C1=O)C)N(C=N2)CC(CN(C)CCO)O", ["7-[2-hydroxy-3-[2-hydroxyethyl(methyl)amino]propyl]-1,3-dimethylpurine-2,6-dione is an oxopurine.", "Xanthinol is a very potent water-soluble derivative of niacin that can be found in diet supplements. It is also known as xanthinol nicotinate. Xaninthol is known to be a potent vasodilator that can easily pass through the cell membrane and once inside the cell it causes an increase in glucose metabolism resulting in an increased energy. It was approved as a drug in 1998 in Canada and nowadays its status is cancelled post marketing."]], ["Chlordiazepoxide hydrochloride", "CN=C1CN(C(=C2C=C(C=CC2=N1)Cl)C3=CC=CC=C3)O.Cl", ["Crystals or off-white powder. (NTP, 1992)", "Chlordiazepoxide Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of chlordiazepoxide, a long-acting benzodiazepine with anxiolytic, sedative and hypnotic activity. Chlordiazepoxide hydrochloride exerts its effect by binding to the benzodiazepine site at the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor-chloride ionophore complex in the central nervous system (CNS). This leads to an increase in the opening of chloride channels, membrane hyperpolarization, and increases the inhibitory effect of GABA on the CNS.", "An anxiolytic benzodiazepine derivative with anticonvulsant, sedative, and amnesic properties. It has also been used in the symptomatic treatment of alcohol withdrawal."]], ["Isomethadone", "CCC(=O)C(C1=CC=CC=C1)(C2=CC=CC=C2)C(C)CN(C)C", ["Isomethadone is a diarylmethane."]], ["Thebacon", "CC(=O)OC1=CCC2C3CC4=C5C2(C1OC5=C(C=C4)OC)CCN3C", ["Thebacon is a natural product found in Papaver somniferum with data available."]], ["Pipradrol", "C1CCNC(C1)C(C2=CC=CC=C2)(C3=CC=CC=C3)O", ["Pipradrol is a diarylmethane.", "Pipradrol (Meratran) was initially developed in the 1950s as an antidepressant, however, the adverse effects associated with its use and its abuse potential led to its withdrawal and international regulation.  Pipradrol was made illegal in many countries in 1970s because of its potential for abuse. It is currently classified under the Misuse of Drugs Act as a Class C substance.  Experimentation with the drug and its derivatives for recreational purposes has led to many cases of acute toxicity and has been linked to three fatalities. The social and in particular acute clinical harms of pipradrol derivatives have led to their control under the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 in the UK in 2012.  Interestingly, this drug has been studied for bactericidal properties, however, is not currently, used for this purpose. In addition to this, it has shown favorable effects in postpartum depressive symptoms."]], ["Phenadoxone", "CCC(=O)C(CC(C)N1CCOCC1)(C2=CC=CC=C2)C3=CC=CC=C3", ["Phenadoxone is a diarylmethane."]], ["Normethadone", "CCC(=O)C(CCN(C)C)(C1=CC=CC=C1)C2=CC=CC=C2", ["Normethadone is a diarylmethane.", "Normethadone is used as an opioid antitussive in combination with [DB11610]. It is marketed in Canada by Valeant under the tradename Cophylac."]], ["Ketobemidone", "CCC(=O)C1(CCN(CC1)C)C2=CC(=CC=C2)O", ["Ketobemidone is a member of piperidines.", "Ketobemidone is a powerful opioid analgesic. It also has some NMDA-antagonist properties. This makes it useful for some types of pain that don't respond well to other opioids. The most commonly cited equalisation ratio for analgesic doses is 25 mg of ketobemidone hydrobromide to 60 mg of morphine hydrochloride or sulfate and circa 8 mg of ketobemidone by injection."]], ["Methylguanidine", "CN=C(N)N", ["Methylguanidine is a guanidine in which one of the amino hydrogens of guanidine itself is substituted by a methyl group. It has a role as a metabolite, an EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor and a uremic toxin. It is a conjugate base of a methylguanidinium.", "Methylguanidine is a natural product found in Diospyros virginiana, Anadara broughtonii, and other organisms with data available.", "Methylguanidine is a uremic toxin.  Uremic toxins can be subdivided into three major groups based upon their chemical and physical characteristics: 1) small, water-soluble, non-protein-bound compounds, such as urea; 2) small, lipid-soluble and/or protein-bound compounds, such as the phenols and 3) larger so-called middle-molecules, such as beta2-microglobulin. Chronic exposure of uremic toxins can lead to a number of conditions including renal damage, chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular disease. \nMethylguanidine (MG) is a guanidine compound deriving from protein catabolism. It is also a product of putrefaction. Methylguanidine is a suspected uraemic toxin that accumulates in renal failure, however it also exhibits anti-inflammatory effects. Methylguanidine is synthesized from creatinine concomitant with the synthesis of hydrogen peroxide from endogenous substrates in peroxisomes. Recent evidence suggests that methylguanidine significantly inhibits iNOS activity and TNF- release. This means that methylguandine can attenuate the degree of inflammation and tissue damage associated with endotoxic shock.", "A product of putrefaction. Poisonous."]], ["Chenodeoxycholic acid", "C[C@H](CCC(=O)O)[C@H]1CC[C@@H]2[C@@]1(CC[C@H]3[C@H]2[C@@H](C[C@H]4[C@@]3(CC[C@H](C4)O)C)O)C", ["Chenodeoxycholic acid is a dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid that is (5beta)-cholan-24-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 7 respectively. It has a role as a human metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a bile acid, a dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid and a C24-steroid. It is a conjugate acid of a chenodeoxycholate.", "Chenodeoxycholic acid (or Chenodiol) is an epimer of ursodeoxycholic acid (DB01586). Chenodeoxycholic acid is a bile acid naturally found in the body. It works by dissolving the cholesterol that makes gallstones and inhibiting production of cholesterol in the liver and absorption in the intestines, which helps to decrease the formation of gallstones. It can also reduce the amount of other bile acids that can be harmful to liver cells when levels are elevated.", "Chenodeoxycholic acid (chenodiol) is a primary bile acid, synthesized in the liver and present in high concentrations in bile that is used therapeutically to dissolve cholesterol gallstones. Chronic therapy is associated with transient elevations in serum aminotransferase levels in up to 30% of patients, but chenodiol has been linked to only rare instances of clinically apparent liver injury with jaundice.", "Chenodeoxycholic acid is a natural product found in Ganoderma lucidum and Homo sapiens with data available.", "A bile acid, usually conjugated with either glycine or taurine. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption and is reabsorbed by the small intestine. It is used as cholagogue, a choleretic laxative, and to prevent or dissolve gallstones."]], ["Corydine", "CN1CCC2=CC(=C(C3=C2[C@@H]1CC4=C3C(=C(C=C4)OC)OC)O)OC", ["Corydine is a natural product found in Zanthoxylum oxyphyllum, Aconitum orientale, and other organisms with data available."]], ["Lucanthone", "CCN(CC)CCNC1=C2C(=C(C=C1)C)SC3=CC=CC=C3C2=O", ["Lucanthone is a thioxanthen-9-one compound having a methyl substituent at the 1-position and a 2-[(diethylamino)ethyl]amino substituent at the 4-position. Formerly used for the treatment of schistosomiasis. It is a prodrug, being metabolised to hycanthone. It has a role as a schistosomicide drug, an antineoplastic agent, a photosensitizing agent, an EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor, an EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor, a prodrug, an adjuvant and a mutagen.", "One of the schistosomicides, it has been replaced largely by hycanthone and more recently praziquantel. (From Martindale The Extrapharmacopoeia, 30th ed., p46). It is currently being tested as a radiation sensitizer.", "Lucanthone is an orally available thioxanthone-based DNA intercalator and inhibitor of the DNA repair enzyme apurinic-apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APEX1 or APE1), with anti-schistosomal and potential antineoplastic activity. Lucanthone intercalates DNA and interferes with the activity of topoisomerases I and II during replication and transcription, thereby inhibiting the synthesis of macromolecules. In addition, this agent specifically inhibits the endonuclease activity of APE1, without affecting its redox activity, resulting in un-repaired DNA strand breaks which may induce apoptosis. Therefore, lucanthone may sensitize tumor cells to radiation and chemotherapy. Furthermore, lucanthone inhibits autophagy through the disruption of lysosomal function. The multifunctional nuclease APE1 is a key component for DNA repair; its expression is often correlated with tumor cell resistance to radio- and chemotherapy.", "One of the SCHISTOSOMICIDES, it has been replaced largely by HYCANTHONE and more recently PRAZIQUANTEL. (From Martindale The Extrapharmacopoeia, 30th ed., p46)"]], ["Dichloralphenazone", "CC1=CC(=O)N(N1C)C2=CC=CC=C2.C(C(Cl)(Cl)Cl)(O)O.C(C(Cl)(Cl)Cl)(O)O", ["Dichloralphenazone is a sedative composed of chloral hydrate and phenazone. It is typically found in combination products Nodolor and Midrin containing [isometheptene] and [acetaminophen] used for the relief of tension and vascular headaches. It is a US Schedule IV drug and its clinical use is limited."]], ["Plumbagin", "CC1=CC(=O)C2=C(C1=O)C=CC=C2O", ["Plumbagin is a hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone that is 1,4-naphthoquinone in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 5 are substituted by methyl and hydroxy groups, respectively. It has a role as a metabolite, an immunological adjuvant, an anticoagulant and an antineoplastic agent. It is a member of phenols and a hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone.", "Plumbagin is a compound investigated for its anticancer activity. It has been found that it inactivates the Akt/NF-kB, MMP-9 and VEGF pathways.", "Plumbagin is a natural product found in Drosera slackii, Diospyros hebecarpa, and other organisms with data available.", "Synthetic Plumbagin PCUR-101 is a synthetic form of the plant-derived medicinal agent, plumbagin, with potential antineoplastic activity.  Plumbagin may act by inhibiting the expression of protein kinase C epsilon (PKCe), signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 phosphorylation (Stat3), protein kinase B (AKT), and certain epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers, including vimentin and slug. This results in possible inhibition of proliferation in susceptible tumor cells.  PKCe, Stat3, AKT, and the EMT markers vimentin and slug have been linked to the induction and progression of prostate cancer."]], ["Imperatorin", "CC(=CCOC1=C2C(=CC3=C1OC=C3)C=CC(=O)O2)C", ["Imperatorin is a member of the class of psoralens that is psoralen substituted by a prenyloxy group at position 8. Isolated from Angelica dahurica and Angelica koreana, it acts as a acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. It has a role as an EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor and a metabolite.", "Imperatorin is a natural product found in Allium wallichii, Ammi visnaga, and other organisms with data available.", "Imperatorin is found in anise. Imperatorin is present in Aegle marmelos (bael fruit) and seeds of Pastinaca sativa (parsnip).Imperatorin is a furocoumarin and a phytochemical that has been isolated from Urena lobata L. (Malvaceae). It is biosynthesized from umbelliferone, a coumarin derivative.\n\nImperatorin has been shown to exhibit anti-hypertrophic and anti-convulsant functions (A7784, A7785).\n\nImperatorin belongs to the family of Furanocoumarins. These are polycyclic aromatic compounds containing a furan ring fused to a coumarin moeity."]], ["Indigo", "C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C(=C(N2)C3=NC4=CC=CC=C4C3=O)O", ["C.i. vat blue 1 is a dark blue powder with coppery luster. Occurs in isomeric forms (cis and trans). In solid state it is in the trans form. (NTP, 1992)", "Indigo dye is a member of hydroxyindoles.", "Indigo is a natural product found in Isatis tinctoria and Couroupita guianensis with data available.", "Indolesulfonic acid used as a dye in renal function testing for the detection of nitrates and chlorates, and in the testing of milk."]], ["Osthole", "CC(=CCC1=C(C=CC2=C1OC(=O)C=C2)OC)C", ["Osthole is a member of coumarins and a botanical anti-fungal agent. It has a role as a metabolite.", "Osthole is a natural product found in Murraya alata, Pentaceras australe, and other organisms with data available."]], ["Dihydralazine", "C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C(=NN=C2NN)NN", ["Dihydralazine is a member of phthalazines.", "Dihydralazine is under investigation in clinical trial NCT00311974 (The Effect of Dihydralazine on Kidney Function and Hormones in Healthy Individuals).", "1,4-Dihydrazinophthalazine. An antihypertensive agent with actions and uses similar to those of HYDRALAZINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p354)"]], ["Cytisine", "C1[C@H]2CNC[C@@H]1C3=CC=CC(=O)N3C2", ["Cytisine is an organic heterotricyclic compound that is the toxic principle in Laburnum seeds and is found in many members of the Fabaceae (legume, pea or bean) family. An acetylcholine agonist, it is widely used throughout Eastern Europe as an aid to giving up smoking. It has a role as a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist, a phytotoxin and a plant metabolite. It is an alkaloid, an organic heterotricyclic compound, a secondary amino compound, a lactam and a bridged compound.", "Cytisine is an alkaloid naturally derived from the Fabaceae family of plants including the genera Laburnum and Cytisus. Recent studies have shown it to be a more effective and significantly more affordable smoking cessation treatment than nicotine replacement therapy. Also known as baptitoxine or sophorine, cytisine has been used as a smoking cessation treatment since 1964, and is relatively unknown in regions outside of central and Eastern Europe. Cytisine is a partial nicotinic acetylcholine agonist with a half-life of 4.8 hours. Recent Phase III clinical trials using Tabex (a brand of Cytisine marketed by Sopharma AD) have shown similar efficacy to varenicline, but at a fraction of the cost.", "Cytisine is a natural product found in Viscum cruciatum, Thermopsis chinensis, and other organisms with data available."]], ["Captodiame", "CCCCSC1=CC=C(C=C1)C(C2=CC=CC=C2)SCCN(C)C", ["Captodiame is a diarylmethane.", "Captodiame, also known as captodiamine, is an antihistamine which is used as a sedative and anxiolytic. It is a derivative of diphenhydramine. Captodiame has been suggested for use in preventing benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome."]], ["Bufotenine", "CN(C)CCC1=CNC2=C1C=C(C=C2)O", ["Bufotenin is a tertiary amine that consists of N,N-dimethyltryptamine bearing an additional hydroxy substituent at position 5. It has a role as a hallucinogen and a coral metabolite. It is a tryptamine alkaloid and a tertiary amine. It is functionally related to a N,N-dimethyltryptamine.", "A hallucinogenic serotonin analog found in frog or toad skins, mushrooms, higher plants, and mammals, especially in the brains, plasma, and urine of schizophrenics. Bufotenin has been used as a tool in CNS studies and misused as a psychedelic.", "Bufotenine is a natural product found in Anadenanthera colubrina var. cebil, Anadenanthera, and other organisms with data available.", "Bufotenin (5-OH-DMT), is a tryptamine related to the neurotransmitter serotonin. It is an alkaloid found in the skin of some species of toads; in mushrooms, higher plants, and mammals. Bufotenin is a chemical constituent in the venom and eggs of several species of toads belonging to the Bufo genus, but most notably in the Colorado River toad (Bufo alvarius) as it is the only toad species in which bufotenin is present in large enough quantities for a psychoactive effect. Extracts of toad venom, containing bufotenin and other bioactive compounds, have been used in some traditional medicines (probably derived from Bufo gargarizans), which has been used medicinally for centuries in China. Bufotenin is a constituent of the seeds of Anadenanthera colubrina and Anadenanthera peregrina trees. Anadenanthera seeds have been used as an ingredient in psychedelic snuff preparations by indigenous cultures of the Caribbean, Central and South America. The acute toxicity (LD50) of bufotenin in rodents has been estimated at 200 to 300 mg/kg. Death occurs by respiratory arrest.", "A hallucinogenic serotonin analog found in frog or toad skins, mushrooms, higher plants, and mammals, especially in the brains, plasma, and urine of schizophrenics. Bufotenin has been used as a tool in CNS studies and misused as a psychedelic."]], ["Indoxyl sulfate", "C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C(=CN2)OS(=O)(=O)O", ["Indoxyl sulfate is an aryl sulfate that is indoxyl in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is substituted by a sulfo group. It has a role as a human metabolite. It is a member of indoles and an aryl sulfate. It is functionally related to an indoxyl. It is a conjugate acid of an indoxyl sulfate(1-).", "Indoxyl sulfate is a natural product found in Isatis tinctoria, Cissus discolor, and other organisms with data available.", "Indoxyl sulfate is a uremic toxin.  Uremic toxins can be subdivided into three major groups based upon their chemical and physical characteristics: 1) small, water-soluble, non-protein-bound compounds, such as urea; 2) small, lipid-soluble and/or protein-bound compounds, such as the phenols and 3) larger so-called middle-molecules, such as beta2-microglobulin. Chronic exposure of uremic toxins can lead to a number of conditions including renal damage, chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular disease.\nIndoxyl sulfate is a dietary protein metabolite, and also the metabolite of the common amino acid tryptophan. Indoxyl sulfate is a circulating uremic toxin stimulating glomerular sclerosis and interstitial fibrosis. Indoxyl sulfate is one of the well known substances of a group of protein-bound uremic retention solutes. Indoxyl sulfate increases the rate of progression of renal failure. In plasma, indoxyl sulfate is a protein-bound uremic solute that induces endothelial dysfunction by inhibiting endothelial proliferation and migration in vitro. Some studies suggest that indoxyl sulfate is also involved in oxidative stress. In hemodialyzed patients, serum levels of indoxyl sulfate are associated with levels of pentosidine, a marker of carbonyl and oxidative stress; in vitro, indoxyl sulfate increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in tubular cells, and increases NAD(P)H oxidase activity in endothelial cells. Indoxyl sulfate impairs osteoblst function and induces abnormalities of bone turnover. Indoxyl sulfate strongly decreases the levels of glutathione, one of the most active antioxidant systems of the cell. (A3273, A3274, A3275, A3276).", "A substance occurring in the urine of mammals and also in blood plasma as the normal metabolite of tryptophan. An increased urinary excretion of indican is seen in Hartnup disease from the bacterial degradation of unabsorbed tryptophan."]], ["2,4'-Biphenyldiamine", "C1=CC=C(C(=C1)C2=CC=C(C=C2)N)N", ["2,4'-Diphenyldiamine is a member of biphenyls."]], ["2-Phenylpropionic acid", "CC(C1=CC=CC=C1)C(=O)O", ["Hydratropic acid is a 2-arylpropionic acid carrying a phenyl group at position 2. It is a metabolite of alpha-methylstyrene (AMS), a volatile hydrocarbon. It has a role as a human xenobiotic metabolite. It is functionally related to a phenylacetic acid.", "2-Phenylpropionic acid is a natural product found in Aloe africana, Hoya coronaria, and other organisms with data available."]], ["(-)-Norephedrine", "C[C@@H]([C@@H](C1=CC=CC=C1)O)N", ["(-)-norephedrine is an amphetamine that is propylbenzene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1 and by an amino group at position 2 (the 1R,2S-stereoisomer). It is a plant alkaloid. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a member of amphetamines and a phenethylamine alkaloid.", "Phenylpropanolamine is a sympathomimetic agent that acts as a nonselective adrenergic receptor agonist and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor. It has been used as a decongestant and appetite suppressant. Currently, it is withdrawn from the market in Canada and the United States due to the risk for hemorrahgic strokes.", "(-)-Norephedrine is a natural product found in Catha edulis, Thymus quinquecostatus, and Ephedra sinica with data available.", "Phenylpropanolamine is an alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptor agonist with sympathomimetic activity. Phenylpropanolamine (PPA) binds to and activates alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors in the mucosa of the respiratory tract resulting in vasoconstriction and reduction in swelling of nasal mucous membranes and reduction in tissue hyperemia, edema, and nasal congestion. This agent also stimulates the release of norepinephrine from its storage sites resulting in the effects already described. Finally, PPA indirectly stimulates beta-receptors producing tachycardia and a positive inotropic effect.", "A sympathomimetic that acts mainly by causing release of NOREPINEPHRINE but also has direct agonist activity at some adrenergic receptors. It is most commonly used as a nasal vasoconstrictor and an appetite depressant."]], ["Melarsoprol", "C1C(S[As](S1)C2=CC=C(C=C2)NC3=NC(=NC(=N3)N)N)CO", ["Melarsoprol is a member of triazines.", "Melarsoprol is under investigation in clinical trial NCT00330148 (Randomized Clinical Trial of Three Drug Combinations for Late-Stage Gambiense Human African Trypanosomiasis).", "Melarsoprol is a natural product found in Carica papaya and Xenorhabdus nematophila with data available.", "Arsenical used in trypanosomiases. It may cause fatal encephalopathy and other undesirable side effects."]], ["Beclamide", "C1=CC=C(C=C1)CNC(=O)CCCl", ["Beclamide is a member of benzenes.", "Beclamide (N-benzyl-B-chloropropionamide) is a no longer used drug that possesses anticonvulsant and sedative activity. It was studied in the 1950s for generalised tonic-clonic seizures but was not effective for absence seizures."]], ["2-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)ethanol", "C1=CC(=CC=C1CCO)O", ["2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethanol is a phenol substituted at position 4 by a 2-hydroxyethyl group. It has a role as an anti-arrhythmia drug, an antioxidant, a cardiovascular drug, a protective agent, a fungal metabolite, a geroprotector and a plant metabolite. It is functionally related to a 2-phenylethanol.", "2-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)ethanol is a natural product found in Thalictrum petaloideum, Casearia sylvestris, and other organisms with data available.", "Tyrosol is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["Cycloheptanone", "C1CCCC(=O)CC1", ["Cycloheptanone is a natural product found in Gossypium hirsutum with data available."]], ["Caprolactone", "C1CCC(=O)OCC1", ["Hexano-6-lactone is a epsilon-lactone that is oxepane substituted by an oxo group at position 2.", "See also: Poliglecaprone 25 (monomer of); Poliglecaprone 90 (monomer of)."]], ["4-Hydroxy-4-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one", "CC1(CCOC(=O)C1)O", ["4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-oxanone is a delta-lactone.", "4-Hydroxy-4-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one is a natural product found in Phaeosphaeria herpotrichoides, Glycine max, and Phaseolus vulgaris with data available."]], ["Thiazolidine", "C1CSCN1", ["1,3-thiazolidine is a thiazolidine.", "thiazolidine is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.", "Reduced (protonated) form of THIAZOLES. They can be oxidized to THIAZOLIDINEDIONES."]], ["Hexacosanoic acid", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O", ["Hexacosanoic acid is a 26-carbon, straight-chain, saturated fatty acid. It is a very long-chain fatty acid, a straight-chain saturated fatty acid and a fatty acid 26:0. It is a conjugate acid of a cerotate.", "Hexacosanoic acid is a natural product found in Eleocharis dulcis, Teucrium royleanum, and other organisms with data available.", "Hexacosanoic acid, or cerotic acid, is a 26-carbon long-chain saturated fatty acid with the chemical formula CH3(CH2)24COOH. It is most commonly found in beeswax and carnauba wax, and is a white crystalline solid. (Wikipedia) X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD) is a peroxisomal disorder biochemically characterized by the accumulation of very long chain fatty acids (VLCFA), particularly hexacosanoic acid (C(26:0)) and tetracosanoic acid (C(24:0)), in tissues and biological fluids. (A3378)", "cerotic acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["Potassium silver cyanide", "[C-]#N.[C-]#N.[K+].[Ag+]", ["Potassium silver cyanide appears as white crystals. Poisonous. Used in silver plating, as a bactericide and in the manufacture of antiseptics. Not registered as a pesticide in the U.S. (EPA, 1998)", "Potassium silver cyanide is a chemical compound of potassium silver, and cyanide. It is used in silver plating, as a bactericide, and in the manufacture of antiseptics. Silver is a metallic element with the chemical symbol Ag and atomic number 47. It occurs naturally in its pure, free form, as an alloy with gold and other metals, and in minerals such as argentite and chlorargyrite. (L808, L809, L551)"]], ["Hartshorn salt", "C(=O)(O)O.N.N", ["See also: Ammonium Carbonate (preferred)."]], ["Methadyl acetate", "CCC(C(CC(C)N(C)C)(C1=CC=CC=C1)C2=CC=CC=C2)OC(=O)C", ["Acetylmethadol is a diarylmethane.", "A narcotic analgesic with a long onset and duration of action. It is used mainly in the treatment of narcotic dependence.", "A narcotic analgesic with a long onset and duration of action."]], ["Heptabarbital", "CCC1(C(=O)NC(=O)NC1=O)C2=CCCCCC2", ["Heptabarbital is a member of barbiturates.", "Heptabarbital is an intermediate or short term barbiturate used mainly for sedation and hypnosis."]], ["Echothiophate iodide", "CCOP(=O)(OCC)SCC[N+](C)(C)C.[I-]", ["Ecothiopate iodide is the iodide salt of ecothiopate. An irreversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, it is used an ocular antihypertensive in the treatment of open-angle glaucoma, particularly when other drugs have proved inadequate. It has a role as an antiglaucoma drug, an EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor and a miotic. It is an iodide salt and a quaternary ammonium salt. It contains an ecothiopate.", "Echothiophate Iodide is the iodide salt form of echothiophate, a long-acting cholinesterase inhibitor with parasympathomimetic activity. Echothiophate iodide potentiates the action of endogenous acetylcholine by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase that hydrolyzes acetylcholine. When applied topically to the eye, this agent prolongs stimulation of the parasympathetic receptors at the neuromuscular junctions of the longitudinal muscle of the ciliary body. Contraction of longitudinal muscle pulls on the scleral spur, and opens the trabecular meshwork, thereby increases aqueous humor outflow from the eye and reduces intraocular pressure.", "A potent, long-acting cholinesterase inhibitor used as a miotic in the treatment of glaucoma."]], ["Echothiophate", "CCOP(=O)(OCC)SCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["Ecothiopate is the phosphorothioate obtained by formal condensation of diethyl phosphate with N,N,N-trimethyl-2-sulfanylethanaminium. An irreversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, its iodide salt is used an ocular antihypertensive in the treatment of open-angle glaucoma, particularly when other drugs have proved inadequate. It has a role as an EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor and a miotic. It is an organic thiophosphate, a member of phosphocholines and a quaternary ammonium ion.", "A potent, long-acting irreversible cholinesterase inhibitor used as an ocular hypertensive in the treatment of glaucoma. Occasionally used for accomodative esotropia.", "Echothiophate is a Cholinesterase Inhibitor. The mechanism of action of echothiophate is as a Cholinesterase Inhibitor.", "Echothiophate is a natural product found in Streptomyces hygroscopicus with data available.", "A potent, long-acting cholinesterase inhibitor used as a miotic in the treatment of glaucoma."]], ["Dithiazanine iodide", "CCN1C2=CC=CC=C2SC1=CC=CC=CC3=[N+](C4=CC=CC=C4S3)CC.[I-]", ["Dithiazanine iodide appears as green, needle-like crystals. Used as a veterinary anthelmintic, as a sensitizer for photographic emulsions and as an insecticides. Not registered as a pesticide in the U.S. (EPA, 1998)", "3-Ethyl-2-(5-(3-ethyl-2-benzothiazolinylidene)-1,3- pentadienyl)benzothiazolium. A benzothiazole that was formerly used as an antinematodal agent and is currently used as a fluorescent dye."]], ["Cyclohexane, 1-ethenyl-1-methyl-2,4-bis(1-methylethenyl)-, (1R,2R,4S)-rel-", "CC(=C)C1CCC(C(C1)C(=C)C)(C)C=C", ["Cyclohexane, 1-ethenyl-1-methyl-2,4-bis(1-methylethenyl)-, (1R,2R,4S)-rel- is a natural product found in Xylopia aromatica, Wurfbainia neoaurantiaca, and other organisms with data available."]], ["Methallenestril", "CCC(C1=CC2=C(C=C1)C=C(C=C2)OC)C(C)(C)C(=O)O", ["Methallenestril is a member of naphthalenes."]], ["7,11b-Dihydroindeno[2,1-c]chromene-3,4,6a,9,10(6H)-pentol", "C1C2=CC(=C(C=C2C3C1(COC4=C3C=CC(=C4O)O)O)O)O", ["Hematoxylin appears as white to yellowish crystals that redden on exposure to light. (NTP, 1992)", "Haematoxylin is an organic heterotetracyclic compound 7,11b-dihydroindeno[2,1-c]chromene carrying five hydroxy substituents at positions 3, 4, 6a, 9 and 10. The most important and most used dye in histology, histochemistry, histopathology and in cytology. It has a role as a plant metabolite and a histological dye. It is an organic heterotetracyclic compound, a polyphenol, a tertiary alcohol and an oxacycle.", "7,11b-Dihydroindeno[2,1-c]chromene-3,4,6a,9,10(6H)-pentol is a natural product found in Haematoxylum campechianum with data available.", "A dye obtained from the heartwood of logwood (Haematoxylon campechianum Linn., Leguminosae) used as a stain in microscopy and in the manufacture of ink."]], ["Fluorescein sodium", "C1=CC=C(C(=C1)C2=C3C=CC(=O)C=C3OC4=C2C=CC(=C4)[O-])C(=O)[O-].[Na+].[Na+]", ["Fluorescein, disodium salt is an orange-red to dark red powder. Water-soluble form of fluorescein. Odorless and almost tasteless. pH (5% solution) 7.8. May be sensitive to prolonged exposure to light and to heat.", "A phthalic indicator dye that appears yellow-green in normal tear film and bright green in a more alkaline medium such as the aqueous humor."]], ["Florantyrone", "C1=CC2=C3C(=C1)C4=C(C3=CC=C2)C=C(C=C4)C(=O)CCC(=O)O", ["Florantyrone is a butanone.", "Florantyrone is used in the treatment of biliary dyskinesia"]], ["Hesperidin", "C[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O1)OC[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O2)OC3=CC(=C4C(=O)C[C@H](OC4=C3)C5=CC(=C(C=C5)OC)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O", ["Hesperidin is a disaccharide derivative that consists of hesperetin substituted by a 6-O-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. It has a role as a mutagen. It is a disaccharide derivative, a member of 3'-hydroxyflavanones, a dihydroxyflavanone, a monomethoxyflavanone, a flavanone glycoside, a member of 4'-methoxyflavanones and a rutinoside. It is functionally related to a hesperetin.", "Hesperidin is a flavan-on glycoside found in citrus fruits.", "Hesperidin is a natural product found in Ficus erecta var. beecheyana, Citrus tankan, and other organisms with data available.", "A flavanone glycoside found in CITRUS fruit peels."]], ["Mestanolone", "C[C@]12CCC(=O)C[C@@H]1CC[C@@H]3[C@@H]2CC[C@]4([C@H]3CC[C@]4(C)O)C", ["Mestanolone is a 3-oxo-5alpha-steroid."]], ["Androstenediol", "C[C@]12CC[C@H]3[C@H]([C@@H]1CC[C@@H]2O)CC=C4[C@@]3(CC[C@@H](C4)O)C", ["Androst-5-ene-3beta,17beta-diol is a 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid that is 3beta-hydroxyandrost-5-ene carrying an additional hydroxy group at position 17beta. It has a role as an androgen, a human metabolite, a mouse metabolite and a radiation protective agent. It is a 17beta-hydroxy steroid and a 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid. It derives from a hydride of an androstane.", "Androstenediol is an intermediate in [testosterone] biosynthesis, found in the testis or the adrenal glands. Androstenediol, derived from dehydroepiandrosterone by the reduction of the 17-keto group (17-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases), is converted to testosterone by the oxidation of the 3-beta hydroxyl group to a 3-keto group (3-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases).", "Androstenediol is a natural product found in Homo sapiens with data available.", "Androstenediol is a direct metabolite of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and a precursor for testosterone with immunostimulatory activity and minimal androgenic activity. Androstenediol stimulates the differentiation of hematopoietic precursor cells into leukocytes and platelets, which can counteract the immunotoxicity of radiation exposure.", "An intermediate in TESTOSTERONE biosynthesis, found in the TESTIS or the ADRENAL GLANDS. Androstenediol, derived from DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE by the reduction of the 17-keto group (17-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASES), is converted to TESTOSTERONE by the oxidation of the 3-beta hydroxyl group to a 3-keto group (3-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASES)."]], ["Androstanolone", "C[C@]12CCC(=O)C[C@@H]1CC[C@@H]3[C@@H]2CC[C@]4([C@H]3CC[C@@H]4O)C", ["17beta-hydroxy-5alpha-androstan-3-one is a 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the 4,5 double bond has been reduced to a single bond with alpha-configuration at position 5. It has a role as an androgen, a human metabolite, a Daphnia magna metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a 17beta-hydroxy steroid, a 17beta-hydroxyandrostan-3-one and a 3-oxo-5alpha-steroid. It derives from a hydride of a 5alpha-androstane.", "A potent androgenic metabolite of testosterone. Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) is generated by a 5-alpha reduction of testosterone. Unlike testosterone, DHT cannot be aromatized to estradiol therefore DHT is considered a pure androgenic steroid.", "Androstanolone is a natural product found in Daphnia magna, Aeromonas veronii, and Homo sapiens with data available.", "Dihydrotestosterone is a potent androgenic metabolite of testosterone. Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) is generated by a 5-alpha reduction of testosterone. Unlike testosterone, DHT cannot be aromatized to estradiol therefore DHT is considered a pure androgenic steroid. -- Pubchem; Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) (INN: androstanolone) is a biologically active metabolite of the hormone testosterone, formed primarily in the prostate gland, testes, hair follicles, and adrenal glands by the enzyme 5-alpha-reductase by means of reducing the alpha 4,5 double-bond. Dihydrotestosterone belongs to the class of compounds called androgens, also commonly called androgenic hormones or testoids. DHT is thought to be approximately 30 times more potent than testosterone because of increased affinity to the androgen receptor. -- Wikipedia.", "A potent androgenic metabolite of TESTOSTERONE. It is produced by the action of the enzyme 3-OXO-5-ALPHA-STEROID 4-DEHYDROGENASE."]], ["Tetrahydrozoline hydrochloride", "C1CC(C2=CC=CC=C2C1)C3=NCCN3.Cl", ["Tetrahydrozoline hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt of tetryzoline. It is used as a nasal decongestant. It has a role as a sympathomimetic agent, a vasoconstrictor agent and a nasal decongestant. It contains a tetryzoline(1+).", "Tetrahydrozoline Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of tetrahydrozoline, an imidazole derivative with sympathomimetic property. Applied locally to the eye or nose, tetrahydrozoline binds to and activates alpha-adrenergic receptors, resulting in vasoconstriction and decreased nasal and ophthalmic congestion."]], ["Dequalinium chloride", "CC1=[N+](C2=CC=CC=C2C(=C1)N)CCCCCCCCCC[N+]3=C(C=C(C4=CC=CC=C43)N)C.[Cl-].[Cl-]", ["Dequalinium chloride is an organic chloride salt that is the dichloride salt of dequalinium. It has a role as an antiseptic drug, a mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone reductase inhibitor, an antifungal agent and an antineoplastic agent. It contains a dequalinium.", "A topical bacteriostat that is available as various salts. It is used in wound dressings and mouth infections and may also have antifungal action, but may cause skin ulceration."]], ["Apiole", "COC1=C2C(=C(C(=C1)CC=C)OC)OCO2", ["Apiole is a member of benzodioxoles. It has a role as a metabolite.", "Apiole is a natural product found in Niphogeton dissecta, Asarum hypogynum, and other organisms with data available."]], ["8-Chlorotheophylline", "CN1C2=C(C(=O)N(C1=O)C)NC(=N2)Cl", ["8-chlorotheophylline is 1,3-Dimethylxanthine in which the hydrogen at position 8 is substituted by chlorine. It has a role as a central nervous system stimulant. It is a member of purines and an organochlorine compound. It is a conjugate acid of an 8-chlorotheophylline(1-).", "8-Chlorotheophylline is a stimulant drug of the xanthine chemical class, with physiological effects similar to caffeine. Its main use is in combination with [Diphenhydramine] as the antiemetic drug [Dimenhydrinate]. The stimulant properties of 8-chlorotheophylline are thought to ward off the drowsiness caused by diphenhydramine's anti-histamine activity in the central nervous system.   8-chlorotheophylline produces a number of effects including nervousness, restlessness, insomnia, headache, and nausea, which are primarily attributed to its ability to block the adenosine receptor. Because adenosine causes a decrease in neuronal firing, blockade of the adenosine receptor causes the reverse effect resulting in excitation."]], ["Dimethylthiambutene", "CC(C=C(C1=CC=CS1)C2=CC=CS2)N(C)C", ["Dimethylthiambutene is n,N-Dimethylbut-3-en-2-amine in which each of the hydrogens at position 4 is substituted by a 2-thienyl group. An opioid analgesic drug, it is controlled under the UN Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs (1961), but is used in veterinary medicine, particularly in Japan. It has a role as an opioid analgesic. It is a member of thiophenes and a tertiary amine.", "Dimethylthiambutene (N,N-Dimethyl-1-methyl-3,3-di-2-thienylallylamine, Dimethibutin, Ohton) is an opioid analgesic drug. It is now under international control under Schedule I of the UN Single Convention On Narcotic Drugs 1961, presumably due to high abuse potential, although little more information is available."]], ["Thiamine nitrate", "CC1=C(SC=[N+]1CC2=CN=C(N=C2N)C)CCO.[N+](=O)([O-])[O-]", ["3-((4-Amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl)-5-(2- hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazolium chloride."]], ["Amylocaine", "CCC(C)(CN(C)C)OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1", ["Stovaine is a benzoate ester.", "Despite the introduction of using cocaine injections for regional anesthesia in 1884, non-addictive substitutes were sought after immediately. Finally, in 1903 the world's first synthetic and non-addictive local anesthetic, amylocaine, was synthesized and patented under the name Forneaucaine by Ernest Fourneau at the Pasteur Institute. Elsewhere in English speaking countries it was referred to as Stovaine, given the meaning of the French word 'fourneau' as 'stove' in English.  Although amylocaine could be administered topically or injected, it was most widely used for spinal anesthesia. Even though it certainly possessed less severe side effects than cocaine, the eventual development and clinical use of newer, more effective, and even safer local anesthetics like lidocaine, bupivicaine, and prilocaine in the 1940s and 1950s superseded and made the use of amylocaine obsolete."]], ["Hexylcaine", "CC(CNC1CCCCC1)OC(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2", ["Hexylcaine is a benzoate ester.", "Hexylcaine hydrochloride is also known as cyclaine and osmocaine. It is a short acting local anesthetic that acts through inhibition of sodium channels. Patients experience an overdose may present with headache, tinnitus, numbness and tingling around the mouth and tongue, convulsions, inability to breathe, and decreased heart function. Hexylcaine has been discontinued in the US market."]], ["Vanylglycol", "COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C(CO)O)O", ["3-Methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethyleneglycol is a member of phenols and a member of methoxybenzenes.", "Vanylglycol is a natural product found in Aspalathus linearis with data available.", "Synthesized from endogenous epinephrine and norepinephrine in vivo. It is found in brain, blood, CSF, and urine, where its concentrations are used to measure catecholamine turnover."]], ["Bis(2-chloroethyl)ethylamine", "CCN(CCCl)CCCl", ["Ethylbis(2-chloroethyl)amine is a dark liquid with a faint, fishy amine odor. Used as a delayed-action, military casualty agent."]], ["2-Bromoethanol", "C(CBr)O", ["2-bromoethanol is a colorless to dark brown liquid. Sweet burning taste. (NTP, 1992)"]], ["Levocarnitine", "C[N+](C)(C)C[C@@H](CC(=O)[O-])O", ["(R)-carnitine is the (R)-enantiomer of carnitine. It has a role as an antilipemic drug, a water-soluble vitamin (role), a nutraceutical, a nootropic agent and a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite. It is a conjugate base of a (R)-carnitinium. It is an enantiomer of a (S)-carnitine.", "Constituent of striated muscle and liver. It is used therapeutically to stimulate gastric and pancreatic secretions and in the treatment of hyperlipoproteinemias.", "L-Carnitine is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).", "Levocarnitine is a Carnitine Analog.", "Levocarnitine is a natural product found in Mucidula mucida, Pseudo-nitzschia multistriata, and other organisms with data available.", "Levocarnitine is an amino acid derivative.  Levocarnitine facilitates long-chain fatty acid entry into mitochondria, delivering substrate for oxidation and subsequent energy production. Fatty acids are utilized as an energy substrate in all tissues except the brain. (NCI04)", "Carnitine is not an essential amino acid; it can be synthesized in the body. However, it is so important in providing energy to muscles including the heart-that some researchers are now recommending carnitine supplements in the diet, particularly for people who do not consume much red meat, the main food source for carnitine. Carnitine has been described as a vitamin, an amino acid, or a metabimin, i.e., an essential metabolite. Like the B vitamins, carnitine contains nitrogen and is very soluble in water, and to some researchers carnitine is a vitamin (Liebovitz 1984). It was found that an animal (yellow mealworm) could not grow without carnitine in its diet. However, as it turned out, almost all other animals, including humans, do make their own carnitine; thus, it is no longer considered a vitamin. Nevertheless, in certain circumstances-such as deficiencies of methionine, lysine or vitamin C or kidney dialysis--carnitine shortages develop. Under these conditions, carnitine must be absorbed from food, and for this reason it is sometimes referred to as a metabimin or a conditionally essential metabolite. Like the other amino acids used or manufactured by the body, carnitine is an amine. But like choline, which is sometimes considered to be a B vitamin, carnitine is also an alcohol (specifically, a trimethylated carboxy-alcohol). Thus, carnitine is an unusual amino acid and has different functions than most other amino acids, which are most usually employed by the body in the construction of protein. Carnitine is an essential factor in fatty acid metabolism in mammals. It's most important known metabolic function is to transport fat into the mitochondria of muscle cells, including those in the heart, for oxidation. This is how the heart gets most of its energy. In humans, about 25% of carnitine is synthesized in the liver, kidney and brain from the amino acids lysine and methionine. Most of the carnitine in the body comes from dietary sources such as red meat and dairy products. Inborn errors of carnitine metabolism can lead to brain deterioration like that of Reye's syndrome, gradually worsening muscle weakness, Duchenne-like muscular dystrophy and extreme muscle weakness with fat accumulation in muscles. Borurn et al. (1979) describe carnitine as an essential nutrient for pre-term babies, certain types (non-ketotic) of hypoglycemics, kidney dialysis patients, cirrhosis, and in kwashiorkor, type IV hyperlipidemia, heart muscle disease (cardiomyopathy), and propionic or organic aciduria (acid urine resulting from genetic or other anomalies). In all these conditions and the inborn errors of carnitine metabolism, carnitine is essential to life and carnitine supplements are valuable. carnitine therapy may also be useful in a wide variety of clinical conditions. carnitine supplementation has improved some patients who have angina secondary to coronary artery disease. It may be worth a trial in any form of hyperlipidemia or muscle weakness. carnitine supplements may be useful in many forms of toxic or metabolic liver disease and in cases of heart muscle disease. Hearts undergoing severe arrhythmia quickly deplete their stores of carnitine. Athletes, particularly in Europe, have used carnitine supplements for improved endurance. carnitine may improve muscle building by improving fat utilization and may even be useful in treating obesity. carnitine joins a long list of nutrients which may be of value in treating pregnant women, hypothyroid individuals, and male infertility due to low motility of sperm. Even the Physician's Desk Reference gives indication for carnitine supplements as improving the tolerance of ischemic heart disease, myocardial insufficiencies, and type IV hyperlipoproteinemia. carnitine deficiency is noted in abnormal liver function, renal dialysis patients, and severe to moderate muscular weakness with associated anorexia.", "(R)-Carnitine is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.", "A constituent of STRIATED MUSCLE and LIVER. It is an amino acid derivative and an essential cofactor for fatty acid metabolism."]], ["Decamethonium bromide", "C[N+](C)(C)CCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C.[Br-].[Br-]", ["Crystals derived from methanol and acetone. (NTP, 1992)"]], ["Carbocloral", "CCOC(=O)NC(C(Cl)(Cl)Cl)O", ["Carbocloral is a carbamate ester."]], ["Malonaldehyde", "C(C=O)C=O", ["Malonaldehyde is a dialdehyde that is propane substituted by two oxo groups at the terminal carbon atoms respectively. A biomarker of oxidative damage to lipids caused by smoking, it exists in vivo mainly in the enol form. It has a role as a biomarker.", "Malonaldehyde is the dialdehyde of [malonic acid].", "Malonaldehyde is a natural product found in Azadirachta indica, Houttuynia cordata, and other organisms with data available.", "Malondialdehyde is an organic compound with the formula CH2(CHO)2, and a byproduct of lipid metabolism in the body. Malondialdehyde, a highly reactive compound, is one of the many reactive electrophile species that cause toxic stress in cells and form covalent protein adducts, called advanced lipoxidation end products (ALE). This compound also forms mutagenic DNA adducts when it reacts with deoxyadenosine and deoxyguanosine in DNA. Malondialdehyde is also found in many foods and is present in high levels in rancid foods.", "Malondialdehyde is a uremic toxin.  Uremic toxins can be subdivided into three major groups based upon their chemical and physical characteristics: 1) small, water-soluble, non-protein-bound compounds, such as urea; 2) small, lipid-soluble and/or protein-bound compounds, such as the phenols and 3) larger so-called middle-molecules, such as beta2-microglobulin. Chronic exposure of uremic toxins can lead to a number of conditions including renal damage, chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular disease. \nMalondialdehyde (MDA) is the dialdehyde of malonic acid and a biomarker of oxidative damage to lipids caused by smoking. Oxidized lipids are able to produce MDA as a decomposition product. The mechanism is thought to involve formation of prostaglandin-like endoperoxides from polyunsaturated fatty acids with two or more double bonds. An alternative mechanism is based on successive hydroperoxide formation and _-cleavage of polyunsaturated fatty acids. MDA is then directly formed by _-scission of a 3-hydroperoxyaldehyde or by reaction between acrolein and hydroxyl radicals. While oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids is the major source of MDA in vivo, other minor sources exists such as byproducts of free radical generation by ionizing radiation and of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. Aldehydes are generally reactive species capable of forming adducts and complexes in biological systems and MDA is no exception although the main species at physiological pH is the enolate ion which is of relative low reactivity. Consistent evidence is available for the reaction between MDA and cellular macromolecules such as proteins, RNA and DNA. MDA reacts with DNA to form adducts to deoxyguanosine and deoxyadenosine which may be mutagenic and these can be quantified in several human tissues. Oxidative stress is an imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants on a cellular or individual level. Oxidative damage is one result of such an imbalance and includes oxidative modification of cellular macromolecules, induction of cell death by apoptosis or necrosis, as well as structural tissue damage. Chemically speaking, oxidants are compounds capable of oxidizing target molecules. This can take place in three ways: abstraction of hydrogen, abstraction of electrons or addition of oxygen. All cells living under aerobic conditions are continuously exposed to a large numbers of oxidants derived from various endogenous and exogenous sources. The endogenous sources of oxidants are several and include the respiratory chain in the mitochondria, immune reactions, enzymes such as xanthine oxidase and nitric oxide synthase and transition metal mediated oxidation. Various exogenous sources of ROS also contribute directly or indirectly to the total oxidant load. These include effects of ionizing and non-ionizing radiation, air pollution and natural toxic gases such as ozone, and chemicals and toxins including oxidizing disinfectants. A poor diet containing inadequate amounts of nutrients may also indirectly result in oxidative stress by impairing cellular defense mechanisms. The cellular macromolecules, in particular lipids, proteins and DNA, are natural targets of oxidation. Oxidants are capable of initiating lipid oxidation by abstraction of an allylic proton from a polyunsaturated fatty acid. This process, by multiple stages leading to the formation of lipid hydroperoxides, is a known contributor to the development of atherosclerosis. (A3296).", "The dialdehyde of malonic acid."]], ["Triethylenephosphoramide", "C1CN1P(=O)(N2CC2)N3CC3", ["Tris(1-aziridinyl) phosphine oxide appears as a colorless crystalline solid. Shipped as an aqueous solution. Toxic by skin absorption, ingestion or inhalation. Produces toxic oxides of nitrogen during combustion. Used as a pesticide.", "Tris(1-aziridinyl)phosphine oxide is a phosphoramide.", "An insect chemosterilant and an antineoplastic agent."]], ["Lucanthone hydrochloride", "CCN(CC)CCNC1=C2C(=C(C=C1)C)SC3=CC=CC=C3C2=O.Cl", ["One of the SCHISTOSOMICIDES, it has been replaced largely by HYCANTHONE and more recently PRAZIQUANTEL. (From Martindale The Extrapharmacopoeia, 30th ed., p46)"]], ["Propoxycaine hydrochloride", "CCCOC1=C(C=CC(=C1)N)C(=O)OCCN(CC)CC.Cl", ["Propoxycaine Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of propoxycaine, a para-aminobenzoic acid ester with local anesthetic activity. Propoxycaine binds to and inhibits voltage-gated sodium channels, thereby inhibiting the ionic flux required for the initiation and conduction of impulses. This results in a loss of sensation.", "A local anesthetic of the ester type that has a rapid onset of action and a longer duration of action than procaine hydrochloride. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1017)"]], ["Naphazoline hydrochloride", "C1CN=C(N1)CC2=CC=CC3=CC=CC=C32.Cl", ["Naphazoline is an organic molecular entity.", "Naphazoline Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of naphazoline, an imidazole derivative and a direct-acting sympathomimetic amine with vasoconstrictive properties. Upon ocular administration, naphazoline hydrochloride exerts its effect by acting on alpha-adrenergic receptors in the arterioles of the conjunctiva to produce vasoconstriction, resulting in decreased conjunctival congestion and diminished itching, irritation and redness.", "An adrenergic vasoconstrictor agent used as a decongestant."]], ["Hematoporphyrin", "CC1=C(C2=CC3=NC(=CC4=NC(=CC5=C(C(=C(N5)C=C1N2)C(C)O)C)C(=C4CCC(=O)O)C)C(=C3C)CCC(=O)O)C(C)O", ["Hematoporphyrin is a dicarboxylic acid that is protoporphyrin in which the vinyl groups at positions 7 and 12 are replaced by 1-hydroxyethyl groups. It has a role as a photosensitizing agent. It is a member of protoporphyrins and a dicarboxylic acid. It is functionally related to a protoporphyrin.", "Hemoporfin is a light-activated compound, with potential photosensitizing activity upon photodynamic therapy (PDT). Upon administration of hemoporfin and following photoactivation with an appropriate wavelength, hemoporfin generates highly reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as cytotoxic singlet oxygen species, and induces oxidative stress that results in the damage and death of cells.", "Iron-free derivatives of heme with 4 methyl groups, 2 hydroxyethyl groups and 2 propionic acid groups attached to the pyrrole rings. Some of these PHOTOSENSITIZING AGENTS are used in the PHOTOTHERAPY of malignant NEOPLASMS."]], ["Methyl thiocyanate", "CSC#N", ["Methyl thiocyanate is a colorless liquid and an odor of onions. Used as an agricultural insecticide, a fumigant and as a research chemical. No evidence of commercial production in the U.S. (EPA, 1998)", "Methyl thiocyanate is a member of the class of thiocyanates that is the methyl ester of thiocyanic acid.", "Methyl thiocyanate is a natural product found in Carica papaya with data available.", "Methyl thiocyanate is a chemical compound of cyanide."]], ["Dicyanonickel", "[C-]#N.[C-]#N.[Ni+2]", ["Nickel cyanide is a chemical compound of nickel and cyanide. Nickel is a chemical compound with the atomic number 28. It is found abundantly in nature in laterite ore minerals, such as limonite, garnierite, and pentlandite. Nickel has a biological role and is found in certain enzymes, including urease, hydrogenase, methylcoenzyme M reductase, and carbon monoxide dehydrogenase. (L40, L41)"]], ["18-Hydroxycorticosterone", "C[C@]12CCC(=O)C=C1CC[C@@H]3[C@@H]2[C@H](C[C@]4([C@H]3CC[C@@H]4C(=O)CO)CO)O", ["18-hydroxycorticosterone is a 18-hydroxy steroid that is corticosterone substituted by a hydroxy group at position 18. It has a role as a human metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a 18-hydroxy steroid, an 11beta-hydroxy steroid, a 20-oxo steroid, a 21-hydroxy steroid, a 3-oxo steroid and a primary alpha-hydroxy ketone. It is functionally related to a corticosterone.", "11 beta,18,21-Trihydroxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione. 18-Hydroxycorticosterone is a derivative of corticosterone. It serves as an intermediate in the synthesis of aldosterone by the enzyme aldosterone synthase in the zona glomerulosa.", "11 beta,18,21-Trihydroxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione."]], ["Doxylamine succinate", "CC(C1=CC=CC=C1)(C2=CC=CC=N2)OCCN(C)C.C(CC(=O)O)C(=O)O", ["Doxylamine succinate appears as white or creamy white powder. pH (1% aqueous solution) between 4.9 and 5.1. (NTP, 1992)", "Doxylamine succinate is an organic molecular entity.", "Doxylamine Succinate is a pyridine derivate histamine H1 antagonist with pronounced sedative properties. Doxylamine succinate competitively blocks the histamine H1 receptor and limits the typical allergic and anaphylactic responses, including bronchoconstriction, vasodilation, increased capillary permeability, and spasmodic contraction of gastrointestinal smooth muscle, caused by actions of histamine on bronchial and gastrointestinal smooth muscles, and on capillaries. This drug also prevents histamine-induced pain and itching of the skin and mucous membranes."]], ["Phenoperidine", "CCOC(=O)C1(CCN(CC1)CCC(C2=CC=CC=C2)O)C3=CC=CC=C3", ["Phenoperidine is a member of piperidines.", "A narcotic analgesic partly metabolized to meperidine in the liver. It is similar to morphine in action and used for neuroleptanalgesia, usually with droperidol."]], ["Ferrous Carbonate", "C(=O)([O-])[O-].[Fe+2]", ["Ferrous carbonate is a carbonate salt in which the counter-ion is iron in the +2 oxidation state. It is a carbonate salt, a one-carbon compound, an iron molecular entity and a carbonate mineral.", "Siderite is a mineral with formula of Fe2+CO3 or Fe(CO3). The IMA symbol is Sd."]], ["Chlorotrianisene", "COC1=CC=C(C=C1)C(=C(C2=CC=C(C=C2)OC)Cl)C3=CC=C(C=C3)OC", ["Small white crystals or white powder. Softens at 226 \u00b0F. Odorless. (NTP, 1992)", "Chlorotrianisene is a chloroalkene. It has a role as an estrogen receptor modulator, an antineoplastic agent and a xenoestrogen. It derives from a hydride of a stilbene.", "Chlorotrianisene is an orally bioavailable, highly lipophilic, synthetic triphenylethylene (TPE) derivative and selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM), with predominantly estrogenic but also antiestrogenic activities. Upon administration, chlorotrianisene binds to estrogen receptors (ER) and, depending on the responsive target cells, either activates or blocks ER activity. This modulates the expression of ER-responsive genes in a tissue-specific manner. This agent may increase bone mineral density, modify the lipid profile and ameliorate vasomotor symptoms. Chlorotrianisene inhibits the pituitary secretion of the gonadotropins luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) through a negative feedback mechanism.", "A powerful synthetic, non-steroidal estrogen."]], ["Phenindamine", "CN1CCC2=C(C1)C(C3=CC=CC=C23)C4=CC=CC=C4", ["Phenindamine is an indene.", "Phenindamine is an antihistamine. Phenindamine blocks the effects of the naturally occurring chemical histamine in your body. Antihistamines such as phenindamine appear to compete with histamine for histamine H1- receptor sites on effector cells. The antihistamines antagonize those pharmacological effects of histamine which are mediated through activation of H1- receptor sites and thereby reduce the intensity of allergic reactions and tissue injury response involving histamine release.  It is used to treat sneezing, runny nose, itching, watery eyes, hives, rashes, itching, and other symptoms of allergies and the common cold. Symptoms of a phenindamine overdose include extreme sleepiness, confusion, weakness, ringing in the ears, blurred vision, large pupils, dry mouth, flushing, fever, shaking, insomnia, hallucinations, and possibly seizures.", "Phenindamine is an antihistamine. Phenindamine blocks the effects of the naturally occurring chemical histamine in your body. Antihistamines such as phenindamine appear to compete with histamine for histamine H1- receptor sites on effector cells. The antihistamines antagonize those pharmacological effects of histamine which are mediated through activation of H1- receptor sites and thereby reduce the intensity of allergic reactions and tissue injury response involving histamine release.  It is used to treat sneezing, runny nose, itching, watery eyes, hives, rashes, itching, and other symptoms of allergies and the common cold.\nSymptoms of a phenindamine overdose include extreme sleepiness, confusion, weakness, ringing in the ears, blurred vision, large pupils, dry mouth, flushing, fever, shaking, insomnia, hallucinations, and possibly seizures.\n"]], ["Docusate", "CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)CC(C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC)S(=O)(=O)O", ["1,4-bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate is a diester and an organosulfonic acid.", "Docusate, or dioctyl sulfosuccinate, is a stool softener indicated for the treatment of constipation. Docusate acts by increasing the amount of water the stool absorbs in the gut, making the stool softer and easier to pass. Docusate can be orally or rectally administered. Docusate is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. However the effectiveness of docusate in treating constipation remains unclear, as several studies report docusate to be no more effective than placebo for increasing the frequency of stool or stool softening. Recently there has been pressure to stop prescribing docusate as it has been identified as an ineffective medicine. Additionally, it does not appear to lessen symptoms associated with constipation such as abdominal cramps. Still docusate is available in over-the-counter products as a common laxative.", "Docusate is an orally available, over-the-counter laxative and stool softener used to treat or prevent constipation. Docusate has not been linked to serum enzyme elevations during therapy or to clinically apparent liver injury with jaundice.", "All-purpose surfactant, wetting agent, and solubilizer used in the drug, cosmetics, and food industries. It has also been used in laxatives and as cerumenolytics. It is usually administered as either the calcium, potassium, or sodium salt."]], ["Diloxanide", "CN(C1=CC=C(C=C1)O)C(=O)C(Cl)Cl", ["Diloxanide (as [Diloxanide furoate]) is an anti-protozoal drug used in the treatment of Entamoeba histolytica and some other protozoal infections. Although it is not currently approved for use in the United States, it was approved by a CDC study in the treatment of 4,371 cases of Entamoeba histolytica from 1977 to 1990."]], ["Isoxsuprine hydrochloride", "CC(COC1=CC=CC=C1)NC(C)C(C2=CC=C(C=C2)O)O.Cl", ["Isoxsuprine hydrochloride is an alkylbenzene.", "Isoxsuprine Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt of isoxsuprine, a benzyl alcohol derivative with vasodilator activity. The mechanism of action of isoxsuprine hydrochloride is controversial because this drug has beta-adrenergic agonist activities that are not reversed by beta-adrenergic blockers. Although stimulation of the beta adrenergic receptor increases blood flow to produce vasodilatation, this drug may also have direct effects on the contractility of smooth muscle. Isoxsuprine hydrochloride also causes relaxation of uterine smooth muscle and may also produce positive inotropic and chronotropic effects on the myocardium.", "A beta-adrenergic agonist that causes direct relaxation of uterine and vascular smooth muscle. Its vasodilating actions are greater on the arteries supplying skeletal muscle than on those supplying skin. It is used in the treatment of peripheral vascular disease and in premature labor."]], ["Anatabine", "C1C=CCN[C@@H]1C2=CN=CC=C2", ["Anatabine is a member of bipyridines.", "Anatabine is a natural product found in Nicotiana cavicola, Nicotiana benavidesii, and other organisms with data available.", "Anatabine is an alkaloid found in low concentrations in plants in the Solanaceae family, which includes tobacco and tomato plants, with potential nicotine mimetic and anti-inflammatory activities. Following oral administration, anatabine may mimic the neurological effects of nicotine exposure. This agent may not have the addictive properties of nicotine; therefore, it may be appropriate for use in treating nicotine withdrawal symptoms during smoking cessation. Anatabine may also exert its anti-inflammatory effect by the inhibition of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) which then prevents the activation of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB), which is a key regulator of proinflammatory cytokine release. Urine concentrations of anatabine can be used to assess the extent of tobacco use."]], ["Mercuric benzoate", "C1=CC=C(C=C1)C(=O)[O-].C1=CC=C(C=C1)C(=O)[O-].[Hg+2]", ["Mercury benzoate appears as a white crystalline odorless solid. Melting point 165 \u00b0C. Sensitive to light. Highly toxic by inhalation and ingestion.", "Mercuric benzoate is an organomercuric compound. Mercury is a heavy, silvery d-block metal and one of six elements that are liquid at or near room temperature and pressure. It is a naturally occuring substance, and combines with other elements such as chlorine, sulfur, or oxygen to form inorganic mercury compounds (salts). Mercury also combines with carbon to make organic mercury compounds. (L1)"]], ["Methenamine mandelate", "C1N2CN3CN1CN(C2)C3.C1=CC=C(C=C1)C(C(=O)O)O", ["Methenamine Mandelate is an organic salt containing a one to one ratio of methenamine, a heterocyclic organic compound, and mandelic acid, an aromatic alpha hydroxy acid, used in the treatment of urinary tract infections."]], ["Calcium levulinate", "CC(=O)CCC(=O)[O-].CC(=O)CCC(=O)[O-].[Ca+2]", ["The relatively new calcium levulinate is produced from a direct reaction between L- or levulinic acid levulose and calcium hydroxide. The resultant calcium levulinate formulation, when used as a calcium supplement, possesses a high calcium content that is observed to be 14.8% higher than the content typically found in calcium lactate. This formulation is considered a low molecular weight organic calcium ion type that is easily absorbed through the intestinal wall.  This new application of calcium is intended for use as a food fortifier, to fortify foods like sauces, condiments, beer, beverages, soft drinks, milk and milk products, soy milk and soy products with calcium nutrition. Calcium levulinate can be used alone, or with calcium lactate, calcium chloride, and other compounds, either for pharmaceutical tablets, capsules, or injections preparation."]], ["Mercuric potassium cyanide", "C(#N)[Hg-2](C#N)(C#N)C#N.[K+].[K+]", ["Mercuric potassium cyanide appears as a colorless crystalline solid. Denser than water. Toxic by inhalation and ingestion. Produces toxic oxides of nitrogen during combustion.", "Mercuric potassium cyanide is a chemical compound of mercury, potassium, and cyanide. Mercury is a heavy, silvery d-block metal and one of six elements that are liquid at or near room temperature and pressure. It is a naturally occuring substance, and combines with other elements such as chlorine, sulfur, or oxygen to form inorganic mercury compounds (salts). Mercury also combines with carbon to make organic mercury compounds. (L1)"]], ["Calcid", "[C-]#N.[C-]#N.[Ca+2]", ["Calcium cyanide is a chemical compound of calcium and cyanide."]], ["Diallyl sulfide", "C=CCSCC=C", ["Diallyl sulfide is an organic sulfide.", "Diallyl sulfide is a natural product found in Allium chinense, Allium ericetorum, and other organisms with data available."]], ["2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid", "CC(C)(C(=O)O)O", ["2-hydroxyisobutyric acid is a 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is isobutyric acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 2. It is a metabolite of methyl tertiary-butyl ether. It has a role as a human xenobiotic metabolite. It is functionally related to an isobutyric acid. It is a conjugate acid of a 2-hydroxyisobutyrate.", "2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid is a natural product found in Salmonella enterica, Vitis vinifera, and other organisms with data available."]], ["Pamabrom", "CC(C)(CO)N.CN1C2=C(C(=O)N(C1=O)C)NC(=N2)Br", ["Pamabrom is a mixture containing 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol and 8-bromotheophylline (a methylxanthine) in a 1:1 ratio, with mild diuretic activity."]], ["8-Bromotheophylline", "CN1C2=C(C(=O)N(C1=O)C)NC(=N2)Br", ["Bromotheophylline is the active moiety of pamabrom, a mixture of 2-amino-2-methyl-propanol and bromotheophylline. From this mixture, bromotheophylline acts as a weak diuretic that has been used along with some analgesics to relieve the symptoms of premenstrual syndrome.  Bromotheophylline is categorized on the FDA as a drug substance with an inactive state since March, 1980. It is also approved by Health Canada to be used alone or in combination with [DB00316] in OTC products."]], ["4-Ethylbenzoic acid", "CCC1=CC=C(C=C1)C(=O)O", ["4-Ethylbenzoic acid is a member of benzoic acids."]], ["3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid", "C1=CC(=CC(=C1)O)CC(=O)O", ["3-hydroxyphenylacetic acid is a monocarboxylic acid that is phenylacetic acid in which the hydrogen at position 3 on the benzene ring is replaced by a hydroxy group. It has a role as a human xenobiotic metabolite. It is a monocarboxylic acid and a member of phenols. It is functionally related to an acetic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a 3-hydroxyphenylacetate.", "3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid is a natural product found in Ginkgo biloba, Rhizoctonia solani, and other organisms with data available."]], ["3-Methylglutaric acid", "CC(CC(=O)O)CC(=O)O", ["3-methylglutaric acid is an alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is glutaric acid substituted at position 3 by a methyl group. It has a role as a metabolite. It is functionally related to a glutaric acid.", "3-Methylglutaric acid is a natural product found in Salmonella enterica and Garcinia mangostana with data available."]], ["Dioctyl ether", "CCCCCCCCOCCCCCCCC", ["Di-n-octyl ether is a liquid. (NTP, 1992)", "1,1'-Oxybisoctane is an ether."]], ["Hentriacontane", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC", ["Hentriacontane is a long-chain alkane. It has a role as an antitubercular agent.", "Hentriacontane is a natural product found in Zanthoxylum myriacanthum, Quercus salicina, and other organisms with data available."]], ["4-[(4-Aminophenyl)(4-iminocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)methyl]-2-methylaniline", "CC1=CC(=C(C2=CC=C(C=C2)N)C3=CC=C(C=C3)N)C=CC1=N", ["Rosanilin free base is an imine that is 4-methylidenecyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-imine in which the hydrogens of the methylidene group are replaced by 4-aminophenyl and 3-methyl-4-aminophenyl groups. The monohydrochloride salt is the histological dye 'rosanilin'. It has a role as a histological dye, a fluorochrome and a carcinogenic agent. It is an imine and a substituted aniline. It is a conjugate base of a rosanilin(1+)."]], ["Clopenthixol", "C1CN(CCN1CCC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3SC4=C2C=C(C=C4)Cl)CCO", ["A thioxanthene with therapeutic actions similar to the phenothiazine antipsychotics. It is an antagonist at D1 and D2 dopamine receptors."]], ["Pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid", "C1=CNC(=C1)C(=O)O", ["Pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid is a pyrrolecarboxylic acid that is 1H-pyrrole carrying a carboxy substituent at position 2. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a conjugate acid of a pyrrole-2-carboxylate.", "Pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid is a natural product found in Brachystemma calycinum, Streptomyces, and other organisms with data available."]], ["Benzydamine", "CN(C)CCCOC1=NN(C2=CC=CC=C21)CC3=CC=CC=C3", ["Benzydamine is a member of the class of indazoles carrying benzyl and 3-(dimethylamino)propyl groups at positions 1 and 3 respectively. A locally-acting nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug that also exhibits local anaesthetic and analgesic properties. It has a role as a central nervous system stimulant, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, a hallucinogen, a local anaesthetic and an analgesic. It is a member of indazoles, an aromatic ether and a tertiary amino compound. It is a conjugate base of a benzydamine(1+).", "Benzydamine (also known as Tantum Verde or Difflam), available as the hydrochloride salt, is a locally-acting nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with local anaesthetic and analgesic properties. It is used topically for pain relief and anti-inflammatory treatment of the mouth, throat, or muscoskeletal system.  Although the indazole analogue benzydamine is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), it has various physicochemical properties and pharmacologic activities that are different from those of traditional aspirin-like NSAIDs but facilitate benzydamine's mechanism of action as an effective locally-acting NSAID with local anaesthetic and analgesic properties. Moreover, unlike aspirin-like NSAIDs which are acids or metabolised to acids, benzydamine is in fact a weak base.", "A benzyl-indazole having analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory effects. It is used to reduce post-surgical and post-traumatic pain and edema and to promote healing. It is also used topically in treatment of RHEUMATIC DISEASES and INFLAMMATION of the mouth and throat."]], ["Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate", "C[C@]12CC[C@H]3[C@H]([C@@H]1CCC2=O)CC=C4[C@@]3(CC[C@@H](C4)OS(=O)(=O)O)C", ["Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate is a steroid sulfate that is the 3-sulfooxy derivative of dehydroepiandrosterone. It has a role as an EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor, a human metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a steroid sulfate and a 17-oxo steroid. It is functionally related to a dehydroepiandrosterone. It is a conjugate acid of a dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate(1-).", "DHEA sulfate is the major steroid of the fetal adrenal. DHEA-S is the principal adrenal androgen and is secreted together with cortisol under the control of ACTH and prolactin. DHEA-S is elevated with hyperprolactinemia.", "Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate is a natural product found in Apis cerana and Homo sapiens with data available.", "Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate or DHEAS is the sulfated form of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). This sulfation is reversibly catalyzed by sulfotransferase 2A1 (SULT2A1) primarily in the adrenals, the liver, and small intestine. In the blood, most DHEA is found as DHEAS with levels that are about 300 times higher than those of free DHEA. Orally-ingested DHEA is converted to its sulfate when passing through intestines and liver. Whereas DHEA levels naturally reach their peak in the early morning hours, DHEAS levels show no diurnal variation. From a practical point of view, measurement of DHEAS is preferable to DHEA, as levels are more stable. DHEA (from which DHEAS comes from) is a natural steroid prohormone produced from cholesterol by the adrenal glands, the gonads, adipose tissue, brain and in the skin (by an autocrine mechanism). DHEA is the precursor of androstenedione, which can undergo further conversion to produce the androgen testosterone and the estrogens estrone and estradiol. DHEA is also a potent sigma-1 agonist. DHEAS can serve as a precursor for testosterone; androstenedione; estradiol; and estrone. Serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate is a classic marker for adrenarche and, subsequently, for the individual hormonal milieu  Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate is an endogenously produced sex steroid that has been hypothesized to have anti aging effects  It also has been inversely associated with development of atherosclerosis  (A3325, A3326, A3327). DHEA-S is the principal adrenal androgen and is secreted together with cortisol under the control of ACTH and prolactin. DHEA-S is elevated with hyperprolactinemia.", "The circulating form of a major C19 steroid produced primarily by the ADRENAL CORTEX. DHEA sulfate serves as a precursor for TESTOSTERONE; ANDROSTENEDIONE; ESTRADIOL; and ESTRONE."]], ["Isosorbide", "C1[C@H]([C@@H]2[C@H](O1)[C@H](CO2)O)O", ["Isosorbide is an organic molecular entity.", "Isosorbide was previously available in an oral formulation for the reduction of intraocular pressure. It was approved by the FDA in 1980, but has since been discontinued. Currently, isosorbide is an organic nitrate currently available in the [isosorbide mononitrate] and [isosorbide dinitrate] forms, and is used for the prevention of angina. Refer to these drug entries for more information.", "Isosorbide is an organic nitrate with vasodilator activity. Isosorbide relaxes vascular smooth muscle by formation of the free radical nitric oxide (NO), which is identical to the endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF). NO activates guanylyl cyclase, thereby increasing the synthesis of cGMP within smooth muscle. Elevated cGMP levels in smooth muscle activate cGMP-dependent kinase activity that leads to release of sequestered Ca2+. In turn, free Ca+ triggers dephosphorylation of light chain myosin and relaxation of peripheral arteries and veins. In addition isosorbide relaxes coronary arteries, thereby increasing the blood circulation through the ischemic area.", "1,4:3,6-Dianhydro D-glucitol. Chemically inert osmotic diuretic used mainly to treat hydrocephalus; also used in glaucoma."]], ["Butaperazine", "CCCC(=O)C1=CC2=C(C=C1)SC3=CC=CC=C3N2CCCN4CCN(CC4)C", ["Butaperazine is a member of phenothiazines.", "Butaperazine was approved in 1967, and possibly discontinued in the 1980s."]], ["M-(1-Ethylpropyl)phenyl methylcarbamate", "CCC(CC)C1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(=O)NC", ["3-(1-Ethylpropyl)phenyl methylcarbamate is a component of Bufencarb, a carbamate pesticide. Carbamate pesticides are derived from carbamic acid and kill insects in a similar fashion as organophosphate insecticides. They are widely used in homes, gardens and agriculture. The first carbamate, carbaryl, was introduced in 1956 and more of it has been used throughout the world than all other carbamates combined. Because of carbaryl's relatively low mammalian oral and dermal toxicity and broad control spectrum, it has had wide use in lawn and garden settings. Most of the carbamates are extremely toxic to Hymenoptera, and precautions must be taken to avoid exposure to foraging bees or parasitic wasps. Some of the carbamates are translocated within plants, making them an effective systemic treatment. (L795)"]], ["Dodecafluoropentane", "C(C(C(F)(F)F)(F)F)(C(C(F)(F)F)(F)F)(F)F", ["Perfluoropentane is a fluorocarbon that is pentane in which all of the hydrogens have been replaced by fluorines. It has a role as a radioopaque medium and an ultrasound contrast agent. It is a fluoroalkane and a fluorocarbon. It derives from a hydride of a pentane.", "Dodecafluoropentane is an ingredient in the EMA-withdrawn product EchoGen."]], ["Benzyl methyl sulfide", "CSCC1=CC=CC=C1", ["Benzyl methyl sulfide is a member of benzenes."]], ["Dimethyl [1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-dicarboxylate", "COC(=O)C1=CC=C(C=C1)C2=CC=C(C=C2)C(=O)OC", ["Nissel has been investigated for the treatment of Chronic Liver Disease."]], ["Porfiromycin", "CC1=C(C(=O)C2=C(C1=O)N3C[C@H]4[C@@H]([C@@]3([C@@H]2COC(=O)N)OC)N4C)N", ["Porfiromycin is a substance that is being studied in the treatment of cancer. It belongs to the family of drugs called anticancer antibiotics.", "Porfiromycin is a natural product found in Streptomyces, Streptomyces purpurascens, and Streptomyces violaceus with data available.", "Porfiromycin is an N-methyl derivative of the antineoplastic antibiotic mitomycin C isolated from the bacterium Streptomyces ardus and other Streptomyces bacterial species.  Bioreduced porfiromycin generates oxygen radicals and alkylates DNA, producing interstrand cross-links and single-strand breaks, thereby inhibiting DNA synthesis.  Porfiromycin is preferentially toxic to hypoxic cells. (NCI04)", "Toxic antibiotic of the mitomycin group, obtained from MITOMYCIN and also from Streptomyces ardus and other species. It is proposed as an antineoplastic agent, with some antibiotic properties."]], ["Calcium citrate", "C(C(=O)[O-])C(CC(=O)[O-])(C(=O)[O-])O.C(C(=O)[O-])C(CC(=O)[O-])(C(=O)[O-])O.[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2]", ["Calcium citrate is an organic calcium salt composed of calcium cations and citrate anions in a 3:2 ratio. It has a role as a nutraceutical, a food additive, a food preservative and a flavouring agent. It contains a citrate(3-).", "Calcium citrate is a salt typically used as a source of calcium in a variety of over the counter supplements.", "Calcium Citrate is the citrate salt of calcium. An element necessary for normal nerve, muscle, and cardiac function, calcium as the citrate salt helps to maintain calcium balance and prevent bone loss when taken orally. This agent may also be chemopreventive for colon and other cancers. (NCI04)", "A colorless crystalline or white powdery organic, tricarboxylic acid occurring in plants, especially citrus fruits, and used as a flavoring agent, as an antioxidant in foods, and as a sequestrating agent. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)"]], ["Mecamylamine hydrochloride", "CC1(C2CCC(C2)C1(C)NC)C.Cl", ["Mecamylamine hydrochloride is a monoterpenoid."]], ["Dipipanone", "CCC(=O)C(CC(C)N1CCCCC1)(C2=CC=CC=C2)C3=CC=CC=C3", ["Dipipanone is a diarylmethane."]], ["Vinblastine", "CC[C@@]1(C[C@H]2C[C@@](C3=C(CCN(C2)C1)C4=CC=CC=C4N3)(C5=C(C=C6C(=C5)[C@]78CCN9[C@H]7[C@@](C=CC9)([C@H]([C@@]([C@@H]8N6C)(C(=O)OC)O)OC(=O)C)CC)OC)C(=O)OC)O", ["Antitumor alkaloid isolated from Vinca rosea. (Merck, 11th ed.)", "Vinblastine is a Vinca Alkaloid.", "Vinblastine is a natural product found in Catharanthus trichophyllus, Catharanthus roseus, and other organisms with data available.", "Vinblastine is a natural alkaloid isolated from the plant Vinca rosea Linn. Vinblastine binds to tubulin and inhibits microtubule formation, resulting in disruption of mitotic spindle assembly and arrest of tumor cells in the M phase of the cell cycle. This agent may also interfere with amino acid, cyclic AMP, and glutathione metabolism; calmodulin-dependent Ca++ -transport ATPase activity; cellular respiration; and nucleic acid and lipid biosynthesis. (NCI04)", "Antitumor alkaloid isolated from Vinca rosea. (Merck, 11th ed.)"]], ["Diphenoxylate", "CCOC(=O)C1(CCN(CC1)CCC(C#N)(C2=CC=CC=C2)C3=CC=CC=C3)C4=CC=CC=C4", ["Diphenoxylate is a piperidinecarboxylate ester that is the ethyl ester of difenoxin. It has a role as an antidiarrhoeal drug. It is a nitrile, a piperidinecarboxylate ester, a tertiary amine and an ethyl ester. It is functionally related to a difenoxin.", "A meperidine congener used as an antidiarrheal, usually in combination with atropine. At high doses, it acts like morphine. Its unesterified metabolite difenoxin has similar properties and is used similarly. It has little or no analgesic activity. This medication is classified as a Schedule V under the Controlled Substances Act by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the DEA in the United States when used in preparations. When diphenoxylate is used alone, it is classified as a Schedule II.", "Diphenoxylate is an Antidiarrheal.", "Diphenoxylate is synthetic opioid that primarily affects opiate receptors in the intestine and is used to treat diarrhea. Diphenoxylate has not been linked to serum enzyme elevations during therapy or to clinically apparent liver injury.", "Diphenoxylate is a piperidine derivate, chemically related to narcotic meperidine with antidiarrheal activity and devoid of central nervous system (CNS) activity. Diphenoxylate acts on opioid receptors in the gastrointestinal tract, thereby decreasing gastrointestinal motility and causing constipation or preventing diarrhea.", "A meperidine congener used as an antidiarrheal, usually in combination with atropine. At high doses, it acts like morphine. Its unesterified metabolite difenoxin has similar properties and is used similarly. It has little or no analgesic activity. This medication is classified as a Schedule V under the Controlled Substances Act by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the DEA in the United States when used in preparations. When diphenoxylate is used alone, it is classified as a Schedule II.", "A MEPERIDINE congener used as an antidiarrheal, usually in combination with ATROPINE. At high doses, it acts like morphine. Its unesterified metabolite difenoxin has similar properties and is used similarly. It has little or no analgesic activity."]], ["Sernyl", "C1CCC(CC1)(C2=CC=CC=C2)[NH+]3CCCCC3.[Cl-]", ["A hallucinogen formerly used as a veterinary anesthetic, and briefly as a general anesthetic for humans. Phencyclidine is similar to KETAMINE in structure and in many of its effects. Like ketamine, it can produce a dissociative state. It exerts its pharmacological action through inhibition of NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE). As a drug of abuse, it is known as PCP and Angel Dust."]], ["Sulfaethoxypyridazine", "CCOC1=NN=C(C=C1)NS(=O)(=O)C2=CC=C(C=C2)N", ["Sulfaethoxypyridazine is a sulfonamide consisting of 6-ethoxypyridazine with a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 3-position. Generally licensed for veterinary use only against bacterial infections, such as fowl cholera and salmonella infection. It has a role as an antibacterial agent."]], ["Ethylestrenol", "CC[C@@]1(CC[C@@H]2[C@@]1(CC[C@H]3[C@H]2CCC4=CCCC[C@H]34)C)O", ["Ethylestrenol is a 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is estrane containing a double bond between positions 4 and 5 and substituted by an ethyl group and a hydroxy group at the 17alpha and 17beta positions, respectively. It is an anabolic steroid that has little androgenic effect and only slight progestational activity. It has been used to promote growth in boys with delayed bone growth. It has a role as an anabolic agent. It is a tertiary alcohol and a 17beta-hydroxy steroid.", "An anabolic steroid with some progestational activity and little androgenic effect."]], ["Testolactone", "C[C@]12CC[C@H]3[C@H]([C@@H]1CCC(=O)O2)CCC4=CC(=O)C=C[C@]34C", ["Testolactone is a seco-androstane and a 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid.", "An antineoplastic agent that is a derivative of progesterone and used to treat advanced breast cancer.", "Testolactone is an Aromatase Inhibitor. The mechanism of action of testolactone is as an Aromatase Inhibitor.", "Testolactone is a progesterone derivative with antineoplastic activity. Testolactone inhibits steroid aromatase, thereby preventing the formation of estrogen from adrenal androstenedione and reducing endogenous estrogen levels. (NCI04)", "An antineoplastic agent that is a derivative of progesterone and used to treat advanced breast cancer."]], ["Citicoline", "C[N+](C)(C)CCOP(=O)([O-])OP(=O)(O)OC[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O1)N2C=CC(=NC2=O)N)O)O", ["CDP-choline is a member of the class of phosphocholines that is the chloine ester of CDP. It is an intermediate obtained in the biosynthetic pathway of structural phospholipids in cell membranes. It has a role as a human metabolite, a psychotropic drug, a neuroprotective agent, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a member of phosphocholines and a member of nucleotide-(amino alcohol)s. It is functionally related to a CDP. It is a conjugate base of a CDP-choline(1+).", "Citicoline is a donor of choline in biosynthesis of choline-containing phosphoglycerides. It has been investigated for the treatment, supportive care, and diagnosis of Mania, Stroke, Hypomania, Cocaine Abuse, and Bipolar Disorder, among others.", "Citicoline is a nutritional supplement and source of choline and cytidine with potential neuroprotective and nootropic activity. Citicoline, also known as cytidine-5-diphosphocholine or CDP-choline, is hydrolyzed into cytidine and choline in the intestine. Following absorption, both cytidine and choline are dispersed, utilized in various biosynthesis pathways, and cross the blood-brain barrier for resynthesis into citicoline in the brain, which is the rate-limiting product in the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine. This agent also increases acetylcholine (Ach), norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine levels in the central nervous system (CNS). In addition, citicoline is involved in the preservation of sphingomyelin and cardiolipin and the restoration of Na+/K+-ATPase activity. Citicoline also increases glutathione synthesis and glutathione reductase activity, and exerts antiapoptotic effects.", "Donor of choline in biosynthesis of choline-containing phosphoglycerides."]], ["CDP-choline", "C[N+](C)(C)CCOP(=O)(O)OP(=O)(O)OC[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O1)N2C=CC(=NC2=O)N)O)O", ["CDP-choline(1+) is a member of nucleotide-(amino alcohol)s. It is a conjugate acid of a CDP-choline and a CDP-choline(1-).", "Citicoline is a nutritional supplement and source of choline and cytidine with potential neuroprotective and nootropic activity. Citicoline, also known as cytidine-5-diphosphocholine or CDP-choline, is hydrolyzed into cytidine and choline in the intestine. Following absorption, both cytidine and choline are dispersed, utilized in various biosynthesis pathways, and cross the blood-brain barrier for resynthesis into citicoline in the brain, which is the rate-limiting product in the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine. This agent also increases acetylcholine (Ach), norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine levels in the central nervous system (CNS). In addition, citicoline is involved in the preservation of sphingomyelin and cardiolipin and the restoration of Na+/K+-ATPase activity. Citicoline also increases glutathione synthesis and glutathione reductase activity, and exerts antiapoptotic effects.", "Donor of choline in biosynthesis of choline-containing phosphoglycerides."]], ["Fentanyl citrate", "CCC(=O)N(C1CCN(CC1)CCC2=CC=CC=C2)C3=CC=CC=C3.C(C(=O)O)C(CC(=O)O)(C(=O)O)O", ["Fentanyl citrate is the citric acid salt of fentanyl, comprising equimolar amounts of citric acid and fentanyl. A mu-opioid receptor agonist, it is a potent opioid analgesic used in the management of labour pain, postoperative pain, and chronic intractable cancer pain. It is also widely used as the analgesic component of balanced anaesthesia. It has a role as a mu-opioid receptor agonist and an opioid analgesic. It contains a fentanyl.", "Fentanyl Citrate is the citrate salt of fentanyl, a synthetic opioid related to the phenylpiperidines with analgesic and anesthetic properties. Fentanyl exerts its analgesic effect by selectively binding to the mu-opioid receptor in the central nervous system (CNS), thereby mimicking the effects of endogenous opiates. Additional pharmacological effects of fentanyl include anxiolysis, euphoria, feelings of relaxation, respiratory depression, constipation, miosis, and cough suppression.", "A potent narcotic analgesic, abuse of which leads to habituation or addiction. It is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. Fentanyl is also used as an adjunct to general anesthetics, and as an anesthetic for induction and maintenance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1078)"]], ["Ammonium Bicarbonate", "C(=O)(O)[O-].[NH4+]", ["Ammonium bicarbonate appears as a white crystalline solid having the odor of ammonia. Soluble in water. The primary hazard is the threat to the environment. Immediate steps should be taken to limit spread to the environment. Used to make other ammonium compounds, in food processing, and for other uses.", "Ammonium bicarbonate is an organooxygen compound."]], ["Ethambutol", "CC[C@@H](CO)NCCN[C@@H](CC)CO", ["Ethambutol is an ethylenediamine derivative that is ethane-1,2-diamine in which one hydrogen attached to each of the nitrogens is sutstituted by a 1-hydroxybutan-2-yl group (S,S-configuration). It is a bacteriostatic antimycobacterial drug, effective against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and some other mycobacteria. It is used (as the dihydrochloride salt) in combination with other antituberculous drugs in the treatment of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis; resistant strains of M. tuberculosis are readily produced if ethambutol is used alone. It has a role as an antitubercular agent, an environmental contaminant and a xenobiotic. It is a member of ethanolamines and an ethylenediamine derivative.", "Ethambutol hydrochloride is an antibacterial prescription medicine approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of active tuberculosis (TB) of the lungs. (Active TB is also called TB disease.)", "Ethambutol is a bacteriostatic agent indicated alongside medications such as [isoniazid], [rifampin], and [pyrazinamide] in the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis. Ethambutol was first described in the literature in 1961. It was developed out of a need for therapies active against isoniazid resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.  Ethambutol was granted FDA approval on 6 November 1967.", "Ethambutol is an Antimycobacterial.", "Ethambutol is a first line but adjunctive antituberculosis medication which is used only in combination with other agents such as isoniazid and rifampin. Ethambutol therapy has been associated with minor, transient and asymptomatic elevations in serum aminotransferase levels, and is a reported but rare cause of clinically apparent acute liver injury.", "Ethambutol is a natural product found in Aspergillus sclerotiorum with data available.", "Ethambutol is an antibiotic with bacteriostatic, antimicrobial and antitubercular properties. Ethambutol interferes with the biosynthesis of arabinogalactan, a major polysaccharide of the mycobacterial cell wall. It inhibits the polymerization of cell wall arabinan of arabinogalactan and lipoarabinomannan by blocking arabinosyl transferases and induces the accumulation of D-arabinofuranosyl-P-decaprenol, an intermediate in arabinan biosynthesis. This results in halting bacterial growth.", "An antitubercular agent that inhibits the transfer of mycolic acids into the cell wall of the tubercle bacillus. It may also inhibit the synthesis of spermidine in mycobacteria. The action is usually bactericidal, and the drug can penetrate human cell membranes to exert its lethal effect. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, p863)"]], ["1H-Imidazole-4-carboxylic acid", "C1=C(NC=N1)C(=O)O", ["Imidazole-4-carboxylic acid is under investigation in clinical trial NCT00583895 (Safety and Efficacy Study of Imcooh Cream in Patients Suffering From Moderate Atopic Dermatitis)."]], ["Mobam", "CNC(=O)OC1=C2C=CSC2=CC=C1", ["Mobam is a carbamate pesticide. Carbamate pesticides are derived from carbamic acid and kill insects in a similar fashion as organophosphate insecticides. They are widely used in homes, gardens and agriculture. The first carbamate, carbaryl, was introduced in 1956 and more of it has been used throughout the world than all other carbamates combined. Because of carbaryl's relatively low mammalian oral and dermal toxicity and broad control spectrum, it has had wide use in lawn and garden settings. Most of the carbamates are extremely toxic to Hymenoptera, and precautions must be taken to avoid exposure to foraging bees or parasitic wasps. Some of the carbamates are translocated within plants, making them an effective systemic treatment. (L795)"]], ["Nicotinamide mononucleotide", "C1=CC(=C[N+](=C1)[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O2)COP(=O)(O)[O-])O)O)C(=O)N", ["NMN zwitterion is a nicotinamide mononucleotide. It has a role as an Escherichia coli metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a conjugate base of a NMN(+). It is a conjugate acid of a NMN(-).", "Nicotinamide ribotide is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).", "Nicotinamide mononucleotide is a natural product found in Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster, and other organisms with data available.", "Nicotinamide ribotide is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.", "3-Carbamoyl-1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl pyridinium hydroxide-5'phosphate, inner salt. A nucleotide in which the nitrogenous base, nicotinamide, is in beta-N-glycosidic linkage with the C-1 position of D-ribose. Synonyms: Nicotinamide Ribonucleotide; NMN."]], ["beta-Nicotinamide ribose monophosphate", "C1=CC(=C[N+](=C1)[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O2)COP(=O)(O)O)O)O)C(=O)N", ["NMN(+) is a nicotinamide mononucleotide. It is a conjugate acid of a NMN zwitterion.", "Nicotinamide ribotide is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).", "3-Carbamoyl-1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl pyridinium hydroxide-5'phosphate, inner salt. A nucleotide in which the nitrogenous base, nicotinamide, is in beta-N-glycosidic linkage with the C-1 position of D-ribose. Synonyms: Nicotinamide Ribonucleotide; NMN."]], ["Pyritinol", "CC1=NC=C(C(=C1O)CO)CSSCC2=CN=C(C(=C2CO)O)C", ["Pyritinol is a member of methylpyridines.", "Pyritinol has been used in trials studying the treatment of Dementia, Depression, Schizophrenia, Anxiety Disorders, and Psychosomatic Disorders.", "A neurotropic agent which reduces permeability of blood-brain barrier to phosphate. It has no vitamin B6 activity."]], ["1,2-Octanediol", "CCCCCCC(CO)O", ["Octane-1,2-diol is an octanediol."]], ["Ipodate calcium", "CN(C)C=NC1=C(C=C(C(=C1I)CCC(=O)[O-])I)I.CN(C)C=NC1=C(C=C(C(=C1I)CCC(=O)[O-])I)I.[Ca+2]", ["Ionic monomeric contrast media. Usually the sodium or calcium salts are used for examination of the gall bladder and biliary tract. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p704)"]], ["Mercury(2+);octadec-9-enoate", "CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)[O-].CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)[O-].[Hg+2]", ["Mercury oleate appears as a yellowish to red liquid/semi-solid or solid mass. Prepared by dissolving yellow mercuric oxide in oleic acid. Contains 24-26% HgO by mass. Insoluble in water. Toxic by ingestion. Used in medicine, antiseptic and antifouling paint."]], ["Fencamfamin", "CCNC1C2CCC(C2)C1C3=CC=CC=C3", ["Fencamfamin is a monoterpenoid.", "Fencamfamin (Glucoenergan, Reactivan) is a stimulant which was developed in the 1960s as an appetite suppressant, but was later withdrawn for this application due to problems with dependence and abuse. It is around half the potency of [dexamphetamine], and is prescribed at a dose of 10-60mg, although abusers of the drug tend to rapidly develop tolerance and escalate their dose. Fencamfamin is used for treating depressive day-time fatigue, lack of concentration and lethargy. It is especially useful in patients with chronic conditions due to its favourable safety profile.", "Fencamfamine (Glucoenergan, Reactivan) is a stimulant which was developed in the 1960s as an appetite suppressant, but was later withdrawn for this application due to problems with dependence and abuse. It is around half the potency of dexamphetamine, and is prescribed at a dose of 10-60mg, although abusers of the drug tend to rapidly develop tolerance and escalate their dose. Reactivan is still rarely used for treating depressive day-time fatigue, lack of concentration and lethargy, particularly in individuals who have chronic medical conditions, as its favourable safety profile makes it the most suitable drug in some cases. [Wikipedia]"]], ["Triptil", "C[NH2+]CCCC1C2=CC=CC=C2C=CC3=CC=CC=C13.[Cl-]", ["Protriptyline hydrochloride is a hydrochloride. It has a role as an antidepressant. It contains a protriptyline."]], ["Methdilazine hydrochloride", "CN1CCC(C1)CN2C3=CC=CC=C3SC4=CC=CC=C42.Cl", ["Methdilazine hydrochloride is a white microcrystalline powder with a slight odor. pH (1% aqueous solution) 4.8-6. (NTP, 1992)", "Methdilazine hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt of methdilazine. It contains a methdilazine."]], ["Methdilazine", "CN1CCC(C1)CN2C3=CC=CC=C3SC4=CC=CC=C42", ["Crystals. (NTP, 1992)", "Methdilazine is a phenothiazine substituted on nitrogen by a (1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl group; a first-generation antihistamine with anticholinergic properties. It has a role as a histamine antagonist, a cholinergic antagonist and an antipruritic drug. It is a member of phenothiazines and a N-alkylpyrrolidine.", "Methdilazine is a phenothiazine compound with antihistaminic activity. It is used in the treatment of various dermatoses to relieve pruritus.", "Methdilazine is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a phenothiazine compound with antihistaminic activity. It is used in the treatment of various dermatoses to relieve pruritus.Methdilazine binds to the histamine H<sub>1</sub> receptor. This blocks the action of endogenous histamine, which subsequently leads to temporary relief of the negative symptoms brought on by histamine."]], ["Ethynodiol", "C[C@]12CC[C@H]3[C@H]([C@@H]1CC[C@]2(C#C)O)CCC4=C[C@H](CC[C@H]34)O", ["Ethynodiol is a 17beta-hydroxy steroid, a 3beta-hydroxy steroid and a terminal acetylenic compound. It has a role as a progestin.", "Etynodiol (INN), or ethynodiol (BAN) is a steroidal progestin related to norethisterone which was never marketed. While etynodiol is sometimes used as a synonym for etynodiol diacetate, it usually refers to etynodiol diacetate (see [DB00823]), not etynodiol.", "Ethynodiol is a Progestin."]], ["Phenazocine", "CC1C2CC3=C(C1(CCN2CCC4=CC=CC=C4)C)C=C(C=C3)O", ["Phenazocine is a natural product found in Papaver somniferum with data available.", "An opioid analgesic with actions and uses similar to MORPHINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1095)"]], ["Furazabol", "C[C@]12CC[C@H]3[C@H]([C@@H]1CC[C@]2(C)O)CC[C@@H]4[C@@]3(CC5=NON=C5C4)C", ["Furazabol is a steroid. It derives from a hydride of an estrane."]], ["Sodium glycerophosphate", "C(C(COP(=O)([O-])[O-])O)O.[Na+].[Na+]", ["Sodium glycerophosphate is one of several glycerophosphate salts. It is used clinically to treat or prevent low phosphate levels. Glycerophosphate is hydrolyzed to inorganic phosphate and glycerol in the body. The extent of this reaction is dependent on the activity of serum alkaline phosphatases.", "Sodium Glycerophosphate is the sodium salt form of an organic phosphate compound that provides phosphate for nutritional purposes. In addition, sodium glycerophosphate can be used as a phosphate diluting agent upon internal contamination with the beta-emiting radioisotope phosphate P 32 (P-32) that competes with P-32 for absorption. As sodium glycerophosphate is administered in high amounts, the absorption of P-32 is prevented or minimalized."]], ["Ferumoxytol", "O[Fe]=O.O[Fe]=O.[Fe]", ["Ferrosoferric oxide is an iron oxide."]], ["Nemalite", "[OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2]", ["See also: Magnesium Hydroxide (preferred)."]], ["Magnesium Oxide", "O=[Mg]", ["Periclase is a mineral with formula of MgO. The IMA symbol is Per.", "Magnesium oxide (MgO). An inorganic compound that occurs in nature as the mineral periclase. In aqueous media combines quickly with water to form magnesium hydroxide. It is used as an antacid and mild laxative and has many nonmedicinal uses.", "See also: Periclase (related)."]], ["Mercury oxonium sulfate", "[O-2].[O-2].[O-]S(=O)(=O)[O-].[Hg+2].[Hg+2].[Hg+2]", ["Mercuric subsulfate, [solid] appears as a lemon-yellow powder or bright yellow scaly material. Very slightly soluble in water and denser than water. Hence sinks in water. Toxic by inhalation and by ingestion.", "Mercury oxide sulfate is a chemical compound of mercury. Mercury is a heavy, silvery d-block metal and one of six elements that are liquid at or near room temperature and pressure. It is a naturally occuring substance, and combines with other elements such as chlorine, sulfur, or oxygen to form inorganic mercury compounds (salts). Mercury also combines with carbon to make organic mercury compounds. (L1)"]], ["Ferrous sulfide", "S=[Fe]", ["Troilite is a mineral with formula of Fe2+S2- or FeS. The IMA symbol is Tro."]], ["Copper(II) sulfide", "S=[Cu]", ["Copper(II) sulfide is a chemical compound of copper and sulfur. It occurs in nature as the mineral covellite. Copper is a chemical element with the symbol Cu and atomic number 29. Copper is an essential elements in plants and animals as it is required for the normal functioning of more than 30 enzymes. It occurs naturally throughout the environment in rocks, soil, water, and air. (L277, L278, L287)"]], ["Hematite", "[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Fe+3].[Fe+3]", ["Hematite is a mineral with formula of Fe3+2O3 or Fe2O3. The IMA symbol is Hem."]], ["Calcium diundec-10-enoate", "C=CCCCCCCCCC(=O)[O-].C=CCCCCCCCCC(=O)[O-].[Ca+2]", ["Calcium Undecylenate is the calcium salt of undecylenic acid, an 11 carbon mono-unsaturated fatty acid with broad-spectrum antifungal activity. Undecylenic acid inhibits the morphogenesis of Candida albicans to its invasive fungal form and inhibits the conversion of unicellular yeast to their hyphal form."]], ["Undec-10-enoate", "C=CCCCCCCCCC(=O)[O-]", ["10-undecenoate is an undecenoate that is the conjugate base of 10-undecenoic acid. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a conjugate base of a 10-undecenoic acid.", "Zinc Undecylenate is a natural or synthetic fungistatic fatty acid, antifungal Zinc Undecylenate is used topically in creams against fungal infections, eczemas, ringworm, and other cutaneous conditions. The zinc provides an astringent action, reducing rawness and irritation. (NCI04)"]], ["Carmine", "CC1=C2C(=CC(=C1C(=O)O)O)C(=O)C3=C(C2=O)C(=C(C(=C3O)O)C4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O", ["Red food colouring The source of this color is a picture of a \"deep carmine pink\" flower at the following website:; The source of this color is a watercolor color swatch called light carmine displayed at the following website:.\n\nCarmine red belongs to the family of Anthraquinone Glycosides. These are organic compounds containing an anthraquinone moiety glycosidically bound to a carbohydrate moiety.", "Coloring matter from the insect Coccus cacti L. It is used in foods, pharmaceuticals, toiletries, etc., as a dye, and also has use as a microscopic stain and biological marker."]], ["Vancocin HCL", "C[C@@H]1[C@@H]([C@](C[C@H](O1)O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O[C@@H]2OC3=C4C=C5C=C3OC6=C(C=C(C=C6)[C@H](C(C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@H]5C(=O)N[C@@H]7C8=CC(=C(C=C8)O)C9=C(C=C(C=C9O)O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H]([C@@H](C1=CC(=C(O4)C=C1)Cl)O)NC7=O)C(=O)O)CC(=O)N)NC(=O)[C@@H](CC(C)C)NC)O)Cl)CO)O)O)(C)N)O.Cl", ["Vancomycin hydrochloride is an antibacterial prescription medicine approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of certain bacterial infections, such as infections caused by Clostridium difficile and Staphylococcus aureus.", "Vancomycin Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt of vancomycin, a branched tricyclic glycosylated peptide with bactericidal activity against most organisms and bacteriostatic effect on enterococci. At a site different from that of penicillins and cephalosporins, vancomycin binds tightly to the D-alanyl-D-alanine portion of cell wall precursors, thereby interfering with bacterial cell wall synthesis. This leads to activation of bacterial autolysins that destroy the cell wall by lysis. Vancomycin may also alter the permeability of bacterial cytoplasmic membranes and may selectively inhibit RNA synthesis.", "Antibacterial obtained from Streptomyces orientalis. It is a glycopeptide related to RISTOCETIN that inhibits bacterial cell wall assembly and is toxic to kidneys and the inner ear."]], ["Glycyrrhizic acid", "C[C@]12CC[C@](C[C@H]1C3=CC(=O)[C@@H]4[C@]5(CC[C@@H](C([C@@H]5CC[C@]4([C@@]3(CC2)C)C)(C)C)O[C@@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)C(=O)O)O)O)O[C@H]7[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O7)C(=O)O)O)O)O)C)(C)C(=O)O", ["Glycyrrhizinic acid is a triterpenoid saponin that is the glucosiduronide derivative of 3beta-hydroxy-11-oxoolean-12-en-30-oic acid. It has a role as an EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor and a plant metabolite. It is a glucosiduronic acid, a tricarboxylic acid, a pentacyclic triterpenoid, an enone and a triterpenoid saponin. It is a conjugate acid of a glycyrrhizinate(3-).", "Glycyrrhizic acid is extracted from the root of the licorice plant; Glycyrrhiza glabra. It is a triterpene glycoside with glycyrrhetinic acid that possesses a wide range of pharmacological and biological activities. When extracted from the plant, it can be obtained in the form of ammonium glycyrrhizin and mono-ammonium glycyrrhizin. Glycyrrhizic acid has been developed in Japan and China as a hepatoprotective drug in cases of chronic hepatitis. From January 2014, glycyrrhizic acid as part of the licorice extract was approved by the FDA as an existing food sweetener. It was approved by Health Canada to be used in over-the-counter products but all the products are currently on the status canceled post marketed.", "Glycyrrhizic acid is a natural product found in Hypomontagnella monticulosa, Abrus precatorius, and other organisms with data available.", "Glycyrrhizin is a saponin-like compound that provides the main sweet flavor for Glycyrrhiza glabra (licorice), with potential immunomodulating, anti-inflammatory, hepato- and neuro-protective, and antineoplastic activities. Glycyrrhizin modulates certain enzymes involved in inflammation and oxidative stress, and downregulates certain pro-inflammatory mediators, thereby protecting against inflammation- and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced damage. Glycerrhizin may also suppress the growth of susceptible tumor cells.", "Glycyrrhyzin is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.", "A widely used anti-inflammatory agent isolated from the licorice root. It is metabolized to GLYCYRRHETINIC ACID, which inhibits 11-BETA-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASES and other enzymes involved in the metabolism of CORTICOSTEROIDS. Therefore, glycyrrhizic acid, which is the main and sweet component of licorice, has been investigated for its ability to cause hypermineralocorticoidism with sodium retention and potassium loss, edema, increased blood pressure, as well as depression of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system."]], ["Noracymethadol", "CCC(C(CC(C)NC)(C1=CC=CC=C1)C2=CC=CC=C2)OC(=O)C", ["Noracymethadol is a diarylmethane."]], ["Levomethadyl acetate", "CC[C@@H](C(C[C@H](C)N(C)C)(C1=CC=CC=C1)C2=CC=CC=C2)OC(=O)C", ["Levacetylmethadol is an acetate ester and a tertiary amino compound. It has a role as an opioid analgesic and a mu-opioid receptor antagonist.", "Levacetylmethadol is a narcotic analgesic with a long onset and duration of action. It is used mainly in the treatment of narcotic dependence.   Levacetylmethadol was withdrawn from use in the European Union due to its high risk of QT interval prolongation. The production of levacetylmethadol in the US has ceased as well.", "Levomethadyl acetate is a natural product found in Apis cerana and Bos taurus with data available.", "Levomethadyl Acetate is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a narcotic analgesic with a long onset and duration of action. It is used mainly in the treatment of narcotic dependence. [PubChem] Opiate receptors (Mu, Kappa, Delta) are coupled with G-protein receptors and function as both positive and negative regulators of synaptic transmission via G-proteins that activate effector proteins. Binding of the opiate stimulates the exchange of GTP for GDP on the G-protein complex. As the effector system is adenylate cyclase and cAMP located at the inner surface of the plasma membrane, opioids decrease intracellular cAMP by inhibiting adenylate cyclase. Subsequently, the release of nociceptive neurotransmitters such as substance P, GABA, dopamine, acetylcholine and noradrenaline is inhibited. Opioids also inhibit the release of vasopressin, somatostatin, insulin and glucagon. Levomethadyl acetate effectively opens calcium-dependent inwardly rectifying potassium channels (OP1 receptor agonist), resulting in hyperpolarization and reduced neuronal excitability.", "A narcotic analgesic with a long onset and duration of action."]], ["Flurandrenolide", "C[C@]12CCC(=O)C=C1[C@H](C[C@@H]3[C@@H]2[C@H](C[C@]4([C@H]3C[C@@H]5[C@]4(OC(O5)(C)C)C(=O)CO)C)O)F", ["Flurandrenolide is a 21-hydroxy steroid.", "A corticosteroid used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. It is usually employed as a cream or an ointment, and is also used as a polyethylene tape with an adhesive. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p733)", "Flurandrenolide is a Corticosteroid. The mechanism of action of flurandrenolide is as a Corticosteroid Hormone Receptor Agonist.", "Flurandrenolide is a synthetic glucocorticoid with anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic properties. Flurandrenolide exerts its effects by interacting with specific cytoplasmic glucocorticoid receptors and subsequently activates glucocorticoid receptor mediated gene expression. The synthesis of certain anti-inflammatory proteins is induced while the synthesis of certain inflammatory mediators is inhibited. As a result, there is an overall reduction in chronic inflammation and autoimmune reactions.", "A corticosteroid used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. It is usually employed as a cream or an ointment, and is also used as a polyethylene tape with an adhesive. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p733)"]], ["Benzathine benzylpenicillin", "CC1([C@@H](N2[C@H](S1)[C@@H](C2=O)NC(=O)CC3=CC=CC=C3)C(=O)O)C.CC1([C@@H](N2[C@H](S1)[C@@H](C2=O)NC(=O)CC3=CC=CC=C3)C(=O)O)C.C1=CC=C(C=C1)CNCCNCC2=CC=CC=C2", ["Semisynthetic antibiotic prepared by combining the sodium salt of penicillin G with N,N'-dibenzylethylenediamine."]], ["l-Propoxyphene", "CCC(=O)OC(CC1=CC=CC=C1)(C2=CC=CC=C2)C(C)CN(C)C", ["1-benzyl-3-(dimethylamino)-2-methyl-1-phenylpropyl propanoate is a propanoate ester that is propyl propanoate substituted by a benzyl and phenyl group at position 1, a methyl group at position 2 and a dimethylamino group at position 3. It is a propanoate ester and a tertiary amine."]], ["Melperone", "CC1CCN(CC1)CCCC(=O)C2=CC=C(C=C2)F", ["1-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-(4-methyl-1-piperidinyl)-1-butanone is an aromatic ketone.", "Melperone is an atypical antipsychotic of the butyrophenone chemical class, making it structurally related to the typical antipsychotic haloperidol.  Melperone has been used for a span of greater than 30 years in the European Union. It has been well established in the treatment of confusion, anxiety, restlessness (particularly in the elderly) and schizophrenia as It is known to be well-tolerated with an excellent safety profile. Recently, it has been studied as a treatment of psychosis related to Parkinson's disease."]], ["Propoxyphene hydrochloride", "CCC(=O)O[C@](CC1=CC=CC=C1)(C2=CC=CC=C2)[C@H](C)CN(C)C.Cl", ["Propoxyphene Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of the d-isomer of synthetic diphenyl propionate derivative propoxyphene, with narcotic analgesic effect. This agent mimics the effects of the endogenous opiate dextropropoxyphene, by binding to mu receptors located throughout the central nervous system. The binding results in GTP to GDP exchanges on the mu-G-protein complex, by which effector adenylate cyclase is inactivated thereby decreasing intracellular cAMP. This, in turn, inhibits the release of various nociceptive neurotransmitters, such as substance P, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), dopamine, acetylcholine, noradrenaline, vasopressin, and somatostatin. In addition, dextropropoxyphene closes N-type voltage-gated calcium channels and opens calcium-dependent inwardly rectifying potassium channels. This results in hyperpolarization, thereby reducing neuronal excitability, which further decreases the perception of pain.", "A narcotic analgesic structurally related to METHADONE. Only the dextro-isomer has an analgesic effect; the levo-isomer appears to exert an antitussive effect."]], ["Diethylcarbamazine citrate", "CCN(CC)C(=O)N1CCN(CC1)C.C(C(=O)O)C(CC(=O)O)(C(=O)O)O", ["Diethylcarbamazine citrate is a crystalline solid, scored white tablets. Used against filariasis in man and animals. (EPA, 1998)", "Diethylcarbamazine citrate is a piperazinecarboxamide.", "An anthelmintic used primarily as the citrate in the treatment of filariasis, particularly infestations with Wucheria bancrofti or Loa loa."]], ["Diamidafos", "CNP(=O)(NC)OC1=CC=CC=C1", ["Diamidafos is a phosphorodiamide."]], ["5alpha-Androstane-3alpha,17beta-diol", "C[C@]12CC[C@H](C[C@@H]1CC[C@@H]3[C@@H]2CC[C@]4([C@H]3CC[C@@H]4O)C)O", ["5alpha-androstane-3alpha,17beta-diol is the 5alpha-stereoisomer of androstane-3alpha,17beta-diol. It has a role as a human metabolite and a Daphnia magna metabolite.", "5alpha-Androstane-3alpha,17beta-diol is a natural product found in Daphnia magna and Homo sapiens with data available."]], ["Ammonium Benzoate", "C1=CC=C(C=C1)C(=O)[O-].[NH4+]", ["Ammonium benzoate appears as a white crystalline solid. Soluble in water. The primary hazard is the threat to the environment. Immediate steps should be taken to limit spread to the environment. Used in medicine and as a food preservative."]], ["Ketamine Hydrochloride", "CNC1(CCCCC1=O)C2=CC=CC=C2Cl.Cl", ["Ketamine Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt of a synthetic derivative of cyclohexanone with analgesic and anesthetic activities. Although its mechanism of action is not well understood, ketamine appears to non-competitively block N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors and may interact with opioid mu receptors and sigma receptors, thereby reducing pain perception, inducing sedation, and producing dissociative anesthesia.", "A cyclohexanone derivative used for induction of anesthesia. Its mechanism of action is not well understood, but ketamine can block NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and may interact with sigma receptors."]], ["Chlorbufam", "CC(C#C)OC(=O)NC1=CC(=CC=C1)Cl", ["Chlorbufam is a carbamate ester.", "Carbamate pesticides are derived from carbamic acid and kill insects in a similar fashion as organophosphate insecticides. They are widely used in homes, gardens and agriculture. The first carbamate, carbaryl, was introduced in 1956 and more of it has been used throughout the world than all other carbamates combined. Because of carbaryl's relatively low mammalian oral and dermal toxicity and broad control spectrum, it has had wide use in lawn and garden settings. Most of the carbamates are extremely toxic to Hymenoptera, and precautions must be taken to avoid exposure to foraging bees or parasitic wasps. Some of the carbamates are translocated within plants, making them an effective systemic treatment. (L795)"]], ["Methylenediphosphonic acid", "C(P(=O)(O)O)P(=O)(O)O", ["Medronic acid is a 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid) consisting of methane substituted by two phosphonic acid groups. It has a role as a bone density conservation agent and a chelator.", "Medronic Acid is a methylene-substituted bisphosphonate. Medronic acid has affinity for and adheres to the surface of hydroxyapatite crystals in the bone matrix. This agent accumulates at sites of osteoid mineralization and can be used, complexed with radioisotopes such as technetium 99m, in bone imaging."]], ["Amiloride hydrochloride", "C1(=C(N=C(C(=N1)Cl)N)N)C(=O)N=C(N)N.Cl", ["Amiloride hydrochloride appears as crystalline solid or very light yellow powder. (NTP, 1992)", "Amiloride hydrochloride is a hydrochloride obtained by combining amiloride with one molar equivalent of hydrochloric acid. It has a role as a diuretic and a sodium channel blocker. It contains an amiloride(1+).", "Amiloride Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt of amiloride, a synthetic pyrazine derivative with antikaliuretic and diuretic properties. Amiloride inhibits sodium channels located in the distal tubules and collecting ducts of the kidney, thereby preventing the absorption of sodium and increasing its excretion along with water, to produce naturesis. In response to the hypernatremic conditions in the kidney, the plasma membrane becomes hyperpolarized and electrochemical forces are reduced, which then prevents the excretion of potassium and hydrogen into the lumen.", "A pyrazine compound inhibiting SODIUM reabsorption through SODIUM CHANNELS in renal EPITHELIAL CELLS. This inhibition creates a negative potential in the luminal membranes of principal cells, located in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct. Negative potential reduces secretion of potassium and hydrogen ions. Amiloride is used in conjunction with DIURETICS to spare POTASSIUM loss. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p705)"]], ["Amiloride", "C1(=C(N=C(C(=N1)Cl)N)N)C(=O)N=C(N)N", ["Amiloride is a member of the class of pyrazines resulting from the formal monoacylation of guanidine with the carboxy group of 3,5-diamino-6-chloropyrazine-2-carboxylic acid. It has a role as a sodium channel blocker and a diuretic. It is a member of pyrazines, an organochlorine compound, an aromatic amine and a member of guanidines. It is a conjugate base of an amiloride(1+).", "A pyrazine compound inhibiting sodium reabsorption through sodium channels in renal epithelial cells. This inhibition creates a negative potential in the luminal membranes of principal cells, located in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct. Negative potential reduces secretion of potassium and hydrogen ions. Amiloride is used in conjunction with diuretics to spare potassium loss. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p705)", "Amiloride is a Potassium-sparing Diuretic. The physiologic effect of amiloride is by means of Decreased Renal K+ Excretion, and Increased Diuresis.", "Amiloride is a potassium-sparing diuretic used in the therapy of edema often in combination with thiazide diuretics. Amiloride has been linked to rare cases of clinically apparent drug induced liver disease.", "Amiloride is a synthetic pyrazine derivative with antikaliuretic and diuretic properties. Amiloride inhibits sodium channels located in the distal tubules and collecting ducts of the kidney, thereby preventing the absorption of sodium and increasing its excretion along with water, to produce naturesis. In response to the hypernatremic conditions in the kidney, the plasma membrane becomes hyperpolarized and electrochemical forces are reduced, which then prevents the excretion of potassium and hydrogen into the lumen.", "A pyrazine compound inhibiting SODIUM reabsorption through SODIUM CHANNELS in renal EPITHELIAL CELLS. This inhibition creates a negative potential in the luminal membranes of principal cells, located in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct. Negative potential reduces secretion of potassium and hydrogen ions. Amiloride is used in conjunction with DIURETICS to spare POTASSIUM loss. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p705)"]], ["Clothiapine", "CN1CCN(CC1)C2=NC3=CC=CC=C3SC4=C2C=C(C=C4)Cl", ["Clotiapine is a dibenzothiazepine.", "Clothiapine has been approved in European countries and is an atypical antipsychotic, shown to be useful in some treatment-resistant patients."]], ["Flumethasone", "C[C@@H]1C[C@H]2[C@@H]3C[C@@H](C4=CC(=O)C=C[C@@]4([C@]3([C@H](C[C@@]2([C@]1(C(=O)CO)O)C)O)F)C)F", ["Flumethasone is a fluorinated steroid, a glucocorticoid, an 11beta-hydroxy steroid, a 17alpha-hydroxy steroid, a 21-hydroxy steroid, a 20-oxo steroid, a 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid, a primary alpha-hydroxy ketone and a tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone. It has a role as an anti-inflammatory drug. It derives from a hydride of a pregnane.", "Flumethasone is a moderately potent difluorinated corticosteroid ester with anti-inflammatory, antipruritic and vasoconstrictive properties. As it is a privalate salt, its anti-inflammatory action is concentrated at the site of application. This local effect on diseased areas results in a prompt decrease in inflammation, exudation and itching.", "An anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid used in veterinary practice."]], ["Ethylmercury phosphate", "CC[Hg+].OP(=O)(O)[O-]", ["Ethylmercuric phosphate is an organomercuric compound. Mercury is a heavy, silvery d-block metal and one of six elements that are liquid at or near room temperature and pressure. It is a naturally occuring substance, and combines with other elements such as chlorine, sulfur, or oxygen to form inorganic mercury compounds (salts). Mercury also combines with carbon to make organic mercury compounds. (L1)"]], ["Phenethyl isothiocyanate", "C1=CC=C(C=C1)CCN=C=S", ["Phenethyl isothiocyanate is an isothiocyanate having a phenethyl group attached to the nitrogen. It is a naturally occurring compound found in some cruciferous vegetables (e.g. watercress) and is known to possess anticancer properties. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent, a metabolite and an EC 1.2.1.3 [aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor.", "Phenethyl Isothiocyanate has been used in trials studying the prevention and treatment of Leukemia, Lung Cancer, Tobacco Use Disorder, and Lymphoproliferative Disorders.", "Phenethyl isothiocyanate is a natural product found in Brassica napus, Brassica rapa, and other organisms with data available.", "Phenethyl Isothiocyanate is an isothiocyanate found in cruciferous vegetables with chemopreventive and potential antitumor activities. Although the mechanism of action is unclear, phenethyl Isothiocyanate (PEITC) was shown to induce apoptosis in tumor cells, possibly mediated through its metabolic intermediates, reactive oxygen species (ROS). PEITC also is able to activate ERK and JNK signal transduction, which in turn induces expression of stress-responsive genes. Specifically, this agent has been shown to reactivate gene expression of a detoxification enzyme, glutathione S-transferase that is silenced in prostate carcinoma."]], ["Dexamethasone isonicotinate", "C[C@@H]1C[C@H]2[C@@H]3CCC4=CC(=O)C=C[C@@]4([C@]3([C@H](C[C@@]2([C@]1(C(=O)COC(=O)C5=CC=NC=C5)O)C)O)F)C", ["Dexamethasone 21-(4-Pyridinecarboxylate) is a corticosteroid hormone.", "Dexamethasone isonicotinate is an anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic glucocorticoid that can be administered orally, by inhalation, topically, and parenterally. Its unintended mineralocorticoid action may cause salt and water retention.", "An anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic glucocorticoid that can be administered orally, by inhalation, locally, and parenterally. It may cause water and salt retention."]], ["M-(1-Methylbutyl)phenyl methylcarbamate", "CCCC(C)C1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(=O)NC", ["3-(1-Methylbutyl)phenyl N-methylcarbamate is a component of Bufencarb, a carbamate pesticide. Carbamate pesticides are derived from carbamic acid and kill insects in a similar fashion as organophosphate insecticides. They are widely used in homes, gardens and agriculture. The first carbamate, carbaryl, was introduced in 1956 and more of it has been used throughout the world than all other carbamates combined. Because of carbaryl's relatively low mammalian oral and dermal toxicity and broad control spectrum, it has had wide use in lawn and garden settings. Most of the carbamates are extremely toxic to Hymenoptera, and precautions must be taken to avoid exposure to foraging bees or parasitic wasps. Some of the carbamates are translocated within plants, making them an effective systemic treatment. (L795)"]], ["Dexbrompheniramine", "CN(C)CC[C@@H](C1=CC=C(C=C1)Br)C2=CC=CC=N2", ["Dexbrompheniramine is the (pharmacologically active) (S)-(+)-enantiomer of brompheniramine. A histamine H1 receptor antagonist, it is used (commonly as its maleate salt) for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions, including rhinitis and conjunctivitis. It has a role as a H1-receptor antagonist and an anti-allergic agent.", "Dexbrompheniramine maleate is an antihistamine agent that is used for the treatment of allergic conditions, such as hay fever or urticaria.", "Dexbrompheniramine is an alkylamine derivative with anticholinergic and sedative properties. Dexbrompheniramine is a histamine H1-receptor antagonist that competes with histamine for the H1-receptor sites on effector cells in the gastrointestinal tract, blood vessels and respiratory tract. The antagonistic action of this agent blocks the activities of endogenous histamine, which subsequently leads to temporary relief from the negative histamine-mediated symptoms of allergic reaction such as bronchoconstriction, vasodilation, increased capillary permeability and spasmodic contractions of gastrointestinal smooth muscle."]], ["Flupenthixol", "C1CN(CCN1CCC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3SC4=C2C=C(C=C4)C(F)(F)F)CCO", ["A thioxanthene neuroleptic that, unlike CHLORPROMAZINE, is claimed to have CNS-activating properties. It is used in the treatment of psychoses although not in excited or manic patients. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p595)"]], ["Dimenoxadol", "CCOC(C1=CC=CC=C1)(C2=CC=CC=C2)C(=O)OCCN(C)C", ["Dimenoxadol is a diarylmethane.", "Dimenoxadol is an opioid analgesic which produces typical opioid effects such as analgesia and sedation. It is structurally similar to methadone and is a benzilic acid derivative. In the United States it is classified as a Schedule I controlled drug."]], ["Sulfadoxine", "COC1=C(N=CN=C1OC)NS(=O)(=O)C2=CC=C(C=C2)N", ["Sulfadoxine is a sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine having methoxy substituents at the 5- and 6-positions and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 4-position. In combination with the antiprotozoal pyrimethamine (CHEBI:8673) it is used as an antimalarial. It has a role as an antibacterial drug and an antimalarial. It is a sulfonamide and a member of pyrimidines.", "A long acting sulfonamide that is used, usually in combination with other drugs, for respiratory, urinary tract, and malarial infections.", "Sulfadoxine is a Sulfonamide.", "Sulfadoxine is a broad-spectrum sulfanilamide and a synthetic analog of para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) with bacteriostatic and antimalarial properties. Sulfadoxine competes with PABA for the bacterial enzyme dihydropteroate synthase, thereby preventing the incorporation of PABA into dihydrofolic acid, the immediate precursor of folic acid. This leads to an inhibition of parasitic folic acid synthesis and de novo synthesis of purines and pyrimidines, ultimately resulting in cell growth arrest and cell death.", "A long acting sulfonamide that is used, usually in combination with other drugs, for respiratory, urinary tract, and malarial infections."]], ["Terpin hydrate", "CC1(CCC(CC1)C(C)(C)O)O.O", ["Terpin hydrate is an expectorant, commonly used to loosen mucus and ease congestion in patients presenting with acute or chronic bronchitis, and related pulmonary conditions. It is derived from sources such as turpentine, oregano, thyme and eucalyptus. It was popular in the United States since the late nineteenth century, but was removed from marketed medications in the 1990s after FDA stated that \"based on evidence currently available, there are inadequate data to establish general recognition of the safety and effectiveness of these ingredients\". Elixirs of terpin hydrate are still available to patients as prescription medications to be prepared by specialty compounding pharmacies."]], ["Formebolone", "C[C@@]1(CC[C@@H]2[C@@]1(C[C@H]([C@H]3[C@H]2CCC4=CC(=O)C(=C[C@]34C)C=O)O)C)O", ["Formebolone is a 3-hydroxy steroid and a steroid aldehyde. It has a role as an androgen.", "Formebolone, a derivative of androstane, is an anabolic androgenic steroid. It is on the list of substances prohibited by the Word Anti-Doping Agency, and is regularly screened for in athletes. It is also classified by the US Drug Enforcement Administration as Schedule III drug in the Controlled Substances Act. It has been used experimentally in the treatment of growth retardation, and has been noted to increase bone mass. Additionally, it has been patented for use in development of novel transdermal delivery systems for enhanced drug delivery."]], ["Tetrapentylammonium", "CCCCC[N+](CCCCC)(CCCCC)CCCCC", ["Tetrapentylammonium is a quaternary ammonium ion."]], ["Calcium DTPA", "C(CN(CC(=O)O)CC(=O)O)N(CCN(CC(=O)O)CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-].[Ca+2]", ["Pentetate Calcium is the calcium salt form of diethylene triamine pentaacetate (Ca-DTPA or pentetate calcium), with chelating activity. Upon administration, Ca-DTPA loses the Ca ion to form stable chelates with metal ions because DTPA has a higher affinity for heavy metal ions than for Ca ions. Specifically, this agent is able to bind to and form strong complexes with radioactive plutonium, americium, and cerium after internal contamination. The formation of these heavy metal chelates enhances radionuclide excretion. enhances radionuclide excretion."]], ["Etamsylate", "CCNCC.C1=CC(=C(C=C1O)S(=O)(=O)O)O", ["Etamsylate is a sulfonic acid derivative and an organosulfur compound.", "Benzenesulfonate derivative used as a systemic hemostatic."]], ["Acadesine", "C1=NC(=C(N1[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O2)CO)O)O)N)C(=O)N", ["Acadesine is a 1-ribosylimidazolecarboxamide in which the carboxamide group is situated at position 4 of the imidazole ring, which is further substituted at position 5 by an amino group. A purine nucleoside analogue and activator of AMP-activated protein kinase, it is is used for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia and is reported to have cardioprotective effects. It has a role as a platelet aggregation inhibitor and an antineoplastic agent. It is an aminoimidazole, a nucleoside analogue and a 1-ribosylimidazolecarboxamide.", "Acadesine (AICA-riboside) is a purine nucleoside analog with anti-ischemic properties that is currently being studied (Phase 3) for the prevention of adverse cardiovascular outcomes in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. It is being developed jointly by PeriCor and Schering-Plough. Acadesine has been granted Orphan Drug Designation for B-CLL in the EU.", "AICAR is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).", "Acadesine is a 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide (AICA) riboside, a ribnucleoside analog, and a nucleotide biosynthesis precursor with B cell pro-apoptotic activity. Following cellular uptake, acadesine is phosphorylated to AICA ribotide (ZMP), which mimics 5'-adenosine monophosphate (AMP). Both AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and AMPK kinase (AMPKK) are activated by ZMP, which appears to be necessary for the induction of apoptosis. Acadesine-induced apoptosis also appears to require cytochrome c release from mitochondria and caspase activation and is p53-independent. However, the exact mechanism of acadesine-induced apoptosis is unknown. T cells are significantly less susceptible than B cells to acadesine-induced apoptosis. AMPK regulates several cellular systems including the cellular uptake of glucose, the beta-oxidation of fatty acids, protein synthesis, and the biogenesis of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) and mitochondria."]], ["Butacarb", "CC(C)(C)C1=CC(=CC(=C1)OC(=O)NC)C(C)(C)C", ["Butacarb is an alkylbenzene.", "Butacarb is a carbamate pesticide. Carbamate pesticides are derived from carbamic acid and kill insects in a similar fashion as organophosphate insecticides. They are widely used in homes, gardens and agriculture. The first carbamate, carbaryl, was introduced in 1956 and more of it has been used throughout the world than all other carbamates combined. Because of carbaryl's relatively low mammalian oral and dermal toxicity and broad control spectrum, it has had wide use in lawn and garden settings. Most of the carbamates are extremely toxic to Hymenoptera, and precautions must be taken to avoid exposure to foraging bees or parasitic wasps. Some of the carbamates are translocated within plants, making them an effective systemic treatment. (L795)"]], ["Oleandocetin", "C[C@@H]1C[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O1)O[C@H]2[C@H](C[C@@]3(CO3)C(=O)[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](OC(=O)[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]2C)O[C@H]4C[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O4)C)OC(=O)C)OC)C)C)C)OC(=O)C)C)C)OC(=O)C)N(C)C", ["A macrolide antibiotic that is similar to ERYTHROMYCIN."]], ["Acetophenazine", "CC(=O)C1=CC2=C(C=C1)SC3=CC=CC=C3N2CCCN4CCN(CC4)CCO", ["Acetophenazine is a member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine substituted by a 3-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]propyl group at the nitogen atom and an acetyl group at position 2. It has a role as a phenothiazine antipsychotic drug. It is a member of phenothiazines, a N-alkylpiperazine and a N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine. It is functionally related to a 10H-phenothiazine.", "Acetophenazine is an antipsychotic drug of moderate-potency. It is used in the treatment of disorganized and psychotic thinking. It is also used to help treat false perceptions (e.g. hallucinations or delusions). It primarily targets the dopamine D2 receptor."]], ["Mebeverine hydrochloride", "CCN(CCCCOC(=O)C1=CC(=C(C=C1)OC)OC)C(C)CC2=CC=C(C=C2)OC.Cl", ["Mebeverine Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of mebeverine, an orally bioavailable reserpine derivative and anticholinergic agent, with spasmolytic activity. Upon administration, mebeverine targets, binds to and blocks the muscarinic receptors on smooth muscle cells in target tissues, such as the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, uterus, gallbladder and bladder. This prevents smooth muscle contraction and relaxes smooth muscle. Additionally, this may prevent spasms, ease pain and cramps in the GI tract and improve incontinence. In addition, mebeverine stabilizes excitable membranes by decreasing the permeability of ion channels and preventing intracellular calcium accumulation. This agent also blocks noradrenaline reuptake by sympathetic nerve endings and exerts a local anesthetic effect."]], ["Tetramethylthiourea", "CN(C)C(=S)N(C)C", ["1,1,3,3-tetramethyl-2-thiourea appears as white crystals. (NTP, 1992)", "Tetramethylthiourea is a member of thioureas."]], ["Delorazepam", "C1C(=O)NC2=C(C=C(C=C2)Cl)C(=N1)C3=CC=CC=C3Cl", ["Delorazepam is a benzodiazepine.", "Delorazepam is a benzodiazepine which, like other drugs in its class, possesses anxiolytic, skeletal muscle relaxant, hypnotic and anticonvulsant properties. It may have adverse effects such as drowsiness, and cognitive impairments such as short term memory impairment.      Delorazepam is an active metabolite of the benzodiazepine known as cloxazolam. It is a long acting benzodiazepine which makes it superior in this sense to lorazepam which is short acting. Lorazepam is also a major active metabolite of delorazepam.   In addition to be long acting, delorazepam is relatively potent, with 1 mg of delorazepam being the equivalent of 10 mg diazepam. It has been approved for marketing in Italy.", "Delorazepam is a natural product found in Solanum tuberosum, Triticum aestivum, and Artemisia dracunculus with data available.", "Delorazepam is a benzodiazepine which, like other drugs in its class, possesses anxiolytic, skeletal muscle relaxant, hypnotic and anticonvulsant properties. It may have adverse effects such as drowsiness, and cognitive impairments such as short term memory impairment. Delorazepam is an active metabolite of the benzodiazepine known as cloxazolam. It is a long acting benzodiazepine which makes it superior in this sense to lorazepam which is short acting. Lorazepam is also a major active metabolite of delorazepam. In addition to be long acting, delorazepam is relatively potent, with 1 mg of delorazepam being the equivalent of 10 mg diazepam. It has been approved for marketing in Italy. "]], ["Carfenazine", "CCC(=O)C1=CC2=C(C=C1)SC3=CC=CC=C3N2CCCN4CCN(CC4)CCO", ["Carphenazine is an antipsychotic drug, used in hospitalized patients in the management of chronic schizophrenic psychoses."]], ["Doxifluridine", "C[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O1)N2C=C(C(=O)NC2=O)F)O)O", ["Doxifluridine is a pyrimidine 5'-deoxyribonucleoside that is 5-fluorouridine in which the hydroxy group at the 5' position is replaced by a hydrogen. It is an oral prodrug of the antineoplastic agent 5-fluorouracil. Designed to circumvent the rapid degradation of 5-fluorouracil by dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase in the gut wall, it is converted into 5-fluorouracil in the presence of pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylase. It has a role as an antimetabolite, an antineoplastic agent and a prodrug. It is an organofluorine compound and a pyrimidine 5'-deoxyribonucleoside.", "Doxifluridine has been investigated for the treatment of Stomach Cancer.", "Doxifluridine is a fluoropyrimidine derivative and oral prodrug of the antineoplastic agent 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) with antitumor activity. Doxifluridine, designed to circumvent the rapid degradation of 5-FU by dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase in the gut wall, is converted into 5-FU in the presence of pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylase. 5-FU interferes with DNA synthesis and subsequent cell division by reducing normal thymidine production and interferes with RNA transcription by competing with uridine triphosphate for incorporation into the RNA strand."]], ["Desoxymethyltestosterone", "C[C@]12CC[C@H]3[C@H]([C@@H]1CC[C@]2(C)O)CC[C@@H]4[C@@]3(CC=CC4)C", ["17-Methyl-5-alpha-androst-2-en-17-beta-ol is an androstanoid."]], ["Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate", "C1=CC2=C(C=C1N=C=S)C(=O)OC23C4=C(C=C(C=C4)O)OC5=C3C=CC(=C5)O", ["Fluorescein 5-isothiocyanate is the 5-isomer of fluorescein isothiocyanate. Acts as a fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins; used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques.", "Fluorescein isothiocyanate is a chemical compound derived from fluorescein and containing cyanide. It is used in flow cytometry. (L552)", "Fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins. It is used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques."]], ["Cyclacillin", "CC1([C@@H](N2[C@H](S1)[C@@H](C2=O)NC(=O)C3(CCCCC3)N)C(=O)O)C", ["Cyclacillin is a penicillin. It has a role as an antibacterial drug.", "A cyclohexylamido analog of penicillanic acid.", "Cyclacillin is a semi-synthetic beta-lactam aminocyclohexylpenicillin antibiotic. Cyclacillin is bactericidal and binds to specific penicillin-binding proteins, thereby inhibiting transpeptidation during peptidoglycan synthesis. This leads to an interruption of the bacterial cell wall, causing instability of bacterial cell wall and results in cell lysis. Cyclacillin is beta-lactamase susceptible.", "A cyclohexylamido analog of PENICILLANIC ACID."]], ["Endocistobil;Endografin", "CNCC(C(C(C(CO)O)O)O)O.CNCC(C(C(C(CO)O)O)O)O.C1=C(C(=C(C(=C1I)NC(=O)CCCCC(=O)NC2=C(C=C(C(=C2I)C(=O)O)I)I)I)C(=O)O)I", ["Iodipamide Meglumine is the meglumine salt form of iodipamide, a tri-iodinated benzoate derivative and an ionic dimeric contrast agent used in diagnostic imaging. When administered in vivo, iodipamide is removed from the liver and secreted into the biliary tract. Like other organic iodine compounds, this agent blocks x-ray and appears opaque on x-ray film; thereby it enhances the visibility of the bile ducts and gallbladder during cholangiography and cholecystography procedures."]], ["Iproclozide", "CC(C)NNC(=O)COC1=CC=C(C=C1)Cl", ["Iproclozide is an aromatic ether.", "Iproclozide is an irreversible and selective hydrazine class based monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI). Although it was employed as an antidepressant for a time, the fact that the agent is capable of causing fulminant hepatitis and that its use has been documented as the cause for at least three reported fatalities has resulted ultimately in the agent being discontinued."]], ["Megestrol", "CC1=C[C@@H]2[C@H](CC[C@]3([C@H]2CC[C@@]3(C(=O)C)O)C)[C@@]4(C1=CC(=O)CC4)C", ["Megestrol is a 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is pregna-4,6-diene-3,20-dione substituted by a methyl group at position 6 and a hydroxy group at position 17. It has a role as a contraceptive drug, an antineoplastic agent, an appetite enhancer, a progestin and a synthetic oral contraceptive. It is a 20-oxo steroid, a 17alpha-hydroxy steroid, a 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid and a tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone.", "Megestrol is a Progestin.", "Megestrol is a synthetic derivative of progesterone with antiestrogenic activity. Megestrol binds to and activates nuclear receptors which subsequently bind to and activate target genes for transcription. As an antiestrogen, this agent may inhibit the growth-stimulating effects of estrogen on estrogen-sensitive tumor cells. In addition, megestrol stimulates appetite in cachectic subjects.", "A progestational hormone used most commonly as the acetate ester. As the acetate, it is more potent than progesterone both as a progestagen and as an ovulation inhibitor. It has also been used in the palliative treatment of breast cancer."]], ["Sesquimustard", "C(CSCCCl)SCCCl", ["This is a chemical weapon related to sulfur mustard (mustard gas) and is expected to react in a similar fashion. See the chemical datasheet for sulfur mustard for more information."]], ["Chloralodol", "CC(CC(C)(C)O)OC(C(Cl)(Cl)Cl)O", ["Chloralodol is a tertiary alcohol.", "Chlorhexadol is a sedative and hypnotic which is regulated in the United States as a Schedule III controlled substance. It is a derivative of chloral hydrate."]], ["Azo rubin S", "C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C(=CC=C2S(=O)(=O)O)N=NC3=C(C4=CC=CC=C4C(=C3)S(=O)(=O)O)O", ["Azorubine is a naphthalenesulfonic acid."]], ["Cephaloglycin", "CC(=O)OCC1=C(N2[C@@H]([C@@H](C2=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](C3=CC=CC=C3)N)SC1)C(=O)O", ["Cefaloglycin is a cephalosporin antibiotic containing at the 7beta-position of the cephem skeleton an (R)-amino(phenyl)acetamido group. It has a role as an antimicrobial agent. It is a cephalosporin and a beta-lactam antibiotic allergen.", "A cephalorsporin antibiotic that is no longer commonly used.", "Cephaloglycin Anhydrous is the anhydrous form of cephaloglycin, a semisynthetic first-generation cephalosporin with antibacterial activity. Cephaloglycin binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall. PBPs are enzymes involved in the terminal stages of assembling the bacterial cell wall and in reshaping the cell wall during growth and division. Inactivation of PBPs interferes with the cross-linkage of peptidoglycan chains necessary for bacterial cell wall strength and rigidity. This results in the weakening of the bacterial cell wall and causes cell lysis.", "A cephalorsporin antibiotic."]], ["Parnate", "C1[C@H]([C@@H]1N)C2=CC=CC=C2", ["(1R,2S)-tranylcypromine is a 2-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine that is the (1R,2S)-enantiomer of tranylcypromine. It is a conjugate base of a (1R,2S)-tranylcypromine(1+). It is an enantiomer of a (1S,2R)-tranylcypromine.", "Tranylcypromine is a Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor. The mechanism of action of tranylcypromine is as a Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor.", "Tranylcypromine is a nonhydrazine monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAO inhibitor) used in therapy of severe depression. Tranylcypromine therapy is associated with rare instances of clinically apparent acute liver injury.", "A propylamine formed from the cyclization of the side chain of amphetamine. This monoamine oxidase inhibitor is effective in the treatment of major depression, dysthymic disorder, and atypical depression. It also is useful in panic and phobic disorders. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p311)"]], ["Fenethylline", "CC(CC1=CC=CC=C1)NCCN2C=NC3=C2C(=O)N(C(=O)N3C)C", ["Fenetylline is an oxopurine."]], ["Streptomycin sulfate", "C[C@H]1[C@@]([C@H]([C@@H](O1)O[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]2O)O)N=C(N)N)O)N=C(N)N)O[C@H]3[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O3)CO)O)O)NC)(C=O)O.C[C@H]1[C@@]([C@H]([C@@H](O1)O[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]2O)O)N=C(N)N)O)N=C(N)N)O[C@H]3[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O3)CO)O)O)NC)(C=O)O.OS(=O)(=O)O.OS(=O)(=O)O.OS(=O)(=O)O", ["Streptomycin sulfate (2:3) (salt) appears as an antibacterial. White to light gray or pale buff powder with faint amine-like odor.", "Streptomycin sulfate is an aminoglycoside sulfate salt. It is functionally related to a streptomycin.", "Streptomycin Sulfate is the sulfate salt form of streptomycin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from Streptomyces griseus with antibacterial property. Streptomycin sulfate binds to the S12 protein of the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, thereby inhibiting peptide elongation and protein synthesis, consequently leading to bacterial cell death.", "An antibiotic produced by the soil actinomycete Streptomyces griseus. It acts by inhibiting the initiation and elongation processes during protein synthesis."]], ["Carbonate Ion", "C(=O)([O-])[O-]", ["Carbonate is a carbon oxoanion. It is a conjugate base of a hydrogencarbonate.", "Carbonate Ion is a polyatomic ion with formula of CO3(2-).", "Salts or ions of the theoretical carbonic acid, containing the radical CO2(3-). Carbonates are readily decomposed by acids. The carbonates of the alkali metals are water-soluble; all others are insoluble. (From Grant and Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)"]], ["Bephenium", "C[N+](C)(CCOC1=CC=CC=C1)CC2=CC=CC=C2", ["Bephenium is an aromatic amine."]], ["Piperacetazine", "CC(=O)C1=CC2=C(C=C1)SC3=CC=CC=C3N2CCCN4CCC(CC4)CCO", ["1-[10-[3-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperidinyl]propyl]-2-phenothiazinyl]ethanone is a member of phenothiazines."]], ["(3S,5S,6S,7R,8S,9R,12R,13R,14S,15R)-6-[4-(dimethylamino)-3-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-14-hydroxy-8-(5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxy-5,7,9,12,13,15-hexamethyl-1,11-dioxaspiro[2.13]hexadecane-10,16-dione", "C[C@H]1C[C@]2(CO2)C(=O)[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@H](OC(=O)[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]1OC3C(C(CC(O3)C)N(C)C)O)C)OC4CC(C(C(O4)C)O)OC)C)C)C)O)C", ["Oleandomycin is a macrolide antibiotic similar to erythromycin with antimicrobial activity. Oleandomycin targets and reversibly binds to the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. This prevents translocation of peptidyl tRNA leading to an inhibition of protein synthesis.", "Antibiotic macrolide produced by Streptomyces antibioticus."]], ["Azatadine", "CN1CCC(=C2C3=CC=CC=C3CCC4=C2N=CC=C4)CC1", ["Azatadine is a benzo[5,6]cyclohepta[1,2-b]pyridine having a 1-methylpiperidin-4-ylidene group at the 11-position. It has a role as a H1-receptor antagonist and an anti-allergic agent. It is a benzocycloheptapyridine and a tertiary amine.", "Antihistamines such as azatadine appear to compete with histamine for histamine H1- receptor sites on effector cells. The antihistamines antagonize those pharmacological effects of histamine which are mediated through activation of H1- receptor sites and thereby reduce the intensity of allergic reactions and tissue injury response involving histamine release."]], ["Bitoscanate", "C1=CC(=CC=C1N=C=S)N=C=S", ["Bitoscanate appears as odorless colorless crystals. Melting point 132 \u00b0C.", "Bitoscanate is a member of benzenes.", "Phenylene-1,4-diisothiocyanate is a chemical compound of cyanide."]], ["Dimethylamphetamine", "CC(CC1=CC=CC=C1)N(C)C", ["Dimethylamphetamine is a member of amphetamines."]], ["Quaternium 15", "C1N2CN3CN1C[N+](C2)(C3)CC=CCl.[Cl-]", ["Quaternium-15 is a quaternary ammonium salt used as a surfactant and preservative in many products including cosmetics. It is an anti-microbial agent by virtue of being a formaldehyde releaser, however this can also cause contact dermatitis, a symptom of an allergic reaction, especially in those with sensitive skin. In 2005, Quaternium-15 was named in the top 15 most frequently positive allergens identified in patch tests by the North American Contact Dermatitis Group (NACDG).  Sensitivity to Quaternium-15 may be identified with a clinical patch test."]], ["Valnoctamide", "CCC(C)C(CC)C(=O)N", ["Valnoctamide is a fatty amide.", "Valnoctamide has been used in trials studying the treatment of Mania and Schizoaffective Disorder, Manic Type."]], ["Tybamate", "CCCCNC(=O)OCC(C)(CCC)COC(=O)N", ["Tybamate is a carbamate ester."]], ["Sulfisoxazole diolamine", "CC1=C(ON=C1C)NS(=O)(=O)C2=CC=C(C=C2)N.C(CO)NCCO", ["Sulfisoxazole diolamine is an organoammonium salt obtained by combining equimolar amounts of sulfisoxazole and diethanolamine. It has antibiotic activity against a wide range of gram-negative and gram-positive organisms. It has a role as an antibacterial drug. It contains a sulfisoxazole.", "Sulfisoxazole Diolamine is a short-acting sulfonamide antibacterial agent with broad spectrum activity against both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria.", "A short-acting sulfonamide antibacterial with activity against a wide range of gram- negative and gram-positive organisms."]], ["Tridihexethyl chloride", "CC[N+](CC)(CC)CCC(C1CCCCC1)(C2=CC=CC=C2)O.[Cl-]", ["Tridihexethyl chloride is an organic chloride salt. It contains a tridihexethyl."]], ["Tridihexethyl", "CC[N+](CC)(CC)CCC(C1CCCCC1)(C2=CC=CC=C2)O", ["Tridihexethyl is a tertiary alcohol and a quaternary ammonium ion. It has a role as an anti-ulcer drug, a muscarinic antagonist and an antispasmodic drug.", "Tridihexethyl is a synthetic anticholinergic agent which has been shown in experimental and clinical studies to have a pronounced antispasmodic and antisecretory effect on the gastrointestinal tract. Tridihexethyl is an antimuscarinic, anticholinergic drug. Tridihexethyl is no longer available in the US market."]], ["Amitriptylinoxide", "C[N+](C)(CCC=C1C2=CC=CC=C2CCC3=CC=CC=C31)[O-]", ["Amitriptylinoxide is an organic tricyclic compound.", "Amitriptylinoxide has been used in trials studying Major Depression."]], ["Vitamin e succinate", "CC1=C(C(=C(C2=C1O[C@](CC2)(C)CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)C)OC(=O)CCC(=O)O)C", ["D-alpha-tocopheryl acid succinate is a white powder. (NTP, 1992)", "Tocopherol succinate is a tocol and a hemisuccinate.", "Alpha-tocopherol is the primary form of vitamin E that is preferentially used by the human body to meet appropriate dietary requirements. In particular, the RRR-alpha-tocopherol (or sometimes called the d-alpha-tocopherol stereoisomer) stereoisomer is considered the natural formation of alpha-tocopherol and generally exhibits the greatest bioavailability out of all of the alpha-tocopherol stereoisomers. Moreover, manufacturers typically convert the phenol component of the vitamin to esters using acetic or succinic acid, making a compound such as alpha-tocopherol succinate more stable and easier to use in vitamin supplements.  Alpha-tocopherol succinate is subsequently most commonly indicated for dietary supplementation in individuals who may demonstrate a genuine deficiency in vitamin E. Vitamin E itself is naturally found in various foods, added to others, or used in commercially available products as a dietary supplement. The recommended dietary allowances (RDAs) for vitamin E alpha-tocopherol are: males = 4 mg (6 IU) females = 4 mg (6 IU) in ages 0-6 months, males = 5 mg (7.5 IU) females = 5 mg (7.5 IU) in ages 7-12 months, males = 6 mg (9 IU) females = 6 mg (9 IU) in ages 1-3 years, males = 7 mg (10.4 IU) females = 7 mg (10.4 IU) in ages 4-8 years, males = 11 mg (16.4 IU) females = 11 mg (16.4 IU) in ages 9-13 years, males = 15 mg (22.4 IU) females = 15 mg (22.4 IU) pregnancy = 15 mg (22.4 IU) lactation = 19 mg (28.4 IU) in ages 14+ years. Most individuals obtain adequate vitamin E intake from their diets; genuine vitamin E deficiency is considered to be rare.  Nevertheless, vitamin E is known to be a fat-soluble antioxidant that has the capability to neutralize endogenous free radicals. This biologic action of vitamin E consequently continues to generate ongoing interest and study in whether or not its antioxidant abilities may be used to help assist in preventing or treating a number of different conditions like cardiovascular disease, ocular conditions, diabetes, cancer and more. At the moment, however, there exists a lack of formal data and evidence to support any such additional indications for vitamin E use.  Moreover, although it is generally believed that alpha-tocopherol succinate would naturally demonstrate such general vitamin E-tocopherol pharmacodynamics after undergoing a logical de-esterification in the gut, there is ongoing research that proposes that the alpha-tocopherol succinate compound itself is capable of eliciting anti-cancer and inflammation mediation activities that are unique from the alpha-tocopherol form and other alpha-tocopherol esters.", "A natural tocopherol and one of the most potent antioxidant tocopherols. It exhibits antioxidant activity by virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus. It has four methyl groups on the 6-chromanol nucleus. The natural d form of alpha-tocopherol is more active than its synthetic dl-alpha-tocopherol racemic mixture."]], ["(1R,5R,6R,7S,9R,11S,13S,14S)-3-amino-14-(hydroxymethyl)-8,10-dioxa-2,4-diazatetracyclo[7.3.1.17,11.01,6]tetradec-3-ene-5,9,12,13,14-pentol", "C([C@@]1([C@@H]2[C@@H]3[C@H](N=C(N[C@]34[C@@H]([C@@](O2)(O[C@H]1C4O)O)O)N)O)O)O", ["Tetrodotoxin is a neurotoxin with potential analgesic activity. Tetrodotoxin binds to the pores of fast voltage-gated fast sodium channels in nerve cell membranes, inhibiting nerve action potentials and blocking nerve transmission. Although found in various species of fish (such as the pufferfish), newts, frogs, flatworms, and crabs, tetrodotoxin, for which there is no known antidote, is actually produced by bacteria such as Vibrio alginolyticus, Pseudoalteromonas tetraodonis, and other vibrio and pseudomonas bacterial species.", "An aminoperhydroquinazoline poison found mainly in the liver and ovaries of fishes in the order TETRAODONTIFORMES, which are eaten. The toxin causes paresthesia and paralysis through interference with neuromuscular conduction."]], ["2-Methylglutaronitrile", "CC(CCC#N)C#N", ["D,l-2-methylglutaronitrile is an amber liquid. (NTP, 1992)"]], ["Trichodermin", "CC1=C[C@@H]2[C@](CC1)([C@]3([C@@H](C[C@H]([C@@]34CO4)O2)OC(=O)C)C)C", ["Trichodermin is a natural product found in Trichoderma brevicompactum, Trypanosoma brucei, and other organisms with data available.", "Trichodermin is a trichothecene. Trichothecenes are a very large family of chemically related mycotoxins produced by various species of Fusarium, Myrothecium, Trichoderma, Trichothecium, Cephalosporium, Verticimonosporium, and Stachybotrys. The most important structural features causing the biological activities of trichothecenes are: the 12,13-epoxy ring, the presence of hydroxyl or acetyl groups at appropriate positions on the trichothecene nucleus and the structure and position of the side-chain. They are produced on many different grains like wheat, oats or maize by various Fusarium species such as F. graminearum, F. sporotrichioides, F. poae and F. equiseti. Some molds that produce trichothecene mycotoxins, such as Stachybotrys chartarum, can grow in damp indoor environments and may contribute to health problems among building occupants. (L1948)", "Antifungal metabolite from several fungi, mainly Trichoderma viride; inhibits protein synthesis by binding to ribosomes; proposed as antifungal and antineoplastic; used as tool in cellular biochemistry."]], ["Octamoxin", "CCCCCCC(C)NN", ["Octamoxin is a member of hydrazines.", "Octamoxin, also known as 2-octylhydrazine, is both an irreversible and nonselective monoamine oxidase enzyme inhibitor (MAOI) of the hydrazine chemical class. This drug was used in the past as an antidepressant agent in the 1960s, however, has since been discontinued."]], ["CID 20823", "CC1(C(N2C(S1)C(C2=O)NC(=O)C(C3=CSC=C3)C(=O)[O-])C(=O)[O-])C.[Na+].[Na+]", ["Ticarcillin Disodium is the disodium salt form of ticarcillin, a broad-spectrum, semi-synthetic penicillin antibiotic with bactericidal and beta-lactamase resistant activity. Similar to carbenicillin in action, ticarcillin inactivates the penicillin-sensitive transpeptidase C-terminal domain by opening the lactam ring. This inactivation prevents the cross-linkage of peptidoglycan strands, thereby inhibiting the third and last stage of bacterial cell wall synthesis. This leads to incomplete bacterial cell wall synthesis and eventually causes cell lysis.", "An antibiotic derived from penicillin similar to CARBENICILLIN in action."]], ["Light Green SF Yellowish", "CCN(CC1=CC(=CC=C1)S(=O)(=O)[O-])C2=CC=C(C=C2)C(=C3C=CC(=[N+](CC)CC4=CC(=CC=C4)S(=O)(=O)[O-])C=C3)C5=CC=C(C=C5)S(=O)(=O)[O-].[Na+].[Na+]", ["Acid green 5 is an organic sodium salt having 3-[(ethyl{4-[(4-{ethyl[(3-sulfonatophenyl)methyl]amino}phenyl)(4-sulfonatophenyl)methylidene]cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene}azaniumyl)methyl]benzene-1-sulfonate as the counterion. It is the standard dye in North American for staining collagen and is also used extensively in plant histology. It has a role as a histological dye. It contains an acid green 5(2-).", "Light green SF yellowish is a green triarylmethane dye that is used in the preparation of the staining solution which is widely used as a counterstain. It is used in histological applications and other labratory settings, and usually exists as a disodium salt. The maximum absorption of light green SF yellowish is at 630 (422) nm. Although it has been used as a food colorant, it was discontinued from the market due to low popularity which are possibly due to low durability of the dye and increased tendency of the dye to fade. Light green SF yellowish is also available as sterile strips used as a diagnostic agent when superficial corneal or conjunctival tissue change is suspected."]], ["Metocurine", "C[N+]1(CCC2=CC(=C3C=C2[C@@H]1CC4=CC=C(C=C4)OC5=C6[C@@H](CC7=CC(=C(C=C7)OC)O3)[N+](CCC6=CC(=C5OC)OC)(C)C)OC)C", ["Metocurine is a member of isoquinolines.", "Dimethyltubocurarinium (INN) or metocurine (USAN), also known as dimethyltubocurarine, is a non-depolarizing muscle relaxant. Patients on chronic anticonvulsant drugs are relatively resistant to metocurine."]], ["Brilliant Red", "CC1=CC(=C(C=C1Cl)S(=O)(=O)[O-])N=NC2=C(C=CC3=CC=CC=C32)O.CC1=CC(=C(C=C1Cl)S(=O)(=O)[O-])N=NC2=C(C=CC3=CC=CC=C32)O.[Ba+2]", ["D&c red 9 appears as odorless yellowish-red or reddish-orange powder. (NTP, 1992)", "D and C Red No. 9 is an organic molecular entity."]], ["Flucloxacillin", "CC1=C(C(=NO1)C2=C(C=CC=C2Cl)F)C(=O)N[C@H]3[C@@H]4N(C3=O)[C@H](C(S4)(C)C)C(=O)O", ["Flucloxacillin is a penicillin compound having a 6beta-[3-(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-methyl-1,2-oxazole-4-carboxamido] side-chain. It has a role as an antibacterial drug. It is a penicillin and a penicillin allergen. It is a conjugate acid of a flucloxacillin(1-).", "Antibiotic analog of [cloxacillin].", "Flucloxacillin is a narrow-spectrum, semisynthetic isoxazolyl penicillin with antibacterial activity. Floxacillin binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall. Inactivation of PBPs interferes with the cross-linkage of peptidoglycan chains necessary for bacterial cell wall strength and rigidity. This interrupts bacterial cell wall synthesis and results in the weakening of the bacterial cell wall, eventually causing cell lysis.", "Antibiotic analog of CLOXACILLIN."]], ["Fenamole", "C1=CC=C(C=C1)N2C(=NN=N2)N", ["Fenamole has been investigated for the supportive care of Side Effects and Dental Plaque."]], ["4-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-butanone", "CC(=O)CCC1=CC=C(C=C1)O", ["Raspberry ketone is a ketone that is 4-phenylbutan-2-one in which the phenyl ring is substituted at position 4 by a hydroxy group. It is found in a variety of fruits including raspberries, blackberries and cranberries, and is used in perfumery and cosmetics. It has a role as a flavouring agent, a fragrance, a metabolite, a hepatoprotective agent, a cosmetic and an androgen antagonist. It is a member of phenols and a methyl ketone.", "4-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-butanone is a natural product found in Rheum officinale, Rheum palmatum, and other organisms with data available."]], ["Dihydrostreptomycin sulfate", "C[C@H]1[C@@]([C@H]([C@@H](O1)O[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]2O)O)N=C(N)N)O)N=C(N)N)O[C@H]3[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O3)CO)O)O)NC)(CO)O.C[C@H]1[C@@]([C@H]([C@@H](O1)O[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]2O)O)N=C(N)N)O)N=C(N)N)O[C@H]3[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O3)CO)O)O)NC)(CO)O.OS(=O)(=O)O.OS(=O)(=O)O.OS(=O)(=O)O", ["Dihydrostreptomycin Sulfate is a semi-synthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic with bactericidal properties. Dihydrostreptomycin sulfate inhibits protein synthesis by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit. This antibiotic is active against most gram-positive and gram-negative organisms and is used in the treatment of tuberculosis and tulemia.", "A semi-synthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic that is used in the treatment of TUBERCULOSIS."]], ["Amfecloral", "CC(CC1=CC=CC=C1)N=CC(Cl)(Cl)Cl", ["Amfecloral is a member of amphetamines.", "Amfecloral is a stimulant drug of the phenethylamine and amphetamine chemical classes. For a short period of time, it was available under the brand Acutran and indicated as an appetite suppressant, but this product no longer exists. It acts as a prodrug which splits to form amphetamine and chloral hydrate, similarly to clobenzorex and related compounds, except that the N-substituent, in this case, yields a compound that is active in its own right. The chloral hydrate metabolite is a gabaminergic sedative/hypnotic, and would in theory counteract some of the stimulant effects of the amphetamine metabolite. This would produce an effect similar to the amphetamine/barbiturate combinations previously used in psychiatric medications."]], ["Mefenorex", "CC(CC1=CC=CC=C1)NCCCCl", ["Mefenorex is a member of amphetamines."]], ["Betamethasone dipropionate", "CCC(=O)OCC(=O)[C@]1([C@H](C[C@@H]2[C@@]1(C[C@@H]([C@]3([C@H]2CCC4=CC(=O)C=C[C@@]43C)F)O)C)C)OC(=O)CC", ["Betamethasone dipropionate is a steroid ester that is betamethasone in which the hydroxy hydrogens at positions 17 and 21 are replaced by propanoyl groups. It is used in combination with calcipotriene hydrate, a synthetic vitamin D analogue, for the topical treatment of plaque psoriasis in adult patients. It has a role as an antipsoriatic. It is a steroid ester, an 11beta-hydroxy steroid, a 20-oxo steroid, a fluorinated steroid, a propanoate ester and a 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid. It is functionally related to a betamethasone.", "Betamethasone dipropionate is a natural product found in Dodonaea polyandra with data available.", "Betamethasone Dipropionate is the 17,21-dipropionate ester of betamethasone, a synthetic glucocorticoid with metabolic, immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory actions. Betamethasone dipropionate binds to specific intracellular glucocorticoid receptors and subsequently binds to DNA to modify gene expression. The synthesis of certain anti-inflammatory proteins is induced while the synthesis of certain inflammatory mediators is inhibited.  As a result, there is an overall reduction in chronic inflammation and autoimmune reactions."]], ["Triamcinolone hexacetonide", "C[C@]12C[C@@H]([C@]3([C@H]([C@@H]1C[C@@H]4[C@]2(OC(O4)(C)C)C(=O)COC(=O)CC(C)(C)C)CCC5=CC(=O)C=C[C@@]53C)F)O", ["Triamcinolone hexacetonide is a corticosteroid hormone.", "Triamcinolone Hexacetonide is the hexacetonide salt form of triamcinolone, a synthetic glucocorticosteroid with immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory activity. Triamcinolone hexacetonide binds to specific cytosolic glucocorticoid receptors and subsequently interacts with glucocorticoid receptor response element on DNA and alters gene expression. This results in an induction of the synthesis of certain anti-inflammatory proteins while inhibiting the synthesis of certain inflammatory mediators. Consequently, an overall reduction in chronic inflammation and autoimmune reactions are accomplished."]], ["Iodinated glycerol", "CC(C1OCC(O1)CO)I", ["Iodinated glycerol appears as viscous pale yellow or yellow liquid. (NTP, 1992)", "Iodinated glycerol is a dioxolane."]], ["Dimethindene", "CC(C1=CC=CC=N1)C2=C(CC3=CC=CC=C32)CCN(C)C", ["Dimetindene is an indene.", "Dimetindene (Fenistil) is an antihistamine/anticholinergic used orally and locally as an antipruritic.", "A histamine H1 antagonist. It is used in hypersensitivity reactions, in rhinitis, for pruritus, and in some common cold remedies."]], ["Methetoin", "CCC1(C(=O)NC(=O)N1C)C2=CC=CC=C2", ["Methetoin is a natural product found in Saposhnikovia divaricata, Prangos uloptera, and other organisms with data available."]], ["Piminodine", "CCOC(=O)C1(CCN(CC1)CCCNC2=CC=CC=C2)C3=CC=CC=C3", ["Piminodine is a member of piperidines."]], ["Bromobenzyl cyanide", "C1=CC=C(C=C1)C(C#N)Br", ["Bromobenzyl cyanide is a colorless organobromide compound. It is slightly soluble in water but readily soluble in organic solvents. Bromobenzyl cyanide is resistant to the action of water and oxidizers; it decomposes upon heating above 120\u00b0 C and also when exposed to the action of a number of metals, which are thereby intensely corroded. Bromobenzyl cyanide is obtained by the action of sodium cyanide or potassium cyanide on benzyl chloride with subsequent bromination of the benzyl cyanide that has been formed. Bromobenzyl cyanide acts powerfully on the mucous membranes of the eye, causing irritation and heavy lachrymation. It was proposed as a toxic lachrymatory agent at the end of World War I and an irritant gas for law enforcement.  It is chemically and biologically similar to Benzyl cyanide. Benzyl cyanide and its derivatives are used in organic synthesis for dyes, perfumes, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, especially penicillin precursors."]], ["Cyclopentolate hydrochloride", "CN(C)CCOC(=O)C(C1=CC=CC=C1)C2(CCCC2)O.Cl", ["Cyclopentolate hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt of cyclopentolate. It is used to produce mydriasis (excessive dilation of the pupil) and cycloplegia (paralysis of the ciliary muscle of the eye) for opthalmic diagnostic procedures. It acts more quickly than atropine and has a shorter duration of action. It has a role as a mydriatic agent, a parasympatholytic, a diagnostic agent and a muscarinic antagonist. It contains a cyclopentolate.", "Cyclopentolate Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of cyclopentolate, an anticholinergic drug. Administered in the eye, cyclopentolate hydrochloride blocks the acetylcholine receptor in the sphincter muscle of the iris and the ciliary muscle, thereby preventing contraction. This dilates the pupil, producing mydriasis, and prevents the eye from accommodating.", "A parasympatholytic anticholinergic used solely to obtain mydriasis or cycloplegia."]], ["Ferric cacodylate", "C[As](=O)(C)[O-].C[As](=O)(C)[O-].C[As](=O)(C)[O-].[Fe+3]", ["Iron cacodylate is a chemical compound of iron and arsenic. Arsenic is a chemical element that has the symbol As and atomic number 33. It is a poisonous metalloid that has many allotropic forms: yellow (molecular non-metallic) and several black and grey forms (metalloids) are a few that are seen. Three metalloidal forms of arsenic with different crystal structures are found free in nature (the minerals arsenopyrite and the much rarer arsenolamprite and pararsenolamprite), but it is more commonly found as a compound with other elements.  (T3)"]], ["Norpipanone", "CCC(=O)C(CCN1CCCCC1)(C2=CC=CC=C2)C3=CC=CC=C3", ["Norpipanone is a diarylmethane."]], ["(-)-Cytisine", "C1C2CNCC1C3=CC=CC(=O)N3C2", ["LSM-22634 is an alkaloid.", "(-)-Cytisine is a natural product found in Thermopsis alpina, Thermopsis lanceolata, and other organisms with data available."]], ["Olsalazine", "C1=CC(=C(C=C1N=NC2=CC(=C(C=C2)O)C(=O)O)C(=O)O)O", ["Olsalazine is an azobenzene that consists of two molecules of 4-aminosalicylic acid joined by an azo linkage. A prodrug for mesalazine, an anti-inflammatory drug, it is used (as the disodium salt) in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. It has a role as a prodrug and a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. It is a dicarboxylic acid and a member of azobenzenes. It is functionally related to a salicylic acid. It is a conjugate acid of an olsalazine(2-).", "Olsalazine is an anti-inflammatory drug used in the treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Ulcerative Colitis. Olsalazine is a derivative of salicylic acid. Inactive by itself (it is a prodrug), it is converted by the bacteria in the colon to mesalamine. Mesalamine works as an anti-inflammatory agent in treating inflammatory diseases of the intestines.", "Olsalazine is an Aminosalicylate.", "Olsalazine is a prodrug of mesalamine (5-Aminosalicylic acid; 5-ASA) with anti-inflammatory activity. Unabsorbed olsalazine passes through gastrointestinal tract and is cleaved by azoreductases, produced by microflora in colon, into 2 active molecules of 5-ASA. 5-ASA exerts its anti-inflammatory action locally by inhibiting cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase activities, thereby reducing the production of prostaglandins and leukotrienes. In addition, mesalamine may act as a scavenger of reactive oxygen free radicals."]], ["Pipazethate", "C1CCN(CC1)CCOCCOC(=O)N2C3=CC=CC=C3SC4=C2N=CC=C4", ["Pipazetate is an aryl sulfide.", "A non-narcotic oral antitussive agent."]], ["Succinylcholine chloride", "C[N+](C)(C)CCOC(=O)CCC(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C.[Cl-].[Cl-]", ["Suxamethonium dichloride is a fine white powder. (NTP, 1992)", "Succinylcholine chloride (anhydrous) is a chloride salt in which the negative charge of the chloride ions is balanced by succinylcholine dications. It has a role as a muscle relaxant. It contains a succinylcholine.", "Succinylcholine Chloride is the chloride salt form of succinylcholine, a quaternary ammonium compound and depolarizing agent with short-term muscle relaxant properties. Succinylcholine chloride binds to nicotinic receptors at the neuromuscular junction and opening the ligand-gated channels in the same way as acetylcholine, resulting in depolarization and inhibition of neuromuscular transmission. Depolarization may be prolonged due to succinylcholine's resistance to acetylcholinesterases thereby leading to disorganized muscle contraction followed by skeletal muscle relaxation and flaccid paralysis.", "A quaternary skeletal muscle relaxant usually used in the form of its bromide, chloride, or iodide. It is a depolarizing relaxant, acting in about 30 seconds and with a duration of effect averaging three to five minutes. Succinylcholine is used in surgical, anesthetic, and other procedures in which a brief period of muscle relaxation is called for."]], ["Diethylaminoacet-2,6-xylidide hydrochloride monohydrate", "CC[NH+](CC)CC(=O)NC1=C(C=CC=C1C)C.O.[Cl-]", ["Lidocaine hydrochloride monohydrate is the monohydrate form of lidocaine hydrochloride. It has a role as a local anaesthetic and an anti-arrhythmia drug. It contains a lidocaine hydrochloride.", "A local anesthetic and cardiac depressant used as an antiarrhythmia agent. Its actions are more intense and its effects more prolonged than those of PROCAINE but its duration of action is shorter than that of BUPIVACAINE or PRILOCAINE."]], ["Lapyrium", "CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCCNC(=O)C[N+]1=CC=CC=C1", ["Lapyrium chloride is a fatty acid ester.", "Lapyrium is a quaternary ammonium cation used as a surfactant, antistatic agent, and biocide in various cosmetic products. It is commonly found formulated as lapyrium chloride."]], ["Butanamide, 2-((2-methoxy-4-nitrophenyl)azo)-N-(2-methoxyphenyl)-3-oxo-", "CC(=O)C(C(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1OC)N=NC2=C(C=C(C=C2)[N+](=O)[O-])OC", ["C.i. pigment yellow 74 is a bright yellow powder. Considerable change and tendency to sublime when heated to melting point. (NTP, 1992)"]], ["Nimorazole", "C1COCCN1CCN2C=NC=C2[N+](=O)[O-]", ["Nimorazole is a member of imidazoles and a C-nitro compound.", "Nimorazole has been used in trials studying the treatment of Hypoxia, Radiotherapy, Hypoxic Modification, Gene Profile, Gene Signature, and Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma, among others.", "Nimorazole is a water soluble, 5-nitroimidazole compound with antibacterial and potential radiosensitizing activity. As an oxygen mimetic, nimorazole induces free radical formation and is able to sensitize hypoxic cells to the cytotoxic effects of ionizing radiation. This prevents DNA repair and thus enhances damage to DNA strands; eventually, leading to tumor cell death. Nimorazole is less active but also less toxic than the 2-nitroimidazole compounds, misonidazole and etanidazole.", "An antitrichomonal agent which is effective either topically or orally and whose urinary metabolites are also trichomonicidal."]], ["Enbucrilate", "CCCCOC(=O)C(=C)C#N", ["Enbucrilate is a nitrile and an alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid.", "Enbucrilate is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02468206 (Secondary Prophylaxis of Gastric Variceal Bleed).", "Butyl cyanoacrylate is a chemical compound of cyanide. It is the main component of medical cyanoacrylate glues, which are used as adhesives for lacerations of the skin, and in the treatment of bleeding from vascular structures. (L595)", "A tissue adhesive that is applied as a monomer to moist tissue and polymerizes to form a bond. It is slowly biodegradable and used in all kinds of surgery, including dental."]], ["Ocrilate", "CCCCCCCCOC(=O)C(=C)C#N", ["Ocrylate is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01918059 (Cosmetic Outcome Study of Lid Laceration Repair With Suture Versus Tissue Adhesive).", "Octyl cyanoacrylate is a chemical compound of cyanide. It is the main component of medical cyanoacrylate glues, which are used as adhesives for lacerations of the skin, and in the treatment of bleeding from vascular structures. (L609)"]], ["Ampicillin trihydrate", "CC1([C@@H](N2[C@H](S1)[C@@H](C2=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](C3=CC=CC=C3)N)C(=O)O)C.O.O.O", ["Ampicillin trihydrate is an odorless white microcrystalline powder with a bitter taste. A 0.25% solution in water has a pH of 3.5 to 5.5. (NTP, 1992)", "Ampicillin trihydrate is a hydrate. It contains an ampicillin.", "Ampicillin Trihydrate is the trihydrate form of ampicillin, a broad-spectrum semisynthetic derivative of aminopenicillin. Ampicillin trihydrate inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin binding proteins, thereby inhibiting peptidoglycan synthesis, a critical component of the bacterial cell wall.", "Semi-synthetic derivative of penicillin that functions as an orally active broad-spectrum antibiotic."]], ["Trimethaphan", "C1CC2C3C(C[S+]2C1)N(C(=O)N3CC4=CC=CC=C4)CC5=CC=CC=C5", ["Trimethaphan is a complex heterocyclic sulfonium compound with an imidazolium core, used to treat hypertension. It has a role as a vasodilator agent, an antihypertensive agent, an anaesthesia adjuvant and a nicotinic antagonist.", "A nicotinic antagonist that has been used as a ganglionic blocker in hypertension, as an adjunct to anesthesia, and to induce hypotension during surgery.", "A nicotinic antagonist that has been used as a ganglionic blocker in hypertension, as an adjunct to anesthesia, and to induce hypotension during surgery."]], ["Metoclopramide hydrochloride", "CCN(CC)CCNC(=O)C1=CC(=C(C=C1OC)N)Cl.Cl", ["A dopamine D2 antagonist that is used as an antiemetic."]], ["Isoetharine mesylate", "CCC(C(C1=CC(=C(C=C1)O)O)O)NC(C)C.CS(=O)(=O)O", ["Adrenergic beta-2 agonist used as bronchodilator for emphysema, bronchitis and asthma."]], ["4-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazine ethanesulfonic acid", "C1CN(CCN1CCO)CCS(=O)(=O)O", ["2-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]ethanesulfonic acid is a HEPES that is ethanesulfonic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl group. A Good's buffer substance, pKa = 7.55 at 20 \u2103. It is a HEPES and an organosulfonic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a 2-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]ethanesulfonate. It is a tautomer of a 2-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-4-ium-1-yl]ethanesulfonate.", "A dipolar ionic buffer."]], ["Lanthanum", "[La]", ["Lanthanum(2+) is a lanthanum molecular entity, a monoatomic dication and a divalent metal cation.", "Lanthanum is a silvery white metallic element that belongs to period 6 of the lanthanoids family, with phosphate binding property. Lanthanum, when administered in a salt form, dissociates in acid to release lanthanum ions, which then bind dietary phosphate. This agent inhibits the absorption of phosphate by forming highly insoluble lanthanum-phosphate complexes that reduce concentrations of serum phosphate and calcium phosphate.", "lanthanum is a mineral.", "The prototypical element in the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol La, atomic number 57, and atomic weight 138.91. Lanthanide ion is used in experimental biology as a calcium antagonist; lanthanum oxide improves the optical properties of glass."]], ["Neodymium", "[Nd]", ["Neodymium atom is a lanthanoid atom and a f-block element atom.", "Neodymium is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03525522 (Nd:Yttrium Aluminum Garnet Laser Treatment for Lichen Sclerosus).", "neodymium is a mineral.", "An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Nd, atomic number 60, and atomic weight 144.24, and is used in industrial applications."]], ["Plutonium", "[Pu]", ["Plutonium is a silvery white metal that exists as a solid under normal conditions. It is produced when uranium absorbs an atomic particle. Trace amounts of plutonium occur naturally, but large amounts have been produced in nuclear reactors. Trace levels of plutonium can be found in the environment, from past nuclear bomb tests, in several forms called isotopes. The most common plutonium isotopes are plutonium-238 and plutonium-239. Plutonium undergoes radioactive decay. In this decay process, energy is released and a new product is formed. The energy released is called radiation. When plutonium decays, it divides into two parts-a small part that is called \"alpha\" radiation and a large part called a daughter. The daughter is also radioactive, and it, too, continues to decay until a nonradioactive daughter is formed. During these decay processes, three types of radiation are released-alpha, beta, and gamma. Alpha particles can travel only a short distance and cannot travel through your skin. Beta particles can penetrate through your skin, but they cannot go all the way through your body. Gamma radiation can go all the way through your body.", "Plutonium atom is an actinoid atom and a f-block element atom.", "plutonium is a mineral.", "Plutonium is an element with the symbol Pu and atomic number 94. It is a rare transuranic radioactive element that normally exhibits six allotropes and four oxidation states. It is also a radioactive poison that accumulates in bone marrow. (L1840)", "A naturally radioactive element of the actinide metals series. It has the atomic symbol Pu, and atomic number 94. Plutonium is used as a nuclear fuel, to produce radioisotopes for research, in radionuclide batteries for pacemakers, and as the agent of fission in nuclear weapons."]], ["Praseodymium", "[Pr]", ["Praseodymium atom is a lanthanoid atom and a f-block element atom.", "praseodymium is a mineral.", "An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Pr, atomic number 59, and atomic weight 140.91."]], ["Mendelevium", "[Md]", ["Mendelevium atom is an actinoid atom and a f-block element atom.", "A man-made radioactive element of the actinide family with atomic symbol Md, and atomic number 101."]], ["Promethium", "[Pm]", ["Promethium atom is a lanthanoid atom and a f-block element atom.", "A radioactive element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Pm, and atomic number 61. It has been used in the construction of atomic batteries, in the preparation of self-luminous compounds, and as a beta-particle source for thickness gauges."]], ["Protactinium", "[Pa]", ["Protactinium atom is an actinoid atom and a f-block element atom.", "Protactinium is a natural product found in Paris polyphylla var. chinensis with data available.", "A radioactive element of the actinide group of metals. It has the atomic symbol Pa, atomic number 91, and atomic weight 231. It decays by alpha-emission."]], ["Rhenium", "[Re]", ["Rhenium atom is a manganese group element atom.", "rhenium is a mineral.", "A metal, atomic number 75, atomic weight 186.207, symbol Re."]], ["Ruthenium", "[Ru]", ["Ruthenium atom is an iron group element atom and a platinum group metal atom.", "Ruthenium is a mineral with formula of Ru. The corresponding IMA (International Mineralogical Association) number is IMA1974-013. The IMA symbol is Ru.", "A hard, brittle, grayish-white rare earth metal with an atomic symbol Ru, atomic number 44, and atomic weight 101.07. It is used as a catalyst and hardener for PLATINUM and PALLADIUM."]], ["Samarium", "[Sm]", ["Samarium atom is a lanthanoid atom and a f-block element atom.", "Samarium has been used in trials studying the treatment and prevention of Pain, Cancer, Metastasis, Prostate Cancer, and Metastatic Osteosarcoma, among others.", "samarium is a mineral.", "An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Sm, atomic number 62, and atomic weight 150.36. The oxide is used in the control rods of some nuclear reactors."]], ["Scandium", "[Sc]", ["Scandium atom is a rare earth metal atom, a scandium group element atom and a d-block element atom.", "scandium is a mineral.", "An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Sc, atomic number 21, and atomic weight 45."]], ["Technetium", "[Tc]", ["Technetium atom is a manganese group element atom.", "Technetium is a natural product found in Paris polyphylla var. chinensis with data available.", "The first artificially produced element and a radioactive fission product of URANIUM. Technetium has the atomic symbol Tc, and atomic number 43. All technetium isotopes are radioactive. Technetium 99m (m=metastable) which is the decay product of Molybdenum 99, has a half-life of about 6 hours and is used diagnostically as a radioactive imaging agent. Technetium 99 which is a decay product of technetium 99m, has a half-life of 210,000 years."]], ["Terbium", "[Tb]", ["Terbium atom is a lanthanoid atom and a f-block element atom.", "Terbium is a natural product found in Paris polyphylla var. chinensis with data available.", "terbium is a mineral.", "An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Tb, atomic number 65, and atomic weight 158.92."]], ["Thorium", "[Th]", ["Thorium is a naturally occurring, radioactive substance. In the environment, thorium exists in combination with other minerals, such as silica. Small amounts of thorium are present in all rocks, soil, water, plants, and animals. Soil contains an average of about 6 parts of thorium per million parts of soil (6 ppm). More than 99% of natural thorium exists in the form of thorium-232. It breaks down into two parts-a small part called \"alpha\" radiation and a large part called the decay product. The decay product is also not stable and continues to break down through a series of decay products until a stable product is formed. During these decay processes, radioactive substances are produced. These include radium and radon. These substances give off radiation, including alpha and beta particles, and gamma radiation. Some rocks in underground mines contain thorium in a more concentrated form. After these rocks are mined, thorium is usually concentrated and changed into thorium dioxide or other chemical forms. After most of the thorium is removed, the rocks are called \"depleted\" ore or tailings. Thorium is used to make ceramics, gas lantern mantles, and metals used in the aerospace industry and in nuclear reactions. Thorium can also be used as a fuel for generating nuclear energy.", "Thorium is an actinoid atom and a f-block element atom.", "Thorium is a natural product found in Paris polyphylla var. chinensis with data available.", "thorium is a mineral.", "Thorium is a natural radioactive chemical element with the symbol Th and atomic number 90. In nature, virtually all thorium is found as thorium-232, and it decays by emitting an alpha particle, and has a half-life of about 14.05 billion years (other, trace-level isotopes of thorium are short-lived intermediates of decay chains). It is estimated to be about four times more abundant than uranium in the Earth's crust and is a by-product of the extraction of rare earths from monazite sands. -- Wikipedia."]], ["Thulium", "[Tm]", ["Thulium atom is a lanthanoid atom and a f-block element atom.", "thulium is a mineral.", "An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Tm, atomic number 69, and atomic weight 168.93."]], ["Actinium", "[Ac]", ["Actinium atom is a scandium group element atom, an actinoid atom and a f-block element atom.", "Actinium has been investigated for the treatment of Breast Cancer and Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive.", "actinium is a mineral.", "A trivalent radioactive element and the prototypical member of the actinide family. It has the atomic symbol Ac, and atomic number 89. Its principal isotope is 227 and it decays primarily by beta-emission."]], ["Americium", "[Am]", ["Americium is a man-made radioactive chemical. Americium has no naturally occurring or stable isotopes. Two important isotopes of americium are americium 241 (241Am) (read as americium two-forty-one) and243Am. Both isotopes have the same chemical behavior in the environment and the same chemical effects on your body.241Americium is used in ionization smoke detectors. There is no broad commercial use for243Am. Nuclear reactors, nuclear explosions, or the radioactive transformation of plutonium can produce both241Am and243Am. These isotopes transform by giving off alpha radiation and turning into radionuclides of other elements. The half-life of a radioactive material is the time it takes for half of the material to give off its radiation. The half-life of241Am is 432 years and that of243Am is 7,370years.", "Americium atom is an actinoid atom and a f-block element atom.", "Americium is a man-made radioactive element with atomic symbol Am, atomic number 95, and atomic weight 243.", "americium is a mineral.", "Americium is a synthetic element that has the symbol Am and atomic number 95. It is a radioactive metallic element of the actinide series. Eighteen radioisotopes of americium, with mass number from 231 to 249, have been characterized. The most stable isotopes are Am-243 (half-life of 7370 years) and Am-241 (half-life of 432.2 years). The most used isotope is Am-241 because it is easiest to produce. Americium is widely used in commercial ionization-chamber smoke detectors as well as in neutron sources and industrial gauges. Americium emits alpha and gamma radiation, which represents a serious health hazard. (L1103)", "A completely man-made radioactive actinide with atomic symbol Am, and atomic number 95. Its valence can range from +3 to +6. Because of its nonmagnetic ground state, it is an excellent superconductor. It is also used in bone mineral analysis and as a radiation source for radiotherapy."]], ["Curium", "[Cm]", ["Curium atom is an actinoid atom and a f-block element atom.", "A radioactive actinide with atomic symbol Cm, and atomic number 96. Thirteen curium isotopes have been produced with mass numbers ranging from 238-250. Its valence can be +3 or +4. It is intensely radioactive and decays by alpha-emission."]], ["Californium", "[Cf]", ["Californium atom is an actinoid atom and a f-block element atom.", "A man-made radioactive actinide with atomic symbol Cf, atomic number 98, and atomic weight 251. Its valence can be +2 or +3. Californium has medical use as a radiation source for radiotherapy."]], ["Fermium", "[Fm]", ["Fermium is an actinoid atom and a f-block element atom.", "A man-made radioactive actinide with atomic symbol Fm, and atomic number 100. Its known isotopes range from 244-254 and 256-258. Its valence can be +2 or +3. Like einsteinium, it was discovered in 1952 in the debris from a thermonuclear explosion."]], ["Selenium sulfide", "S=[Se]", ["Selenium sulfide appears as orange-yellow tablets or powder. Has a faint odor. (NTP, 1992)", "Selenium Sulfide is an antifungal agent as well as a cytostatic agent, slowing the growth of hyperproliferative cells in seborrhea. Selenium Sulfide is the active ingredient often used in shampoos for the treatment of dandruff, seborrheic dermatitis and tinea capitis, a fungal infection that is primarily a disease of preadolescent children."]], ["Acrisorcin", "CCCCCCC1=C(C=C(C=C1)O)O.C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C(=C3C=CC=CC3=N2)N", ["Acrisorcin is a topical anti-fungal agent. Acrisorcin is comprised of two active ingredients, 9-aminoacridine and 4-hexylresorcinol, but its clinical use has been discontinued."]], ["(2S,3S,4R,5R,6R)-5-amino-2-(aminomethyl)-6-[(2R,3S,4R)-5-[(1R,3S,5R,6S)-3,5-diamino-2-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-amino-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6-hydroxycyclohexyl]oxy-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl]oxyoxane-3,4-diol", "C1[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](C([C@H]1N)O[C@@H]2[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O2)CO)O)O)N)OC3[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O3)CO)O[C@@H]4[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](O4)CN)O)O)N)O)O)N", ["An aminoglycoside antibacterial and antiprotozoal agent produced by species of STREPTOMYCES."]], ["Hexocyclium", "C[N+]1(CCN(CC1)CC(C2CCCCC2)(C3=CC=CC=C3)O)C", ["Hexocyclium is an amine.", "Hexocyclium is a muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist which was presumably used in the treatment of gastric ulcer or diarrhea. It was once available under the tradename Tral marketed by Abbvie Inc. but has been discontinued. Proton pump inhibitors like [DB00338] and opiate anti-diarrheal agents like [DB00836] have largely replaced the use of anti-muscarinics in the treatment of gastric ulcers and diarrhea due to their more favorable side effect profiles."]], ["2-(3-Hydroxy-3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadecyl)-3,5,6-trimethylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione", "CC1=C(C(=O)C(=C(C1=O)C)CCC(C)(CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)C)O)C", ["2-(3-Hydroxy-3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadecyl)-3,5,6-trimethylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione is a natural product found in Garcinia paucinervis and Ardisia cornudentata with data available."]], ["Metocurine iodide", "C[N+]1(CCC2=CC(=C3C=C2[C@@H]1CC4=CC=C(C=C4)OC5=C6[C@@H](CC7=CC(=C(C=C7)OC)O3)[N+](CCC6=CC(=C5OC)OC)(C)C)OC)C.[I-].[I-]", ["Metocurine iodide is an aromatic ether.", "Metocurine iodide is a benzylisoquinolinium competitive nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent. It is used as an anesthesia adjunct to induce skeletal muscle relaxation and to reduce the intensity of muscle contractions in convulsive therapy Metocurine iodide has a moderate risk of inducing histamine release and has some ganglion blocking activity. Metocurine iodide can be used most advantageously if muscle twitch response to peripheral nerve stimulation is monitored to assess degree of muscle relaxation. Metocurine Iodide is no longer available on the US market."]], ["Palladium(II) chloride", "Cl[Pd]Cl", ["Palladium chloride appears as dark brown crystals. (NTP, 1992)", "Palladium(II) chloride is a palladium coordination entity consisting of palladium(II) bound to two chlorine atoms. It has a role as a catalyst.", "Palladium(II) chloride is a chloride of palladium. It is a common starting material in palladium chemistry. Palladium(II) chloride is sometimes used to test for the corrosion-resistance of stainless steel and can be found in carbon monoxide detectors. Palladium is a chemical element with the chemical symbol Pd and an atomic number of 46. It is found as a free metal alloyed with gold and other platinum group metals and in the rare minerals cooperite and polarite. (L794, A30)"]], ["Hypochlorous Acid", "OCl", ["Hypochlorous acid is a chlorine oxoacid with formula HOCl; a weak, unstable acid, it is the active form of chlorine in water. It has a role as a human metabolite, an EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor and an EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor. It is a member of reactive oxygen species and a chlorine oxoacid. It is a conjugate acid of a hypochlorite.", "An oxyacid of chlorine (HClO) containing monovalent chlorine that acts as an oxidizing or reducing agent.", "HClO is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).", "Hypochlorous acid is a natural product found in Homo sapiens with data available.", "An oxyacid of chlorine (HClO) containing monovalent chlorine that acts as an oxidizing or reducing agent."]], ["Magnesium phosphate", "[O-]P(=O)([O-])[O-].[O-]P(=O)([O-])[O-].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2]", ["Magnesium phosphate is a magnesium salt with C-H bonds"]], ["Calcium hydrogen phosphate", "OP(=O)([O-])[O-].[Ca+2]", ["Calcium hydrogenphosphate is a calcium phosphate."]], ["Chlorous acid", "OCl=O", ["Chlorous acid is a chlorine oxoacid. It is a conjugate acid of a chlorite."]], ["Thiosulfuric acid", "OS(=O)(=S)O", ["Sulfurothioic S-acid is a thiosulfuric acid. It has a role as a mouse metabolite. It is a conjugate acid of a hydroxidodioxidosulfidosulfate(1-). It is a tautomer of a sulfurothioic O-acid.", "Thiosulfuric acid is available in its salt forms sodium thiosulfate and sodium thiosulfate pentahydrate. Sodium thiosulfate is part of the World Health Organization\u2019s list of essential medicines, and it has a variety of industrial uses, including food preservative, water de-chlorinator and paper pulp bleaching agent. Sodium thiosulfate is rapidly degraded in the stomach; therefore, it is normally administered through other routes, such as intravenous or topical. Sodium thiosulfate is approved for the treatment of acute cyanide poisoning and it is frequently used in conjunction with sodium nitrite (a salt form of [nitrous acid]). Sodium thiosulfate is also used to reduce the risk of ototoxicity associated with [cisplatin]. When administered 6 hours after cisplatin chemotherapy, Sodium thiosulfate leads to a lower incidence of cisplatin-induced hearing loss among children without affecting its effectiveness.", "Thiosulfuric acid is an Antidote."]], ["Dichromate", "[O-][Cr](=O)(=O)O[Cr](=O)(=O)[O-]", ["Dichromate(2-) is a divalent inorganic anion obtained by removal of both protons from dichromic acid. It is a chromium oxoanion and a divalent inorganic anion. It is a conjugate base of a hydrogen dichromate."]], ["Nitrous Acid", "N(=O)O", ["Nitrous acid is a nitrogen oxoacid. It is a conjugate acid of a nitrite.", "Nitrous acid (as sodium nitrite) is used as part of an intravenous mixture with sodium thiosulfate to treat cyanide poisoning. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, a list of the most important medications needed in a basic health system. There is also research to investigate its applicability towards treatments for heart attacks, brain aneurysms, pulmonary hypertension in infants, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections.", "Nitrous acid is a natural product found in Leonurus sibiricus, Apis cerana, and Homo sapiens with data available.", "Nitrous acid is a weak and monobasic acid known only in solution and in the form of nitrite salts. It is prepared by adding any mineral acid to sodium nitrite and is used in chemical synthesis. Nitrite is a toxic compound known to cause methemoglobinemia. (L1137, L1615)", "Nitrous acid (HNO2). A weak acid that exists only in solution. It can form water-soluble nitrites and stable esters. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)"]], ["Ferric fluoride", "F[Fe](F)F", ["Ferric fluoride is a green crystalline solid. It is slightly soluble in water. The primary hazard is the threat to the environment. Immediate steps should be taken to limit its spread to the environment. It is used in ceramics."]], ["Tellurium hexafluoride", "F[Te](F)(F)(F)(F)F", ["Tellurium hexafluoride is a colorless gas with a repulsive odor. It is very toxic by inhalation and skin absorption. When heated to high temperatures, it may emit toxic fluoride and tellurium fumes. It is heavier than air. Under prolonged exposure to fire or intense heat the containers may violently rupture and rocket. It reacts with water to yield toxic vapors.", "Tellurium hexafluoride is a tellurium coordination entity."]], ["Barium permanganate", "[O-][Mn](=O)(=O)=O.[O-][Mn](=O)(=O)=O.[Ba+2]", ["Barium permanganate appears as a purplish colored crystalline solid. Noncombustible, but accelerates burning of combustible material. Finely divided combustible materials may be explosive. May spontaneously ignite on contact with combustible liquids. Contact with sulfuric acid may result in fires or explosions. Used as a disinfectant and to make other permanganates.", "Barium permanganate is a chemical compound of barium and manganese. Barium is a metallic alkaline earth metal with the symbol Ba, and atomic number 56. It never occurs in nature in its pure form due to its reactivity with air, but combines with other chemicals such as sulfur or carbon and oxygen to form barium compounds that may be found as minerals. Manganese is a naturally occurring metal with the symbol Mn and the atomic number 25. It does not occur naturally in its pure form, but is found in many types of rocks in combination with other substances such as oxygen, sulfur, or chlorine. Manganese occurs naturally in most foods and small amounts are needed to stay healthy, as manganese ions act as cofactors for a number of enzymes. (L228, L229, L214, 408)"]], ["Chromic nitrate", "[N+](=O)([O-])[O-].[N+](=O)([O-])[O-].[N+](=O)([O-])[O-].[Cr+3]", ["Chromium trinitrate is an inorganic nitrate salt consisting of chromium and nitrate in which the ratio of chromium (in the +3 oxidation state) to nitrate is 1:3 It is an inorganic nitrate salt and a chromium coordination entity. It contains a chromium(3+)."]], ["Deuterium Oxide", "[2H]O[2H]", ["Dideuterium oxide is a deuterated compound and a water.", "Deuterium Oxide is a stable, non-radioactive isotopic form of water, containing 2 atoms of deuterium (D) and one atom of oxygen (2D2O), with DNA-labeling activity. Upon ingestion of deuterium oxide, 2H is incorporated into the deoxyribose moiety of DNA of newly divided cells. Rapidly dividing cells, as in the case of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL), can be labeled with deuterium oxide and measured using gas chromatography and/or mass spectrometry.", "The isotopic compound of hydrogen of mass 2 (deuterium) with oxygen. (From Grant and Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) It is used to study mechanisms and rates of chemical or nuclear reactions, as well as biological processes."]], ["Copper(II) bromide", "[Cu](Br)Br", ["Copper(ii) bromide is an odorless black solid. Sinks and mixes with water. (USCG, 1999)", "Copper(II) bromide is a bromide of copper. It is used in photographic processing as an intensifier and as a brominating agent in organic synthesis. Copper is a chemical element with the symbol Cu and atomic number 29. Copper is an essential elements in plants and animals as it is required for the normal functioning of more than 30 enzymes. It occurs naturally throughout the environment in rocks, soil, water, and air. Bromine is a halogen element with the symbol Br and atomic number 35. Diatomic bromine does not occur naturally, but bromine salts can be found in crustal rock. (L625, L277, L278, L297)"]], ["Fluorite", "[F-].[F-].[Ca+2]", ["Fluorite is a mineral with formula of CaF2. The IMA symbol is Flr.", "See also: Calcium Fluoride (preferred)."]], ["Cadmium chloride (CdCl)", "[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cd+2]", ["See also: Cadmium Chloride (preferred)."]], ["Iodine monochloride", "ClI", ["Iodine monochloride appears as black crystals or a reddish brown oily liquid with a pungent odor. Melting point 27 \u00b0C (alpha form) or 14 \u00b0C (beta form). Corrosive to metals and tissue."]], ["Ovral", "CC[C@]12CC[C@H]3[C@H]([C@@H]1CC[C@]2(C#C)O)CCC4=CC(=O)CC[C@H]34.C[C@]12CC[C@H]3[C@H]([C@@H]1CC[C@]2(C#C)O)CCC4=C3C=CC(=C4)O", ["Ethinyl Estradiol/Levonorgestrel is a combination of two steroid sex hormones, an estrogen and a progestin, used for contraceptive purposes.  Estradiol, the endogenous counterpart of ethinyl estradiol (EE), is the principal, most potent estrogen hormone produced by the ovaries and is vital to the maintenance of fertility and secondary sexual characteristics in females.  Levonorgestrel is a synthetic progestogen.  This drug combination prevents or delays ovulation and causes a variety of hormonal changes.  Ethinyl estradiol inhibits the release of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), thus suppressing the development of ovarian follicle; levonorgestrel inhibits the release of luteinizing hormone (LH), thus preventing ovulation.  This combination of agents alters the endometrium in such a way as to discourage implantation. (NCI04)"]], ["7H", "CC(=O)O.C(C(C(C(C(C=O)O)O)O)O)O", ["Carboxymethylcellulose is a cellulose derivative that consists of the cellulose backbone made up of glucopyranose monomers and their hydroxyl groups bound to carboxymethyl groups. It is added in food products as a viscosity modifier or thickener and emulsifier. It is also one of the most common viscous polymers used in artificial tears, and has shown to be effective in the treatment of aqueous tear-deficient dry eye symptoms and ocular surface staining. The viscous and mucoadhesive properties as well as its anionic charge allow prolonged retention time in the ocular surface. Sodium carboxymethylcellulose is the most commonly used salt.", "A cellulose derivative which is a beta-(1,4)-D-glucopyranose polymer. It is used as a bulk laxative and as an emulsifier and thickener in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals and as a stabilizer for reagents."]], ["Chondroitin 4-sulfate", "CC(=O)N[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@H]([C@H](O[C@H]1O)OS(=O)(=O)O)O)O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O2)C(=O)O)O)O)O", ["Chondroitin sulfate is a glycosaminoglycan considered as a symptomatic slow-acting drug for osteoarthritis (SYSADOA). The SYSADOA status suggested a pain relief and increased joint mobility after a relative long regular administration, as well as a long-lasting effect after the end of the treatment. Chondroitin sulfate is composed of alternating 1,3-N-acetyl-\u03b2-d-galactosamine and 1,4-\u03b2-d-glucuronic acid units which bear 4-O- and/or 6-O-sulfations at the N-acetylgalactosamine units disposed of in specific patterns. Depending on the predominating disaccharide unit, it will present different biological activities. Chondroitin sulfate is sold as an OTC dietary supplement in North America and it is a prescription drug under the EMA in Europe.", "Chondroitin sulfate is a natural product found in Cipangopaludina chinensis with data available.", "Derivatives of chondroitin which have a sulfate moiety esterified to the galactosamine moiety of chondroitin. Chondroitin sulfate A, or chondroitin 4-sulfate, and chondroitin sulfate C, or chondroitin 6-sulfate, have the sulfate esterified in the 4- and 6-positions, respectively. Chondroitin sulfate B (beta heparin; DERMATAN SULFATE) is a misnomer and this compound is not a true chondroitin sulfate."]], ["Nobelium", "[No]", ["Nobelium is an actinoid atom and a f-block element atom.", "A man-made radioactive element of the actinide metal series. It has the atomic symbol No, and atomic number 102."]], ["Ferric Sulfate", "[O-]S(=O)(=O)[O-].[O-]S(=O)(=O)[O-].[O-]S(=O)(=O)[O-].[Fe+3].[Fe+3]", ["Ferric sulfate appears as a yellow crystalline solid or a grayish-white powder. The primary hazard is the threat to the environment. Immediate steps should be taken to limit its spread to the environment. It is used for water purification, and as a soil conditioner.", "Iron(3+) sulfate is a compound of iron and sulfate in which the ratio of iron(3+) to sulfate ions is 3:2. It has a role as a catalyst, a mordant and an astringent. It is a metal sulfate and an iron molecular entity. It contains an iron(3+)."]], ["Lead(II) bromide", "Br[Pb]Br", ["Lead bromide is a bromide of lead. Lead is a heavy metal and stable element with the symbol Pb and the atomic number 82, existing in metallic, organic, and inorganic forms. It is mainly found in nature as the mineral galena (PbS), cerussite (PbCO3) or anglesite (PbSO4), usually in ore with zinc, silver, or copper. Bromine is a halogen element with the symbol Br and atomic number 35. Diatomic bromine does not occur naturally, but bromine salts can be found in crustal rock. (L625, L21)"]], ["Magnesium Sulfate Heptahydrate", "O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[O-]S(=O)(=O)[O-].[Mg+2]", ["Magnesium sulfate heptahydrate is a hydrate that is the heptahydrate form of magnesium sulfate. It has a role as a laxative and a cathartic. It is a magnesium salt and a hydrate. It contains a magnesium sulfate.", "Epsomite is a mineral with formula of MgS6+O4\u00b77H2O or Mg(SO4)\u00b77H2O. The IMA symbol is Esm."]], ["Iodine I-131", "[131I][131I]", ["Iodine I-131 is a radioactive isotope of iodine with an atomic mass of 131, a half life of eight days, and potential antineoplastic activity. Selectively accumulating in the thyroid gland, iodine I 131 emits beta and gamma particles, thereby killing thyroid cells and decreasing thyroid hormone production.", "Iodine is a chemical element that has the symbol I and atomic number 53. Chemically, iodine is the second least reactive of the halogens, and the second most electropositive halogen; trailing behind astatine in both of these categories. However, the element does not occur in the free state in nature. As with all other halogens, when freed from its compounds iodine forms diatomic molecules. Iodine naturally occurs in the environment chiefly as a dissolved iodide in seawater, although it is also found in some minerals and soils. Iodine is an essential trace element for life, mainly as constituents of the thyroid hormones, thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). Iodine-131 is used in nuclear medicine both diagnostically and therapeutically. Examples of its use in radiation therapy include the treatment of thyrotoxicosis and thyroid cancer. Diagnostic tests exploit the mechanism of absorption of iodine by the normal cells of the thyroid gland. Iodine-131 is also used as a radioactive label for radiopharmaceuticals that can be used for imaging and therapy. (L1845, L1846)"]], ["Radon", "[Rn]", ["Radon is a naturally occurring radioactive gas that is odorless and tasteless. It is formed from the radioactive decay of uranium. Uranium is found in small amounts in most rocks and soil. It slowly breaks down to other products such as radium, which breaks down to radon. Radon also undergoes radioactive decay. It divides into two parts-one part is called radiation, and the other part is called a daughter. The daughter, like radon, is not stable, and it also divides into radiation and another daughter. The dividing of daughters continues until a stable, nonradioactive daughter is formed. During the decay process, alpha, beta, and gamma radiation are released. Alpha particles can travel only a short distance and cannot travel through your skin. Beta particles can penetrate through your skin, but they cannot go all the way through your body. Gamma radiation can go all the way through your body. Radon is no longer used in the treatment of various diseases including cancer, arthritis, diabetes, and ulcers. Radon is used to predict earthquakes, in the study of atmospheric transport, and in exploration for petroleum and uranium.", "Radon(0) is a monoatomic radon that has an oxidation state of zero.", "Radon is an element with atomic symbol Rn, atomic number 86, and 222.0.", "Radon is the chemical element of symbol Rn and atomic number 86. It is a rare radioactive gas, belonging to the noble gas series, and is formed as part of three radioactive decay chains that begin with uranium or thorium. Thirty-six radioactive isotopes of radon, with mass number from 193 to 228, have been characterized. The most stable isotope is Rn-222 (half-life of 3.8 days); it is generated naturally by the decay of 238U and emits alpha particles. Rn-220 (half-life of 55.6 seconds) is a natural decay product of thorium and also emits alpha radiation. Because of its radioactivity and unreactivity as a chemical element, radon has few uses and is seldom used in academic research. Radon is responsible for the majority of the mean public exposure to ionizing radiations. It is one ingredient of cigarette. (L1075)", "A naturally radioactive element with atomic symbol Rn, and atomic number 86. It is a member of the noble gas family found in soil, and is released during the decay of RADIUM."]], ["Ferric pyrophosphate", "[O-]P(=O)([O-])OP(=O)([O-])[O-].[O-]P(=O)([O-])OP(=O)([O-])[O-].[O-]P(=O)([O-])OP(=O)([O-])[O-].[Fe+3].[Fe+3].[Fe+3].[Fe+3]", ["Ferric pyrophosphate is an iron coordination entity composed from Fe(3+) cations and diphosphate(4-) anions in a 4:3 ratio. It contains a diphosphate(4-).", "Ferric pyrophosphate is an iron replacement product. Free iron presents several side effects as it can catalyze free radical formation and lipid peroxidation as well as the presence of interactions of iron in plasma. The ferric ion is strongly complexed by pyrophosphate. It presents an increasing interest as this insoluble form can be milder in the gastrointestinal tract and present higher bioavailability."]], ["Ferrous arsenate", "[O-][As](=O)([O-])[O-].[O-][As](=O)([O-])[O-].[Fe+2].[Fe+2].[Fe+2]", ["Ferrous arsenate is a green powder. It is insoluble in water. It is toxic by ingestion. It is used in insecticides.", "Ferrous arsenate is a chemical compound of arsenic and iron derived from arsenic acid. Arsenic is a chemical element that has the symbol As and atomic number 33. It is a poisonous metalloid that has many allotropic forms: yellow (molecular non-metallic) and several black and grey forms (metalloids) are a few that are seen. Three metalloidal forms of arsenic with different crystal structures are found free in nature (the minerals arsenopyrite and the much rarer arsenolamprite and pararsenolamprite), but it is more commonly found as a compound with other elements.  (T3)"]], ["Aluminum sodium sulfate", "[O-]S(=O)(=O)[O-].[O-]S(=O)(=O)[O-].[Na+].[Al+3]", ["Sodium aluminum sulphate appears as a colorless crystalline solid. Used in textiles, paper making, water purification, food processing.", "Aluminum sodium sulfate is a sulfate of aluminum and sodium.  Aluminum is the most abundant metal in the earth's crust and is always found combined with other elements such as oxygen, silicon, and fluorine.  (L739, L740)"]], ["Copper;copper(1+);phosphoric acid", "OP(=O)(O)O.[Cu+].[Cu+2]", ["Copper orthophosphate is a chemical compound of copper. Copper is a chemical element with the symbol Cu and atomic number 29. Copper is an essential elements in plants and animals as it is required for the normal functioning of more than 30 enzymes. It occurs naturally throughout the environment in rocks, soil, water, and air. (L277, L278)"]], ["Magnesium arsenate", "[O-][As](=O)([O-])[O-].[O-][As](=O)([O-])[O-].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2]", ["Magnesium arsenate appears as a white crystals or powder when pure. Insoluble in water. Very toxic by inhalation and ingestion. Used as an insecticide.", "Magnesium arsenate is a chemical compound of magnesium and arsenic. It is derived from arsenic acid. Arsenic is a chemical element that has the symbol As and atomic number 33. It is a poisonous metalloid that has many allotropic forms: yellow (molecular non-metallic) and several black and grey forms (metalloids) are a few that are seen. Three metalloidal forms of arsenic with different crystal structures are found free in nature (the minerals arsenopyrite and the much rarer arsenolamprite and pararsenolamprite), but it is more commonly found as a compound with other elements. (T3)"]], ["Calcium permanganate", "[O-][Mn](=O)(=O)=O.[O-][Mn](=O)(=O)=O.[Ca+2]", ["Calcium permanganate is a purple crystalline solid. It is used as a disinfectant and deodorizer, in water purification, and for many other uses.", "Calcium permanganate is a chemical compound of manganese. It is used as an oxidizing agent and is believed to help whiten teeth . Manganese is a naturally occurring metal with the symbol Mn and the atomic number 25. It does not occur naturally in its pure form, but is found in many types of rocks in combination with other substances such as oxygen, sulfur, or chlorine. Manganese occurs naturally in most foods and small amounts are needed to stay healthy, as manganese ions act as cofactors for a number of enzymes. (L228, L229, L241)"]], ["Trenbolone", "C[C@]12C=CC3=C4CCC(=O)C=C4CC[C@H]3[C@@H]1CC[C@@H]2O", ["Trenbolone is a 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid that is estra-4,9,11-triene carrying an oxo group at position 3 and a hydroxy group at position 17beta. It is a synthetic anabolic steroid used for muscle growth in livestock. It has a role as a plant metabolite and an endocrine disruptor. It is a 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid, a 17beta-hydroxy steroid, a C18-steroid and an anabolic androgenic steroid.", "Trenbolone, also known as trienolone or trienbolone, is a steroid used on livestock to increase muscle growth and appetite. To increase its effective half-life, trenbolone is administered as a prodrug as an ester conjugate such as [trenbolone acetate], trenbolone enanthate, or trenbolone cyclohexylmethylcarbonate. Plasma lipases then cleave the ester group in the bloodstream leaving free trenbolone.", "An anabolic steroid used mainly as an anabolic agent in veterinary practice."]], ["Cupric arsenite", "O[As]([O-])[O-].[Cu+2]", ["Copper(II) arsenite is a chemical compound of arsenic and copper derived from arsenous acid. Copper(II) arsenite is also called Scheele's Green. It was used as an insecticide and green pigment in some paints but has fallen out of use due to its toxicity. Copper is a chemical element with the symbol Cu and atomic number 29. Copper is an essential elements in plants and animals as it is required for the normal functioning of more than 30 enzymes. It occurs naturally throughout the environment in rocks, soil, water, and air. Arsenic is a chemical element that has the symbol As and atomic number 33. It is a poisonous metalloid that has many allotropic forms: yellow (molecular non-metallic) and several black and grey forms (metalloids) are a few that are seen. Three metalloidal forms of arsenic with different crystal structures are found free in nature (the minerals arsenopyrite and the much rarer arsenolamprite and pararsenolamprite), but it is more commonly found as a compound with other elements. (T3, L277, L278)"]], ["Chlormerodrin", "COC(CNC(=O)N)C[Hg]Cl", ["Chlormerodrin is urea in which one of the hydrogens is substituted by a 3-chloromercury-2-methoxyprop-1-yl group. It was formerly used as a diuretic, but more potent and less toxic drugs are now available. Its radiolabelled ((197)Hg, (203)Hg) forms were used in diagnostic aids in renal imaging and brain scans. It has a role as a diuretic and a diagnostic agent. It is an organomercury compound and a member of ureas.", "Chlormerodrin is a mercurial compound with toxic side effects that was previously used as a diuretic. The radiolabeled form has been used as a diagnostic and research tool. It is no longer used and has been replaced with new classes of diuretic drugs.", "A mercurial compound that has been used as a diuretic but is now superseded by more potent and less toxic drugs. The radiolabeled form has been used as a diagnostic and research tool."]], ["Trolamine salicylate", "C1=CC=C(C(=C1)C(=O)O)O.C(CO)N(CCO)CCO", ["Trolamine salicylate is an organic compound or a salt formed between triethanolamine and salicylic acid. Triethanolamine neutralizes the acidity of the salicylic acid. It is a topical analgesic used for temporary relief of minor pain associated with arthritis, simple backache, muscle strains, sprains, and bruises. Unlike other topical analgesics, trolamine salicylate has no distinct odor which improves patient acceptability. It also displays low systemic absorption upon dermal or topical administration and has low skin irritant properties. As with other salicylates, trolamine salicylate is an inhibitor of cyclo-oxygenase (COX) enzymes with no reported selectivity towards a specific enzyme isoform. Trolamine salicylate serves as an active ingredient in topical over-the-counter products for temporary management of mild to moderate muscular and joint pains."]], ["Tetrazepam", "CN1C(=O)CN=C(C2=C1C=CC(=C2)Cl)C3=CCCCC3", ["Tetrazepam is a benzodiazepine.", "Allergic reactions can develop to tetrazepam and it is considered to be a potential allergen. Drug rash and drug-induced eosinophilia with systemic symptoms is a known complication of tetrazepam exposure. These hypersensitive allergic reactions can be of the delayed type. Drowsiness is a common side effect of tetrazepam. A reduction in muscle force can occur. Myasthenia gravis, a condition characterised by severe muscle weakness is another potential adverse effect from tetrazepam. Cardiovascular and respiratory adverse effects can occur with tetrazepam similar to other benzodiazepines. Prolonged use, as with all benzodiazepines, should be avoided, as tolerance occurs and there is a risk of benzodiazepine dependence and a benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome after stopping or reducing dosage. Tetrazepam (is marketed under the following brand names, Clinoxan, Epsipam, Myolastan, Musaril, Relaxam and Spasmorelax) is a benzodiazepine derivative with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, hypnotic and muscle relaxant properties. It is used mainly in Austria, France, Belgium, Germany and Spain to treat muscle spasm, anxiety disorders such as panic attacks, or more rarely to treat depression, premenstrual syndrome or agoraphobia. Tetrazepam has relatively little sedative effect at low doses while still producing useful muscle relaxation and anxiety relief. Tetrazepam is an unusual benzodiazepine in its molecular structure as it has cyclohexenyl group which has substituted the typical 5-phenyl moiety seen in other benzodiazepines. Tetrazepam, is rapidly absorbed after oral administration, within 45 mins and reaches peak plasma levels in less than 2 hours. It is classed as an intermediate acting benzodiazepine with an elimination half-life of approximately 15 hours. It is primarily metabolised to the inactive metabolites 3-hydroxy-tetrazepam and norhydroxytetrazepam. The pharmacological effects of tetrazepam are significantly less potent when compared against diazepam, in animal studies. Tetrazepam is a benzodiazepine site agonist and binds unselectively to type 1 and type 2 benzodiazepine site types as well as to peripheral benzodiazepine receptors. The muscle relaxant properties of tetrazepam are most likely due to a reduction of calcium influx. Small amounts of diazepam as well as the active metabolites of diazepam are produced from metabolism of tetrazepam. The metabolism of tetrazepam has led to false accusations of prisoners prescribed tetrazepam of taking illicit diazepam; this can lead to increased prison sentences for prisoners. Tetrazepam, like other benzodiazepines is a drug which is very frequently used in overdoses. These overdoses are often mixed overdoses, i.e. a mixture of other benzodiazepines or other drug classes with tetrazepam."]], ["Clortermine", "CC(C)(CC1=CC=CC=C1Cl)N", ["Clortermine is a member of amphetamines."]], ["Melitracen", "CC1(C2=CC=CC=C2C(=CCCN(C)C)C3=CC=CC=C31)C", ["Melitracen is a member of anthracenes."]], ["Clodronic Acid", "C(P(=O)(O)O)(P(=O)(O)O)(Cl)Cl", ["Clodronic acid is an organochlorine compound that is methylene chloride in which both hydrogens are replaced by phosphonic acid groups. It inhibits bone resorption and soft tissue calcification, and is used (often as the disodium salt tetrahydrate) as an adjunct in the treatment of severe hypercalcaemia associated with malignancy, and in the management of osteolytic lesions and bone pain associated with skeletal metastases. It has a role as a bone density conservation agent and an antineoplastic agent. It is an organochlorine compound, a one-carbon compound and a 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid). It is a conjugate acid of a clondronate(2-).", "Clodronic acid is a first generation bisphosphonate similar to [etidronic acid] and [tiludronic acid]. These drugs were developed to mimic the action of pyrophosphate, a regulator of calcification and decalcification. clodronate\u2019s use has decreased over the years in favor of the third generation, nitrogen containing bisphosphonate [zoledronic acid], [ibandronic acid], [minodronic acid], and [risedronic acid].  Clodronic acid is not FDA approved, but is approved in Canada.", "Clodronic Acid is a first-generation bisphosphonate with anti-resorptive and anti-hypercalcemic activities. Clodronic acid adsorbs onto the surface of the hydroxyapatite crystals in bone matrix. Although the exact mechanism through which clodronic acid exerts its cytotoxic effect on osteoclasts has yet to be fully elucidated, this agent is metabolized intracellularly to a toxic beta-gamma-methylene analog of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), AppCCl2p. The ATP analog AppCCl2p competitively inhibits ADP/ATP translocase, thereby interfering with mitochondrial membrane potential and cellular energy metabolism. This may cause osteoclast apoptosis and, eventually, inhibiting osteoclast-mediated bone resorption.", "Clodronate is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a diphosphonate which affects calcium metabolism. It inhibits bone resorption and soft tissue calcification. [PubChem]The bisphosphonate group binds strongly to the bone mineral, hydroxyapatite. This explains the specific pharmacological action of these compounds on mineralized tissues, especially bone. The exact mechanism of action of clodronate is not known, however it is known that it does not inhibit protein isoprenylation but can be metabolized intracellularly to a &beta;-&gamma;-methylene (AppCp-type) analog of ATP (AppCCl2p), which is cytotoxic to macrophages in vitro. Inhibition of the ADP/ATP translocase by the metabolite AppCCl2p is a likely route by which clodronate causes osteoclast apoptosis and inhibits bone resorption. Recently, the slime mold <i>Dictyostelium discoideum</i> was shown to take up bisphosphonates by pinocytosis. In these cells, clodronate, but not other pharmacologically active bisphosphonates, was incorporated into adenine nucleotides, which could potentially explain why this bisphosphonate sometimes seems to act differently than the other bisphosphonates. Clodronate, like all biphosphonates, also binds protein-tyrosine-phosphatase.", "A diphosphonate which affects calcium metabolism. It inhibits bone resorption and soft tissue calcification."]], ["2,3,4,5-Tetrachloro-6-(3-hydroxy-2,4,5,7-tetraiodo-6-oxo-xanthen-9-yl)benzoic acid", "C1=C2C(=C3C=C(C(=O)C(=C3OC2=C(C(=C1I)O)I)I)I)C4=C(C(=C(C(=C4Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)C(=O)O", ["Rose bengal free acid is a xanthene dye that is fluorescein bearing bromine substituents at positions 2', 4', 5' and 7' (on the xanthene ring) and iodine substituents at position 2, 3, 4, and 5 (on the phenyl ring). The dipotassium salt is the biological stain 'rose bengal'. It has a role as a fluorochrome. It is a member of benzoic acids, a tetrachlorobenzene, a xanthene dye, a member of phenols and an organoiodine compound. It is functionally related to a fluorescin. It is a conjugate acid of a rose bengal(2-).", "Rose bengal is a pink stain derived as an analogue of fluorescein. Its disodium salt in ophthalmic solutions has been used as a diagnostic agent in suspected damage to conjunctival and corneal cells. It is also used in laboratory settings, including the preparation of Foraminifera for microscopic analysis and suppression of bacterial growth in several microbiological media. A direct cytotoxic effect of Rose bengal on microorganisms and cancer cells has been observed, questioning its potential antitumor actions via intralesional injections. The clinical applications of rose bengal as injectable formulation under the name PV-10 in melanoma, breast cancer and skin conditions such as eczema and psoriasis are being investigated in clinical trials."]], ["Pentetate calcium trisodium", "C(CN(CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])N(CCN(CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Ca+2]", ["Pentetate Calcium Trisodium is the trisodium salt form of calcium diethylene triamine pentaacetate (Ca-DTPA or pentetate calcium) with chelating activity. Upon administration, Ca-DTPA loses the Ca ion to form stable chelates with metal ions because DTPA has a higher affinity for heavy metal ions than for Ca ions. Specifically, this agent is able to bind to and form strong complexes with radioactive plutonium, americium, and cerium after internal contamination with any of these radionuclides thereby increasing their excretion.", "An iron chelating agent with properties like EDETIC ACID. DTPA has also been used as a chelator for other metals, such as plutonium."]], ["Reproterol", "CN1C2=C(C(=O)N(C1=O)C)N(C=N2)CCCNCC(C3=CC(=CC(=C3)O)O)O", ["Reproterol is an oxopurine.", "Reproterol has been used in trials studying the treatment of Asthma, Exercise-Induced."]], ["Captamine", "CN(C)CCS", ["This is a chemical weapon precursor or chemical weapon impurity which is similar to 2-diethylaminoethanol. See the chemical datasheet for 2-diethylaminoethanol for more information."]], ["Dichloroacetate", "C(C(=O)[O-])(Cl)Cl", ["Dichloroacetate is a monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of dichloroacetic acid. It has a role as a geroprotector. It is functionally related to an acetate. It is a conjugate base of a dichloroacetic acid."]], ["Ammonium nitrite", "[NH4+].N(=O)[O-]", ["Ammonium nitrite is a chemical compound of ammonium and nitrite ions. It is used as a rodenticide, microbiocide and agricultural pesticide, and is acutely toxic to both humans and aquatic organisms. Nitrite is a toxic compound known to cause methemoglobinemia. (L1137, L1614)"]], ["Aceprometazine", "CC(CN1C2=CC=CC=C2SC3=C1C=C(C=C3)C(=O)C)N(C)C", ["Aceprometazine is a phenothiazine compound having an acetyl group at the 2-position and a 2-(dimethylamino)-1-propyl group at the 10-position. It has a role as an anxiolytic drug, a sedative and a histamine antagonist. It is a member of phenothiazines, a tertiary amine, a methyl ketone and an aromatic ketone.", "Aceprometazine is a is a drug with neuroleptic and anti-histamine properties. Although not widely prescribed, it is used in combination with meprobamate for the treatment of sleep disorders in France under the trade name Mepronizine."]], ["Nickel carbonyl [hsdb]", "[C-]#[O+].[C-]#[O+].[C-]#[O+].[C-]#[O+].[Ni]", ["Nickel Carbonyl is a colorless, volatile and highly flammable, liquid inorganic compound with a characteristic, musty odor that emits toxic carbon monoxide fumes upon heating. Nickel carbonyl is primarily used for nickel coatings and to manufacture high-purity nickel powder. Exposure to this substance can cause severe dermatitis, skin and asthma-like allergies and affects the lungs, kidneys, gastrointestinal tract and neurological system. Nickel carbonyl is a known carcinogen and is associated with an increased risk of developing lung and nasal cancers. (NCI05)", "Nickel tetracarbonyl Ni(CO)4 is an organometallic compound of nickel. Its volatility at room temperature and toxicity have earned the compound the nickname liquid death. This pale-yellow liquid is the principal carbonyl of nickel. It is an intermediate in the Mond process for the purification of nickel and a reagent in organometallic chemistry. Nickel carbonyl is one of the most toxic substances encountered in industrial processes.Nickel is a chemical compound with the atomic number 28. It is found abundantly in nature in laterite ore minerals, such as limonite, garnierite, and pentlandite. Nickel has a biological role and is found in certain enzymes, including urease, hydrogenase, methylcoenzyme M reductase, and carbon monoxide dehydrogenase. (L40, L41, L508)"]], ["Zinc pyrithione", "C1=CC=[N+](C(=C1)[S-])[O-].C1=CC=[N+](C(=C1)[S-])[O-].[Zn+2]", ["Zinc pyrithione is a fine beige granules. (NTP, 1992)", "Zinc pyrithione is a chemical compound of zinc. It is used as an antifungal and antibacterial agent. Zinc is a metallic element with the atomic number 30. It is found in nature most often as the mineral sphalerite. Though excess zinc in harmful, in smaller amounts it is an essential element for life, as it is a cofactor for over 300 enzymes and is found in just as many transcription factors. (L48, L49, L76)"]], ["Aluminium nitrate", "[N+](=O)([O-])[O-].[N+](=O)([O-])[O-].[N+](=O)([O-])[O-].[Al+3]", ["Aluminum nitrate appears as a white, crystalline solid. Noncombustible but can accelerate the burning of combustible materials. If large quantities are involved or the combustible material is finely divided, an explosion may result. Prolonged exposure to fire or heat may result in an explosion. Fires that involve this material, produce oxides of nitrogen. Uses include, petroleum refining, dyeing, and leather tanning.", "Aluminium nitrate is a chemical compound of aluminum.  It is used in tanning leather, antiperspirants, corrosion inhibitors, extraction of uranium, petroleum refining, and as a nitrating agent. Aluminum is the most abundant metal in the earth's crust and is always found combined with other elements such as oxygen, silicon, and fluorine.  Nitrite is a toxic compound known to cause methemoglobinemia. (L1137, L739, L740, L765)"]], ["trans-2-Phenylcyclopropylamine", "C1[C@@H]([C@H]1N)C2=CC=CC=C2", ["(1S,2R)-tranylcypromine is a 2-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine that is the (1S,2R)-enantiomer of tranylcypromine. It is a conjugate base of a (1S,2R)-tranylcypromine(1+). It is an enantiomer of a (1R,2S)-tranylcypromine.", "Tranylcypromine is a nonhydrazine monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAO inhibitor) used in therapy of severe depression. Tranylcypromine therapy is associated with rare instances of clinically apparent acute liver injury.", "A propylamine formed from the cyclization of the side chain of amphetamine. This monoamine oxidase inhibitor is effective in the treatment of major depression, dysthymic disorder, and atypical depression. It also is useful in panic and phobic disorders. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p311)"]], ["Azapropazone", "CCCC1C(=O)N2C3=C(C=CC(=C3)C)N=C(N2C1=O)N(C)C", ["Apazone is a member of the class of benzotriazines that is 1,2-dihydro-1,2,4-benzotriazine bearing a dimethylamino substitutent at position 3 and a methyl substituent at position 7 and in which the nitrogens at positions 1 and 2 are both acylated by a carboxy group of propylmalonic acid. It has a role as a uricosuric drug and a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. It derives from a hydride of a 1,2,4-benzotriazine.", "An anti-inflammatory agent used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. It also has uricosuric properties and has been used to treat gout."]], ["Misonidazole", "COCC(CN1C=CN=C1[N+](=O)[O-])O", ["Misonidazole is under investigation in clinical trial NCT00038038 (Assessment of Head and Neck Tumor Hypoxia Using 18F-Fluoromisonidazole).", "Misonidazole is a nitroimidazole with radiosensitizing and antineoplastic properties. Exhibiting high electron affinity, misonidazole induces the formation of free radicals and depletes radioprotective thiols, thereby sensitizing hypoxic cells to the cytotoxic effects of ionizing radiation. This single-strand breaks in DNA induced by this agent result in the inhibition of DNA synthesis. (NCI04)", "A nitroimidazole that sensitizes normally radio-resistant hypoxic cells to radiation. It may also be directly cytotoxic to hypoxic cells and has been proposed as an antineoplastic."]], ["5-Methoxy-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine", "CC(CC1=CC2=C(C(=C1)OC)OCO2)N", ["MMDA, or 3-methoxy-4,5-methylenedioxyamphetamine, is a member of the amphetamine drug class with stimulant and psychedelic properties. It also acts as an entheogen and an entactogen. MMDA bears resemblance to the psychopharmacologically active essential oils elemicin and myristicin found in nutmeg. The effects of MMDA includes feelings of euphoria and warmth, as well as realistic closed-eye visuals."]], ["Dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine, DL-", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCC", ["Dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine is a phosphatidylcholine where the phosphatidyl acyl groups are specified as tetradecanoyl (myristoyl).", "A synthetic phospholipid used in liposomes and lipid bilayers for the study of biological membranes. It is used in commercial drug preparations to solubilize drugs for injection", "A synthetic phospholipid used in liposomes and lipid bilayers for the study of biological membranes."]], ["Propiram", "CCC(=O)N(C1=CC=CC=N1)C(C)CN2CCCCC2", ["Propiram is a member of pyridines."]], ["Red prussiate", "[C-]#N.[C-]#N.[C-]#N.[C-]#N.[C-]#N.[C-]#N.[K+].[K+].[K+].[Fe+3]", ["Potassium hexacyanoferrate(3-) is a potassium salt and a hexacyanoferrate(3-) salt.", "Potassium ferricyanide is a coordination compound of potassium, iron, and cyanide. It is used to produce the pigment Prussian blue, in blueprint drawing, in photography, to temper iron and steel, in electroplating, for dyeing wool, and as a common laboratory reagent. (L103)"]], ["Tetrafluoroborate", "[B-](F)(F)(F)F", ["Tetrafluoroborate(1-) is a boron fluoride. It is a conjugate base of a tetrafluoroboric acid. It derives from a hydride of a borohydride.", "Tetrafluoroborate is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02907073 (Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Imaging Studies With NIS Reporter)."]], ["ZINC dichromate", "[O-][Cr](=O)(=O)O[Cr](=O)(=O)[O-].[Zn+2]", ["Zinc dichromate appears as solid orange-yellow crystal or powder. (USCG, 1999)", "Zinc dichromate is a chemical compound of zinc and hexavalent chromium. Zinc is a metallic element with the atomic number 30. It is found in nature most often as the mineral sphalerite. Though excess zinc in harmful, in smaller amounts it is an essential element for life, as it is a cofactor for over 300 enzymes and is found in just as many transcription factors. Hexavalent chromium refers to chemical compounds that contain the element chromium in the +6 oxidation state. Chromium(VI) is more toxic than other oxidation states of the chromium atom because of its greater ability to enter cells and higher redox potential. (L16, L48, L49)"]], ["Technetium Tc-99m", "[99Tc]", ["Technetium-99 is a technetium atom.", "Technetium-99m is the metastable isotope of technetium. It is commonly symbolized as 99mTc and used in the area of medical diagnosis. Technetium-99m is the most commonly used medical radioisotope.", "Technetium TC-99m is one of the radioactive isotopes of technetium, a gamma/beta-emitter with a half life of 6 hours."]], ["Xipamide", "CC1=C(C(=CC=C1)C)NC(=O)C2=CC(=C(C=C2O)Cl)S(=O)(=O)N", ["Xipamide is a member of benzamides.", "Xipamide is a sulfonamide-based diuretic. Xipamide acts on the distal convoluted tubules. In addition, this agent has a weak inhibitory effect on carbonic anyydrase (CA).", "A sulfamoylbenzamide analog of CLOPAMIDE. It is diuretic and saluretic with antihypertensive activity. It is bound to PLASMA PROTEINS, thus has a delayed onset and prolonged action."]], ["Mercuric cation", "[Hg+2]", ["Mercury(2+) is a divalent metal cation, a mercury cation and a monoatomic dication. It has a role as an Escherichia coli metabolite.", "Mercuric cation is a natural product found in Euglena gracilis with data available.", "Mercury is a metal that is a liquid at room temperature. Mercury has a long and interesting history deriving from its use in medicine and industry, with the resultant toxicity produced. In high enough doses, all forms of mercury can produce toxicity. The most devastating tragedies related to mercury toxicity in recent history include Minamata Bay and Niagata, Japan in the 1950s, and Iraq in the 1970s. More recent mercury toxicity issues include the extreme toxicity of the dimethylmercury compound noted in 1998, the possible toxicity related to dental amalgams, and the disproved relationship between vaccines and autism related to the presence of the mercury-containing preservative, thimerosal. Hair has been used in many studies as a bioindicator of mercury exposure for human populations. At the time of hair formation, mercury from the blood capillaries penetrates into the hair follicles. As hair grows approximately 1 cm each month, mercury exposure over time is recapitulated in hair strands. Mercury levels in hair closest to the scalp reflect the most recent exposure, while those farthest from the scalp are representative of previous blood concentrations. Sequential analyses of hair mercury have been useful for identifying seasonal variations over time in hair mercury content, which may be the result of seasonal differences in bioavailability of fish and differential consumption of piscivorous and herbivorous fish species. Knowledge of the relation between fish-eating practices and hair mercury levels is particularly important for adequate mitigation strategies. Physiologically, it exists as an ion in the body. Methyl mercury is well absorbed, and because the biological half-life is long, the body burden in humans may reach high levels. People who frequently eat contaminated seafood can acquire mercury concentrations that are potentially dangerous to the fetus in pregnant women. The dose-response relationships have been extensively studied, and the safe levels of exposure have tended to decline. Individual methyl mercury exposure is usually determined by analysis of mercury in blood and hair. Whilst the clinical features of acute mercury poisoning have been well described, chronic low dose exposure to mercury remains poorly characterised and its potential role in various chronic disease states remains controversial. Low molecular weight thiols, i.e. sulfhydryl containing molecules such as cysteine, are emerging as important factors in the transport and distribution of mercury throughout the body due to the phenomenon of Molecular Mimicry and its role in the molecular transport of mercury. Chelation agents such as the dithiols sodium 2,3-dimercaptopropanesulfate (DMPS) and meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) are the treatments of choice for mercury toxicity. Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA), a disulfide, and its metabolite dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA), a dithiol, have also been shown to have chelation properties when used in an appropriate manner. Whilst N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) and glutathione (GSH) have been recommended in the treatment of mercury toxicity in the past, an examination of available evidence suggests these agents may in fact be counterproductive. Zinc and selenium have also been shown to exert protective effects against mercury toxicity, most likely mediated by induction of the metal binding proteins metallothionein and selenoprotein-P. Evidence suggests however that the co-administration of selenium and dithiol chelation agents during treatment may also be counter-productive. Finally, the issue of diagnostic testing for chronic, historical or low dose mercury poisoning is considered including an analysis of the influence of ligand interactions and nutritional factors upon the accuracy of chelation challenge tests. (A7, A7667, A7668)."]], ["CID 26721", "CCCC(C)(C1C[C@@]23C=CC1(C4[C@@]25CCN([C@@H]3CC6=C5C(=C(C=C6)O)O4)C)OC)O", ["A narcotic analgesic morphinan used as a sedative in veterinary practice. In certain countries, etorphine is classified as a Schedule 1 drug and hence, in these countries, it can be used legally only by health professionals and for research purposes. Etorphine is only available to the patients under an official prescription. In the US, Etorphine is listed as a Schedule I drug, although Etorphine hydrochloride is classified as Schedule II.", "A narcotic analgesic morphinan used as a sedative in veterinary practice."]], ["Phosphorus-32", "[32PH3]", ["Phosphorus-32 atom is the radioactive isotope of phosphorus with relative atomic mass 31.973907 and half-life of 14.26 days.", "Phosphorus P-32 is a radioactive isotope of phosphorus with beta particle-emitting radiocytotoxic activity. Emitted by phosphorus P32, beta particles directly damage cellular DNA and, by ionizing intracellular water to produce several types of cytotoxic free radicals and superoxides, indirectly damage intracellular biological macromolecules, resulting in tumor cell death."]], ["Levamisole", "C1CSC2=N[C@H](CN21)C3=CC=CC=C3", ["Levamisole is a 6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole that has S configuration. It is used (generally as the monohydrochloride salt) to treat parasitic worm infections in pigs, sheep and cattle and was formerly used in humans as an adjuvant to chemotherapy for the treatment of various cancers. It is also widely used as an adulterant to coccaine. It has a role as an antinematodal drug, an antirheumatic drug, an immunomodulator, an immunological adjuvant and an EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor. It is an enantiomer of a dexamisole.", "Levamisole is an antihelminthic drug that was commonly used for the treatment of parasitic, viral, and bacterial infections. It was manufactured by Janssen and first used in 1969 as an agent to treat worm infestations Levamisole was approved by the FDA in 1990 as an adjuvant treatment for colon cancer. Prior to this, levamisole was used as an antirheumatic therapy in the 1970s and 1980s for patients with rheumatoid arthritis.   Because of its immunomodulatory effects, this drug has been studied in the treatment of various immune-mediated diseases, with some studies showing positive results. This drug has also been used in combination with other drugs for the treatment of various cancers.   Levamisole was withdrawn from the American market in 2000 due to its ability to cause serious adverse effects, including agranulocytosis. Interestingly, levamisole has been found as an adulterant in cocaine and can lead to a variety of adverse effects in individuals using this drug.", "Levamisole is an anthelmintic drug. Co-administered with fluorouracil in the treatment of Dukes' stage C colon cancer, levamisole restores immune function through stimulating antibody formation, enhancing T-cell activity, and potentiating macrophage function. (NCI04)", "An antihelminthic drug that has been tried experimentally in rheumatic disorders where it apparently restores the immune response by increasing macrophage chemotaxis and T-lymphocyte function. Paradoxically, this immune enhancement appears to be beneficial in rheumatoid arthritis where dermatitis, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia, and nausea and vomiting have been reported as side effects. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p435-6)"]], ["Protoheme", "CC1=C(C2=CC3=C(C(=C([N-]3)C=C4C(=C(C(=N4)C=C5C(=C(C(=N5)C=C1[N-]2)C)C=C)C)C=C)C)CCC(=O)O)CCC(=O)O.[Fe+2]", ["Heme is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).", "Heme is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.", "Protoheme IX is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.", "The color-furnishing portion of hemoglobin. It is found free in tissues and as the prosthetic group in many hemeproteins."]], ["Clemastine", "C[C@@](C1=CC=CC=C1)(C2=CC=C(C=C2)Cl)OCC[C@H]3CCCN3C", ["Clemastine is 2-[(2R)-1-Methylpyrrolidin-2-yl]ethanol in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group is substituted by a 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-phenylethyl group (R configuration). An antihistamine with antimuscarinic and moderate sedative properties, it is used as its fumarate salt for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions such as rhinitis, urticaria, conjunctivitis and in pruritic (severe itching) skin conditions. It has a role as a H1-receptor antagonist, an anti-allergic agent, a muscarinic antagonist and an antipruritic drug. It is a N-alkylpyrrolidine and a member of monochlorobenzenes.", "An ethanolamine-derivative, first generation histamine H1 antagonist used in hay fever, rhinitis, allergic skin conditions, and pruritus. It causes drowsiness.", "Clemastine is a first generation antihistamine that is used for symptoms of allergic rhinitis and the common cold. Clemastine has not been linked to instances of clinically apparent acute liver injury.", "A histamine H1 antagonist used as the hydrogen fumarate in hay fever, rhinitis, allergic skin conditions, and pruritus. It causes drowsiness."]], ["Cupric ion", "[Cu+2]", ["Copper(2+) is an ion of copper carrying a double positive charge. It has a role as a cofactor. It is a divalent metal cation, a copper cation and a monoatomic dication.", "Copper(2+) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["Thiamphenicol", "CS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(C=C1)[C@H]([C@@H](CO)NC(=O)C(Cl)Cl)O", ["Thiamphenicol is a sulfone and a monocarboxylic acid amide. It has a role as an immunosuppressive agent and an antimicrobial agent.", "A methylsulfonyl analog of CHLORAMPHENICOL. It is an antibiotic and immunosuppressive agent."]], ["Mercury iodide (Hg2I2)", "I[Hg].I[Hg]", ["Mercury(I) iodide is an iodide of mercury. Mercury is a heavy, silvery d-block metal and one of six elements that are liquid at or near room temperature and pressure. It is a naturally occuring substance, and combines with other elements such as chlorine, sulfur, or oxygen to form inorganic mercury compounds (salts). Mercury also combines with carbon to make organic mercury compounds. (L1)"]], ["Ferrous ion", "[Fe+2]", ["Iron(2+) is a divalent metal cation, an iron cation and a monoatomic dication. It has a role as a human metabolite, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, a mouse metabolite and a cofactor.", "Fe2+ is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).", "Ferrous ion is a natural product found in Homo sapiens with data available.", "Iron(2+) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["Oxidronic acid", "C(O)(P(=O)(O)O)P(=O)(O)O", ["Oxidronic acid is a 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid)."]], ["Triethylphosphine", "CCP(CC)CC", ["Triethylphosphine is a tertiary phosphine.", "Triethylphosphine is a natural product found in Liriope muscari with data available."]], ["2,5-Dimethoxy-4-ethylamphetamine", "CCC1=CC(=C(C=C1OC)CC(C)N)OC", ["2,5-Dimethoxy-4-ethylamphetamine is a member of amphetamines."]], ["Cephalexin", "CC1=C(N2[C@@H]([C@@H](C2=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](C3=CC=CC=C3)N)SC1)C(=O)O", ["Cephalexin is a semisynthetic first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having methyl and beta-(2R)-2-amino-2-phenylacetamido groups at the 3- and 7- of the cephem skeleton, respectively. It is effective against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive organisms, and is used for treatment of infections of the skin, respiratory tract and urinary tract. It has a role as an antibacterial drug. It is a cephalosporin, a semisynthetic derivative and a beta-lactam antibiotic allergen. It is a conjugate acid of a cephalexin(1-).", "Cephalexin is the first of the first generation cephalosporins. This antibiotic contains a  beta lactam and a dihydrothiazide. Cephalexin is used to treat a number of susceptible bacterial infections through inhibition of cell wall synthesis. Cephalexin was approved by the FDA on 4 January 1971.", "Cephalexin anhydrous is a Cephalosporin Antibacterial.", "Cephalexin Anhydrous is the anhydrous form of cephalexin, a semisynthetic first-generation cephalosporin with antibacterial activity. Cephalexin binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall. PBPs are enzymes involved in the terminal stages of assembling the bacterial cell wall and in reshaping the cell wall during growth and division. Inactivation of PBPs interferes with the cross-linkage of peptidoglycan chains necessary for bacterial cell wall strength and rigidity. This results in the weakening of the bacterial cell wall and causes cell lysis.", "A semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic with antimicrobial activity similar to that of CEPHALORIDINE or CEPHALOTHIN, but somewhat less potent. It is effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms."]], ["Imolamine", "CCN(CC)CCN1C(=NOC1=N)C2=CC=CC=C2", ["Imolamine is a ring assembly and an oxadiazole.", "Imolamine is a compound with a molecular weight of 260.33 g/mol with the formula diethyl[2-{5-imino-3-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1,2,3-oxadiazol,-4-yl)ethyl]amine. It is developed under the brand name Coremax by Novartis consumer health SA."]], ["Iocetamic acid", "CC(CN(C1=C(C=C(C(=C1I)N)I)I)C(=O)C)C(=O)O", ["3-(N-acetyl-3-amino-2,4,6-triiodoanilino)-2-methylpropanoic acid is an aromatic amide.", "Iocetamic acid is a diagnostic aid (radiopaque medium)"]], ["Chromium(III)", "[Cr+3]", ["Chromium(3+) is a monoatomic trication and a chromium cation."]], ["Manganese(2+)", "[Mn+2]", ["Manganese(2+) is a divalent metal cation in which the metal is manganese. It has a role as a cofactor. It is a divalent metal cation, a manganese cation and a monoatomic dication.", "Manganese is a transition metal with a molar mass of 54.94g/mol. Manganese is considered critical for human health, and plays important roles in development, metabolism, and the antioxidant system. That said, excessive manganese intake is associated with manganism, a neurodegenerative disorder that causes dopaminergic neuronal death and parkinsonian-like symptoms.", "Manganese cation (2+) is a Paramagnetic Contrast Agent. The mechanism of action of manganese cation (2+) is as a Magnetic Resonance Contrast Activity.", "Manganese is an essential trace nutrient in all forms of life. Physiologically, it. exists as an ion in the body. It is concentrated in cell mitochondria, mostly in the pituitary gland, liver, pancreas, kidney, and bone, influences the synthesis of mucopolysaccharides, stimulates hepatic synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids, and is a cofactor in many enzymes, including arginase and alkaline phosphatase in the liver.", "Manganese is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["[(2S,3S,4R,6S)-6-[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-6-[[(4R,5S,6S,7R,9R,10R,16R)-4-acetyloxy-10-hydroxy-5-methoxy-9,16-dimethyl-2-oxo-7-(2-oxoethyl)-1-oxacyclohexadeca-11,13-dien-6-yl]oxy]-4-(dimethylamino)-5-hydroxy-2-methyloxan-3-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-2,4-dimethyloxan-3-yl] 3-methylbutanoate", "C[C@@H]1CC=CC=C[C@@H]([C@@H](C[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](CC(=O)O1)OC(=O)C)OC)O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O2)C)O[C@H]3C[C@@]([C@H]([C@@H](O3)C)OC(=O)CC(C)C)(C)O)N(C)C)O)CC=O)C)O", ["A macrolide antibiotic from Streptomyces narbonensis. The drug has antimicrobial activity against a wide spectrum of pathogens."]], ["Fluoride Ion", "[F-]", ["Fluoride is a halide anion and a monoatomic fluorine. It is a conjugate base of a hydrogen fluoride.", "Having a chemical formula of F\u2212, fluoride ion is the simplest inorganic, monatomic anion of fluorine with basic properties. It is considered a trace element. Fluoride ions are found in various minerals but are only present in trace amounts in water. Its various salt forms and minerals play numerous roles as chemical reagents, industrial chemicals, and commercial products. It also plays an essential physiological role, such as enhancing the resistance profile and strength of the surface tooth enamel.", "Fluoride Ion is considered a trace element, fluoride is any combination of elements containing the fluorine atom in the -1 oxidation state (fluoride ion).  Due to its reactivity, fluorine is found in nature as fluorine compounds or fluorides.  Fluoride inhibits various enzyme systems, erythrocyte glycolysis and binds Ca++, causing anticoagulation and other toxic effects.  In addition, fluoride is a mitogen for osteoblasts and stimulates bone formation. (NCI)", "Fluorine (Latin: fluere, meaning to flow), is the chemical element with the symbol F and atomic number 9. It is a nonmetallic, diatomic gas that is a trace element and member of the halogen family. Pure fluorine (F2) is a corrosive, poisonous, pale yellowish brown gas that is a powerful oxidizing agent. It is the most reactive and electronegative of all the elements (4.0), and readily forms compounds with most other elements. Fluorine even combines with the noble gases, krypton, xenon, and radon. Even in dark, cool conditions, fluorine reacts explosively with hydrogen. It is so reactive that glass, metals, and even water, as well as other substances, burn with a bright flame in a jet of fluorine gas. It is far too reactive to be found in elemental form and has such an affinity for most elements, including silicon, that it can neither be prepared nor be kept in ordinary glass vessels. Instead, it must be kept in specialized quartz tubes lined with a very thin layer of fluorocarbons. In moist air it reacts with water to form also-dangerous hydrofluoric acid. Elemental fluorine is a powerful oxidizer which can cause organic material, combustibles, or other flammable materials to ignite. Both elemental fluorine and fluoride ions are highly toxic and must be handled with great care and any contact with skin and eyes should be strictly avoided. Physiologically, fluorine. exists as an ion in the body. When it is a free element, fluorine has a characteristic pungent odor that is detectable in concentrations as low as 20 nL/L. Fluorine is used in dentistry as flouride (Fluorides) to prevent dental caries. Sodium and stannous salts of fluorine are commonly used in dentifrices. Contact of exposed skin with HF (hydrofluoric acid) solutions posses one of the most extreme and insidious industrial threats-- one which is exacerbated by the fact that HF damages nerves in such a way as to make such burns initially painless. The HF molecule is capable of rapidly migrating through lipid layers of cells which would ordinarily stop an ionized acid, and the burns are typically deep. HF may react with calcium, permanently damaging the bone. More seriously, reaction with the body's calcium can cause cardiac arrhythmias, followed by cardiac arrest brought on by sudden chemical changes within the body. These cannot always be prevented with local or intravenous injection of calcium salts. HF spills over just 2.5% of the body's surface area, despite copious immediate washing, have been fatal If the patient survives, HF burns typically produce open wounds of an especially slow-healing nature. Fluorine in the form of fluorspar (also called fluorite) (calcium fluoride) was described in 1530 by Georgius Agricola for its use as a flux , which is a substance that is used to promote the fusion of metals or minerals. In 1670 Schwanhard found that glass was etched when it was exposed to fluorspar that was treated with acid. Karl Scheele and many later researchers, including Humphry Davy, Gay-Lussac, Antoine Lavoisier, and Louis Thenard all would experiment with hydrofluoric acid, easily obtained by treating calcium fluoride (fluorspar) with concentrated sulfuric acid.", "Fluoride is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.", "Inorganic salts of hydrofluoric acid, HF, in which the fluorine atom is in the -1 oxidation state. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed) Sodium and stannous salts are commonly used in dentifrices."]], ["Calusterone", "C[C@H]1CC2=CC(=O)CC[C@@]2([C@@H]3[C@@H]1[C@@H]4CC[C@]([C@]4(CC3)C)(C)O)C", ["Calusterone is a 3-hydroxy steroid. It has a role as an androgen.", "A 17-alkylated orally active androgenic steroid. A Schedule IV drug in Canada.", "Calusterone is a 17-alkylated orally active androgenic steroid. Calusterone may alter the metabolism of estradiol and reduce estrogen production. (NCI04)"]], ["Propoxyphene napsylate", "CCC(=O)O[C@](CC1=CC=CC=C1)(C2=CC=CC=C2)[C@H](C)CN(C)C.C1=CC=C2C=C(C=CC2=C1)S(=O)(=O)O", ["Propoxyphene Napsylate is a synthetic diphenyl propionate derivative structurally related to methadone, Propoxyphene Napsylate acts as a central narcotic and analgesic agent by interaction with mu opioid receptors, but with less selectivity then morphine. The dextro-isomer has analgesic effect, while the levo-isomer exerts an antitussive effect. The napsylate salt allows better dosage formulation than the hydrochloride salt. (NCI04)"]], ["Dimepheptanol", "CCC(C(CC(C)N(C)C)(C1=CC=CC=C1)C2=CC=CC=C2)O", ["Dimepheptanol is a diarylmethane.", "A narcotic analgesic with a long onset and duration of action."]], ["Lithium ion", "[Li+]", ["Lithium(1+) is a monovalent inorganic cation, a monoatomic monocation and an alkali metal cation.", "Lithium was used during the 19th century to treat gout. Lithium salts such as lithium carbonate (Li2CO3), lithium citrate, and lithium orotate are mood stabilizers. They are used in the treatment of bipolar disorder, since unlike most other mood altering drugs, they counteract both mania and depression. Lithium can also be used to augment other antidepressant drugs. It is also sometimes prescribed as a preventive treatment for migraine disease and cluster headaches. The active principle in these salts is the lithium ion Li+, which having a smaller diameter, can easily displace K+ and Na+ and even Ca+2, in spite of its greater charge, occupying their sites in several critical neuronal enzymes and neurotransmitter receptors.", "Lithium cation is a Mood Stabilizer.", "Lithium Cation is a monovalent cation that is metabolized much like sodium and is important in many cellular functions inside or on the surface of cells."]], ["Deslanoside", "C[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@H](C[C@@H](O1)O[C@H]2CC[C@]3([C@@H](C2)CC[C@@H]4[C@@H]3C[C@H]([C@]5([C@@]4(CC[C@@H]5C6=CC(=O)OC6)O)C)O)C)O)O[C@H]7C[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O7)C)O[C@H]8C[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O8)C)O[C@H]9[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O9)CO)O)O)O)O)O", ["Deslanoside is a cardenolide glycoside that is lanatoside C with the acetoxy group replaced by a hydroxy group. It has a role as an anti-arrhythmia drug, a cardiotonic drug, a metabolite and an EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor. It is a 14beta-hydroxy steroid, a 12beta-hydroxy steroid, a cardenolide glycoside and a tetrasaccharide derivative.", "Deacetyllanatoside C. A cardiotonic glycoside from the leaves of Digitalis lanata.", "Deslanoside is a natural product found in Digitalis parviflora, Digitalis viridiflora, and other organisms with data available.", "Deacetyllanatoside C. A cardiotonic glycoside from the leaves of Digitalis lanata."]], ["Bisoxatin", "C1=CC=C2C(=C1)NC(=O)C(O2)(C3=CC=C(C=C3)O)C4=CC=C(C=C4)O", ["Bisoxatin is a diarylmethane.", "Bisoxatin is a stimulant laxative which increases peristalsis and inhibits absorbtion of water and ions in the intestine. It is marketed in Belgium under the tradename Wylaxine and used for the treatment of constipation and for preparation of the colon for surgical procedures."]], ["Lisuride", "CCN(CC)C(=O)N[C@@H]1CN([C@@H]2CC3=CNC4=CC=CC(=C34)C2=C1)C", ["Lisuride is a monocarboxylic acid amide. It has a role as an antiparkinson drug, a serotonergic agonist, a dopamine agonist and an antidyskinesia agent. It derives from a hydride of an ergoline.", "An ergot derivative that acts as an agonist at dopamine D2 receptors (dopamine agonists). It may also act as an antagonist at dopamine D1 receptors, and as an agonist at some serotonin receptors (serotonin agonists).", "An ergot derivative that acts as an agonist at dopamine D2 receptors (DOPAMINE AGONISTS). It may also act as an antagonist at dopamine D1 receptors, and as an agonist at some serotonin receptors (SEROTONIN RECEPTOR AGONISTS)."]], ["7(S)-Chloro-7-deoxylincomycin", "CCC[C@@H]1C[C@H](N(C1)C)C(=O)NC([C@@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](O2)SC)O)O)O)C(C)Cl", ["Clindamycin is a carbohydrate-containing antibiotic that is the semisynthetic derivative of lincomycin, a natural antibiotic. It has a role as a xenobiotic and an environmental contaminant. It is a carbohydrate-containing antibiotic, a S-glycosyl compound, a pyrrolidinecarboxamide, an organochlorine compound and a semisynthetic derivative. It is functionally related to a lincomycin.", "Clindamycin is a semi-synthetic lincosamide antibiotic used in the treatment of a variety of serious infections due to susceptible microorganisms as well as topically for acne vulgaris. It has a relatively narrow spectrum of activity that includes anaerobic bacteria as well as gram-positive cocci and bacilli and gram-negative bacilli. Interestingly, clindamycin appears to carry some activity against protozoans, and has been used off-label in the treatment of toxoplasmosis, malaria, and babesiosis.  Clindamycin is derived from, and has largely replaced, [lincomycin], a naturally occurring lincosamide and the eponymous member of this antibiotic class, due to its improved properties over the parent compound. The name lincomycin is derived from Lincoln, Nebraska, where it was first isolated from Streptomyces lincolnensis found in a soil sample.", "Clindamycin is a semisynthetic lincosamide antibiotic that has largely replaced lincomycin due to an improved side effect profile. Clindamycin inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to bacterial 50S ribosomal subunits. It may be bacteriostatic or bactericidal depending on the organism and drug concentration."]], ["Caroxazone", "C1C2=CC=CC=C2OC(=O)N1CC(=O)N", ["Caroxazone is a benzoxazine.", "Caroxazone is an antidepressant that has been withdrawn from the market. It is a reversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) of both A and B monoamine oxidase subtypes. However, it presents a five-fold preference for the MAO-B subtype."]], ["Sulfide", "[S-2]", ["Sulfide(2-) is a divalent inorganic anion obtained by removal of both protons from hydrogen sulfide. It is a conjugate base of a hydrosulfide.", "Sulfide is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).", "Sulfide is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.", "Chemical groups containing the covalent sulfur bonds -S-. The sulfur atom can be bound to inorganic or organic moieties."]], ["Decoquinate", "CCCCCCCCCCOC1=C(C=C2C(=C1)C(=O)C(=CN2)C(=O)OCC)OCC", ["Decoquinate is used in veterinary to delay the growth and reproduction of coccidian parasites.", "A coccidiostat for poultry."]], ["Taurolidine", "C1CS(=O)(=O)NCN1CN2CCS(=O)(=O)NC2", ["Taurolidine is a thiadiazinane.", "Taurolidine has been investigated for the prevention of Central Venous Catheter, Home Parenteral Nutrition, and Catheter-Related Infections.", "Taurolidine is a synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotic with antibacterial, anticoagulant and potential antiangiogenic activities. Taurolidine, derived from the amino acid taurine, binds to and neutralizes bacterial exotoxins and endotoxins, or lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Taurolidine binding to LPS prevents bacterial adherence to host epithelial cells, thereby prevents bacterial invasion of uninfected host cells. Although the mechanism underlying its antineoplastic activity has not been fully elucidated, it may be related to this agent's anti-adherence property. In addition, taurolidine also promotes apoptosis by inducing various apoptotic factors and suppresses the production of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a protein that plays an important role in angiogenesis."]], ["Isoamyl 2-cyanoacrylate", "CC(C)CCOC(=O)C(=C)C#N", ["Isoamyl 2 Cyanoacrylate is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02698644 (Hysteroscopic Tubal Occlusion With the Use of Iso Amyl-2-cyanoacrylate)."]], ["Ferric cation", "[Fe+3]", ["Iron(3+) is an iron cation and a monoatomic trication. It has a role as a human metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite, a mouse metabolite and a cofactor.", "Iron is a transition metal with a symbol Fe and atomic number 26. By mass, it is the most common element on Earth. Iron is an essential element involved in various metabolic processes, including oxygen transport, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis, and energy production in electron transport. Resulting from inadequate supply of iron to cells due to depletion of stores, iron deficiency is the most common nutritional deficiency worldwide, particularly affecting children, women of childbearing age, and pregnant women. Iron deficiency may be characterized without the development of anemia, and may result in functional impairments affecting cognitive development and immunity mechanisms, as well as infant or maternal mortality if it occurs during pregnancy. The main therapeutic preparation of iron is [DB13257], and iron-sucrose may also be given intravenously.  Iron exists in two oxidation states: the ferrous cation (Fe2+) and ferric cation (Fe3+). Non-haem iron in food is mainly in the ferric state, which is the insoluble form of iron, and must be reduced to the ferrous cation for absorption. Ferric citrate (tetraferric tricitrate decahydrate) is a phosphate binder indicated for the control of serum phosphorus levels in patients with chronic kidney disease on dialysis.", "Fe3+ is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).", "Ferric cation is a Parenteral Iron Replacement and Phosphate Binder. The mechanism of action of ferric cation is as a Phosphate Chelating Activity.", "Ferric ion is a natural product found in Homo sapiens with data available.", "Iron(3+) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.", "See also: Iron Sucrose (monomer of)."]], ["Iodide ion", "[I-]", ["Iodide is a halide anion and a monoatomic iodine. It has a role as a human metabolite. It is a conjugate base of a hydrogen iodide.", "Iodide has been investigated for the treatment of Goiter, Nodular.", "Iodide is a salt or ester of mineral iodine. Iodide salts are mild reducing agents and many react with oxygen to give iodine.", "Inorganic binary compounds of iodine or the I- ion."]], ["alpha-Solanine", "C[C@H]1CC[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@H]3[C@@H](N2C1)C[C@@H]4[C@@]3(CC[C@H]5[C@H]4CC=C6[C@@]5(CC[C@@H](C6)O[C@H]7[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@H](O7)CO)O)O[C@H]8[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O8)CO)O)O)O)O[C@@H]9[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O9)C)O)O)O)C)C)C", ["A mixture of alpha-chaconine and alpha-solanine, found in SOLANACEAE plants."]], ["Daunorubicin", "C[C@H]1[C@H]([C@H](C[C@@H](O1)O[C@H]2C[C@@](CC3=C2C(=C4C(=C3O)C(=O)C5=C(C4=O)C(=CC=C5)OC)O)(C(=O)C)O)N)O", ["Anthracycline antibiotic. An anticancer agent.", "Daunorubicin is a natural product found in Actinomadura roseola. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent and a bacterial metabolite. It is an anthracycline, a member of tetracenequinones, a member of p-quinones and an aminoglycoside antibiotic. It is a conjugate base of a daunorubicin(1+). It derives from a hydride of a tetracene.", "A very toxic anthracycline aminoglycoside antineoplastic isolated from Streptomyces peucetius and others, used in treatment of leukemia and other neoplasms.", "Daunorubicin is an Anthracycline Topoisomerase Inhibitor. The mechanism of action of daunorubicin is as a Topoisomerase Inhibitor.", "Daunorubicin is an anthracycline antibiotic that has antineoplastic activity and is used in the therapy of acute leukemia and AIDS related Kaposi sarcoma. Daunorubicin is associated with a low rate of transient serum enzyme and bilirubin elevations during therapy, but has not been implicated in cases of clinically apparent acute liver injury with jaundice.", "Daunorubicin is a natural product found in Streptomyces coeruleorubidus, Streptomyces, and other organisms with data available.", "Daunorubicin is an anthracycline antineoplastic antibiotic with therapeutic effects similar to those of doxorubicin.  Daunorubicin exhibits cytotoxic activity through topoisomerase-mediated interaction with DNA, thereby inhibiting DNA replication and repair and RNA and protein synthesis.", "Daunorubicin is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a very toxic anthracycline aminoglycoside antineoplastic isolated from Streptomyces peucetius and others, used in treatment of leukemia and other neoplasms. [PubChem]Daunorubicin has antimitotic and cytotoxic activity through a number of proposed mechanisms of action: Daunorubicin forms complexes with DNA by intercalation between base pairs, and it inhibits topoisomerase II activity by stabilizing the DNA-topoisomerase II complex, preventing the religation portion of the ligation-religation reaction that topoisomerase II catalyzes.", "A very toxic anthracycline aminoglycoside antineoplastic isolated from Streptomyces peucetius and others, used in treatment of LEUKEMIA and other NEOPLASMS."]], ["epsilon-Amanitin", "CCC(C)C1C(=O)NCC(=O)NC2CS(=O)C3=C(CC(C(=O)NCC(=O)N1)NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C4CC(CN4C(=O)C(NC2=O)CC(=O)O)O)C(C)C(C)O)C5=C(N3)C=C(C=C5)O", ["epsilon-Amanitin is a natural product found in Acanthochlamys bracteata with data available.", "Amanin is one of a group of at least eight Amatoxins found in several genera of poisonous mushrooms, most notably Amanita phalloides and several other members of the genus Amanita, as well as some Conocybe, Galerina and Lepiota mushroom species. (L1774)"]], ["Mercaptomerin sodium", "CC1(C(CCC1(C)C(=O)[O-])C(=O)NCC(C[Hg]SCC(=O)[O-])OC)C.[Na+].[Na+]", ["Mercaptomerin is an organomercuric compound. Mercury is a heavy, silvery d-block metal and one of six elements that are liquid at or near room temperature and pressure. It is a naturally occuring substance, and combines with other elements such as chlorine, sulfur, or oxygen to form inorganic mercury compounds (salts). Mercury also combines with carbon to make organic mercury compounds. (L1)"]], ["Razoxane", "CC(CN1CC(=O)NC(=O)C1)N2CC(=O)NC(=O)C2", ["Razoxane is a N-alkylpiperazine.", "Razoxane is an orally bioavailable bis-dioxopiperazine and a derivative of the chelating agent ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) with antineoplastic, antiangiogenic, and antimetastatic activities. Razoxane specifically inhibits the enzyme topoisomerase II without inducing DNA strand breaks, which may result in the inhibition of DNA synthesis and cell division in the premitotic and early mitotic phases of the cell cycle. This agent may also exhibit antiangiogenic and antimetastatic activities although the precise molecular mechanisms of these actions are unknown.", "An antimitotic agent with immunosuppressive properties."]], ["Lofexidine", "CC(C1=NCCN1)OC2=C(C=CC=C2Cl)Cl", ["Lofexidine is a member of imidazoles, a dichlorobenzene, an aromatic ether and a carboxamidine. It has a role as an alpha-adrenergic agonist and an antihypertensive agent.", "Lofexidine is a non-opioid centrally acting alpha2-adrenergic receptor agonist that was first approved for the treatment of opioid withdrawal in the United Kingdom in 1992. It was first studied for use as an antihypertensive in 1980, but its researched was stopped as it was found less effective for the treatment of  hypertension than clonidine. Lofexidine was then repurposed for the treatment of opioid withdrawal, as it was seen to be more economical and have fewer side effects than clonidine. Lofexidine was developed by US Woldmeds LLC and it was approved by the FDA on May 16, 2018."]], ["Luteoskyrin", "CC1=CC(=C2C(=C1O)C(=O)C34C5C6C(C3C(=O)C7=C(C8=C(C=C(C(=C8C(=O)C67C(C5O)C(=O)C4=C2O)O)C)O)O)O)O", ["Luteoskyrin is a cyclic ketone and an organic polycyclic compound.", "Luteoskyrin is a mycotoxin produced by the fungus Penicillium islandicum. It is known to be a storage mold contaminant of rice and has been shown to be hepatotoxic and hepatocarcinogenic. (A3069, A3070)"]], ["Alclofenac", "C=CCOC1=C(C=C(C=C1)CC(=O)O)Cl", ["Alclofenac is an aromatic ether in which the ether oxygen links an allyl group to the 4-position of (3-chlorophenyl)acetic acid.A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it was withdrawn from the UK market in 1979 due to concerns with its association with vasculitis and rash. It has a role as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, a non-narcotic analgesic and a drug allergen. It is an aromatic ether, a monocarboxylic acid and a member of monochlorobenzenes.", "Alclofenac is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. It was withdrawn from the market in the United Kingdom in 1979."]], ["Bromocriptine mesylate", "CC(C)C[C@H]1C(=O)N2CCC[C@H]2[C@]3(N1C(=O)[C@](O3)(C(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H]4CN([C@@H]5CC6=C(NC7=CC=CC(=C67)C5=C4)Br)C)O.CS(=O)(=O)O", ["Bromocriptine methanesulfonate is a methanesulfonate salt. It has a role as an antiparkinson drug. It contains a bromocriptine.", "Bromocriptine Mesylate is the mesylate salt of bromocriptine, a semisynthetic ergot alkaloid with dopaminergic, antidyskinetic, and antiprolactinemic activities. Bromocriptine selectively binds to and activates postsynaptic dopamine D2 receptors in the corpus striatum of the central nervous system (CNS). Activation of these D2 receptors activate inhibitory G-proteins, which inhibit adenylyl cyclase, preventing signal transduction mediated via cAMP and resulting in the inhibition of neurotransmission and an antidyskinetic effect. This agent also stimulates dopamine D2 receptors in the anterior pituitary gland, which results in the inhibition of prolactin secretion and lactation and may inhibit the proliferation of prolactin-dependent breast cancer cells.", "A semisynthetic ergotamine alkaloid that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It suppresses prolactin secretion."]], ["Cetalkonium", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1", ["Cetalkonium chloride is an aromatic amine.", "Cetalkonium is a C16 alkyl benzalkonium chloride derivative with an amphipathic property which allows it to be used in different types of formulations. It is a quaternary ammonium salt that acts as an antiseptic against a variety of bacteria and fungi. Cetalkonium is approved by the FDA for its use in over-the-counter products as a skin protectant. By Health Canada, it is also approved for its use in over-the-counter products."]], ["Stearyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1.[Cl-]", ["Benzyldimethyloctadecylammonium chloride appears as white solid or thick liquid with a mild odor. (USCG, 1999)"]], ["Bis(2-ethylhexyl) sebacate", "CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC", ["Bis(2-ethylhexyl) sebacate is a clear pale yellow liquid with a mild odor. Insoluble in water. (NTP, 1992)"]], ["Anileridine dihydrochloride", "CCOC(=O)C1(CCN(CC1)CCC2=CC=C(C=C2)N)C3=CC=CC=C3.Cl.Cl", ["Anileridine dihydrochloride is a hydrochloride salt prepared from anileridine and 2 equivalents of hydrogen chloride. It has a role as an opioid analgesic. It contains an anileridine(2+).", "Anileridine Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of anileridine, an opioid receptor agonist belonging to the piperidine class with analgesic activity. By binding to and activating opioid receptors in the central nervous sytem (CNS), anileridine mimics the endogenous opioids resulting in a decrease of nociceptve neurotransmitters and eventually an analgesic effect."]], ["Butonate", "CCCC(=O)OC(C(Cl)(Cl)Cl)P(=O)(OC)OC", ["Butonate is a fatty acid ester and a butyrate ester."]], ["Citrate", "C(C(=O)[O-])C(CC(=O)[O-])(C(=O)[O-])O", ["Citrate(3-) is a tricarboxylic acid trianion, obtained by deprotonation of the three carboxy groups of citric acid. It has a role as a fundamental metabolite. It is a citrate anion and a tricarboxylic acid trianion. It is a conjugate base of a citrate(2-). It is a conjugate acid of a citrate(4-).", "Lithium Citrate is the citrate salt of lithium, a monovalent cation with antimanic activity. Although the exact mechanism is unclear, lithium might exert its mood-stabilizing effect via reduction of catecholamine concentration mediated through transneuronal membrane transport of sodium ion by sodium-potassium-stimulated adenosine triphosphatase (Na-K-ATPase). Alternatively, lithium may decrease cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) concentrations, which would desensitize hormonal-sensitive adenylyl cyclase receptors. Furthermore, lithium, in recommended dosage, blocks the activity of inositol-1-phosphatase, thereby resulting in the subsequent decrease of postsynaptic second messengers, diacylglycerol and inositol triphosphate, that contribute to chronic cell stimulation by altering electrical activity in the neuron.", "Citrate is a salt or ester of citric acid.", "A key intermediate in metabolism. It is an acid compound found in citrus fruits. The salts of citric acid (citrates) can be used as anticoagulants due to their calcium chelating ability."]], ["Fludrocortisone", "C[C@]12CCC(=O)C=C1CC[C@@H]3[C@@]2([C@H](C[C@]4([C@H]3CC[C@@]4(C(=O)CO)O)C)O)F", ["Fludrocortisone is a C21-steroid, a 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid, a 20-oxo steroid, a 21-hydroxy steroid, a fluorinated steroid, a mineralocorticoid, a 17alpha-hydroxy steroid and an 11beta-hydroxy steroid. It has a role as an adrenergic agent and an anti-inflammatory drug. It derives from a hydride of a pregnane.", "Fludrocortisone is a synthetic mineralocorticoid used in conjunction with [hydrocortisone] to replace missing endogenous corticosteroids in patients with adrenal insufficiency. It is functionally similar to [aldosterone], the body's primary endogenous mineralocorticoid, and is structurally analogous to [cortisol], differing only by a fluorine atom at the 9-position of the steroid structure - this fluorination is thought to be crucial to fludrocortisone's significant mineralocorticoid potency.", "Fludrocortisone is a synthetic corticosteroid with antiinflammatory and antiallergic properties. Fludrocortisone is a mineralocorticoid receptor and glucocorticoid receptor agonist that binds to cytoplasmic receptors, translocates to the nucleus and subsequently initiates the transcription of glucocorticoid-responsive genes such as lipocortins to inhibit phospholipase A2. This prevents the release of arachidonic acid, a precursor to prostaglandins and leukotrienes, both important mediators in the pro-inflammatory response mechanism. In addition, this agent exerts its mineralocorticoid effect on the distal tubules and collecting ducts of the kidney by inducing permease, an enzyme that regulates Na+ permeability in cells, thereby enhancing Na+ reabsorption and water retention as well as increasing K+, H+ excretion.", "A synthetic mineralocorticoid with anti-inflammatory activity."]], ["Brethaire", "CC(C)(C)[NH2+]CC(C1=CC(=CC(=C1)O)O)O.CC(C)(C)[NH2+]CC(C1=CC(=CC(=C1)O)O)O.[O-]S(=O)(=O)[O-]", ["Terbutaline Sulfate is the sulfate salt form of terbutaline, an ethanolamine derivative with bronchodilating and tocolytic properties. Terbutaline sulfate selectively binds to and activates beta-2 adrenergic receptors, leading to intracellular adenyl cyclase activation via a trimeric G protein and subsequent increase in cyclic cAMP production. Increased cAMP levels result in relaxation of bronchial and vascular smooth muscle mediated through the activation of protein kinase A (PKA), which phosphorylates proteins in control of muscle tone. cAMP also inhibits calcium ion release from intracellular stores, reduces calcium entry into cells and induces the sequestration of intracellular calcium all of which aids the relaxation of airway muscles. Terbutaline sulfate also increases mucociliary clearance and reduces release of inflammatory cell mediators.", "A selective beta-2 adrenergic agonist used as a bronchodilator and tocolytic."]], ["Halazepam", "C1C(=O)N(C2=C(C=C(C=C2)Cl)C(=N1)C3=CC=CC=C3)CC(F)(F)F", ["Halazepam is an organic molecular entity.", "Halazepam is a benzodiazepine derivative drug exerting anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, sedative, a muscle relaxing effects. It has been shown to be less toxic than chlordiazepoxide or diazepam. This drug is no longer marketed in the United States, and was withdrawn by Schering, its manufacturer, in 2009.", "Halazepam is a synthetic benzodiazepine derivative with anxiolytic property. Halazepam potentiates the inhibitory activities of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) by binding to the benzodiazepine-GABA-A-chloride ionophore receptor complex located in the limbic, thalamic, and hypothalamic regions of the central nervous system (CNS). This increases the frequency of chloride channel opening, allowing the flow of chloride ions into the neuron and ultimately leading to membrane hyperpolarization and a decrease in neuronal excitability.", "Halazepam is a benzodiazepine derivative. It possesses anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, sedative and skeletal muscle relaxant properties. It is a trifluoromethyl derivative of nordazepam. While its structure may be similar to chlordiazepoxide and diazepam, it has both less toxicity and less tendency to cause paradoxical hostility and aggression than either of them. Halazepam is no longer marketed in the United States, and was withdrawn by Schering-Plough due to poor sales. [Wikipedia]"]], ["Doxorubicin", "C[C@H]1[C@H]([C@H](C[C@@H](O1)O[C@H]2C[C@@](CC3=C2C(=C4C(=C3O)C(=O)C5=C(C4=O)C(=CC=C5)OC)O)(C(=O)CO)O)N)O", ["Doxorubicin is a deoxy hexoside, an anthracycline, an anthracycline antibiotic, an aminoglycoside, a member of tetracenequinones, a member of p-quinones, a primary alpha-hydroxy ketone and a tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone. It has a role as an Escherichia coli metabolite. It is a conjugate base of a doxorubicin(1+). It derives from a hydride of a tetracene.", "Doxorubicin is a cytotoxic anthracycline antibiotic isolated from cultures of Streptomyces peucetius var. caesius. Doxorubicin binds to nucleic acids, presumably by specific intercalation of the planar anthracycline nucleus with the DNA double helix.", "Doxorubicin is an Anthracycline Topoisomerase Inhibitor. The mechanism of action of doxorubicin is as a Topoisomerase Inhibitor.", "Doxorubicin is a natural product found in Xylopia aromatica, Trichodesmium thiebautii, and other organisms with data available.", "Doxorubicin is an anthracycline antibiotic with antineoplastic activity. Doxorubicin, isolated from the bacterium Streptomyces peucetius var. caesius, is the hydroxylated congener of daunorubicin. Doxorubicin intercalates between base pairs in the DNA helix, thereby preventing DNA replication and ultimately inhibiting protein synthesis. Additionally, doxorubicin inhibits topoisomerase II which results in an increased and stabilized cleavable enzyme-DNA linked complex during DNA replication and subsequently prevents the ligation of the nucleotide strand after double-strand breakage. Doxorubicin also forms oxygen free radicals resulting in cytotoxicity secondary to lipid peroxidation of cell membrane lipids; the formation of oxygen free radicals also contributes to the toxicity of the anthracycline antibiotics, namely the cardiac and cutaneous vascular effects.", "Doxorubicin is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is antineoplastic antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces peucetius. It is a hydroxy derivative of daunorubicin. [PubChem]Doxorubicin has antimitotic and cytotoxic activity through a number of proposed mechanisms of action: Doxorubicin forms complexes with DNA by intercalation between base pairs, and it inhibits topoisomerase II activity by stabilizing the DNA-topoisomerase II complex, preventing the religation portion of the ligation-religation reaction that topoisomerase II catalyzes.", "Antineoplastic antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces peucetius. It is a hydroxy derivative of DAUNORUBICIN."]], ["4-Methoxyamphetamine", "CC(CC1=CC=C(C=C1)OC)N", ["4-Methoxyamphetamine is a natural product found in Senegalia berlandieri with data available."]], ["4-[2-[[1-Hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-2-yl]amino]ethyl]phenol", "CC(C(C1=CC=C(C=C1)O)O)NCCC2=CC=C(C=C2)O", ["4-[2-[[1-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-2-yl]amino]ethyl]phenol is a secondary amino compound that is 4-(2-amino-1-hydroxypropyl)phenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl group. It is a member of benzyl alcohols, a polyphenol, a secondary alcohol and a secondary amino compound.", "Ritodrine is a phenethylamine derivative with tocolytic activity. Ritodrine binds to and activates beta-2 adrenergic receptors of myometrial cells in the uterus, which decreases the intensity and frequency of uterine contractions. Specifically, ritodrine probably activates adenyl cyclase, thereby increasing production of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), which in turn enhances the efflux of calcium from vascular smooth muscle cells. A lack of intracellular calcium prevents uterine myometrial contractions. In addition, this agent may directly inactivate myosin light chain kinase, a critical enzyme necessary for the initiation of muscle contractions.", "An adrenergic beta-2 agonist used to control PREMATURE LABOR."]], ["Etrenol", "CC[NH+](CC)CCNC1=C2C(=C(C=C1)CO)SC3=CC=CC=C3C2=O.CS(=O)(=O)[O-]", ["Hycanthone methanesulfonate is an odorless yellow to yellow-orange powder. Bitter taste. (NTP, 1992)"]], ["ZINC ion", "[Zn+2]", ["Zinc(2+) is a divalent metal cation, a zinc cation and a monoatomic dication. It has a role as a human metabolite and a cofactor.", "Velmanase alfa is a recombinant human lysosomal alpha-mannosidase developed for enzyme replacement therapy to treat alpha-mannosidosis. Alpha-mannosidosis is a rare autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder. Patients with alpha-mannosidosis have a genetic mutation that causes a deficiency in the lysosomal enzyme alpha-mannosidase, which is an enzyme responsible for breaking down complex sugars in the body. The resulting accumulation of sugars in the body leads to an array of clinical manifestations leading to progressive neuromuscular and skeletal deterioration, such as skeletal abnormalities, motor function impairment, intellectual disability, and respiratory dysfunction. As long-term enzyme replacement therapy, velmanase alfa intends to supplement or restore the function of deficient alpha-mannosidase. Velmanase alfa has an amino acid sequence of the monomeric protein identical to the naturally occurring human alpha-mannosidase. It was granted marketing authorization by the European Commission in March 2018 under the market name Lamzede as the first human recombinant form of alpha-mannosidase. It is currently not approved in the United States or Canada.", "Zinc cation is a Copper Absorption Inhibitor. The physiologic effect of zinc cation is by means of Decreased Copper Ion Absorption.", "ZINC ion is a natural product found in Homo sapiens and Flexibacter with data available.", "Zinc is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["Articaine", "CCCNC(C)C(=O)NC1=C(SC=C1C)C(=O)OC", ["4-methyl-3-[[1-oxo-2-(propylamino)propyl]amino]-2-thiophenecarboxylic acid methyl ester is a thiophenecarboxylic acid.", "Articaine is a dental local anesthetic. Articaine is widely used around the world and is the most popular local anesthetic in many European countries.", "Articaine is an Amide Local Anesthetic. The physiologic effect of articaine is by means of Local Anesthesia.", "A thiophene-containing local anesthetic pharmacologically similar to MEPIVACAINE."]], ["Reserpinine", "CO[C@H]1[C@@H](C[C@@H]2CN3CCC4=C([C@H]3C[C@@H]2[C@@H]1C(=O)OC)NC5=C4C=CC(=C5)OC)OC(=O)C=CC6=CC(=C(C(=C6)OC)OC)OC", ["Rescinnamine is an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor used as an antihypertensive drug. It is an alkaloid obtained from Rauwolfia serpentina and other species of Rauwolfia."]], ["Dantrolene Na", "C1C(=NC(=O)N1N=CC2=CC=C(O2)C3=CC=C(C=C3)[N+](=O)[O-])[O-].[Na+]", ["Dantrolene Sodium is the sodium salt form of dantrolene, a hydantoin derivative and direct-acting skeletal muscle relaxant. Dantrolene depresses excitation-contraction coupling in skeletal muscle by binding to the ryanodine receptor 1, and decreasing intracellular calcium concentration. Ryanodine receptors mediate the release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, an essential step in muscle contraction.", "Skeletal muscle relaxant that acts by interfering with excitation-contraction coupling in the muscle fiber. It is used in spasticity and other neuromuscular abnormalities. Although the mechanism of action is probably not central, dantrolene is usually grouped with the central muscle relaxants."]], ["Glisoxepide", "CC1=CC(=NO1)C(=O)NCCC2=CC=C(C=C2)S(=O)(=O)NC(=O)NN3CCCCCC3", ["Glisoxepide is a sulfonamide.", "Glisoxepide is one of the sulphonamide-derived oral antidiabetic drugs. It inhibits the uptake of bile acids into isolated rat hepatocytes. However it inhibits taurocholate uptake only in the absence of sodium ions. Glisoxepide uptake could be further inhibited by blockers of the hepatocellular monocarboxylate transporter, by the loop diuretic bumetanide, by 4,4'-diisothiocyano-2,2'-stilbenedisulfonate (DIDS) and by sulphate.  These results are consistent with the transport of glisoxepide via the transport system for the unconjugated bile acid cholate.", "Glisoxepide is a second-generation sulfonylurea with antihyperglycemic activity. Like other second-generation compounds, glisoxepide exerts greater binding affinity than the first-generation compounds. Glisoxepide shows peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma agonistic activity, has a short half-life and is excreted in both the bile and urine."]], ["Dexchlorpheniramine", "CN(C)CC[C@@H](C1=CC=C(C=C1)Cl)C2=CC=CC=N2", ["Dexchlorpheniramine is a chlorphenamine. It is an enantiomer of a levochlorpheniramine.", "Dexchlorpheniramine is a potent S-enantiomer of chlorpheniramine. The salt form dexchlorpheniramine maleate as the active ingredient is available as a prescription drug indicated for adjunctive therapy for allergic and anaphylactic reactions. It is an antihistamine drug with anticholinergic (drying) and sedative actions. It disrupts histamine signaling by competing with histamine for cell receptor sites on effector cells.", "Dexchlorpheniramine is an alkylamine, and first-generation histamine antagonist with anti-allergic activity. Dexchlorpheniramine competitively blocks H1 receptors, thereby preventing the actions of histamine on bronchial smooth muscle, capillaries and gastrointestinal (GI) smooth muscle. The antagonistic action of this agent blocks the activities of endogenous histamine, thereby preventing histamine-induced bronchoconstriction, vasodilation, increased capillary permeability, and GI smooth muscle spasms."]], ["Cambendazole", "CC(C)OC(=O)NC1=CC2=C(C=C1)N=C(N2)C3=CSC=N3", ["A nematocide effective against a variety of gastrointestinal parasites in cattle, sheep, and horses."]], ["Pivampicillin", "CC1([C@@H](N2[C@H](S1)[C@@H](C2=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](C3=CC=CC=C3)N)C(=O)OCOC(=O)C(C)(C)C)C", ["Pivampicillin is a penicillanic acid ester that is the pivaloyloxymethyl ester of ampicillin. It is a prodrug of ampicillin. It has a role as a prodrug. It is a penicillanic acid ester and a pivaloyloxymethyl ester. It is functionally related to an ampicillin.", "Pivalate ester analog of ampicillin.", "Pivampicillin is a semisynthetic, orally active pivalate ester of ampicillin with antibacterial activity. Upon absorption, pivampicillin is hydrolyzed into its active form ampicillin by esterases. Ampicillin binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall. Inactivation of PBPs interferes with the cross-linkage of peptidoglycan chains necessary for bacterial cell wall strength and rigidity. This interrupts bacterial cell wall synthesis and results in the weakening of the bacterial cell wall, eventually causing cell lysis.", "Pivalate ester analog of AMPICILLIN."]], ["Ritodrine", "C[C@@H]([C@@H](C1=CC=C(C=C1)O)O)NCCC2=CC=C(C=C2)O", ["Adrenergic beta-agonist used to control premature labor.", "Ritodrine is a phenethylamine derivative with tocolytic activity. Ritodrine binds to and activates beta-2 adrenergic receptors of myometrial cells in the uterus, which decreases the intensity and frequency of uterine contractions. Specifically, ritodrine probably activates adenyl cyclase, thereby increasing production of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), which in turn enhances the efflux of calcium from vascular smooth muscle cells. A lack of intracellular calcium prevents uterine myometrial contractions. In addition, this agent may directly inactivate myosin light chain kinase, a critical enzyme necessary for the initiation of muscle contractions.", "An adrenergic beta-2 agonist used to control PREMATURE LABOR."]], ["Ethoxyethyl hydroxy mercury", "CCOCC[Hg].O", ["Ethoxyethyl hydroxy mercury is an organomercuric compound. Mercury is a heavy, silvery d-block metal and one of six elements that are liquid at or near room temperature and pressure. It is a naturally occuring substance, and combines with other elements such as chlorine, sulfur, or oxygen to form inorganic mercury compounds (salts). Mercury also combines with carbon to make organic mercury compounds. (L1)"]], ["Ketazolam", "CC1=CC(=O)N2CC(=O)N(C3=C(C2(O1)C4=CC=CC=C4)C=C(C=C3)Cl)C", ["Ketazolam is a benzodiazepine.", "Ketazolam is a benzodiazepine derivative with anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, sedative and skeletal muscle relaxant activity. Ketazolam is not approved in Canada or America.", "Ketazolam is a drug which is a benzodiazepine derivative. It possesses anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, sedative and skeletal muscle relaxant properties. Ketazolam is not approved for sale in the United States or Canada."]], ["Almitrine", "C=CCNC1=NC(=NC(=N1)N2CCN(CC2)C(C3=CC=C(C=C3)F)C4=CC=C(C=C4)F)NCC=C", ["Almitrine is a triamino-1,3,5-triazine compound having allylamino substituents at the 2- and 4-positions and a 4-(bis(p-fluorophenyl)methyl)-1-piperazinyl group at the 6-position. It has a role as a central nervous system stimulant. It is a triamino-1,3,5-triazine and a member of piperazines.", "Almitrine is a respiratory stimulant that enhances respiration by acting as an agonist of peripheral chemoreceptors located on the carotid bodies. It is used in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. It is also reported to have a potentially beneficial effect in treating the noctural oxygen desaturation without impairing the quality of sleep.", "Almitrine is a diphenylmethylpiperazine derivative and respiratory stimulant that can be used to improve oxygenation. Upon systemic administration, almitrine targets, binds to and activates the peripheral chemoreceptors located on the carotid bodies. This enhances respiration and increases arterial oxygen tension while decreasing arterial carbon dioxide tension.", "A respiratory stimulant that enhances respiration by acting as an agonist of peripheral chemoreceptors located on the carotid bodies. The drug increases arterial oxygen tension while decreasing arterial carbon dioxide tension in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. It may also prove useful in the treatment of nocturnal oxygen desaturation without impairing the quality of sleep."]], ["Ensulizole", "C1=CC=C(C=C1)C2=NC3=C(N2)C=C(C=C3)S(=O)(=O)O", ["Ensulizole is a member of benzimidazoles.", "Ensulizole, also known as 2-phenylbenzimidazole-5-sulfonic acid, is a water-soluble sunscreen agent that absorbs strongly at UV-B wavelengths. It is commonly found in cosmetic products and sunscreen formulas in combination with other UV filter compounds due to its minimal protection against UV-A wavelengths. Due to its water solubility, ensulizole is commonly used in products formulated to feel light and less oily. It was demonstrated by studies that ensulizole treatment provided protection against cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers and photosensitized the formation of oxidized guanine bases after UV-A or UV-B exposure. According to the FDA, the maximal approved concentration of ensulizole is 148 mM although concentrations ranging between 74 and 148mM can be found in commercial sunscreen products."]], ["Safrazine", "CC(CCC1=CC2=C(C=C1)OCO2)NN", ["Safrazine is a member of the hydrazine family with non-selective and irreversible inhibitor effects against monoamine oxidases. In 1960, it was used as an antidepressant but it is now discontinued."]], ["Tymazoline", "CC1=CC(=C(C=C1)C(C)C)OCC2=NCCN2", ["Tymazoline is a monoterpenoid.", "Tymazoline is a nasal preparation."]], ["Tetrahydrocannabivarol", "CCCC1=CC(=C2C3C=C(CCC3C(OC2=C1)(C)C)C)O", ["Tetrahydrocannabivarol is a natural product found in Cannabis sativa with data available."]], ["Difenoxin", "C1CN(CCC1(C2=CC=CC=C2)C(=O)O)CCC(C#N)(C3=CC=CC=C3)C4=CC=CC=C4", ["Difenoxin is a piperidinemonocarboxylic acid that is 4-phenylpiperidine-4-carboxylic acid in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen atom is substituted by a 3-cyano-3,3-diphenylpropyl group. It has a role as an antidiarrhoeal drug. It is a piperidinemonocarboxylic acid, a tertiary amine and a nitrile.", "Difenoxin is a 4-phenylpiperidine which is closely related to the opioid analgesic meperidine. Difenoxin alone is a USA Schedule I controlled drug, as it may be habit forming. However, it is listed as a Schedule IV controlled drug if combined with atropine, which is added to decrease deliberate misuse. Motofen(R) is a brand mixture which combines atropine sulfate and difenoxin hydrochloride. It is approved by the FDA to treat acute and chronic diarrhea.    Difenoxin is an active metabolite of the anti-diarrheal drug, diphenoxylate, which is also used in combination with atropine in the brand mixture Lomotil(R). It works mostly in the periphery and activates opioid receptors in the intestine rather than the central nervous system (CNS). [3] Difenoxin is also closely related to loperamide, but unlike loperamide it is still capable of crossing the blood brain barrier to produce weak sedative and analgesic effects. However, the antidiarrheal potency of difenoxin is much greater than its CNS effects, which makes it an attractive alternative to other opioids.", "Difenoxin is an Antidiarrheal.", "Difenoxin is a phenylpiperidine with antidiarrheal activity and an active metabolite of diphenoxylate. Difenoxin is chemically related to the narcotic opioid meperidine. Difenoxin acts primarily on the gastrointestinal wall by binding to opioid receptors on acetylcholine-containing nerves and inhibiting the release of acetylcholine from presynaptic nerve terminals. This leads to a reduction in intestinal motility. Difenoxin hydrochloride also mimics the action of endogenous opioid peptides at the CNS opioid receptors, (primarily mu-receptors), thereby inducing CNS effects."]], ["Prednimustine", "C[C@]12C[C@@H]([C@H]3[C@H]([C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(C(=O)COC(=O)CCCC4=CC=C(C=C4)N(CCCl)CCCl)O)CCC5=CC(=O)C=C[C@]35C)O", ["Prednimustine is a corticosteroid hormone.", "Prednimustine has been used in trials studying the treatment of Lymphoma.", "Prednimustine is the prednisolone ester of chlorambucil and nitrogen mustard alkylating agent with antineoplastic activity. Prednimustine itself is not cytotoxic, however, it becomes cytotoxic upon hydrolysis by serum esterases to chlorambucil. Therefore, the increased potency of prednimustine is linked to the prolonged availability of free chlorambucil.", "Ester of CHLORAMBUCIL and PREDNISOLONE used as a combination alkylating agent and synthetic steroid to treat various leukemias and other neoplasms. It causes gastrointestinal and bone marrow toxicity."]], ["Toloxatone", "CC1=CC(=CC=C1)N2CC(OC2=O)CO", ["5-(hydroxymethyl)-3-(3-methylphenyl)-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one is a member of the class of oxazolidinones that is 5-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one substituted by a 3-methylphenyl group at position 3. It is a member of toluenes, an oxazolidinone and a primary alcohol.", "Toloxatone is an antidepressant agent, the first ever use of which was in France, 1984. It acts as a selective  and reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase-A (MOA)."]], ["Ioxitalamic acid", "CC(=O)NC1=C(C(=C(C(=C1I)C(=O)O)I)C(=O)NCCO)I", ["Iooxitalamic acid is an organoiodine compound that is 2,4,6-triiodobenzoic acid substituted by an acetylamino group at position 3 and a (2-hydroxyethyl)carbamoyl group at position 5. It is used as a contrast medium. It has a role as a xenobiotic, an environmental contaminant and a radioopaque medium. It is a dicarboxylic acid monoamide, a member of acetamides, an organoiodine compound and a member of benzoic acids.", "Ioxitalamate is an ionic iodinated contrast medium. It is a first-generation contrast media formed by an ionic monomer with a high osmolarity of 1500-1800 mOsm/kg. Ioxitalamic acid in the salt forms of sodium and meglumine was developed by Liebel-Flarshem Canada Inc and approved by Health Canada in 1995. Until the last review in 2015, this drug is still available in the market."]], ["Moricizine hydrochloride", "CCOC(=O)NC1=CC2=C(C=C1)SC3=CC=CC=C3N2C(=O)CCN4CCOCC4.Cl", ["Moricizine Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of moricizine, a phenothiazine analog with class I antiarrhythmic activity. Moricizine hydrochloride blocks the rapid flow of sodium ions into the myocardial cell during phase 0 of the action potential. This decreases excitability, slows the impulse conduction through the atrioventricular (AV) node and depresses depolarization.", "An antiarrhythmia agent used primarily for ventricular rhythm disturbances."]], ["Moricizine", "CCOC(=O)NC1=CC2=C(C=C1)SC3=CC=CC=C3N2C(=O)CCN4CCOCC4", ["Moricizine is a phenothiazine substituted on the nitrogen by a 3-(morpholin-4-yl)propanoyl group, and at position 2 by an (ethoxycarbonyl)amino group. It has a role as an anti-arrhythmia drug. It is a member of phenothiazines, a member of morpholines and a carbamate ester.", "An antiarrhythmia agent used primarily for ventricular rhythm disturbances.", "Moricizine is an Antiarrhythmic.", "An antiarrhythmia agent used primarily for ventricular rhythm disturbances."]], ["S-adenosylmethionine", "C[S+](CC[C@@H](C(=O)[O-])N)C[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O1)N2C=NC3=C(N=CN=C32)N)O)O", ["S-adenosyl-L-methioninate is a sulfonium betaine that is a conjugate base of S-adenosyl-L-methionine obtained by the deprotonation of the carboxy group. It has a role as a human metabolite. It is functionally related to a L-methioninate. It is a conjugate base of a S-adenosyl-L-methionine.", "Physiologic methyl radical donor involved in enzymatic transmethylation reactions and present in all living organisms. It possesses anti-inflammatory activity and has been used in treatment of chronic liver disease. (From Merck, 11th ed)", "S-Adenosylmethionine is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).", "S-adenosylmethionine is a natural product found in Pisum sativum and Homo sapiens with data available.", "Physiologic methyl radical donor involved in enzymatic transmethylation reactions and present in all living organisms. It possesses anti-inflammatory activity and has been used in treatment of chronic liver disease. (From Merck, 11th ed)"]], ["S-adenosyl-L-methionine", "C[S+](CC[C@@H](C(=O)O)N)C[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O1)N2C=NC3=C(N=CN=C32)N)O)O", ["S-adenosyl-L-methionine is a sulfonium compound that is the S-adenosyl derivative of L-methionine. It is an intermediate in the metabolic pathway of methionine. It has a role as a coenzyme, a nutraceutical, a micronutrient, a human metabolite, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, a Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite and a cofactor. It is a conjugate acid of a S-adenosyl-L-methioninate. It is an enantiomer of a S-adenosyl-D-methionine. It is a tautomer of a S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion.", "S-Adenosylmethionine is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).", "S-Adenosylmethionine is a nutritional supplement that is synthesized from adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and the amino acid methionine by the endogenous essential enzyme methionine adenosyltransferase (MAT), with potential antineoplastic activity.  Upon administration, S-adenosylmethionine acts as a methyl donor for various transmethylation reactions. In cancer cells, this agent induces the methylation of tumor promoting genes, reverses DNA hypomethylation, and leads to the suppression of oncogene transcription. This induces apoptosis in and inhibits proliferation of susceptible tumor cells.", "Physiologic methyl radical donor involved in enzymatic transmethylation reactions and present in all living organisms. It possesses anti-inflammatory activity and has been used in treatment of chronic liver disease. (From Merck, 11th ed).\nS-Adenosylmethionine is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a physiologic methyl radical donor involved in enzymatic transmethylation reactions and present in all living organisms. It possesses anti-inflammatory activity and has been used in treatment of chronic liver disease. (From Merck, 11th ed)S-Adenosylmethionine (SAMe) is a natural substance present in the cells of the body. It is a direct metabolite of the essential amino acid L-methionine. SAMe plays a crucial biochemical role in the body by donating a one-carbon methyl group in a process called transmethylation. SAMe, formed from the reaction of L-methionine and adenosine triphosphate catalyzed by the enzyme S-adenosylmethionine synthetase, is the methyl-group donor in the biosynthesis of both DNA and RNA nucleic acids, phospholipids, proteins, epinephrine, melatonin, creatine and other molecules.", "Physiologic methyl radical donor involved in enzymatic transmethylation reactions and present in all living organisms. It possesses anti-inflammatory activity and has been used in treatment of chronic liver disease. (From Merck, 11th ed)"]], ["Amineptine", "C1CC2=CC=CC=C2C(C3=CC=CC=C31)NCCCCCCC(=O)O", ["Amineptine is a carbocyclic fatty acid that is 5-aminoheptanoic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulen-5-yl group. A tricyclic antidepressant, it was never approved in the US and was withdrawn from the French market in 1999 due to concerns over abuse, dependence and severe acne. It has a role as a dopamine uptake inhibitor and an antidepressant. It is a carbocyclic fatty acid, a secondary amino compound, an amino acid and a carbotricyclic compound. It derives from a hydride of a dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene.", "The Food and Drug Administration suspended the marketing authorisation for Survector in 1999 and France withdrew it from the market, however several developing countries continued to produce it up until 2005."]], ["Bitolterol mesylate", "CC1=CC=C(C=C1)C(=O)OC2=C(C=C(C=C2)C(CNC(C)(C)C)O)OC(=O)C3=CC=C(C=C3)C.CS(=O)(=O)O", ["Bitolterol Mesylate is the mesylate salt of bitolterol, a diester sympathomimetic amine with bronchodilator activity. As an ester prodrug, bitolterol is hydrolyzed by esterases to its active metabolite colterol (N-t-butylarterenol). Colterol selectively binds to and activates beta-2 adrenergic receptors in bronchiolar smooth muscle, thereby causing stimulation of adenyl cyclase, the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to cyclic-3',5'-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). Increased intracellular cAMP levels cause relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle. This increases air flow and prevents bronchospasms and may eventually lead to an improvement of airway function."]], ["Bitolterol", "CC1=CC=C(C=C1)C(=O)OC2=C(C=C(C=C2)C(CNC(C)(C)C)O)OC(=O)C3=CC=C(C=C3)C", ["Bitolterol is the di-4-toluate ester of (+-)-N-tert-butylnoradrenaline (colterol). A pro-drug for colterol, a beta2-adrenergic receptor agonist, bitolterol is used as its methanesulfonate salt for relief of bronchospasm in conditions such as asthma, chronic bronchitis and emphysema. It has a role as a bronchodilator agent, an anti-asthmatic drug, a beta-adrenergic agonist and a prodrug. It is a member of ethanolamines, a carboxylic ester, a diester, a secondary amino compound and a secondary alcohol.", "Bitolterol mesylate was used to treat bronchospasms in asthma and COPD. It is a beta-2-adrenergic receptor agonist. Bitolterol was withdrawn from the market by Elan Pharmaceuticals in 2001.", "Bitolterol is a diester sympathomimetic amine with bronchodilator activity. As an ester prodrug, bitolterol is hydrolyzed by esterases to its active metabolite colterol (N-t-butylarterenol). Colterol selectively binds to and activates beta-2 adrenergic receptors in bronchiolar smooth muscle, thereby causing stimulation of adenyl cyclase, the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to cyclic-3',5'-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). Increased intracellular cAMP levels cause relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle. This increases air flow and prevents bronchospasms and may eventually lead to an improvement of airway function."]], ["Etofenamate", "C1=CC=C(C(=C1)C(=O)OCCOCCO)NC2=CC=CC(=C2)C(F)(F)F", ["2-[3-(trifluoromethyl)anilino]benzoic acid 2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethyl ester is a benzoate ester.", "Etofenamate is used to treat muscle and joint paint. It is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)."]], ["Mecillinam", "CC1([C@@H](N2[C@H](S1)[C@@H](C2=O)N=CN3CCCCCC3)C(=O)O)C", ["Mecillinam is a penicillin in which the 6beta substituent is [(azepan-1-yl)methylidene]amino; an extended-spectrum penicillin antibiotic that binds specifically to penicillin binding protein 2 (PBP2), and is only considered to be active against Gram-negative bacteria. It has a role as an antibacterial drug and an antiinfective agent.", "Amidinopenicillanic acid derivative with broad spectrum antibacterial action. It is poorly absorbed if given orally and is used in urinary infections and typhus. Amdinocillin is not available in the United States.", "Amdinocillin is a semisynthetic, broad spectrum beta-lactam penicillin with antibacterial activity. Amdinocillin specifically binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding protein 2 (PBP 2) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall. Inactivation of PBPs interferes with the cross-linkage of peptidoglycan chains necessary for bacterial cell wall strength and rigidity. This interrupts bacterial cell wall synthesis and results in the weakening of the bacterial cell wall and causes cell lysis. Given the fact that most beta-lactam penicillins bind almost exclusively to PBPs 1 and 3, amdinocillin is able to synergize with other penicillins in the treatment against bacterial infections.", "An amidinopenicillanic acid derivative with broad spectrum antibacterial action."]], ["Paclitaxel", "CC1=C2[C@H](C(=O)[C@@]3([C@H](C[C@@H]4[C@]([C@H]3[C@@H]([C@@](C2(C)C)(C[C@@H]1OC(=O)[C@@H]([C@H](C5=CC=CC=C5)NC(=O)C6=CC=CC=C6)O)O)OC(=O)C7=CC=CC=C7)(CO4)OC(=O)C)O)C)OC(=O)C", ["Taxol appears as needles (from aqueous methanol) or fine white powder. An anti-cancer drug.", "Paclitaxel is a tetracyclic diterpenoid isolated originally from the bark of the Pacific yew tree, Taxus brevifolia. It is a mitotic inhibitor used in cancer chemotherapy. Note that the use of the former generic name 'taxol' is now limited, as Taxol is a registered trade mark. It has a role as a microtubule-stabilising agent, a metabolite, a human metabolite and an antineoplastic agent. It is a tetracyclic diterpenoid and a taxane diterpenoid. It is functionally related to a baccatin III.", "Paclitaxel is a chemotherapeutic agent marketed under the brand name Taxol among others. Used as a treatment for various cancers, paclitaxel is a mitotic inhibitor that was first isolated in 1971 from the bark of the Pacific yew tree which contains endophytic fungi that synthesize paclitaxel. It is available as an intravenous solution for injection and the newer formulation contains albumin-bound paclitaxel marketed under the brand name Abraxane.", "Paclitaxel is a Microtubule Inhibitor. The physiologic effect of paclitaxel is by means of Microtubule Inhibition.", "Paclitaxel is an antineoplastic agent which acts by inhibitor of cellular mitosis and which currently plays a central role in the therapy of ovarian, breast, and lung cancer. Therapy with paclitaxel has been associated with a low rate of serum enzyme elevations, but has not been clearly linked to cases of clinically apparent acute liver injury.", "Paclitaxel is a natural product found in Taxomyces andreanae, Penicillium aurantiacobrunneum, and other organisms with data available.", "Nab-paclitaxel is a Cremophor EL-free, albumin-stabilized nanoparticle formulation of the natural taxane paclitaxel with antineoplastic activity. Paclitaxel binds to and stabilizes microtubules, preventing their depolymerization and so inhibiting cellular motility, mitosis, and replication. This formulation solubilizes paclitaxel without the use of the solvent Cremophor, thereby permitting the administration of larger doses of paclitaxel while avoiding the toxic effects associated with Cremophor.", "A cyclodecane isolated from the bark of the Pacific yew tree, TAXUS brevifolia. It stabilizes microtubules in their polymerized form leading to cell death.  ABI-007 (Abraxane) is the latest attempt to improve upon paclitaxel, one of the leading chemotherapy treatments. Both drugs contain the same active agent, but Abraxane is delivered by a nanoparticle technology that binds to albumin, a natural protein, rather than the toxic solvent known as Cremophor. It is thought that delivering paclitaxel with this technology will cause fewer hypersensitivity reactions and possibly lead to greater drug uptake in tumors. Paclitaxel is a mitotic inhibitor used in cancer chemotherapy. It was discovered in a US National Cancer Institute program at the Research Triangle Institute in 1967 when Monroe E. Wall and Mansukh C. Wani isolated it from the bark of the Pacific yew tree, Taxus brevifolia and named it taxol. Later it was discovered that endophytic fungi in the bark synthesize paclitaxel."]], ["Buspirone hydrochloride", "C1CCC2(C1)CC(=O)N(C(=O)C2)CCCCN3CCN(CC3)C4=NC=CC=N4.Cl", ["Buspirone hydrochloride is a hydrochloride salt resulting from the reaction of equimolar amounts of buspirone and hydrogen chloride. It has a role as an anxiolytic drug, an EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor, a sedative and a serotonergic agonist. It contains a buspirone(1+).", "Buspirone Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt of an anxiolytic agent chemically and pharmacologically unrelated to benzodiazepines, barbiturates, or other sedative/hypnotic drugs.  Although its exact mechanism of action is unknown, buspirone may exert its anti-anxiety effects via serotonin (5-HT1A) and dopamine receptors (D2) and may indirectly affect other neurotransmitter systems. Unlike typical benzodiazepine anxiolytics, this agent does not exert anticonvulsant or muscle relaxant effects and lacks prominent sedative effects.", "An anxiolytic agent and serotonin receptor agonist belonging to the azaspirodecanedione class of compounds. Its structure is unrelated to those of the BENZODIAZAPINES, but it has an efficacy comparable to DIAZEPAM."]], ["3-(2-amino-1-hydroxypropyl)phenol;(2R,3R)-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid", "CC(C(C1=CC(=CC=C1)O)O)N.[C@@H]([C@H](C(=O)O)O)(C(=O)O)O", ["A sympathomimetic agent that acts predominantly at alpha-1 adrenergic receptors. It has been used primarily as a vasoconstrictor in the treatment of HYPOTENSION."]], ["Dobutamine", "CC(CCC1=CC=C(C=C1)O)NCCC2=CC(=C(C=C2)O)O", ["Dobutamine is a catecholamine that is 4-(3-aminobutyl)phenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl group. A beta1-adrenergic receptor agonist that has cardiac stimulant action without evoking vasoconstriction or tachycardia, it is used as the hydrochloride to increase the contractility of the heart in the management of acute heart failure. It has a role as a cardiotonic drug, a sympathomimetic agent and a beta-adrenergic agonist. It is a secondary amine and a catecholamine.", "A beta-1 agonist catecholamine that has cardiac stimulant action without evoking vasoconstriction or tachycardia. It is proposed as a cardiotonic after myocardial infarction or open heart surgery.", "Dobutamine is a beta-Adrenergic Agonist. The mechanism of action of dobutamine is as an Adrenergic beta-Agonist.", "Dobutamine is a synthetic catecholamine with sympathomimetic activity. Dobutamine is a direct-acting inotropic agent and an adrenergic agonist that stimulates primarily the beta-1 adrenoceptor, with lesser effect on beta-2 or alpha receptors. Via beta-1 adrenoceptor of the heart, this agent induces positive inotropic effect with minimal changes in chronotropic activities or systemic vascular resistance. Dobutamine also causes vasodilation by stimulating beta-2 adrenergic receptors in blood vessels, augmented by reflex vasoconstriction resulting in increased cardiac output.", "A catecholamine derivative with specificity for BETA-1 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS. It is commonly used as a cardiotonic agent after CARDIAC SURGERY and during DOBUTAMINE STRESS ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY."]], ["Zipeprol", "COC(CN1CCN(CC1)CC(C(C2=CC=CC=C2)OC)O)C3=CC=CC=C3", ["Zipeprol is a benzyl ether."]], ["Ticarcillin", "CC1([C@@H](N2[C@H](S1)[C@@H](C2=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](C3=CSC=C3)C(=O)O)C(=O)O)C", ["Ticarcillin is a penicillin compound having a 6beta-[(2R)-2-carboxy-2-thiophen-3-ylacetyl]amino side-group. It has a role as an antibacterial drug. It is a penicillin and a penicillin allergen. It is a conjugate acid of a ticarcillin(2-).", "An antibiotic derived from penicillin similar to carbenicillin in action.", "Ticarcillin is a Penicillin-class Antibacterial.", "Ticarcillin is an extended-spectrum carboxypenicillin antibiotic and is used to treat moderate-to-severe infections due to susceptible organisms. Ticarcillin has been linked with idiosyncratic liver injury, but only rarely and as isolated case reports.", "Ticarcillin is a natural product found in Brassica napus and Apis cerana with data available.", "Ticarcillin is a broad-spectrum, semi-synthetic penicillin antibiotic with bactericidal activity. Similar to carbenicillin in action, ticarcillin inactivates the penicillin-sensitive transpeptidase C-terminal domain by opening the lactam ring. This inactivation prevents the cross-linkage of peptidoglycan strands, thereby inhibiting the third and last stage of bacterial cell wall synthesis. This leads to incomplete bacterial cell wall synthesis and eventually causes cell lysis.", "An antibiotic derived from penicillin similar to CARBENICILLIN in action."]], ["Camazepam", "CN1C2=C(C=C(C=C2)Cl)C(=NC(C1=O)OC(=O)N(C)C)C3=CC=CC=C3", ["Camazepam is a benzodiazepine.", "Camazepam is a benzodiazepine which is a dimethyl carbamate ester of tamzepam, a metabolite of diazepam. Similarly to other drugs in its class, it has antxiolytic, anticonvulsant, hypnotic, and skeletal muscle relaxant properties. However, unlike other benzodiapeines camazepam is predominantly anxiolytic and is relatively weak as an anticonvulsant, hypnotic and skeletal muscle relaxant.  Camazepam also has less side effects, such as impaired cognition and reaction times, compared to other benzodiazepines. However, impairment of cognition and disrupted sleep patterns will occur at doses higher than 40mg of carazepam. Camazepam is also believed to increase attention, and is associated with skin disorders.    In the United States camazepam is regulated as a Schedule IV controlled substance.", "Camazepam is a benzodiazepine which is a dimethyl carbamate ester of tamzepam, a metabolite of diazepam. Similarly to other drugs in its class, it has antxiolytic, anticonvulsant, hypnotic, and skeletal muscle relaxant properties. However, unlike other benzodiapeines camazepam is predominantly anxiolytic and is relatively weak as an anticonvulsant, hypnotic and skeletal muscle relaxant. Camazepam also has less side effects, such as impaired cognition and reaction times, compared to other benzodiazepines. However, impairment of cognition and disrupted sleep patterns will occur at doses higher than 40mg of carazepam.]Camazepam is also believed to increase attention, and is associated with skin disorders. In the United States camazepam is regulated as a Schedule IV controlled substance."]], ["Halofantrine", "CCCCN(CCCC)CCC(C1=C2C=CC(=CC2=C3C=C(C=C(C3=C1)Cl)Cl)C(F)(F)F)O", ["3-(dibutylamino)-1-[1,3-dichloro-6-(trifluoromethyl)-9-phenanthrenyl]-1-propanol is a member of phenanthrenes.", "Halofantrine is an antimalarial. It belongs to the phenanthrene class of compounds that includes quinine and lumefantrine. It appears to inhibit polymerisation of heme molecules (by the parasite enzyme \"heme polymerase\"), resulting in the parasite being poisoned by its own waste. Halofantrine has been shown to preferentially block open and inactivated HERG channels leading to some degree of cardiotoxicity.", "Halofantrine is an Antimalarial."]], ["Penbutolol", "CC(C)(C)NC[C@@H](COC1=CC=CC=C1C2CCCC2)O", ["Penbutolol is a member of ethanolamines.", "Penbutolol is a drug in the beta-blocker class used to treat hypertension. Penbutolol binds both beta-1 and beta-2 adrenergic receptors, rendering it a non-selective beta-blocker. Penbutolol can act as a partial agonist at beta adrenergic receptors, since it is a sympathomimetric drug. Penbutolol also demonstrates high binding affinity to the 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A with antagonistic effects. This binding characteristic of penbutolol is being investigated for its implications in Antidepressant Therapy. Penbutolol is contraindicated in patients with cardiogenic shock, sinus bradycardia, second and third degree atrioventricular conduction block, bronchial asthma, and those with known hypersensitivity.", "Penbutolol is a beta-Adrenergic Blocker. The mechanism of action of penbutolol is as an Adrenergic beta-Antagonist.", "Penbutolol is a nonselective beta-adrenergic receptor blocker (beta-blocker) used for the therapy of hypertension. Penbutolol has yet to be convincingly associated with clinically apparent liver injury.", "Penbutolol is a natural product found in Caenorhabditis elegans with data available.", "Penbutolol is a lipophilic, nonselective beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist with anti-anginal and antihypertensive activities. Penbutolol competitively binds to and blocks beta-1 adrenergic receptors in the heart, thereby decreasing cardiac contractility and rate. This leads to a reduction in cardiac output and lowers blood pressure. In addition, penbutolol prevents the release of renin, a hormone secreted by the kidneys that causes constriction of blood vessels.", "A nonselective beta-blocker used as an antihypertensive and an antianginal agent."]], ["Duranest", "CCC[NH+](CC)C(CC)C(=O)NC1=C(C=CC=C1C)C.[Cl-]", ["A local anesthetic with rapid onset and long action, similar to BUPIVACAINE."]], ["Adinazolam", "CN(C)CC1=NN=C2N1C3=C(C=C(C=C3)Cl)C(=NC2)C4=CC=CC=C4", ["Adinazolam is a triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepine having a dimethylaminomethyl group at the 1-position, a phenyl group at the 6-position and a chloro substituent at the 8-position. It has a role as a sedative, an anxiolytic drug, an anticonvulsant and an antidepressant.", "Adinazolam (Deracyn\u00ae) is a benzodiazepine derivative with anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, sedative, and antidepressant properties. Adinazolam was first developed to enhance the antidepressant effects of [alprazolam]. It has never been approved by the FDA for clinical use."]], ["Penbutolol sulfate", "CC(C)(C)NC[C@@H](COC1=CC=CC=C1C2CCCC2)O.CC(C)(C)NC[C@@H](COC1=CC=CC=C1C2CCCC2)O.OS(=O)(=O)O", ["Penbutolol sulfate is an ethanolamine sulfate salt. It has a role as a beta-adrenergic antagonist. It is functionally related to a penbutolol.", "Penbutolol Sulfate is the sulfate salt form of penbutolol, a lipophilic, nonselective beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist with anti-anginal and antihypertensive activities. Penbutolol competitively binds to and blocks beta-1 adrenergic receptors in the heart, thereby decreasing cardiac contractility and rate. This leads to a reduction in cardiac output and lowers blood pressure. In addition, bisoprolol prevents the release of renin, a hormone secreted by the kidneys that causes constriction of blood vessels.", "A nonselective beta-blocker used as an antihypertensive and an antianginal agent."]], ["Oxaprotiline", "CNCC(CC12CCC(C3=CC=CC=C31)C4=CC=CC=C24)O", ["Oxaprotiline is a norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor of the tetracyclic antidepressant family that is related to maprotiline. This drug was never marketed. Oxaprotiline is a racemic mixture of the isomers levoprotiline and dextroprotiline. Levoprotiline is the R or levo isomer of oxaprotiline (CGP-12,103-A). Dextroprotiline is the S or dextro isomer of oxaprotiline (CGP-12,104-A). Both enantiomers have antidepressant effects but levoprotiline also is an antihistamine and dextroprotiline has many other pharmacological actions."]], ["4-Hydroperoxycyclophosphamide", "C1COP(=O)(NC1OO)N(CCCl)CCCl", ["4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide is a phosphorodiamide that is the active metabolite of the nitrogen mustard cyclophosphamide. It has potent antineoplastic and immunosuppressive properties. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent, an immunosuppressive agent, an alkylating agent, a metabolite and a drug allergen. It is a phosphorodiamide, a nitrogen mustard, a peroxol and an organochlorine compound.", "Perfosfamide is the active metabolite of the nitrogen mustard cyclophosphamide with potent antineoplastic and immunosuppressive properties. Perfosfamide alkylates DNA, thereby inhibiting DNA replication and RNA and protein synthesis. (NCI04)"]], ["Guanadrel", "C1CCC2(CC1)OCC(O2)CN=C(N)N", ["Guanadrel is a spiroketal resulting from the formal condensation of the keto group of cyclohexanone with the hydroxy groups of 1-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)guanidine. A postganglionic adrenergic blocking agent formerly used (generally as the sulfate salt) for the management of hypertension, it has been largely superseded by other drugs less likely to cause orthostatic hypotension (dizzy spells on standing up or stretching). It has a role as an antihypertensive agent and an adrenergic antagonist. It is a member of guanidines and a spiroketal. It is a conjugate base of a guanadrel(1+).", "Guanadrel is an antihypertensive agent and postganglionic adrenergic blocking agent."]], ["Chromium chromate (H2CrO4)", "[O-][Cr](=O)(=O)[O-].[Cr+2]", ["Chromium chromate is a chemical compound of chromium. Hexavalent chromium refers to chemical compounds that contain the element chromium in the +6 oxidation state. Chromium(VI) is more toxic than other oxidation states of the chromium atom because of its greater ability to enter cells and higher redox potential. (L16)"]], ["Pyridoxal phosphate hydrate", "CC1=NC=C(C(=C1O)C=O)COP(=O)(O)O.O", ["Pyridoxal 5-phosphate monohydrate is a pyridinecarbaldehyde.", "Medicure's MC-1 drug is a cardio-protectant, designed to reduce the damage to the heart when arteries are blocked and when they are subsequently reopened after bypass surgery.", "Pyridoxal Phosphate is the active form of vitamin B6 and a coenzyme for many pyridoxal phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzymes. PLP is involved in numerous enzymatic transamination, decarboxylation and deamination reactions; it is necessary for the synthesis of amino acids and amino acid metabolites, and for the synthesis and/or catabolism of certain neurotransmitters, including the conversion of glutamate into gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and levodopa into dopamine. PLP can be used as a dietary supplement in cases of vitamin B6 deficiency. Reduced levels of PLP in the brain can cause neurological dysfunction.", "This is the active form of VITAMIN B 6 serving as a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, aminolevulinic acid. During transamination of amino acids, pyridoxal phosphate is transiently converted into pyridoxamine phosphate (PYRIDOXAMINE)."]], ["Carboplatinum", "C1CC(C1)(C(=O)O)C(=O)O.N.N.[Pt]", ["An organoplatinum compound that possesses antineoplastic activity."]], ["Ciclopirox olamine", "CC1=CC(=O)N(C(=C1)C2CCCCC2)O.C(CO)N", ["Ciclopirox Olamine is the olamine salt form of ciclopirox, a synthetic, broad-spectrum antifungal agent with additional antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities. Ciclopirox exerts its action by binding to and chelating trivalent cations, such as Fe3+ and Al3+, thereby inhibiting the availability of essential co-factors for enzymes. This may lead to a loss of activity of enzymes that are essential for cellular metabolism, organization of cell wall structure and other crucial cell functions. In addition, ciclopirox exerts its anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting 5-lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase (COX).", "A cyclohexane and pyridinone derivative that is used for the treatment of fungal infections of the skin and nails, and for treatment of VAGINAL YEAST INFECTIONS."]], ["Corgard", "CC(C)(C)NCC(COC1=CC=CC2=C1C[C@@H]([C@@H](C2)O)O)O", ["Nadolol is a nonselective beta adrenal receptor blocker that is used to lower blood pressure. Nonselective beta adrenal receptor blockers may no longer be first line in the treatment of hypertension as newer generations of beta adrenal receptor blockers have higher selectivity and offer better rates of adverse effects.  Nadolol was granted FDA approval on 10 December 1979.", "Nadolol is a beta-Adrenergic Blocker. The mechanism of action of nadolol is as an Adrenergic beta-Antagonist.", "Nadolol is a nonselective beta-adrenergic receptor blocker that is widely used for the therapy of hypertension, angina pectoris and vascular headaches. Nadolol has yet to be convincingly associated with clinically apparent liver injury.", "Nadolol is a non-selective beta-adrenergic antagonist with antihypertensive and antiarrhythmic activities. Nadolol competitively blocks beta-1 adrenergic receptors located in the heart and vascular smooth muscle, inhibiting the activities of the catecholamines epinephrine and norepinephrine and producing negative inotropic and chronotropic effects. This agent exhibits antiarrhythmic activity via the impairment of atrioventricular (AV) node conduction and a corresponding reduction in sinus rate. In the kidney, inhibition of the beta-2 receptor within the juxtaglomerular apparatus results in the inhibition of renin production and a subsequent reduction in angiotensin II and aldosterone levels, thus inhibiting angiotensin II-dependent vasoconstriction and aldosterone-dependent water retention.", "A non-selective beta-adrenergic antagonist with a long half-life, used in cardiovascular disease to treat arrhythmias, angina pectoris, and hypertension. Nadolol is also used for MIGRAINE DISORDERS and for tremor."]], ["Diltiazem", "CC(=O)O[C@@H]1[C@@H](SC2=CC=CC=C2N(C1=O)CCN(C)C)C3=CC=C(C=C3)OC", ["Diltiazem is a 5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetate in which both stereocentres have S configuration. A calcium-channel blocker and vasodilator, it is used as the hydrochloride in the management of angina pectoris and hypertension. It has a role as a calcium channel blocker, a vasodilator agent and an antihypertensive agent. It is a conjugate base of a diltiazem(1+). It is an enantiomer of an ent-diltiazem.", "Diltiazem is a benzothiazepine derivative with antihypertensive and vasodilating properties. Approved in 1982 by the FDA, it is a member of the non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers drug class. It works through various mechanisms of action, but it primarily works by inhibiting the calcium influx into cardiac and vascular smooth muscle during depolarization. Compared to dihydropyridine drugs, such as [nifedipine], that preferentially act on vascular smooth muscle and [verapamil] that directly acts on the heart muscle, diltiazem displays an intermediate specificity to target both the cardiac and vascular smooth muscle. Being a potent vasodilator, diltiazem is used clinically as an antihypertensive, anti-arrhythmic, and as an anti-anginal agent for the management of cardiovascular conditions such as hypertension, chronic stable angina, atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter. Apart from its main FDA-approved indications, diltiazem has also been used for numerous off-label indications, such as anal fissures (in topical formulations), migraine prophylaxis, pulmonary hypertension, and rest-related cramps in the lower extremities. Typically available in extended-release oral and intravenous formulations, diltiazem is marketed under various brand names with Cardizem and Tiazac being the most common ones.", "Diltiazem is a Calcium Channel Blocker. The mechanism of action of diltiazem is as a Calcium Channel Antagonist, and Cytochrome P450 3A4 Inhibitor.", "Diltiazem hydrochloride is a first generation calcium channel blocker that is widely used in the therapy of hypertension and angina pectoris. Diltiazem therapy is associated with serum enzyme elevations and has been linked to rare instances of clinically apparent liver injury.", "Diltiazem is a benzothiazepine derivative with anti-hypertensive, antiarrhythmic properties. Diltiazem blocks voltage-sensitive calcium channels in the blood vessels, by inhibiting the ion-control gating mechanisms, thereby preventing calcium levels increase by other revenues. Alternatively, it has been suggested that this agent also interferes with the release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum and inhibits the influx of extracellular calcium across both the myocardial and vascular smooth muscle cell membranes. The overall low calcium levels leads to dilatation of the main coronary and systemic arteries and decreasing myocardial contractility, decreased peripheral arterial resistance, improved oxygen delivery to the myocardial tissue, and decreased cardiac output.", "Diltiazem is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a benzothiazepine derivative with vasodilating action due to its antagonism of the actions of the calcium ion in membrane functions. It is also teratogenic. Possibly by deforming the channel, inhibiting ion-control gating mechanisms, and/or interfering with the release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, diltiazem, like verapamil, inhibits the influx of extracellular calcium across both the myocardial and vascular smooth muscle cell membranes. The resultant inhibition of the contractile processes of the myocardial smooth muscle cells leads to dilation of the coronary and systemic arteries and improved oxygen delivery to the myocardial tissue.", "A benzothiazepine derivative with vasodilating action due to its antagonism of the actions of CALCIUM ion on membrane functions."]], ["Nimustine", "CC1=NC=C(C(=N1)N)CNC(=O)N(CCCl)N=O", ["Nimustine is an organochlorine compound that is urea in which the two hydrogens on one of the amino groups are replaced by nitroso and 2-chloroethyl groups and one hydrogen from the other amino group is replaced by a 4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-ylmethyl] group. An antineoplastic agent especially effective against malignant brain tumors. It has a role as an alkylating agent and an antineoplastic agent. It is an organochlorine compound, an aminopyrimidine and a member of N-nitrosoureas. It is a conjugate base of a nimustine(1+).", "Nimustine has been used in trials studying the treatment of Glioblastoma.", "Nimustine is a nitrosourea with antineoplastic activity. Nimustine alkylates and crosslinks DNA, thereby causing DNA fragmentation, inhibition of protein synthesis, and cell death. (NCI05)", "Antineoplastic agent especially effective against malignant brain tumors. The resistance which brain tumor cells acquire to the initial effectiveness of this drug can be partially overcome by the simultaneous use of membrane-modifying agents such as reserpine, calcium antagonists such as nicardipine or verapamil, or the calmodulin inhibitor, trifluoperazine. The drug has also been used in combination with other antineoplastic agents or with radiotherapy for the treatment of various neoplasms."]], ["Levobunolol", "CC(C)(C)NC[C@@H](COC1=CC=CC2=C1CCCC2=O)O", ["Levobunolol is a cyclic ketone that is 3,4-dihydronaphthalen-1-one substituted at position 5 by a 3-(tert-butylamino)-2-hydroxypropoxy group (the S-enantiomer). A non-selective beta-adrenergic antagonist used (as its hydrochloride salt) for treatment of glaucoma. It has a role as an antiglaucoma drug and a beta-adrenergic antagonist. It is a propanolamine, a cyclic ketone and an aromatic ether. It is a conjugate acid of a levobunolol(1+). It derives from a hydride of a tetralin.", "A nonselective beta-adrenoceptor antagonist used in the treatment of glaucoma.", "Levobunolol is a beta-Adrenergic Blocker. The mechanism of action of levobunolol is as an Adrenergic beta-Antagonist.", "Levobunolol is a naphthalenone and non-cardioselective adrenergic beta-receptor antagonist with anti-glaucoma activity. Upon administration in the eye, levobunolol blocks beta-adrenergic receptors, thereby causing vasoconstriction. Levobunolol also decreases ciliary's body production of aqueous humor, leading to a decrease in aqueous humor.", "The L-Isomer of bunolol."]], ["Lonidamine", "C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C(=NN2CC3=C(C=C(C=C3)Cl)Cl)C(=O)O", ["Lonidamine is a member of the class of indazoles that is 1H-indazole that is substituted at positions 1 and 3 by 2,4-dichlorobenzyl and carboxy groups, respectively. It has a role as an antispermatogenic agent, an antineoplastic agent, a geroprotector and an EC 2.7.1.1 (hexokinase) inhibitor. It is a member of indazoles, a dichlorobenzene and a monocarboxylic acid.", "Lonidamine (LND) is a drug that interferes with energy metabolism of cancer cells, principally inhibiting aerobic glycolytic activity, by its effect on mitochondrially-bound hexokinase (HK). In such way LND could impair energy-requiring processes, as recovery from potentially lethal damage, induced by radiation treatment and by some cytotoxic drugs.", "Lonidamine is an indazole carboxylic acid derivative that exhibits radiosensitizing and antiparasitic effects and interferes with the multidrug resistance mechanism."]], ["Vecuronium bromide", "CC(=O)O[C@H]1C[C@@H]2CC[C@@H]3[C@@H]([C@]2(C[C@@H]1N4CCCCC4)C)CC[C@]5([C@H]3C[C@@H]([C@@H]5OC(=O)C)[N+]6(CCCCC6)C)C.[Br-]", ["Vecuronium bromide is the organic bromide salt of a 5alpha-androstane compound having 3alpha-acetoxy-, 17beta-acetoxy-, 2beta-piperidinino- and 16beta-N-methylpiperidinium substituents. It has a role as a nicotinic antagonist, a neuromuscular agent and a muscle relaxant. It is a quaternary ammonium salt and an organic bromide salt. It contains a vecuronium. It is functionally related to a 5alpha-androstane.", "Vecuronium Bromide is the bromide salt form of vecuronium, a synthetic steroid derivative of the naturally occurring alkaloids of curare with a muscle relaxant property. Vecuronium bromide competes with acetylcholine for the nicotinic receptors at the neuromuscular junction of skeletal muscles, thereby inhibiting the action of acetylcholine and blocking the neural transmission without depolarizing the postsynaptic membrane. This leads to skeletal muscle relaxation and paralysis.", "Monoquaternary homolog of PANCURONIUM. A non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent with shorter duration of action than pancuronium. Its lack of significant cardiovascular effects and lack of dependence on good kidney function for elimination as well as its short duration of action and easy reversibility provide advantages over, or alternatives to, other established neuromuscular blocking agents."]], ["Vecuronium", "CC(=O)O[C@H]1C[C@@H]2CC[C@@H]3[C@@H]([C@]2(C[C@@H]1N4CCCCC4)C)CC[C@]5([C@H]3C[C@@H]([C@@H]5OC(=O)C)[N+]6(CCCCC6)C)C", ["Vecuronium is a 5alpha-androstane compound having 3alpha-acetoxy-, 17beta-acetoxy-, 2beta-piperidino- and 16beta-N-methylpiperidinium substituents. It has a role as a nicotinic antagonist, a neuromuscular agent, a muscle relaxant and a drug allergen. It is an androstane, a quaternary ammonium ion and an acetate ester. It derives from a hydride of a 5alpha-androstane.", "Monoquaternary homolog of pancuronium. A non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent with shorter duration of action than pancuronium. Its lack of significant cardiovascular effects and lack of dependence on good kidney function for elimination as well as its short duration of action and easy reversibility provide advantages over, or alternatives to, other established neuromuscular blocking agents.", "Vecuronium is a Nondepolarizing Neuromuscular Blocker. The physiologic effect of vecuronium is by means of Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Blockade.", "Vecuronium is a natural product found in Bos taurus with data available.", "Vecuronium is a synthetic, intermediate-acting mono-quaternary steroid and non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent, with muscle relaxant activity. Vecuronium competitively binds to and blocks the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor at the neuromuscular junction, thereby preventing acetylcholine (ACh) binding and resulting in skeletal muscle relaxation and paralysis. Vecuronium has a shorter duration of action than pancuronium.", "Monoquaternary homolog of PANCURONIUM. A non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent with shorter duration of action than pancuronium. Its lack of significant cardiovascular effects and lack of dependence on good kidney function for elimination as well as its short duration of action and easy reversibility provide advantages over, or alternatives to, other established neuromuscular blocking agents."]], ["Cesamet", "CCCCCCC(C)(C)C1=CC(=C2C3CC(=O)CCC3C(OC2=C1)(C)C)O", ["Nabilone is an organic heterotricyclic compound and an organooxygen compound."]], ["Dexbudesonide", "CCC[C@@H]1O[C@@H]2C[C@H]3[C@@H]4CCC5=CC(=O)C=C[C@@]5([C@H]4[C@H](C[C@@]3([C@@]2(O1)C(=O)CO)C)O)C", ["Dexbudesonide is a 21-hydroxy steroid.", "A glucocorticoid used in the management of ASTHMA, the treatment of various skin disorders, and allergic RHINITIS."]], ["Carteolol hydrochloride", "CC(C)(C)NCC(COC1=CC=CC2=C1CCC(=O)N2)O.Cl", ["Carteolol Hydrochloride is a synthetic quinolinone derivative, antihypertensive Carteolol Hydrochloride is a nonselective beta-adrenoceptor blocking agent for beta-1 and beta-2 receptors with no membrane-stabilizing activity but moderate intrinsic sympathomimetic effects. It is used for treatment of hypertension and certain arrhythmias, and as an anti-angina and antiglaucoma agent. (NCI04)", "A beta-adrenergic antagonist used as an anti-arrhythmia agent, an anti-angina agent, an antihypertensive agent, and an antiglaucoma agent."]], ["Pinazepam", "C#CCN1C(=O)CN=C(C2=C1C=CC(=C2)Cl)C3=CC=CC=C3", ["Pinazepam is a benzodiazepine.", "Pinazepam (marketed under the brand name Domar and Duna) is a drug which is a benzodiazepine. It possesses anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, sedative and skeletal muscle relaxant properties."]], ["Etoperidone", "CCC1=NN(C(=O)N1CC)CCCN2CCN(CC2)C3=CC(=CC=C3)Cl", ["Etoperidone is a member of piperazines.", "Etoperidone is an atypical antidepressant introduced in Europe in 1977. It is a phenylpiperazine-substituted triazole derivative with a composition that classifies it as an analog of tradozone and presents a similar pharmacological profile. Etoperidone was developed by Angelini Francesco ACRAF."]], ["Pinaverium", "CC1(C2CCC(C1C2)CCOCC[N+]3(CCOCC3)CC4=CC(=C(C=C4Br)OC)OC)C", ["Pinaverium is a monoterpenoid.", "Pinaverium is a spasmolytic agent used for functional gastrointestinal disorders. It is a quaternary ammonium compound that acts as an atypical calcium antagonist to restore normal bowel function. It is shown to relieve GI spasm and pain, transit disturbances and other symptoms related to motility disorders and may be considered as effective first-lline therapy for patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Pinaverium bromide is the common ingredient in formulations, mostly as oral tablets. Although it is not a currently approved drug by the FDA, pinaverium is available in over 60 countries including Canada."]], ["Vindesine", "CC[C@@]1(C[C@@H]2C[C@@](C3=C(CCN(C2)C1)C4=CC=CC=C4N3)(C5=C(C=C6C(=C5)[C@]78CCN9[C@H]7[C@@](C=CC9)([C@H]([C@@]([C@@H]8N6C)(C(=O)N)O)O)CC)OC)C(=O)OC)O", ["Vindesine is a vinca alkaloid, a methyl ester, an organic heterotetracyclic compound, an organic heteropentacyclic compound, a tertiary alcohol, a tertiary amino compound and a primary carboxamide. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent. It is functionally related to a vincaleukoblastine.", "Vindesine is a synthetic derivative of vinblastine, a naturally occurring vinca alkaloid. Vindesine binds to and stabilizes tubulin, thereby interrupting tubulin polymerization and preventing the formation of the mitotic spindle and cell division; treated cells are unable to undergo mitosis and are arrested in metaphase. This agent also disrupts macromolecular synthesis. (NCI04)", "Vindesine Sulfate is the sulfate salt form of Vindesine.  Vindesine binds to and stabilizes tubulin, thereby interrupting tubulin polymerization and preventing the formation of the mitotic spindle and cell division; treated cells are unable to undergo mitosis and are arrested in metaphase. This agent also disrupts macromolecular synthesis. (NCI)", "Vindesine is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a vinblastine derivative with antineoplastic activity against cancer. Major side effects are myelosuppression and neurotoxicity. Vindesine is used extensively in chemotherapy protocols (antineoplastic combined chemotherapy protocols). Vindesine acts by causing the arrest of cells in metaphase mitosis through its inhibition tubulin mitotic funcitoning. The drug is cell-cycle specific for the S phase.", "Vinblastine derivative with antineoplastic activity against CANCER. Major side effects are myelosuppression and neurotoxicity. Vindesine is used extensively in chemotherapy protocols (ANTINEOPLASTIC COMBINED CHEMOTHERAPY PROTOCOLS)."]], ["Oxfendazole", "COC(=O)NC1=NC2=C(N1)C=C(C=C2)S(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3", ["Oxfendazole is a member of the class of benzimidazoles that is fenbendazole in which the sulfur has been oxidised to the corresponding sulfoxide. It has a role as an antinematodal drug. It is a sulfoxide, a member of benzimidazoles and a carbamate ester. It is functionally related to a fenbendazole.", "Oxfendazole is a sulfoxide metabolite of fenbendazole. This benzimidazole antihelminthic protects livestock from roundworm. strongyles, and pinworn."]], ["Nicardipine hydrochloride", "CC1=C(C(C(=C(N1)C)C(=O)OCCN(C)CC2=CC=CC=C2)C3=CC(=CC=C3)[N+](=O)[O-])C(=O)OC.Cl", ["Nicardipine hydrochloride is a dihydropyridine. It has a role as a geroprotector.", "Nicardipine Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of nicardipine, a synthetic derivative of nitrophenyl-pyridine and potent calcium channel blocker, Nicardipine (Nifedipine Family) blocks calcium ions from certain cell walls and inhibits contraction of coronary and peripheral arteries, resulting in lowered oxygen requirements for heart muscle and decreased arterial contraction and spasm. It is used clinically as a cerebral and coronary vasodilator. (NCI04)", "A potent calcium channel blockader with marked vasodilator action. It has antihypertensive properties and is effective in the treatment of angina and coronary spasms without showing cardiodepressant effects. It has also been used in the treatment of asthma and enhances the action of specific antineoplastic agents."]], ["Meglitinide", "COC1=C(C=C(C=C1)Cl)C(=O)NCCC2=CC=C(C=C2)C(=O)O", ["Meglitinide is a benzamide belonging to the meglitinide class of antidiabetic agents with hypoglycemic activity. Meglitinide represents the basic structure of the meglitinide-type agents and is not used therapeutically."]], ["Cefmetazole", "CN1C(=NN=N1)SCC2=C(N3[C@@H]([C@@](C3=O)(NC(=O)CSCC#N)OC)SC2)C(=O)O", ["Cefmetazole is a second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having N(1)-methyltetrazol-5-ylthiomethyl, {[(cyanomethyl)sulfanyl]acetyl}amino and methoxy side-groups at positions 3, 7beta and 7alpha respectively of the parent cephem bicyclic structure. It has a role as an antibacterial drug. It is a conjugate acid of a cefmetazole(1-).", "A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic with a broad spectrum of activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms. It has a high rate of efficacy in many types of infection and to date no severe side effects have been noted.", "Cefmetazole is a natural product found in Apis cerana with data available.", "Cefmetazole is a second-generation, semi-synthetic, beta-lactam cephalosporin antibiotic with antibacterial activity. Cefmetazole binds to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), transpeptidases that are responsible for crosslinking of peptidoglycan. By preventing crosslinking of peptidoglycan, cell wall integrity is lost and cell wall synthesis is halted.", "A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic with a broad spectrum of activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms. It has a high rate of efficacy in many types of infection and to date no severe side effects have been noted."]], ["Sitamaquine", "CCN(CC)CCCCCCNC1=CC(=CC2=C(C=CN=C12)C)OC", ["Sitamaquine (WR-6026) is an orally active 8-aminoquinoline analog in development by the Walter Reed Army Institute, in collaboration with GlaxoSmithKline (formerly SmithKline Beecham), for the potential treatment of visceral leishmaniasis."]], ["Idarubicin", "C[C@H]1[C@H]([C@H](C[C@@H](O1)O[C@H]2C[C@@](CC3=C2C(=C4C(=C3O)C(=O)C5=CC=CC=C5C4=O)O)(C(=O)C)O)N)O", ["Idarubicin is a monosaccharide derivative, an anthracycline antibiotic and a deoxy hexoside. It derives from a hydride of a tetracene.", "An orally administered anthracycline antineoplastic. The compound has shown activity against breast cancer, lymphomas and leukemias, together with the potential for reduced cardiac toxicity.", "Idarubicin is an Anthracycline Topoisomerase Inhibitor. The mechanism of action of idarubicin is as a Topoisomerase Inhibitor.", "Idarubicin is a semisynthetic 4-demethoxy analogue of the antineoplastic anthracycline antibiotic daunorubicin. Idarubicin intercalates into DNA and interferes with the activity of topoisomerase II, thereby inhibiting DNA replication, RNA transcription and protein synthesis. Due to its high lipophilicity, idarubicin penetrates cell membranes more efficiently than other anthracycline antibiotic compounds.", "An orally administered anthracycline antineoplastic. The compound has shown activity against BREAST NEOPLASMS; LYMPHOMA; and LEUKEMIA."]], ["Camostat monomethanesulfonate", "CN(C)C(=O)COC(=O)CC1=CC=C(C=C1)OC(=O)C2=CC=C(C=C2)[NH+]=C(N)N.CS(=O)(=O)[O-]", ["Camostat Mesylate is the mesylate salt form of camostat, an orally bioavailable, synthetic serine protease inhibitor, with anti-inflammatory, antifibrotic, and potential antiviral activities. Upon oral administration, camostat and its metabolite 4-(4-guanidinobenzoyloxyl)phenyl acetic acid (FOY 251) inhibit the activities of a variety of proteases, including trypsin, kallikrein, thrombin and plasmin, and C1r- and C1 esterases. Although the mechanism of action of camostat is not fully understood, trypsinogen activation in the pancreas is known to be a trigger reaction in the development of pancreatitis. Camostat blocks the activation of trypsinogen to trypsin and the inflammatory cascade that follows. Camostat may also suppress the expression of the cytokines interleukin-1beta (IL-1b), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), along with alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA). This reduces inflammation and fibrosis of the pancreas. In addition, camostat may inhibit the activity of transmembrane protease, serine 2 (TMPRSS2), a host cell serine protease that mediates viral cell entry for influenza virus and coronavirus, thereby inhibiting viral infection and replication."]], ["Eniluracil", "C#CC1=CNC(=O)NC1=O", ["Eniluracil is a pyrimidone.", "Eniluracil, which was previously under development by GlaxoSmithKline (GSK), is being developed by Adherex to enhance the therapeutic value and effectiveness of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), one of the world\u2019s most widely-used oncology agents.  5-FU is widely used in the U.S. and is often first or second line therapy for a variety of cancers including colorectal, breast, gastric, head and neck, ovarian and basal cell cancer of the skin. Eniluracil could improve 5-FU by increasing its effectiveness, reducing its side effects and/or making it orally available. Eniluracil has received Orphan Drug status from the FDA for the treatment of hepatocellular cancer in combination with fluoropyrimidines (including 5-FU).", "Eniluracil is an orally-active fluoropyrimidine analogue. Eniluracil inhibits dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase, the rate-limiting enzyme that catabolizes and inactivates 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in the liver. Co-administration of ethynyluracil permits the oral administration of 5-FU."]], ["Ceforanide", "C1C(=C(N2[C@H](S1)[C@@H](C2=O)NC(=O)CC3=CC=CC=C3CN)C(=O)O)CSC4=NN=NN4CC(=O)O", ["Ceforanide is a second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with {[1-(carboxymethyl)-1H-tetrazol-5-yl]sulfanyl}methyl and 2-(aminomethyl)phenylacetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. It is effective against many coliforms, including Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter and Proteus, and most strains of Salmonella, Shigella, Hemophilus, Citrobacter and Arizona species. It has a role as an antibacterial drug.", "Ceforanide is administered parenterally. It has a longer elimination half-life than any currently available cephalosporin. Its activity is very similar to that of cefamandole, another second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic, except that ceforanide is less active against most gram-positive organisms. Many coliforms, including Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, and Proteus, are susceptible to ceforanide, as are most strains of Salmonella, Shigella, Hemophilus, Citrobacter and Arizona species.", "Ceforanide is a natural product found in Apis cerana with data available.", "Ceforanide is a semi-synthetic, broad-spectrum, beta-lactam, second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with bactericidal activity. Ceforanide causes inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis by inactivating penicillin binding proteins (PBPs) thereby interfering with the final transpeptidation step required for cross-linking of peptidoglycan units which are a component of the cell wall. This results in a reduction of cell wall stability and causes cell lysis."]], ["Cefonicid", "C1C(=C(N2[C@H](S1)[C@@H](C2=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](C3=CC=CC=C3)O)C(=O)O)CSC4=NN=NN4CS(=O)(=O)O", ["Cefonicid is a cephalosporin bearing {[1-(sulfomethyl)-1H-tetrazol-5-yl]sulfanyl}methyl and (R)-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. It has a role as an antibacterial drug. It is a conjugate acid of a cefonicid(2-).", "A second-generation cephalosporin administered intravenously or intramuscularly. Its bactericidal action results from inhibition of cell wall synthesis. It is used for urinary tract infections, lower respiratory tract infections, and soft tissue and bone infections.", "Cefonicid is a natural product found in Bos taurus with data available.", "Cefonicid is a second-generation, semi-synthetic, beta-lactam cephalosporin antibiotic with antibacterial activity. Cefonicid binds to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), transpeptidases that are responsible for crosslinking of peptidoglycan. By preventing crosslinking of peptidoglycan, cell wall integrity is lost and cell wall synthesis is halted.", "A second-generation cephalosporin administered intravenously or intramuscularly. Its bactericidal action results from inhibition of cell wall synthesis. It is used for urinary tract infections, lower respiratory tract infections, and soft tissue and bone infections."]], ["Lipoxal", "C1CC[C@H]([C@@H](C1)[NH-])[NH-].C(=O)(C(=O)[O-])[O-].[Pt+4]", ["An organoplatinum complex in which the platinum atom is complexed with 1,2-diaminocyclohexane, and with an oxalate ligand which is displaced to yield active oxaliplatin derivatives. These derivatives form inter- and intra-strand DNA crosslinks that inhibit DNA replication and transcription. Oxaliplatin is an antineoplastic agent that is often administered with FLUOROURACIL and FOLINIC ACID in the treatment of metastatic COLORECTAL NEOPLASMS."]], ["Triciribine phosphate", "CN1C2=NC=NC3=C2C(=CN3[C@H]4[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O4)COP(=O)(O)O)O)O)C(=N1)N", ["Triciribine Phosphate is the phosphate salt of the synthetic, cell-permeable tricyclic nucleoside triciribine with potential antineoplastic activity. Triciribine inhibits the phosphorylation, activation, and signalling of Akt-1, -2, and -3, which may result in the inhibition of Akt-expressing tumor cell proliferation. Akts are anti-apoptotic serine/threonine-specific protein kinases that phosphorylate and inactivate components of the apoptotic machinery, including Bcl-xL/Bcl-2-associated death promoter (BAD) and caspase 9."]], ["Bopindolol", "CC1=CC2=C(N1)C=CC=C2OCC(CNC(C)(C)C)OC(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3", ["1-(tert-butylamino)-3-[(2-methyl-1H-indol-4-yl)oxy]propan-2-yl benzoate is a methylindole that is 2-methyl-1H-indol-4-ol in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group is replaced by a 2-(benzoyloxy)-3-(tert-butylamino)propyl group. It is a methylindole, a secondary amino compound, an aromatic ether and a benzoate ester.", "Bopindolol (INN) is an ester prodrug for the beta blocker [pindolol]."]], ["Progabide", "C1=CC(=CC=C1C(=NCCCC(=O)N)C2=C(C=CC(=C2)F)O)Cl", ["Progabide is a diarylmethane.", "Progabide is an analog and prodrug of gamma-aminobutyric acid. It is commonly used in the treatment of epilepsy. It has agonistic activity for both the GABAA and GABAB receptors. In clinical trials, progabide has been investigated for Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, clinical depression and anxiety disorder; its therapeutic effectiveness in these conditions is not fully elucidated."]], ["(6R,7R)-7-[[2-[(4-ethyl-2,3-dioxopiperazine-1-carbonyl)amino]-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetyl]amino]-3-[(1-methyltetrazol-5-yl)sulfanylmethyl]-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid", "CCN1CCN(C(=O)C1=O)C(=O)NC(C2=CC=C(C=C2)O)C(=O)N[C@H]3[C@@H]4N(C3=O)C(=C(CS4)CSC5=NN=NN5C)C(=O)O", ["(6R,7R)-7-[(2-{[(4-ethyl-2,3-dioxopiperazin-1-yl)(hydroxy)methylidene]amino}-1-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethylidene)amino]-3-{[(1-methyl-1H-1,2,3,4-tetrazol-5-yl)sulfanyl]methyl}-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid is a peptide."]], ["Lodoxamide", "C1=C(C=C(C(=C1NC(=O)C(=O)O)Cl)NC(=O)C(=O)O)C#N", ["Lodoxamide is an organooxygen compound and an organonitrogen compound. It is functionally related to an alpha-amino acid.", "Lodoxamide is a mast-cell stabilizer for topical administration into the eye. Mast-cell stabilizers, first one approved being cromolyn sodium, are used in treatment of ocular hypersensitivity reactions such as vernal conjunctivitis. These conditions often require treatment with anti-inflammatory medications such as ophthalmic NSAIDs or topical steroids which may cause systemic or toxic effects long-term. Although less effective than topical steroids at decreasing inflammation, mast-cell stabilizers offer another treatment option and exhibit minimal adverse effects. Lodoxamide is marketed under the brand name Alomide by Alcon.", "Lodoxamide is a Mast Cell Stabilizer. The physiologic effect of lodoxamide is by means of Decreased Histamine Release.", "Lodoxamide is a synthetic mast cell stabilizing compound with anti-inflammatory activity. Lodoxamide appears to inhibit the antigen-stimulated calcium transport across the mast cell membrane, thereby inhibiting mast cell degranulation and the release of histamine, leukotrienes, and other substances that cause hypersensitivity reactions. Lodoxamide also inhibits eosinophil chemotaxis. When applied topically to the eye, this drug prevents the symptoms associated with keratitis or conjunctivitis."]], ["O-Mustard", "C(CSCCCl)OCCSCCCl", ["This is a chemical weapon related to sulfur mustard (mustard gas) and is expected to react in a similar fashion. See the chemical datasheet for sulfur mustard for more information."]], ["Ethylmethylthiambutene", "CCN(C)C(C)C=C(C1=CC=CS1)C2=CC=CS2", ["Ethylmethylthiambutene is a heteroarene."]], ["1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-N-[(2,4-dichlorophenyl)methoxy]-2-imidazol-1-ylethanimine;nitric acid", "C1=CC(=C(C=C1Cl)Cl)CON=C(CN2C=CN=C2)C3=C(C=C(C=C3)Cl)Cl.[N+](=O)(O)[O-]", ["Oxiconazole Nitrate is the nitrate salt form of oxiconazole, a broad spectrum imidazole derivative with antifungal activity. Although the exact mechanism of action has yet to be fully elucidated, oxiconazole, like other azole antifungals, most likely inhibits the cytochrome P450-dependent demethylation of lanosterol. This prevents the synthesis of ergosterol which is a crucial component of fungal cell membrane. By disrupting fungal cell membrane synthesis and integrity, oxiconazole alters fungal cell membrane permeability, promotes loss of essential intracellular components and eventually inhibits fungal cell growth."]], ["Oltipraz", "CC1=C(SSC1=S)C2=NC=CN=C2", ["Oltipraz is a 1,2-dithiole that is 3H-1,2-dithiole-3-thione substituted at positions 4 and 5 by methyl and pyrazin-2-yl groups respectively. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent, an antimutagen, a protective agent, an antioxidant, an EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor, a schistosomicide drug, a neurotoxin and an angiogenesis modulating agent. It is a 1,2-dithiole and a member of pyrazines.", "Oltipraz has been used in trials studying the treatment and prevention of Lung Cancer, Liver Fibrosis, Liver Cirrhosis, and Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.", "Oltipraz is a synthetic dithiolethione with potential chemopreventive and anti-angiogenic properties. Oltipraz induces phase II detoxification enzymes, such as glutathione S transferase (GST) and NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1). The induction of detoxification enzymes enhances the detoxification of certain cancer-causing agents, thereby enhancing their elimination and preventing carcinogen-induced DNA damages. Although the exact mechanism through which the anti-angiogenesis effect remains to be fully elucidated, oltipraz maybe able to modulate the expression of a number of angiogenic factors, thereby blocking the sustained and focal neovascularization in multiple tumor cell types."]], ["Atracurium", "C[N+]1(CCC2=CC(=C(C=C2C1CC3=CC(=C(C=C3)OC)OC)OC)OC)CCC(=O)OCCCCCOC(=O)CC[N+]4(CCC5=CC(=C(C=C5C4CC6=CC(=C(C=C6)OC)OC)OC)OC)C", ["Atracurium is a diester compound consisting of pentane-1,5-diol with both hydroxyls bearing 3-[1-(3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-2-methyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolinium-2(1H)-yl]propanoyl groups. It has a role as a muscle relaxant and a nicotinic antagonist. It is a quaternary ammonium ion and a diester.", "A non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent with short duration of action. Its lack of significant cardiovascular effects and its lack of dependence on good kidney function for elimination provide clinical advantage over alternate non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents."]], ["Atracurium besylate", "C[N+]1(CCC2=CC(=C(C=C2C1CC3=CC(=C(C=C3)OC)OC)OC)OC)CCC(=O)OCCCCCOC(=O)CC[N+]4(CCC5=CC(=C(C=C5C4CC6=CC(=C(C=C6)OC)OC)OC)OC)C.C1=CC=C(C=C1)S(=O)(=O)[O-].C1=CC=C(C=C1)S(=O)(=O)[O-]", ["Atracurium besylate is the bisbenzenesulfonate salt of atracurium. It has a role as a nicotinic antagonist and a muscle relaxant. It is a quaternary ammonium salt and an organosulfonate salt. It contains an atracurium.", "A non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent with short duration of action. Its lack of significant cardiovascular effects and its lack of dependence on good kidney function for elimination provide clinical advantage over alternate non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents.", "Atracurium Besylate is a synthetic dibenzensulfonate derivative muscle relaxant, Atracurium Besylate acts as a non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent, with short to intermediary duration of action and no significant cardiovascular effects. Not dependent on kidney function for elimination, it provides clinical advantages over other non-depolarizing, neuromuscular blocking agents. (NCI04)", "A non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent with short duration of action. Its lack of significant cardiovascular effects and its lack of dependence on good kidney function for elimination provide clinical advantage over alternate non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents."]], ["Butoconazole nitrate", "C1=CC(=C(C(=C1)Cl)SC(CCC2=CC=C(C=C2)Cl)CN3C=CN=C3)Cl.[N+](=O)(O)[O-]", ["Butoconazole nitrate is an organic nitrate salt obtained by reaction of equimolar amounts of butaconazole and nitric acid. An antifungal agent, it is used in gynaecology for treatment of vulvovaginal infections caused by Candida species, particularly Candida albicans. It is an organic nitrate salt, an aryl sulfide, a member of imidazoles, an imidazole antifungal drug and a conazole antifungal drug. It contains a butoconazole(1+).", "Butoconazole nitrate is an antifungal prescription medicine approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis, which is an infection of the female vulva and vagina. Vulvovaginal candidiasis is a type of mucocutaneous candidiasis.", "Butoconazole Nitrate is the nitrate salt form of butaconazole, a synthetic imidazole derivative with fungistatic properties. Butoconazole nitrate interferes with steroid biosynthesis by inhibiting the conversion of lanosterol to ergosterol, thereby changing the fungal cell membrane lipid composition. This alters cell permeability and leads to growth inhibition. Butaconazole nitrate is active against many dermatophytes and yeasts. It also contains antibacterial effects against some gram-positive organisms."]], ["Butoconazole", "C1=CC(=C(C(=C1)Cl)SC(CCC2=CC=C(C=C2)Cl)CN3C=CN=C3)Cl", ["Butoconazole is a member of the class of imidazoles that is 1H-imidazole in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 4-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-[(2,6-dichlorophenyl)sulfanyl]butyl group. An antifungal agent, it is used as its nitrate salt in gynaecology for treatment of vulvovaginal infections caused by Candida species, particularly Candida albicans. It is a member of imidazoles, an aryl sulfide, a dichlorobenzene, a member of monochlorobenzenes, an imidazole antifungal drug and a conazole antifungal drug. It is a conjugate base of a butoconazole(1+).", "Butoconazole nitrate is an antifungal prescription medicine approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis, which is an infection of the female vulva and vagina. Vulvovaginal candidiasis is a type of mucocutaneous candidiasis.", "Butoconazole is an imidazole antifungal used in gynecology.", "Butoconazole is an Azole Antifungal.", "Butoconazole is a synthetic imidazole derivative with fungistatic properties. Butoconazole interferes with steroid biosynthesis by inhibiting the conversion of lanosterol to ergosterol, thereby changing the fungal cell membrane lipid composition. This alters cell permeability and leads to growth inhibition. Butaconazole nitrate is active against many dermatophytes and yeasts. It also contains antibacterial effects against some gram-positive organisms."]], ["Latamoxef", "CN1C(=NN=N1)SCC2=C(N3[C@@H]([C@@](C3=O)(NC(=O)C(C4=CC=C(C=C4)O)C(=O)O)OC)OC2)C(=O)O", ["Moxalactam is a broad-spectrum oxacephem antibiotic in which the oxazine ring is substituted with a tetrazolylthiomethyl group and the azetidinone ring carries methoxy and 2-carboxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido substituents. It has a role as an antibacterial drug. It is an oxacephem and a cephalosporin.", "Latamoxef is a broad- spectrum beta-lactam antibiotic similar in structure to the cephalosporins except for the substitution of an oxaazabicyclo moiety for the thiaazabicyclo moiety of certain cephalosporins. It has been proposed especially for the meningitides because it passes the blood-brain barrier and for anaerobic infections.", "Latamoxef is a natural product found in Apis cerana with data available.", "Moxalactam is a semisynthetic oxa-beta-lactam antibiotic, with antibacterial activity used mainly against gram-negative aerobic bacteria. Replacing the beta-lactam sulfur atom for an oxygen atom and the presence of the methyltetrazolethio moiety and the para-hydroxyphenylmalonyl group, increases the antibacterial activity of moxalactam. The 7-alpha-methoxy group and the para-hydroxyphenylmalonyl group increases the stability of this agent against beta-lactamases. The use of this agent has been associated with fatal bleeding events.", "Broad- spectrum beta-lactam antibiotic similar in structure to the CEPHALOSPORINS except for the substitution of an oxaazabicyclo moiety for the thiaazabicyclo moiety of certain CEPHALOSPORINS. It has been proposed especially for the meningitides because it passes the blood-brain barrier and for anaerobic infections."]], ["Nicorandil", "C1=CC(=CN=C1)C(=O)NCCO[N+](=O)[O-]", ["Nicorandil is a pyrimidinecarboxamide that is nicotinamide in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carboxamide nitrogen is replaced by a 2-(nitrooxy)ethyl group. It has both nitrate-like and ATP-sensitive potassium channel activator properties, and is used for the prevention and treatment of angina pectoris. It has a role as a vasodilator agent and a potassium channel opener. It is a pyridinecarboxamide and a nitrate ester. It is functionally related to a nicotinamide.", "Nicorandil is an orally efficacious vasodilatory drug and antianginal agent marketed in the UK, Australia, most of Europe, India, Philippines, Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan. It is not an approved drug by FDA. It is a niacinamide derivative that induces vasodilation of arterioles and large coronary arteries by activating potassium channels. It is often used for patients with angina who remain symptomatic despite optimal treatment with other antianginal drugs. Nicorandil is a dual-action potassium channel opener that relaxes vascular smooth muscle through membrane hyperpolarization via increased transmembrane potassium conductance and increased intracellular concentration of cyclic GMP. It is shown to dilate normal and stenotic coronary arteries and reduces both ventricular preload and afterload.", "Nicorandil is a niacinamide derivative, a plasma membrane adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-sensitive potassium (K+) (KATP) channel activator and a nitric oxide (NO) donor, with vasodilatory, antihypertensive and potential cardio- and lung-protective activities. Upon administration, nicorandil binds to and opens KATP channels, which causes relaxation of vascular smooth muscles, stimulates vasodilatation, reduces vasoresistance, decreases blood pressure and protects the myocardium against ischemia. In addition, nicorandil exerts nitrate-like properties, through the stimulation of guanylate cyclase, the downregulation of Rho-kinase activity and the further promotion of venous vasodilation. Although the mechanism of action has not been fully elucidated, nicorandil may exhibit protective activity against radiation-induced lung and heart toxicity, possibly by preventing both accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ROS-induced cellular damage.", "A derivative of the NIACINAMIDE that is structurally combined with an organic nitrate. It is a potassium-channel opener that causes vasodilatation of arterioles and large coronary arteries. Its nitrate-like properties produce venous vasodilation through stimulation of guanylate cyclase."]], ["Naftifine", "CN(C/C=C/C1=CC=CC=C1)CC2=CC=CC3=CC=CC=C32", ["Naftifine is a tertiary amine in which the nitrogen is substituted by methyl, alpha-naphthylmethyl, and (1E)-cinnamyl groups. It is used (usually as its hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of fungal skin infections. It has a role as an EC 1.14.13.132 (squalene monooxygenase) inhibitor and a sterol biosynthesis inhibitor. It is a member of naphthalenes, a tertiary amine and an allylamine antifungal drug.", "Naftifine is an Allylamine Antifungal.", "Naftifine is a topical, synthetic allylamine derivate similar to terbinafine with broad-spectrum antifungal activity. Naftifine can be fungicidal or fungistatic depending on the concentration and the organisms involved."]], ["Bicifadine", "CC1=CC=C(C=C1)C23CC2CNC3", ["Bicifadine (DOV-220075) is a nonopioid analgesic. It is an inhibitor of both the norepinephrine and serotonin transporters and an NMDA antagonist with a non-narcotic profile. Bicifadine was shown to have potent analgesic activity in vivo and was chosen for further development for the treatment of pain."]], ["Encainide", "CN1CCCCC1CCC2=CC=CC=C2NC(=O)C3=CC=C(C=C3)OC", ["Encainide is 4-Methoxy-N-phenylbenzamide in which the hydrogen at the 2 position of the phenyl group is substituted by a 2-(1-methylpiperidin-2-yl)ethyl group. A class Ic antiarrhythmic, the hydrochloride was used for the treatment of severe or life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias, but it was associated with increased death rates in patients who had asymptomatic heart rhythm abnormalities after a recent heart attack and was withdrawn from the market. It has a role as an anti-arrhythmia drug and a sodium channel blocker. It is a member of piperidines and a member of benzamides.", "All drug products containing encainide hydrochloride. Encainide hydrochloride, formerly marketed as Enkaid capsules, was associated with increased death rates in patients who had asymptomatic heart rhythm abnormalities after a recent heart attack. The manufacturer of Enkaid capsules voluntarily withdrew the product from the US market on December 16, 1991.", "All drug products containing encainide hydrochloride. Encainide hydrochloride, formerly marketed as Enkaid capsules, was associated with increased death rates in patients who had asymptomatic heart rhythm abnormalities after a recent heart attack. The manufacturer of Enkaid capsules voluntarily withdrew the product from the US market on December 16, 1991.", "One of the ANTI-ARRHYTHMIA AGENTS, it blocks VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS and slows conduction within the His-Purkinje system and MYOCARDIUM."]], ["Dioxaphetyl butyrate", "CCOC(=O)C(CCN1CCOCC1)(C2=CC=CC=C2)C3=CC=CC=C3", ["Dioxaphetyl butyrate is a diarylmethane."]], ["Talniflumate", "C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C(OC2=O)OC(=O)C3=C(N=CC=C3)NC4=CC=CC(=C4)C(F)(F)F", ["2-[3-(trifluoromethyl)anilino]-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid (3-oxo-1H-isobenzofuran-1-yl) ester is a member of benzofurans.", "Talniflumate, is an anti-inflammatory molecule studied and used as a mucin regulator in the treatment of cystic fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. In addition, it is used in inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis. Phase I trials with talniflumate for the treatment of cystic fibrosis and COPD were completed in August 2001, and phase II trials were performed in Ireland for the treatment of cystic fibrosis but this research has now been discontinued. Talniflumate has been approved for approximately 20 years in Argentina other countries (excluding the United States, Europe, and Japan)."]], ["Bepridil hydrochloride", "CC(C)COCC(CN(CC1=CC=CC=C1)C2=CC=CC=C2)N3CCCC3.Cl", ["Bepridil Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of bepridil, a calcium antagonist and class IV anti-arrhythmic agent. Bepridil hydrochloride blocks calcium entry through membranous calcium channels of coronary and peripheral vascular smooth muscle, thereby dilating coronary arteries and peripheral arterioles. This increases oxygen delivery and reduces oxygen requirements. This drug is used to treat chronic stable and variant angina pectoris.", "A long-acting calcium-blocking agent with significant anti-anginal activity. The drug produces significant coronary vasodilation and modest peripheral effects. It has antihypertensive and selective anti-arrhythmia activities and acts as a calmodulin antagonist."]], ["Pirnabine", "CC1CCC2=C(C1)C3=C(C=C(C=C3OC(=O)C)C)OC2(C)C", ["Pirnabine has been used in trials studying the treatment of Chronic Idiopathic Constipation."]], ["Pipecuronium", "CC(=O)O[C@H]1C[C@@H]2CC[C@@H]3[C@@H]([C@]2(C[C@@H]1N4CC[N+](CC4)(C)C)C)CC[C@]5([C@H]3C[C@@H]([C@@H]5OC(=O)C)N6CC[N+](CC6)(C)C)C", ["Pipecuronium is a steroid ester.", "Pipecuronium is a piperazinyl androstane derivative which is a non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent.", "A piperazinyl androstane derivative which is a non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent (NEUROMUSCULAR NONDEPOLARIZING AGENTS). It is used as a muscle relaxant during ANESTHESIA and surgical procedures."]], ["Triclabendazole", "CSC1=NC2=CC(=C(C=C2N1)Cl)OC3=C(C(=CC=C3)Cl)Cl", ["6-chloro-5-(2,3-dichlorophenoxy)-2-(methylthio)-1H-benzimidazole is an aromatic ether.", "Triclabendazole, manufactured by Novartis pharmaceuticals, is an antihelminthic drug that was approved by the FDA in February 2019 for the treatment of fascioliasis in humans.   Fascioliasis is a parasitic infection often caused by the helminth, Fasciola hepatica, which is also known as \u201cthe common liver fluke\u201d or \u201cthe sheep liver fluke\u201d or by Fasciola gigantica, another helminth. These parasites can infect humans following ingestion of larvae in contaminated water or food.    Triclabendazole was previously used in the treatment of fascioliasis in livestock, but is now approved for human use. This drug is currently the only FDA-approved drug for individuals with fascioliasis, which affects 2.4 million people worldwide.", "Triclabendazole is an Anthelmintic. The mechanism of action of triclabendazole is as a Cytochrome P450 2C19 Inhibitor, and Cytochrome P450 1A2 Inhibitor, and Cytochrome P450 2A6 Inhibitor, and Cytochrome P450 2B6 Inhibitor, and Cytochrome P450 2C8 Inhibitor, and Cytochrome P450 2C9 Inhibitor, and Cytochrome P450 2D6 Inhibitor, and Cytochrome P450 3A Inhibitor.", "Triclabendazole is an oral anthelmintic used in the treatment of chronic fascioliasis. Triclabendazole therapy is generally well tolerated but can be accompanied by abdominal pain, nausea and mild liver test abnormalities, which are probably due to the expulsion of dead or dying flukes rather than hepatic injury due to the therapy.", "Benzimidazole antiplatyhelmintic agent that is used for the treatment of FASCIOLIASIS and PARAGONIMIASIS."]], ["Amonafide", "CN(C)CCN1C(=O)C2=CC=CC3=CC(=CC(=C32)C1=O)N", ["5-amino-2-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]benzo[de]isoquinoline-1,3-dione is a member of isoquinolines.", "Amonafide is a substance that is being studied in the treatment of cancer. It belongs to the families of drugs called topoisomerase inhibitors and intercalating agents.", "Amonafide is an imide derivative of naphthalic acid.  Amonafide intercalates into DNA and inhibits topoisomerase II, resulting in protein-associated strand breaks and impaired DNA and RNA synthesis."]], ["Cimetidine hydrochloride", "CC1=C(N=CN1)CSCCNC(=NC)NC#N.Cl", ["A histamine congener, it competitively inhibits HISTAMINE binding to HISTAMINE H2 RECEPTORS. Cimetidine has a range of pharmacological actions. It inhibits GASTRIC ACID secretion, as well as PEPSIN and GASTRIN output."]], ["Alfentanil", "CCC(=O)N(C1=CC=CC=C1)C2(CCN(CC2)CCN3C(=O)N(N=N3)CC)COC", ["Alfentanil is a member of the class of piperidines that is piperidine having a 2-(4-ethyl-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-tetrazol-1-yl)ethyl group at the 1-position as well as N-phenylpropanamido- and methoxymethyl groups at the 4-position. It has a role as an opioid analgesic, a mu-opioid receptor agonist, an intravenous anaesthetic, a central nervous system depressant and a peripheral nervous system drug. It is a member of piperidines and a monocarboxylic acid amide.", "A short-acting opioid anesthetic and analgesic derivative of fentanyl. It produces an early peak analgesic effect and fast recovery of consciousness. Alfentanil is effective as an anesthetic during surgery, for supplementation of analgesia during surgical procedures, and as an analgesic for critically ill patients.", "Alfentanil is an Opioid Agonist. The mechanism of action of alfentanil is as a Full Opioid Agonist.", "Alfentanil is a synthetic short-acting opioid with analgesic and local anesthesia enhancing activity. Alfentanil primarily binds to mu-opioid receptor, a G-protein-coupled receptor, thereby mimicking the actions of morphine, the prototypical mu receptor agonist. This agent induces anti-nociception responses mediated through inhibiting the release of various neurotransmitters such as substance P, GABA, dopamine, acetylcholine and noradrenaline; in addition, the release of vasopressin, somatostatin, insulin and glucagon are also inhibited.", "A short-acting opioid anesthetic and analgesic derivative of fentanyl. It produces an early peak analgesic effect and fast recovery of consciousness. Alfentanil is effective as an anesthetic during surgery, for supplementation of analgesia during surgical procedures, and as an analgesic for critically ill patients. [PubChem]", "A short-acting opioid anesthetic and analgesic derivative of FENTANYL. It produces an early peak analgesic effect and fast recovery of consciousness. Alfentanil is effective as an anesthetic during surgery, for supplementation of analgesia during surgical procedures, and as an analgesic for critically ill patients."]], ["Bisantreno", "C1CN=C(N1)NN=CC2=C3C=CC=CC3=C(C4=CC=CC=C42)C=NNC5=NCCN5", ["Bisantrene is a hydrazone resulting from the formal condensation of both of the aldehyde groups of anthracene-9,10-dicarbaldehyde with 2-hydrazinyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent. It is a hydrazone, a member of imidazolidines and a member of anthracenes.", "Bisantrene is an anthracenyl bishydrazone with antineoplastic activity. Bisantrene intercalates with and disrupts the configuration of DNA, resulting in DNA single-strand breaks, DNA-protein crosslinking, and inhibition of DNA replication.  This agent is similar to doxorubicin in activity, but unlike doxorubicin, does not exhibit cardiotoxicity. (NCI04)"]], ["Aptazapine", "CN1CCN2C(C1)C3=CC=CN3CC4=CC=CC=C42", ["Aptazapine (CGS-7525A) was a tetracyclic antidepressant developed in the 1980s. Aptazapine had noradrenergic and specific serotonergic activity. It antagonised \u03b12 adrenergic receptors approximately 10 times more effectively than mianserin, antagonised 5-HT2 receptors, agonised H1 receptors, and did not affect reuptake of serotonin or norepinephrine. Although Aptazapine reached clinical trials, it was never marketed."]], ["Indecainide", "CC(C)NCCCC1(C2=CC=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C31)C(=O)N", ["Indecainide is a member of fluorenes.", "Indecainide is a rarely used antidysrhythmic. Indecainide has local anesthetic activity and belongs to the membrane stabilizing (Class 1) group of antiarrhythmic agents; it has electrophysiologic effects characteristic of the IC class of antiarrhythmics."]], ["Atropine, sulfate (2:1), dihydrate", "CN1C2CCC1CC(C2)OC(=O)C(CO)C3=CC=CC=C3.CN1C2CCC1CC(C2)OC(=O)C(CO)C3=CC=CC=C3.O.O.OS(=O)(=O)O", ["Hyoscyamine Sulfate is the sulfate salt of a belladonna alkaloid derivative and the levorotatory form of racemic atropine isolated from the plants Hyoscyamus niger or Atropa belladonna, which exhibits anticholinergic activity. Hyoscyamine functions as a non-selective, competitive antagonist of muscarinic receptors, thereby inhibiting the parasympathetic activities of acetylcholine on the salivary, bronchial, and sweat glands, as well as the eye, heart, bladder, and gastrointestinal tract. These inhibitory effects cause a decrease in saliva, bronchial mucus, gastric juices, and sweat. Furthermore, its inhibitory action on smooth muscle prevents bladder contraction and decreases gastrointestinal motility.", "The 3(S)-endo isomer of atropine."]], ["Haloperidol decanoate", "CCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC1(CCN(CC1)CCCC(=O)C2=CC=C(C=C2)F)C3=CC=C(C=C3)Cl", ["Haloperidol decanoate is an organic molecular entity.", "Haloperidol Decanoate is the decanoate ester of haloperidol, a phenylbutylpiperadine derivative with antipsychotic, neuroleptic and antiemetic effects. Haloperidol competitively blocks postsynaptic dopamine (D2) receptors in the mesolimbic system of the brain leading to anti-delusionary and anti-hallucinogenic effects. The antagonistic activity mediated through D2 dopamine receptors in the chemoreceptive trigger zone (CTZ) account for its antiemetic activity."]], ["Tolrestat", "CN(CC(=O)O)C(=S)C1=CC=CC2=C1C=CC(=C2C(F)(F)F)OC", ["Tolrestat is a member of naphthalenes. It has a role as an EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor.", "Tolrestat (INN) (AY-27773) is an aldose reductase inhibitor which was approved for the control of certain diabetic complications. While it was approved for marketed in several countries, it failed a Phase III trial in the U.S. due to toxicity and never received FDA approval. It was sold under the tradename Alredase but was discontinued by Wyeth in 1997 because of the risk of severe liver toxicity and death."]], ["Enoximone", "CC1=C(NC(=O)N1)C(=O)C2=CC=C(C=C2)SC", ["Enoximone is an aromatic ketone.", "Enoximone is a selective phosphodiesterase inhibitor with vasodilating and positive inotropic activity that does not cause changes in myocardial oxygen consumption. It is used in patients with congestive heart failure. Trials were halted in the U.S., but the drug is used in various countries.", "A selective phosphodiesterase inhibitor with vasodilating and positive inotropic activity that does not cause changes in myocardial oxygen consumption. It is used in patients with CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE."]], ["Stepronin", "CC(C(=O)NCC(=O)O)SC(=O)C1=CC=CS1", ["Stepronin is a N-acyl-amino acid.", "Strepronin is a mucolytic drug. A mucolytic agent is any agent which dissolves thick mucus usually used to help relieve respiratory difficulties. The viscosity of mucous secretions in the lungs is dependent upon the concentrations of mucoprotein as well as the presence of disulfide bonds between these macromolecules and DNA."]], ["Amorolfine", "CCC(C)(C)C1=CC=C(C=C1)CC(C)CN2C[C@H](O[C@H](C2)C)C", ["Amorolfine is a member of the class of morpholines that is cis-2,6-dimethylmorpholine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a racemic 2-methyl-3-[p-(2-methylbutan-2-yl)phenyl]propyl group. An inhibitor of the action of squalene monooxygenase, Delta(14) reductase and D7-D8 isomerase and an antifungal agent, it is used (generally as its hydrochloride salt) for the topical treatment of fungal nail and skin infections. It has a role as an EC 1.14.13.132 (squalene monooxygenase) inhibitor, an EC 5.3.3.5 (cholestenol Delta-isomerase) inhibitor and an EC 1.3.1.70 (Delta(14)-sterol reductase) inhibitor. It is a tertiary amino compound and a morpholine antifungal drug. It is a conjugate acid of an amorolfine(1+).", "Amorolfine or amorolfin, is a morpholine antifungal drug that inhibits the fungal enzymes D14 reductase and D7-D8 isomerase. This inhibition affects fungal sterol synthesis pathways, depleting ergosterol and causing ignosterol to accumulate in the fungal cytoplasmic cell membranes. Amorolfine is marketed as Curanail, Loceryl, Locetar, and Odenil. It is available in the form of a 5% amorolfine nail lacquer used to treat onychomycosis (fungal infection of the toe- and fingernails). Amorolfine 5% nail lacquer in once or twice weekly applications is 60-71% effective in treating toenail onychomycosis; complete cure rates three months after stopping treatment (after six months of treatment) were 38-46%. However, full experimental details of these trials were not available and since they were first reported in 1992 there have been no subsequent trials.  It is a topical solution for the treatment of toenail infections. Systemic treatments may be considered more effective.  It is approved for sale over the counter in Australia and the UK (recently re-classified to over the counter status), and is approved for the treatment of toenail fungus by prescription in other countries. It is not approved for the treatment of onychomycosis in the United States or Canada.", "Amorolfine is a morpholine antifungal agent for topical use. Amorolfine inhibits delta-14-reductase and delta-7,8-isomerase, which depletes ergosterol and causes ignosterol to accumulate in the fungal cytoplasmic cell membrane."]], ["Monuril", "C[C@H]1[C@H](O1)P(=O)(O)[O-].C(C(CO)(CO)[NH3+])O", ["An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces fradiae."]], ["Piritrexim", "CC1=C2C(=NC(=NC2=NC=C1CC3=C(C=CC(=C3)OC)OC)N)N", ["Piritrexim has been used in trials studying the treatment of Bladder Cancer, Urethral Cancer, and Transitional Cell Cancer of the Renal Pelvis and Ureter.", "Piritrexim is a synthetic antifolate agent with antiparasitic, antipsoriatic and antitumor properties. Piritrexim inhibits the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase enzyme, thereby disrupting folate metabolism and DNA synthesis and cell division. (NCI04)"]], ["Levocabastine", "C[C@@H]1CN(CC[C@@]1(C2=CC=CC=C2)C(=O)O)C3CCC(CC3)(C#N)C4=CC=C(C=C4)F", ["Levocabastine is a member of piperidines.", "Levocabastine is a selective second-generation H1-receptor antagonist used for allergic conjunctivitis. Levocabastine was discovered at Janssen Pharmaceutica in 1979.", "Levocabastine is a synthetic piperidine derivative with antihistamine properties. Levocabastine is a second generation histamine-1 receptor antagonist. When applied locally into the eye as a topical solution, this agent reduces itching, rhinorrhea and symptoms of allergic rhinitis or conjunctivitis."]], ["Idazoxan", "C1CN=C(N1)C2COC3=CC=CC=C3O2", ["Idazoxan is a benzodioxine that is 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxine in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 has been replaced by a 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl group. It has a role as an alpha-adrenergic antagonist. It is a benzodioxine and a member of imidazolines.", "Idazoxan has been used in trials studying the basic science of Molecular Imaging, Alzheimer Disease, and Major Depressive Disorder.", "A benzodioxane-linked imidazole that has alpha-2 adrenoceptor antagonist activity."]], ["Remoxipride", "CCN1CCC[C@H]1CNC(=O)C2=C(C=CC(=C2OC)Br)OC", ["3-bromo-N-[[(2S)-1-ethyl-2-pyrrolidinyl]methyl]-2,6-dimethoxybenzamide is a dimethoxybenzene.", "Remoxipride is an atypical antipsychotic agent that is specific for dopamine D2 receptors. It gained approval in the UK in 1989 but was withdrawn in 1993 after it was found to be associated with an increased incidence of aplastic anemia.", "An antipsychotic agent that is specific for dopamine D2 receptors. It has been shown to be effective in the treatment of schizophrenia."]], ["Balsalazide", "C1=CC(=CC=C1C(=O)NCCC(=O)O)N=NC2=CC(=C(C=C2)O)C(=O)O", ["Balsalazide is a monohydroxybenzoic acid consisting of 5-aminosalicylic acid (mesalazine) linked to 4-aminobenzoyl-beta-alanine via an azo bond. It has a role as a prodrug, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, an anti-ulcer drug and a gastrointestinal drug. It is a conjugate acid of a balsalazide(2-).", "Balsalazide is an anti-inflammatory drug used in the treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. It is sold under the name \"Colazal\" in the US and \"Colazide\" in the UK.  The chemical name is (E)-5-[[-4-(2-carboxyethyl) aminocarbonyl] phenyl]azo] -2-hydroxybenzoic acid. It is usually administered as the disodium salt.  Balsalazide works by deliverying mesalazine to the large intestine to act directly on ulcerative colitis. Mesalazine is also known as 5-aminosalicylic acid, or 5-ASA.", "Balsalazide is an Aminosalicylate."]], ["Prevpac", "CC[C@@H]1[C@@]([C@@H]([C@H](C(=O)[C@@H](C[C@@]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](C(=O)O1)C)OC2CC(C(C(O2)C)O)(C)OC)C)OC3C(C(CC(O3)C)N(C)C)O)(C)OC)C)C)O)(C)O", ["Clarithromycin is an antibacterial prescription medicine approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat certain bacterial infections, such as community-acquired pneumonia, throat infections (pharyngitis), acute sinus infections, and others. Clarithromycin is also FDA-approved to both prevent and treat Mycobacterium Avium complex (MAC) infection, another type of bacterial infection."]], ["Bambuterol", "CC(C)(C)NCC(C1=CC(=CC(=C1)OC(=O)N(C)C)OC(=O)N(C)C)O", ["Bambuterol is a carbamate ester that is terbutaline in which both of the phenolic hydroxy groups have been protected as the corresponding N,N-dimethylcarbamates. A long acting beta-adrenoceptor agonist used in the treatment of asthma, it is a prodrug for terbutaline. It has a role as a beta-adrenergic agonist, a prodrug, a bronchodilator agent, an anti-asthmatic drug, an EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor, a sympathomimetic agent and a tocolytic agent. It is a carbamate ester and a member of phenylethanolamines. It is functionally related to a terbutaline.", "Bambuterol is a long acting beta-adrenoceptor agonist used in the treatment of asthma. It is a prodrug of terbutaline."]], ["CID 55185", "CC[C@@H]1[C@@]([C@@H]([C@H](N(C[C@@H](C[C@@]([C@@H](C([C@@H]([C@H](C(=O)O1)C)O[C@H]2C[C@@]([C@H]([C@@H](O2)C)O)(C)OC)C)O[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@H](C[C@H](O3)C)N(C)C)O)(C)O)C)C)C)O)(C)O", ["A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic structurally related to ERYTHROMYCIN. It has been used in the treatment of Mycobacterium avium intracellulare infections, toxoplasmosis, and cryptosporidiosis."]], ["Gepirone", "CC1(CC(=O)N(C(=O)C1)CCCCN2CCN(CC2)C3=NC=CC=N3)C", ["Gepirone is a N-arylpiperazine.", "Gepirone has been used in trials studying the treatment of Cocaine-Related Disorders."]], ["Tucaresol", "C1=CC(=C(C(=C1)OCC2=CC=C(C=C2)C(=O)O)C=O)O", ["Tucaresol has been used in trials studying the treatment of HIV Infections."]], ["Mifepristone", "CC#C[C@@]1(CC[C@@H]2[C@@]1(C[C@@H](C3=C4CCC(=O)C=C4CC[C@@H]23)C5=CC=C(C=C5)N(C)C)C)O", ["Mifepristone is a 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid, an acetylenic compound and a tertiary amino compound. It has a role as an abortifacient, a contraceptive drug, a synthetic oral contraceptive and a hormone antagonist. It derives from a hydride of an estrane.", "Mifepristone is a progestational and glucocorticoid hormone antagonist. Its inhibition of progesterone induces bleeding during the luteal phase and in early pregnancy by releasing endogenous prostaglandins from the endometrium or decidua. As a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, the drug has been used to treat hypercortisolism in patients with nonpituitary cushing syndrome. The two marketed forms of mifepristone are Mifeprex\u00ae (mifepristone 200mg) and Korlym\u2122 (mifepristone 300mg). Currently under investigation for use in psychotic depression (phase 3 trials).", "Mifepristone is a Progestin Antagonist. The mechanism of action of mifepristone is as a Progestational Hormone Receptor Antagonist.", "Mifepristone, also known as RU-486, is a potent synthetic steroidal antiprogesterone which is used as a single dose in combination with misoprostol, a prostaglandin analogue, to induce medical abortion. Mifepristone with misoprostol have not been associated with serum enzyme elevations or with clinically apparent liver injury.", "Mifepristone is a derivative of the synthetic progestin norethindrone with antiprogesterone activity. Mifepristone competitively binds to the progesterone receptor, resulting in inhibition of the effects of endogenous or exogenous progesterone. This agent also exhibits antiglucocorticoid and weak antiandrogenic activities.", "A progestational and glucocorticoid hormone antagonist. Its inhibition of progesterone induces bleeding during the luteal phase and in early pregnancy by releasing endogenous prostaglandins from the endometrium or decidua. As a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, the drug has been used to treat hypercortisolism in patients with nonpituitary cushing syndrome [PubChem]. The two marketed forms of mifepristone are Mifeprex&#174; (mifepristone 200mg) and Korlym&#8482; (mifepristone 300mg). Currently under investigation for use in psychotic depression (phase 3 trials). ", "A progestational and glucocorticoid hormone antagonist. Its inhibition of progesterone induces bleeding during the luteal phase and in early pregnancy by releasing endogenous prostaglandins from the endometrium or decidua. As a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, the drug has been used to treat hypercortisolism in patients with nonpituitary CUSHING SYNDROME."]], ["Netivudine", "CC#CC1=CN(C(=O)NC1=O)[C@H]2[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O2)CO)O)O", ["Netivudine has been used in trials studying the treatment of Chickenpox and HIV Infections."]], ["Itraconazole", "CCC(C)N1C(=O)N(C=N1)C2=CC=C(C=C2)N3CCN(CC3)C4=CC=C(C=C4)OC[C@H]5CO[C@](O5)(CN6C=NC=N6)C7=C(C=C(C=C7)Cl)Cl", ["Itraconazole is an N-arylpiperazine that is cis-ketoconazole in which the imidazol-1-yl group is replaced by a 1,2,4-triazol-1-yl group and in which the actyl group attached to the piperazine moiety is replaced by a p-[(+-)1-sec-butyl-5-oxo-1,5-dihydro-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl]phenyl group. A potent P-glycoprotein and CYP3A4 inhibitor, it is used as an antifungal drug for the treatment of various fungal infections, including aspergillosis, blastomycosis, candidiasis, chromoblastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis, cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis, and sporotrichosis. It has a role as a P450 inhibitor, an EC 3.6.3.44 (xenobiotic-transporting ATPase) inhibitor and a Hedgehog signaling pathway inhibitor. It is a member of triazoles, a dioxolane, a N-arylpiperazine, a dichlorobenzene, a cyclic ketal, a conazole antifungal drug, a triazole antifungal drug and an aromatic ether.", "Itraconazole is an antifungal prescription medicine approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of certain fungal infections, such as:", "One of the triazole antifungal agents that inhibits cytochrome P-450-dependent enzymes resulting in impairment of ergosterol synthesis.  It has been used against histoplasmosis, blastomycosis, cryptococcal meningitis & aspergillosis.", "Itraconazole is an Azole Antifungal. The mechanism of action of itraconazole is as a Cytochrome P450 3A4 Inhibitor, and P-Glycoprotein Inhibitor, and Breast Cancer Resistance Protein Inhibitor.", "Itraconazole is a orally administered, triazole antifungal agent used in the treatment of systemic and superficial fungal infections. Itraconazole therapy is associated with transient, mild-to-moderate serum elevations and can lead to clinically apparent acute drug induced liver injury.", "Itraconazole is a synthetic triazole agent with antimycotic properties. Formulated for both topical and systemic use, itraconazole preferentially inhibits fungal cytochrome P450 enzymes, resulting in a decrease in fungal ergosterol synthesis.  Because of its low toxicity profile, this agent can be used for long-term maintenance treatment of chronic fungal infections. (NCI04)", "Itraconazole is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is one of the triazole antifungal agents that inhibits cytochrome P-450-dependent enzymes resulting in impairment of ergosterol synthesis. It has been used against histoplasmosis, blastomycosis, cryptococcal meningitis & aspergillosis. [PubChem]Itraconazole interacts with 14-alpha demethylase, a cytochrome P-450 enzyme necessary to convert lanosterol to ergosterol. As ergosterol is an essential component of the fungal cell membrane, inhibition of its synthesis results in increased cellular permeability causing leakage of cellular contents. Itraconazole may also inhibit endogenous respiration, interact with membrane phospholipids, inhibit the transformation of yeasts to mycelial forms, inhibit purine uptake, and impair triglyceride and/or phospholipid biosynthesis.", "A triazole antifungal agent that inhibits cytochrome P-450-dependent enzymes required for ERGOSTEROL synthesis."]], ["Dotarizine", "C1CN(CCN1CCCC2(OCCO2)C3=CC=CC=C3)C(C4=CC=CC=C4)C5=CC=CC=C5", ["Dotarizine is an N-alkylpiperazine in which the two amino hydrogens of piperazine have been replaced by diphenylmethyl and 3-(2-phenyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)propyl groups. A calcium channel blocker and serotonin (5-HT2) receptor antagonist used in the treatment of migraine. It has a role as a calcium channel blocker, a serotonergic antagonist and a vasodilator agent. It is a N-alkylpiperazine, a dioxolane and a cyclic ketal."]], ["Gusperimus trihydrochloride", "C(CCCN=C(N)N)CCC(=O)NC(C(=O)NCCCCNCCCN)O.Cl.Cl.Cl", ["Gusperimus hydrochloride is a N-acyl-amino acid.", "Gusperimus Trihydrochloride is a derivative of the antitumor antibiotic spergualin with immunosuppressant activity.  Gusperimus inhibits the interleukin-2-stimulated maturation of T cells to the S and G2/M phases and the polarization of the T cells into IFN-gamma-secreting Th1 effector T cells, resulting in the inhibition of growth of activated naive CD4 T cells; this agent may suppress growth of certain T-cell leukemia cell lines. (NCI04)"]], ["Gusperimus", "C(CCCN=C(N)N)CCC(=O)NC(C(=O)NCCCCNCCCN)O", ["Gusperimus is a N-acyl-amino acid.", "Gusperimus has been used in trials studying the treatment of Lupus Nephritis, Wegeners Granulomatosis, and Wegener's Granulomatosis."]], ["Magnevist", "CNC[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](CO)O)O)O)O.CNC[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](CO)O)O)O)O.C(CN(CC(=O)O)CC(=O)[O-])N(CCN(CC(=O)O)CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-].[Gd+3]", ["Gadopentetate dimeglumine is a gadolinium coordination entity. It has a role as a MRI contrast agent. It contains a gadopentetate.", "A complex of gadolinium with a chelating agent, diethylenetriamine penta-acetic acid (DTPA see PENTETIC ACID), that is given to enhance the image in cranial and spinal MRIs. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p706)"]], ["Lavoltidine", "CN1C(=NC(=N1)CO)NCCCOC2=CC=CC(=C2)CN3CCCCC3", ["Loxtidine is a triazole that consists of 1,2,4-triazole bearing a methyl substituent at position 1, a hydroxymethyl substituent at position 3 and a {3-[3-(piperidin-1-ylmethyl)phenoxy]propyl}amino group at position 5. A highly potent and selective H2-receptor antagonist. It has a role as a H2-receptor antagonist. It is a member of triazoles, a member of piperidines, an aromatic ether and a primary alcohol.", "Lavoltidine has been used in trials studying the diagnostic of Reflux, Gastroesophageal and Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease."]], ["(1R)-2-(aminomethyl)-N,N-diethyl-1-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxamide", "CCN(CC)C(=O)[C@@]1(CC1CN)C2=CC=CC=C2", ["The (1S,2R)-isomer of milnacipran that is used for the treatment of MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER."]], ["Dopexamine", "C1=CC=C(C=C1)CCNCCCCCCNCCC2=CC(=C(C=C2)O)O", ["Dopexamine is a catecholamine.", "Dopexamine has been used in trials studying the diagnostic and treatment of Free Flap, Oral Cancer, Hypotension, Septic Shock, and Head and Neck Cancer."]], ["Spiradoline", "CN([C@H]1CC[C@@]2(CCCO2)C[C@@H]1N3CCCC3)C(=O)CC4=CC(=C(C=C4)Cl)Cl", ["Spiradoline has been investigated for the basic science of Bipolar Depression."]], ["Fosinopril", "CCC(=O)OC(C(C)C)OP(=O)(CCCCC1=CC=CC=C1)CC(=O)N2C[C@@H](C[C@H]2C(=O)O)C3CCCCC3", ["Fosinopril is a phosphinate ester-containing N-acyl derivative of (4S)-cyclohexyl-L-proline. It is used for the treatment of hypertension and heart failure. A pro-drug, it is hydrolysed in vivo to the corresponding phosphininc acid, fosinoprilat, which is the active metabolite. It has a role as an EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor, a prodrug and an antihypertensive agent. It is a phosphinic ester and a L-proline derivative. It is functionally related to a fosinoprilat. It is a conjugate acid of a fosinopril(1-).", "Fosinopril is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor used in the therapy of hypertension and heart failure. Fosinopril is associated with a low rate of transient serum aminotransferase elevations during therapy and has been linked to rare instances of acute liver injury.", "Fosinopril is a phosphinic acid-containing angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor with antihypertensive activity. As an ester prodrug, fosinopril is hydrolysed by esterases to its active metabolite fosinoprilat. Fosinoprilat specifically and competitively inhibits angiotensin-converting enzyme thereby decreasing the formation of the potent vasoconstrictor angiotensin II, resulting in diminished vasopressor activity. In addition, angiotensin II-mediated aldosterone secretion by adrenal cortex is decreased, which results in a decrease of sodium retention and an increase in water outflow.", "A phosphinic acid-containing angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor that is effective in the treatment of hypertension. It is a prodrug that is converted to its active metabolite fosinoprilat."]], ["Fareston", "CN(C)CCOC1=CC=C(C=C1)C(=C(CCCl)C2=CC=CC=C2)C3=CC=CC=C3.C(C(=O)O)C(CC(=O)O)(C(=O)O)O", ["A first generation selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM). Like TAMOXIFEN, it is an estrogen agonist for bone tissue and cholesterol metabolism but is antagonistic on mammary and uterine tissue."]], ["Detomidine", "CC1=C(C(=CC=C1)CC2=CN=CN2)C", ["Detomidine is an \u03b12-adrenergic agonist that is used as a horse sedative. Normally, it is administered in the salt form, detomidine hydrochloride. This drug is prescribed by veterinarians and is marketed as Dormosedan. Currently, it is only approved by the FDA for use in horses but has been studied for use in other large animals."]], ["Ractopamine", "CC(CCC1=CC=C(C=C1)O)NCC(C2=CC=C(C=C2)O)O", ["4-(1-hydroxy-2-{[4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)butan-2-yl]amino}ethyl)phenol is a secondary amino compound that is 4-(2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl)phenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 4-(p-hydroxyphenyl)butan-2-yl group. It is a polyphenol, a secondary amino compound, a member of benzyl alcohols and a secondary alcohol."]], ["Difloxacin", "CN1CCN(CC1)C2=C(C=C3C(=C2)N(C=C(C3=O)C(=O)O)C4=CC=C(C=C4)F)F", ["Difloxacin is a quinolone that is pefloxacin in which the ethyl group at position 1 of the quinolone has been replaced by a p-fluorophenyl group. A broad-spectrum antibiotic effective against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, it is used (usually as the monohydrochloride salt) for the treatment of bacterial infections in dogs. It has a role as an antibacterial drug and a Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite. It is a quinolone, a N-alkylpiperazine, a N-arylpiperazine, a quinolone antibiotic, a fluoroquinolone antibiotic, a member of monofluorobenzenes and a monocarboxylic acid.", "Difloxacin is a synthetic fluoroquinolone used in veterinary. As an antibacterial, it presents a broad bactericidal spectrum and its effects are dependent on its concentration. However, it presents a reduced efficacy when compared to other fluoroquinolone antibacterials."]], ["Sarafloxacin", "C1CN(CCN1)C2=C(C=C3C(=C2)N(C=C(C3=O)C(=O)O)C4=CC=C(C=C4)F)F", ["6-fluoro-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-oxo-7-(1-piperazinyl)-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid is a member of quinolines.", "Sarafloxacin is a quinolone antibiotic drug, which was discontinued by its manufacturer, Abbott Laboratories, before receiving approval for use in the US or Canada."]], ["Antineoplaston A10", "C1CC(=O)NC(=O)[C@H]1NC(=O)CC2=CC=CC=C2", ["Antineoplaston A10 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Sarcoma, Lymphoma, Lung Cancer, Liver Cancer, and Kidney Cancer, among others.", "Antineoplaston A10 is a piperidinedione antineoplaston with potential antineoplastic activity.  Antineoplaston A10 was originally isolated from human urine but is now synthetically derived.  This agent intercalates into DNA, resulting in cell cycle arrest in G1 phase, reduction of mitosis, and decreased protein synthesis.  Antineoplaston A10 may also inhibit ras-oncogene expression and activate tumor suppressor gene p53, leading to cell differentiation and apoptosis. (NCI04)"]], ["Fosphenytoin", "C1=CC=C(C=C1)C2(C(=O)N(C(=O)N2)COP(=O)(O)O)C3=CC=CC=C3", ["Fosphenytoin is an imidazolidine-2,4-dione.", "Fosphenytoin is a water-soluble phenytoin prodrug used only in hospitals for the treatment of epileptic seizures. It works by slowing down impulses in the brain that cause seizures. Its main mechanism is to block frequency-dependent, use-dependent and voltage-dependent neuronal sodium channels, and therefore limit repetitive firing of action potentials.", "Fosphenytoin is an Anti-epileptic Agent. The physiologic effect of fosphenytoin is by means of Decreased Central Nervous System Disorganized Electrical Activity.", "Fosphenytoin is a prodrug of phenytoin available in parenteral forms only. While not specifically associated with cases of drug induced liver injury, fosphenytoin is converted to phenytoin which is a well known cause of acute idiosyncratic drug induced liver disease.", "Fosphenytoin is a water-soluble phosphate ester prodrug of phenytoin, a hydantoin derivative with anticonvulsant activity. Fosphenytoin is hydrolyzed to phenytoin by phosphatases. Phenytoin exerts its effect mainly by promoting sodium efflux and stabilizes neuronal membranes in the motor cortex. This leads to a suppression of excessive neuronal firing and limits the spread of seizure activity.", "Fosphenytoin is a water-soluble phenytoin prodrug used only in hospitals for the treatment of epileptic seizures. It works by slowing down impulses in the brain that cause seizures. Its main mechanism is to block frequency-dependent, use-dependent and voltage-dependent neuronal sodium channels, and therefore limit repetitive firing of action potentials."]], ["Fluorodopa (18F)", "C1=C(C(=CC(=C1O)O)[18F])C[C@@H](C(=O)O)N", ["6-((18)F)fluoro-L-dopa is a 6-fluoro-L-dopa and a (18)F radiopharmaceutical.", "Fluorodopa F 18 is a fluorinated analog of [levodopa] used as a diagnostic agent for positron emission tomography (PET) in the evaluation of Parkinsonian syndromes. Fluorodopa F 18 PET is used adjunctly with other diagnostic investigations and serves primarily to visualize dopaminergic nerve terminals in the striatum.", "Fluorodopa F 18 is the amino acid analog fluorodopa (FDOPA) labeled with fluorine F 18, a positron-emitting isotope, with potential tumor tracer property. Fluorine F 18 fluorodopa is able to cross the blood-brain barrier and is taken up by brain tumor cells. As uptake is higher in tumor cells, tumors may then be imaged using positron emission tomography (PET). Assessing tumor uptake of FDOPA may be beneficial for diagnosis, localization and in determining further treatment."]], ["Eflornithine hydrochloride", "C(CC(C(F)F)(C(=O)O)N)CN.Cl", ["Eflornithine Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride form of eflornithine, a difluoromethylated ornithine compound with antineoplastic activity.  Eflornithine irreversibly inhibits ornithine decarboxylase, an enzyme required for polyamine biosynthesis, thereby inhibiting the formation and proliferation of tumor cells. Polyamines are involved in nucleosome oligomerization and DNA conformation, creating a chromatin environment that stimulates neoplastic transformation of cells. (NCI04)", "An inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase, the rate limiting enzyme of the polyamine biosynthetic pathway."]], ["Brequinar", "CC1=C(C2=C(C=CC(=C2)F)N=C1C3=CC=C(C=C3)C4=CC=CC=C4F)C(=O)O", ["Brequinar is a quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is quinoline substituted by 2'-fluoro[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl, methyl, carboxy and fluoro groups at positions 2, 3, 4, and 6, respectively. It is an inhibitor of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, an enzyme that is required for de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis. The compound exhibits antineoplastic and antiviral properties. It has a role as an EC 1.3.5.2 [dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor, an immunosuppressive agent, an antineoplastic agent, an antiviral agent, a pyrimidine synthesis inhibitor, an anticoronaviral agent and an antimetabolite. It is a member of biphenyls, a member of monofluorobenzenes, a quinolinemonocarboxylic acid and a monocarboxylic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a brequinar(1-).", "Brequinar is a synthetic quinolinecarboxylic acid analogue with antineoplastic properties.  Brequinar inhibits the enzyme dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, thereby blocking de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis.  This agent may also enhance the in vivo antitumor effect of antineoplastic agents such as 5-FU. (NCI04)"]], ["Atamestane", "CC1=CC(=O)C=C2[C@]1([C@H]3CC[C@]4([C@H]([C@@H]3CC2)CCC4=O)C)C", ["Atamestane has been used in trials studying the treatment of Breast Cancer, Breast Neoplasms, and Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent.", "Atamestane is a synthetic steroidal substance with antineoplastic activity.  Atamestane binds irreversibly to and inhibits the enzyme aromatase, thereby blocking the conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone and the peripheral aromatization of androgenic precursors into estrogens. (NCI04)"]], ["Lifibrol", "CC(C)(C)C1=CC=C(C=C1)CCC(COC2=CC=C(C=C2)C(=O)O)O", ["Lifibrol is an alkylbenzene.", "Lifibrol has been used in trials studying the basic science of Hyperlipoproteinemia and Hypercholesterolemia.", "Lifibrol is a novel lipid-lowering agent with a complicated mechanism of action. Lifibrol may affect bile acid metabolism, enhance sterol excretion, reduce cholesterol absorption, or enhance synthesis or sensitivity of the LDL receptors. In studies, its lipid-lowering effects were of a magnitude similar to that of the statins, but unlike statins, it had the ability to lower Lp(a), a risk factor in atherosclerosis."]], ["Delmopinol", "CCCC(CCC)CCCC1COCCN1CCO", ["Delmopinol is a member of morpholines."]], ["Naxagolide", "CCCN1CCO[C@H]2[C@H]1CCC3=C2C=C(C=C3)O", ["Naxagolide is an organic heterotricyclic compound that is (4aR,10bR)-3,4,4a,5,6,10b-hexahydro-2H-naphtho[1,2-b][1,4]oxazine substituted by propyl and hydroxy groups at positions 4 and 9, respectively. It is a potent dopamine D2-receptor agonist and its hydrochloride salt was under clinical development by Merck & Co as a potential antiparkinsonian agent (now discontinued). It has a role as an antiparkinson drug, a dopamine agonist and an anticonvulsant. It is a tertiary amino compound, an organic heterotricyclic compound and a member of phenols. It is a conjugate base of a naxagolide(1+)."]], ["1-Naphthalenol, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-6-[propyl[2-(2-thienyl)ethyl]amino]-", "CCCN(CCC1=CC=CS1)C2CCC3=C(C2)C=CC=C3O", ["6-{propyl[2-(thiophen-2-yl)ethyl]amino}-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-ol is a member of tetralins."]], ["Pemirolast", "CC1=CC=CN2C1=NC=C(C2=O)C3=NNN=N3", ["Pemirolast is a pyridopyrimidine.", "Pemirolast potassium is a slightly yellow powder that is soluble in water. It is a mast cell stabilizer that acts as an antiallergic agent. As an ophthalmic aqueous sterile solution, pemirolast is used for the prevention of itching of the eyes caused by allergies such as hay fever, and allergic conjunctivitis. Pemirolast is potentially useful for prophylaxis of pulmonary hypersensitivity reactions to drugs such as paclitaxel.", "Pemirolast is a Mast Cell Stabilizer. The physiologic effect of pemirolast is by means of Decreased Histamine Release.", "Pemirolast is a pyrimidinone derivative with anti-allergic activity. Pemirolast blocks the antigen-mediated calcium ion influx into mast cells. This prevents mast cell degranulation, resulting in mast cell stabilization and inhibition of the release of inflammatory mediators, such as histamine and leukotrienes, which are involved in the allergic process. Pemirolast also prevents inflammatory mediator release from eosinophils."]], ["(+/-)-Lisofylline", "CC(CCCCN1C(=O)C2=C(N=CN2C)N(C1=O)C)O", ["1-(5-hydroxyhexyl)-3,7-dimethyl-3,7-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6-dione is a dimethylxanthine that is 3,7-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6-dione which is substituted at positions 1,3 and 7 by a 5-hydroxyhexyl group, methyl group and methyl group, respectively. It is a secondary alcohol and a dimethylxanthine."]], ["Letrazuril", "C1=CC(=CC=C1C(C#N)C2=C(C=C(C=C2Cl)N3C(=O)NC(=O)C=N3)Cl)F", ["Letrazuril has been used in trials studying the treatment of HIV Infections and Cryptosporidiosis."]], ["Sumatriptan succinate", "CNS(=O)(=O)CC1=CC2=C(C=C1)NC=C2CCN(C)C.C(CC(=O)O)C(=O)O", ["Sumatriptan succinate is a succinate salt obtained by reaction of sumatriptan with one equivalent of succinic acid. Selective agonist for a vascular 5-HT1 receptor subtype (probably a member of the 5-HT1D family). Used for the acute treatment of migraine with or without aura in adults. It has a role as a serotonergic agonist and a vasoconstrictor agent. It contains a sumatriptan(1+).", "Sumatriptan Succinate is the succinate salt form of sumatriptan, a member of the triptan class of compounds with anti-migraine property. Sumatriptan succinate selectively binds to and activates serotonin 5-HT1 receptors. This results in constriction of meningeal, dural, cerebral or pial blood vessels via stimulation of the 5-HT1B receptors, thereby reducing the vascular pulsation and may provide relief in migraine headaches. Furthermore, agonistic action of this agent through presynaptic stimulation of 5-HT1D and/or 5-HT1F receptors prevents release of vasoactive and pro-inflammatory neuropeptide (calcitonin gene-related peptide), thereby may also relieve migraine headaches. In addition, central inhibition of pain transmission via the inhibition of trigeminal neurons in the brain stems and upper spinal cord mediated by 5-HT1B, 5-HT1D or 5-HT 1F receptors also aides in the alleviation of migraine pain.", "A serotonin agonist that acts selectively at 5HT1 receptors. It is used in the treatment of MIGRAINE DISORDERS."]], ["Dexpramipexole", "CCCN[C@@H]1CCC2=C(C1)SC(=N2)N", ["Dexpramipexole is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01511029 (Study to Evaluate the QTC Interval in Healthy Volunteers Dosed With Dexpramipexole (QTC = Electrocardiogram (ECG) Interval Measured From the Onset of the QRS Complex to the End of the T Wave Corrected for Heart Rate)).", "A benzothiazole derivative and dopamine agonist with antioxidant properties that is used in the treatment of PARKINSON DISEASE and RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME."]], ["Temafloxacin", "CC1CN(CCN1)C2=C(C=C3C(=C2)N(C=C(C3=O)C(=O)O)C4=C(C=C(C=C4)F)F)F", ["1-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-6-fluoro-7-(3-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid is a quinolone that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid which is substituted at positions 1, 6, and 7 by 2,4-difluorophenyl, fluorine, and 3-methylpiperazin-1-yl groups, respectively. It is a quinolone, an amino acid, a monocarboxylic acid, an organofluorine compound, a secondary amino compound, a tertiary amino compound, a N-arylpiperazine and a quinolone antibiotic.", "Temafloxacin is an antibiotic agent belonging to the fluoroquinolone drug class. It was first approved for use in the U.S. market in 1992, but was withdrawn shortly due to the reports of serious adverse reactions, such as allergic reactions and hemolyric anemia, resulting in three deaths."]], ["Doxacurium", "C[N+]1(CCC2=CC(=C(C(=C2C1CC3=CC(=C(C(=C3)OC)OC)OC)OC)OC)OC)CCCOC(=O)CCC(=O)OCCC[N+]4(CCC5=CC(=C(C(=C5C4CC6=CC(=C(C(=C6)OC)OC)OC)OC)OC)OC)C", ["Doxacurium chloride is a long-acting, nondepolarizing skeletal muscle relaxant for intravenous administration."]], ["Penclomedine", "COC1=C(C(=NC(=C1Cl)OC)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl)Cl", ["Penclomedine has been used in trials studying the treatment of Lymphoma and Unspecified Adult Solid Tumor, Protocol Specific.", "Penclomedine is a synthetic derivative of pyrimidine with antineoplastic activity. Penclomedine alkylates and crosslinks DNA, resulting in DNA strand breaks and inhibition of DNA and RNA synthesis. This agent is more active against tumor cells that are defective in p53 function. (NCI04)"]], ["Zileuton", "CC(C1=CC2=CC=CC=C2S1)N(C(=O)N)O", ["Zileuton is a member of the class of 1-benzothiophenes that is 1-benzothiophene in which the hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by a 1-[carbamoyl(hydroxy)amino]ethyl group. A selective 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor, it inhibits the formation of leukotrienes LTB4, LTC4, LDT4, and LTE4. It is used for the management of chronic asthma. It has a role as an EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, an anti-asthmatic drug, a leukotriene antagonist and a ferroptosis inhibitor. It is a member of ureas and a member of 1-benzothiophenes. It derives from a hydride of a 1-benzothiophene.", "Leukotrienes are substances that induce numerous biological effects including augmentation of neutrophil and eosinophil migration, neutrophil and monocyte aggregation, leukocyte adhesion, increased capillary permeability, and smooth muscle contraction. These effects contribute to inflammation, edema, mucus secretion, and bronchoconstriction in the airways of asthmatic patients. Zileuton relieves such symptoms through its selective inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase, the enzyme that catalyzes the formation of leukotrienes from arachidonic acid. Specifically, it inhibits leukotriene LTB4, LTC4, LTD4, and LTE4 formation. Both the R(+) and S(-) enantiomers are pharmacologically active as 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors in in vitro systems. The immediate release tablet of Zileuton has been withdrawn from the US market.", "Zileuton is a 5-Lipoxygenase Inhibitor. The mechanism of action of zileuton is as a 5-Lipoxygenase Inhibitor. The physiologic effect of zileuton is by means of Decreased Leukotriene Production.", "Zileuton is an antiinflammatory leukotriene pathway inhibitor classified as an inhibitor of the enzyme 5-lipoxygenase that is used in the treatment of asthma and allergic rhinitis. Zileuton has been linked to rare cases of drug induced liver disease and is considered to be contraindicated in patients with active liver disease.", "Zileuton is a synthetic derivative of hydroxyurea with antiasthmatic properties. The leukotriene inhibitor zileuton blocks 5-lipoxygenase, which catalyzes the formation of leukotrienes from arachidonic acid; causes bronchodilation; decreases bronchial mucous secretion and edema; and may prevent or decrease the symptoms of asthma. (NCI04)"]], ["Remacemide", "CC(CC1=CC=CC=C1)(C2=CC=CC=C2)NC(=O)CN", ["2-amino-N-(1,2-diphenylpropan-2-yl)acetamide is a stilbenoid."]], ["Tandospirone citrate", "C1C[C@H]2C[C@@H]1[C@H]3[C@@H]2C(=O)N(C3=O)CCCCN4CCN(CC4)C5=NC=CC=N5.C(C(=O)O)C(CC(=O)O)(C(=O)O)O", ["Tandospirone citrate is a citrate salt of tandospirone , comprising equimolar amounts of citric acid and tandospirone. It is an anxiolytic drug used in the treatment of anxiety disorders. It has a role as an anxiolytic drug and an antidepressant. It contains a tandospirone(1+)."]], ["Ocfentanil", "COCC(=O)N(C1CCN(CC1)CCC2=CC=CC=C2)C3=CC=CC=C3F", ["Ocfentanil is an anilide."]], ["Levomedetomidine", "CC1=C(C(=CC=C1)[C@@H](C)C2=CN=CN2)C", ["Levomedetomidine is a medetomidine. It is an enantiomer of a dexmedetomidine.", "An agonist of RECEPTORS, ADRENERGIC ALPHA-2 that is used in veterinary medicine for its analgesic and sedative properties. It is the racemate of DEXMEDETOMIDINE."]], ["Cidofovir", "C1=CN(C(=O)N=C1N)C[C@@H](CO)OCP(=O)(O)O", ["Cidofovir anhydrous is cytosine substituted at the 1 position by a 3-hydroxy-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl group (S configuration). A nucleoside analogue, it is an injectable antiviral used for the treatment of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis in AIDS patients. It has a role as an antiviral drug, an antineoplastic agent, an anti-HIV agent and a photosensitizing agent. It is a pyrimidone and a member of phosphonic acids. It is a conjugate acid of a cidofovir(2-) and a cidofovir(1-).", "Cidofovir is an injectable antiviral medication employed in the treatment of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis in patients diagnosed with AIDS. It suppresses CMV replication through selective inhibition of viral DNA synthesis. It was manufactured by Gilead and initially approved by the FDA in 1996, but has since been discontinued.", "Cidofovir anhydrous is a Cytomegalovirus Nucleoside Analog DNA Polymerase Inhibitor. The mechanism of action of cidofovir anhydrous is as a DNA Polymerase Inhibitor.", "Cidofovir is a nucleoside analogue and antiviral agent which is used in therapy of serious cytomegalovirus infections in immunocompromised patients. Cidofovir has been associated with mild-to-moderate serum aminotransferase elevations during intravenous therapy, but has not been convincingly linked to cases of clinically apparent acute liver injury.", "Cidofovir Anhydrous is an anhydrous form of cidofovir, a synthetic, acyclic monophosphate nucleotide analog of deoxycytidine with antiviral activity, mostly used against cytomegalovirus (CMV). After incorporation into the host cell, cidofovir is phosphorylated by pyruvate kinases to its active metabolite cidofovir diphosphate. Cidofovir diphosphate, bearing structural similarity to nucleotides, competes with deoxycytosine-5-triphosphate (dCTP) for viral DNA polymerase and gets incorporated into the growing viral DNA strands. As a result, it prevents further DNA polymerization and disrupts DNA replication of viruses.", "An acyclic nucleoside phosphonate that acts as a competitive inhibitor of viral DNA polymerases. It is used in the treatment of RETINITIS caused by CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTIONS and may also be useful for treating HERPESVIRUS INFECTIONS."]], ["Tiagabine", "CC1=C(SC=C1)C(=CCCN2CCC[C@H](C2)C(=O)O)C3=C(C=CS3)C", ["Tiagabine is a piperidinemonocarboxylic acid that is (R)-nipecotic acid in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by a 1,1-bis(3-methyl-2-thienyl)but-1-en-4-yl group. A GABA reuptake inhibitor, it is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of epilepsy. It has a role as a GABA reuptake inhibitor and an anticonvulsant. It is a piperidinemonocarboxylic acid, a beta-amino acid, a member of thiophenes and a tertiary amino compound. It is functionally related to a (R)-nipecotic acid. It is a conjugate base of a tiagabine(1+).", "Tiagabine is an anti-convulsive medication. It is also used in the treatment for panic disorder as are a few other anticonvulsants. Though the exact mechanism by which tiagabine exerts its effect on the human body is unknown, it does appear to operate as a selective GABA reuptake inhibitor.", "Tiagabine is an Anti-epileptic Agent. The physiologic effect of tiagabine is by means of Decreased Central Nervous System Disorganized Electrical Activity.", "Tiagabine is a unique anticonvulsant used largely as an adjunctive agent in therapy of partial seizures in adults or children. Therapy with tiagabine is not associated with serum aminotransferase elevations, and clinically apparent liver injury from tiagabine has not been reported and must be rare if it occurs at all.", "Tiagabine is an anti-convulsive medication. It is also used in the treatment for panic disorder as are a few other anticonvulsants. Though the exact mechanism by which tiagabine exerts its effect on the human body is unknown, it does appear to operate as a selective GABA reuptake inhibitor.", "A nipecotic acid derivative that acts as a GABA uptake inhibitor and anticonvulsant agent. It is used in the treatment of EPILEPSY, for refractory PARTIAL SEIZURES."]], ["Liarozole", "C1=CC(=CC(=C1)Cl)C(C2=CC3=C(C=C2)N=CN3)N4C=CN=C4", ["Liarozole is a member of benzimidazoles.", "Liarozole has been used in trials studying the treatment of Ichthyosis, Lamellar.", "Liarozole is an orally-active benzimidazole derivative with potential antineoplastic activity. As a retinoic acid metabolism blocking agent, liarozole inhibits cytochrome P450-dependent all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA)-4-hydroxylase, resulting in an increase in endogenous ATRA production, inhibition of cell proliferation, and induction of cell differentiation. This agent also inhibits aromatase, the enzyme that catalyzes the final, rate-limiting step in estrogen biosynthesis."]], ["CID 60653", "CS(=O)(=O)O.C1[C@@H]2CC(CC3N2CC(=O)C1C3)OC(=O)C4=CNC5=CC=CC=C54", ["Dolasetron Mesylate is an indole derivative with antiemetic activity.  As a selective serotonin receptor antagonist, dolasetron mesylate competitively blocks the action of serotonin at 5HT3 receptors, resulting in suppression of chemotherapy- and radiotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. (NCI04)"]], ["Levobetaxolol hydrochloride", "CC(C)NC[C@@H](COC1=CC=C(C=C1)CCOCC2CC2)O.Cl", ["Levobetaxolol Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of levobetaxolol, the S-isomer of the -selective beta-1 adrenergic receptor antagonist betaxolol with anti-glaucoma activity and devoid of intrinsic sympathomimetic activity. When applied topically in the eye, levobetaxolol reduces aqueous humor secretion and lowers the intraocular pressure (IOP)."]], ["Levobetaxolol", "CC(C)NC[C@@H](COC1=CC=C(C=C1)CCOCC2CC2)O", ["(S)-betaxolol is the (S)-enantiomer of betaxolol. It is an enantiomer of a (R)-betaxolol.", "Levobetaxolol is a beta-blocker used to lower the pressure in the eye to treat conditions such as glaucoma. It was marketed as a 0.5% ophthalmic solution of levobetaxolol hydrochloride under the trade name Betaxon but has been discontinued.", "Levobetaxolol is the S-isomer of betaxolol, a selective beta-1 adrenergic receptor antagonist with anti-glaucoma activity and devoid of intrinsic sympathomimetic activity. When applied topically in the eye, levobetaxolol reduces aqueous humor secretion and lowers the intraocular pressure (IOP)."]], ["Mibefradil", "CC(C)[C@H]1C2=C(CC[C@@]1(CCN(C)CCCC3=NC4=CC=CC=C4N3)OC(=O)COC)C=C(C=C2)F", ["Mibefradil is a member of tetralins.", "Mibefradil was withdrawn from the market in 1998 because of potentially harmful interactions with other drugs.", "A benzimidazoyl-substituted tetraline that selectively binds and inhibits CALCIUM CHANNELS, T-TYPE."]], ["Diethylhomospermine", "CCNCCCCNCCCCNCCCCNCC", ["Diethylhomospermine has been used in trials studying the treatment of Diarrhea and HIV Infections.", "Diethylhomospermine is a polyamine analogue with antiproliferative and potential anti-diarrheal activities. Diethylhomospermine (DEHSPM) antagonizes polyamine activity via NMDA receptor glutamine binding site, thereby modulating inotropic stasis and reducing stool volume (anti-diarrhea). However, due to the toxic effects from metabolites of DEHSP, other tetramine derivatives with less toxicity have been developed."]], ["Gadoteridol", "CC(CN1CCN(CCN(CCN(CC1)CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])O.[Gd+3]", ["Gadoteridol provides contrast enhancement of the brain, spine and surrounding tissues resulting in improved visualization (compared with unenhanced MRI) of lesions with abnormal vascularity or those thought to cause a disruption of the normal blood brain barrier. Gadoteridol can also be used for whole body contrast enhanced MRI including the head, neck, liver, breast, musculoskeletal system and soft tissue pathologies. n MRI, visualization of normal and pathological brain tissue depends in part on variations in the radiofrequency signal intensity that occur with changes in proton density, alteration of the T1, and variation in T2. When placed in a magnetic field, gadoteridol shortens the T1 relaxation time in tissues where it accumulates. Abnormal vascularity or disruption of the blood-brain barrier allows accumulation of gadoteridol in lesions such as neoplasms, abscesses, and subacute infarcts.", "Gadoteridol is a Paramagnetic Contrast Agent. The mechanism of action of gadoteridol is as a Magnetic Resonance Contrast Activity."]], ["Celgosivir", "CCCC(=O)O[C@H]1CN2CC[C@@H]([C@@H]2[C@H]([C@@H]1O)O)O", ["Celgosivir is a 6-0-butanoyl ester derivative of castanospermine, a compound derived from the Australian chestnut with activity against hepatitis C virus. Celgosivir rapidly converts to castanospermine in the body, where it is a potent inhibitor of alpha-glucosidase I, a host enzyme required for viral assembly, release, and infectivity."]], ["Loribid", "C1CC(=C(N2C1C(C2=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](C3=CC=CC=C3)N)C(=O)O)Cl.O", ["Loracarbef monohydrate is an organic molecular entity."]], ["Pivanex", "CCCC(=O)OCOC(=O)C(C)(C)C", ["Pivaloyloxymethyl butyrate (AN-9), an acyloxyalkyl ester prodrug of butyric acid (BA), exhibited low toxicity and significant anticancer activity in vitro and in vivo. It shows greater potency than BA at inducing malignant cell differentiation and tumor growth inhibition and has demonstrated more favorable toxicological, pharmacological, and pharmaceutical properties than BA in preclinical studies.", "Pivaloyloxymethylbutyrate is an acyloxyalkyl ester prodrug of butyric acid. Pivaloyloxymethylbutyrate inhibits histone deacetylase, resulting in cell differentiation, cell growth inhibition, and apoptosis. (NCI04)"]], ["Ibutilide", "CCCCCCCN(CC)CCCC(C1=CC=C(C=C1)NS(=O)(=O)C)O", ["Ibutilide is an organic amino compound and a member of benzenes.", "Ibutilide is a Class III antiarrhythmic agent available in intravenous formulations. It is indicated for the conversion of acute atrial flutter and recent onset atrial fibrillation to normal sinus rhythm (NSR).", "Ibutilide is an Antiarrhythmic."]], ["Gadodiamide", "CNC(=O)CN(CCN(CCN(CC(=O)NC)CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-].O.[Gd+3]", ["Gadodiamide is a paramagnetic gadolinium-based contrast agent (GBCA), with imaging activity upon magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). When placed in a magnetic field, gadodiamide generates a large local magnetic field, which can enhance the relaxation rate of nearby protons. This change in proton relaxation dynamics, iincreases the MRI signal intensity of tissues in which gadodiamide has accumulated; therefore, visualization of those tissues is enhanced."]], ["Dihydrexidine", "C1CC2=CC(=C(C=C2C3C1NCC4=CC=CC=C34)O)O", ["5,6,6a,7,8,12b-hexahydrobenzo[a]phenanthridine-10,11-diol is a member of phenanthridines."]], ["Technetium Tc 99m mertiatide", "C(C(=O)[N-]CC(=O)[O-])[N-]C(=O)C[N-]C(=O)C[S-].O=[99Tc+3].[Na+].[Na+]", ["A technetium diagnostic aid used in renal function determination."]], ["Vinorelbine", "CCC1=CC2C[C@@](C3=C(CN(C2)C1)C4=CC=CC=C4N3)(C5=C(C=C6C(=C5)[C@]78CCN9[C@H]7[C@@](C=CC9)([C@H]([C@@]([C@@H]8N6C)(C(=O)OC)O)OC(=O)C)CC)OC)C(=O)OC", ["Vinorelbine is a semisynthetic vinca alkaloid. Vinorelbine binds to tubulin and prevents formation of the mitotic spindle, resulting in the arrest of tumor cell growth in metaphase. This agent may also interfere with amino acid, cyclic AMP. and glutathione metabolism; calmodulin-dependent Ca++ -transport ATPase activity; cellular respiration; and nucleic acid and lipid biosynthesis.", "A vinca alkaloid related to VINBLASTINE that is used as a first-line treatment for NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER, or for advanced or metastatic BREAST CANCER refractory to treatment with ANTHRACYCLINES."]], ["Arbutamine", "C1=CC(=CC=C1CCCCNC[C@@H](C2=CC(=C(C=C2)O)O)O)O", ["Arbutamine is a catecholamine. It has a role as a beta-adrenergic agonist and a cardiotonic drug.", "Arbutamine, administered through a closed-loop, computer-controlled drug-delivery system, is indicated to elicit acute cardiovascular responses, similar to those produced by exercise, in order to aid in diagnosing the presence or absence of coronary artery disease in patients who cannot exercise adequately .", "Arbutamine is a synthetic catecholamine with positive chronotropic and inotropic properties, used in echocardiography and diagnostic coronary angiography. Arbutamine binds to and activates beta-1 adrenergic receptors in the myocardium, thereby increasing heart rate and increasing force of myocardial contraction. By exerting a chronotropic and inotropic effect, arbutamine mimics the cardiac stress caused by exercise that may prevent adequate tissue perfusion and oxygenation, and may provoke myocardial ischemia in patients with coronary artery disease."]], ["Bizelesin", "CC1=CNC2=C(C=C3C(=C12)[C@@H](CN3C(=O)C4=CC5=C(N4)C=CC(=C5)NC(=O)NC6=CC7=C(C=C6)NC(=C7)C(=O)N8C[C@H](C9=C1C(=CNC1=C(C=C98)O)C)CCl)CCl)O", ["Bizelesin has been used in trials studying the treatment of Unspecified Adult Solid Tumor, Protocol Specific."]], ["Glycovir", "CCCCN1C[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]1COC(=O)CCC)OC(=O)CCC)OC(=O)CCC)OC(=O)CCC", ["Glycovir has been used in trials studying the treatment of HIV Infections."]], ["Lesopitron", "C1CN(CCN1CCCCN2C=C(C=N2)Cl)C3=NC=CC=N3", ["Lesopitron is an anxiolytic with pre- and post-synaptic 5-HT1A agonist activity, which is under development by Esteve."]], ["Duloxetine hydrochloride", "CNCC[C@@H](C1=CC=CS1)OC2=CC=CC3=CC=CC=C32.Cl", ["(S)-duloxetine hydrochloride is a duloxetine hydrochloride in which the duloxetine moiety has S configuration. It has a role as an antidepressant. It contains a (S)-duloxetine.", "Duloxetine Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt of duloxetine, a fluoxetine derivative belonging to the class of selective serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) reuptake inhibitors (SSNRIs) and exhibiting antidepressant activity. Duloxetine selectively prevents the reuptake of 5-HT and NE via transporter complexes on the pre-synaptic membrane, thereby increasing the level of these neurotransmitters within the synaptic cleft. As a result, this agent potentiates serotonergic and noradrenergic activities in the central nervous system, and alleviates depression and neuropathy sensations, such as pain and tingling. Furthermore, duloxetine does not show significant affinity for dopaminergic, adrenergic, cholinergic, histaminergic, opioid, glutamate, and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors.", "A thiophene derivative and selective NEUROTRANSMITTER UPTAKE INHIBITOR for SEROTONIN and NORADRENALINE (SNRI). It is an ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENT and ANXIOLYTIC, and is also used for the treatment of pain in patients with DIABETES MELLITUS and FIBROMYALGIA."]], ["Atevirdine mesylate", "CCNC1=C(N=CC=C1)N2CCN(CC2)C(=O)C3=CC4=C(N3)C=CC(=C4)OC.CS(=O)(=O)O", ["Atevirdine Mesylate is a mesylate salt form of atevirdine, a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor. Atevirdine is active against AZT-resistant virus strains."]], ["Iobenguane", "C1=CC(=CC(=C1)I)CN=C(N)N", ["2-[(3-iodophenyl)methyl]guanidine is an organoiodine compound.", "Synthetic guanethidine derivative that locates phaeochromocytomas and neuroblastomas. The radioisotope used can either be iodine-123 for imaging or iodine-131 for destruction of tissues that metabolize noradrenaline. Iodine 123 is a cyclotron-produced radionuclide that decays to Te 123 by electron capture. Images are produced by a I123 MIBG scintigraphy. FDA approved on September 19, 2008.", "Iobenguane is a synthetic, aralkylguanidine analogue of the adrenergic neurotransmitter norepinephrine (NE) and adrenergic neuron blocking agent with potential diagnostic imaging or antineoplastic activity when radiolabeled. Iobenguane, also known as metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG), is taken up and accumulates in the granules of adrenal medullary chromaffin cells and in the pre-synaptic granules of adrenergic neurons in a manner almost identical with that of NE. In radiolabeled forms, iobenguane may be used to image or eradicate neuroendocrine tissues and tumor cells.", "A guanidine analog with specific affinity for tissues of the sympathetic nervous system and related tumors. The radiolabeled forms are used as antineoplastic agents and radioactive imaging agents. (Merck Index, 12th ed) MIBG serves as a neuron-blocking agent which has a strong affinity for, and retention in, the adrenal medulla and also inhibits ADP-ribosyltransferase."]], ["Emtricitabine", "C1[C@H](O[C@H](S1)CO)N2C=C(C(=NC2=O)N)F", ["Emtricitabine is an organofluorine compound that is 5-fluorocytosine substituted at the 1 position by a 2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl group (2R,5S configuration). It is used in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV-1 infection. It has a role as an antiviral drug and a HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor. It is a pyrimidone, an organofluorine compound, a monothioacetal and a nucleoside analogue.", "Emtricitabine (brand name: Emtriva) is a prescription medicine approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of HIV infection in adults, children, and infants. Emtricitabine is always used in combination with other HIV medicines.", "Emtricitabine is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) indicated for the treatment of HIV infection in adults or combined with [tenofovir alafenamide] for the prevention of HIV-1 infection in high risk adolescents and adults. Emtricitabine is a cytidine analogue. The drug works by inhibiting HIV reverse transcriptase, preventing transcription of HIV RNA to DNA.  Emtricitabine was granted FDA approval on 2 July 2003.", "Emtricitabine is a Human Immunodeficiency Virus Nucleoside Analog Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor. The mechanism of action of emtricitabine is as a Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor.", "Emtricitabine is a nucleoside analogue and reverse transcriptase inhibitor used in combination with other agents for treatment and prevention of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Emtricitabine does not appear to be a significant cause of drug induced liver injury, but may cause flares of disease in patients with underlying chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection.", "Emtricitabine is a synthetic fluoro derivative of thiacytidine with potent antiviral activity. Emtricitabine is phosphorylated to form emtricitabine 5'-triphosphate within the cell. This metabolite inhibits the activity of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) reverse transcriptase both by competing with the natural substrate deoxycytidine 5'-triphosphate and by incorporation into viral DNA causing a termination of DNA chain elongation (due to the lack of the essential 3'-OH group).", "A deoxycytidine analog and REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITOR with antiviral activity against HIV-1 and HEPATITIS B viruses. It is used to treat HIV INFECTIONS."]], ["Tasosartan", "CC1=C2CCC(=O)N(C2=NC(=N1)C)CC3=CC=C(C=C3)C4=CC=CC=C4C5=NNN=N5", ["Tasosartan is a member of biphenyls.", "Tasosartan is a long-acting angiotensin II (AngII) receptor blocker. Its long duration of action has been attributed to its active metabolite enoltasosartan. It is used to treat patients with essential hypertension."]], ["Saprisartan", "CCC1=NC(=C(N1CC2=CC3=C(C=C2)OC(=C3Br)C4=CC=CC=C4NS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F)C(=O)N)C5CC5", ["Saprisartan is a member of benzofurans.", "Saprisartan is an AT1 receptor antagonist. It is based on medications of losartan's prototypical chemical structure. The mode of (functional) AT1 receptor antagonism has been characterized as insurmountable/noncompetitive for saprisartan.  It is very likely that slow dissociation kinetics from the AT1 receptor underlie insurmountable antagonism."]], ["Saquinavir mesylate", "CC(C)(C)NC(=O)[C@@H]1C[C@@H]2CCCC[C@@H]2CN1C[C@H]([C@H](CC3=CC=CC=C3)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)N)NC(=O)C4=NC5=CC=CC=C5C=C4)O.CS(=O)(=O)O", ["Saquinavir mesylate is an organic molecular entity.", "Saquinavir Mesylate is the mesylate salt form of saquinavir, a peptidomimetic inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) protease.", "An HIV protease inhibitor which acts as an analog of an HIV protease cleavage site. It is a highly specific inhibitor of HIV-1 and HIV-2 proteases, and also inhibits CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A."]], ["Tiludronic Acid", "C1=CC(=CC=C1SC(P(=O)(O)O)P(=O)(O)O)Cl", ["Tiludronic acid is an organochlorine compound.", "Tiludronate, or (4-chlorophenyl)thio-methylene-1,1-bisphosphonate, is a first generation bisphosphonate similar to [etidronic acid] and [clodronic acid]. These drugs were developed to mimic the action of pyrophosphate, a regulator of calcification and decalcification. Tiludronic acid was first described in the literature in 1988 as a potential treatment for Paget's disease of bone.  Tiludronic acid was granted FDA approval on 7 March 1997.", "Tiludronic acid is a Bisphosphonate."]], ["Lurtotecan", "CC[C@@]1(C2=C(COC1=O)C(=O)N3CC4=C(C5=CC6=C(C=C5N=C4C3=C2)OCCO6)CN7CCN(CC7)C)O", ["Lurtotecan is under investigation in clinical trial NCT00022594 (Liposomal Lurtotecan in Treating Patients With Metastatic or Locally Recurrent Head and Neck Cancer).", "Lurtotecan is a semisynthetic analogue of camptothecin with antineoplastic activity. Lurtotecan selectively stabilizes the topoisomerase I-DNA covalent complex and forms an enzyme-drug-DNA ternary complex. As a consequence of the formation of this complex, both the initial cleavage reaction and religation steps are inhibited and subsequent collision of the replication fork with the cleaved strand of DNA results in inhibition of DNA replication, double strand DNA breakage and triggering of apoptosis. Independent from DNA replication inhibition, lurtotecan also inhibits RNA synthesis, multi-ubiquitination and degradation of topoisomerase I and chromatin reorganization."]], ["1-(2-Phenylethyl)-4-phenyl-4-acetoxypiperidine", "CC(=O)OC1(CCN(CC1)CCC2=CC=CC=C2)C3=CC=CC=C3", ["1-(2-Phenylethyl)-4-phenyl-4-acetoxypiperidine (PEPAP) is a synthetic analogue of meperidine. It is sold as a \"synthetic heroin.\""]], ["Alphameprodine", "CC[C@H]1CN(CC[C@@]1(C2=CC=CC=C2)OC(=O)CC)C", ["Alphameprodine is an opioid analgesic classified by the United States Drug Enforcement Administration under Schedule I of illegal substances. The stereoisomer betameprodine is similarly classified, however alphameprodine is more widely used (both are referred to as Meprodine). Alphameprodine is a structural analogue of meperidine. It exerts physiological effects characteristic of opioids, such as analgesia, euphoria and sedation, as well as itching, nausea, and respiratory depression."]], ["Hydroxypethidine", "CCOC(=O)C1(CCN(CC1)C)C2=CC(=CC=C2)O", ["Hydroxypethidine is a member of piperidines."]], ["Etoxeridine", "CCOC(=O)C1(CCN(CC1)CCOCCO)C2=CC=CC=C2", ["Etoxeridine is a member of piperidines."]], ["C.I. Acid Blue 90", "CCN(CC1=CC(=CC=C1)S(=O)(=O)[O-])C2=CC(=C(C=C2)C(=C3C=CC(=[N+](CC)CC4=CC(=CC=C4)S(=O)(=O)[O-])C=C3C)C5=CC=C(C=C5)NC6=CC=C(C=C6)OCC)C.[Na+]", ["Brilliant blue g is a Disclosing Agent. The mechanism of action of brilliant blue g is as a Dye."]], ["Lead selenide", "[Se]=[Pb]", ["Lead selenide is a chemical compound of lead and selenium that can be found as the naturally occuring mineral clausthalite. It is a semiconductor and is used for manufacture of infrared detectors for thermal imaging. Lead is a heavy metal and stable element with the symbol Pb and the atomic number 82, existing in metallic, organic, and inorganic forms. It is mainly found in nature as the mineral galena (PbS), cerussite (PbCO3) or anglesite (PbSO4), usually in ore with zinc, silver, or copper. Selenium is a nonmetal element with the atomic number 34 and the chemical symbol Se. Selenium rarely occurs in its elemental state in nature and is usually found in sulfide ores such as pyrite, partially replacing the sulfur in the ore matrix. It may also be found in silver, copper, lead, and nickel minerals. Though selenium salts are toxic in large amounts, trace amounts of the element are necessary for cellular function in most animals, forming the active center of the enzymes glutathione peroxidase, thioredoxin reductase, and three known deiodinase enzymes. (L620, L21, L399) "]], ["Desmethylprodine", "CCC(=O)OC1(CCN(CC1)C)C2=CC=CC=C2", ["Desmethylprodine, a derivative of meperidine, is an opioid analgesic with the potency of morphine. It has been listed as a Schedule I controlled drug in the United States, and thus is not used clinically. It is known to be a designer drug, synthesized in 1977, for the purpose of recreational use. Illicit manufacturing has occurred."]], ["Lead(II) azide", "[N-]=[N+]=N[Pb]N=[N+]=[N-]", ["Lead azide is an explosive chemical compound of lead used mainly in detonators. Lead is a heavy metal and stable element with the symbol Pb and the atomic number 82, existing in metallic, organic, and inorganic forms. It is mainly found in nature as the mineral galena (PbS), cerussite (PbCO3) or anglesite (PbSO4), usually in ore with zinc, silver, or copper. (L21, L407)"]], ["Hypochlorite", "[O-]Cl", ["Salts between a metal ion (most commonly the sodium ion, calcium ion, or potassium ion) and the hypochlorite group ClO-. Toxic by ingestion and inhalation. Powerful irritants to the skin, eyes and mucous membranes. May cause ignition when in contact with organic materials. When involved in a fire they may accelerate combustion or cause an explosion.", "Hypochlorite is a chlorine oxoanion, a chlorine oxide and a monovalent inorganic anion. It is a conjugate base of a hypochlorous acid.", "Hypochlorite is an ion composed of chlorine and oxygen with the chemical formula ClO\u2212. Being unstable in the pure form, hypochlorite is most commonly used for bleaching, disinfectation, and water treatment purposes in its salt form, sodium hypochlorite. Hypochlorite is often used as a chemical reagent for chlorination and oxidation reactions.", "An oxyacid of chlorine (HClO) containing monovalent chlorine that acts as an oxidizing or reducing agent."]], ["Magnesium bromate", "[O-]Br(=O)=O.[O-]Br(=O)=O.[Mg+2]", ["Magnesium bromate is a crystalline solid. Soluble in water and denser than water. Hence sinks in water. Contact may cause irritation to skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. May be toxic by ingestion, inhalation and skin absorption. Used to make other chemicals."]], ["Radon-222", "[222Rn]", ["Radon is a naturally occurring radioactive gas that is odorless and tasteless. It is formed from the radioactive decay of uranium. Uranium is found in small amounts in most rocks and soil. It slowly breaks down to other products such as radium, which breaks down to radon. Radon also undergoes radioactive decay. It divides into two parts-one part is called radiation, and the other part is called a daughter. The daughter, like radon, is not stable, and it also divides into radiation and another daughter. The dividing of daughters continues until a stable, nonradioactive daughter is formed. During the decay process, alpha, beta, and gamma radiation are released. Alpha particles can travel only a short distance and cannot travel through your skin. Beta particles can penetrate through your skin, but they cannot go all the way through your body. Gamma radiation can go all the way through your body. Radon is no longer used in the treatment of various diseases including cancer, arthritis, diabetes, and ulcers. Radon is used to predict earthquakes, in the study of atmospheric transport, and in exploration for petroleum and uranium.", "Radon-222 atom is a radon atom.", "Radon is the chemical element of symbol Rn and atomic number 86. It is a rare radioactive gas, belonging to the noble gas series, and is formed as part of three radioactive decay chains that begin with uranium or thorium. Thirty-six radioactive isotopes of radon, with mass number from 193 to 228, have been characterized. The most stable isotope is Radon-222 (half-life of 3.8 days); it is generated naturally by the decay of 238U and emits alpha particles. Because of its radioactivity and unreactivity as a chemical element, radon has few uses and is seldom used in academic research. Radon is responsible for the majority of the mean public exposure to ionizing radiations. (L1075)"]], ["Hydrogen sulfate", "OS(=O)(=O)[O-]", ["Hydrogensulfate is a sulfur oxoanion. It is a conjugate base of a sulfuric acid. It is a conjugate acid of a sulfate."]], ["Bezitramide", "CCC(=O)N1C2=CC=CC=C2N(C1=O)C3CCN(CC3)CCC(C#N)(C4=CC=CC=C4)C5=CC=CC=C5", ["Bezitramide is a nitrile.", "Bezitramide is a narcotic analgesic which was discovered in 1961, clinically tested around the 1970's, and marketed under the name Burgodin. After cases of fatal overdose in the Netherlands in 2004 the drug was withdrawn from the market.   Bezitramide has never been FDA approved and is currently a schedule II drug."]], ["Fenproporex", "CC(CC1=CC=CC=C1)NCCC#N", ["Fenproporex is a member of amphetamines.", "Fenproporex is an orally active stimulant drug, which was developed in the 1960s. It is used as an appetite suppressant and a treatment for obesity. It is listed as an illicit substance in many countries due to addiction issues and listed as a prohibited substance by the World Anti-Doping Agency. Structurally, fenproporex (N-2-cyanoethylamphetamine) falls within the phenylethamine and amphetamine chemical class of drugs. The N-2-cyanoethyl substituent was once believed to be resistant to cleavage, because fenproporex -- once recommended as an obesity treatment for patients with cardiovascular disease -- was originally claimed to lack stimulant properties. Contrary to the claim, research has demonstrated easy in vivo cleavage of the N-2-cyanothyl substituent to yield amphetamine as a metabolite. [5] However, in clinical practice, central nervous system stimulative effects are less notorious than with some other agents such as diethylpropion and mazindol. [7]  In the United States fenproporex was never approved by the FDA for clinical use due to a lack of efficacy and safety data, and is listed as a drug in Schedule IV of the Controlled Substances Act. In 2006 and 2009, the FDA issued warnings that it had been detected in diet pills sold online, and imported from foreign manufacturers.  Despite being banned in the United States, fenproporex has been described as the second most commonly consumed appetite suppressant worldwide, [6] with fenproporex containing anorectics still being commonly prescribed in South America. Little is known about the specific hazards of amphetamine based diet pills, however case reports have noted side effects such as chest pain, palpitations, headaches, and insomnia. In addition, placebo controlled studies have shown that participants using fenproporex experience more joint pain, sweating, blurred vision and tremor. [2]"]], ["1-((5-Nitrofurfurylidene)amino)hydantoin monohydrate", "C1C(=O)NC(=O)N1N=CC2=CC=C(O2)[N+](=O)[O-].O", ["Nitrofurantoin Monohydrate is a monohydrate form of nitrofurantoin, a synthetic derivative of imidazolidinedione (hydantoin) that inhibits bacterial DNA, RNA, and cell wall protein synthesis."]], ["Mefentanyl", "CCC(=O)N(C1CCN(CC1C)CCC2=CC=CC=C2)C3=CC=CC=C3", ["3-methylfentanyl is the monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of 3-methyl-N-phenyl-1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidin-4-amine with propanoic acid. It has a role as an opioid analgesic, a mu-opioid receptor agonist and a sedative. It is a member of piperidines and a monocarboxylic acid amide.", "3-Methylfentanyl is an opioid analgesic and is an analog of the potent opioid, fentanyl. 3-Methylfentanyl is one of the most powerful opioid drugs sold illegally and is estimated to be between 400-6000 times more potent than morphine in certain cases. 3-Methylfentanyl was initially discovered in 1974 and widespread illegal use of this drug has occurred since this time."]], ["Iron ammonium oxalate", "C(=O)(C(=O)O)O.N.[Fe+3]", ["Ferric ammonium oxalate appears as a green crystalline solid. The primary hazard is the threat to the environment. Immediate steps should be taken to limit its spread to the environment. Used in making blueprints."]], ["Cetostearyl alcohol", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO", ["Waxy white solid with a mild soapy odor. Floats on water. (USCG, 1999)"]], ["Ohmefentanyl", "CCC(=O)N(C1CCN(CC1C)CC(C2=CC=CC=C2)O)C3=CC=CC=C3", ["Ohmefentanyl is a member of piperidines.", "Ohmefentanyl is an extremely potent opioid analgesic drug which selectively binds to the \u00b5-opioid receptor. The Chinese have recorded ohmefentanyl as having a potency that is 6,300 times morphine. Ohmefentanyl is one of the most potent \u03bc -receptor agonists known, comparable to super-potent opioids such as carfentanil and etorphine which are used for tranquilizing large animals such as elephants in veterinary medicine. In mice, ohmefentanyl was 28 times more powerful than fentanyl and 6300 times more effective than morphine. Ohmefentanyl has three stereogenic centers and hence, it can derive into eight stereoisomers, currently named F9201\u2013F9208. Researchers are studying the different pharmaceutical properties of these isomers."]], ["alpha-Methylfentanyl", "CCC(=O)N(C1CCN(CC1)C(C)CC2=CC=CC=C2)C3=CC=CC=C3", ["\u03b1-Methylfentanyl is an analog of fentanyl with opioid analgesic properties."]], ["3-Methylthiofentanyl", "CCC(=O)N(C1CCN(CC1C)CCC2=CC=CS2)C3=CC=CC=C3", ["3-methylthiofentanyl is a piperidine compound having a (2-thienyl)ethyl substituent at the 1-position, a methyl group at the 3-position and an N-phenylpropanamido group at the 4-position. It has a role as an opioid analgesic. It is a member of piperidines, a member of thiophenes, an anilide and a monocarboxylic acid amide.", "3-Methyl-thiofentanyl is a [fentanyl] analog and an opioid analgesic that works by inducing central nervous system (CNS) depression."]], ["Acetyl-alpha-methylfentanyl", "CC(CC1=CC=CC=C1)N2CCC(CC2)N(C3=CC=CC=C3)C(=O)C", ["\u03b1-Methylacetylfentanyl is an analog of fentanyl with opioid analgesic properties. It was categorized under the Schedule I in the US and it was illegally sold in early 1980. \u03b1-Methylacetylfentanyl synthesis process is very similar to \u03b1-methylfentanyl with the substitution of the acetic anhydride for the production of chemical propionic anhydride in the synthesis."]], ["alpha-Methylthiofentanyl", "CCC(=O)N(C1CCN(CC1)C(C)CC2=CC=CS2)C3=CC=CC=C3", ["alpha-methylthiofentanyl is an opioid analgesic that is an analog of fentanyl."]], ["methyl (1R,10S,11R,12R)-11-acetyloxy-12-ethyl-4-[(13S,15S,17S)-17-ethyl-17-hydroxy-13-methoxycarbonyl-1,11-diazatetracyclo[13.3.1.04,12.05,10]nonadeca-4(12),5,7,9-tetraen-13-yl]-8-formyl-10-hydroxy-5-methoxy-8,16-diazapentacyclo[10.6.1.01,9.02,7.016,19]nonadeca-2,4,6,13-tetraene-10-carboxylate", "CC[C@@]1(C[C@@H]2C[C@@](C3=C(CCN(C2)C1)C4=CC=CC=C4N3)(C5=C(C=C6C(=C5)[C@]78CCN9C7[C@@](C=CC9)([C@H]([C@@](C8N6C=O)(C(=O)OC)O)OC(=O)C)CC)OC)C(=O)OC)O", ["Vincristine appears as a white crystalline solid. Melting point 218 \u00b0C. Used as an antineoplastic.", "Vincristine is a natural alkaloid isolated from the plant Vinca rosea Linn. Vincristine binds irreversibly to microtubules and spindle proteins in S phase of the cell cycle and interferes with the formation of the mitotic spindle, thereby arresting tumor cells in metaphase. This agent also depolymerizes microtubules and may also interfere with amino acid, cyclic AMP, and glutathione metabolism; calmodulin-dependent Ca++ -transport ATPase activity; cellular respiration; and nucleic acid and lipid biosynthesis. (NCI04)", "An antitumor alkaloid isolated from VINCA ROSEA. (Merck, 11th ed.)"]], ["Vanillyl alcohol", "COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)CO)O", ["Vanillyl alcohol is a monomethoxybenzene that is 2-methoxyphenol substituted by a hydroxymethyl group at position 4. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a member of guaiacols and a member of benzyl alcohols.", "Vanillyl alcohol has been used in trials studying the treatment of Smoking.", "Vanillyl alcohol is a natural product found in Artemisia rutifolia, Euglena gracilis, and other organisms with data available."]], ["Diampromide", "CCC(=O)N(CC(C)N(C)CCC1=CC=CC=C1)C2=CC=CC=C2", ["Diampromide is an anilide."]], ["Thiofentanyl", "CCC(=O)N(C1CCN(CC1)CCC2=CC=CS2)C3=CC=CC=C3", ["Thienylfentanyl is an anilide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of N-phenyl-1-[2-(2-thienyl)ethyl]piperidin-4-amine with propanoic acid. It has a role as an opioid analgesic. It is a member of piperidines, a member of thiophenes and an anilide.", "Thienylfentanyl is a fentanyl analog analgesic that was sold on the black market in the 1980s until the Federal Analog Act scheduled drugs based on structural similarity rather than scheduling drugs individually. Thienylfentanyl has a similar synthesis pathway to fentanyl except 2-(2-bromoethyl)thiophene is substituted for phenethyl bromide."]], ["Rolicyclidine", "C1CCC(CC1)(C2=CC=CC=C2)N3CCCC3", ["Rolicyclidine is pyrrolidine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 1-phenylcyclohex-1-yl group. It has a role as a hallucinogen, a NMDA receptor antagonist and a general anaesthetic. It is a tertiary amine and a member of pyrrolidines.", "Rolicyclidine (PCPy) is classified as a dissociative anesthetic agent. It also has hallucinogenic and sedative properties. Because of its pharmacodynamic similarity to the drug phencyclidine (PCP),  rolicyclidine was added to the Schedule I list of illegal drugs in the USA in the 1970s."]], ["Triammonium iron(3+) trioxalate", "C(=O)(C(=O)[O-])O.C(=O)(C(=O)[O-])O.C(=O)(C(=O)[O-])O.N.N.N.[Fe+3]", ["Ferric ammonium oxalate appears as a green crystalline solid. The primary hazard is the threat to the environment. Immediate steps should be taken to limit its spread to the environment. Used in making blueprints."]], ["Sodium sulfate decahydrate", "O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[O-]S(=O)(=O)[O-].[Na+].[Na+]", ["Sodium sulfate decahydrate is a hydrate. It has a role as a cathartic. It contains a sodium sulfate."]], ["Carbogen", "C(=O)=O.O=O", ["Compressed gas, oxidizing, n.o.s. appears as a gas that liberates oxygen, which intensifies the rate of combustion in a fire. Under prolonged exposure to fire or heat the containers may rupture violently and rocket. Obtain the technical name of the material from the shipping papers and contact CHEMTREC, 800-424-9300 for specific response information.", "Carbogen is an inhalant consisting of hyperoxic gas (95%-98% oxygen and 2%-5% carbon dioxide) with radiosensitizing properties.  Inhaled carbogen reduces diffusion-limited tumor hypoxia, increasing tumor radiosensitivity due to the increased availability of molecular oxygen for cytotoxic radiation-induced oxygen free radical production. (NCI04)"]], ["Barium azide", "[N-]=[N+]=[N-].[N-]=[N+]=[N-].[Ba+2]", ["Barium azide, wetted with not less than 50% water appears as a slurry of white crystals. When dry, a high explosive that easily ignited and quick to burn vigorously. Wetting reduces sensitivity to shock and heat. Generates toxic oxides of nitrogen when burned.", "Barium azide, [dry or wetted with < 50 % water] appears as a slurry of white crystals. Considered a flammable solid despite the water content.", "Barium azide is a chemical compound of barium. Barium is a metallic alkaline earth metal with the symbol Ba, and atomic number 56. It never occurs in nature in its pure form due to its reactivity with air, but combines with other chemicals such as sulfur or carbon and oxygen to form barium compounds that may be found as minerals. (L214, 408)"]], ["Tenocyclidine", "C1CCC(CC1)(C2=CC=CS2)N3CCCCC3", ["Tenocyclidine is a tertiary amino compound that consists of cyclohexane having piperidin-1-yl and thiophen-2-yl groups attached at position 1. A dissociative anaesthetic drug with halluccinogenic and stimulant effects. Its effects are similar to those of phencyclidine (PCP, an analogue with the thienyl group replaced by phenyl), but it is rather more potent. It has a role as a central nervous system stimulant, a neuroprotective agent, a hallucinogen and a NMDA receptor antagonist. It is a member of piperidines, a tertiary amino compound and a member of thiophenes.", "Tenocyclidine (TCP, thienyl cyclohexylpiperidine) is a dissociative anesthetic drug with stimulant and hallucinogenic effects. It is more potent than phencyclidine and hence, this drug was classified under the schedule 1 in 1970."]], ["Alseroxylon", "C1C(O1)CCl.C(CNCCNCCNCCN)N", ["Bile acid sequestrants like colestipol have been in use since the 1970s. And even though such an agent may very well be useful in reducing elevated cholesterol levels and decreasing the risk for atherosclerotic vascular disease due to hypercholesterolemia, colestipol is still generally only employed as an adjunct therapy and the relatively physical nature of its pharmacological activity sometimes limits its usefulness.  In particular, as colestipol's general mechanism of action ultimately results in the decreased absorption and enhanced secretion of bile acids and lipids in the feces, patients who take complicated medication regimens, experience constipation or biliary obstruction, etc. may not be good candidates for using the agent owing to its physical effects on the gut.  Alternatively, colestipol predominantly elicits its activities within the gut environment because it undergoes little absorption and metabolism. The resultant lack of systemic exposure consequently means the medication generally demonstrates very few adverse effects inside the body.", "Colestipol is a nonabsorbed bile acid sequestrant that is used a therapy of hyperlipidemia and for the pruritus of chronic liver disease and biliary obstruction. Colestipol has not been associated with clinically apparent liver injury.", "Colestipol is a positively charged, non-digestible, triamine and epoxypropane copolymer anion-exchange resin that binds to bile acids in the intestine to form an insoluble complex, which is excreted in the feces.", "Highly crosslinked and insoluble basic anion exchange resin used as anticholesteremic. It may also may reduce triglyceride levels."]], ["Calcium gluceptate", "C([C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](C(C(=O)[O-])O)O)O)O)O)O.C([C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](C(C(=O)[O-])O)O)O)O)O)O.[Ca+2]", ["Calcium glucoheptonate is the calcium salt of (2xi)-D-gluco-heptonic acid. It is used as a calcium supplement for treatment of hypocalcaemia. It contains a (2xi)-D-gluco-heptonate.", "Calcium supplements such as calcium gluceptate are taken by individuals who are unable to get enough calcium in their regular diet or who have a need for more calcium. They are used to prevent or treat several conditions that may cause hypocalcemia (not enough calcium in the blood). The body needs calcium to make strong bones. Calcium is also needed for the heart, muscles, and nervous system to work properly."]], ["Pipotiazine", "CN(C)S(=O)(=O)C1=CC2=C(C=C1)SC3=CC=CC=C3N2CCCN4CCC(CC4)CCO", ["Pipotiazine has actions similar to those of other phenothiazines. Among the different phenothiazine derivatives, it appears to be less sedating and to have a weak propensity for causing hypotension or potentiating the effects of CNS depressants and anesthetics. However, it produces a high incidence of extra pyramidal reactions. It is used for the maintenance treatment of chronic non-agitated schizophrenic patients. Symptoms of overdose include severe extrapyramidal manifestations, hypotension, lethargy and sedation."]], ["Paroxetine hydrochloride", "C1CNC[C@H]([C@@H]1C2=CC=C(C=C2)F)COC3=CC4=C(C=C3)OCO4.Cl", ["Paroxetine hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt of paroxetine. It is an antidepressant drug. It has a role as an antidepressant, an anxiolytic drug, a hepatotoxic agent, a P450 inhibitor and a serotonin uptake inhibitor. It contains a paroxetinium(1+).", "Paroxetine Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of paroxetine, a phenylpiperidine derivative and a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) with antidepressant and anxiolytic properties. Paroxetine binds to the pre-synaptic serotonin transporter complex resulting in negative allosteric modulation of the complex thereby blocking reuptake of serotonin by the pre-synaptic transporter. Inhibition of serotonin recycling enhances serotonergic function through serotonin accumulation in the synaptic cleft, resulting in long-term desensitization and downregulation of 5HT1 (serotonin) receptors and leading to symptomatic relief of depressive illness.", "A serotonin uptake inhibitor that is effective in the treatment of depression."]], ["Deferoxamine hydrochloride", "CC(=O)N(CCCCCNC(=O)CCC(=O)N(CCCCCNC(=O)CCC(=O)N(CCCCCN)O)O)O.Cl", ["Deferoxamine Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of deferoxamine, an iron chelating agent.  Deferoxamine chelates iron from intra-lysosomal ferritin and hemosiderin forming ferrioxamine, a water-soluble chelate excreted by the kidneys and in the feces via the bile.  This agent does not readily bind iron from transferrin, hemoglobin, myoglobin or cytochrome. (NCI)", "Natural product isolated from Streptomyces pilosus. It forms iron complexes and is used as a chelating agent, particularly in the mesylate form."]], ["Cisatracurium", "C[N@@+]1(CCC2=CC(=C(C=C2[C@H]1CC3=CC(=C(C=C3)OC)OC)OC)OC)CCC(=O)OCCCCCOC(=O)CC[N@+]4(CCC5=CC(=C(C=C5[C@H]4CC6=CC(=C(C=C6)OC)OC)OC)OC)C", ["Cisatracurium is a diester that is the (1R,1'R,2R,2'R)-diastereoisomer of atracurium, a quaternary ammonium ion consisting of pentane-1,5-diol with both hydroxy functions bearing 3-[1-(3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-2-methyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolinium-2(1H)-yl]propanoyl groups. The active species in the skeletal muscle relaxant cisatracurium besylate. It has a role as a muscle relaxant and a nicotinic antagonist. It is a diester and a quaternary ammonium ion.", "Cisatracurium is a non-depolarising neuromuscular blocking agent of the benzylisoquinolinium class, available in its salt form, cisatracurium besylate. Cisatracurium has an intermediate duration of action and is one of the most commonly used neuromuscular blocking agents in intensive care.. Cisatracurium acts on cholinergic receptors, blocking neuromuscular transmission. This action is antagonized by acetylcholinesterase inhibitors such as neostigmine. Cisatracurium is an R-cis-R-cis isomer of [atracurium] and has approximately 3 times its neuromuscular blocking potency. Compared to atracurium, cisatracurium produces a lower degree of histamine release.", "Cisatracurium is a Nondepolarizing Neuromuscular Blocker. The physiologic effect of cisatracurium is by means of Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Blockade.", "Cisatracurium is a non-depolarizing skeletal muscle relaxant of the benzylisoquinolinium class, with skeletal muscle relaxing activity. Cisatracurium besylate acts as a competitive acetylcholine antagonist that binds to nicotinic receptors at the neuromuscular junction. This blocks neuromuscular transmission and causes neuromuscular relaxation."]], ["Venlafaxine hydrochloride", "CN(C)CC(C1=CC=C(C=C1)OC)C2(CCCCC2)O.Cl", ["Venlafaxine Hydrochloride is a synthetic ethyl-cyclohexanol derivative used for the treatment of depression, Venlafaxine Hydrochloride is metabolized to O-desmethylvenlafaxine, which potentiates CNS activity.  Both venlafaxine and its active metabolite inhibit neuronal reuptake of norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin. (NCI04)", "A cyclohexanol and phenylethylamine derivative that functions as a SEROTONIN AND NORADRENALINE REUPTAKE INHIBITOR (SNRI) and is used as an ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENT."]], ["Trazodone hydrochloride", "C1CN(CCN1CCCN2C(=O)N3C=CC=CC3=N2)C4=CC(=CC=C4)Cl.Cl", ["Trazodone hydrochloride is a hydrochloride salt prepared from equimolar amounts of trazodone and hydrogen chloride. It has a role as a serotonin uptake inhibitor, a H1-receptor antagonist, an adrenergic antagonist, a sedative and an antidepressant. It contains a trazodone.", "Trazodone Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of trazodone, a synthetic triazolopyridine derivative with antidepressant and sedative properties. Based on studies from animal models, trazodone selectively inhibits the re-uptake of serotonin by synaptosomes in the brain, thereby increasing serotonin levels in the synaptic cleft and potentiating serotonin activity. Trazodone is not a monoamine oxidase inhibitor and, unlike amphetamine-type drugs, does not stimulate the central nervous system. The sedative effect of trazodone is likely via alpha-adrenergic and mild histamine H1 blocking actions.", "A serotonin uptake inhibitor that is used as an antidepressive agent. It has been shown to be effective in patients with major depressive disorders and other subsets of depressive disorders. It is generally more useful in depressive disorders associated with insomnia and anxiety. This drug does not aggravate psychotic symptoms in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorders. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p309)"]], ["Triamterene and hydrochlorothiazide", "C1NC2=CC(=C(C=C2S(=O)(=O)N1)S(=O)(=O)N)Cl.C1=CC=C(C=C1)C2=NC3=C(N=C(N=C3N=C2N)N)N", ["Hydrochlorothiazide-Triamterene is a combination drug containing hydrochlorothiazide and triamterene used as a diuretic."]], ["CID 62955", "CC(C)NCC(COC1=CC=C(C=C1)COCCOC(C)C)O.CC(C)NCC(COC1=CC=C(C=C1)COCCOC(C)C)O.C(=CC(=O)O)C(=O)O", ["Bisoprolol Fumarate is the fumarate salt of a synthetic phenoxy-2-propanol-derived cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic receptor antagonist with antihypertensive and potential cardioprotective activities. Devoid of intrinsic sympathomimetic activity, bisoprolol selectively and competitively binds to and blocks beta-1 adrenergic receptors in the heart, decreasing cardiac contractility and rate, reducing cardiac output, and lowering blood pressure. In addition, this agent may exhibit antihypertensive activity through the inhibition of renin secretion by juxtaglomerular epithelioid (JGE) cells in the kidney, thus inhibiting activation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). Bisoprolol has been shown to be cardioprotective in animal models.", "A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic blocker. It is effective in the management of HYPERTENSION and ANGINA PECTORIS."]], ["Trovafloxacin", "C1[C@@H]2[C@@H](C2N)CN1C3=C(C=C4C(=O)C(=CN(C4=N3)C5=C(C=C(C=C5)F)F)C(=O)O)F", ["Trovafloxacin is a 1,8-naphthyridine derivative that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carboxylic acid bearing additional 2,4-difluorophenyl, fluoro and 6-amino-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hex-3-yl substituents at positions 1, 6 and 7 respectively. A broad-spectrum antibiotic that was withdrawn from the market due to risk of liver failure. It has a role as an antimicrobial agent, a hepatotoxic agent, a topoisomerase IV inhibitor, a DNA synthesis inhibitor and an antibacterial drug. It is a 1,8-naphthyridine derivative, an amino acid, a monocarboxylic acid, an azabicycloalkane, a tertiary amino compound, a primary amino compound, a quinolone antibiotic, a fluoroquinolone antibiotic and a difluorobenzene. It is a conjugate base of a trovafloxacin(1+).", "Trovafloxacin is a broad spectrum antibiotic that has been commonly marketed under the brand name Trovan by Pfizer. It exerts its antibacterial activity by inhibiting the uncoiling of supercoiled DNA in various bacteria by blocking the activity of DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV. It was shown to be more effective against Gram-positive bacteria than Gram-negative bacteria when compared to previous fluoroquinolones. Due to its hepatotoxic potential, trovafloxacin was withdrawn from the market."]], ["Cephalexin hydrochloride", "CC1=C(N2[C@@H]([C@@H](C2=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](C3=CC=CC=C3)N)SC1)C(=O)O.O.Cl", ["Cephalexin Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of cephalexin, a beta-lactam, first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with bactericidal activity. Cephalexin hydrochloride binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBP) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall. PBPs participate in the terminal stages of assembling the bacterial cell wall, and in reshaping the cell wall during cell division. Inactivation of PBPs interferes with the cross-linkage of peptidoglycan chains necessary for bacterial cell wall strength and rigidity. This results in the weakening of the bacterial cell wall and causes cell lysis.", "A semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic with antimicrobial activity similar to that of CEPHALORIDINE or CEPHALOTHIN, but somewhat less potent. It is effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms."]], ["Ranitidine bismuth citrate", "CNC(=C[N+](=O)[O-])NCCSCC1=CC=C(O1)CN(C)C.C(C(=O)[O-])C(CC(=O)[O-])(C(=O)[O-])O.[Bi+3]", ["Ranitidine Bismuth Citrate is a member of the class of histamine H2-receptor antagonists with antacid activity. Ranitidine is a competitive and reversible inhibitor of the action of histamine, released by enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cells, at the histamine H2-receptors on parietal cells in the stomach, thereby inhibiting the normal and meal-stimulated secretion of stomach acid. In addition, other substances that promote acid secretion have a reduced effect on parietal cells when the H2 receptors are blocked."]], ["Cipro", "C1CC1N2C=C(C(=O)C3=CC(=C(C=C32)N4CCNCC4)F)C(=O)O.O.Cl", ["Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride hydrate is the monohydrate form of ciprofloxacin monohydrochloride. It has a role as an EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor, an antibacterial drug, a topoisomerase IV inhibitor and an antiinfective agent. It contains a ciprofloxacin hydrochloride (anhydrous).", "Ciprofloxacin is an antibacterial prescription medicine approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment and prevention of several infections caused by certain types of bacteria, for example, certain urinary tract infections, lower respiratory tract infections, and skin infections.", "Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of ciprofloxacin, a fluoroquinolone related to nalidixic acid with antibacterial activity. Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride exerts its bactericidal effect by interfering with the bacterial DNA gyrase, thereby inhibiting the DNA synthesis and preventing bacterial cell growth.", "A broad-spectrum antimicrobial carboxyfluoroquinoline."]], ["(22S)-Budesonide", "CCC[C@H]1O[C@@H]2C[C@H]3[C@@H]4CCC5=CC(=O)C=C[C@@]5([C@H]4[C@H](C[C@@]3([C@@]2(O1)C(=O)CO)C)O)C", ["A glucocorticoid used in the management of ASTHMA, the treatment of various skin disorders, and allergic RHINITIS."]], ["Norlutate", "CC(=O)O[C@@]1(CC[C@@H]2[C@@]1(CC[C@H]3[C@H]2CCC4=CC(=O)CC[C@H]34)C)C#C", ["Norethindrone Acetate is the orally bioavailable acetate salt of norethindrone, a synthetic progestin with some anabolic, estrogenic, and androgenic activities. As do all progestins, norethindrone binds to and activates nuclear progesterone receptors (PRs) in target tissues such as the pituitary and reproductive system; ligand-receptor complexes are translocated to the nucleus where they bind to progesterone response elements (PREs) located on target genes, followed by various transcriptional events and histone acetylation. Physiological effects include the inhibition of luteinizing hormone (LH) release, an increase in the endometrial luteal-phase, and alterations in endocervical mucus secretion.", "Acetate ester of norethindrone that is used as a long-term contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS)."]], ["Dexamethasone dipropionate", "CCC(=O)OCC(=O)[C@]1([C@@H](C[C@@H]2[C@@]1(C[C@@H]([C@]3([C@H]2CCC4=CC(=O)C=C[C@@]43C)F)O)C)C)OC(=O)CC", ["Dexamethasone dipropionate is a corticosteroid hormone."]], ["Fozivudine tidoxil", "CCCCCCCCCCCCSCC(COP(=O)(O)OC[C@@H]1[C@H](C[C@@H](O1)N2C=C(C(=O)NC2=O)C)N=[N+]=[N-])OCCCCCCCCCC", ["Fozivudine Tidoxil has been used in trials studying the treatment of HIV Infections."]], ["Nelfinavir", "CC1=C(C=CC=C1O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CSC2=CC=CC=C2)[C@@H](CN3C[C@H]4CCCC[C@H]4C[C@H]3C(=O)NC(C)(C)C)O", ["Nelfinavir is an aryl sulfide that is used (as its mesylate salt) for treatment of HIV and also exhibits some anticancer properties. It has a role as a HIV protease inhibitor and an antineoplastic agent. It is a member of benzamides, a member of phenols, an aryl sulfide, a secondary alcohol, a tertiary amino compound and an organic heterobicyclic compound. It is a conjugate base of a nelfinavir(1+).", "Nelfinavir is a potent HIV-1 protease inhibitor. It is used in combination with other antiviral drugs in the treatment of HIV in both adults and children. Nelfinavir inhibits the HIV viral proteinase enzyme which prevents cleavage of the gag-pol polyprotein, resulting in noninfectious, immature viral particles.", "Nelfinavir is a Protease Inhibitor. The mechanism of action of nelfinavir is as a HIV Protease Inhibitor, and Cytochrome P450 3A Inhibitor.", "Nelfinavir is an antiretroviral protease inhibitor used in the therapy and prevention of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Nelfinavir can cause transient and usually asymptomatic elevations in serum aminotransferase levels and is a rare cause of clinically apparent, acute liver injury. In HBV or HCV coinfected patients, hepatic injury during antiretroviral therapy that includes nelfinavir may be a result of exacerbation of the underlying chronic hepatitis B or C, rather than a direct effect of the medication.", "Nelfinavir is a synthetic antiviral agent that selectively binds to and inhibits human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) protease. Nelfinavir has activity against HIV 1 and 2.", "A potent HIV protease inhibitor. It is used in combination with other antiviral drugs in the treatment of HIV in both adults and children."]], ["Cyclosarin", "CP(=O)(OC1CCCCC1)F", ["Cyclo-sarin is a colorless liquid, odorless to fruity."]], ["Doxapram hydrochloride", "CCN1CC(C(C1=O)(C2=CC=CC=C2)C3=CC=CC=C3)CCN4CCOCC4.Cl", ["Doxapram Hydrochloride is a peripheral and central respiratory stimulant with a brief duration of action. Doxapram hydrochloride stimulates respiration by an action on chemoreceptors in the carotid arteries and, at increased dosage, stimulates central respiratory centers in the medulla as well as other parts of the brain and spinal cord. This results in an increased tidal volume and a slightly increased respiratory rate. Doxapram hydrochloride may also improve cardiac output probably due to an increased release of catecholamines. This respiratory stimulant is used in postanesthesia respiratory depression.", "A central respiratory stimulant with a brief duration of action. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmocopoeia, 30th ed, p1225)"]], ["Cloxacillin benzathine", "CC1=C(C(=NO1)C2=CC=CC=C2Cl)C(=O)N[C@H]3[C@@H]4N(C3=O)[C@H](C(S4)(C)C)C(=O)O.CC1=C(C(=NO1)C2=CC=CC=C2Cl)C(=O)N[C@H]3[C@@H]4N(C3=O)[C@H](C(S4)(C)C)C(=O)O.C1=CC=C(C=C1)CNCCNCC2=CC=CC=C2", ["Cloxacillin Benzathine is the benzathine salt form of a semisynthetic beta-lactamase resistant penicillin antibiotic with antibacterial activity. Cloxacillin binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall, thereby preventing the cross-linkage of peptidoglycans, which are critical components of the bacterial cell wall. This leads to a weakening of the bacterial cell wall, eventually causing bacterial cell lysis."]], ["Meclizine hydrochloride", "CC1=CC(=CC=C1)CN2CCN(CC2)C(C3=CC=CC=C3)C4=CC=C(C=C4)Cl.Cl.Cl", ["A histamine H1 antagonist used in the treatment of motion sickness, vertigo, and nausea during pregnancy and radiation sickness."]], ["Mevastatin", "CC[C@H](C)C(=O)O[C@H]1CCC=C2[C@H]1[C@H]([C@H](C=C2)C)CC[C@@H]3C[C@H](CC(=O)O3)O", ["Mevastatin is a carboxylic ester that is pravastatin that is lacking the allylic hydroxy group. A hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitor (statin) isolated from Penicillium citrinum and from Penicillium brevicompactum, its clinical use as a lipid-regulating drug ceased following reports of toxicity in animals. It has a role as a fungal metabolite, an EC 3.4.24.83 (anthrax lethal factor endopeptidase) inhibitor, an antifungal agent, a Penicillium metabolite and an apoptosis inducer. It is a carboxylic ester, a statin (naturally occurring), a member of hexahydronaphthalenes, a member of 2-pyranones and a polyketide.", "Mevastatin or compactin is a cholesterol-lowering agent isolated from Penicillium citinium. It was the first discovered agent belonging to the class of cholesterol-lowering medications known as statins. During a search for antibiotic compounds produced by fungi in 1971, Akira Endo at Sankyo Co. (Japan) discovered a class of compounds that appeared to lower plasma cholesterol levels. Two years later, the research group isolated a compound structurally similar to hydroxymethylglutarate (HMG) that inhibited the incorporation of acetate. The compound was proposed to bind to the reductase enzyme and was named compactin. Mevastatin is a competitive inhibitor of HMG-Coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase with a binding affinity 10,000 times greater than the HMG-CoA substrate itself. Mevastatin is a pro-drug that is activated by in vivo hydrolysis of the lactone ring. It has served as one of the lead compounds for the development of the synthetic compounds used today.", "Mevastatin is a natural product found in Morus lhou, Penicillium javanicum, and other organisms with data available.", "Mevastatin is an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor that was initially isolated from the mold Pythium ultimum. Mevastatin was the first statin to enter clinical trials."]], ["Magnesium salicylate", "C1=CC=C(C(=C1)C(=O)[O-])O.C1=CC=C(C(=C1)C(=O)[O-])O.[Mg+2]", ["Magnesium salicylate is a carbonyl compound and a member of benzenes."]], ["Alfentanil hydrochloride", "CCC(=O)N(C1=CC=CC=C1)C2(CCN(CC2)CCN3C(=O)N(N=N3)CC)COC.Cl", ["Alfentanil Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt of alfentanil, a synthetic short-acting opioid with analgesic and local anesthesia enhancing activity. Alfentanil primarily binds to mu-opioid receptor, a G-protein-coupled receptor, thereby mimicking the actions of morphine, the prototypical mu receptor agonist. This agent induces anti-nociception responses mediated through inhibiting the release of various neurotransmitters such as substance P, GABA, dopamine, acetylcholine and noradrenaline; in addition, the release of vasopressin, somatostatin, insulin and glucagon are also inhibited.", "A short-acting opioid anesthetic and analgesic derivative of FENTANYL. It produces an early peak analgesic effect and fast recovery of consciousness. Alfentanil is effective as an anesthetic during surgery, for supplementation of analgesia during surgical procedures, and as an analgesic for critically ill patients."]], ["Alfenta", "CCC(=O)N(C1=CC=CC=C1)C2(CCN(CC2)CCN3C(=O)N(N=N3)CC)COC.O.Cl", ["Alfentanil Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt of alfentanil, a synthetic short-acting opioid with analgesic and local anesthesia enhancing activity. Alfentanil primarily binds to mu-opioid receptor, a G-protein-coupled receptor, thereby mimicking the actions of morphine, the prototypical mu receptor agonist. This agent induces anti-nociception responses mediated through inhibiting the release of various neurotransmitters such as substance P, GABA, dopamine, acetylcholine and noradrenaline; in addition, the release of vasopressin, somatostatin, insulin and glucagon are also inhibited.", "A short-acting opioid anesthetic and analgesic derivative of FENTANYL. It produces an early peak analgesic effect and fast recovery of consciousness. Alfentanil is effective as an anesthetic during surgery, for supplementation of analgesia during surgical procedures, and as an analgesic for critically ill patients."]], ["Sibutramine hydrochloride", "CC(C)CC(C1(CCC1)C2=CC=C(C=C2)Cl)N(C)C.Cl", ["Sibutramine Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of sibutramine, a phenethylamine derivative with appetite depressant property. Sibutramine hydrochloride metabolites M1 and M2 competitively inhibit the reuptake of norepinephrine, serotonin, and to a lesser degree dopamine by pre-synaptic nerve terminals, thereby promoting a sense of satiety, leading to a decrease in calorie intake, and possibly an increase in resting metabolic rate. This agent does not exhibit anticholinergic or antihistaminic effects."]], ["Spectinomycin sulfate tetrahydrate", "C[C@@H]1CC(=O)[C@]2([C@@H](O1)O[C@@H]3[C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]3O2)NC)O)NC)O)O.O.O.O.O.OS(=O)(=O)O", ["Spectinomycin Sulfate Tetrahydrate is the tetrahydrate sulfate salt form of spectinomycin, an aminocyclitol aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from Streptomyces spectabilis with bacteriostatic activity. Spectinomycin binds to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit. As a result, this agent interferes with the initiation of protein synthesis and with proper protein elongation. This eventually leads to bacterial cell death."]], ["Spectinomycin sulfate", "C[C@@H]1CC(=O)[C@]2([C@@H](O1)O[C@@H]3[C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]3O2)NC)O)NC)O)O.OS(=O)(=O)O", ["Spectinomycin Sulfate is the sulfate salt form of spectinomycin, an aminocyclitol aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from Streptomyces spectabilis with bacteriostatic activity. Spectinomycin binds to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit. As a result, this agent interferes with the initiation of protein synthesis and with proper protein elongation. This eventually leads to bacterial cell death.", "An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces spectabilis. It is active against gram-negative bacteria and used for the treatment of gonorrhea."]], ["Calcium glubionate anhydrous", "C([C@@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O1)O[C@H]([C@@H](CO)O)[C@@H]([C@H](C(=O)[O-])O)O)O)O)O)O.C([C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](C(=O)[O-])O)O)O)O)O.[Ca+2]", ["Calcium glubionate (or glubionate calcium) is a mineral supplement to prevent or treat low blood calcium levels in people who do not get enough calcium from their diets."]], ["Aggrastat", "CCCCS(=O)(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(C=C1)OCCCCC2CCNCC2)C(=O)O.Cl", ["Tirofiban Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of tirofiban, a non-peptide tyrosine derivative with anticoagulant property. Tirofiban antagonizes fibrinogen binding to the platelet cell surface receptor, glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIA complex, one of the two purinergic receptors activated by ADP. The antagonism prevents adenylyl cyclase activation, which mediated via GP IIb/IIIa receptor complex, and results in decreased levels of cAMP and thereby interferes with platelet membrane function and subsequent platelet-platelet interaction, release of platelet granule constituents and prolongation of bleeding time.", "Tyrosine analog and PLATELET GLYCOPROTEIN GPIIB-IIIA COMPLEX antagonist that inhibits PLATELET AGGREGATION and is used in the treatment of ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME."]], ["Chloroquine Phosphate", "CCN(CC)CCCC(C)NC1=C2C=CC(=CC2=NC=C1)Cl.OP(=O)(O)O.OP(=O)(O)O", ["Chloroquine Phosphate is the phosphate salt of chloroquine, a quinoline compound with antimalarial and anti-inflammatory properties. Chloroquine is the most widely used drug against malaria, except for those cases caused by chloroquine resistant Plasmodium falciparum. Although the mechanism of action is not fully understood, chloroquine is shown to inhibit the parasitic enzyme heme polymerase that converts the toxic heme into non-toxic hemazoin, thereby resulting in the accumulation of toxic heme within the parasite. Chloroquine may also interfere with the biosynthesis of nucleic acids."]], ["Fenofibric acid", "CC(C)(C(=O)O)OC1=CC=C(C=C1)C(=O)C2=CC=C(C=C2)Cl", ["Fenofibric acid is a monocarboxylic acid that is 2-methylpropanoic acid substituted by a 4-(4-chlorobenzoyl)phenoxy group at position 2. It is a metabolite of the drug fenofibrate. It has a role as a marine xenobiotic metabolite and a drug metabolite. It is a chlorobenzophenone, a monocarboxylic acid and an aromatic ketone.", "Fenofibric acid is a lipid-lowering agent that is used in severe hypertriglyceridemia, primary hyperlipidemia, and mixed dyslipidemia. It works to decrease elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, triglycerides, apolipoprotein B, while increasing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Due to its high hydrophilicity and poor absorption profile, prodrug ,[fenofibrate], and other conjugated compounds of fenofibric acid, such as choline fenofibrate, have been developed for improved solubility, gastrointestinal absorption, and bioavailability, and more convenient administration.", "Fenofibric acid is a Peroxisome Proliferator Receptor alpha Agonist.", "Fenofibric Acid is the active form of fenofibrate, a synthetic phenoxy-isobutyric acid derivate with antihyperlipidemic activity."]], ["Trimethoprim sulfate", "COC1=CC(=CC(=C1OC)OC)CC2=CN=C(N=C2N)N.COC1=CC(=CC(=C1OC)OC)CC2=CN=C(N=C2N)N.OS(=O)(=O)O", ["Trimethoprim Sulfate is the sulfate salt form of trimethoprim, a synthetic substituted pyrimidine with antibacterial activity. Trimethoprim sulfate selectively binds to and reversibly inhibits dihydrofolate reductase, thereby blocking the production of tetrahydrofolic acid from dihydrofolic acid. This leads to an inhibition of bacterial synthesis of folic acid, thereby affecting nucleic acid and protein synthesis. Trimethoprim sulfate has a stronger binding affinity for the bacterial enzyme than for the corresponding mammalian enzyme."]], ["Sulfametrole", "COC1=NSN=C1NS(=O)(=O)C2=CC=C(C=C2)N", ["Sulfametrole is a sulfonamide obtained by formal condensation of the sulfo group of 4-aminobenzenesulfonic acid with the amino group of 4-methoxy-1,2,5-thiadiazol-3-amine. It is a sulfonamide antibiotic, a member of thiadiazoles, an aromatic ether and a substituted aniline. It derives from a hydride of a 1,2,5-thiadiazole.", "Sulfametrole is a sulfonamide antibiotic used typically in combination with trimethoprim."]], ["Glucantime", "CNC[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](CO)O)O)O)O.O[Sb](=O)=O", ["ANTIMONY salt of meglumine that is used in the treatment of LEISHMANIASIS."]], ["Iodonitrotetrazolium chloride", "C1=CC=C(C=C1)C2=NN([N+](=N2)C3=CC=C(C=C3)[N+](=O)[O-])C4=CC=C(C=C4)I.[Cl-]", ["Iodonitrotetrazolium chloride is an organic chloride salt having iodonitrotetrazolium as the counterion. It has a role as a histological dye. It contains an iodonitrotetrazolium."]], ["Calanolide A", "CCCC1=CC(=O)OC2=C1C3=C(C=CC(O3)(C)C)C4=C2[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O4)C)C)O", ["(+)-calanolide A is an organic heterotetracyclic compound that is 11,12-dihydro-2H,6H,10H-dipyrano[2,3-f:2',3'-h]chromen-2-one substituted by a hydroxy group at position 12, methyl groups at positions 6, 6, 10 and 11 and a propyl group at position 4 (the 10R,11S,12S stereoisomer). Isolated from Calophyllum lanigerum var austrocoriaceum and Calophyllum brasiliense, it exhibits potent activity against HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. It has a role as a HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor and a plant metabolite. It is an organic heterotetracyclic compound, a delta-lactone, a cyclic ether and a secondary alcohol.", "Calanolide A is a new non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) derived from a plant found in the Malaysian rain forest. A related compound, calanolide B, also has anti-HIV activity. Both drugs are being developed by Sarawak Pharmaceuticals. A preliminary dosing study among HIV-infected individuals showed a significant antiviral effect compared with placebo.", "Calanolide A is a natural product found in Calophyllum brasiliense, Calophyllum teysmannii, and Calophyllum lanigerum with data available."]], ["Dexelvucitabine", "C1=C[C@@H](O[C@@H]1CO)N2C=C(C(=NC2=O)N)F", ["Dexelvucitabine has been used in trials studying the treatment of HIV Infections and Human Immunodeficiency Virus.", "Dexelvucitabine is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor analog of cytosine."]], ["Arctigenin", "COC1=C(C=C(C=C1)C[C@H]2COC(=O)[C@@H]2CC3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)OC)OC", ["(-)-Arctigenin is a lignan.", "Arctigenin is a natural product found in Centaurea cineraria, Forsythia suspensa, and other organisms with data available."]], ["Emivirine", "CCOCN1C(=C(C(=O)NC1=O)C(C)C)CC2=CC=CC=C2", ["Emivirine is a pyrimidone that is uracil which is substituted at positions 1, 5 and 6 by ethoxymethyl, isopropyl, and benzyl groups, respectively. A non-nucleoside inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, emivirine was an unsuccessful experimental agent for the treatment of HIV. It has a role as a HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor and an antiviral drug. It is functionally related to a uracil.", "Emivirine has been used in trials studying the treatment of HIV Infections.", "Emivirine is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor. Emivirine has a structure typical of a nucleoside analog but has been shown to bind directly to the reverse transcriptase and act as an NNRTI. However, it is no longer in development due to the fact that it causes an increasingly rapid breakdown of other drugs metabolized by the cytochrome P450 enzyme."]], ["Oseltamivir", "CCC(CC)O[C@@H]1C=C(C[C@@H]([C@H]1NC(=O)C)N)C(=O)OCC", ["Oseltamivir is a cyclohexenecarboxylate ester that is the ethyl ester of oseltamivir acid. An antiviral prodrug (it is hydrolysed to the active free carboxylic acid in the liver), it is used to slow the spread of influenza. It has a role as a prodrug, an EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor, an antiviral drug, an environmental contaminant and a xenobiotic. It is a cyclohexenecarboxylate ester, an amino acid ester, a primary amino compound and a member of acetamides.", "Oseltamivir (marketed as the product Tamiflu\u24c7), is an antiviral neuraminidase inhibitor used for the treatment and prophylaxis of infection with influenza viruses A (including pandemic H1N1) and B. Oseltamivir exerts its antiviral activity by inhibiting the activity of the viral neuraminidase enzyme found on the surface of the virus, which prevents budding from the host cell, viral replication, and infectivity.  The clinical benefit of use of oseltamivir is greatest when administered within 48 hours of the onset of influenza symptoms since effectiveness decreases significantly after that point in time; there is generally no benefit in use beyond 48 hours for healthy, low-risk individuals as influenza is a self-limiting illness. However, antiviral treatment might be beneficial when initiated after 48 hours for patients with severe, complicated or progressive illness or for hospitalized patients. According to the CDC, data from clinical trials and observational studies have demonstrated that early antiviral treatment can shorten the duration of fever and illness symptoms, and may reduce the risk of some complications (including pneumonia and respiratory failure). They recommend the use of oseltamivir in people with a higher risk of developing complications including children younger than 2 years, people over 65 years, people with some chronic conditions or immunosuppression, pregnant women, residents of long term care facilities, and indigenous communities for example.  The benefits of oseltamivir use are controversial; a 2014 Cochrane Review of the evidence found that oseltamivir treatment had limited benefit. The authors concluded that oseltamivir use in healthy adults had small, non-specific effects on symptoms (where the time to first alleviation of symptoms was only reduced from 7 to 6.3 days), it had no effect on hospitalizations, and that there was no evidence for any reductions in complications of influenza such as pneumonia. Due to the risk of adverse effects such as nausea, vomiting, psychiatric effects and renal adverse events in adults and vomiting in children, the harms are generally considered to outweigh the small clinical benefit of use of oseltamivir.   Notably, in 2017, the World Health Organization downgraded oseltamivir from its essential medicines list from a \"core\" drug to a \"complementary\" drug, due to limited cost-effectiveness. Yearly vaccination with the influenza vaccine is still considered the best preventative measure.", "Oseltamivir is a Neuraminidase Inhibitor. The mechanism of action of oseltamivir is as a Neuraminidase Inhibitor.", "Oseltamivir is an inhibitor of the influenza neuraminidase enzyme and is used as therapy and prophylaxis against influenza A and B. Oseltamivir has not been associated with clinically apparent liver injury.", "Oseltamivir is a natural product found in Isatis tinctoria, Aspergillus ochraceopetaliformis, and Glycyrrhiza inflata with data available.", "Oseltamivir is a synthetic derivative prodrug of ethyl ester with antiviral activity. Osetamivir blocks neuraminidases on the surfaces of influenza viruses, interfering with host cell release of complete viral particles.", "An acetamido cyclohexene that is a structural homolog of SIALIC ACID and inhibits NEURAMINIDASE."]], ["Cholesterol sulfate", "C[C@H](CCCC(C)C)[C@H]1CC[C@@H]2[C@@]1(CC[C@H]3[C@H]2CC=C4[C@@]3(CC[C@@H](C4)OS(=O)(=O)O)C)C", ["Cholesterol sulfate is a steroid sulfate that is cholesterol substituted by a sulfoxy group at position 3. It has a role as a human metabolite. It is functionally related to a cholesterol. It is a conjugate acid of a cholesterol sulfate(1-).", "Component of human seminal plasma & spermatozoa.", "Cholesterol sulfate is a natural product found in Gorgonocephalus eucnemis, Eupentacta fraudatrix, and other organisms with data available."]], ["6-Sulfatoxymelatonin", "CC(=O)NCCC1=CNC2=CC(=C(C=C21)OC)OS(=O)(=O)O", ["6-sulfatoxymelatonin is a member of acetamides."]], ["Thomsen-friedenreich antigen", "CC(=O)N[C@@H](C=O)[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H](CO)O)O)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@H](O1)CO)O)O)O", ["Thomsen-Friedenreich Antigen is a type 1 core O-glycan with potential immunotherapeutic property. Thomsen-Friedenreich (TF) antigen, a galactose disaccharide, is normally O-linked to serine or threonine residue of mucins (MUC1), a transmembrane glycoprotein overexpressed on epithelial cell surface of a variety of tumor cells. The expression of this antigen is associated with tumor cell adhesion, tissue invasion and aggressiveness. When administered in a vaccine formulation, TF antigen may stimulate a cytotoxic T cell response against tumors expressing TF epitope, which may result in a reduction in tumor size."]], ["Testosterone undecanoate", "CCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H]1CC[C@@H]2[C@@]1(CC[C@H]3[C@H]2CCC4=CC(=O)CC[C@]34C)C", ["Testosterone undecanoate is a steroid ester.", "Testosterone undecanoate is the ester prodrug of [testosterone] and has a mid-chain fatty acid at the carbon 17\u03b2 position. It was developed via fatty acid esterification of testosterone in order to achieve orally administer testosterone. There are oral and intramuscular formulations available for testosterone undecanoate: both formulations are indicated for testosterone replacement therapy in adult males with hypogonadism.   Testosterone is a critical male hormone that is responsible for the normal growth and development of the male sex organs and for the maintenance of secondary sex characteristics. Male hypogonadism, resulting from insufficient testosterone secretion, can result symptoms and signs of testosterone deficiency, such as decreased libido, erectile dysfunction, and loss of muscle and bone mass. Testosterone replacement therapy aims to restore the levels of testosterone, thereby improving symptoms and signs of testosterone deficiency.", "Testosterone Undecanoate is the undecanoate ester form of the androgen testosterone, with gonadotropin-secretory inhibiting and hormone replacement activity. As testosterone inhibits the secretion of gonadotropins from the pituitary gland, administration of testosterone decreases the secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH). By inhibiting LH secretion, the growth of Leydig cells, which are normally stimulated by LH to produce testosterone, may be suppressed. In addition, this agent promotes the maintenance of male sex characteristics and can be used for testosterone replacement in hypogonadal males."]], ["Kasugamycin", "C[C@@H]1[C@H](C[C@@H]([C@H](O1)OC2[C@@H]([C@H](C([C@@H]([C@@H]2O)O)O)O)O)N)N=C(C(=O)O)N", ["Kasugamycin is an amino cyclitol glycoside that is isolated from Streptomyces kasugaensis and exhibits antibiotic and fungicidal properties. It has a role as a bacterial metabolite, a protein synthesis inhibitor and an antifungal agrochemical. It is an amino cyclitol glycoside, an aminoglycoside antibiotic, a monosaccharide derivative, a carboxamidine and an antibiotic fungicide.", "Kasugamycin is a natural product found in Streptomyces kasugaensis and Streptomyces celluloflavus with data available."]], ["Ephedrine hydrochloride", "C[C@@H]([C@@H](C1=CC=CC=C1)O)NC.Cl", ["Ephedrine hydrochloride is an alkylbenzene.", "A phenethylamine found in EPHEDRA SINICA. PSEUDOEPHEDRINE is an isomer. It is an alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonist that may also enhance release of norepinephrine. It has been used for asthma, heart failure, rhinitis, and urinary incontinence, and for its central nervous system stimulatory effects in the treatment of narcolepsy and depression. It has become less extensively used with the advent of more selective agonists."]], ["Desipramine hydrochloride", "CNCCCN1C2=CC=CC=C2CCC3=CC=CC=C31.Cl", ["Desipramine Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of desipramine, a secondary amine tricyclic antidepressant (TCA). In the central nervous system (CNS), desipramine hydrochloride blocks the re-uptake of neurotransmitters, including norepinephrine and serotonin. This leads to an increase in the amount of these neurotransmitters in the synaptic cleft and prolongs their activities postsynaptically.", "A tricyclic dibenzazepine compound that potentiates neurotransmission. Desipramine selectively blocks reuptake of norepinephrine from the neural synapse, and also appears to impair serotonin transport. This compound also possesses minor anticholinergic activity, through its affinity to muscarinic receptors."]], ["Mefloquine hydrochloride", "C1CCN[C@H](C1)[C@H](C2=CC(=NC3=C2C=CC=C3C(F)(F)F)C(F)(F)F)O.Cl", ["Mefloquine hydrochloride is a hydrochloride.", "Mefloquine Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of mefloquine, a piperidinyl quinidine with antimalarial activity. Although the exact mechanism of mefloquine hydrochloride is largely unknown, this agent acts as a blood schizonticide and probably exert its actions by interacting with the phospholipid bilayer, thereby interfering with the stability of the cell membrane and causing cell lysis. Mefloquine hydrochloride is active against Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax.", "A phospholipid-interacting antimalarial drug (ANTIMALARIALS). It is very effective against PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM with very few side effects."]], ["Pipecuronium bromide", "CC(=O)O[C@H]1C[C@@H]2CC[C@@H]3[C@@H]([C@]2(C[C@@H]1N4CC[N+](CC4)(C)C)C)CC[C@]5([C@H]3C[C@@H]([C@@H]5OC(=O)C)N6CC[N+](CC6)(C)C)C.[Br-].[Br-]", ["Pipecuronium bromide is a steroid ester.", "A piperazinyl androstane derivative which is a non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent (NEUROMUSCULAR NONDEPOLARIZING AGENTS). It is used as a muscle relaxant during ANESTHESIA and surgical procedures."]], ["Dopamine hydrochloride", "C1=CC(=C(C=C1CCN)O)O.Cl", ["Dopamine hydrochloride is a catecholamine.", "Dopamine Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of dopamine, a monoamine compound with positive inotropic activity. Dopamine is a naturally occurring catecholamine formed by decarboxylation of dehydroxyphenylalanine and a precursor of norepinephrine and epinephrine. Dopamine binds to alpha-1- and beta-1- adrenergic receptors. Mediated through myocardial beta-1-adrenergic receptors, dopamine increase heart rate and force, thereby increasing cardiac output. Alpha-1-adrenergic receptor stimulation on vascular smooth muscle, leads to vasoconstriction and results in an increase in systemic vascular resistance. Stimulation of dopaminergic receptors in renal vasculature, leads to renal blood vessel dilation, and an increase in glomerular filtration rate, renal blood flow, sodium excretion, and urine output.", "One of the catecholamine NEUROTRANSMITTERS in the brain. It is derived from TYROSINE and is the precursor to NOREPINEPHRINE and EPINEPHRINE. Dopamine is a major transmitter in the extrapyramidal system of the brain, and important in regulating movement. A family of receptors (RECEPTORS, DOPAMINE) mediate its action."]], ["Secoisolariciresinol", "COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C[C@@H](CO)[C@@H](CC2=CC(=C(C=C2)O)OC)CO)O", ["(-)-secoisolariciresinol is an enantiomer of secoisolariciresinol having (-)-(2R,3R)-configuration. It has a role as an antidepressant, a plant metabolite and a phytoestrogen. It is an enantiomer of a (+)-secoisolariciresinol.", "Secoisolariciresinol has been used in trials studying the prevention of Breast Cancer.", "Secoisolariciresinol is a natural product found in Fitzroya cupressoides, Crossosoma bigelovii, and other organisms with data available."]], ["Triciribine", "CN1C2=NC=NC3=C2C(=CN3[C@H]4[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O4)CO)O)O)C(=N1)N", ["Triciribine is a nucleoside analogue in which the nucleobase portion is a 1,4,5,6,8-pentaazaacenaphthylene ring system substituted with an amino group at position 3, and a methyl group at position 5 and is bound to the beta-D-ribofuranosyl moiety by an N(1)-glycosidic linkage. It has a role as an EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor.", "Triciribine has been used in trials studying the treatment of Leukemia, Ovarian Cancer, HER2/Neu Negative, Breast Adenocarcinoma, and Stage IV Breast Cancer, among others."]], ["Fansidar", "CCC1=C(C(=NC(=N1)N)N)C2=CC=C(C=C2)Cl.COC1=C(N=CN=C1OC)NS(=O)(=O)C2=CC=C(C=C2)N", ["Pyrimethamine-Sulfadoxine is a combination product containing pyrimethamine and sulfadoxine.  Pyrimethamine is a competitive inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR).  DHFR is a key enzyme in the redox cycle for production of tetrahydrofolate, a cofactor that is required for the synthesis of DNA and proteins.  Sulfadoxine competitively antagonizes paraaminobenzoic acid (PABA), resulting in disruption of folic acid synthesis and ultimately DNA synthesis. Sulfadoxine acts synergistically with pyrimethamine. (NCI04)"]], ["Gallium citrate ga-67", "C(C(=O)[O-])C(CC(=O)[O-])(C(=O)[O-])O.[67Ga+3]", ["Gallium Citrate (67 Ga) is a carbonyl compound.", "Gallium citrate Ga 67 is the citrate salt of the radioisotope gallium Ga 67. Although the mechanism is unknown, gallium Ga 67 concentrates in lysosomes and is bound to a soluble intracellular protein in certain viable primary and metastatic tumors and focal sites of inflammation, allowing scintigraphic localization. Ga-67 scintigraphy (GS) cannot differentiate between tumor and acute inflammation. [NCI Thesaurus]", "Gallium citrate ga-67 is a Radioactive Diagnostic Agent. The mechanism of action of gallium citrate ga-67 is as a Radiopharmaceutical Activity.", "Gallium Citrate Ga-67 is the citrate salt of the radioisotope gallium Ga 67. Although the mechanism is unknown, gallium Ga 67 concentrates in lysosomes and is bound to a soluble intracellular protein in certain viable primary and metastatic tumors and focal sites of inflammation, allowing scintigraphic localization. Ga-67 scintigraphy (GS) cannot differentiate between tumor and acute inflammation."]], ["Buclizine hydrochloride", "CC(C)(C)C1=CC=C(C=C1)CN2CCN(CC2)C(C3=CC=CC=C3)C4=CC=C(C=C4)Cl.Cl.Cl", ["Buclizine dihydrochloride is a hydrochloride salt that is obtained by reaction of buclizine with 2 equivalents of hydrogen chloride. It has a role as a central nervous system depressant, a local anaesthetic, a histamine antagonist, a cholinergic antagonist and an antiemetic. It contains a buclizine(2+).", "Buclizine Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of buclizine, a piperazine histamine H1 receptor antagonist with primarily antiemetic and antivertigo activities. Buclizine binds to and blocks the histamine H1 receptor, thereby preventing the symptoms that are caused by histamine activity. Buclizine exerts its anti-emetic effect by binding to and blocking the muscarinic and histamine receptors in the vomiting center of the central nervous system (CNS). This may prevent activation of the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) and may reduce nausea and vomiting."]], ["Betamethasone sodium phosphate", "C[C@H]1C[C@H]2[C@@H]3CCC4=CC(=O)C=C[C@@]4([C@]3([C@H](C[C@@]2([C@]1(C(=O)COP(=O)([O-])[O-])O)C)O)F)C.[Na+].[Na+]", ["Betamethasone sodium phosphate is an organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of betamethasone phosphate. It is an organic sodium salt and a tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone. It contains a betamethasone phosphate(2-).", "Betamethasone Sodium Phosphate is the disodium salt of the 21-phosphate ester of betamethasone, a synthetic glucocorticoid with metabolic, immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory actions. Betamethasone sodium phosphate binds to specific intracellular glucocorticoid receptors and subsequently binds to DNA to modify gene expression. The synthesis of certain anti-inflammatory proteins is induced while the synthesis of certain inflammatory mediators is inhibited.  As a result, there is an overall reduction in chronic inflammation and autoimmune reactions."]], ["Iopamidol", "C[C@@H](C(=O)NC1=C(C(=C(C(=C1I)C(=O)NC(CO)CO)I)C(=O)NC(CO)CO)I)O", ["Iopamidol is a benzenedicarboxamide compound having N-substituted carbamoyl groups at the 1- and 3-positions, iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and a (2S)-2-hydroxypropanamido group at the 5-position. It has a role as a radioopaque medium, an environmental contaminant and a xenobiotic. It is a benzenedicarboxamide, an organoiodine compound and a pentol.", "Iopamidol is a contrast agent developed by Bracco with nonionic, low-osmolar properties.", "Iopamidol is a Radiographic Contrast Agent. The mechanism of action of iopamidol is as a X-Ray Contrast Activity.", "Iopamidol is an organic iodine compound and used as a non-ionic water soluble radiographic contrast medium. Iopamidol blocks x-rays as they pass through the body, thereby allowing body structures not containing iodine to be visualized. The degree of opacity produced by iopamidol is directly proportional to the total amount of the iodinated contrast agent in the path of the x-rays. The visualization of body structures is dependent upon the distribution and elimination of iopamidol. (NCI05)", "A non-ionic, water-soluble contrast agent which is used in myelography, arthrography, nephroangiography, arteriography, and other radiological procedures."]], ["Histamine phosphate", "C1=C(NC=N1)CCN.OP(=O)(O)O.OP(=O)(O)O", ["Histamine phosphate is a phosphate salt that is the diphosphate salt of histamine. It has a role as a histamine agonist. It contains a histamine."]], ["Tetrahydrodeoxycortisol", "C[C@]12CC[C@H](C[C@H]1CC[C@@H]3[C@@H]2CC[C@]4([C@H]3CC[C@@]4(C(=O)CO)O)C)O", ["3alpha,17alpha,21-Trihydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one is a 21-hydroxy steroid."]], ["Iprazochrome", "CC(C)N1CC(C2=CC(=C(C=C21)O)N=NC(=O)N)O", ["Iprazochrome is a member of indoles."]], ["Litoxetine", "C1CNCCC1OCC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C2", ["Litoxetine is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03397771 (DBPC Trial to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability and Efficacy of Oral Litoxetine in Subjects With Urinary Incontinence)."]], ["Epicriptine", "CC[C@@H](C)[C@H]1C(=O)N2CCC[C@H]2[C@]3(N1C(=O)[C@](O3)(C(C)C)NC(=O)[C@@H]4C[C@H]5[C@@H](CC6=CNC7=CC=CC5=C67)N(C4)C)O", ["Epicriptine is a peptide ergot alkaloid.", "Epicriptine is also known as beta-dihydroergocryptine presents a molecular formula of 9,10 alpha-dihydro-13'-epi-b-ergocryptine. Together with the alpha-dihydroergocryptine, it represents one-third of the ergoloid mesylate mixture. Epicriptine differs from the alpha form on the position of one methyl group. To know more about the mixture please visit [DB01049]"]], ["Droxicam", "CN1C2=C(C3=CC=CC=C3S1(=O)=O)OC(=O)N(C2=O)C4=CC=CC=N4", ["Droxicam is an organic heterotricyclic compound that is 2H,5H-[1,3]oxazino[5,6-c][1,2]benzothiazine-2,4(3H)-dione 6,6-dioxide substituted at positions 3 and 5 by pyridin-2-yl and methyl groups respectively. A prodrug of piroxicam, it is used for the relief of pain and inflammation in musculoskeletal disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. It has a role as a prodrug, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, a cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor, a non-narcotic analgesic, a platelet aggregation inhibitor and a hepatotoxic agent. It is a member of pyridines and an organic heterotricyclic compound. It is functionally related to a piroxicam.", "Droxicam is an oxicam non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and a prodrug of [DB00554]. It is used to reduce pain and inflammation in musculoskeletal disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis."]], ["Terizidone", "C1C(C(=O)NO1)N=CC2=CC=C(C=C2)C=NC3CONC3=O", ["Terizidone is an organooxygen compound and an organonitrogen compound. It is functionally related to an alpha-amino acid.", "Terizidone has been used in trials studying the treatment of Tuberculosis, HIV Infections, Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis, and Extensively-drug Resistant Tuberculosis.", "Terizidone is a broad spectrum antibiotic used as a second-line antitubercular drug, effective against pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Terizidone has activity against Mycobacterium strains that are resistant to first-line drugs."]], ["Lathosterol", "C[C@H](CCCC(C)C)[C@H]1CC[C@@H]2[C@@]1(CC[C@H]3C2=CC[C@@H]4[C@@]3(CC[C@@H](C4)O)C)C", ["5alpha-cholest-7-en-3beta-ol is a cholestanoid that is (5alpha)-cholest-7-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3. It has a role as a human metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a 3beta-sterol, a cholestanoid, a C27-steroid and a Delta(7)-sterol.", "Lathosterol is a natural product found in Smilax perfoliata, Nothoscordum montevidense, and other organisms with data available."]], ["4-Acetamidoantipyrine", "CC1=C(C(=O)N(N1C)C2=CC=CC=C2)NC(=O)C", ["4-acetamidoantipyrine is a member of the class of pyrazoles that is antipyrine substituted by an acetylamino group at position 4. It is a drug metabolite of metamizole. It has a role as a marine xenobiotic metabolite and a drug metabolite. It is a member of pyrazoles and a member of acetamides. It is functionally related to an antipyrine."]], ["Ecabet", "CC(C)C1=C(C=C2C(=C1)CC[C@@H]3[C@@]2(CCC[C@@]3(C)C(=O)O)C)S(=O)(=O)O", ["Ecabet is a diterpenoid.", "Ecabet is a prescription eye drop for the treatment of dry eye syndrome. Ecabet represents a new class of molecules that increases the quantity and quality of mucin produced by conjunctival goblet cells and corneal epithelia. Mucin is a glycoprotein component of tear film that lubricates while retarding moisture loss from tear evaporation. Ecabet is currently marketed in Japan as an oral agent for treatment of gastric ulcers and gastritis."]], ["Dexverapamil", "CC(C)[C@@](CCCN(C)CCC1=CC(=C(C=C1)OC)OC)(C#N)C2=CC(=C(C=C2)OC)OC", ["Dexverapamil is a 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile that has R configuration. It competitively inhibits the multidrug resistance efflux pump P-glycoprotein (MDR-1, EC 3.6.3.44), thereby potentially increasing the effectiveness of a wide range of antineoplastic drugs which are inactivated by MDR-1 mechanisms. Dexverapamil exhibits lower calcium antagonistic activity and toxicity than racemic verapamil. It has a role as an EC 3.6.3.44 (xenobiotic-transporting ATPase) inhibitor. It is a conjugate base of a dexverapamil(1+). It is an enantiomer of a (S)-verapamil.", "Dexverapamil is the R-enantiomer of the calcium channel blocker verapamil. Dexverapamil competitively inhibits the multidrug resistance efflux pump P-glycoprotein (MDR-1), thereby potentially increasing the effectiveness of a wide range of antineoplastic drugs which are inactivated by MDR-1 mechanisms.  This agent exhibits decreased calcium antagonistic activity and toxicity compared to racemic verapamil. (NCI04)", "A calcium channel blocker that is a class IV anti-arrhythmia agent."]], ["Tedisamil", "C1CCC2(C1)C3CN(CC2CN(C3)CC4CC4)CC5CC5", ["Tedisamil is a member of the class of diazabicyclononanes that is (1s,5s)-3,7-diazaspiro[bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-9,1'-cyclopentane] in which the hydrogens at positions 3 and 7 are replaced by cyclopropylmethyl groups. It is a potassium channel blocker and an antiarrhythmic agent currently currently in development for the treatment of atrial fibrillation. It has a role as an anti-arrhythmia drug and a potassium channel blocker. It is an azaspiro compound, a member of cyclopropanes, a member of cyclopentanes and a diazabicyclononane.", "Tedisamil (planned trade name Pulzium) is an investigational drug for atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter. It is currently being developed by Solvay and is currently under regulatory review by the United States Food and Drug Administration."]], ["Milnacipran", "CCN(CC)C(=O)[C@@]1(C[C@@H]1CN)C2=CC=CC=C2", ["(1R,2S)-2-(aminomethyl)-N,N-diethyl-1-phenyl-1-cyclopropanecarboxamide is a member of acetamides.", "Milnacipran is a Serotonin and Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor. The mechanism of action of milnacipran is as a Norepinephrine Uptake Inhibitor, and Serotonin Uptake Inhibitor.", "A cyclopropanecarboxamide serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) that is used in the treatment of FIBROMYALGIA."]], ["Colestilan", "CC1=NC=CN1.C1C(O1)CCl", ["Colestilan is an ingredient in the EMA-withdrawn product BindRen."]], ["Esreboxetine", "CCOC1=CC=CC=C1O[C@H]([C@@H]2CNCCO2)C3=CC=CC=C3", ["(2S)-2-[(S)-(2-ethoxyphenoxy)-phenylmethyl]morpholine is an aromatic ether.", "Esreboxetine has been used in trials studying the treatment and basic science of Fibromyalgia.", "Reboxetine is an antidepressant drug used in the treatment of clinical depression, panic disorder and ADD/ADHD. Its mesylate (i.e. methanesulfonate) salt is sold under tradenames including Edronax, Norebox, Prolift, Solvex, Davedax or Vestra. Reboxetine has two chiral centers, but it only exists as two enantiomers, (R,R)-(-)- and (S,S)-(+)-reboxetine."]], ["Flomoxef", "CO[C@@]1([C@@H]2N(C1=O)C(=C(CO2)CSC3=NN=NN3CCO)C(=O)O)NC(=O)CSC(F)F", ["Flomoxef is a second-generation oxacephem antibiotic in which the oxazine ring is substituted at C-3 with a hydroxyethyl-substituted tetrazolylthiomethyl group and the azetidinone ring carries 7alpha-methoxy and 7beta-{2-[(difluoromethyl)thiomethyl]acetamido} substituents. It has a role as an antibacterial drug. It is a N-acyl-amino acid, an oxacephem and an organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic.", "Flomoxef has been used in trials studying the treatment of Urinary Tract Infection.", "Flomoxef is a cephamycin antibiotic with a difluoromethylthio-acetamido group at the 7-beta position of the cephem nucleus, commonly used for postoperative prophylaxis. Flomoxef has activity against epidermides, streptococci, propionibacteria, and both methicillin-resistant and -susceptible Staphylococcus aureus."]], ["Faropenem", "C[C@H]([C@@H]1[C@@H]2N(C1=O)C(=C(S2)[C@H]3CCCO3)C(=O)O)O", ["6alpha-[(R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-2-[(R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-yl]pen-2-em-3-carboxylic acid is a faropenem. It is a conjugate acid of a 6alpha-[(R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-2-[(R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-yl]pen-2-em-3-carboxylate.", "Faropenem has been used in trials studying the treatment of Tuberculosis, Pulmonary Tuberculosis, and Community Acquired Pneumonia.", "Faropenem is a penem with a tetrahydrofuran substituent at position C2, with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against many gram-positive and gram-negative aerobes and anaerobes. Compared with imipenem, faropenem has improved chemical stability and reduced central nervous system effects. In addition, faropenem is resistant to hydrolysis by many beta-lactamases."]], ["Tallimustine", "CN1C=C(C=C1C(=O)NC2=CN(C(=C2)C(=O)NC3=CN(C(=C3)C(=O)NCCC(=N)N)C)C)NC(=O)C4=CC=C(C=C4)N(CCCl)CCCl", ["Tallimustine, a benzoyl mustard derivative of distamycin A, is an alkylating agent that binds to the minor groove of DNA. It's association with severe myelotoxicity lead to the end of its development in favour of \u03b1-halogenoacrylamide derivatives such as [brostallicin], which have a favourable cytotoxicity/myelotoxicity ratio. Newer generations of DNA minor groove binding agents can more specifically recognize base pair sequences.", "Tallimustine is a benzoyl mustard derivative of the antiviral agent distamycin A with potential antineoplastic activity. Tallimustine selectively binds to A-T rich regions in the minor groove of DNA and alkylates at the N3 position of adenine in a highly sequence-specific manner. This prevents DNA replication, inhibits cellular proliferation and triggers apoptosis. Moreover, unlike other clinical nitrogen mustards, tallimustine does not carry out guanine-N7 alkylation in the major groove of DNA, which may lead to a high selectivity of action."]], ["Dexloxiglumide", "CCCCCN(CCCOC)C(=O)[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)NC(=O)C1=CC(=C(C=C1)Cl)Cl", ["Dexloxiglumide is a glutamic acid derivative.", "Dexloxiglumide is a selective cholecystokinin type A (CCKA) receptor antagonist in phase III testing by Rottapharm in Europe only, as U.S. trials have been discontinued. As the D-isomer of loxiglumide, it retains all pharmacological properties of loxiglumide but is more potent."]], ["Intoplicine", "CC1=CN=C(C2=C1NC3=C2C4=C(C=C3)C=C(C=C4)O)NCCCN(C)C", ["Intoplicine is a pyridoindole.", "Intoplicine has been used in trials studying the treatment of Unspecified Adult Solid Tumor, Protocol Specific.", "Intoplicine is a benzopyridoindole derivative with antineoplastic property. Intoplicine inhibits activities of both topoisomerase I and II via intercalating DNA helix, thereby hindering the movements of enzymes along DNA molecules during DNA transcription and replication, respectively. Furthermore, this agent stabilizes DNA-enzyme complexes during unwinding processes by both topoisomerases, leading to double- and single-stranded DNA breaks. Consequently, these effects bring about cell growth inhibition and apoptosis of tumor cells."]], ["Dimiracetam", "C1CC(=O)N2C1NC(=O)C2", ["Dimiracetam has been used in trials studying the treatment of AIDS, Neuropathy, and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome."]], ["Iobitridol", "CN(CC(CO)O)C(=O)C1=C(C(=C(C(=C1I)NC(=O)C(CO)CO)I)C(=O)N(C)CC(CO)O)I", ["Iobitridol is a benzenedicarboxamide compound having N-substituted carbamoyl groups at the 1- and 3-positions, iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and a 3-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)propanimido at position 5. It has a role as a xenobiotic, an environmental contaminant and a radioopaque medium. It is an organoiodine compound, a hexol and a benzenedicarboxamide.", "Iobitridol has been used in trials studying the diagnostic of Diagnostic Imaging, Coronary Artery Disease, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, and Coronary Atherosclerosis.", "Iobitridol is a water-soluble, tri-iodinated, non-ionic monomeric benzoate derivative and contrast medium used in diagnostic radiography. Upon administration, iobitridol is distributed through the vascular system and interstitial space. Like other organic iodine compounds, this agent blocks x-rays and appears opaque on x-ray film thus, enhancing the visibility of body parts containing this agent. Iobitridol is rapidly removed by the kidneys in an unchanged form, and in cases of renal failure, heterotropic excretion occurs via the biliary route."]], ["Fradafiban", "C1[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H]1COC2=CC=C(C=C2)C3=CC=C(C=C3)C(=N)N)CC(=O)O", ["Fradafiban is a pyrrolidinone that is pyrrolidin-2-one which is substituted at positions 3 and 5 by carboxymethyl and hydroxymethyl groups, respectively, and in which the hydrogen of the resulting alcoholic hydroxy group is replaced by a 4'-carbamimidoylbiphenyl-4-yl group (the S,S-diastereoisomer). A figrinogen receptor antagonist. It has a role as a platelet glycoprotein-IIb/IIIa receptor antagonist. It is a monocarboxylic acid, a carboxamidine and a member of pyrrolidin-2-ones."]], ["Methamphetamine Hydrochloride", "C[C@@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)NC.Cl", ["Methamphetamine hydrochloride is a hydrochloride having methamphetamine as the base component. It contains a methamphetamine(1+).", "Methamphetamine Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of methamphetamine, an amphetamine and sympathomimetic amine with CNS stimulating properties. Methamphetamine hydrochloride acts by facilitating the release of catecholamines, particularly noradrenaline and dopamine, from nerve terminals in the brain and inhibits their uptake. This leads to an increase in synaptic concentration of these neurotransmitters and results in an increase of motor activity, causes euphoria, mental alertness and excitement and suppresses appetite. Methamphetamine hydrochloride causes dependence and may cause an increase in heart rate and blood pressure.", "A central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic with actions and uses similar to DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The smokable form is a drug of abuse and is referred to as crank, crystal, crystal meth, ice, and speed."]], ["Sotalol hydrochloride", "CC(C)NCC(C1=CC=C(C=C1)NS(=O)(=O)C)O.Cl", ["Sotalol hydrochloride is a hydrochloride salt that is the monohydrochloride of sotalol. It has both beta-adrenoreceptor blocking (Vaughan Williams Class II) and cardiac action potential duration prolongation (Vaughan Williams Class III) antiarrhythmic properties. It is used (usually as the hydrochloride salt) for the management of ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias. It has a role as a beta-adrenergic antagonist and an anti-arrhythmia drug. It contains a sotalol(1+).", "Sotalol Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of sotalol, an ethanolamine derivative with Class III antiarrhythmic and antihypertensive properties. Sotalol hydrochloride is a nonselective beta-adrenergic receptor and potassium channel antagonist. In the heart, this agent inhibits chronotropic and inotropic effects thereby slowing the heart rate and decreasing myocardial contractility. This agent also reduces sinus rate, slows conduction in the atria and in the atrioventricular (AV) node and increases the functional refractory period of the AV node. In the lungs, sotalol inhibits vasodilation and bronchodilation. In addition, this agent inhibits renin release.", "An adrenergic beta-antagonist that is used in the treatment of life-threatening arrhythmias."]], ["Cortivazol", "C[C@@H]1C[C@H]2[C@@H]3C=C(C4=CC5=C(C[C@@]4([C@H]3[C@H](C[C@@]2([C@]1(C(=O)COC(=O)C)O)C)O)C)C=NN5C6=CC=CC=C6)C", ["Cortivazol is a steroid. It derives from a hydride of a pregnane.", "Cortivazol is under investigation in clinical trial NCT00804895 (Cluster Headache Cortivazol Injection (CHCI))."]], ["Dexfenfluramine", "CCN[C@@H](C)CC1=CC(=CC=C1)C(F)(F)F", ["(S)-fenfluramine is the S-enantiomer of fenfluramine. It stimulates the release of serotonin and selectively inhibits its reuptake, but unlike fenfluramine it does not possess catecholamine agonist activity. It was formerly given by mouth as the hydrochloride in the treatment of obesity, but, like fenfluramine, was withdrawn wolrdwide following reports of valvular heart defects. It has a role as an appetite depressant, a serotonergic agonist and a serotonin uptake inhibitor. It is an enantiomer of a (R)-fenfluramine.", "Dexfenfluramine, also marketed under the name Redux, is a serotoninergic anorectic drug. For a fairly limited time during the middle of the nineties, the US FDA had approved it for use in managing weight loss. However, following multiple concerns about the cardiovascular side-effects of the drug, such approval was withdrawn.", "Dexfenfluramine, also marketed under the name Redux, is a serotoninergic anorectic drug. It was for some years in the mid-1990s approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for the purposes of weight loss. However, following multiple concerns about the cardiovascular side-effects of the drug, such approval was withdrawn.", "The S-isomer of FENFLURAMINE. It is a serotonin agonist and is used as an anorectic. Unlike fenfluramine, it does not possess any catecholamine agonist activity."]], ["Diphenidol hydrochloride", "C1CCN(CC1)CCCC(C2=CC=CC=C2)(C3=CC=CC=C3)O.Cl", ["Difenidol hydrochloride is a diarylmethane."]], ["Octathiocane", "S1SSSSSSS1", ["Cyclooctasulfur is a homomonocyclic compound composed of eight sulfur atoms. It has been isolated from Ganoderma lucidum, a mushroom commonly used in Chinese medicine. It has a role as a fungal metabolite and a bacterial metabolite. It is an elemental sulfur and a homomonocyclic compound.", "Sulfur is a chemical element that is present in all living tissues. The most commonly used form of pharmaceutical sulfur is Octasulfur (S8). After calcium and phosphorus, it is the third most abundant mineral in the human body. Sulfur is also found in garlic, onions and broccoli.  People take sulfur by mouth for shortness of breath, allergies, swelling in the back of the throat (pharyngitis), high cholesterol, clogged arteries, menopause, and upper respiratory tract infections like the common cold. Sulfur seems to have an antibacterial activity. It has been also used for acne.", "Octathiocane is a natural product found in Streptomyces, Streptomyces verticillus, and other organisms with data available."]], ["Barium bromide (BaBr2)", "[Br-].[Br-].[Ba+2]", ["Barium bromide is a bromide of barium and bromine. It is a precursor to chemicals used in photography and to other bromides. Barium is a metallic alkaline earth metal with the symbol Ba, and atomic number 56. It never occurs in nature in its pure form due to its reactivity with air, but combines with other chemicals such as sulfur or carbon and oxygen to form barium compounds that may be found as minerals. Bromine is a halogen element with the symbol Br and atomic number 35. Diatomic bromine does not occur naturally, but bromine salts can be found in crustal rock. (L625, L214, 408, L201)"]], ["Trenbolone acetate", "CC(=O)O[C@H]1CC[C@@H]2[C@@]1(C=CC3=C4CCC(=O)C=C4CC[C@@H]23)C", ["Trenbolone acetate is a steroid ester.", "An anabolic steroid used mainly as an anabolic agent in veterinary practice."]], ["alpha-D-Glucose monohydrate", "C([C@@H]1[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](O1)O)O)O)O)O.O", ["Alpha-D-Glucopyranose Monohydrate is the monohydrate form of the alpha isoform of D-glucopyranose, a synthetic simple monosaccharide that is used as an energy source. D- glucopyranose is oxidized in various tissues under either aerobic or anaerobic conditions through glycolysis; the oxidation reaction produces carbon dioxide, water, and ATP."]], ["Iridium-192", "[192Ir]", ["Iridium Ir 192 is a radioactive isotope of iridium. Iridium-192 emits gamma rays and has a half-life of 74 days. A high dose rate of this radioisotope can be used in brachytherapy to treat tumors by selectively delivering a cytotoxic dose of radiation to the tumor site."]], ["Xenon Xe-133", "[133Xe]", ["Xenon-133 is an inhaled radionuclide used for lung imaging, imaging blood flow in the brain, and to assess pulmonary function.", "Xenon xe-133 is an Inhalation Diagnostic Agent. The mechanism of action of xenon xe-133 is as a Radiopharmaceutical Activity.", "Xenon Xe-133 is a radioisotope of xenon, an element with 54 protons, having gamma emissions and a physical half-life of 5.27 days. Xenon-133 is used in the study of pulmonary function and organ blood flow."]], ["Krypton-81", "[81Kr]", ["Krypton (81mKr) gas is a noble gas molecular entity."]], ["1,3-Bis(benzothiazol-2-ylthiomethyl)urea", "C1=CC=C2C(=C1)N=C(S2)SCNC(=O)NCSC3=NC4=CC=CC=C4S3", ["Buff to light tan or light yellow powder. (NTP, 1992)"]], ["N(4)-Acetylsulfamethazine", "CC1=CC(=NC(=N1)NS(=O)(=O)C2=CC=C(C=C2)NC(=O)C)C", ["N(4)-acetylsulfamethazine is a sulfonamide that is benzenesulfonamide substituted by an acetylamino group at position 4 and a 4,6-dimethyl-pyrimidin-2-yl group at the nitrogen atom. It is a metabolite of the antibiotic sulfamethazine. It has a role as a marine xenobiotic metabolite. It is a sulfonamide, a member of acetamides and a member of pyrimidines."]], ["4-Amino-6-chloro-1,3-benzenedisulfonamide", "C1=C(C(=CC(=C1Cl)S(=O)(=O)N)S(=O)(=O)N)N", ["Chloraminophenamide is a sulfonamide."]], ["Fluphenazine hydrochloride", "C1CN(CCN1CCCN2C3=CC=CC=C3SC4=C2C=C(C=C4)C(F)(F)F)CCO.Cl.Cl", ["Fluphenazine hydrochloride is a member of phenothiazines. It has a role as an anticoronaviral agent.", "Fluphenazine Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt of fluphenazine, a phenothiazine with antipsychotic activity and potential antineoplastic activity. Fluphenazine blocks postsynaptic dopamine D2 receptors in the limbic system, cortical system and basal ganglia, resulting in a reduction of schizophrenia-associated hallucinations and delusions. In addition, as a serotonin antagonist, this agent may inhibit lymphocyte and myeloma cell proliferation by blocking 5-hydroxytrptamine type 1B (5-HT type 1B) receptors for serotonin.", "A phenothiazine used in the treatment of PSYCHOSES. Its properties and uses are generally similar to those of CHLORPROMAZINE."]], ["Betazole dihydrochloride", "C1=C(NN=C1)CCN.Cl.Cl", ["Betazole dihydrochloride is the dihydrochloride salt of betazole. It has a role as a histamine agonist, a diagnostic agent and a gastrointestinal drug. It is a hydrochloride and a member of pyrazoles. It contains a betazole.", "Betazole Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of betazole, a histamine H2 receptor agonist with diagnostic application. Betazole selectively targets and binds to the H2 receptor, thereby mimicking the effect of histamine on these receptors. This may lead to an increase in gastric secretions. Betazole can be used in gastric function tests.", "A histamine H2 agonist used clinically to test gastric secretory function."]], ["Propamidine isethionate", "C1=CC(=CC=C1C(=N)N)OCCCOC2=CC=C(C=C2)C(=N)N.C(CS(=O)(=O)O)O.C(CS(=O)(=O)O)O", ["Propamidine isethionate is a guanidinium salt obtained by combining propamidine with two molar equivalents of isethionic acid. Used for the treatment of minor eye or eyelid infections, such as conjunctivitis and blepharitis. It has a role as an antimicrobial agent and an antiseptic drug. It is a guanidinium salt and an organosulfonate salt. It contains a propamidine(2+)."]], ["Pinocembrin", "C1[C@H](OC2=CC(=CC(=C2C1=O)O)O)C3=CC=CC=C3", ["Pinocembrin is a dihydroxyflavanone in which the two hydroxy groups are located at positions 5 and 7. A natural product found in Piper sarmentosum and Cryptocarya chartacea. It has a role as an antioxidant, an antineoplastic agent, a vasodilator agent, a neuroprotective agent and a metabolite. It is a dihydroxyflavanone and a (2S)-flavan-4-one.", "Pinocembrin is a natural product found in Prunus leveilleana, Alpinia rafflesiana, and other organisms with data available."]], ["Tangeretin", "COC1=CC=C(C=C1)C2=CC(=O)C3=C(O2)C(=C(C(=C3OC)OC)OC)OC", ["Tangeretin is a pentamethoxyflavone flavone with methoxy groups at positions 4', 5, 6 , 7 and 8. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent and a plant metabolite.", "Tangeretin is a natural product found in Citrus tankan, Citrus keraji, and other organisms with data available."]], ["Barium oxalate", "C(=O)(C(=O)[O-])[O-].[Ba+2]", ["Barium oxalate is a chemical compound of barium. Barium is a metallic alkaline earth metal with the symbol Ba, and atomic number 56. It never occurs in nature in its pure form due to its reactivity with air, but combines with other chemicals such as sulfur or carbon and oxygen to form barium compounds that may be found as minerals. (L214, 408)"]], ["Dioxypyramidon", "CC(=O)N(C)N(C1=CC=CC=C1)C(=O)C(=O)N(C)C", ["Dioxoaminopyrine is a monocarboxylic acid amide that is N,N-dimethyl-2-oxoacetamide substituted by a 2-acetyl-2-methyl-1-phenylhydrazinyl group at position 2. It is a metabolite of the drug aminopyrine. It has a role as a marine xenobiotic metabolite and a drug metabolite. It is a carbohydrazide and a monocarboxylic acid amide."]], ["Suxamethonium iodide", "C[N+](C)(C)CCOC(=O)CCC(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C.[I-].[I-]", ["A quaternary skeletal muscle relaxant usually used in the form of its bromide, chloride, or iodide. It is a depolarizing relaxant, acting in about 30 seconds and with a duration of effect averaging three to five minutes. Succinylcholine is used in surgical, anesthetic, and other procedures in which a brief period of muscle relaxation is called for."]], ["Cadmium cyanide [MI]", "[C-]#N.[C-]#N.[Cd+2]", ["Cadmium cyanide is a chemical compound of cadmium and cyanide prepared by treating a concentrated aqueous solution of cadmium chloride or cadmium nitrate with potassium cyanide or sodium cyanide. It is used as an electrolyte for electrodeposition of thin metallic cadmium coatings on metal to protect against corrosion. Cadmium is a transition metal and chemical element with the symbol Cd and atomic number 48. It is found naturally in the earth's crust, though rarely on it's own. (L6, L460)"]], ["Cobalt(II) cyanide", "[C-]#N.[C-]#N.[Co+2]", ["Cobalt(II) cyanide is a chemical compound of cobalt and cyanide. It is used as a catalyst and in the preparation of cyanide complexes. Cobalt is a metallic element with the atomic number 27. It is found naturally in rocks, soil, water, plants, and animals. In small amounts cobalt is an essential element for life, as it is part of vitamin B12. However, excess exposure is known to exhibit toxic effects. (L29, L30, L483)"]], ["Taurocyamine", "C(CS(=O)(=O)O)N=C(N)N", ["Taurocyamine is the N-amidino derivative of taurine. It is a member of guanidines and an organosulfonic acid. It is functionally related to a taurine. It is a tautomer of a taurocyamine zwitterion."]], ["Trimethobenzamide hydrochloride", "CN(C)CCOC1=CC=C(C=C1)CNC(=O)C2=CC(=C(C(=C2)OC)OC)OC.Cl", ["Trimethobenzamide Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of trimethobenzamide, a benzamide derivative with an antiemetic property. Although the mechanism of action is largely unknown, it inhibits the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ), an area in the medulla oblongata through which emetic impulses are conveyed to the vomiting center, thereby suppressing nausea and vomiting."]], ["Clomipramine hydrochloride", "CN(C)CCCN1C2=CC=CC=C2CCC3=C1C=C(C=C3)Cl.Cl", ["Clomipramine hydrochloride is a hydrochloride resulting from the reaction of equimolar amounts of clomipramine and hydrogen chloride. One of the more sedating tricyclic antidepressants, it is used for the treatment of depression as well as obsessive-compulsive disorder and phobias. It has a role as an antidepressant, a serotonergic antagonist, a serotonergic drug and an anticoronaviral agent. It contains a clomipramine(1+).", "Clomipramine Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of clomipramine, a tertiary amine salt derivative of dibenzazepine. Clomipramine hydrochloride is a tricyclic antidepressant that acts by reducing the re-uptake of norepinephrine and serotonin in the central nervous system, thereby enhancing the effects of these neurotransmitters. This drug also binds to alpha-adrenergic, histaminergic, and cholinergic receptors which are responsible for the many side effects seen with this agent.", "A tricyclic antidepressant similar to IMIPRAMINE that selectively inhibits the uptake of serotonin in the brain. It is readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and demethylated in the liver to form its primary active metabolite, desmethylclomipramine."]], ["Guanadrel sulfate", "C1CCC2(CC1)OCC(O2)CN=C(N)N.C1CCC2(CC1)OCC(O2)CN=C(N)N.OS(=O)(=O)O", ["Guanadrel sulfate is an organic sulfate salt resulting from the reaction of 2 eq. guanadrel with 1 eq. sulfuric acid. A postganglionic adrenergic blocking agent formerly used for the management of hypertension, it has been largely superseded by other drugs less likely to cause orthostatic hypotension (dizzy spells on standing up or stretching). It has a role as an adrenergic antagonist and an antihypertensive agent. It contains a guanadrel(1+)."]], ["Ibopamine", "CC(C)C(=O)OC1=C(C=C(C=C1)CCNC)OC(=O)C(C)C", ["Ibopamine is a member of phenols and a benzoate ester.", "Ibopamine is a natural product found in Melodinus fusiformis with data available."]], ["Alfatradiol", "C[C@]12CC[C@H]3[C@H]([C@@H]1CC[C@H]2O)CCC4=C3C=CC(=C4)O", ["17alpha-estradiol is an estradiol that is estra-1,3,5(10)-triene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 17 (the 17alpha stereoisomer). It has a role as a geroprotector and an estrogen. It is a 17alpha-hydroxy steroid, a 3-hydroxy steroid and an estradiol.", "Mito-4509 is a non-feminizing estrogen analog that could affect mitochondrial metabolic pathways.  It is used to treat Parkinson's Disease, Alzheimer's Disease, Retinal Disorders and other neurologic Disorders.", "17a-estradiol is found in the estrogen patch. The estrogen patch is a delivery system for estradiol used as hormone replacement therapy to treat the symptoms of menopause, such as hot flashes and vaginal dryness, and to prevent osteoporosis. Originally marketed as Vivelle (Novartis), it was discontinued in 2003 and reintroduced in a smaller form as Vivelle-Dot. Although the estrogen is given transdermally rather than in the standard oral tablets, the estrogen patch carries similar risks and benefits as more conventional forms of estrogen-only hormone replacement therapy."]], ["Metronidazole hydrochloride", "CC1=NC=C(N1CCO)[N+](=O)[O-].Cl", ["Metronidazole hydrochloride is a hydrochloride salt resulting from the mixture of equimolar amounts of metronidazole and hydrogen chloride. It has a role as an antibacterial drug, an antimicrobial agent, an antiparasitic agent, an antitrichomonal drug, a prodrug and an antiamoebic agent. It contains a metronidazole(1+).", "Metronidazole Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt of a synthetic nitroimidazole derivative with antiprotozoal and antibacterial activities. Although its mechanism of action is not fully elucidated, un-ionized metronidazole is readily taken up by obligate anaerobic organisms and is subsequently reduced by low-redox potential electron-transport proteins to an active, intermediate product. Reduced metronidazole causes DNA strand breaks, thereby inhibiting DNA synthesis and bacterial cell growth.", "A nitroimidazole used to treat AMEBIASIS; VAGINITIS; TRICHOMONAS INFECTIONS; GIARDIASIS; ANAEROBIC BACTERIA; and TREPONEMAL INFECTIONS."]], ["Polifeprosan", "C1=CC(=CC=C1C(=O)O)OCCCOC2=CC=C(C=C2)C(=O)O.C(CCCCC(=O)O)CCCC(=O)O", ["Polifeprosan 20 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT00003878 (Carmustine Implants in Treating Patients With Brain Metastases)."]], ["Fluorodeoxyglucose F18", "C([C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](C=O)[18F])O)O)O)O", ["2-deoxy-2-((18)F)fluoro-aldehydo-D-glucose is a 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-aldehydo-D-glucose and a 2-deoxy-2-((18)F)fluoro-D-glucose.", "Fludeoxyglucose F 18 Injection is a positron emitting radiopharmaceutical containing no-carrier added radioactive 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-g1ucose, which is used for diagnostic purposes in conjunction with Positron Emission Tomography (PET). It is administered by intravenous injection.", "Fludeoxyglucose f-18 is a Radioactive Diagnostic Agent. The mechanism of action of fludeoxyglucose f-18 is as a Radiopharmaceutical Activity.", "The compound is given by intravenous injection to do POSITRON-EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY for the assessment of cerebral and myocardial glucose metabolism in various physiological or pathological states including stroke and myocardial ischemia. It is also employed for the detection of malignant tumors including those of the brain, liver, and thyroid gland. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1162)"]], ["Betahistine dihydrochloride", "CNCCC1=CC=CC=N1.Cl.Cl", ["Betahistine Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of betahistine, a histamine analog with weak histamine H1 agonistic and more potent histamine H3 antagonistic properties. Upon intranasal administration, betahistine binds to histamine H1 and H3 receptors and exerts its agonistic and antagonistic actions locally and centrally. This promotes cochlear, vestibular and cerebral blood flow, decreases neuronal firing in the vestibular nuclei and increases histamine synthesis and release in the brain which facilitates vestibular compensation. Increased blood flow around the inner ear reduces the amount of fluid in the inner ear and may alleviate vertigo, tinnitus, and hearing loss.", "A histamine analog and H1 receptor agonist that serves as a vasodilator. It is used in MENIERE DISEASE and in vascular headaches but may exacerbate bronchial asthma and peptic ulcers."]], ["Sodium picosulfate", "C1=CC=NC(=C1)C(C2=CC=C(C=C2)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C3=CC=C(C=C3)OS(=O)(=O)[O-].[Na+].[Na+]", ["Sodium picosulfate is an aryl sulfate and a member of pyridines."]], ["Pirbuterol hydrochloride", "CC(C)(C)NCC(C1=NC(=C(C=C1)O)CO)O.Cl.Cl", ["Pirbuterol hydrochloride is a hydroxypyridine."]], ["Arbekacin", "C1C[C@H]([C@H](O[C@@H]1CN)O[C@@H]2[C@H](C[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]2O)O[C@@H]3[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O3)CO)O)N)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCN)O)N)N", ["Arbekacin is a kanamycin that is kanamycin B bearing an N-(2S)-4-amino-2-hydroxybutyryl group on the aminocyclitol ring. It has a role as an antimicrobial agent, a protein synthesis inhibitor, an antibacterial agent and an antibacterial drug. It is a member of kanamycins and an aminoglycoside. It is functionally related to a kanamycin B.", "An semisynthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic. Often used for treatment of multi-resistant bacterial infection such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).", "Arbekacin is a semisynthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from dibekacin with activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Arbekacin is most commonly used in the treatment of multi-resistant bacterial infections."]], ["Rilmenidine", "C1CC1C(C2CC2)NC3=NCCO3", ["Rilmenidine is an isourea.", "Rilmenidine has been used in trials studying the treatment of Hypertension and Chronic Kidney Disease.", "Oxazole derivative that acts as an agonist for ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and IMIDAZOLINE RECEPTORS. It is used in the treatment of HYPERTENSION."]], ["Metralindole", "CN1CCN2C3=C(C=C(C=C3)OC)C4=C2C1=NCC4", ["Metralindole is a member of beta-carbolines.", "Metralindole, also known as Inkazan, is similar in structure and pharmacology to pirlindole. It functions as a reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase A. In Russia, this drug was investigated for potential antidepressant activity."]], ["Antrafenine", "C1CN(CCN1CCOC(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2NC3=C4C=CC(=CC4=NC=C3)C(F)(F)F)C5=CC=CC(=C5)C(F)(F)F", ["Antrafenine is a member of piperazines.", "Antrafenine is a piperazine derivative drug that acts as an analgesic and anti-inflammatory drug with similar efficacy to naproxen. It is not widely used as it has largely been replaced by newer drugs."]], ["Technetium Tc 99m succimer", "C(C(C(=O)O)S)(C(=O)O)S.[99Tc]", ["Technetium Tc 99m succimer is a thia fatty acid.", "A nontoxic radiopharmaceutical that is used in the diagnostic imaging of the renal cortex."]], ["Nomegestrol", "CC1=C[C@@H]2[C@H](CC[C@]3([C@H]2CC[C@@]3(C(=O)C)O)C)[C@@H]4C1=CC(=O)CC4", ["Nomegestrol is a corticosteroid hormone.", "Nomegestrol is an ingredient in the EMA-authorised product Zoely."]], ["Imexon", "C1C2N1C(=O)N=C2N", ["Imexon is currently being studied for the treatment of pancreatic, lung, breast, prostate, melanoma, and multiple myeloma cancers. It belongs to the family of drugs called cyanoaziridine derivatives. Also called Amplimexon. Imexon is a cyanoaziridine derivative. Imexon is a thiol-binding small molecule which induces mitochondrial oxidation, a loss of membrane potential and cytochrome C, leading to apoptosis."]], ["Pirlindole", "CC1=CC2=C(C=C1)N3CCNC4C3=C2CCC4", ["LSM-1636 is a member of carbazoles.", "This drug is classified as a reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase A enzyme (also known as a RIMA drug). It was developed and is currently used as an antidepressant in Russia. Its chemical structure is similar to metralindole, and it also shares pharmacological properties with this drug.  Pirlindole is a selective, reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase (MAO) subtype A (MAO-A) that is approved in several European and non-European countries for the treatment of major depression. The antidepressant efficacy and safety of pirlindole have been demonstrated in numerous studies and, supported by many years of clinical experience in the treatment of depression. Pirlindole's efficacy and safety have also been shown in the treatment of fibromyalgia."]], ["Propacetamol", "CCN(CC)CC(=O)OC1=CC=C(C=C1)NC(=O)C", ["Propacetamol is an alpha-amino acid ester.", "Propacetamol is a non-opioid analgesic devoid of the major contraindications. It is a derivative of [acetaminophen], or paracetamol, with the molecular formula glycine, N, N-diethyl-,4-(acetylamino)phenyl ester. Propacetamol is a parenteral formulation of paracetamol and thus, it is a prodrug that is completely hydrolyzed to paracetamol. It is not available in the United States but this prodrug has been widely used in other countries such as France since 1985.", "Propacetamol is a water-soluble para-aminophenol derivative and ester prodrug of acetaminophen in which acetaminophen is bound to the carboxylic acid diethylglycine, with analgesic and antipyretic activities. Upon intravenous administration, propacetamol is hydrolyzed by plasma esterases into its active form acetaminophen. Although the exact mechanism of action has yet to be fully elucidated despite its widespread use, acetaminophen enters the central nervous system and acts centrally. This agent binds to cyclooxygenase (COX) and prevents the metabolism of arachidonic acid to prostaglandin. A reduction in prostaglandin formation relieves pain and reduces fever. Acetaminophen may also act centrally on cannabinoid receptors and on N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors."]], ["Cinitapride", "CCOC1=CC(=C(C=C1C(=O)NC2CCN(CC2)CC3CCC=CC3)[N+](=O)[O-])N", ["Cinitapride is an aromatic ether and a C-nitro compound.", "Cinitapride is a gastroprokinetic agent and antiulcer benzamide with agonist activity at 5-HT1 and 5-HT4 receptors and antagonist activity at 5-HT2 receptors. It is marketed in Spain and Mexico."]], ["Tianeptine", "CN1C2=CC=CC=C2C(C3=C(S1(=O)=O)C=C(C=C3)Cl)NCCCCCCC(=O)O", ["Tianeptine is a racemate comprising of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-tianeptine. It is an atypical antidepressant used in Europe to treat patients who respond poorly to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). It has a role as a mu-opioid receptor agonist, a second generation antipsychotic and an anxiolytic drug. It contains a (R)-tianeptine and a (S)-tianeptine.", "Tianeptine is a drug used primarily in the treatment of major depressive disorder and has been studied in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Structurally, it is classified as a tricyclic antidepressant (TCA), however, it possesses different pharmacological properties than typical tricyclic antidepressants.  Tianeptine was discovered and patented by The French Society of Medical Research in the 1960s. Currently, tianeptine is approved in France and manufactured and marketed by Laboratories Servier SA; it is also marketed in several other European countries under the trade name \u201cCoaxil\u201d as well as in Asia (including Singapore) and Latin America as \u201cStablon\u201d and \u201cTatinol\u201d but it is not available in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the U.K. or the U.S."]], ["Pivagabine", "CC(C)(C)C(=O)NCCCC(=O)O", ["Pivagabine is an organooxygen compound and an organonitrogen compound. It is functionally related to a gamma-amino acid.", "Pivagabine has been used in trials studying the treatment of Stress and Anxiety."]], ["Fluindione", "C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C(=O)C(C2=O)C3=CC=C(C=C3)F", ["Fluindione is a member of indanones and a cyclic ketone.", "Fluindione is under investigation for the treatment of Venous Thrombosis, Pulmonary Embolism, Permanent Atrial Fibrillation, and Anticoagulating Treatment on a Duration at Least 12-month-old Superior. Fluindione has been investigated for the treatment of Blood Coagulation Disorders."]], ["Oxabolone cipionate", "C[C@]12CC[C@H]3[C@H]([C@@H]1CC[C@@H]2OC(=O)CCC4CCCC4)CCC5=C(C(=O)CC[C@H]35)O", ["Oxabolone cipionate is an organic molecular entity.", "Oxabolone cipionate is the C17\u03b2 cypionate ester and a prodrug of [DB01500]. A synthetic anabolic-androgenic (AAS) steroid, it is a derivative of 19-nortestosterone (nandrolone). It is considered as a performance enhancing drug thus is prohibited from use in sports."]], ["Leucocrystal Violet", "CN(C)C1=CC=C(C=C1)C(C2=CC=C(C=C2)N(C)C)C3=CC=C(C=C3)N(C)C", ["Leucocrystal Violet is a benzenoid aromatic compound."]], ["Tricaprin", "CCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(COC(=O)CCCCCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC", ["Tricaprin is a triglyceride obtained by formal acylation of the three hydroxy groups of glycerol by capric (decanoic) acid. It is a triglyceride and a decanoate ester.", "Tricaprin is a natural product found in Umbellularia californica with data available.", "Tricaprin is an orally available precursor of decanoic acid (DA), a 10-carbon fatty acid and major component of medium chain triglyceride oils, with potential antiandrogen and antihyperglycemic properties. Upon oral administration, tricaprin is hydrolyzed to DA, which binds to and partially activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma, as well as PPAR-alpha and PPAR-beta/delta, without inducing adipogenesis. Additionally, tricaprin may improve insulin sensitivity and decrease androgen production."]], ["beta-Hydroxyisovaleric acid", "CC(C)(CC(=O)O)O", ["3-hydroxyisovaleric acid is a 3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is isovaleric acid substituted at position 3 by a hydroxy group. Used as indicator of biotin deficiency. It has a role as a human metabolite. It is functionally related to a butyric acid and an isovaleric acid. It is a conjugate acid of a 3-hydroxyisovalerate.", "beta-Hydroxyisovaleric acid is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03018496 (Investigating the Effects of Beta-Hydroxy-Beta-Methylbutyrate on Glucose Handling in Older and Younger Men.).", "beta-Hydroxyisovaleric acid is a natural product found in Aloe africana, Vitis vinifera, and other organisms with data available.", "Juven is an orally bioavailable nutritional supplement. Juven contains the amino acids glutamine and arginine in addition to beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB). This agent may promote muscle protein synthesis and increase muscle mass. (NCI04)", "3-Hydroxyisovaleric acid is a normal human metabolite excreted in the urine. Elevated levels of this compound are found in several inherited disorders such as Dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase Deficiency, 3-Methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase 1 deficiency, 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase deficiency (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl -CoA lyase Deficiency, Biotinidase deficiency multiple carboxylase deficiency late-onset , Late onset multiple carboxylase deficiency, HolMcarboxylase synthetase deficiency, 3-Methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase 2 deficiency. 3-Hydroxyisovaleric acid is also elevated in smokers, in subjects undergoing long-term anticonvulsant therapy with carbamazepine and/or phenytoin. These levels are elevated due to impairment of renal reclamation of biotin. Levels may also be increased from prolonged consumption of raw egg-whites (OMIM: 210210, 253270, 600529, 253260, 246450, 210200, 238331). (A3355, A3356, A3357, A3358)."]], ["Fructose-6-phosphate", "C([C@H]([C@H]([C@@H](C(=O)CO)O)O)O)OP(=O)(O)O", ["Keto-D-fructose 6-phosphate is the open chain form of D-fructose 6-phosphate. It is functionally related to a D-fructose. It is a conjugate acid of a D-fructose 6-phosphate(2-).", "Fructose 6-phosphate is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).", "Fructose-6-phosphate is a natural product found in Arabidopsis thaliana, Medicago sativa, and other organisms with data available.", "Fructose 6-phosphate is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["Alethine", "C(CN)C(=O)NCCSSCCNC(=O)CCN", ["Alethine is studied in the treatment of cancer. It belongs to a family of chemicals called disulfides. It is a low molecular weight disulfide that has been shown to exhibit in vivo antitumor activity in murine myeloma and melanoma models.", "Beta Alethine is a disulfide agent that stimulates T and B-cell functions and exhibits anti-tumor and immunostimulant activity. (NCI)"]], ["1-Methyl-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyridine-3-carboxamide", "CN1C=C(C=CC1=O)C(=O)N", ["N-methyl-6-pyridone-3-carboxamide is a pyridone that is 2-pyridone substituted with a carboxamide group at C-5 and a methyl group at N-1. It has a role as a metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a pyridinecarboxamide, a pyridone and a member of methylpyridines.", "N1-Methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).", "1-Methyl-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyridine-3-carboxamide is a natural product found in Mallotus macrostachyus with data available.", "N-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide is a uremic toxin.  Uremic toxins can be subdivided into three major groups based upon their chemical and physical characteristics: 1) small, water-soluble, non-protein-bound compounds, such as urea; 2) small, lipid-soluble and/or protein-bound compounds, such as the phenols and 3) larger so-called middle-molecules, such as beta2-microglobulin. Chronic exposure of uremic toxins can lead to a number of conditions including renal damage, chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular disease. \nN-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide (2PY) is one of the end products of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (NAD) degradation. Increased serum 2PY concentrations are observed in chronic renal failure (CRF) patients, which along with the deterioration of kidney function and its toxic properties (significant inhibition of PARP-1), suggests that 2PY is an uremic toxin. (A3294)."]], ["1-Methyluric acid", "CN1C(=O)C2=C(NC(=O)N2)NC1=O", ["1-methyluric acid is an oxopurine that is 7,9-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6,8(3H)-trione substituted by a methyl group at N-1. It is one of the metabolites of caffeine found in human urine. It has a role as a human xenobiotic metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is functionally related to a 7,9-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6,8(3H)-trione. It is a conjugate acid of a 1-methylurate anion."]], ["Declopramide", "CCN(CC)CCNC(=O)C1=CC(=C(C=C1)N)Cl", ["Declopramide is a third-generation DNA repair inhibitor that modulates multi-drug resistance."]], ["1,3-Dimethyluric acid", "CN1C2=C(C(=O)N(C1=O)C)NC(=O)N2", ["1,3-dimethyluric acid is an oxopurine that is 7,9-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6,8(3H)-trionesubstituted by methyl groups at N-1 and N-3. It has a role as a metabolite. It is functionally related to a 7,9-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6,8(3H)-trione. It is a conjugate acid of a 1,3-dimethylurate anion."]], ["Moxaverine", "CCC1=NC(=C2C=C(C(=CC2=C1)OC)OC)CC3=CC=CC=C3", ["Moxaverine is a member of isoquinolines.", "Moxaverine has been investigated for the treatment of Retina, Ocular Physiology, and Regional Blood Flow."]], ["Chlorosulfonyl isocyanate", "C(=NS(=O)(=O)Cl)=O", ["Chlorosulfonyl isocyanate, also known as CSI, is a chemical compound of cyanide. It is used in organic synthesis for purposes such as the preparation of medically important preparation of beta-lactams. (L573)"]], ["Vanillylamine", "COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)CN)O", ["Vanillylamine is an aralkylamino compound. It is functionally related to a vanillyl alcohol. It is a conjugate base of a vanillylamine(1+).", "Vanillylamine is a natural product found in Capsicum annuum with data available."]], ["Oxalate", "C(=O)(C(=O)[O-])[O-]", ["Oxalate(2-) is a dicarboxylic acid dianion obtained by deprotonation of both carboxy groups of oxalic acid. It has a role as a human metabolite and a plant metabolite. It is an oxalate and a dicarboxylic acid dianion. It is a conjugate base of an oxalate(1-).", "Oxalate is a salt or ester of oxalic acid.", "Derivatives of OXALIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that are derived from the ethanedioic acid structure."]], ["Acamprosate", "CC(=O)NCCCS(=O)(=O)O", ["Acamprosate is an organosulfonic acid that is propane-1-sulfonic acid substituted by an acetylamino group at position 3. It has a role as a neurotransmitter agent, an environmental contaminant and a xenobiotic. It is an organosulfonic acid and a member of acetamides.", "Alcohol use disorder is responsible for a large worldwide burden of morbidity, premature mortality, and economic consequences resulting from accidents, violence, incarceration, decreased productivity, and increased healthcare spending.  Acamprosate, also known by the brand name Campral, is a drug used for the maintenance of alcohol abstinence. It is a structural analogue of the neurotransmitter \u03b3-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Acamprosate is the first medication specifically formulated for the maintenance of alcohol abstinence in ethanol-dependent patients after alcohol detoxification, unlike [naltrexone] and [disulfiram]. It was first approved by the FDA in 2004 and initially marketed by Forest Laboratories.", "Acamprosate is a synthetic amino acid and a neurotransmitter analogue that is used as an alcohol deterrent in management of alcohol dependence and abuse. Acamprosate has not been linked to serum enzyme elevations during therapy and has not been linked to cases of clinically apparent liver injury.", "Acamprosate, also known by the brand name Campral&trade;, is a drug used for treating alcohol dependence. Acamprosate is thought to stabilize the chemical balance in the brain that would otherwise be disrupted by alcoholism, possibly by blocking glutaminergic N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors, while gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptors are activated. Reports indicate that acamprosate only works with a combination of attending support groups and abstinence from alcohol. Certain serious side effects include allergic reactions, irregular heartbeats, and low or high blood pressure, while less serious side effects include headaches, insomnia, and impotence. Acamprosate should not be taken by people with kidney problems or allergies to the drug.", "Structural analog of taurine that is used for the prevention of relapse in individuals with ALCOHOLISM."]], ["Methscopolamine", "C[N+]1([C@@H]2CC(C[C@H]1[C@H]3[C@@H]2O3)OC(=O)[C@H](CO)C4=CC=CC=C4)C", ["Methscopolamine is a 3-hydroxy carboxylic acid.", "Methscopolamine is a quaternary ammonium derivative of scopolamine and antagonist at muscarininc (mACh) receptors. Methscopolamine bromide is the most common form of the active ingredient in oral pharmaceutical products. The oral tablets are used as an adjunct therapy for the treatment of peptic ulcer and is shown to be effective in decreasing the rate of recurrence of peptic ulcers as well as preventing complications.", "Methscopolamine is an Anticholinergic. The mechanism of action of methscopolamine is as a Cholinergic Antagonist.", "Methscopolamine is a natural product found in Datura stramonium with data available.", "A muscarinic antagonist used to study binding characteristics of muscarinic cholinergic receptors."]], ["Iobenguane (131I)", "C1=CC(=CC(=C1)[131I])CN=C(N)N", ["Iobenguane (131I) is an organoiodine compound.", "Iobenguane i-131 is a Radioactive Diagnostic Agent. The mechanism of action of iobenguane i-131 is as a Radiopharmaceutical Activity.", "Iobenguane I-131 is an I 131 radioiodinated synthetic analogue of the neurotransmitter norepinephrine. Iobenguane localizes to adrenergic tissue and, in radioiodinated forms, may be used to image or eradicate tumor cells that take up and metabolize norepinephrine.", "A guanidine analog with specific affinity for tissues of the sympathetic nervous system and related tumors. The radiolabeled forms are used as antineoplastic agents and radioactive imaging agents. (Merck Index, 12th ed) MIBG serves as a neuron-blocking agent which has a strong affinity for, and retention in, the adrenal medulla and also inhibits ADP-ribosyltransferase."]], ["Enrofloxacin", "CCN1CCN(CC1)C2=C(C=C3C(=C2)N(C=C(C3=O)C(=O)O)C4CC4)F", ["Enrofloxacin is a quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is 1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid substituted by an oxo group at position 4, a fluoro group at position 6, a cyclopropyl group at position 1 and a 4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 7. It is a veterinary antibacterial agent used for the treatment of pets. It has a role as an antibacterial agent, an antineoplastic agent and an antimicrobial agent. It is a quinolinemonocarboxylic acid, a quinolone, an organofluorine compound, a N-alkylpiperazine, a N-arylpiperazine and a member of cyclopropanes.", "Enrofloxacin is an antibiotic agent from the fluoroquinolone family produced by the Bayer Corporation. Enrofloxacin is approved by the FDA for its veterinary use. Due to the identification of fluoroquinolone-resistant strains of Campylobacter, in September 2005, the FDA withdrew the approval of enrofloxacin for its use in water to treat flocks of poultry.", "A fluoroquinolone antibacterial and antimycoplasma agent that is used in veterinary practice."]], ["Barbexaclone", "CCC1(C(=O)NC(=O)NC1=O)C2=CC=CC=C2.C[C@@H](CC1CCCCC1)NC", ["Barbexaclone, a salt compound of propylhexedrine and phenobarbital, is a potent antiepileptic. By weight, barbexaclone is 40% propylhexedrine and 60% phenobarbital.  While barbexaclone has sedative properties, propylhexedrine has psychostimulant properties intended to offset these sedative effects. Pharmacokinetic studies have demonstrated that the pharmacokinetics of phenobarbital given as barbexaclone are not affected by propylhexedrine. Several reports from Spanish and Italian literature suggest that barbexaclone is at least as effective as phenobarbital in adults and children, while being better tolerated and having less sedative properties.  These reports were conducted in a small series of patients in the 1970s and 1980s, and have yet to be confirmed by larger controlled trials.  Despite the lack of controlled trials, barbexaclone was used widely in Turkey until it was discontinued in 2009.   Barbexaclone exists in 25mg and 100mg tablets. 100mg of barbexaclone is equivalent to 60mg of phenobarbital. With this difference in potency in mind, other pharmacokinetic considerations such as dose titration, daily dosing, and optimal plasma concentration can be considered the same as for the equivalent amount of phenobarbital.   There has been a case of barbexaclone abuse due to the amphetamine like properties of propylhexedrine, although the comparative abuse potential is much lower than amphetamine."]], ["Prednisolone steaglate", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(=O)OCC(=O)[C@]1(CC[C@@H]2[C@@]1(C[C@@H]([C@H]3[C@H]2CCC4=CC(=O)C=C[C@]34C)O)C)O", ["Prednisolone steaglate is a corticosteroid hormone."]], ["Nebivolol", "C1CC2=C(C=CC(=C2)F)OC1C(CNCC(C3CCC4=C(O3)C=CC(=C4)F)O)O", ["2,2'-iminobis[1-(6-fluoro-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-2-yl)ethanol] is a member of the class of chromanes that is 2,2'-iminodiethanol in which one hydrogen attached to each hydroxy-bearing carbon is replaced by a 6-fluorochroman-2-yl group. It is an organofluorine compound, a secondary amino compound, a secondary alcohol, a diol and a member of chromanes.", "Nebivolol is a racemic mixture of 2 enantiomers where one is a beta adrenergic antagonist and the other acts as a cardiac stimulant without beta adrenergic activity. Treatment with nebivolol leads to a greater decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure than [atenolol], [propranolol], or [pindolol]. Nebivolol and other beta blockers are generally not first line therapies as many patients are first treated with thiazide diuretics.  Nebivolol was granted FDA approval on 17 December 2007.", "Nebivolol is a beta-blocker and antihypertensive medication that has additional vasodilatory activity mediated by nitric oxide release. Nebivolol has yet to be linked to instances of clinically apparent liver injury.", "Nebivolol is a beta-1 adrenergic receptor antagonist with antihypertensive and vasodilatory activity. Nebivolol binds to and blocks the beta-1 adrenergic receptors in the heart, thereby decreasing cardiac contractility and rate. This leads to a reduction in cardiac output and lowers blood pressure. In addition, nebivolol potentiates nitric oxide (NO), thereby relaxing vascular smooth muscle and exerting a vasodilatory effect.", "A cardioselective ADRENERGIC BETA-1 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST (beta-blocker) that functions as a VASODILATOR through the endothelial L-arginine/ NITRIC OXIDE system. It is used to manage HYPERTENSION and chronic HEART FAILURE in elderly patients."]], ["Atipamezole", "CCC1(CC2=CC=CC=C2C1)C3=CN=CN3", ["Atipamezole is a synthetic \u03b12 adrenoceptor antagonistused to reverse the sedative and analgesic effects of dexmedetomidine and medetomidine in dogs. It has also been undergone research as a potential anti-Parkinsonian drug for humans."]], ["N-[25-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-ylsulfanylmethyl)-3-[[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]methyl]-12-ethyl-4,16-dimethyl-2,5,11,14,18,21,24-heptaoxo-19-phenyl-17-oxa-1,4,10,13,20-pentazatricyclo[20.4.0.06,10]hexacosan-15-yl]-3-hydroxypyridine-2-carboxamide", "CCC1C(=O)N2CCCC2C(=O)N(C(C(=O)N3CC(C(=O)CC3C(=O)NC(C(=O)OC(C(C(=O)N1)NC(=O)C4=C(C=CC=N4)O)C)C5=CC=CC=C5)CSC6CN7CCC6CC7)CC8=CC=C(C=C8)N(C)C)C", ["Quinupristin is a semi-synthetic derivative of pristinamycin, a natural occurring type B streptogramin. Quinupristin binds to the bacterial 50S ribosomal subunit, thereby inhibiting peptide chain elongation, and causing early termination of normal bacterial protein synthesis. Quinupristin is primarily effective against gram-positive cocci."]], ["Biapenem", "C[C@@H]1[C@@H]2[C@H](C(=O)N2C(=C1SC3CN4C=NC=[N+]4C3)C(=O)[O-])[C@@H](C)O", ["Biapenem is a carbapenem antibiotic in which the azetidine and pyrroline rings carry 1-hydroxymethyl and pyrazolo[1,2-a][1,2,4]triazolium-6-ylthio substituents respectively. It has a role as an antibacterial drug. It is a member of carbapenems, a pyrazolotriazole and an organic sulfide.", "Biapenem has been used in trials studying the treatment of Bacterial Infections.", "Biapenem is a 1-beta-methylcarbapenem antibiotic with a wide range of antibacterial activity. Biapenem has similar antibacterial activity to that of imipenem, but is more stable against human renal dehydropeptidase-I and with less neurotoxicity."]], ["Ocaperidone", "CC1=CC=CN2C1=NC(=C(C2=O)CCN3CCC(CC3)C4=NOC5=C4C=CC(=C5)F)C", ["Ocaperidone is a pyridopyrimidine."]], ["Bindarit", "CC(C)(C(=O)O)OCC1=NN(C2=CC=CC=C21)CC3=CC=CC=C3", ["Bindarit has been used in trials studying the prevention and treatment of Coronary Restenosis and Diabetic Nephropathy."]], ["Cardiogen-82", "[Cl-].[82Rb+]", ["Rubidium Chloride Rb-82 is the chloride salt form of rubidium-82, a positron emitting isotope used as an imaging tool. Rubidium chloride Rb-82 accumulates in myocardial cells and other tissues, and can be evaluated as a function of blood flow. By scintigraphic means, areas with decreased blood flow can be visualized due to decreased uptake of Rb-82."]], ["Sodium iodide I 131", "[Na+].[131I-]", ["Sodium Iodide I-131 is a radiopharmaceutical containing the beta- and gamma-emitting radioisotope I-131. After absorption, the iodide is distributed through the extracellular fluid of the body and accumulates in the thyroid gland, thereby allowing the imaging of the thyroid."]], ["Liotrix", "C1=CC(=C(C=C1OC2=C(C=C(C=C2I)C[C@@H](C(=O)[O-])N)I)I)O.C1=C(C=C(C(=C1I)OC2=CC(=C(C(=C2)I)O)I)I)C[C@@H](C(=O)[O-])N.[Na+].[Na+]", ["Liotrix is a phenylalanine derivative.", "Liotrix is a synthetically derived thyroid hormone replacement preparation. It consists of levothyroxine sodium (thyroxine, T4) and liothyronine sodium (triiodothyronine, T3) in a 4 to 1 ratio by weight. Liotrix was developed when it was believed that serum levels of both T4 and T3 were maintained by direct thyroidal secretion. It is now known that the thyroid gland secretes approximately ten times more T4 than T3 and that 80% of serum T3 is derived from deiodination of T4 in peripheral tissues. Administration of levothyroxine alone is sufficient for maintaining serum T4 and T3 levels in most patients and combination hormone replacement therapy generally offers no therapeutic advantage. In fact, administration of T3 may result in supratherapeutic levels of T3."]], ["Phosphocol P32", "[O-][32P](=O)([O-])[O-].[Cr+3]", ["Chromic phosphate p-32 is a Radioactive Therapeutic Agent. The mechanism of action of chromic phosphate p-32 is as a Radiopharmaceutical Activity."]], ["Clobetasone", "C[C@H]1C[C@H]2[C@@H]3CCC4=CC(=O)C=C[C@@]4([C@]3(C(=O)C[C@@]2([C@]1(C(=O)CCl)O)C)F)C", ["Clobetasone is a corticosteroid hormone.", "Clobetasone is a corticosteroid that is often employed topically as a treatment for a variety of conditions such as eczema, psoriasis, various forms of dermatitis, and also for certain ophthalmologic conditions. Topical clobetasone butyrate has shown minimal suppression of the Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis."]], ["3,6-Dimethyl-1,4-dioxane-2,5-dione;1,4-dioxane-2,5-dione", "CC1C(=O)OC(C(=O)O1)C.C1C(=O)OCC(=O)O1", ["A polyester used for absorbable sutures and surgical mesh, especially in ophthalmic surgery. 2-Hydroxy-propanoic acid polymer with polymerized hydroxyacetic acid, which forms 3,6-dimethyl-1,4-dioxane-dione polymer with 1,4-dioxane-2,5-dione copolymer of molecular weight about 80,000 daltons."]], ["Masoprocol", "C[C@H](CC1=CC(=C(C=C1)O)O)[C@@H](C)CC2=CC(=C(C=C2)O)O", ["Masoprocol is the meso-form of nordihydroguaiaretic acid. An antioxidant found in the creosote bush, Larrea divaricata, it is a potent lipoxygenase inhibitor that interferes with arachidonic acid metabolism. It also inhibits (though to a lesser extent) formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase, carboxylesterase, and cyclooxygenase. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent, a lipoxygenase inhibitor, a hypoglycemic agent and a metabolite.", "Masoprocol is a natural product found in Larrea divaricata, Schisandra chinensis, and Larrea tridentata with data available.", "Masoprocol is a naturally occurring antioxidant dicatechol originally derived from the creosote bush Larrea divaricatta with antipromoter, anti-inflammatory, and antineoplastic activities. Masoprocol directly inhibits activation of two receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), the insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-1R) and the c-erbB2/HER2/neu receptor, resulting in decreased proliferation of susceptible tumor cell populations. This agent may induce apoptosis in susceptible tumor cell populations as a result of disruption of the actin cytoskeleton in association with the activation of stress activated protein kinases (SAPKs). In addition, masoprocol inhibits arachidonic acid 5-lipoxygenase (5LOX), resulting in diminished synthesis of inflammatory mediators such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes. It may prevent leukocyte infiltration into tissues and the release of reactive oxygen species.", "A potent lipoxygenase inhibitor that interferes with arachidonic acid metabolism. The compound also inhibits formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase, carboxylesterase, and cyclooxygenase to a lesser extent. It also serves as an antioxidant in fats and oils. ", "A potent lipoxygenase inhibitor that interferes with arachidonic acid metabolism. The compound also inhibits formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase, carboxylesterase, and cyclooxygenase to a lesser extent. It also serves as an antioxidant in fats and oils."]], ["Loxapine hydrochloride", "CN1CCN(CC1)C2=NC3=CC=CC=C3OC4=C2C=C(C=C4)Cl.Cl", ["An antipsychotic agent used in schizophrenia."]], ["Pirenzepine hydrochloride", "CN1CCN(CC1)CC(=O)N2C3=CC=CC=C3C(=O)NC4=C2N=CC=C4.Cl.Cl", ["An antimuscarinic agent that inhibits gastric secretion at lower doses than are required to affect gastrointestinal motility, salivary, central nervous system, cardiovascular, ocular, and urinary function. It promotes the healing of duodenal ulcers and due to its cytoprotective action is beneficial in the prevention of duodenal ulcer recurrence. It also potentiates the effect of other antiulcer agents such as CIMETIDINE and RANITIDINE. It is generally well tolerated by patients."]], ["Tocophersolan", "CC1=C(C(=C(C2=C1OC(CC2)(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)C)C)OC(=O)CCC(=O)OCCO)C", ["Tocophersolan is a tocol.", "Tocophersolan is a water-soluble amphipathic formulation of d-alpha-tocopherol succinate coupled, through a succinate linker, to polyethylene glycol (PEG) 1000. Due to its amphipathic property in which it forms its own micelles, tocophersolan is easily taken up into enterocytes, even in the absence of bile salts; fat soluble d-alpha-tocopherol is then released after hydrolysis. This formulation enhances the absorption of d-alpha-tocopherol compared to the administration of free d-alpha-tocopherol. In addition, tocophersolan may enhance the absorption of water-insoluble agents and other fat-soluble vitamins."]], ["Labetalol hydrochloride", "CC(CCC1=CC=CC=C1)NCC(C2=CC(=C(C=C2)O)C(=O)N)O.Cl", ["Labetalol hydrochloride is a member of salicylamides.", "Labetalol Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride form of labetalol, a third generation selective alpha-1-adrenergic antagonist and non-selective beta-adrenergic antagonist with vasodilatory and antihypertensive properties. Labetalol competitively binds to alpha-1-adrenergic receptors in vascular smooth muscle, thereby inhibiting the adrenergic stimulation of endothelial cell function and vasoconstriction in peripheral blood vessels. This agent also binds to beta-receptors in the bronchial and vascular smooth muscle, resulting in a decrease in adrenergic stimulation. The result is a decrease in resting and exercise heart rates, cardiac output, and in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure, thereby resulting in vasodilation, and negative chronotropic and inotropic cardiac effects.", "A salicylamide derivative that is a non-cardioselective blocker of BETA-ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and ALPHA-1 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS."]], ["Viloxazine hydrochloride", "CCOC1=CC=CC=C1OCC2CNCCO2.Cl", ["A morpholine derivative used as an antidepressant. It is similar in action to IMIPRAMINE."]], ["Trientine hydrochloride", "C(CNCCNCCN)N.Cl.Cl", ["Trientine hydrochloride is a secondary amino compound.", "Trientine Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of a metal chelating agent with potential anti-angiogenic activity. Trientine chelates excess copper (Cu) ions in the body; the excess copper is subsequently removed from the body through the kidneys. As Cu is an essential cofactor for cuproenzymes, such as superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), depletion of copper may inhibit the activation of signal transduction pathways required for cellular proliferation and angiogenesis. In addition, trientine may inhibit copper-induced secretion of interleukin-8 (IL-8).", "An ethylenediamine derivative used as stabilizer for EPOXY RESINS, as ampholyte for ISOELECTRIC FOCUSING and as chelating agent for copper in HEPATOLENTICULAR DEGENERATION."]], ["Isoetarine", "CC[C@H]([C@H](C1=CC(=C(C=C1)O)O)O)NC(C)C", ["Isoetharine is a beta-adrenergic receptor agonist with bronchodilator activity. Isoetharine selectively binds to beta-2 adrenergic receptors in bronchial smooth muscle, thereby activating intracellular adenyl cyclase, an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to cyclic-3',5'-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). Increased cAMP levels cause relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle, relieve bronchospasms, improve mucociliary clearance and reduce mediator substance release from inflammatory cells, especially from mast cells.", "Adrenergic beta-2 agonist used as bronchodilator for emphysema, bronchitis and asthma."]], ["Phenoxypropazine", "CC(COC1=CC=CC=C1)NN", ["Fenoxypropazine is an aromatic ether.", "Phenoxypropazine is a non-selective and irreversible monoamine oxidase enzyme inhibitor (MAOI), belonging to the hydrazine chemical class. It was marketed as an antidepressant in 1961 but was later withdrawn in 1966 because of its hepatotoxic potential."]], ["Erythromycin lactobionate", "CC[C@@H]1[C@@]([C@@H]([C@H](C(=O)[C@@H](C[C@@]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](C(=O)O1)C)O[C@H]2C[C@@]([C@H]([C@@H](O2)C)O)(C)OC)C)O[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@H](C[C@H](O3)C)N(C)C)O)(C)O)C)C)O)(C)O.C([C@@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O1)O[C@H]([C@@H](CO)O)[C@@H]([C@H](C(=O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O", ["Erythromycin Lactobionate is the lactobionate salt form of erythromycin, a broad-spectrum, topical macrolide antibiotic with antibacterial activity. Erythromycin lactobionate diffuses through the bacterial cell membrane and reversibly binds to the 50S subunit of the bacterial ribosome. This prevents bacterial protein synthesis. Erythromycin lactobionate may be bacteriostatic or bactericidal in action, depending on the concentration of the drug at the site of infection and the susceptibility of the organism involved."]], ["Dipivefrin hydrochloride", "CC(C)(C)C(=O)OC1=C(C=C(C=C1)C(CNC)O)OC(=O)C(C)(C)C.Cl", ["Dipivefrin hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt of dipivefrin. It is used topically as eye drops to reduce intra-ocular pressure in the treatment of open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. It has a role as an adrenergic agonist, a sympathomimetic agent and an antiglaucoma drug. It contains a dipivefrin(1+).", "Dipivefrin Hydrochloride is an ester with sympathomimetic activities. Dipivefrin hydrochloride is a prodrug of epinephrine that, due to its greater lipophilicity, allows for better penetration into the anterior chamber. Once inside the eye, dipivefrin hydrochloride is converted by hydrolysis to epinephrine. Epinephrine enhances the outflow of aqueous humor and decreases the production of aqueous humor by vasoconstriction. This leads to a reduction in intraocular pressure."]], ["Hydroxyzine Hcl", "C1CN(CCN1CCOCCO)C(C2=CC=CC=C2)C3=CC=C(C=C3)Cl.Cl", ["Hydroxyzine Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of hydroxyzine, a piperazine histamine H1-receptor antagonist with anti-allergic, antispasmodic, sedative, anti-emetic and anti-anxiety properties. Hydroxyzine hydrochloride blocks the H1 histamine receptor and prevents the symptoms that are caused by histamine activity on capillaries, bronchial smooth muscle, and gastrointestinal smooth muscle, including vasodilatation, increased capillary permeability, bronchoconstriction, and spasmodic contraction of gastrointestinal smooth muscle. In addition, hydroxyzine hydrochloride crosses the blood-brain barrier and acts on the histamine H1-receptors in the central nervous system. (NCI05)", "A histamine H1 receptor antagonist that is effective in the treatment of chronic urticaria, dermatitis, and histamine-mediated pruritus. Unlike its major metabolite CETIRIZINE, it does cause drowsiness. It is also effective as an antiemetic, for relief of anxiety and tension, and as a sedative."]], ["16alpha-Bromoepiandrosterone", "C[C@]12CC[C@@H](C[C@@H]1CC[C@@H]3[C@@H]2CC[C@]4([C@H]3C[C@H](C4=O)Br)C)O", ["16-Bromoepiandrosterone is an injectable formulation of a compound called alpha-epi-bromide. It is a chemical relative of DHEA which was selected for development after it showed antiretroviral activity in laboratory tests."]], ["Hydracarbazine", "C1=CC(=NN=C1C(=O)N)NN", ["Hydracarbazine is a heteroarene and an aromatic amide.", "Hydracarbazine is a pyridazine that has found use as an antihypertensive agent It was once marketed in France under the tradename Normatensyl.", "Hydracarbazine is a hydrazinopyridazine-based diuretic with antihypertensive activity. Hydracarbazine is no longer marketed."]], ["Benmoxin", "CC(C1=CC=CC=C1)NNC(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2", ["Benmoxin is a member of benzoic acids.", "Benmoxin is an irreversible and nonselective monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) of the hydrazine class. It was first synthesized in 1967 and rapidly used in Europe as an antidepressant. However, this agent is no longer marketed."]], ["Ranimustine", "CO[C@@H]1[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O1)CNC(=O)N(CCCl)N=O)O)O)O", ["Ranimustine is an organic molecular entity.", "Ranimustine is a chloroethylnitrosourea derivative that inhibits proliferation and growth of tumor cells by alkylation and cross-linkage of DNA strands of tumor cells. (NCI)"]], ["Quinfamide", "C1CC2=C(C=CC(=C2)OC(=O)C3=CC=CO3)N(C1)C(=O)C(Cl)Cl", ["Quinfamide is a member of quinolines.", "Quinfamide has been used in trials studying the treatment of Amoebiasis and Helminthiasis."]], ["Daniquidone", "C1C2=C(C=CC(=C2)N)N=C3N1C(=O)C4=CC=CC=C43", ["Daniquidone has been used in trials studying the treatment of Neoplasms.", "Daniquidone is a water-insoluble heterocyclic amide with potential antineoplastic activity. Daniquidone inhibits topoisomerases I and II, thereby inhibiting DNA replication and repair, and RNA and protein synthesis. The acetylated form of daniquidone is highly toxic and is capable of inducing unscheduled DNA synthesis; rapid acetylators are more likely to experience toxicity with this agent."]], ["Propiomazine hydrochloride", "CCC(=O)C1=CC2=C(C=C1)SC3=CC=CC=C3N2CC(C)N(C)C.Cl", ["Propiomazine Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of propiomazine, a phenothiazine derivative and atypical antipsychotic agent with sedative, antiemetic and antipsychotic activities. Propiomazine binds to a variety of receptors, including alpha1, dopamine, histamine H1, muscarinic, and serotonin type 2 (5-HT2) receptors. Propiomazine exerts its antiemetic and sedative effects through antagonism at histamine H1 receptors; Its antipsychotic effect is attributed to antagonistic activities at dopamine and 5-HT2 receptors."]], ["Secnidazole", "CC1=NC=C(N1CC(C)O)[N+](=O)[O-]", ["Secnidazole is a C-nitro compound that is 5-nitroimidazole in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 2 are replaced by 2-hydroxypropyl and methyl groups, respectively. It has a role as an epitope. It is a C-nitro compound, a member of imidazoles and a secondary alcohol.", "Secnidazole is a second-generation 5-nitroimidazole antimicrobial agent. It is structurally related to other 5-nitroimidazoles, including [DB00916] and [DB00911], but displays improved oral absorption and a longer terminal elimination half-life than other drugs in this class. Secnidazole is selective against many anaerobic Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as well as protozoa. Once it enters bacteria and parasites, secnidazole is activated by bacterial or parasitic enzymes to form a radical anion, thereby damaging and killing the target pathogen.  Secnidazole has been available in many other countries in Europe, Asia, South America, and Africa for decades. In September 2017, FDA approved secnidazole under the market name Solosec for the treatment of trichomoniasis and bacterial vaginosis.", "Secnidazole is a Nitroimidazole Antimicrobial.", "Secnidazole is an orally available, broad spectrum antimicrobial agent used in the treatment of bacterial vaginosis. Secnidazole is a nitroimidazole similar to metronidazole but is used as a single dose and, unlike metronidazole, has not been linked to serum enzyme elevations during therapy or to cases of clinically apparent acute liver injury."]], ["Chitosan", "COC(=O)N[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O[C@H]1O[C@@H]2[C@H](O[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]2O)N)O[C@@H]3[C@H](O[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]3O)N)O)CO)CO)CO)O[C@H]4[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O4)CO)O[C@H]5[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O5)CO)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O[C@H]7[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O7)CO)O[C@H]8[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O8)CO)O[C@H]9[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O9)CO)O)O)N)O)N)O)N)O)N)O)N)O)N)O", ["Poliglusam, or chitosan, is a linear polysaccharide consisting of D-glucosamine and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. Naturally-occuring poliglusam is found in the cell walls of fungi, soil and sediments where it is produced from degradation of chitin induced by certain groups of bacteria that produce the enzymes deacetylase or chitosanase enzymes. In comparison, commercial poliglusam is derived from deacetylation of chitin contained in the shells of various sea crustaceans such as shrimps. As a rich source of dietary fiber, chitosan is used as a food ingredient or additive. It is also reported to have an effect on protein aggregation, emulsification capacity, film-forming ability, clarifying ability, and fatty acid absorption capability. In addition, chitosan also exhibits antimicrobial and antioxidant activities.", "Chitosan is a natural product found in Didymella pinodes with data available.", "Poliglusam is a naturally occurring polysaccharide composed of beta-1,4-linked glucosamine residues with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, poliglusam may, through a not yet fully elucidated mechanism, reduce advanced glycation end product (AGE) levels. This may reduce the interaction between AGEs and the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE, AGER), which is overexpressed in some tumor types and is associated with poor patient outcomes. AGE-RAGE interaction may induce the phosphorylation and subsequent degradation of retinoblastoma protein (Rb), a key cell cycle inhibitor and tumor suppressor, through the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (PKB, Akt) signaling pathway. Hyperphosphorylation of Rb leads to the dissociation of the Rb-E2F complex, which triggers the activation of genes required for G1/S transition and tumorigenesis. Reducing AGE levels may limit AGE-RAGE interaction and normalize the G1 to S-phase transition, potentially reducing the development and progression of certain cancers. AGEs are non-enzymatic protein modifications produced during the normal aging process that have been shown to play a role in the development and progression of some cancers.", "Deacetylated CHITIN, a linear polysaccharide of deacetylated beta-1,4-D-glucosamine. It is used in HYDROGEL and to treat WOUNDS."]], ["Beclotiamine", "CC1=C(SC=[N+]1CC2=CN=C(N=C2N)C)CCCl.[Cl-]", ["Crotoxin is a peptide toxin produced by the South American rattlesnake (Crotalus durissus terrificus). (T170)"]], ["Mepiprazole", "CC1=CC(=NN1)CCN2CCN(CC2)C3=CC(=CC=C3)Cl", ["Mepiprazole is a member of piperazines.", "Mepiprazole is a minor tranquilizer with a phenylpiperazine structure. It is a pyrazolyl-alkyl-piperazine derivative. Mepiprazole mediates a weak inhibitory action on the uptake of 5-HT on hypothalamic neurons. Mepiprazole is marketed in Spain for the treatment of anxiety neuroses.   It acts as a 5-HT2A and \u03b11-adrenergic receptor antagonist, and has also been shown to inhibit the reuptake and induce the release of serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine to varying extents. Clinical studies of mepiprazole including patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) were conducted and the results showed some beneficial effects of mepiprazole in relieving IBS symptoms in certain patients. Like other phenylpiperazine drugs, mepiprazole produces the active metabolite m-chlorophenylpiperazine(mCPP)."]], ["Nipradilol", "CC(C)NCC(COC1=CC=CC2=C1OCC(C2)O[N+](=O)[O-])O", ["Hypadil (TN) is an organic molecular entity."]], ["Bicisate", "CCOC(=O)[C@H](CS)NCCN[C@@H](CS)C(=O)OCC", ["Bicisate, also known as ethyl cysteinate dimer (ECD), is a N,N'-1,2-ethylene-di-yl-bis-L-cysteinate diethyl ester. It is used in conjunction with technetium Tc99m as a tracer to measure cerebral blood flow with single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). The complex of bicisate and technetium Tc99m as a kit was developed by Lantheus Medcl and FDA-approved on November 23, 1994."]], ["Eberconazole", "C1CC2=C(C(C3=CC=CC=C31)N4C=CN=C4)C(=CC(=C2)Cl)Cl", ["1-(2,4-dichloro-10,11-dihydrodibenzo[a,d][7]annulen-5-yl)imidazole is a member of the class of dibenzannulenes that is 10,11-dihydrodibenzo[a,d][7]annulene carrying two chloro substituents at positions 2 and 4 as well as an imidazol-1-yl substituent at position 5. It is a member of imidazoles, an organochlorine compound and a dibenzannulene. It derives from a hydride of a dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene."]], ["Fenoverine", "C1CN(CCN1CC2=CC3=C(C=C2)OCO3)CC(=O)N4C5=CC=CC=C5SC6=CC=CC=C64", ["Fenoverine is a member of phenothiazines.", "Fenoverine has been used in trials studying the treatment of Irritable Bowel Syndrome."]], ["Esflurbiprofen", "C[C@@H](C1=CC(=C(C=C1)C2=CC=CC=C2)F)C(=O)O", ["(S)-flurbiprofen is a flurbiprofen. It is an enantiomer of a (R)-flurbiprofen.", "Esflurbiprofen is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03434197 (Safety and Efficacy of SFPP in Knee Osteoarthritis)."]], ["Nedaplatin", "C(C(=O)O)O.[NH2-].[NH2-].[Pt+2]", ["Nedaplatin is a second-generation cisplatin analogue with antineoplastic activity. Containing a novel ring structure in which glycolate is bound to the platinum by a bidentate ligand, nedaplatin forms reactive platinum complexes that bind to nucelophillic groups in DNA, resulting in intrastrand and interstrand DNA cross-links, apoptosis and cell death. This agent appears to be less nephrotoxic and neurotoxic compared to both cisplatin and carboplatin."]], ["Pentetreotide", "C[C@H]([C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](CSSC[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N1)CCCCN)CC2=CNC3=CC=CC=C32)CC4=CC=CC=C4)NC(=O)[C@@H](CC5=CC=CC=C5)NC(=O)CN(CCN(CCN(CC(=O)O)CC(=O)O)CC(=O)O)CC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@H](CO)[C@@H](C)O)O", ["Pentetreotide has been used in trials studying the diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome."]], ["Tioxidazole", "CCCOC1=CC2=C(C=C1)N=C(S2)NC(=O)OC", ["Tioxidazole is a member of benzothiazoles."]], ["Vedaprofen", "CC(C1=CC=C(C2=CC=CC=C21)C3CCCCC3)C(=O)O", ["2-(4-cyclohexyl-1-naphthyl)propanoic acid is a member of the class of naphthalenes that is propionic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a 4-cyclohexyl-1-naphthyl group. It is a monocarboxylic acid and a member of naphthalenes. It is functionally related to a propionic acid."]], ["Sulfoglycolithocholic acid", "C[C@H](CCC(=O)NCC(=O)O)[C@H]1CC[C@@H]2[C@@]1(CC[C@H]3[C@H]2CC[C@H]4[C@@]3(CC[C@H](C4)OS(=O)(=O)O)C)C", ["Sulfoglycolithocholic acid is the 3-O-sulfo derivative of glycolithocholic acid. It is a steroid sulfate and a bile acid glycine conjugate. It is functionally related to a glycolithocholic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a sulfoglycolithocholate(2-) and a sulfoglycolithocholate anion.", "Sulfoglycolithocholic acid is a natural product found in Apis cerana and Homo sapiens with data available."]], ["7-Hydroxystaurosporine", "C[C@@]12[C@@H]([C@@H](C[C@@H](O1)N3C4=CC=CC=C4C5=C6C(=C7C8=CC=CC=C8N2C7=C53)[C@H](NC6=O)O)NC)OC", ["7-Hydroxystaurosporine is a natural product found in Streptomyces and Streptomyces longisporoflavus with data available."]], ["Epigallocatechin", "C1[C@H]([C@H](OC2=CC(=CC(=C21)O)O)C3=CC(=C(C(=C3)O)O)O)O", ["(-)-epigallocatechin is a flavan-3,3',4',5,5',7-hexol having (2R,3R)-configuration. It has a role as an antioxidant, a plant metabolite and a food component. It is a flavan-3,3',4',5,5',7-hexol and a catechin. It is an enantiomer of a (+)-epigallocatechin.", "Epigallocatechin is a natural product found in Salacia chinensis, Quercus glauca, and other organisms with data available.", "Epigallocatechin is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.", "See also: Crofelemer (monomer of)."]], ["Isoflavone", "C1=CC=C(C=C1)C2=COC3=CC=CC=C3C2=O", ["Isoflavone is a simplest member of the class of isoflavones that is 4H-chromen-4-one in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a phenyl group.", "Isoflavone is a soy phytoestrogen and a biologically active component of several agriculturally important legumes such as soy, peanut, green peas, chick peas and alfalfa. Soybean is an exceptionally rich source of dietary isoflavones, where the average isoflavone content is 1-2 mg/gram. The main soy isoflavones are mostly present in glycosylated forms and include [DB01645], [DB13182], and glycitein, which accounts for approximately 50%, 40%, and 10%, respectively, of the total soybean isoflavone content. The clinical benefits of soy proteins have been studied and demonstrated for many years, with some evidence of soy products associated with a reduced incidences of coronary heart disease, atherosclerosis, type II diabetes mellitus, and breast and prostate cancer. While existing data are consistent or inadequate in supporting most of the suggested health benefits of consuming soy proteins and isoflavones, the trials investigating isoflavone as a potential treatment for atrophy, menopause, and postmenopausal symptoms are ongoing. Isoflavone is found as one of constituents in oral over-the-counter dietary supplements indicated for improved bone mass density and body fat regulation.", "Isoflavone is a natural product found in Astragalus mongholicus, Medicago sativa, and other organisms with data available.", "Isoflavone is a class of polyphenolic compounds derived from the Fabaceae family with potential phytoestrogenic, cholesterol-reducing, chemotherapeutic and antioxidant activity. In isoflavones the phenyl group on the benzopyran ring is in position 3 relative to the oxygen of the ring. Most isoflavones for human consumption and that are currently studied are derived from soy beans.", "3-Phenylchromones. Isomeric form of FLAVONOIDS in which the benzene group is attached to the 3 position of the benzopyran ring instead of the 2 position."]], ["Sesamin", "C1[C@H]2[C@H](CO[C@@H]2C3=CC4=C(C=C3)OCO4)[C@H](O1)C5=CC6=C(C=C5)OCO6", ["(+)-sesamin is a lignan that consists of tetrahydro-1H,3H-furo[3,4-c]furan substituted by 1,3-benzodioxole groups at positions 1 and 4 (the 1S,3aR,4S,6aR stereoisomer). Isolated from Cinnamomum camphora, it exhibits cytotoxic activity. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent, a neuroprotective agent and a plant metabolite. It is a lignan, a member of benzodioxoles and a furofuran.", "Sesamin is a natural product found in Pandanus boninensis, Podolepis rugata, and other organisms with data available."]], ["Coptisine", "C1C[N+]2=C(C=C3C=CC4=C(C3=C2)OCO4)C5=CC6=C(C=C51)OCO6", ["Coptisine is an alkaloid. It has a role as a metabolite.", "Coptisine is a natural product found in Fumaria capreolata, Fumaria muralis, and other organisms with data available."]], ["Nobiletin", "COC1=C(C=C(C=C1)C2=CC(=O)C3=C(O2)C(=C(C(=C3OC)OC)OC)OC)OC", ["Nobiletin is a methoxyflavone that is flavone substituted by methoxy groups at positions 5, 6, 7, 8, 3' and 4' respectively. It has a role as a plant metabolite and an antineoplastic agent. It is functionally related to a flavone.", "Nobiletin is a natural product found in Citrus tankan, Citrus keraji, and other organisms with data available."]], ["Procysteine", "C1[C@H](NC(=O)S1)C(=O)O", ["(4R)-2-oxo-4-thiazolidinecarboxylic acid is an organonitrogen compound and an organooxygen compound. It is functionally related to an alpha-amino acid.", "Procysteine has been used in trials studying the treatment of HIV Infections."]], ["Neamine", "C1[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]1N)O[C@@H]2[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O2)CN)O)O)N)O)O)N", ["Neamine is 2-Deoxy-D-streptamine glycosylated at the 4-oxygen with a 6-amino-alpha-D-glucosaminyl group. It has a role as an antibacterial agent. It is a 2,6-dideoxy-alpha-D-glucoside and an aminoglycoside. It is a conjugate base of a neamine(4+).", "Neamine is a natural product found in Streptomyces fradiae with data available.", "Neamine is the minor component of the neomycin complex, a broad spectrum aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from Streptomyces fradiae with antibacterial activity."]], ["9-Aminocamptothecin", "CC[C@@]1(C2=C(COC1=O)C(=O)N3CC4=CC5=C(C=CC=C5N=C4C3=C2)N)O", ["9-Aminocamptothecin is a pyranoindolizinoquinoline.", "Aminocamptothecin has been used in trials studying the treatment of Lymphoma, Gastric Cancer, Ovarian Cancer, Esophageal Cancer, and Ovarian Neoplasms, among others.", "Aminocamptothecin is a water-insoluble camptothecin derivative.  Aminocamptothecin binds to the nuclear enzyme topoisomerase I, thereby inhibiting repair of single-strand DNA breakages.  Because the terminal lactone ring of aminocamptothecin required for the agent's antitumor activity spontaneously opens under physiological conditions to an inactive carboxy form, the drug must be administered over an extended period of time to achieve effective cytotoxicity. (NCI04)"]], ["Uroporphyrin I", "C1=C2C(=C(C(=CC3=NC(=CC4=NC(=CC5=C(C(=C1N5)CC(=O)O)CCC(=O)O)C(=C4CCC(=O)O)CC(=O)O)C(=C3CCC(=O)O)CC(=O)O)N2)CC(=O)O)CCC(=O)O", ["Uroporphyrin I is a uroporphyrin. It has a role as a human metabolite. It is a conjugate acid of a uroporphyrin I(8-).", "Uroporphyrin I is a natural product found in Saccharopolyspora erythraea with data available."]], ["Halofantrina", "CCCCN(CCCC)CC[C@@H](C1=C2C=CC(=CC2=C3C=C(C=C(C3=C1)Cl)Cl)C(F)(F)F)O", ["Halofantrine is a member of phenanthrenes."]], ["Chlorsulfaquinoxaline", "C1=CC2=NC(=CN=C2C(=C1)Cl)NS(=O)(=O)C3=CC=C(C=C3)N", ["Chlorsulfaquinoxaline has been used in trials studying the treatment of Lung Cancer and Colorectal Cancer.", "Chloroquinoxaline Sulfonamide is a chlorinated heterocyclic sulfanilamide with potential antineoplastic activity and potential immunosuppressive activity.  Chloroquinoxaline sulfonamide poisons topoisomerase II alpha and topoisomerase II beta, thereby causing double-stranded breaks in DNA, accumulation of unrepaired DNA, and apoptosis.  This agent also exhibits lymphotoxicity by inhibiting lymphocyte activation in a cell cycle-specific manner. (NCI04)"]], ["Blenoxane", "CC1=C(N=C(N=C1N)C(CC(=O)N)NCC(C(=O)N)N)C(=O)NC(C(C2=CN=CN2)O[C@H]3[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](O3)CO)O)O)O[C@@H]4[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O4)CO)O)OC(=O)N)O)C(=O)NC(C)C(C(C)C(=O)NC(C(C)O)C(=O)NCCC5=NC(=CS5)C6=NC(=CS6)C(=O)NCCC[S+](C)C)O.OS(=O)(=O)[O-]", ["Bleomycin Sulfate is a mixture of the sulfate salts of basic glycopeptide antineoplastic antibiotics isolated from Streptomyces verticillus. Bleomycin sulfate forms complexes with iron that reduce molecular oxygen to superoxide and hydroxyl radicals which cause single- and double-stranded breaks in DNA; these reactive oxygen species also induce lipid peroxidation, carbohydrate oxidation, and alterations in prostaglandin synthesis and degradation.", "A complex of related glycopeptide antibiotics from Streptomyces verticillus consisting of bleomycin A2 and B2. It inhibits DNA metabolism and is used as an antineoplastic, especially for solid tumors."]], ["Oleandomycin", "C[C@@H]1C[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O1)O[C@H]2[C@H](C[C@@]3(CO3)C(=O)[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@H](OC(=O)[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]2C)O[C@H]4C[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O4)C)O)OC)C)C)C)O)C)C)O)N(C)C", ["Oleandomycin is a member of oleandomycins. It is functionally related to an oleandolide. It is a conjugate base of an oleandomycin(1+).", "Oleandomycin is a macrolide antibiotic, though it is less effective than erythromycin. It is synthesized from strains of Streptomyces antibioticus.", "Oleandomycin is a natural product found in Streptomyces antibioticus, Streptomyces scabiei, and Streptomyces cyanogenus with data available.", "Oleandomycin is a macrolide antibiotic similar to erythromycin with antimicrobial activity. Oleandomycin targets and reversibly binds to the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. This prevents translocation of peptidyl tRNA leading to an inhibition of protein synthesis.", "Antibiotic macrolide produced by Streptomyces antibioticus."]], ["Squalamine", "C[C@H](CC[C@H](C(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)O)[C@H]1CC[C@@H]2[C@@]1(CC[C@H]3[C@H]2[C@@H](C[C@@H]4[C@@]3(CC[C@@H](C4)NCCCNCCCCN)C)O)C", ["Squalamine is a bile acid.", "Squalamine is a natural product found in Squalus acanthias with data available."]], ["m-Cresol purple", "CC1=C(C=CC(=C1)O)C2(C3=CC=CC=C3S(=O)(=O)O2)C4=C(C=C(C=C4)O)C", ["M0002 is an orally-active selective vasopressin antagonist that inhibits water re-absorption from the kidneys. It is a vasopressin 2 antagonist and represents a new class of compounds \u2013 aquaretics \u2013 that produce profound diuresis without loss of electrolytes. It will be of major benefit to those patients not responding satisfactorily to diuretics alone."]], ["Einecs 255-532-8", "CC(=CCCC(C)([C@H]1CC[C@@]2([C@@H]1[C@@H](C[C@H]3[C@]2(CC[C@@H]4[C@@]3(CC[C@@H](C4(C)C)O[C@H]5[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O5)CO)O)O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O)C)C)O)C)O[C@H]7[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O7)COC8[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O8)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O)C", ["Einecs 255-532-8 is a natural product found in Panax ginseng, Panax notoginseng, and Panax quinquefolius with data available."]], ["Lead (II) ion", "[Pb+2]", ["Lead(2+) is a lead cation, a divalent metal cation and a monoatomic dication. It has a role as a cofactor.", "Lead is a soft and malleable heavy and post-transition metal. Metallic lead has a bluish-white color after being freshly cut, but it soon tarnishes to a dull grayish color when exposed to air. It is the heaviest non-radioactive elemen and has the highest atomic number of all of the stable elements. Lead is used in building construction, lead-acid batteries, bullets and shot, weights, as part of solders, pewters, fusible alloys, and as a radiation shield. It readily forms many lead salts and organo-lead compounds. Lead is one of the oldest known and most widely studied occupational and environmental toxins. Despite intensive study, there is still vigorous debate about the toxic effects of lead, both from low level exposure in the general population owing to environmental pollution and historic use of lead in paint and plumbing and from exposure in the occupational setting. The majority of industries historically associated with high lead exposure have made dramatic advances in their control of occupational exposure. However, cases of unacceptably high exposure and even of frank lead poisoning are still seen, predominantly in the demolition and tank cleaning industries. Nevertheless, in most industries blood lead levels have declined below levels at which signs or symptoms are seen and the current focus of attention is on the subclinical effects of exposure. The significance of some of these effects for the overt health of the workers is often the subject of debate. Inevitably there is pressure to reduce lead exposure in the general population and in working environments, but any legislation must be based on a genuine scientific evaluation of the available evidence. Physiologically, it exists as an ion in the body. Inorganic lead is undoubtedly one of the oldest occupational toxins and evidence of lead poisoning can be found dating back to Roman times. As industrial lead production started at least 5000 years ago, it is likely that outbreaks of lead poisoning occurred from this time. These episodes of poisoning were not limited to lead workers. The general population could be significantly exposed owing to poorly glazed ceramic ware, the use of lead solder in the food canning industry, high levels of lead in drinking water, the use of lead compounds in paint and cosmetics and by deposition on crops and dust from industrial and motor vehicle sources. It was an important cause of morbidity and mortality during the Industrial Revolution and effective formal control of lead workers did not occur until the pioneering occupational health work of Ronald Lane in 1949. At very high blood lead levels, lead is a powerful abortifacient. At lower levels, it has been associated with miscarriages and low birth weights of infants. Predominantly to protect the developing fetus, legislation for lead workers often includes lower exposure criteria for women of reproductive capacity. Studies have shown a slowing of sensory motor reaction time in male lead workers and some disturbance of cognitive function in workers with blood lead levels >40 ug/100 ml. Peripheral motor neuropathy is seen as a result of chronic high-level lead exposure, but there is conflicting, although on the whole convincing, evidence of a reduction in peripheral nerve conduction velocity at lower blood lead levels. The threshold has been suggested to be as low as 30 ug/100 ml, although other studies have not seen effects below a blood lead level of 70 ug/100 ml. Several large epidemiological studies of lead workers have found inconclusive evidence of an association between lead exposure and the incidence of cancer. However, based on closer analysis, the increase did not appear to be related to lead exposure. There was also a small but significant increase in the incidence of lung cancer, but this could have been the result of confounding from cigarette smoking or concurrent arsenic exposure. There is some evidence in humans that there is an association between low-level lead exposure and blood pressure, but the results are inconsistent. Lead appears to reduce the resistance and increase the mortality of experimental animals. It apparently impairs antibody production and decreases immunoglobulin plaque forming cells. There is some evidence for suggesting that workers with blood lead levels between 20 and 85 ug/100 ml may have an increased susceptibility to colds, but a study of lead workers with blood lead levels less than 50 ug/100 ml showed no significant immunological changes. Although it is widely accepted that personal hygiene is the most important determinant of an individual's blood lead level, recent interesting information has shown that certain genetic polymorphisms may also have an impact. The use of most of lead containing chemicals is declining with the gradual demise of the use of lead in gasoline (petrol), but lead naphthenates and lead stearates are still used in stabilizers for plastics and as lead 'soaps'. In fact, the only compound now produced for gasoline/fuel usage is tetraethyl lead. Exposure is only seen during the production, transportation and blending of this substance into gasoline/fuel/petrol and in workers involved in cleaning storage tanks that have contained leaded gasoline (or petrol). It is in this final group, the tank cleaners, where the highest potential morbidity and mortality may be seen. (A7666)."]], ["2,6,11,15-Tetramethylhexadeca-2,4,6,8,10,12,14-heptaenedioic acid", "CC(=CC=CC=C(C)C=CC=C(C)C(=O)O)C=CC=C(C)C(=O)O", ["2,6,11,15-Tetramethylhexadeca-2,4,6,8,10,12,14-heptaenedioic acid is a natural product found in Verbascum lychnitis, Gardenia jasminoides, and Crocus sativus with data available."]], ["Doripenem", "C[C@@H]1[C@@H]2[C@H](C(=O)N2C(=C1S[C@H]3C[C@H](NC3)CNS(=O)(=O)N)C(=O)O)[C@@H](C)O", ["Doripenem is a member of carbapenems.", "Doripenem is a broad-spectrum, carbapenem antibiotic marketed under the brand name Doribax by Janssen. Doripenem injection was approved by the FDA in 2007 to treat complicated urinary tract and intra-abdominal infections. In a clinical trial of doripenem treatment in ventilator associated pneumonia (vs. imipenem and cilastatin), it was found that doripenem carried an increased risk of death and lower clinical cure rates, resulting in a premature termination of the trial. The FDA revised the doripenem label in 2014 to include a warning against use in ventilator-associated pneumonia and to reiterate its safety and efficacy for its approved indications.", "Doripenem is a Penem Antibacterial.", "Doripenem is a broad spectrum carbapenem antibiotic used primarily for the treatment of aerobic gram-negative bacterial infections. Doripenem, like other carbapenems, is associated with transient and asymptomatic elevations in serum enzymes. The carbapenems have also been linked to rare instances of clinically apparent, acute cholestatic liver injury.", "Doripenem is a broad-spectrum, carbapenem antibiotic with bactericidal and beta-lactamase resistant activities. Doripenem binds to penicillin binding proteins (PBPs) located on the bacterial cell wall, particularly PBPs 2 and 3, thereby inhibiting the final transpeptidation step in the synthesis of peptidoglycan, an essential component of the bacterial cell wall. Inhibition results in a weakening and eventually lysis of the bacterial cell wall. This agent is two- to 16-fold more potent than imipenem and comparable to ertapenem and meropenem.", "A carbapenem derivative antibacterial agent that is more stable to renal dehydropeptidase I than IMIPENEM, but does not need to be given with an enzyme inhibitor such as CILASTATIN. It is used in the treatment of infections such as HOSPITAL-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA, and complicated intra-abdominal or urinary-tract infections, including PYELONEPHRITIS."]], ["2',3'-Dideoxy-3'-thiacytidine", "C1[C@@H](O[C@@H](S1)CO)N2C=CC(=NC2=O)N", ["A reverse transcriptase inhibitor and ZALCITABINE analog in which a sulfur atom replaces the 3' carbon of the pentose ring. It is used to treat HIV disease."]], ["N-methyl-N-(1-naphthalenylmethyl)-3-phenyl-2-propen-1-amine", "CN(CC=CC1=CC=CC=C1)CC2=CC=CC3=CC=CC=C32", ["Naftifine is a synthetic, broad spectrum, antifungal agent and allylamine derivative for the topical treatment of tinea pedis, tinea cruris, and tinea corporis caused by the organisms Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton tonsurans and Epidermophyton floccosum."]], ["Secalonic acid D", "C[C@H]1CC(=O)C2=C(C3=C(C=CC(=C3O)C4=C(C5=C(C=C4)O[C@]6([C@@H]([C@H](CC(=O)C6=C5O)C)O)C(=O)OC)O)O[C@]2([C@@H]1O)C(=O)OC)O", ["Secalonic acid D is a member of xanthenes.", "Secalonic acid D is a natural product found in Penicillium oxalicum with data available.", "Secalonic acid D (SAD) is a mycotoxin produced by the fungus Pencillium oxalicum, which is a common contaminant in corn and other grains. Secalonic acid D is a human teratogen that induces cleft palate.  (A3088)"]], ["(1R,3R,9S,24S,25S,32R)-20,24,32-Trihydroxy-16-methoxy-29-methyl-6,10,18-trioxa-26,27-dithia-2,29-diazaheptacyclo[23.2.2.11,4.12,25.119,23.03,9.012,17]dotriaconta-4,7,12(17),13,15,19,21,23(31)-octaene-11,28,30-trione", "CN1C(=O)[C@]23[C@@H](C4=COC=C[C@H]5[C@@H]4N2C(=O)[C@]1([C@H](C6=CC(=C(C=C6)O)OC7=C(C=CC=C7OC)C(=O)O5)O)SS3)O", ["(1R,3R,9S,24S,25S,32R)-20,24,32-Trihydroxy-16-methoxy-29-methyl-6,10,18-trioxa-26,27-dithia-2,29-diazaheptacyclo[23.2.2.11,4.12,25.119,23.03,9.012,17]dotriaconta-4,7,12(17),13,15,19,21,23(31)-octaene-11,28,30-trione is a natural product found in Aspergillus striatus with data available.", "Emestrin is a mycotoxin produced by fungi of the genus Emericella. It mainly targets the heart, liver and thymus. Its action at the chemokine receptor has lead to its consideration as a possible treatment for autoimmune disorders including rheumatoid arthritis, atherosclerosis, multiple sclerosis, and infectious diseases. (A3040, A3041)"]], ["Maslinic acid", "C[C@@]12CC[C@@H]3[C@@]([C@H]1CC=C4[C@]2(CC[C@@]5([C@H]4CC(CC5)(C)C)C(=O)O)C)(C[C@H]([C@@H](C3(C)C)O)O)C", ["Maslinic acid is a pentacyclic triterpenoid that is olean-12-ene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 3 and a carboxy group at position 28 (the 2alpha,3beta stereoisomer). It is isolated from Olea europaea and Salvia canariensis and exhibits anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antineoplastic activity. It has a role as an antioxidant, an antineoplastic agent, an anti-inflammatory agent and a plant metabolite. It is a pentacyclic triterpenoid and a dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid. It derives from a hydride of an oleanane.", "Maslinic acid is a natural product found in Chaenomeles speciosa, Salvia tomentosa, and other organisms with data available."]], ["Disodium sulfide nonahydrate", "O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[S-2]", ["Sodium sulfide nonahydrate is a hydrate with formula Na2S.9H2O. It contains a sodium sulfide (anhydrous)."]], ["Magnesium Hydroxide", "[OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2]", ["Magnesium dihydroxide is a magnesium hydroxide in which the magnesium atom is bound to two hydroxide groups. It has a role as an antacid and a flame retardant.", "Magnesium hydroxide is an inorganic compound. It is naturally found as the mineral brucite. Magnesium hydroxide can be used as an antacid or a laxative in either an oral liquid suspension or chewable tablet form.  Additionally, magnesium hydroxide has smoke suppressing and flame retardant properties and is thus used commercially as a fire retardant.  It can also be used topically as a deodorant or for the relief of canker sores (aphthous ulcers).", "An inorganic compound that occurs in nature as the mineral brucite. It acts as an antacid with cathartic effects."]], ["Tetrazolium violet", "C1=CC=C(C=C1)C2=NN([N+](=N2)C3=CC=CC4=CC=CC=C43)C5=CC=CC=C5.[Cl-]", ["Tetrazolium violet is an organic chloride salt having tetrazolium violet(1+) as the counterion. It has a role as a dye, an apoptosis inducer and an antineoplastic agent. It contains a tetrazolium violet(1+)."]], ["Palladium(II) cyanide", "[C-]#N.[C-]#N.[Pd+2]", ["Palladium(II) cyanide is a chemical compound of palladium and cyanide. Palladium is a chemical element with the chemical symbol Pd and an atomic number of 46. It is found as a free metal alloyed with gold and other platinum group metals and in the rare minerals cooperite and polarite. (L794)"]], ["Irinotecan hydrochloride", "CCC1=C2CN3C(=CC4=C(C3=O)COC(=O)[C@@]4(CC)O)C2=NC5=C1C=C(C=C5)OC(=O)N6CCC(CC6)N7CCCCC7.Cl", ["Irinotecan hydrochloride (anhydrous) is a hydrochloride obtained by combining irinotecan with one molar equivalent of hydrochloric acid. Used (in the form of its trihydrate) in combination with fluorouracil and leucovorin, for the treatment of patients with metastatic adenocarcinoma of the pancreas after disease progression following gemcitabine-based therapy. It is converted via hydrolysis of the carbamate linkage to its active metabolite, SN-38, which is ~1000 times more active. It has a role as an EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor, an antineoplastic agent, an apoptosis inducer and a prodrug. It contains an irinotecan(1+).", "Irinotecan Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt of a semisynthetic derivative of camptothecin, a cytotoxic, quinoline-based alkaloid extracted from the Asian tree Camptotheca acuminata.  Irinotecan, a prodrug, is converted to a biologically active metabolite 7-ethyl-10-hydroxy-camptothecin (SN-38) by a carboxylesterase-converting enzyme.  One thousand-fold more potent than its parent compound irinotecan, SN-38 inhibits topoisomerase I activity by stabilizing the cleavable complex between topoisomerase I and DNA, resulting in DNA breaks that inhibit DNA replication and trigger apoptotic cell death.  Because ongoing DNA synthesis is necessary for irinotecan to exert its cytotoxic effects, it is classified as an S-phase-specific agent.", "A semisynthetic camptothecin derivative that inhibits DNA TOPOISOMERASE I to prevent nucleic acid synthesis during S PHASE. It is used as an antineoplastic agent for the treatment of COLORECTAL NEOPLASMS and PANCREATIC NEOPLASMS."]], ["Monoethyl phthalate", "CCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)O", ["Monoethyl phthalate is a phthalic acid monoester resulting from the condensation of one of the carboxy groups of phthalic acid with ethanol. It has a role as a metabolite. It is an ethyl ester and a phthalic acid monoester.", "Monoethyl phthalate (mEtP) is a metabolite, or breakdown product, of diethyl phthalate, used in perfume, cologne, deodorant, soap, shampoo, lotion, and other personal care products, particularly those containing fragrance."]], ["Lanolin", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC", ["Stearyl palmitate appears as white crystals or flakes. (NTP, 1992)", "Stearyl palmitate is a palmitate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of palmitic acid with the hydroxy group of stearyl alcohol. It has a role as a cosmetic and a coral metabolite. It is a hexadecanoate ester and a wax ester. It is functionally related to an octadecan-1-ol.", "Lanolin is a yellow fat obtained from sheep's wool. It is used as an emollient, cosmetic, and pharmaceutic aid. The US federal code of regulations states that lanolin in the concentration range of 12-50% may be included in over the counter skin ointments.  Lanolin is the purified, secreted product of the sheep sebaceous glands. Lanolin primarily consists of long-chain waxy esters, or sterol esters, that lack glycerides. For this reason, it is also called wool wax or wool grease. Lanolin is used in the protection, treatment, and cosmetic enhancement of human skin. Its hydrophobic properties can help protect skin against infections or skin irritation, as it helps seal in moisture that is already present in the skin.  Lanolin is used as an active ingredient in over the counter topical products such as ointments, lubricants, lotions and facial cosmetics. Lanolin is also frequently used in protective baby skin treatment and for sore nipples in breastfeeding mothers,.", "Lanolin is a natural product found in Bombax ceiba and Triticum aestivum with data available."]], ["2-(1-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)acetic acid", "CN1C=C(N=C1)CC(=O)O", ["1-methyl-4-imidazoleacetic acid is a monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a 1-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl group. It has a role as a metabolite and a GABA agonist. It is a member of imidazoles and a monocarboxylic acid. It is functionally related to an acetic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a 1-methyl-4-imidazoleacetate.", "2-(1-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)acetic acid is a natural product found in Vitis vinifera, Euglena gracilis, and other organisms with data available."]], ["1-Benzylpiperazine", "C1CN(CCN1)CC2=CC=CC=C2", ["1-benzylpiperazine is a tertiary amino compound that is piperazine substituted by a benzyl group at position 1. It is a serotonergic agonist used as a recreational drug. It has a role as a xenobiotic, an environmental contaminant, a psychotropic drug and a serotonergic agonist."]], ["Carmine Blue V", "CCN(CC)C1=CC=C(C=C1)C(=C2C=CC(=[N+](CC)CC)C=C2)C3=CC(=C(C=C3S(=O)(=O)O)S(=O)(=O)O)O", ["Patent blue V is an iminium ion that is a dark bluish synthetic dye used as a food colouring agent It has a role as a dye and an allergen.", "Patent blue is aniline dye and it is one of the most common dyes used. It is a sodium or calcium salt of diethylammonium hydroxide inner salt. It has the chemical designation of (4-(alpha-(p-(diethylamino)phenyl)-2,4-disulfobenzylidene)-2,5-cyclohexadiene-1-ylidene)diethylammonium hydroxide. Patent blue was developed by Guerbet and approved by Health Canada on December 31, 1979. The isomer isosulphan is used in the United States for the same indications than patent blue."]], ["Dtxcid4027818", "CCN(C)C(=O)OC1=CC=CC(=C1)[C@H](C)N(C)C.[C@H]([C@@H](C(=O)O)O)(C(=O)O)O", ["Rivastigmine Tartrate is the tartrate salt form of rivastigmine, a phenylcarbamate derivative exhibiting cognitive stimulating property. Although the mechanism of action has not been fully elucidated, rivastigmine tartrate may bind reversibly to cholinesterase, thereby decreasing the breakdown of acetylcholine and enhancing cholinergic function."]], ["Rivastigmine", "CCN(C)C(=O)OC1=CC=CC(=C1)[C@H](C)N(C)C", ["Rivastigmine is a carbamate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of ethyl(methyl)carbamic acid with the phenolic OH group of 3-[(1S)-1-(dimethylamino)ethyl]phenol. A reversible cholinesterase inhibitor. It has a role as an EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor, a neuroprotective agent and a cholinergic drug. It is a carbamate ester and a tertiary amino compound. It is a conjugate base of a rivastigmine(1+).", "Rivastigmine is a parasympathomimetic or cholinergic agent for the treatment of mild to moderate dementia of the Alzheimer's type. Rivastigmine is a cholinesterase inhibitor that inhibits both butyrylcholinesterase and acetylcholinesterase.", "Rivastigmine is a Cholinesterase Inhibitor. The mechanism of action of rivastigmine is as a Cholinesterase Inhibitor.", "Rivastigmine is an oral acetylcholinesterase inhibitor used for therapy of Alzheimer disease. Rivastigmine is associated with a minimal rate of serum enzyme elevations during therapy and is a rare cause of clinically apparent liver injury.", "A carbamate-derived reversible CHOLINESTERASE INHIBITOR that is selective for the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM and is used for the treatment of DEMENTIA in ALZHEIMER DISEASE and PARKINSON DISEASE."]], ["Frovatriptan", "CN[C@@H]1CCC2=C(C1)C3=C(N2)C=CC(=C3)C(=O)N", ["Frovatriptan is a member of carbazoles.", "Frovatriptan is a triptan drug developed by Vernalis for the treatment of migraine headaches, in particular those associated with menstruation. Frovatriptan causes vasoconstriction of arteries and veins that supply blood to the head.", "Frovatriptan is a Serotonin-1b and Serotonin-1d Receptor Agonist. The mechanism of action of frovatriptan is as a Serotonin 1b Receptor Agonist, and Serotonin 1d Receptor Agonist.", "Frovatriptan (Frova&#8482;) is a triptan drug developed by Vernalis for the treatment of migraine headaches, in particular those associated with menstruation. The product is licensed to Endo Pharmaceuticals in North America and Menarini in Europe.[1] Frovatriptan causes vasoconstriction of arteries and veins that supply blood to the head. It is available as 2.5 mg tablets.\n\nFrovatriptan has mean terminal elimination half-life of approximately 26 hours, which is substantially longer than other triptans.\n\nFrovatriptan is available only by prescription in the United States, where a secondary New Drug Approval (sNDA) was filed in July 2006[2] and which is currently pending.[3] The FDA anticipates completing its review of this application on or before the current PDUFA (Prescription Drug User Fee Act) review date of August 19, 2007. If the sNDA is approved, Frova&#8482; will be the only medication indicated in the U.S. for the short-term prevention of menstrual migraine (MM)."]], ["12-Hydroxydodecanoic acid", "C(CCCCCC(=O)O)CCCCCO", ["12-hydroxylauric acid is a medium-chain fatty acid that is the 12-hydroxylated derivative of lauric acid. It has a role as a human metabolite. It is functionally related to a dodecanoic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a 12-hydroxylaurate.", "12-Hydroxydodecanoic acid is a natural product found in Pinus radiata and Trypanosoma brucei with data available."]], ["2-Chloroallylidene-3,3-diacetate", "CC(=O)OC(C(=C)Cl)OC(=O)C", ["Ranelic acid is an organic acid capable of chelating metal cations. (L612)"]], ["N-Tris(hydroxymethyl)methyl-2-aminoethanesulfonic acid", "C(CS(=O)(=O)O)NC(CO)(CO)CO", ["N-tris(hydroxymethyl)methyl-2-aminoethanesulfonic acid is a Good's buffer substance, pKa = 7.5 at 20 \u2103. It is a member of ethanolamines, an amino sulfonic acid and a TES. It is functionally related to a taurine. It is a tautomer of a N-tris(hydroxymethyl)methyl-2-ammonioethanesulfonate."]], ["Trimethylsilyl cyanide", "C[Si](C)(C)C#N", ["Trimethylsilyl cyanide is a chemical compound of cyanide. It is used in organic synthesis. (L106)"]], ["Calcium acetate monohydrate", "CC(=O)[O-].CC(=O)[O-].O.[Ca+2]", ["Calcium acetate monohydrate is the monohydrate of calcium acetate. It has a role as a chelator. It contains a calcium acetate."]], ["Iron dibromide", "[Fe+2].[Br-].[Br-]", ["Iron(II) bromide is a chemical compound of iron and bromine. It is useful synthetic intermediate. Bromine is a halogen element with the symbol Br and atomic number 35. Diatomic bromine does not occur naturally, but bromine salts can be found in crustal rock. (L625, L653)"]], ["Mercury telluride", "[Te]=[Hg]", ["Mercury telluride is a chemical compound of mercury and tellurium that occurs naturally as the mineral coloradoite. It is found in semiconductors. Mercury is a heavy, silvery d-block metal and one of six elements that are liquid at or near room temperature and pressure. It is a naturally occuring substance, and combines with other elements such as chlorine, sulfur, or oxygen to form inorganic mercury compounds (salts). Mercury also combines with carbon to make organic mercury compounds. (L1, L432)"]], ["Bis (2-Carboxyethylgermanium)sesquioxide", "C(C[Ge](=O)O[Ge](=O)CCC(=O)O)C(=O)O", ["Propagermanium is an organogermanium compound.", "See also: Germanium sesquioxide (related)."]], ["Metronidazole benzoate", "CC1=NC=C(N1CCOC(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2)[N+](=O)[O-]", ["Metronidazole benzoate is a benzoate ester resulting from the formal condensation of benzoic acid with the hydroxy group of metronidazole. It has a role as an antibacterial drug, an antimicrobial agent, an antiparasitic agent, an antitrichomonal drug and a prodrug. It is functionally related to a metronidazole and a benzoic acid.", "Metronidazole Benzoate is the benzoate ester of metronidazole, a synthetic nitroimidazole derivative with antiprotozoal and antibacterial activities."]], ["Eriocitrin", "C[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O1)OC[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O2)OC3=CC(=C4C(=O)C[C@H](OC4=C3)C5=CC(=C(C=C5)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O", ["Eriocitrin is a disaccharide derivative that consists of eriodictyol substituted by a 6-O-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. It has a role as an antioxidant. It is a disaccharide derivative, a member of 3'-hydroxyflavanones, a trihydroxyflavanone, a flavanone glycoside, a member of 4'-hydroxyflavanones and a rutinoside. It is functionally related to an eriodictyol.", "Eriocitrin is a natural product found in Cyclopia subternata, Citrus latipes, and other organisms with data available."]], ["Barium iodide (BaI2)", "[I-].[I-].[Ba+2]", ["Barium iodide is an iodide of barium. Barium is a metallic alkaline earth metal with the symbol Ba, and atomic number 56. It never occurs in nature in its pure form due to its reactivity with air, but combines with other chemicals such as sulfur or carbon and oxygen to form barium compounds that may be found as minerals. (L214, 408)"]], ["L-Leucic acid", "CC(C)C[C@@H](C(=O)O)O", ["(S)-2-hydroxy-4-methylpentanoic acid is the (S)-enantiomer of 2-hydroxy-4-methylpentanoic acid. Derived from the metabolism of the branched-chain amino acids, it belongs to the 2-hydroxycarboxylic acid group of amino acid metabolites. It is a 2-hydroxy-4-methylvaleric acid and a (2S)-2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid. It is an enantiomer of a (R)-2-hydroxy-4-methylpentanoic acid.", "L-Leucic acid is a natural product found in Brassica napus and Aeromonas veronii with data available."]], ["Chloroquine monophosphate", "CCN(CC)CCCC(C)NC1=C2C=CC(=CC2=NC=C1)Cl.OP(=O)(O)O", ["EGb761 is a standardized ginkgo biloba extract with antioxidant and neuroprotective activities.  EGb761 has been shown to inhibit the proliferation of certain tumor cells in vitro. (NCI04)"]], ["Chloroquine hydrochloride", "CCN(CC)CCCC(C)NC1=C2C=CC(=CC2=NC=C1)Cl.Cl.Cl", ["Chloroquine Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt of chloroquine, a synthetic quinoline with antimalarial and anti-inflammatory properties. Chloroquine is the most widely used drug against malaria, except for those cases caused by chloroquine resistant Plasmodium falciparum. Although the mechanism of action is not fully understood, chloroquine is shown to inhibit the parasitic enzyme heme polymerase that converts the toxic heme into non-toxic hemazoin, thereby resulting in the accumulation of toxic heme within the parasite. Chloroquine may also interfere with the biosynthesis of nucleic acids."]], ["CID 83898", "C[C@@H]1O[C@]2(CN3CCC2CC3)CS1", ["Cevimeline is an orally available cholinergic agonist that is used to treat symptoms of dry mouth in patients with keratoconjunctivitis sicca (Sj\u00f6gren syndrome). Cevimeline has not been linked to serum enzyme elevations during therapy or to instances of clinically apparent liver injury.", "Cevimeline is a cholinergic analogue with glandular secretion stimulatory activity. Cevimeline binds to and activates muscarinic receptors, thereby increasing the secretions in exocrine salivary and sweat glands. This cholinergic agonist also increases the tone of smooth muscle in the gastrointestinal and urinary tracts. Cevimeline is being studied as a treatment for dry mouth caused by radiation therapy to the head and neck."]], ["Erythromycin phosphate", "CC[C@@H]1[C@@]([C@@H]([C@H](C(=O)[C@@H](C[C@@]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](C(=O)O1)C)O[C@H]2C[C@@]([C@H]([C@@H](O2)C)O)(C)OC)C)O[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@H](C[C@H](O3)C)N(C)C)O)(C)O)C)C)O)(C)O.OP(=O)(O)O", ["A bacteriostatic antibiotic macrolide produced by Streptomyces erythreus. Erythromycin A is considered its major active component. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins."]], ["Fentanyl isothiocyanate", "CCC(=O)N(C1CCN(CC1)CCC2=CC=C(C=C2)N=C=S)C3=CC=CC=C3", ["N-[1-[2-(4-isothiocyanatophenyl)ethyl]-4-piperidinyl]-N-phenylpropanamide is a member of piperidines."]], ["Bleomycin sulfate", "CC1=C(N=C(N=C1N)C(CC(=O)N)NCC(C(=O)N)N)C(=O)NC(C(C2=CN=CN2)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)OC(=O)N)O)C(=O)NC(C)C(C(C)C(=O)NC(C(C)O)C(=O)NCCC5=NC(=CS5)C6=NC(=CS6)C(=O)NCCC[S+](C)C)O", ["Bleomycin appears as colorless or yellowish powder. Possible bluish color depending on copper content. (NTP, 1992)", "Bleomycin is a cystotoxic antibiotic that is used as an anticancer agent in the therapy of testicular and germ cell cancers, Hodgkin disease, lymphomas and tumors of the head and neck. Therapy with bleomycin in combination with other agents is often associated with mild-to-moderate serum enzyme elevations, but is a rare cause of clinically apparent liver injury.", "Bleomycin A2 is the primary bleomycin species in bleomycin sulfate, a mixture of the sulfate salts of several basic glycopeptide antineoplastic antibiotics isolated from Streptomyces verticillus.  Bleomycin A2 forms complexes with iron that reduce molecular oxygen to superoxide and hydroxyl radicals which cause single- and double-stranded breaks in DNA; these reactive oxygen species also induce lipid peroxidation, carbohydrate oxidation, and alterations in prostaglandin synthesis and degradation. (NCI04)", "Bleomycin is a mixture of glycopeptide antineoplastic antibiotics isolated from the bacterium Streptomyces verticillus. Bleomycin forms complexes with iron that reduce molecular oxygen to superoxide and hydroxyl radicals which cause single- and double-stranded breaks in DNA; these reactive oxygen species also induce lipid peroxidation, carbohydrate oxidation, and alterations in prostaglandin synthesis and degradation.", "Bleomycin Sulfate is a mixture of the sulfate salts of basic glycopeptide antineoplastic antibiotics isolated from Streptomyces verticillus. Bleomycin sulfate forms complexes with iron that reduce molecular oxygen to superoxide and hydroxyl radicals which cause single- and double-stranded breaks in DNA; these reactive oxygen species also induce lipid peroxidation, carbohydrate oxidation, and alterations in prostaglandin synthesis and degradation.", "A complex of related glycopeptide antibiotics from Streptomyces verticillus consisting of bleomycin A2 and B2. It inhibits DNA metabolism and is used as an antineoplastic, especially for solid tumors."]], ["Calcium Fluoride", "[F-].[F-].[Ca+2]", ["Calcium fluoride appears as odorless gray powder or granules. Sinks in water. (USCG, 1999)", "Calcium difluoride is a calcium salt and an inorganic calcium salt."]], ["1,4-Dihydroxy-3-methyl-2-naphthyl 4-aminobenzoate", "CC1=C(C2=CC=CC=C2C(=C1OC(=O)C3=CC=C(C=C3)N)O)O", ["Aminaphthone is a member of naphthols.", "Aminaftone has been investigated for the treatment of Cockett Syndrome, May-Thurner Syndrome, and Iliac Vein Obstruction."]], ["cis-Diaminodichloroplatinum", "N.N.[Cl-].[Cl-].[Pt+2]", ["Cisplatin is a Platinum-based Drug.", "An inorganic and water-soluble platinum complex. After undergoing hydrolysis, it reacts with DNA to produce both intra and interstrand crosslinks. These crosslinks appear to impair replication and transcription of DNA. The cytotoxicity of cisplatin correlates with cellular arrest in the G2 phase of the cell cycle.", "See also: Cisplatin (preferred)."]], ["2,5-Dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine", "CC1=CC(=C(C=C1OC)CC(C)N)OC", ["A psychedelic phenyl isopropylamine derivative, commonly called DOM, whose mood-altering effects and mechanism of action may be similar to those of LSD.", "A psychedelic phenyl isopropylamine derivative, commonly called DOM, whose mood-altering effects and mechanism of action may be similar to those of LSD."]], ["17-(5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol", "CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C)C(C)C", ["17-(5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol is a natural product found in Dracaena draco, Mus musculus, and other organisms with data available."]], ["coenzyme A", "CC(C)(COP(=O)(O)OP(=O)(O)OC[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O1)N2C=NC3=C(N=CN=C32)N)O)OP(=O)(O)O)[C@H](C(=O)NCCC(=O)NCCS)O", ["Coenzyme A is a thiol comprising a panthothenate unit in phosphoric anhydride linkage with a 3',5'-adenosine diphosphate unit; and an aminoethanethiol unit. It has a role as an Escherichia coli metabolite, a mouse metabolite and a coenzyme. It is functionally related to an ADP. It is a conjugate acid of a coenzyme A(4-).", "Coenzyme A (CoA, CoASH, or HSCoA) is a coenzyme, well known for it's role in the synthesis and oxidation of fatty acids, and the oxidation of pyruvate in the citric acid cycle. All genomes sequenced to date encode enzymes that use coenzyme A as a substrate, and around 4% of cellular enzymes use it, or a thioester form of it, as a substrate. It is used as a supplement for the hypothetical treatment of acne.", "Coenzyme A is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).", "coenzyme A is a natural product found in Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and other organisms with data available.", "Coenzyme A is a coenzyme containing pantothenic acid, adenosine 3-phosphate 5-pyrophosphate, and cysteamine; involved in the transfer of acyl groups, notably in transacetylations."]], ["Slaframine", "CC(=O)O[C@H]1CCN2[C@H]1CC[C@@H](C2)N", ["Slaframine is a natural product found in Slafractonia leguminicola with data available.", "Slaframine is a mycotoxin produced by the fungus Rizoctonia leguminicola. It is a parasympathomimetic compound and causes increased exocrine function, especially salivation. Along with swainsonine, the other biologially active compound of R. leguminicola, it is known to cause a condition called \"slobbers syndrome\" in livestock that has ingested contaminated feed. (A3091, A3092)"]], ["Tretazicar", "C1CN1C2=C(C=C(C(=C2)C(=O)N)[N+](=O)[O-])[N+](=O)[O-]", ["Tretazicar is under investigation in clinical trial NCT00746590 (Study of Anti-tumour Effects and Safety of Prolarix\u2122 in Hepatocellular Carcinoma).", "Tretazicar is a prodrug of a bifunctional alkylating, dinitrobenzamide derivative with antineoplastic activity. Tretazicar can be activated by the human enzyme quinone oxidoreductase 2 (NQO2) in the presence of the cosubstrate caricotamide, an analogue of the natural cosubstrate dihydronicotinamide riboside (NRH), which acts as an electron donor. The resulting active, but short-lived metabolite, dinitrobenzamide, leads to DNA replication inhibition and the induction of apoptosis in NQO2 expressing cancer cells. Due to the lack of the natural cosubstrate NRH, NQO2 expression is normally latent but is upregulated in certain types of tumor cells."]], ["S-adenosylmethionine chloride", "C[S+](CC[C@@H](C(=O)O)N)C[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O1)N2C=NC3=C(N=CN=C32)N)O)O.[Cl-]", ["Physiologic methyl radical donor involved in enzymatic transmethylation reactions and present in all living organisms. It possesses anti-inflammatory activity and has been used in treatment of chronic liver disease. (From Merck, 11th ed)"]], ["Moexipril", "CCOC(=O)[C@H](CCC1=CC=CC=C1)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N2CC3=CC(=C(C=C3C[C@H]2C(=O)O)OC)OC", ["Moexipril is a peptide.", "Moexipril is a non-sulfhydryl containing precursor of the active angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor moexiprilat. It is used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension). It works by relaxing blood vessels, causing them to widen. Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks and kidney problems.", "Moexipril is an Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor. The mechanism of action of moexipril is as an Angiotensin-converting Enzyme Inhibitor.", "Moexipril is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor which is used in the therapy of hypertension. Moexipril is associated with a low rate of transient serum aminotransferase elevations, but has yet to be linked to instances of acute liver injury.", "Moexipril is a non-sulfhydryl angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor with antihypertensive activity. As a prodrug, moexipril is hydrolyzed into its active form moexiprilat, which competitively inhibits ACE, thereby blocking the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II. This prevents the actions of the potent vasoconstrictor angiotensin II and leads to vasodilation. It also prevents angiotensin II-induced aldosterone secretion by the adrenal cortex, thereby promoting diuresis and natriuresis."]], ["Deoxyspergualin", "C(CCCN=C(N)N)CCC(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)NCCCCNCCCN)O", ["Deoxyspergualin has been used in trials studying the treatment of Lupus Nephritis, Chronic Rejection, and Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1."]], ["Tiagabine hydrochloride", "CC1=C(SC=C1)C(=CCCN2CCC[C@H](C2)C(=O)O)C3=C(C=CS3)C.Cl", ["Tiagabine hydrochloride is a hydrochloride resulting from the reaction of equimolar amounts of tiagabine and hydrogen chloride. A GABA reuptake inhibitor, it is used for the treatment of epilepsy. It has a role as an anticonvulsant and a GABA reuptake inhibitor. It contains a tiagabine(1+).", "Tiagabine Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of tiagabine, a nipecotic acid derivative with anticonvulsant property. Tiagabine hydrochloride inhibits the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transporter type 1 (GAT1), which is predominantly localized in presynaptic terminals of neurons thereby preventing the reuptake of GABA by the presynaptic endings. Consequently, this increases the level of available GABA within the synaptic cleft, thereby resulting in prolongation of its inhibitory actions. Tiagabine is effective against maximum electroshock seizures and both limbic and generalized tonic-clonic seizures.", "A nipecotic acid derivative that acts as a GABA uptake inhibitor and anticonvulsant agent. It is used in the treatment of EPILEPSY, for refractory PARTIAL SEIZURES."]], ["Phentolamine mesylate", "CC1=CC=C(C=C1)N(CC2=NCCN2)C3=CC(=CC=C3)O.CS(=O)(=O)O", ["Phentolamine Mesylate is the mesylate salt of a synthetic imidazoline with alpha-adrenergic antagonist activity. As a competitive alpha-adrenergic antagonist, phentolamine binds to alpha-1 and alpha-2 receptors, resulting in a decrease in peripheral vascular resistance and vasodilatation. This agent also may block 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptors and stimulate release of histamine from mast cells.", "A nonselective alpha-adrenergic antagonist. It is used in the treatment of hypertension and hypertensive emergencies, pheochromocytoma, vasospasm of RAYNAUD DISEASE and frostbite, clonidine withdrawal syndrome, impotence, and peripheral vascular disease."]], ["Lactate", "CC(C(=O)[O-])O", ["Lactate is a hydroxy monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of lactic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group. It has a role as a human metabolite and an Escherichia coli metabolite. It is functionally related to a propionate. It is a conjugate base of a rac-lactic acid and a 2-hydroxypropanoic acid.", "A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed)"]], ["Smilagenin", "C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2([C@H]([C@H]3[C@@H](O2)C[C@@H]4[C@@]3(CC[C@H]5[C@H]4CC[C@H]6[C@@]5(CC[C@@H](C6)O)C)C)C)OC1", ["(25R)-5beta-spirostan-3beta-ol is an oxaspiro compound that is(5beta,25R)-spirostan substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent and a metabolite. It is an oxaspiro compound, a 3beta-hydroxy steroid, an organic heterohexacyclic compound and a sapogenin. It derives from a hydride of a (25R)-5beta-spirostan.", "Smilagenin is a novel non-peptide, orally bioavailable neurotrophic factor inducer that readily reverses free radical neurotoxicity produced by 1-ethyl-4- phenylpyridium (MPP+) in dopaminergic neurones and reverses the decrease of neuronal growth factors and dopamine receptors in the brain. Pre-clinical work with smilagenin showed it to be neuroprotective against betya-amyloid and glutamate damage which contributes to Alzheimer's disease and reverses the changes in the area of the brain involved in Parkinson\u2019s disease.  P58 is a protein synthesis stimulant acts by restoring levels of proteins that are altered in the ageing brain, reversing the loss of nerve receptors in the ageing brain and potentially allowing for the regrowth of neural connections. P58 therefore provides a totally novel mode of action with potential importance for diseases associated with ageing of the brain. P58 is one of a family of phytochemicals isolated from traditional treatments for the elderly that have previously been shown to offer significant benefit in the treatment of senile dementia.", "Smilagenin is a natural product found in Yucca gloriosa, Yucca aloifolia, and other organisms with data available."]], ["Chloroquine sulfate", "CCN(CC)CCCC(C)NC1=C2C=CC(=CC2=NC=C1)Cl.OS(=O)(=O)O", ["Chloroquine Sulfate is the sulfate salt of chloroquine, a quinoline compound with antimalarial and anti-inflammatory properties. Chloroquine is the most widely used drug against malaria, except for those cases caused by chloroquine resistant Plasmodium falciparum. Although the mechanism of action is not fully understood, chloroquine is shown to inhibit the parasitic enzyme heme polymerase that converts the toxic heme into non-toxic hemazoin, thereby resulting in the accumulation of toxic heme within the parasite. Chloroquine may also interfere with the biosynthesis of nucleic acids.", "The prototypical antimalarial agent with a mechanism that is not well understood. It has also been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and in the systemic therapy of amebic liver abscesses."]], ["3beta-Hydroxy-2beta-tropanecarboxylic acid", "CN1[C@H]2CC[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@H](C2)O)C(=O)O", ["Ecgonine is a tropane alkaloid that consists of tropane bearing carboxy and hydroxy substituents at positions 2 and 3 respectively and having (1R,2R,3S,5S)-configuration. It is both a metabolite of and a precursor to cocaine. It has a role as a metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a tropane alkaloid and a 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid."]], ["Equol", "C1[C@H](COC2=C1C=CC(=C2)O)C3=CC=C(C=C3)O", ["Equol is a member of hydroxyisoflavans.", "Equol has been used in trials studying the treatment of Breast Cancer.", "Equol is a natural product found in Punica granatum with data available.", "S-equol is an orally bioavailable, non-steroidal estrogen naturally produced by the metabolism of the isoflavonoid daidzein by human intestinal microflora, with potential chemoprotective and estrogen receptor (ER) modulating activities. S-equol preferentially binds to and activates the beta isoform of ER in certain target tissues, while having an antagonistic effect in other tissues. This modulates the expression of ER-responsive genes in a tissue-specific manner. This agent may increase bone mineral density, affect vasomotor symptoms, and may decrease the proliferation rate of susceptible cancer cells. In addition, this agent interferes with the activity of enzymes involved in steroid biosynthesis. S-equol inhibits dihydrotestosterone (DHT) production and may inhibit the proliferation of androgen-driven prostate cancer. S-equol is the biologically active enantiomer while R-equol is essentially inactive and has a weak affinity for alpha-ER.", "Equol is a metabolite of daidzein, a phytoestrogen common in the human diet and abundant in soy. Intestinal bacteria in humans can reduce daidzein to equol, and can be found in normal human urine. The clinical effectiveness of soy isoflavones may be a function of the ability to biotransform soy isoflavones to the more potent estrogenic metabolite, equol, which may enhance the actions of soy isoflavones, owing to its greater affinity for estrogen receptors, unique antiandrogenic properties, and superior antioxidant activity. However, not all individuals consuming daidzein produce equol. Only approximately one-third to one-half of the population is able to metabolize daidzein to equol. This high variability in equol production is presumably attributable to interindividual differences in the composition of the intestinal microflora, which may play an important role in the mechanisms of action of isoflavones.  (A3188, A3189).", "A non-steroidal ESTROGEN generated when soybean products are metabolized by certain bacteria in the intestines."]], ["Fluocinolone", "C[C@]12C[C@@H]([C@]3([C@H]([C@@H]1C[C@H]([C@@]2(C(=O)CO)O)O)C[C@@H](C4=CC(=O)C=C[C@@]43C)F)F)O", ["Fluocinolone is a fluorinated steroid.", "Fluocinolone has been used in trials studying the treatment and prevention of Candida Infection, Oral Lichen Planus, Macular Degeneration, and Choroidal Neovascularization.", "Fluocinolone is a synthetic glucocorticoid with anti-inflammatory and antipruritic activities. Fluocinolone binds the glucocorticoid receptor, followed by translocation of the ligand-receptor complex to the nucleus and transcription activation of genes containing glucocorticoid-responsive elements. Lipocortin-1 is one factor induced by fluocinolone that interacts with and inhibits cytosolic phospholipase 2 alpha, thereby preventing phospholipase translocation to the perinuclear membrane and subsequent release and conversion of arachidonic acid to inflammatory prostaglandins. In addition, MAPK phosphatase 1 is induced, thereby preventing the triggering of the MAPK cascade resulting in pro-inflammatory effects via Jun N-terminal kinase and c-Jun. Finally, fluocinolone binds to and inhibits nuclear factor kappa-B directly, resulting in inhibition of cyclooxygenase 2 transcription and subsequent prostaglandin synthesis."]], ["3,4-Dihydroxyphenylglycol", "C1=CC(=C(C=C1C(CO)O)O)O", ["3,4-dihydroxyphenylethyleneglycol is a tetrol composed of ethyleneglycol having a 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl group at the 1-position. It has a role as a metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a member of catechols and a tetrol.", "3,4-Dihydroxyphenylglycol is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).", "3,4-Dihydroxyphenylglycol is a natural product found in Phaseolus vulgaris, Olea europaea, and Homo sapiens with data available."]], ["CID 91556", "CC(=CC=CC=C(C)C=CC=C(C)C=CC(=O)OC)C=CC=C(C)C=CC(=O)O", ["CID 91556 is a natural product found in Bixa orellana with data available."]], ["Cefacetrile", "CC(=O)OCC1=C(N2[C@@H]([C@@H](C2=O)NC(=O)CC#N)SC1)C(=O)O", ["Cefacetrile is a cephalosporin.", "A derivative of 7-aminocephalosporanic acid.", "Cephacetrile is a broad-spectrum first-generation cephalosporin with antibacterial activity. Cephacetrile binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall. PBPs are enzymes involved in the terminal stages of assembling the bacterial cell wall and in reshaping the cell wall during growth and division. Inactivation of PBPs interferes with the cross-linkage of peptidoglycan chains necessary for bacterial cell wall strength and rigidity. This results in the weakening of the bacterial cell wall and causes cell lysis.", "A derivative of 7-aminocephalosporanic acid."]], ["Salsolinol", "C[C@H]1C2=CC(=C(C=C2CCN1)O)O", ["(S)-salsolinol is a 1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-6,7-diol that has S-configuration. It has a role as a human urinary metabolite. It is an enantiomer of a (R)-salsolinol.", "Salsolinol is a natural product found in Aristolochia arcuata and Portulaca oleracea with data available."]], ["Gliquidone", "CC1(C2=C(C=C(C=C2)OC)C(=O)N(C1=O)CCC3=CC=C(C=C3)S(=O)(=O)NC(=O)NC4CCCCC4)C", ["1-cyclohexyl-3-[4-[2-(7-methoxy-4,4-dimethyl-1,3-dioxo-2-isoquinolinyl)ethyl]phenyl]sulfonylurea is a member of isoquinolines.", "Gliquidone is a sulfonylurea drug used to treat diabetes mellitus type 2. It is an ATP-dependent K+ (KATP) channel blocker. This block causes a depolarization which leads to activation of voltage-dependent Ca channels and Ca2+ influx, and eventually increases insulin release.", "Gliquidone is a potent, second-generation sulfonylurea with antihyperglycemic activity. Like other second-generation compounds, gliquidone exerts greater binding affinity to SUR1 and increased potency compared to first-generation compounds. In addition, this agent exerts peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma agonistic activity."]], ["1,7-Dimethyluric acid", "CN1C2=C(NC1=O)NC(=O)N(C2=O)C", ["1,7-dimethyluric acid is an oxopurine that is 7,9-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6,8(3H)-trione substituted by methyl groups at N-1 and N-7. It is a metabolite of caffeine and is often found in human urine samples. It has a role as a human xenobiotic metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is functionally related to a 7,9-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6,8(3H)-trione. It is a conjugate acid of a 1,7-dimethylurate anion."]], ["(3S,4S,5R)-1,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexan-2-one", "C([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](C(=O)CO)O)O)O)O", ["Keto-D-tagatose is the straight-chain keto form of D-tagatose. It is an enantiomer of a keto-L-tagatose.", "Tagatose is a functional sweetener. It is a naturally occurring monosaccharide, specifically a hexose. It is commonly found in dairy with a similar texture and sweetened capacity to sucrose but with only a third of the calories. It is approved as a food additive as a low calorie sweetener. Additionally, it is under investigation by Spherix for the treatment of obesity and type II diabetes.", "(3S,4S,5R)-1,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexan-2-one is a natural product found in Pogostemon cablin and Solanum lycopersicum with data available."]], ["Sarsasapogenin", "C[C@H]1CC[C@@]2([C@H]([C@H]3[C@@H](O2)C[C@@H]4[C@@]3(CC[C@H]5[C@H]4CC[C@H]6[C@@]5(CC[C@@H](C6)O)C)C)C)OC1", ["(25S)-5beta-spirostan-3beta-ol is a sapogenin.", "Sarsasapogenin is a natural product found in Yucca gloriosa, Narthecium ossifragum, and other organisms with data available."]], ["Riboflavin tetrabutyrate", "CCCC(=O)OC[C@H]([C@H]([C@H](CN1C2=C(C=C(C(=C2)C)C)N=C3C1=NC(=O)NC3=O)OC(=O)CCC)OC(=O)CCC)OC(=O)CCC", ["Riboflavin butyrate is a flavin."]], ["4,4'-Oxydi-2-butanol", "CC(CCOCCC(C)O)O", ["Oxydibutanol is a secondary alcohol."]], ["Copper aspirinate", "CC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)[O-].CC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)[O-].CC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)[O-].CC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)[O-].[Cu+2].[Cu+2]", ["Copper aspirinate is an aspirin chelate of copper(II) cations (Cu2+). It is used to treat rheumatoid arthritis. Copper is a chemical element with the symbol Cu and atomic number 29. Copper is an essential elements in plants and animals as it is required for the normal functioning of more than 30 enzymes. It occurs naturally throughout the environment in rocks, soil, water, and air. (L277, L278, L283)"]], ["Meclizine Monohydrochloride", "CC1=CC(=CC=C1)CN2CCN(CC2)C(C3=CC=CC=C3)C4=CC=C(C=C4)Cl.Cl", ["Meclizine Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of meclizine, a synthetic piperazine with anti-emetic, sedative and histamine H1 antagonistic properties. Meclizine hydrochloride blocks the H1 histamine receptor and prevents the symptoms that are caused by histamine activity on capillaries, bronchial and gastrointestinal smooth muscles, including vasodilation, increased capillary permeability, bronchoconstriction, and spasmodic contraction of gastrointestinal smooth muscles. Meclizine hydrochloride may exert its antiemetic effects by its anticholinergic actions or due to a direct effect on the medullary chemoreceptive trigger zone.", "A histamine H1 antagonist used in the treatment of motion sickness, vertigo, and nausea during pregnancy and radiation sickness."]], ["Phosdiphen", "CCOP(=O)(OC1=C(C=C(C=C1)Cl)Cl)OC2=C(C=C(C=C2)Cl)Cl", ["Phosdiphen is a dichlorobenzene."]], ["Tarenflurbil", "C[C@H](C1=CC(=C(C=C1)C2=CC=CC=C2)F)C(=O)O", ["(R)-flurbiprofen is a flurbiprofen. It is an enantiomer of a (S)-flurbiprofen.", "Tarenflurbil is an investigational drug that was studied in patients with mild Alzheimer's disease. It is a selective amyloid lowering agent (SALA) that reduces levels of the toxic peptide amyloid beta 42 (A\u03b242) in cultured human cells and in animal models. A\u03b242 is the primary initiator of neurotoxicity and amyloid plaque development in the brains of Alzheimer's disease patients. In June 2008 development of the drug for Alzheimer's disease was discontinued. Tarenflurbil has also been used in trials studying the treatment of Prostate Cancer.", "Tarenflurbil is an orally active synthetic enantiomer of flurbiprofen.  Tarenflurbil activates c-Jun N terminal kinase, increases AP-1 binding to DNA, and downregulates cyclin D1 expression, resulting in arrest of tumor cells in the G1 phase of the cell cycle and apoptosis. This agent also affects the expression of nuclear factor kappa B, a rapid response transcription factor that stimulates the immune response to tumor cells. R-flurbiprofen does not inhibit the enzyme cyclo-oxygenase."]], ["Zofenopril", "C[C@H](CSC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1)C(=O)N2C[C@H](C[C@H]2C(=O)O)SC3=CC=CC=C3", ["Zofenopril is a proline derivative that is 4-(phenylsulfanyl)-L-proline in which the amine proton is replaced by a (2S)-3-(benzoylsulfanyl)-2-methylpropanoyl group. A prodrug for zofenoprilat. It has a role as an EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor, an apoptosis inhibitor, a cardioprotective agent, an anticonvulsant, a prodrug and a vasodilator agent. It is a thioester, a N-acyl-L-amino acid, an aryl sulfide and a L-proline derivative. It is a conjugate acid of a zofenopril(1-).", "Zofenopril is employed as both a cardioprotective and anti-hypertensive agent. It is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor.", "Zofenopril is a sulfhydryl angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor with antihypertensive activity. As a prodrug, zofenopril is hydrolyzed in vivo into its active form zofenoprilat. Zofenoprilat competitively binds to and inhibits ACE, thereby blocking the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II. This prevents the potent vasoconstrictive actions of angiotensin II and results in vasodilation. Zofenoprilat also decreases angiotensin II-induced aldosterone secretion by the adrenal cortex, which leads to an increase in sodium excretion and subsequently increases water outflow."]], ["gamma-Tocopherol", "CC1=C(C=C2CC[C@@](OC2=C1C)(C)CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)O", ["Gamma-tocopherol is a tocopherol in which the chroman-6-ol core is substituted by methyl groups at positions 7 and 8. It is found particularly in maize (corn) oil and soya bean (soybean) oils. It has a role as a plant metabolite, a food antioxidant and an algal metabolite. It is a vitamin E and a tocopherol.", "gamma-Tocopherol is under investigation in clinical trial NCT00836368 (In Vitro Basophil Responsiveness to Allergen Challenge After Gamma-tocopherol Supplementation in Allergic Asthmatics).", "gamma-Tocopherol is a natural product found in Hypericum perfoliatum, Hypericum tomentosum, and other organisms with data available.", "Gamma-Tocopherol is the orally bioavailable gamma form of the naturally-occurring fat-soluble vitamin E, found in certain nuts and seeds, with potential antioxidant activity. Although the exact mechanism of action of this tocopherol has yet to be fully identified, gamma-tocopherol appears to have the ability to scavenge free radicals, thereby protecting against oxidative damage.", "A natural tocopherol with less antioxidant activity than ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL. It exhibits antioxidant activity by virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus. As in BETA-TOCOPHEROL, it also has three methyl groups on the 6-chromanol nucleus but at different sites."]], ["Nepetalactone", "CC1CCC2C1C(=O)OC=C2C", ["Nepetalactone is a natural product found in Paeonia lactiflora, Nepeta cataria, and Cinara pilicornis with data available."]], ["Allopregnanolone", "CC(=O)[C@H]1CC[C@@H]2[C@@]1(CC[C@H]3[C@H]2CC[C@@H]4[C@@]3(CC[C@H](C4)O)C)C", ["Brexanolone is a 3-hydroxy-5alpha-pregnan-20-one in which the hydroxy group at position 3 has alpha-configuration. It is a metabolite of the sex hormone progesterone and used for the treatment of postpartum depression in women. It has a role as a human metabolite, an antidepressant, a GABA modulator, an intravenous anaesthetic and a sedative.", "As of March 2019, brexanolone - developed and made available commercially by Sage Therapeutics Inc. as the brand name product Zulresso - is the first drug to have ever been approved by the US FDA specifically for the treatment of postpartum depression (PPD) in adult females. Since PPD, like various other types of depression, is characterized by feelings of sadness, worthlessness or guilt, cognitive impairment, and/or possibly suicidal ideation, it is considered a life-threatening condition. Studies have consequently found that PPD can genuinely have profound negative effects on the maternal-infant bond and later infant development. The development and availability of brexanolone for the treatment of PPD in adult females subsequently provides a new and promising therapy where few existed before.  In particular, the use of brexanolone in treating PPD is surrounded with promise because it acts in part as a synthetic supplement for possible deficiencies in endogenous brexanolone (allopregnanolone) in postpartum women susceptible to PPD whereas many commonly used anti-depressive medications elicit actions that may modulate the presence and activity of substances like serotonin, norepinephrine, and/or monoamine oxidase but do not mediate activities directly associated with PPD like natural fluctuations in the levels of endogenous neuroactive steroids like allopregnanolone.  And finally, although brexanolone may also be undergoing clinical trials to investigate its abilities to treat super-refractory status epilepticus, it appears that some such studies have failed to meet primary endpoints that compare success in the weaning of third-line agents and resolution of potentially life-threatening status epilepticus with brexanolone vs. placebo when added to standard-of-care.", "Brexanolone is a Neuroactive Steroid Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid A Receptor Positive Modulator. The mechanism of action of brexanolone is as a GABA A Receptor Positive Modulator.", "Brexanolone is a unique, intravenously administered, neuroactive steroidal antidepressant used in the therapy of moderate-to-severe postpartum depression. In prelicensure clinical trials, brexanolone therapy was not associated with an increased rate of serum aminotransferase elevations, and it has not been linked to instances of clinically apparent acute liver injury.", "Allopregnanolone is a natural product found in Homo sapiens with data available.", "A pregnane found in the urine of pregnant women and sows. It has anesthetic, hypnotic, and sedative properties."]], ["3beta-Hydroxy-5alpha-pregnan-20-one", "CC(=O)[C@H]1CC[C@@H]2[C@@]1(CC[C@H]3[C@H]2CC[C@@H]4[C@@]3(CC[C@@H](C4)O)C)C", ["3beta-hydroxy-5alpha-pregnan-20-one is a 3-hydroxy-5alpha-pregnan-20-one.", "Sepranolone has been investigated for the treatment of Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder.", "A pregnane found in the urine of pregnant women and sows. It has anesthetic, hypnotic, and sedative properties."]], ["Silver carbonate", "C(=O)([O-])[O-].[Ag+].[Ag+]", ["Silver carbonate is an odorless yellow to brown solid. Sinks in water. (USCG, 1999)", "Silver carbonate is a chemical compound of silver. It is used as a reagent in organic synthesis such as the Koenigs-Knorr reaction. It is also employed to convert alkyl bromides into alcohols. Silver is a metallic element with the chemical symbol Ag and atomic number 47. It occurs naturally in its pure, free form, as an alloy with gold and other metals, and in minerals such as argentite and chlorargyrite. (L808, L809, L815)"]], ["5alpha-Pregnane-3,20-dione", "CC(=O)[C@H]1CC[C@@H]2[C@@]1(CC[C@H]3[C@H]2CC[C@@H]4[C@@]3(CCC(=O)C4)C)C", ["5alpha-pregnane-3,20-dione is a C21-steroid hormone that is 5alpha-pregnane substituted by oxo groups at positions 3 and 20. It is a metabolite of progestrone. It has a role as a human metabolite and a progestogen. It is a 20-oxo steroid, a C21-steroid hormone and a 3-oxo-5alpha-steroid. It is functionally related to a progesterone. It derives from a hydride of a 5alpha-pregnane.", "5alpha-Pregnane-3,20-dione is a natural product found in Holarrhena pubescens and Homo sapiens with data available.", "A biologically active 5-alpha-reduced metabolite of plasma PROGESTERONE. It is the immediate precursor of 5-alpha-pregnan-3-alpha-ol-20-one (ALLOPREGNANOLONE), a neuroactive steroid that binds with GABA(A) RECEPTOR."]], ["19-Norandrostenedione", "C[C@]12CC[C@H]3[C@H]([C@@H]1CCC2=O)CCC4=CC(=O)CC[C@H]34", ["19-Norandrostenedione is a 3-oxo steroid.", "19-Norandrostenedione refers to two steroid isomers that were once marketed as dietary supplements and mainly used by body builders. After 2005, 19-Norandrostenedione was regulated in the United States as a schedule III controlled substance, as well as banned from use in competitive sports by the World Anti-Doping Agency.    In the body 19-norandrostenedione is rapidly metabolized into [nandrolone], also known as nortestosterone."]], ["Dextromoramide", "C[C@H](CN1CCOCC1)C(C2=CC=CC=C2)(C3=CC=CC=C3)C(=O)N4CCCC4", ["Dextromoramide is an N-acylpyrrolidine arising by formal condensation of pyrrolidine with (3S)-3-methyl-4-(morpholin-4-yl)-2,2-diphenylbutanoic acid. An opioid analgesic that is structurally related to methadone, it is more poweful than morphine but shorter acting. It has been used (particularly as the hydrogen tartrate salt) for the treatment of severe pain, but was discontinued in the UK in 2004. It has a role as an opioid analgesic. It is a member of morpholines and a N-acylpyrrolidine.", "An opioid analgesic structurally related to methadone and used in the treatment of severe pain. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1070)", "An opioid analgesic structurally related to METHADONE and used in the treatment of severe pain. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1070)"]], ["Prednisolone tebutate", "C[C@]12C[C@@H]([C@H]3[C@H]([C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(C(=O)COC(=O)CC(C)(C)C)O)CCC4=CC(=O)C=C[C@]34C)O", ["Prednisolone tebutate is a corticosteroid hormone."]], ["Fosfomycin calcium", "C[C@H]1[C@H](O1)P(=O)([O-])[O-].[Ca+2]", ["Fosfomycin calcium is an organic molecular entity."]], ["3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)-2-methyl-6-methylaminohexane-3-carbonitrile", "CC(C)C(CCCNC)(C#N)C1=CC(=C(C=C1)OC)OC", ["D617 is a nitrile that is pentanenitrile substituted by a 3,4-dimethoxyphenyl group at position 2, a methylamino group at position 4 and an isopropyl group at position 2. It is a metabolite of the drug verapamil. It has a role as a marine xenobiotic metabolite and a drug metabolite. It is a dimethoxybenzene, a nitrile and a secondary amino compound."]], ["Carbenicillin indanyl", "CC1([C@@H](N2[C@H](S1)[C@@H](C2=O)NC(=O)C(C3=CC=CC=C3)C(=O)OC4=CC5=C(CCC5)C=C4)C(=O)O)C", ["Carindacillin is a penicillin. It is a conjugate acid of a carindacillin(1-).", "Carindacillin or Carbenicillin isdanyl was an oral penicillin prodrug of [carbenicillin] marketed by Pfizer as Geocillin. It is no longer marketed in the United States.", "Carbenicillin Indanyl is the indanyl ester of carbenicillin, a broad-spectrum, semisynthetic penicillin derivative with antibacterial activity. Following absorption, carbenicillin indanyl is rapidly hydrolyzed to the active carbenicillin, which binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall, thereby preventing the cross-linkage of peptidoglycans, which are critical components of the bacterial cell wall. This leads to a weakening of the bacterial cell wall, eventually causing bacterial cell lysis."]], ["Naugard XL-1", "CC(C)(C)C1=CC(=CC(=C1O)C(C)(C)C)CCC(=O)OCCNC(=O)C(=O)NCCOC(=O)CCC2=CC(=C(C(=C2)C(C)(C)C)O)C(C)(C)C", ["Antioxidant is a group of organic or inorganic substances capable of preventing the genotoxic and carcinogenic effects of free-radical compounds.  Antioxidants bind to and neutralize ('scavenge') free radicals, thereby transforming them into non-toxic compounds and blocking their genotoxic and carcinogenic effects.  This class of agents includes the vitamins C and E, the carotenoids, and selenium.  Organic antioxidants are found in high concentrations in fruits, seeds and vegetables. (NCI04)"]], ["Levcromakalim", "CC1([C@H]([C@@H](C2=C(O1)C=CC(=C2)C#N)N3CCCC3=O)O)C", ["Levcromakalim is a 1-benzopyran.", "A potassium-channel opening vasodilator that has been investigated in the management of hypertension. It has also been tried in patients with asthma. (Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p352)"]], ["11beta-Hydroxyandrostenedione", "C[C@]12CCC(=O)C=C1CC[C@@H]3[C@@H]2[C@H](C[C@]4([C@H]3CCC4=O)C)O", ["11beta-hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione is an 11beta-hydroxy steroid, a 3-oxo steroid, a 17-oxo steroid and an androstanoid. It has a role as a human metabolite and a mouse metabolite.", "11beta-Hydroxyandrostenedione is a natural product found in Homo sapiens with data available."]], ["1,2-Distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC", ["1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is a phosphatidylcholine 36:0 in which both phosphatidyl acyl groups are specified as stearoyl (octadecanoyl). It is functionally related to an octadecanoic acid.", "PC(18:0/18:0) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["Cadmium mercury telluride", "[Cd].[Te]=[Hg]", ["Mercury cadmium telluride is an alloy of mercury telluride and cadmium telluride. It is an important semiconductor and also used in infrared detection. Mercury is a heavy, silvery d-block metal and one of six elements that are liquid at or near room temperature and pressure. It is a naturally occuring substance, and combines with other elements such as chlorine, sulfur, or oxygen to form inorganic mercury compounds (salts). Mercury also combines with carbon to make organic mercury compounds. (L1, L433)"]], ["Hexyl laurate", "CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCCCCCC", ["Hexyl dodecanoate is a fatty acid ester."]], ["Etafedrine", "CCN(C)[C@@H](C)[C@@H](C1=CC=CC=C1)O", ["Etafedrine (INN) or ethylephedrine is a long-acting bronchodilator and has been an ingredient combined with other drugs in the brand names Nethaprin and Dalmacol. It was previously available as both the free base and as the hydrochloride salt manufactured by Sanofi-Aventis (now Sanofi) has been discontinued.  Ethylephedrine is be formed by alkylating ephedrine with ethyl iodide. The hydrochloride is be prepared by passing hydrogen chloride through a solution of ethylephedrine in diethyl ether.  This belongs to the family of medications called decongestants. It acts by narrowing blood vessels in the nasal passages, helping to relieve nasal congestion."]], ["Arsacetin", "CC(=O)NC1=CC=C(C=C1)[As](=O)(O)O", ["Barium ferrate is a chemical compound of barium and iron. Barium is a metallic alkaline earth metal with the symbol Ba, and atomic number 56. It never occurs in nature in its pure form due to its reactivity with air, but combines with other chemicals such as sulfur or carbon and oxygen to form barium compounds that may be found as minerals. (L214, 408)"]], ["3-Phenanthrol", "C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C=CC3=C2C=C(C=C3)O", ["3-phenanthrol is a phenanthrol."]], ["1-Benzyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline", "C1CNC(C2=CC=CC=C21)CC3=CC=CC=C3", ["(RS)-1-benzyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline is a benzyltetrahydroisoquinoline. It is a conjugate base of a 1-benzyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-2-ium."]], ["1-Hydroxyphenanthrene", "C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C=CC3=C2C=CC=C3O", ["1-phenanthrol is a phenanthrol. It has a role as a mouse metabolite."]], ["Trimeperidine", "CCC(=O)OC1(CC(N(CC1C)C)C)C2=CC=CC=C2", ["A narcotic analgesic similar to MEPERIDINE; it exists in four stereoisomers, two of which, the beta (isopromedol) and the gamma (trimeperidine) are active."]], ["4-Chlorodehydromethyltestosterone", "C[C@]12CC[C@H]3[C@H]([C@@H]1CC[C@]2(C)O)CCC4=C(C(=O)C=C[C@]34C)Cl", ["4-Chloromethandienone is a 3-hydroxy steroid. It has a role as an androgen."]], ["N-(2-Aminoethyl)-1-aziridineethanamine", "C1CN1CCNCCN", ["N-(2-aminoethyl)-1-aziridine-ethanamine is a primary amino compound that is ethane-1,2-diamine in which the hydrogen on one of the amino groups is replaced by a 2-(aziridin-1-yl)ethyl group. It is a angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) inhibitor and a potential therapeutic agent for treating SARS coronavirus infections. It has a role as an EC 3.4.17.23 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2) inhibitor and an anticoronaviral agent. It is a member of aziridines, a secondary amino compound and a primary amino compound. It is functionally related to a diethylenetriamine.", "First described in the literature in 2004, N-(2-Aminoethyl)-1-aziridineethanamine is an experimental angiotensin converting enzyme 2 inhibitor investigated for its use in treating cardiovascular disease and its activity against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)."]], ["Isosteviol", "C[C@]12CC[C@H]3[C@@]4(CCC[C@@]([C@H]4CC[C@@]3(C1)CC2=O)(C)C(=O)O)C", ["Isosteviol is a diterpenoid.", "Isosteviol is a natural product found in Ceriops decandra with data available."]], ["5-[(2S)-2-hydroxy-2-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)ethyl]-2-methoxyphenol", "COC1=C(C=C(C=C1)C[C@@H](C2=CC(=C(C(=C2)OC)OC)OC)O)O", ["CA4P (Combretastatin)has been shown in the laboratory to shut down the blood supply to tumours. It is one of the first vascular targeting drugs to be tested in patients. This drug was originally isolated from the African Bush Willow. The first studies in patients with this drug were aimed at finding out whether it can be safely given to patients, what side effects it produces and whether it can actually shut down the blood supply to human tumours.", "5-[(2S)-2-hydroxy-2-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)ethyl]-2-methoxyphenol is a natural product found in Combretum caffrum and Combretum erythrophyllum with data available."]], ["Tocladesine", "C1[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O2)N3C4=NC=NC(=C4N=C3Cl)N)O)OP(=O)(O1)O", ["Tocladesine has been used in trials studying the treatment of Colorectal Cancer and Multiple Myeloma and Plasma Cell Neoplasm.", "Tocladesine is an antimetabolite and a chlorine derivative of the intracellular secondary messenger, cyclic adenosine 3,5-monophosphate (cAMP), with potential antineoplastic activity. Tocladesine appears to be converted to 8-chloro-adenosine by phosphodiesterases and subsequently phosphorylated to 8-chloro-ATP, which functions as a purine analogue and competes with ATP in transcription. In addition, generation of 8-chloro-ATP depletes endogenous ATP pool that is essential for many biological reactions in intracellular energy transfer. As a result, this agent causes RNA synthesis inhibition, blocks cellular proliferation, and induces apoptosis."]], ["Palifosfamide", "C(CCl)NP(=O)(NCCCl)O", ["Isophosphamide mustard is a phosphorodiamide.", "Palifosfamide (ZIO-201) is a proprietary stabilized metabolite of ifosfamide. Ifosfamide has been shown to be effective in high doses in treating testicular cancer, sarcoma and lymphoma.", "Palifosfamide is a synthetic mustard compound with potential antineoplastic activity. An active metabolite of ifosfamide covalently linked to the amino acid lysine for stability, palifosfamide irreversibly alkylates and cross-links DNA through GC base pairs, resulting in irreparable 7-atom inter-strand cross-links; inhibition of DNA replication and cell death follow. Unlike ifosfamide, this agent is not metabolized to acrolein or chloroacetaldehyde, metabolites associated with bladder and CNS toxicities. In addition, because palifosfamide does not require activation by aldehyde dehydrogenase, it may overcome the tumor resistance seen with ifosfamide."]], ["Sarmustine", "CN(CC(=O)N)C(=O)N(CCCl)N=O", ["2-chloroethyl-3-sarcosinamide-1-nitrosourea has been used in trials studying the treatment of Colorectal Cancer, Brain and Central Nervous System Tumors, and Unspecified Adult Solid Tumor, Protocol Specific.", "SarCNU is an alkylating chloroethylnitrosourea with antineoplastic activity.  Selectively accumulating in some tumor cells, SarCNU forms covalent linkages with nucleophilic centers in DNA, causing depurination, base pair miscoding, strand scission, and DNA-DNA cross-linking, which may result in cytotoxicity. (NCI04)"]], ["Becatecarin", "CCN(CC)CCN1C(=O)C2=C3C4=C(C(=CC=C4)Cl)NC3=C5C(=C2C1=O)C6=C(N5[C@H]7[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O7)CO)OC)O)O)C(=CC=C6)Cl", ["Becatecarin is a derivative of [rebeccamycin]."]], ["Primisulfuron-methyl", "COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)NC(=O)NC2=NC(=CC(=N2)OC(F)F)OC(F)F", ["Primisulfuron-methyl is a urea herbicide that is used on crop and non- crop areas for the control of grass weeds and many kinds of broad-leaved weeds. The compound is a selective postemergence systemic herbicide that is rapidly absorbed by plants and transported throughout the plant roots and foliage. The herbicide works by blocking cell growth in the active growing regions of the plant. The herbicide also acts to inhibit photosynthesis"]], ["Hexocyclium metilsulfate", "C[N+]1(CCN(CC1)CC(C2CCCCC2)(C3=CC=CC=C3)O)C.COS(=O)(=O)[O-]", ["Hexocyclium methyl sulfate is a member of phenylethanolamines, an ethanolamine sulfate salt and a piperazinium salt."]], ["Cycrimine hydrochloride", "C1CCN(CC1)CCC(C2CCCC2)(C3=CC=CC=C3)O.Cl", ["Cycrimine hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt of cycrimine. A central anticholinergic, it is used as its hydrochloride salt in the management and treatment of Parkinson's disease. It has a role as a muscarinic antagonist and an antiparkinson drug. It contains a cycrimine."]], ["Lobeline", "CN1[C@@H](CCC[C@@H]1CC(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2)C[C@@H](C3=CC=CC=C3)O", ["(-)-lobeline is an optically active piperidine alkaloid having a 2-oxo-2-phenylethyl substituent at the 2-position and a 2-hydroxy-2-phenylethyl group at the 6-position. It has a role as a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist. It is a piperidine alkaloid, a tertiary amine and an aromatic ketone.", "Lobeline is a natural product found in Lobelia sessilifolia, Lobelia inflata, and other organisms with data available.", "An alkaloid that has actions similar to NICOTINE on nicotinic cholinergic receptors but is less potent. It has been proposed for a variety of therapeutic uses including in respiratory disorders, peripheral vascular disorders, insomnia, and smoking cessation."]], ["Methoxyhydroxymercuripropylsuccinylurea", "COC(CNC(=O)NC(=O)CCC(=O)O)C[Hg].O", ["Meralluride is an organomercuric compound. It is used as a diuretic. Mercury is a heavy, silvery d-block metal and one of six elements that are liquid at or near room temperature and pressure. It is a naturally occuring substance, and combines with other elements such as chlorine, sulfur, or oxygen to form inorganic mercury compounds (salts). Mercury also combines with carbon to make organic mercury compounds. (L1, L263)"]], ["D-Citronellol", "C[C@H](CCC=C(C)C)CCO", ["(R)-(+)-citronellol is a citronellol that is oct-6-ene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1 and methyl groups at positions 3 and 7 (the 3R-enantiomer). It is an enantiomer of a (S)-(-)-citronellol.", "D-Citronellol is a natural product found in Azadirachta indica, Saxifraga stolonifera, and other organisms with data available."]], ["Bolasterone", "C[C@@H]1CC2=CC(=O)CC[C@@]2([C@@H]3[C@@H]1[C@@H]4CC[C@]([C@]4(CC3)C)(C)O)C", ["Bolasterone is a 3-hydroxy steroid. It has a role as an androgen."]], ["3-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)-3-hydroxypropanoic acid", "C1=CC(=CC(=C1)O)C(CC(=O)O)O", ["3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-3-hydroxypropanoic acid is a dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is 3-hydroxypropanoic acid substituted by a 3-hydroxyphenyl group at position 3. It has a role as a human urinary metabolite. It is a member of phenols and a dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid. It is functionally related to a 3-hydroxypropionic acid.", "3-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)-3-hydroxypropanoic acid is a natural product found in Homo sapiens with data available.", "(3-Hydroxyphenyl)hydracrylate (HPHPA) is an organic acid detected in human urine. It is thought that the presence of this acid is from nutritional sources (i.e. dietary phenylalanine). However, there has been a considerable degree of ambiguity in the origin and/or significance of this compound (A15196). Recently it has been reported that HPHPA is actually an abnormal phenylalanine metabolite arising from bacterial metabolism in the gastrointestinal tract. Specifically HPHPA appears to arise from the action of the anaerobic bacteria Clostrida sp. (A15197). Elevated levels of HPHPA have been reported in the urine of children with autism as well as in adult patients with schizophrenia. It has been proposed that HPHPA may be a bacterial metabolite of m-tyrosine, a tyrosine analog that causes symptoms of autism in experimental animals."]], ["Cobalt(2+)", "[Co+2]", ["Cobalt(2+) is a divalent metal cation, a cobalt cation and a monoatomic dication. It has a role as a cofactor.", "Cobalt has a molecular weight of 58.9 and an atomic number of 27. In the Periodic Table, close to other transition metals, it is situated in group 8, together with rhodium and iridium and it can occur in four oxidation states (0, +2, +3 and +4). The +2 and the ground state are the most common. Cobalt occurs in the minerals cobaltite (Co, Fe) AsS, smaltite (CoAs2), and erythrite Co3(AsO4)2.8H2O, and is often associated with nickel, silver, lead, copper, and iron ores, from which it is most frequently obtained as a by-product. Depending on the considered species, cobalt has multiple industrial applications including the production of alloys and hard metal, diamond polishing, drying agents, pigments and catalysts. Hard metal or cemented carbide is a powder metallurgical product consisting of hard, wear-resistant carbide particles bound together (cemented) with a ductile metal binder (i.e. metallic Co) by liquid phase sintering. Tungsten carbide (WC) is produced by mixing tungsten powder with pure carbon powder at high temperature; hereafter WC is mixed with Co powder to which paraffin is added as a binder. Depending on specific requirements related to their use, hard metals might additionally contain small quantities of chromium, niobium, molybdenum, titanium, tantalum or vanadium carbides. Inhalation and skin contact are the main occupational exposure routes. Occupational exposure to cobalt may result in adverse health effects in different organs or tissues, including the respiratory tract, the skin, the hemapoietic tissues, the myocardium or the thyroid gland. In addition, teratogenic and carcinogenic effects have been observed in experimental systems and/or in humans. For the general population, the diet constitutes the main route of exposure to cobalt, since it is an essential component of Vitamin B12 (hydroxycolalamin). Cobalt functions as a co-factor in enzyme catalysed reactions and is involved in the production of erythropoietin, a hormone that stimulates the formation of erythrocytes. This last property of cobalt was applied in the past as a therapy for anaemia. The carcinogenic potential of cobalt and its compounds was evaluated in 1991 by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), which concluded that there was inadequate evidence for carcinogenicity in humans (lung cancer) but sufficient evidence in experimental animal studies. In most experimental studies considered, the routes of exposure were, however, of questionable relevance for cancer risk assessment in humans for example, local sarcomas after intra-muscular injection. The general conclusion was that cobalt and its compounds are possibly carcinogenic to humans (group 2B). Since this evaluation, additional data have been accumulated which generally indicate that, depending on the considered cobalt species, different outcomes regarding toxicity, mutagenicity and carcinogenicity can be observed. Physiologically, it exists as an ion in the body. Co(II) ions are genotoxic in vitro and in vivo, and carcinogenic in rodents. Co metal is genotoxic in vitro. Hard metal dust, of which occupational exposure is linked to an increased lung cancer risk, is proven to be genotoxic in vitro and in vivo. Possibly, production of active oxygen species and/or DNA repair inhibition are mechanisms involved. Given the recently provided proof for in vitro and in vivo genotoxic potential of hard metal dust, the mechanistic evidence of elevated production of active oxygen species and the epidemiological data on increased cancer risk, it may be advisable to consider the possibility of a new evaluation by IARC.(A7687)."]], ["Arsenic(3+)", "[As+3]", ["Arsenic(3+) is a monoatomic arsenic.", "Arsenic(As) is a ubiquitous metalloid found in several forms in food and the environment, such as the soil, air and water. Physiologically, it exists as an ion in the body. The predominant form is inorganic arsenic in drinking water, which is both highly toxic and carcinogenic and rapidly bioavailable. Arsenic is currently one of the most important environmental global contaminants and toxicants, particularly in the developing countries. For decades, very large populations have been and are currently still exposed to inorganic Arsenic through geogenically contaminated drinking water. An increased incidence of disease mediated by this toxicant is the consequence of long-term exposure. In human's chronic ingestion of inorganic arsenic (> 500 mg/L As) has been associated with cardiovascular, nervous, hepatic and renal diseases and diabetes mellitus as well as cancer of the skin, bladder, lung, liver and prostate. Contrary to the earlier view that methylated compounds are innocuous, the methylated metabolites are now recognized to be both toxic and carcinogenic, possibly due to genotoxicity, inhibition of antioxidative enzyme functions, or other mechanisms. Arsenic inhibits indirectly sulfhydryl containing enzymes and interferes with cellular metabolism. Effects involve such phenomena as cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and inhibition of enzymes with antioxidant function. These are all related to nutritional factors directly or indirectly. Nutritional studies both in experimental and epidemiological studies provide convincing evidence that nutritional intervention, including chemoprevention, offers a pragmatic approach to mitigate the health effects of arsenic exposure, particularly cancer, in the relatively resource-poor developing countries. Nutritional intervention, especially with micronutrients, many of which are antioxidants and share the same pathway with Arsenic , appears a host defence against the health effects of arsenic contamination in developing countries and should be embraced as it is pragmatic and inexpensive. (A7664, A7665)."]], ["Propionate", "CCC(=O)[O-]", ["Propionate is the conjugate base of propionic acid; a key precursor in lipid biosynthesis. It has a role as a human metabolite. It is a conjugate base of a propionic acid.", "Derivatives of propionic acid. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain the carboxyethane structure."]], ["Mafosfamide", "C1COP(=O)(NC1SCCS(=O)(=O)O)N(CCCl)CCCl", ["Mafosfamide is a synthetic oxazaphosphorine derivative with antineoplastic properties.  Mafosfamide alkylates DNA, forming DNA cross-links and inhibiting DNA synthesis.  Although closely related to cyclophosphamide, mafosfamide, unlike cyclophosphamide, does not require hepatic activation to generate its active metabolite 4-hydroxy-cyclophosphamide; accordingly, mafosfamide is potentially useful in the intrathecal treatment of neoplastic meningitis. (NCI04)"]], ["Tegafur-Uracil", "C1CC(OC1)N2C=C(C(=O)NC2=O)F.C1=CNC(=O)NC1=O", ["Tegafur-uracil is an anti-tumor compound containing tegafur (1-(2-tetrahydrofuryl)-5-fluorouracil) and uracil in a molar ratio of 1:4. It was developed as an anti-cancer therapy by Taiho Pharmaceutical Co Ltd. It is approved in different countries but it is not yet approved by the FDA, Health Canada or EMA.", "Tegafur-Uracil is a formulated therapeutic oral agent consisting of a combination of the 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) congener prodrug tegafur (tetrahydrofuranyl-5-fluorouracil) and uracil (1:4). The high concentration of uracil reversibly inhibits the uracil-reducing enzyme dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), thereby inhibiting first-pass DPD-mediated hepatic metabolism of the uracil analogue 5-FU and permitting administration of 5-FU as the orally bioavailable prodrug tegafur. Tegafur is bioactivated to 5-FU by liver microsomal cytochrome P450 enzymes. 5-FU is subsequently converted into its active metabolites 5-fluoro-deoxyuridine-monophosphate (FdUMP) and 5-fluorouridine-triphosphate (FUTP) intracellularly; these metabolites inhibit the enzyme thymidylate synthase and intercalate into RNA, resulting in decreased thymidine synthesis, reduced DNA synthesis, disrupted RNA function, and tumor cell cytotoxicity.", "Congener of FLUOROURACIL with comparable antineoplastic action. It has been suggested especially for the treatment of breast neoplasms."]], ["Silver cation", "[Ag+]", ["Silver(1+) is a silver cation, a monovalent inorganic cation, a monoatomic monocation and an elemental silver.", "Silver is widely distributed in the earth's crust and is found in soil, fresh and sea water, and the air. It is readily absorbed into the human body with food and drink and through inhalation, but the low levels of silver commonly present in the bloodstream (< 2.3 b.mu g/L) and in key tissues like liver and kidney have not been associated with any disease or disability. Silver is not an acknowledged trace element in the human body and fulfills no physiological or biochemical role in any tissue even though it interacts with several essential elements including zinc and calcium. Physiologically, it exists as an ion in the body. Silver has a long history in the treatment of human diseases, including epilepsy, neonatal eye disease, venereal diseases, and wound infections. It has been employed in water purification and is currently used to safeguard hospital hot water systems against Legionella infections. Principle routes of human exposure to silver nowadays are through its widespread use as an antimicrobial agent in wound care products and medical devices, including in-dwelling catheters, bone cements, cardiac valves and prostheses, orthopedic pins, and dental devices. In each case, the antimicrobial properties of silver are dependent upon release of biologically active silver ion (Ag*) from metallic silver (including nanocrystalline forms), silver nitrate, silver sulfadiazine, and other silver compounds incorporated in the various devices, and its lethal effect on pathogenic organisms. Experience has shown that a large proportion of the silver ion released from medical devices not required for antimicrobial action is disseminated into tissue fluids and exudates, where it combines with albumins and macroglobulins. These silver-protein complexes are absorbed into the systemic circulation to be deposited in key soft tissues, including the skin, liver, kidney, spleen, lungs, and brain. As a xenobiotic material, silver must be presumed to present a health risk to exposed persons under some circumstances. Unlike the well-documented neurotoxic metals including lead and mercury, silver does not appear to be a cumulative poison and is eliminated from the body through the urine and feces. Excretion of silver by these routes may be a measure of mean daily intake, but since this view is based largely on the clinical use of silver nitrate and silver sulfadiazine used in burn wound therapy, its true relevance in the metabolism of silver used in the wider context of medical devices is questionable. Argyria is the most widely publicized clinical condition associated with silver accumulation in blood and soft tissues. It commonly occurs in individuals exposed to high levels of silver occupationally (metallurgy, photography, and mining industries), or consuming or inhaling silver hygiene products (including colloidal silver products) for long periods. Silver is absorbed into the body and deposited in the perivascular regions of the skin and other soft tissues as black granules of silver sulfide or silver selenide. The resulting slate grey discoloration of the skin occasionally associated with melanogenic changes, is semipermanent and cosmetically undesirable but is not known to be life-threatening. (A7730)."]], ["Yttrium-90", "[90Y]", ["Yttrium 90 has been investigated for the treatment of Colon Cancer and Colorectal Cancer.", "Yttrium Y-90 is radioactive isotope of yttrium.  A beta/gamma-emitter with a half life of 2.7 days."]], ["Butyrate", "CCCC(=O)[O-]", ["Butyrate is a short-chain fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of butyric acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group. It has a role as an EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor, a metabolite and a human metabolite. It is a conjugate base of a butyric acid.", "Derivatives of BUTYRIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain the carboxypropane structure."]], ["Strontium ion", "[Sr+2]", ["Strontium(2+) is a strontium cation, a divalent metal cation and a monoatomic dication. It has a role as a cofactor."]], ["Barium ion", "[Ba+2]", ["Barium(2+) is a barium cation, a divalent metal cation and a monoatomic dication. It has a role as a cofactor.", "Barium is a dense alkaline earth metal that occurs in nature as a divalent cation in combination with other elements. Physiologically, it exists as an ion in the body. In addition to its natural presence in the Earth's crust, and therefore its natural occurrence in most surface waters, barium is also released to the environment via industrial emissions. The residence time of barium in the atmosphere may be up to several days. Barium sulfate exists as a white orthorhombic powder or crystals. Barite, the mineral from which barium sulfate is produced, is a moderately soft crystalline white opaque to transparent mineral. The most important impurities are iron(III) oxide, aluminium oxide, silica, and strontium sulfate.Barium sulfate has a low toxicity and relatively high density of about 4.5 g*cm-3 (and thus opacity to X-rays). For this reason it is used as a radiocontrast agent in X-ray imaging of the digestive system (barium meals and barium enemas). Lithopone, a pigment that contains barium sulfate and zinc sulfide, is a permanent white that has good covering power, and does not darken when exposed to sulfides. (Wikipedia). Barium hydroxide is strongly alkaline and therefore corrosive. Barium nitrate caused mild skin irritation and severe eye irritation in rabbits. The lack of reports of skin or eye irritation in humans, despite its widespread use, suggests that barium sulfate, often used as a contrast medium, is not a strong irritant. Useful information on the sensitization potential of barium compounds was not identified. Oral intake from drinking water and food is the most prevalent route of exposure to barium compounds for the general population. For the occupational environment, data from industry in the United Kingdom and predictions made using the Estimation and Assessment of Substance Exposure (EASE) model suggest that exposures can be controlled to less than 10 mg/m3 8 hours time weighted average (total inhalable dust). In some situations, control will be to levels significantly below this value. Short term exposures may be higher than 10 mg/m3 for some tasks.The critical end points in humans for toxicity resulting from exposure to barium and barium compounds appear to be hypertension and renal function. Using a no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) in humans of 0.21 mg barium/kg body weight per day, a tolerable intake value of 0.02 mg/kg body weight per day for barium and barium compounds has been developed in this document.Dissolved barium in aquatic environments may represent a risk to aquatic organisms such as daphnids, but it is apparently of lesser risk to fish and aquatic plants, although data are limited. No adverse effects have been reported in ecological assessments of terrestrial plants or wildlife, although some plants are known to bioaccumulate barium from the soil.(Concise international chemical assessment document 33; http://www.inchem.org/documents/cicads/cicads/cicad33.htm)."]], ["Cuprous ion", "[Cu+]", ["Copper(1+) is a copper cation and a monoatomic monocation. It has a role as a cofactor.", "Cu(+) is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).", "Antihemophilic Factor, Human Recombinant is the recombinant form of human antihemophilic factor (AH)) (Factor VIII) with coagulation promoting activity. Antihemophilic factor binds to factor IXa in the coagulation cascade along with calcium and phospholipid. This complex converts factor X to the activated form, factor Xa. In turn, factor Xa/Va complex activates thrombin, which cleaves fibrinogen into fibrin, eventually resulting in blood clot formation."]], ["(5-Hydroxy-4,6-dimethylpyridin-3-yl)methyl phosphate", "CC1=C(C(=NC=C1COP(=O)([O-])[O-])C)O", ["VITAMIN B 6 refers to several PICOLINES (especially PYRIDOXINE; PYRIDOXAL; and PYRIDOXAMINE) that are efficiently converted by the body to PYRIDOXAL PHOSPHATE which is a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, and aminolevulinic acid. During transamination of amino acids, pyridoxal phosphate is transiently converted into PYRIDOXAMINE phosphate. Although pyridoxine and Vitamin B 6 are still frequently used as synonyms, especially by medical researchers, this practice is erroneous and sometimes misleading (EE Snell; Ann NY Acad Sci, vol 585 pg 1, 1990). Most of vitamin B6 is eventually degraded to PYRIDOXIC ACID and excreted in the urine."]], ["Methylene Blue trihydrate", "CN(C)C1=CC2=C(C=C1)N=C3C=CC(=[N+](C)C)C=C3S2.O.O.O.[Cl-]", ["Methylene blue trihydrate appears as odorless or almost odorless dark green crystals with bronze luster or dark green crystalline powder. pH (1% solution in water) 3 to 4.5. (NTP, 1992)", "Methylene Blue is a synthetic basic dye. Methylene blue stains to negatively charged cell components like nucleic acids; when administered in the lymphatic bed of a tumor during oncologic surgery, methylene blue may stain lymph nodes draining from the tumor, thereby aiding in the visual localization of tumor sentinel lymph nodes. When administered intravenously in low doses, this agent may convert methemoglobin to hemoglobin.", "A compound consisting of dark green crystals or crystalline powder, having a bronze-like luster. Solutions in water or alcohol have a deep blue color. Methylene blue is used as a bacteriologic stain and as an indicator. It inhibits GUANYLATE CYCLASE, and has been used to treat cyanide poisoning and to lower levels of METHEMOGLOBIN."]], ["Imipenem", "C[C@H]([C@@H]1[C@H]2CC(=C(N2C1=O)C(=O)O)SCCN=CN)O", ["Imipenem is a broad-spectrum, intravenous beta-lactam antibiotic of the carbapenem subgroup. It has a role as an antibacterial drug. It is a beta-lactam antibiotic allergen and a member of carbapenems. It is a tautomer of an imipenem zwitterion.", "Imipenem is a semisynthetic thienamycin that has a wide spectrum of antibacterial activity against gram-negative and gram-positive aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, including many multiresistant strains. It is stable to many beta-lactamases. Similar compounds include [meropenem], known for having greater activity against Gram negative bacteria, and the newer [ertapenem] which exhibits a longer half-life due to increased binding to plasma proteins. Imipenem is commonly used in combination with [cilastatin] and is now available in a triple-drug product with cilastatin and [relebactam] which was recently approved by the FDA. Imipenem was first approved by the FDA in November 1985 as the combination product Primaxin marketed by Merck & Co.", "Imipenem anhydrous is a Penem Antibacterial.", "Semisynthetic thienamycin that has a wide spectrum of antibacterial activity against gram-negative and gram-positive aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, including many multiresistant strains. It is stable to beta-lactamases. Clinical studies have demonstrated high efficacy in the treatment of infections of various body systems. Its effectiveness is enhanced when it is administered in combination with cilastatin, a renal dipeptidase inhibitor. ", "Semisynthetic thienamycin that has a wide spectrum of antibacterial activity against gram-negative and gram-positive aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, including many multiresistant strains. It is stable to beta-lactamases. Clinical studies have demonstrated high efficacy in the treatment of infections of various body systems. Its effectiveness is enhanced when it is administered in combination with CILASTATIN, a renal dipeptidase inhibitor."]], ["Androsta-1,4,6-triene-3,17-dione", "C[C@]12CC[C@H]3[C@H]([C@@H]1CCC2=O)C=CC4=CC(=O)C=C[C@]34C", ["Androsta-1,4,6-triene-3,17-dione is an androstanoid that is androsta-1,4,6-triene substituted by oxo groups at positions 3 and 17. It has a role as an EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor and a human xenobiotic metabolite. It is a 17-oxo steroid, an androstanoid and a 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid."]], ["3-Hydroxypregnan-20-one", "CC(=O)[C@H]1CC[C@@H]2[C@@]1(CC[C@H]3[C@H]2CCC4[C@@]3(CCC(C4)O)C)C", ["3-hydroxypregnan-20-one is a C21-steroid that is pregnane substituted by an oxo group at position 20 and a hydroxy group at position 3. It is a 20-oxo steroid, a 3-hydroxy steroid and a C21-steroid. It derives from a hydride of a pregnane.", "A pregnane found in the urine of pregnant women and sows. It has anesthetic, hypnotic, and sedative properties."]], ["Antimony(3+)", "[Sb+3]", ["Antimony(3+) is a monoatomic trication and an elemental antimony.", "Antimony metal and many of its compounds have been known since ancient times, and its toxicity has periodically been a matter of comment. Antimony (stibium) is an element and a metalloid, with atomic number 51 and atomic weight 121.75. It is in Group Va of the Periodic Table along with arsenic, bismuth, nitrogen and phosphorus. Contact with antimony occurs in a variety of ways, and as it is a common element in the surface of the earth it may accompany exposures to many different materials. Antimony has been identified in at least 114 different ores, and has even been found in meteorites. A recurrent problem in assessing its toxicity industrially is that arsenic and lead are often found with it, and other toxic materials, for example sulfur dioxide, may also be produced in the course of the process, and separation of exposures may be difficult or impossible. Contact with antimony has also occurred from is use as a medicinal substance, from natural exposures, and from domestic sources. Antimony has been a constituent not only of printing-metal but also of lead acid batteries, pigments, an opacifier under glazes and enamels (the white oxide), and in the present day it has been used widely as a flame retardant in fabrics and in brake linings of motor cars. Large scale industrial production, largely of antimony oxide, began in the early 19th century. Physiologically, this metal/element exists as an ion in the body. The toxicology of antimony and its compounds is known from three sources: its medicinal use over centuries, studies of process workers in more recent times, and more recent still, studies of its presence in modern city environments and in domestic environments. Gross exposure to antimony compounds over long periods, usually the sulfide (SbS3) or the oxide (Sb2O3) has occurred in antimony miners and in antimony process workers. There have been relatively few of these, and few studies of possible symptoms have been made. Antimony sulfide imported from, at different times, China, South Africa, and South America was processed in the North-East of England from about 1870 to 2003. The process workers in North-East England have been studied at different times, notably by Sir Thomas Oliver in 1933, and by the Newcastle upon Tyne University Department of Occupational Medicine on later occasions. Studies which have been made of the working environment, and in particular of the risk of lung cancer in process workers, have underlined the high levels of exposure to antimony compounds and to other toxic materials. However, the working conditions in antimony processing have improved markedly over the last 30 years, and the workforce had been much reduced in numbers following automation of the process. Prior to the cessation of the industry in the UK it had become a white coat operation with relatively few people exposed to high concentrations of antimony. Antimony, which is normally present in domestic environments, has also been studied as a possible cause of cot death syndrome (SIDS) but extensive investigations have not confirmed this. The full importance of environmental antimony has still to be determined, and evidence of specific effects has not yet been presented. (A7731)."]], ["Tirilazad", "C[C@@H]1C[C@H]2[C@@H]3CCC4=CC(=O)C=C[C@@]4(C3=CC[C@@]2([C@H]1C(=O)CN5CCN(CC5)C6=NC(=NC(=C6)N7CCCC7)N8CCCC8)C)C", ["Tirilazad is a corticosteroid hormone.", "Tirilazad has been used in trials studying the treatment of Spinal Cord Injury."]], ["Lactose monohydrate", "C([C@@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O1)O[C@@H]2[C@H](O[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]2O)O)O)CO)O)O)O)O.O", ["Alpha-lactose monohydrate is a glycoside."]], ["Cesium ion", "[Cs+]", ["Caesium(1+) is a caesium ion, a monovalent inorganic cation, a monoatomic monocation and an alkali metal cation."]], ["Molybdenum-99", "[99Mo]", ["Molybdenum Mo-99 is a transition element molecular entity."]], ["Pimonidazole hydrochloride", "C1CCN(CC1)CC(CN2C=CN=C2[N+](=O)[O-])O.Cl", ["Pimonidazole Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of pimonidazole, a hypoxia-selective 2-nitroimidazole with potential radiosensitizing activity. Pimonidazole is reduced in hypoxic environments such as those found in tumors. In hypoxic cells and tumors, reduced pimonidazole binds to thiol-containing proteins and glutathione. The resulting complexes accumulate in hypoxic tumors, deplete radioprotective thiol compounds, and cause the tumor to be more susceptible to radiation treatment."]], ["Potassium triiodide", "[K+].I[I-]I", ["Iodine aqueous is an organic molecular entity."]], ["Pyridinoline", "C1=C(C(=C(C=[N+]1C[C@@H](CC[C@@H](C(=O)[O-])N)O)O)C[C@@H](C(=O)O)N)CC[C@@H](C(=O)O)N", ["Pyridinoline is an organooxygen compound and an organonitrogen compound. It is functionally related to an alpha-amino acid.", "Pyridinoline is a non-reducible crosslinker for collagen. This compound is fluorescent and is found in mature bone and cartilage collagens. Pyridinoline found in the blood can be an indicator of bone degradation."]], ["Gadobenate dimeglumine", "C1=CC=C(C=C1)COCC(C(=O)O)N(CCN(CCN(CC(=O)O)CC(=O)O)CC(=O)O)CC(=O)O", ["Gadobenate Dimeglumine is a gadolinium-based paramagnetic contrast agent. When placed in a magnetic field, gadobenate dimeglumine produces a large magnetic moment and so a large local magnetic field, which can enhance the relaxation rate of nearby protons; as a result, the signal intensity of tissue images observed with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be enhanced. Because this agent is preferentially taken up by normal functioning hepatocytes, normal hepatic tissue is enhanced with MRI while tumor tissue is unenhanced. In addition, because gadobenate dimeglumine is excreted in the bile, it may be used to visualize the biliary system using MRI."]], ["Fluorine-18", "[18FH]", ["Fluorine-18 atom is the radioactive isotope of fluorine with relative atomic mass 18.000938. The longest-lived fluorine radionuclide with half-life of 109.77 min."]], ["Indobufen", "CCC(C1=CC=C(C=C1)N2CC3=CC=CC=C3C2=O)C(=O)O", ["Indobufen is a member of isoindoles.", "Indobufen has been used in trials studying the supportive care and prevention of Atrial Fibrillation."]], ["Dihydroergocristine", "CC(C)[C@@]1(C(=O)N2[C@H](C(=O)N3CCC[C@H]3[C@@]2(O1)O)CC4=CC=CC=C4)NC(=O)[C@@H]5C[C@H]6[C@@H](CC7=CNC8=CC=CC6=C78)N(C5)C", ["Dihydroergocristine is ergocristine in which a single bond replaces the double bond between positions 9 and 10. It is used as the mesylate salt for the symptomatic treatment of mental deterioration associated with cerebrovascular insufficiency and in peripheral vascular disease. It has a role as an adrenergic antagonist and a vasodilator agent. It is functionally related to an ergocristine. It derives from a hydride of an ergotaman.", "Dihydroergocristine is part of the ergoloid mixture products. It is a semisynthetic ergot alkaloid and thus, it is characterized by a structural skeleton formed by an alkaloid ergoline. To know more about ergoloid mixtures, please visit [DB01049].", "A 9,10alpha-dihydro derivative of ERGOTAMINE that contains an isopropyl sidechain at the 2' position of the molecule."]], ["7alpha-Hydroxycholesterol", "C[C@H](CCCC(C)C)[C@H]1CC[C@@H]2[C@@]1(CC[C@H]3[C@H]2[C@@H](C=C4[C@@]3(CC[C@@H](C4)O)C)O)C", ["7alpha-hydroxycholesterol is the 7alpha-hydroxy derivative of cholesterol. It has a role as a mouse metabolite. It is a 7alpha-hydroxy steroid, an oxysterol and a 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid. It is functionally related to a cholesterol.", "7alpha-Hydroxycholesterol is a natural product found in Antipathes dichotoma and Subergorgia suberosa with data available."]], ["Pyruvate", "CC(=O)C(=O)[O-]", ["Pyruvate is a 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of pyruvic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group. It has a role as a fundamental metabolite and a cofactor. It is functionally related to a propionate. It is a conjugate base of a pyruvic acid.", "Pyruvate is a 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of pyruvic acid, which is an important metabolic product for energy-producing biochemical pathways. Pyruvate is the final product of glycolysis and, when hypoxic conditions arise, can be metabolized anaerobically to form lactate. This chemical is a precursor of both acetyl-coenzyme A and oxaloacetate, which are involved in the citric acid cycle. Additionally, oxaloacetate is a substrate in the gluconeogenesis pathway.", "An intermediate compound in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. In thiamine deficiency, its oxidation is retarded and it accumulates in the tissues, especially in nervous structures. (From Stedman, 26th ed)"]], ["Inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate", "[C@H]1([C@H](C([C@H]([C@H](C1OP(=O)(O)O)O)OP(=O)(O)O)OP(=O)(O)O)OP(=O)(O)O)O", ["1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate is a myo-inositol tetrakisphosphate having the four phosphates placed in the 1-, 3-, 4- and 5-positions. It has a role as a mouse metabolite. It is functionally related to a myo-inositol. It is a conjugate acid of a 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate(8-).", "1D-Myo-Inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["Dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(COP(=O)(O)OCC(CO)O)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCC", ["DL-dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol is a phospholipid used in commercially available pharmaceutical preparations to solubilize drugs for injection."]], ["Pyronaridine", "COC1=NC2=C(C3=C(C=C(C=C3)Cl)N=C2C=C1)NC4=CC(=C(C(=C4)CN5CCCC5)O)CN6CCCC6", ["Pyronaridine is an aminoquinoline.", "Pyronaridine has been investigated for the treatment of Malaria.", "Pyronaridine is a natural product found in Acronychia pubescens with data available.", "Pyronaridine is a benzonaphthyridine derivative, with antimalarial and potential antiviral activities. Upon administration, pyronaridine inhibits the formation of beta-hematin, which results in the accumulation of toxic heme within the parasite. In addition, pyronaridine inhibits glutathione-dependent degradation of hematin. This promotes hematin-induced lysis of red blood cells (RBCs), resulting in parasite death. Pyronaridine also exhibits antiviral activity against some viruses in vitro, including Ebola (EBOV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) viruses."]], ["Betamethasone phosphate", "C[C@H]1C[C@H]2[C@@H]3CCC4=CC(=O)C=C[C@@]4([C@]3([C@H](C[C@@]2([C@]1(C(=O)COP(=O)(O)O)O)C)O)F)C", ["Betamethasone phosphate is a steroid phosphate that is the 21-O-phospho derivative of betamethasone. It has a role as an anti-inflammatory agent and an immunosuppressive agent. It is a steroid phosphate, an 11beta-hydroxy steroid, a fluorinated steroid, a 17alpha-hydroxy steroid, a 20-oxo steroid, a 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid and a tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone. It is functionally related to a betamethasone. It is a conjugate acid of a betamethasone phosphate(2-).", "Betamethasone phosphate is a prodrug that is rapidly hydrolyzed, providing rapidly accessible [betamethasone] to agonize glucocorticoid receptors. Betamethasone provides greater anti-inflammatory activity than [prednisolone] with less sodium and water retention.  Betamethasone sodium phosphate was granted FDA approval on 3 March 1965."]], ["Acridine carboxamide", "CN(C)CCNC(=O)C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3N=C21", ["Acridine Carboxamide has been used in trials studying the treatment of Lung Cancer and Brain and Central Nervous System Tumors.", "Acridine Carboxamide is a tricyclic acridine-based (or carboxamide-based) drug with dual topoisomerase inhibitor and potential antineoplastic activities. Acridine carboxamide inhibits both topoisomerases I and II and intercalates into DNA, resulting in DNA damage, the disruption of DNA repair and replication, the inhibition of RNA and protein synthesis, and cell death."]], ["2-[34-Butan-2-yl-8,22-dihydroxy-13-(3-hydroxybutan-2-yl)-2,5,11,14,27,30,33,36,39-nonaoxo-27lambda4-thia-3,6,12,15,25,29,32,35,38-nonazapentacyclo[14.12.11.06,10.018,26.019,24]nonatriaconta-18(26),19(24),20,22-tetraen-4-yl]acetamide", "CCC(C)C1C(=O)NCC(=O)NC2CS(=O)C3=C(CC(C(=O)NCC(=O)N1)NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C4CC(CN4C(=O)C(NC2=O)CC(=O)N)O)C(C)C(C)O)C5=C(N3)C=C(C=C5)O", ["gamma-Amanitin is one of a group of at least eight Amatoxins found in several genera of poisonous mushrooms, most notably Amanita phalloides and several other members of the genus Amanita, as well as some Conocybe, Galerina and Lepiota mushroom species. (L1774)"]], ["Procyanidin", "C1C(C(OC2=CC(=CC(=C21)O)O)C3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)O)OC4(C(C(C5=C(C=C(C=C5O4)O)O)O)O)C6=CC(=C(C=C6)O)O", ["Procyanidin is oligomeric compounds, formed from catechin and epicatechin molecules. They yield cyanidin when depolymerized under oxidative conditions.", "Procyanidin is a natural product found in Vitis amurensis, Syzygium grande, and other organisms with data available."]], ["Ecopipam", "CN1CCC2=CC(=C(C=C2[C@@H]3[C@@H]1CCC4=CC=CC=C34)O)Cl", ["(6aS,13bR)-11-chloro-7-methyl-5,6,6a,8,9,13b-hexahydronaphtho[1,2-a][3]benzazepin-12-ol is a benzazepine.", "Ecopipam has been used in trials studying the treatment of Tourette's Syndrome, Lesch-Nyhan Disease, Pathological Gambling, and Self-injurious Behavior."]], ["Betaxolol hydrochloride", "CC(C)NCC(COC1=CC=C(C=C1)CCOCC2CC2)O.Cl", ["Betaxolol Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of betaxolol, a beta-1-selective adrenergic receptor antagonist without intrinsic sympathomimetic activity. Betaxolol hydrochloride acts on the heart and circulatory system and decreases cardiac contractility and rate, thereby reducing cardiac output. When applied topically in the eye, it lowers intraocular pressure by reducing aqueous humor secretion.", "A cardioselective beta-1-adrenergic antagonist with no partial agonist activity."]], ["Fingolimod", "CCCCCCCCC1=CC=C(C=C1)CCC(CO)(CO)N", ["Fingolimod is an aminodiol that consists of propane-1,3-diol having amino and 2-(4-octylphenyl)ethyl substituents at the 2-position. It is a sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulator used for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. A prodrug, fingolimod is phosphorylated by sphingosine kinase to active metabolite fingolimod-phosphate, a structural analogue of sphingosine 1-phosphate. It has a role as an immunosuppressive agent, a prodrug, an antineoplastic agent, a sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor agonist and a CB1 receptor antagonist. It is an aminodiol and a primary amino compound. It is a conjugate base of a fingolimod(1+).", "Multiple sclerosis, or MS, is a devastating inflammatory disease that often progresses and causes severe neurological, physical, and cognitive effects. Fingolimod is a sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulator for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. It was developed by Novartis and initially approved by the FDA in 2010. Fingolimod was also studied for the treatment of COVID-19, the disease caused by infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus.", "Fingolimod is a Sphingosine 1-phosphate Receptor Modulator. The mechanism of action of fingolimod is as a Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Receptor Modulator.", "Fingolimod is an orally available immunomodulatory drug used to treat relapsing multiple sclerosis. Fingolimod is associated with transient serum enzyme elevations during therapy and with rare instances of clinically apparent, acute liver injury that can be severe and even fatal.", "Fingolimod is a natural product found in Isaria sinclairii with data available.", "Fingolimod is an orally available derivate of myriocin and sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1, S1P1) modulator, with potential anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating activities. Upon oral administration, fingolimod, as a structural analogue of sphingosine, selectively targets and binds to S1PR1 on lymphocytes and causes transient receptor activation followed by S1PR1 internalization and degradation. This results in the sequestration of lymphocytes in lymph nodes. By preventing egress of lymphocytes. fingolimod reduces both the amount of circulating peripheral lymphocytes and the infiltration of lymphocytes into target tissues. This prevents a lymphocyte-mediated immune response and may reduce inflammation. S1PR1, a G-protein coupled receptor, plays a key role in lymphocyte migration from lymphoid tissues. Fingolimod also shifts macrophages to an anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype, and modulates their proliferation, morphology, and cytokine release via inhibition of the transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily M, member 7 (TRPM7).", "A sphingosine-derivative and IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENT that blocks the migration and homing of LYMPHOCYTES to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM through its action on SPHINGOSINE 1-PHOSPHATE RECEPTORS. It is used in the treatment of MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS."]], ["Ramosetron", "CN1C=C(C2=CC=CC=C21)C(=O)[C@@H]3CCC4=C(C3)NC=N4", ["Ramosetron is a member of indoles.", "Ramosetron is a serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonist commonly employed to treat nausea and vomiting, in addition to certain diarrheal conditions. It is believed to have higher potency and longer antiemetic action than other 1st generation 5-HT3 antagonists such as ondansetron. Currently, ramosetron is only approved for use Japan and in certain Southeast Asian countries."]], ["N-Chlorotaurine", "C(CS(=O)(=O)O)NCl", ["N-chlorotaurine is an inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide synthase and IkappaB kinase."]], ["Cafestol", "C[C@@]12CCC3=C([C@H]1CC[C@]45[C@H]2CC[C@H](C4)[C@](C5)(CO)O)C=CO3", ["Cafestol is an organic heteropentacyclic compound and furan diterpenoid with formula C20H28O3 obtained from the unsaponifiable fraction of coffee oil (a lipid fraction obtained from coffee beans by organic solvent extraction). It has a role as a plant metabolite, an apoptosis inducer, a hypoglycemic agent, an angiogenesis inhibitor, an antineoplastic agent, an antioxidant and an anti-inflammatory agent. It is an organic heteropentacyclic compound, a tertiary alcohol, a diterpenoid, a member of furans and a primary alcohol.", "Cafestol is a natural product found in Coffea arabica, Diplospora dubia, and other organisms with data available."]], ["Disperse Blue 106", "CCN(CCO)C1=CC(=C(C=C1)N=NC2=NC=C(S2)[N+](=O)[O-])C", ["Disperse Blue 106 is used in allergenic testing.", "Disperse blue 106 is a Standardized Chemical Allergen. The physiologic effect of disperse blue 106 is by means of Increased Histamine Release, and Cell-mediated Immunity."]], ["Tesmilifene", "CCN(CC)CCOC1=CC=C(C=C1)CC2=CC=CC=C2", ["N,N-diethyl-2-[4-(phenylmethyl)phenoxy]ethanamine is a diarylmethane.", "Tesmilifene is a novel potentiator of chemotherapy which, when added to doxorubicin, achieved an unexpected and very large survival advantage over doxorubicin alone in a randomized trial in advanced breast cancer."]], ["Tamibarotene", "CC1(CCC(C2=C1C=CC(=C2)NC(=O)C3=CC=C(C=C3)C(=O)O)(C)C)C", ["Tamibarotene is a dicarboxylic acid monoamide resulting from the condensation of one of the carboxy groups of terephthalic acid with the amino group of 5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-amine. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent and a retinoic acid receptor alpha/beta agonist. It is a member of tetralins, a retinoid and a dicarboxylic acid monoamide. It is functionally related to a 4-carbamoylbenzoic acid and a terephthalic acid.", "Tamibarotene is a novel synthetic retinoid for acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL). Tamibarotene is currently approved in Japan for treatment of recurrent APL, and is undergoing clinical trials in the United States.", "Tamibarotene is an orally active, synthetic retinoid, developed to overcome all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) resistance, with potential antineoplastic activity. As a specific retinoic acid receptor (RAR) alpha/beta agonist, tamibarotene is approximately ten times more potent than ATRA in inducing cell differentiation and apoptosis in HL-60 (human promyelocytic leukemia) cell lines in vitro. Due to a lower affinity for cellular retinoic acid binding protein (CRABP), tamibarotene may show sustained plasma levels compared to ATRA. In addition, this agent may exhibit a lower toxicity profile than ATRA, in part, due to the lack of affinity for the RAR-gamma receptor, the major retinoic acid receptor in the dermal epithelium."]], ["Iododoxorubicin", "C[C@H]1[C@H]([C@H](C[C@@H](O1)O[C@H]2C[C@@](CC3=C2C(=C4C(=C3O)C(=O)C5=C(C4=O)C(=CC=C5)OC)O)(C(=O)CO)O)N)I", ["4'-deoxy-4'-iododoxorubicin is an organoiodine compound, a primary alpha-hydroxy ketone and a tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone. It is functionally related to a doxorubicin. It is a conjugate acid of a 4'-deoxy-4'-iododoxorubicinium."]], ["2-deoxy-D-glucose", "C(C=O)[C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](CO)O)O)O", ["2-deoxyglucose is predominantly used as a diagnostic agent in its radiolabelled form (fluorine-18 is used as the radiolabel). By using positron emission tomography (PET), radiolabelled 2-deoxyglucose can determine glucose metabolism, which is altered in diseases such as cardiovascular disease, tumors, and Alzheimer's disease. Therapeutically, 2-deoxyglucose is an investigational drug that is being studied as an anticancer and antiviral agent. Concerning the former, 2- deoxyglucose was used as an adjunct to chemotherapy and radiotherapy in the treatment of solid tumors (lung, breast, pancreas, head, neck, and gastric tumors). The exact mechanisms of action of 2-deoxyglucose is still being investigated, but it is known that in hypoxic cancer cells, 2-deoxyglucose is a glycolysis inhibitor that prevents ATP production and, ultimately, cell survival. With respect to antiviral therapy, 2-deoxyglucose was shown to be effective against herpes simplex virus by affecting the virus' ability to penetrate cells. As an experimental drug, 2-deoxyglucose was demonstrated to work as an anticonvulsant in temporal lobe epilepsy. In this condition, 2-deoxyglucose represses the expression of certain proteins that are at high levels after a seizure. Although there are several possible therapeutic indications for 2-deoxyglucose, presently there is no approved indication for 2-deoxyglucose as a therapeutic agent.", "2-deoxy-D-glucose is a natural product found in Streptomyces nigra with data available.", "2-Deoxy-D-glucose is a non-metabolizable glucose analog in which the hydroxyl group at position 2 of glucose is replaced by hydrogen, with potential glycolysis inhibiting and antineoplastic activities. Although the exact mechanism of action has yet to be fully elucidated, upon administration of 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG), this agent competes with glucose for uptake by proliferating cells, such as tumor cells. 2-DG inhibits the first step of glycolysis and therefore prevents cellular energy production, which may result in decreased tumor cell proliferation.", "2-deoxy-D-glucose is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.", "2-Deoxy-D-arabino-hexose. An antimetabolite of glucose with antiviral activity."]], ["Betamethasone acibutate", "C[C@H]1C[C@H]2[C@@H]3CCC4=CC(=O)C=C[C@@]4([C@]3([C@H](C[C@@]2([C@]1(C(=O)COC(=O)C)OC(=O)C(C)C)C)O)F)C", ["Betamethasone acibutate is a steroid ester, an 11beta-hydroxy steroid, a 20-oxo steroid, an acetate ester, a fluorinated steroid and a 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid. It is functionally related to a betamethasone."]], ["Anecortave acetate", "CC(=O)OCC(=O)[C@]1(CC[C@@H]2[C@@]1(CC=C3[C@H]2CCC4=CC(=O)CC[C@@]43C)C)O", ["Anecortave acetate is an organic molecular entity.", "Anecortave acetate (Retaane) is an analog of cortisol acetate; among the modifications to the steroid are the removal of the 11\u00df hydroxyl OH group and an addition of a 21-acetate group. As a result of these modifications, anecortave acetate lacks the typical antiinflammatory and immunosuppressive properties of glucocorticoids.Alcon Inc. is developing and marketing Retaane."]], ["Licarbazepine", "C1C(C2=CC=CC=C2N(C3=CC=CC=C31)C(=O)N)O", ["Licarbazepine is a dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine, reduced across the C-10,11 positions and carrying a carbamoyl substituent at the azepine nitrogen and a hydroxy function at C-10. A voltage-gated sodium channel blocker with anticonvulsant and mood-stabilizing effects, it is related to oxcarbazepine and is an active metabolite of oxcarbazepine. It has a role as a sodium channel blocker, an anticonvulsant and a drug allergen. It is a carboxamide, a dibenzoazepine and a member of ureas. It is functionally related to a carbamazepine."]], ["(6Ar,9R)-N-[(2S)-1-hydroxybutan-2-yl]-7-methyl-6,6a,8,9-tetrahydro-4H-indolo[4,3-fg]quinoline-9-carboxamide;but-2-enedioic acid", "CC[C@@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H]1CN([C@@H]2CC3=CNC4=CC=CC(=C34)C2=C1)C.C(=CC(=O)O)C(=O)O", ["A homolog of ERGONOVINE containing one more CH2 group. (Merck Index, 11th ed)"]], ["(10s,11s)-10,11-Dihydroxy-10,11-dihydro-5h-dibenzo[b,f]azepine-5-carboxamide", "C1=CC=C2C(=C1)[C@@H]([C@H](C3=CC=CC=C3N2C(=O)N)O)O", ["(10S,11S)-dihydroxy-10,11-dihydrocarbamazepine is the (10S,11S)-enantiomer of 10,11-trans-dihydroxy-10,11-dihydrocarbamazepine. It is an enantiomer of a (10R,11R)-dihydroxy-10,11-dihydrocarbamazepine."]], ["Taltirelin", "CN1C(=O)C[C@H](NC1=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC2=CN=CN2)C(=O)N3CCC[C@H]3C(=O)N", ["Taltirelin is an oligopeptide comprising of (4S)-1-methyl-2,6-dioxohexahydropyrimidine-4-carboxylic acid, L-histidine and L-prolinamide joined in sequence by peptide linkages. It is a thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) analog. Its tetrahydrate form is approved in Japan for the treatment of spinal muscular atrophy. It has a role as a nootropic agent, a neuroprotective agent and an analgesic."]], ["Carbon-11", "[11CH4]", ["Carbon-11 atom is a carbon atom."]], ["Liquiritigenin", "C1[C@H](OC2=C(C1=O)C=CC(=C2)O)C3=CC=C(C=C3)O", ["Liquiritigenin is a dihydroxyflavanone compound having the two hydroxy substituents at the 4'- and 7-positions. Isolated from the root of Glycyrrhizae uralensis, it is a selective agonist for oestrogen receptor beta. It has a role as a hormone agonist and a plant metabolite.", "5-deoxyflavanone is a solid. This compound belongs to the flavanones. These are compounds containing a flavan-3-one moiety, whose structure is characterized by a 2-phenyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran bearing a ketone at the carbon C3.", "MF101 is a novel estrogen receptor beta (ER\u03b2) selective agonist and unlike currently available hormone therapies, does not activate the estrogen receptor alpha (ER\u03b1), known to be implicated in tumor formation. MF101 is an oral drug designed for the treatment of hot flashes and night sweats in peri-menopausal and menopausal women.", "Liquiritigenin is a natural product found in Dracaena draco, Pterocarpus marsupium, and other organisms with data available."]], ["Higenamine", "C1CNC(C2=CC(=C(C=C21)O)O)CC3=CC=C(C=C3)O", ["(RS)-norcoclaurine is a norcoclaurine. It is a conjugate base of a (RS)-norcoclaurinium.", "Higenamine is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01451229 (Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Higenamine in Chinese Healthy Subjects).", "Higenamine is a natural product found in Delphinium caeruleum, Aconitum triphyllum, and other organisms with data available."]], ["Amanullin", "CCC(C)C1C(=O)NCC(=O)NC2CS(=O)C3=C(CC(C(=O)NCC(=O)N1)NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C4CC(CN4C(=O)C(NC2=O)CC(=O)N)O)C(C)CC)C5=C(N3)C=C(C=C5)O", ["Amanullin is one of a group of at least eight Amatoxins found in several genera of poisonous mushrooms, most notably Amanita phalloides and several other members of the genus Amanita, as well as some Conocybe, Galerina and Lepiota mushroom species. (L1774)"]], ["Amrubicin hydrochloride", "CC(=O)[C@]1(C[C@@H](C2=C(C1)C(=C3C(=C2O)C(=O)C4=CC=CC=C4C3=O)O)O[C@H]5C[C@@H]([C@@H](CO5)O)O)N.Cl", ["Amrubicin Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt of a third-generation synthetic 9-amino-anthracycline with antineoplastic activity. Amrubicin intercalates into DNA and inhibits the activity of topoisomerase II, resulting in inhibition of DNA replication, and RNA and protein synthesis, followed by cell growth inhibition and cell death. This agent has demonstrated a higher level of anti-tumor activity than conventional anthracycline drugs without exhibiting any indication of the cumulative cardiac toxicity common to this class of compounds."]], ["Landiolol", "CC1(OC[C@H](O1)COC(=O)CCC2=CC=C(C=C2)OC[C@H](CNCCNC(=O)N3CCOCC3)O)C", ["Landiolol is a member of morpholines.", "Landiolol is a rapid-acting beta-blocker used for rapid ventricular rate control."]], ["Tanshinone I", "CC1=C2C=CC3=C(C2=CC=C1)C(=O)C(=O)C4=C3OC=C4C", ["Tanshinone I is an abietane diterpenoid. It has a role as an anticoronaviral agent.", "Tanshinone I is a natural product found in Salvia miltiorrhiza, Salvia digitaloides, and other organisms with data available."]], ["Perboric acid", "B(=O)OO", ["Perboric acid is mainly found in its salt form of sodium perborate and it can be found as a monohydrate or tetrahydrate. It is one of the peroxy acid salts with very wide functionalities in industrial settings. Perboric acid in the form of sodium perborate is approved by Health Canada since 2004 to be used as a disinfectant of medical instruments. By the FDA, sodium perborate is approved as an ointment for the protection of poison ivy dermatitis."]], ["Samarium-153", "[153Sm]", ["Samarium 153 has been used in trials studying the supportive care of Pain, Lung Cancer, Breast Cancer, Prostate Cancer, and Metastatic Cancer."]], ["Dihydroergocryptine", "CC(C)C[C@H]1C(=O)N2CCC[C@H]2[C@]3(N1C(=O)[C@](O3)(C(C)C)NC(=O)[C@@H]4C[C@H]5[C@@H](CC6=CNC7=CC=CC5=C67)N(C4)C)O", ["Dihydro-alpha-ergocryptine is alpha-Ergocryptine in which a single bond replaces the double bond between positions 9 and 10. It is functionally related to an alpha-ergocryptine. It derives from a hydride of an ergotaman.", "Alpha-dihydroergocryptine is usually referred to the mixture of the alpha and beta dihydroergocryptine. These two compounds are differentiated in the position of a methyl group. This structural difference is due to a proteinogenic amino acid replacement from leucine to isoleucine. Both compounds are hydrogenated ergot derivatives. Alpha-dihydroergocryptine approved drug product is as a part of an ergoloid mixture. To know more about this mixture, please visit [DB01049]", "A 9,10alpha-dihydro derivative of ERGOTAMINE that contains an isopropyl sidechain at the 2' position and an alpha-isobutyl sidechain at 5'alpha position of the molecule."]], ["BioMed 101", "CCCC1=C(C=CC2=C1OC(CC2)C(=O)O)OCCCOC3=C(C(=C(C=C3)C(=O)C)OC)CCC", ["Biomed 101 is investigated for use/treatment in adverse effects (chemotherapy) and renal cell carcinoma. Biomed 101 is a solid. Biomed 101 binds to the leukotriene B4 receptor, but does not affect interleukin-2 antitumor activity.", "Biomed 101 is an agent binding to the leukotriene B4 receptor, leading to reduced interleukin-2 mediated hypoxia. Biomed 101 does not affect interleukin-2 antitumor activity.  (NCI04)"]], ["Nitric acid, mercury(1+) salt (1:1)", "[N+](=O)(O)[O-].[Hg]", ["Mercury(II) nitrate is a nitrate of mercury previously used to treat fur and make felt. Today it is used mainly in the synthesis of other mercuric compounds. Mercury is a heavy, silvery d-block metal and one of six elements that are liquid at or near room temperature and pressure. It is a naturally occuring substance, and combines with other elements such as chlorine, sulfur, or oxygen to form inorganic mercury compounds (salts). Mercury also combines with carbon to make organic mercury compounds. Nitrite is a toxic compound known to cause methemoglobinemia. (L1137,  L1, L441)", "Mercury(I) nitrate is a chemical compound of mercury used mainly in the synthesis of other mercuric compounds. Mercury is a heavy, silvery d-block metal and one of six elements that are liquid at or near room temperature and pressure. It is a naturally occuring substance, and combines with other elements such as chlorine, sulfur, or oxygen to form inorganic mercury compounds (salts). Mercury also combines with carbon to make organic mercury compounds. Nitrite is a toxic compound known to cause methemoglobinemia. (L1137,  L1, L138)"]], ["D-Glucosamine sulfate", "C([C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](C=O)N)O)O)O)O.OS(=O)(=O)O", ["Glucosamine Sulfate is an amino sugar (2-amino, 2-deoxyglucose) in cell membranes, Glucosamine Sulfate is believed to play a role in cartilage formation and repair. Long-term glucosamine sulfate treatment retards progression of knee osteoarthritis; the mechanism appears to involve glucosamine's role as an essential substrate for glycosaminoglycans and hyaluronic acid, needed for formation of the joint proteoglycan structural matrix. (NCI04)"]], ["Pivmecillinam hydrochloride", "CC1([C@@H](N2[C@H](S1)[C@@H](C2=O)N=CN3CCCCCC3)C(=O)OCOC(=O)C(C)(C)C)C.Cl", ["Pivaloyloxymethyl ester of amdinocillin that is well absorbed orally, but broken down to amdinocillin in the intestinal mucosa. It is active against gram-negative organisms and used as for amdinocillin."]], ["Pivmecillinam", "CC1([C@@H](N2[C@H](S1)[C@@H](C2=O)N=CN3CCCCCC3)C(=O)OCOC(=O)C(C)(C)C)C", ["Pivmecillinam is a penicillanic acid ester that is the [(2,2-dimethylpropanoyl)oxy]methyl ester and prodrug of mecillinam. It has a role as an antiinfective agent, an antibacterial drug and a prodrug. It is a penicillanic acid ester, a penicillin and a pivaloyloxymethyl ester. It is functionally related to a mecillinam.", "Pivmecillinam is a natural product found in Brassica napus with data available.", "Amdinocillin Pivoxil is the pivoxil ester form of a semisynthetic, broad spectrum beta-lactam penicillin with antibacterial activity. Amdinocillin specifically binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding protein 2 (PBP 2) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall. Inactivation of PBPs interferes with the cross-linkage of peptidoglycan chains necessary for bacterial cell wall strength and rigidity. This interrupts bacterial cell wall synthesis and results in the weakening of the bacterial cell wall, eventually causing cell lysis.", "Pivaloyloxymethyl ester of amdinocillin that is well absorbed orally, but broken down to amdinocillin in the intestinal mucosa. It is active against gram-negative organisms and used as for amdinocillin."]], ["Desmethylmianserin", "C1CN2C(CN1)C3=CC=CC=C3CC4=CC=CC=C42", ["Desmethylmianserin is a dibenzooxazepine."]], ["Ergotaminine", "C[C@@]1(C(=O)N2[C@H](C(=O)N3CCC[C@H]3[C@@]2(O1)O)CC4=CC=CC=C4)NC(=O)[C@@H]5CN([C@@H]6CC7=CNC8=CC=CC(=C78)C6=C5)C", ["Ergotaminine is a natural product found in Festuca rubra with data available.", "A vasoconstrictor found in ergot of Central Europe. It is a serotonin agonist that has been used as an oxytocic agent and in the treatment of MIGRAINE DISORDERS."]], ["Bunazosin hydrochloride", "CCCC(=O)N1CCCN(CC1)C2=NC3=CC(=C(C=C3C(=N2)N)OC)OC.Cl", ["Bunazosin hydrochloride is a member of quinazolines."]], ["Pirlimycin Hydrochloride", "CC[C@@H]1CCN[C@@H](C1)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](O2)SC)O)O)O)[C@H](C)Cl.Cl", ["Pirlimycin Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of pirlimycin, a derivative of clindamycin with a 6-membered ring replacing clindamycin's 5-membered ring. Compared to clindimycin, pirlimycin has increased activity against gram-positive bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase negative species of Staphylococcus and Streptococcus. This agent is primarily used in the treatment of mastitis in cattle."]], ["Tafenoquine", "CC1=CC(=NC2=C1C(=C(C=C2NC(C)CCCN)OC)OC3=CC=CC(=C3)C(F)(F)F)OC", ["N(4)-{2,6-dimethoxy-4-methyl-5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]quinolin-8-yl}pentane-1,4-diamine is an aminoquinoline that is 8-aminoquinoline which is substituted by methoxy groups at positions 2 and 6, a methyl group at position 4, and a m-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy group at position 5, and in which the amino substituent at position 8 is itself substituted by a 5-aminopentan-2-yl group. It is a member of (trifluoromethyl)benzenes, an aminoquinoline, an aromatic ether, a primary amino compound and a secondary amino compound.", "Tafenoquine is an 8-aminoquinoline analogue of primaquine which varies only on the presence of a 5-phenoxy group. It was discovered by the scientists at the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research in 1978 as a substitute for primaquine that would be more effective against relapsing vivax malaria. Tafenoquine was further developed collaboratively between GlaxoSmithKline and Medicines for Malaria Venture. It was FDA approved on July 20, 2018.", "Tafenoquine is an aminoquinoline that is used in combination with other antimalarials for the prevention of relapse of Plasmodium vivax malaria and by itself as prophylaxis against all species of malaria. Tafenoquine has been linked to low rates of transient and asymptomatic serum enzyme elevations during therapy but has not been associated with instances of clinically apparent acute liver injury.", "Tafenoquine is an orally bioavailable 8-aminoquinoline derivative, with antimalarial activity. Although the mechanism is not completely understood, upon administration, tafenoquine inhibits the parasitic enzyme heme polymerase in the blood stages of the parasites. This inhibits the conversion of the toxic heme into non-toxic hemazoin, thereby resulting in the accumulation of toxic heme within the parasite. Tafenoquine is active against all the stages of Plasmodium species and is also active against the pre-erythrocytic liver stages of the parasites. This prevents the development of the erythrocytic forms of the parasite which are responsible for relapses in P. vivax malaria."]], ["Marimastat", "CC(C)C[C@H]([C@@H](C(=O)NO)O)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)NC)C(C)(C)C", ["Marimastat is a secondary carboxamide resulting from the foraml condensation of the carboxy group of (2R)-2-[(1S)-1-hydroxy-2-(hydroxyamino)-2-oxoethyl]-4-methylpentanoic acid with the alpha-amino group of N,3-dimethyl-L-valinamide. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent and a matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor. It is a secondary carboxamide and a hydroxamic acid.", "Used in the treatment of cancer, Marmiastat is an angiogenesis and metastasis inhibitor. As an angiogenesis inhibitor it limits the growth and production of blood vessels. As an antimetatstatic agent it prevents malignant cells from breaching the basement membranes.", "Marimastat is an orally-active synthetic hydroxamate with potential antineoplastic activity.  Marimastat covalently binds to the zinc(II) ion in the active site of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), thereby inhibiting the action of MMPs, inducing extracellular matrix degradation, and inhibiting angiogenesis, tumor growth and invasion, and metastasis.  This agent may also inhibit tumor necrosis factor-alpha converting enzyme (TACE), an enzyme involved in tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) production that may play a role in some malignancies as well as in the development of arthritis and sepsis. (NCI04)"]], ["Nitroaspirin", "CC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OC2=CC=CC(=C2)CO[N+](=O)[O-]", ["2-acetyloxybenzoic acid [3-(nitrooxymethyl)phenyl] ester is a carbonyl compound.", "Nitroaspirin has been investigated for the treatment of Intermittent Claudication.", "Nitric Oxide-Releasing Acetylsalicylic Acid Derivative is a nitric oxide (NO) donating derivative of acetylsalicylic acid with anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic, antithrombotic, gastroprotective and potential antitumor activities. The acetylsalicylic acid derivative moiety of this agent inhibits the activities of cyclooxygenase (COX) I and II, preventing the formation of prostaglandins and thromboxanes. A reduction in prostaglandin synthesis accounts for this agent's anti-inflammatory, anti-pyretic and analgesic activities; a reduction in thromboxane A2 synthesis results in an irreversible inhibition of platelet aggregation. NO donation by this agent, after cleavage from the acetylsalicylic acid derivative in vivo, may protect the gastric mucosa against the damaging effects of the aspirin derivative by modulating prostaglandins. In tumor cells, the NO donating moiety may block the cell cycle in the G1 and G2 phases and may induce apoptosis through caspase-mediated mechanisms."]], ["Asiatic acid", "C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(C[C@H]([C@@H]([C@@]5(C)CO)O)O)C)C)[C@@H]2[C@H]1C)C)C(=O)O", ["Asiatic acid is a pentacyclic triterpenoid that is ursane substituted by a carboxy group at position 28 and hydroxy groups at positions 2, 3 and 23 (the 2alpha,3beta stereoisomer). It is isolated from Symplocos lancifolia and Vateria indica and exhibits anti-angiogenic activity. It has a role as an angiogenesis modulating agent and a metabolite. It is a monocarboxylic acid, a triol and a pentacyclic triterpenoid. It derives from a hydride of an ursane.", "From Centella asiatica and other plants; shows a variety of bioactivities.", "Asiatic acid is a natural product found in Psidium guajava, Combretum fruticosum, and other organisms with data available."]], ["Mono(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl)phthalate", "CCC(CCC(=O)C)COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)O", ["Mono(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate is a phthalic acid monoester obtained by formal condensation of one of the carboxy groups of phthalic acid with the hydroxy group of 2-ethyl-5-oxohexan-1-ol. It has a role as a human xenobiotic metabolite and a human urinary metabolite. It is a methyl ketone and a phthalic acid monoester."]], ["Indium In 111 oxyquinoline", "C1=CC2=C(C(=C1)[O-])N=CC=C2.C1=CC2=C(C(=C1)[O-])N=CC=C2.C1=CC2=C(C(=C1)[O-])N=CC=C2.[111In+3]", ["Indium In 111 oxyquinoline (oxine) is a diagnostic radiopharmaceutical intended for radiolabeling of autologous leukocytes.  It is composed of a 3:1 saturated complex of In-111 isotope and oxyquinoline. Indium-111 decays by isomeric transition and electron capture to cadmium-111, emitting a gamma ray that can be detected with a gamma ray camera. It is therefore useful in nuclear medicine, and is used in the labeling of leukocytes for localization of processes to which leukocytes migrate, such as those associated with abscesses or other infections. The degree of accuracy may vary with labeling techniques and with the size, location and nature of the inflammatory process.  Following intravenous administration, the lipid-soluble complex is able to penetrate platelet cell membranes. Once inside, Indium detaches from the oxyquinoline complexes and becomes attached to cytoplasmic components."]], ["Efonidipine", "CC1=C(C(C(=C(N1)C)P2(=O)OCC(CO2)(C)C)C3=CC(=CC=C3)[N+](=O)[O-])C(=O)OCCN(CC4=CC=CC=C4)C5=CC=CC=C5", ["2-[benzyl(phenyl)amino]ethyl 5-(5,5-dimethyl-2-oxido-1,3,2-dioxaphosphinan-2-yl)-2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3-carboxylate is a carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-(5,5-dimethyl-2-oxido-1,3,2-dioxaphosphinan-2-yl)-2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3-carboxylic acid with the hydroxy group of 2-[benzyl(phenyl)amino]ethanol. It is a C-nitro compound, a carboxylic ester, a tertiary amino compound and a dihydropyridine.", "Efonidipine is a calcium channel blocker of the dihydropyridine class, commercialized by Shionogi & Co. (Japan). Initially, it was marketed in 1995 under the trade name, Landel. The drug has been shown to block T-type in addition to L-type calcium channels. It has also been studied in atherosclerosis and acute renal failure. This drug is also known as NZ-105, and several studies have been done on its pharmacokinetics in animals."]], ["Cndac", "C1=CN(C(=O)N=C1N)[C@H]2[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O2)CO)O)C#N", ["CNDAC is a pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside that is 2'-deoxycytidine having a cyano group in the 2'-position. It is the active metabolite of the anti-cancer drug, sapacitabine which is currently in clinical development for the treatment of hematologic malignancies and solid tumors. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent, a drug metabolite and a DNA synthesis inhibitor. It is a pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside and a nitrile.", "2'-cyano-2'-deoxy-1-(beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)cytosine has been used in trials studying the treatment of Advanced Colorectal Cancer.", "Radgocitabine is an analogue of the nucleoside deoxycytidine with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, radgocitabine is incorporated into DNA and directly inhibits the activity of DNA polymerase, which may result in inhibition of DNA replication and cell cycle arrest in the S and G2/M phases, DNA fragmentation, and tumor cell apoptosis."]], ["Silicon phthalocyanine", "CN(C)CCC[Si](C)(C)[O-].C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C3=CC4=NC(=NC5=C6C=CC=CC6=C([N-]5)N=C7C8=CC=CC=C8C(=NC2=N3)[N-]7)C9=CC=CC=C94.[OH-].[Si+4]", ["Silicon Phthalocyanine 4 is a synthetic photosensitizer agent containing a large macrocyclic ring chelated with silicon. Silicon phthalocyanine 4 localizes primarily in mitochondrial cytosolic membranes and, after photoexcitation, forms reactive oxygen species that induce apoptosis."]], ["Meclinertant", "COC1=C(C(=CC=C1)OC)C2=CC(=NN2C3=C4C=CC(=CC4=NC=C3)Cl)C(=O)NC5(C6CC7CC(C6)CC5C7)C(=O)O", ["2-[[[1-(7-chloro-4-quinolinyl)-5-(2,6-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-pyrazolyl]-oxomethyl]amino]-2-adamantanecarboxylic acid is a N-acyl-amino acid."]], ["1-O-Hexyl-2,3,5-trimethylhydroquinone", "CCCCCCOC1=C(C(=C(C(=C1)C)O)C)C", ["Hx 1171 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01548391 (A Phase I Clinical Study Study of the Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of HX-1171 in Healthy Male Subjects)."]], ["3-Heptadecylcatechol", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC1=C(C(=CC=C1)O)O", ["3-heptadecylcatechol is catechol substituted at position 3 with a heptadecyl group.", "3-Heptadecylcatechol is a natural product found in Holigarna ferruginea with data available."]], ["Trichloroacetate", "C(=O)(C(Cl)(Cl)Cl)[O-]", ["Trichloroacetate is a monocarboxylic acid anion that results from the removal of a proton from the carboxylic acid group of trichloroacetic acid. It is functionally related to an acetate. It is a conjugate base of a trichloroacetic acid.", "Trichloroacetate, or trichloroacetic acid, is a strong acid prepared by the reaction of chlorine with acetic acid in the presence of a suitable catalyst. In clinical chemistry and biochemistry, it is used as a precipitant of macromolecules including proteins, DNA and RNA. Trichloroacetate is also found in cosmetic treatments and topical formulations as a cauterant, which removes condyloma or warts on the skin."]], ["Octanoate", "CCCCCCCC(=O)[O-]", ["Octanoate is a straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of octanoic acid (caprylic acid); believed to block adipogenesis. It has a role as a human metabolite and a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite. It is a fatty acid anion 8:0 and a straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion. It is a conjugate base of an octanoic acid."]], ["Rheinanthrone", "C1C2=C(C(=CC=C2)O)C(=O)C3=C1C=C(C=C3O)C(=O)O", ["Rheinanthrone is a member of anthracenes.", "Rheinanthrone is the active metabolite of senna glycoside [DB11365] known for its laxative effect. It is commonly produced by plants of the Rheum species."]], ["Ammonia N-13", "[13NH3]", ["Ammonia-(13)N is a (13)N-modified compound that is ammonia that has a (13)N isotope as the nitrogen atom. (13)N decays with a half-life of ten minutes to (13)C, emitting a positron. Used in diagnostic Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging. It has a role as a radioactive imaging agent.", "Ammonia N 13 Injection, USP is a positron emitting radiopharmaceutical that is used for diagnostic purposes in conjunction with positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. The active ingredient, [13N] ammonia, has the molecular formula of 13NH3 with a molecular weight of 16.02. Ammonia N 13 Injection, USP is used for imaging of the myocardium under rest or pharmacologic stress conditions to evaluate myocardial perfusion in patients with suspected or existing coronary artery disease.", "Ammonia n-13 is a Radioactive Diagnostic Agent. The mechanism of action of ammonia n-13 is as a Radiopharmaceutical Activity.", "Ammonia N-13 is a radiopharmaceutical composed of ammonia labeled with the radioisotope nitrogen N 13 that can be used, during positron emission tomography (PET), as a blood flow imaging agent and potentially as a tumor imaging agent. Upon intravenous administration, ammonia N 13 distributes to various organs in the body, such as the myocardium, liver, kidneys and brain. This agent is taken up by cells and is retained following conversion to glutamine N 13 by glutamine synthetase (GS). Upon PET, organ perfusion and the presence of cancer cells can be assessed. GS, an enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of glutamine from glutamate and ammonia, is overexpressed in a variety of cancers and plays a key role in cancer cell proliferation."]], ["Gallopamil hydrochloride", "CC(C)C(CCCN(C)CCC1=CC(=C(C=C1)OC)OC)(C#N)C2=CC(=C(C(=C2)OC)OC)OC.Cl", ["Coronary vasodilator that is an analog of iproveratril (VERAPAMIL) with one more methoxy group on the benzene ring."]], ["Pramipexole", "CCCN[C@H]1CCC2=C(C1)SC(=N2)N", ["Pramipexole is a member of the class of benzothiazoles that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1,3-benzothiazole in which the hydrogens at the 2 and 6-pro-S-positions are substituted by amino and propylamino groups, respectively. It has a role as an antiparkinson drug, a dopamine agonist, an antidyskinesia agent and a radical scavenger. It is a member of benzothiazoles and a diamine. It is a conjugate base of a pramipexole(2+).", "Pramipexole is a drug used to treat the symptoms of Parkinson's Disease (PD).  It is a non-ergot dopamine agonist drug that is efficacious in treating various Parkinson's symptoms such as tremor, rigidity, and bradykinesia (slow movement). It was first approved by the FDA in 1997. Parkinson's Disease is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders and causes a high level of disability in patients, leading to increased difficulty in performing activities of daily living due to symptoms that progress over time. The prevalence of Parkinson's Disease worldwide has increased from approximately 2.5 million in 1990 to about 6.1 million in 2016.  This increase may be attributed to an aging population along with other contributing factors.  In addition to the above FDA approval for Parkinson's Disease, pramipexole was also approved by the FDA in 2006 for the treatment of Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS). RLS is a sleep-related disorder characterized by unpleasant sensations in the lower extremities, often accompanied by an uncontrollable urge to move the legs.", "Pramipexole is a Nonergot Dopamine Agonist. The mechanism of action of pramipexole is as a Dopamine Agonist.", "Pramipexole is a selective dopamine receptor agonist used in the therapy of Parkinson disease. Pramipexole therapy is associated with a low rate of transient serum enzyme elevations during treatment, but has not been implicated in cases of clinically apparent acute liver injury.", "Pramipexole is a medication indicated for treating Parkinson's disease and restless legs syndrome (RLS). It is also sometimes used off-label as a treatment for cluster headache or to counteract the problems with low libido experienced by some users of SSRI antidepressant drugs. Pramipexole has shown robust effects on pilot studies in bipolar disorder. Pramipexole is classified as a non-ergoline dopamine agonist.", "A benzothiazole derivative and dopamine agonist with antioxidant properties that is used in the treatment of PARKINSON DISEASE and RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME."]], ["Mosapride", "CCOC1=CC(=C(C=C1C(=O)NCC2CN(CCO2)CC3=CC=C(C=C3)F)Cl)N", ["Mosapride is a racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-mosapride. It is a gastroprokinetic agent which acts on 5-hydroxytryptamine type 4 (5-HT4) receptors in the gastrointestinal plexus, consequently increasing the release of acetylcholine and hence enhancing gastrointestinal motility and gastric emptying. It has a role as a gastrointestinal drug and a serotonergic agonist. It contains a (R)-mosapride and a (S)-mosapride.", "Mosapride is under investigation for the treatment and prevention of Postoperative Ileus and Gastric Peroral Endoscopic Pyloromyotomy (G-POEM). Mosapride has been investigated for the treatment and diagnostic of Constipation, Type 2 Diabetes, Functional Dyspepsia, Functional Constipation, and Epigastric Pain Syndrome, among others."]], ["Deramciclane", "C[C@@]12CC[C@@H](C1(C)C)C[C@@]2(C3=CC=CC=C3)OCCN(C)C", ["Deramciclane (EGIS-3886) is used for the treatment of a number of anxiety disorders. Deramciclane differs from other anti anxiety medications in that it is not a benzodiazepine and so has a different structure and target. It antagonizes 5-HT2A receptors, agonizes 5-HT2C receptors, and functions as a GABA reuptake inhibitor."]], ["Pentosidine", "C1=CN(C2=NC(=NC2=C1)NCCC[C@@H](C(=O)O)N)CCCC[C@@H](C(=O)O)N", ["Pentosidine is an imidazopyridine having norleucine and ornithine residues attached via their side-chains at the 4- and 2-positions respectively. It has a role as a cross-linking reagent and a biomarker. It is an imidazopyridine and a non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid.", "Pentosidine is a uremic toxin.  Uremic toxins can be subdivided into three major groups based upon their chemical and physical characteristics: 1) small, water-soluble, non-protein-bound compounds, such as urea; 2) small, lipid-soluble and/or protein-bound compounds, such as the phenols and 3) larger so-called middle-molecules, such as beta2-microglobulin. Chronic exposure of uremic toxins can lead to a number of conditions including renal damage, chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular disease. \nPentosidine is a carbohydrate-derived advanced glycation end products (AGEs) that is considerably elevated in uremic patients. Derived from ribose, a pentose, pentosidine forms fluorescent cross-links between the arginine and lysine residues in collagen. It is formed in a reaction of the amino acids with the Maillard reaction products of ribose. Although it is present only in trace concentrations among tissue proteins, it is useful for assessing cumulative damage to proteins-advanced glycation endproductsThis compound per se has no biological activities but is highly correlated to the levels of precursors of carbonyl compounds, and for this reason is considered a reliable surrogate marker for AGEs. The modification of proteins in uremia is not limited to AGEs, since advanced lipoxidation end products are also demonstrable in plasma proteins in uremia. The accumulation of these compounds does not seem to be dependent only on the decline of renal function. Carbonyl precursors of AGEs and advanced lipoxidation end products are markedly elevated in uremic patients. Preliminary cross-sectional studies in haemodialysis patients seem to indicate that the AGEs and carbonyl stress may be involved in the pathogenesis of alterations in left ventricular geometry and function in these patients. The plasma pentosidine level in diabetic nephropathy was found to be determined by factors such as renal function control of glucose and the patient's age; of these, renal function was the most critical factor. The pathological role of AGEs in diabetic nephropathy, is in the expanded mesangial area of diffuse diabetic glomerulosclerosis, with nodular lesions, characteristic of diabetic nephropathy. These suggests a potential link of AGEs accumulation, which may be determined by renal function, control of glucose and age, to renal tissue damage in diabetic nephropathy. The rate of accumulation of glycoxidation products is accelerated in diabetes and age-adjusted concentrations of two advanced glycation end-products (AGE) in tissue proteins, N(6)-carboxymethyllysine and pentosidine, correlate with the severity of complication in diabetic patients. (A3291, A3292, A3293)."]], ["Histamine hydrochloride", "C1=C(NC=N1)CCN.Cl", ["An amine derived by enzymatic decarboxylation of HISTIDINE. It is a powerful stimulant of gastric secretion, a constrictor of bronchial smooth muscle, a vasodilator, and also a centrally acting neurotransmitter."]], ["Phendimetrazine tartrate", "C[C@H]1[C@@H](OCCN1C)C2=CC=CC=C2.[C@@H]([C@H](C(=O)O)O)(C(=O)O)O", ["Phendimetrazine Tartrate is a phenylalkylamine sympathomimetic amine with appetite depressant property. Phendimetrazine tartrate is a prodrug that is hydrolyzed to the active metabolite phenmetrazine, which competes with norepinephrine and dopamine for their presynaptic transporters, thereby blocks the reuptake of these monoamines at the neuronal junctions. As a result, this prolongs activities of dopamine and norepinephrine and leads to central nervous system (CNS) stimulation and metabolic effects, including appetite-suppression, decreased gastric acid secretion and increased blood pressure."]], ["Nisintil", "CCC(=O)O[C@@]1(CCN(C[C@@H]1C)C)C2=CC=CC=C2", ["Alphaprodine is a member of piperidines.", "An opioid analgesic chemically related to and with an action resembling that of MEPERIDINE, but more rapid in onset and of shorter duration. It has been used in obstetrics, as pre-operative medication, for minor surgical procedures, and for dental procedures. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1067)"]], ["Nicotine, tartrate (1:2), (-)-l-", "CN1CCC[C@H]1C2=CN=CC=C2.[C@H]([C@@H](C(=O)O)O)(C(=O)O)O.[C@H]([C@@H](C(=O)O)O)(C(=O)O)O", ["Nicotine tartrate appears as a reddish white crystalline solid. Combustible. Toxic by inhalation (dust, etc.) and may be toxic by skin absorption. Produces toxic oxides of nitrogen during combustion."]], ["Dihydrostreptomycin sulphate", "C[C@H]1[C@@]([C@H]([C@@H](O1)O[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]2O)O)N=C(N)N)O)N=C(N)N)O[C@H]3[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O3)CO)O)O)NC)(CO)O.OS(=O)(=O)O", ["Dihydrostreptomycin Sulfate is a semi-synthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic with bactericidal properties. Dihydrostreptomycin sulfate inhibits protein synthesis by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit. This antibiotic is active against most gram-positive and gram-negative organisms and is used in the treatment of tuberculosis and tulemia.", "A semi-synthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic that is used in the treatment of TUBERCULOSIS."]], ["Benzenesulfonamide, 5-(2-((2-(2-ethoxyphenoxy)ethyl)amino)propyl)-2-methoxy-", "CCOC1=CC=CC=C1OCCNC(C)CC2=CC(=C(C=C2)OC)S(=O)(=O)N", ["5-(2-{[2-(2-ethoxyphenoxy)ethyl]amino}propyl)-2-methoxybenzenesulfonamide is a secondary amino compound that is ammonia in which nitrogen is substituted by a 1-(4-methoxy-3-sulfamoylphenyl)propan-2-yl group and a 2-(2-ethoxyphenoxy)ethyl group. It is a secondary amino compound, a sulfonamide and an aromatic ether."]], ["1,5-Aedans", "CC(=O)NCCNC1=CC=CC2=C1C=CC=C2S(=O)(=O)O", ["5-[(2-acetamidoethyl)amino]naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid is an aminonaphthalenesulfonic acid fluorophore with a structure consisting of ethylenediamine substituted on the nitrogens with acetyl and 5-sulfonyl-1-naphthyl groups. It has a role as a fluorescent probe."]], ["Tetraxetan", "C1CN(CCN(CCN(CCN1CC(=O)O)CC(=O)O)CC(=O)O)CC(=O)O", ["DOTA is an azamacrocyle in which four nitrogen atoms at positions 1, 4, 7 and 10 of a twelve-membered ring are each substituted with a carboxymethyl group. It has a role as a chelator and a copper chelator. It derives from a hydride of a 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane."]], ["Mitiglinide", "C1CC[C@H]2CN(C[C@H]2C1)C(=O)C[C@H](CC3=CC=CC=C3)C(=O)O", ["Mitiglinide is a monocarboxylic acid and a member of benzenes.", "Mitiglinide is a drug for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. It may stimulate insulin secretion in beta-cells by closing off ATP dependant potassium ion channels.", "Mitiglinide is a succinic acid derivative with hypoglycemic activity. Like other meglitinide-type compounds, mitiglinide has a high affinity for SUR1 subunits."]], ["24(S)-hydroxycholesterol", "C[C@H](CC[C@@H](C(C)C)O)[C@H]1CC[C@@H]2[C@@]1(CC[C@H]3[C@H]2CC=C4[C@@]3(CC[C@@H](C4)O)C)C", ["(24S)-24-hydroxycholesterol is a 24-hydroxycholesterol that has S configuration at position 24. It is the major metabolic breakdown product of cholesterol in the brain. It has a role as a mouse metabolite, a biomarker and a human blood serum metabolite.", "24-Hydroxycholesterol is a natural product found in Homo sapiens with data available."]], ["rhenium-186 HEDP", "CC(O)(OP(=O)(O)O)OP(=O)(O)O.[186Re]", ["Rhenium Re 186 Etidronate is an synthetic compound containing the organic phosphonate hydroxyethylidene diphosphonate (HEDP) labeled with the radioisotope rhenium Re 186. Re-186 etidronate binds to hydroxyapatite in bone, delivering a cytotoxic dose of beta radiation to primary and metastatic bone tumors. Re-186 is a beta emitter with a short half-life, a radioisotope profile that provides localized antitumor radiocytotoxicity while sparing extramedullary bone marrow tissues."]], ["Lintitript", "C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C=C(N2CC(=O)O)C(=O)NC3=NC(=CS3)C4=CC=CC=C4Cl", ["2-[2-[[[4-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-thiazolyl]amino]-oxomethyl]-1-indolyl]acetic acid is an indolyl carboxylic acid.", "Lintitript is a new, highly specific and potent CCK-A receptor antagonist."]], ["3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-Trihydroxycoprostanic acid", "C[C@H](CCCC(C)C)[C@H]1CC[C@@H]2[C@@]1([C@H](C[C@H]3[C@H]2[C@@H](C[C@]4([C@@]3(CC[C@H](C4)O)C)C(=O)O)O)O)C", ["3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestane-5-carboxylic acid is a 12alpha-hydroxy steroid, a 3alpha-hydroxy steroid, a 7alpha-hydroxy steroid, a hydroxy monocarboxylic acid and a cholestanoic acid. It has a role as a human metabolite."]], ["Nifekalant hydrochloride", "CN1C(=CC(=O)N(C1=O)C)NCCN(CCCC2=CC=C(C=C2)[N+](=O)[O-])CCO.Cl", ["Nifekalant hydrochloride is an amine. It contains a Nifekalant."]], ["N-Methyl-gamma-(1-naphthalenyloxy)-2-thiophenepropanamine", "CNCCC(C1=CC=CS1)OC2=CC=CC3=CC=CC=C32", ["Duloxetine is a member of thiophenes. It has a role as an EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor."]], ["Piperaquine", "C1CN(CCN1CCCN2CCN(CC2)C3=C4C=CC(=CC4=NC=C3)Cl)C5=C6C=CC(=CC6=NC=C5)Cl", ["Piperaquine is an aminoquinoline that is 1,3-di(piperazin-1-yl)propane in which the nitrogen at position 4 of each of the piperazine moieties is replaced by a 7-chloroquinolin-4-yl group. It has a role as an antimalarial. It is a N-arylpiperazine, an organochlorine compound and an aminoquinoline.", "Piperaquine is an antimalarial agent first synthesized in the 1960's and used throughout China. Its use declined in the 1980's as piperaquine resistant strains of *Plasmodium falciparum* appeared and artemisinin derivatives became available. It has come back into use in combination with the artemisinin derivative [DB11638] as part of the combination product Eurartesim. Eurartesim was first authorized for market by the European Medicines Agency in October 2011."]], ["Efaproxiral", "CC1=CC(=CC(=C1)NC(=O)CC2=CC=C(C=C2)OC(C)(C)C(=O)O)C", ["Efaproxiral is a synthetic small molecule with radiosensitizing activity.  Efaproxiral increases oxygen levels in hypoxic tumor tissues by binding non-covalently to the hemoglobin tetramer and decreasing hemoglobin-oxygen binding affinity.  Increasing tumor oxygenation reduces tumor radioresistance. (NCI04)"]], ["Benzyl trisulfide", "C1=CC=C(C=C1)CSSSCC2=CC=CC=C2", ["Benzyl trisulfide is a natural product found in Petiveria alliacea with data available."]], ["Methylene", "[CH2]", ["Methanediyl is a carbene."]], ["Plumbane", "[PbH4]", ["Plumbane is a mononuclear parent hydride and a lead hydride.", "Plumbane is a hydride of lead. Lead is a heavy metal and stable element with the symbol Pb and the atomic number 82, existing in metallic, organic, and inorganic forms. It is mainly found in nature as the mineral galena (PbS), cerussite (PbCO3) or anglesite (PbSO4), usually in ore with zinc, silver, or copper. (L21)"]], ["Tetraphosphorus", "P12P3P1P23", ["Tetraphosphorus is a member of tetraatomic phosphorus.", "White phosphorus is a colorless, white, or yellow waxy solid with a garlic-like odor. It does not occur naturally, but is manufactured from phosphate rocks. White phosphorus reacts rapidly with oxygen, easily catching fire at temperatures 10 to 15 degrees above room temperature. White phosphorus is used by the military in various types of ammunition, and to produce smoke for concealing troop movements and identifying targets. It is also used by industry to produce phosphoric acid and other chemicals for use in fertilizers, food additives, and cleaning compounds. Small amounts of white phosphorus were used in the past in pesticides and fireworks. Exposure to white phosphorus may come through working at a facility where white phosphorus is manufactured, breathing contaminated air near a facility that is using white phosphorus, eating contaminated fish or game birds or drinking or swimming in water that has been contaminated with white phosphorus, or touching soil contaminated with white phosphorus. Little information is available about the health effects that may be caused by white phosphorus. Most of what is known about the effects of breathing white phosphorus is from studies of workers. Most of what is known about the effects of eating white phosphorus is from reports of people eating rat poison or fireworks that contained it. Breathing white phosphorus for short periods may cause coughing and irritation of the throat and lungs. Breathing white phosphorus for long periods may cause a condition known as 'phossy jaw' which involves poor wound healing of the mouth and breakdown of the jaw bone. Eating or drinking small amounts of white phosphorus may cause liver, heart, or kidney damage, vomiting, stomach cramps, drowsiness, or death. The effects of chronic ingestion are unknown. Skin contact with burning white phosphorus may burn skin or cause liver, heart, and kidney damage. It is not known whether white phosphorus affects fertility or causes birth defects. There are no studies linking white phosphorus to cancer in humans or animals. (L2077)", "A non-metal element that has the atomic symbol P, atomic number 15, and atomic weight 31. It is an essential element that takes part in a broad variety of biochemical reactions."]], ["Levalbuterol", "CC(C)(C)NC[C@@H](C1=CC(=C(C=C1)O)CO)O", ["(R)-salbutamol is an albuterol.", "Levosalbutamol, or levalbuterol, is a short-acting \u03b22 adrenergic receptor agonist used in the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).  [Salbutamol] has been marketed as a racemic mixture, although beta2-agonist activity resides almost exclusively in the (R)-enantiomer. The enantioselective disposition of salbutamol and the possibility that (S)-salbutamol has adverse effects have led to the development of an enantiomerically pure (R)-salbutamol formulation known as levosalbutamol (levalbuterol).", "Levalbuterol is a beta2-Adrenergic Agonist. The mechanism of action of levalbuterol is as an Adrenergic beta2-Agonist.", "Levalbuterol is a short-acting sympathomimetic beta-2 adrenergic receptor agonist with bronchodilator activity. Levalbuterol binds to beta-2 adrenergic receptors in bronchial smooth muscle and activates intracellular adenyl cyclase, an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to cyclic-3',5'-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). Increased cAMP levels lead to the activation of protein kinase A, which inhibits the phosphorylation of myosin and lowers intracellular ionic calcium concentrations, resulting in relaxation of bronchial smooth muscles. The increased cAMP concentrations also inhibit the release of inflammatory mediators, especially from mast cells.", "The R-isomer of albuterol."]], ["Almotriptan", "CN(C)CCC1=CNC2=C1C=C(C=C2)CS(=O)(=O)N3CCCC3", ["Almotriptan is an indole compound having a 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl group at the 3-position and a (pyrrolidin-1-ylsulfonyl)methyl group at the 5-position. It has a role as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, a serotonergic agonist and a vasoconstrictor agent. It is a member of indoles, a sulfonamide and a tertiary amine.", "Almotriptan is a triptan drug for the treatment of migraine headaches. Almotriptan is in a class of medications called selective serotonin receptor agonists. It works by narrowing blood vessels in the brain, stopping pain signals from being sent to the brain, and stopping the release of certain natural substances that cause pain, nausea, and other symptoms of migraine. Almotriptan does not prevent migraine attacks.", "Almotriptan is a Serotonin-1b and Serotonin-1d Receptor Agonist. The mechanism of action of almotriptan is as a Serotonin 1b Receptor Agonist, and Serotonin 1d Receptor Agonist.", "Almotriptan is a sulfonamide triptan with extracerebral, intracranial vasoconstrictor activity. Almotriptan selectively binds to and activates serotonin 5-HT 1B and 1D receptors in the central nervous system (CNS), thereby causing extracerebral, intracranial blood vessel constriction. This may lead to pain relief from vascular headaches. Almotriptan may also relieve vascular headaches by preventing the release of vasoactive neuropeptides from perivascular trigeminal axons in the dura mater during a migraine, by reducing extravasation of plasma proteins, and by decreasing the release of other mediators of inflammation from the trigeminal nerve.", "Almotriptan is a triptan drug for the treatment of migraine headaches. Almotriptan is in a class of medications called selective serotonin receptor agonists. It works by narrowing blood vessels in the brain, stopping pain signals from being sent to the brain, and stopping the release of certain natural substances that cause pain, nausea, and other symptoms of migraine. Almotriptan does not prevent migraine attacks."]], ["5-Aminolevulinic acid hydrochloride", "C(CC(=O)O)C(=O)CN.Cl", ["5-aminolevulinic acid hydrochloride is a hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride of 5-aminolevulinic acid. It is metabolised to protoporphyrin IX, a photoactive compound which accumulates in the skin. Used in combination with blue light illumination for the treatment of minimally to moderately thick actinic keratosis of the face or scalp. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent, a photosensitizing agent, a dermatologic drug and a prodrug. It contains a 5-ammoniolevulinic acid.", "Aminolevulinic Acid Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of aminolevulinic acid, an aminoketone, used for local photosensitizing therapy. Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is a metabolic pro-drug that is converted into the photosensitizer protoporphyrin IX (PpIX), which accumulates intracellularly. Upon exposure to light of appropriate wavelength (red, or blue), PpIX catalyzes oxygen to singlet oxygen, an intracellular toxin, which can further react to form superoxide and hydroxyl radicals. This leads to cellular cytotoxic effects.", "A compound produced from succinyl-CoA and GLYCINE as an intermediate in heme synthesis. It is used as a PHOTOCHEMOTHERAPY for actinic KERATOSIS."]], ["CID 123623", "CCC(C)CC(C)CCCCCCCCC(=O)N[C@H]1C[C@@H]([C@H](NC(=O)C2[C@H](CCN2C(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H]3C[C@H](CN3C(=O)[C@@H](NC1=O)[C@@H](C)O)O)[C@@H]([C@H](C4=CC=C(C=C4)O)O)O)[C@@H](CCN)O)O)NCCN)O.CC(=O)O.CC(=O)O", ["Caspofungin Acetate is the acetate salt of an antimycotic echinocandin lipopeptide, semisynthetically derived from a fermentation product of the fungus Glarea lozoyensis. Caspofungin inhibits 1,3-beta-glucan synthase, resulting in decreased synthesis of beta(1,3)-D-glucan (an essential component of the fungal cell wall), weakening of the fungal cell wall, and fungal cell wall rupture. This agent is active against Aspergillus and Candida species.", "A cyclic lipopeptide echinocandin and beta-(1,3)-D-glucan synthase inhibitor that is used to treat internal or systemic MYCOSES."]], ["Glufosfamide", "C(CCl)NP(=O)(NCCCl)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O1)CO)O)O)O", ["Glufosfamide is a compound consisting of the mustard agent ifosforamide conjugated to glucose, with potential alkylating activity. Glufosfamide is cleaved by glucosidases in tumor cells and forms ifosforamide. In turn, ifosforamide alkylates and forms DNA crosslinks, thereby inhibiting DNA replication and subsequent cell growth. The glucose moiety may enhance this agent's uptake by tumor cells."]], ["Lofentanyl", "CCC(=O)N(C1=CC=CC=C1)C2(CCN(CC2C)CCC3=CC=CC=C3)C(=O)OC", ["Lofentanyl is the carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of methyl 4-anilino-3-methyl-1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidine-4-carboxylate with propanoic acid. It has a role as a mu-opioid receptor agonist and an opioid analgesic. It is a member of piperidines, a methyl ester, a tertiary amino compound and a tertiary carboxamide."]], ["IB-Meca", "CNC(=O)[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O1)N2C=NC3=C(N=CN=C32)NCC4=CC(=CC=C4)I)O)O", ["3-iodobenzyl-5'-N-methylcarboxamidoadenosine is a derivative of adenosine in which the 5'-hydroxymethyl group is replaced by N-ethylcarboxamido and one of the hydrogens of the exocyclic amino function is substituted by a 3-iodobenzyl group. It has a role as an adenosine A3 receptor agonist. It is a member of adenosines, an organoiodine compound and a monocarboxylic acid amide. It is functionally related to an adenosine.", "CF 101 (known generically as IB-MECA) is an anti-inflammatory drug for rheumatoid arthritis patients. Its novel mechanism of action relies on antagonism of adenoside A3 receptors.  CF101 is supplied as an oral drug and has an excellent safety profile. It is also being considered for the treatment of other autoimmune-inflammatory disorders, such as Crohn's disease, psorasis and dry eye syndrome.", "Piclidenoson is an orally bioavailable, adenosine A3 receptor (A3AR) agonist with potential anti-inflammatory activity. Upon administration, piclidenoson selectively targets, binds to and activates the cell surface-expressed A3AR, thereby activating transduction pathways in which A3AR plays a key role. This inhibits nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB) signaling and inhibits inflammatory cytokine production, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and several interleukins. A3AR, a G protein-coupled receptor, plays a key role in many inflammatory diseases, and in certain types of cancer."]], ["Eperisone hydrochloride", "CCC1=CC=C(C=C1)C(=O)C(C)CN2CCCCC2.Cl", ["Eperisone hydrochloride is an aromatic ketone."]], ["Chlorophyllin A", "[H+].[H+].[H+].CCC1=C(C2=CC3=NC(=CC4=NC(=C(C5=NC(=C(C5=C([O-])[O-])C)C=C1[N-]2)CC(=O)[O-])C(C4C)CCC(=O)[O-])C(=C3C=C)C)C.[Mg+2]", ["Chlorophyllin is a sodium/copper derivative of chlorophyll. It is used as a food coloring agent and it some pharmaceutical products for treatment and odor control of wounds, injuries, and other skin conditions. Copper is a chemical element with the symbol Cu and atomic number 29. Copper is an essential elements in plants and animals as it is required for the normal functioning of more than 30 enzymes. It occurs naturally throughout the environment in rocks, soil, water, and air. (L277, L278, L285)"]], ["Technetium Tc 99m oxidronate", "C(O)(P(=O)(O)O)P(=O)(O)O.[99Tc]", ["Technetium Tc-99m oxidronate, also known as 99mTc-methylene diphosphonate, is a radiopharmaceutical agent. A radiopharmaceutical is defined as a medicinal formulation containing radioisotopes that are used in major clinical areas for diagnosis and/or therapy. The radiopharmaceuticals based on technetium-99m are widely used for diagnostic purposes because 99mTc has a versatile chemistry which allows it to produce an extense variety of complexes with specific characteristics. These complexes are formed by the binding of 99mTc to metal atoms of an organic molecule. The group oxidronate falls into the category of diphosphonates whose structure allows them to bind to calcium. Thus, technetium Tc-99m oxidronate is a powerful detection tool for abnormal osteogenesis by skeletal scintigraphy. It was developed by Mallinkrodt nuclear and FDA approved on February 18, 1981.", "Technetium tc-99m oxidronate is a Radioactive Diagnostic Agent. The mechanism of action of technetium tc-99m oxidronate is as a Radiopharmaceutical Activity."]], ["N-acetylglucosaminylasparagine", "CC(=O)N[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O[C@H]1NC(=O)C[C@@H](C(=O)O)N)CO)O)O", ["N(4)-(beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-L-asparagine is an N(4)-glycosyl-L-asparagine having (beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl as the glycosyl component. It is a N(4)-glycosyl-L-asparagine and a glucosaminylamine. It is a tautomer of a N(4)-(beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-L-asparagine zwitterion."]], ["Hydroxycitric acid", "C(C(=O)O)C(C(C(=O)O)O)(C(=O)O)O", ["Hydroxycitric acid is a carbonyl compound.", "Hydroxycitric acid is a natural product found in Garcinia atroviridis, Garcinia cowa, and Hibiscus sabdariffa with data available."]], ["Pristanic acid", "CC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)C(=O)O", ["Pristanic acid is a branched, long-chain saturated fatty acid composed of pentadecanoic acid having methyl substituents at the 2-, 6-, 10- and 14-positions. It has a role as a human metabolite. It is a branched-chain saturated fatty acid, a long-chain fatty acid and a methyl-branched fatty acid. It is a conjugate acid of a pristanate.", "Pristanic acid is a natural product found in Homo sapiens with data available."]], ["Azane;cyclohexanamine;platinum(4+);diacetate;dichloride", "CC(=O)[O-].CC(=O)[O-].C1CCC(CC1)N.N.[Cl-].[Cl-].[Pt+4]", ["Satraplatin is a platinum compound that is currently under investigation as one treatment of patients with advanced prostate cancer who have failed previous chemotherapy. As an investigation drug, it has not yet received U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval and is not available in retail pharmacies."]], ["27-Hydroxycholesterol", "C[C@H](CCC[C@@H](C)[C@H]1CC[C@@H]2[C@@]1(CC[C@H]3[C@H]2CC=C4[C@@]3(CC[C@@H](C4)O)C)C)CO", ["(25R)-cholest-5-ene-3beta,26-diol is a 26-hydroxycholesterol in which the 25-position has R-configuration. It has a role as an apoptosis inducer, a neuroprotective agent, a human metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is functionally related to a cholesterol.", "27-Hydroxycholesterol is an endogenous metabolite of cholesterol produced by the hydroxylation of the carbon at position 27 by the enzyme sterol 26-hydroxylase, mitochondrial (CYP27A1). Some neoplasms produce excess of 27-hydroxycholesterol (27HC) or inhibit its catabolism, and high cholesterol levels are correlated with elevated levels of 27HC; under these conditions, 27HC may have deleterious selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) and liver X receptor (LXR) agonistic activities. As a SERM, 27HC binds to and prevents the activation of estrogen receptors (ERs) in the vasculature. This prevents ER-mediated vasodilation and abrogates the cardiovascular protective effects of estrogen. However, 27HC binds to and activates ERs and LXRs in breast tissue, which stimulates ER-dependent breast cancer cell growth and metastasis."]], ["Glabridin", "CC1(C=CC2=C(O1)C=CC3=C2OC[C@H](C3)C4=C(C=C(C=C4)O)O)C", ["Glabridin is a member of the class of hydroxyisoflavans that is (R)-isoflavan substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2' and 4' and a 2,2-dimethyl-2H-pyran group across positions 7 and 8 respectively. It has a role as an antiplasmodial drug. It derives from a hydride of a (R)-isoflavan.", "Glabridin is a natural product found in Ornithopus sativus, Glycyrrhiza glabra, and other organisms with data available."]], ["Amdoxovir", "C1[C@@H](O[C@@H](O1)CO)N2C=NC3=C(N=C(N=C32)N)N", ["Amdoxovir is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor prodrug analog of guanosine."]], ["Garenoxacin", "C[C@@H]1C2=C(CN1)C=C(C=C2)C3=C(C4=C(C=C3)C(=O)C(=CN4C5CC5)C(=O)O)OC(F)F", ["Garenoxacin is a quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is 1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid that is substituted by a cyclopropyl group at position 1, an oxo group at position 4, a (1R)-1-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindol-5-yl group at position 7, and a difluoromethoxy group at position 8. It has a role as an antibacterial drug and a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. It is a quinolone antibiotic, a quinolinemonocarboxylic acid, an organofluorine compound, a member of cyclopropanes, an aromatic ether and a member of isoindoles.", "Garenoxacin, a quinolone antibiotic, is being investigated for the treatment of gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial infections."]], ["Amantadine Sulfate", "C1C2CC3CC1CC(C2)(C3)N.C1C2CC3CC1CC(C2)(C3)N.OS(=O)(=O)O", ["Amantadine sulfate is an alkylammonium sulfate salt obtained by combining amantadine and sulfuric acid in a 2:1 ratio. Used as an antiviral and antiparkinson drug. It has a role as an antiparkinson drug, an antiviral drug, a dopaminergic agent, a NMDA receptor antagonist and a non-narcotic analgesic. It contains an adamantan-1-aminium.", "Amantadine Sulfate is the sulfate salt of amantadine, a synthetic tricyclic amine with antiviral, antiparkinsonian, and antihyperalgesic activities. Amantadine appears to exert its antiviral effect against the influenza A virus by interfering with the function of the transmembrane domain of the viral M2 protein, thereby preventing the release of infectious viral nucleic acids into host cells; furthermore, this agent prevents virus assembly during virus replication. Amantadine exerts its antiparkinsonian effects by stimulating the release of dopamine from striatal dopaminergic nerve terminals and inhibiting its pre-synaptic reuptake. This agent may also exert some anticholinergic effect through inhibition of N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor-mediated stimulation of acetylcholine, resulting in antihyperalgesia.", "An antiviral that is used in the prophylactic or symptomatic treatment of influenza A. It is also used as an antiparkinsonian agent, to treat extrapyramidal reactions, and for postherpetic neuralgia. The mechanisms of its effects in movement disorders are not well understood but probably reflect an increase in synthesis and release of dopamine, with perhaps some inhibition of dopamine uptake."]], ["(s)-n-Methylsalsolinol", "C[C@H]1C2=CC(=C(C=C2CCN1C)O)O", ["(S)-N-Methylsalsolinol is a member of isoquinolines. It is functionally related to a (S)-salsolinol."]], ["2-[(1r,3s)-3-Hydroxycyclohexyl]-5-(2-methyloctan-2-yl)phenol", "CCCCCCC(C)(C)C1=CC(=C(C=C1)[C@@H]2CCC[C@@H](C2)O)O", ["Phenol, 5-(1,1-dimethylheptyl)-2-[(1r,3s)-3-hydroxycyclohexyl]- is a ring assembly and an alkylbenzene."]], ["(S)-Hexahydropyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-1,4-dione", "C1C[C@H]2C(=O)NCC(=O)N2C1", ["(S)-Hexahydropyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-1,4-dione is a natural product found in Rattus norvegicus, Coffea arabica, and other organisms with data available."]], ["Lestaurtinib", "C[C@@]12[C@](C[C@@H](O1)N3C4=CC=CC=C4C5=C6C(=C7C8=CC=CC=C8N2C7=C53)CNC6=O)(CO)O", ["LSM-1231 is an indolocarbazole.", "Lestaurtinib is an orally bioavailable indolocarbazole derivative with antineoplastic properties. Lestaurtinib inhibits autophosphorylation of FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3), resulting in inhibition of FLT3 activity and induction of apoptosis in tumor cells that overexpress FLT3. (NCI05)"]], ["n-Ribosylhistidine", "C1=C(N=CN1[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O2)CO)O)O)C[C@@H](C(=O)O)N", ["N-Ribosylhistidine is a glyco-amino acid."]], ["Reboxetine", "CCOC1=CC=CC=C1O[C@@H]([C@H]2CNCCO2)C3=CC=CC=C3", ["Reboxetine is an aromatic ether.", "Reboxetine is an antidepressant drug used in the treatment of clinical depression, panic disorder and ADD/ADHD. Its mesylate (i.e. methanesulfonate) salt is sold under tradenames including Edronax, Norebox, Prolift, Solvex, Davedax or Vestra. Reboxetine has two chiral centers, but it only exists as two enantiomers, (R,R)-(-)- and (S,S)-(+)-reboxetine.", "A morpholine derivative that is a selective and potent noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor; it is used in the treatment of DEPRESSIVE DISORDER."]], ["Cantharidin methylimide", "C[C@@]12[C@H]3CC[C@@H]([C@@]1(C(=O)N(C2=O)C)C)O3", ["Methylcantharidimide is an orally bioavailable derivative of the terpenoid cantharidin, which is a natural toxin extracted from blister beetles, with potential antineoplastic activity. Although the exact mechanism of action through which methylcantharidimide exerts its effect has yet to be fully elucidated, this agent, upon oral administration, may exert a direct tumor cell killing effect in susceptible tumor cells."]], ["Isoursodeoxycholic acid", "C[C@H](CCC(=O)O)[C@H]1CC[C@@H]2[C@@]1(CC[C@H]3[C@H]2[C@H](C[C@H]4[C@@]3(CC[C@@H](C4)O)C)O)C", ["Isoursodeoxycholic acid is a dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid that is (5beta)-cholan-24-oic acid substituted by beta-hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 7. It has a role as a human metabolite. It is a conjugate acid of an isoursodeoxycholate."]], ["N-(5-(2,3-Dihydrobenzofuryl)sulfonyl)-N'-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea", "C1COC2=C1C=C(C=C2)S(=O)(=O)NC(=O)NC3=CC(=C(C=C3)Cl)Cl", ["ILX-295501 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Ovarian Cancer, Metastatic Cancer, Fallopian Tube Cancer, and Primary Peritoneal Cavity Cancer.", "Diarylsulfonylurea Compound ILX-295501 is iLX-295501 is a novel sulfonylurea compound that has demonstrated in-vivo antitumor activity against a broad spectrum of solid tumors."]], ["Levodopa-4'-monophosphate", "C1=CC(=C(C=C1C[C@@H](C(=O)O)N)O)OP(=O)(O)O", ["Foslevodopa is an L-tyrosine derivative that is L-dopa in which the hydroxy group at position 4' is replaced by a phosphonooxy group. It is a water-soluble prodrug of levodopa which is used for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. It has a role as an antiparkinson drug and a prodrug. It is a L-tyrosine derivative, a non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid and an O-phosphoamino acid. It is functionally related to a L-dopa.", "Foslevodopa is under investigation in clinical trial NCT04750226 (Study to Assess Adverse Events and Change in Disease Activity of 24-hour Continuous Subcutaneous Infusion of ABBV-951 in Adult Participants With Advanced Parkinson's Disease)."]], ["Tezampanel", "C1C[C@H]2CN[C@@H](C[C@H]2C[C@H]1CCC3=NNN=N3)C(=O)O", ["Tezampanel is an AMPA receptor antagonist."]], ["Ragaglitazar", "CCO[C@H](CC1=CC=C(C=C1)OCCN2C3=CC=CC=C3OC4=CC=CC=C42)C(=O)O", ["Ragaglitazar is a dual peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) alpha and gamma agonist with hypoglycemic activity. Ragaglitazar reduces blood pressure (BP) and improves endothelial function in antihypertensive studies."]], ["Xaliproden", "C1CN(CC=C1C2=CC(=CC=C2)C(F)(F)F)CCC3=CC4=CC=CC=C4C=C3", ["Xaliproden is a tetrahydropyridine that is 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine which is substituted on the nitrogen by a 2-(2-naphthyl)ethyl group and at position 4 by a m-trifluoromethylphenyl group. It has a role as a serotonergic agonist. It is a tertiary amino compound, a tetrahydropyridine, a member of naphthalenes and a member of (trifluoromethyl)benzenes."]], ["Tamsulosin", "CCOC1=CC=CC=C1OCCN[C@H](C)CC2=CC(=C(C=C2)OC)S(=O)(=O)N", ["Tamsulosin is a 5-(2-{[2-(2-ethoxyphenoxy)ethyl]amino}propyl)-2-methoxybenzenesulfonamide that has (R)-configuration. A specific alpha1 adrenoceptor antagonist used (generally as its hydrochloride salt, tamsulosin hydrochloride) in the treatment of prostatic hyperplasia, chronic prostatitis, urinary retention, and help with the passage of kidney stones. It has a role as an alpha-adrenergic antagonist and an antineoplastic agent. It is a conjugate base of a tamsulosin(1+). It is an enantiomer of an ent-tamsulosin.", "Tamsulosin is a selective alpha-1A and alpha-1B adrenoceptor antagonist that exerts its greatest effect in the prostate and bladder, where these receptors are most common. It is indicated for the treatment of signs and symptoms of benign prostatic hypertrophy. Antagonism of these receptors leads to relaxation of smooth muscle in the prostate and detrusor muscles in the bladder, allowing for better urinary flow. Other alpha-1 adrenoceptor antagonists developed in the 1980s were less selective and more likely to act on the smooth muscle of blood vessels, resulting in hypotension.  Tamsulosin was first approved by the FDA on April 15, 1997.", "Tamsulosin is an alpha-Adrenergic Blocker. The mechanism of action of tamsulosin is as an Adrenergic alpha-Antagonist.", "Tamsulosin is a selective alpha-1a adrenergic antagonist used in the therapy of benign prostatic hypertrophy. Tamsulosin therapy is associated with a low rate of serum aminotransferase elevations, but clinically apparent acute liver injury due to tamsulosin is very rare.", "A sulfonamide derivative and adrenergic alpha-1 receptor antagonist that is used to relieve symptoms of urinary obstruction caused by BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA."]], ["Rufinamide", "C1=CC(=C(C(=C1)F)CN2C=C(N=N2)C(=O)N)F", ["Rufinamide is a heteroarene and an aromatic amide.", "Rufinamide is a triazole derivative and an anticonvulsant medication to treat seizure disorders like Lennox-Gastuat syndrome, a form of childhood epilepsy. Clinical trials suggest its efficacy in the treatment of partial seizures.", "Rufinamide is a unique anticonvulsant that is used in combination with other agents as therapy of severe forms of seizure disorders. Rufinamide therapy is associated with a low rate of transient serum enzyme elevations and with rare instances of clinically apparent liver injury."]], ["1-Myristoyl-2-palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["1-myristoyl-2-palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is a phosphatidylcholine 30:0 in which the phosphatidyl acyl groups at positions 1 and 2 are myristoyl (tetradecanoyl) and palmitoyl (hexadecanoyl) respectively. It has a role as a mouse metabolite. It is a phosphatidylcholine 30:0, a tetradecanoate ester and a 1-acyl-2-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.", "PC(14:0/16:0) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["8-Dehydrocholesterol", "C[C@H](CCCC(C)C)[C@H]1CC[C@@H]2[C@@]1(CCC3=C2CC=C4[C@@]3(CC[C@@H](C4)O)C)C", ["8-Dehydrocholesterol is a steroid."]], ["Atiprimod", "CCCC1(CCC2(CC1)CCN(C2)CCCN(CC)CC)CCC", ["Atiprimod is an orally bioavailable small molecule belonging to the azaspirane class of cationic amphiphilic agents with anti-inflammatory, antineoplastic, and antiangiogenic properties. Atiprimod inhibits the phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), blocking the signalling pathways of interleukin-6 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and downregulating the anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, and Mcl-1, thereby inhibiting cell proliferation, inducing cell cycle arrest, and inducing apoptosis."]], ["4,4-Dimethyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2-benzoselenazine", "CC1(CN[Se]C2=CC=CC=C21)C", ["An organoselenium drug previously studied by Oxis International in Phase-II clinical trials for ulcerative colitis patients. Some indications of efficacy were demonstrated. BXT-51072 has enthusiastic endorsement for treatment in cardiovascular indications, primarily because of its ability to mimic the function of glutathione peroxidase."]], ["Olmesartan medoxomil", "CCCC1=NC(=C(N1CC2=CC=C(C=C2)C3=CC=CC=C3C4=NNN=N4)C(=O)OCC5=C(OC(=O)O5)C)C(C)(C)O", ["Olmesartan medoxomil is a member of biphenyls.", "Olmesartan Medoxomil is a synthetic imidazole derivative prodrug with an antihypertensive property. Upon hydrolysis, olmesartan medoxomil is converted to olmesartan. Olmesartan selectively binds to the angiotensin type 1 (AT1) receptor of angiotensin II in vascular smooth muscle and adrenal gland, thereby competing angiotensin II binding to the receptor. This prevents angiotensin II-induced vasoconstriction and decreases aldosterone production, thereby preventing aldosterone-stimulated sodium retention and potassium excretion.", "An ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKER that is used to manage HYPERTENSION."]], ["Arbidol", "CCOC(=O)C1=C(N(C2=CC(=C(C(=C21)CN(C)C)O)Br)C)CSC3=CC=CC=C3", ["Umifenovir is an indolyl carboxylic acid.", "Umifenovir is an indole-based, hydrophobic, dual-acting direct antiviral/host-targeting agent used for the treatment and prophylaxis of influenza and other respiratory infections. It has been in use in Russia for approximately 25 years and in China since 2006. Its invention is credited to a collaboration between Russian scientists from several research institutes 40-50 years ago, and reports of its chemical synthesis date back to 1993. Umifenovir's ability to exert antiviral effects through multiple pathways has resulted in considerable investigation into its use for a variety of enveloped and non-enveloped RNA and DNA viruses, including Flavivirus, Zika virus, foot-and-mouth disease, Lassa virus, Ebola virus, herpes simplex,, hepatitis B and C viruses, chikungunya virus, reovirus, Hantaan virus, and coxsackie virus B5. This dual activity may also confer additional protection against viral resistance, as the development of resistance to umifenovir does not appear to be significant.  Umifenovir is currently being investigated as a potential treatment and prophylactic agent for COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV2 infections in combination with both currently available and investigational HIV therapies.", "Umifenovir is an orally bioavailable indole derivative, with broad-spectrum antiviral and potential anti-inflammatory activities. Upon oral administration, umifenovir inhibits the fusion of the viral envelope with host cell membrane, thereby blocking the entry of virus into host cells and preventing viral infection and replication. Umifenovir may also suppress the expression of the cytokines interleukin-1beta (IL-1b), IL-6, IL-12 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a) and promote the expression of IL-10. This may reduce inflammation."]], ["Fosamprenavir calcium", "CC(C)CN(C[C@H]([C@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)NC(=O)O[C@H]2CCOC2)OP(=O)([O-])[O-])S(=O)(=O)C3=CC=C(C=C3)N.[Ca+2]", ["Fosamprenavir (brand name: Lexiva) is a prescription medicine approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of HIV infection in adults and children. Fosamprenavir is always used in combination with other HIV medicines.", "Fosamprenavir Calcium is the calcium salt form of fosamprenavir, prodrug of amprenavir, and a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) protease inhibitor with antiviral property. Fosamprenavir is converted to amprenavir by cellular phosphatases in the epithelial cells of the intestine. Then amprenavir binds to the active site of HIV-1 protease, thereby preventing the proteolytic cleavage of viral Gag-Pol polypeptide into individual functional proteins, thereby leading to the formation of immature non-infectious viral particles."]], ["Fosamprenavir", "CC(C)CN(C[C@H]([C@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)NC(=O)O[C@H]2CCOC2)OP(=O)(O)O)S(=O)(=O)C3=CC=C(C=C3)N", ["Fosamprenavir is a sulfonamide with a structure based on that of sulfanilamide substituted on the sulfonamide nitrogen by a (2R,3S)-4-phenyl-2-(phosphonooxy)-3-({[(3S)-tetrahydrofuran-3-yloxy]carbonyl}amino)butyl group. It is a pro-drug of the HIV protease inhibitor and antiretroviral drug amprenavir. It has a role as a prodrug. It is functionally related to a sulfanilamide.", "Fosamprenavir (brand name: Lexiva) is a prescription medicine approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of HIV infection in adults and children. Fosamprenavir is always used in combination with other HIV medicines.", "Fosamprenavir is a prodrug of amprenavir, an inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) protease.", "Fosamprenavir is a Protease Inhibitor. The mechanism of action of fosamprenavir is as a HIV Protease Inhibitor.", "Fosamprenavir is a prodrug form of amprenavir. In the body fosamprenavir is metabolized to amprenavir, a synthetic derivative of hydroxyethylamine sulfonamide that selectively binds to and inhibits human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) protease."]], ["Pagoclone", "CC(C)CCC(=O)CC1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)N1C3=NC4=C(C=C3)C=CC(=N4)Cl", ["Pagoclone is an anxiolytic drug from the cyclopyrrolone family, which is related to other more well known drugs such as the sleeping medication zopiclone. It is one of a relatively recently developed class of medicines known as the nonbenzodiazepines, which have similar effects to the older benzodiazepine group, but with quite different chemical structures."]], ["Forasartan", "CCCCC1=NN(C(=N1)CCCC)CC2=CN=C(C=C2)C3=CC=CC=C3C4=NNN=N4", ["Forasartan is a member of the class of pyridines that is pyridine which is substituted at positions 2 and 5 by o-(tetrazol-5-yl)phenyl and (3,5-dibutyl-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)methyl groups, respectively. It is a nonpeptide antagonist of angiotensin II, type 1 (AT1) receptors, used for the treatment of hypertension. It has a role as an angiotensin receptor antagonist and an antihypertensive agent. It is a member of tetrazoles, a member of pyridines, a member of triazoles and a member of benzenes.", "Forasartan, a specific angiotensin II antagonist, is used alone or with other antihypertensive agents to treat hypertension. Forasartan competes with angiotensin II for binding at the AT1 receptor subtype. As angiotensin II is a vasoconstrictor which also stimulates the synthesis and release of aldosterone, blockage of its effects results in a decreases in systemic vascular resistance.", "Forasartan is a nonpeptide angiotensin II receptor antagonist with antihypertensive activity. Forasartan selectively competes with angiotensin II for the binding of the angiotensin II (AT1) receptor subtype 1 in vascular smooth muscle, thereby blocking angiotensin II-mediated vasoconstriction resulting in vascular dilatation. In addition, the antagonistic effect on AT1 in the adrenal gland, prevents angiotensin II-induced stimulation of aldosterone synthesis and secretion by the adrenal cortex. This blocks the effects of aldosterone leading to an increase in sodium excretion and water and eventually a reduction in plasma volume and blood pressure."]], ["Ivabradine", "CN(CCCN1CCC2=CC(=C(C=C2CC1=O)OC)OC)C[C@H]3CC4=CC(=C(C=C34)OC)OC", ["Ivabradine is a member of the class of benzazepines that is 7,8-dimethoxy-1,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-benzazepin-2-one in which the amide hydrogen is replaced by a [{[(7S)-3,4-dimethoxybicyclo[4.2.0]octa-1,3,5-trien-7-yl]methyl}(methyl)amino]propyl} group. Used (as its hydrochloride salt) to treat patients with angina who have intolerance to beta blockers and/or heart failure. It has a role as a cardiotonic drug. It is a benzazepine, a tertiary amino compound, a carbobicyclic compound and an aromatic ether. It is a conjugate base of an ivabradine(1+).", "Ivabradine is a novel heart rate lowering medicine for the symptomatic management of stable angina pectoralis and symptomatic chronic heart failure.  Ivabradine, brand name Corlanor, was approved by the FDA in April 2015 for the treatment of chronic heart failure in patients with an ejection fraction of \u00e2\u2030\u00a435%, in sinus rhythm with resting heart rate \u00e2\u2030\u00a570 beats per minute, who are not on beta-blockers due to contraindications or already receiving maximum beta-blocker dose. Recently a new indication was added to treat symptomatic heart failure from dilated cardiomyopathy for patients 6 months or more in age. Ivabradine acts by selectively inhibiting the \"funny\" channel pacemaker current (If) in the sinoatrial node in a dose-dependent fashion, resulting in a lower heart rate and thus more blood to flow to the myocardium. Although non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers and beta blockers also effectively lower heart rate, they exhibit adverse events due to their negative ionotropic effects. Therefore, as ivabradine is designed as a \"pure\" heart rate-lowering drug by selectively acting on the If channels, it may offer a more favorable side effect profile due to its lower likelihood of causing serious adverse effects.", "Ivabradine is a Hyperpolarization-activated Cyclic Nucleotide-gated Channel Blocker. The mechanism of action of ivabradine is as a Hyperpolarization-activated Cyclic Nucleotide-gated Channel Antagonist.", "Ivabradine is a small molecule inhibitor of the If ion channel which is used to decrease the heart rate in patients with symptomatic heart failure who have a resting heart rate above 70 beats per minute despite optimal doses or intolerance of beta blockers. Ivabradine has not been associated with serum enzyme elevations during therapy or with instances of clinically apparent liver injury.", "Ivabradine is an orally bioavailable, hyperpolarization-activated, cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channel blocker, with negative chronotropic activity. Upon administration, ivabradine selectively binds to the intracellular portion of the HCN channel pore and blocks HCN channels in the pacemaker cells within the sinoatrial (SA) node. This inhibits the If (funny) pacemaker ion current, prevents the inward flow and intracellular accumulation of positively charged ions, reduces pacemaker activity and slows diastolic depolarization. This decreases heart rate, reduces myocardial oxygen demand and allows more time for blood to flow to the myocardium without affecting cardiac contractility. HCN channels, mixed sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) channels that carry the inward If current, play a key role in the regulation of pacemaker firing rate in the SA node. The If pacemaker current, the inward flow of positively charged Na+-K+ ions, initiates the spontaneous diastolic depolarization phase and modulating heart rate.", "A benzazepine derivative and selective HYPERPOLARIZATION-ACTIVATED CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE-GATED CHANNELS inhibitor that lowers the heart rate. It is used in the treatment of CHRONIC STABLE ANGINA in patients unable to take BETA-ADRENERGIC BLOCKERS, and in the treatment of HEART FAILURE."]], ["Methyl 2,11-bis[(ethylsulfanyl)methyl]-15-hydroxy-8-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-13H-5,8-epoxy-4b,8a,14-triazadibenzo[b,h]cycloocta[1,2,3,4-jkl]cyclopenta[e]-as-indacene-7-carboperoxoate", "CCSCC1=CC2=C(C=C1)N3[C@@H]4C[C@@H]([C@](O4)(N5C6=C(C=C(C=C6)CSCC)C7=C8CNC(=O)C8=C2C3=C75)C)C(=O)OOC", ["CEP-1347 is a semi-synthetic compound shown to protect multiple nerve cell types from a variety of insults leading to programmed cell death (apoptosis) which could improve the survival of dopamine neurons prior to and after transplantation."]], ["N-(alpha-Ethylbenzyl)-3-hydroxy-2-phenylquinoline-4-carboxamide", "CCC(C1=CC=CC=C1)NC(=O)C2=C(C(=NC3=CC=CC=C32)C4=CC=CC=C4)O", ["Talnetant (SB-223,412) is a neurokinin 3 receptor antagonist developed by GlaxoSmithKline, which is being researched for several different functions, primarily for irritable bowel syndrome and as a potential antipsychotic drug for the treatment of schizophrenia."]], ["N-Desethyloxybutynin", "CCNCC#CCOC(=O)C(C1CCCCC1)(C2=CC=CC=C2)O", ["N-desethyloxybutynin is a member of benzenes."]], ["Fluasterone", "C[C@]12CCCCC1=CC[C@@H]3[C@@H]2CC[C@]4([C@H]3C[C@H](C4=O)F)C", ["Has antiproliferative effects on HIV-1 and reduces HIV-1 replication."]], ["7-Oxo-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid", "C1C=C(N2C1CC2=O)C(=O)O", ["7-Oxo-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid is a natural product found in Streptomyces cattleya with data available."]], ["Benzodiazepine", "C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C=CC=NN2", ["Benzodiazepine is under investigation for the prevention of Delirium and C.Surgical Procedure; Cardiac. Benzodiazepine has been investigated for the treatment of Obesity, Sleep Apnea, Obstructive, and Disorders of Gallbladder, Biliary Tract and Pancrease.", "Benzodiazepine is drugs from this chemical class are used for their central nervous system depressant properties including sedation, facilitation of sleep, seizure control, general anesthesia, anxiolytic, amnestic, and for detoxification from similar (cross tolerant) drugs", "A group of two-ring heterocyclic compounds consisting of a benzene ring fused to a diazepine ring."]], ["Magnesium acetate tetrahydrate", "CC(=O)[O-].CC(=O)[O-].O.O.O.O.[Mg+2]", ["Magnesium acetate tetrahydrate is a hydrated form of anhydrous magnesium acetate salt with the chemical formula of Mg(CH3COO)2 \u2022 4H2O. As a salt form of magnesium, magnesium acetate is one of the bioavailable forms of magnesium and forms a very water soluble compound. Magnesium is an essential element and second most abundant cation in the body that plays a key role in maintaining normal cellular function such as production of ATP and efficient enzyme activity. Magnesium acetate tetrahydrate can be used as an electrolyte supplementation or a reagent in molecular biology experiments.", "Magnesium Acetate Tetrahydrate is the hydrated acetate salt form of magnesium. Magnesium is a divalent cation essential for a number of biochemical processes involved in nerve signaling, bone mineralization and muscle contractions. About 350 enzymes involved in glycolysis and the Krebs cycle, formation of cyclic-AMP and ATP, cellular signal transduction and protein and nucleic acid synthesis are dependent on magnesium."]], ["Propanediol", "CCC(O)O", ["See also: Bis-octyldodecyl dimer dilinoleate/propanediol copolymer (monomer of); Dilinoleic acid/propanediol copolymer (monomer of)."]], ["Iodide ion I-123", "[123I-]", ["Iodide I-123 (as sodium Iodide I-123) is a radioactive isotope of iodine used in nuclear medicine for the diagnostic study of thyroid disease. Following oral administration, I-123 is absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract and is taken up by the thyroid gland. After incorporation, a gamma camera is used to detect the decay by electron capture to tellurium-123.  Iodine is commonly used in thyroid function diagnostic tests as this gland normally absorbs iodine through the diet for formation of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and its prohormone, thyroxine (T4). Radioactive I-123 in particular is effective for this use as its half-life of approximately 13.13 h (hours) is ideal for the 24-h (hour) iodine uptake test and it has a reduced radiation burden as compared to I-131."]], ["Iobenguane I 123", "C1=CC(=CC(=C1)[123I])CN=C(N)N", ["Iobenguane (123I) is an organoiodine compound.", "Iobenguane I-123 is an iodine (I) 123 labeled aralkylguanidine norepinephrine analogue used as a diagnostic imaging tracer. Iobenguane, structurally related to norepinephrine, functioning as a false substrate of norepinephrine, and is taken up and localized in the granules of pre-synaptic adrenergic neurons. When labeled with I-123, this agent is useful for the imaging of neuroendocrine tissues and tumors."]], ["4-Androstenediol", "C[C@]12CC[C@H]3[C@H]([C@@H]1CC[C@@H]2O)CCC4=C[C@H](CC[C@]34C)O", ["4-Androstenediol is a 3-hydroxy steroid. It has a role as an androgen.", "4-Androstenediol is a natural product found in Homo sapiens with data available."]], ["Aggrenox", "CC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)O.C1CCN(CC1)C2=NC(=NC3=C2N=C(N=C3N4CCCCC4)N(CCO)CCO)N(CCO)CCO", ["A drug combination of aspirin and dipyridamole that functions as a PLATELET AGGREGATION INHIBITOR, used to prevent THROMBOSIS and STROKE in TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACK patients."]], ["Penequinine", "C1CCC(C1)C(COC2CN3CCC2CC3)(C4=CC=CC=C4)O", ["Penequinine, Penehyclidine is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02644876 (Preventive Effects of Penehyclidine Hydrochloride Inhalation on Postoperative Pulmonary Complications)."]], ["Tempol", "CC1(CC(CC(N1[O])(C)C)O)C", ["4-hydroxy-TEMPO is a member of the class of aminoxyls that is TEMPO carrying a hydroxy substituent at position 4. It is a radical scavenger which exhibits anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. It has a role as a radical scavenger, a catalyst, a nephroprotective agent, an anti-inflammatory agent, a neuroprotective agent, a hepatoprotective agent, an antineoplastic agent and an apoptosis inducer. It is a member of aminoxyls and a hydroxypiperidine. It is functionally related to a TEMPO.", "Tempol has been used in trials studying the treatment of Anal Cancer.", "Topical Piperidine Nitroxide MTS-01 is a topical gel containing a cell permeable hydrophilic piperidine nitroxide with potential radioprotective and antioxidant activity. As a stable, free radical compound, MTS-01 may be able to protect cells against the damaging effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS), upon exposure to ionizing radiation and oxidative stress. The topically applied MTS-01 may protect normal tissue from radiation-induced toxicity, such as radiation dermatitis, during radiation therapy."]], ["Trifluoromethylisocyanide", "[C-]#[N+]C(F)(F)F", ["Trifluoromethylisocyanide is a chemical compound of cyanide."]], ["Flavylium", "C1=CC=C(C=C1)C2=[O+]C3=CC=CC=C3C=C2", ["Flavylium is a member of the class of chromenyliums that is chromenylium with a phenyl substituent at position 2. It is functionally related to a chromenylium.", "Flavylium is a natural product found in Callistephus chinensis and Tradescantia pallida with data available.", "Anthocyanin is a flavonoid that is a glycoside derivative of anthocyanidin. They are water-soluble plant pigments that exhibit bright coloration. Their color is dependent on the pH of the solvent; therefore, these polyphenols are used as pH indicators.", "A group of FLAVONOIDS derived from FLAVONOLS, which lack the ketone oxygen at the 4-position. They are glycosylated versions of cyanidin, pelargonidin or delphinidin. The conjugated bonds result in blue, red, and purple colors in flowers of plants."]], ["[2-[(8S,10S,11S,13S,14S,16S,17R)-9-fluoro-11-hydroxy-10,13,16-trimethyl-3-oxo-17-propanoyloxy-6,7,8,11,12,14,15,16-octahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]-2-oxoethyl] propanoate", "CCC(=O)OCC(=O)[C@]1([C@H](C[C@@H]2[C@@]1(C[C@@H](C3([C@H]2CCC4=CC(=O)C=C[C@@]43C)F)O)C)C)OC(=O)CC", ["Betamethasone Dipropionate is the 17,21-dipropionate ester of betamethasone, a synthetic glucocorticoid with metabolic, immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory actions. Betamethasone dipropionate binds to specific intracellular glucocorticoid receptors and subsequently binds to DNA to modify gene expression. The synthesis of certain anti-inflammatory proteins is induced while the synthesis of certain inflammatory mediators is inhibited.  As a result, there is an overall reduction in chronic inflammation and autoimmune reactions."]], ["Furazidine", "C1C(=O)NC(=O)N1N=CC=CC2=CC=C(O2)[N+](=O)[O-]", ["Furagin is an imidazolidine-2,4-dione that is hydantoin substituted at position 1 by a [3-(5-nitro-2-furyl)prop-2-en-1-ylidene]amino group (the configuration of the C=C and C=N bonds in the grouping that links the two heterocycles is not specified). A nitrofuran antibiotic with properties similar to nitrofurantoin, furagin is used in the treatment of urinary tract infections. It has a role as an antibacterial drug and an antiinfective agent. It is an imidazolidine-2,4-dione, a nitrofuran antibiotic, an organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic and an organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic. It is functionally related to a semicarbazide."]], ["Gianvi", "C[C@]12CCC(=O)C=C1[C@@H]3C[C@@H]3[C@@H]4[C@@H]2CC[C@]5([C@H]4[C@@H]6C[C@@H]6[C@@]57CCC(=O)O7)C.C[C@]12CC[C@H]3[C@H]([C@@H]1CC[C@]2(C#C)O)CCC4=C3C=CC(=C4)O", ["Drospirenone/Ethinyl Estradiol is a combination of two steroid sex hormones, the estrogen ethinyl estradiol and a progestin drospirenone, used for contraceptive purposes.  The combination of ethinyl estradiol with drospirenone suppresses the hypothalamic-pituitary system, leading to an inhibition of the release of gonadotropin hormones follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). The inhibition of FSH release suppresses the development of ovarian follicle. The decreased release of LH inhibits ovulation. In addition, thickening of the cervical mucus and the endometrium is promoted, thereby altering the endometrium in such a way as to discourage implantation."]], ["Docetaxel", "CC1=C2[C@H](C(=O)[C@@]3([C@H](C[C@@H]4[C@]([C@H]3[C@@H]([C@@](C2(C)C)(C[C@@H]1OC(=O)[C@@H]([C@H](C5=CC=CC=C5)NC(=O)OC(C)(C)C)O)O)OC(=O)C6=CC=CC=C6)(CO4)OC(=O)C)O)C)O", ["Docetaxel anhydrous is a tetracyclic diterpenoid that is paclitaxel with the N-benzyloxycarbonyl group replaced by N-tert-butoxycarbonyl, and the acetoxy group at position 10 replaced by a hydroxy group. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent, a photosensitizing agent and an antimalarial. It is a tetracyclic diterpenoid and a secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone. It derives from a hydride of a taxane.", "Docetaxel is a clinically well established anti-mitotic chemotherapy medication used mainly for the treatment of breast, ovarian, and non-small cell lung cancer. Docetaxel reversibly binds to tubulin with high affinity in a 1:1 stoichiometric ratio", "Docetaxel anhydrous is a Microtubule Inhibitor. The physiologic effect of docetaxel anhydrous is by means of Microtubule Inhibition.", "Docetaxel is an antineoplastic agent that has a unique mechanism of action as an inhibitor of cellular mitosis and that currently plays a central role in the therapy of many solid tumors including breast and lung cancer. Docetaxel therapy is frequently associated with serum enzyme elevations which are usually transient and mild, but more importantly has been linked to rapid onset, severe hypersensitivity reactions that can be associated with acute hepatic necrosis, liver failure and death.", "Docetaxel is a natural product found in Penicillium ubiquetum with data available.", "Docetaxel Anhydrous is the anhydrous form of docetaxel, a semisynthetic side-chain analogue of paclitaxel with antineoplastic property. Docetaxel binds specifically to the beta-tubulin subunit of microtubules and thereby antagonizes the disassembly of the microtubule proteins. This results in the persistence of aberrant microtubule structures and results in cell-cycle arrest and subsequent cell death.", "Docetaxel is a clinically well established anti-mitotic chemotherapy medication used mainly for the treatment of breast, ovarian, and non-small cell lung cancer. Docetaxel binds to microtubules reversibly with high affinity and has a maximum stoichiometry of one mole docetaxel per mole tubulin in microtubules.", "A semisynthetic analog of PACLITAXEL used in the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic BREAST NEOPLASMS and NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER."]], ["2-(1-Hexyloxyethyl)-2-devinyl pyropheophorbide-a", "CCCCCCOC(C)C1=C(C2=NC1=CC3=NC(=CC4=C(C5=C(CC(=C6[C@H]([C@@H](C(=C2)N6)C)CCC(=O)O)C5=N4)O)C)C(=C3C)CC)C", ["2-(1-Hexyloxyethyl)-2-devinyl pyropheophorbide-a is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01668823 (Photodynamic Therapy in Treating Patients With Lung Cancer).", "HPPH is a lipophilic, second-generation, chlorin-based photosensitizer. Upon intravenous administration, HPPH selectively accumulates in the cytoplasm of cancer or pre-cancerous cells. When laser light is applied, a photodynamic reaction between HPPH and oxygen occurs, resulting in the production of cytotoxic free radicals and singlet oxygen and free radical-mediated cell death. Compared to the first-generation photosensitizer porfimer sodium, HPPH shows improved pharmacokinetic properties and causes only mild skin photosensitivity which declines rapidly within a few days after administration."]], ["Irofulven", "CC1=C(C2=C(C3(CC3)[C@@](C(=O)C2=C1)(C)O)C)CO", ["Irofulven is a member of cyclohexenones.", "A novel anti-cancer compound synthesized by scientists at the University of California, San Diego more than a decade ago from toxins of the poisonous jack-o-lantern mushroom, has been granted \u201cfast track\u201d status by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) after demonstrating promise against one of the most deadly cancers.   MGI-114 (Irofulven) is currently being developed by MGI PHARMA, Inc., an emerging oncology-focused pharmaceutical company based in Minneapolis. Phase III clinical trials involving the drug have been underway since early 2001 at sites in the U.S. and Europe."]], ["Atazanavir", "CC(C)(C)[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)[C@H](CN(CC2=CC=C(C=C2)C3=CC=CC=N3)NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)(C)C)NC(=O)OC)O)NC(=O)OC", ["Atazanavir is a heavily substituted carbohydrazide that is an antiretroviral drug of the protease inhibitor (PI) class used to treat infection of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). It has a role as an antiviral drug and a HIV protease inhibitor.", "Atazanavir (brand name: Reyataz) is a prescription medicine approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of HIV infection in adults and children. Atazanavir comes in two different dosage forms: capsules and oral powder.", "Atazanavir (formerly known as BMS-232632) is an antiretroviral drug of the protease inhibitor (PI) class. Like other antiretrovirals, it is used to treat infection of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Atazanavir is distinguished from other PIs in that it can be given once-daily (rather than requiring multiple doses per day) and has lesser effects on the patient's lipid profile (the amounts of cholesterol and other fatty substances in the blood). Like other protease inhibitors, it is used only in combination with other HIV medications. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved atazanavir on June 20, 2003.", "Atazanavir is a Protease Inhibitor. The mechanism of action of atazanavir is as a HIV Protease Inhibitor, and UGT1A1 Inhibitor, and UDP Glucuronosyltransferases Inhibitor, and Cytochrome P450 3A4 Inhibitor, and Cytochrome P450 3A Inhibitor, and Cytochrome P450 2C8 Inhibitor.", "Atazanavir is an antiretroviral protease inhibitor that is used in the therapy and prevention of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) infection and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Atazanavir can cause transient and usually asymptomatic elevations in serum aminotransferase levels, mild elevations in indirect bilirubin concentration and, rarely, clinically apparent, acute liver injury. In HBV or HCV coinfected patients, highly active antiretroviral therapy with atazanavir may result of an exacerbation of the underlying chronic hepatitis B or C.", "Atazanavir is an aza-dipeptide analogue with a bis-aryl substituent on the (hydroxethyl)hydrazine moiety with activity against both wild type and mutant forms of HIV protease. Atazanavir does not elevate serum lipids, a common problem with other protease inhibitors.", "An azapeptide and HIV-PROTEASE INHIBITOR that is used in the treatment of HIV INFECTIONS and AIDS in combination with other ANTI-HIV AGENTS."]], ["Diquafosol", "C1=CN(C(=O)NC1=O)[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O2)COP(=O)(O)OP(=O)(O)OP(=O)(O)OP(=O)(O)OC[C@@H]3[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O3)N4C=CC(=O)NC4=O)O)O)O)O", ["P(1),P(4)-bis(uridin-5'-yl) tetraphosphate is a pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-tetraphosphate compound having 5'-uridinyl residues at the P(1)- and P(4)-positions. It has a role as a P2Y2 receptor agonist and a mouse metabolite. It is a pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-tetraphosphate and a uridine 5'-phosphate.", "Diquafosol is a natural product found in Bos taurus with data available."]], ["Tariquidar", "COC1=C(C=C2CN(CCC2=C1)CCC3=CC=C(C=C3)NC(=O)C4=CC(=C(C=C4NC(=O)C5=CC6=CC=CC=C6N=C5)OC)OC)OC", ["Tariquidar is a member of benzamides.", "Tariquidar is an anthranilamide derivative with multidrug resistance properties.  Tariquidar non-competitively binds to the p-glycoprotein transporter, thereby inhibiting transmembrane transport of anticancer drugs.  Inhibition of transmembrane transport may result in increased intracellular concentrations of an anticancer drug, thereby augmenting its cytotoxicity. (NCI04)"]], ["Karenitecin", "CC[C@@]1(C2=C(COC1=O)C(=O)N3CC4=C(C5=CC=CC=C5N=C4C3=C2)CC[Si](C)(C)C)O", ["Cositecan is a pyranoindolizinoquinoline.", "Cositecan is the novel camptothecin derivative which is also known as Karenitecin. It has been developed for superior oral bioavailability and increased lactone stability. It is used to treat cancer.", "Cositecan is a synthetic silicon-containing agent related to camptothecin with antineoplastic properties.  Cositecan stabilizes the cleavable complex between topoisomerase I and DNA, resulting in DNA breaks and consequently triggering apoptosis.  Because it is lipophilic, cositecan exhibits enhanced tissue penetration and bio-availability compared to water-soluble camptothecins."]], ["2-Ethyl-5-carboxypentyl phthalate", "CCC(CCCC(=O)O)COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)O", ["Mono(5-carboxy-2-ethylpentyl) phthalate is a phthalic acid monoester resulting from the formal condensation of one of the carboxy gruops of phthalic acid with the hydroxy group of 5-(hydroxymethyl)heptanoic acid. It is a urinary metabolite of diethylhexyl phthalate. It has a role as a xenobiotic."]], ["Aklavin", "CC[C@]1(C[C@@H](C2=C(C3=C(C=C2[C@H]1C(=O)OC)C(=O)C4=C(C3=O)C(=CC=C4)O)O)O[C@H]5C[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](O5)C)O)N(C)C)O", ["Aclacinomycin T is an anthracycline that is aklavinone having an alpha-L-rhodosaminyl residue attached at position 4 via a glycosidic linkage. It has a role as an antimicrobial agent, an antineoplastic agent and a metabolite. It is an anthracycline, an aminoglycoside, a deoxy hexoside, a monosaccharide derivative, a member of tetracenequinones, a methyl ester, a polyketide, a member of phenols and a tertiary alcohol. It is functionally related to an aklavinone. It is a conjugate base of an aclacinomycin T(1+). It is a tautomer of an aclacinomycin T zwitterion."]], ["3-O-Ethyl-L-ascorbic acid", "CCOC1=C(C(=O)O[C@@H]1[C@H](CO)O)O", ["3-O-Ethylascorbic acid is a butenolide."]], ["3,4-Dihydroxybutanoic acid", "C(C(CO)O)C(=O)O", ["3,4-dihydroxybutyric acid is a omega-hydroxy fatty acid that is butyric acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 4 respectively. It has a role as a human metabolite. It is a 3-hydroxy fatty acid and an omega-hydroxy-short-chain fatty acid. It is functionally related to a butyric acid.", "3,4-Dihydroxybutanoic acid is a natural product found in Crocus sativus and Homo sapiens with data available."]], ["Exatecan mesilate hydrate", "CC[C@@]1(C2=C(COC1=O)C(=O)N3CC4=C5[C@H](CCC6=C5C(=CC(=C6C)F)N=C4C3=C2)N)O.CS(=O)(=O)O.O.O", ["Exatecan mesilate hydrate is a pyranoindolizinoquinoline.", "Exatecan Mesylate is a semisynthetic, water-soluble derivative of camptothecin with antineoplastic activity. Exatecan mesylate inhibits topoisomerase I activity by stabilizing the cleavable complex between topoisomerase I and DNA and inhibiting religation of DNA breaks, thereby inhibiting DNA replication and triggering apoptotic cell death. This agent does not require enzymatic activation and exhibits greater potency than camptothecin and other camptothecin analogues. (NCI04)"]], ["Exatecan", "CC[C@@]1(C2=C(COC1=O)C(=O)N3CC4=C5[C@H](CCC6=C5C(=CC(=C6C)F)N=C4C3=C2)N)O", ["Exatecan is a pyranoindolizinoquinoline.", "Exatecan has been used in trials studying the treatment of Sarcoma, Leukemia, Lymphoma, Lung Cancer, and Liver Cancer, among others."]], ["3',4'-Dehydrovinblastine", "CCC1=C[C@H]2C[C@@](C3=C(CCN(C2)C1)C4=CC=CC=C4N3)(C5=C(C=C6C(=C5)C78CCN9[C@H]7[C@@](C=CC9)([C@H]([C@@]([C@@H]8N6C)(C(=O)OC)O)OC(=O)C)CC)OC)C(=O)OC", ["Anhydrovinblastine is a semisynthetic derivative of the vinca alkaloid vinblastine, with potential antineoplastic activity. Like vinblastine, anhydrovinblastine targets and binds to tubulin and inhibits microtubule formation, resulting in disruption of mitotic spindle assembly and causing tumor cell cycle arrest in the M phase."]], ["Lumiracoxib", "CC1=CC(=C(C=C1)NC2=C(C=CC=C2Cl)F)CC(=O)O", ["Lumiracoxib is an amino acid that is phenylacetic acid which is substituted at position 2 by the nitrogen of 2-chloro-6-fluoroaniline and at position 5 by a methyl group. A highly selective cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor, it was briefly used for the treatment of osteoarthritis, but was withdrawn due to concersns of hepatotoxicity. It has a role as a cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor and a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. It is an organofluorine compound, an organochlorine compound, an amino acid, a secondary amino compound and a monocarboxylic acid.", "Lumiracoxib is a COX-2 selective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). On August 11, 2007, Australia's Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA, the Australian equivalent of the FDA) cancelled the registration of lumiracoxib in Australia due to concerns that it may cause liver failure. New Zealand and Canada have also followed suit in recalling the drug."]], ["Cilomilast", "COC1=C(C=C(C=C1)C2(CCC(CC2)C(=O)O)C#N)OC3CCCC3", ["4-cyano-4-(3-cyclopentyloxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-1-cyclohexanecarboxylic acid is a member of methoxybenzenes.", "Cilomilast (Ariflo, SB-207,499) is a drug which was developed for the treatment of respiratory disorders such as asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). It is orally active and acts as a selective Phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor. Following four clinical trials, the drug proved to be effective in treating COPD, however it has never been marketed due to a poor side effect profile."]], ["Conivaptan", "CC1=NC2=C(N1)CCN(C3=CC=CC=C32)C(=O)C4=CC=C(C=C4)NC(=O)C5=CC=CC=C5C6=CC=CC=C6", ["Conivaptan is the amide resulting from the formal condensation of 4-[(biphenyl-2-ylcarbonyl)amino]benzoic acid with the benzazepine nitrogen of 2-methyl-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[4,5-d][1]benzazepine. It is an antagonist for two of the three types of arginine vasopressin (AVP) receptors, V1a and V2. It is used as its hydrochloride salt for the treatment of hyponatraemia (low blood sodium levels) caused by syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). It has a role as a vasopressin receptor antagonist.", "Conivaptan is a non-peptide inhibitor of antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin). It was approved in 2004 for hyponatremia (low blood sodium levels) caused by syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). Conivaptan inhibits both isotypes of the vasopressin receptor (V1a and V2).", "Conivaptan is a Vasopressin Receptor Antagonist. The mechanism of action of conivaptan is as a Vasopressin Receptor Antagonist, and Cytochrome P450 3A Inhibitor."]], ["Troxacitabine", "C1C(O[C@H](O1)CO)N2C=CC(=NC2=O)N", ["Troxacitabine is a dioxolane derivative and a novel L-configuration deoxycytidine analogue with potent antineoplastic activity. When incorporated into growing chain during DNA replication, troxacitabine stops DNA polymerization due to its unnatural L-configuration, in contrast to the normal nucleotides with D-configuration. As a result, this agent terminates DNA synthesis upon incorporated into DNA molecules, and consequently interrupts tumor cell proliferation."]], ["Tezosentan", "CC(C)C1=CN=C(C=C1)S(=O)(=O)NC2=C(C(=NC(=N2)C3=CC(=NC=C3)C4=NNN=N4)OCCO)OC5=CC=CC=C5OC", ["Tezosentan is an intravenous endothelin receptor A/B antagonist. Tezosentan was initially developed for vasodilation in patients with acute heart failure but studies have shown that it does not assist in the treatment of dyspnea or prevent cardiovascular events."]], ["[(1S,3R,7S,8aR)-8-[2-[(2R,4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] (2S)-2-methylbutanoate", "CC[C@H](C)C(=O)O[C@H]1C[C@H](C=C2[C@H]1C([C@H](C=C2)C)CC[C@@H]3C[C@H](CC(=O)O3)O)C", ["A fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Aspergillus terreus. The compound is a potent anticholesteremic agent. It inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It also stimulates the production of low-density lipoprotein receptors in the liver."]], ["Disufenton sodium", "CC(C)(C)[N+](=CC1=C(C=C(C=C1)S(=O)(=O)[O-])S(=O)(=O)[O-])[O-].[Na+].[Na+]", ["Disufenton Sodium is a disulfonyl derivative of phenyl-tert-butyl nitrone (PBN), with potential anti-glioma activity. Although the exact mechanism(s) of action of OKN007 are still largely unknown, this agent appears to inhibit cancer cell proliferation and migration. This agent appears to inhibit the activity of sulfatase 2 (SULF2), a highly specific endoglucosamine-6-sulfatase that is overexpressed in the extracellular matrix of cancer cells and catalyzes the removal of sulfate from the 6-O-sulfate esters of heparin. In addition, OKN007 may induce changes in tumor metabolism and scavenge free radicals."]], ["5-Methoxy-N,N-diisopropyltryptamine", "CC(C)N(CCC1=CNC2=C1C=C(C=C2)OC)C(C)C", ["5-methoxy-N,N-diisopropyltryptamine is a member of tryptamines. It has a role as a hallucinogen. It is functionally related to a N,N-diisopropyltryptamine and a 5-methoxytryptamine.", "5-methoxy-N,N-diisopropyltryptamine (5-MeO-DIPT) is a tryptamine derivative and shares many similarities with schedule I tryptamine hallucinogens such as alpha-ethyltryptamine, N,N-dimethyltryptamine, N,N-diethyltryptamine, bufotenine, psilocybin and psilocin. Since 1999, there has been a growing popularity of 5-MeO-DIPT among drug abusers. This substance is abused for its hallucinogenic effects."]], ["Vatalanib", "C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C(=NN=C2NC3=CC=C(C=C3)Cl)CC4=CC=NC=C4", ["Vatalanib is a member of the class of phthalazines that is phthalazine in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 4have been replaced by a p-chlorophenylamino group and a pyridin-4-ylmethyl group, respectively. It is a multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor for all isoforms of VEGFR, PDGFR and c-Kit. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent, an EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor, an angiogenesis inhibitor and a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist. It is a member of phthalazines, a member of pyridines, a member of monochlorobenzenes and a secondary amino compound.", "Vatalanib (PTK787/ZK-222584) is a new oral antiangiogenic molecule that inhibits all known vascular endothelial growth factor receptors. Vatalanib is under investigation for the treatment of solid tumors.", "Vatalanib is an orally bioavailable anilinophthalazine with potential antineoplastic activity.  Vatalanib binds to and inhibits the protein kinase domain of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors 1 and 2; both receptor tyrosine kinases are involved in angiogenesis.  This agent also binds to and inhibits related receptor tyrosine kinases, including platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor, c-Kit, and c-Fms."]], ["(2S,3S,4S)-2,3,4,6-tetrahydroxy-5-oxohexanoic acid", "C(C(=O)[C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](C(=O)O)O)O)O)O", ["Keto-D-fructuronic acid is the straight-chain keto form of D-fructuronic acid. It is functionally related to a keto-D-fructose. It is a conjugate acid of a keto-D-fructuronate."]], ["Sabarubicin", "C[C@H]1[C@H]([C@H](C[C@@H](O1)O[C@@H]2[C@@H](O[C@H](C[C@@H]2O)O[C@H]3C[C@@](CC4=C3C(=C5C(=C4O)C(=O)C6=CC=CC=C6C5=O)O)(C(=O)CO)O)C)N)O", ["Sabarubicin has been used in trials studying the treatment of Prostate Cancer, Testicular Germ Cell Tumor, and Unspecified Adult Solid Tumor, Protocol Specific.", "Sabarubicin is a disaccharide analogue of the anthracycline antineoplastic antibiotic doxorubicin.  Sabarubicin intercalates into DNA and interacts with topoisomerase II, thereby inhibiting DNA replication and repair and RNA and protein synthesis.  This agent also induces apoptosis through a p53-independent mechanism.  Sabarubicin is less cardiotoxic than doxorubicin."]], ["Moxifloxacin", "COC1=C2C(=CC(=C1N3C[C@@H]4CCCN[C@@H]4C3)F)C(=O)C(=CN2C5CC5)C(=O)O", ["Moxifloxacin is a quinolone that consists of 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid bearing a cyclopropyl substituent at position 1, a fluoro substitiuent at position 6, a (4aS,7aS)-octahydro-6H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl group at position 7 and a methoxy substituent at position 8. A member of the fluoroquinolone class of antibacterial agents. It has a role as an antibacterial drug. It is a quinolinemonocarboxylic acid, a quinolone, a member of cyclopropanes, a pyrrolidinopiperidine, an aromatic ether, a quinolone antibiotic and a fluoroquinolone antibiotic. It is a conjugate base of a moxifloxacinium(1+).", "Moxifloxacin is a synthetic fluoroquinolone antibiotic agent. Bayer AG developed the drug (initially called BAY 12-8039) and it is marketed worldwide (as the hydrochloride) under the brand name Avelox (in some countries also Avalox) for oral treatment.", "Moxifloxacin is a Fluoroquinolone Antibacterial.", "Moxifloxacin is a fourth generation fluoroquinolone with expanded activity against gram-positive bacteria as well as atypical pathogens. Moxifloxacin has been linked to mild ALT elevations during therapy and to rare instances of idiosyncratic acute liver injury with symptoms and jaundice.", "Moxifloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic with antibacterial activity. Moxifloxacin binds to and inhibits the bacterial enzymes DNA gyrase (topoisomerase II) and topoisomerase IV, resulting in inhibition of DNA replication and repair and cell death in sensitive bacterial species.", "A fluoroquinolone that acts as an inhibitor of DNA TOPOISOMERASE II and is used as a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent."]], ["Merimepodib", "COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)NC(=O)NC2=CC=CC(=C2)CNC(=O)O[C@H]3CCOC3)C4=CN=CO4", ["Merimepodib (VX-497) is a novel noncompetitive inhibitor of IMPDH. Merimepodib is orally bioavailable and inhibits the proliferation of primary human, mouse, rat, and dog lymphocytes at concentrations of approximately 100 nM.", "Merimepodib is an inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) inhibitor with activity against hepatitis C virus (HCV). IMPDH catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the de novo synthesis of guanine nucleotides, and treatment with merimepodib reduces the intracellular guanine nucleotide levels that are required for RNA and DNA synthesis, resulting in antiproliferative and antiviral effect."]], ["Pralnacasan", "CCO[C@H]1[C@H](CC(=O)O1)NC(=O)[C@@H]2CCCN3N2C(=O)[C@H](CCC3=O)NC(=O)C4=NC=CC5=CC=CC=C54", ["Pralnacasan is an orally bioavailable pro-drug of a potent, non-peptide inhibitor of interleukin-1beta converting enzyme (ICE)."]], ["Gadodiamide hydrate", "CNC(=O)CN(CCN(CCN(CC(=O)NC)CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-].[Gd+3]", ["Gadodiamide is a Paramagnetic Contrast Agent. The mechanism of action of gadodiamide is as a Magnetic Resonance Contrast Activity.", "Gadodiamide is a paramagnetic gadolinium-based contrast agent (GBCA), with imaging activity upon magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). When placed in a magnetic field, gadodiamide generates a large local magnetic field, which can enhance the relaxation rate of nearby protons. This change in proton relaxation dynamics, iincreases the MRI signal intensity of tissues in which gadodiamide has accumulated; therefore, visualization of those tissues is enhanced."]], ["Ranirestat", "C1C(=O)NC(=O)[C@@]12C(=O)N(C(=O)C3=CC=CN23)CC4=C(C=C(C=C4)Br)F", ["Ranirestat  is a structurally novel and stereospecifically potent aldose reductase (AKR1B; EC 1.1.1.21) inhibitor, which contains a succinimide ring that undergoes ring-opening at physiological pH levels. It has been used in trials studying the treatment of Mild to Moderate Diabetic Sensorimotor Polyneuropathy."]], ["Sapacitabine", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)NC1=NC(=O)N(C=C1)[C@H]2[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O2)CO)O)C#N", ["Sapacitabine is a nucleoside analogue resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of hexadecanoic acid with the amino group of CNDAC. It is the prodrug of CNDAC and is currently in clinical development for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). It has a role as an antimetabolite, an antineoplastic agent, a prodrug and a DNA synthesis inhibitor. It is a nucleoside analogue, a nitrile and a secondary carboxamide. It is functionally related to a hexadecanoic acid and a CNDAC.", "Sapacitabine is an orally bioavailable pyrimidine analogue prodrug with potential antineoplastic activity. Sapacitabine is hydrolyzed by amidases to the deoxycytosine analogue CNDAC (2'-Cyano-2'-deoxyarabinofuranosylcytosine), which is then phosphorylated into the active triphosphate form. As an analogue of deoxycytidine triphosphate, CNDAC triphosphate incorporates into DNA strands during replication, resulting in single-stranded DNA breaks during polymerization due to beta-elimination during the fidelity checkpoint process; cell cycle arrest in the G2 phase and apoptosis ensue. The unmetabolized prodrug may exhibit antineoplastic activity as well."]], ["Rostafuroxin", "C[C@]12CC[C@@H](C[C@H]1CC[C@@H]3[C@@H]2CC[C@]4([C@@]3(CC[C@@]4(C5=COC=C5)O)O)C)O", ["Rostafuroxin has been used in trials studying the treatment of Essential Hypertension."]], ["Ruboxistaurin", "CN(C)C[C@@H]1CCN2C=C(C3=CC=CC=C32)C4=C(C5=CN(CCO1)C6=CC=CC=C65)C(=O)NC4=O", ["Ruboxistaurin has been investigated for the basic science of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus."]], ["Reglitazar", "CC1=C(N=C(O1)C2=CC=CC=C2)CCOC3=CC=C(C=C3)CC4C(=O)NOC4=O", ["Reglitazar, an isoxazolidine-3,5-dione derivative, is being developed by Pfizer for the treatment of diabetes. It is the first non-thiazolidenedione to enter clinical trials."]], ["Solifenacin", "C1CN2CCC1[C@H](C2)OC(=O)N3CCC4=CC=CC=C4[C@@H]3C5=CC=CC=C5", ["Solifenacin is a member of isoquinolines.", "Solifenacin is a competitive muscarinic receptor antagonist indicated to treat an overactive bladder with urinary incontinence, urgency, and frequency. It has a long duration of action as it is usually taken once daily.  Solifenacin was granted FDA approval on 19 November 2004.", "Solifenacin is a Cholinergic Muscarinic Antagonist. The mechanism of action of solifenacin is as a Cholinergic Muscarinic Antagonist.", "Solifenacin is an anticholinergic and antispasmodic agent used to treat urinary incontinence and the overactive bladder syndrome. Solifenacin has not been implicated in causing liver enzyme elevations or clinically apparent acute liver injury.", "A quinuclidine and tetrahydroisoquinoline derivative and selective M3 MUSCARINIC ANTAGONIST. It is used as a UROLOGIC AGENT in the treatment of URINARY INCONTINENCE."]], ["Dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride", "COC(=O)[C@@H]([C@H]1CCCCN1)C2=CC=CC=C2.Cl", ["Dexmethylphenidate Hydrochloride is a synthetic sympathomimetic amine with CNS stimulating properties. Dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride acts by facilitating the release of catecholamines, particularly noradrenaline and dopamine, from nerve terminals in the brain and inhibits their uptake. This leads to an increase in motor activity, causes euphoria, mental alertness and excitement and suppresses appetite. This drug causes dependence and may cause an increase in heart rate and blood pressure. It is used in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. It may also be used in the treatment of fatigue and other nervous system effects seen with chemotherapy.", "A methylphenidate derivative, DOPAMINE UPTAKE INHIBITOR and CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM STIMULANT that is used in the treatment of ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER."]], ["Dexmethylphenidate", "COC(=O)[C@@H]([C@H]1CCCCN1)C2=CC=CC=C2", ["Dexmethylphenidate is a methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate in which both stereocentres have R configuration. It is the active enantiomer in the racemic drug methylphenidate. It has a role as an adrenergic agent. It is an enantiomer of a methyl (S)-phenyl[(S)-piperidin-2-yl]acetate.", "Dexmethylphenidate is the dextrorotary form of methylphenidate introduced in 2002. It is a norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor (NDRI) and thus a psychostimulant. It is used for treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The d-isomer is thought to have greater effect with fewer side effects than the l-isomer or the racemic mixture.", "Dexmethylphenidate is a Central Nervous System Stimulant. The physiologic effect of dexmethylphenidate is by means of Central Nervous System Stimulation.", "Dexmethylphenidate is the d-threo-enantiomer of methylphenidate, a central nervous system stimulant, appearing to block the reuptake of norepinephrine and dopamine into the presynaptic neuron, increasing their availability in the extracellular space.  The mechanism of action in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is unknown. (NCI)", "A methylphenidate derivative, DOPAMINE UPTAKE INHIBITOR and CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM STIMULANT that is used in the treatment of ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER."]], ["Pumosetrag", "C1CN2CCC1[C@H](C2)NC(=O)C3=CNC4=C(C3=O)SC=C4", ["DDP733 is an oral prokinetic drug which Dynogen is developing as a treatment for both Irritable Bowel Syndrome with constipation (IBS-c) and nocturnal gastroesophageal reflux disease (NGERD). It is a partial agonist of the serotonin type 3 receptor (5-HT3). Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that is known to be involved in the control of the gastrointestinal (GI) system. Preclinical studies of DDP733 established the compound\u2019s prokinetic properties (the ability to promote the motility of the GI tract).", "Pumosetrag has been used in trials studying Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease."]], ["Peramivir", "CCC(CC)[C@@H]([C@H]1[C@@H](C[C@@H]([C@H]1O)C(=O)O)N=C(N)N)NC(=O)C", ["Peramivir is a member of the class of guanidines that is used (as its trihydrate) for the treatment of acute uncomplicated influenza in patients 18 years and older who have been symptomatic for no more than two days. It has a role as an antiviral drug and an EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor. It is a member of cyclopentanols, a member of acetamides, a member of guanidines and a 3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid. It contains a peramivir hydrate.", "Peramivir is an antiviral agent developed by Biocryst Pharmaceuticals to treat influenza A/B. The development of peramivir has been supported by the US Department of Health and Human Services as part of the government's effort to prepare for a flu pandemic. Being an influenza virus neuraminidase inhibitor, peramivir works by preventing new viruses from emerging from infected cells. Due to the poor oral bioavailability, the oral formulation of the drug was previously abandoned by Johnson and Johnson Company. The injectable intravenous formulation of peramivir was approved by the FDA in September 2017 for the treatment of acute uncomplicated influenza to pediatric patients 2 years and older who have been symptomatic for no more than two days.", "Peramivir is an inhibitor of the influenza neuraminidase enzyme and is used as therapy of acute symptomatic influenza A and B. Peramivir has not been associated with serum enzyme elevations during therapy or with clinically apparent liver injury."]], ["Amediplase", "C1=CC=C2C(=C1)[C@@H]([C@H](C3=C2C=C4C=CC5=C(C4=C3)C=C[C@@H]([C@H]5O)O)O)O", ["Amediplase is a recombinant chimeric plasminogen activator, consisting of the kringle 2 domain from the A-chain of tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) and the carboxy terminal region of pro-urokinase. [MeSH]"]], ["6-Prenylnaringenin", "CC(=CCC1=C(C2=C(C=C1O)O[C@@H](CC2=O)C3=CC=C(C=C3)O)O)C", ["6-prenylnaringenin is a trihydroxyflavanone having a structure of naringenin prenylated at C-6. It is a trihydroxyflavanone, a member of 4'-hydroxyflavanones and a (2S)-flavan-4-one. It is functionally related to a (S)-naringenin.", "6-Prenylnaringenin is a natural product found in Macaranga denticulata, Wyethia angustifolia, and other organisms with data available."]], ["Acolbifene Hydrochloride", "CC1=C([C@@H](OC2=C1C=CC(=C2)O)C3=CC=C(C=C3)OCCN4CCCCC4)C5=CC=C(C=C5)O.Cl", ["Acolbifene Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of acolbifene, a fourth-generation estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) with potential lipid lowering and antineoplastic activity. Acolbifene specifically binds to estrogen receptors in responsive tissue, including liver, bone, breast, and endometrium. The resulting ligand-receptor complex is translocated to the nucleus where, depending on the tissue type, it promotes or suppresses the transcription of estrogen-regulated genes, thereby exerting its agonistic or antagonistic effects. Acolbifene acts as an estrogen antagonist in uterine and breast tissue, thereby blocking the effects of estrogen in these tissues. This may inhibit tumor cell proliferation in ER-positive tumor cells. This agent functions as an estrogen agonist in lipid metabolism, thereby decreasing total and LDL cholesterol levels. In bone, it decreases bone resorption and bone turnover and increases bone mineral density."]], ["Varespladib", "CCC1=C(C2=C(N1CC3=CC=CC=C3)C=CC=C2OCC(=O)O)C(=O)C(=O)N", ["Varespladib is a member of the class of indoles that is 1H-indole substituted by benzyl, ethyl, oxamoyl, and carboxymethoxy groups at positions 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. It is an oral secretory phospholipase A2 inhibitor and exhibits anti-inflammatory effects. It has a role as an EC 3.1.1.4 (phospholipase A2) inhibitor, an anti-inflammatory drug and an antidote. It is a member of indoles, a member of benzenes, an aromatic ether, a dicarboxylic acid monoamide, a monocarboxylic acid and a primary carboxamide. It is a conjugate acid of a varespladib(1-).", "Varespladib has been investigated for the treatment and prevention of Sickle Cell Disease, Vaso-occlusive Crisis, and Acute Coronary Syndrome."]], ["Canertinib", "C=CC(=O)NC1=C(C=C2C(=C1)C(=NC=N2)NC3=CC(=C(C=C3)F)Cl)OCCCN4CCOCC4", ["Canertinib is a quinazoline compound having a 3-chloro-4-fluoroanilino group at the 4-position, a propenamido group at the 6-position, and a 3-morpholinopropoxy group at the 7-position. It has a role as a tyrosine kinase inhibitor and an antineoplastic agent. It is a member of quinazolines, an organofluorine compound, a member of morpholines and a member of monochlorobenzenes.", "Canertinib is a pan-erbB tyrosine kinase inhibitor which work against esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in vitro and in vivo. Canertinib treatment significantly affects tumour metabolism, proliferation and hypoxia as determined by PET."]], ["Doramapimod", "CC1=CC=C(C=C1)N2C(=CC(=N2)C(C)(C)C)NC(=O)NC3=CC=C(C4=CC=CC=C43)OCCN5CCOCC5", ["Doramapimod is a member of the class of pyrazoles that is an immunomodulator used for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease and psoriasis. It has a role as an immunomodulator and an EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor. It is a member of morpholines, a member of pyrazoles, a member of naphthalenes, a member of ureas and an aromatic ether.", "Doramapimod is a P38 MAP kinase inhibitor."]], ["Ertiprotafib", "CC1=CC(=CC(=C1O[C@H](CC2=CC=CC=C2)C(=O)O)C)C3=C4C(=C(SC4=C(C5=CC=CC=C53)Br)C)C", ["Ertiprotafib belongs to a novel class of insulin sensitizers developed for treatment of type 2 diabetes. In insulin-resistant rodent models, ertiprotafib and a close analog lowered both fasting blood glucose and insulin levels and improved glycemic excursion during an oral glucose tolerance test.", "Ertiprotafib is an inhibitor of the protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) and dual peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) alpha and gamma agonist with hypoglycemic and anti-lipidemic activity. Ertiprotafib inhibits PTP1B preventing the dephosphorylation of the insulin receptor, which improves insulin sensitivity and decreases blood glucose levels. In addition, this agent is able to stimulate both PPAR alpha and gamma thereby further improving glucose homeostasis and reducing triglyceride (TG) and free fatty acid levels. Ertiprotafib was also shown to be a potent inhibitor of IkappaB kinase beta (IKKbeta), which cotributes to its anti-inflammatory properties."]], ["Pirlimycin", "CC[C@@H]1CCN[C@@H](C1)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](O2)SC)O)O)O)[C@H](C)Cl", ["Pirlimycin hydrochloride is an antibiotic belonging to the lincosamide class. Often marketed as Pirsue, this drug is used to treat mastitis in cattle.", "Pirlimycin is a derivative of clindamycin with a 6-membered ring replacing clindamycin's 5-membered ring. Compared to clindimycin, pirlimycin has increased activity against gram-positive bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase negative species of Staphylococcus and Streptococcus. This agent is primarily used in the treatment of mastitis in cattle."]], ["Gadopentetic acid [MI]", "[H+].[H+].C(CN(CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])N(CCN(CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-].[Gd+3]", ["Gadopentetic acid is a Paramagnetic Contrast Agent. The mechanism of action of gadopentetic acid is as a Magnetic Resonance Contrast Activity.", "A complex of gadolinium with a chelating agent, diethylenetriamine penta-acetic acid (DTPA see PENTETIC ACID), that is given to enhance the image in cranial and spinal MRIs. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p706)"]], ["Tc-99m Mdp", "C(P(=O)(O)O)P(=O)(O)O.[99Tc]", ["Technetium-99 medronate is an inorganic phosphonate and a technetium molecular entity.", "A gamma-emitting radionuclide imaging agent used primarily in skeletal scintigraphy. Because of its absorption by a variety of tumors, it is useful for the detection of neoplasms."]], ["Gemcabene calcium", "CC(C)(CCCCOCCCCC(C)(C)C(=O)[O-])C(=O)[O-].[Ca+2]", ["Gemcabene Calcium is a calcium salt formulation of gemcabene, a dialkyl ether dicarboxylic acid with antihyperlipidemic activity."]], ["Gemcabene", "CC(C)(CCCCOCCCCC(C)(C)C(=O)O)C(=O)O", ["Gemcabene is a new drug that lowers low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), decreases triglycerides, and raises high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C).", "Gemcabene is a dialkyl ether dicarboxylic acid with antihyperlipidemic activity. In animal models gemcabene increased high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels and increased HDL particle size. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, trigylcerides, and apolipoprotein C-III levels were decreased as well. In human test subjects, the HDL lowering effect of gemcabene was only seen in patients with high (>200 mg/dl) levels of triglycerides."]], ["Methyl aminolevulinate", "COC(=O)CCC(=O)CN", ["Methyl 5-aminolevulinate is the methyl ester of 5-aminolevulinic acid. A prodrug, it is metabolised to protoporphyrin IX, a photosensitizer, and is used in the photodynamic treatment of non-melanoma skin cancer (including basal cell carcinoma). Topical application (often as the hydrochloride salt) results in an accumulation of protoporphyrin IX in the skin lesions to which the cream has been applied. Subsequent illumination with red light results in the generation of toxic singlet oxygen that destroys cell membranes and thereby kills the tumour cells. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent, a photosensitizing agent, a prodrug and a dermatologic drug. It is functionally related to a 5-aminolevulinic acid.", "Methyl aminolevulinate is a prodrug that is metabolised to Protoporphyrin IX (a photosensitizer) used in photodynamic therapy.", "Methyl aminolevulinate is a Porphyrin Precursor."]], ["gomisin N", "C[C@H]1CC2=CC3=C(C(=C2C4=C(C(=C(C=C4C[C@H]1C)OC)OC)OC)OC)OCO3", ["(+)-schisandrin B is an organic heterotetracyclic compound that is found in Fructus Schisandrae and Schisandra chinensis. It has a role as a nephroprotective agent, an apoptosis inhibitor, a plant metabolite, an anti-asthmatic agent, an antioxidant, an anti-inflammatory agent, a neuroprotective agent, a hepatoprotective agent and an antilipemic drug. It is an organic heterotetracyclic compound, an aromatic ether, an oxacycle and a cyclic acetal.", "gomisin N is a natural product found in Kadsura coccinea, Schisandra propinqua, and other organisms with data available."]], ["Xcytrin", "CCC1=C(C2=CC3=NC(=CN=C4C=C(C(=CC4=NC=C5C(=C(C(=N5)C=C1[N-]2)CCCO)C)OCCOCCOCCOC)OCCOCCOCCOC)C(=C3CCCO)C)CC.CC(=O)[O-].CC(=O)[O-].[Gd+3]", ["Motexafin gadolinium is studied in the treatment of cancer by Pharmacyclics. It may make tumor cells more sensitive to radiation therapy, improve tumor images using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and kill cancer cells. It belongs to the family of drugs called metalloporphyrin complexes. Also called gadolinium texaphyrin."]], ["Ablavar", "C1CC(CCC1OP(=O)([O-])OC[C@@H](CN(CCN(CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])N(CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])(C2=CC=CC=C2)C3=CC=CC=C3.O.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Gd+3]", ["Gadofosveset Trisodium is the trisodium salt form of gadofosveset, an injectable, intravascular, amphiphilic gadolinium-based contrast agent (GBCA) used with magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) imaging. Gadofosveset is a stable gadolinium diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA) chelate derivative with a diphenylcyclohexylphosphate group. Upon injection, gadofosveset binds reversibly to endogenous serum albumin which increases its intravascular retention time compared to non-protein binding contrast agents. The serum albumin binding also increases T1-relaxivity of gadofosveset. This produces an increase in signal intensity of blood, thereby enhancing the visualization of blood vessels upon MRA and may aid in the diagnosis of certain blood vessels and heart disorders."]], ["Gadoteric acid", "C1CN(CCN(CCN(CCN1CC(=O)O)CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-].[Gd+3]", ["Gadoteric acid is a macrocycle-structured gadolinium-based MRI contrast agent. It is composed of the organic acid DOTA (1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid) used for its chelating properties, and gadolinium (Gd3+). As a paramagnetic molecule, gadoterate develops a magnetic moment when placed in a magnetic field. This magnetic moment enhances the relaxation rates of water protons in its vicinity, leading to an increase in signal intensity (brightness) of tissues. More specifically, it reduces the T1 relaxation time (and to some extent the T2 and T2* relaxation times) in NMR, which is the source of its clinical utility. Increased signal brightness allows it to be used in imaging of blood vessels and of inflamed or diseased tissue where the blood vessels become 'leaky'.   Gadoteric acid, as the FDA approved product Dotarem, is indicated for intravenous use with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in brain (intracranial), spine and associated tissues in adult and pediatric patients (2 years of age and older) to detect and visualize areas with disruption of the blood brain barrier (BBB) and/or abnormal vascularity."]], ["Edotreotide", "C[C@H]([C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](CSSC[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N1)CCCCN)CC2=CNC3=CC=CC=C32)CC4=CC=C(C=C4)O)NC(=O)[C@@H](CC5=CC=CC=C5)NC(=O)CN6CCN(CCN(CCN(CC6)CC(=O)O)CC(=O)O)CC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@H](CO)[C@@H](C)O)O", ["Edotreotide is a chelated octreotide derivative with somatostatin activity. Edotreotide is produced by substituting tyrosine for phenylalanine at the 3 position of octreotide and chelated via dodecanetetraacetic acid (DOTA). Like octreotide, this edotreotide binds to somatostatin receptors (SSTRs), especially type 2, present on the cell membrane of many types of neuroendocrine tumors. When labeled with nuclides, edotreotide conjugates could result in tissue specific cytotoxicity."]], ["Tecadenoson", "C1COC[C@@H]1NC2=C3C(=NC=N2)N(C=N3)[C@H]4[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O4)CO)O)O", ["Tecadenoson is a novel selective A1 adenosine receptor agonist that is currently being evaluated for the conversion of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT) to sinus rhythm. It is being developed by CV Therapeutics, Inc."]], ["Abafungin", "CC1=CC(=C(C=C1)OC2=CC=CC=C2C3=CSC(=N3)NC4=NCCCN4)C", ["Abafungin is a member of the class of guanidines that is tetrahydropyrimidin-2(1H)-imine in which the hydrogen of the imino group is replaced by a thiazol-2-yl group which in turn is substituted by a 2-(2,4-dimethylphenoxy)phenyl group at position 4. It has been used for the topical treatment of fungal nail infections. It has a role as an antifungal drug. It is a member of 1,3-thiazoles, an aromatic ether and a member of guanidines."]], ["Ferric subsulfate", "[OH-].[OH-].[O-]S(=O)(=O)[O-].[O-]S(=O)(=O)[O-].[O-]S(=O)(=O)[O-].[O-]S(=O)(=O)[O-].[O-]S(=O)(=O)[O-].[Fe+3].[Fe+3].[Fe+3].[Fe+3]", ["Ferric subsulfate is a stypic or hemostatic agent that causes agglutination of surface proteins resulting in local hemostasis. It has the chemical formula Fe4(OH)2(SO4)5. It is used after superficial skin biopsies."]], ["Atrasentan hydrochloride", "CCCCN(CCCC)C(=O)CN1C[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]1C2=CC=C(C=C2)OC)C(=O)O)C3=CC4=C(C=C3)OCO4.Cl", ["Atrasentan Hydrochloride is the orally available hydrochloride salt of pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid with potential antineoplastic activity.  As a selective antagonist of the endothelin-A (ETA) receptor, atrasentan binds selectively to the ETA receptor, which may result in inhibition of endothelin-induced angiogenesis and tumor cell proliferation.", "A pyrrolidine and benzodioxole derivative that acts a RECEPTOR, ENDOTHELIN A antagonist. It has therapeutic potential as an antineoplastic agent and for the treatment of DIABETIC NEPHROPATHIES."]], ["Hydroxy-(hydroxy(dioxo)chromio)oxy-dioxochromium;pyridine", "C1=CC=NC=C1.C1=CC=NC=C1.O[Cr](=O)(=O)O[Cr](=O)(=O)O", ["Pyridinium dichromate is a chemical compound of pyridinium and hexavalent chromium. It is used as an oxidizing agent. Hexavalent chromium refers to chemical compounds that contain the element chromium in the +6 oxidation state. Chromium(VI) is more toxic than other oxidation states of the chromium atom because of its greater ability to enter cells and higher redox potential. (L16, L57)"]], ["Mangafodipir trisodium", "[H+].[H+].[H+].CC1=NC=C(C(=C1[O-])CN(CCN(CC2=C(C(=NC=C2COP(=O)([O-])[O-])C)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])COP(=O)([O-])[O-].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Mn+2]", ["Mangafodipir Trisodium is the trisodium salt of mangafodipir with potential antioxidant and chemoprotective activities. Consisting of manganese (II) ions chelated to fodipir (dipyridoxyl diphosphate or DPDP), mangafodipir scavenges oxygen free radicals such as superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radical, potentially preventing oxygen free radical damage to macromolecules such as DNA and minimizing oxygen free radical-related chemotoxicity in normal tissues. However, this agent may potentiate the chemotherapy-induced generation of oxygen free radicals in tumor cells, resulting in the potentiation of chemotherapy-induced cytotoxicity; tumor cells, with higher levels of reactive oxygen species than normal cells, possess a lower threshold for oxygen free radical-mediated cytotoxicity. Mangafodipir is traditionally used as an imaging agent in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).", "Mangafodipir is a contrast agent delivered intravenously to enhance contrast in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the liver. It has two parts, paramagnetic manganese (II) ions and the chelating agent fodipir (dipyridoxyl diphosphate, DPDP). Normal liver tissue absorbs the manganese more than abnormal or cancerous tissue. The manganese shortens the longitudinal relaxation time (called T1), making the normal tissue appear brighter in MRIs. This enhanced contrast allows lesions to be more easily identified. Acute toxicity studies in mice, rats and dogs using IV administration showed mangafodipir to have low to moderate toxicity. Repeat dose toxicity studies were conducted in rats, cynomologous monkeys and dogs. The liver and to a lesser extent the kidney were target organs of toxicity."]], ["CID 160051", "CCCCCCCCCCNCC=C.C[N+](C)(C)CCCCCCNCC=C.C=CCN.C1C(O1)CCl.Cl.[Cl-]", ["Colesevelam is a bile acid sequestrant. Colesevelam is used with exercise and diet changes (restriction of cholesterol and fat intake) to reduce the amount of cholesterol and certain fatty substances in the blood. It works by binding bile acids in the intestine. Bile acids are made when cholesterol is broken down in the body. Removing these bile acids helps to lower blood cholesterol.", "Colesevelam is a nonabsorbed bile acid sequestrant that is used a therapy of hyperlipidemia and for the pruritus of chronic liver disease and biliary obstruction. Colesevelam has not been associated with clinically apparent liver injury.", "Colesevelam Hydrochloride is a hydrochloride salt form of colesevelam, a non-absorbed polymer that binds bile acids in the intestine and lowers serum lipids.", "An allylamine derivative that binds BILE ACIDS in the intestine and is used as an ANTICHOLESTEREMIC AGENT in the treatment of HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA and HYPERLIPIDEMIAS."]], ["Hydron;pyridine;trioxochromium;chloride", "[H+].C1=CC=NC=C1.O=[Cr](=O)=O.[Cl-]", ["Pyridinium chlorochromate (PCC) is the salt with the formula C5H5NH. It is a reagent in organic synthesis. It is a red-orange solid. A variety of related compounds are known with similar reactivity. Although not widely used, PCC offered the advantage of the selective oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes, whereas many other reagents were less selective. Strong oxidizer. Contact with other material may cause a fire. Cancer hazard. May cause sensitization by skin contact. May cause eye, skin, and respiratory tract irritation. May cause cancer by inhalation. Toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment. Target Organs: Respiratory system, skin."]], ["Seliciclib", "CC[C@H](CO)NC1=NC(=C2C(=N1)N(C=N2)C(C)C)NCC3=CC=CC=C3", ["Seliciclib is 2,6-Diaminopurine carrying benzylamino, (2R)-1-hydroxybutan-2-yl and isopropyl substituents at C-6, C-2-N and N-9 respectively. It is an experimental drug candidate in the family of pharmacological cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors. It has a role as an EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor and an antiviral drug.", "R-roscovitine (Seliciclib or CYC202) is a cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor that preferentially inhibits multiple enzyme targets including CDK2, CDK7 and CDK9, which alter the growth phase of treated cells. Developed by Cyclacel, seliciclib is being researched for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), leukemia, HIV infection, herpes simplex infection, and the mechanisms of chronic inflammation disorders.", "Seliciclib is a natural product found in Ophioparma ventosa with data available.", "Seliciclib is an orally available small molecule and cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor with potential apoptotic and antineoplastic activity. CDKs, serine/threonine kinases that play an important role in cell cycle regulation, are overexpressed in various malignancies. Seliciclib primarily inhibits CDK 2, 7, and 9 by competing for the ATP binding sites on these kinases, leading to a disruption of cell cycle progression. In addition, this agent seems to interfere with CDK-mediated phosphorylation of the carboxy-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II, thereby inhibiting RNA polymerase II-dependent transcription. This may lead to the down-regulation of anti-apoptotic factors, such as myeloid cell leukemia sequence 1 (Mcl-1), a protein crucial for the survival of a range of tumor cell types. The down-regulation of anti-apoptotic factors may lead to an induction of apoptosis, thereby further contributing to seliciclib's antiproliferative effects.", "A purine derivative and competitive inhibitor of CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASES that has therapeutic potential as an antineoplastic and antiviral agent."]], ["Androst-5-ene-3,17-dione", "C[C@]12CC[C@H]3[C@H]([C@@H]1CCC2=O)CC=C4[C@@]3(CCC(=O)C4)C", ["Androst-5-ene-3,17-dione is an androstanoid that is androst-5-ene bearing two oxo substituents at positions 3 and 17. It is an androstanoid, a 3-oxo-Delta(5)-steroid and a 17-oxo steroid.", "5-androstenedione is a prohormone of testosterone. In the United States, the Controlled Substance Act is inclusive to anabolic steroids and their precursors. Thus 5-androstenedione is a controlled substance, and its use in athletes is prohibited by The World Anti-Doping Agency. Apart from the positioning of a carbon-carbon double bond, its structure is similar to [4-androstenedione], which is a prohormone which is naturally produced in the body by the adrenal glands and gonads, and acts as precursor to testosterone, as well as estrone and estradiol."]], ["4-Hydroxytestosterone", "C[C@]12CC[C@H]3[C@H]([C@@H]1CC[C@@H]2O)CCC4=C(C(=O)CC[C@]34C)O", ["4-Hydroxytestosterone is a 3-hydroxy steroid. It has a role as an androgen.", "4-Hydroxytestosterone is testosterone substituted with a hydroxy group on the fourth carbon atom. It is an anabolic steroid with no therapeutic indications, which is prohibited from use in sports by the World Anti-Doping Agency.  Formestane (Lentaron) acts as a prohormone of 4-Hydroxytestosterone, as 4-Hydroxytestosterone is one of the many byproducts of formestane metabolism. It is specifically the 17-hydroxylated analog to formestane. Like formestane, 4-hydroxytesterone has been patented for use in decreasing estrogen production in the body, but no such indication currently exists. 4-Hydroxytestosterone was first patented in 1955 by G.D Searle & Company."]], ["Saicar", "C1=NC(=C(N1[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O2)COP(=O)(O)O)O)O)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)O)C(=O)O", ["SAICAR is a 1-(phosphoribosyl)imidazolecarboxamide resulting from the formal condesation of the darboxy group of 5-amino-1-(5-O-phosphono-beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-1H-imidazole-4-carboxylic acid with the amino group of L-aspartic acid. It has a role as an Escherichia coli metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is functionally related to a succinic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a SAICAR(4-).", "SAICAR is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).", "Saicar is a natural product found in Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Apis cerana, and Homo sapiens with data available.", "SAICAR (or (S)-2-[5-Amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamido]succinate) is a substrate for the multifunctional protein ADE2. SAICAR is an intermediate in purine metabolism. (S)-2-[5-Amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamido]succinate is converted from 5-Amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl) imidazole-4-carboxylate via phosphoribosylaminoimidazole-succinocarboxamide synthase [EC: 6.3.2.6] or SAICAR synthase. This enzyme catalyses the seventh step out of ten in the biosynthesis of purine nucleotides. The appearance of succinylaminoimidazolecarboxamide riboside (SAICAriboside) and succinyladenosine (S-Ado) in cerebrospinal fluid, urine, and to a lesser extent in plasma is characteristic of a heritable deficiency Adenylosuccinate lyase deficiency. .", "SAICAR is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["Butylscopolamine", "CCCC[N+]1([C@@H]2CC(C[C@H]1[C@H]3[C@@H]2O3)OC(=O)[C@H](CO)C4=CC=CC=C4)C", ["Butylscopolamine is a carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2S)-3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoic acid with the hydroxy group of (2R,4S,5S,7s)-9-butyl-7-hydroxy-9-methyl-3-oxa-9-azoniatricyclo[3.3.1.0(2,4)]nonane. It has a role as a muscarinic antagonist and an antispasmodic drug. It is a carboxylic ester, an epoxide, a quaternary ammonium ion and a tropane alkaloid.", "Butylscopolamine is a peripherally acting antimuscarinic, anticholinergic agent. It is used to treat pain and discomfort caused by abdominal cramps, menstrual cramps, or other spasmodic activity in the digestive system. It is also effective at preventing bladder spasms. It is not a pain medication in the normal sense, since it does not directly affect pain, but rather works to prevent painful cramps and spasms from occurring. It is on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines, the most important medications needed in a basic health system.", "Antimuscarinic quaternary ammonium derivative of scopolamine used to treat cramps in gastrointestinal, urinary, uterine, and biliary tracts, and to facilitate radiologic visualization of the gastrointestinal tract."]], ["Mercury monofluoride", "[F-].[F-].[Hg+2]", ["Mercury(I) fluoride is a fluoride of mercury. Mercury is a heavy, silvery d-block metal and one of six elements that are liquid at or near room temperature and pressure. It is a naturally occuring substance, and combines with other elements such as chlorine, sulfur, or oxygen to form inorganic mercury compounds (salts). Mercury also combines with carbon to make organic mercury compounds. (L1)"]], ["Dihydromyricetin", "C1=C(C=C(C(=C1O)O)O)[C@@H]2[C@H](C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O", ["(+)-dihydromyricetin is an optically active form of dihydromyricetin having (2R,3R)-configuration. It has a role as a metabolite, an antioxidant and an antineoplastic agent. It is a secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone and a dihydromyricetin. It is an enantiomer of a (-)-dihydromyricetin.", "Dihydromyricetin is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03606694 (Effect of Dihydromirycetin on Glycemic Control, Insulin Sensitivity and Insulin Secretion in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus).", "Dihydromyricetin is a natural product found in Vitis rotundifolia, Catha edulis, and other organisms with data available."]], ["Withanolide D", "CC1=C(C(=O)O[C@H](C1)[C@@](C)([C@H]2CC[C@@H]3[C@@]2(CC[C@H]4[C@H]3C[C@@H]5[C@]6([C@@]4(C(=O)C=C[C@@H]6O)C)O5)C)O)C", ["Withanolide D is a withanolide that is 5,6:22,26-diepoxyergosta-2,24-diene-1,26-dione substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4 and 22 (the 4beta,5beta,6beta,22R stereoisomer). Isolated from Tubocapsicum anomalum and Withania somnifera, it exhibits cytotoxic activity. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent. It is a withanolide, an enone, a delta-lactone, a secondary alcohol, a tertiary alcohol, a 4-hydroxy steroid, a 20-hydroxy steroid, an ergostanoid and an epoxy steroid.", "Withanolide D is a natural product found in Withania somnifera, Tubocapsicum anomalum, and other organisms with data available."]], ["Madecassoside", "CC1CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CC(C5C4(CC(C(C5(C)CO)O)O)C)O)C)C2C1C)C)C(=O)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)COC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)C)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O", ["Madecassoside is a natural product found in Centella erecta, Centella asiatica, and other organisms with data available."]], ["Centhaquine", "CC1=CC(=CC=C1)N2CCN(CC2)CCC3=NC4=CC=CC=C4C=C3", ["Centhaquine is under investigation in clinical trial NCT04045327 (Efficacy of PMZ-2010 (Centhaquine) a Resuscitative Agent for Hypovolemic Shock)."]], ["3-amino-N-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl]propanamide", "C1=CC(=C(C=C1CCNC(=O)CCN)O)O", ["3-amino-N-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl]propanamide is a secondary carboxamide, a member of catechols and a primary amino compound. It is functionally related to a dopamine."]], ["Tixocortol", "C[C@]12CCC(=O)C=C1CC[C@@H]3[C@@H]2[C@H](C[C@]4([C@H]3CC[C@@]4(C(=O)CS)O)C)O", ["Tixocortol is a steroid sulfide in which the sulfanyl group is at C-21 of a polyoxygenated derivative of pregn-4-ene. It has a role as a glucocorticoid receptor agonist. It is an 11beta-hydroxy steroid, a 17alpha-hydroxy steroid, a 20-oxo steroid, a steroid sulfide, a 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid and a tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone. It derives from a hydride of a pregnane.", "Tixocortol is a 21-thiol derivative of hydrocortisone classified as a class A corticosteroid. It is a synthetic steroid with topical anti-inflammatory properties without the systemic glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid activities and toxicity."]], ["5-(2,3-Dihydrobenzofuran-7-yl)-3-methyl-8-nitro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepin-7-ol", "CN1CCC2=CC(=C(C=C2[C@H](C1)C3=CC=CC4=C3OCC4)O)[N+](=O)[O-]", ["ADX10061 is a potent, selective antagonist of the dopamine D1 receptor. It is developed by Addex Pharmaceuticals for the treatment of nicotine dependence."]], ["Flaxseed", "COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C[C@@H](CO)[C@@H](CC2=CC(=C(C=C2)O)OC)CO)O.C([C@@H]1[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O1)O)O)O)O)O", ["Flaxseed is seed isolated from one of several species of the plant genus Linum. Flaxseed-derived foods, lignans, and essential fatty acids such as alpha-linolenic acid, possess anti-inflammatory, lipid-lowering, antioxidant, and antineoplastic properties."]], ["Bepotastine", "C1CN(CCC1O[C@@H](C2=CC=C(C=C2)Cl)C3=CC=CC=N3)CCCC(=O)O", ["Bepotastine is an ether that is (S)-(4-chlorophenyl)(pyridin-2-yl)methanol in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is substituted by a 1-(3-carboxypropyl)piperidin-4-yl group. A topical, selective and non-sedating histamine (H1) receptor antagonist used (as its benzenesulfonate salt) for treatment of itching associated with allergic conjunctivitis. It has a role as a H1-receptor antagonist and an anti-allergic agent. It is a member of pyridines, a monocarboxylic acid, a member of piperidines, an ether and a member of monochlorobenzenes. It is a conjugate base of a bepotastine(1+).", "Bepotastine is a Histamine-1 Receptor Antagonist."]], ["alpha-Ketoglutarate", "C(CC(=O)[O-])C(=O)C(=O)[O-]", ["2-oxoglutarate(2-) is an oxo dicarboxylate obtained by deprotonation of both carboxy groups of 2-oxoglutaric acid. It has a role as a human metabolite, an algal metabolite, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite and a geroprotector. It is functionally related to a glutarate(2-). It is a conjugate base of a 2-oxoglutarate(1-).", "alpha-Ketoglutarate is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).", "A family of compounds containing an oxo group with the general structure of 1,5-pentanedioic acid. (From Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p442)"]], ["Oxaloacetate", "C(C(=O)C(=O)[O-])C(=O)[O-]", ["Oxaloacetate(2-) is a C4-dicarboxylate resuting from deprotonation of both carboxy groups of oxaloacetic acid. It has a role as a human metabolite and a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite. It is a C4-dicarboxylate and an oxo dicarboxylic acid dianion. It is functionally related to a succinate(2-). It is a conjugate base of an oxaloacetic acid.", "A dicarboxylic acid ketone that is an important metabolic intermediate of the CITRIC ACID CYCLE. It can be converted to ASPARTIC ACID by ASPARTATE TRANSAMINASE."]], ["D-Pinitol", "COC1[C@@H]([C@H](C([C@@H]([C@@H]1O)O)O)O)O", ["D-pinitol is the D-enantiomer of pinitol. It has a role as a geroprotector and a member of compatible osmolytes. It is functionally related to a 1D-chiro-inositol. It is an enantiomer of a L-pinitol.", "Methylinositol has been used in trials studying the treatment of Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease.", "D-Pinitol is a natural product found in Aegialitis annulata, Senna macranthera var. micans, and other organisms with data available."]], ["(-)-alpha-(1-Aminoethyl)-3-hydroxybenzenemethanol", "CC(C(C1=CC(=CC=C1)O)O)N.[C@H]([C@@H](C(=O)O)O)(C(=O)O)O", ["A sympathomimetic agent that acts predominantly at alpha-1 adrenergic receptors. It has been used primarily as a vasoconstrictor in the treatment of HYPOTENSION."]], ["Copper hydroxide", "[OH-].[OH-].[Cu+2]", ["Copper hydroxide is an organic molecular entity.", "Copper(II) hydroxide is the hydroxide of  copper. It is found naturally in several copper minerals, st notably azurite, malachite, antlerite, and brochantite. Copper(II) hydroxide is rarely found as an uncombined mineral because it slowly reacts with carbon dioxide from the atmosphere to form a basic copper(II) carbonate. The mineral of the formula Cu(OH)2 is called spertiniite. Copper(II) hydroxide has been used as a fungicide, nematacide, and occasionally as a ceramic colorant. Copper is a chemical element with the symbol Cu and atomic number 29. Copper is an essential elements in plants and animals as it is required for the normal functioning of more than 30 enzymes. It occurs naturally throughout the environment in rocks, soil, water, and air. (L277, L278, L300)"]], ["Cu(II) oxide", "[O-2].[Cu+2]", ["Copper(II) oxide is a metal oxide that has the formula CuO. It has an ionic structure. It contains a copper(2+).", "Cupric oxide, or copper (II) oxide, is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula CuO. Cupric oxide is used as a precursor in many copper-containing products such as wood preservatives and ceramics. Cupric oxide may be found in over-the-counter vitamin-mineral supplements as a source of [DB09130]. The mean daily dietary intake of copper in adults ranges between 0.9 and 2.2 mg. Common routes of cupric oxide exposure include ingestion, dermal exposure and inhalation. Copper(II) oxide nanoparticles (NPCuO) have industrial applications as antimicrobial agents in textiles and paints, and catalysts in organic synthesis. They may also be produced from electronic wastes. Cupric oxide poses potential health and environmental concern due to toxic and mutagenic particles generating reactive oxygen species."]], ["Carboxyaminoimidazole ribotide", "C1=NC(=C(N1[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O2)COP(=O)(O)O)O)O)N)C(=O)O", ["5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxylic acid is a 1-(phosphoribosyl)imidazole, an imidazole-4-carboxylic acid and an aminoimidazole. It has a role as an Escherichia coli metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a conjugate acid of a 5-amino-1-(5-phosphonato-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxylate and a 5-amino-1-(5-phosphonato-D-ribosyl)imidazolium-4-carboxylate(2-).", "5-Amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxylate is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).", "5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxylate is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["isovaleryl-CoA", "CC(C)CC(=O)SCCNC(=O)CCNC(=O)[C@@H](C(C)(C)COP(=O)(O)OP(=O)(O)OC[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O1)N2C=NC3=C(N=CN=C32)N)O)OP(=O)(O)O)O", ["Isovaleryl-CoA is a methylbutanoyl-CoA is the S-isovaleryl derivative of coenzyme A. It has a role as a mouse metabolite. It is a methylbutanoyl-CoA and a short-chain fatty acyl-CoA. It is functionally related to an isovaleric acid and a butyryl-CoA. It is a conjugate acid of an isovaleryl-CoA(4-).", "Isovaleryl-CoA is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).", "isovaleryl-CoA is a natural product found in Streptomyces albidoflavus, Streptomyces coelicolor, and Homo sapiens with data available."]], ["Paromomycin", "C1[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]1N)O[C@@H]2[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O2)CO)O)O)N)O[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O3)CO)O[C@@H]4[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](O4)CN)O)O)N)O)O)N", ["Paromomycin is an amino cyclitol glycoside that is the 1-O-(2-amino-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside) and the 3-O-(2,6-diamino-2,6-dideoxy-beta-L-idopyranosyl)-beta-D-ribofuranoside of 4,6-diamino-2,3-dihydroxycyclohexane (the 1R,2R,3S,4R,6S diastereoisomer). It is obtained from various Streptomyces species. A broad-spectrum antibiotic, it is used (generally as the sulfate salt) for the treatment of acute and chronic intestinal protozoal infections, but is not effective for extraintestinal protozoal infections. It is also used as a therapeutic against visceral leishmaniasis. It has a role as an antibacterial drug, an antiprotozoal drug, an anthelminthic drug and an antiparasitic agent. It is an aminoglycoside antibiotic and an amino cyclitol glycoside. It is functionally related to a streptamine.", "Paromomycin is an Antiprotozoal.", "Paromomycin is a natural product found in Streptomyces and Streptomyces rimosus with data available.", "Paromomycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from Streptomyces rimosus var. paromomycinus, with amebicidal and antibacterial activity. Paromomycin binds specifically to the RNA oligonucleotide at the A site of bacterial 30S ribosomes, thereby causing misreading and premature termination of translation, thereby leading to inhibition of protein synthesis followed by cell death.", "An aminoglycoside antibacterial and antiprotozoal agent produced by species of STREPTOMYCES."]], ["Estradiol dienanthate", "CCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H]1CC[C@@H]2[C@@]1(CC[C@H]3[C@H]2CCC4=C3C=CC(=C4)OC(=O)CCCCCC)C", ["Estradiol Dienanthate is a pro-drug ester of [DB00783], a naturally occurring hormone that circulates endogenously within the human body. Estradiol is the most potent form of all mammalian estrogenic steroids and acts as the major female sex hormone. As a pro-drug of estradiol, estradiol benzoate therefore has the same downstream effects within the body through binding to the Estrogen Receptor (ER) including ER\u03b1 and ER\u03b2 subtypes, which are located in various tissues including in the breasts, uterus, ovaries, skin, prostate, bone, fat, and brain.  Estradiol is commonly produced with an ester side-chain as endogenous estradiol has very low oral bioavailability on its own (2-10%). First-pass metabolism by the gut and the liver quickly degrades the estradiol molecule before it gets a chance to enter systemic circulation and exert its estrogenic effects. Esterification of estradiol aims to improves absorption and bioavailability after oral administration (such as with Estradiol valerate) or to sustain release from depot intramuscular injections (such as with Estradiol Cypionate) through improved lipophilicity. Following absorption, the esters are cleaved, resulting in the release of endogenous estradiol, or 17\u03b2-estradiol. Ester pro-drugs of estradiol are therefore considered to be bioidentical forms of estrogen.  Estradiol dienanthate is not currently available in any commercially available products in Canada or the US."]], ["Calcium chromate dihydrate", "O.O.[O-][Cr](=O)(=O)[O-].[Ca+2]", ["Calcium chromate dihydrate is a bright yellow powder. Loses water at 392 \u00b0F (200 \u00b0C).", "Calcium chromate is a chemical compound of calcium and hexavalant chromium. It is used as a pigment, a corrosion inhibitor, and in electroplating, photochemical processing, and industrial waste treatment. Hexavalent chromium refers to chemical compounds that contain the element chromium in the +6 oxidation state. Chromium(VI) is more toxic than other oxidation states of the chromium atom because of its greater ability to enter cells and higher redox potential. (L16, L52)"]], ["Silver fluoride", "[F-].[Ag+]", ["Silver fluoride is an odorless yellow to gray solid. Sinks and mixes with water. (USCG, 1999)", "Silver monofluoride is a silver salt and a fluoride salt.", "Silver(I) fluoride is a fluoride of silver. It is a strong fluorinating and oxidation agent. Silver is a metallic element with the chemical symbol Ag and atomic number 47. It occurs naturally in its pure, free form, as an alloy with gold and other metals, and in minerals such as argentite and chlorargyrite. (L808, L809, L836)"]], ["Arbutamine hydrochloride", "C1=CC(=CC=C1CCCCNC[C@@H](C2=CC(=C(C=C2)O)O)O)O.Cl", ["Arbutamine Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of arbutamine, a synthetic catecholamine with positive chronotropic and inotropic properties, used in echocardiography and diagnostic coronary angiography. Arbutamine binds to and activates beta-1 adrenergic receptors in the myocardium, thereby increasing heart rate and increasing force of myocardial contraction. By exerting a chronotropic and inotropic effect, arbutamine mimics the cardiac stress caused by exercise that may prevent adequate tissue perfusion and oxygenation, and may provoke myocardial ischemia in patients with coronary artery disease."]], ["Avasimibe", "CC(C)C1=C(C(=CC=C1)C(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)NC(=O)CC2=C(C=C(C=C2C(C)C)C(C)C)C(C)C", ["Avasimibe is a monoterpenoid.", "Avasimibe is an orally bioavailable inhibitor of acyl-Coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) that prevents cholesterol deposition in the arterial wall. Research was discontinued due to difficulties in assaying the effects of avasimibe on preventing plaque formation and due to its ability to increase the activity of Cytochrome P450 3A4, thus increasing the removal of other drugs from the body."]], ["Kafocin", "CC(=O)OCC1=C(N2[C@@H]([C@@H](C2=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](C3=CC=CC=C3)N)SC1)C(=O)O.O.O", ["Cephaloglycin is a semisynthetic first-generation cephalosporin with antibacterial activity. Cephaloglycin binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall. PBPs are enzymes involved in the terminal stages of assembling the bacterial cell wall and in reshaping the cell wall during growth and division. Inactivation of PBPs interferes with the cross-linkage of peptidoglycan chains necessary for bacterial cell wall strength and rigidity. This results in the weakening of the bacterial cell wall and causes cell lysis.", "A cephalorsporin antibiotic."]], ["Chromium lead molybdenum oxide", "[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Cr+3].[Cr+3].[Mo].[Mo].[Pb+2].[Pb+2]", ["Lead molybdenum chromate is a chemical compound of lead, molybedunum, and chromium. Lead is a heavy metal and stable element with the symbol Pb and the atomic number 82, existing in metallic, organic, and inorganic forms. It is mainly found in nature as the mineral galena (PbS), cerussite (PbCO3) or anglesite (PbSO4), usually in ore with zinc, silver, or copper. Hexavalent chromium refers to chemical compounds that contain the element chromium in the +6 oxidation state. Chromium(VI) is more toxic than other oxidation states of the chromium atom because of its greater ability to enter cells and higher redox potential. (L16, L21)"]], ["Technetium-99mTc-DTPA", "C(CN(CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])N(CCN(CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-].[99Tc+4]", ["Technetium Tc-99m DTPA is a radiopharmaceutical core of chelating agent DTPA (diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid) complexed with the gamma-emitting radionuclide technetium Tc 99m with radioimaging application. Tc-99m-DTPA has been utilized as a radiotracer, when conjugated to tissue specific molecules, in a wide variety of nuclear imaging studies, including brain, lung, and renal function studies.", "A technetium imaging agent used in renal scintigraphy, computed tomography, lung ventilation imaging, gastrointestinal scintigraphy, and many other procedures which employ radionuclide imaging agents."]], ["Xenon XE-127", "[127Xe]", ["Xenon xe-127 is an Inhalation Diagnostic Agent. The mechanism of action of xenon xe-127 is as a Radiopharmaceutical Activity."]], ["Potassium mercuric thiocyanate", "C(#N)[S-].C(#N)[S-].C(#N)[S-].C(#N)[S-].[K+].[K+].[Hg+2]", ["Mercury(II) thiocyanate is a chemical compound of mercury made by reacting a mercury(II) salt with a thiocyanate salt. It has previously been used in pyrotechnics. Mercury is a heavy, silvery d-block metal and one of six elements that are liquid at or near room temperature and pressure. It is a naturally occuring substance, and combines with other elements such as chlorine, sulfur, or oxygen to form inorganic mercury compounds (salts). Mercury also combines with carbon to make organic mercury compounds. (L1, L445)"]], ["Iodide ion I-131", "[131I-]", ["Iodide I-131 (as Sodium iodide I-131) is a radioisotopic drug used for the treatment and palliation of thyroid malignancy.  Iodine-131 is notable for causing mutation and death in cells that it penetrates, which is due to its mode of beta decay. As a result of beta decay, approximately 10% of its energy and radiation dose is via gamma radiation, while the other 90% (beta radiation) causes tissue damage without contributing to any ability to see or image the isotope. Low levels of beta radiation are also known for causing cancer as this dose is highly mutagenic. For this reason, less toxic iodine isotopes such as I-123 are more frequently used in nuclear imaging, while I-131 is reserved for its tissue destroying effects. Because the thyroid gland naturally takes up iodine from the body, therapeutic methods using radioisotopes can take advantage of this mechanism for localization of drug to the site of malignancy.   Therapeutic solutions of Sodium Iodide-131 are indicated for the treatment of hyperthyroidism and thyroid carcinomas that take up iodine.  Palliative effects may be observed in patients with advanced thyroid malignancy if the metastatic lesions take up iodine.  It is also indicated for use in performance of the radioactive iodide (RAI) uptake test to evaluate thyroid function.", "Iodide ion i-131 is a Radioactive Therapeutic Agent. The mechanism of action of iodide ion i-131 is as a Radiopharmaceutical Activity."]], ["Clorazepate dipotassium", "C1=CC=C(C=C1)C2=NC(C(=O)NC3=C2C=C(C=C3)Cl)C(=O)[O-].[OH-].[K+].[K+]", ["Dipotassium clorazepate is the compound of monopotassium clorazepate with potassium hydroxide. It is used for the management of anxiety disorders, for the short-term relief of anxiety, as adjunctive therapy in the management of epilepsy, and for the symptomatic relief of acute alcohol withdrawal. It has a role as a prodrug, an anticonvulsant, an anxiolytic drug and a GABA modulator. It contains a clorazepate monopotassium.", "Clorazepate Dipotassium is a benzodiazepine with anxiolytic, sedative, hypnotic, and anticonvulsant properties. Clorazepate dipotassium exerts its effect by de-activating the nervous system through potentiation of the inhibitory effect of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on the GABA-A receptors by binding to a site that is distinct from the GABA binding site. Its inhibitory effect is caused by an increase in GABA-mediated chloride channel opening events, leading to hyperpolarization and synaptic inhibition.", "A water-soluble benzodiazepine derivative effective in the treatment of anxiety. It has also muscle relaxant and anticonvulsant actions."]], ["Lead(2+);diphosphate", "[O-]P(=O)([O-])[O-].[O-]P(=O)([O-])[O-].[Pb+2].[Pb+2]", ["Lead phosphate is a phosphate of lead used as a stabilizer in plastics. Lead is a heavy metal and stable element with the symbol Pb and the atomic number 82, existing in metallic, organic, and inorganic forms. It is mainly found in nature as the mineral galena (PbS), cerussite (PbCO3) or anglesite (PbSO4), usually in ore with zinc, silver, or copper. (L21, L138)"]], ["Aspyrone", "C[C@@H]1[C@H](C=C(C(=O)O1)[C@H]2[C@@H](O2)C)O", ["Aspyrone is a member of the class of 2-pyranones that is 5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-one in which the hydrogens at positions 3, 5S and 6R are replaced by (2S,3S)-3-methyloxiran-2-yl, hydroxy and methyl groups, respectively. It is a fungal metabolite isolated from Aspergillus melleus and exhibits nematicidal, antibacterial and antifungal properties. It has a role as a mycotoxin, an antibacterial agent, an Aspergillus metabolite and a nematicide. It is a secondary alcohol, an epoxide, a polyketide, an antibiotic antifungal agent and a member of 2-pyranones.", "Aspyrone is a natural product found in Aspergillus melleus, Aspergillus westerdijkiae, and other organisms with data available."]], ["3-[[(2R)-2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanoyl]amino]propanoate", "CC(C)(CO)[C@H](C(=O)NCCC(=O)[O-])O", ["(R)-pantothenate is a pantothenate that is the conjugate base of (R)-pantothenic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group. It has a role as a plant metabolite and a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite. It is a pantothenate and a vitamin B5. It is a conjugate base of a (R)-pantothenic acid."]], ["2,2'-Anhydro-5-methyluridine", "CC1=CN2[C@H]3[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O3)CO)O)OC2=NC1=O", ["Uridine Phosphorylase Inhibitor TK-112690 is a 2,2'-anhydropyrimidine derivative and human uridine phosphorylase (UPase) inhibitor that can be used to suppress mucositis induced by certain chemotherapeutics. Upon administration of UPase inhibitor TK-112690 prior to the administration of certain chemotherapeutic agents, such as methotrexate (MTX), this agent targets, binds to and blocks the activity of UPase, thereby preventing the metabolic breakdown of uridine into uracil. This increases the uridine levels in plasma and may prevent mucositis. By rescuing normal tissue, TK-112690 may enhance the therapeutic index of the chemotherapeutic agent. UPase plays a key role in in pyrimidine metabolism, and catabolizes uridine into uracil and ribose-1-phosphate."]], ["Lauroylcarnitine", "CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](CC(=O)[O-])C[N+](C)(C)C", ["O-lauroyl-L-carnitine is an O-acyl-L-carnitine in which the acyl group is specified as lauroyl (dodecanoyl). It is an O-dodecanoylcarnitine, a dodecanoate ester and a saturated fatty acyl-L-carnitine.", "Lauroylcarnitine is a natural product found in Homo sapiens with data available.", "Dodecanoylcarnitine is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["Thiarabine", "C1=CN(C(=O)N=C1N)[C@H]2[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](S2)CO)O)O", ["Thiarabine is a analog of antimetabolite cytarabine (ara-C), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, thiarabine (T-araC) is phosphorylated to the triphosphate form T-araCTP and competes with cytidine for incorporation into DNA. This results in an inhibition of DNA replication and RNA synthesis, chain termination and may eventually decrease tumor cell proliferation. Compared to ara-C, T-araC appears to have a longer half-life and has a higher efficacy."]], ["Dihydroergocornine", "CC(C)[C@H]1C(=O)N2CCC[C@H]2[C@]3(N1C(=O)[C@](O3)(C(C)C)NC(=O)[C@@H]4C[C@H]5[C@@H](CC6=CNC7=CC=CC5=C67)N(C4)C)O", ["Dihydroergocornine is ergocornine in which a single bond replaces the double bond between positions 9 and 10. It is functionally related to an ergocornine. It derives from a hydride of an ergotaman.", "Dihydroergocornine is one of the dihydrogenated ergot compounds that present very large hypotensive effects. It is an artificial derivative of the crude extract of ergot and later purified, ergocornine. The formation of dihydroergocornine implies the hydrogenation of the double bonds in the lysergic acid. Dihydroergocornine presents a formula of 9,10 alpha-dihydro-12'-hydroxy-2',5'alpha-bis(1-methylethyl)-ergotaman-3',6',18-trione. It is found as one of the components in the ergoloid mesylate mixture. To know more about this mixture please refer to [DB01049]", "A 9,10alpha-dihydro derivative of ERGOTAMINE that contains isopropyl sidechains at the 2' and 5' positions of the molecule."]], ["Lanthanum Carbonate", "C(=O)([O-])[O-].C(=O)([O-])[O-].C(=O)([O-])[O-].[La+3].[La+3]", ["Lanthanum carbonate is a phosphate binder commonly used in clinical practice. It is marketed under the trade name Fosrenol by Shire Pharmaceuticals. It is the largest of all pills filled in community pharmacies. Sometimes patients forget that Fosrenol is not swallowed whole, but instead should be chewed. This has led to severe choking. It is prescribed for treating high phosphate levels, mainly found in patients with chronic kidney disease. Lanthanum should be taken with meals and binds to phosphate in the diet, preventing phosphate absorption in the intestine.", "Lanthanum Carbonate is the carbonate salt of lanthanum, a silvery white metallic element of the lanthanoids family, with phosphate binding property. Lanthanum carbonate dissociates in gastric acid to release lanthanum ions, which then binds dietary phosphate. This agent inhibits the absorption of phosphate by forming highly insoluble lanthanum-phosphate complexes that reduce concentrations of serum phosphate and calcium phosphate."]], ["Ferric maltol", "CC1=C(C(=O)C=CO1)[O-].CC1=C(C(=O)C=CO1)[O-].CC1=C(C(=O)C=CO1)[O-].[Fe+3]", ["Ferric maltol is an iron(III) atom complexed with 3 maltol molecules to increase the bioavailability compared to iron(II), without depositing it in the duodenum as insoluble ferric hydroxide and phosphate. Ferric maltol has been described in literature since at least the late 1980s as a potential treatment for iron deficiency.  Ferric maltol was granted FDA Approval on 25 July 2019."]], ["Dexverapamil Hydrochloride", "CC(C)[C@@](CCCN(C)CCC1=CC(=C(C=C1)OC)OC)(C#N)C2=CC(=C(C=C2)OC)OC.Cl", ["Dexverapamil hydrochloride is a hydrochloride salt resulting from the reaction of equimolar amounts of dexverapamil and hydrogen chloride. It competitively inhibits the multidrug resistance efflux pump P-glycoprotein (MDR-1, EC 3.6.3.44), thereby potentially increasing the effectiveness of a wide range of antineoplastic drugs which are inactivated by MDR-1 mechanisms. Dexverapamil hydrochloride exhibits lower calcium antagonistic activity and toxicity than racemic verapamil hydrochloride. It has a role as an EC 3.6.3.44 (xenobiotic-transporting ATPase) inhibitor. It contains a dexverapamil(1+). It is an enantiomer of a (S)-verapamil hydrochloride.", "Dexverapamil Hydrochloride is the R-enantiomer of the calcium channel blocker verapamil. Dexverapamil competitively inhibits the multidrug resistance efflux pump P-glycoprotein (MDR-1), thereby potentially increasing the effectiveness of a wide range of antineoplastic drugs which are inactivated by MDR-1 mechanisms.  This agent exhibits decreased calcium antagonistic activity and toxicity compared to racemic verapamil. (NCI04)"]], ["Mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate", "CCC(CCC(C)O)COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)O", ["Mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate is a phthalic acid monoester obtained by formal condensation of one of the carboxy groups of phthalic acid with the primary hydroxy group of 2-ethylhexane-1,5-diol It has a role as a human urinary metabolite and a human xenobiotic metabolite."]], ["Farglitazar", "CC1=C(N=C(O1)C2=CC=CC=C2)CCOC3=CC=C(C=C3)C[C@@H](C(=O)O)NC4=CC=CC=C4C(=O)C5=CC=CC=C5", ["Farglitazar is an L-tyrosine derived and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) agonist with hypoglycemic and lipid lowering activity. Farglitazar shows greater selectivity over PPARgamma than PPARalpha. This agent is developed for the treatment of hepatic fibrosis."]], ["Aluminum barium titanium oxide", "[O-2].[Al+3].[Ti+4].[Ba+2]", ["Aluminium barium titanium oxide is an oxide of aluminum, barium, and titanium. Moderately toxic by intraperitoneal route. Low toxicity by ingestion. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic vapors of Ba and Ti."]], ["Barium calcium titanium oxide", "[O-2].[Ca+2].[Ti+4].[Ba+2]", ["Barium calcium titanium oxide is an oxide of barium, calcium, and titanium. Barium is a metallic alkaline earth metal with the symbol Ba, and atomic number 56. It never occurs in nature in its pure form due to its reactivity with air, but combines with other chemicals such as sulfur or carbon and oxygen to form barium compounds that may be found as minerals. (L214, 408)"]], ["Amanullinic acid", "CCC(C)C1C(=O)NCC(=O)NC2CS(=O)C3=C(CC(C(=O)NCC(=O)N1)NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C4CC(CN4C(=O)C(NC2=O)CC(=O)O)O)C(C)CC)C5=C(N3)C=C(C=C5)O", ["Amanullinic acid is one of a group of at least eight Amatoxins found in several genera of poisonous mushrooms, most notably Amanita phalloides and several other members of the genus Amanita, as well as some Conocybe, Galerina and Lepiota mushroom species. (L1774)"]], ["Proamanullin", "CCC(C)C1C(=O)NCC(=O)NC2CS(=O)C3=C(CC(C(=O)NCC(=O)N1)NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C4CCCN4C(=O)C(NC2=O)CC(=O)N)C(C)CC)C5=C(N3)C=C(C=C5)O", ["Proamanullin is one of a group of at least eight Amatoxins found in several genera of poisonous mushrooms, most notably Amanita phalloides and several other members of the genus Amanita, as well as some Conocybe, Galerina and Lepiota mushroom species. (L1774)"]], ["Amiloride hydrochloride and hydrochlorothiazide", "C1NC2=CC(=C(C=C2S(=O)(=O)N1)S(=O)(=O)N)Cl.C1(=C(N=C(C(=N1)Cl)N)N)C(=O)N=C(N)N.Cl", ["A pyrazine compound inhibiting SODIUM reabsorption through SODIUM CHANNELS in renal EPITHELIAL CELLS. This inhibition creates a negative potential in the luminal membranes of principal cells, located in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct. Negative potential reduces secretion of potassium and hydrogen ions. Amiloride is used in conjunction with DIURETICS to spare POTASSIUM loss. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p705)"]], ["Pirbuterol acetate", "CC(=O)O.CC(C)(C)NCC(C1=NC(=C(C=C1)O)CO)O", ["Pirbuterol acetate is a hydroxypyridine.", "Pirbuterol Acetate is the acetate salt form of pirbuterol, a synthetic catecholamine and a pyridine derivative with sympathomimetic and bronchodilatory effects. Pirbuterol acetate selectively stimulates beta-2 adrenergic receptors, resulting in initiation of intracellular adenylate cyclase activity leading to increased levels of cAMP. As a result muscle relaxation (broncho- and vasodilation) occurs via cAMP-dependent signal transduction. In addition, elevated levels of cAMP inhibit release of inflammatory mediators from mast cells."]], ["Temocillin", "CC1([C@@H](N2[C@H](S1)[C@@](C2=O)(NC(=O)C(C3=CSC=C3)C(=O)O)OC)C(=O)O)C", ["Temocillin is a penicillin compound having a 6alpha-methoxy and 6beta-[2-carboxy(thiophen-3-yl)acetamido side-groups. It is a conjugate acid of a temocillin(2-).", "Temocillin has been investigated in Infection, Liver Dysfunction, and Urinary Tract Infection.", "Temocillin is a semisynthetic, narrow-spectrum, beta-lactamase-resistant penicillin with antibacterial activity. Temocillin binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall. Inactivation of PBPs interferes with the cross-linkage of peptidoglycan chains necessary for bacterial cell wall strength and rigidity. This interrupts bacterial cell wall synthesis and results in the weakening of the bacterial cell wall, eventually causing cell lysis."]], ["Milrinone lactate", "CC1=C(C=C(C(=O)N1)C#N)C2=CC=NC=C2.CC(C(=O)O)O", ["Milrinone Lactate is a bipyridine agent with positive inotropic and vasodilator properties.  Milrinone lactate selectively inhibits fraction III cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) phosphodiesterase isozymes in the heart and vascular muscles, thereby increasing cAMP and, consequently, an increase in cAMP-dependent intracellular ionized calcium and myocardium contractile force, and vasodilation in arteriolar and venous vascular smooth muscle.  This agent improves hemodynamics in patients with ventricular dysfunction by increasing the stroke volume index and left ventricular contractility and by producing pulmonary vasodilation. (NCI04)", "A positive inotropic cardiotonic agent with vasodilator properties. It inhibits cAMP phosphodiesterase type 3 activity in myocardium and vascular smooth muscle. Milrinone is a derivative of amrinone and has 20-30 times the inotropic potency of amrinone."]], ["Docosahexenoic acid", "CCCCCCCCCC=CC=CC=CC=CC=CC=CC(=O)O", ["Docosahexenoic acid is a natural product found in Sarcophyton trocheliophorum with data available."]], ["Arbekacin sulfate", "C1C[C@H]([C@H](O[C@@H]1CN)O[C@@H]2[C@H](C[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]2O)O[C@@H]3[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O3)CO)O)N)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCN)O)N)N.OS(=O)(=O)O", ["Arbekacin sulfate is an aminoglycoside sulfate salt. It is functionally related to an arbekacin."]], ["Migalastat", "C1[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@H](N1)CO)O)O)O", ["Migalastat is a member of piperidines.", "Fabry disease is a rare, progressive genetic disorder characterized by a defective GLA gene that causes a deficiency in the enzyme alpha-Galactosidase A (alpha-Gal A). This enzyme is responsible for breaking down glycosphingolipid substrate that, when deficient in patients with Fabry disease, builds up in the blood vessels, the kidneys, the nerves, the heart, and other organs. In the U.S., it is estimated that more than 3,000 people are living with Fabry disease, and an estimated more than 50 percent of these diagnosed patients are currently untreated.  Migalastat (approved and sold under Amicus Therapeutics' brand name Galafold) is subsequently an oral pharmacological chaperone of alpha-Gal A for the treatment of Fabry disease in adults who have amenable GLA variants. In these patients, migalastat works by stabilizing the body\u2019s own dysfunctional alpha-Gal A enzyme so that it can clear the accumulation of glycosphingolipid disease substrate. Globally, it is estimated that approximately 35 to 50 percent of Fabry patients may have amenable GLA variants that are treatable with migalastat.  Given the rarity of Fabry disease and the proportion of Fabry disease patients that could benefit from migalastat therapy, Amicus Therapeutics' brand name Galafold was approved using the Accelerated Approval pathway, under which the FDA may approve drugs for serious conditions where there is an unmet medical need and where a drug is shown to have certain effects that are reasonably likely to predict a clinical benefit to patients. A further study is required to verify and describe the clinical benefits of Galafold, and the sponsor will be conducting a confirmatory clinical trial of Galafold in adults with Fabry disease.  Additionally, Galafold was alzo granted Priority Review designation, under which the FDA\u2019s goal is to take action on an application within six months of application filing where the agency determines that the drug, if approved, would provide a significant improvement in treating, diagnosing or preventing a serious condition over available therapies. Galafold also received Orphan Drug designation, which provides incentives to assist and encourage the development of drugs for rare diseases.  As of August 2018, migalastat under Amicus Therapeutics' brand name Galafold is currently approved in Australia, Canada, European Union, Israel, Japan, South Korea, Switzerland, and the United States.", "Migalastat is pharmacologic chaperone of alpha-galactosidase the intrahepatic enzyme that is deficient in Fabry disease. Clinical experience with migalastat is limited, but it not been linked to serum enzyme elevations during therapy or to instances of clinically apparent acute liver injury."]], ["Enzastaurin Hydrochloride", "CN1C=C(C2=CC=CC=C21)C3=C(C(=O)NC3=O)C4=CN(C5=CC=CC=C54)C6CCN(CC6)CC7=CC=CC=N7.Cl", ["Enzastaurin Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt of enzastaurin, a synthetic macrocyclic bisindolemaleimide with potential antineoplastic activity.  Binding to the ATP-binding site, enzastaurin selectively inhibits protein kinase C beta, an enzyme involved in the induction of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-stimulated neo-angiogenesis. This agent may decrease tumor blood supply and so tumor burden."]], ["Gacyclidine", "C[C@H]1CCCC[C@@]1(C2=CC=CS2)N3CCCCC3", ["Gacyclidine has been used in trials studying the treatment of Tinnitus."]], ["Apomine", "CC(C)OP(=O)(C(CC1=CC(=C(C(=C1)C(C)(C)C)O)C(C)(C)C)P(=O)(OC(C)C)OC(C)C)OC(C)C", ["Apomine has been used in trials studying the treatment of Osteoporosis and Unspecified Adult Solid Tumor, Protocol Specific.", "Apomine is a 1,1-bisphosphonate ester with potential antineoplastic and hypocholesterolemic activities. SR-45023A binds to hydroxyapatite crystals in the bone matrix where it inhibits enzymatic activity of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, which is required for the formation of mevalonate, the precursor of cholesterol. Consequently, shortage of mevalonate impedes the synthesis of downstream isoprenoids that are essential for protein prenylation. This leads to the loss of activity of proteins involved in osteoclast function and cellular proliferation, such as Ras and Rho, leading to an inhibition of cellular proliferation, and induction of osteoclasts apoptosis. In addition, SR-45023A activates the farnesoid X activated receptor (FXR), a member of the nuclear hormone superfamily implicated in cholesterol metabolism and bile acid transport and may play a role in this agent's antineoplastic effect."]], ["3'-C-Ethynylcytidine", "C#C[C@]1([C@H](O[C@H]([C@@H]1O)N2C=CC(=NC2=O)N)CO)O", ["TAS-106 is a new nucleoside antimetabolite. TAS-106 has demonstrated strong antitumor activity without serious toxicity in nude rat models bearing human tumours.", "3'-C-ethynylcytidine is a synthetic cytidine nucleoside containing a covalently bound ethynyl group with potential antineoplastic and radiosensitizing activities. 3'-C-ethynylcytidine is metabolized in tumor cells to ethynylcytidine triphosphate (ECTP), which inhibits RNA synthesis by competitive inhibition of RNA polymerases I, II and III; subsequently, RNase L is activated, resulting in apoptosis. RNase L is a potent antiviral and antiproliferative endoribonuclease that cleaves singled stranded RNA, causes 28s rRNA fragmentation, and activates Janus Kinase (JAK), a mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis signaling molecule."]], ["Darusentan", "COC1=CC(=NC(=N1)O[C@H](C(=O)O)C(C2=CC=CC=C2)(C3=CC=CC=C3)OC)OC", ["Darusentan is a selective endothelin ETA receptor antagonist. It is being evaluated as a treatment for congestive heart failure and hypertension."]], ["Piboserod", "CCCCN1CCC(CC1)CNC(=O)C2=C3N(CCCO3)C4=CC=CC=C42", ["Piboserod (SB 207266) is a selective 5-HT(4) receptor antagonist."]], ["Picoplatin", "CC1=CC=CC=N1.N.[Cl-].[Cl-].[Pt+2]", ["Picoplatin is a cytotoxic platinum compound in clinical development for the treatment of patients with solid tumors. It causes apoptosis (cell death) by binding to DNA and interfering with DNA replication and transcription.", "Picoplatin is a new generation organic platinum analog with an extended spectrum of antineoplastic activity. Designed to overcome platinum drug resistance, picoplatin alkylates DNA, forming both inter- and intra-strand cross-linkages, resulting in inhibition of DNA replication and transcription, and the induction of apoptosis."]], ["Amonafide dihydrochloride", "CN(C)CCN1C(=O)C2=CC=CC3=CC(=CC(=C32)C1=O)N.Cl.Cl", ["Amonafide Dihydrochloride is the dihydrochloride salt of amonafide, an imide derivative of naphthalic acid.  Amonafide intercalates into DNA and inhibits topoisomerase II, resulting in protein-associated strand breaks and impaired DNA and RNA synthesis."]], ["Etalocib", "CCCC1=C(C=CC=C1OC2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)O)OCCCOC3=CC(=C(C=C3CC)C4=CC=C(C=C4)F)O", ["LY293111 is an aromatic ether.", "Etalocib has been used in trials studying the treatment of Pancreatic Cancer, Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung, and Unspecified Adult Solid Tumor, Protocol Specific.", "Etalocib is a second-generation selective leukotriene B4 receptor (LTB4R) antagonist with potential antineoplastic activity. Although the exact underlying mechanism through which LY293111 exerts its effects has not been fully elucidated, this agent selectively binds to and blocks LTB4Rs, thereby inhibiting the downstream signalling pathway. LY29311 has been shown to induce apoptosis and inhibits cellular proliferation in LTB4R expressing cells, such as pancreatic cancer cells."]], ["Russian VX", "CCN(CC)CCSP(=O)(C)OCC(C)C", ["VR nerve agent is a organic thiophosphate that is the isobutyl ester of S-[2-(diethylamino)ethyl] O hydrogen methylphosphonothioate. A toxic nerve agent developed by the former Soviet Union. It has a role as a neurotoxin and an EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor. It is an organic thiophosphate and a tertiary amino compound."]], ["Indisetron", "CN1C[C@H]2CC(C[C@@H](C1)N2C)NC(=O)C3=NNC4=CC=CC=C43", ["Indisetron is an aromatic amide and a member of indazoles."]], ["Pozanicline", "CC1=C(C=CC=N1)OC[C@@H]2CCCN2", ["ABT-089 is a neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist that may have therapeutic utility for the treatment of several neurological disorders including Alzheimer, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Schizophrenia/Schizoaffective disorders. In radioligand binding studies, ABT-089 has shown selectivity toward the alpha4beta2 nAChR subtype as compared to the alpha7 and alpha1beta1deltagamma nAChR subtypes. Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) modulate the release of several important neurotransmitters, such as acetylcholine and dopamine."]], ["Enrasentan", "CCCOC1=CC2=C(C=C1)[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]2C3=C(C=C(C=C3)OC)OCCO)C(=O)O)C4=CC5=C(C=C4)OCO5", ["Enrasentan is a member of the class of indanes that is 2,3-dihydro-1H-indene which is substituted by a 1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl group, carboxy group, 2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-4-methoxyphenyl group and a propoxy group at positions 1S, 2R, 3S and 5, respectively. It is an orally active mixed endothelin A/B receptor antagonist with a 100-fold greater affinity for the endothelin A receptor. The drug was being developed by GSK for the treatment of congestive heart failure and pulmonary hypertension (clinical trials discontinued). It has a role as an endothelin receptor antagonist and an antihypertensive agent. It is a monocarboxylic acid, a member of benzodioxoles, an aromatic ether, a member of indanes, a monomethoxybenzene and a primary alcohol."]], ["Arzoxifene", "COC1=CC=C(C=C1)C2=C(C3=C(S2)C=C(C=C3)O)OC4=CC=C(C=C4)OCCN5CCCCC5", ["Arzoxifene is a synthetic, aromatic derivative with anti-estrogenic properties.  Similar to the agent raloxifene, arzoxifene binds to and interacts with estrogen receptors as a mixed estrogen agonist/antagonist. This agent exhibits greater bioavailability and higher anti-estrogenic potency in the breast than does raloxifene; it exhibits reduced estrogenicity in the uterus compared with either tamoxifen or raloxifene.  Arzoxifene may have beneficial effects on bone and the cardiovascular system (NCI04)"]], ["Arzoxifene hydrochloride", "COC1=CC=C(C=C1)C2=C(C3=C(S2)C=C(C=C3)O)OC4=CC=C(C=C4)OCCN5CCCCC5.Cl", ["Arzoxifene Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt of arzoxifene, a synthetic aromatic derivative with anti-estrogenic properties. Arzoxifene binds to estrogen receptors as a mixed estrogen agonist/antagonist. In comparison to other selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), arzoxifene exhibits greater bioavailability and higher anti-estrogenic potency in the breast than raloxifene; it exhibits reduced estrogenicity in the uterus compared with either tamoxifen or raloxifene. This agent may have beneficial effects on bone and the cardiovascular system."]], ["Asimadoline", "CN([C@H](CN1CC[C@@H](C1)O)C2=CC=CC=C2)C(=O)C(C3=CC=CC=C3)C4=CC=CC=C4", ["Asimadoline is a proprietary small molecule therapeutic, originally discovered by Merck KGaA of Darmstadt, Germany. Asimadoline was originally developed to treat peripheral pain such as arthritis. Asimadoline is an orally administered agent that acts as a kappa opioid receptor agonist. It has shown encouraging clinical efficacy for the treatment of IBS in a barostat study in IBS patients and has the potential for treating other gastrointestinal diseases."]], ["ZINC;dioxido(dioxo)chromium;dihydrate", "O.O.[O-][Cr](=O)(=O)[O-].[Zn+2]", ["Zinc chromate hydroxide is a chemical compound of zinc and hexavalent chromium. Zinc is a metallic element with the atomic number 30. It is found in nature most often as the mineral sphalerite. Though excess zinc in harmful, in smaller amounts it is an essential element for life, as it is a cofactor for over 300 enzymes and is found in just as many transcription factors. Hexavalent chromium refers to chemical compounds that contain the element chromium in the +6 oxidation state. Chromium(VI) is more toxic than other oxidation states of the chromium atom because of its greater ability to enter cells and higher redox potential. (L16L48, L49)"]], ["Dizocilpine", "C[C@@]12C3=CC=CC=C3C[C@@H](N1)C4=CC=CC=C24", ["Dizocilpine is an organic heterotetracyclic compound that is 1-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane ortho-fused to two benzene rings at positions 2-3 and 6-7 (the 5S,10R-stereoisomer). It is a non-competitive antagonist of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor and affects cognitive function, learning, and memory. It has a role as a NMDA receptor antagonist, an anaesthetic, an anticonvulsant, a nicotinic antagonist and a neuroprotective agent. It is a secondary amino compound and a tetracyclic antidepressant. It is a conjugate base of a dizocilpine(1+).", "A potent noncompetitive antagonist of the NMDA receptor (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) used mainly as a research tool. The drug has been considered for the wide variety of neurodegenerative conditions or disorders in which NMDA receptors may play an important role. Its use has been primarily limited to animal and tissue experiments because of its psychotropic effects."]], ["Tritriacontanoic acid", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O", ["Psyllic acid is a very long-chain fatty acid.", "Tritriacontanoic acid is a natural product found in Rhizophora apiculata, Tripterygium wilfordii, and Pedalium murex with data available.", "Dried, ripe seeds of PLANTAGO PSYLLIUM; PLANTAGO INDICA; and PLANTAGO OVATA. Plantain seeds swell in water and are used as demulcents and bulk laxatives."]], ["Prednisolone metasulfobenzoate", "C[C@]12C[C@@H]([C@H]3[C@H]([C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(C(=O)COC(=O)C4=CC(=CC=C4)S(=O)(=O)O)O)CCC5=CC(=O)C=C[C@]35C)O", ["Prednisolone sulfobenzoate is a corticosteroid hormone."]], ["(+)-Epicatechin", "C1[C@@H]([C@@H](OC2=CC(=CC(=C21)O)O)C3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)O)O", ["(+)-epicatechin is a catechin that is flavan carrying five hydroxy substituents at positions 3, 3', 4', 5 and 7 (the 2S,3S-stereoisomer). It has a role as a cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor and a plant metabolite. It is a catechin and a polyphenol. It is an enantiomer of a (-)-epicatechin.", "(+)-Epicatechin is a natural product found in Gambeya perpulchra, Pavetta owariensis, and other organisms with data available."]], ["20R-Camptothecin", "CC[C@]1(C2=C(COC1=O)C(=O)N3CC4=CC5=CC=CC=C5N=C4C3=C2)O", ["IT-101 is a conjugate of Insert's proprietary drug delivery molecule, Cyclosert, and the potent anti-cancer compound camptothecin."]], ["Melandrin", "C1=CC(=CC=C1C(=O)NC2=C(C=C(C=C2)O)C(=O)O)O", ["Melandrin is a natural product found in Silene firma with data available."]], ["(S)-Propafenone", "CCCNC[C@@H](COC1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)CCC2=CC=CC=C2)O", ["(S)-Propafenone is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02710669 (New Formulations of Propafenone to Treat Atrial Fibrillation)."]], ["Molybdenum metallic", "[Mo+2]", ["Molybdenum is a transition metal with the atomic symbol Mo, atomic number 42, and atomic weight 95.94. The pure metal is silvery white in color, fairly soft, and has one of the highest melting points of all pure elements. Physiologically, it exists as an ion in the body. It is an essential trace element, being a component of the enzymes xanthine oxidase, aldehyde oxidase, and nitrate reductase. There is a trace requirement for molybdenum in plants, and soils can be barren due to molybdenum deficiencies. Plants and animals generally have molybdenum present in amounts of a few parts per million. In animals molybdenum is a cofactor of the enzyme xanthine oxidase which is involved in the pathways of purine degradation and formation of uric acid. In some animals, adding a small amount of dietary molybdenum enhances growth. Francis Crick suggested that since molybdenum is an essential trace element that plays an important role in many enzymatic reactions, despite being less abundant than the more common elements, such as chromium and nickel, that perhaps this fact is indicative of Panspermia. Crick theorized that if it could be shown that the elements represented in terrestrial living organisms correlate closely with those that are abundant in some class of star - molybdenum stars, for example, that this would provide evidence of such Directed Panspermia. In small quantities, molybdenum is effective at hardening steel. Molybdenum is important in plant nutrition, and is found in certain enzymes, including xanthine oxidase. Molybdenum is used to this day in high-strength alloys and in high-temperature steels. Special molybdenum-containing alloys, such as the Hastelloys, are notably heat-resistant and corrosion-resistant. Molybdenum is used in oil pipelines, aircraft and missile parts, and in filaments. Molybdenum finds use as a catalyst in the petroleum industry, especially in catalysts for removing organic sulfurs from petroleum products. It is used to form the anode in some x-ray tubes, particularly in mammography applications. And is found in some electronic applications as the conductive metal layers in thin-film transistors (TFTs). Molybdenum disulfide is a good lubricant, especially at high temperatures. And Mo-99 is used in the nuclear isotope industry. Molybdenum pigments range from red-yellow to a bright red orange and are used in paints, inks, plastics, and rubber compounds."]], ["trans-Stilbene oxide", "C1=CC=C(C=C1)[C@@H]2[C@H](O2)C3=CC=CC=C3", ["R-trans-stilbene oxide is a trans-stilbene oxide. It is an enantiomer of a S-trans-stilbene oxide."]], ["Aflatoxin B1", "COC1=C2C3=C(C(=O)CC3)C(=O)OC2=C4[C@@H]5C=CO[C@@H]5OC4=C1", ["Aflatoxin b-1 appears as colorless to pale yellow crystals or white powder. Exhibits blue fluorescence. (NTP, 1992)", "Aflatoxin B1 is an aflatoxin having a tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]furo[3',2':4,5]furo[2,3-h]chromene skeleton with oxygen functionality at positions 1, 4 and 11. It has a role as a human metabolite and a carcinogenic agent. It is an aflatoxin, an aromatic ether and an aromatic ketone.", "Aflatoxin B1 is a natural product found in Aspergillus flavus, Streptomyces roseolus, and other organisms with data available.", "Aflatoxin B1 is a member of a group of mycotoxins produced by Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus. Alflatoxin B1 is the most hepatotoxic and hepatocarcinogenic of the aflatoxins and occurs as a contaminant in a variety of foods.", "A potent hepatotoxic and hepatocarcinogenic mycotoxin produced by the Aspergillus flavus group of fungi. It is also mutagenic, teratogenic, and causes immunosuppression in animals. It is found as a contaminant in peanuts, cottonseed meal, corn, and other grains. The mycotoxin requires epoxidation to aflatoxin B1 2,3-oxide for activation. Microsomal monooxygenases biotransform the toxin to the less toxic metabolites aflatoxin M1 and Q1."]], ["Levocarnitine propionate", "CCC(=O)O[C@H](CC(=O)[O-])C[N+](C)(C)C", ["O-propanoyl-L-carnitine is an optically active O-acylcarnitine compound having propanoyl as the acyl substituent and (R)-configuration at the 3-position. It has a role as a peripheral nervous system drug. It is an O-propanoylcarnitine and a saturated fatty acyl-L-carnitine."]], ["2-Ethylhydracrylic acid", "CCC(CO)C(=O)O", ["2-ethylhydracrylic acid is a branched-chain saturated fatty acid that is butanoic acid substituted by a hydroxymethyl group at position 2. It is a metabolite derived from the isoleucine metabolism. It has a role as a human metabolite. It is a short-chain fatty acid, a branched-chain saturated fatty acid and a hydroxy fatty acid. It is a conjugate acid of a 2-ethylhydracrylate."]], ["Dexnebivolol", "C1CC2=C(C=CC(=C2)F)O[C@H]1[C@@H](CNC[C@H]([C@@H]3CCC4=C(O3)C=CC(=C4)F)O)O", ["(S,R,R,R)-nebivolol is a 2,2'-iminobis[1-(6-fluoro-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-2-yl)ethanol] that has (1R,1'R,2R,2'S)-configuration. It is a conjugate base of a (S,R,R,R)-nebivolol(1+). It is an enantiomer of a (R,S,S,S)-nebivolol.", "Nebivolol is a beta-Adrenergic Blocker. The mechanism of action of nebivolol is as an Adrenergic beta-Antagonist.", "Nebivolol is a beta-blocker and antihypertensive medication that has additional vasodilatory activity mediated by nitric oxide release. Nebivolol has yet to be linked to instances of clinically apparent liver injury.", "Nebivolol is a beta-1 adrenergic receptor antagonist with antihypertensive and vasodilatory activity. Nebivolol binds to and blocks the beta-1 adrenergic receptors in the heart, thereby decreasing cardiac contractility and rate. This leads to a reduction in cardiac output and lowers blood pressure. In addition, nebivolol potentiates nitric oxide (NO), thereby relaxing vascular smooth muscle and exerting a vasodilatory effect.", "A cardioselective ADRENERGIC BETA-1 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST (beta-blocker) that functions as a VASODILATOR through the endothelial L-arginine/ NITRIC OXIDE system. It is used to manage HYPERTENSION and chronic HEART FAILURE in elderly patients."]], ["Gadobutrol", "C1CN(CCN(CCN(CCN1CC(=O)O)CC(=O)O)C(CO)C(CO)O)CC(=O)O", ["Gadobutrol is a gadolinium-based, hydrophilic, macrocyclic, electrically neutral contrast agent used in contrast-enhanced MRI (CE-MRI). Gadobutrol is a non-ionic, paramagnetic complex consisting of gadolinium (Gd3+) chelated with the macrocyclic compound dihydroxy-hydroxymethylpropyl-tetraazacyclododecane-triacetic acid (butrol). Following intravenous administration, gadobutrol may increase MRI sensitivity for the detection of tumors and inflammatory and demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) that are associated with areas with blood-brain barrier defects due to altered perfusion or an enlarged extracellular space. This agent is eliminated in an unchanged form via the kidneys; extra-renal elimination is negligible."]], ["Dioxosilane Hydrate", "O.O=[Si]=O", ["A hydrated form of silicon dioxide. It is commonly used in the manufacture of TOOTHPASTES and as a stationary phase for CHROMATOGRAPHY."]], ["Hexestrol", "CC[C@H](C1=CC=C(C=C1)O)[C@@H](CC)C2=CC=C(C=C2)O", ["A synthetic estrogen that has been used as a hormonal antineoplastic agent.", "Hexestrol is a synthetic hydrogenated derivative of diethylstilbestrol (DES). Hexestrol exhibits strong affinity for estrogen receptors that are overexpressed in some types of cancers.  When conjugated with a neoplastic drug, hexestrol may selectively concentrate the cytotoxic agent in estrogen receptor-rich tumors.  This agent may also be mutagenic. (NCI04)", "A synthetic estrogen that has been used as a hormonal antineoplastic agent.", "A synthetic estrogen that has been used as a hormonal antineoplastic agent."]], ["Norursodeoxycholic Acid", "C[C@H](CC(=O)O)[C@H]1CC[C@@H]2[C@@]1(CC[C@H]3[C@H]2[C@H](C[C@H]4[C@@]3(CC[C@H](C4)O)C)O)C", ["norUrsodeoxycholic acid is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03872921 (Norursodeoxycholic Acid vs Placebo in PSC)."]], ["Cns-5161", "CN(C1=CC(=CC=C1)SC)C(=NC2=C(C=CC(=C2)SC)Cl)N", ["CNS 5161 is a blocker of the NMDA ion channel and has completed Phase IIa proof of concept clinical trials as a novel compound for the treatment of neuropathic pain."]], ["7-Keto-dehydroepiandrosterone", "C[C@]12CC[C@H]3[C@H]([C@@H]1CCC2=O)C(=O)C=C4[C@@]3(CC[C@@H](C4)O)C", ["7-ketodehydroepiandrosterone is a 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid that is dehydroepiandrosterone carrying an additional oxo group at position 7. It has a role as a human blood serum metabolite, a nutraceutical and a prohormone. It is a 17-oxo steroid, a 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid, an androstanoid and a 7-oxo steroid. It is functionally related to a dehydroepiandrosterone."]], ["2-Hydroxyadipic acid", "C(CC(C(=O)O)O)CC(=O)O", ["2-hydroxyadipic acid is an adipic acid derivative having a 2-hydroxy substituent. It is a 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid and a dicarboxylic fatty acid. It is functionally related to an adipic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a 2-hydroxyadipate(2-).", "2-Hydroxyadipic acid is a natural product found in Aloe africana and Caenorhabditis elegans with data available.", "2-Hydroxyadipic acid is a hydroxy-dicarboxylic acid formed by the reduction of 2-ketoadipic acid. Deficiency of 2-ketoadipic dehydrogenase causes 2-ketoadipic acidemia (OMIM 245130), a condition characterized by accumulation and excretion of 2-hydroxyadipic acid (with 2-ketoadipic and 2-aminoadipic) probably without adverse phenotypic effects.(OMMBID - The Metabolic and Molecular Bases of Inherited Disease, CH.95). A method involving derivatization and combined gas chromatography--mass spectrometry has been recently developed to separate the enantiomers of 3-hydroxyadipic acid  It has been shown that 3-hydroxyadipic acid excreted in urine consists of at least 95% of the L-enantiomer. This finding supports the hypothesis that dicarboxylic acids are degraded by ordinary beta-oxidation, and indicates that adipic acid may be converted into succinic acid.  (A3342, A3342)."]], ["2-Methylbutyrylglycine", "CCC(C)C(=O)NCC(=O)O", ["N-(2-methylbutanoyl)glycine is a N-acylglycine that is glycine substituted by a 2-methylbutanoyl group at the N atom. It has a role as a human metabolite. It is functionally related to a 2-methylbutyric acid."]], ["N-(3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-3-cyanobenzene-sulfonamide", "CC1=C2C(=CNC2=C(C=C1)NS(=O)(=O)C3=CC=CC(=C3)C#N)C#N", ["E7820 has been investigated for the treatment of Colon Cancer and Rectal Cancer.", "Integrin alpha-2 Inhibitor E7820 is a small molecule and aromatic sulfonamide derivative with potential antiangiogenic and antitumor activities. E7820 inhibits angiogenesis by suppressing integrin alpha 2, a cell adhesion molecule expressed on endothelial cells. Inhibition of integrin alpha 2 leads to an inhibition of cell-cell interactions, endothelial cell-matrix interactions, vascular endothelial cell proliferation and angiogenesis."]], ["Tripelennamine citrate", "CN(C)CCN(CC1=CC=CC=C1)C2=CC=CC=N2.C(C(=O)O)C(CC(=O)O)(C(=O)O)O", ["A histamine H1 antagonist with low sedative action but frequent gastrointestinal irritation. It is used to treat ASTHMA; HAY FEVER; URTICARIA; and RHINITIS; and also in veterinary applications. Tripelennamine is administered by various routes, including topically."]], ["Cyanidin 3-O-glucoside", "C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=[O+]C3=CC(=CC(=C3C=C2O[C@H]4[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O)O.[Cl-]", ["Cyanidin 3-O-glucoside is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["Anileridine hydrochloride", "CCOC(=O)C1(CCN(CC1)CCC2=CC=C(C=C2)N)C3=CC=CC=C3.Cl", ["Anileridine Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of anileridine, an opioid receptor agonist belonging to the piperidine class with analgesic activity. By binding to and activating opioid receptors in the central nervous sytem (CNS), anileridine mimics the endogenous opioids resulting in a decrease of nociceptve neurotransmitters and eventually an analgesic effect."]], ["Meglumine gadobenate", "[H+].[H+].CNC[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](CO)O)O)O)O.CNC[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](CO)O)O)O)O.C1=CC=C(C=C1)COCC(C(=O)[O-])N(CCN(CCN(CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-].[Gd+3]", ["Gadobenate Dimeglumine is a gadolinium-based paramagnetic contrast agent. When placed in a magnetic field, gadobenate dimeglumine produces a large magnetic moment and so a large local magnetic field, which can enhance the relaxation rate of nearby protons; as a result, the signal intensity of tissue images observed with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be enhanced. Because this agent is preferentially taken up by normal functioning hepatocytes, normal hepatic tissue is enhanced with MRI while tumor tissue is unenhanced. In addition, because gadobenate dimeglumine is excreted in the bile, it may be used to visualize the biliary system using MRI."]], ["Ferrous gluconate dihydrate", "C([C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](C(=O)[O-])O)O)O)O)O.C([C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](C(=O)[O-])O)O)O)O)O.O.O.[Fe+2]", ["Ferrous gluconate is a L-alpha-D-Hepp-(1->7)-L-alpha-D-Hepp-(1->3)-L-alpha-D-Hepp-(1->5)-alpha-Kdo.", "Ferrous Gluconate is a form of mineral iron for oral administration, Ferrous Gluconate is absorbed in the stomach and small intestine and combines with apoferritin to form ferritin, which is stored in the liver, spleen, red bone marrow, and intestinal mucosa. Important in transport of oxygen by hemoglobin to the tissues, iron is also found in myoglobin, transferrin, and ferritin, and is as a component of many enzymes such as catalase, peroxidase, and cytochromes. (NCI04)"]], ["Betahistine mesilate", "CNCCC1=CC=CC=N1.CS(=O)(=O)O.CS(=O)(=O)O", ["Betahistine mesilate is an aralkylamine.", "A histamine analog and H1 receptor agonist that serves as a vasodilator. It is used in MENIERE DISEASE and in vascular headaches but may exacerbate bronchial asthma and peptic ulcers."]], ["5-(3-((2S)-(1,4-Benzodioxan-2-ylmethyl)amino)propoxy)-1,3-benzodioxol hydrochloride", "C1[C@@H](OC2=CC=CC=C2O1)CNCCCOC3=CC4=C(C=C3)OCO4.Cl", ["MN-305 is a novel, potent and highly selective serotonin 5-HT1A receptor agonist under development by MediciNova for the treatment of anxiety disorders beginning with Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)."]], ["Zanapezil", "C1CCNC2=C(C1)C=CC(=C2)C(=O)CCC3CCN(CC3)CC4=CC=CC=C4", ["Zanapezil is a member of piperidines.", "Zanapezil (TAK-147) is a selective acetylcholine (ACh) esterase inhibitor under investigation as a drug for Alzheimer's disease (AD) treatment."]], ["Repinotan", "C1CC2=CC=CC=C2O[C@H]1CNCCCCN3C(=O)C4=CC=CC=C4S3(=O)=O", ["Repinotan is a high-affinity, selective, full agonist of the 5HT1A-receptor subtype with neuroprotective properties."]], ["Sertaconazole nitrate", "C1=CC2=C(C(=C1)Cl)SC=C2COC(CN3C=CN=C3)C4=C(C=C(C=C4)Cl)Cl.[N+](=O)(O)[O-]", ["Sertaconazole Nitrate is the nitrate salt form of sertaconazole, a synthetic imidazole derivative with antifungal property. Sertaconazole nitrate inhibits fungal cytochrome P-450 sterol C-14 alpha-demethylation, resulting in the accumulation of fungal 14 alpha-methyl sterols and the inhibition of ergosterol synthesis, an essential component of the cell membrane of fungi. This leads to a disruption of cell membrane permeability and leakage of adenine triphosphate (ATP) and other constituents from fugal cells."]], ["Levopropoxyphene", "CCC(=O)O[C@@](CC1=CC=CC=C1)(C2=CC=CC=C2)[C@@H](C)CN(C)C", ["Levopropoxyphene is a 1-benzyl-3-(dimethylamino)-2-methyl-1-phenylpropyl propanoate. It has a role as an antitussive. It is an enantiomer of a dextropropoxyphene.", "Levopropoxyphene is a stereoisomer of propoxyphene in the form of 2S, 3R enantiomer. It was sold as an antitussive, but it was removed from the market in the 70s. Levopropoxyphene was developed by Lilly and FDA approved on March 21st, 1962. This drug presented different dosages and it was administered as a capsule or suspension.", "A propionate derivative that is used to suppress coughing."]], ["Troleandomycin", "C[C@@H]1C[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O1)O[C@H]2[C@H](C[C@@]3(CO3)C(=O)[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@H](OC(=O)[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]2C)O[C@H]4C[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O4)C)OC(=O)C)OC)C)C)C)OC(=O)C)C)C)OC(=O)C)N(C)C", ["Troleandomycin is a semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic obtained by acetylation of the three free hydroxy groups of oleandomycin. Troleandomycin is only found in individuals that have taken the drug. It has a role as an EC 1.14.13.97 (taurochenodeoxycholate 6alpha-hydroxylase) inhibitor and a xenobiotic. It is a macrolide antibiotic, a polyketide, a monosaccharide derivative, an epoxide, an acetate ester and a semisynthetic derivative. It is functionally related to an oleandomycin.", "A macrolide antibiotic that is similar to erythromycin.", "A macrolide antibiotic that is similar to ERYTHROMYCIN."]], ["Betahistine hydrochloride", "CNCCC1=CC=CC=N1.Cl", ["Betahistine Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of betahistine, a histamine analog with weak histamine H1 agonistic and more potent histamine H3 antagonistic properties. Upon intranasal administration, betahistine binds to histamine H1 and H3 receptors and exerts its agonistic and antagonistic actions locally and centrally. This promotes cochlear, vestibular and cerebral blood flow, decreases neuronal firing in the vestibular nuclei and increases histamine synthesis and release in the brain which facilitates vestibular compensation. Increased blood flow around the inner ear reduces the amount of fluid in the inner ear and may alleviate vertigo, tinnitus, and hearing loss.", "A histamine analog and H1 receptor agonist that serves as a vasodilator. It is used in MENIERE DISEASE and in vascular headaches but may exacerbate bronchial asthma and peptic ulcers."]], ["Masilukast", "CC1=CC=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)NC(=O)C2=CC(=C(C=C2)CC3=CN(C4=C3C=C(C=C4)C(=O)NC[C@H](C)CC(F)(F)F)C)OC", ["Masilukast is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01740986 (Safety and Efficacy of SA09012 in Asthma)."]], ["Revaprazan", "CC1C2=CC=CC=C2CCN1C3=NC(=NC(=C3C)C)NC4=CC=C(C=C4)F", ["Revaprazan is a member of isoquinolines.", "Revaprazan is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01750437 (Phase 2 Clinical Trial to Investigate the Safety, Tolerability and Efficacy of YH1885L in Patients With Non-erosive Reflux Disease(nerd))."]], ["dl-alpha-Prodine", "CCC(=O)O[C@]1(CCN(C[C@H]1C)C)C2=CC=CC=C2", ["An opioid analgesic chemically related to and with an action resembling that of MEPERIDINE, but more rapid in onset and of shorter duration. It has been used in obstetrics, as pre-operative medication, for minor surgical procedures, and for dental procedures. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1067)"]], ["Muraglitazar", "CC1=C(N=C(O1)C2=CC=CC=C2)CCOC3=CC=C(C=C3)CN(CC(=O)O)C(=O)OC4=CC=C(C=C4)OC", ["Muraglitazar is a member of 1,3-oxazoles.", "Muraglitazar (Bristol-Myers Squibb/Merck) is a new agent under investigation for the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes. It belongs to a novel class of drugs that target the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, both alpha and gamma subtypes. In addition to improvements in blood glucose and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), muraglitazar treatment is associated with a substantial reduction in triglycerides (TGs), an increase in HDL-C, and a modest decrease in LDL-C levels.", "Muraglitazar is a dual peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) agonist, with hypoglycemic activity. Muraglitazar causes an increase in HDL-C levels, and a decrease in total cholesterol, apolipoprotein B, triglycerides and HbA1c. This agent is associated with an increased risk of adverse cardiovascular events and heart failure."]], ["Ladostigil", "CCN(C)C(=O)OC1=CC2=C(CC[C@H]2NCC#C)C=C1", ["Ladostigil is a member of indanes.", "Ladostigil is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01429623 (A 3 Year Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Low Dose Ladostigil in Patients With Mild Cognitive Impairment)."]], ["Arimoclomol", "C1CCN(CC1)C[C@H](CON=C(C2=C[N+](=CC=C2)[O-])Cl)O", ["Arimoclomol is an experimental drug compound developed by CytRx Corporation, a biopharmaceutical company based in Los Angeles, California. The orally administered drug is intended to treat amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also known as Lou Gehrig's disease, a neurodegenerative disease with no effective treatment."]], ["Arundic acid", "CCCCCC[C@@H](CCC)C(=O)O", ["Arundic acid has been investigated for the treatment of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)."]], ["Bifeprunox", "C1CN(CCN1CC2=CC(=CC=C2)C3=CC=CC=C3)C4=CC=CC5=C4OC(=O)N5", ["Bifeprunox is a member of biphenyls.", "Bifeprunox is a novel atypical antipsychotic agent which, along with SLV313, [aripiprazole] and SSR-181507 combines minimal D2 receptor agonism with 5-HT receptor agonism."]], ["Fanapanel", "C1COCCN1C2=CC3=C(C=C2C(F)(F)F)NC(=O)C(=O)N3CP(=O)(O)O", ["Fanapanel has been investigated for the treatment of Visual Acuity."]], ["Dabigatran etexilate mesylate", "CCCCCCOC(=O)N=C(C1=CC=C(C=C1)NCC2=NC3=C(N2C)C=CC(=C3)C(=O)N(CCC(=O)OCC)C4=CC=CC=N4)N", ["Dabigatran Etexilate Mesylate is an orally available mesylate salt form of the etexilate prodrug of dabigatran, a benzimidazole and direct thrombin inhibitor with anticoagulant activity. Upon administration, dabigatran etexilate is hydrolyzed by esterases and is converted into dabigatran. Dabigatran reversibly binds to and inhibits the activity of thrombin, a serine protease that converts fibrinogen into fibrin. This disrupts the coagulation cascade and inhibits the formation of blood clots.", "A THROMBIN inhibitor which acts by binding and blocking thrombogenic activity and the prevention of thrombus formation. It is used to reduce the risk of stroke and systemic EMBOLISM in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation."]], ["Ataciguat", "C1COCCN1S(=O)(=O)C2=CC=C(C=C2)NC(=O)C3=C(C=CC(=C3)Cl)NS(=O)(=O)C4=CC=C(S4)Cl", ["Ataciguat has been investigated for the basic science of Aortic Valve Stenosis."]], ["Iclaprim", "COC1=C(C2=C(C=CC(O2)C3CC3)C(=C1)CC4=CN=C(N=C4N)N)OC", ["5-[(2-cyclopropyl-7,8-dimethoxy-2H-chromen-5-yl)methyl]pyrimidine-2,4-diamine is an aminopyrimidine that is 5-methylpyrimidine-2,4-diamine in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group has been replaced by a 2-cyclopropyl-7,8-dimethoxy-2H-chromen-5-yl group. It is an aminopyrimidine, a member of chromenes and a member of cyclopropanes."]], ["Mitratapide", "CC[C@@H](C)N1C(=O)N(C=N1)C2=CC=C(C=C2)N3CCN(CC3)C4=CC=C(C=C4)OC[C@@H]5CO[C@@](O5)(CSC6=NN=CN6C)C7=CC=C(C=C7)Cl", ["Mitratapide is a microsomal triglyceride transfer protein inhibitor, approved in veterinary use for weight loss and reduction of hyperlipidemia in dogs."]], ["Soraprazan", "CC1=C(N2C=CC3=C(C2=N1)N[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]3OCCOC)O)C4=CC=CC=C4)C", ["Soraprazan is a potent and reversible inhibitor of the gastric H+/K+ ATPase proton pump with potassium-competitive acid blocking (P-CAB) activity. Soraprazan binds very specifically, competitively and reversibly to the potassium binding site of the proton pump hydrogen-potassium adenosine triphosphatase (H+/K+ ATPase), thereby inhibiting the pump's activity and the parietal cell secretion of H+ ions into the gastric lumen, the final step in gastric acid production."]], ["Butyrylcarnitine", "CCCC(=O)O[C@H](CC(=O)[O-])C[N+](C)(C)C", ["O-butanoyl-L-carnitine is an optically active form of O-butanoylcarnitine having L-configuration. It has a role as a metabolite. It is an O-butanoylcarnitine and a saturated fatty acyl-L-carnitine."]], ["Ilaprazole", "CC1=C(C=CN=C1CS(=O)C2=NC3=C(N2)C=C(C=C3)N4C=CC=C4)OC", ["Ilaprazole is a sulfoxide and a member of benzimidazoles.", "Ilaprazole has been investigated in Helicobacter Infections.", "Ilaprazole is a substituted benzimidazole prodrug with selective and irreversible proton pump inhibitor activity. A weak base, ilaprazole accumulates in the acidic environment of the secretory canaliculus of the gastric parietal cell where it is converted to an active sulfenamide form that binds to cysteine sulfhydryl groups on the luminal aspect of the proton pump hydrogen-potassium adenosine triphosphatase (H+/K+ ATPase), thereby inhibiting the pump's activity and the parietal cell secretion of H+ ions into the gastric lumen, the final step in gastric acid production."]], ["Sitaxentan", "CC1=CC2=C(C=C1CC(=O)C3=C(C=CS3)S(=O)(=O)NC4=C(C(=NO4)C)Cl)OCO2", ["Sitaxentan is a member of benzodioxoles.", "Sitaxentan was marketed under the trade name Thelin for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) by Encysive Pharmaceuticals until Pfizer purchased Encysive in February 2008. In 2010, Pfizer voluntarily removed sitaxentan from the market over concerns of hepatotoxicity."]], ["Alagebrium", "CC1=C(SC=[N+]1CC(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2)C", ["Alagebrium has been investigated for the treatment and prevention of Aging, Heart Failure, Physical Activity, Diabetic Nephropathy, and Cardiovascular Disease, among others."]], ["Conivaptan hydrochloride", "CC1=NC2=C(N1)CCN(C3=CC=CC=C32)C(=O)C4=CC=C(C=C4)NC(=O)C5=CC=CC=C5C6=CC=CC=C6.Cl", ["Conivaptan hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt of conivaptan. It is an antagonist for two of the three types of arginine vasopressin (AVP) receptors, V1a and V2, and is used for the treatment of hyponatraemia (low blood sodium levels) caused by syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). It has a role as a vasopressin receptor antagonist. It contains a conivaptan."]], ["Succinobucol", "CC(C)(C)C1=CC(=CC(=C1O)C(C)(C)C)SC(C)(C)SC2=CC(=C(C(=C2)C(C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCC(=O)O)C(C)(C)C", ["Succinobucol is a benzoate ester and a member of phenols.", "AGI-1067, is a novel small molecule with anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that was discovered by AtheroGenics and designed to treat atherosclerosis of the blood vessels of the heart, or coronary artery disease."]], ["Senicapoc", "C1=CC=C(C=C1)C(C2=CC=C(C=C2)F)(C3=CC=C(C=C3)F)C(=O)N", ["Senicapoc is an orally bioavailable inhibitor of the calcium-activated potassium channel KCa3.1 (Gardos channel; KCNN4; IK-1; SK4), with potential anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities. Upon oral administration, senicapoc targets, binds to and inhibits KCa3.1. KCa3.1 regulates membrane potential and calcium signaling in a variety of cells including erythrocytes, activated T and B cells, macrophages, microglia, vascular endothelium, epithelia, and proliferating vascular smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts. The inhibition of KCa3.1 may prevent erythrocyte dehydration in sickle cell disease, reduce fluid secretion, fluid retention and inflammation in the lungs in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and reduce inflammation and immune responses in various other diseases such as neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease. Senicapoc exhibits good brain penetration."]], ["Lasofoxifene", "C1CCN(C1)CCOC2=CC=C(C=C2)[C@H]3[C@H](CCC4=C3C=CC(=C4)O)C5=CC=CC=C5", ["Lasofoxifene is a member of the class of tetralins that is 5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-ol in which the hydrogens at positions 5 and 6 are replaced by 4-[2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)ethoxy]phenyl and phenyl groups, respectively (the 5R,6S-stereoisomer). It is a selective estrogen receptor modulator indicated for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in post-menopausal women. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent, a cardioprotective agent, an estrogen receptor agonist, an estrogen receptor antagonist and a bone density conservation agent. It is a member of tetralins, an aromatic ether, a member of naphthols and a N-alkylpyrrolidine.", "Lasofoxifene is a non-steroidal 3rd generation selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) that selectively binds to both ER\u03b1 and ER\u03b2 with high affinity. It is a naphthalene derivative marketed for prevention and treatment of osteoporosis and for the treatment of vaginal atrophy. It was initially developed as Oporia by Pfizer as a treatment for postmenopausal osteoporosis and vaginal atrophy, in which were both rejected for approval by FDA. Later Fablyn was developed as a result of a research collaboration between Pfizer and Ligand Pharmaceuticals with a newly submitted New Drug Application in 2008. It gained approval by European Commission in March 2009. Ligand Pharmaceuticals signed a license agreement with Sermonix Pharmaceuticals for the development and commercialization of oral lasofoxifene in the USA.", "Lasofoxifene is a non-steroidal, naphthalene-derived, third-generation selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) with potential antineoplastic and anti-osteoporotic activities. Upon oral administration, lasofoxifene selectively binds to both estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha; ESR1) and estrogen receptor beta (ERbeta; ESR2) with high affinity and mimics the effects of endogenous estradiol with varying agonist and antagonist effects in ER-expressing tissues. Blockade of ERalpha by lasofoxifene may potentially inhibit estrogen-dependent cancer cell proliferation in ER-expressing cancers. Lasofoxifene may also bind to the certain mutant forms of ERalpha, including the Y537S ESR1 mutant, making it potentially useful in the treatment of tumors that have acquired resistance to other ER-targeting agents."]], ["Benzonitrile, 4-((5-((4-(3-chlorophenyl)-3-oxo-1-piperazinyl)methyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)methyl)-, monohydrochloride", "C1CN(C(=O)CN1CC2=CN=CN2CC3=CC=C(C=C3)C#N)C4=CC(=CC=C4)Cl.Cl", ["L-778,123 hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt of L-778,123. It is a dual inhibitor of FPTase and GGPTase-I (IC50 of 2nM and 98nm, respectively) and exhibits anti-cancer properties. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent, an EC 2.5.1.58 (protein farnesyltransferase) inhibitor, an EC 2.5.1.59 (protein geranylgeranyltransferase type I) inhibitor and a radiosensitizing agent. It contains a L-778,123 (free base).", "Farnesyltransferase/Geranylgeranyltransferase Inhibitor L-778,123 is a benzonitrile derivative capable of inhibiting some prenyltransferases. L-778,123 is a dual inhibitor of farnesyl:protein and geranylgeranyl:protein transferases; both enzymes catalyze prenylation of oncoprotein KRAS, a prerequisite step in activation of KRAS in signal transduction pathway of apoptosis. Although this agent was developed in part as an anti-KRAS agent, L-778,123 failed in a Phase I trial to inhibit KRAS, which is associated with many types of solid tumors."]], ["Tonapofylline", "CCCN1C2=C(C(=O)N(C1=O)CCC)NC(=N2)C34CCC(CC3)(CC4)CCC(=O)O", ["Tonapofylline is an oxopurine.", "Tonapofylline has been used in trials studying the treatment of Heart Failure, Renal Insufficiency, and Congestive Heart Failure."]], ["Indisulam", "C1=CC2=C(C(=C1)NS(=O)(=O)C3=CC=C(C=C3)S(=O)(=O)N)NC=C2Cl", ["Indisulam is a chloroindole that is 3-chloro-1H-indole substituted by a [(4-sulfamoylphenyl)sulfonyl]nitrilo group at position 7. It is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor and a potential anti-cancer agent currently in clinical development. It has a role as an EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor and an antineoplastic agent. It is a chloroindole, a sulfonamide and an organochlorine compound.", "Indisulam is a novel sulfonamide compound with potential antineoplastic activity. Indisulam inhibits cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK), which regulate cell cycle progression and are usually over-expressed in cancerous cells. Inhibition of CDK results in G1/S phase arrest of the cell cycle, and may lead to induction of apoptosis and inhibition of tumor cell proliferation. In addition, indisulam also inhibits carbonic anhydrases (CA), especially isoforms IX and XII that are involved in aqueous humor production and are highly overexpressed in some types of cancers. Inhibition of CA IX and XII results in interference with ion exchange and pH in hypoxic tumor tissue and preventing chemoresistance to weakly basic antineoplastic agents."]], ["Diflomotecan", "CC[C@]1(CC(=O)OCC2=C1C=C3C4=C(CN3C2=O)C=C5C=C(C(=CC5=N4)F)F)O", ["Diflomotecan is an organic heteropentacyclic compound that is (5R)-8-[(6,7-difluoroquinolin-3-yl)methyl]-5-ethyl-5-hydroxy-1,4,5,8-tetrahydrooxepino[3,4-c]pyridine-3,9-dione in which position 7 of the oxepinopyridine moiety is joined to position 3 of the difluoroquinoine ring by a single bond. An E-ring modified camptothecin analogue that has greater lactone stability in plasma compared with other topoisomerase I inhibitors. It has a role as an EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor and an antineoplastic agent. It is an organic heteropentacyclic compound, an organofluorine compound, a tertiary alcohol, an epsilon-lactone and an organonitrogen heterocyclic compound. It is functionally related to a (R)-homocamptothecin.", "Diflomotecan is under investigation in clinical trial NCT00080015 (Diflomotecan (BN80915) Administered Once Every 3 Weeks in Treating Patients With Sensitive Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC))."]], ["N-benzyl-2-[6-fluoro-2-methyl-3-(pyridin-4-ylmethylidene)inden-1-yl]acetamide;hydrochloride", "CC1=C(C2=C(C1=CC3=CC=NC=C3)C=CC(=C2)F)CC(=O)NCC4=CC=CC=C4.Cl", ["OSI-461 is a second-generation molecule belonging to a new class of drugs termed selective apoptotic anti-neoplastic drugs (SAANDs)."]], ["Dabuzalgron hydrochloride", "CC1=C(C=CC(=C1NS(=O)(=O)C)Cl)OCC2=NCCN2.Cl", ["R450 is an alpha 1 antagonist that acts to tighten the muscle tone in the bladder. It is being considered for treatment of stress-related urinary incontinence. Phase IIa data for the drug show it reduced the number of incontinent episodes compared to placebo with minimal cardiovascular effects."]], ["Ziprasidone hydrochloride", "C1CN(CCN1CCC2=C(C=C3C(=C2)CC(=O)N3)Cl)C4=NSC5=CC=CC=C54.Cl", ["Ziprasidone Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of ziprasidone, a benzothiazolylpiperazine derivative and an atypical antipsychotic agent with an antischizophrenic property. Ziprasidone hydrochloride functions as an antagonist at the dopamine D2 and serotonin 5-HT2A and 5-HT1D receptors, and as an agonist at the 5-HT1A receptor. Ziprasidone hydrochloride also inhibits synaptic reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine. The mechanism of action by which ziprasidone hydrochloride exerts its antischizophrenic effect is unknown but is potentially mediated through a combination of dopamine D2 and serotonin 5-HT2 antagonism. This agent also has antagonistic activity against histamine H1 and alpha-1-adrenergic receptors."]], ["Isobornyl thiocyanatoacetate", "C[C@]12CC[C@@H](C1(C)C)C[C@@H]2OC(=O)CSC#N", ["Isobornyl thiocyanoacetate is a chemical compound of cyanide."]], ["Santonin", "C[C@H]1[C@@H]2CC[C@]3(C=CC(=O)C(=C3[C@H]2OC1=O)C)C", ["Alpha-santonin is a santonin that is 3a,5,5a,9b-tetrahydronaphtho[1,2-b]furan-2,8(3H,4H)-dione substituted by methyl groups at positions 3, 5a and 9. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a botanical anti-fungal agent and a santonin.", "Santonin is a natural product found in Artemisia spicigera, Artemisia diffusa, and other organisms with data available.", "Anthelmintic isolated from the dried unexpanded flower heads of Artemisia maritima and other species of Artemisia found principally in Russian and Chinese Turkestan and the Southern Ural region. (From Merck, 11th ed.)"]], ["Deoxycholic Acid", "C[C@H](CCC(=O)O)[C@H]1CC[C@@H]2[C@@]1([C@H](C[C@H]3[C@H]2CC[C@H]4[C@@]3(CC[C@H](C4)O)C)O)C", ["Deoxycholic acid is a bile acid that is 5beta-cholan-24-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 12 respectively. It has a role as a human blood serum metabolite. It is a bile acid, a dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid and a C24-steroid. It is a conjugate acid of a deoxycholate.", "Deoxycholic acid is a a bile acid which emulsifies and solubilizes dietary fats in the intestine, and when injected subcutaneously, it disrupts cell membranes in adipocytes and destroys fat cells in that tissue. In April 2015, deoxycholic acid was approved by the FDA for the treatment submental fat to improve aesthetic appearance and reduce facial fullness or convexity. It is marketed under the brand name Kybella by Kythera Biopharma and is the first pharmacological agent available for submental fat reduction, allowing for a safer and less invasive alternative than surgical procedures.", "ATX-101 (medical), sodium deoxycholate for subcutaneous injection, is being evaluated as a treatment for the reduction of localized fat deposits. This includes treatment of superficial lipomas (benign tumors of soft tissue composed of mature fat cells), fat deposits in the submental region of the face/neck, and localized fat deposits in other parts of the body. Deoxycholic acid is a naturally occurring bile acid produced by the liver as one of several end products of cholesterol metabolism. As a naturally occurring component of the human body, deoxycholate is considered a \u2018biocompatible\u2019 detergent that solubilizes fat in the small intestine. ATX-101 demonstrates a relative selectivity for fat over other tissues.", "Deoxycholic acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).", "Deoxycholic acid is a Cytolytic Agent. The physiologic effect of deoxycholic acid is by means of Decreased Cell Membrane Integrity.", "Deoxycholic acid is a natural product found in Pseudomonas syringae and Homo sapiens with data available.", "Deoxycholic acid is a bile acid formed by bacterial action from cholate. It is usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. Deoxycholic acid acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption, is reabsorbed itself, and is used as a choleretic and detergent. Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in bile of mammals. The distinction between different bile acids is minute, depends only on presence or absence of hydroxyl groups on positions 3, 7, and 12. Bile acids are physiological detergents that facilitate excretion, absorption, and transport of fats and sterols in the intestine and liver. Bile acids are also steroidal amphipathic molecules derived from the catabolism of cholesterol. They modulate bile flow and lipid secretion, are essential for the absorption of dietary fats and vitamins, and have been implicated in the regulation of all the key enzymes involved in cholesterol homeostasis. Bile acids recirculate through the liver, bile ducts, small intestine and portal vein to form an enterohepatic circuit. They exist as anions at physiological pH and, consequently, require a carrier for transport across the membranes of the enterohepatic tissues. The unique detergent properties of bile acids are essential for the digestion and intestinal absorption of hydrophobic nutrients. Bile acids have potent toxic properties (e.g., membrane disruption) and there are a plethora of mechanisms to limit their accumulation in blood and tissues. (A3407, A3408, A3409, A3410).", "A bile acid formed by bacterial action from cholate. It is usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. Deoxycholic acid acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption, is reabsorbed itself, and is used as a choleretic and detergent."]], ["N,N-dimethyl-3-phenyl-3-pyridin-2-ylpropan-1-amine oxide", "C[N+](C)(CCC(C1=CC=CC=C1)C2=CC=CC=N2)[O-]", ["N,N-Dimethyl-3-phenyl-3-pyridin-2-ylpropan-1-amine oxide is a tertiary amino compound and a member of pyridines."]], ["Androstanedione", "C[C@]12CCC(=O)C[C@@H]1CC[C@@H]3[C@@H]2CC[C@]4([C@H]3CCC4=O)C", ["5alpha-androstane-3,17-dione is the 5alpha-stereoisomer of androstane-3,17-dione. It has a role as a mouse metabolite. It is a 3-oxo-5alpha-steroid and an androstane-3,17-dione.", "Androstanedione is a natural product found in Arabidopsis thaliana and Homo sapiens with data available.", "Androstanedione is a steroid hormone that is a mixture of alpha and beta isomers, which have different orientations for the hydrogen group at position 5. 5alpha-androstanedione is a metabolic precursor for both testosterone and estrone."]], ["Hydrocortisone cypionate", "C[C@]12CCC(=O)C=C1CC[C@@H]3[C@@H]2[C@H](C[C@]4([C@H]3CC[C@@]4(C(=O)COC(=O)CCC5CCCC5)O)C)O", ["Hydrocortisone cypionate is a corticosteroid hormone."]], ["Equilin", "C[C@]12CC[C@H]3C(=CCC4=C3C=CC(=C4)O)[C@@H]1CCC2=O", ["Equilin is a 17-oxo steroid and a 3-hydroxy steroid. It derives from a hydride of an estrane.", "An estrogenic steroid produced by horses. It has a total of four double bonds in the A- and B-ring. High concentration of equilin is found in the urine of pregnant mares.", "Equilin is a naturally occurring steroid with estrogenic activity obtained from the urine of pregnant mares.", "An estrogenic steroid produced by horses. It has a total of four double bonds in the A- and B-ring. High concentration of euilin is found in the urine of pregnant mares. Equilin is one of the estrogens present in the mixture of estrogens isolated from horse urine and marketed as Premarin. Premarin became the most commonly used form of estrogen for hormone replacement therapy in the United States of America. Estrone is the major estrogen in Premarin (about 50%) and equilin is present as about 25% of the total. Estrone is a major estrogen that is normally found in women. Equilin is not normally present in women, so there has been interest in the effects of equilin on the human body. The estrogens in Premarin are present mainly as \"conjugates\", modified chemical forms in which the active estrogen is coupled to another chemical group such as sulfate. Estrone sulfate is usually the major form of estrogen in women. After being taken into a woman's body, the conjugated estrogens of Premarin are converted to the active unconjugated estrogens or excreted from the woman's body. Estrone can be converted to estradiol, which is thought to be the major active estrogen in women.", "An estrogenic steroid produced by HORSES. It has a total of four double bonds in the A- and B-ring. High concentration of euilin is found in the URINE of pregnant mares."]], ["Adrenosterone", "C[C@]12CCC(=O)C=C1CC[C@@H]3[C@@H]2C(=O)C[C@]4([C@H]3CCC4=O)C", ["Adrenosterone is a 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is androst-4-ene carrying three oxo-substituents at positions 3, 11 and 17. It has a role as an androgen, a human urinary metabolite, a marine metabolite and an EC 1.1.1.146 (11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) inhibitor. It is a 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid, a 17-oxo steroid, an androstanoid and an 11-oxo steroid. It derives from a hydride of an androstane."]], ["Drostanolone propionate", "CCC(=O)O[C@H]1CC[C@@H]2[C@@]1(CC[C@H]3[C@H]2CC[C@@H]4[C@@]3(C[C@H](C(=O)C4)C)C)C", ["Dromostanolone propionate is a steroid ester and a 3-oxo-5alpha-steroid. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent. It is functionally related to a metholone.", "Dromostanolone Propionate is the propionate salt form of dromostanolone, a synthetic anabolic steroid related to dihydrotestosterone that has antiestrogenic effects.  Dromostanolone inhibits the growth of estrogen receptor-presenting breast cancers; its virilizing effects limit its clinical usefulness. (NCI)"]], ["Fludrocortisone acetate", "CC(=O)OCC(=O)[C@]1(CC[C@@H]2[C@@]1(C[C@@H]([C@]3([C@H]2CCC4=CC(=O)CC[C@@]43C)F)O)C)O", ["Fludrocortisone acetate is an acetate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the primary hydroxy group of fludrocortisone with acetic acid. A synthetic corticosteroid, it has glucocorticoid actions about 10 times as potent as hydrocortisone, while its mineralocorticoid actions are over 100 times as potent. It is used in partial replacement therapy for primary and secondary adrenocortical insufficiency in Addison's disease and for the treatment of salt-losing adrenal hyperplasia. It is an 11beta-hydroxy steroid, a 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid, a 17alpha-hydroxy steroid, an acetate ester, a mineralocorticoid, a 20-oxo steroid, a fluorinated steroid and a tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone. It is functionally related to a fludrocortisone.", "Fludrocortisone Acetate is the acetate salt of a synthetic fluorinated corticosteroid with antiinflammatory and antiallergic activities. As a glucocorticoid-receptor agonist, fludrocortisone binds to cytoplasmic receptors, translocates to the nucleus, and subsequently initiates the transcription of glucocorticoid-responsive genes such as lipocortins to inhibit phospholipase A2 (PLA2). Inhibition of PLA2 activity prevents the release of arachidonic acid, a precursor of eicosanoids such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes; eicosanoids are important mediators in the pro-inflammatory response mechanism. As a mineralocorticoid-receptor agonist, this agent stimulates Na+ reabsorption and water retention and K+ and H+ secretion in the distal tubules and collecting ducts of the kidney."]], ["2-Deoxy-D-galactose", "C(C=O)C(C(C(CO)O)O)O", ["2-Deoxy-D-galactose is a natural product found in Triticum aestivum with data available.", "2-Deoxy-D-glucose is a non-metabolizable glucose analog in which the hydroxyl group at position 2 of glucose is replaced by hydrogen, with potential glycolysis inhibiting and antineoplastic activities. Although the exact mechanism of action has yet to be fully elucidated, upon administration of 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG), this agent competes with glucose for uptake by proliferating cells, such as tumor cells. 2-DG inhibits the first step of glycolysis and therefore prevents cellular energy production, which may result in decreased tumor cell proliferation.", "2-Deoxy-D-arabino-hexose. An antimetabolite of glucose with antiviral activity."]], ["Methandriol", "C[C@]12CC[C@@H](CC1=CC[C@@H]3[C@@H]2CC[C@]4([C@H]3CC[C@]4(C)O)C)O", ["Methandriol is a 3-hydroxy steroid. It has a role as an androgen.", "A synthetic steroid with anabolic and androgenic properties. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1188)"]], ["Norethisterone enanthate", "CCCCCCC(=O)O[C@]1(CC[C@@H]2[C@@]1(CC[C@H]3[C@H]2CCC4=CC(=O)CC[C@H]34)C)C#C", ["Norethindrone enanthate is a steroid ester."]], ["Anectine", "C[N+](C)(C)CCOC(=O)CCC(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C.[Cl-]", ["A quaternary skeletal muscle relaxant usually used in the form of its bromide, chloride, or iodide. It is a depolarizing relaxant, acting in about 30 seconds and with a duration of effect averaging three to five minutes. Succinylcholine is used in surgical, anesthetic, and other procedures in which a brief period of muscle relaxation is called for."]], ["Stenbolone", "CC1=C[C@]2([C@@H](CC[C@@H]3[C@@H]2CC[C@]4([C@H]3CC[C@@H]4O)C)CC1=O)C", ["Stenbolone is a 3-hydroxy steroid. It has a role as an androgen."]], ["Methasterone", "C[C@@H]1C[C@]2([C@@H](CC[C@@H]3[C@@H]2CC[C@]4([C@H]3CC[C@]4(C)O)C)CC1=O)C", ["17beta-Hydroxy-2alpha,17-dimethyl-5alpha-androstan-3-one is a 3-oxo-5alpha-steroid."]], ["3-Diphenylmethoxytropane methanesulfonate", "CN1C2CCC1CC(C2)OC(C3=CC=CC=C3)C4=CC=CC=C4.CS(=O)(=O)O", ["Benztropine Mesylate is a synthetic antiparkinson tertiary amine structurally related to atropine, Benztropine Mesylate acts as a central muscarinic antagonist and inhibits dopamine uptake. With antihistaminic and local anesthetic properties as well, it is indicated for symptomatic relief of parkinsonism and drug-induced extrapyramidal reactions. (NCI04)", "A centrally active muscarinic antagonist that has been used in the symptomatic treatment of PARKINSON DISEASE. Benztropine also inhibits the uptake of dopamine."]], ["Fluorometholone acetate", "C[C@H]1C[C@H]2[C@@H]3CC[C@@]([C@]3(C[C@@H]([C@@]2([C@@]4(C1=CC(=O)C=C4)C)F)O)C)(C(=O)C)OC(=O)C", ["Fluorometholone acetate is a steroid ester resulting from the formal condensation of the 17-hydroxy function of fluorometholone with acetic acid. Used in the treatment of steroid responsive inflammatory conditions of the palpebral and bulbar conjunctiva, cornea, and anterior segment of the eye. It has a role as an anti-inflammatory drug. It is a steroid ester, a glucocorticoid, a 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid, a 20-oxo steroid, an 11beta-hydroxy steroid, an acetate ester and a fluorinated steroid. It is functionally related to a Delta(1)-progesterone and a fluorometholone.", "Fluorometholone Acetate is the acetate salt form of fluorometholone, a synthetic glucocorticoid with anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic properties. Fluorometholone acetate exerts its effect by interacting with cytoplasmic glucocorticoid receptors and subsequently activates glucocorticoid receptor mediated gene expression. The synthesis of certain anti-inflammatory proteins is induced while the synthesis of certain inflammatory mediators is inhibited. As a result, there is an overall reduction in chronic inflammation and autoimmune reactions."]], ["methyl (1R,9R,10S,11R,12R,19R)-11-acetyloxy-12-ethyl-4-[(13S,15S,17S)-17-ethyl-17-hydroxy-13-methoxycarbonyl-1,11-diazatetracyclo[13.3.1.04,12.05,10]nonadeca-4(12),5,7,9-tetraen-13-yl]-10-hydroxy-5-methoxy-8-methyl-8,16-diazapentacyclo[10.6.1.01,9.02,7.016,19]nonadeca-2,4,6,13-tetraene-10-carboxylate", "CC[C@@]1(C[C@@H]2C[C@@](C3=C(CCN(C2)C1)C4=CC=CC=C4N3)(C5=C(C=C6C(=C5)[C@]78CCN9[C@H]7[C@@](C=CC9)([C@H]([C@@]([C@@H]8N6C)(C(=O)OC)O)OC(=O)C)CC)OC)C(=O)OC)O", ["Vincaleukoblastine is a vinca alkaloid, an indole alkaloid fundamental parent, a methyl ester, an acetate ester, a tertiary alcohol, a tertiary amino compound, an organic heterotetracyclic compound and an organic heteropentacyclic compound. It has a role as a microtubule-destabilising agent, an antineoplastic agent, a plant metabolite and an immunosuppressive agent.", "Vincaleukoblastine is a natural product found in Catharanthus trichophyllus, Catharanthus roseus, and other organisms with data available.", "Vinblastine is a natural alkaloid isolated from the plant Vinca rosea Linn. Vinblastine binds to tubulin and inhibits microtubule formation, resulting in disruption of mitotic spindle assembly and arrest of tumor cells in the M phase of the cell cycle. This agent may also interfere with amino acid, cyclic AMP, and glutathione metabolism; calmodulin-dependent Ca++ -transport ATPase activity; cellular respiration; and nucleic acid and lipid biosynthesis. (NCI04)", "Vinblastine is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is an antitumor alkaloid isolated from Vinca rosea. (Merck, 11th ed.)The antitumor activity of vinblastine is thought to be due primarily to inhibition of mitosis at metaphase through its interaction with tubulin. Vinblastine binds to the microtubular proteins of the mitotic spindle, leading to crystallization of the microtubule and mitotic arrest or cell death.", "Antitumor alkaloid isolated from Vinca rosea. (Merck, 11th ed.)"]], ["17alpha-Methyl-5alpha-androstane-3alpha,17beta-diol", "C[C@]12CC[C@H](C[C@@H]1CC[C@@H]3[C@@H]2CC[C@]4([C@H]3CC[C@]4(C)O)C)O", ["17alpha-Methyl-5alpha-androstane-3alpha,17beta-diol is a 3-hydroxy steroid. It has a role as an androgen."]], ["4,4-Bis[4-hydroxy-3-(morpholin-4-ylmethyl)phenyl]pentanoic acid", "CC(CCC(=O)O)(C1=CC(=C(C=C1)O)CN2CCOCC2)C3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)CN4CCOCC4", ["NXN-188 is a first-in-class, dual-action small molecule incorporating both neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) inhibition and 5-HT agonism that is being developed for the treatment of acute migraine."]], ["Antimycin A3", "CCCC[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@@H](OC(=O)[C@H]([C@H](OC1=O)C)NC(=O)C2=C(C(=CC=C2)NC=O)O)C)OC(=O)CC(C)C", ["Purothionin AII is an amidobenzoic acid.", "Antimycin A3 is a natural product found in Streptomyces argillaceus with data available."]], ["Lanosterol", "C[C@H](CCC=C(C)C)[C@H]1CC[C@@]2([C@@]1(CCC3=C2CC[C@@H]4[C@@]3(CC[C@@H](C4(C)C)O)C)C)C", ["Lanosterol is a tetracyclic triterpenoid that is lanosta-8,24-diene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at the 3beta position. It is the compound from which all steroids are derived. It has a role as a bacterial metabolite, a plant metabolite, a human metabolite, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a 3beta-sterol, a tetracyclic triterpenoid and a 14alpha-methyl steroid. It derives from a hydride of a lanostane.", "Lanosterol is a natural product found in Eleutherococcus sessiliflorus, Euphorbia mellifera, and other organisms with data available.", "Lanosterin is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.", "A triterpene that derives from the chair-boat-chair-boat folding of 2,3-oxidosqualene. It is metabolized to CHOLESTEROL and CUCURBITACINS."]], ["Medrysone", "C[C@H]1C[C@H]2[C@@H]3CC[C@@H]([C@]3(C[C@@H]([C@@H]2[C@@]4(C1=CC(=O)CC4)C)O)C)C(=O)C", ["Medrysone is a corticosteroid hormone.", "Medrysone is a corticosteroid used in ophthalmology.", "Medrysone is a Corticosteroid. The mechanism of action of medrysone is as a Corticosteroid Hormone Receptor Agonist.", "Medrysone is a topical, synthetic glucocorticoid with metabolic, anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic properties. Medrysone exerts its effect by interacting with specific intracellular glucocorticoid receptors and subsequently binds to DNA to modify gene expression. This results in an induction of the synthesis of certain anti-inflammatory proteins while inhibiting the synthesis of certain inflammatory mediators. Consequently, an overall reduction in chronic inflammation and autoimmune reactions is accomplished."]], ["Mibolerone", "C[C@@H]1CC2=CC(=O)CC[C@@H]2[C@@H]3[C@@H]1[C@@H]4CC[C@]([C@]4(CC3)C)(C)O", ["Mibolerone is an androgen that is nalandrone carrying two methyl substituents at positions 7alpha and 17. It has a role as an anabolic agent and an androgen. It is a 17beta-hydroxy steroid and a 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid. It derives from a hydride of an estrane.", "Mibolerone is a potent anabolic steroid which is both higher affinity and more selective for the androgen receptor than metribolone."]], ["Sodium Bromide", "[Na+].[Br-]", ["Sodium bromide is an inorganic sodium salt having bromide as the counterion. It is a bromide salt and an inorganic sodium salt.", "Sodium bromide is a chemical compound of sodium and bromine. It was widely used as an anticonvulsant and a sedative in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, but today is only used in veterinary medicine, as an antiepileptic medication for dogs and cats. It is also used in photography. Bromine is a halogen element with the symbol Br and atomic number 35. Diatomic bromine does not occur naturally, but bromine salts can be found in crustal rock. (L625, L665)"]], ["Estramustine", "C[C@]12CC[C@H]3[C@H]([C@@H]1CC[C@@H]2O)CCC4=C3C=CC(=C4)OC(=O)N(CCCl)CCCl", ["Estramustine is a carbamate ester obtained by the formal condensation of the hydroxy group of 17beta-estradiol with the carboxy group of bis(2-chloroethyl)carbamic acid. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent, an alkylating agent and a radiation protective agent. It is a carbamate ester, a 17beta-hydroxy steroid and an organochlorine compound. It is functionally related to a 17beta-estradiol.", "A nitrogen mustard linked to estradiol, usually as phosphate; used to treat prostatic neoplasms; also has radiation protective properties.", "Estramustine is an Alkylating Drug. The mechanism of action of estramustine is as an Alkylating Activity.", "Estramustine is a synthetic molecule combining estradiol and nornitrogen mustard through a carbamate link. Estramustine and its major metabolite estramustine bind to microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) and tubulin, thereby inhibiting microtubule dynamics and leading to anaphase arrest in a dose-dependent fashion. This agent also exhibits anti-androgenic effects. (NCI04)", "A nitrogen mustard linked to estradiol, usually as phosphate; used to treat prostatic neoplasms; also has radiation protective properties."]], ["Lupeol", "CC(=C)[C@@H]1CC[C@]2([C@H]1[C@H]3CC[C@@H]4[C@]5(CC[C@@H](C([C@@H]5CC[C@]4([C@@]3(CC2)C)C)(C)C)O)C)C", ["Lupeol is a pentacyclic triterpenoid that is lupane in which the hydrogen at the 3beta position is substituted by a hydroxy group. It occurs in the skin of lupin seeds, as well as in the latex of fig trees and of rubber plants. It is also found in many edible fruits and vegetables. It has a role as an anti-inflammatory drug and a plant metabolite. It is a secondary alcohol and a pentacyclic triterpenoid. It derives from a hydride of a lupane.", "Lupeol has been investigated for the treatment of Acne.", "Lupeol is a natural product found in Ficus auriculata, Ficus septica, and other organisms with data available."]], ["Leurosine", "CC[C@]12CN3CCC4=C([C@](C[C@@H](C3)[C@H]1O2)(C5=C(C=C6C(=C5)[C@]78CCN9[C@H]7[C@@](C=CC9)([C@H]([C@@]([C@@H]8N6C)(C(=O)OC)O)OC(=O)C)CC)OC)C(=O)OC)NC1=CC=CC=C41", ["Leurosine is a natural product found in Catharanthus lanceus and Catharanthus roseus with data available."]], ["Calenduladiol", "CC(=C)C1CCC2(C1C3CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CC2O)C)C)(C)C)O)C)C", ["Calenduladiol is a natural product found in Chuquiraga erinacea and Pulicaria canariensis with data available."]], ["Arsenic Trioxide", "O=[As]O[As]=O", ["Arsenic trioxide is a chemotherapeutic agent of idiopathic function used to treat leukemia that is unresponsive to first line agents. It is suspected that arsenic trisulfide induces cancer cells to undergo apoptosis. In general, arsenic is known to be a naturally toxic substance capable of eliciting a variety of dangerous adverse effects. The enzyme thioredoxin reductase has recently been identified as a target for arsenic trioxide.", "Arsenic(III)oxide,arsenic trioxide,arsenous acid anhydride,arsenous acid,arsenic sesquioxide,white arsenic is a natural product found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae with data available."]], ["Solanine", "CC1CCC2C(C3C(N2C1)CC4C3(CCC5C4CC=C6C5(CCC(C6)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)CO)O)O)O)OC9C(C(C(C(O9)C)O)O)O)C)C)C", ["Solanine is a natural product found in Solanum marinasense and Solanum tuberosum with data available.", "alpha-Solanine is found in alcoholic beverages. alpha-Solanine is an alkaloid from potato (Solanum tuberosum) and very many other Solanum species (Solanaceae). Responsible for the teratogenicity of sprouting potatoes.", "A mixture of alpha-chaconine and alpha-solanine, found in SOLANACEAE plants."]], ["5beta-Pregnan-3alpha-ol-20-one", "CC(=O)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CCC4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C", ["A pregnane found in the urine of pregnant women and sows. It has anesthetic, hypnotic, and sedative properties."]], ["Withaferin A", "CC1=C(C(=O)O[C@H](C1)[C@@H](C)[C@H]2CC[C@@H]3[C@@]2(CC[C@H]4[C@H]3C[C@@H]5[C@]6([C@@]4(C(=O)C=C[C@@H]6O)C)O5)C)CO", ["Withaferin A is a withanolide that is 5,6:22,26-diepoxyergosta-2,24-diene-1,26-dione substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4 and 27 (the 4beta,5beta,6beta,22R stereoisomer). Isolated from Physalis longifolia, it exhibits cytotoxic activity. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent and an apoptosis inducer. It is a delta-lactone, a 4-hydroxy steroid, an enone, an ergostanoid, a secondary alcohol, a withanolide, a 27-hydroxy steroid, a primary alcohol and an epoxy steroid.", "Ashwagandha is a popular Ayurvedic herb used as a general tonic, to increase energy and reduce stress. Ashwagandha has not been implicated in causing serum enzyme elevations during therapy, but recently has been implicated in rare cases of clinically apparent liver injury.", "Withaferin A is a natural product found in Vassobia breviflora, Withania somnifera, and other organisms with data available."]], ["Phenesterin", "C[C@H](CCCC(C)C)[C@H]1CC[C@@H]2[C@@]1(CC[C@H]3[C@H]2CC=C4[C@@]3(CC[C@@H](C4)OC(=O)CC5=CC=C(C=C5)N(CCCl)CCCl)C)C", ["Phenestrin is a white powder. (NTP, 1992)", "Phenesterin is a steroidal nitrogen mustard with antineoplastic and mutagenic activities. After attachment to cell-surface steroid receptors and uptake, phenesterin enters the nucleus where it alkylates macromolecules, resulting in decreased cell proliferation. (NCI04)"]], ["4,6,8,10,12,14,15,16,27-Nonahydroxy-3-(1-hydroxyhexyl)-17,28-dimethyl-1-oxacyclooctacosa-17,19,21,23,25-pentaen-2-one", "CCCCCC(C1C(CC(CC(CC(CC(CC(C(C(C(=CC=CC=CC=CC=CC(C(OC1=O)C)O)C)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O", ["4,6,8,10,12,14,15,16,27-Nonahydroxy-3-(1-hydroxyhexyl)-17,28-dimethyl-1-oxacyclooctacosa-17,19,21,23,25-pentaen-2-one is a natural product found in Streptomyces cellulosae with data available."]], ["2,3,14,20,22,25-Hexahydroxycholest-7-en-6-one", "CC12CCC3C(=CC(=O)C4C3(CC(C(C4)O)O)C)C1(CCC2C(C)(C(CCC(C)(C)O)O)O)O", ["2,3,14,20,22,25-Hexahydroxycholest-7-en-6-one is a steroid.", "2,3,14,20,22,25-Hexahydroxycholest-7-en-6-one is a natural product found in Silene indica, Silene banksia, and other organisms with data available.", "A steroid hormone that regulates the processes of MOLTING or ecdysis in insects. Ecdysterone is the 20-hydroxylated ECDYSONE."]], ["Pheneticillin", "CC(C(=O)N[C@H]1[C@@H]2N(C1=O)[C@H](C(S2)(C)C)C(=O)O)OC3=CC=CC=C3", ["Phenethicillin is a penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-phenoxypropanamido group. It is a penicillin and a penicillin allergen. It is a conjugate acid of a phenethicillin(1-).", "Pheneticillin (or phenethicillin) is a penicillin antibiotic which is approved for use internationally."]], ["Hycanthone mesylate", "CCN(CC)CCNC1=C2C(=C(C=C1)CO)SC3=CC=CC=C3C2=O.CS(=O)(=O)O", ["Hycanthone methanesulfonate is an odorless yellow to yellow-orange powder. Bitter taste. (NTP, 1992)", "Hycanthone mesylate is a methanesulfonate salt resulting from the reaction of equimolar amounts of hycanthone and methanesulfonic acid. It was formerly used as a schistosomicide for individual or mass treatement of infection with Schistosoma haematobium and S. mansoni, but due to its toxicity and concern about possible carcinogenicity, it has been replaced by other drugs such as praziquantel. It has a role as an alkylating agent, a mutagen and a schistosomicide drug. It contains a hycanthone(1+)."]], ["Rosoxacin", "CCN1C=C(C(=O)C2=C1C=C(C=C2)C3=CC=NC=C3)C(=O)O", ["Rosoxacin is a quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is 1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid that is substituted by an ethyl group at position 1 and by a pyridin-4-yl group at position 7. An antibacterial drug, active against Neisseria gonorrhoeae, it has been used for treating urinary tract infections and certain sexually transmitted diseases. It has a role as an antibacterial drug and an antiinfective agent. It is a quinolone antibiotic, a quinolinemonocarboxylic acid and a member of pyridines.", "Rosoxacin is a quinolone derivative antibiotic for the treatment of bacterial infection of respiratory tract, urinary tract, GI, CNS and immuno compromised patients. Rosoxacin is known to be effective against penicillin resistant strains and is a single dose orally administered drug, which avoids all complications of parenteral administration seen with penicillin, especially anaphylactic shock."]], ["Elesclomol", "CN(C(=S)C1=CC=CC=C1)NC(=O)CC(=O)NN(C)C(=S)C2=CC=CC=C2", ["Elesclomol is a carbohydrazide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy groups of malonic acid with the hydrino groups of two molar equivalents of N-methylbenzenecarbothiohydrazide It has a role as an antineoplastic agent and an apoptosis inducer. It is a carbohydrazide and a thiocarbonyl compound. It is functionally related to a malonic acid.", "Elesclomol is a novel, injectable, drug candidate that kills cancer cells by elevating oxidative stress levels beyond a breaking point, triggering programmed cell death. In preclinical models elesclomol showed potent killing of a broad range of cancer cell types at high doses, and an ability to strongly enhance the efficacy of certain chemotherapy agents, with minimal additional toxicity, at moderate doses. It is being developed by Synta Pharmaceuticals.", "Elesclomol is a small-molecule bis(thio-hydrazide amide) with oxidative stress induction, pro-apoptotic, and potential antineoplastic activities. Elesclomol induces oxidative stress, creating high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as hydrogen peroxide, in both cancer cells and normal cells. Because tumor cells have elevated levels of ROS compared to normal cells, the increase in oxidative stress beyond baseline levels elevates ROS beyond sustainable levels, exhausting tumor cell antioxidant capacity, which may result in the induction of the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. Normal cells are spared because the increase in the level of oxidative stress induced by this agent is below the threshold at which apoptosis is induced."]], ["N-(2-Chloroethyl)-N'-(2,6-dihydroxycyclohexyl)-N-nitrosourea", "C1C[C@H](C([C@H](C1)O)NC(=O)N(CCCl)N=O)O", ["Donu has been used in trials studying the treatment of Psychosis."]], ["Caraway", "C(C1C2C(C(C(O1)OC3C(OC(C(C3O)O)OC4C(OC(C(C4O)O)OC5C(OC(C(C5O)O)OC6C(OC(C(C6O)O)OC7C(OC(C(C7O)O)OC8C(OC(O2)C(C8O)O)CO)CO)CO)CO)CO)CO)O)O)O", ["Caraway is a natural product found in Taxus cuspidata with data available."]], ["Hematoxyline", "C1C2=CC(=C(C=C2[C@@H]3[C@]1(COC4=C3C=CC(=C4O)O)O)O)O", ["Hematoxylin appears as white to yellowish crystals that redden on exposure to light. (NTP, 1992)", "(-)-haematoxylin is a haematoxylin. It is an enantiomer of a (+)-haematoxylin.", "Hematoxyline is a natural product found in Haematoxylum brasiletto and Haematoxylum campechianum with data available.", "A dye obtained from the heartwood of logwood (Haematoxylon campechianum Linn., Leguminosae) used as a stain in microscopy and in the manufacture of ink."]], ["Dimethane sulfonate", "CC1=C(C=CC(=C1)N(CCOS(=O)(=O)C)CCOS(=O)(=O)C)C=O", ["Benzaldehyde Dimethane Sulfonate is a dimethane sulfonate derivative and alkylating agent with a structure similar to other alkylating agents such as chlorambucil, busulfan and melphalan, with potential antineoplastic activity. Although the exact mechanism of action has yet to be fully elucidated, benzaldehyde dimethane sulfonate alkylates DNA, which results in DNA double strand breaks, inhibition of DNA replication, cell cycle arrest and cell death. In addition, this agent is metabolized by the enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) into the active carboxylic acid metabolite benzoic acid dimethane sulfonate (BA), which further contributes to its alkylating activity. Unlike other alkylating agents, benzaldehyde dimethane sulfonate has demonstrated antitumor activity in renal cell carcinoma."]], ["Pyrazoloacridine", "CN(C)CCCN1C2=C3C(=C(C=C2)[N+](=O)[O-])NC4=C(C3=N1)C=C(C=C4)OC", ["Pyrazoloacridine has been used in trials studying the treatment of Lung Cancer, Liver Cancer, Breast Cancer, Melanoma (Skin), and Metastatic Cancer, among others."]], ["Acronine", "CC1(C=CC2=C3C(=C(C=C2O1)OC)C(=O)C4=CC=CC=C4N3C)C", ["Acronycine is a yellow powder. (NTP, 1992)", "Acronycine is an alkaloid antineoplastic agent isolated from Acronychia baueri. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent and a metabolite. It is a member of acridone derivatives and an alkaloid.", "Acronine is a natural product found in Sarcomelicope argyrophylla, Swinglea glutinosa, and Sarcomelicope simplicifolia with data available.", "Acronine is a natural alkaloid with an acridine structure isolated from the bark of the plant Acronychia baueri (Australian scrub ash) with antineoplastic properties.  Acronycine appears to alkylate DNA and interfere with DNA replication. (NCI04)", "A pyrano-acridone alkaloid found in RUTACEAE plants."]], ["Sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim", "CC1=CC(=NO1)NS(=O)(=O)C2=CC=C(C=C2)N.COC1=CC(=CC(=C1OC)OC)CC2=CN=C(N=C2N)N", ["Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim is an antibacterial prescription medicine approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of certain infections, such as:", "Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole is a synthetic combination of two antibacterial agents, trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole. This synergistic combination, also known as Co-Trimoxazole, inhibits two sequential steps in the bacterial metabolism of folic acid. Trimethoprim is a pyrimidine inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase; sulfamethoxazole is a sulfamide inhibitor of bacterial dihydrofolate synthase.", "A drug combination with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. It is effective in the treatment of many infections, including PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA in AIDS."]], ["7-[4-amino-6-methyl-5-(oxan-2-yloxy)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6,9,11-trihydroxy-9-(2-hydroxyacetyl)-4-methoxy-8,10-dihydro-7H-tetracene-5,12-dione;hydrochloride", "CC1C(C(CC(O1)OC2CC(CC3=C2C(=C4C(=C3O)C(=O)C5=C(C4=O)C(=CC=C5)OC)O)(C(=O)CO)O)N)OC6CCCCO6.Cl", ["Pirarubicin Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of pirarubicin, an analogue of the anthracycline antineoplastic antibiotic doxorubicin with antineoplastic activity. Pirarubicin intercalates into DNA and interacts with topoisomerase II, thereby inhibiting DNA replication and repair as well as RNA and protein synthesis. This agent is less cardiotoxic than doxorubicin and exhibits activity against some doxorubicin-resistant cell lines."]], ["1-(2-(Hydroxymethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)cytosine", "C1C(OC(O1)CO)N2C=CC(=NC2=O)N", ["Troxacitabine is a dioxolane derivative and a novel L-configuration deoxycytidine analogue with potent antineoplastic activity. When incorporated into growing chain during DNA replication, troxacitabine stops DNA polymerization due to its unnatural L-configuration, in contrast to the normal nucleotides with D-configuration. As a result, this agent terminates DNA synthesis upon incorporated into DNA molecules, and consequently interrupts tumor cell proliferation."]], ["Telinavir", "CC(C)CN(C[C@H]([C@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)N)NC(=O)C2=NC3=CC=CC=C3C=C2)O)C(=O)NC(C)(C)C", ["Telinavir is an asparagine derivative.", "Telinavir has been used in trials studying the treatment of HIV Infections."]], ["3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)chroman-7-ol", "C1C(COC2=C1C=CC(=C2)O)C3=CC=C(C=C3)O", ["3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)chroman-7-ol is a member of hydroxyisoflavans.", "A non-steroidal ESTROGEN generated when soybean products are metabolized by certain bacteria in the intestines."]], ["Taurochenodeoxycholic acid", "C[C@H](CCC(=O)NCCS(=O)(=O)O)[C@H]1CC[C@@H]2[C@@]1(CC[C@H]3[C@H]2[C@@H](C[C@H]4[C@@]3(CC[C@H](C4)O)C)O)C", ["Taurochenodeoxycholic acid is a bile acid taurine conjugate of chenodeoxycholic acid. It has a role as a mouse metabolite and a human metabolite. It is functionally related to a chenodeoxycholic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a taurochenodeoxycholate.", "Taurochenodeoxycholic acid is an experimental drug that is normally produced in the liver. Its physiologic function is to emulsify lipids such as cholesterol in the bile. As a medication, taurochenodeoxycholic acid reduces cholesterol formation in the liver, and is likely used as a choleretic to increase the volume of bile secretion from the liver and as a cholagogue to increase bile discharge into the duodenum. It is also being investigated for its role in inflammation and cancer therapy.", "Taurochenodeoxycholic acid is a natural product found in Trypanosoma brucei and Homo sapiens with data available.", "A bile salt formed in the liver by conjugation of chenodeoxycholate with taurine, usually as the sodium salt. It acts as detergent to solubilize fats in the small intestine and is itself absorbed. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic."]], ["Bortezomib", "B([C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)NC(=O)C2=NC=CN=C2)(O)O", ["Bortezomib is l-Phenylalaninamide substituted at the amide nitrogen by a 1-(dihydroxyboranyl)-3-methylbutyl group and at N(alpha) by a pyrazin-2-ylcarbonyl group. It is a dipeptidyl boronic acid that reversibly inhibits the 26S proteasome. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent, a proteasome inhibitor, a protease inhibitor and an antiprotozoal drug. It is an amino acid amide, a member of pyrazines and a L-phenylalanine derivative. It is functionally related to a boronic acid.", "Bortezomib is a dipeptide boronic acid derivative and proteasome inhibitor used to treat multiple myeloma and mantle cell lymphoma. The 26S proteasome is a protein complex that degrades ubiquitinated proteins in the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway: reversible inhibition of the 26S proteasome, leading to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of cancer cells, is thought to be the main mechanism of action of bortezomib. However, multiple mechanisms may be involved in the anticancer activity of bortezomib.  Bortezomib was first synthesized in 1995. In May 2003, bortezomib became the first anticancer proteasome inhibitor that was approved by the FDA under the trade name VELCADE. Phase I, II, III, and IV clinical trials are undergoing to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of bortezomib in leukemia, myasthenia gravis, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and solid tumours.", "Bortezomib is a Proteasome Inhibitor. The mechanism of action of bortezomib is as a Proteasome Inhibitor.", "Bortezomib is a proteasome inhibitor and antineoplastic agent that is used in treatment of refractory multiple myeloma and certain lymphomas. Bortezomib is associated with a low rate of serum enzyme elevations during treatment and to rare instances of clinically apparent, acute liver injury.", "A pyrazine and boronic acid derivative that functions as a reversible PROTEASOME INHIBITOR. It is used as an ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT in the treatment of MULTIPLE MYELOMA and MANTLE CELL LYMPHOMA."]], ["5-[2-(4-Butylanilino)-6-methoxypurin-9-yl]-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-3-ol", "CCCCC1=CC=C(C=C1)NC2=NC3=C(C(=N2)OC)N=CN3C4CC(C(O4)CO)O", ["Potassium bromide is a chemical compound of potassium and bromine. It was widely used as an anticonvulsant and a sedative in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, but today is only used in veterinary medicine, as an antiepileptic medication for dogs and cats. Bromine is a halogen element with the symbol Br and atomic number 35. Diatomic bromine does not occur naturally, but bromine salts can be found in crustal rock. (L625, L627)"]], ["2-(2-nitroimidazol-1-yl)-N-(2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropyl)acetamide", "C1=CN(C(=N1)[N+](=O)[O-])CC(=O)NCC(C(F)(F)F)(F)F", ["EF5 is a fluorinated derivative of the 2-nitroimidazole etanidazole. EF5 is effective in accessing oxygen levels in tumor tissue through its adduct formation to intracellular macromolecules in the absence of oxygen. Reduction of this agent is carried out by a diverse group of enzymes in the cytoplasm, microsomes and mitochondria. Tissue hypoxia detection via EF5 has been reported in several cancers, including squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix and the head and neck, and in sarcoma."]], ["Ritonavir", "CC(C)C1=NC(=CS1)CN(C)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC2=CC=CC=C2)C[C@@H]([C@H](CC3=CC=CC=C3)NC(=O)OCC4=CN=CS4)O", ["Ritonavir is an L-valine derivative that is L-valinamide in which alpha-amino group has been acylated by a [(2-isopropyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)methyl]methylcarbamoyl group and in which a hydrogen of the carboxamide amino group has been replaced by a (2R,4S,5S)-4-hydroxy-1,6-diphenyl-5-{[(1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]amino}hexan-2-yl group. A CYP3A inhibitor and antiretroviral drug from the protease inhibitor class used to treat HIV infection and AIDS, it is often used as a fixed-dose combination with another protease inhibitor, lopinavir. Also used in combination with dasabuvir sodium hydrate, ombitasvir and paritaprevir (under the trade name Viekira Pak) for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection as well as cirrhosis of the liver. It has a role as an antiviral drug, a HIV protease inhibitor, an environmental contaminant and a xenobiotic. It is a member of 1,3-thiazoles, a L-valine derivative, a carbamate ester, a member of ureas and a carboxamide.", "Ritonavir (brand name: Norvir) is a prescription medicine approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of HIV infection in adults and children. Ritonavir is always used in combination with other HIV medicines.", "Ritonavir is an HIV protease inhibitor that interferes with the reproductive cycle of HIV. Although it was initially developed as an independent antiviral agent, it has been shown to possess advantageous properties in combination regimens with low-dose ritonavir and other protease inhibitors. It is now more commonly used as a booster of other protease inhibitors and is available in both liquid formulations and as capsules.   While ritonavir is not an active antiviral agent against hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, it is added in combination therapies indicated for the treatment of HCV infections as a booster. Ritonavir is a potent CYP3A inhibitor that increases peak and trough plasma drug concentrations of other protease inhibitors such as [DB09297] and overall drug exposure. American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) and the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) guidelines recommend ritonavir-boosted combination therapies as first-line therapy for HCV Genotype 1a/b and 4 treatment-na\u00efve patients with or without cirrhosis.   Ritonavir is found in a fixed-dose combination product with [DB09296], [DB09183], and [DB09297] as the FDA-approved product Viekira Pak. First approved in December 2014, Viekira Pak is indicated for the treatment of HCV genotype 1b without cirrhosis or with compensated cirrhosis, and when combined with Ribavirin for the treatment of HCV genotype 1a without cirrhosis or with compensated cirrhosis.  Ritonavir is also available as a fixed-dose combination product with [DB09296] and [DB09297] as the FDA- and Health Canada-approved product Technivie. First approved in July 2015, Technivie is indicated in combination with Ribavirin for the treatment of patients with genotype 4 chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection without cirrhosis or with compensated cirrhosis.  In Canada, ritonavir is also available as a fixed-dose combination product with [DB09296], [DB09183], and [DB09297] as the Health Canada-approved, commercially available product Holkira Pak. First approved in January 2015, Holkira Pak is indicated for the treatment of HCV genotype 1b with or without cirrhosis, and when combined with Ribavirin for the treatment of HCV genotype 1a with or without cirrhosis. The inclusion of ritonavir can select for HIV-1 protease inhibitor resistance-associated substitutions. Any HCV/HIV-1 co-infected patients treated with ritonavir-containing combination therapies should also be on a suppressive antiretroviral drug regimen to reduce the risk of HIV-1 protease inhibitor drug resistance.  Ritonavir is used in combination with other drugs to treat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in patients who are at risk for progressing into a severe form of the disease.", "Ritonavir is a Cytochrome P450 3A Inhibitor and Protease Inhibitor. The mechanism of action of ritonavir is as a HIV Protease Inhibitor and Cytochrome P450 3A Inhibitor and Cytochrome P450 2D6 Inhibitor and Cytochrome P450 2C19 Inducer and Cytochrome P450 3A Inducer and P-Glycoprotein Inhibitor and Breast Cancer Resistance Protein Inhibitor and Cytochrome P450 3A4 Inhibitor and Cytochrome P450 1A2 Inducer and Cytochrome P450 2C9 Inducer and Cytochrome P450 2B6 Inducer and UDP Glucuronosyltransferases Inducer.", "Ritonavir is an antiretroviral protease inhibitor that is widely used in combination with other protease inhibitors in the therapy and prevention of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Ritonavir can cause transient and usually asymptomatic elevations in serum aminotransferase levels and, rarely, can lead to clinically apparent acute liver injury. In HBV or HCV coinfected patients, highly active antiretroviral therapy with ritonavir may result of an exacerbation of the underlying chronic hepatitis B or C.", "Ritonavir is a peptidomimetic agent that inhibits both HIV-1 and HIV-2 proteases. Ritonavir is highly inhibited by serum proteins but boosts the effect of other HIV proteases by blocking their degradation by cytochrome P450.", "An HIV protease inhibitor that works by interfering with the reproductive cycle of HIV. It also inhibits CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A."]], ["Sjg-136", "COC1=C(C=C2C(=C1)C(=O)N3CC(=C)C[C@H]3C=N2)OCCCOC4=C(C=C5C(=C4)N=C[C@@H]6CC(=C)CN6C5=O)OC", ["SJG-136 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Recurrent Fallopian Tube Cancer, Secondary Acute Myeloid Leukemia, de Novo Myelodysplastic Syndromes, Recurrent Ovarian Epithelial Cancer, and Secondary Myelodysplastic Syndromes, among others.", "DNA Minor Groove Binding Agent SG2000 is a sequence-selective pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD) dimer with potential antineoplastic activity. Following intravenous administration, DNA minor groove binding agent SG2000 preferentially and covalently binds to purine-GATC-pyrimidine sequences, with the imine/carbinolamine moieties of SG2000 binding to the N2 positions of guanines on opposite strands of DNA. This induces interstrand cross-links and inhibits both DNA replication and gene transcription, which lead to the inhibition of cell growth. With a preference for binding to purine-GATC-pyrimidine sequences, SG2000 adducts do not appear to be susceptible to p53-mediated DNA excision repair."]], ["Muricatetrocin B", "CCCCCCC(C(CCC(C1CCC(O1)CCCCC(CC2=CC(OC2=O)C)O)O)O)O", ["Muricatetrocin B is a natural product found in Annona purpurea, Annona muricata, and other organisms with data available.", "Polyketides of up to a few dozen carbons in length, formed by chain extension of multiple PROPIONATES and oxygenated to form tetrahydrofuran and lactone rings along the length of the chain. They are found in ANNONACEAE and other PLANTS. Related compounds cyclize to MACROLIDES."]], ["2,5-Cyclohexadiene-1,4-dione, 2,5-bis(1-aziridinyl)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-6-methyl-", "CC1=C(C(=O)C(=C(C1=O)N2CC2)CO)N3CC3", ["RH-1 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Advanced Solid Tumors and Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma."]], ["5H-(1,3)Dioxolo(5,6)indeno(1,2-C)isoquinoline-5,12(6H)-dione, 6-(3-((2-hydroxyethyl)amino)propyl)-2,3-dimethoxy-", "COC1=C(C=C2C(=C1)C3=C(C4=CC5=C(C=C4C3=O)OCO5)N(C2=O)CCCNCCO)OC", ["Topoisomerase-1 Inhibitor LMP744 is an indenoisoquinoline derivative and topoisomerase 1 (Top1) inhibitor, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, LMP744 binds to and stabilizes cleaved DNA-Top1 complexes, which prevents DNA re-ligation, induces stable, irreversible DNA strand breaks, prevents DNA repair, and leads to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. As tumor cells proliferate at a much higher rate than normal cells, LMP744 specifically targets cancer cells. Top1, a DNA modifying enzyme essential for transcription, replication, and repair of double-strand DNA breaks, is overexpressed in tumor cells."]], ["Bardoxolone", "C[C@@]12CC[C@]3(CCC(C[C@H]3[C@H]1C(=O)C=C4[C@]2(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(C=C(C(=O)C5(C)C)C#N)C)C)(C)C)C(=O)O", ["Bardoxolone is a member of cyclohexenones.", "Bardoxolone has been used in trials studying the treatment of LYMPHOMA and Solid Tumors. It is a synthetic triterpenoid and a highly potent activator of redox-sensitive signaling pathways that induce programmed cell death (apoptosis) in cancer cells that are under high levels of intrinsic oxidative stress. In contrast, Bardoxolone in normal cells induces protective antioxidant/anti-inflammatory responses.", "Bardoxolone is a synthetic triterpenoid compound with potential antineoplastic and anti-inflammatory activities. Bardoxolone blocks the synthesis of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and inducible cyclooxygenase (COX-2), two enzymes involved in inflammation and carcinogenesis. This agent also inhibits the interleukin-1 (IL-1)-induced expression of the pro-inflammatory proteins matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) and matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) and the expression of Bcl-3; Bcl-3 is an IL-1-responsive gene that preferentially contributes to MMP-1 gene expression."]], ["Bardoxolone methyl", "C[C@@]12CC[C@]3(CCC(C[C@H]3[C@H]1C(=O)C=C4[C@]2(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(C=C(C(=O)C5(C)C)C#N)C)C)(C)C)C(=O)OC", ["Bardoxolone methyl is a member of cyclohexenones.", "Bardoxolone Methyl is the methyl ester form of bardoxolone, a synthetic triterpenoid compound with potential antineoplastic and anti-inflammatory activities. Bardoxolone blocks the synthesis of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and inducible cyclooxygenase (COX-2), two enzymes involved in inflammation and carcinogenesis. This agent also inhibits the interleukin-1 (IL-1)-induced expression of the pro-inflammatory proteins matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) and matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) and the expression of Bcl-3; Bcl-3 is an IL-1-responsive gene that preferentially contributes to MMP-1 gene expression."]], ["Dicodid", "CN1CCC23C4C1CC5=C2C(=C(C=C5)OC)OC3C(=O)CC4", ["4Ah-8,9c-Iminoethanophenanthro(4,5-bcd)furan-5-(6H)-one, 7,7a,8,9-tetrahydro-3-methoxy-12-methyl- is a morphinane alkaloid.", "Narcotic analgesic related to CODEINE, but more potent and more addicting by weight. It is used also as cough suppressant."]], ["CID 415267", "C1=CC=[N+](C(=C1)[S-])[O-].C1=CC=[N+](C(=C1)[S-])[O-].[Zn+2]", ["Zinc pyrithione is a fine beige granules. (NTP, 1992)"]], ["2-[[6-[2-[3-[4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-12-hydroxy-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]-6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl]oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol", "CC(=CCCC(C)(C1CCC2(C1C(CC3C2(CCC4C3(CCC(C4(C)C)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)CO)O)O)O)C)C)O)C)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)COC8C(C(C(C(O8)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O)C", ["2-[[6-[2-[3-[4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-12-hydroxy-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]-6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl]oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol is a natural product found in Panax ginseng, Panax notoginseng, and other organisms with data available."]], ["CID 433902", "CCCC=CC=CC(=O)OC1C(=CC(=O)OC)CC2CC(OC(=O)CC(CC3CC(C(C(O3)(CC4CC(=CC(=O)OC)CC(O4)C=CC(C1(O2)O)(C)C)O)(C)C)OC(=O)C)O)C(C)O", ["CID 433902 is a natural product found in Bugula neritina with data available."]], ["2-Propen-1-one, 2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-", "CC1=CC(=C(C=C1)C(=O)C(=C)CN(C)C)C", ["Pegylated L-asparagine amidohydrolase from E. coli. Pegylation substantially (by a factor of 4) extends the protein half life.", "Pegaspargase is a complex of polyethylene glycol conjugated with L-asparaginase.  Asparaginase hydrolyzes L-asparagine to L-aspartic acid and ammonia, thereby depleting these cells of asparagine and blocking protein synthesis and tumor cell proliferation, especially in the G1 phase of the cell cycle.  The agent also induces apoptosis in tumor cells. Pegylation decreases the enzyme's antigenicity. Asparagine is critical to protein synthesis in leukemic cells, which cannot synthesize this amino acid due to the absence of the enzyme asparagine synthase. (NCI04)"]], ["4-Isothioureidobutyronitrile", "C(CC#N)CSC(=N)N", ["Thioureidobutyronitrile has been used in trials studying the treatment of Solid Tumors and Ovarian cancer.", "Thioureidobutyronitrile is a water-soluble, small molecule and activator of the tumor suppressor protein p53, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon intravenous administration, thioureidobutyronitrile activates p53 which in turn induces the expressions of p21 and PUMA (p53 up-regulated modulator of apoptosis), thereby inhibiting cancer cell growth and causing tumor cell apoptosis. Thioureidobutyronitrile may be effective in drug-resistant cancers with mutated p53. p53 tumor suppressor, a transcription factor regulating the expression of many stress response genes and mediating various anti-proliferative processes, is often mutated in cancer cells."]], ["N,N'-(1,2-Ethanediylbis(imino-2,1-ethanediyl))bis(9-methyl-1-phenazinecarboxamide)", "CC1=C2C(=CC=C1)N=C3C=CC=C(C3=N2)C(=O)NCCNCCNCCNC(=O)C4=CC=CC5=NC6=CC=CC(=C6N=C54)C", ["XR5944 is a DNA bis-intercalating anticancer drug. It has both intercalating and antineoplastic activities."]], ["1,4-Dihydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide", "C1C=CN(C=C1C(=O)N)[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O2)COP(=O)(O)OP(=O)(O)OC[C@@H]3[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O3)N4C=NC5=C(N=CN=C54)N)O)O)O)O", ["NADH is a coenzyme found in all living cells; consists of two nucleotides joined through their 5'-phosphate groups, with one nucleotide containing an adenine base and the other containing nicotinamide. It has a role as a fundamental metabolite and a cofactor. It is a NAD(P)H and a NAD. It is a conjugate acid of a NADH(2-).", "NADH is the reduced form of NAD+, and NAD+ is the oxidized form of NADH, a coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5'-diphosphate coupled to adenosine 5'-phosphate by pyrophosphate linkage. It is found widely in nature and is involved in numerous enzymatic reactions in which it serves as an electron carrier by being alternately oxidized (NAD+) and reduced (NADH). It forms NADP with the addition of a phosphate group to the 2' position of the adenosyl nucleotide through an ester linkage. (Dorland, 27th ed)", "NADH is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).", "1,4-Dihydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is a natural product found in Arabidopsis thaliana, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, and other organisms with data available.", "A coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5'-diphosphate coupled to adenosine 5'-phosphate by pyrophosphate linkage. It is found widely in nature and is involved in numerous enzymatic reactions in which it serves as an electron carrier by being alternately oxidized (NAD+) and reduced (NADH). (Dorland, 27th ed)"]], ["S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine", "C1=NC(=C2C(=N1)N(C=N2)[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O3)CSCC[C@@H](C(=O)O)N)O)O)N", ["S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine is an organic sulfide that is the S-adenosyl derivative of L-homocysteine. It has a role as a cofactor, an EC 2.1.1.79 (cyclopropane-fatty-acyl-phospholipid synthase) inhibitor, an EC 2.1.1.72 [site-specific DNA-methyltransferase (adenine-specific)] inhibitor, a fundamental metabolite and an epitope. It is a member of adenosines, an organic sulfide, a homocysteine derivative and a member of homocysteines. It is a conjugate acid of a S-adenosyl-L-homocysteinate. It is a tautomer of a S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine zwitterion.", "5'-S-(3-Amino-3-carboxypropyl)-5'-thioadenosine. Formed from S-adenosylmethionine after transmethylation reactions.", "S-Adenosylhomocysteine is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).", "S-Adenosylhomocysteine is an amino acid derivative and an intermediate in the synthesis of cysteine and adenosine. S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) is formed upon S-adenosylmethionine (SAM)-dependent methylation (homocysteine methionine cycle) of biological molecules, such as DNA, RNA, and proteins. It is then hydrolyzed by S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase to form adenosine and homocysteine. As SAH modulates methylation dependent reactions, SAH levels and the ratio of SAH:SAM may be used to assess methylation status of macrocolecules.", "S-Adenosylhomocysteine (AdoHcy) is the immediate precursor of all of the homocysteine produced in the body. The reaction is catalyzed by S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase and is reversible with the equilibrium favoring formation of AdoHcy. In vivo, the reaction is driven in the direction of homocysteine formation by the action of the enzyme adenosine deaminase, which converts the second product of the S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase reaction, adenosine, to inosine. Except for methyl transfer from betaine and from methylcobalamin in the methionine synthase reaction, AdoHcy is the product of all methylation reactions that involve S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) as the methyl donor. Methylation is significant in epigenetic regulation of protein expression via DNA and histone methylation. The inhibition of these AdoMet-mediated processes by AdoHcy is a proven mechanism for metabolic alteration. Because the conversion of AdoHcy to homocysteine is reversible, with the equilibrium favoring the formation of AdoHcy, increases in plasma homocysteine are accompanied by an elevation of AdoHcy in most cases. Disturbances in the transmethylation pathway indicated by abnormal S-adenosylmethionine, S-adenosylhomocysteine or their ratio have been reported in many neurodegenerative diseases, such as dementia, depression or Parkinson's disease.  (A3511, A3512).", "5'-S-(3-Amino-3-carboxypropyl)-5'-thioadenosine. Formed from S-adenosylmethionine after transmethylation reactions."]], ["sn-Glycerol 3-phosphate", "C([C@H](COP(=O)(O)O)O)O", ["Sn-glycerol 3-phosphate is an sn-glycerol 3-phosphate having unsubstituted hydroxy groups. It has a role as a human metabolite, a plant metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a glycerol 1-phosphate and a member of sn-glycerol 3-phosphates. It is functionally related to a glycerol. It is a conjugate acid of a sn-glycerol 3-phosphate(2-). It is an enantiomer of a sn-glycerol 1-phosphate.", "Glycerol 3-phosphate is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).", "glycerol-3-phosphate is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).", "sn-Glycerol 3-phosphate is a natural product found in Ardisia crenata, Psychotria punctata, and other organisms with data available.", "Glycerol 3-phosphate is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["D-Ribulose 5-phosphate", "C([C@H]([C@H](C(=O)CO)O)O)OP(=O)(O)O", ["D-ribulose 5-phosphate is the D-enantiomer of ribulose 5-phosphate that is one of the end-products of the pentose phosphate pathway. It has a role as a mouse metabolite. It is functionally related to a D-ribulose. It is a conjugate acid of a D-ribulose 5-phosphate(2-).", "D-Ribulose 5-phosphate is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).", "D-Ribulose 5-phosphate is a natural product found in Arabidopsis thaliana, Oryza sativa, and Aeromonas veronii with data available.", "D-ribulose 5-phosphate is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["(2R)-2,3-Dihydroxypropanoic acid", "C([C@H](C(=O)O)O)O", ["D-glyceric acid is the D-enantiomer of glyceric acid. It is a conjugate acid of a D-glycerate. It is an enantiomer of a L-glyceric acid.", "(2R)-2,3-Dihydroxypropanoic acid is a natural product found in Bacillus subtilis, Paraburkholderia, and other organisms with data available.", "Glyceric acid is a colorless syrupy acid, obtained from oxidation of glycerol. It is a compound that is secreted excessively in the urine by patients suffering from D-glyceric aciduria and D-glycerate anemia. Deficiency of human glycerate kinase leads to D-glycerate acidemia/D-glyceric aciduria. Symptoms of the disease include progressive neurological impairment, hypotonia, seizures, failure to thrive and metabolic acidosis.", "Glyceric acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["Mevalonic acid", "C[C@@](CCO)(CC(=O)O)O", ["(R)-mevalonic acid is the (R)-enantiomer of mevalonic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a (R)-mevalonate. It is an enantiomer of a (S)-mevalonic acid.", "Mevalonic acid is a natural product found in Streptomyces lividans, Artemisia annua, and other organisms with data available.", "(R)-Mevalonic acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.", "A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid and precursor in the biosynthetic pathway known as the mevalonate pathway, which produces terpenes and steroids that are vital for diverse cellular functions."]], ["L-arabinitol", "C([C@@H](C([C@H](CO)O)O)O)O", ["L-arabinitol is the L-enantiomer of arabinitol. It has a role as a human metabolite, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is an enantiomer of a D-arabinitol.", "L-Arabitol is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).", "L-arabinitol is a natural product found in Adonis vernalis with data available.", "L-arabinitol is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["L-cystathionine", "C(CSC[C@@H](C(=O)O)N)[C@@H](C(=O)O)N", ["L-cystathionine is a modified amino acid generated by enzymic means from L-homocysteine and L-serine. It has a role as a human metabolite, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a tautomer of a L-cystathionine dizwitterion.", "L-Cystathionine is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).", "Cystathionine is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).", "Cystathionine is an amino acid derivative that is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of cysteine. It is the product of the ligation of homocysteine and serine by cystathionine beta synthase.", "Sulfur-containing amino acid formed as an intermediate in the conversion of METHIONINE to CYSTEINE."]], ["(3S)-3-Methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid", "CC[C@H](C)C(=O)C(=O)O", ["(S)-3-methyl-2-oxovaleric acid is the (S)-enantiomer of 3-methyl-2-oxovaleric acid. It is a conjugate acid of a (S)-3-methyl-2-oxovalerate. It is an enantiomer of a (R)-3-methyl-2-oxovaleric acid.", "(3S)-3-Methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid is a natural product found in Trypanosoma brucei with data available.", "(S)-3-methyl-2-oxovaleric acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["Bekanamycin", "C1[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]1N)O[C@@H]2[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O2)CO)O)N)O)O)O[C@@H]3[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O3)CN)O)O)N)N", ["Kanamycin B is a member of kanamycins. It is a conjugate base of a kanamycin B(5+).", "Bekanamycin is a natural product found in Streptomyces kanamyceticus and Apis cerana with data available.", "Bekanamycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from Streptomyces kanamyceticus, with antibacterial activity. Bekanamycin irreversibly binds to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit. Specifically, this antibiotic is lodged between 16S rRNA and S12 protein within the 30S subunit. This leads to interference with translational initiation complex, misreading of mRNA, thereby hampering protein synthesis and resulting in bactericidal effect."]], ["Dihydrostreptomycin", "C[C@H]1[C@@]([C@H]([C@@H](O1)O[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]2O)O)N=C(N)N)O)N=C(N)N)O[C@H]3[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O3)CO)O)O)NC)(CO)O", ["Dihydrostreptomycin is a member of streptomycins.", "Dihydrostreptomycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic. In humans, the use of dihydrostreptomycin has been associated with ototoxicity. The FDA withdrew its approval for the use of all drug products containing dihydrostreptomycin sulfate.", "Dihydrostreptomycin is a natural product found in Streptomyces with data available.", "Dihydrostreptomycin is a derivative of streptomycin, aminoglycoside antibiotic, with bactericidal property. Dihydrostreptomycin depends on active transport across the bacterial cell membrane before irreversibly binding S12 protein of the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit. As a result, this agent interferes with the initiation complex between messenger RNA and the bacterial ribosome thereby causing the misreading of the genetic code resulting in the production of non-functional proteins, consequently leading to bacterial cell death.", "A semi-synthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic that is used in the treatment of TUBERCULOSIS."]], ["(2R)-2-hydroxypentanedioic acid", "C(CC(=O)O)[C@H](C(=O)O)O", ["(R)-2-hydroxyglutaric acid is the (R)-enantiomer of 2-hydroxyglutaric acid. It has a role as an algal metabolite. It is an enantiomer of a (S)-2-hydroxyglutaric acid.", "D-2-Hydroxyglutaric acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).", "(2R)-2-hydroxypentanedioic acid is a natural product found in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Euphorbia resinifera, and Trypanosoma brucei with data available.", "(R)-2-Hydroxyglutarate is the R-enantiomer of alpha-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG) where the hydroxy group is attached to the right side of the asymmetric carbon furthest from the carbonyl. This isoform is the predominant form found in gliomas associated with the expression of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutants. Therefore, measurement of the expression of the R-form may be correlated more closely with those diseases than measurement of total 2-HG.", "D-2-Hydroxyglutaric acid is an alpha hydroxy acid. In humans the compound is formed by a hydroxyacid-oxoacid transhydrogenase whereas in bacteria is formed by a 2-hydroxyglutarate synthase. D-2-Hydroxyglutarate is also formed via the normal activity of hydroxyacid-oxoacid transhydrogenase during conversion of 4-hydroxybutyrate to succinate semialdehyde. The compound can be converted to \u03b1-ketoglutaric acid through the action of a 2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase. In humans, there are two such enzymes called D2HGDH and L2HGDH. Tissue accumulation of high amounts of D-2-hydroxyglutaric acid is the biochemical hallmark of the inherited neurometabolic disorder D-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria. Both the D and the L stereoisomers of hydroxyglutaric acid (EC 1.1.99.2) are found in body fluids. Accumulation of L-2-hydroxyglutaric acid has been reported in multiple patients who have a clinical phenotype of progressive neurodegeneration with extrapyramidal and cerebellar signs, seizures, and spongiform changes in the white matter. Patients who have excess accumulation of D-2-hydroxyglutaric acid in the urine exhibit a variable phenotype but included mental retardation, macrocephaly with cerebral atrophy, hypotonia, seizures, and involuntary movements. D-2-hydroxyglutarate mediates its neurotoxicity through activation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. D-2-hydroxyglutarate is structurally similar to the excitatory amino acid glutamate and stimulates neurodegeneration by mechanisms well-known for glutamate, NMDA or mitochondrial toxins (A15198)"]], ["d-Myo-inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate", "[C@H]1([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]1OP(=O)(O)O)O)OP(=O)(O)O)OP(=O)(O)O)O)O", ["1D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate is a myo-inositol trisphosphate. It has a role as a mouse metabolite. It is a conjugate acid of a 1D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate(6-).", "Intracellular messenger formed by the action of phospholipase C on phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate, which is one of the phospholipids that make up the cell membrane. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate is released into the cytoplasm where it releases calcium ions from internal stores within the cell's endoplasmic reticulum. These calcium ions stimulate the activity of B kinase or calmodulin.", "d-Myo-inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate is a natural product found in Homo sapiens with data available.", "Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate is a phosphatidylinositol with phosphate covalently bound in the 4 and 5 positions of the inositol group. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate acts as an intermediate in the IP3/DAG pathway, hydrolyzed by phospholipase C and liberating diacylglycerol and PIP2, which activate Protein Kinase C and calcium release from the endoplasmic reticulum, respectively.", "Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.", "Intracellular messenger formed by the action of phospholipase C on phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate, which is one of the phospholipids that make up the cell membrane. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate is released into the cytoplasm where it releases calcium ions from internal stores within the cell's endoplasmic reticulum. These calcium ions stimulate the activity of B kinase or calmodulin."]], ["Vepesid J", "CC1OCC2C(O1)C(C(C(O2)O[C@H]3[C@H]4COC(=O)[C@@H]4[C@@H](C5=CC6=C(C=C35)OCO6)C7=CC(=C(C(=C7)OC)O)OC)O)O", ["(5S,5aR,8aR,9R)-5-[(7,8-dihydroxy-2-methyl-4,4a,6,7,8,8a-hexahydropyrano[3,2-d][1,3]dioxin-6-yl)oxy]-9-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-5a,6,8a,9-tetrahydro-5H-isobenzofuro[6,5-f][1,3]benzodioxol-8-one is a furonaphthodioxole.", "A semisynthetic derivative of PODOPHYLLOTOXIN that exhibits antitumor activity. Etoposide inhibits DNA synthesis by forming a complex with topoisomerase II and DNA. This complex induces breaks in double stranded DNA and prevents repair by topoisomerase II binding. Accumulated breaks in DNA prevent entry into the mitotic phase of cell division, and lead to cell death. Etoposide acts primarily in the G2 and S phases of the cell cycle."]], ["Desmosterol", "C[C@H](CCC=C(C)C)[C@H]1CC[C@@H]2[C@@]1(CC[C@H]3[C@H]2CC=C4[C@@]3(CC[C@@H](C4)O)C)C", ["Desmosterol is a cholestanoid that is cholesta-5,24-diene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3. It is an intermediate metabolite obtained during the synthesis of cholesterol. It has a role as a human metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a 3beta-sterol, a cholestanoid, a C27-steroid and a 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid.", "Desmosterol is a natural product found in Echinometra lucunter, Halopithys incurva, and other organisms with data available.", "An intermediate in the synthesis of cholesterol."]], ["(S)-Mandelic acid", "C1=CC=C(C=C1)[C@@H](C(=O)O)O", ["(S)-mandelic acid is a (2S)-2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid and a mandelic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a (S)-mandelate. It is an enantiomer of a (R)-mandelic acid.", "(S)-Mandelic acid is a natural product found in Prunus zippeliana and Sambucus nigra with data available."]], ["d-Tartaric acid", "[C@H]([C@@H](C(=O)O)O)(C(=O)O)O", ["D-tartaric acid is the D-enantiomer of tartaric acid. It has a role as an Escherichia coli metabolite. It is a conjugate acid of a D-tartrate(1-). It is an enantiomer of a L-tartaric acid.", "Tartaric acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).", "Tartaric Acid is a white crystalline dicarboxylic acid found in many plants, particularly tamarinds and grapes. Tartaric acid is used to generate carbon dioxide through interaction with sodium bicarbonate following oral administration. Carbon dioxide extends the stomach and provides a negative contrast medium during double contrast radiography. In high doses, this agent acts as a muscle toxin by inhibiting the production of malic acid, which could cause paralysis and maybe death."]], ["(2S,3R,5R,10R,13R,14S,17S)-2,3,14-trihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-17-[(3R)-2,3,6-trihydroxy-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-2,3,4,5,9,11,12,15,16,17-decahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-6-one", "C[C@]12CCC3C(=CC(=O)[C@H]4[C@@]3(C[C@@H]([C@@H](C4)O)O)C)[C@@]1(CC[C@@H]2C(C)([C@@H](CCC(C)(C)O)O)O)O", ["A steroid hormone that regulates the processes of MOLTING or ecdysis in insects. Ecdysterone is the 20-hydroxylated ECDYSONE."]], ["Guanidinosuccinic acid", "C([C@@H](C(=O)O)N=C(N)N)C(=O)O", ["N-amidino-L-aspartic acid is an aspartic acid derivative comprising L-aspartic acid carrying an N-amidino substituent. It is a L-aspartic acid derivative and a N-amidinoaspartic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a N-amidino-L-aspartate(1-) and a N-amidino-L-aspartate(2-).", "Guanidinosuccinic acid is a natural product found in Diospyros virginiana, Malus pumila, and other organisms with data available.", "Guanidinosuccinic acid is a uremic toxin.  Uremic toxins can be subdivided into three major groups based upon their chemical and physical characteristics: 1) small, water-soluble, non-protein-bound compounds, such as urea; 2) small, lipid-soluble and/or protein-bound compounds, such as the phenols and 3) larger so-called middle-molecules, such as beta2-microglobulin. Chronic exposure of uremic toxins can lead to a number of conditions including renal damage, chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular disease. \nGuanidinosuccinic acid (GSA) is one of the earliest uremic toxins isolated and its toxicity identified. Its metabolic origins show that it arose from the oxidation of argininosuccinic acid (ASA) by free radicals. The stimulus for this oxidation, occurring optimally in the presence of the failed kidney, is the rising level of urea which, through enzyme inhibition, results in a decline in hepatic levels of the semi-essential amino acid, arginine. It is further noted that concentrations of GSA in both serum and urine decline sharply in animals and humans exposed to the essential amino acid, methionine. Uremic patients suffer from a defective ability to generate methyl groups due to anorexia, dietary restrictions and renal protein leakage. This leads to the accumulation of homocysteine, a substance known to produce vascular damage. Even in healthy subjects intake of choline together with methionine is insufficient to satisfy total metabolic requirements for methyl groups. In end-stage renal disease, therefore, protein restriction contributes to the build-up of toxins in uremia. Replacement using specific amino acid mixtures should be directed toward identified deficiencies and adequacy monitored by following serum levels of the related toxins, in this case GSA and homocysteine. (A3289)."]], ["Nicotinamide riboside", "C1=CC(=C[N+](=C1)[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O2)CO)O)O)C(=O)N", ["N-ribosylnicotinamide is a pyridine nucleoside consisting of nicotinamide with a beta-D-ribofuranosyl moiety at the 1-position. It has a role as a human metabolite, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, a mouse metabolite and a geroprotector. It is a N-glycosylnicotinamide and a pyridine nucleoside.", "Nicotinamide riboside is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03432871 (Nicotinamide Riboside and Mitochondrial Biogenesis).", "Nicotinamide riboside is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).", "Nicotinamide riboside is a natural product found in Vitis vinifera, Panax ginseng, and other organisms with data available.", "Nicotinamide Riboside is an orally available form of vitamin B3 and precursor of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) with potential use in the treatment of chemotherapy induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN). Upon oral administration, nicotinamide riboside (NR) is converted to nicotinamide mononucleotide by the NR kinases, nicotinamide riboside kinase 1 (NRK 1) and nicotinamide riboside kinase 2 (NRK 2), to which a second adenine is transferred by nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyl transferase to generate NAD+. NAD+, an essential redox coenzyme, may offer protective effects against axonal injury from both mechanical and neurotoxic injury, and maintenance of NAD+ may be protective in mitochondrial disease. NR may help elevate and maintain NAD+ levels, which may ameliorate potential mechanisms implicated in the development of CIPN including mitochondrial dysfunction and peripheral nerve degeneration.", "Nicotinamide riboside is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["(2S)-2-hydroxypentanedioic acid", "C(CC(=O)O)[C@@H](C(=O)O)O", ["(S)-2-hydroxyglutaric acid is a 2-hydroxyglutaric acid. It is a conjugate acid of a (S)-2-hydroxyglutarate(2-). It is an enantiomer of a (R)-2-hydroxyglutaric acid.", "L-2-Hydroxyglutaric acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).", "(2S)-2-hydroxypentanedioic acid is a natural product found in Caenorhabditis elegans and Homo sapiens with data available.", "L-2-Hydroxyglutaric acid is an alpha hydroxy acid. In humans the compound is formed by a hydroxyacid-oxoacid transhydrogenase whereas in bacteria is formed by a 2-hydroxyglutarate synthase. The compound can be converted to \u03b1-ketoglutaric acid through the action of a 2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase. In humans, there are two such enzymes called D2HGDH and L2HGDH. Tissue accumulation of high amounts of D-2-hydroxyglutaric acid is the biochemical hallmark of the inherited neurometabolic disorder D-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria. Both the D and the L stereoisomers of hydroxyglutaric acid (EC 1.1.99.2) are found in body fluids. Accumulation of L-2-hydroxyglutaric acid has been reported in multiple patients who have a clinical phenotype of progressive neurodegeneration with extrapyramidal and cerebellar signs, seizures, and spongiform changes in the white matter. Patients who have excess accumulation of D-2-hydroxyglutaric acid in the urine exhibit a variable phenotype but included mental retardation, macrocephaly with cerebral atrophy, hypotonia, seizures, and involuntary movements."]], ["p-Hydroxyphenylethanolamine", "C1=CC(=CC=C1[C@H](CN)O)O", ["(R)-octopamine is an octopamine. It is an enantiomer of a (S)-octopamine.", "p-Hydroxyphenylethanolamine is a natural product found in Fascaplysinopsis reticulata, Lyallia kerguelensis, and other organisms with data available.", "An alpha-adrenergic sympathomimetic amine, biosynthesized from tyramine in the CNS and platelets and also in invertebrate nervous systems. It is used to treat hypotension and as a cardiotonic. The natural D(-) form is more potent than the L(+) form in producing cardiovascular adrenergic responses. It is also a neurotransmitter in some invertebrates."]], ["2-Methoxyestrone", "C[C@]12CC[C@H]3[C@H]([C@@H]1CCC2=O)CCC4=CC(=C(C=C34)OC)O", ["2-methoxyestrone is a 17-oxo steroid that is estrone in which the hydrogen at position 2 has been replaced by a methoxy group. It has a role as a human metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a 3-hydroxy steroid, a 17-oxo steroid, an alicyclic ketone, a member of phenols, an aromatic ether and a phenolic steroid. It is functionally related to an estrone.", "2-Methoxyestrone is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).", "2-Methoxyestrone is a natural product found in Homo sapiens with data available.", "2-Methoxyestrone is a metabolite formed during the methylation of 2-hydroxyestrone (2-OHE1) by catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), with potential anticarcinogenic and minimal estrogen activities. The mechanism of action for the antitumor activity of 2-methoxyestrone (2-OMeE1) is not known. A high 2-methoxyestrone (2-OMeE1)/2-OHE1 ratio indicates higher methylation efficiency and correlates with a lower cancer risk."]], ["Isopenicillin N", "CC1([C@@H](N2[C@H](S1)[C@@H](C2=O)NC(=O)CCC[C@@H](C(=O)O)N)C(=O)O)C", ["Isopenicillin N is a penicillin. It is a conjugate acid of an isopenicillin N(1-).", "Isopenicillin N is a natural product found in Streptomyces clavuligerus and Sarocladium strictum with data available."]], ["Coproporphyrinogen I", "CC1=C2CC3=C(C(=C(N3)CC4=C(C(=C(N4)CC5=C(C(=C(N5)CC(=C1CCC(=O)O)N2)C)CCC(=O)O)C)CCC(=O)O)C)CCC(=O)O", ["Coproporphyrinogen I is a coproporphyrinogen. It has a role as a mouse metabolite and a human metabolite. It is a conjugate acid of a coproporphyrinogen I(4-).", "Coproporphyrinogen I is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).", "Coproporphyrinogen I is a natural product found in Homo sapiens with data available."]], ["(S)-3-hydroxyisobutyric acid", "C[C@@H](CO)C(=O)O", ["(S)-3-hydroxyisobutyric acid is a 3-hydroxyisobutyric acid. It is a conjugate acid of a (S)-3-hydroxyisobutyrate.", "(S)-3-Hydroxyisobutyric acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).", "(S)-3-hydroxyisobutyric acid is a natural product found in Caenorhabditis elegans with data available.", "(S)-3-Hydroxyisobutyric acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["(S)-2-Propylpiperidine", "CCC[C@H]1CCCCN1", ["(+)-coniine is a piperidine alkaloid.", "(S)-2-Propylpiperidine is a natural product found in Aloe globuligemma, Conium maculatum, and other organisms with data available."]], ["(5aR,6S,8S,10S,11S,11aS,12aR,13R)-5-methyl-5a,6,8,9,10,11,11a,12-octahydro-5H-6,10:11,12a-dimethanoindolo[3,2-b]quinolizine-8,13-diol", "CC[C@H]1[C@@H]2C[C@H]3[C@H]4[C@@]5(C[C@@H](C2[C@H]5O)N3[C@@H]1O)C6=CC=CC=C6N4C", ["Ajmaline is a monoterpenoid indole alkaloid that consists of ajmalan substituted at positions 17 and 21 by hydroxy groups. It is a monoterpenoid indole alkaloid and a hemiaminal. It is a conjugate base of an ajmalinium. It derives from a hydride of an ajmalan.", "An alkaloid found in the root of Rauwolfia serpentina, among other plant sources. It is a class Ia antiarrhythmic agent that apparently acts by changing the shape and threshold of cardiac action potentials. Ajmaline produces potent sodium channel blocking effects and a very short half-life which makes it a very useful drug for acute intravenous treatments. The drug has been very popular in some countries for the treatment of atrial fibrillation in patients with the Wolff\u2013Parkinson\u2013White syndrome and in well tolerated monomorphic ventricular tachycardias. It has also been used for many years as a drug to challenge the conduction system of the heart in cases of bundle branch block and syncope. In these cases, abnormal prolongation of the HV interval has been taken as a proof for infrahisian conduction defects tributary for permanent pacemaker implantation.", "(5aR,6S,8S,10S,11S,11aS,12aR,13R)-5-methyl-5a,6,8,9,10,11,11a,12-octahydro-5H-6,10:11,12a-dimethanoindolo[3,2-b]quinolizine-8,13-diol is a natural product found in Euglena gracilis and Apis cerana with data available."]], ["[(1R,10R,11S,12S,14R,23S,25R)-1,10,11,12,14,23-hexahydroxy-6,10,19-trimethyl-24-oxa-4-azaheptacyclo[12.12.0.02,11.04,9.015,25.018,23.019,25]hexacosan-22-yl] 3,4-dimethoxybenzoate", "CC1CCC2[C@@]([C@]3([C@H](C[C@]4(C5CCC6[C@]7(C(CCC6([C@@]5(O7)C[C@]4(C3CN2C1)O)C)OC(=O)C8=CC(=C(C=C8)OC)OC)O)O)O)O)(C)O", ["Veratridine is a steroid-derived alkaloid from plants in the Liliaceae family that functions as a neurotoxin by activating sodium ion channels. It is primarily obtained from the herb Veratrum and sabadilla seeds. It binds to intramembrane receptor site 2 and increases intracellular Ca2+ concentration. It acts by preferentially binding to activated Na+ channels causing persistent activation that leads to increased nerve excitability.", "A benzoate-cevane found in VERATRUM and Schoenocaulon. It activates SODIUM CHANNELS to stay open longer than normal."]], ["Theophylline-ethylenediamine", "CN1C2=C(C(=O)N(C1=O)C)NC=N2.C(CN)N", ["A drug combination that contains THEOPHYLLINE and ethylenediamine. It is more soluble in water than theophylline but has similar pharmacologic actions. It's most common use is in bronchial asthma, but it has been investigated for several other applications."]], ["Cefoxitin", "CO[C@@]1([C@@H]2N(C1=O)C(=C(CS2)COC(=O)N)C(=O)O)NC(=O)CC3=CC=CS3", ["Cefoxitin is a semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic which, in addition to the methoxy group at the 7alpha position, has 2-thienylacetamido and carbamoyloxymethyl side-groups. It is resistant to beta-lactamase. It has a role as an antibacterial drug. It is a cephalosporin, a semisynthetic derivative, a beta-lactam antibiotic allergen and a cephamycin. It is a conjugate acid of a cefoxitin(1-).", "Cefoxitin is a semi-synthetic, broad-spectrum cepha antibiotic for intravenous administration. It is derived from cephamycin C, which is produced by Streptomyces lactamdurans.", "Cefoxitin is a Cephalosporin Antibacterial.", "Cefoxitin is a semisynthetic, broad-spectrum, second-generation cephalosporin with antibacterial activity. Cefoxitin binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall. PBPs are enzymes involved in the terminal stages of assembling the bacterial cell wall and in reshaping the cell wall during growth and division. Inactivation of PBPs interferes with the cross-linkage of peptidoglycan chains necessary for bacterial cell wall strength and rigidity. This results in the weakening of the bacterial cell wall and causes cell lysis.", "A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic resistant to beta-lactamase."]], ["trans-Platinum(II) diamminedichloride", "N.N.Cl[Pt+2]Cl", ["Cisplatin is a diamminedichloroplatinum compound in which the two ammine ligands and two chloro ligands are oriented in a cis planar configuration around the central platinum ion. An anticancer drug that interacts with, and forms cross-links between, DNA and proteins, it is used as a neoplasm inhibitor to treat solid tumours, primarily of the testis and ovary. Commonly but incorrectly described as an alkylating agent due to its mechanism of action (but it lacks alkyl groups). It has a role as an antineoplastic agent, a photosensitizing agent, a cross-linking reagent, a genotoxin, a nephrotoxin, a ferroptosis inducer, an apoptosis inducer and a mutagen.", "Cisplatin, cisplatinum or cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (CDDP) is a platinum-based chemotherapy drug used to treat various types of cancers, including sarcomas, some carcinomas (e.g. small cell lung cancer, and ovarian cancer), lymphomas and germ cell tumors. It was the first member of its class, which now also includes carboplatin and oxaliplatin.", "Cisplatin, cisplatinum or cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (CDDP) is a platinum-based chemotherapy drug used to treat various types of cancers, including sarcomas, some carcinomas (e.g. small cell lung cancer, and ovarian cancer), lymphomas and germ cell tumors. It was the first member of its class, which now also includes carboplatin and oxaliplatin.", "An inorganic and water-soluble platinum complex. After undergoing hydrolysis, it reacts with DNA to produce both intra and interstrand crosslinks. These crosslinks appear to impair replication and transcription of DNA. The cytotoxicity of cisplatin correlates with cellular arrest in the G2 phase of the cell cycle."]], ["(1R)-2-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine", "C1[C@H](C1C2=CC=CC=C2)N", ["(1R)-2-Phenylcyclopropan-1-amine is an aralkylamine.", "Tranylcypromine is a nonhydrazine monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAO inhibitor) used in therapy of severe depression. Tranylcypromine therapy is associated with rare instances of clinically apparent acute liver injury.", "A propylamine formed from the cyclization of the side chain of amphetamine. This monoamine oxidase inhibitor is effective in the treatment of major depression, dysthymic disorder, and atypical depression. It also is useful in panic and phobic disorders. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p311)", "A propylamine formed from the cyclization of the side chain of amphetamine. This monoamine oxidase inhibitor is effective in the treatment of major depression, dysthymic disorder, and atypical depression. It also is useful in panic and phobic disorders. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p311)"]], ["Moxalactam disodium", "CN1C(=NN=N1)SCC2=C(N3[C@@H]([C@@](C3=O)(NC(=O)C(C4=CC=C(C=C4)O)C(=O)[O-])OC)OC2)C(=O)[O-].[Na+].[Na+]", ["Moxalactam Disodium is a parenteral oxacephem antibiotic with an oxygen molecule substituted for the sulfur atom in the beta-lactam nucleus. Moxalactam is a thrid-generation cephalosporin that has broad-spectrum antibiotic activity and high resistance to beta-lactameses. This agent is active against gram-negative enteric bacilli, including multiple drug-resistant strains.", "Broad- spectrum beta-lactam antibiotic similar in structure to the CEPHALOSPORINS except for the substitution of an oxaazabicyclo moiety for the thiaazabicyclo moiety of certain CEPHALOSPORINS. It has been proposed especially for the meningitides because it passes the blood-brain barrier and for anaerobic infections."]], ["Saquinavir", "CC(C)(C)NC(=O)[C@@H]1C[C@@H]2CCCC[C@@H]2CN1C[C@H]([C@H](CC3=CC=CC=C3)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)N)NC(=O)C4=NC5=CC=CC=C5C=C4)O", ["Saquinavir is an aspartic acid derivative obtained by formal condensation of the primary amino group of (2S,3R)-4-[(3S,4aS,8aS)-3-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)octahydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl]-3-hydroxy-1-phenylbutan-2-ylamine with the carboxy group of N(2)(-quinolin-2-ylcarbonyl)-L-asparagine. An inhibitor of HIV-1 protease. It has a role as a HIV protease inhibitor and an antiviral drug. It is a member of quinolines and a L-asparagine derivative.", "Saquinavir is an HIV-1 protease inhibitor used in combination with [ritonavir] and other antiretrovirals for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) infection. In 1995 it became the first protease inhibitor approved by the FDA, followed shortly by ritonavir in 1996, and remains in clinical use today due to a relatively benign adverse effect profile as compared to other antiretroviral therapies. While its efficacy was initially limited by exceptionally poor oral bioavailability (approximately 4%), its current indications require the co-administration of ritonavir - a potent enzyme inhibitor - that increases the bioavailability and subsequent serum concentrations of saquinavir, thus dramatically improving antiviral activity.", "Saquinavir is a Protease Inhibitor. The mechanism of action of saquinavir is as a HIV Protease Inhibitor, and Cytochrome P450 3A Inhibitor.", "Saquinavir is an antiretroviral protease inhibitor that is used in the therapy and prevention of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Saquinavir can cause transient and usually asymptomatic elevations in serum aminotransferase levels and, rarely, can lead to clinically apparent acute liver injury. In HBV or HCV coinfected patients, highly active antiretroviral therapy with saquinavir may result of an exacerbation of the underlying chronic hepatitis B or C.", "Saquinavir is a peptidomimetic inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) protease.", "An HIV protease inhibitor which acts as an analog of an HIV protease cleavage site. It is a highly specific inhibitor of HIV-1 and HIV-2 proteases, and also inhibits CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A."]], ["Paclitaxel (Taxol)", "CC1=C2[C@H](C(=O)[C@@]3([C@H](C[C@@H]4[C@](C3[C@@H]([C@@](C2(C)C)(C[C@@H]1OC(=O)[C@@H]([C@H](C5=CC=CC=C5)NC(=O)C6=CC=CC=C6)O)O)OC(=O)C7=CC=CC=C7)(CO4)OC(=O)C)O)C)OC(=O)C", ["Pharmakon1600-01503908 is a natural product found in Taxus wallichiana, Taxus baccata, and other organisms with data available."]], ["Pentazocine hydrochloride", "C[C@H]1[C@H]2CC3=C([C@@]1(CCN2CC=C(C)C)C)C=C(C=C3)O.Cl", ["Pentazocine Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of pentazocine, a benzomorphan narcotic agonist-antagonist. Pentazocine hydrochloride binds to and activates kappa- and sigma-opioid receptors, resulting in sedation and analgesia. In addition, this agent antagonizes the mu-receptor. Pentazocine hydrochloride partially reverses opiate-induced cardiovascular, respiratory, and behavioral depression.", "The first mixed agonist-antagonist analgesic to be marketed. It is an agonist at the kappa and sigma opioid receptors and has a weak antagonist action at the mu receptor. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1991, p97)"]], ["6-Methyl-9,10-didehydroergoline-8-carboxylic acid", "CN1CC(C=C2[C@H]1CC3=CNC4=CC=CC2=C34)C(=O)O", ["6-Methyl-9,10-didehydroergoline-8-carboxylic acid is an ergoline alkaloid. It is functionally related to a lysergic acid."]], ["Pancuronium", "CC(=O)O[C@H]1C[C@@H]2CC[C@@H]3[C@@H]([C@]2(C[C@@H]1[N+]4(CCCCC4)C)C)CC[C@]5([C@H]3C[C@@H]([C@@H]5OC(=O)C)[N+]6(CCCCC6)C)C", ["Pancuronium is a steroid ester in which a 5alpha-androstane skeleton is C-3alpha- and C-17beta-disubstituted with acetoxy groups and 2beta- and 16beta-disubstituted with 1-methylpiperidinium-1-yl groups. It is a non-depolarizing curare-mimetic muscle relaxant. It has a role as a muscle relaxant, a cholinergic antagonist and a nicotinic antagonist. It is a steroid ester and an acetate ester.", "A bis-quaternary steroid that is a competitive nicotinic antagonist. As a neuromuscular blocking agent it is more potent than curare but has less effect on the circulatory system and on histamine release.", "Pancuronium is a Nondepolarizing Neuromuscular Blocker. The physiologic effect of pancuronium is by means of Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Blockade.", "Pancuronium is a synthetic, long-acting bis-quaternary steroid and non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent, with muscle relaxant activity. Pancuronium competitively binds to and blocks the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor at the neuromuscular junction, thereby preventing acetylcholine (ACh) binding and resulting in skeletal muscle relaxation and paralysis.", "A bis-quaternary steroid that is a competitive nicotinic antagonist. As a neuromuscular blocking agent it is more potent than CURARE but has less effect on the circulatory system and on histamine release."]], ["Rocuronium", "CC(=O)O[C@H]1[C@H](C[C@@H]2[C@@]1(CC[C@H]3[C@H]2CC[C@@H]4[C@@]3(C[C@@H]([C@H](C4)O)N5CCOCC5)C)C)[N+]6(CCCC6)CC=C", ["Rocuronium is a 5alpha-androstane compound having 3alpha-hydroxy-, 17beta-acetoxy-, 2beta-morpholino- and 16beta-N-allyllyrrolidinium substituents. It has a role as a neuromuscular agent, a muscle relaxant and a drug allergen. It is an androstane, a 3alpha-hydroxy steroid, a quaternary ammonium ion, an acetate ester, a member of morpholines and a tertiary amino compound. It derives from a hydride of a 5alpha-androstane.", "Rocuronium (rapid onset-curonium) is a desacetoxy analogue of vecuronium with a more rapid onset of action. It is an aminosteroid non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocker or muscle relaxant used in modern anaesthesia, to facilitate endotracheal intubation and to provide skeletal muscle relaxation during surgery or mechanical ventilation. Introduced in 1994, rocuronium has rapid onset, and intermediate duration of action. It is commonly marketed under the trade names Zemuron and Esmeron. The drug is associated with the risk of developing allergic reactions in some high-risk patients, such as those with asthma. However, there was a similar incidence of allergic reactions associated with other non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents. [Sugammadex] is a \u03b3-cyclodextrin derivative that has been introduced as a novel agent to reverse the action of rocuronium.", "Rocuronium is a Nondepolarizing Neuromuscular Blocker. The physiologic effect of rocuronium is by means of Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Blockade.", "An androstanol non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent. It has a mono-quaternary structure and is a weaker nicotinic antagonist than PANCURONIUM."]], ["Hyperforin", "CC(C)C(=O)[C@]12C(=O)C(=C([C@](C1=O)(C[C@@H]([C@@]2(C)CCC=C(C)C)CC=C(C)C)CC=C(C)C)O)CC=C(C)C", ["Hyperforin is a cyclic terpene ketone that is a prenylated carbobicyclic acylphloroglucinol derivative produced by St. John's Wort, Hypericum perforatum. It has a role as a GABA reuptake inhibitor, a plant metabolite, an anti-inflammatory agent, an antidepressant, an antibacterial agent, an antineoplastic agent and an apoptosis inducer. It is a cyclic terpene ketone, a sesquarterpenoid and a carbobicyclic compound.", "Hyperforin is a phytochemical generated by the plants of the Hypericum family. One of the most important members of this family, due to its medical properties, is Hypericum perforatum, also known as St John's wort.", "Hyperforin is a natural product found in Hypericum linarioides, Hypericum rumeliacum, and other organisms with data available."]], ["Perindopril erbumine", "CCC[C@@H](C(=O)OCC)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N1[C@H]2CCCC[C@H]2C[C@H]1C(=O)O.CC(C)(C)N", ["Perindopril erbumine is an addition compound. It has a role as an antihypertensive agent and an EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor. It contains a perindopril(1-).", "Perindopril Erbumine is the tert-butylamine salt of perindopril, the ethyl ester of a non-sulfhydryl angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor with antihypertensive activity. Upon hydrolysis, perindopril erbumine is converted to its active form perindoprilat, inhibiting ACE and the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II; consequently, angiotensin II-mediated vasoconstriction and angiotensin II-stimulated aldosterone secretion from the adrenal cortex are inhibited and diuresis and natriuresis ensue.", "An angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. It is used in patients with hypertension and heart failure."]], ["Mometasone furoate", "C[C@@H]1C[C@H]2[C@@H]3CCC4=CC(=O)C=C[C@@]4([C@]3([C@H](C[C@@]2([C@]1(C(=O)CCl)OC(=O)C5=CC=CO5)C)O)Cl)C", ["Mometasone furoate is a 2-furoate ester, a steroid ester, an 11beta-hydroxy steroid, a 20-oxo steroid, an organochlorine compound and a 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid. It has a role as an anti-inflammatory drug and an anti-allergic agent. It is functionally related to a mometasone.", "Mometasone furoate is a corticosteroid drug that can be used for the treatment of asthma, rhinitis, and certain skin conditions. It has a glucocorticoid receptor binding affinity 22 times stronger than [dexamethasone] and higher than many other corticosteroids as well. Mometasone furoate is formulated as a dry powder inhaler, nasal spray, and ointment for its different indications.", "Mometasone Furoate is the furoate ester form of mometasone, a synthetic topical glucocorticoid receptor (GR) agonist with anti-inflammatory, anti-pruritic and vasoconstrictive properties. Upon administration, mometasone binds to cytoplasmic GRs and subsequently activates GR-mediated gene expression. This results in the synthesis of certain anti-inflammatory proteins, while inhibiting the synthesis of certain inflammatory mediators. Specifically, mometasone appears to induce phospholipase A2 inhibitory proteins, thereby controlling the release of the inflammatory precursor arachidonic acid from phospholipid membrane by phospholipase A2.", "A pregnadienediol derivative ANTI-ALLERGIC AGENT and ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENT that is used in the management of ASTHMA and ALLERGIC RHINITIS. It is also used as a topical treatment for skin disorders."]], ["Stilnox", "CC1=CC=C(C=C1)C2=C(N3C=C(C=CC3=N2)C)CC(=O)N(C)C.CC1=CC=C(C=C1)C2=C(N3C=C(C=CC3=N2)C)CC(=O)N(C)C.[C@@H]([C@H](C(=O)O)O)(C(=O)O)O", ["Zolpidem tartrate is the hemitartrate salt of zolpidem. It contains a zolpidem.", "An imidazopyridine derivative and short-acting GABA-A receptor agonist that is used for the treatment of INSOMNIA."]], ["Anzemet hydrate", "CS(=O)(=O)O.C1C2CC3CC(CC1N3CC2=O)OC(=O)C4=CNC5=CC=CC=C54", ["Dolasetron methanesulfonate is a methanesulfonate salt. It is functionally related to a dolasetron.", "Dolasetron Mesylate is an indole derivative with antiemetic activity.  As a selective serotonin receptor antagonist, dolasetron mesylate competitively blocks the action of serotonin at 5HT3 receptors, resulting in suppression of chemotherapy- and radiotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. (NCI04)"]], ["Rocuronium bromide", "CC(=O)O[C@H]1[C@H](C[C@@H]2[C@@]1(CC[C@H]3[C@H]2CC[C@@H]4[C@@]3(C[C@@H]([C@H](C4)O)N5CCOCC5)C)C)[N+]6(CCCC6)CC=C.[Br-]", ["Rocuronium bromide is the organic bromide salt of a 5alpha androstane compound having 3alpha-hydroxy-, 17beta-acetoxy-, 2beta-morpholino- and 16beta-N-allyllyrrolidinium substituents. It has a role as a neuromuscular agent and a muscle relaxant. It is an organic bromide salt and a quaternary ammonium salt. It contains a rocuronium. It derives from a hydride of a 5alpha-androstane.", "Rocuronium Bromide is the bromide salt form of rocuronium, an intermediate-acting quaternary aminosteroid with muscle relaxant property. Rocuronium bromide competitively binds to the nicotinic receptor at the motor end plate, and antagonizes acetylcholine binding, which results in skeletal muscle relaxation and paralysis.", "An androstanol non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent. It has a mono-quaternary structure and is a weaker nicotinic antagonist than PANCURONIUM."]], ["Vaniqa", "C(CC(C(F)F)(C(=O)O)N)CN.O.Cl", ["Eflornithine hydrochloride monohydrate is the hydrochloride and hydrate of the trypanocidal drug eflornithine. It is a hydrochloride and a hydrate. It contains an eflornithine.", "Eflornithine Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride form of eflornithine, a difluoromethylated ornithine compound with antineoplastic activity.  Eflornithine irreversibly inhibits ornithine decarboxylase, an enzyme required for polyamine biosynthesis, thereby inhibiting the formation and proliferation of tumor cells. Polyamines are involved in nucleosome oligomerization and DNA conformation, creating a chromatin environment that stimulates neoplastic transformation of cells. (NCI04)", "An inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase, the rate limiting enzyme of the polyamine biosynthetic pathway."]], ["Mephaquin; Racemic mefloquine; Ro 21-5998; WR 142490", "C1CCNC(C1)C(C2=CC(=NC3=C2C=CC=C3C(F)(F)F)C(F)(F)F)O.Cl", ["Mefloquine Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of mefloquine, a piperidinyl quinidine with antimalarial activity. Although the exact mechanism of mefloquine hydrochloride is largely unknown, this agent acts as a blood schizonticide and probably exert its actions by interacting with the phospholipid bilayer, thereby interfering with the stability of the cell membrane and causing cell lysis. Mefloquine hydrochloride is active against Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax.", "A phospholipid-interacting antimalarial drug (ANTIMALARIALS). It is very effective against PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM with very few side effects."]], ["(1S,2S,6R,14R,16R)-5-(cyclopropylmethyl)-16-(2-hydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutan-2-yl)-15-methoxy-13-oxa-5-azahexacyclo[13.2.2.12,8.01,6.02,14.012,20]icosa-8(20),9,11-trien-11-ol;hydrochloride", "CC(C)(C)C(C)([C@H]1C[C@@]23CCC1([C@H]4[C@@]25CCN([C@@H]3CC6=C5C(=C(C=C6)O)O4)CC7CC7)OC)O.Cl", ["Buprenorphine Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of buprenorphine, a synthetic phenanthrene with narcotic analgesic activity. Buprenorphine hydrochloride is a partial agonist at the mu-opioid receptor and an antagonist at the kapa-opioid receptor in the central nervous system. However, under the conditions of recommended use it behaves as a classic mu-opioid agonist, mimicking the actions of endogenous peptides at CNS opioid receptors. The agonist action results in a raised pain threshold and increased tolerance to pain.  However, it also causes sedation, physical dependence, and respiratory depressant effects and decreases heart rate and blood pressure.", "A derivative of the opioid alkaloid THEBAINE that is a more potent and longer lasting analgesic than MORPHINE. It appears to act as a partial agonist at mu and kappa opioid receptors and as an antagonist at delta receptors. The lack of delta-agonist activity has been suggested to account for the observation that buprenorphine tolerance may not develop with chronic use."]], ["Erythromycin estolate", "CCCCCCCCCCCCOS(=O)(=O)O.CC[C@@H]1[C@@]([C@@H]([C@H](C(=O)[C@@H](C[C@@]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](C(=O)O1)C)O[C@H]2C[C@@]([C@H]([C@@H](O2)C)O)(C)OC)C)O[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@H](C[C@H](O3)C)N(C)C)OC(=O)CC)(C)O)C)C)O)(C)O", ["Erythromycin estolate is an aminoglycoside sulfate salt and an erythromycin derivative. It has a role as an enzyme inhibitor. It contains an erythromycin A 2'-propanoate.", "Erythromycin Estolate is the lauryl sulfate ester of propionyl erythromycin, a broad-spectrum, topical macrolide antibiotic with antibacterial activity. Erythromycin estolate diffuses through the bacterial cell membrane and reversibly binds to the 50S subunit of the bacterial ribosome. This prevents bacterial protein synthesis. Erythromycin estolate may be bacteriostatic or bactericidal in action, depending on the concentration of the drug at the site of infection and the susceptibility of the organism involved.", "A macrolide antibiotic, produced by Streptomyces erythreus. It is the lauryl sulfate salt of the propionic ester of erythromycin. This erythromycin salt acts primarily as a bacteriostatic agent. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins."]], ["Merbromina", "C1=CC=C(C(=C1)C2=C3C=C(C(=O)C=C3OC4=C(C(=C(C=C24)Br)[O-])[Hg])Br)C(=O)[O-].O.[Na+].[Na+]", ["Merbromin is an organic sodium salt that is 2,7-dibromo-4-hydroxymercurifluorescein in which the carboxy group and the phenolic hydroxy group have been deprotonated and the resulting charge is neutralised by two sodium ions. It has a role as an antiseptic drug, a fluorochrome and a histological dye. It contains a 2,7-dibromo-4-hydroxymercurifluorescein(2-).", "Mercurochrome is a trade name of merbromin commonly used as a topical first-aid antiseptic agent. It is an organomercuric disodium salt compound and a fluorescein that is available in many countries, except Switzerland, France, Germany, and the United States where the drug was withdrawn from market due to the possibility of mercury poisoning.", "Merbromin is an organomercuric disodium salt compound and a fluorescein. It is used as a topical antiseptic for minor cuts and scrapes. Merbromin is also used as a biological dye to mark tissue margins, and as a metal dye in industrial dye penetrant inspection to detect metal fractures. Due to its mercury content, is is not available in some countries, such as the United States. Mercury is a heavy, silvery d-block metal and one of six elements that are liquid at or near room temperature and pressure. It is a naturally occuring substance, and combines with other elements such as chlorine, sulfur, or oxygen to form inorganic mercury compounds (salts). Mercury also combines with carbon to make organic mercury compounds. Bromine is a halogen element with the symbol Br and atomic number 35. Diatomic bromine does not occur naturally, but bromine salts can be found in crustal rock. (L625, L1, L264)"]], ["Bacampicillin", "CCOC(=O)OC(C)OC(=O)[C@H]1C(S[C@H]2N1C(=O)[C@H]2NC(=O)[C@@H](C3=CC=CC=C3)N)(C)C", ["Bacampicillin is a penicillanic acid ester that is the 1-ethoxycarbonyloxyethyl ester of ampicillin. It is a semi-synthetic, microbiologically inactive prodrug of ampicillin. It has a role as a prodrug. It is functionally related to an ampicillin.", "Bacampicillin is a prodrug of ampicillin and is microbiologically inactive. It is absorbed following oral administration. During absorption from the gastrointestinal tract, bacampicillin is hydrolyzed by esterases present in the intestinal wall. It is microbiologically active as ampicillin, and exerts a bactericidal action through the inhibition of the biosynthesis of cell wall mucopeptides.  It is used to cure infection of upper and lower respiratory tract; skin and soft tissue; urinary tract and acute uncomplicated gonococcal urethritis etc.", "Bacampicillin is a natural product found in Apis cerana with data available.", "Bacampicillin is a prodrug of ampicillin, a broad-spectrum, semisynthetic, beta-lactam aminopenicillin antibiotic with bactericidal activity. Bacampicillin is hydrolyzed in vivo by esterases to its active metabolite ampicillin. Ampicillin binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBP) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall. Inactivation of PBPs interferes with the cross-linkage of peptidoglycan chains necessary for bacterial cell wall strength and rigidity. This interrupts bacterial cell wall synthesis and results in the weakening of the bacterial cell wall and causes cell lysis."]], ["Bacampicillin hydrochloride", "CCOC(=O)OC(C)OC(=O)[C@H]1C(S[C@H]2N1C(=O)[C@H]2NC(=O)[C@@H](C3=CC=CC=C3)N)(C)C.Cl", ["Bacampicillin Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt of bacampicillin, a prodrug of ampicillin, a broad-spectrum, semisynthetic, beta-lactam aminopenicillin antibiotic with bactericidal activity. Bacampicillin is hydrolyzed in vivo by esterases to its active metabolite ampicillin. Ampicillin binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBP) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall. Inactivation of PBPs interferes with the cross-linkage of peptidoglycan chains necessary for bacterial cell wall strength and rigidity. This interrupts bacterial cell wall synthesis and results in the weakening of the bacterial cell wall and causes cell lysis."]], ["Linezolid", "CC(=O)NC[C@H]1CN(C(=O)O1)C2=CC(=C(C=C2)N3CCOCC3)F", ["Linezolid is an organofluorine compound that consists of 1,3-oxazolidin-2-one bearing an N-3-fluoro-4-(morpholin-4-yl)phenyl group as well as an acetamidomethyl group at position 5. A synthetic antibacterial agent that inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to a site on 23S ribosomal RNA of the 50S subunit and prevents further formation of a functional 70S initiation complex. It has a role as an antibacterial drug and a protein synthesis inhibitor. It is an oxazolidinone, a member of morpholines, an organofluorine compound and a member of acetamides.", "Linezolid is a synthetic antibiotic which is used for the treatment of infections caused by aerobic Gram-positive bacteria. Its effects are bacteriostatic against both enterococci and staphylococci and bactericidal against most isolates of streptococci. Linezolid exerts its antibacterial activity by inhibiting the initiation of bacterial protein synthesis - more specifically, it binds to the 23S ribosomal RNA of the 50S subunit and, in doing so, prevents the formation of the 70S initiation complex which is essential for bacterial reproduction.  Linezolid was initially approved in 2000 and was the first member of the oxazolidinone antibiotic class. A second member of this class, [tedizolid], was approved by the FDA in 2014 and is considered generally more effective and tolerable than its predecessor.", "Linezolid is an Oxazolidinone Antibacterial.", "Linezolid is an oxazolidinone class antibiotic that is used for serious or problematic infections caused by resistant enterococcal or staphylococcal organisms. Prolonged therapy with linezolid has been linked to rare instances of lactic acidosis and liver injury probably as a result of hepatic mitochondrial toxicity.", "Linezolid is a synthetic oxazolidinone derivative, Linezolid selectively inhibits an early step in bacterial protein synthesis and affects blood pressure through monoamine oxidase inhibition. It is effective against Gram-positive organisms, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains, coagulase-negative Staphylococci, vancomycin-resistant Enterococci, and penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae strains. (NCI04)", "Linezolid is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a synthetic antibiotic, the first of the oxazolidinone class, used for the treatment of infections caused by multi-resistant bacteria including streptococcus and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Linezolid is a synthetic antibacterial agent of the oxazolidinone class of antibiotics. It has in vitro activity against aerobic Gram positive bacteria, certain Gram negative bacteria and anaerobic microorganisms. It selectively inhibits bacterial protein synthesis through binding to sites on the bacterial ribosome and prevents the formation of a functional 70S-initiation complex. Specifically, linezolid binds to a site on the bacterial 23S ribosomal RNA of the 50S subunit and prevents the formation of a functional 70S initiation complex, which is an essential component of the bacterial translation process. The results of time-kill studies have shown linezolid to be bacteriostatic against enterococci and staphylococci. For streptococci, linezolid was found to be bactericidal for the majority of strains. Linezolid is also a reversible, nonselective inhibitor of monoamine oxidase. Therefore, linezolid has the potential for interaction with adrenergic and serotonergic agents.", "An oxazolidinone and acetamide derived ANTI-BACTERIAL AGENT and PROTEIN SYNTHESIS INHIBITOR that is used in the treatment of GRAM-POSITIVE BACTERIAL INFECTIONS of the skin and respiratory tract."]], ["Testosterone cypionate", "C[C@]12CC[C@H]3[C@H]([C@@H]1CC[C@@H]2OC(=O)CCC4CCCC4)CCC5=CC(=O)CC[C@]35C", ["Testosterone cypionate is a sterol ester. It is functionally related to a 3-cyclopentylpropionic acid and a testosterone.", "Testosterone cypionate is a synthetic derivative of testosterone in the form of an oil-soluble 17 (beta)-cyclopentylpropionate ester. Its benefit compared to other testosterone derivatives is the slow rate of release after injection and longer half-life. It was developed by the company Pharmacia and Upjohn and FDA approved on July 25, 1979.", "Testosterone Cypionate is an eight-carbon ester form of Testosterone. The number of ester carbon atoms correlate with the half-life of the prodrug.  Testosterone inhibits gonadotropin secretion from the pituitary gland and ablates estrogen production in the ovaries, thereby decreasing endogenous estrogen levels.  In addition, this agent promotes the maintenance of male sex characteristics and is indicated for testosterone replacement in hypogonadal males. (NCI04)"]], ["Hydrocortisone sodium phosphate", "C[C@]12CCC(=O)C=C1CC[C@@H]3[C@@H]2[C@H](C[C@]4([C@H]3CC[C@@]4(C(=O)COP(=O)([O-])[O-])O)C)O.[Na+].[Na+]", ["Cortisol sodium phosphate is an organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of cortisol phosphate. It contains a cortisol phosphate(2-)."]], ["Hydrocortisone phosphate", "C[C@]12CCC(=O)C=C1CC[C@@H]3[C@@H]2[C@H](C[C@]4([C@H]3CC[C@@]4(C(=O)COP(=O)(O)O)O)C)O", ["Cortisol phosphate is a steroid phosphate that is the 21-O-phospho derivative of cortisol. It is a cortisol ester, a steroid phosphate, an 11beta-hydroxy steroid, a 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid, a 17alpha-hydroxy steroid and a tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone. It is a conjugate acid of a cortisol phosphate(2-)."]], ["Epinephrine Hydrochloride", "CNC[C@@H](C1=CC(=C(C=C1)O)O)O.Cl", ["Crystals. Used medically as a cardiostimulant.", "Epinephrine Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt of the naturally occurring sympathomimetic amine with vasoconstricting, intraocular pressure-reducing, and bronchodilating activities. By stimulating vascular alpha-adrenergic receptors, epinephrine causes vasoconstriction, thereby increasing vascular resistance and blood pressure. When administered in the conjunctiva, this agent binds to alpha-adrenergic receptors in the iris sphincter muscle, resulting in vasoconstriction, a decrease in the production of aqueous humor, and a lowering of intraocular pressure. Through its beta1 receptor-stimulating actions, epinephrine increases the force and rate of myocardial contraction and relaxes bronchial smooth muscle, resulting in bronchodilation.", "The active sympathomimetic hormone from the ADRENAL MEDULLA. It stimulates both the alpha- and beta- adrenergic systems, causes systemic VASOCONSTRICTION and gastrointestinal relaxation, stimulates the HEART, and dilates BRONCHI and cerebral vessels. It is used in ASTHMA and CARDIAC FAILURE and to delay absorption of local ANESTHETICS."]], ["Metaraminol bitartrate", "C[C@@H]([C@@H](C1=CC(=CC=C1)O)O)N.[C@@H]([C@H](C(=O)O)O)(C(=O)O)O", ["A sympathomimetic agent that acts predominantly at alpha-1 adrenergic receptors. It has been used primarily as a vasoconstrictor in the treatment of HYPOTENSION."]], ["Levobunolol hydrochloride", "CC(C)(C)[NH2+]C[C@@H](COC1=CC=CC2=C1CCCC2=O)O.[Cl-]", ["Levobunolol Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of levobunolol, a naphthalenone and non-cardioselective adrenergic beta-receptor antagonist with anti-glaucoma activity. Upon administration in the eye, levobunolol blocks beta-adrenergic receptors, thereby causing vasoconstriction. Levobunolol also decreases ciliary's body production of aqueous humor, leading to a decrease in aqueous humor.", "The L-Isomer of bunolol."]], ["alpha-Amanitin", "CC[C@H](C)[C@H]1C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@H]2CS(=O)C3=C(C[C@@H](C(=O)NCC(=O)N1)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H]4C[C@H](CN4C(=O)[C@@H](NC2=O)CC(=O)N)O)[C@@H](C)[C@H](CO)O)C5=C(N3)C=C(C=C5)O", ["alpha-Amanitin is a natural product found in Galerina marginata, Amanita verna, and other organisms with data available.", "A cyclic octapeptide with a thioether bridge between the cystine and tryptophan. It inhibits RNA POLYMERASE II. Poisoning may require LIVER TRANSPLANTATION."]], ["Malvidin-3,5-diglucoside", "COC1=CC(=CC(=C1O)OC)C2=C(C=C3C(=CC(=CC3=[O+]2)O)O[C@H]4[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O4)CO)O)O)O)O[C@H]5[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O5)CO)O)O)O", ["Malvin is an anthocyanin cation that is malvidin carrying two beta-D-glucosyl residues at positions 3 and 5. It has a role as a biological pigment and a metabolite. It is an anthocyanin cation and a beta-D-glucoside. It is functionally related to a malvidin.", "Malvidin-3,5-diglucoside is a natural product found in Malva sylvestris, Phaseolus vulgaris, and Cunila with data available."]], ["Digitalin", "C[C@@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O1)O[C@H]2CC[C@]3([C@@H](C2)CC[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CC[C@]5([C@@]4(C[C@@H]([C@@H]5C6=CC(=O)OC6)O)O)C)C)O)OC)O[C@H]7[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O7)CO)O)O)O", ["Digitalin is a cardenolide glycoside. It is functionally related to a gitoxigenin.", "Digitalin is a natural product found in Digitalis parviflora, Digitalis viridiflora, and Cryptostegia grandiflora with data available.", "Digitalin is a glycoside compound, extracted from the leaves and seeds of the common foxglove, with anti-arrhythmic property. Digitalin inhibits the enzymatic activity of the sodium-potassium ATPase pump in cardiac tissue, thereby increasing intracellular sodium and calcium levels and providing a positive inotropic effect. This results in increased force of myocardial muscle contraction. This agent also has a vagal effect on the parasympathetic nervous system, and as such slows the ventricular heart rate as well as helps eliminate fluid from body tissues."]], ["Protodioscin", "C[C@H]1[C@H]2[C@H](C[C@@H]3[C@@]2(CC[C@H]4[C@H]3CC=C5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O[C@H]7[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O7)C)O)O)O)O)O[C@H]8[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O8)C)O)O)O)C)C)O[C@@]1(CC[C@@H](C)CO[C@H]9[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O9)CO)O)O)O)O", ["Protodioscin is a spirostanyl glycoside that consists of the trisaccharide alpha-L-Rha-(1->4)-[alpha-L-Rha-(1->2)]-beta-D-Glc attached to position 3 of 26-(beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-3beta,22-dihydroxyfurost-5-ene via a glycosidic linkage. Found in several plant species including yams, asparagus and funugreek. It has a role as a metabolite. It is a steroid saponin, a trisaccharide derivative, a beta-D-glucoside, a pentacyclic triterpenoid and a cyclic hemiketal. It is functionally related to a diosgenin. It derives from a hydride of a spirostan.", "Protodioscin is a natural product found in Dracaena draco, Borassus flabellifer, and other organisms with data available."]], ["Carnosol", "CC(C)C1=C(C(=C2C(=C1)[C@@H]3C[C@@H]4[C@@]2(CCCC4(C)C)C(=O)O3)O)O", ["Carnosol is a diterpenoid.", "Carnosol is a natural product found in Podocarpus rumphii, Lepechinia salviae, and other organisms with data available."]], ["Lysergamide", "CN1C[C@@H](C=C2[C@H]1CC3=CNC4=CC=CC2=C34)C(=O)N", ["Lysergamide is an ergoline alkaloid comprising ergoline lacking hydrogens at positions 9 and 10 and also having a methyl group attached to the piperidine nitrogen. It derives from a hydride of an ergoline.", "Lysergamide is a natural product found in Acremonium, Ipomoea acanthocarpa, and other organisms with data available.", "Ergine is an alkaloid of the ergoline family. Like other ergoline alkaloids, it occurs in various species of vines of the Convolvulaceae (morning glory) family and in some species of lower fungi. As the dominant alkaloid in the hallucinogenic seeds of Rivea corymbosa, Argyreia nervosa (Hawaiian baby woodrose) and Ipomoea tricolor (morning glory), it is often stated that ergine and/or isoergine (its epimer) is responsible for the psychedelic activity, though this has not been proven. Long term exposure to some ergoline alkaloids can cause ergotism, a disease causing convulsive and gangrenous symptoms. (L1918, L1919)"]], ["Stevioside", "C[C@@]12CCC[C@@]([C@H]1CC[C@]34[C@H]2CC[C@](C3)(C(=C)C4)O[C@H]5[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O5)CO)O)O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O)(C)C(=O)O[C@H]7[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O7)CO)O)O)O", ["Stevioside is a diterpene glycoside that is rubusoside in which the hydroxy group at position 2 of the allylic beta-D-glucoside has been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucoside. It is a natural herbal sweetener that is 250-300 times sweeter than sucrose (though with a bitter aftertaste), extracted from the Stevia rebaudiana plant native to South America. It has a role as a sweetening agent, an antioxidant, an antineoplastic agent, a hypoglycemic agent, an anti-inflammatory agent and a plant metabolite. It is a diterpene glycoside, an ent-kaurane diterpenoid, a beta-D-glucoside, a tetracyclic diterpenoid and a bridged compound. It is functionally related to a steviol and a rubusoside.", "Stevioside is a natural product found in Asteraceae, Stevia rebaudiana, and Bos taurus with data available."]], ["Leurosidine", "CC[C@]1(C[C@@H]2C[C@@](C3=C(CCN(C2)C1)C4=CC=CC=C4N3)(C5=C(C=C6C(=C5)[C@]78CCN9[C@H]7[C@@](C=CC9)([C@H]([C@@]([C@@H]8N6C)(C(=O)OC)O)OC(=O)C)CC)OC)C(=O)OC)O", ["Leurosidine is a vinca alkaloid."]], ["Vinleurosine", "CC[C@]12CN3CCC4=C([C@](C[C@H](C3)[C@H]1O2)(C5=C(C=C6C(=C5)[C@]78CCN9[C@H]7[C@@](C=CC9)([C@H]([C@@]([C@@H]8N6C)(C(=O)OC)O)OC(=O)C)CC)OC)C(=O)OC)NC1=CC=CC=C41", ["Leurosine is a vinca alkaloid.", "Vinleurosine is a natural product found in Catharanthus lanceus and Catharanthus roseus with data available."]], ["Absinthin", "C[C@H]1[C@@H]2CC[C@]([C@@H]3[C@H]4[C@H]5C=C([C@@]6([C@H]4C(=C3[C@H]2OC1=O)C)[C@@H]5[C@@](CC[C@@H]7[C@@H]6OC(=O)[C@H]7C)(C)O)C)(C)O", ["Absinthin is a dimeric sesquiterpene lactone that is produced by the plant Artemisia absinthium (Wormwood). The bitter tasting constituent of Absinthe. It has a role as a plant metabolite and an anti-inflammatory agent. It is a sesquiterpene lactone, a triterpenoid and an organic heteroheptacyclic compound.", "Absinthin is a natural product found in Artemisia genipi, Artemisia annua, and other organisms with data available."]], ["12,13-Epoxytrichothec-9-en-4-ol acetate", "CC1=C[C@@H]2[C@](CC1)([C@]3([C@@H](C[C@H]([C@]34CO4)O2)OC(=O)C)C)C", ["Trichodermin is a tetracyclic spiroepoxide which acts as an antifungal and protein synthesis inhibitor. It has a role as an antifungal agent, a protein synthesis inhibitor and an antineoplastic agent. It is an epoxide and an organic heterotetracyclic compound.", "Trichodermin is a natural product found in Trichoderma brevicompactum, Trypanosoma brucei, and other organisms with data available.", "Antifungal metabolite from several fungi, mainly Trichoderma viride; inhibits protein synthesis by binding to ribosomes; proposed as antifungal and antineoplastic; used as tool in cellular biochemistry."]], ["Naringin", "C[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O1)O[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O[C@H]2OC3=CC(=C4C(=O)C[C@H](OC4=C3)C5=CC=C(C=C5)O)O)CO)O)O)O)O)O", ["Naringin is a disaccharide derivative that is (S)-naringenin substituted by a 2-O-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. It has a role as a metabolite, an antineoplastic agent and an anti-inflammatory agent. It is a disaccharide derivative, a dihydroxyflavanone, a member of 4'-hydroxyflavanones, a (2S)-flavan-4-one and a neohesperidoside. It is functionally related to a (S)-naringenin.", "Naringin is a natural product found in Podocarpus fasciculus, Citrus latipes, and other organisms with data available.", "See also: Naringenin (related)."]], ["Hematoxylin", "C1C2=CC(=C(C=C2[C@H]3[C@@]1(COC4=C3C=CC(=C4O)O)O)O)O", ["Hematoxylin appears as white to yellowish crystals that redden on exposure to light. (NTP, 1992)", "(+)-haematoxylin is a haematoxylin. It is an enantiomer of a (-)-haematoxylin.", "Hematoxylin is a natural product found in Haematoxylum brasiletto and Haematoxylum campechianum with data available.", "A dye obtained from the heartwood of logwood (Haematoxylon campechianum Linn., Leguminosae) used as a stain in microscopy and in the manufacture of ink."]], ["(1S,5S)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydro-8H-1,5-methanopyrido[1,2-a][1,5]diazocin-8-one", "C1[C@H]2CNC[C@H]1C3=CC=CC(=O)N3C2", ["(1S,5S)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydro-8H-1,5-methanopyrido[1,2-a][1,5]diazocin-8-one is a natural product found in Thermopsis chinensis, Thermopsis lanceolata, and other organisms with data available."]], ["CID 442984", "C[C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]([C@H]3[C@@H](N2C1)C[C@@H]4[C@@]3(CC[C@H]5[C@H]4CC=C6[C@@]5(CC[C@@H](C6)O[C@H]7[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@H](O7)CO)O)O[C@H]8[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O8)CO)O)O)O)O[C@H]9[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O9)C)O)O)O)C)C)C", ["A mixture of alpha-chaconine and alpha-solanine, found in SOLANACEAE plants."]], ["Ecgonine", "CN1C2CCC1[C@H]([C@H](C2)O)C(=O)O", ["(2R,3S)-3-Hydroxy-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylic acid is a tropane alkaloid."]], ["Lignans", "COC1=CC(=CC(=C1OC)OC)[C@H]2[C@H]3C(COC3=O)[C@H](C4=CC5=C(C=C24)OCO5)O", ["A class of dibenzylbutane derivatives which occurs in higher plants and in fluids (bile, serum, urine, etc.) in man and other animals. These compounds, which have a potential anti-cancer role, can be synthesized in vitro by human fecal flora. (From Singleton and Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)"]], ["Flumiclorac-pentyl", "CCCCCOC(=O)COC1=C(C=C(C(=C1)N2C(=O)C3=C(C2=O)CCCC3)F)Cl", ["Flumiclorac pentyl is a pyrroline.", "Flumiclorac-pentyl is a post-emergence herbicide used against broad-leaved weeds in soybeans and maize"]], ["Mersalyl acid", "COC(CNC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1OCC(=O)O)C[Hg].O", ["Mersalyl acid is a monocarboxylic acid.", "Mersalyl is the sodium salt form of mersalyl acid, a mercurial diuretic. It is an outdated drug, and its approval has been discontinued by the FDA. Mersalyl acid is currently replaced by less toxic non-mercury containing diuretics. The sodium salt of a mercury-containing derivative of salicylamide, was formerly used (often in combination with theophylline) to treat edema, due to its powerful diuretic properties.  Interestingly, it has been found to have antiviral properties in mice.", "Mersalyl Acid is a mercurial diuretic. Mersalyl acid has been replaced by less toxic non-mercury containing diuretics.", "Mersalyl is the sodium salt form of mersalyl acid, a mercurial diuretic. Mersalyl acid has been replaced by less toxic non-mercury containing diuretics.", "A toxic thiol mercury salt formerly used as a diuretic. It inhibits various biochemical functions, especially in mitochondria, and is used to study those functions."]], ["Anhydrovinblastine", "CCC1=C[C@@H]2C[C@@](C3=C(CCN(C2)C1)C4=CC=CC=C4N3)(C5=C(C=C6C(=C5)[C@]78CCN9[C@H]7[C@@](C=CC9)([C@H]([C@@]([C@@H]8N6C)(C(=O)OC)O)OC(=O)C)CC)OC)C(=O)OC", ["3',4'-Anhydrovinblastine is a vinca alkaloid and a methyl ester.", "Anhydrovinblastine is a semisynthetic derivative of the vinca alkaloid vinblastine, with potential antineoplastic activity. Like vinblastine, anhydrovinblastine targets and binds to tubulin and inhibits microtubule formation, resulting in disruption of mitotic spindle assembly and causing tumor cell cycle arrest in the M phase."]], ["(11S,13S)-3-Amino-5,12,13,14-tetrahydroxy-14-(hydroxymethyl)-8,10-dioxa-2-aza-4-azoniatetracyclo[7.3.1.17,11.01,6]tetradec-3-en-9-olate", "C(C1([C@@H]2C(C34[C@@H](C(O2)(OC1C3C([NH+]=C(N4)N)O)[O-])O)O)O)O", ["(11S,13S)-3-Amino-5,12,13,14-tetrahydroxy-14-(hydroxymethyl)-8,10-dioxa-2-aza-4-azoniatetracyclo[7.3.1.17,11.01,6]tetradec-3-en-9-olate is a quinazoline alkaloid. It is functionally related to a tetrodotoxin.", "An aminoperhydroquinazoline poison found mainly in the liver and ovaries of fishes in the order tetraodontiformes, which are eaten. Tetrodotoxin is a potent neurotoxin that is produced by bacteria (genus Pseudoalteromonas, Pseudomonas, Vibrio) and found in certain species of Tetraodontiformes (puffer fish, porcupine fish, ocean sunfish, triggerfish), from which its name is derived. It acts on the voltage-gated sodium channels of nerve cells. (L1060) The toxin causes paresthesia and paralysis through interference with neuromuscular conduction. Tetrodotoxin is being investigated by Wex Pharmaceuticals for the treatment of chronic and breakthrough pain in advanced cancer patients as well as for the treatment of opioid dependence.\n"]], ["CID 443369", "C(C1(C2C3C(N=C(NC34[C@@H](C(O2)(OC1C4O)O)O)N)O)O)O", ["Tetrodotoxin is a neurotoxin with potential analgesic activity. Tetrodotoxin binds to the pores of fast voltage-gated fast sodium channels in nerve cell membranes, inhibiting nerve action potentials and blocking nerve transmission. Although found in various species of fish (such as the pufferfish), newts, frogs, flatworms, and crabs, tetrodotoxin, for which there is no known antidote, is actually produced by bacteria such as Vibrio alginolyticus, Pseudoalteromonas tetraodonis, and other vibrio and pseudomonas bacterial species.", "An aminoperhydroquinazoline poison found mainly in the liver and ovaries of fishes in the order TETRAODONTIFORMES, which are eaten. The toxin causes paresthesia and paralysis through interference with neuromuscular conduction."]], ["Chloramphenicol palmitate", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H]([C@@H](C1=CC=C(C=C1)[N+](=O)[O-])O)NC(=O)C(Cl)Cl", ["Chloramphenicol palmitate is a hexadecanoate ester. It is functionally related to a chloramphenicol."]], ["Dichloroisoproterenol, (R)-", "CC(C)NC[C@@H](C1=CC(=C(C=C1)Cl)Cl)O", ["DCI is a dichlorobenzene."]], ["(-)-Metazocine", "C[C@H]1[C@H]2CC3=C([C@@]1(CCN2C)C)C=C(C=C3)O", ["Metazocine is a benzazocine."]], ["CID 443407", "CCC[C@@](C)([C@H]1C[C@@]23C=C[C@@]1([C@H]4[C@@]25CCN([C@@H]3CC6=C5C(=C(C=C6)O)O4)C)OC)O", ["A narcotic analgesic morphinan used as a sedative in veterinary practice."]], ["CID 443605", "C[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@](C[C@H]([C@]2([C@H]3[C@@]1(CCC2C)CCC3=O)C)OC(=O)CSC(C)(C)CNC(=O)C(C(C)C)N)(C)C=C)O", ["Valnemulin is a carbotricyclic compound, a carboxylic ester and a cyclic ketone."]], ["Calcium Pantothenate", "CC(C)(CO)[C@H](C(=O)NCCC(=O)[O-])O.CC(C)(CO)[C@H](C(=O)NCCC(=O)[O-])O.[Ca+2]", ["Calcium pantothenate is a polymer.", "Calcium Pantothenate is the calcium salt of the water-soluble vitamin B5, ubiquitously found in plants and animal tissues with antioxidant property. Pentothenate is a component of coenzyme A (CoA) and a part of the vitamin B2 complex. Vitamin B5 is a growth factor and is essential for various metabolic functions, including the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fatty acids. This vitamin is also involved in the synthesis of cholesterol, lipids, neurotransmitters, steroid hormones, and hemoglobin.", "A butyryl-beta-alanine that can also be viewed as pantoic acid complexed with BETA ALANINE. It is incorporated into COENZYME A and protects cells against peroxidative damage by increasing the level of GLUTATHIONE."]], ["8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylic acid, 3-hydroxy-8-methyl-, methyl ester, (1R,2R,3S,5S)-", "CN1C2CCC1[C@H]([C@H](C2)O)C(=O)OC", ["8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylic acid, 3-hydroxy-8-methyl-, methyl ester, (1R,2R,3S,5S)- is a natural product found in Annona squamosa with data available."]], ["Barnidipine", "CC1=C([C@@H](C(=C(N1)C)C(=O)O[C@H]2CCN(C2)CC3=CC=CC=C3)C4=CC(=CC=C4)[N+](=O)[O-])C(=O)OC", ["Barnidipine is a dihydropyridine.", "Barnidipine is a long-acting novel calcium antagonist that belongs to the dihydropyridine (DHP) group of calcium channel blockers. Used in the treatment of hypertension, barnidipine displays high affinity for the calcium channels of the smooth muscle cells in the vascular wall and selectivity against cardiovascular L-type calcium channels. Barnidipine contains two chiral centres thus can have four possible enantiomers. The active component is composed of a single optical isomer (*3'S, 4S* configuration), which is the most potent and longest-acting of the four enantiomers. Compared to several other calcium antagonists which are racemates, the barnidipine compound consisting of a single enantiomer may offer a high degree of pharmacological selectivity.  According to a dose-ranging, multicentre, placebo-controlled, double-blind study in patients with mild to moderate hypertension, the antihypertensive response from barnidipine treatment was maintained after a 1-year and 2-year follow-up period in 91% of the patients who had an initial response to the drug. In two European multicentre randomized, double-blind trials, barnidipine was shown to possess equivalent antihypertensive efficacy to amlodipine and nitrendipine, but produced fewer class-specific side-effects. It also demonstrated clinical efficacy which is similar to that of atenolol, enalapril and hydrochlorothiazide.   It is available in modified-release oral tablets under the brand name Vasexten to be taken once daily in the morning. Barnidipine has a gradual onset of action and is shown to be well tolerated in patients. It does not produce reflex tachycardia."]], ["Temocapril", "CCOC(=O)[C@H](CCC1=CC=CC=C1)N[C@H]2CS[C@@H](CN(C2=O)CC(=O)O)C3=CC=CS3", ["Temocapril is a dipeptide.", "Temocapril is a prodrug-type angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor not approved for use in the United States, but is approved in Japan and South Korea. Temocapril can also be used in hemodialysis patients without risk of serious accumulation."]], ["Tolvaptan, (R)-", "CC1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)NC2=CC(=C(C=C2)C(=O)N3CCC[C@H](C4=C3C=CC(=C4)Cl)O)C", ["Tolvaptan is used to treat low blood sodium levels (hyponatremia) associated with various conditions like congestive heart failure, cirrhosis, and syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormones (SIADH). FDA approved on May 19, 2009."]], ["1-Azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl (1S)-1-phenyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-isoquinoline-2-carboxylate;butanedioic acid", "C1CN2CCC1C(C2)OC(=O)N3CCC4=CC=CC=C4[C@@H]3C5=CC=CC=C5.C(CC(=O)O)C(=O)O", ["A quinuclidine and tetrahydroisoquinoline derivative and selective M3 MUSCARINIC ANTAGONIST. It is used as a UROLOGIC AGENT in the treatment of URINARY INCONTINENCE."]], ["Halcinonide", "C[C@]12CCC(=O)C=C1CC[C@@H]3[C@@]2([C@H](C[C@]4([C@H]3C[C@@H]5[C@]4(OC(O5)(C)C)C(=O)CCl)C)O)F", ["Halcinonide is an organic molecular entity. It has a role as a SMO receptor agonist.", "Halcinonide is a corticosteroid indicated for the relief of the inflammatory and pruritic manifestations of corticosteroid-responsive dermatoses, and is distributed as a cream and ointment. Halcinonide is marketed under the brand name Halog\u00ae by Ranbaxy Laboratories Inc. Research suggests that clobetasol propionate demonstrates superior pharmacologic efficacy in the treatment of psoriasis when compared to halcinonide.", "Halcinonide is a Corticosteroid. The mechanism of action of halcinonide is as a Corticosteroid Hormone Receptor Agonist.", "Halcinonide is a topical, synthetic glucocorticoid with anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic properties. Halcinonide exerts its effect by interacting with specific intracellular receptors, and the ligand-receptor complex subsequently modulates gene expressions via the typical glucocorticoid signalling pathway. This results in the synthesis of certain anti-inflammatory proteins as well as in synthesis inhibition of certain inflammatory mediators. Consequently, an overall reduction in chronic inflammation and autoimmune reactions are accomplished. (NCI05)", "A glucocorticoid used topically in the treatment of DERMATITIS; ECZEMA; or PSORIASIS. It may cause skin irritation."]], ["Metrizamide", "CC(=O)NC1=C(C(=C(C(=C1I)C(=O)N[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](OC2O)CO)O)O)I)N(C)C(=O)C)I", ["Metrizamide is an amino sugar.", "A solute for density gradient centrifugation offering higher maximum solution density without the problems of increased viscosity. It is also used as a resorbable, non-ionic contrast medium."]], ["Terguride", "CCN(CC)C(=O)N[C@H]1C[C@H]2[C@@H](CC3=CNC4=CC=CC2=C34)N(C1)C", ["Terguride is an organic molecular entity."]], ["Vinpocetine", "CC[C@@]12CCCN3[C@@H]1C4=C(CC3)C5=CC=CC=C5N4C(=C2)C(=O)OCC", ["Vinpocetine is an alkaloid. It has a role as a geroprotector.", "Vinpocetine has been investigated for the treatment of Epilepsy."]], ["Formoterol hemifumarate", "CC(CC1=CC=C(C=C1)OC)NCC(C2=CC(=C(C=C2)O)NC=O)O.CC(CC1=CC=C(C=C1)OC)NCC(C2=CC(=C(C=C2)O)NC=O)O.C(=CC(=O)O)C(=O)O", ["Formoterol Fumarate is the fumarate salt form of formoterol, a long-acting and selective sympathomimetic beta-receptor agonist with bronchodilator activity. Formoterol fumarate binds beta 2 adrenergic receptors in bronchial smooth muscle and stimulates intracellular adenyl cyclase, thereby increasing the production of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). Increased cAMP levels cause relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle, improve mucociliary clearance and reduce mediator substance release in inflammatory cells, especially from mast cells. (NCI05)", "An ADRENERGIC BETA-2 RECEPTOR AGONIST with a prolonged duration of action. It is used to manage ASTHMA and in the treatment of CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE."]], ["Flumethasone pivalate", "C[C@@H]1C[C@H]2[C@@H]3C[C@@H](C4=CC(=O)C=C[C@@]4([C@]3([C@H](C[C@@]2([C@]1(C(=O)COC(=O)C(C)(C)C)O)C)O)F)C)F", ["Flumethasone pivalate is a pivalate ester, a glucocorticoid, an 11beta-hydroxy steroid, a 17alpha-hydroxy steroid, a 20-oxo steroid, a fluorinated steroid, a 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid and a tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone. It has a role as an anti-inflammatory drug and an antipruritic drug. It is functionally related to a flumethasone."]], ["Iofetamine hydrochloride I 123", "CC(C)NC(C)CC1=CC=C(C=C1)[123I].Cl", ["An amphetamine analog that is rapidly taken up by the lungs and from there redistributed primarily to the brain and liver. It is used in brain radionuclide scanning with I-123."]], ["Gadoversetamide", "COCCNC(=O)CN(CCN(CCN(CC(=O)NCCOC)CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-].[Gd+3]", ["Gadoversetamide is a gadolinium coordination entity that consists of Gd(3+) coordinated to 3,6,9-triazaundecadiamide in which each of the amide nitrogens is substituted by a 2-methoxyethyl group and in which the nitrogens at positions 3, 6, and 9 are each substituted by carboxylatomethyl group. The gadolinium is coordinated to the three tertiary amino groups as well as to the carboxylate groups. A white odourless powder that is freely soluble in water, gadoversetamide has paramagnetic properties and is used as a contrast agent in magnetic resonance imaging. It distributes mainly in extracellular fluid, but does not cross the blood-brain barrier. It is used particularly in imaging the brain, spine and liver. It has a role as a MRI contrast agent.", "Gadoversetamide, marketed under the trade name OptiMARK, is a gadolinium compound used as a contrast agent in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), particularly imaging of the brain, spine and liver.", "Gadoversetamide is a Paramagnetic Contrast Agent. The mechanism of action of gadoversetamide is as a Magnetic Resonance Contrast Activity.", "Gadoversetamide is a paramagnetic extracellular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent that facilitates visualization of abnormal vascularity. When placed in a magnetic field, gadoversetamide decreases T1 (spin-lattice or longitudinal relaxation time) and T2 (spin-spin or transverse relaxation time) values in tissues where it accumulates. At the recommended dose, the effect is primarily on T1 relaxation time, and produces an increase in signal intensity. Gadoversetamide does not cross the intact blood-brain barrier. However, abnormal vascularity or disruption of the blood-brain barrier allows accumulation of gadoversetamide. (NCI05)"]], ["Voglibose", "C1[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@]1(CO)O)O)O)O)NC(CO)CO", ["Voglibose is an organic molecular entity.", "Voglibose is an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor used for lowering post-prandial blood glucose levels in people with diabetes mellitus. It is made in India by Ranbaxy Labs and sold under the trade name Volix.", "Voglibose is a valiolamine derivative and inhibitor of alpha-glucosidase with antihyperglycemic activity. Voglibose binds to and inhibits alpha-glucosidase, an enteric enzyme found in the brush border of the small intestines that hydrolyzes oligosaccharides and disaccharides into glucose and other monosaccharides. This prevents the breakdown of larger carbohydrates into glucose and decreases the rise in postprandial blood glucose levels."]], ["Sultamicillin", "CC1([C@@H](N2[C@H](S1)[C@@H](C2=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](C3=CC=CC=C3)N)C(=O)OCOC(=O)[C@H]4C(S(=O)(=O)[C@H]5N4C(=O)C5)(C)C)C", ["Sultamicillin is a penicillanic acid ester. It is functionally related to an ampicillin and a sulbactam.", "Sultamicillin has been used in trials studying the prevention and treatment of Ventilator Associated Pneumonia and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD).", "Sultamicillin is a combination formulation of the sodium salts of the antibiotic ampicillin and the beta-lactamase inhibitor sulbactam with antibacterial activity. Ampicillin, a broad-spectrum, semisynthetic penicillin, binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBP) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall, thereby interfering with the cross-linking of peptidoglycan chains necessary for bacterial cell wall strength and rigidity. As a result, the cell wall is weakened and the cell lyses. The sulbactam component irreversibly binds to bacterial beta-lactamase at or near its active site, thereby interfering with substrate binding and inhibiting bacterial metabolism of penicillin and cephalosporin beta-lactam antibiotics, effectively extending their antibiotic spectrum to include many beta-lactam-resistant bacteria."]], ["Darifenacin", "C1CN(C[C@@H]1C(C2=CC=CC=C2)(C3=CC=CC=C3)C(=O)N)CCC4=CC5=C(C=C4)OCC5", ["Darifenacin is 2-[(3S)-1-Ethylpyrrolidin-3-yl]-2,2-diphenylacetamide in which one of the hydrogens at the 2-position of the ethyl group is substituted by a 2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl group. It is a selective antagonist for the M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor, which is primarily responsible for bladder muscle contractions, and is used as the hydrobromide salt in the management of urinary incontinence. It has a role as a muscarinic antagonist and an antispasmodic drug. It is a member of 1-benzofurans, a member of pyrrolidines and a monocarboxylic acid amide.", "Darifenacin (Enablex\u00ae, Novartis) is a medication used to treat urinary incontinence.  Darifenacin blocks M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, which mediate bladder muscle contractions. This block reduces the urgency to urinate and so it should not be used in people with urinary retention.  It is unknown if M3 receptor selectivity is clinically advantageous in overactive bladder syndrome treatments.", "Darifenacin is a Cholinergic Muscarinic Antagonist. The mechanism of action of darifenacin is as a Cholinergic Muscarinic Antagonist.", "Darifenacin is an anticholinergic and antispasmotic agent used to treat urinary incontinence and overactive bladder syndrome. Darifenacin has not been implicated in causing liver enzyme elevations or clinically apparent acute liver injury.", "Darifenacin (Enablex&#8482;, Novartis) is a medication used to treat urinary incontinence.\n\nDarifenacin works by blocking the M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor, which is primarily responsible for bladder muscle contractions. It thereby decreases the urgency to urinate. It should not be used in people with urinary retention.\n\nIt is not known whether this selectivity for the M3 receptor translates into any clinical advantage when treating symptoms of overactive bladder syndrome."]], ["Fluticasone Propionate", "CCC(=O)O[C@@]1([C@@H](C[C@@H]2[C@@]1(C[C@@H]([C@]3([C@H]2C[C@@H](C4=CC(=O)C=C[C@@]43C)F)F)O)C)C)C(=O)SCF", ["Fluticasone propionate is a trifluorinated corticosteroid that consists of 6alpha,9-difluoro-11beta,17alpha-dihydroxy-17beta-{[(fluoromethyl)sulfanyl]carbonyl}-16-methyl-3-oxoandrosta-1,4-diene bearing a propionyl substituent at position 17; has anti-inflammatory, anti-asthmatic and anti-allergic activity. It has a role as an anti-allergic agent, an anti-asthmatic drug, an anti-inflammatory drug, a dermatologic drug, a bronchodilator agent and an adrenergic agent. It is a corticosteroid, a steroid ester, an 11beta-hydroxy steroid, a propanoate ester, a fluorinated steroid, a thioester and a 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid. It is functionally related to a fluticasone. It derives from a hydride of an androstane.", "Fluticasone propionate is a synthetic glucocorticoid. These drugs are available as inhalers, nasal, sprays, and topical treatments for various inflammatory indications. Fluticasone propionate was first approved in 1990.", "Fluticasone Propionate is the propionate salt form of fluticasone, a synthetic trifluorinated glucocorticoid receptor agonist with antiallergic, antiinflammatory and antipruritic effects. Binding and activation of the glucocorticoid receptor results in the activation of lipocortin that in turn inhibits cytosolic phospholipase A2, which triggers cascade of reactions involved in synthesis of inflammatory mediators, such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes. Secondly, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphatase 1 is induced, thereby leads to dephosphorylation and inactivation of Jun N-terminal kinase directly inhibiting c-Jun mediated transcription. Finally, transcriptional activity of nuclear factor (NF)-kappa-B is blocked, thereby inhibits the transcription of cyclooxygenase 2, which is essential for prostaglandin production.", "A STEROID with GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTOR activity that is used to manage the symptoms of ASTHMA; ALLERGIC RHINITIS, and ATOPIC DERMATITIS."]], ["L-Tartaric acid", "[C@@H]([C@H](C(=O)O)O)(C(=O)O)O", ["L-tartaric acid is a tartaric acid. It is a conjugate acid of a L-tartrate(1-). It is an enantiomer of a D-tartaric acid.", "Tartaric acid is a white crystalline organic acid that occurs naturally in many plants, most notably in grapes.Tartaric is an alpha-hydroxy-carboxylic acid, is diprotic and aldaric in acid characteristics, and is a dihydroxyl derivative of succinic acid.", "Tartaric acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).", "Tartaric Acid is a white crystalline dicarboxylic acid found in many plants, particularly tamarinds and grapes. Tartaric acid is used to generate carbon dioxide through interaction with sodium bicarbonate following oral administration. Carbon dioxide extends the stomach and provides a negative contrast medium during double contrast radiography. In high doses, this agent acts as a muscle toxin by inhibiting the production of malic acid, which could cause paralysis and maybe death.", "Tartaric acid is a white crystalline organic acid. It occurs naturally in many plants, particularly grapes and tamarinds, and is one of the main acids found in wine. It is added to other foods to give a sour taste, and is used as an antioxidant. Salts of tartaric acid are known as tartrates. It is a dihydroxy derivative of dicarboxylic acid. Tartaric acid is a muscle toxin, which works by inhibiting the production of malic acid, and in high doses causes paralysis and death. The minimum recorded fatal dose for a human is about 12 grams. In spite of that, it is included in many foods, especially sour-tasting sweets. As a food additive, tartaric acid is used as an antioxidant with E number E334, tartrates are other additives serving as antioxidants or emulsifiers. Naturally-occurring tartaric acid is chiral, meaning that it has molecules that are non-superimposable on their mirror-images. It is a useful raw material in organic chemistry for the synthesis of other chiral molecules. The naturally occurring form of the acid is L-(+)-tartaric acid or dextrotartaric acid. The mirror-image (enantiomeric) form, levotartaric acid or D-(-)-tartaric acid, and the achiral form, mesotartaric acid, can be made artificially. Tartarate is believed to play a role in inhibiting kidney stone formation. Most tartarate that is consumed by humans is metabolized by bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract -- primarily in the large instestine. Only about 15-20% of consumed tartaric acid is secreted in the urine unchanged."]], ["Acetyl coenzyme A", "CC(=O)SCCNC(=O)CCNC(=O)[C@@H](C(C)(C)COP(=O)(O)OP(=O)(O)OC[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O1)N2C=NC3=C(N=CN=C32)N)O)OP(=O)(O)O)O", ["Acetyl-CoA is an acyl-CoA having acetyl as its S-acetyl component. It has a role as an effector, a coenzyme, an acyl donor and a fundamental metabolite. It is functionally related to an acetic acid and a coenzyme A. It is a conjugate acid of an acetyl-CoA(4-).", "Acetyl-CoA is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).", "Acetyl coenzyme A is a natural product found in Streptomyces clavuligerus, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, and other organisms with data available.", "Acetyl Coenzyme A is the condensation product of coenzyme A and acetic acid which participates in the biosynthesis of fatty acids and sterols, in the oxidation of fatty acids and in the metabolism of many amino acids.  In addition, Acetyl Coenzyme A acts as a biological acetylating agent.", "Acetyl-CoA is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.", "Acetyl CoA participates in the biosynthesis of fatty acids and sterols, in the oxidation of fatty acids and in the metabolism of many amino acids. It also acts as a biological acetylating agent."]], ["Ergosterol", "C[C@H](/C=C/[C@H](C)C(C)C)[C@H]1CC[C@@H]2[C@@]1(CC[C@H]3C2=CC=C4[C@@]3(CC[C@@H](C4)O)C)C", ["Ergosterol is a phytosterol consisting of ergostane having double bonds at the 5,6-, 7,8- and 22,23-positions as well as a 3beta-hydroxy group. It has a role as a fungal metabolite and a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite. It is a 3beta-sterol, an ergostanoid, a 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid and a member of phytosterols.", "A steroid of interest both because its biosynthesis in FUNGI is a target of ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS, notably AZOLES, and because when it is present in SKIN of animals, ULTRAVIOLET RAYS break a bond to result in ERGOCALCIFEROL.", "Ergosterol is a natural product found in Gladiolus italicus, Ramaria formosa, and other organisms with data available.", "ergosterol is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.", "A steroid occurring in FUNGI. Irradiation with ULTRAVIOLET RAYS results in formation of ERGOCALCIFEROL (vitamin D2)."]], ["2-(Oxalyl-amino)-benzoic acid", "C1=CC=C(C(=C1)C(=O)O)NC(=O)C(=O)O", ["2-(oxaloamino)benzoic acid is an (oxaloamino)benzoic acid. It is functionally related to an anthranilic acid."]], ["Arachidonic Acid", "CCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCC(=O)O", ["Arachidonic acid is a long-chain fatty acid that is a C20, polyunsaturated fatty acid having four (Z)-double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11 and 14. It has a role as a human metabolite, an EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor, a Daphnia galeata metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is an icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid, an omega-6 fatty acid and a long-chain fatty acid. It is a conjugate acid of an arachidonate. It derives from a hydride of a (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraene.", "Arachidonic acid is a natural product found in Leptomitus lacteus, Staphisagria macrosperma, and other organisms with data available.", "Arachidonic Acid is an unsaturated, essential fatty acid. It is found in animal and human fat as well as in the liver, brain, and glandular organs, and is a constituent of animal phosphatides. It is formed by the synthesis from dietary linoleic acid and is a precursor in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes.(ChemID Plus)", "An unsaturated, essential fatty acid. It is found in animal and human fat as well as in the liver, brain, and glandular organs, and is a constituent of animal phosphatides. It is formed by the synthesis from dietary linoleic acid and is a precursor in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes."]], ["(7R,8S)-7,8-diaminononanoic acid", "C[C@@H]([C@@H](CCCCCC(=O)O)N)N", ["(7R,8S)-7,8-diaminononanoic acid is the isomer of 7,8-diaminononanoic acid having (R)- and (S)- configurations at C-7 and C-8, respectively; an intermediate in the biosynthetic pathway of biotin. As biotin is made exclusively in plants and microorganisms, both the chemical structure and biosynthetic enzymes of DAPA are targets for the development of herbicides and antimicrobial drugs. It is a conjugate acid of a (7R,8S)-7,8-diammoniononanoate."]], ["Resveratrol", "C1=CC(=CC=C1/C=C/C2=CC(=CC(=C2)O)O)O", ["Resveratrol is a stilbenol that is stilbene in which the phenyl groups are substituted at positions 3, 5, and 4' by hydroxy groups. It has a role as a phytoalexin, an antioxidant, a glioma-associated oncogene inhibitor and a geroprotector. It is a stilbenol, a polyphenol and a member of resorcinols.", "Resveratrol (3,5,4'-trihydroxystilbene) is a polyphenolic phytoalexin. It is a stilbenoid, a derivate of stilbene, and is produced in plants with the help of the enzyme stilbene synthase. It exists as cis-(Z) and trans-(E) isomers. The trans- form can undergo isomerisation to the cis- form when heated or exposed to ultraviolet irradiation. In a 2004 issue of Science, Dr. Sinclair of Harvard University said resveratrol is not an easy molecule to protect from oxidation. It has been claimed that it is readily degraded by exposure to light, heat, and oxygen. However, studies find that Trans-resveratrol undergoes negligible oxidation in normal atmosphere at room temperature.", "Resveratrol is a plant polyphenol found in high concentrations in red grapes that has been proposed as a treatment for hyperlipidemia and to prevent fatty liver, diabetes, atherosclerosis and aging. Resveratrol use has not been associated with serum enzyme elevations or with clinically apparent liver injury.", "Resveratrol is a natural product found in Vitis rotundifolia, Vitis amurensis, and other organisms with data available.", "Resveratrol is a phytoalexin derived from grapes and other food products with antioxidant and potential chemopreventive activities. Resveratrol induces phase II drug-metabolizing enzymes (anti-initiation activity); mediates anti-inflammatory effects and inhibits cyclooxygenase and hydroperoxidase functions (anti-promotion activity); and induces promyelocytic leukemia cell differentiation (anti-progression activity), thereby exhibiting activities in three major steps of carcinogenesis. This agent may inhibit TNF-induced activation of NF-kappaB in a dose- and time-dependent manner. (NCI05)", "Resveratrol is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.", "A stilbene and non-flavonoid polyphenol produced by various plants including grapes and blueberries. It has anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, anti-mutagenic, and anti-carcinogenic properties. It also inhibits platelet aggregation and the activity of several DNA HELICASES in vitro."]], ["North-methanocarbathymidine", "CC1=CN(C(=O)NC1=O)[C@H]2C[C@@H]([C@]3([C@@H]2C3)CO)O", ["1-[(1S,2S,4S,5R)-4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)bicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-yl]thymine is a carbobicyclic compound that is bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane which is substituted at the 2-pro-S, 4-pro-S and 5-pro-R positions by thymin-1-yl, hydroxy, and hydroxymethyl groups, respectively. It is a carbobicyclic compound, a primary alcohol, a secondary alcohol, a C-glycosyl pyrimidine and a pyrimidone. It is functionally related to a thymine."]], ["2,4-Dihydroxy-7-(methyloxy)-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one", "COC1=CC2=C(C=C1)N(C(=O)[C@@H](O2)O)O", ["2,4-Dihydroxy-7-(methyloxy)-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one is a natural product found in Aphelandra squarrosa and Triticum aestivum with data available."]], ["Retinol", "CC1=C(C(CCC1)(C)C)/C=C/C(=C/C=C/C(=C/CO)/C)/C", ["Vitamin a appears as yellow crystals or orange solid. Practically water insoluble. (NTP, 1992)", "All-trans-retinol is a retinol in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry. It has a role as a human metabolite, a mouse metabolite and a plant metabolite. It is a retinol and a vitamin A.", "Retinol and derivatives of retinol that play an essential role in metabolic functioning of the retina, the growth of and differentiation of epithelial tissue, the growth of bone, reproduction, and the immune response. Dietary vitamin A is derived from a variety of carotenoids found in plants. It is enriched in the liver, egg yolks, and the fat component of dairy products.", "Retinol is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).", "Vitamin A is a fat soluble vitamin necessary for health, deficiency of which can cause disorders of vision, skin, bone and immunity. The recommended daily allowance for vitamin A is 300 to 700 \u03bcg for children and approximately 700 to 900 \u03bcg for adults, amounts which can be provided by a normal diet. Higher doses of vitamin A can be toxic, leading to a constellation of signs and symptoms as well as liver injury, jaundice, enlargement of the liver and spleen, portal hypertension and cirrhosis.", "Retinol is a natural product found in Beta vulgaris, Angelica sinensis, and other organisms with data available.", "Retinol is the fat soluble vitamin retinol. Vitamin A binds to and activates retinoid receptors (RARs), thereby inducing cell differentiation and apoptosis of some cancer cell types and inhibiting carcinogenesis. Vitamin A plays an essential role in many physiologic processes, including proper functioning of the retina, growth and differentiation of target tissues, proper functioning of the reproductive organs, and modulation of immune function.", "Vitamin A (retinol) is a yellow fat-soluble, antioxidant vitamin important in vision and bone growth. It belongs to the family of chemical compounds known as retinoids. Retinol is ingested in a precursor form; animal sources (milk and eggs) contain retinyl esters, whereas plants (carrots, spinach) contain pro-vitamin A carotenoids. Hydrolysis of retinyl esters results in retinol while pro-vitamin A carotenoids can be cleaved to produce retinal. Retinal, also known as retinaldehyde, can be reversibly reduced to produce retinol or it can be irreversibly oxidized to produce retinoic acid. Retinol and derivatives of retinol that play an essential role in metabolic functioning of the retina, the growth of and differentiation of epithelial tissue, the growth of bone, reproduction, and the immune response. Dietary vitamin A is derived from a variety of carotenoids found in plants. It is enriched in the liver, egg yolks, and the fat component of dairy products.", "Retinol and derivatives of retinol that play an essential role in metabolic functioning of the retina, the growth of and differentiation of epithelial tissue, the growth of bone, reproduction, and the immune response. Dietary vitamin A is derived from a variety of CAROTENOIDS found in plants. It is enriched in the liver, egg yolks, and the fat component of dairy products."]], ["24-Nor-5beta-cholane-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-triol", "CC[C@@H](C)[C@H]1CC[C@@H]2[C@@]1([C@H](C[C@H]3[C@H]2[C@@H](C[C@H]4[C@@]3(CC[C@H](C4)O)C)O)O)C", ["24-Nor-5beta-cholane-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-triol is a corticosteroid hormone."]], ["Palmitoleic Acid", "CCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCC(=O)O", ["Palmitoleic acid is a hexadec-9-enoic acid in which the double bond at position C-9 has cis configuration. It has a role as an EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor, a Daphnia galeata metabolite, a human blood serum metabolite, an algal metabolite and an Escherichia coli metabolite. It is a conjugate acid of a palmitoleate.", "Palmitoleic acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).", "Palmitoleic acid is a natural product found in Pterodon emarginatus, Dryopteris assimilis, and other organisms with data available.", "palmitoleic acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["Oleic Acid", "CCCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCC(=O)O", ["Oleic acid is a colorless to pale yellow liquid with a mild odor. Floats on water. (USCG, 1999)", "Oleic acid is an octadec-9-enoic acid in which the double bond at C-9 has Z (cis) stereochemistry. It has a role as an EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor, an Escherichia coli metabolite, a plant metabolite, a Daphnia galeata metabolite, a solvent, an antioxidant and a mouse metabolite. It is a conjugate acid of an oleate. It derives from a hydride of a cis-octadec-9-ene.", "Oleic Acid is a natural product found in Gladiolus italicus, Prunus mume, and other organisms with data available.", "Oleic acid is an unsaturated fatty acid that occurs naturally in various animal and vegetable fats and oils. It is an odorless, colourless oil, although commercial samples may be yellowish. In chemical terms, oleic acid is classified as a monounsaturated omega-9 fatty acid. It has the formula CH3(CH2)7CH=CH(CH2)7COOH. The term \"oleic\" means related to, or derived from, oil or olive, the oil that is predominantly composed of oleic acid. Oleic acid is the most widely distributed and abundant fatty acid in nature. It is used commercially in the preparation of oleates and lotions, and as a pharmaceutical solvent.  Oleic acid is a major constituent of plant oils e.g. olive oil (about 80%), almond oil (about 80%) and many others, mainly as glyceride. It is also a constituent of tall oil and present in fruits. Oleic acid is a food additive and is used in manufacturing of surfactants, soaps, plasticizers. It is also an emulsifying agent in foods and pharmaceuticals. Oleic acid is a known skin penetrant and may also be used as an herbicide, insecticide, and fungicide.", "Oleic acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.", "An unsaturated fatty acid that is the most widely distributed and abundant fatty acid in nature. It is used commercially in the preparation of oleates and lotions, and as a pharmaceutical solvent. (Stedman, 26th ed)", "See also: Elaidic Acid (related)."]], ["Farnesyl diphosphate", "CC(=CCC/C(=C/CC/C(=C/COP(=O)(O)OP(=O)(O)O)/C)/C)C", ["2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate is the trans,trans-stereoisomer of farnesyl diphosphate. It has a role as an Escherichia coli metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a conjugate acid of a 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate(3-).", "Farnesyl pyrophosphate is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).", "Farnesyl diphosphate is a natural product found in Rhodobacter capsulatus, Streptomyces albidoflavus, and other organisms with data available.", "Farnesyl pyrophosphate is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.", "2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["Ferulic acid", "COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)/C=C/C(=O)O)O", ["Ferulic acid is a ferulic acid consisting of trans-cinnamic acid bearing methoxy and hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 4 respectively on the phenyl ring. It has a role as an antioxidant, a MALDI matrix material, a plant metabolite, an anti-inflammatory agent, an apoptosis inhibitor and a cardioprotective agent. It is a conjugate acid of a ferulate.", "Ferulic acid is a natural product found in Haplophyllum griffithianum, Visnea mocanera, and other organisms with data available.", "Ferulic acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["(R)-Praziquantel", "C1CCC(CC1)C(=O)N2C[C@H]3C4=CC=CC=C4CCN3C(=O)C2", ["(R)-Praziquantel is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02271984 (Relative Bioavailability Trial of L-Praziquantel in Healthy Volunteers)."]], ["2-(Hexadecanoyloxy)-1-[(phosphonooxy)methyl]ethyl hexadecanoate", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)(O)O)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC", ["1,2-dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate is a 1-acyl-2-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate in which the 1-acyl group is also hexadecanoyl. It is a conjugate acid of a 1,2-dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate(2-).", "PA(16:0/16:0) is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).", "2-(Hexadecanoyloxy)-1-[(phosphonooxy)methyl]ethyl hexadecanoate is a natural product found in Murraya koenigii, Pyracantha coccinea, and other organisms with data available.", "Phosphatidic Acid is a glycerol backbone covalently bound to a phosphate group in one position, and fatty acids in the 2nd and 3rd positions. Phosphatidic acids thus have a polar head and apolar tails, and occur in cell membranes throughout nature.", "PA(16:0/16:0) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["Cerivastatin", "CC(C)C1=C(C(=C(C(=N1)C(C)C)COC)C2=CC=C(C=C2)F)/C=C/[C@H](C[C@H](CC(=O)O)O)O", ["Cerivastatin is (3R,5S)-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid in which the (7E)-hydrogen is substituted by a 4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2,6-diisopropyl-5-(methoxymethyl)pyridin-3-yl group. Formerly used (as its sodium salt) to lower cholesterol and prevent cardiovascular disease, it was withdrawn from the market worldwide in 2001 following reports of a severe form of muscle toxicity. It is a member of pyridines, a dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid and a statin (synthetic). It is a conjugate acid of a cerivastatin(1-).", "On August 8, 2001 the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) announced that Bayer Pharmaceutical Division voluntarily withdrew Baycol from the U.S. market, due to reports of fatal rhabdomyolysis, a severe adverse reaction from this cholesterol-lowering (lipid-lowering) product. It has also been withdrawn from the Canadian market.", "Cerivastatin is a synthetic lipid-lowering agent. Cerivastatin competitively inhibits hepatic hydroxymethyl-glutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, the enzyme which catalyzes the conversion of HMG-CoA to mevalonate, a key step in cholesterol synthesis. This agent lowers plasma cholesterol and lipoprotein levels, and modulates immune responses by suppressing major histocompatibility complex II on interferon gamma-stimulated, antigen-presenting cells such as human vascular endothelial cells. Muscle toxicity (myopathy and rhabdomyolysis) precludes the clinical use of this agent."]], ["Brivudine", "C1[C@@H]([C@H](O[C@H]1N2C=C(C(=O)NC2=O)/C=C/Br)CO)O", ["Brivudine is used in the treatment of herpes zoster. Although not approved in the U.S. or Canada, it is approved in several European countries.", "Brivudine is a uridine derivative and nucleoside analog with pro-apoptotic and chemosensitizing properties. In vitro, bromovinyl-deoxyuridine (BVDU) has been shown to downregulate the multifunctional DNA repair enzyme APEX nuclease 1, resulting in the inhibition of DNA repair and the induction of apoptosis. In addition, this agent may inhibit the expression of STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3), which may result in the downregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). BVDU has also been found to inhibit the upregulation of chemoresistance genes (Mdr1 and DHFR) during chemotherapy. Overall, the gene expression changes associated with BVDU treatment result in the decrease or prevention of chemoresistance. In addition, this agent has been shown to enhance the cytolytic activity of NK-92 natural killer cells towards a pancreatic cancer cell line in vitro."]], ["Lycopene", "CC(=CCC/C(=C/C=C/C(=C/C=C/C(=C/C=C/C=C(/C=C/C=C(/C=C/C=C(/CCC=C(C)C)\\C)\\C)\\C)/C)/C)/C)C", ["Lycopene is an acyclic carotene commonly obtained from tomatoes and other red fruits. It has a role as an antioxidant and a plant metabolite. It contains a carotenoid psi-end derivative.", "Lycopene is a naturally occuring red carotenoid pigment that is responsible in red to pink colors seen in tomatoes, pink grapefruit, and other foods. Having a chemical formula of C40H56, lycopene is a tetraterpene assembled from eight isoprene units that are solely composed of carbon and hydrogen. Lycophene may undergo extensive isomerization that allows 1056 theoretical cis-trans configurations; however the all-trans configuration of lycopene is the most predominant isomer found in foods that gives the red hue. Lycopene is a non-essential human nutrient that is classified as a non-provitamin A carotenoid pigment since it lacks a terminal beta ionone ring and does not mediate vitamin A activity. However lycophene is a potent antioxidant molecule that scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS) singlet oxygen. Tomato lycopene extract is used as a color additive in food products.", "Lycopene is a natural product found in Rhodobacter capsulatus, Afifella marina, and other organisms with data available.", "Lycopene is a linear, unsaturated hydrocarbon carotenoid, the major red pigment in fruits such as tomatoes, pink grapefruit, apricots, red oranges, watermelon, rosehips, and guava.  As a class, carotenoids are pigment compounds found in photosynthetic organisms (plants, algae, and some types of fungus), and are chemically characterized by a large polyene chain containing 35-40 carbon atoms; some carotenoid polyene chains are terminated by two 6-carbon rings.  In animals, carotenoids such as lycopene may possess antioxidant properties which may retard aging and many degenerative diseases.  As an essential nutrient, lycopene is required in the animal diet. (NCI04)", "A carotenoid and red pigment produced by tomatoes, other red fruits and vegetables, and photosynthetic algae. It is a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of other carotenoids, and has antioxidant, anti-carcinogenic, radioprotective, and anti-inflammatory properties."]], ["2-[[(2R)-3-hexadecanoyloxy-2-[(9Z,12Z)-octadeca-9,12-dienoyl]oxypropoxy]-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxyethyl-trimethylazanium", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)(O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCC", ["A complex mixture of phospholipids, glycolipids, triglycerides, phosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylethanolamines, and phosphatidylinositols.", "Lecithin is a phospholipid with a polar choline found in phosphoester linkage to diacylglycerol.", "A complex mixture of PHOSPHOLIPIDS; GLYCOLIPIDS; and TRIGLYCERIDES; with substantial amounts of PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINES; PHOSPHATIDYLETHANOLAMINES; and PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOLS, which are sometimes loosely termed as 1,2-diacyl-3-phosphocholines. Lecithin is a component of the CELL MEMBRANE and commercially extracted from SOYBEANS and EGG YOLK. The emulsifying and surfactant properties are useful in FOOD ADDITIVES and for forming organogels (GELS)."]], ["Fosfomycin", "C[C@H]1[C@H](O1)P(=O)(O)O", ["Fosfomycin is a phosphonic acid having an (R,S)-1,2-epoxypropyl group attached to phosphorus. It has a role as an antimicrobial agent and an EC 2.5.1.7 (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase) inhibitor. It is an epoxide and a member of phosphonic acids. It is functionally related to a phosphonic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a (1R,2S)-epoxypropylphosphonate(1-).", "Fosfomycin was discovered in 1969 by scientists at the Spanish Penicillin and Antibiotics Company and is produced by Streptomyces fradiae. It may also be produced synthetically and is commercially available as the disodium salt for intravenous administration and as the calcium or trometamol salt for oral administration. In terms of chemical structure, fosfomycin is a phosphoenolpyruvate analog and contains a phosphonic group and an epoxide ring.  Due to its ease of administration as a single 3-gram oral dose and desirable safety profile, fosfomycin has largely become a first-line therapeutic option for the treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTIs) in females. Despite being FDA approved only for urinary tract infections, fosfomycin actually has a broad spectrum of activity and is active against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. As such there is great interest in exploring the usefulness of fosfomycin for indications beyond the treatment of UTIs.", "Fosfomycin is an orally available, broad spectrum antibiotic used largely for treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infections. Fosfomycin is associated with a low rate of transient serum enzyme during therapy and with rare cases of clinically apparent acute liver injury with jaundice.", "Fosfomycin is a natural product found in Streptomyces fradiae, Euglena gracilis, and other organisms with data available.", "Fosfomycin is a phosphoenolpyruvate analogue and a synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotic with antimicrobial and bactericidal properties. Fosfomycin binds to and inactivates the enzyme enolpyruvate transferase. This leads to an irreversible blockage of the condensation of uridine diphosphate-N-acetylglucosamine with p-enolpyruvate, which is one of the first steps of bacterial cell wall synthesis, thereby eventually causing cell lysis and bacterial cell death.", "An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces fradiae."]], ["Azithromycin", "CC[C@@H]1[C@@]([C@@H]([C@H](N(C[C@@H](C[C@@]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](C(=O)O1)C)O[C@H]2C[C@@]([C@H]([C@@H](O2)C)O)(C)OC)C)O[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@H](C[C@H](O3)C)N(C)C)O)(C)O)C)C)C)O)(C)O", ["Azithromycin is a macrolide antibiotic useful for the treatment of bacterial infections. It has a role as an antibacterial drug, an environmental contaminant and a xenobiotic.", "Azithromycin is an antibacterial prescription medicine approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of certain bacterial infections, such as:", "Azithromycin is a broad-spectrum macrolide antibiotic with a long half-life and a high degree of tissue penetration. It was initially approved by the FDA in 1991.  It is primarily used for the treatment of respiratory, enteric and genitourinary infections and may be used instead of other macrolides for some sexually transmitted and enteric infections. It is structurally related to erythromycin.  Azithromycin [9-deoxo-9a-aza-9a-methyl-9a-homoerythromycin] is a part of the azalide subclass of macrolides, and contains a 15-membered ring, with a methyl-substituted nitrogen instead of a carbonyl group at the 9a position on the aglycone ring, which allows for the prevention of its metabolism. This differentiates azithromycin from other types of macrolides.  In March 2020, a small study was funded by the French government to investigate the treatment of COVID-19 with a combination of azithromycin and the anti-malaria drug [hydroxychloroquine]. The results were positive, all patients taking the combination were virologically cured within 6 days of treatment, however, larger studies are required.", "Azithromycin anhydrous is a Macrolide Antimicrobial.", "Azithromycin is a semisynthetic macrolide antibiotic which is commonly used for a wide variety of mild-to-moderate bacterial infections. Azithromycin has been linked to rare instances of acute liver injury.", "Azithromycin Anhydrous is the anhydrous form of azithromycin, an orally bioavailable azalide derived from erythromycin, and a member of a subclass of macrolide antibiotics, with anti-bacterial activity. Upon oral administration, azithromycin reversibly binds to the 23S rRNA of the 50S ribosomal subunit of the bacterial ribosome of susceptible microorganisms, thereby inhibiting the translocation step of protein synthesis by preventing the assembly of the 50S ribosomal subunit. This inhibits bacterial protein synthesis, inhibits cell growth and causes cell death.", "Azithromycin Dihydrate is the dihydrate form of azithromycin, an orally bioavailable azalide derived from erythromycin, and a member of a subclass of macrolide antibiotics, with anti-bacterial activity. Upon oral administration, azithromycin reversibly binds to the 23S rRNA of the 50S ribosomal subunit of the bacterial ribosome of susceptible microorganisms, thereby inhibiting the translocation step of protein synthesis by preventing the assembly of the 50S ribosomal subunit. This inhibits bacterial protein synthesis, inhibits cell growth and causes cell death.", "Azithromycin is an azalide, derived from erythromycin, and a member of a subclass of macrolide antibiotics with bacteriocidal and bacteriostatic activities. Azithromycin reversibly binds to the 50S ribosomal subunit of the 70S ribosome of sensitive microorganisms, thereby inhibiting the translocation step of protein synthesis, wherein a newly synthesized peptidyl tRNA molecule moves from the acceptor site on the ribosome to the peptidyl (donor) site, and consequently inhibiting RNA-dependent protein synthesis leading to cell growth inhibition and cell death.", "A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic structurally related to ERYTHROMYCIN. It has been used in the treatment of Mycobacterium avium intracellulare infections, toxoplasmosis, and cryptosporidiosis."]], ["Cethromycin", "CC[C@@H]1[C@@]2([C@@H]([C@H](C(=O)[C@@H](C[C@@]([C@@H]([C@H](C(=O)[C@H](C(=O)O1)C)C)O[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@H](C[C@H](O3)C)N(C)C)O)(C)OC/C=C/C4=CC5=CC=CC=C5N=C4)C)C)NC(=O)O2)C", ["Cethromycin is a macrolide antibiotic which displays in vitro activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and is currently under investigation for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) have also granted orphan drug designation to cethromycin for the treatment of anthrax prophylaxis, tularemia, and plague (PDB entry: 1NWX). It has a role as an antibacterial drug and a protein synthesis inhibitor. It is a macrolide antibiotic, a member of quinolines and a monosaccharide derivative.", "Cethromycin is a 3-keto (ketolide) derivative of erythromycin A with an 11,12-carbamate group and an O-6-linked aromatic ring system. Cethromycin represents a joint development effort by Abbott Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceuticals, and Advanced Life Sciences, intended to be marketed under the trade name Restanza for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia. However, after completing phase III clinical trials, it was deemed safe but not sufficiently efficacious by the FDA.  Since this time, cethromycin has received FDA orphan drug designations for the prophylactic treatment of anthrax inhalation, plague due to Yersinia pestis, and tularemia due to Francisella tularensis. It has also been investigated, by itself or together with [zoliflodacin], for the treatment of gonorrhea, and was recently suggested as a possible treatment for liver-stage Plasmodium sporozoite infection."]], ["(2S)-2-Ethoxy-3-{4-[2-(10H-phenoxazin-10-YL)ethoxy]phenyl}propanoic acid", "CCO[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(C=C1)OCCN2C3=CC=CC=C3OC4=CC=CC=C42)C(=O)O", ["Ragaglitazar is a dual peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) alpha and gamma agonist with hypoglycemic activity. Ragaglitazar reduces blood pressure (BP) and improves endothelial function in antihypertensive studies."]], ["Fusicoccin", "C[C@@H]1[C@@H]\\2CC[C@@H](/C2=C/[C@]3([C@H](CC(=C3[C@H]([C@@H]1O)O[C@@H]4[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O4)COC(C)(C)C=C)O)OC(=O)C)O)[C@H](C)COC(=O)C)O)C)COC", ["Fusicoccin is an acetate ester. It has a role as a toxin.", "Fusicoccin is a natural product found in Diaporthe amygdali with data available."]], ["Epothilone D", "C[C@H]1CCC/C(=C\\C[C@H](OC(=O)C[C@@H](C(C(=O)[C@@H]([C@H]1O)C)(C)C)O)/C(=C/C2=CSC(=N2)C)/C)/C", ["Epothilone D is an epithilone that is epithilone C in which the hydrogen at position 13 of the oxacyclohexadec-13-ene-2,6-dione macrocycle has been replaced by a methyl group. It has a role as a microtubule-stabilising agent.", "Epothilone D is a natural product found in Myxococcus xanthus, Streptomyces venezuelae, and Sorangium cellulosum with data available.", "Epothilone D is a natural polyketide compound isolated from the myxobacterium Sorangium cellulosum. Also known as desoxyepothilone B, epothilone D binds to tubulin and inhibits the disassembly of microtubules, resulting in the inhibition of mitosis, cellular proliferation, and cell motility. (NCI04)"]], ["(S,S)-2-{1-Carboxy-2-[3-(3,5-dichloro-benzyl)-3H-imidazol-4-YL]-ethylamino}-4-methyl-pentanoic acid", "CC(C)C[C@@H](C(=O)O)N[C@@H](CC1=CN=CN1CC2=CC(=CC(=C2)Cl)Cl)C(=O)O", ["MLN-4760 is a L-histidine derivative that is L-histidine in which a hydrogen of the primary amino group is substituted by a (1S)-1-carboxy-3-methylbutyl group and the ring NH group is substituted by a 3,5-dichlorobenzyl group. It is a potent and selective human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) inhibitor (IC50 = 0.44 nM) which was in clinical development for the treatment of ulcerative colitis. It has a role as an anti-inflammatory agent and an EC 3.4.17.23 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2) inhibitor. It is a L-histidine derivative, a dichlorobenzene and a L-leucine derivative.", "ORE1001 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Mild to Moderate Ulcerative Colitis. It is an ACE2 inhibitor."]], ["7-cyano-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1-(1H-imidazol-4-ylmethyl)-3-(phenylmethyl)-4-(2-thienylsulfonyl)-1H-1,4-benzodiazepine", "C1[C@H](N(CC2=C(N1CC3=CN=CN3)C=CC(=C2)C#N)S(=O)(=O)C4=CC=CS4)CC5=CC=CC=C5", ["BMS-214662 is a member of the class of benzodiazepines that is 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1,4-benzodiazepine substituted by (1H-imidazol-5-yl)methyl, benzyl, (thiophen-2-yl)sulfonyl, and cyano groups at positions 1, 3R, 4 and 7, respectively. It is a potent inhibitor of farnesyltransferase (IC50 = 1.35nM) which was under clinical development for the treatment of solid tumors. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent, an apoptosis inducer and an EC 2.5.1.58 (protein farnesyltransferase) inhibitor. It is a member of imidazoles, a nitrile, a member of thiophenes, a sulfonamide, a member of benzenes and a benzodiazepine.", "BMS-214662 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Childhood Myelodysplastic Syndromes, Refractory Anemia With Excess Blasts, Recurrent Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Relapsing Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia, and Adult Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (M3), among others.", "BMS-214662 is a nonsedating benzodiazepine derivative with potential antineoplastic activity. Farnesyltransferase inhibitor BMS-214662 inhibits the enzyme farnesyltransferase and the post-translational farnesylation of number of proteins involved in signal transduction, which may result in the inhibition of Ras function and apoptosis in susceptible tumor cells. This agent may reverse the malignant phenotype of H-Ras-transformed cells and has been shown to be active against tumor cells with and without Ras mutations."]], ["Oseltamivir acid", "CCC(CC)O[C@@H]1C=C(C[C@@H]([C@H]1NC(=O)C)N)C(=O)O", ["Oseltamivir acid is a cyclohexenecarboxylic acid that is cyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxylic acid which is substituted at positions 3, 4, and 5 by pentan-3-yloxy, acetamido, and amino groups, respectively (the 3R,4R,5S enantiomer). An antiviral drug, it is used as the corresponding ethyl ester prodrug, oseltamivir, to slow the spread of influenza. It has a role as an antiviral drug, an EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor and a marine xenobiotic metabolite. It is a cyclohexenecarboxylic acid, an acetate ester, an amino acid and a primary amino compound.", "Oseltamivir acid is a Neuraminidase Inhibitor. The mechanism of action of oseltamivir acid is as a Neuraminidase Inhibitor."]], ["Fluorocholine F-18", "C[N+](C)(CCO)C[18F]", ["Fluoromethylcholine (18F) is a quaternary ammonium salt.", "Fluorine F 18 Fluorocholine is a radiotracer consisting of methylcholine labeled with the positron-emitting radioisotope fluorine F 18 (18F-FMCH) with potential imaging use. Upon administration, 18F-fluoromethylcholine incorporates into tumor cells through an active, carrier-mediated transport mechanism for choline and then is phosphorylated intracellularly by choline kinase, an enzyme frequently upregulated in human tumors, yielding phosphoryl 18F-fluoromethylcholine. In turn, phosphoryl 18F-fluoromethylcholine is integrated into phospholipids in the cell membrane as part of phosphatidylcholine. As the proliferation of cancer cells is much higher than normal cells, tumor cells exhibit an increased rate of 18F-FMCH uptake and incorporation, allowing tumor imaging with positron emission tomography (PET)."]], ["Choline C-11", "C[N+](C)([11CH3])CCO", ["(11)C-choline is a choline in which one of the methyl carbons is replaced by an (11)C isotope. An intravenous radioactive diagnostic agent used (in the form of its chloride salt) as a tracer during positron emission tomography scans to help detect sites of recurrent prostate cancer. It has a role as a radioactive imaging agent and a radioactive tracer. It is a member of cholines and an (11)C-modified compound.", "Choline C 11 Injection is a radioactive diagnostic agent for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of pat ients with suspected prostate cancer recurrence and non-informative bone scintigraphy, computerized tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging.", "Choline c-11 is a Radioactive Diagnostic Agent. The mechanism of action of choline c-11 is as a Radiopharmaceutical Activity.", "Carbon C 11 Choline is a radiotracer consisting of choline labeled with the positron-emitting isotope carbon C 11 with potential imaging use. Upon administration, C-11 choline incorporates into tumor cells through an active, carrier-mediated transport mechanism for choline and then is phosphorylated intracellularly by choline kinase, an enzyme frequently upregulated in human tumors, yielding phosphoryl C-11 choline. In turn, phosphoryl C-11 choline is integrated into phospholipids in the cell membrane as part of phosphatidylcholine. As the proliferation of cancer cells is much higher than normal cells, tumor cells exhibit an increased rate of C-11 choline uptake and incorporation, allowing tumor imaging with positron emission tomography (PET)."]], ["Carfentanil, C-11", "CCC(=O)N(C1=CC=CC=C1)C2(CCN(CC2)CCC3=CC=CC=C3)C(=O)O[11CH3]", ["Carfentanil, C-11 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01899170 (Towards Individualized Deep Brain Stimulation Treatment of Chronic Neuropathic Pain)."]], ["Technetium Tc 99m sestamibi", "CC(C)(C[N+]#[C-])OC.CC(C)(C[N+]#[C-])OC.CC(C)(C[N+]#[C-])OC.CC(C)(C[N+]#[C-])OC.CC(C)(C[N+]#[C-])OC.CC(C)(C[N+]#[C-])OC.[99Tc]", ["A technetium imaging agent used to reveal blood-starved cardiac tissue during a heart attack."]], ["Fluoromisonidazole F-18", "C1=CN(C(=N1)[N+](=O)[O-])CC(C[18F])O", ["Fluoromisonidazole F-18 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01507428 (Study of Positron Emission Tomography and Computed Tomography in Guiding Radiation Therapy in Patients With Stage III Non-small Cell Lung Cancer).", "18F-Fluoromisonidazole is a radiofluorinated 2-nitroimidazole derivate with hypoxia-specific tracer activity. Misonidazole is reduced under hypoxic conditions and in reduced form covalently binds to macromolecules in hypoxic cells. 18F (fluorine-18) radiofluorination of misonidazole to form 18F-fluoromisonidazole allows radioisotopic imaging of reduced misonidazole bound to macromolecules in hypoxic cells."]], ["Acetic acid C-11", "C[11C](=O)O", ["Acetic acid C-11 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01953965 (Look at Way the Heart Functions in People With Pulmonary Hypertension (PH) Who Have Near Normal Right Ventricle (RV) Function and People With Pulmonary Hypertension Who Have Impaired RV Function. Using Imaging Studies PET Scan and Cardiac MRI.).", "Carbon-11 Acetate is the acetate salt of the radioisotope carbon-11. Although the mechanism is unclear, carbon-11 acetate preferentially accumulates in tumor tissue, serving as a tracer for imaging tumors with positron emission tomography (PET). (NCI04)"]], ["Ceretec", "CC1=C(C(=CC=C1)C)NC(=O)CN(CC(=O)O)CC(=O)O.[99Tc]", ["A gamma-emitting RADIONUCLIDE IMAGING agent used in the evaluation of regional cerebral blood flow and in non-invasive dynamic biodistribution studies and MYOCARDIAL PERFUSION IMAGING. It has also been used to label leukocytes in the investigation of INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES."]], ["Fludeoxyglucose F 18", "C([C@@H]1[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](O1)O)[18F])O)O)O", ["2-deoxy-2-((18)F)fluoro-alpha-D-glucose is a 2-deoxy-2-((18)F)fluoro-D-glucopyranose and a 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-alpha-D-glucose.", "The compound is given by intravenous injection to do POSITRON-EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY for the assessment of cerebral and myocardial glucose metabolism in various physiological or pathological states including stroke and myocardial ischemia. It is also employed for the detection of malignant tumors including those of the brain, liver, and thyroid gland. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1162)"]], ["Iodocholesterol (131I)", "C[C@H](CCCC(C)C)[C@H]1CC[C@@H]2[C@@]1(CC[C@H]3[C@H]2CC=C4[C@@]3(CC[C@@H](C4)O)C[131I])C", ["Iodocholesterol (131I) is a cholestanoid.", "Iodine I 131 Iodocholesterol is a radioiodine-labeled cholesterol analogue with diagnostic imaging activity upon scintigraphy. Upon administration, iodine I 131 iodocholesterol accumulates in tissues where steroid hormones are produced, including the adrenal glands and, to a lesser extent, the ovaries and the testes. After binding to low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors on adrenocortical cells, this agent is internalized. As cholesterol is the precursor for all adrenocortical steroid hormones, areas of hormonal hypersecretion, can be visualized using scintigraphy and the adrenocortical function can be assessed."]], ["m-(18F)-Fluorobenzylguanidine", "C1=CC(=CC(=C1)[18F])CN=C(N)N", ["meta-Fluorine F 18 Fluorobenzylguanidine is a radioconjugate composed of the positron-emitting radioisotope fluorine F 18 labeled benzylguanidine, a synthetic analogue of the adrenergic neurotransmitter norepinephrine (NE), with potential use in the diagnostic imaging of human norepinephrine transporter (hNET)-expressing cells by either positron emitting tomography (PET) or computed tomography (CT). Upon administration, meta-fluorine F 18 fluorobenzylguanidine (MFBG) is taken up by and accumulates in both the granules of adrenal medullary chromaffin cells and the pre-synaptic granules of adrenergic neurons in a manner almost identical to that of NE. In turn, hNET-expressing tumor cells can be imaged by PET or CT. hNET, a transmembrane protein and regulator of catecholamine uptake normally restricted to the central and peripheral sympathetic nervous system, is overexpressed in certain tumor cell types."]], ["Fluciclovine (18F)", "C1C(CC1(C(=O)O)N)[18F]", ["Fluciclovine ((18)F) is a member of the class of cyclobutanes that is cyclobutane which carries a carboxy, amino and ((18)F)fluoro groups at positions 1, 1 and 3, respectively (the 1r,3r-stereoisomer). It is a positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracer for visualizing prostate cancer. It has a role as a radioactive imaging agent. It is a (18)F radiopharmaceutical, an alpha-amino acid, a member of cyclobutanes, a fluoroamino acid, a monocarboxylic acid and a primary amino compound.", "Fluciclovine is a [18F]-tagged synthetic analog of the amino acid L-leucine. It presents excellent diagnostic properties to be used in positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. The structure of fluciclovine allows it to be uptaken by the tumoral cells by its amino acid transporter without incorporating in the metabolism within the body. Fluciclovine was developed by Blue Earth Diagnostics, Ltd. and FDA approved in May 27, 2016.", "Fluciclovine f-18 is a Radioactive Diagnostic Agent. The mechanism of action of fluciclovine f-18 is as a Positron Emitting Activity.", "Fluciclovine F18 is a radiotracer containing a synthetic amino acid analogue of L-leucine radiolabeled with fluorine F 18 with potential diagnostic imaging use. Similar to most amino acids, fluciclovine F18 appears to enter cells through the energy-independent L-type amino acid transporter (LAT) system. As an amino acid analogue, this agent is preferentially accumulated by tumor cells due to their increased metabolic needs; however, unlike naturally occurring amino acids, this non-natural amino acid-analogue radiotracer is not metabolized. Accordingly, fluciclovine F18 accumulates in tumor cells and can potentially be used to image tumors using positron emission tomography (PET)."]], ["Fluoroacetic acid F-18", "C(C(=O)O)[18F]", ["Fluoroacetic acid F-18 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01320787 (18-F-Fluoroacetate as PET Imaging Agent)."]], ["Taribavirin hydrochloride", "C1=NC(=NN1[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O2)CO)O)O)C(=N)N.Cl", ["Taribavirin Hydrochloride is a hydrochloride salt form of taribavirin, an orally available prodrug of ribavirin, a synthetic nucleoside analog of ribofuranose with activity against a wide range of viruses, especially the hepatitis C virus and influenza virus. Taribavirin is converted into ribavirin, which is incorporated into viral nucleic acid, thereby inhibiting viral RNA synthesis, inducing viral genome mutations, and inhibiting normal viral replication."]], ["Taribavirin", "C1=NC(=NN1[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O2)CO)O)O)C(=N)N", ["Taribavirin is a nucleobase-containing molecular entity.", "Taribavirin is an orally available prodrug of ribavirin, a synthetic nucleoside analog of ribofuranose with activity against a wide range of viruses, especially the hepatitis C virus and influenza virus. Taribavirin is converted into ribavirin, which is incorporated into viral nucleic acid, thereby inhibiting viral RNA synthesis, inducing viral genome mutations, and inhibiting normal viral replication."]], ["Colfosceril palmitate", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC", ["1,2-dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is a phosphatidylcholine 32:0 in which the 1- and 2-acyl groups are specified as hexadecanoyl (palmitoyl). A synthetic phospholipid used in liposomes and lipid bilayers to study biological membranes. It is also a major constituent of pulmonary surfactants. It has a role as a surfactant and a mouse metabolite. It is a phosphatidylcholine 32:0 and a 1-acyl-2-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine. It is functionally related to a hexadecanoic acid.", "Colfosceril palmitate is a synthetic pulmonary surfactant administered in infants with respiratory distress syndrome. It was part of the first generation of commercially available artificial surfactants. It was developed by Burroughs Wellcome and it was FDA approved on August 6, 1990. Nowadays colfosceril palmitate is under the state of canceled post-marketing.", "Colfosceril palmitate is a natural product found in Lycoris radiata, Trypanosoma brucei, and Homo sapiens with data available.", "Colfosceril Palmitate is a lung surfactant agent that is used as a replacement for endogenous lung surfactant. Colfosceril palmitate is effective in reducing the surface tension of pulmonary fluids, thereby increasing lung compliance properties to prevent alveolar collapse and improve breathing. This drug is used in the treatment of neonatal respiratory distress.", "PC(16:0/16:0) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["Troxatyl", "C1[C@H](O[C@H](O1)CO)N2C=CC(=NC2=O)N", ["Troxacitabine is a nucleobase-containing molecular entity and a carbohydrate derivative.", "Troxacitabine is a nucleoside analog with antineoplastic activity. There has been growing interest in its development for the treatment of patients with refractory lymphoproliferative conditions.", "Troxacitabine is a dioxolane derivative and a novel L-configuration deoxycytidine analogue with potent antineoplastic activity. When incorporated into growing chain during DNA replication, troxacitabine stops DNA polymerization due to its unnatural L-configuration, in contrast to the normal nucleotides with D-configuration. As a result, this agent terminates DNA synthesis upon incorporated into DNA molecules, and consequently interrupts tumor cell proliferation."]], ["Aurothioglucose", "C([C@@H]1[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](C(O1)[S-])O)O)O)O.[Au+]", ["A thioglucose derivative used as an antirheumatic and experimentally to produce obesity in animals."]], ["Apricitabine", "C1[C@@H](S[C@@H](O1)CO)N2C=CC(=NC2=O)N", ["Apricitabine has been used in trials studying the treatment of HIV Infections.", "Apricitabine is a cytidine analogue and nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) with anti-HIV activity. Apricitabine is effective against nucleoside-resistant HIV."]], ["Bleocin", "CC1=C(N=C(N=C1N)[C@H](CC(=O)N)NC[C@@H](C(=O)N)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C2=CN=CN2)O[C@H]3[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](O3)CO)O)O)O[C@@H]4[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O4)CO)O)OC(=O)N)O)C(=O)N[C@H](C)[C@H]([C@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)NCCC5=NC(=CS5)C6=NC(=CS6)C(=O)NCCC[S+](C)C)O", ["Bleomycin appears as colorless or yellowish powder. Possible bluish color depending on copper content. (NTP, 1992)", "Bleomycin is a cystotoxic antibiotic that is used as an anticancer agent in the therapy of testicular and germ cell cancers, Hodgkin disease, lymphomas and tumors of the head and neck. Therapy with bleomycin in combination with other agents is often associated with mild-to-moderate serum enzyme elevations, but is a rare cause of clinically apparent liver injury.", "Bleomycin A2 is the primary bleomycin species in bleomycin sulfate, a mixture of the sulfate salts of several basic glycopeptide antineoplastic antibiotics isolated from Streptomyces verticillus.  Bleomycin A2 forms complexes with iron that reduce molecular oxygen to superoxide and hydroxyl radicals which cause single- and double-stranded breaks in DNA; these reactive oxygen species also induce lipid peroxidation, carbohydrate oxidation, and alterations in prostaglandin synthesis and degradation. (NCI04)", "Bleomycin is a mixture of glycopeptide antineoplastic antibiotics isolated from the bacterium Streptomyces verticillus. Bleomycin forms complexes with iron that reduce molecular oxygen to superoxide and hydroxyl radicals which cause single- and double-stranded breaks in DNA; these reactive oxygen species also induce lipid peroxidation, carbohydrate oxidation, and alterations in prostaglandin synthesis and degradation.", "A complex of related glycopeptide antibiotics from Streptomyces verticillus consisting of bleomycin A2 and B2. It inhibits DNA metabolism and is used as an antineoplastic, especially for solid tumors."]], ["Pretomanid", "C1[C@@H](COC2=NC(=CN21)[N+](=O)[O-])OCC3=CC=C(C=C3)OC(F)(F)F", ["Persistent forms of tuberculosis (TB) have proven to be a major cause of global morbidity and mortality and a cause for significant concern. Research in recent years has been geared toward the development of novel therapies that target persistent forms of this disease, which have shown resistance to standard therapy regimens. Pretomanid is an antimycobacterial agent that is administered with [Bedaquiline] and [Linezolid] to treat resistant forms of pulmonary TB. It was the first TB drug developed by a nonprofit organization, known as TB Alliance, and was granted FDA approval on August 14, 2019. Unlike other therapeutic regimens for the treatment of resistant TB, which may take 18 months or longer and may not be effective, the pretomanid-containing regimen allows for a more efficacious and shorter duration of treatment with fewer drugs.", "Pretomanid is a nitroimidazooxazine antimycobacterial agent used in combination with other antituberculosis drugs in the treatment of multidrug resistant tuberculosis. The addition of pretomanid to antituberculosis drug regimens has been linked to an increased rate of transient serum liver test abnormalities during treatment and to several instances of mild, clinically apparent liver injury."]], ["Cefamandole", "CN1C(=NN=N1)SCC2=C(N3[C@@H]([C@@H](C3=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](C4=CC=CC=C4)O)SC2)C(=O)O", ["Cefamandole is a cephalosporin compound having (R)-mandelamido and N-methylthiotetrazole side-groups. It has a role as an antibacterial drug. It is a cephalosporin and a semisynthetic derivative. It is a conjugate acid of a cefamandole(1-).", "Cefamandole is also known as cephamandole. It is a parenterally administered broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic. It is generally formulated as a formate ester, [cefamandole nafate]. It is no longer marketed in the United States.", "Cefamandole is a natural product found in Apis cerana with data available.", "Cefamandole is a second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with bactericidal activity. Cefamandole is active against Haemophilus and gram-negative bacilli susceptible to other cephalosporins. It is also active against many strains resistant to other cephalosporins, such as Enterobacter species and indole-positive Proteus species.", "Semisynthetic wide-spectrum cephalosporin with prolonged action, probably due to beta-lactamase resistance. It is used also as the nafate."]], ["Savvy", "CCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)CC(=O)[O-].CCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)[O-]", ["C31G is a potent broad spectrum antimicrobial agent, effective against gram positive and gram negative bacteria, yeast and fungi.C31G, vaginal gel is developed by Biosyn Inc. and has commenced enrollment in a phase III pivotal clinical trial for the reduction of sexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)."]], ["(2R,3S,4R,5R,8R,10R,11R,12S,13S,14R)-11-{[4-(dimethylamino)-3-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy}-2-ethyl-3,4,10-trihydroxy-13-[(5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-4,6-dimethyloxan-2-yl)oxy]-3,5,6,8,10,12,14-heptamethyl-1-oxa-6-azacyclopentadecan-15-one", "CC[C@@H]1[C@@]([C@@H]([C@H](N(C[C@@H](C[C@@]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](C(=O)O1)C)OC2CC(C(C(O2)C)O)(C)OC)C)OC3C(C(CC(O3)C)N(C)C)O)(C)O)C)C)C)O)(C)O", ["A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic structurally related to ERYTHROMYCIN. It has been used in the treatment of Mycobacterium avium intracellulare infections, toxoplasmosis, and cryptosporidiosis."]], ["(3R,5R,6S,7S,8S,9S,12S,13R,14R,15R)-6-[(2S,3R,4S,6S)-4-(dimethylamino)-3-hydroxy-6-methyl-tetrahydropyran-2-yl]oxy-14-hydroxy-8-[(2R,4S,5S,6S)-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-6-methyl-tetrahydropyran-2-yl]oxy-5,7,9,12,13,15-hexamethyl-2,11-dioxaspiro[2.13]hexadecane-10,16-dione", "C[C@H]1C[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O1)O[C@H]2[C@@H](C[C@@]3(CO3)C(=O)[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](OC(=O)[C@H]([C@H]([C@H]2C)O[C@H]4C[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O4)C)O)OC)C)C)C)O)C)C)O)N(C)C", ["Oleandomycin is a macrolide antibiotic similar to erythromycin with antimicrobial activity. Oleandomycin targets and reversibly binds to the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. This prevents translocation of peptidyl tRNA leading to an inhibition of protein synthesis.", "Antibiotic macrolide produced by Streptomyces antibioticus."]], ["Dactinomycin", "C[C@@H]1[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](C(=O)N2CCC[C@H]2C(=O)N(CC(=O)N([C@H](C(=O)O1)C(C)C)C)C)C(C)C)NC(=O)C3=C4C(=C(C=C3)C)OC5=C(C(=O)C(=C(C5=N4)C(=O)N[C@H]6[C@H](OC(=O)[C@@H](N(C(=O)CN(C(=O)[C@@H]7CCCN7C(=O)[C@H](NC6=O)C(C)C)C)C)C(C)C)C)N)C", ["Actinomycin d appears as bright red rhomboid prisms or red powder. (NTP, 1992)", "Actinomycin D is an actinomycin. It has a role as a mutagen.", "A compound composed of a two cyclic peptides attached to a phenoxazine that is derived from streptomyces parvullus. It binds to DNA and inhibits RNA synthesis (transcription), with chain elongation more sensitive than initiation, termination, or release. As a result of impaired mRNA production, protein synthesis also declines after dactinomycin therapy. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p2015)", "Dactinomycin is an Actinomycin. The mechanism of action of dactinomycin is as a Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitor, and Protein Synthesis Inhibitor.", "Dactinomycin is an intravenously administered, antineoplastic antibiotic that is used in the treatment of solid tumors in children and choriocarcinoma in adult women. In high doses, dactinomycin can cause severe liver injury including sinusoidal obstruction syndrome.", "Dactinomycin is a natural product found in Streptomyces parvulus, Streptomyces, and other organisms with data available.", "Dactinomycin is a chromopeptide antineoplastic antibiotic isolated from the bacterium Streptomyces parvulus.  Dactinomycin intercalates between adjacent guanine-cytosine base pairs, blocking the transcription of DNA by RNA polymerase; it also causes single-strand DNA breaks, possibly via a free-radical intermediate or an interaction with topoisomerase II. (NCI04)", "A compound composed of a two CYCLIC PEPTIDES attached to a phenoxazine that is derived from STREPTOMYCES parvullus. It binds to DNA and inhibits RNA synthesis (transcription), with chain elongation more sensitive than initiation, termination, or release. As a result of impaired mRNA production, protein synthesis also declines after dactinomycin therapy. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p2015)"]], ["Clionasterol", "CC[C@@H](CC[C@@H](C)[C@H]1CC[C@@H]2[C@@]1(CC[C@H]3[C@H]2CC=C4[C@@]3(CC[C@@H](C4)O)C)C)C(C)C", ["Clionasterol is a member of the class of phytosterols that is poriferast-5-ene carrying a beta-hydroxy substituent at position 3. It has a role as a plant metabolite and a marine metabolite. It is a 3beta-sterol, a member of phytosterols and a 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid. It derives from a hydride of a poriferastane.", "Clionasterol is a natural product found in Achillea santolina, Clerodendrum infortunatum, and other organisms with data available.", "Phytosterol is any sterol found in the plant kingdom."]], ["Bevirimat", "CC(=C)[C@@H]1CC[C@]2([C@H]1[C@H]3CC[C@@H]4[C@]5(CC[C@@H](C([C@@H]5CC[C@]4([C@@]3(CC2)C)C)(C)C)OC(=O)CC(C)(C)C(=O)O)C)C(=O)O", ["Bevirimat is a pentacyclic triterpenoid obtained by the formal condensation of 2,2-dimethylsuccinic acid with the 3-hydroxy group of betulinic acid. It is isolated from the Chinese herb Syzygium claviflorum. The first in the class of HIV-1 maturation inhibitors to be studied in humans, bevirimat was identified as a potent HIV drug candidate and several clinical trials were conducted, but development into a new drug was plagued by numerous resistance-related problems. It has a role as a metabolite and a HIV-1 maturation inhibitor. It is a pentacyclic triterpenoid, a dicarboxylic acid monoester and a monocarboxylic acid. It is functionally related to a betulinic acid.", "Bevirimat, also known as PA-457 or YK-FH312, is investigated in clinical trials for treating HIV infection. Bevirimat is a solid. This compound belongs to the androgens and derivatives, which are hydroxylated C19 steroid hormones. They are known to favour the development of masculine characteristics. They also show profound effects on scalp and body hair in humans. Bevirimat targets the protein gag-pol polyprotein. Bevirimat is derived from a betulinic acid-like compound, first isolated from Syzygium claviflorum, a Chinese herb. It is not currently FDA-approved, but is undergoing clinical trials conducted by the pharmaceutical company Panacos.", "Bevirimat is a drug derived from a betulinic acid-like compound, first isolated from the Chinese herb Syzygium claviflorum, with activity against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Bevirimat acts by binding to the Gag capsid precursor protein and blocking its conversion to mature capsid protein by protease cleavage. It potently inhibits replication in both wild-type and drug-resistant (reverse transciptase or protease) HIV-1 isolates."]], ["1-Palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)O", ["1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is a lysophosphatidylcholine 16:0 in which a hexadecanoyl (palmitoyl) group is attached to the glycero moiety at position 1. It has a role as a mouse metabolite. It is a lysophosphatidylcholine 16:0 and a 1-O-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.", "1-Palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is a natural product found in Lysiphlebia japonica, Vitis vinifera, and other organisms with data available.", "PC(16:0/0:0) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["Sitafloxacin", "C1CC12CN(C[C@H]2N)C3=C(C=C4C(=C3Cl)N(C=C(C4=O)C(=O)O)[C@@H]5C[C@@H]5F)F", ["Sitafloxacin is a member of quinolines, a quinolone antibiotic and a fluoroquinolone antibiotic."]], ["Tenofovir", "C[C@H](CN1C=NC2=C(N=CN=C21)N)OCP(=O)(O)O", ["Tenofovir (anhydrous) is a member of the class of phosphonic acids that is methylphosphonic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a [(2R)-1-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)propan-2-yl]oxy group. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, the bis(isopropyloxycarbonyloxymethyl) ester (disoproxil ester) prodrug is used as the fumaric acid salt in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV infection. It has a role as a HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor, an antiviral drug and a drug metabolite. It is a member of phosphonic acids and a nucleoside analogue. It is a conjugate acid of a tenofovir(1-).", "Tenofovir-based topicalmicrobicides are investigational products that are being studied to prevent sexual transmission of HIV. They have also been studied to prevent herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infection.", "Tenofovir is an acyclic nucleotide diester analog of adenosine monophosphate. In the most strict sense and due to the fact that it presents a phosphate group bound to the nitrogenous base, it is determined as an actual nucleotide analog. The antiviral activities of tenofovir were first reported in 1993 and this agent was commercially available since 2008 in the form of [tenofovir disoproxil] and [tenofovir alafenamide] in order to obtain oral bioavailability.", "Tenofovir anhydrous is a Human Immunodeficiency Virus Nucleoside Analog Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor and Hepatitis B Virus Nucleoside Analog Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor. The mechanism of action of tenofovir anhydrous is as a Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor.", "Tenofovir is an acyclic nucleotide analogue of adenosine used in combination with other agents in the therapy of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and as single agent in hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Tenofovir does not appear to be a significant cause of drug induced liver injury.", "An adenine analog REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITOR with antiviral activity against HIV-1 and HEPATITIS B. It is used to treat HIV INFECTIONS and CHRONIC HEPATITIS B, in combination with other ANTIVIRAL AGENTS, due to the emergence of ANTIVIRAL DRUG RESISTANCE when it is used alone."]], ["Ravuconazole", "C[C@@H](C1=NC(=CS1)C2=CC=C(C=C2)C#N)[C@](CN3C=NC=N3)(C4=C(C=C(C=C4)F)F)O", ["Ravuconazole is a member of the class of triazoles that is 1-butyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole in which the butyl group is substituted at positions 2, 2, and 3 by hydroxy, 2,4-difluorophenyl, and 4-(p-cyanophenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl groups, respectively (the R,R stereoisomer). It exhibits antifungal activity by inhibition of 14alpha demethylase, an enzyme involved in sterol synthesis, resulting in lysis of the fungal cell wall and fungal cell death. (NCIO4) It has a role as an ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitor, an antifungal drug, an EC 1.14.14.154 (sterol 14alpha-demethylase) inhibitor and an antileishmanial agent. It is a member of triazoles, a member of fluorobenzenes, a tertiary alcohol, a member of 1,3-thiazoles and a nitrile.", "Ravuconazole is a triazole with antifungal activity. Ravuconazole inhibits 14a demethylase, an enzyme involved in sterol synthesis, resulting in lysis of the fungal cell wall and fungal cell death. (NCI04)"]], ["Caspo", "CCC(C)CC(C)CCCCCCCCC(=O)N[C@H]1C[C@H]([C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H]2[C@H](CCN2C(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H]3C[C@H](CN3C(=O)[C@@H](NC1=O)[C@@H](C)O)O)[C@@H]([C@H](C4=CC=C(C=C4)O)O)O)[C@@H](CCN)O)O)NCCN)O", ["Caspofungin is an antimycotic echinocandin lipopeptide, semisynthetically derived from a fermentation product of the fungus Glarea lozoyensis. Caspofungin inhibits 1,3-beta-glucan synthase, resulting in decreased synthesis of beta(1,3)-D-glucan (an essential component of the fungal cell wall), weakening of the fungal cell wall, and fungal cell wall rupture. This agent is active against Aspergillus and Candida species.", "A cyclic lipopeptide echinocandin and beta-(1,3)-D-glucan synthase inhibitor that is used to treat internal or systemic MYCOSES."]], ["Epzicom", "C1CC1NC2=C3C(=NC(=N2)N)N(C=N3)[C@H]4C[C@H](C=C4)CO", ["Epzicom is a prescription medicine approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of HIV infection in adults and in children who weigh at least 55 lb (25 kg). Epzicom is always used in combination with other HIV medicines."]], ["Elvucitabine", "C1=C[C@H](O[C@H]1CO)N2C=C(C(=NC2=O)N)F", ["Elvucitabine is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor analog of cytosine. Elvucitabine has activity against HIV and chronic hepatitis B."]], ["Ethambutol, (R,R)-", "CC[C@H](CO)NCCN[C@H](CC)CO", ["(2R)-2-[2-[[(2R)-1-hydroxybutan-2-yl]amino]ethylamino]-1-butanol is an amino alcohol."]], ["CID 470125", "CCN(CC)CCS(=O)(=O)[C@@H]1CCN2[C@H]1C(=O)O[C@@H]([C@@H](C=CC(=O)NCC=CC(=C[C@H](CC(=O)CC3=NC(=CO3)C2=O)O)C)C)C(C)C", ["Dalfopristin is a semi-synthetic derivative of streptogramin A produced by streptomycetes. Dalfopristin inhibits the early phase of protein synthesis in the bacterial ribosome by binding to the 70S subunit, and also alters the configuration of the ribosome to make it more susceptible for streptogramin B binding. Dalfopristin is used in combination with quinopristin, a streptogramin B derivative. This combination is active against most gram-positive organisms, including Enterococcus faecium, and is also active against some gram-negative organisms and mycoplasma."]], ["N-[(3S,6S,15S,16R,19S,25R)-25-[[(3S)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl]sulfanylmethyl]-3-[[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]methyl]-12-ethyl-4,16-dimethyl-2,5,11,14,18,21,24-heptaoxo-19-phenyl-17-oxa-1,4,10,13,20-pentazatricyclo[20.4.0.06,10]hexacosan-15-yl]-3-hydroxypyridine-2-carboxamide", "CCC1C(=O)N2CCC[C@H]2C(=O)N([C@H](C(=O)N3C[C@H](C(=O)CC3C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)O[C@@H]([C@@H](C(=O)N1)NC(=O)C4=C(C=CC=N4)O)C)C5=CC=CC=C5)CS[C@@H]6CN7CCC6CC7)CC8=CC=C(C=C8)N(C)C)C", ["Quinupristin is a semi-synthetic derivative of pristinamycin, a natural occurring type B streptogramin. Quinupristin binds to the bacterial 50S ribosomal subunit, thereby inhibiting peptide chain elongation, and causing early termination of normal bacterial protein synthesis. Quinupristin is primarily effective against gram-positive cocci."]], ["Maribavir", "CC(C)NC1=NC2=CC(=C(C=C2N1[C@@H]3[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O3)CO)O)O)Cl)Cl", ["Maribavir is an inhibitor of the cytomegalovirus (CMV; HHV5) pUL97 kinase which is used to treat CMV infections in patients post-transplantation. Most standard CMV therapies, such as [ganciclovir] or [foscarnet], target CMV DNA polymerase - while generally effective, these medications tend to promote the development of CMV resistance to DNA polymerase-based therapies, and their use is often limited by toxicities like myelosuppression and renal injury. Maribavir is novel in that it instead targets the CMV pUL97 kinase, thereby providing an effective alternative treatment option in cases of resistant infections.  Maribavir was approved by the FDA in November 2021, under the name Livtencity (Takeda), for the treatment of resistant CMV infections in post-transplant patients. The drug was also approved by Health Canada in September 2022 and by European Commission in November 2022.", "Maribavir is a Cytomegalovirus pUL97 Kinase Inhibitor. The mechanism of action of maribavir is as a Cytomegalovirus pUL97 Kinase Inhibitor, and Cytochrome P450 3A4 Inhibitor, and P-Glycoprotein Inhibitor, and Breast Cancer Resistance Protein Inhibitor.", "Maribavir is an orally available, antiviral agent which inhibits the pUL97 kinase of cytomegalovirus (CMV) and is used to treat refractory forms of post-transplant CMV infection. Maribavir has been associated with low rates of mild-to-moderate serum aminotransferase elevations during therapy but has not been linked to cases of clinically apparent acute liver injury.", "Maribavir is an orally available benzimidazole riboside compound with activity against cytomegalovirus (CMV). Maribavir is a selective ATP competitor of viral UL97 kinase, which is involved in viral nuclear maturation events, such as viral DNA assembly and movement of viral capsids from the nucleus of infected cells. Maribavir has activity against strains of CMV that are resistant to standard anti-CMV agents."]], ["Rubitecan", "CC[C@@]1(C2=C(COC1=O)C(=O)N3CC4=CC5=C(C=CC=C5[N+](=O)[O-])N=C4C3=C2)O", ["Rubitecan is a pyranoindolizinoquinoline that is camptothecin in which the hydrogen at position 9 has been replaced by a nitro group. It is a prodrug for 9-aminocamptothecin. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent, an EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor and a prodrug. It is a pyranoindolizinoquinoline, a C-nitro compound, a semisynthetic derivative, a tertiary alcohol and a delta-lactone.", "Rubitecan is a semisynthetic agent related to camptothecin with potent antitumor and antiviral properties.  Rubitecan binds to and inhibits the enzyme topoisomerase I and induces protein-linked DNA single-strand breaks, thereby blocking DNA and RNA synthesis in dividing cells; this agent also prevents repair of reversible single-strand DNA breaks. (NCI04)"]], ["Mefoxin", "CO[C@@]1([C@@H]2N(C1=O)C(=C(CS2)COC(=O)N)C(=O)[O-])NC(=O)CC3=CC=CS3", ["Cefoxitin(1-) is a cephalosporin carboxylic acid anion having methoxy, 2-thienylacetamido and carbamoyloxymethyl side-groups, formed by proton loss from the carboxy group of the semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic cefoxitin. It is a conjugate base of a cefoxitin.", "A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic resistant to beta-lactamase."]], ["Micafungin", "CCCCCOC1=CC=C(C=C1)C2=CC(=NO2)C3=CC=C(C=C3)C(=O)N[C@H]4C[C@H]([C@H](NC(=O)[C@@H]5[C@H]([C@H](CN5C(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H]6C[C@H](CN6C(=O)[C@@H](NC4=O)[C@@H](C)O)O)[C@@H]([C@H](C7=CC(=C(C=C7)O)OS(=O)(=O)O)O)O)[C@@H](CC(=O)N)O)C)O)O)O", ["Micafungin is a cyclic hexapeptide echinocandin antibiotic which exerts its effect by inhibiting the synthesis of 1,3-beta-D-glucan, an integral component of the fungal cell wall. It is used as the sodium salt for the treatment of invasive candidiasis, and of aspergillosis in patients who are intolerant of other therapy. It has a role as an antiinfective agent. It is an echinocandin and an antibiotic antifungal drug.", "Micafungin is an antifungal drug. It belongs to the antifungal class of compounds known as echinocandins and exerts its effect by inhibiting the synthesis of 1,3-beta-D-glucan, an integral component of the fungal cell wall.", "Micafungin is an Echinocandin Antifungal.", "Micafungin is a semi-synthetic echinocandin derived from a natural product of the fungus Coleophama empedri with potent antifungal activity. Micafungin, like other cyclic lipopeptides, noncompetitively inhibits the fungal specific enzyme 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase, an enzyme essential for fungal cell wall synthesis. Inhibition of this enzyme weakens of the cell wall, thereby leading to osmotic lysis and eventually, fungal cell death.", "A cyclic lipo-hexapeptide echinocandin antifungal agent that is used for the treatment and prevention of CANDIDIASIS."]], ["8-Prenylnaringenin", "CC(=CCC1=C2C(=C(C=C1O)O)C(=O)C[C@H](O2)C3=CC=C(C=C3)O)C", ["Sophoraflavanone B is a trihydroxyflavanone that is (S)-naringenin having a prenyl group at position 8. It has a role as a platelet aggregation inhibitor and a plant metabolite. It is a trihydroxyflavanone, a member of 4'-hydroxyflavanones and a (2S)-flavan-4-one. It is functionally related to a (S)-naringenin. It is a conjugate acid of a sophoraflavanone B(1-).", "8-Prenylnaringenin is a natural product found in Macaranga conifera, Macaranga denticulata, and other organisms with data available."]], ["Terazol", "CC(C)N1CCN(CC1)C2=CC=C(C=C2)OC[C@@H]3CO[C@@](O3)(CN4C=NC=N4)C5=C(C=C(C=C5)Cl)Cl", ["(2S,4R)-terconazole is a 1-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)-4-isopropylpiperazine in which positions 2 and 4 of the 1,3-dioxolane moiety have S and R configuration, respectively. It is an enantiomer of a (2R,4S)-terconazole.", "Terconazole is an Azole Antifungal.", "Terconazole is a synthetic triazole derivative structurally related to fluconazole, antifungal Terconazole seems to disrupt cell wall synthesis by inhibiting biosynthesis of ergosterol or other sterols, damaging the fungal cell membrane, altering its permeability, and promoting loss of essential intracellular elements.  Terconazole is active against Candida sp.. (NCI04)"]], ["4,4-difluoro-N-[(1S)-3-[3-(3-methyl-5-propan-2-yl-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-8-yl]-1-phenylpropyl]-1-cyclohexanecarboxamide", "CC1=NN=C(N1C2CC3CCC(C2)N3CC[C@@H](C4=CC=CC=C4)NC(=O)C5CCC(CC5)(F)F)C(C)C", ["4,4-difluoro-N-[(1S)-3-[3-(3-methyl-5-propan-2-yl-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-8-yl]-1-phenylpropyl]-1-cyclohexanecarboxamide is a tropane alkaloid."]], ["Brincidofovir", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOCCCOP(=O)(CO[C@@H](CN1C=CC(=NC1=O)N)CO)O", ["Brincidofovir is an oral antiviral drug used in the treatment of human smallpox infections. It is a lipid conjugate pro-drug of the acyclic nucleotide analogue [cidofovir] - this lipid conjugate improves drug delivery to the target cells and significantly reduces the nephrotoxicity typically associated with cidofovir therapy. Due to its formulation as a pro-drug brincidofovir also carries a greater bioavailability than cidofovir, allowing for oral administration rather than intravenous. Cidofovir itself has broad antiviral activity against several DNA viruses, resulting in brincidofovir being investigated for the prevention and treatment of cytomegalovirus (CMV), BK Virus (BKV), adenoviruses (AdV), and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), amongst others.  Brincidofovir, developed by Chimerix under the brand name Tembexa, was approved by the FDA for the treatment of smallpox infection in June 2021. As smallpox has been eradicated, the efficacy of Tembexa was assessed in animals infected with viruses closely related to variola. The approval was granted under the agency\u2019s Animal Rule, which allows for a drug to be approved based on the results of well-controlled animal studies when human trials would be unethical or infeasible.", "Brincidofovir is an orally available antiviral agent with activity against smallpox and several other DNA viruses that is currently approved for use against smallpox virus (variola) infection in humans and has been given emergency use authorization for treatment of monkeypox (now renamed \u201cmpox\u201d) infection. Brincidofovir therapy has been linked to a low rate of serum aminotransferase elevations during therapy, but has not been implicated in instances of clinically apparent liver injury.", "Brincidofovir is an alkoxyalkyl ester prodrug containing the synthetic, acyclic nucleoside monophosphate analog cidofovir linked, through its phosphonate group, to a lipid, 3-hexadecyloxy-1-propanol, with antiviral activity against double-stranded DNA viruses. Upon oral administration, brincidofovir crosses the intestinal wall and penetrates target viral-infected cells before being cleaved to the free antiviral agent cidofovir. In turn, cidofovir is phosphorylated by pyruvate kinases to its active metabolite cidofovir diphosphate. Cidofovir diphosphate, bearing structural similarity to nucleotides, competes with deoxycytosine-5-triphosphate (dCTP) for viral DNA polymerase and gets incorporated into the growing viral DNA strands. As a result, it prevents further DNA polymerization and disrupts DNA replication of viruses. Compared to cidofovir, which is given intravenously, hexadecyloxypropyl-cidofovir shows better oral bioavailability, less toxicity and enhanced cellular penetration."]], ["Delafloxacin", "C1C(CN1C2=C(C=C3C(=C2Cl)N(C=C(C3=O)C(=O)O)C4=C(C=C(C(=N4)N)F)F)F)O", ["Delafloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic which has been used in trials studying the treatment and basic science of Gonorrhea, Hepatic Impairment, Bacterial Skin Diseases, Skin Structure Infections, and Community Acquired Pneumonia, among others. It was approved in June 2017 under the trade name Baxdela for use in the treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections.", "Delafloxacin is a Fluoroquinolone Antibacterial.", "Delafloxacin is a fourth generation fluoroquinolone with expanded activity against gram-positive bacteria as well as atypical pathogens. Delafloxacin has been linked to mild ALT elevations during therapy, but has yet to be linked to instances of idiosyncratic acute liver injury with symptoms and jaundice as have been described with other fluoroquinolones."]], ["Alamifovir", "COC1=CC=C(C=C1)SC2=NC(=NC3=C2N=CN3CCOCP(=O)(OCC(F)(F)F)OCC(F)(F)F)N", ["Alamifovir is an antiviral agent specific for HBV.", "Alamifovir is a purine nucleotide analog prodrug with activity against wild-type and lamivudine-resistant hepatitis B virus (HBV). Alamifovir acts by inhibiting viral DNA priming and viral DNA packaging, thereby decreasing HBV replication."]], ["Pritelivir", "CC1=C(SC(=N1)N(C)C(=O)CC2=CC=C(C=C2)C3=CC=CC=N3)S(=O)(=O)N", ["Pritelivir has been used in trials studying the prevention of HSV-2 and Genital Herpes.", "Pritelivir is a thiazolylamide and helicase-primase enzyme inhibitor that is active against herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2). Pritelivir inhibits the helicase-primase complex and prevents helicase or primase catalytic cycling of viral DNA, which interferes with DNA replication and growth. This agent does not require activation by HSV thymidine kinase and has a longer plasma half-life than nucleoside analogues."]], ["1-Octadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)O", ["1-stearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is a lysophosphatidylcholine 18:0 in which the acyl substituent is located at position 1 and is specified as stearoyl. It has a role as a mouse metabolite and an apoptosis inducer. It is a 1-O-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine and a lysophosphatidylcholine 18:0. It is functionally related to an octadecanoic acid.", "1-Octadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is a natural product found in Lysiphlebia japonica, Trypanosoma brucei, and other organisms with data available.", "PC(18:0/0:0) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["cis-(1,1-Cyclobutanedicarboxylato)diammineplatinum(II)", "C1CC(C1)(C(=O)O)C(=O)O.[NH2-].[NH2-].[Pt]", ["An organoplatinum compound that possesses antineoplastic activity."]], ["Lisofylline", "C[C@H](CCCCN1C(=O)C2=C(N=CN2C)N(C1=O)C)O", ["(R)-lisofylline is a 1-(5-hydroxyhexyl)-3,7-dimethyl-3,7-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6-dione that has (R)-configuration. A synthetic small molecule which was under development for the treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus. It has a role as an anti-inflammatory agent and an immunomodulator. It is an enantiomer of a (S)-lisofylline.", "Lisofylline has been investigated for the treatment of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus."]], ["Laninamivir", "CC(=O)N[C@@H]1[C@H](C=C(O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](CO)O)OC)C(=O)O)N=C(N)N", ["Laninamivir is a member of acetamides.", "Laninamivir has been used in trials studying the treatment of Influenza."]], ["Vapendavir", "CCOC1=NOC2=C1C=CC(=C2)OCCC3CCN(CC3)C4=NN=C(C=C4)C", ["BTA798 is an antiviral for the treatment of HRV, the common cold virus, known to cause significant clinical complications in sufferers of Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease."]], ["1-(4-benzoylpiperazin-1-yl)-2-(4,7-dimethoxy-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridin-3-yl)ethane-1,2-dione", "COC1=CN=C(C2=C1C(=CN2)C(=O)C(=O)N3CCN(CC3)C(=O)C4=CC=CC=C4)OC", ["BMS-488043 has been investigated as an anti-HIV agent."]], ["Potassium Bicarbonate", "C(=O)(O)[O-].[K+]", ["Potassium hydrogencarbonate is a potassium salt that is the monopotassium salt of carbonic acid. It has fungicidal properties and is used in organic farming for the control of powdery mildew and apple scab. It has a role as a food acidity regulator, a raising agent, a buffer and an antifungal agrochemical. It is a potassium salt and an organic salt. It contains a hydrogencarbonate.", "Potassium bicarbonate is a white, crystalline, slightly alkaline and salty substance. It is produced by the passage of carbon dioxide through an aqueous potassium carbonate solution. It is used in medicine as an antacid. It is registered in the FDA under the section of suitable, safe and effective ingredients for OTC antacids. This FDA denomination classifies potassium bicarbonate as a GRAS ingredient."]], ["Oxyquinoline sulfate", "C1=CC2=C(C(=C1)O)N=CC=C2.C1=CC2=C(C(=C1)O)N=CC=C2.OS(=O)(=O)O", ["Oxyquinoline sulfate is a polymer.", "An antiseptic with mild fungistatic, bacteriostatic, anthelmintic, and amebicidal action. It is also used as a reagent and metal chelator, as a carrier for radio-indium for diagnostic purposes, and its halogenated derivatives are used in addition as topical anti-infective agents and oral antiamebics."]], ["Potassium Acetate", "CC(=O)[O-].[K+]", ["Potassium acetate is a potassium salt comprising equal numbers of potassium and acetate ions It has a role as a food acidity regulator. It contains an acetate.", "Potassium Acetate is the acetate salt form of potassium, an essential macromineral. Potassium maintains intracellular tonicity, is required for nerve conduction, cardiac, skeletal and smooth muscle contraction, production of energy, the synthesis of nucleic acids, maintenance of blood pressure and normal renal function. This agent has potential antihypertensive effects and when taken as a nutritional supplement may prevent hypokalemia.", "A potassium salt used to replenish ELECTROLYTES, for restoration of WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE, as well as a urinary and systemic alkalizer, which can be administered orally or by intravenous infusion. Formerly, it was used in DIURETICS and EXPECTORANTS."]], ["Sodium Acetate", "CC(=O)[O-].[Na+]", ["Sodium acetate is an organic sodium salt. It contains an acetate.", "Sodium Acetate is chemically designated CH3COONa, a hygroscopic powder very soluble in water. Sodium acetate could be used as additives in food, industry, concrete manufacture, heating pads and in buffer solutions. Medically, sodium acetate is important component as an electrolyte replenisher when given intravenously. It is mainly indicated to correct sodium levels in hyponatremic patients. It can be used also in metabolic acidosis and for urine alkalinization.", "Sodium Acetate Anhydrous is the anhydrous, sodium salt form of acetic acid. Sodium acetate anhydrous disassociates in water to form sodium ions (Na+) and acetate ions. Sodium is the principal cation of the extracellular fluid and plays a large part in fluid and electrolyte replacement therapies. Sodium acetate anhydrous is used as an electrolyte replenisher in isosmotic solution for parenteral replacement of acute losses of extracellular fluid without disturbing normal electrolyte balance.", "The trihydrate sodium salt of acetic acid, which is used as a source of sodium ions in solutions for dialysis and as a systemic and urinary alkalizer, diuretic, and expectorant."]], ["DI-N-Octyl sodium sulfosuccinate", "CCCCCCCCOC(=O)CC(C(=O)OCCCCCCCC)S(=O)(=O)[O-].[Na+]", ["All-purpose surfactant, wetting agent, and solubilizer used in the drug, cosmetics, and food industries. It has also been used in laxatives and as cerumenolytics. It is usually administered as either the calcium, potassium, or sodium salt."]], ["Ammonium Acetate", "CC(=O)[O-].[NH4+]", ["Ammonium acetate appears as a white crystalline solid. The primary hazard is the threat to the environment. Immediate steps should be taken to limit its spread to the environment. It is used in chemical analysis, in pharmaceuticals, in preserving foods, and for other uses.", "Ammonium acetate is an ammonium salt obtained by reaction of ammonia with acetic acid. A deliquescent white crystalline solid, it has a relatively low melting point (114\u2103) for a salt. Used as a food acidity regulator, although no longer approved for this purpose in the EU. It has a role as a food acidity regulator and a buffer. It is an acetate salt and an ammonium salt."]], ["Bentoquatam", "O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Si]=O", ["Bentoquatam is a topical medication intended to act as a shield against exposure to the irritating substance urushiol, found in plants such as poison ivy or poison oak. Bentoquatam contains bentonite, a clay, and is only effective as long as the film is visible on the skin."]], ["CID 517296", "CC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C2=CC(=C(C=C2)N=NC3=C(C4=C(C=C3)C(=CC(=C4N)S(=O)(=O)[O-])S(=O)(=O)[O-])O)C)N=NC5=C(C6=C(C=C5)C(=CC(=C6N)S(=O)(=O)[O-])S(=O)(=O)[O-])O.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+]", ["An azo dye used in blood volume and cardiac output measurement by the dye dilution method. It is very soluble, strongly bound to plasma albumin, and disappears very slowly."]], ["Sodium saccharin dihydrate", "C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C(=O)[N-]S2(=O)=O.O.O.[Na+]", ["Flavoring agent and non-nutritive sweetener."]], ["2,4,5-Trioxa-1,3-diarsabicyclo[1.1.1]pentane", "O1[As]2O[As]1O2", ["Arsenic trioxide is a chemotheraputic agent of idiopathic function used to treat leukemia that is unresponsive to first line agents. It is suspected that arsenic trisulfide induces cancer cells to undergo apoptosis. Due to the toxic nature of arsenic, this drug carries significant health risks. The enzyme thioredoxin reductase has recently been identified as a target for arsenic trioxide."]], ["Etorphine", "CCCC(C)(C1CC23C=CC1(C4C25CCN(C3CC6=C5C(=C(C=C6)O)O4)C)OC)O", ["A narcotic analgesic morphinan used as a sedative in veterinary practice."]], ["Ammonium3-carboxypropanoate", "C(CC(=O)[O-])C(=O)O.[NH4+]", ["A water-soluble, colorless crystal with an acid taste that is used as a chemical intermediate, in medicine, the manufacture of lacquers, and to make perfume esters. It is also used in foods as a sequestrant, buffer, and a neutralizing agent. (Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed, p1099; McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1851)"]], ["Resorcinol, 2-p-mentha-1,8-dien-3-yl-5-pentyl-", "CCCCCC1=CC(=C(C(=C1)O)C2C=C(CCC2C(=C)C)C)O", ["Resorcinol, 2-p-mentha-1,8-dien-3-yl-5-pentyl- is a natural product found in Cannabis sativa with data available.", "Compound isolated from Cannabis sativa extract."]], ["O-Methylhydroxylamine hydrochloride", "CON.Cl", ["O-methylhydroxylamine hydrochloride appears as off-white crystals. (NTP, 1992)", "Methoxyamine Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of methoxyamine, an alkoxyamine with potential chemotherapeutic adjuvant activity. Methoxyamine covalently binds to apurinic/apyrimidinic DNA damage sites and thereby inhibits base excision repair (BER) process, which may prevent repair of DNA strand breaks and result in an induction of apoptosis. This agent may potentiate the anti-tumor activity of alkylating agents."]], ["Oxazolidine", "C1COCN1", ["1,3-oxazolidine is an oxazolidine."]], ["19-Norpregn-4-en-20-yn-3-one, 17-(acetyloxy)-, (17alpha)-", "CC(=O)OC1(CCC2C1(CCC3C2CCC4=CC(=O)CCC34)C)C#C", ["Norethindrone Acetate is the orally bioavailable acetate salt of norethindrone, a synthetic progestin with some anabolic, estrogenic, and androgenic activities. As do all progestins, norethindrone binds to and activates nuclear progesterone receptors (PRs) in target tissues such as the pituitary and reproductive system; ligand-receptor complexes are translocated to the nucleus where they bind to progesterone response elements (PREs) located on target genes, followed by various transcriptional events and histone acetylation. Physiological effects include the inhibition of luteinizing hormone (LH) release, an increase in the endometrial luteal-phase, and alterations in endocervical mucus secretion.", "Acetate ester of norethindrone that is used as a long-term contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS)."]], ["Tyropanoate sodium", "CCCC(=O)NC1=C(C=C(C(=C1I)CC(CC)C(=O)[O-])I)I.[Na+]", ["Tyropanoate sodium is a member of benzenes and a monocarboxylic acid.", "A diagnostic aid as a radiopaque medium in cholecystography."]], ["1-O-{13-[(2-O-hexopyranosylhexopyranosyl)oxy]-18-oxokaur-16-en-18-yl}hexopyranose", "CC12CCCC(C1CCC34C2CCC(C3)(C(=C)C4)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)CO)O)O)O)(C)C(=O)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O", ["1-O-{13-[(2-O-hexopyranosylhexopyranosyl)oxy]-18-oxokaur-16-en-18-yl}hexopyranose is a natural product found in Stevia rebaudiana with data available."]], ["CID 548262", "CCN(CC)C(=S)[S-].CCN(CC)C(=S)[S-].[Zn+2]", ["Ditiocarb zinc, also known as Diethyldithiocarbamic acid zinc salt, is a known chelator for copper and zinc. It also a dermatological sensitizer and allergen. Sensitivity to ditiocarb zinc may be identified with a clinical patch test."]], ["2-[3-[(4-Amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl]-4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-3-ium-5-yl]ethanol;hydrochloride", "CC1=C(SC=[N+]1CC2=CN=C(N=C2N)C)CCO.Cl", ["3-((4-Amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl)-5-(2- hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazolium chloride."]], ["Betamethasone-17-valerate", "CCCCC(=O)OC1(C(CC2C1(CC(C3(C2CCC4=CC(=O)C=CC43C)F)O)C)C)C(=O)CO", ["The 17-valerate derivative of BETAMETHASONE. It has substantial topical anti-inflammatory activity and relatively low systemic anti-inflammatory activity."]], ["Tridesilon", "CC1(OC2CC3C4CCC5=CC(=O)C=CC5(C4C(CC3(C2(O1)C(=O)CO)C)O)C)C", ["A nonfluorinated corticosteroid anti-inflammatory agent used topically for DERMATOSES."]], ["Alkergot", "CCC(C)(C)C1C(=O)N2CCCC2C3(N1C(=O)C(O3)(C(C)C)NC(=O)C4CC5C(CC6=CNC7=CC=CC5=C67)N(C4)C)O", ["Alkergot is a peptide ergot alkaloid."]], ["3,17-dihydroxy-17-(2-hydroxyacetyl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,12,14,15,16-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-11-one", "CC12CCC(CC1CCC3C2C(=O)CC4(C3CCC4(C(=O)CO)O)C)O", ["3beta,5beta-tetrahydrocortisone is a 21-hydroxy steroid."]], ["Butanamide, N-phenyl-N-[1-(2-phenylethyl)-4-piperidinyl]-", "CCCC(=O)N(C1CCN(CC1)CCC2=CC=CC=C2)C3=CC=CC=C3", ["Butyrfentanyl or butyrylfentanyl (not to be confused with 3-methylfentanyl) is a potent short-acting synthetic opioid analgesic drug. It is an analog of [fentanyl] with roughly 1/30 the potency. Butyrfentanyl was first synthesized in 1961 by Janssen Pharmaceuticals as a new opioid analgesic.  Butyrfentanyl has no current legitimate clinical applications, but anecdotal reports indicate it may occasionally be surfacing on the grey-market as a recreational drug. This compound is a schedule I controlled substance in the USA because it is a positional isomer of 3-Methylfentanyl.  The DEA in the United States has confirmed at least 40 fatalities involving butyrfentanyl before May 2016."]], ["Chromax", "C1=CC=NC(=C1)C(=O)O.C1=CC=NC(=C1)C(=O)O.C1=CC=NC(=C1)C(=O)O.[Cr]", ["Chromium Picolinate is chromium Piccolinate is a salt of the trace metallic element chromium (Cr), essential in glucose metabolism. Found in vitamins and mineral supplements, Chromium may be necessary for utilization of dietary sugars and carbohydrates by optimizing the effects of insulin. Animal studies suggest that chromium picolinate may be carcinogenic, it enters cells directly and can causes mutations. (NCI04)"]], ["Pregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione, 9-fluoro-11,21-dihydroxy-16,17-[(1-methylethylidene)bis(oxy)]-, (11beta,16alpha)-", "CC1(OC2CC3C4CCC5=CC(=O)C=CC5(C4(C(CC3(C2(O1)C(=O)CO)C)O)F)C)C", ["An esterified form of TRIAMCINOLONE. It is an anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. Intralesional, intramuscular, and intra-articular injections are also administered under certain conditions."]], ["Urea C-13", "[13C](=O)(N)N", ["((13)C)urea is a (13)C-modified compound that is urea in which the carbon is present as its (13)C isotope. It is a (13)C-modified compound and a one-carbon compound.", "Urea 13C is a urea molecule radiolabelled with the non-radioactive element carbon-13. It is currently used for the Urea Breath Test (UBT) and is available as a rapid diagnostic test (marketed as Pranactin-Citric) for the detection of Helicobacter pylori infections. H pylori is a common stomach bacteria that has been linked to a variety of upper gastrointestinal disorders such as gastritis, gastric and peptic ulcers, stomach cancer, and gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid-tissue (MALT) lymphoma. The UBT is indicated to confirm H. pylori infection and to monitor post-treatment for its eradication.   Radiolabelled urea is available in two forms as 13C and 14C. Both forms can be used within the Urea Breath Test, however some may prefer 13C as it is non-radioactive compared to 14C, which may be preferable in pregnant women and children.  The Urea Breath Test is based on the ability of the H. pylori enzyme urease to cleave urea into ammonia and carbon dioxide. As the urease enzyme is not present in mammalian cells, the presence of urease (and the products of urea cleavage) in the stomach is evidence that H. pylori bacteria are present.  To detect H. pylori, urea labeled with 13C is swallowed by the patient. If gastric urease from H. pylori is present, urea is split to form CO2 and NH3 at the interface between the gastric epithelium and lumen and 13CO2 is absorbed into the blood and exhaled in the breath. Exhaled breath samples can then be collected and measured for the presence of radioactivity.", "Urea c-13 is a Helicobacter pylori Diagnostic.", "Urea C-13 is a radiolabelled urea molecule used to diagnose stomach ulcers caused by Heliobacter pylori. In the presence of H. pylori, urea C-13 is metabolized by urease to produce ammonia and radioactive carbon dioxide at the interface between the gastric epithelium and lumen. The radioactive carbon dioxide is absorbed in the blood and is detected when exhaled in the breath."]], ["Isepacin", "C[C@@]1(CO[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]1NC)O)O[C@H]2[C@@H](C[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]2O)O[C@@H]3[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O3)CN)O)O)O)N)NC(=O)[C@H](CN)O)O.OS(=O)(=O)O", ["Isepamicin sulfate is an aminoglycoside sulfate salt. It is functionally related to an isepamicin."]], ["Olanexidine", "CCCCCCCCN=C(N)NC(=NCC1=CC(=C(C=C1)Cl)Cl)N", ["Olanexidine is a dichlorobenzene."]], ["(7S,9S)-7-[(2R,4S,5S,6S)-4-amino-6-methyl-5-[(2S)-oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-6,9,11-trihydroxy-9-(2-hydroxyacetyl)-4-methoxy-8,10-dihydro-7H-tetracene-5,12-dione", "C[C@H]1[C@H]([C@H](C[C@@H](O1)O[C@H]2C[C@@](CC3=C2C(=C4C(=C3O)C(=O)C5=C(C4=O)C(=CC=C5)OC)O)(C(=O)CO)O)N)O[C@H]6CCCCO6", ["Pirarubicin is an anthracycline.", "Pirarubicin is an analogue of the anthracycline antineoplastic antibiotic doxorubicin.  Pirarubicin intercalates into DNA and interacts with topoisomerase II, thereby inhibiting DNA replication and repair and RNA and protein synthesis.  This agent is less cardiotoxic than doxorubicin and exhibits activity against some doxorubicin-resistant cell lines. (NCI04)"]], ["Carbenoxolone sodium", "C[C@]12CC[C@](C[C@H]1C3=CC(=O)[C@@H]4[C@]5(CC[C@@H](C([C@@H]5CC[C@]4([C@@]3(CC2)C)C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCC(=O)[O-])C)(C)C(=O)[O-].[Na+].[Na+]", ["Carbenoxolone sodium is a triterpenoid.", "An agent derived from licorice root. It is used for the treatment of digestive tract ulcers, especially in the stomach. Antidiuretic side effects are frequent, but otherwise the drug is low in toxicity."]], ["Carbenoxolone", "C[C@]12CC[C@](C[C@H]1C3=CC(=O)[C@@H]4[C@]5(CC[C@@H](C([C@@H]5CC[C@]4([C@@]3(CC2)C)C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCC(=O)O)C)(C)C(=O)O", ["An agent derived from licorice root. It is used for the treatment of digestive tract ulcers, especially in the stomach. Antidiuretic side effects are frequent, but otherwise the drug is low in toxicity."]], ["Cefpiramide", "CC1=CC(=O)C(=CN1)C(=O)N[C@H](C2=CC=C(C=C2)O)C(=O)N[C@H]3[C@@H]4N(C3=O)C(=C(CS4)CSC5=NN=NN5C)C(=O)O", ["Cefpiramide is a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with [(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)sulfanyl]methyl and (R)-2-{[(4-hydroxy-6-methylpyridin-3-yl)carbonyl]amino}-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. It has a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity. It has a role as an antibacterial drug. It is a cephalosporin and a carboxylic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a cefpiramide(1-).", "Cefpiramide is a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic.", "Cefpiramide is a third-generation, semi-synthetic, beta-lactam cephalosporin antibiotic with antibacterial activity. Cefpiramide binds to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), transpeptidases that are responsible for crosslinking of peptidoglycan. By preventing crosslinking of peptidoglycan, cell wall integrity is lost and cell wall synthesis is halted."]], ["Iodipamide meglumine", "CNC[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](CO)O)O)O)O.CNC[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](CO)O)O)O)O.C1=C(C(=C(C(=C1I)NC(=O)CCCCC(=O)NC2=C(C=C(C(=C2I)C(=O)O)I)I)I)C(=O)O)I", ["Iodipamide Meglumine is the meglumine salt form of iodipamide, a tri-iodinated benzoate derivative and an ionic dimeric contrast agent used in diagnostic imaging. When administered in vivo, iodipamide is removed from the liver and secreted into the biliary tract. Like other organic iodine compounds, this agent blocks x-ray and appears opaque on x-ray film; thereby it enhances the visibility of the bile ducts and gallbladder during cholangiography and cholecystography procedures."]], ["Iodofiltic acid (123I)", "CC(CCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC=C(C=C1)[123I])CC(=O)O", ["I-123 BMIPP is a long-chain fatty acid."]], ["Cyclooctatetraene", "C\\1=C\\C=C/C=C\\C=C1", ["Cyclooctatetraene appears as a colorless liquid. May irritate skin and eyes. Less dense than water and insoluble in water. Vapors heavier than air. Used to make rubber.", "[8]annulene is an antiaromatic annulene that is cyclooctane having four double bonds at positions 1, 3, 5 and 7."]], ["(-)-Coniine", "CCC[C@@H]1CCCCN1", ["(-)-Coniine is a natural product found in Aloe globuligemma, Conium maculatum, and other organisms with data available."]], ["Piperine", "C1CCN(CC1)C(=O)/C=C/C=C/C2=CC3=C(C=C2)OCO3", ["Piperine is a N-acylpiperidine that is piperidine substituted by a (1E,3E)-1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-5-oxopenta-1,3-dien-5-yl group at the nitrogen atom. It is an alkaloid isolated from the plant Piper nigrum. It has a role as a NF-kappaB inhibitor, a plant metabolite, a food component and a human blood serum metabolite. It is a member of benzodioxoles, a N-acylpiperidine, a piperidine alkaloid and a tertiary carboxamide. It is functionally related to an (E,E)-piperic acid.", "Bioperine has been used in trials studying the treatment of Multiple Myeloma and Deglutition Disorders.", "Piperine is a natural product found in Macropiper, Piper boehmeriifolium, and other organisms with data available."]], ["Retinyl acetate", "CC1=C(C(CCC1)(C)C)/C=C/C(=C/C=C/C(=C/COC(=O)C)/C)/C", ["Retinyl acetate is an acetate ester. It is functionally related to an all-trans-retinol.", "Retinyl Acetate is a naturally-occurring fatty acid ester form of retinol (vitamin A) with potential antineoplastic and chemopreventive activities.  Retinyl acetate binds to and activates retinoid receptors, inducing cell differentiation and decreasing cell proliferation.  This agent also inhibits carcinogen-induced neoplastic transformation in some cancer cell types and exhibits immunomodulatory properties. (NCI04)"]], ["Lopac-S-1875", "CN1[C@@H]2CC(C[C@H]1[C@@H]3[C@H]2O3)OC(=O)[C@@H](CO)C4=CC=CC=C4", ["Scopolamine is a tropane alkaloid derived from plants of the nightshade family (Solanaceae), specifically Hyoscyamus niger and Atropa belladonna, with anticholinergic, antiemetic and antivertigo properties. Structurally similar to acetylcholine, scopolamine antagonizes acetylcholine activity mediated by muscarinic receptors located on structures innervated by postganglionic cholinergic nerves as well as on smooth muscles that respond to acetylcholine but lack cholinergic innervation. The agent is used to cause mydriasis, cycloplegia, to control the secretion of saliva and gastric acid, to slow gut motility, and prevent vomiting.", "An alkaloid from SOLANACEAE, especially DATURA and SCOPOLIA. Scopolamine and its quaternary derivatives act as antimuscarinics like ATROPINE, but may have more central nervous system effects. Its many uses include an anesthetic premedication, the treatment of URINARY INCONTINENCE and MOTION SICKNESS, an antispasmodic, and a mydriatic and cycloplegic."]], ["Rosmarinate", "C1=CC(=C(C=C1C[C@@H](C(=O)O)OC(=O)/C=C/C2=CC(=C(C=C2)O)O)O)O", ["(S)-rosmarinic acid is the (S)-stereoisomer of rosmarinic acid. It is an enantiomer of a (R)-rosmarinic acid.", "Rosmarinate is a natural product found in Nepeta italica, Brainea insignis, and other organisms with data available."]], ["Xanthohumol", "CC(=CCC1=C(C(=C(C=C1O)OC)C(=O)/C=C/C2=CC=C(C=C2)O)O)C", ["Xanthohumol is a member of the class of chalcones that is trans-chalcone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4, 2' and 4', a methoxy group at position 6' and a prenyl group at position 3'. Isolated from Humulus lupulus, it induces apoptosis in human malignant glioblastoma cells. It has a role as a metabolite, an apoptosis inducer, an antineoplastic agent, an antiviral agent, an EC 2.3.1.20 (diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase) inhibitor and an anti-HIV-1 agent. It is a member of chalcones, a polyphenol and an aromatic ether. It is a conjugate acid of a xanthohumol(1-).", "Xanthohumol is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01367431 (Xanthohumol and Metabolic Syndrome).", "Xanthohumol is a natural product found in Humulus lupulus and Capsicum annuum with data available.", "Xanthohumol is a prenylated flavonoid derived from the female flowers of the hops plant (Humulus lupulus L), with potential chemopreventive and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, xanthohumol scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby preventing DNA damage due to oxidative stress. In addition, xanthohumol is able to increase the expression of phase II cytoprotective enzymes, thereby inactivating carcinogens. This agent exerts anti-inflammatory activity, through the inhibition of inflammation-inducing enzymes, inhibits DNA synthesis, and induces apoptosis of susceptible cancer cells. Xanthohumol also decreases the expression of C-X-C chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4), thereby preventing cancer cell invasion."]], ["Picibanil", "CC1([C@@H](N2[C@H](S1)[C@@H](C2=O)NC(=O)CC3=CC=CC=C3)C(=O)[O-])C", ["Benzylpenicillin(1-) is a penicillinate anion. It is a conjugate base of a benzylpenicillin.", "Picibanil is a lyophilized formulation containing cultures of a low-virulent strain of Streptococcus pyogenes, treated and killed with penicillin G, with potential sclerosing, immunostimulating and antineoplastic activity. Besides from picibanil's direct damaging effect as a sclerosing agent, it seems to have multiple effects on the immune system as a non-specific immunostimulant.  Picibanil activates the host immune system by stimulating the activity of natural killer cells, macrophages and lymphocytes, and by enhancing the production of several key immune mediators, including interleukins and tumor necrosis factor.", "A lyophilized preparation of a low-virulence strain (SU) of Streptococcus pyogenes (S. hemolyticus), inactivated by heating with penicillin G. It has been proposed as a noncytotoxic antineoplastic agent because of its immune system-stimulating activity."]], ["Flavin adenine dinucleotide", "CC1=CC2=C(C=C1C)N(C3=NC(=O)NC(=O)C3=N2)C[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](COP(=O)(O)OP(=O)(O)OC[C@@H]4[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O4)N5C=NC6=C(N=CN=C65)N)O)O)O)O)O", ["FAD is a flavin adenine dinucleotide in which the substituent at position 10 of the flavin nucleus is a 5'-adenosyldiphosphoribityl group. It has a role as a human metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite, a mouse metabolite, a prosthetic group and a cofactor. It is a vitamin B2 and a flavin adenine dinucleotide. It is a conjugate acid of a FAD(3-).", "A condensation product of riboflavin and adenosine diphosphate. The coenzyme of various aerobic dehydrogenases, e.g., D-amino acid oxidase and L-amino acid oxidase. (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p972) Flavin adenine dinucleotide is approved for use in Japan under the trade name Adeflavin as an ophthalmic treatment for vitamin B2 deficiency.", "Flavin adenine dinucleotide is a natural product found in Bacillus subtilis, Eremothecium ashbyi, and other organisms with data available.", "FAD is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.", "A condensation product of riboflavin and adenosine diphosphate. The coenzyme of various aerobic dehydrogenases, e.g., D-amino acid oxidase and L-amino acid oxidase. (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p972)"]], ["Flavin mononucleotide", "CC1=CC2=C(C=C1C)N(C3=NC(=O)NC(=O)C3=N2)C[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](COP(=O)(O)O)O)O)O", ["FMN is a flavin mononucleotide that is riboflavin (vitamin B2) in which the primary hydroxy group has been converted to its dihydrogen phosphate ester. It has a role as a coenzyme, a bacterial metabolite, a human metabolite, a mouse metabolite and a cofactor. It is a vitamin B2 and a flavin mononucleotide. It is a conjugate acid of a FMN(3-).", "A coenzyme for a number of oxidative enzymes including NADH DEHYDROGENASE. It is the principal form in which RIBOFLAVIN is found in cells and tissues.", "Flavin Mononucleotide is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).", "Riboflavin 5'-phosphate is a Photoenhancer. The mechanism of action of riboflavin 5'-phosphate is as a Photoabsorption. The physiologic effect of riboflavin 5'-phosphate is by means of Photosensitizing Activity.", "Flavin mononucleotide is a natural product found in Thalassiosira pseudonana, Arabidopsis thaliana, and other organisms with data available.", "Flavin Mononucleotide is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.", "A coenzyme for a number of oxidative enzymes including NADH DEHYDROGENASE. It is the principal form in which RIBOFLAVIN is found in cells and tissues."]], ["(R)-Ketamine", "CN[C@]1(CCCCC1=O)C2=CC=CC=C2Cl", ["(R)-ketamine is the R- (less active) enantiomer of ketamine. It has a role as an intravenous anaesthetic, an analgesic and a NMDA receptor antagonist. It is an enantiomer of an esketamine."]], ["19-Propylorvinol", "CCC[C@](C)([C@H]1C[C@@]23C=C[C@@]1([C@H]4[C@@]25CCN([C@@H]3CC6=C5C(=C(C=C6)O)O4)C)OC)O", ["Etorphine is an alcohol and a morphinane alkaloid. It has a role as an opioid analgesic, a sedative and an opioid receptor agonist.", "A narcotic analgesic morphinan used as a sedative in veterinary practice."]], ["4-Benzyl-1-(beta,4-dihydroxy-alpha-methylphenethyl)piperidinium hydrogen tartrate", "CC(C(C1=CC=C(C=C1)O)O)N2CCC(CC2)CC3=CC=CC=C3.CC(C(C1=CC=C(C=C1)O)O)N2CCC(CC2)CC3=CC=CC=C3.[C@@H]([C@H](C(=O)O)O)(C(=O)O)O", ["Ifenprodil tartrate is a member of piperidines."]], ["Buscopan (TN)", "CCCC[N+]1([C@@H]2CC(C[C@H]1C3C2O3)OC(=O)[C@H](CO)C4=CC=CC=C4)C.[Br-]", ["Butylscopolamine Bromide is an orally available bromide salt form of butylscopolamine, a quaternary ammonium derivative of the alkaloid scopolamine, with anticholinergic property. Upon oral administration, hyoscine butylbromide binds to and blocks muscarinic receptors located on postganglionic parasympathetic nerve endings and on smooth muscle cells. This blocks the activity of acetylcholine (Ach) and causes its antispasmodic effect in the gastrointestinal (GI), urinary, uterine, and biliary tracts. This agent may also facilitate radiologic visualization of the GI tract."]], ["Bucillamine", "CC(C)(C(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)O)S", ["Bucillamine is an organic molecular entity.", "Bucillamine has been used in trials studying the treatment and prevention of Gout and Rheumatoid Arthritis.", "Bucillamine is an orally bioavailable derivative of the endogenous amino acid cysteine with two donatable thiol groups, with potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Upon oral administration, bucillamine enters cells rapidly via the same pathway as cysteine and replenishes the thiol group in glutathione (GSH), thereby increasing intracellular GSH levels and GSH activity. GSH is an antioxidant and plays an important protective role in oxidative stress and injury. Bucillamine may have additional anti-inflammatory effects, though the mechanisms of action have yet to be fully elucidated."]], ["Omapatrilat", "C1C[C@H](N2[C@H](C1)SCC[C@@H](C2=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC3=CC=CC=C3)S)C(=O)O", ["Omapatrilat is a dipeptide.", "Omapatrilat is an investigational drug that inhibits both neutral endopeptidase (NEP) and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE). The inhibition of NEP elevates natriuretic peptide levels, increasing excretion of sodium in urine, dilating blood vessels, and reducing preload and ventricular remodeling. This drug from BMS was not approved by the FDA due to angioedema safety concerns.", "Omapatrilat is a vasopeptidase inhibitor with antihypertensive activity. Omapatrilat exerts its effect by inhibiting angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and neutral endopeptidase (NEP). ACE inhibition results in inhibition of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system thereby leading to the reduction of vasoconstriction. Inhibition of NEP leads to the inhibition of hydrolyzation of a number of endogenous vasoactive peptides, such as bradykinin and substance P and as NEP is the principal enzyme degrading natriuretic peptides, NEP inhibition also results in an increase in natriuretic peptidase circulation. Ultimately both effects result in blood vessel relaxation."]], ["Ferric gluconate", "C([C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](C(=O)[O-])O)O)O)O)O.C([C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](C(=O)[O-])O)O)O)O)O.C([C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](C(=O)[O-])O)O)O)O)O.[Fe+3]", ["Ferric gluconate is a polymer."]], ["Oxtriphylline", "CN1C(=C2C(=NC=N2)N(C1=O)C)[O-].C[N+](C)(C)CCO", ["Oxtriphylline is the choline salt form of [theophylline]. Once in the body, theophylline is released and acts as a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, adenosine receptor blocker, and histone deacetylase activator. Its main physiological reponse is to dilate the bronchioles. As such, oxytriphylline is indicated mainly for asthma, bronchospasm, and COPD (i.e. all the same indications as the other theophyllines). It is marketed under the name Choledyl SA, and several forms of oxytriphylline have been discontinued. In the US, oxtriphylline is no longer available.", "Oxtriphylline is the choline salt of theophylline with an anti-asthmatic property. Oxtriphylline appears to inhibit phosphodiesterase and prostaglandin production, regulates calcium flux and intracellular calcium distribution, and antagonizes adenosine. Physiologically, this agent causes relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle, produces vasodilation (except in cerebral vessels), stimulates cardiac muscle, as well as induces diuresis and gastric acid secretion. It may also suppress inflammation and improve contractility of the diaphragm."]], ["Tropisetron", "CN1[C@@H]2CC[C@H]1CC(C2)OC(=O)C3=CNC4=CC=CC=C43", ["Tropisetron is an indolyl carboxylate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of indole-3-carboxylic acid with the hydroxy group of tropine. It has a role as a serotonergic antagonist, an antiemetic, a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist, a trypanocidal drug, an immunomodulator, a neuroprotective agent, an apoptosis inhibitor and an anti-inflammatory agent. It is an indolyl carboxylate ester, an azabicycloalkane and a tertiary amino compound. It is functionally related to an indole-3-carboxylic acid and a tropine. It is a conjugate base of a tropisetron(1+).", "Tropisetron is an indole derivative with antiemetic activity. As a selective serotonin receptor antagonist, tropisetron competitively blocks the action of serotonin at 5HT3 receptors, resulting in suppression of chemotherapy- and radiotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting.  Tropisetron appears to be well tolerated with the most frequently reported adverse effect being headache. Extrapyramidal side effects are rare upon using tropisetron.", "Tropisetron is an indole derivative with antiemetic activity.  As a selective serotonin receptor antagonist, tropisetron competitively blocks the action of serotonin at 5HT3 receptors, resulting in suppression of chemotherapy-and radiotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. (NCI04)", "An indole derivative and 5-HT3 RECEPTOR antagonist that is used for the prevention of nausea and vomiting."]], ["Atropine sulfate monohydrate", "CN1[C@@H]2CC[C@H]1CC(C2)OC(=O)C(CO)C3=CC=CC=C3.CN1[C@@H]2CC[C@H]1CC(C2)OC(=O)C(CO)C3=CC=CC=C3.O.OS(=O)(=O)O", ["Atropine Sulfate is the sulfate salt of atropine, a naturally-occurring alkaloid isolated from the plant Atropa belladonna.  Atropine functions as a sympathetic, competitive antagonist of muscarinic cholinergic receptors, thereby abolishing the effects of parasympathetic stimulation.  This agent may induce tachycardia, inhibit secretions, and relax smooth muscles. (NCI04)"]], ["Amrinone lactate", "C1=CN=CC=C1C2=CNC(=O)C(=C2)N.C(CO)C(=O)O", ["Amrinone lactate is a polymer."]], ["Geodon", "CS(=O)(=O)O.C1CN(CCN1CCC2=C(C=C3C(=C2)CC(=O)N3)Cl)C4=NSC5=CC=CC=C54.O.O.O", ["Ziprasidone mesylate trihydrate is the methanesulfonate trihydrate salt of ziprasidone. It is a hydrate and a methanesulfonate salt. It contains a ziprasidone.", "Ziprasidone Mesylate is the mesylate salt form of ziprasidone, a benzothiazolylpiperazine derivative and an atypical antipsychotic agent with an antischizophrenic property. Ziprasidone mesylate functions as an antagonist at the dopamine D2 and serotonin 5-HT2A and 5-HT1D receptors, and as an agonist at the 5-HT1A receptor. Ziprasidone mesylate also inhibits the synaptic reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine. The mechanism of action by which ziprasidone mesylate exerts its antischizophrenic effect is unknown but is potentially mediated through a combination of dopamine D2 and serotonin 5-HT2 antagonism. This agent also has antagonistic activity against histamine H1 and alpha-1-adrenergic receptors."]], ["Pentazocine lactate", "C[C@H]1[C@H]2CC3=C([C@@]1(CCN2CC=C(C)C)C)C=C(C=C3)O.CC(C(=O)O)O", ["The first mixed agonist-antagonist analgesic to be marketed. It is an agonist at the kappa and sigma opioid receptors and has a weak antagonist action at the mu receptor. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1991, p97)"]], ["Dexamethasone acefurate", "C[C@@H]1C[C@H]2[C@@H]3CCC4=CC(=O)C=C[C@@]4([C@]3([C@H](C[C@@]2([C@]1(C(=O)COC(=O)C)OC(=O)C5=CC=CO5)C)O)F)C", ["Dexamethasone acefurate is a corticosteroid hormone."]], ["Sennoside", "C1=CC2=C(C(=C1)O[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O3)CO)O)O)O)C(=O)C4=C(C2C5C6=C(C(=CC=C6)O[C@H]7[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O7)CO)O)O)O)C(=O)C8=C5C=C(C=C8O)C(=O)O)C=C(C=C4O)C(=O)O", ["Sennoside is a diastereoisomeric mixture containing sennoside A and sennoside B that is used as a laxative and cathartic. Its components are found in senna (Senna alexandrina, also known as Cassia angustifolia), where sennoside A and sennoside B are present in equal amounts, and in rhubarbs (Rheum rhabarbarum), where sennoside A predominates. It has a role as a laxative and a cathartic. It contains a sennoside A and a sennoside B.", "Medications derived from SENNA EXTRACT that are used to treat CONSTIPATION."]], ["Ticarcillin disodium salt", "CC1([C@@H](N2[C@H](S1)[C@@H](C2=O)NC(=O)C(C3=CSC=C3)C(=O)[O-])C(=O)[O-])C.[Na+].[Na+]", ["Ticarcillin Disodium is the disodium salt form of ticarcillin, a broad-spectrum, semi-synthetic penicillin antibiotic with bactericidal and beta-lactamase resistant activity. Similar to carbenicillin in action, ticarcillin inactivates the penicillin-sensitive transpeptidase C-terminal domain by opening the lactam ring. This inactivation prevents the cross-linkage of peptidoglycan strands, thereby inhibiting the third and last stage of bacterial cell wall synthesis. This leads to incomplete bacterial cell wall synthesis and eventually causes cell lysis.", "An antibiotic derived from penicillin similar to CARBENICILLIN in action."]], ["Dipotassium glycyrrhizinate", "C[C@]12CC[C@](C[C@H]1C3=CC(=O)[C@@H]4[C@]5(CC[C@@H](C([C@@H]5CC[C@]4([C@@]3(CC2)C)C)(C)C)O[C@@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)C(=O)[O-])O)O)O[C@H]7[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O7)C(=O)[O-])O)O)O)C)(C)C(=O)O.[K+].[K+]", ["Glycyrrhizinate dipotassium is an organic molecular entity.", "A widely used anti-inflammatory agent isolated from the licorice root. It is metabolized to GLYCYRRHETINIC ACID, which inhibits 11-BETA-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASES and other enzymes involved in the metabolism of CORTICOSTEROIDS. Therefore, glycyrrhizic acid, which is the main and sweet component of licorice, has been investigated for its ability to cause hypermineralocorticoidism with sodium retention and potassium loss, edema, increased blood pressure, as well as depression of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system."]], ["3-[(1R)-1-hydroxy-2-(methylamino)ethyl]phenol hydrochloride", "[H+].CNC[C@@H](C1=CC(=CC=C1)O)O.[Cl-]", ["Phenylephrine hydrochloride is a hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride salt of phenylephrine. It contains a phenylephrine(1+).", "An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist used as a mydriatic, nasal decongestant, and cardiotonic agent.", "See also: Phenylephrine Hydrochloride (preferred)."]], ["Promethazine HCI", "[H+].CC(CN1C2=CC=CC=C2SC3=CC=CC=C31)N(C)C.[Cl-]", ["See also: Promethazine Hydrochloride (preferred)."]], ["Choline Alfoscerate", "C[N+](C)(C)CCOP(=O)([O-])OC[C@@H](CO)O", ["Choline alfoscerate is a member of the class of phosphocholines that is the choline ester of sn-glycero-3-phosphate. It is one of the major osmolyte in the renal medullary cells. It has a role as a parasympatholytic, a neuroprotective agent, a human metabolite, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a member of sn-glycerol 3-phosphates and a member of phosphocholines.", "Glycerophosphocholine is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).", "sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).", "Choline Alfoscerate is a natural product found in Euglena gracilis, Arabidopsis thaliana, and other organisms with data available.", "A component of PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINES or LECITHINS, in which the two hydroxy groups of GLYCEROL are esterified with fatty acids. (From Stedman, 26th ed)"]], ["Pronestyl", "[H+].CCN(CC)CCNC(=O)C1=CC=C(C=C1)N.[Cl-]", ["Procainamide hydrochloride is a hydrochloride which has procainamide as the amino component. It has a role as an anti-arrhythmia drug. It contains a procainamide.", "A class Ia antiarrhythmic drug that is structurally-related to PROCAINE."]], ["Scopolamine methyl nitrate", "C[N+]1([C@@H]2CC(C[C@H]1[C@H]3[C@@H]2O3)OC(=O)[C@H](CO)C4=CC=CC=C4)C.[N+](=O)([O-])[O-]", ["A muscarinic antagonist used to study binding characteristics of muscarinic cholinergic receptors."]], ["Ipratropium", "CC(C)[N+]1([C@@H]2CC[C@H]1CC(C2)OC(=O)C(CO)C3=CC=CC=C3)C", ["Ipratropium is a propanoate ester, a tropane alkaloid and a quaternary ammonium ion.", "Ipratropium is a quaternary ammonium derivative of [atropine] that acts as an anticholinergic agent. It is commonly administered through inhalation which allows producing a local effect without presenting a significant systemic absorption.  Ipratropium as a therapeutic agent was developed by Boehringer Ingelheim and its first monotherapy product was FDA approved in 1986, while the combination product of ipratropium and [albuterol] was approved in 1996.", "Ipratropium is a synthetic anticholinergic agent that is used as an inhalant for treatment of acute bronchospasm due to chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Ipratropium has not been implicated in causing liver enzyme elevations or clinically apparent acute liver injury.", "Ipratropium is a synthetic derivative of the alkaloid atropine with anticholinergic properties. Ipratropium antagonizes the actions of acetylcholine at parasympathetic postganglionic effector cell junctions. When inhaled, ipratropium binds competitively to cholinergic receptors in the bronchial smooth muscle thereby blocking the bronchoconstrictor actions of the acetylcholine (Ach) mediated vagal impulses. Inhibition of the vagal tone leads to dilation of the large central airways resulting in bronchodilation.", "A muscarinic antagonist structurally related to ATROPINE but often considered safer and more effective for inhalation use. It is used for various bronchial disorders, in rhinitis, and as an antiarrhythmic."]], ["Ticlid", "[H+].C1CN(CC2=C1SC=C2)CC3=CC=CC=C3Cl.[Cl-]", ["Ticlopidine hydrochloride is a hydrochloride. It contains a ticlopidine.", "An effective inhibitor of platelet aggregation commonly used in the placement of STENTS in CORONARY ARTERIES."]], ["Physostigmine salicylate", "C[C@@]12CCN([C@@H]1N(C3=C2C=C(C=C3)OC(=O)NC)C)C.C1=CC=C(C(=C1)C(=O)O)O", ["Crystal form that turns red on exposure to heat or light. (EPA, 1998)", "Physostigmine salicylate is an azaheterocycle salicylate salt and a member of salicylates. It contains a physostigmine."]], ["Vesamicol", "C1CC[C@H]([C@@H](C1)N2CCC(CC2)C3=CC=CC=C3)O", ["(1R,2R)-2-(4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)-1-cyclohexanol is a member of piperidines.", "Copper(II) hydroxide sulfate is a chemical compound of copper. Copper is a chemical element with the symbol Cu and atomic number 29. Copper is an essential elements in plants and animals as it is required for the normal functioning of more than 30 enzymes. It occurs naturally throughout the environment in rocks, soil, water, and air. (L277, L278)"]], ["Protionamide", "CCCC1=NC=CC(=C1)C(=S)N", ["Prothionamide is a member of pyridines.", "Prothionamide has been used in trials studying the treatment of MDR-TB and HIV Infections.", "Protionamide is a thioamide derivative with antitubercular activity. Protionamide forms a covalent adduct with bacterial nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), PTH-NAD, which competitively inhibits 2-trans-enoyl-ACP reductase (inhA), an enzyme essential for mycolic acid synthesis. This results in increased cell wall permeability and decreased resistance against cell injury eventually leading to cell lysis. Mycolic acids, long-chain fatty acids, are essential mycobacterial cell wall components and play a key role in resistance to cell injury and mycobacterial virulence.", "Antitubercular agent similar in action and side effects to ETHIONAMIDE. It is used mostly in combination with other agents."]], ["Diamicron", "CC1=CC=C(C=C1)S(=O)(=O)NC(=O)NN2C[C@H]3CCC[C@H]3C2", ["Gliclazide is a short-acting, relatively high-potency, second-generation sulfonylurea compound with hypoglycemic activity. Gliclazide also increases peripheral insulin sensitivity. This agent is metabolized by CYP2C9.", "An oral sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent which stimulates insulin secretion."]], ["Chlorprothixen", "CN(C)CC/C=C/1\\C2=CC=CC=C2SC3=C1C=C(C=C3)Cl", ["Chlorprothixene is a member of thioxanthenes, a tertiary amino compound and an organochlorine compound. It has a role as a non-narcotic analgesic, an antiemetic, a sedative, a cholinergic antagonist, a dopaminergic antagonist and a first generation antipsychotic. It is a conjugate base of a chlorprothixene(1+).", "Chlorprothixene is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a typical antipsychotic drug of the thioxanthene (tricyclic) class. Chlorprothixene exerts strong blocking effects by blocking the 5-HT2 D1, D2, D3, histamine H1, muscarinic and alpha1 adrenergic receptors. Chlorprothixene blocks postsynaptic mesolimbic dopaminergic D1 and D2 receptors in the brain; depresses the release of hypothalamic and hypophyseal hormones and is believed to depress the reticular activating system thus affecting basal metabolism, body temperature, wakefulness, vasomotor tone, and emesis.", "A thioxanthine with effects similar to the phenothiazine antipsychotics."]], ["Cidoxepin", "CN(C)CC/C=C\\1/C2=CC=CC=C2COC3=CC=CC=C31", ["Doxepin is a dibenzooxepine that is 6,11-dihydrodibenzo[b,e]oxepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propylidene group at position 11. It is used as an antidepressant drug. It has a role as an antidepressant. It is a dibenzooxepine and a tertiary amino compound.", "Doxepin is a psychotropic agent with antidepressant and anxiolytic properties. It is a tertiary amine that can be presented as (E) and (Z) stereoisomers with the (Z) stereoisomer corresponding to [cidoxepin]. Doxepin commonly produces a 5:1 (E):(Z) racemic mixture.   In a strict sense, doxepin is not a tricyclic antidepressant but it is commonly associated with the class since it shares a lot of properties with members of the drug family including [amitriptyline], [clomipramine], [desipramine], [imipramine], [nortriptyline], [protriptyline] and [trimipramine].   Doxepin was developed by Pfizer and FDA approved in 1969 as an antidepressant. However, in 2010 it was approved for the treatment of insomnia. The latter indication was presented by Pernix Therapeutics.", "Doxepin is a tricyclic antidepressant that widely used in the therapy of depression. Doxepin can cause mild and transient serum enzyme elevations but is a rare cause of clinically apparent acute cholestatic liver injury.", "Cidoxepin is a psychotropic agent similar to doxepin with potential antianxiety and antidepressant activities. Although its exact mechanism of action has yet to be fully elucidated, cidoxepin may act similarly to doxepin. Cidoxepin may inhibit the reuptake of serotonin and noradrenaline from the synaptic cleft, thereby increasing their activity. This may account for its antianxiety and antidepressant effects.", "Doxepin hydrochloride is a dibenzoxepin-derivative tricyclic antidepressant (TCA). TCAs are structurally similar to phenothiazines. They contain a tricyclic ring system with an alkyl amine substituent on the central ring. In non-depressed individuals, doxepin does not affect mood or arousal, but may cause sedation. In depressed individuals, doxepin exerts a positive effect on mood. TCAs are potent inhibitors of serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake. Tertiary amine TCAs, such as doxepin and amitriptyline, are more potent inhibitors of serotonin reuptake than secondary amine TCAs, such as nortriptyline and desipramine. TCAs also down-regulate cerebral cortical &beta;-adrenergic receptors and sensitize post-synaptic serotonergic receptors with chronic use. The antidepressant effects of TCAs are thought to be due to an overall increase in serotonergic neurotransmission. TCAs also block histamine H<sub>1</sub> receptors, &alpha;<sub>1</sub>-adrenergic receptors and muscarinic receptors, which accounts for their sedative, hypotensive and anticholinergic effects (e.g. blurred vision, dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention), respectively. Doxepin has less sedative and anticholinergic effects than amitriptyline. See toxicity section below for a complete listing of side effects. Doxepin may be used to treat depression and insomnia. Unlabeled indications include chronic and neuropathic pain, and anxiety. Doxepin may also be used as a second line agent to treat idiopathic urticaria. ", "A dibenzoxepin tricyclic compound. It displays a range of pharmacological actions including maintaining adrenergic innervation. Its mechanism of action is not fully understood, but it appears to block reuptake of monoaminergic neurotransmitters into presynaptic terminals. It also possesses anticholinergic activity and modulates antagonism of histamine H(1)- and H(2)-receptors."]], ["Dienestrol", "C/C=C(/C(=C/C)/C1=CC=C(C=C1)O)\\C2=CC=C(C=C2)O", ["Dienestrol is an olefinic compound that is hexa-2,4-diene substituted by 4-hydroxyphenyl groups at positions 3 and 4 respectively. It has a role as a xenoestrogen. It is a member of phenols and an olefinic compound.", "Dienestrol is a synthetic, non-steroidal estrogen. It is an estrogen receptor agonist. Estrogens work partly by increasing a normal clear discharge from the vagina and making the vulva and urethra healthy. Using or applying an estrogen relieves or lessens: dryness and soreness in the vagina, itching, redness, or soreness of the vulva. Conditions that are treated with vaginal estrogens include a genital skin condition (vulvar atrophy), inflammation of the vagina (atrophic vaginitis), and inflammation of the urethra (atrophic urethritis).", "Dienestrol is a natural product found in Magnolia obovata with data available.", "A synthetic, non-steroidal estrogen structurally related to stilbestrol. It is used, usually as the cream, in the treatment of menopausal and postmenopausal symptoms."]], ["Sinequan", "CN(C)CC/C=C/1\\C2=CC=CC=C2COC3=CC=CC=C31", ["Doxepin is a tricyclic antidepressant that widely used in the therapy of depression. Doxepin can cause mild and transient serum enzyme elevations but is a rare cause of clinically apparent acute cholestatic liver injury.", "Doxepin is a dibenzoxepin derivative and tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) with antipruritic, antidepressive and anxiolytic activities. Doxepin blocks the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin (5-HT) into presynaptic terminals thereby prolonging the availability of the monoaminergic neurotransmitters within the synaptic cleft and enhancing their neurotransmission. Doxepin also has antagonistic effects on histamine H1, 5-HT2, alpha-1 adrenergic, and muscarinic receptors. The antipruritic effect of this agent is mediated through inhibition of histamine receptors.", "A dibenzoxepin tricyclic compound. It displays a range of pharmacological actions including maintaining adrenergic innervation. Its mechanism of action is not fully understood, but it appears to block reuptake of monoaminergic neurotransmitters into presynaptic terminals. It also possesses anticholinergic activity and modulates antagonism of histamine H(1)- and H(2)-receptors."]], ["(R)-Etodolac", "CCC1=C2C(=CC=C1)C3=C(N2)[C@@](OCC3)(CC)CC(=O)O", ["(R)-etodolac is the R-enantiomer of etodolac. It is inactive, in contrast to the enantiomer, (S)-etodolac, which is a preferential inhibitor of cyclo-oxygenase 2 and a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory. The racemate is commonly used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, and for the alleviation of postoperative pain. It is an enantiomer of a (S)-etodolac."]], ["Piceatannol", "C1=CC(=C(C=C1/C=C/C2=CC(=CC(=C2)O)O)O)O", ["Piceatannol is a stilbenol that is trans-stilbene in which one of the phenyl groups is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 4, while the other phenyl group is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 5. It has a role as a protein kinase inhibitor, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, an antineoplastic agent, a plant metabolite, a hypoglycemic agent, an apoptosis inducer and a geroprotector. It is a stilbenol, a member of resorcinols, a member of catechols and a polyphenol. It derives from a hydride of a trans-stilbene.", "Piceatannol is a natural product found in Vitis amurensis, Smilax bracteata, and other organisms with data available.", "Piceatannol is a polyhydroxylated stilbene extract from the seeds of Euphorbia lagascae, which inhibits protein tyrosine kinase Syk and induces apoptosis. (NCI)", "Piceatannol is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["1,2,3,4,5,6-Hexahydro-1,5-methano-pyrido[1,2-a][1,5]diazocin-8-one", "C1[C@@H]2CNC[C@H]1C3=CC=CC(=O)N3C2", ["1,2,3,4,5,6-Hexahydro-1,5-methano-pyrido[1,2-a][1,5]diazocin-8-one is a natural product found in Viscum cruciatum, Sophora viciifolia, and other organisms with data available."]], ["Oxilofrine", "C[C@@H]([C@@H](C1=CC=C(C=C1)O)O)NC", ["Oxilofrine is an alkylbenzene.", "Oxilofrine is used in combination with [DB11609] as an antitussive. It is currently marketed in Canada by Valeant under the tradename Cophylac."]], ["(-)-Homatropine", "CN1[C@@H]2CC[C@H]1CC(C2)OC(=O)[C@H](C3=CC=CC=C3)O", ["Homatropine is a synthetic tertiary amine alkaloid with antimuscarinic properties. Homatropine, a competitive inhibitor of acetylcholine at the muscarinic receptor, blocks parasympathetic nerve stimulation."]], ["(S)-(-)-pindolol", "CC(C)NC[C@@H](COC1=CC=CC2=C1C=CN2)O", ["(S)-(-)-pindolol is a pindolol. It is an enantiomer of a (R)-(+)-pindolol."]], ["Levosulpiride", "CCN1CCC[C@H]1CNC(=O)C2=C(C=CC(=C2)S(=O)(=O)N)OC", ["(S)-(-)-sulpiride is an optically active form of sulpiride having (S)-configuration. The active enantiomer of the racemic drug sulpiride. Selective D2-like dopamine antagonist (Ki values are ~ 0.015. ~ 0.013, 1, ~ 45 and ~ 77 muM at D2, D3, D4, D1 and D5 receptors respectively). It has a role as a dopaminergic antagonist, an antidepressant, an antiemetic and an antipsychotic agent. It is an enantiomer of a (R)-(+)-sulpiride."]], ["Benzyl alcohol, alpha-(1-aminoethyl)-2,5-dimethoxy-", "C[C@@H]([C@@H](C1=C(C=CC(=C1)OC)OC)O)N", ["An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist that causes prolonged peripheral VASOCONSTRICTION."]], ["Procaterol", "CC[C@@H]([C@@H](C1=C2C=CC(=O)NC2=C(C=C1)O)O)NC(C)C", ["A long-acting beta-2-adrenergic receptor agonist. It is a potent bronchodilator that may be administered orally or by aerosol inhalation.", "A long-acting beta-2-adrenergic receptor agonist."]], ["(R,S)-Procaterol", "CC[C@H]([C@H](C1=C2C=CC(=O)NC2=C(C=C1)O)O)NC(C)C", ["Procaterol is a member of quinolines.", "A long-acting beta-2-adrenergic receptor agonist."]], ["Ritodrina", "C[C@H]([C@H](C1=CC=C(C=C1)O)O)NCCC2=CC=C(C=C2)O", ["(1S,2R)-ritodrine is a 4-[2-[[1-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-2-yl]amino]ethyl]phenol that has (1S,2R)-configuration. It is an enantiomer of a (1R,2S)-ritodrine.", "Ritodrine is a phenethylamine derivative with tocolytic activity. Ritodrine binds to and activates beta-2 adrenergic receptors of myometrial cells in the uterus, which decreases the intensity and frequency of uterine contractions. Specifically, ritodrine probably activates adenyl cyclase, thereby increasing production of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), which in turn enhances the efflux of calcium from vascular smooth muscle cells. A lack of intracellular calcium prevents uterine myometrial contractions. In addition, this agent may directly inactivate myosin light chain kinase, a critical enzyme necessary for the initiation of muscle contractions.", "An adrenergic beta-2 agonist used to control PREMATURE LABOR."]], ["Pyridine, 2-[1-(4-methylphenyl)-3-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-1-propenyl]-, (E)-", "CC1=CC=C(C=C1)/C(=C/CN2CCCC2)/C3=CC=CC=N3", ["2-[1-(4-methylphenyl)-3-(1-pyrrolidinyl)prop-1-enyl]pyridine is a member of styrenes."]], ["Pyrantel", "CN1CCCN=C1/C=C/C2=CC=CS2", ["Pyrantel is a carboxamidine that is 1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine that is substituted at position 1 by a methyl group and at position 2 by an (E)-2-(2-thienyl)vinyl group. It is used, particularly as the embonate [4,4'-methylenebis(3-hydroxy-2-naphthoate)] salt, as an anthelmintic that is effective against intestinal nematodes including threadworms, roundworms and hookworms, and is included in the WHO 'Model List of Essential Medicines'. It has a role as an antinematodal drug. It is a member of thiophenes, a carboxamidine and a member of 1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidines.", "Pyrantel is a pyrimidine-derivative anthelmintic agent for the oral treatment of various parasitic worm infections including ascariasis, hookworm infections, enterobiasis (pinworm infection), trichostrongyliasis, and trichinellosis.  Pyrantel was initially described in 1965 by researchers from Pfizer who sought cyclic amidines with suitable pharmacokinetic properties (specifically, duration of action) for use as an anthelmintic drug. Pyrantel is mainly available in formulations for dogs and cats as the embonate salt, containing a 34.7% pyrantel base.    Pyrantel is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, which are the safest and most effective medicines required in a functioning health system,.    A depolarizing neuromuscular-blocking agent causing longstanding nicotinic receptor activation, resulting in spastic paralysis of susceptible nematodes (worms). Pyrantel has shown to be effective after a single dose.  In humans, it is administered as pyrantel pamoate,,,.", "Pyrantel is a nonabsorbed anthelmintic agent with activity against intestinal nematodes such as pinworms and roundworms. Pyrantel therapy has not been reported to cause serum aminotransferase elevations or clinically apparent liver injury.", "A depolarizing neuromuscular-blocking agent, that causes persistent nicotinic activation resulting in spastic paralysis of susceptible nematodes. It is a drug of second-choice after benzimidazoles for treatment of ascariasis, hookworm, and pinworm infections, being effective after a single dose. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, p920)"]], ["Lobelin", "CN1[C@H](CCC[C@H]1CC(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2)C[C@@H](C3=CC=CC=C3)O", ["An alkaloid that has actions similar to NICOTINE on nicotinic cholinergic receptors but is less potent. It has been proposed for a variety of therapeutic uses including in respiratory disorders, peripheral vascular disorders, insomnia, and smoking cessation."]], ["Urocanic acid", "C1=C(NC=N1)/C=C/C(=O)O", ["Urocanic acid is an alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid that is prop-2-enoic acid substituted by a 1H-imidazol-4-yl group at position 3. It is a metabolite of hidtidine. It has a role as a chromophore and a human metabolite. It is an alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid and a member of imidazoles. It is a conjugate acid of a urocanate.", "Urocanic acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).", "Urocanic acid is a natural product found in Hippospongia communis, Phaseolus vulgaris, and other organisms with data available.", "4-Imidazoleacrylic acid."]], ["Cotinine", "CN1[C@@H](CCC1=O)C2=CN=CC=C2", ["(-)-cotinine is an N-alkylpyrrolidine that consists of N-methylpyrrolidinone bearing a pyridin-3-yl substituent at position C-5 (the 5S-enantiomer). It is an alkaloid commonly found in Nicotiana tabacum. It has a role as a biomarker, an antidepressant, a plant metabolite and a human xenobiotic metabolite. It is a N-alkylpyrrolidine, a member of pyridines, a pyrrolidine alkaloid and a member of pyrrolidin-2-ones.", "Cotinine is a natural product found in Haloxylon persicum and Nicotiana tabacum with data available.", "Cotinine is the major metabolite of nicotine.", "The N-glucuronide conjugate of cotinine is a major urinary metabolite of NICOTINE. It thus serves as a biomarker of exposure to tobacco SMOKING. It has CNS stimulating properties."]], ["Oxypeucedanin", "CC1([C@H](O1)COC2=C3C=CC(=O)OC3=CC4=C2C=CO4)C", ["(+)-oxypeucedanin is a furanocoumarin. It has a role as a metabolite.", "Oxypeucedanin is a natural product found in Ferulago sylvatica, Ferula syreitschikowii, and other organisms with data available."]], ["Flunarizine", "C1CN(CCN1C/C=C/C2=CC=CC=C2)C(C3=CC=C(C=C3)F)C4=CC=C(C=C4)F", ["Flunarizine is a diarylmethane.", "Flunarizine is a selective calcium entry blocker with calmodulin binding properties and histamine H1 blocking activity. It is effective in the prophylaxis of migraine, occlusive peripheral vascular disease, vertigo of central and peripheral origin, and as an adjuvant in the therapy of epilepsy.", "Flunarizine is a selective calcium entry blocker with calmodulin binding properties and histamine H1 blocking activity. It is effective in the prophylaxis of migraine, occlusive peripheral vascular disease, vertigo of central and peripheral origin, and as an adjuvant in the therapy of epilepsy."]], ["Orbinamon", "CN1CCN(CC1)CC/C=C/2\\C3=CC=CC=C3SC4=C2C=C(C=C4)S(=O)(=O)N(C)C", ["N,N-dimethyl-9-[3-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)propylidene]-2-thioxanthenesulfonamide is a member of thioxanthenes.", "Thiothixene is a thioxanthene derivative and a dopamine antagonist with antipsychotic property. Thiothixene blocks postsynaptic dopamine receptors in the mesolimbic system and medullary chemoreceptor trigger zone, thereby decreasing dopamine activity leading to decreased stimulation of the vomiting center and psychotic effects, such as hallucinations and delusions. In addition, this agent blocks the D2 somatodendritic autoreceptor, thereby increasing dopamine turnover. Thiothixene possesses weak affinity for the histamine H1 and alpha-adrenergic receptors.", "A thioxanthine used as an antipsychotic agent. Its effects are similar to the phenothiazine antipsychotics."]], ["CID 969510", "CCC[C@@H]1O[C@H]2C[C@@H]3[C@H]4CCC5=CC(=O)C=C[C@]5([C@@H]4[C@@H](C[C@]3([C@]2(O1)C(=O)CO)C)O)C", ["A glucocorticoid used in the management of ASTHMA, the treatment of various skin disorders, and allergic RHINITIS."]], ["Benztropine", "CN1[C@@H]2CC[C@H]1CC(C2)OC(C3=CC=CC=C3)C4=CC=CC=C4", ["Benzatropine is tropane in which a hydrogen at position 3 is substituted by a diphenylmethoxy group (endo-isomer). An acetylcholine receptor antagonist, it is used (particularly as its methanesulphonate salt) in the treatment of Parkinson's disease, and to reduce parkinsonism and akathisia side effects of antipsychotic treatments. It has a role as an antiparkinson drug, a parasympatholytic, an antidyskinesia agent, a muscarinic antagonist and a oneirogen.", "Benztropine, with the chemical formula 3alpha-diphenylmethoxytropane, is a tropane-based dopamine inhibitor used for the symptomatic treatment of Parkinson's disease. It is a combination molecule between a tropane ring, similar to cocaine, and a diphenyl ether from the dialkylpiperazines determined to be a dopamine uptake inhibitor since 1970. The generation of structure-activity relationships proved that benztropine derivatives with the presence of a chlorine substituent in the para position in one of the phenyl rings produces an increased potency for dopamine uptake inhibition as well as a decreased inhibition of serotonin and norepinephrine. Benztropine was developed by USL Pharma and officially approved by the FDA on 1996.", "Benztropine is an Anticholinergic and Antihistamine. The mechanism of action of benztropine is as a Cholinergic Antagonist and Histamine Receptor Antagonist.", "Benztropine is an anticholinergic agent used predominantly in the symptomatic therapy of Parkinson disease and movement disorders. Benztropine has not been associated with serum enzyme elevations during treatment and has not been linked to cases of clinically apparent acute liver injury.", "A centrally active muscarinic antagonist that has been used in the symptomatic treatment of PARKINSON DISEASE. Benztropine also inhibits the uptake of dopamine."]], ["Clomiphene", "CCN(CC)CCOC1=CC=C(C=C1)/C(=C(\\C2=CC=CC=C2)/Cl)/C3=CC=CC=C3", ["Clomiphene is a tertiary amine. It has a role as an estrogen antagonist and an estrogen receptor modulator. It derives from a hydride of a stilbene.", "Clomiphene is an oral agent used to treat infertility in women desiring pregnancy. Clomiphene has been linked to a low rate of transient serum aminotransferase elevations during therapy and to rare instances of clinically apparent liver injury, which can be severe and even fatal.", "Enclomiphene is the trans-isomer of clomiphene citrate (CC).  Enclomiphene has a higher rate of clearance and is less active than the cis-isomer, cis-clomiphene.  Clomiphene citrate has been evaluated for antineoplastic activity against breast cancer. (NCI04)", "A triphenyl ethylene stilbene derivative which is an estrogen agonist or antagonist depending on the target tissue. [PubChem]", "A triphenyl ethylene stilbene derivative which is an estrogen agonist or antagonist depending on the target tissue. Note that ENCLOMIPHENE and ZUCLOMIPHENE are the (E) and (Z) isomers of Clomiphene respectively."]], ["Zuclomiphene", "CCN(CC)CCOC1=CC=C(C=C1)/C(=C(/C2=CC=CC=C2)\\Cl)/C3=CC=CC=C3", ["Zuclomifene is a stilbenoid.", "Clomiphene is an oral agent used to treat infertility in women desiring pregnancy. Clomiphene has been linked to a low rate of transient serum aminotransferase elevations during therapy and to rare instances of clinically apparent liver injury, which can be severe and even fatal.", "A triphenyl ethylene stilbene derivative which is an estrogen agonist or antagonist depending on the target tissue. Note that ENCLOMIPHENE and ZUCLOMIPHENE are the (E) and (Z) isomers of Clomiphene respectively."]], ["Metiamide", "CC1=C(N=CN1)CSCCNC(=S)NC", ["Metiamide is a member of imidazoles.", "Metiamide is an H-2 receptor antagonist derived from burimamide. It was an intermediate product on the path to developing cimetidine.", "A histamine H2 receptor antagonist that is used as an anti-ulcer agent."]], ["Levocetirizine", "C1CN(CCN1CCOCC(=O)O)[C@H](C2=CC=CC=C2)C3=CC=C(C=C3)Cl", ["2-[2-[4-[(R)-(4-chlorophenyl)-phenylmethyl]-1-piperazinyl]ethoxy]acetic acid is a diarylmethane.", "Levocetirizine is a selective histamine H1 antagonist used to treat a variety of allergic symptoms. It is the R enantiomer of [cetirizine]. Levocetirizine has greater affinity for the histamine H1 receptor than cetirizine.  Levocetirizine was granted FDA approval in 1995.", "Levocetirizine is a Histamine-1 Receptor Antagonist. The mechanism of action of levocetirizine is as a Histamine H1 Receptor Antagonist.", "Levocetirizine is a third generation, non-sedating, selective histamine H1 receptor antagonist, with antihistamine, anti-inflammatory and potential anti-angiogenic activities. Levocetirizine competes with endogenous histamine for binding at peripheral H1-receptor sites on the effector cell surface. This prevents the negative symptoms associated with histamine release and an allergic reaction. In addition, as histamine plays an important role in angiogenesis during an allergic inflammatory reaction, blocking the action of histamine may modulate the expression of proangiogenic factors and thus may prevent angiogenesis. As a third-generation histamine H1 receptor antagonist, levocetirizine has fewer side effects than most second-generation antihistamines."]], ["cis-Urocanic acid", "C1=C(NC=N1)/C=C\\C(=O)O", ["Cis-urocanic acid is a urocanic acid in which the double bond of the carboxyethene moiety has Z configuration. It is a conjugate acid of a cis-urocanate.", "cis-Urocanic Acid is a derivative of the amino acid histidine, formed in the mammalian skin from trans-urocanic acid upon ultraviolet radiation, and protodynamic agent, with potential anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative activity. Upon intravesical instillation of cis-urocanic acid (cis-UCA), this agent is protonated at the imidazolyl moiety in the mildly acidic extracellular tumor environment and penetrates into the cancer cell. Once inside the cell and due to the slightly alkaline pH inside the tumor cell, cis-UCA is deprotonated, i.e. the imidazolyl proton is released into the cytosol which eventually raises the intracellular acidity. This acidification impairs many cellular processes, such as metabolic activity, and may lead to cell cycle arrest, an induction of cellular apoptosis and necrotic cell death. In addition, cis-UCA enhances ERK and JNK signaling pathways by inhibiting the activity of serine/threonine and tyrosine phosphatases."]], ["(2S,3S)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-[(2S,3S)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl]-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one", "COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)[C@H]2[C@@H](OC3=C(O2)C=C(C=C3)[C@H]4[C@@H](C(=O)C5=C(C=C(C=C5O4)O)O)O)CO)O", ["The major active component of silymarin flavonoids extracted from seeds of the MILK THISTLE, Silybum marianum; it is used in the treatment of HEPATITIS; LIVER CIRRHOSIS; and CHEMICAL AND DRUG INDUCED LIVER INJURY, and has antineoplastic activity; silybins A and B are diastereomers."]], ["Allylthiourea", "C=CCNC(=S)N", ["Allylthiourea is a white crystalline solid with a slight garlic odor. (NTP, 1992)", "Allylthiourea is a thiourea with a prop-2-enyl group attached to one of the amines. It has a role as a metabolite. It is functionally related to a thiourea."]], ["Drotaverine", "CCOC1=C(C=C(C=C1)/C=C\\2/C3=CC(=C(C=C3CCN2)OCC)OCC)OCC", ["Drotaverine is a member of isoquinolines.", "Drotaverine is an antispasmodic drug that works by inhibiting phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4). It is a benzylisoquinoline derivative that is structurally related to [papaverine], although it displays more potent antispasmodic activities than papaverine. Drotaverine has been used in the symptomatic treatment of various spastic conditions, such as gastrointestinal diseases, biliary dyskinesia, and vasomotor diseases associated with smooth muscle spasms. It also has been investigated in dysmenorrhea, abortion, and augmentation of labour. More recently, drotaverine gained attention in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia, parainfluenza, and avian influenza viruses.  Drotaverine is not approved by the FDA, European Medicines Agency, or Health Canada. It is approved for use in Thailand as oral tablets or intramuscular injections."]], ["(1R,3S,5R,7R,12R,22R,24S,25R,26S)-22-[(2R,3S,4S,5S,6R)-4-amino-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-1,3,26-trihydroxy-12-methyl-10-oxo-6,11,28-trioxatricyclo[22.3.1.05,7]octacosa-8,14,16,18,20-pentaene-25-carboxylic acid", "C[C@@H]1CC=CC=CC=CC=C[C@@H](C[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H](C[C@](O2)(C[C@H](C[C@@H]3[C@H](O3)C=CC(=O)O1)O)O)O)C(=O)O)O[C@H]4[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O4)C)O)N)O", ["(1R,3S,5R,7R,12R,22R,24S,25R,26S)-22-[(2R,3S,4S,5S,6R)-4-amino-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-1,3,26-trihydroxy-12-methyl-10-oxo-6,11,28-trioxatricyclo[22.3.1.05,7]octacosa-8,14,16,18,20-pentaene-25-carboxylic acid is a natural product found in Streptomyces chattanoogensis with data available.", "Natamycin is a polyene amphoteric macrolide antibiotic with antifungal properties. Natamycin exerts its antifungal effects by binding to sterols in the fungal cell membrane thereby increasing membrane permeability. This leads to a leakage and loss of essential cellular constituents. Following ocular application, natamycin is retained in the conjunctival fornices and attains effective concentrations within the corneal stroma where it exerts its effect.", "Amphoteric macrolide antifungal antibiotic from Streptomyces natalensis or S. chattanoogensis. It is used for a variety of fungal infections, mainly topically."]], ["Sdccgsbi-0051046.P002", "CN1C2CC(CC1C3C2O3)OC(=O)[C@H](CO)C4=CC=CC=C4", ["Scopolamine is a tropane alkaloid derived from plants of the nightshade family (Solanaceae), specifically Hyoscyamus niger and Atropa belladonna, with anticholinergic, antiemetic and antivertigo properties. Structurally similar to acetylcholine, scopolamine antagonizes acetylcholine activity mediated by muscarinic receptors located on structures innervated by postganglionic cholinergic nerves as well as on smooth muscles that respond to acetylcholine but lack cholinergic innervation. The agent is used to cause mydriasis, cycloplegia, to control the secretion of saliva and gastric acid, to slow gut motility, and prevent vomiting.", "An alkaloid from SOLANACEAE, especially DATURA and SCOPOLIA. Scopolamine and its quaternary derivatives act as antimuscarinics like ATROPINE, but may have more central nervous system effects. Its many uses include an anesthetic premedication, the treatment of URINARY INCONTINENCE and MOTION SICKNESS, an antispasmodic, and a mydriatic and cycloplegic."]], ["Argentous cyanide", "[C-]#N.[Ag+]", ["Silver cyanide is a chemical compound of silver and cyanide. Silver is a metallic element with the chemical symbol Ag and atomic number 47. It occurs naturally in its pure, free form, as an alloy with gold and other metals, and in minerals such as argentite and chlorargyrite. (L808, L809)"]], ["Unithiol", "C(C(CS(=O)(=O)[O-])S)S.[Na+]", ["A chelating agent used as an antidote to heavy metal poisoning."]], ["Cuprous cyanide", "[C-]#N.[Cu+]", ["Copper(I) cyanide is a chemical compound of copper and cyanide. It was used as a catalyst in polymerizations, in electroplating of copper and iron, and as insecticide, fungicide, and biocide in marine paints. Copper is a chemical element with the symbol Cu and atomic number 29. Copper is an essential elements in plants and animals as it is required for the normal functioning of more than 30 enzymes. It occurs naturally throughout the environment in rocks, soil, water, and air. (L277, L278, L98)"]], ["Boron trifluoride dimethyl etherate", "B(F)(F)F.COC", ["Boron trifluoride dimethyl etherate appears as a fuming liquid. Corrosive to skin, eyes and mucous membranes. May be toxic by inhalation. Used as a catalyst in chemical reactions."]], ["Ammonium tartrate", "C(C(C(=O)[O-])O)(C(=O)[O-])O.[NH4+].[NH4+]", ["Ammonium tartrate is a white crystalline solid. It is soluble in water. The primary hazard is the threat to the environment. Immediate steps should be taken to limit its spread to the environment. It is used to manufacture fabrics and in medicine."]], ["Sodium cacodylate", "C[As](=O)(C)[O-].[Na+]", ["Sodium cacodylate appears as a white crystalline or granular solid with a slight odor. Toxic by ingestion, inhalation, and skin absorption. Used as a herbicide.", "Sodium dimethylarsinate is the organic sodium salt of dimethylarsinate. It has a role as a buffer and a herbicide. It contains a dimethylarsinate."]], ["6-Mercaptopurine monohydrate", "C1=NC2=C(N1)C(=S)N=CN2.O", ["6-mercaptopurine monohydrate is an odorless light yellow to yellow crystalline powder. Becomes anhydrous at 284 \u00b0F. (NTP, 1992)", "Mercaptopurine hydrate is a hydrate. It contains a mercaptopurine.", "An antimetabolite antineoplastic agent with immunosuppressant properties. It interferes with nucleic acid synthesis by inhibiting purine metabolism and is used, usually in combination with other drugs, in the treatment of or in remission maintenance programs for leukemia."]], ["CID 2733497", "C[C@@H]1C[C@]2([C@H]3[C@H]4[C@]1([C@@H]5C=C(C(=O)[C@]5(CC(=C4)COC(=O)CC6=CC(=C(C=C6)O)OC)O)C)O[C@@](O3)(O2)CC7=CC=CC=C7)C(=C)C", ["Resiniferatoxin is a naturally occurring capsaicin analog found in the latex of the cactus Euphorbia resinifera with analgesic activity. Resiniferatoxin (RTX) binds to and activates the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), a non-selective cation channel in the plasma membrane of primary afferent sensory neurons. This increases the permeability to cations, and leads to an influx of calcium and sodium ions. This results in membrane depolarization, causing an irritant effect, followed by desensitization of the sensory neurons thereby inhibiting signal conduction in afferent pain pathways and causing analgesia. TRPV1, a member of the transient receptor potential channel (TRP) superfamily, is a heat- and chemo-sensitive calcium/sodium ion channel that is selectively expressed in a subpopulation of pain-sensing primary afferent neurons."]], ["Taurodeoxycholic acid", "C[C@H](CCC(=O)NCCS(=O)(=O)O)[C@H]1CC[C@@H]2[C@@]1([C@H](C[C@H]3[C@H]2CC[C@H]4[C@@]3(CC[C@H](C4)O)C)O)C", ["Taurodeoxycholic acid is a bile acid taurine conjugate of deoxycholic acid. It has a role as a human metabolite. It is functionally related to a deoxycholic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a taurodeoxycholate.", "Taurodeoxycholic acid is a natural product found in Streptomyces nigra, Euglena gracilis, and other organisms with data available.", "A bile salt formed in the liver by conjugation of deoxycholate with taurine, usually as the sodium salt. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic, also industrially as a fat emulsifier."]], ["Cupric tartrate", "C(C(C(=O)[O-])O)(C(=O)[O-])O.[Cu+2]", ["Cupric tartrate appears as a green to blue odorless powder. Insoluble in water. The primary hazard is the threat to the environment. Immediate steps should be taken to limit its spread to the environment. It is noncombustible. Used for electroplating metals.", "Copper tartrate is a chemical compound of copper. Copper is a chemical element with the symbol Cu and atomic number 29. Copper is an essential elements in plants and animals as it is required for the normal functioning of more than 30 enzymes. It occurs naturally throughout the environment in rocks, soil, water, and air. (L277, L278)"]], ["alpha-Tocopherolquinone", "CC1=C(C(=O)C(=C(C1=O)C)CC[C@@](C)(CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)O)C", ["alpha-Tocopherolquinone is a natural product found in Garcinia multiflora, Cryptocarya chinensis, and other organisms with data available.", "Tocopherylquinone is an oxidized form of alpha-tocopherol with potent anticoagulant activity. Although the mechanism of action has not been fully elucidated, dietary supplementation with tocopherylquinone may lead to the inhibition of the vitamin K-dependent gamma-carboxylase (gamma-glutamyl carboxylase). This prevents the carboxylation of glutamyl residues in coagulation factor proteins and inhibits platelet aggregation and clotting."]], ["(R)-[(2S,5R)-5-ethyl-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-2-yl]-(6-methoxy-4-quinolinyl)methanol", "CC[C@H]1CN2CCC1C[C@H]2[C@@H](C3=C4C=C(C=CC4=NC=C3)OC)O", ["(R)-[(2S,5R)-5-ethyl-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-2-yl]-(6-methoxy-4-quinolinyl)methanol is a cinchona alkaloid."]], ["Nicotine bitartrate", "CN1CCC[C@H]1C2=CN=CC=C2.[C@@H]([C@H](C(=O)O)O)(C(=O)O)O.[C@@H]([C@H](C(=O)O)O)(C(=O)O)O.O.O", ["Nicotine bitartrate is a member of pyrrolidines and a member of pyridines.", "Nicotine is highly toxic alkaloid. It is the prototypical agonist at nicotinic cholinergic receptors where it dramatically stimulates neurons and ultimately blocks synaptic transmission. Nicotine is also important medically because of its presence in tobacco smoke."]], ["Carbonic acid;silver", "C(=O)(O)O.[Ag].[Ag]", ["Silver carbonate is an odorless yellow to brown solid. Sinks in water. (USCG, 1999)"]], ["Tripotassium citrate monohydrate", "C(C(=O)[O-])C(CC(=O)[O-])(C(=O)[O-])O.O.[K+].[K+].[K+]", ["Potassium citrate monohydrate is a hydrate that is the monohydrate form of potassium citrate. It has a role as a diuretic. It contains a potassium citrate (anhydrous).", "Potassium Citrate is the potassium salt form of citrate with alkalinizing property. Following absorption, potassium citrate causes increased plasma bicarbonate concentration, thereby raising blood and urinary pH. A simultaneous decrease in calcium ion activity occurs as a result of increasing calcium complex formation with dissociated anions. Levels of urinary citrate are increased due to modification of the renal handling of citrate. By promoting excretion of free bicarbonate ion and by increasing urinary pH in addition to an increased ionization of uric acid to more soluble urate ions, this agent exerts the alkalizing and anti-urolithic effect.", "A powder that dissolves in water, which is administered orally, and is used as a diuretic, expectorant, systemic alkalizer, and electrolyte replenisher."]], ["alpha-GalCer", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)N[C@@H](CO[C@@H]1[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@H](O1)CO)O)O)O)[C@@H]([C@@H](CCCCCCCCCCCCCC)O)O", ["1-O-(alpha-D-galactosyl)-N-hexacosanoylphytosphingosine is a glycophytoceramide having an alpha-D-galactosyl residue at the O-1 position and a hexacosanoyl group attached to the nitrogen. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent, an epitope, an antigen, an immunological adjuvant and an allergen. It is a glycophytoceramide and a N-acyl-beta-D-galactosylphytosphingosine. It is functionally related to an alpha-D-galactose.", "KRN7000 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Lung Cancer, Chronic Hepatitis C, Hepatitis B, Chronic, Unspecified Adult Solid Tumor, Protocol Specific, and Prevention of GvHD in Patients With Hematological Malignancies Undergoing AHSCT.", "alpha-GalCer is a natural product found in Bacteroides fragilis with data available.", "Alpha Galactosylceramide is a potent alpha galactosylceramide modified from marine-sponge that stimulates the immune system to exhibit antitumor activity."]], ["Caspofungin", "CCC(C)CC(C)CCCCCCCCC(=O)N[C@H]1C[C@H]([C@H](NC(=O)[C@@H]2[C@H](CCN2C(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H]3C[C@H](CN3C(=O)[C@@H](NC1=O)[C@@H](C)O)O)[C@@H]([C@H](C4=CC=C(C=C4)O)O)O)[C@@H](CCN)O)O)NCCN)O", ["Caspofungin is an antimycotic echinocandin lipopeptide, semisynthetically derived from a fermentation product of the fungus Glarea lozoyensis. Caspofungin inhibits 1,3-beta-glucan synthase, resulting in decreased synthesis of beta(1,3)-D-glucan (an essential component of the fungal cell wall), weakening of the fungal cell wall, and fungal cell wall rupture. This agent is active against Aspergillus and Candida species.", "A cyclic lipopeptide echinocandin and beta-(1,3)-D-glucan synthase inhibitor that is used to treat internal or systemic MYCOSES."]], ["Fluoroazomycin arabinoside F-18", "C1=CN(C(=N1)[N+](=O)[O-])[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O2)C[18F])O)O", ["Fluoroazomycin arabinoside F-18 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03257150 (A Study of the Use of Irreversible Electroporation in Pancreatic Ductal Cancer).", "Fluorine F 18-fluoroazomycin Arabinoside is a radiofluorinated 2-nitroimidazole derivative with positron-emitting radioisotope activity. Upon administration, fluorine F 18-fluoroazomycin arabinoside is reduced under hypoxic conditions in the tumor microenvironment to a reactive species that covalently binds to intracellular macromolecules, providing a quantitative measure of viable hypoxic tissue when imaged with positron emission tomography. Compared to 18F-misonidazole, fluorine F 18-fluoroazomycin arabinoside has a lower octanol:water partition coefficient; it therefore has less tendency to accumulate in lipophilic tissues and exhibits a faster renal clearance, which may result in improved imaging of hypoxic tissue."]], ["(N-methyl-(11c))2-(4'-methylaminophenyl)-6-hydroxybenzothiazole", "[11CH3]NC1=CC=C(C=C1)C2=NC3=C(S2)C=C(C=C3)O", ["Pittsburgh Compound B is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01723553 (Amyloid-related Imaging Abnormalities (Microbleeds) in Atypical AD)."]], ["Tetrachlorodecaoxide", "O.[O-]Cl=O.[O-]Cl=O.[O-]Cl=O.[O-]Cl=O.O=O", ["WF10 is a chlorite-based, immunomodulating drug is developed by Nuvo Research Inc. Certain preclinical evidence and clinical pilot data suggest that WF10 may be effective in treating certain cancers. The Corporation believes the research to-date demonstrates that WF10 acts on macrophages (a type of white blood cell) by modulating the balance between inflammation and phagocytosis, a state in which the body digests foreign, potentially harmful substances. The Corporation has commenced a Phase II clinical trial in an effort to demonstrate the efficacy of WF10 in combination with Xeloda (capecitabine) in the treatment of pancreatic cancer. The trial is being conducted in Germany at the University of Heidelberg and the National Centre for Tumor Diseases."]], ["Talviraline", "CC(C)OC(=O)N1[C@H](C(=S)NC2=C1C=C(C=C2)OC)CSC", ["Talviraline has been used in trials studying the treatment of HIV Infections.", "Talviraline is a second generation, quinoxaline non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) with activity against human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1). Talviraline inhibits both HIV-1 induced cell killing and viral replication."]], ["Alaxin", "C[C@@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]([C@H](O[C@H]3[C@@]24[C@H]1CC[C@](O3)(OO4)C)O)C", ["Artenimol is an artemisinin derivative.", "Alaxin is a natural product found in Acronychia pubescens and Ganoderma colossus with data available."]], ["Hyoscine N-oxide", "C[N+]1([C@@H]2CC(C[C@H]1[C@H]3[C@@H]2O3)OC(=O)[C@H](CO)C4=CC=CC=C4)[O-]", ["LSM-1606 is a tertiary amine oxide."]], ["N-(4-Chloro-3-((3-methyl-2-butenyl)oxy)phenyl)-2-methyl-3-furancarbothioamide", "CC1=C(C=CO1)C(=S)NC2=CC(=C(C=C2)Cl)OCC=C(C)C", ["UC-781 is a thiocarboxanilide non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI). It is a topical microbicide targeted against the AIDS virus.", "N-(4-Chloro-3-((3-Methyl-2-Butenyl)Oxy)Phenyl)-2-Methyl-3-Furancarbothioamide is a thiocarboxanilide non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor. UC-781 is a potent inhibitor of reverse transcriptase-dependent pyrophosphorolysis, and purportedly restores the chain-terminating activity of zidovudine (AZT) against AZT-resistant virus."]], ["Estrone sulfate", "C[C@]12CC[C@H]3[C@H]([C@@H]1CCC2=O)CCC4=C3C=CC(=C4)OS(=O)(=O)O", ["Estrone 3-sulfate is a steroid sulfate that is the 3-sulfate of estrone. It has a role as a human metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a 17-oxo steroid and a steroid sulfate. It is functionally related to an estrone. It is a conjugate acid of an estrone 3-sulfate(1-). It derives from a hydride of an estrane.", "Estrone sulfate (as estropipate) is a form of estrogen. It has several uses such as: alleviate symptoms of menopause as hormone replacement therapy, treatment some types of infertility, treatment of some conditions leading to underdevelopment of female sexual characteristics, treatment of vaginal atrophy, treatment of some types of breast cancer (particularly in men and postmenopausal women), treatment of prostate cancer and prevention of osteoporosis.", "Estrone sulfate is a natural product found in Phaseolus vulgaris and Homo sapiens with data available.", "Estrone Sulfate is an aqueous substance that is the sulfate salt form of estrone. (NCI)"]], ["Zantac", "CN/C(=C\\[N+](=O)[O-])/NCCSCC1=CC=C(O1)CN(C)C", ["Ranitidine is a member of the class of furans used to treat peptic ulcer disease (PUD) and gastroesophageal reflux disease. It has a role as an anti-ulcer drug, a H2-receptor antagonist, an environmental contaminant, a xenobiotic and a drug allergen. It is a member of furans, a tertiary amino compound, a C-nitro compound and an organic sulfide.", "Ranitidine is a histamine type 2 receptor antagonist (H2 blocker) which is widely used for treatment of acid-peptic disease and heartburn. Ranitidine has been linked to rare instances of clinically apparent acute liver injury.", "Ranitidine is a member of the class of histamine H2-receptor antagonists with antacid activity. Ranitidine is a competitive and reversible inhibitor of the action of histamine, released by enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cells, at the histamine H2-receptors on parietal cells in the stomach, thereby inhibiting the normal and meal-stimulated secretion of stomach acid. In addition, other substances that promote acid secretion have a reduced effect on parietal cells when the H2 receptors are blocked.", "A non-imidazole blocker of those histamine receptors that mediate gastric secretion (H2 receptors). It is used to treat gastrointestinal ulcers."]], ["Aplaviroc", "CCCCN1C(=O)[C@H](NC(=O)C12CCN(CC2)CC3=CC=C(C=C3)OC4=CC=C(C=C4)C(=O)O)[C@@H](C5CCCCC5)O", ["A spiro-diketo-piperazine; a potent noncompetitive allosteric antagonist of the CCR5 receptor with concomitantly potent antiviral effects for HIV-1.", "Aplaviroc is a C-C Chemokine Receptor Type 5 (CCR5) antagonist with activity against HIV-1. Aplaviroc inhibits HIV-1 entry via CCR5 coreceptor interaction."]], ["Formamide, N,N'-(dithiobis(2-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-methyl-2,1-ethenediyl))bis(N-((4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl)-", "CC1=NC=C(C(=N1)N)CN(/C(=C(/SS/C(=C(/N(C=O)CC2=CN=C(N=C2N)C)\\C)/CCO)\\CCO)/C)C=O", ["Thiamine disulfide is an aminopyrimidine, a homoallylic alcohol, a member of formamides and an organic disulfide."]], ["Fursultiamine", "CC1=NC=C(C(=N1)N)CN(C=O)/C(=C(\\CCO)/SSCC2CCCO2)/C", ["Fursultiamine is a member of pyrimidines.", "Compound used for therapy of thiamine deficiency. It has also been suggested for several non-deficiency disorders but has not yet proven useful. Fursultiamine is a vitamin B1 derivative.", "Fursultiamine is a nutritional supplement and vitamin B1 derivative, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, fursultiamine inhibits the expressions of octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (OCT-4), SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 2 (SOX-2), and Nanog homeobox (NANOG) in cancer stem cells (CSCs). This may inhibit the proliferation of CSCs thereby preventing tumor cell growth. In addition, fursultiamine inhibits the expression of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters subfamily B member 1 (ABCB1) and subfamily G member 2 (ABCG2) in cancer CSCs, which may abrogate resistance to chemo- and radiotherapy in CSCs. CSCs promote tumor initiation, progression and metastasis; they play a key role in cancer recurrence and resistance to chemotherapy and radiation.", "Compound used for therapy of thiamine deficiency. It has also been suggested for several non-deficiency disorders but has not yet proven useful."]], ["Maraviroc", "CC1=NN=C(N1C2C[C@H]3CC[C@@H](C2)N3CC[C@@H](C4=CC=CC=C4)NC(=O)C5CCC(CC5)(F)F)C(C)C", ["Maraviroc is a monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4,4-difluorocyclohexanecarboxylic acid and the primary amino group of (1S)-3-[(3-exo)-3-(3-isopropyl-5-methyl-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-8-yl]-1-phenylpropylamine. An antiretroviral drug, it prevents the interaction of HIV-1 gp120 and chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) necessary for CCR5-tropic HIV-1 to enter cells. It has a role as an antiviral drug, a chemokine receptor 5 antagonist and a HIV fusion inhibitor. It is an azabicycloalkane, an organofluorine compound, a member of triazoles and a monocarboxylic acid amide.", "Maraviroc (brand name: Selzentry) is a prescription medicine approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of HIV infection in adults and children weighing at least 4.4 lb (2 kg). Maraviroc is always used in combination with other HIV medicines.", "Maraviroc (brand-named Selzentry, or Celsentri outside the U.S.) is a chemokine receptor antagonist drug developed by the drug company Pfizer that is designed to act against HIV by interfering with the interaction between HIV and CCR5. It was originally labelled as UK-427857 during development but was assigned the Maraviroc name as it entered trials. It was approved for use by the FDA in August, 2007.", "Maraviroc is a CCR5 Co-receptor Antagonist. The mechanism of action of maraviroc is as a Chemokine Co-receptor 5 Antagonist.", "Maraviroc is a chemokine co-receptor 5 (CCR5) antagonist, the first of a new class of agents active against the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Maraviroc was approved for use in the United States in 2007 but has had limited use. Maraviroc has been associated with elevations in serum aminotransferase levels and to several cases of acute, clinically apparent liver injury.", "Maraviroc is a C-C Chemokine Receptor Type 5 (CCR5) antagonist with activity against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Maraviroc inhibits HIV-1 entry via CCR5 coreceptor interaction.", "A cyclohexane and triazole derivative that acts as an antagonist of the CCR5 RECEPTOR. It prevents infection by HIV-1 virus strains which use CCR5 as a co-receptor for membrane fusion and cellular entry."]], ["Metallibure", "CC(C=C)NC(=S)NNC(=S)NC", ["A dithiobiurea compound with anti-gonadotropic activity."]], ["Toremifene", "CN(C)CCOC1=CC=C(C=C1)/C(=C(/CCCl)\\C2=CC=CC=C2)/C3=CC=CC=C3", ["Toremifene is a tertiary amine, an organochlorine compound and an aromatic ether. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent, an estrogen antagonist, an estrogen receptor modulator and a bone density conservation agent. It derives from a hydride of a stilbene.", "A first generation nonsteroidal selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) that is structurally related to tamoxifen. Like tamoxifen, it is an estrogen agonist for bone tissue and cholesterol metabolism but is antagonistic on mammary and uterine tissue.", "Toremifene is an Estrogen Agonist/Antagonist. The mechanism of action of toremifene is as a Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator.", "Toremifene is a nonsteroidal antiestrogen that is used in the treatment of estrogen receptor positive breast cancer. Long term toremifene therapy has been associated with development of fatty liver, steatohepatitis, cirrhosis, and rare instances of clinically apparent acute liver injury.", "Toremifene is a nonsteroidal triphenylethylene antiestrogen.  Chemically related to tamoxifen, toremifene is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM).  This agent binds competitively to estrogen receptors, thereby interfering with estrogen activity.  Toremifene also has intrinsic estrogenic properties, which are manifested according to tissue type or species. (NCI04)", "A first generation selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM). Like TAMOXIFEN, it is an estrogen agonist for bone tissue and cholesterol metabolism but is antagonistic on mammary and uterine tissue."]], ["Zinc pyridinethione", "C1=CC(=S)N(C=C1)[O-].C1=CC(=S)N(C=C1)[O-].[Zn+2]", ["Pyrithione Zinc is a coordination complex of the zinc ion and pyrithione, a derivative of the naturally occurring antibiotic aspergillic acid with antimicrobial, antifungal and anti-seborrheic effects. Although the exact mechanism of action remains to be fully elucidated, pyrithione zinc appears to interfere with the membrane transport of ions and metabolites, ultimately leading to a loss of metabolic control. In addition, this agent causes an influx of copper, leading to a reduction in the activity of iron-sulphur proteins resulting in growth inhibition."]], ["Zincchloride", "[Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2]", ["Zinc dichloride is a compound of zinc and chloride ions in the ratio 1:2. It exists in four crystalline forms, in each of which the Zn(2+) ions are trigonal planar coordinated to four chloride ions. It has a role as a Lewis acid, a disinfectant, an astringent and an EC 5.3.3.5 (cholestenol Delta-isomerase) inhibitor. It is an inorganic chloride and a zinc molecular entity.", "Zinc chloride is a solution of ions indicated for use in total parenteral nutrition to maintain zinc levels and prevent deficiency syndromes.  Zinc chloride was granted FDA approval before 26 June 1986.", "See also: Zinc Chloride (preferred)."]], ["ZINC hydrate", "[O-2].[Zn+2]", ["Zinc oxide is a nutrient supplement. Zinc oxide is a constituent of cigarette filters for removal of selected components from tobacco smoke. Zinc oxide is a filter consisting of charcoal impregnated with zinc oxide and iron oxide removes significant amounts of HCN and H2S from tobacco smoke without affecting its flavor. Zinc oxide is an amphoteric oxide. It is nearly insoluble in water and alcohol, but it is soluble in (degraded by) most acids, such as hydrochloric acid:; Zinc oxide is an inorganic compound with the formula ZnO. It usually appears as a white powder, nearly insoluble in water. The powder is widely used as an additive into numerous materials and products including plastics, ceramics, glass, cement, rubber (e.g. car tyres), lubricants, paints, ointments, adhesives, sealants, pigments, foods (source of Zn nutrient), batteries, ferrites, fire retardants, first aid tapes, etc. ZnO is present in the Earth crust as a mineral zincite; however, most ZnO used commercially is produced synthetically. Zinc white is used as a pigment in paints and is more opaque than lithopone, but less opaque than titanium dioxide. It is also used in coatings for paper. Chinese white is a special grade of zinc white used in artists' pigments. Because it reflects both UVA and UVB rays of ultraviolet light, zinc oxide can be used in ointments, creams, and lotions to protect against sunburn and other damage to the skin caused by ultraviolet light (see sunscreen). It is the broadest spectrum UVA and UVB absorber that is approved for use as a sunscreen by the FDA, and is completely photostable. It is also a main ingredient of mineral makeup. ZnO is a relatively soft material with approximate hardness of 4.5 on the Mohs scale. Its elastic constants are smaller than those of relevant III-V semiconductors, such as GaN. The high heat capacity and heat conductivity, low thermal expansion and high melting temperature of ZnO are beneficial for ceramics.<br /> Zinc oxide has been shown to exhibit anti-inflammatory and antibiotic functions (A7764, A7765).<br /> Zinc oxide belongs to the family of Transition Metal Oxides. These are inorganic compounds containing an oxygen atom of an oxidation state of -2, in which the heaviest atom bonded to the oxygen is a transition metal."]], ["Vicriviroc", "C[C@H]1CN(CCN1[C@@H](COC)C2=CC=C(C=C2)C(F)(F)F)C3(CCN(CC3)C(=O)C4=C(N=CN=C4C)C)C", ["(4,6-dimethyl-5-pyrimidinyl)-[4-[(3S)-4-[(1R)-2-methoxy-1-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl]-3-methyl-1-piperazinyl]-4-methyl-1-piperidinyl]methanone is a member of (trifluoromethyl)benzenes.", "Vicriviroc, also known as SCH 417690 and SCH-D, is currently in clinical trials for the management of HIV-1. This pyrimidine based drug inhibits the interaction of HIV-1 with CCR5, preventing viral entry into cells. This drug was developed by Schering-Plough.", "Vicriviroc is a piperazine-based CCR5 receptor antagonist with activity against human immunodeficiency virus.  Vicriviroc is designed to bind to CCR5 and inhibit the entry of HIV into CD4 cells."]], ["Telaprevir", "CCC[C@@H](C(=O)C(=O)NC1CC1)NC(=O)[C@@H]2[C@H]3CCC[C@H]3CN2C(=O)[C@H](C(C)(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](C4CCCCC4)NC(=O)C5=NC=CN=C5", ["Telaprevir is an oligopeptide consisting of N-(pyrazin-2-ylcarbonyl)cyclohexylalanyl, 3-methylvalyl, octahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrrole-1-carboxy, and 3-amino-N-cyclopropyl-2-oxohexanamide residues joined in sequence. Used for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection. It has a role as a peptidomimetic, a hepatitis C protease inhibitor and an antiviral drug. It is an oligopeptide, a member of pyrazines, a cyclopentapyrrole and a member of cyclopropanes.", "Telaprevir is a direct acting antiviral medication used as part of combination therapy to treat chronic Hepatitis C, an infectious liver disease caused by infection with Hepatitis C Virus (HCV). HCV is a single-stranded RNA virus that is categorized into nine distinct genotypes, with genotype 1 being the most common in the United States, and affecting 72% of all chronic HCV patients. Treatment options for chronic Hepatitis C have advanced significantly since 2011, with the development of Direct Acting Antivirals (DAAs) such as Telaprevir. Telaprevir is an inhibitor of NS3/4A, a serine protease enzyme, encoded by HCV genotype 1. These enzymes are essential for viral replication and serve to cleave the virally encoded polyprotein into mature proteins like NS4A, NS4B, NS5A and NS5B. The barrier for develoment of resistance to NS3/4A inhibitors is lower than that of NS5B inhibitors, another class of DAAs. Subtitutions at amino acid positions 155, 156, or 168 are known to confer resistance. The substitutions of the enzyme's catalytic triad consisting of H58, D82, and S139 are also likely to alter the affinity of the drug for NS3/4A or the activity of the enzyme itself. Despite this disadvantage Telaprevir is still effective against HCV when paired with [DB00811], [DB00008], and [DB00022].  Telaprevir, [DB00811], [DB00008], and [DB00022] were used with the intent to cure, or achieve a sustained virologic response (SVR), after 12 weeks of daily administration of the combination therapy followed by 12 or 36 weeks of therapy with [DB00811], [DB00008], and [DB00022]. SVR and eradication of HCV infection is associated with significant long-term health benefits including reduced liver-related damage, improved quality of life, reduced incidence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma, and reduced all-cause mortality.  Telaprevir was available as a fixed dose product (tradename Incivek) used for the treatment of chronic Hepatitis C. Approved in May 2011 by the FDA, Incivek was indicated for the treatment of HCV genotype 1 in combination with [DB00811], [DB00008], and [DB00022]. Incivek has since been withdrawn from the market.", "Telaprevir is a Hepatitis C Virus NS3/4A Protease Inhibitor. The mechanism of action of telaprevir is as a HCV NS3/4A Protease Inhibitor, and Cytochrome P450 3A Inhibitor, and P-Glycoprotein Inhibitor, and Organic Anion Transporting Polypeptide 1B1 Inhibitor, and Organic Anion Transporting Polypeptide 2B1 Inhibitor.", "Telaprevir is an oral, direct acting hepatitis C virus (HCV) protease inhibitor that was used in combination with other antiviral agents in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C, genotype 1. Approved for use in the United States in 2012, it was withdrawn in 2015 when regimens of all oral direct acting agents with superior efficacy and better tolerance became available. Telaprevir was not linked to instances of acute liver injury during therapy, but was linked to cases of severe cutaneous reactions such as DRESS and Stevens Johnson syndrome which were associated with mild hepatic injury. In addition, when combined with peginterferon and ribavirin, telaprevir was associated with cases of hepatic decompensation in patients with preexisting cirrhosis.", "Telaprevir is a natural product found in Penicillium raistrickii with data available.", "Telaprevir is an orally available peptidomimetic small molecule with activity against hepatitis C virus (HCV). Telaprivir is a selective protease inhibitor that targets the viral HCV NS3-4A serine protease and disrupts processing of viral proteins and formation of a viral replication complex."]], ["Pramiconazole", "CC(C)N1CCN(C1=O)C2=CC=C(C=C2)N3CCN(CC3)C4=CC=C(C=C4)OC[C@H]5OC[C@](O5)(CN6C=NC=N6)C7=C(C=C(C=C7)F)F", ["Pramiconazole is a member of piperazines.", "Pramiconazole is an orally-available triazole antifungal drug for the treatment of acute skin and mucosal fungal infections. Pramiconazole has a very long half-life allowing for once a week dosing but may display erratic absorption and idiosyncratic liver toxicity similar to intraconazole and fluconazole."]], ["Tetomilast", "CCOC1=C(C=C(C=C1)C2=NC(=CS2)C3=NC(=CC=C3)C(=O)O)OCC", ["Tetomilast has been used in trials studying the treatment of Crohn Disease, Colitis, Ulcerative, and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease."]], ["N-(5-(((5-(1,1-Dimethylethyl)-2-oxazolyl)methyl)thio)-2-thiazolyl)-4-piperidinecarboxamide", "CC(C)(C)C1=CN=C(O1)CSC2=CN=C(S2)NC(=O)C3CCNCC3", ["N-(5-{[(5-tert-butyl-1,3-oxazol-2-yl)methyl]sulfanyl}-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)piperidine-4-carboxamide is a secondary carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of piperidine-4-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 5-{[(5-tert-butyl-1,3-oxazol-2-yl)methyl]sulfanyl}-1,3-thiazol-2-amine. It is an ATP-competitive inhibitor of CDK2, CDK7 and CDK9 kinases and exhibits anti-cancer properties. It has a role as an apoptosis inducer, an antineoplastic agent, an EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor and an angiogenesis inhibitor. It is a piperidinecarboxamide, a member of 1,3-oxazoles, a member of 1,3-thiazoles, an organic sulfide and a secondary carboxamide.", "CDK Inhibitor SNS-032 is a small aminothiazole molecule and cyclin dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor with potential antineoplastic activity. SNS-032 binds to and prevents the phosphorylation of cyclin-dependent kinases, especially CDK2, 7, and 9 that regulate cell cycle progression. Inhibition of CDKs leads to cell cycle arrest and induces apoptosis. As a result, this agent causes cytotoxicity and prevents further tumor cell growth."]], ["Fosfestrol", "CC/C(=C(/CC)\\C1=CC=C(C=C1)OP(=O)(O)O)/C2=CC=C(C=C2)OP(=O)(O)O", ["Diethylstilbestrol diphosphate is an odorless off-white crystalline powder. (NTP, 1992)", "Diethylstilbestrol diphosphate is an aryl phosphate. It is functionally related to a diethylstilbestrol.", "Fosfestrol is the diphosphate ester of a synthetic, nonsteroidal form of estrogen. A well-known teratogen and carcinogen, diethylstilbestrol inhibits the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, thereby blocking the testicular synthesis of testosterone, lowering plasma testosterone, and inducing a chemical castration."]], ["Cobalt chloride", "[Cl-].[Cl-].[Co+2]", ["Cobalt dichloride is a cobalt salt in which the cobalt metal is in the +2 oxidation state and the counter-anion is chloride. It is used as an indicator for water in desiccants. It has a role as a two-colour indicator, an allergen, a calcium channel blocker and a sensitiser. It is a cobalt salt and an inorganic chloride. It contains a cobalt(2+)."]], ["Aluminum sodium phosphate", "[O-]P(=O)([O-])[O-].[Na+].[Al+3]", ["Sodium aluminum phosphate is a phosphate of sodium and aluminum.  Aluminum is the most abundant metal in the earth's crust and is always found combined with other elements such as oxygen, silicon, and fluorine.  (L739, L740)"]], ["Ammoniated mercury", "[NH2-].[Cl-].[Hg+2]", ["Mercury ammonium chloride appears as a white crystalline solid. Corrosive to the mucous membranes. Very toxic by inhalation and ingestion."]], ["Cupriethylenediamine", "C(CN)N.C(CN)N.[Cu+2]", ["Bis(ethane-1,2-diamine)copper(2+) is a copper coordination entity.", "Cupriethylenediamine is a chemical compound of copper. Copper is a chemical element with the symbol Cu and atomic number 29. Copper is an essential elements in plants and animals as it is required for the normal functioning of more than 30 enzymes. It occurs naturally throughout the environment in rocks, soil, water, and air. (L277, L278)"]], ["S-Benzoylthiamine O-monophosphate", "CC1=NC=C(C(=N1)N)CN(C=O)/C(=C(/CCOP(=O)(O)O)\\SC(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2)/C", ["Benfotiamine is a thioester that is a synthetic analogue of thiamine obtained by acylative cleavage of the thiazole ring and O-phospohorylation. It has a role as an immunological adjuvant, a nutraceutical, an antioxidant, a provitamin B1 and a protective agent. It is an aminopyrimidine, a member of formamides, an organic phosphate and a thioester. It is functionally related to a thiamine(1+).", "Benfotiamine has been investigated for the treatment and prevention of Diabetic Nephropathy and Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2."]], ["Dezocine", "C[C@]12CCCCC[C@H]([C@@H]1N)CC3=C2C=C(C=C3)O", ["Dezocine is (7S,8S)-7-Amino-8-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-ol in which the hydrogen at position 8 and one of the hydrogens at position 6 are substituted by each end of a tetramethylene bridge. A synthetic opioid analgesic, it has mixed opiod agonist and antagonist properties. Although it is used for pain management, it can produce opioid withdrawal syndrome in patients already dependent on other opioids, and its clinical application is limited by side effects such as dizziness. It has a role as an opioid analgesic. It is a member of phenols and a primary amino compound.", "Dezocine is a partial opiate drug and is used for pain management. Dezocine is a very effective alternative to fentanyl when administered during outpatient laparoscopy, although is associated with an increased incidence of postoperative nausea."]], ["(9S)-7-[(2R,4S,5S,6S)-4-amino-6-methyl-5-[(2R)-oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-6,9,11-trihydroxy-9-(2-hydroxyacetyl)-4-methoxy-8,10-dihydro-7H-tetracene-5,12-dione", "C[C@H]1[C@H]([C@H](C[C@@H](O1)OC2C[C@@](CC3=C2C(=C4C(=C3O)C(=O)C5=C(C4=O)C(=CC=C5)OC)O)(C(=O)CO)O)N)O[C@@H]6CCCCO6", ["Pirarubicin is an analogue of the anthracycline antineoplastic antibiotic doxorubicin.  Pirarubicin intercalates into DNA and interacts with topoisomerase II, thereby inhibiting DNA replication and repair and RNA and protein synthesis.  This agent is less cardiotoxic than doxorubicin and exhibits activity against some doxorubicin-resistant cell lines. (NCI04)"]], ["Dapiprazole", "CC1=CC=CC=C1N2CCN(CC2)CCC3=NN=C4N3CCCC4", ["Dapiprazole is a N-arylpiperazine, a N-alkylpiperazine and a member of pyridines. It has a role as an alpha-adrenergic antagonist, a miotic, an ophthalmology drug and an antipsychotic agent.", "Dapiprazole (U.S. trade name Rev-Eyes) is an alpha blocker. It is found in ophthalmic solutions used to reverse mydriasis after an eye examination.", "Dapiprazole is an alpha-Adrenergic Blocker. The mechanism of action of dapiprazole is as an Adrenergic alpha-Antagonist."]], ["Cinolazepam", "C1=CC=C(C(=C1)C2=NC(C(=O)N(C3=C2C=C(C=C3)Cl)CCC#N)O)F", ["Cinolazepam is a 1,4-benzodiazepinone compound having a 2-cyanoethyl substituent at the 1-position, a hydroxy substituent at the 3-position, a 2-fluorophenyl group at the 5-position and a chloro substituent at the 7-position, it has general properties similar to those of diazepam and has been used for the short-term management of sleep disorders. It has a role as a sedative and an anticonvulsant. It is a 1,4-benzodiazepinone and an organochlorine compound.", "Cinolazepam is a benzodiazepine derivative with anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, sedative and skeletal muscle relaxant activity. It is not approved in Canada or America.", "Cinolazepam is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a benzodiazepine derivative. It possesses anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, sedative and skeletal muscle relaxant properties. Cinolazepam is not approved for sale in the United States or Canada.Cinolazepam binds to central benzodiazepine receptors which interact allosterically with GABA receptors. This potentiates the effects of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA, increasing the inhibition of the ascending reticular activating system and blocking the cortical and limbic arousal that occurs following stimulation of the reticular pathways."]], ["Raclopride", "CCN1CCC[C@H]1CNC(=O)C2=C(C(=CC(=C2OC)Cl)Cl)O", ["3,5-dichloro-N-[[(2S)-1-ethyl-2-pyrrolidinyl]methyl]-2-hydroxy-6-methoxybenzamide is a member of salicylamides.", "Raclopride has been used in trials studying Parkinson Disease.", "A substituted benzamide that has antipsychotic properties. It is a dopamine D2 receptor (see RECEPTORS, DOPAMINE D2) antagonist."]], ["Dolasetron methanesulfonate", "CS(=O)(=O)O.C1[C@@H]2CC(C[C@H]3N2CC(=O)C1C3)OC(=O)C4=CNC5=CC=CC=C54", ["Dolasetron Mesylate is an indole derivative with antiemetic activity.  As a selective serotonin receptor antagonist, dolasetron mesylate competitively blocks the action of serotonin at 5HT3 receptors, resulting in suppression of chemotherapy- and radiotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. (NCI04)"]], ["1H-Indole-3-carboxylic acid, octahydro-3-oxo-2,6-methano-2H-quinolizin-8-yl ester, stereoisomer", "C1[C@@H]2CC(C[C@H]3N2CC(=O)C1C3)OC(=O)C4=CNC5=CC=CC=C54", ["LSM-5418 is an indolyl carboxylic acid.", "Dolasetron is an antinauseant and antiemetic agent indicated for the prevention of nausea and vomiting associated with moderately-emetogenic cancer chemotherapy and for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Dolasetron is a highly specific and selective serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonist. This drug is not shown to have activity at other known serotonin receptors, and has low affinity for dopamine receptors.", "Dolasetron is a Serotonin-3 Receptor Antagonist. The mechanism of action of dolasetron is as a Serotonin 3 Receptor Antagonist.", "Dolasetron is an indole derivative and a potent serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonist with anti-emetic property. Dolasetron blocks the activity of serotonin released from the enterochromaffin cells of the small intestine by selectively inhibiting and inactivating 5-HT3 receptors located on the nerve terminals of the vagus nerve in the periphery and centrally in the chemoreceptor trigger zone of the area postrema. This results in suppression of signalling to trigger chemo- and radiotherapy induced nausea and vomiting."]], ["Loprazolam", "CN1CCN(CC1)/C=C\\2/C(=O)N3C(=N2)CN=C(C4=C3C=CC(=C4)[N+](=O)[O-])C5=CC=CC=C5Cl", ["Loprazolam is an imidazobenzodiazepine.", "Loprazolam is an imidazobenzodiazepine with anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, hypnotic, sedative and skeletal muscle relaxant properties. It is indicated for the short-term treatment of insomnia including difficulty in falling asleep and/or frequent nocturnal awakenings. Loprazolam is recommended as a short-term therapy only, due to adverse events associated with the drug including dependence and withdrawal symptoms. It is a positive modulator of GABA-A receptor that enhances the inhibitory neurotransmission. It is not an FDA-approved drug.", "Loprazolam (Triazulenone) marketed under the brand names Dormonoct, Havlane, Sonin, Somnovit, is a drug which is an imidazole benzodiazepine derivative. It possesses anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, sedative and skeletal muscle relaxant properties. It is available in 1 mg and 2 mg tablets. It is licensed and marketed for the short term treatment of moderately severe insomnia."]], ["2,3-Dihydroxypropyl octanoate", "CCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(CO)O", ["1-monooctanoylglycerol is a 1-monoglyceride that has octanoyl as the acyl group. It is a 1-monoglyceride and an octanoate ester.", "Monoctanoin is used to dissolve cholesterol gallstones."]], ["Tritec", "CN/C(=C\\[N+](=O)[O-])/NCCSCC1=CC=C(O1)CN(C)C.C(C(=O)[O-])C(CC(=O)[O-])(C(=O)[O-])O.[Bi+3]", ["Ranitidine Bismuth Citrate is a member of the class of histamine H2-receptor antagonists with antacid activity. Ranitidine is a competitive and reversible inhibitor of the action of histamine, released by enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cells, at the histamine H2-receptors on parietal cells in the stomach, thereby inhibiting the normal and meal-stimulated secretion of stomach acid. In addition, other substances that promote acid secretion have a reduced effect on parietal cells when the H2 receptors are blocked."]], ["Ranitidine N-oxide", "CN/C(=C\\[N+](=O)[O-])/NCCSCC1=CC=C(O1)C[N+](C)(C)[O-]", ["Ranitidine N-oxide is a N-oxide derivative of ranitidine. It has a role as a marine xenobiotic metabolite and a drug metabolite. It is a member of furans, a C-nitro compound and a N-oxide."]], ["Gestodene", "CC[C@]12CC[C@H]3[C@H]([C@@H]1C=C[C@]2(C#C)O)CCC4=CC(=O)CC[C@H]34", ["Gestodene is a steroid. It has a role as an estrogen.", "Gestodene is a progestogen hormonal contraceptive. Products containing gestoden include Meliane, which contains 20 mcg of ethinylestradiol and 75 mcg of gestodene; and Gynera, which contains 30 mcg of ethinylestradiol and 75 mcg of gestodene."]], ["Bisbentiamine", "CC1=NC=C(C(=N1)N)CN(/C(=C(/SS/C(=C(/N(C=O)CC2=CN=C(N=C2N)C)\\C)/CCOC(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3)\\CCOC(=O)C4=CC=CC=C4)/C)C=O", ["Bisbentiamine is an organic molecular entity."]], ["(S,S)-Formoterol", "C[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(C=C1)OC)NC[C@H](C2=CC(=C(C=C2)O)NC=O)O", ["(S,S)-formoterol is an N-[2-hydroxy-5-(1-hydroxy-2-{[1-(4-methoxyphenyl)propan-2-yl]amino}ethyl)phenyl]formamide in which both of the stereocentres have S configuration. It is a conjugate base of a (S,S)-formoterol(1+). It is an enantiomer of an arformoterol.", "Formoterol is a long-acting beta-adrenergic receptor agonist with bronchodilator activity. Formoterol selectively binds to beta-2 adrenergic receptors in bronchial smooth muscle, thereby activating intracellular adenyl cyclase, an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to cyclic-3',5'-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). Increased cAMP levels cause relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle, relieve bronchospasms, improve mucociliary clearance and reduce mediator substance release from inflammatory cells, especially from mast cells.", "An ADRENERGIC BETA-2 RECEPTOR AGONIST with a prolonged duration of action. It is used to manage ASTHMA and in the treatment of CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE."]], ["Indium In-111 Oxyquinoline", "C1=CC2=C(C(=C1)[O-])N=CC=C2.C1=CC2=C(C(=C1)[O-])N=CC=C2.C1=CC2=C(C(=C1)[O-])N=CC=C2.[In+3]", ["Indium in-111 oxyquinoline is a Radioactive Diagnostic Agent. The mechanism of action of indium in-111 oxyquinoline is as a Radiopharmaceutical Activity."]], ["Isomalt", "C([C@@H]1[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](O1)OC[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H](C(CO)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O", ["(2xi)-6-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-D-arabino-hexitol is a glycosyl alditol consisting of alpha-D-glucopyranose and (2xi)-D-arabino-hexitol residues joined in sequence by a (1->1) glycosidic bond. It is functionally related to an alpha-D-glucose."]], ["Amrubicin", "CC(=O)[C@]1(C[C@@H](C2=C(C1)C(=C3C(=C2O)C(=O)C4=CC=CC=C4C3=O)O)O[C@H]5C[C@@H]([C@@H](CO5)O)O)N", ["Amrubicin is a synthetic anthracycline antibiotic with molecular formula C25H25NO9. A specific inhibitor of topoisomerase II, it is used (particularly as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of cancer, especially lung cancer, where it is a prodrug for the active metabolite, ambrucinol. It has a role as a topoisomerase II inhibitor, an antineoplastic agent and a prodrug. It is a quinone, a member of tetracenes, a methyl ketone, an anthracycline antibiotic and a primary amino compound.", "Amrubicin is a third-generation synthetic anthracycline currently in development for the treatment of small cell lung cancer. Pharmion licensed the rights to Amrubicin in November 2006. In 2002, Amrubicin was approved and launched for sale in Japan based on Phase 2 efficacy data in both SCLC and NSCLC. Since January 2005, Amrubicin has been marketed by Nippon Kayaku, a Japanese pharmaceutical firm focused on oncology, which licensed Japanese marketing rights from Dainippon Sumitomo, the original developer of Amrubicin.", "Amrubicin is a synthetic 9-amino-anthracycline with antineoplastic activity. Amrubicin intercalates into DNA and inhibits the activity of topoisomerase II, resulting in inhibition of DNA replication, and RNA and protein synthesis, followed by cell growth inhibition and cell death. This agent has demonstrated a higher level of anti-tumor activity than conventional anthracycline drugs without exhibiting any indication of the cumulative cardiac toxicity common to this class of compounds."]], ["Amaninamide", "CCC(C)C1C(=O)NCC(=O)NC2CS(=O)C3=C(CC(C(=O)NCC(=O)N1)NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C4CC(CN4C(=O)C(NC2=O)CC(=O)N)O)C(C)C(CO)O)C5=CC=CC=C5N3", ["Amaninamide is one of a group of at least eight Amatoxins found in several genera of poisonous mushrooms, most notably Amanita phalloides and several other members of the genus Amanita, as well as some Conocybe, Galerina and Lepiota mushroom species. (L1774)"]], ["Beryllium oxyacetate", "[Be+2].[Be+2].[Be+2].[Be+2].CC(=O)[O-].CC(=O)[O-].CC(=O)[O-].CC(=O)[O-].CC(=O)[O-].CC(=O)[O-].[O-2]", ["Basic beryllium acetate is a chemical compound of beryllium. Beryllium is a lightweight alkaline earth metal with the atomic number 4. It is a relatively rare element found naturally only combined with other elements in minerals. (L24)"]], ["1-[(4R,5S)-5-[(2-aminoethyl)amino]-N(2)-(10,12-dimethyl-1-oxotetradecyl)-4-hydroxy-L-ornithine]-5-[(3R)-3-hydroxy-L-ornithine]-pneumocandin B0 diacetate", "CCC(C)CC(C)CCCCCCCCC(=O)NC1C[C@H]([C@H](NC(=O)[C@@H]2[C@H](CCN2C(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H]3C[C@H](CN3C(=O)[C@@H](NC1=O)[C@@H](C)O)O)[C@@H]([C@H](C4=CC=C(C=C4)O)O)O)[C@@H](CCN)O)O)NCCN)O.CC(=O)O.CC(=O)O", ["Caspofungin acetate is the diacetate salt of caspofungin. It is used for the treatment of invasive candidiasis, and of aspergillosis in patients who are refractory to, or intolerant of, other therapy. It has a role as an antiinfective agent. It is an acetate salt and an antibiotic antifungal drug. It contains a caspofungin.", "Caspofungin Acetate is the acetate salt of an antimycotic echinocandin lipopeptide, semisynthetically derived from a fermentation product of the fungus Glarea lozoyensis. Caspofungin inhibits 1,3-beta-glucan synthase, resulting in decreased synthesis of beta(1,3)-D-glucan (an essential component of the fungal cell wall), weakening of the fungal cell wall, and fungal cell wall rupture. This agent is active against Aspergillus and Candida species.", "A cyclic lipopeptide echinocandin and beta-(1,3)-D-glucan synthase inhibitor that is used to treat internal or systemic MYCOSES."]], ["N-[(3S,6S,9S,11R,15S,18S,20R,21S,24S,25S)-3-[(1R)-3-amino-1-hydroxypropyl]-21-[(2-aminoethyl)amino]-6-[(1S,2S)-1,2-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-11,20,25-trihydroxy-15-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-2,5,8,14,17,23-hexaoxo-1,4,7,13,16,22-hexaazatricyclo[22.3.0.0^{9,13}]heptacosan-18-yl]-10,12-dimethyltetradecanamide", "CCC(C)CC(C)CCCCCCCCC(=O)NC1C[C@H]([C@H](NC(=O)[C@@H]2[C@H](CCN2C(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H]3C[C@H](CN3C(=O)[C@@H](NC1=O)[C@@H](C)O)O)[C@@H]([C@H](C4=CC=C(C=C4)O)O)O)[C@@H](CCN)O)O)NCCN)O", ["Caspofungin (brand name Cancidas worldwide) is an antifungal drug and the first member of a new drug class called the echinocandins, as coined by Merck & Co., Inc. It is typically administered intravenously. It shows activity against infections with Aspergillus and Candida, and works by inhibiting \u03b2(1,3)-D-Glucan of the fungal cell wall.", "Caspofungin is an antimycotic echinocandin lipopeptide, semisynthetically derived from a fermentation product of the fungus Glarea lozoyensis. Caspofungin inhibits 1,3-beta-glucan synthase, resulting in decreased synthesis of beta(1,3)-D-glucan (an essential component of the fungal cell wall), weakening of the fungal cell wall, and fungal cell wall rupture. This agent is active against Aspergillus and Candida species.", "A cyclic lipopeptide echinocandin and beta-(1,3)-D-glucan synthase inhibitor that is used to treat internal or systemic MYCOSES."]], ["Amibegron", "CCOC(=O)COC1=CC2=C(CC[C@@H](C2)NC[C@@H](C3=CC(=CC=C3)Cl)O)C=C1", ["Amibegron is a monocarboxylic acid.", "Amibegron is an agonist for atypical beta3-adrenoceptors which inhibits intestinal motility."]], ["Epinephrine sulfate", "CNC[C@@H](C1=CC(=C(C=C1)OS(=O)(=O)O)O)O", ["Epinephrine sulfate is a catecholamine."]], ["Squalamine lactate", "C[C@H](CC[C@H](C(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)O)[C@H]1CC[C@@H]2[C@@]1(CC[C@H]3[C@H]2[C@@H](C[C@@H]4[C@@]3(CC[C@@H](C4)NCCCNCCCCN)C)O)C.C[C@@H](C(=O)O)O", ["Squalamine Lactate is the lactate salt form of squalamine, an aminosterol isolated from tissues of the dogfish shark Squalus acanthias.  Possessing anti-angiogenic properties, squalamine inhibits the sodium-hydrogen exchanger NHE3, resulting in suppression of endothelial cell proliferation and migration.  This agent also has broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties. (NCI04)"]], ["(R,R)-asenapine", "CN1C[C@@H]2[C@@H](C1)C3=C(C=CC(=C3)Cl)OC4=CC=CC=C24", ["(R,R)-asenapine is a 5-chloro-2-methyl-2,3,3a,12b-tetrahydrodibenzo[2,3:6,7]oxepino[4,5-c]pyrrole in which both of the stereocentres have R configuration. It is a conjugate base of a (R,R)-asenapine(1+). It is an enantiomer of a (S,S)-asenapine.", "Asenapine is a second generation (atypical) antipsychotic agent that is taken sublingually and used in the treatment of schizophrenia and manic or mixed episodes associated with bipolar 1 disorder. Asenapine is associated with a low rate of transient and mild serum aminotransferase elevations during therapy, but has not been linked to instances of clinically apparent acute liver injury."]], ["Magnesium orotate", "C1=C(NC(=O)NC1=O)C(=O)[O-].C1=C(NC(=O)NC1=O)C(=O)[O-].[Mg+2]", ["Magnesium orotate is a magnesium salt of orotic acid and is poorly soluble in water. It is a source of magnesium and is used as a mineral supplement to treat Mg deficiency. Orotic acid acts as a transporter that carries magnesium into the cells. It also exhibits antioxidant properties, since it is a key intermediate in the biosynthetic pathway of pyrimidines that promotes the synthesis of enzymes which act as free radical scavengers. Experiments investigating the potential cardioprotective actions of orotic acid in pathological heart conditions are still ongoing."]], ["Lidocaine N-oxide", "CC[N+](CC)(CC(=O)NC1=C(C=CC=C1C)C)[O-]", ["Lidocaine n-oxide is an organooxygen compound and an organonitrogen compound. It is functionally related to an alpha-amino acid."]], ["Cytosine, 1-(beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)-thio-", "C1=CN(C(=S)N=C1N)[C@]2([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O2)CO)O)O)O.Cl", ["OSI-7836 is a member of the nucleoside class of cytotoxic drugs of which gemcitabine is the market leader. OSI Pharmaceuticals develops OSI-7836 as a next-generation gemcitabine. The anti-tumor activity of OSI-7836 appeares to be less schedule dependent than gemcitabine. It is also more active than ara-C (another clinically used nucleoside analog) in all nine models and more active than either paclitaxel or cisplatin in the two lung xenograft models tested. This drug shows no unexpected toxicities; those observed appeared to be similar to other nucleoside agents."]], ["Diltiazem malate", "CC(=O)O[C@@H]1[C@@H](SC2=CC=CC=C2N(C1=O)CCN(C)C)C3=CC=C(C=C3)OC.C([C@@H](C(=O)O)O)C(=O)O", ["Diltiazem Malate is a malate salt of diltazem, a benzothiazepine calcium channel blocking agent. Diltiazem inhibits the transmembrane influx of extracellular calcium ions into select myocardial and vascular smooth muscle cells, causing dilatation of coronary and systemic arteries and decreasing myocardial contractility. Because of its vasodilatory activity, this agent has been shown to improve the microcirculation in some tumors, thereby potentially improving the delivery of antineoplastic agents to tumor cells.", "A benzothiazepine derivative with vasodilating action due to its antagonism of the actions of CALCIUM ion on membrane functions."]], ["Isepamicin", "C[C@@]1(CO[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]1NC)O)O[C@H]2[C@@H](C[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]2O)O[C@@H]3[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O3)CN)O)O)O)N)NC(=O)[C@H](CN)O)O", ["Isepamicin is a broad-spectrum aminoglycoside antibiotic structurally related to gentamicin and amikacin. Isepamicin has activity similar to amikacin but with better activity against bacterial strains with resistance to other aminoglycosides, such as strains producing 6'-N-aminoglycoside acetyltransferase. Isepamicin is not metabolized and is excreted via the kidneys. This agent exerts a long postantibiotic effect allowing for once daily dosing."]], ["Ifetroban", "CCCCCNC(=O)C1=COC(=N1)[C@@H]2[C@H]3CC[C@@H]([C@@H]2CC4=CC=CC=C4CCC(=O)O)O3", ["Ifetroban is a monocarboxylic acid and a member of benzenes.", "Ifetroban has been used in trials studying the treatment of Skin Diseases, Autoimmune Diseases, Pathologic Processes, Scleroderma, Limited, and Scleroderma, Diffuse, among others.", "Ifetroban is an orally bioavailable thromboxane (TxA2) and prostaglandin H2 (PGH2) (TP) receptor antagonist, with anti-thrombotic, anti-hypertensive, anti-asthmatic and potential anti-metastatic activities. Upon administration, ifetroban targets and binds to TxA2 and PGH2 receptors, thereby preventing the activity of both TxA2 and PGH2 and disrupting their downstream signaling pathways. This prevents platelet activation, aggregation and thrombosis. It also prevents vascular constriction and causes vasodilation. In addition, as cancer cells use platelets to metastasize to different parts of the body, ifetroban can reduce the stickiness of the platelets and prevent metastasis. TxA2 causes vascular contraction and platelet activation."]], ["Ethyl 10-(2-iodophenyl)undecanoate", "CCOC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(C)C1=CC=CC=C1I", ["Iophendylate is an organoiodine compound.", "Iophendylate is a mixture of isomers used as contrast medium, mainly for brain and spinal cord visualization. Iophendylate is a myelographic oil-ester (U.S. Patent 2,348,231). Iophendylate, which was never shown to be safe, was initially introduced for use in small amounts (1-2cc) for locating spinal tumors. It next appeared on the world scene for high volume (12-15cc), routine use, in diagnosing disc herniations. A number of clinicians have published on the dangers of oil myelography. In 1942 Van Wagenen (a neurosurgical colleague of Warrens, at the University of Rochester) identified Iophendylate as causing chemical meningitis in 30 patients where \"space-displacing masses within the spinal canal were suspected\"."]], ["Biricodar", "COC1=CC(=CC(=C1OC)OC)C(=O)C(=O)N2CCCC[C@H]2C(=O)OC(CCCC3=CN=CC=C3)CCCC4=CN=CC=C4", ["Biricodar is an alpha-amino acid ester.", "The pipecolinate derivative biricodar (VX-710) is a clinically applicable modulator of P-glycoprotein (Pgp) and multidrug resistance protein (MRP-1).", "Biricodar is a pipecolinate derivative.  Functioning as a modulator of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and multidrug resistance protein (MRP-1), biricodar restores drug sensitivity to cells expressing P-glycoprotein and MRP1, the cellular efflux pumps that are the major causes in tumor cell resistance to chemotherapeutic agents.  This agent binds directly to Pgp and MRP-1 and inhibits efflux pump activity, resulting in increased intracellular accumulation and retention of cytotoxic agents."]], ["Fospropofol", "CC(C)C1=C(C(=CC=C1)C(C)C)OCOP(=O)(O)O", ["Fospropofol is an alkylbenzene.", "Fospropofol is a water soluble prodrug and is converted to propofol in the liver. Fospropofol is a short acting hypnotic/sedative/anesthetic agent. Unlike propofol, does not cause injection-site pain as it is unable to activate TRPA1. FDA approved in December 2008. Fospropofol is a Schedule IV controlled substance in the United States under the Controlled Substances Act."]], ["Daglutril", "CCOC(=O)[C@H](CCC1=CC=CC=C1)CC2(CCCC2)C(=O)N[C@H]3CCC4=CC=CC=C4N(C3=O)CC(=O)O", ["Daglutril is an orally active, mixed neutral endopeptidase/endothelin converting enzyme inhibitor under development for the treatment of essential hypertension and congestive heart failure."]], ["1H-1-Benzazepine-5-acetamide, 1-(2-chloro-4-(1-pyrrolidinyl)benzoyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-N-(1-methylethyl)-, (R)-", "CC(C)NC(=O)C[C@H]1CCCN(C2=CC=CC=C12)C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3)N4CCCC4)Cl", ["OPC-51803 is the first nonpeptide vasopressin (AVP) V(2)-receptor-selective agonist. It is a V(2)-selective agonist that produces a significant antidiuretic action after single and multiple oral dosing in AVP-deficient and normal AVP states. It is useful therapeutic drug in the treatment of hypothalamic diabetes insipidus, nocturnal enuresis, and some kinds of urinary incontinence."]], ["Tandutinib", "CC(C)OC1=CC=C(C=C1)NC(=O)N2CCN(CC2)C3=NC=NC4=CC(=C(C=C43)OC)OCCCN5CCCCC5", ["Tandutinib is an N-arylpiperazine that is piperazine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen at position 1 is replaced by a 6-methoxy-7-[3-(piperidin-1-yl)propoxy]quinazolin-4-yl group, while the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen at position 4 is replaced by a (p-isopropoxyphenyl)aminocarbonyl group. Tandutinib is an inhibitor of tyrosine kinases FLT3, PDGFR and KIT. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent and an EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor. It is a N-carbamoylpiperazine, a N-arylpiperazine, a member of quinazolines, a member of piperidines, an aromatic ether, a tertiary amino compound and a member of phenylureas.", "MLN518 is a novel, oral, small molecule designed to inhibit type III receptor tyrosine kinases, including FLT3, (platelet-derived growth-factor receptor) PDGFR and c-KIT. Tyrosine kinases are enzymes involved in several cellular processes and are known to be activated in cancer cells to drive tumor growth. AML patients with FLT3 mutations experience earlier disease relapse and shorter survival rates compared to patients without these mutations. Approximately 25 to 30 percent of all adult AML patients have a mutation of the FLT3 gene. The use of MLN518 to treat AML has been granted fast-track status by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Phase I/II trials are underway.", "Tandutinib is a piperazinyl quinazoline receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor with antineoplastic activity. Tandutinib inhibits the autophosphorylation of FLT3 (FMS-Like Tyrosine kinase-3), c-KIT and PDGF (platelet-derived growth factor) receptor tyrosine kinases, thereby inhibiting cellular proliferation and inducing apoptosis."]], ["Neflamapimod", "C1=CC(=C(C(=C1)Cl)C2=C3C=CC(=NN3C=NC2=O)SC4=C(C=C(C=C4)F)F)Cl", ["VX-745 is a member of the class of pyrimidopyridazines that is 6H-pyrimido[1,6-b]pyridazin-6-one substituted at positions 2 and 5 by (2,4-difluorophenyl)sulfanyl and 2,6-dichlorophenyl groups respectively It has a role as an EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor, an anti-inflammatory drug and an apoptosis inducer. It is a pyrimidopyridazine, a difluorobenzene, a dichlorobenzene and an aryl sulfide.", "Neflamapimod has been used in trials studying the treatment of Alzheimer's Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment."]], ["Modipafant", "CCOC(=O)C1=C(NC(=C([C@H]1C2=CC=CC=C2Cl)C(=O)NC3=CC=CC=N3)C)C4=CC=C(C=C4)N5C(=NC6=C5C=CN=C6)C", ["Modipafant is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02569827 (Celgosivir or Modipafant as Treatment for Adult Participants With Uncomplicated Dengue Fever in Singapore)."]], ["5-Hydroxydiclofenac", "C1=CC(=C(C(=C1)Cl)NC2=C(C=C(C=C2)O)CC(=O)O)Cl", ["5-hydroxydiclofenac is a monocarboxylic acid that is the 5-hydroxylated metabolite of diclofenac. It has a role as a drug metabolite and an allergen. It is a dichlorobenzene, a monocarboxylic acid, a member of phenols and a secondary amino compound. It is functionally related to a diclofenac.", "5-Hydroxydiclofenac is a natural product found in Bos taurus with data available."]], ["Benzamide, 4-amino-N-1-azabicyclo(3.3.1)non-4-yl-5-chloro-2-methoxy-", "COC1=C(C=CC(=C1Cl)N)C(=O)NC2CCN3CCCC2C3", ["Renzapride is currently in Phase III clinical development in the United States for the treatment of constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-C). It has been suggested that renzapride is effective in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with alternating stool pattern. It is being developed by Alizyme of the UK."]], ["Rivoglitazone", "CN1C2=C(C=CC(=C2)OC)N=C1COC3=CC=C(C=C3)CC4C(=O)NC(=O)S4", ["Rivoglitazone (INN) is a thiazolidinedione undergoing research for use in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. It is being developed by Daiichi Sankyo Co.", "Rivoglitazone is an agent belonging to the glitazone class of antidiabetic agents with antihyperglycemic activity."]], ["2-Aminomethyl-1-(m-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanol", "COC1=CC=CC(=C1)C2(CCCCC2CN)O", ["2-Aminomethyl-1-(m-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanol is a member of methoxybenzenes."]], ["3,4-Methylenedioxy-N-isopropylamphetamine", "CC(C)NC(C)CC1=CC2=C(C=C1)OCO2", ["MDI-P has demonstrated potent anti-HIV activity. MDI-P has been shown to be effective in killing HIV in cell culture. HIV is the virus that causes acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). MDI-P is also a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of the symptoms of cystic fibrosis (\"CF\")."]], ["Safingol", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[C@@H]([C@H](CO)N)O", ["Safingol ( L-threo-sphinganine) is an amino alcohol.", "Safingol has been used in trials studying the treatment of Unspecified Adult Solid Tumor, Protocol Specific.", "Safingol is a saturated derivative of sphingosine. As an inhibitor of protein kinase C (PKC), safingol competitively binds to the regulatory phorbol-binding domain of PKC, a kinase involved in tumorigenesis. This agent has been shown to act synergistically with other chemotherapeutic agents and may potentiate chemotherapy drug-induced apoptosis in vitro and in vivo."]], ["Ucn-01", "C[C@@]12[C@@H]([C@@H](C[C@@H](O1)N3C4=CC=CC=C4C5=C6C(=C7C8=CC=CC=C8N2C7=C53)[C@@H](NC6=O)O)NC)OC", ["Ucn-01 is a natural product found in Streptomyces with data available."]], ["Sodium chromate CR-51", "[O-][51Cr](=O)(=O)[O-].[Na+].[Na+]", ["Sodium Chromate Cr-51 is a radiopharmaceutical providing radioactive chromium-51 in the form of sodium chromate for diagnostic usage. Upon dissociation, the chromate ion binds to the membrane of red blood cells. Following translocation across the cell membrane, the ion binds to intracellular hemoglobin, thereby allowing imaging to determine red blood cell volume, survival time and evaluate blood loss."]], ["Orthoclase", "[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Si+4].[Si+4].[Si+4].[K+]", ["Orthoclase is a mineral with formula of KAlSi3O8 or K(AlSi3O8). The corresponding IMA (International Mineralogical Association) number is IMA1962 s.p.. The IMA symbol is Or."]], ["Copper arsenate hydroxide (Cu2(AsO4)(OH))", "[OH-].[O-][As](=O)([O-])[O-].[Cu+2].[Cu+2]", ["Copper arsenate hydroxide is a variant of copper arsenate found naturally as the mineral olivenite. Copper is a chemical element with the symbol Cu and atomic number 29. Copper is an essential elements in plants and animals as it is required for the normal functioning of more than 30 enzymes. It occurs naturally throughout the environment in rocks, soil, water, and air. Arsenic is a chemical element that has the symbol As and atomic number 33. It is a poisonous metalloid that has many allotropic forms: yellow (molecular non-metallic) and several black and grey forms (metalloids) are a few that are seen. Three metalloidal forms of arsenic with different crystal structures are found free in nature (the minerals arsenopyrite and the much rarer arsenolamprite and pararsenolamprite), but it is more commonly found as a compound with other elements. (T3, L277, L278, L380)"]], ["Nerispirdine", "CCCN(C1=C(C=NC=C1)F)N2C=C(C3=CC=CC=C32)C", ["Nerispirdine has been used in trials studying the treatment of Neuritis, Optic Nerve, and Multiple Sclerosis."]], ["1-(11-(dodecylamino)-10-hydroxyundecyl)-3,7-dihydro-3,7-dimethyl-1H-purine-2,6-dione", "CCCCCCCCCCCCNCC(CCCCCCCCCN1C(=O)C2=C(N=CN2C)N(C1=O)C)O", ["CT-2584 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Prostate Cancer."]], ["Laromustine", "CNC(=O)N(N(CCCl)S(=O)(=O)C)S(=O)(=O)C", ["VNP40101M is a novel alkylating agent that has been used in trials studying the treatment of Leukemia, Lymphoma, Lung Cancer, Small Intestine Cancer, and Myelodysplastic Syndromes, among others.", "Laromustine is a sulfonyl hydrazine prodrug with antineoplastic activity. Laromustine releases the DNA chloroethylating agent 90CE after entering the blood stream; 90CE chloroethylates alkylates the O6 position of guanine, resulting in DNA crosslinking, strand breaks, chromosomal aberrations, and disruption of DNA synthesis. Intracellular metabolism of this agent also releases methyl isocyanate which inhibits O6-alkyl-guanine transferase, an enzyme involved with DNA repair."]], ["Telavancin", "CCCCCCCCCCNCCN[C@]1(C[C@@H](O[C@H]([C@H]1O)C)O[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O[C@H]2OC3=C4C=C5C=C3OC6=C(C=C(C=C6)[C@H]([C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@H]5C(=O)N[C@@H]7C8=CC(=C(C=C8)O)C9=C(C(=C(C=C9[C@H](NC(=O)[C@H]([C@@H](C1=CC(=C(O4)C=C1)Cl)O)NC7=O)C(=O)O)O)CNCP(=O)(O)O)O)CC(=O)N)NC(=O)[C@@H](CC(C)C)NC)O)Cl)CO)O)O)C", ["Telavancin is a glycopeptide that is vancomycin substituted at position N-3'' by a 2-(decylamino)ethyl group and at position C-29 by a (phosphonomethyl)aminomethyl group. Used as its hydrochloride salt for treatment of adults with complicated skin and skin structure infections caused by bacteria. It has a role as an antibacterial drug and an antimicrobial agent. It is functionally related to a vancomycin.", "Telavancin is a semi-synthetic derivative of vanocymycin that has bactericidal activity against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and other gram-positive bacteria.  MRSA is an important pathogen capable of causing hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP), ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), and skin and subcutaneous tissue infections among others.", "Telavancin is a Lipoglycopeptide Antibacterial."]], ["Motexafin lutetium", "CCC1=C(C2=CC3=NC(=CN=C4C=C(C(=CC4=NC=C5C(=C(C(=N5)C=C1[N-]2)CCCO)C)OCCOCCOCCOC)OCCOCCOCCOC)C(=C3CCCO)C)CC.CC(=O)[O-].CC(=O)[O-].O.[Lu+3]", ["Motexafin Lutetium is a pentadentate aromatic metallotexaphyrin with photosensitizing properties. Motexafin lutetium preferentially accumulates in tumor cells due to their increased rates of metabolism and absorbs light, forming an extended high energy conformational state that produces high quantum yields of singlet oxygen, resulting in local cytotoxic effects. (NCI04)"]], ["Pactimibe", "CCCCCCCCN1CCC2=C(C(=C(C(=C21)NC(=O)C(C)(C)C)C)CC(=O)O)C", ["Pactimibe has been used in trials studying the treatment of Atherosclerosis and Coronary Heart Disease."]], ["Invert sugar", "C([C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](C=O)O)O)O)O)O.C([C@H]([C@H]([C@@H](C(=O)CO)O)O)O)O", ["Invert sugar is obtained from sugar cane when this is treated with dilute acid or with the invertase enzyme. It is formed by an equal amount of glucose and fructose. It differentiates from sugar cane in the rotation of the polarized light, which in the case of invert sugar it is to the left (levorotatory). Invert sugar is FDA approved since 1988 as a safe substance (GRAS)."]], ["Selodenoson", "CCNC(=O)[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O1)N2C=NC3=C(N=CN=C32)NC4CCCC4)O)O", ["Selodenoson is under investigation in clinical trial NCT00040001 (Safety and Efficacy Study of an A1-adenosine Receptor Agonist to Slow Heart Rate in Atrial Fibrillation)."]], ["Ajulemic acid", "CCCCCCC(C)(C)C1=CC(=C2[C@@H]3CC(=CC[C@H]3C(OC2=C1)(C)C)C(=O)O)O", ["Ajulemic acid has been used in trials studying the treatment of Cystic Fibrosis, Dermatomyositis, and Diffuse Cutaneous Systemic Sclerosis.", "Ajulemic acid is a natural product found in Cannabis sativa with data available."]], ["Arformoterol", "C[C@H](CC1=CC=C(C=C1)OC)NC[C@@H](C2=CC(=C(C=C2)O)NC=O)O", ["Arformoterol is an N-[2-hydroxy-5-(1-hydroxy-2-{[1-(4-methoxyphenyl)propan-2-yl]amino}ethyl)phenyl]formamide in which both of the stereocentres have R configuration. The active enantiomer of formoterol, it is administered by inhalation (generally as the tartrate salt) as a direct-acting sympathomimetic and bronchodilator for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (any progressive respiratory disease that makes it harder to breathe over time, such as chronic bronchitis and emphysema). It has a role as a bronchodilator agent, an anti-asthmatic drug and a beta-adrenergic agonist. It is a conjugate base of an arformoterol(1+). It is an enantiomer of a (S,S)-formoterol.", "Arformoterol is a bronchodilator. It works by relaxing muscles in the airways to improve breathing. Arformoterol inhalation is used to prevent bronchoconstriction in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, including chronic bronchitis and emphysema. The use of arformoterol is pending revision due to safety concerns in regards to an increased risk of severe exacerbation of asthma symptoms, leading to hospitalization as well as death in some patients using long-acting beta agonists for the treatment of asthma.", "Formoterol is a beta2-Adrenergic Agonist. The mechanism of action of formoterol is as an Adrenergic beta2-Agonist.", "Arformoterol is a beta2-Adrenergic Agonist. The mechanism of action of arformoterol is as an Adrenergic beta2-Agonist.", "Formoterol Fumarate is the fumarate salt form of formoterol, a long-acting and selective sympathomimetic beta-receptor agonist with bronchodilator activity. Formoterol fumarate binds beta 2 adrenergic receptors in bronchial smooth muscle and stimulates intracellular adenyl cyclase, thereby increasing the production of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). Increased cAMP levels cause relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle, improve mucociliary clearance and reduce mediator substance release in inflammatory cells, especially from mast cells. (NCI05)", "Arformoterol is a long-acting beta-2 adrenergic agonist and isomer of formoterol with bronchodilator activity. Arformoterol selectively binds to and activates beta-2 adrenergic receptors in bronchiolar smooth muscle, thereby causing stimulation of adenyl cyclase, the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to cyclic-3',5'-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). Increased intracellular cAMP levels cause relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle and lead to a reduced release of inflammatory mediators from mast cells. This may eventually lead to an improvement of airway function.", "Formoterol is a long-acting beta-adrenergic receptor agonist with bronchodilator activity. Formoterol selectively binds to beta-2 adrenergic receptors in bronchial smooth muscle, thereby activating intracellular adenyl cyclase, an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to cyclic-3',5'-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). Increased cAMP levels cause relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle, relieve bronchospasms, improve mucociliary clearance and reduce mediator substance release from inflammatory cells, especially from mast cells.", "An ADRENERGIC BETA-2 RECEPTOR AGONIST with a prolonged duration of action. It is used to manage ASTHMA and in the treatment of CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE."]], ["Bacitracin zinc", "CCC(C)C1C(=O)NC(C(=O)NC(C(=O)NC(C(=O)NC(C(=O)NCCCCC(C(=O)NC(C(=O)N1)CCCN)NC(=O)C(C(C)CC)NC(=O)C(CCC(=O)O)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C2CSC(=N2)C(C(C)CC)N)CC(=O)N)CC(=O)O)CC3C=NC=N3)CC4=CC=CC=C4.[Zn]", ["Bacitracin Zinc is the zinc salt form of bacitracin, a complex of cyclic polypeptide antibiotics, mainly bacitracin A, produced by spore-forming organisms belonging to the licheniformin group of the Bacillus subtilis with antibacterial activity. Bacitracin zinc binds to C55-isoprenyl pyrophosphate, a biphosphate lipid transport molecule that carries the building blocks of the peptidoglycan bacterial cell wall, thereby interfering with the enzymatic dephosphorylation of the C55-isoprenyl pyrophosphate and preventing peptidoglycan synthesis which leads to cell lysis."]], ["Monovisc", "CC(=O)N[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O[C@H]1O)CO)O)O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O2)C(=O)O)O[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O3)CO)O)O[C@H]4[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O4)C(=O)O)O)O)O)NC(=O)C)O)O.[Na+]", ["A natural high-viscosity mucopolysaccharide with alternating beta (1-3) glucuronide and beta (1-4) glucosaminidic bonds. It is found in the UMBILICAL CORD, in VITREOUS BODY and in SYNOVIAL FLUID. A high urinary level is found in PROGERIA."]], ["Copper monofluoride", "F[Cu]", ["Copper(I) fluoride is a fluoride of copper. Copper is a chemical element with the symbol Cu and atomic number 29. Copper is an essential elements in plants and animals as it is required for the normal functioning of more than 30 enzymes. It occurs naturally throughout the environment in rocks, soil, water, and air. (L277, L278)"]], ["Einecs 252-300-8", "C(F)(F)(F)S(=O)[O-].C(F)(F)(F)S(=O)[O-].[Cu+2]", ["Copper(II) triflate is a chemical compound of copper. Copper is a chemical element with the symbol Cu and atomic number 29. Copper is an essential elements in plants and animals as it is required for the normal functioning of more than 30 enzymes. It occurs naturally throughout the environment in rocks, soil, water, and air. (L277, L278)"]], ["2-(Chloromethyl)oxirane; prop-2-en-1-amine", "C=CCN.C1C(O1)CCl", ["Sevelamer is a phosphate binding drug used to prevent hyperphosphataemia in patients with chronic renal failure. It is marketed by Genzyme under the trade name Renagel.", "Sevelamer is a non-absorbable polymeric amine and phosphate binding agent that can be used to prevent hyperphosphatemia. Upon oral administration, the amine groups in sevelamer become protonated in the intestines and bind to the dietary phosphate groups in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, thereby preventing the absorption of phosphate and controlling phosphate plasma levels. In addition, sevelamer, as a phosphate binder, can be used to prevent the absorption of the radionuclide phosphorus P 32 (P-32).", "A polymeric amine that binds phosphate and is used to treat HYPERPHOSPHATEMIA in patients with kidney disease."]], ["Esmirtazapine", "CN1CCN2[C@H](C1)C3=CC=CC=C3CC4=C2N=CC=C4", ["Esmirtazapine, known by the standardized identifier SCH 900265, was under development by Organon to treat insomnia and vasomotor symptoms associated with menopause. Esmirtazapine is the (S)-(+)-enantiomer of mirtazapine and possesses similar overall pharmacology. This includes inverse agonist activity of H1 and 5-HT2 receptors and antagonism of \u03b12-adrenergic receptors. Merck has terminated its internal clinical development program for esmirtazapine as of March 2010.", "A piperazinoazepine tetracyclic compound that enhances the release of NOREPINEPHRINE and SEROTONIN through blockage of presynaptic ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS. It also blocks both 5-HT2 and 5-HT3 serotonin receptors and is a potent HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTOR antagonist. It is used for the treatment of depression, and may also be useful for the treatment of anxiety disorders."]], ["Ginsenosides", "CC(=CCCC(C)([C@H]1CC[C@@]2(C1CC[C@H]3[C@]2(CC[C@@H]4[C@@]3(CC[C@@H](C4(C)C)O)C)C)C)O)C", ["Dammarane type triterpene saponins based mainly on the aglycones, protopanaxadiol and protopanaxatriol.", "Ginsenosides is a natural product found in Panax ginseng, Panax pseudoginseng, and Codonopsis pilosula with data available.", "Dammarane type triterpene saponins based mainly on the aglycones, protopanaxadiol and protopanaxatriol."]], ["Quinagolide", "CCCN1C[C@H](C[C@H]2[C@H]1CC3=C(C2)C(=CC=C3)O)NS(=O)(=O)N(CC)CC", ["Quinagolide is an organonitrogen heterocyclic compound and an organic heterotricyclic compound.", "Quinagolide is a non-ergot-derived selective dopamine D2 receptor agonist used for the treatment of elevated levels of prolactin or hyperprolactinaemia. Hyperprolalctinaemia is associated with gonadal dysfunction, including infertility and reduced libido, as well as long-term complications such as osteoporosis. Newer dopamine receptor agonists such as quinagolide and [DB00248] are shown to effectively inhibit prolactin secretion with improved efficacy over [DB01200]. These drugs are effective in patients who are intolerant or resistant to [DB01200]. Quinagolide exists as a racemate and its relevant clinical activity is mediated predominantly by the (-) enantiomer. It is typically present in the hydrochloride salt form and is marketed as oral tablets under the brand name Norprolac contained as a racemate. Quinagolide is currently available in several countries including Canada, but not approved for treatment in the United States."]], ["Pirarubicin HCl", "C[C@H]1[C@H]([C@H](C[C@@H](O1)O[C@H]2C[C@@](CC3=C2C(=C4C(=C3O)C(=O)C5=C(C4=O)C(=CC=C5)OC)O)(C(=O)CO)O)N)O[C@H]6CCCCO6.Cl", ["Pirarubicin Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of pirarubicin, an analogue of the anthracycline antineoplastic antibiotic doxorubicin with antineoplastic activity. Pirarubicin intercalates into DNA and interacts with topoisomerase II, thereby inhibiting DNA replication and repair as well as RNA and protein synthesis. This agent is less cardiotoxic than doxorubicin and exhibits activity against some doxorubicin-resistant cell lines."]], ["(2R,3S,4R,5R,8R,10R,11R,12S,13S,14R)-11-[(3R,4S,6R)-4-(dimethylamino)-3-hydroxy-6-methyl-tetrahydropyran-2-yl]oxy-2-ethyl-3,4,10-trihydroxy-13-[(4R,5S,6S)-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-4,6-dimethyl-tetrahydropyran-2-yl]oxy-3,5,6,8,10,12,14-heptamethyl-1-oxa-6-azacyclopentadecan-15-one", "CC[C@@H]1[C@@]([C@@H]([C@H](N(C[C@@H](C[C@@]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](C(=O)O1)C)OC2C[C@@]([C@H]([C@@H](O2)C)O)(C)OC)C)OC3[C@@H]([C@H](C[C@H](O3)C)N(C)C)O)(C)O)C)C)C)O)(C)O", ["A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic structurally related to ERYTHROMYCIN. It has been used in the treatment of Mycobacterium avium intracellulare infections, toxoplasmosis, and cryptosporidiosis."]], ["Atreleuton", "C[C@H](C#CC1=CC=C(S1)CC2=CC=C(C=C2)F)N(C(=O)N)O", ["Atreleuton has been used in trials studying the treatment of Atherosclerosis and Coronary Artery Disease."]], ["Ioflupane I-123", "COC(=O)[C@@H]1[C@H]2CC[C@H](N2CCCF)C[C@@H]1C3=CC=C(C=C3)[123I]", ["Ioflupane I(123) is an azabicycloalkane that is ecgonine methyl ester in which the N-methyl group is replaced by 3-fluoropropyl and the 3beta-hydroxy group is replaced by 4-((123)I)iodophenyl. Used for the imaging of dopamine transporters in the brain of adult patients with potential Parkinsonian Syndromes. It has a role as a radioactive imaging agent and a radiopharmaceutical. It is an azabicycloalkane, an organofluorine compound and a methyl ester. It is functionally related to an ecgonine.", "Ioflupane (I-123) is a radiopharmaceutical used to image dopamine neurons and diagnose Parkinsonian syndromes.", "Ioflupane i-123 is a Radioactive Diagnostic Agent. The mechanism of action of ioflupane i-123 is as a Radiopharmaceutical Activity."]], ["Sivifene", "C1=CC(=CC=C1C(=NNC2=C(C=C(C=C2)[N+](=O)[O-])[N+](=O)[O-])C3=CC=C(C=C3)O)O", ["Sivifene is the phenylhydrazone 4,4'-dihydroxybenzophenone-2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone formulated as a topical agent with immunomodulating and potential antineoplastic activities. Applied topically as a gel, sivifene may stimulate a local immune response against human papillomavirus (HPV)-induced cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)."]], ["Triazavirin", "CSC1=NC2=NN=C(C(=O)N2N1)[N+](=O)[O-]", ["Triazavirin is a guanine nucleotide analog antiviral originally developed in Russia that has shown efficacy against influenza A and B, including the H5N1 strain. It appears that Triazavirin has shown promise in reducing influenza disease severity and associated complications. Given the similarities between SARS-CoV-2 and H5N1, health officials are investigating Triazavirin as an option to combat SARS-CoV-2, the coronavirus responsible for COVID-19.", "Riamilovir is a synthetic guanine derivative, with potential broad-spectrum antiviral activity. Upon administration, riamilovir inhibits viral RNA synthesis, thereby preventing viral transcription and replication. Riamilovir may also bind to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). This may block the entry of SARS-CoV-2 into human host cells."]], ["Benztropine mesylate", "CN1[C@@H]2CC[C@H]1CC(C2)OC(C3=CC=CC=C3)C4=CC=CC=C4.CS(=O)(=O)O", ["Benztropine Mesylate is a synthetic antiparkinson tertiary amine structurally related to atropine, Benztropine Mesylate acts as a central muscarinic antagonist and inhibits dopamine uptake. With antihistaminic and local anesthetic properties as well, it is indicated for symptomatic relief of parkinsonism and drug-induced extrapyramidal reactions. (NCI04)", "A centrally active muscarinic antagonist that has been used in the symptomatic treatment of PARKINSON DISEASE. Benztropine also inhibits the uptake of dopamine."]], ["L-Hexanoylcarnitine", "CCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](CC(=O)[O-])C[N+](C)(C)C", ["O-hexanoyl-L-carnitine is an O-hexanoylcarnitine that has L configuration. It has a role as a human metabolite. It is an O-hexanoylcarnitine and a saturated fatty acyl-L-carnitine.", "L-Hexanoylcarnitine is a natural product found in Pseudo-nitzschia multistriata with data available."]], ["Oxaloacetate Ion", "C(C(=O)C(=O)O)C(=O)[O-]", ["A dicarboxylic acid ketone that is an important metabolic intermediate of the CITRIC ACID CYCLE. It can be converted to ASPARTIC ACID by ASPARTATE TRANSAMINASE."]], ["2,1,3-Benzoxadiazol-5-yl(morpholin-4-yl)methanone", "C1COCCN1C(=O)C2=CC3=NON=C3C=C2", ["CX-717 is an ampakine compound previously investigated for the treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Alzheimer's disease."]], ["4-[4-(4-Chloro-phenoxy)-benzenesulfonylmethyl]-tetrahydro-pyran-4-carboxylic acid hydroxyamide", "C1COCCC1(CS(=O)(=O)C2=CC=C(C=C2)OC3=CC=C(C=C3)Cl)C(=O)NO", ["CTS-1027 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Hepatitis C and Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection."]], ["N,O-Didesmethylvenlafaxine", "CNCC(C1=CC=C(C=C1)O)C2(CCCCC2)O", ["N,O-didesmethylvenlafaxine is a secondary amino compound that is N-methylethanamine substituted by a 1-hydroxycyclohexyl and a 4-hydroxyphenyl group at position 1. It is a metabolite of the drug venlafaxine. It has a role as a marine xenobiotic metabolite and a drug metabolite. It is a member of cyclohexanols, a member of phenols and a secondary amino compound."]], ["Bromohydrin pyrophosphate", "CC(CCOP(=O)(O)OP(=O)(O)O)(CBr)O", ["Bromohydrin pyrophosphate is an alkyl diphosphate having bromohydrin as the alkyl group. It has a role as a phosphoantigen. It is an alkyl diphosphate and an organobromine compound.", "IPH 1101 is a chemically-synthesized structural analog of non-conventional bacterial phosphoantigens which specifically activate the V\u03b39V\u03b42 T cell subset. IPH 1101 is the most advanced drug candidate of the \u03b3\u03b4 T cell platform"]], ["N-Desmethylvenlafaxine", "CNCC(C1=CC=C(C=C1)OC)C2(CCCCC2)O", ["N-desmethylvenlafaxine is a monomethoxybenzene that is the N-desmethyl derivative of venlafaxine. It has a role as a marine xenobiotic metabolite and a drug metabolite. It is a member of cyclohexanols, a monomethoxybenzene and a secondary amino compound."]], ["Bis[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl] 2,6,11,15-tetramethylhexadeca-2,4,6,8,10,12,14-heptaenedioate", "CC(=CC=CC=C(C)C=CC=C(C)C(=O)OC1C(C(C(C(O1)COC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O)C=CC=C(C)C(=O)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)COC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O", ["Bis[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl] 2,6,11,15-tetramethylhexadeca-2,4,6,8,10,12,14-heptaenedioate is a natural product found in Gardenia and Crocus sativus with data available."]], ["3-Hydroxybutyrate", "CC(CC(=O)[O-])O", ["3-hydroxybutyrate is a hydroxy fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of 3-hydroxybutyric acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3. It has a role as a human metabolite. It is functionally related to a butyrate. It is a conjugate base of a 3-hydroxybutyric acid.", "3-Hydroxybutyrate is a hydroxy fatty acid anion and ketone body synthesized in the liver from acetyl-Coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) by the enzyme 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase. 3-hydroxybutyrate can be used as an energy source when glucose levels drop. Elevated urine and serum levels of 3-hydroxybutyrate are seen in ketosis and ketoacidosis.", "BUTYRIC ACID substituted in the beta or 3 position. It is one of the ketone bodies produced in the liver."]], ["Valproate", "CCCC(CCC)C(=O)[O-]", ["Valproate is a branched-chain saturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of valproic acid. It has a role as an antimanic drug. It is functionally related to a valerate. It is a conjugate base of a valproic acid.", "Valproate or valproic acid is a branched chain organic acid that is used as therapy of epilepsy, bipolar disorders and migraine headaches and is a well known cause of several distinctive forms of acute and chronic liver injury.", "A fatty acid with anticonvulsant and anti-manic properties that is used in the treatment of EPILEPSY and BIPOLAR DISORDER. The mechanisms of its therapeutic actions are not well understood. It may act by increasing GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID levels in the brain or by altering the properties of VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS."]], ["Astramembrangenin", "CC1(C(CCC23C1C(CC4C2(C3)CCC5(C4(CC(C5C6(CCC(O6)C(C)(C)O)C)O)C)C)O)O)C", ["Astramembrangenin is a natural product found in Astragalus mongholicus and Astragalus membranaceus with data available."]], ["CID 3680403", "C1=CC=C(C(=C1)C2=C3C=CC(=O)C=C3OC4=C2C=CC(=C4)[O-])C(=O)[O-].[Na+].[Na+]", ["A phthalic indicator dye that appears yellow-green in normal tear film and bright green in a more alkaline medium such as the aqueous humor."]], ["Intropin", "C1=CC(=C(C=C1CC[NH3+])O)O", ["Dopaminium(1+) is an ammonium ion that is the conjugate acid of dopamine; major species at pH 7.3. It has a role as a human metabolite. It is a conjugate acid of a dopamine.", "One of the catecholamine NEUROTRANSMITTERS in the brain. It is derived from TYROSINE and is the precursor to NOREPINEPHRINE and EPINEPHRINE. Dopamine is a major transmitter in the extrapyramidal system of the brain, and important in regulating movement. A family of receptors (RECEPTORS, DOPAMINE) mediate its action."]], ["Vincristine (free base)", "CCC1(CC2CC(C3=C(CCN(C2)C1)C4=CC=CC=C4N3)(C5=C(C=C6C(=C5)C78CCN9C7C(C=CC9)(C(C(C8N6C=O)(C(=O)OC)O)OC(=O)C)CC)OC)C(=O)OC)O", ["Vincristine appears as a white crystalline solid. Melting point 218 \u00b0C. Used as an antineoplastic.", "Vincristine (free base) is a natural product found in Vinca minor with data available.", "Vincristine is a natural alkaloid isolated from the plant Vinca rosea Linn. Vincristine binds irreversibly to microtubules and spindle proteins in S phase of the cell cycle and interferes with the formation of the mitotic spindle, thereby arresting tumor cells in metaphase. This agent also depolymerizes microtubules and may also interfere with amino acid, cyclic AMP, and glutathione metabolism; calmodulin-dependent Ca++ -transport ATPase activity; cellular respiration; and nucleic acid and lipid biosynthesis. (NCI04)", "An antitumor alkaloid isolated from VINCA ROSEA. (Merck, 11th ed.)"]], ["2-(3,4-Dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl)-2-hydroxyethyl octadecanoate", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(C1C(C(CO1)O)O)O", ["2-(3,4-Dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl)-2-hydroxyethyl octadecanoate is a fatty acid ester."]], ["Methyl 11-acetyloxy-12-ethyl-4-(17-ethyl-17-hydroxy-13-methoxycarbonyl-1,11-diazatetracyclo[13.3.1.04,12.05,10]nonadeca-4(12),5,7,9-tetraen-13-yl)-10-hydroxy-5-methoxy-8-methyl-8,16-diazapentacyclo[10.6.1.01,9.02,7.016,19]nonadeca-2,4,6,13-tetraene-10-carboxylate", "CCC1(CC2CC(C3=C(CCN(C2)C1)C4=CC=CC=C4N3)(C5=C(C=C6C(=C5)C78CCN9C7C(C=CC9)(C(C(C8N6C)(C(=O)OC)O)OC(=O)C)CC)OC)C(=O)OC)O", ["LSM-36946 is a vinca alkaloid.", "Vinblastine is a natural alkaloid isolated from the plant Vinca rosea Linn. Vinblastine binds to tubulin and inhibits microtubule formation, resulting in disruption of mitotic spindle assembly and arrest of tumor cells in the M phase of the cell cycle. This agent may also interfere with amino acid, cyclic AMP, and glutathione metabolism; calmodulin-dependent Ca++ -transport ATPase activity; cellular respiration; and nucleic acid and lipid biosynthesis. (NCI04)", "Antitumor alkaloid isolated from Vinca rosea. (Merck, 11th ed.)"]], ["Malvin", "COC1=CC(=CC(=C1O)OC)C2=C(C=C3C(=CC(=CC3=[O+]2)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O", ["Malvin is a natural product found in Geranium platyanthum with data available."]], ["1-Cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-4-oxo-7-piperazin-4-ium-1-ylquinoline-3-carboxylate", "C1CC1N2C=C(C(=O)C3=CC(=C(C=C32)N4CC[NH2+]CC4)F)C(=O)[O-]", ["Ciprofloxacin zwitterion is a zwitterion formed from ciprofloxacin by transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group; major species at pH 7.3. It is a tautomer of a ciprofloxacin.", "Ciprofloxacin is an antibacterial prescription medicine approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment and prevention of several infections caused by certain types of bacteria, for example, certain urinary tract infections, lower respiratory tract infections, and skin infections.", "Cipro is a natural product found in Hohenbuehelia grisea, Epicoccum nigrum, and other organisms with data available.", "A broad-spectrum antimicrobial carboxyfluoroquinoline.", "See also: Ciprofloxacin (preferred)."]], ["Tin, ion (Sn4+)", "[Sn+4]", ["Tin(4+) is a monoatomic tetracation and an elemental tin.", "Tin is a trace element that is required in bone formation. It has the atomic symbol Sn, atomic number 50, and atomic weight 118.71. (PubChem). Experimental studies over the last decade have suggested an association between thymus immune and homeostatic function and exogenous tin. It has been hypothesized that the thymus gland synthesizes and secretes one or more tin bearing factors that enhance immune defenses against malignancy and retard the gradual loss of immune capacity with senescence. (A7774). Physiologically, it exists as an ion in the body. Inorganic tin salts are poorly absorbed and rapidly excreted in the faeces; as a result they have a low toxicity. Only about 5 per cent is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, widely distributed in the body, then excreted by the kidney. Some tin is deposited in lung and bone. Some tin salts can cause renal necrosis after parenteral doses. Mutagenic studies on metallic tin and its compounds have been negative. Long-term animal carcinogenic studies have shown fewer malignant tumors in animals exposed to tin than in controls. Human volunteers developed mild signs of toxicity with tin, given in fruit juices, at a concentration of 1400 mg per litre. The WHO 1973 permissible limit for tin in tinned food is 250 micrograms per kg. The adult daily intake of tin was about 17 mg per day in 1940, but it has now decreased to about 3.5 mg, due to improvements in technique of tinning with enamel overcoat and crimped lids to minimize exposure to tin and lead solder. (A7775).", "A low-molecular-weight heparin with anticoagulant properties that is used in the prevention and treatment of VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM, and to prevent clotting during EXTRACORPOREAL CIRCULATION."]], ["Farampator", "C1CCN(CC1)C(=O)C2=CC3=NON=C3C=C2", ["Farampator is under investigation in clinical trial NCT00113022 (Org 24448 to Treat Major Depression)."]], ["Dextran", "C(C1C(C(C(C(O1)OCC2C(C(C(C(O2)OCC(C(C(C(C=O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O", ["Dextran is a polysaccharide that differs from others in that its glucose units are joined together 1:6 glucoside links. The main chain of glucose has short branches at frequent intervals which are probably joined by 1:3 and 1:4 glucoside links. The chains can be composed of about 200,000 glucose units. Many bacteria, like Leuconostoc, can synthesize dextran from sucrose, and this activity is used commercially to obtain dextran.  Dextran 40 is a sterile, nonpyrogenic preparation of low molecular weight dextran (average mol. wt. 40,000) in 5% Dextrose Injection or 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection. It is administered by intravenous infusion.  Dextran 75 is a complex branched glucan with an average molecular weight 75000 Daltons. It is produced from certain bacteria that with \u03b1-1,6 glycosidic linkages between glucose molecules and \u03b1-1,3 linkages between branches. When labelled with technetium Tc99m, dextran 75 is intravenously administered as an imaging agent to detect and diagnose conditions in the vascular compartment such as pericardial effusion or ventricular aneurysm.", "Dextran 70 is a plasma volume expander.", "A group of glucose polymers made by certain bacteria. Dextrans are used therapeutically as plasma volume expanders and anticoagulants. They are also commonly used in biological experimentation and in industry for a wide variety of purposes."]], ["2-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(6,7-dihydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridin-5(4H)-yl)acetic acid", "C1CN(CC2=C1SC=C2)C(C3=CC=CC=C3Cl)C(=O)O", ["Clopidogrel carboxylic acid is a thienopyridine that is 6,7-dihydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridin-5(4H)-ylacetic acid substituted by a 2-chlorophenyl group at position 2. It is a metabolite of the drug clopidogrel. It has a role as a marine xenobiotic metabolite and a drug metabolite. It is a member of monochlorobenzenes, a thienopyridine, a monocarboxylic acid and a tertiary amino compound."]], ["Hydroxypioglitazone", "CC(C1=CN=C(C=C1)CCOC2=CC=C(C=C2)CC3C(=O)NC(=O)S3)O", ["Hydroxypioglitazone is a member of the class of thiazolidenediones that is the hydroxy derivative of pioglitazone. It has a role as a human xenobiotic metabolite. It is a member of thiazolidinediones, a member of pyridines and an aromatic ether. It is functionally related to a pioglitazone.", "Leriglitazone is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03917225 (A Clinical Study to Evaluate the Effect of MIN-102 on the Progression of Friedreich's Ataxia in Male and Female Patients)."]], ["Azovan Blue", "CC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C2=CC(=C(C=C2)N=NC3=C(C4=C(C=C3)C(=CC(=C4N)S(=O)(=O)[O-])S(=O)(=O)[O-])O)C)N=NC5=C(C6=C(C=C5)C(=CC(=C6N)S(=O)(=O)[O-])S(=O)(=O)[O-])O", ["Evans blue(4-) is an organosulfonate oxoanion obtained by deprotonation of the four sulfo groups of 6,6'-{(3,3'-dimethyl[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diyl)bis[diazene-2,1-diyl]}bis(4-amino-5-hydroxynaphthalene-1,3-disulfonic acid). It is a conjugate base of an Evans blue free acid.", "An azo dye used in blood volume and cardiac output measurement by the dye dilution method. It is very soluble, strongly bound to plasma albumin, and disappears very slowly."]], ["22-(4-Amino-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxy-1,3,26-trihydroxy-12-methyl-10-oxo-6,11,28-trioxatricyclo[22.3.1.05,7]octacosa-8,14,16,18,20-pentaene-25-carboxylic acid", "CC1CC=CC=CC=CC=CC(CC2C(C(CC(O2)(CC(CC3C(O3)C=CC(=O)O1)O)O)O)C(=O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)C)O)N)O", ["Natamycin is a polyene amphoteric macrolide antibiotic with antifungal properties. Natamycin exerts its antifungal effects by binding to sterols in the fungal cell membrane thereby increasing membrane permeability. This leads to a leakage and loss of essential cellular constituents. Following ocular application, natamycin is retained in the conjunctival fornices and attains effective concentrations within the corneal stroma where it exerts its effect.", "Amphoteric macrolide antifungal antibiotic from Streptomyces natalensis or S. chattanoogensis. It is used for a variety of fungal infections, mainly topically."]], ["Cellulose hydroxyethylate", "CC(COCC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(OC(C(C2OCC(C)O)OCC(C)O)OCC(C)O)COCC(C)O)OCC(C)O)OCC(C)O)OCC(C)O)O", ["Hydroxyethyl cellulose is a polysaccharide derivative with gel thickening, emulsifying, bubble-forming, water-retaining and stabilizing properties. It is used as a key ingredient in many household cleaning products, lubricants and cosmetics due to its non-ionic and water-soluble nature. It is often used as an ingredient in ophthalmic pharmaceutical preparations such as artificial tear solutions and adjunct agent in topical drug formulations to facilitate the delivery of drugs with hydrophobic character."]], ["Irium", "CCCCCCCCCCCCOS(=O)(=O)[O-]", ["Dodecyl sulfate is an organosulfate oxoanion. It has a role as a xenobiotic. It is a conjugate base of a dodecyl hydrogen sulfate.", "An anionic surfactant, usually a mixture of sodium alkyl sulfates, mainly the lauryl; lowers surface tension of aqueous solutions; used as fat emulsifier, wetting agent, detergent in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and toothpastes; also as research tool in protein biochemistry."]], ["6A,6B,6C,6D,6E,6F,6G-Heptakis-O-(2-hydroxypropyl)-beta-cyclodextrin", "CC(COCC1C2C(C(C(O1)OC3C(OC(C(C3O)O)OC4C(OC(C(C4O)O)OC5C(OC(C(C5O)O)OC6C(OC(C(C6O)O)OC7C(OC(C(C7O)O)OC8C(OC(O2)C(C8O)O)COCC(C)O)COCC(C)O)COCC(C)O)COCC(C)O)COCC(C)O)COCC(C)O)O)O)O", ["Derivative of beta-cyclodextrin that is used as an excipient for steroid drugs and as a lipid chelator."]], ["Sitagliptin", "C1CN2C(=NN=C2C(F)(F)F)CN1C(=O)C[C@@H](CC3=CC(=C(C=C3F)F)F)N", ["Sitagliptin is a triazolopyrazine that exhibits hypoglycemic activity. It has a role as a serine proteinase inhibitor, a hypoglycemic agent, an EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor, an environmental contaminant and a xenobiotic. It is a triazolopyrazine and a trifluorobenzene.", "Sitagliptin is an oral dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor used in conjunction with diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The effect of this medication leads to glucose dependent increases in insulin and decreases in glucagon to improve control of blood sugar. Sitagliptin was granted FDA approval on October 16, 2006.", "Sitagliptin is a Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitor. The mechanism of action of sitagliptin is as a Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitor.", "Sitagliptin is a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor which is used in combination with diet and exercise in the therapy of type 2 diabetes, either alone or in combination with other oral hypoglycemic agents. Only rare isolated reports of liver injury due to sitagliptin have been published.", "Sitagliptin is an orally available, competitive, beta-amino acid-derived inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DDP-4) with hypoglycemic activity. Sitagliptin may cause an increased risk in the development of pancreatitis.", "A pyrazine-derived DIPEPTIDYL-PEPTIDASE IV INHIBITOR and HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENT that increases the levels of the INCRETIN hormones GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDE-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP). It is used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES."]], ["2-[4-(1,2-diphenylbutyl)phenoxy]-N,N-dimethylethanamine", "CCC(C1=CC=CC=C1)C(C2=CC=CC=C2)C3=CC=C(C=C3)OCCN(C)C", ["Chlorotoxin I-131 is investigated in clinical trials for treating brain cancer. Chlorotoxin I-131 binds to and reduces the activity of a matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) that regulates functioning of the chloride channels on cell membranes. Chlorotoxin is a small 36-amino-acid peptide that selectively binds to glioma cells but not normal brain parenchyma. It is a synthetic version of a neurotoxin isolated from the venom of the Giant Yellow Israeli scorpion Leiurus quinquestriatus. The synthetic version of this peptide has been manufactured and covalently linked to iodine 131 as a means of targeting radiation to tumor cells in the treatment of brain cancer. The selective effects of Chlorotoxin I-131 are regulated by its action on MMP2 receptors."]], ["Lead telluride", "[Te]=[Pb]", ["Lead telluride is a chemical compound of lead and tellurium that can be found as the the naturally occuring mineral altaite. It is a narrow gap semiconductor and may be used as an infrared detector material and thermoelectric material. Lead is a heavy metal and stable element with the symbol Pb and the atomic number 82, existing in metallic, organic, and inorganic forms. It is mainly found in nature as the mineral galena (PbS), cerussite (PbCO3) or anglesite (PbSO4), usually in ore with zinc, silver, or copper. (L21, L400)"]], ["Benzeneacetate", "C1=CC=C(C=C1)CC(=O)[O-]", ["Phenylacetate is a monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of phenylacetic acid. It has a role as a human metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite, a plant metabolite and a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite. It is functionally related to an acetate. It is a conjugate base of a phenylacetic acid."]], ["Pentetate(3-)", "C(CN(CC(=O)O)CC(=O)[O-])N(CCN(CC(=O)O)CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-]", ["Pentetate(3-) is a pentacarboxylic acid anion. It is a conjugate base of a pentetate(2-). It is a conjugate acid of a pentetate(4-)."]], ["Sodium phenoxide", "C1=CC=C(C=C1)[O-].[Na+]", ["Sodium phenolate, solid appears as a white to reddish colored solid in the form of crystalline rods. Used as an antiseptic and in organic synthesis.", "Sodium phenolate is a phenolate. It has a role as a disinfectant.", "An antiseptic and disinfectant aromatic alcohol."]], ["[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl] 5-methylsulfinyl-N-sulfooxypentanimidothioate", "CS(=O)CCCCC(=NOS(=O)(=O)O)SC1C(C(C(C(O1)CO)O)O)O", ["[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl] 5-methylsulfinyl-N-sulfooxypentanimidothioate is a natural product found in Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera, Brassica oleracea var. italica, and other organisms with data available."]], ["3-[(6-Deoxyhexopyranosyl)oxy]-11,14-dihydroxycard-20(22)-enolide", "CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2CCC3(C(C2)CCC4C3C(CC5(C4(CCC5C6=CC(=O)OC6)O)C)O)C)O)O)O", ["3-[(6-Deoxyhexopyranosyl)oxy]-11,14-dihydroxycard-20(22)-enolide is a natural product found in Mallotus japonicus and Lotus japonicus with data available."]], ["Tetrodotoxin (citrate free)", "C(C1(C2C3C(N=C(NC34C(C1OC(C4O)(O2)O)O)N)O)O)O", ["Tetrodotoxin is a neurotoxin with potential analgesic activity. Tetrodotoxin binds to the pores of fast voltage-gated fast sodium channels in nerve cell membranes, inhibiting nerve action potentials and blocking nerve transmission. Although found in various species of fish (such as the pufferfish), newts, frogs, flatworms, and crabs, tetrodotoxin, for which there is no known antidote, is actually produced by bacteria such as Vibrio alginolyticus, Pseudoalteromonas tetraodonis, and other vibrio and pseudomonas bacterial species.", "An aminoperhydroquinazoline poison found mainly in the liver and ovaries of fishes in the order TETRAODONTIFORMES, which are eaten. The toxin causes paresthesia and paralysis through interference with neuromuscular conduction."]], ["CID 4616292", "CC12C(C(CC(O1)N3C4=CC=CC=C4C5=C6C(=C7C8=CC=CC=C8N2C7=C53)C(NC6=O)O)NC)OC", ["CID 4616292 is a natural product found in Streptomyces longisporoflavus with data available."]], ["CID 4640670", "C(C1C(C(C(C(O1)[S-])O)O)O)O.[Au+]", ["A thioglucose derivative used as an antirheumatic and experimentally to produce obesity in animals."]], ["3-(Aminomethyl)-5-methylhexanoic acid", "CC(C)CC(CC(=O)O)CN", ["A gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) derivative that functions as a CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER and is used as an ANTICONVULSANT as well as an ANTI-ANXIETY AGENT. It is also used as an ANALGESIC in the treatment of NEUROPATHIC PAIN and FIBROMYALGIA."]], ["1-[4-(Diphenylmethyl)-1-piperazinyl]-3,3-diphenyl-1-propanone", "C1CN(CCN1C(C2=CC=CC=C2)C3=CC=CC=C3)C(=O)CC(C4=CC=CC=C4)C5=CC=CC=C5", ["Z160 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Postherpetic Neuralgia and Lumbosacral Radiculopathy."]], ["Sodium 3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxyoxane-2-carboxylate", "C1(C(C(OC(C1O)O)C(=O)[O-])O)O.[Na+]", ["Sodium Alginate is the sodium salt form of alginic acid and gum mainly extracted from the cell walls of brown algae, with chelating activity. Upon oral administration, sodium alginate binds to and blocks the intestinal absorption of various radioactive isotopes, such as radium Ra 226 (Ra-226) and strontium Sr 90 (Sr-90).", "Salts and esters of ALGINIC ACID that are used as HYDROGELS; DENTAL IMPRESSION MATERIALS, and as absorbent materials for surgical dressings (BANDAGES, HYDROCOLLOID). They are also used to manufacture MICROSPHERES and NANOPARTICLES for DIAGNOSTIC REAGENT KITS and DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS."]], ["CID 5129076", "[Li+].[Li+].[Li+].C(C(=O)[O-])C(CC(=O)[O-])(C(=O)[O-])O", ["Lithium Citrate is the citrate salt of lithium, a monovalent cation with antimanic activity. Although the exact mechanism is unclear, lithium might exert its mood-stabilizing effect via reduction of catecholamine concentration mediated through transneuronal membrane transport of sodium ion by sodium-potassium-stimulated adenosine triphosphatase (Na-K-ATPase). Alternatively, lithium may decrease cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) concentrations, which would desensitize hormonal-sensitive adenylyl cyclase receptors. Furthermore, lithium, in recommended dosage, blocks the activity of inositol-1-phosphatase, thereby resulting in the subsequent decrease of postsynaptic second messengers, diacylglycerol and inositol triphosphate, that contribute to chronic cell stimulation by altering electrical activity in the neuron."]], ["Calcium disodium versenate", "C(C[NH+](CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])[NH+](CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-].[Ca+2]", ["Edetate Calcium Disodium is contracted name for a salt of ethylenediaminetetraacetate, an agent used as a chelator of lead and some other heavy metals. C10H12CaN2Na2O8.", "A chelating agent that sequesters a variety of polyvalent cations such as CALCIUM. It is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a food additive."]], ["Westcort", "CCCCC(=O)OC1(CCC2C1(CC(C3C2CCC4=CC(=O)CCC34C)O)C)C(=O)CO", ["Pentanoic acid [11-hydroxy-17-(2-hydroxy-1-oxoethyl)-10,13-dimethyl-3-oxo-2,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16-decahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl] ester is a 21-hydroxy steroid."]], ["Cyclobutane-1,1-dicarboxylate", "C1CC(C1)(C(=O)[O-])C(=O)[O-]", ["Cyclobutane-1,1-dicarboxylate(2-) is a cyclobutanedicarboxylate. It is a conjugate base of a cyclobutane-1,1-dicarboxylate(1-).", "An organoplatinum compound that possesses antineoplastic activity."]], ["Tetrathiomolybdate", "[SH-].[SH-].S=[Mo]=S", ["Tetrathiomolybdate(2-) is a molybdenum coordination entity. It has a role as a copper chelator.", "Tetrathiomolybdate is an oral, small-molecule, anticopper agent that is highly specific for lowering the levels of free copper in serum. COPREXA has completed pivotal clinical trials for the treatment of neurologic Wilson's disease. It is also developed for fibrotic disorders based upon the rationale that the fibrotic disease process is dependent upon the availability of free copper in the body.", "Tetrathiomolybdate is an orally bioavailable metal copper (Cu) chelator, with potential antiangiogenic, anti-metastatic and antitumor activities. Upon oral administration, tetrathiomolybdate (TM) targets and binds to copper and food protein in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, thereby forming stable complexes and preventing copper uptake and reabsorption. Additionally, absorbed free TM targets and binds to copper and serum albumin in the bloodstream. This depletes systemic copper reserves and deprives the tumor microenvironment (TME) from copper. Chelation of copper by TM downregulates the expression of angiogenic factors of which copper is a cofactor, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and prevents the production of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB). Copper deprivation also inhibits the activity and levels of copper-dependent angiogenic enzymes, such as vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR). This modulates the activity of VEGFR-positive endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) that are necessary for metastasis. EPC deficiency results in the inhibition of angiogenesis and prevents metastasis. TM also inhibits the activities of other copper-containing metalloenzymes, including superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) in endothelial cells, cytochrome C oxidase, vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1), antioxidant 1 copper chaperone (ATOX-1) and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9). Inhibition of these enzymes interferes with the activation of several signal transduction pathways required for cellular proliferation and angiogenesis. TM also inhibits the activity and levels of lysyl oxidase-like 2 (LOXL2; lysyl oxidase homolog 2), a copper dependent amine oxidase that is critical for modeling the pre-metastatic niche and promotes metastasis, tumor cell migration and invasiveness. In addition, copper depletion also attenuates the activation of host cells within the tumor microenvironment including cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), modulates tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) and promotes cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL)-mediated anti-tumor immune responses."]], ["Ursadiol", "C[C@]12CC[C@@H](C([C@@H]1CC[C@@]3([C@@H]2CCC4=C5CC(CC[C@@]5([C@H](C[C@]43C)O)C)(C)C)C)(C)C)O", ["Ursadiol is a natural product found in Calendula officinalis with data available."]], ["Eupatilin", "COC1=C(C=C(C=C1)C2=CC(=O)C3=C(O2)C=C(C(=C3O)OC)O)OC", ["Eupatilin is a trimethoxyflavone that is flavone substituted by hydroxy groups at C-5 and C-7 and methoxy groups at C-6, C-3' and C-4' respectively. Isolated from Citrus reticulata and Salvia tomentosa, it exhibits anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcer and antineoplastic activities. It has a role as an anti-ulcer drug, an EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor, an antineoplastic agent, an anti-inflammatory agent and a metabolite. It is a trimethoxyflavone and a dihydroxyflavone.", "Eupatilin is a natural product found in Eupatorium capillifolium, Chromolaena odorata, and other organisms with data available."]], ["N-Geranyl-N'-(2-adamantyl)ethane-1,2-diamine", "CC(=CCC/C(=C/CNCCNC1C2CC3CC(C2)CC1C3)/C)C", ["SQ-109 is an orally active, small molecule antibiotic for treatment of pulmonary TB. Currently in Phase I clinical trials, SQ-109 could replace one or more drugs in the current first-line TB drug regimen, simplify therapy, and shorten the TB treatment regimen.", "Antibiotic SQ109 is an orally available, acid-stable diamine antibiotic, with potential antimicrobial activity against a variety of bacteria including Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. Tuberculosis). As an ethambutol analogue with asymmetric structure, SQ109 does not act on the same target as ethambutol. However, this agent interferes with cell wall synthesis, thereby causing weakening of the cell wall and ultimately cell lysis."]], ["N-(3-Aminopropyl)-4-methyl-2-nitrobenzenamine", "CC1=CC(=C(C=C1)NCCCN)[N+](=O)[O-]", ["EpiCept NP-1 is a prescription topical analgesic cream designed to provide effective, long-term relief from the pain of peripheral neuropathies. Peripheral neuropathies are medical conditions caused by damage to the nerves in the peripheral nervous system. The peripheral nervous system includes nerves that run from the brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body.  EpiCept NP-1 Cream is a patented formulation containing two FDA-approved drugs, amitriptyline (a widely-used antidepressant) and ketamine (an NMDA antagonist that is used as an anesthetic)."]], ["1-(2-fluorophenyl)-3-[(3S)-2-oxo-5-phenyl-1,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodiazepin-3-yl]urea", "C1=CC=C(C=C1)C2=N[C@@H](C(=O)NC3=CC=CC=C32)NC(=O)NC4=CC=CC=C4F", ["RSV-604 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT00416442 (Safety, Tolerability and Pharmacokinetic Study of Single and Multiple Intravenous Doses of RSV604 in Healthy Subjects.)."]], ["Bilirubin", "CC1=C(NC(=C1CCC(=O)O)CC2=C(C(=C(N2)/C=C\\3/C(=C(C(=O)N3)C)C=C)C)CCC(=O)O)/C=C\\4/C(=C(C(=O)N4)C=C)C", ["Bilirubin IXalpha is a member of the class of biladienes that is a linear tetrapyrrole with the dipyrrole units being of both exovinyl and endovinyl type. A product of heme degradation, it is produced in the reticuloendothelial system by the reduction of biliverdin and transported to the liver as a complex with serum albumin. It has a role as an antioxidant, a human metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a member of biladienes and a dicarboxylic acid. It contains a 24G7 epitope. It is a conjugate acid of a bilirubin(2-).", "Bilirubin is a natural product found in Houttuynia cordata, Punica granatum, and other organisms with data available.", "Bilirubin is a dark orange, yellow pigment that is the product of the breakdown of iron in the blood; it is conjugated in the liver and excreted in the bile.", "Bilirubin is a bile pigment that is a degradation product of heme. In particular, bilirubin is a yellow breakdown product of normal heme catabolism. Its levels are elevated in certain diseases and it is responsible for the yellow color of bruises. Bilirubin is an excretion product, and the body does not control levels. Bilirubin levels reflect the balance between production and excretion. Thus, there is no normal level of bilirubin. Bilirubin consists of an open chain of four pyrroles (tetrapyrrole); by contrast, the heme molecule is a closed ring of four pyrroles, called porphyrin.", "A bile pigment that is a degradation product of HEME."]], ["Luteolin", "C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O)O", ["Luteolin is a tetrahydroxyflavone in which the four hydroxy groups are located at positions 3', 4', 5 and 7. It is thought to play an important role in the human body as an antioxidant, a free radical scavenger, an anti-inflammatory agent and an immune system modulator as well as being active against several cancers. It has a role as an EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor, an antineoplastic agent, a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist, a plant metabolite, a nephroprotective agent, an angiogenesis inhibitor, a c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor, an anti-inflammatory agent, an apoptosis inducer, a radical scavenger and an immunomodulator. It is a 3'-hydroxyflavonoid and a tetrahydroxyflavone. It is a conjugate acid of a luteolin-7-olate.", "Luteolin is a natural product found in Verbascum lychnitis, Carex fraseriana, and other organisms with data available.", "Luteolin is a naturally-occurring flavonoid, with potential anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, apoptosis-inducing and chemopreventive activities. Upon administration, luteolin scavenges free radicals, protects cells from reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced damage and induces direct cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in tumor cells. This inhibits tumor cell proliferation and suppresses metastasis.", "Bismite is a mineral with formula of Bi3+2O3 or Bi2O3. The IMA symbol is Bis.", "5,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxy-flavone, one of the FLAVONES."]], ["(1S,3Z)-3-[(2E)-2-[(1R,7aR)-1-[(2R)-6-hydroxy-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-7a-methyl-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-inden-4-ylidene]ethylidene]-4-methylidenecyclohexan-1-ol", "C[C@H](CCCC(C)(C)O)[C@H]1CCC\\2[C@@]1(CCC/C2=C\\C=C/3\\C[C@H](CCC3=C)O)C", ["Calcifediol is an orally available synthetic form of the calcitriol prohormone calcifediol (25-hydroxyvitamin D), which can be used for vitamin D supplementation, and with potential immunomodulating activity. Upon oral administration, calcifediol is taken up by the body and converted, in the kidneys, to the active form calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D or 1,25(OH)2D). This form increases and normalizes vitamin D plasma levels, which, in turn, regulates calcium plasma levels, and normalizes elevated parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels by suppressing both PTH synthesis, and secretion. Vitamin D modulates and enhances the innate and adaptive immune responses. This may improve unregulated inflammation and prevents the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Specifically, vitamin D binds to its receptor vitamin D receptor (VDR) which is widely expressed on immune cells and epithelial cells. This stimulates neutrophils, macrophages, and natural killer (NK) cells, and activates epithelial cells to produce antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). In addition, upon infection, vitamin D promotes the migration of myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs) to lymphoid organs where they activate B- and T-lymphocytes.", "The major circulating metabolite of VITAMIN D3. It is produced in the LIVER and is the best indicator of the body's vitamin D stores. It is effective in the treatment of RICKETS and OSTEOMALACIA, both in azotemic and non-azotemic patients. Calcifediol also has mineralizing properties."]], ["Beta-Carotene", "CC1=C(C(CCC1)(C)C)/C=C/C(=C/C=C/C(=C/C=C/C=C(/C=C/C=C(/C=C/C2=C(CCCC2(C)C)C)\\C)\\C)/C)/C", ["Beta-carotene is a cyclic carotene obtained by dimerisation of all-trans-retinol. A strongly-coloured red-orange pigment abundant in plants and fruit and the most active and important provitamin A carotenoid. It has a role as a biological pigment, a provitamin A, a plant metabolite, a human metabolite, a mouse metabolite, a cofactor, a ferroptosis inhibitor and an antioxidant. It is a cyclic carotene and a carotenoid beta-end derivative.", "Beta-carotene, with the molecular formula C40H56, belongs to the group of carotenoids consisting of isoprene units. The presence of long chains of conjugated double bonds donates beta-carotene with specific colors. It is the most abundant form of carotenoid and it is a precursor of the vitamin A. Beta-carotene is composed of two retinyl groups. It is an antioxidant that can be found in yellow, orange and green leafy vegetables and fruits. Under the FDA, beta-carotene is considered as a generally recognized as safe substance (GRAS).", "Beta-Carotene is a natural product found in Epicoccum nigrum, Lonicera japonica, and other organisms with data available.", "Beta-Carotene is a naturally-occurring retinol (vitamin A) precursor obtained from certain fruits and vegetables with potential antineoplastic and chemopreventive activities.  As an anti-oxidant, beta carotene inhibits free-radical damage to DNA.  This agent also induces cell differentiation and apoptosis of some tumor cell types, particularly in early stages of tumorigenesis, and enhances immune system activity by stimulating the release of natural killer cells, lymphocytes, and monocytes. (NCI04)", "beta-Carotene is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.", "A carotenoid that is a precursor of VITAMIN A. Beta carotene is administered to reduce the severity of photosensitivity reactions in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria (PORPHYRIA, ERYTHROPOIETIC).", "See also: Lycopene (part of)."]], ["Leukotriene B4", "CCCCC/C=C\\C[C@H](/C=C/C=C/C=C\\[C@H](CCCC(=O)O)O)O", ["Leukotriene B4 is a leukotriene composed of (6Z,8E,10E,14Z)-icosatetraenoic acid having (5S)- and (12R)-hydroxy substituents. It is a lipid mediator of inflammation that is generated from arachidonic acid via the 5-lipoxygenase pathway. It has a role as a human metabolite, a mouse metabolite, a plant metabolite and a vasoconstrictor agent. It is a dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid, a leukotriene, a long-chain fatty acid and a hydroxy polyunsaturated fatty acid. It is functionally related to an icosa-6,8,10,14-tetraenoic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a leukotriene B4(1-).", "Leukotriene B4 has been used in trials studying the treatment of HIV Infections.", "Leukotriene B4 is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).", "Leukotriene B4 is a natural product found in Homo sapiens with data available.", "Leukotriene B4 is a leukotriene synthesized from leukotriene A4 by leukotriene A-4 hydrolase in monocytes, lymphocytes, neutrophils, reticulocytes, platelets and fibroblasts. Leukotriene B4 modulates inflammation by promoting neutrophil activation and inducing adhesion, activation, and transendothelial migration of leukocytes.", "leukotriene B4 is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.", "The major metabolite in neutrophil polymorphonuclear leukocytes. It stimulates polymorphonuclear cell function (degranulation, formation of oxygen-centered free radicals, arachidonic acid release, and metabolism). (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990)"]], ["Glutaconic acid", "C(/C=C/C(=O)O)C(=O)O", ["Glutaconic acid is a pentenedioic acid that is pent-2-ene substituted by carboxy groups at positions 1 and 5. It has a role as a human metabolite. It is a conjugate acid of a glutaconate(1-).", "Glutaconic acid is an organic compound with general formula C5H6O4. The compound is a dicarboxylic acid and related with the fully saturated glutaric acid."]], ["Vitamin A palmitate", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC/C=C(\\C)/C=C/C=C(\\C)/C=C/C1=C(CCCC1(C)C)C", ["All-trans-retinyl palmitate is an all-trans-retinyl ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of palmitic (hexadecanoic acid) with the hydroxy group of all-trans-retinol. It is used in cosmetic products to treat various skin disorders such as acne, skin aging, wrinkles, dark spots, and also protect against psoriasis. It has a role as an Escherichia coli metabolite, a human xenobiotic metabolite and an antioxidant. It is a retinyl palmitate and an all-trans-retinyl ester. It is functionally related to an all-trans-retinol.", "Retinyl Palmitate is a naturally-occurring phenyl analogue of retinol (vitamin A) with potential antineoplastic and chemopreventive activities.  As the most common form of vitamin A taken for dietary supplementation, retinyl palmitate binds to and activates retinoid receptors, thereby inducing cell differentiation and decreasing cell proliferation.  This agent also inhibits carcinogen-induced neoplastic transformation, induces apoptosis in some cancer cell types, and exhibits immunomodulatory properties. (NCI04)"]], ["Hymecromone", "CC1=CC(=O)OC2=C1C=CC(=C2)O", ["Beta-methylumbelliferone appears as colorless crystals. Insoluble in water. (NTP, 1992)", "4-methylumbelliferone is a hydroxycoumarin that is umbelliferone substituted by a methyl group at position 4. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent and a hyaluronic acid synthesis inhibitor. It is functionally related to an umbelliferone.", "Hymecromone is a natural product found in Ferula fukanensis, Dalbergia volubilis, and other organisms with data available.", "4-methylumbelliferone is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.", "A coumarin derivative possessing properties as a spasmolytic, choleretic and light-protective agent. It is also used in ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY TECHNIQUES for the determination of NITRIC ACID."]], ["Dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid", "CCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCCCC(=O)O", ["All-cis-icosa-8,11,14-trienoic acid is an icosatrienoic acid having three cis double bonds at positions 8, 11 and 14. It has a role as a nutraceutical, a human metabolite and a fungal metabolite. It is a fatty acid 20:3 and a long-chain fatty acid. It is a conjugate acid of an all-cis-icosa-8,11,14-trienoate.", "A 20-carbon-chain fatty acid, unsaturated at positions 8, 11, and 14. It differs from arachidonic acid, 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid, only at position 5.", "Dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid is a natural product found in Eurhynchium striatum, Sargassum pallidum, and other organisms with data available.", "Dihomo-gamma-linolenic Acid is a polyunsaturated long-chain fatty acid with a 20-carbon backbone and 3 double bonds, originating from the 6th, 9th and 12th positions from the methyl end, with all bonds in the cis- configuration.", "A 20-carbon-chain fatty acid, unsaturated at positions 8, 11, and 14. It differs from arachidonic acid, 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid, only at position 5."]], ["Bovinic acid", "CCCCCC/C=C/C=C\\CCCCCCCC(=O)O", ["9-cis,11-trans-octadecadienoic acid is an octadeca-9,11-dienoic acid having 9-cis,11-trans-stereochemistry. It is a conjugate acid of a 9-cis,11-trans-octadecadienoate.", "Bovinic acid is a natural product found in Skeletonema marinoi with data available.", "Conjugated Linoleic Acid is a slightly altered form of linoleic acid, which is an omega-6 fatty acid important to human health.  It is found in beef and dairy fats."]], ["20-Hydroxy-leukotriene B4", "C(CC/C=C\\C[C@H](/C=C/C=C/C=C\\[C@H](CCCC(=O)O)O)O)CCO", ["20-hydroxy-leukotriene B4 is the 20-hydroxy derivative of leukotriene B4. It has a role as a human metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is functionally related to a leukotriene B4. It is a conjugate acid of a 20-hydroxy-leukotriene B4(1-).", "20-Hydroxy-leukotriene B4 is a natural product found in Homo sapiens with data available."]], ["Bryostatin 1", "CCC/C=C/C=C/C(=O)O[C@H]1/C(=C/C(=O)OC)/C[C@H]2C[C@@H](OC(=O)C[C@@H](C[C@@H]3C[C@@H](C([C@@](O3)(C[C@@H]4C/C(=C/C(=O)OC)/C[C@@H](O4)/C=C/C([C@@]1(O2)O)(C)C)O)(C)C)OC(=O)C)O)[C@@H](C)O", ["Bryostatin 1 is a member of the class of bryostatins that is (17E)-2-oxooxacyclohexacos-17-ene which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4, 10, and 20; an acetoxy group at position 8; methyl groups at positions 9, 9, 18, and 19; 2-methoxy-2-oxoethylidene groups at positions 14 and 24; an (E,E)-octa-2,4-dienoyloxy group at position 21; and with oxygen bridges linking positions 6 to 10, 12 to 16, and 20 to 24. It is one of the most abundant member of the class of bryostatins. It has a role as a marine metabolite, a protein kinase C agonist, an alpha-secretase activator, an antineoplastic agent and an anti-HIV-1 agent. It is a member of bryostatins, an acetate ester, a methyl ester, an enoate ester, a cyclic hemiketal, an organic heterotetracyclic compound and a secondary alcohol.", "Bryostatin 1 is a natural product found in Bugula neritina with data available."]], ["Isoquercetin", "C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O[C@H]4[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O", ["Quercetin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside is a quercetin O-glucoside that is quercetin with a beta-D-glucosyl residue attached at position 3. Isolated from Lepisorus contortus, it exhibits antineoplastic activityand has been found to decrease the rate of polymerization and sickling of red blood cells It has a role as an antineoplastic agent, a plant metabolite, a bone density conservation agent, an osteogenesis regulator, an antioxidant, a histamine antagonist, an antipruritic drug and a geroprotector. It is a quercetin O-glucoside, a tetrahydroxyflavone, a beta-D-glucoside and a monosaccharide derivative. It is functionally related to a beta-D-glucose. It is a conjugate acid of a quercetin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside(1-).", "Acacia allergenic extract is used in allergenic testing.", "Isoquercetin has been used in trials studying the treatment of Kidney Cancer, Renal cell carcinoma, Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma, Thromboembolism of Vein in Pancreatic Cancer, and Thromboembolism of Vein VTE in Colorectal Cancer, among others.", "Isoquercitrin is a natural product found in Ficus auriculata, Lotus ucrainicus, and other organisms with data available.", "Isoquercetin is an orally bioavailable, glucoside derivative of the flavonoid quercetin and protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) inhibitor, with antioxidant and potential antithrombotic activity. As an antioxidant, isoquercetin scavenges free radicals and inhibits oxidative damage to cells. As a PDI inhibitor, this agent blocks PDI-mediated platelet activation, and fibrin generation, which prevents thrombus formation after vascular injury. In addition, isoquercetin is an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor. PDI, an oxidoreductase secreted by activated endothelial cells and platelets, plays a key role in the initiation of the coagulation cascade. Cancer, in addition to other thrombotic disorders, increases the risk of thrombus formation."]], ["leukotriene E4", "CCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C=C\\C=C\\[C@H]([C@H](CCCC(=O)O)O)SC[C@@H](C(=O)O)N", ["Leukotriene E4 is a leukotriene that is (7E,9E,11Z,14Z)-icosa-7,9,11,14-tetraenoic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at position 5 (5S) and an L-cystein-S-yl group at position 6 (6R). It is a leukotriene, an amino dicarboxylic acid, a secondary alcohol, a L-cysteine thioether and a non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid. It is functionally related to an icosa-7,9,11,14-tetraenoic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a leukotriene E4(1-).", "leukotriene E4 is a natural product found in Homo sapiens with data available.", "Leukotriene E4 is the final and most stable product of the pathway where 5-lipoxygenase converts arachidonic acid to cysteinyl leukotrienes, with inflammatory activity. Because of its inherent stability, leukotriene E4 is used as a marker for leukotriene production.", "A biologically active principle of SRS-A that is formed from LEUKOTRIENE D4 via a peptidase reaction that removes the glycine residue. The biological actions of LTE4 are similar to LTC4 and LTD4. (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990)"]], ["11-epi-Prostaglandin F2alpha", "CCCCC[C@@H](/C=C/[C@H]1[C@H](C[C@@H]([C@@H]1C/C=C\\CCCC(=O)O)O)O)O", ["11-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha is the prostaglandin F that is the 11-epimer of prostaglandin F2alpha. It has a role as a human metabolite. It is functionally related to a prostaglandin F2alpha. It is a conjugate acid of an 11-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha(1-).", "A naturally occurring prostaglandin that has oxytocic, luteolytic, and abortifacient activities. Due to its vasocontractile properties, the compound has a variety of other biological actions."]], ["Senecionine", "C/C=C\\1/C[C@H]([C@@](C(=O)OCC2=CCN3[C@H]2[C@@H](CC3)OC1=O)(C)O)C", ["Senecionine is a pyrrolizidine alkaloid isolated from the plant species of the genus Senecio. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a lactone, a pyrrolizidine alkaloid and a tertiary alcohol. It is functionally related to a senecionan. It is a conjugate base of a senecionine(1+).", "Senecionine is a natural product found in Dorobaea pimpinellifolia, Crotalaria micans, and other organisms with data available.", "Senecionine is an organic compound with the chemical formula C18H25NO5. It is classified as a pyrrolizidine alkaloid."]], ["lipoxin A4", "CCCCC[C@@H](/C=C/C=C\\C=C\\C=C\\[C@H]([C@H](CCCC(=O)O)O)O)O", ["Lipoxin A4 is a C20 hydroxy fatty acid having (5S)-, (6R)- and (15S)-hydroxy groups as well as (7E)- (9E)-, (11Z)- and (13E)-double bonds. It has a role as a metabolite and a human metabolite. It is a lipoxin, a long-chain fatty acid and a hydroxy polyunsaturated fatty acid. It is a conjugate acid of a lipoxin A4(1-).", "lipoxin A4 is a natural product found in Homo sapiens with data available.", "Lipoxin A4 is a hydroxy polyunsaturated fatty acid that is a metabolite of arachidonic acid, with potential anti-inflammatory, antifibrinolytic and analgesic activities."]], ["Harmine", "CC1=NC=CC2=C1NC3=C2C=CC(=C3)OC", ["Harmine is a harmala alkaloid in which the harman skeleton is methoxy-substituted at C-7. It has a role as a metabolite, an anti-HIV agent and an EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor. It derives from a hydride of a harman.", "Harmine is a natural product found in Thalictrum foetidum, Acraea andromacha, and other organisms with data available.", "Alkaloid isolated from seeds of PEGANUM HARMALA; ZYGOPHYLLACEAE. It is identical to banisterine, or telepathine, from Banisteria caapi and is one of the active ingredients of hallucinogenic drinks made in the western Amazon region from related plants. It has no therapeutic use, but (as banisterine) was hailed as a cure for postencephalitic PARKINSON DISEASE in the 1920's."]], ["Clavulanic Acid", "C1[C@@H]2N(C1=O)[C@H](/C(=C/CO)/O2)C(=O)O", ["Clavulanic acid is antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces clavuligerus. It acts as a suicide inhibitor of bacterial beta-lactamase enzymes. It has a role as an antibacterial drug, a bacterial metabolite, an anxiolytic drug and an EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase) inhibitor. It is a conjugate acid of a clavulanate.", "Clavulanic acid is a beta-lactamase inhibitor that is frequently combined with [Amoxicillin] or [Ticarcillin] to fight antibiotic resistance by preventing their degradation by beta-lactamase enzymes, broadening their spectrum of susceptible bacterial infections. Clavulanic acid is derived from the organism Streptomyces clavuligerus.When it is combined with amoxicillin, clavulanic acid is frequently known as Augmentin, Co-Amoxiclav, or Clavulin.", "Clavulanic acid is a beta Lactamase Inhibitor. The mechanism of action of clavulanic acid is as a beta Lactamase Inhibitor.", "Clavulanic acid is a natural product found in Streptomyces clavuligerus and Streptomyces cattleya with data available.", "Clavulanic Acid is a semisynthetic beta-lactamase inhibitor isolated from Streptomyces. Clavulanic acid contains a beta-lactam ring and binds strongly to beta-lactamase at or near its active site, thereby hindering enzymatic activity. This protects other beta-lactam antibiotics from beta-lactamase catalysis, thereby enhancing their antibacterial effects. This agent is used in conjunction with beta-lactamase susceptible antibiotics, such as penicillins and cephalosporins, to treat infections caused by beta-lactamase producing organisms.", "A beta-lactam antibiotic produced by the actinobacterium Streptomyces clavuligerus. It is a suicide inhibitor of bacterial beta-lactamase enzymes. Administered alone, it has only weak antibacterial activity against most organisms, but given in combination with other beta-lactam antibiotics it prevents antibiotic inactivation by microbial lactamase."]], ["Budesonide", "CCCC1O[C@@H]2C[C@H]3[C@@H]4CCC5=CC(=O)C=C[C@@]5([C@H]4[C@H](C[C@@]3([C@@]2(O1)C(=O)CO)C)O)C", ["Budesonide is a glucocorticoid steroid having a highly oxygenated pregna-1,4-diene structure. It is used mainly in the treatment of asthma and non-infectious rhinitis and for treatment and prevention of nasal polyposis. It has a role as an anti-inflammatory drug, a bronchodilator agent and a drug allergen. It is an 11beta-hydroxy steroid, a glucocorticoid, a cyclic acetal, a 20-oxo steroid, a 21-hydroxy steroid, a 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid and a primary alpha-hydroxy ketone. It derives from a hydride of a pregnane.", "Budesonide is a glucocorticoid that is a mix of the 22R and 22S epimer used to treat inflammatory conditions of the lungs and intestines such as asthma, COPD, Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis.  Budesonide was granted FDA approval on 14 February 1994. It is also available in a combination product with [formoterol].", "Budesonide is a Corticosteroid. The mechanism of action of budesonide is as a Corticosteroid Hormone Receptor Agonist.", "Budesonide is a corticosteroid that undergoes high first pass elimination by the liver so that systemic levels after oral administration are minimal. Budesonide has been used orally for several immune mediated gastrointestinal and liver diseases and as nasal spray or by inhalation for allergic rhinitis, asthma and chronic obstructive lung disease. Neither inhalant nor oral budesonide has been linked to serum enzyme elevations during therapy or to convincing instances of clinically apparent acute liver injury.", "Budesonide is a synthetic glucocorticoid with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating properties. Upon administration, budesonide binds to intracellular glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) and induces the expression of glucocorticoid-responsive genes that encode for anti-inflammatory mediators, such as certain anti-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin 10 (IL-10), and lipocortins. Lipocortins inhibit phospholipase A2, thereby blocking the release of arachidonic acid from membrane phospholipids and preventing the synthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes, both mediators of inflammation. In addition, budesonide prevents the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines from epithelial cells and macrophages, including interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-8, interferon-beta (IFNb), and inhibits nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-kB) activation thereby decreasing NF-kB-mediated inflammation.", "A glucocorticoid used in the management of ASTHMA, the treatment of various skin disorders, and allergic RHINITIS."]], ["Cefprozil", "C/C=C/C1=C(N2[C@@H]([C@@H](C2=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](C3=CC=C(C=C3)O)N)SC1)C(=O)O", ["Cefprozil is a semisynthetic, second-generation cephalosporin, with prop-1-enyl and (R)-2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. It is used to treat bronchitis as well as ear, skin and other bacterial infections. It has a role as an antibacterial drug. It is a cephalosporin and a semisynthetic derivative.", "Cefprozil is a cephalosporin antibiotic that is commonly employed to treat a variety of bacterial infections, including those of the ear and skin, bronchitis, and others.", "Cefprozil is a semi-synthetic cephalosporin and a beta-lactam antibiotic with bactericidal activity. Cefprozil's effect is dependent on its binding to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located in the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane. Binding results in the inhibition of the transpeptidase enzymes, thereby preventing cross-linking of the pentaglycine bridge with the fourth residue of the pentapeptide and interrupting consequent synthesis of peptidoglycan chains. As a result, cefprozil inhibits bacterial septum and cell wall synthesis formation.", "Cefprozil Anhydrous, (E)- is an anhydrous E-isomer of a semi-synthetic cephalosporin and a beta-lactam antibiotic with bactericidal activity. Cefprozil's effect is dependent on its binding to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located in the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane. Binding results in the inhibition of the transpeptidase enzymes, thereby preventing cross-linking of the pentaglycine bridge with the fourth residue of the pentapeptide and interrupting consequent synthesis of peptidoglycan chains. As a result, cefprozil inhibits bacterial septum and cell wall synthesis formation.", "Cefprozil Anhydrous is the anhydrous form of cefprozil, a semisynthetic, broad-spectrum, second-generation cephalosporin with antibacterial activity. Cefprozil binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall. PBPs are enzymes involved in the terminal stages of assembling the bacterial cell wall and in reshaping the cell wall during growth and division. Inactivation of PBPs interferes with the cross-linkage of peptidoglycan chains necessary for bacterial cell wall strength and rigidity. This results in the weakening of the bacterial cell wall and causes cell lysis."]], ["Prochlorperazine maleate", "CN1CCN(CC1)CCCN2C3=C(SC4=CC=CC=C24)C=CC(=C3)Cl.C(=C\\C(=O)O)\\C(=O)O.C(=C\\C(=O)O)\\C(=O)O", ["Prochlorperazine Maleate is the maleate salt form of prochlorperazine, a synthetic, piperazine phenothiazine derivative with antiemetic, antipsychotic, antihistaminic, and anticholinergic activities. Prochlorperazine binds to and blocks the postsynaptic dopamine D2-receptor in the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) of the brain and may prevent chemotherapy-induced emesis. Prochlorperazine maleate also blocks anticholinergic and alpha-adrenergic receptors. Its antagonistic actions on the alpha-1 adrenergic receptors results in sedation, muscle relaxation, and hypotension.", "A phenothiazine antipsychotic used principally in the treatment of NAUSEA; VOMITING; and VERTIGO. It is more likely than CHLORPROMAZINE to cause EXTRAPYRAMIDAL DISORDERS. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p612)"]], ["Pyrvinium", "CC1=CC(=C(N1C2=CC=CC=C2)C)/C=C/C3=[N+](C4=C(C=C3)C=C(C=C4)N(C)C)C", ["Pyrvinium is a quinolinium ion that is 1-methylquinolinium substituted by dimethylamino group at position 6 and a (E)-2-(2,5-dimethyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrrol-3-yl)ethenyl at position 2. It is a anthelminthic drug active against pinworms. The salts of pyrvinium can also be used as anticancer agents. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent and an anthelminthic drug.", "Pyrvinium is an anthelmintic effective for pinworms. Several forms of pyrvinium have been prepared with variable counter anions, such as halides, tosylate, triflate and pamoate. Pyrvinum's anti-cancer properties are currently under investigation."]], ["Mivacurium", "C[N+]1(CCC2=CC(=C(C=C2[C@H]1CC3=CC(=C(C(=C3)OC)OC)OC)OC)OC)CCCOC(=O)CC/C=C/CCC(=O)OCCC[N+]4(CCC5=CC(=C(C=C5[C@H]4CC6=CC(=C(C(=C6)OC)OC)OC)OC)OC)C", ["Mivacurium is a member of isoquinolines.", "Mivacurium is a bisbenzylisoquinolinium based neuromuscular blocker or muscle relaxant. It binds competitively to cholinergic receptors on the motor end-plate to antagonize the action of acetylcholine, resulting in a block of neuromuscular transmission.", "An isoquinoline derivative that is used as a short-acting non-depolarizing agent."]], ["Timolol maleate", "CC(C)(C)NC[C@@H](COC1=NSN=C1N2CCOCC2)O.C(=C\\C(=O)O)\\C(=O)O", ["(S)-timolol maleate is the maleic acid salt of the active (S)-enantiomer of timolol, comprising equimolar amounts of (S)-timolol and maleic acid. It has a role as an antihypertensive agent, an anti-arrhythmia drug, a beta-adrenergic antagonist and an antiglaucoma drug. It contains a (S)-timolol (anhydrous).", "Timolol Maleate is the maleate salt form of timolol, a propanolamine derivative and a non-selective beta-adrenergic antagonist with antihypertensive property. Timolol competitively binds to beta-1-adrenergic receptors in the heart and vascular smooth muscle and beta-2-receptors in the bronchial and vascular smooth muscle, resulting in a decrease in beta-adrenergic stimulation. Beta-1-receptor blockade results in a decrease in resting and exercise heart rate and cardiac output, a decrease in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and, possibly, a reduction in reflex orthostatic hypotension. Beta-2-blockade results in an increase in peripheral vascular resistance. The ultimate results include vasodilation, and negative chronotropic and inotropic effects. In addition, timolol reduces intra-ocular pressure possibly by decreasing aqueous humor production by reduction of blood flow to the ciliary processes and cAMP synthesis.", "A beta-adrenergic antagonist that is similar in action to PROPRANOLOL; the levo-isomer is more active. Timolol has been proposed as an anti-hypertensive, anti-arrhythmic, anti-angina, and anti-glaucoma agent. It is also used in the treatment of MIGRAINE DISORDERS and tremor."]], ["Bisoprolol fumarate", "CC(C)NCC(COC1=CC=C(C=C1)COCCOC(C)C)O.CC(C)NCC(COC1=CC=C(C=C1)COCCOC(C)C)O.C(=C/C(=O)O)\\C(=O)O", ["Bisoprolol Fumarate is the fumarate salt of a synthetic phenoxy-2-propanol-derived cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic receptor antagonist with antihypertensive and potential cardioprotective activities. Devoid of intrinsic sympathomimetic activity, bisoprolol selectively and competitively binds to and blocks beta-1 adrenergic receptors in the heart, decreasing cardiac contractility and rate, reducing cardiac output, and lowering blood pressure. In addition, this agent may exhibit antihypertensive activity through the inhibition of renin secretion by juxtaglomerular epithelioid (JGE) cells in the kidney, thus inhibiting activation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). Bisoprolol has been shown to be cardioprotective in animal models.", "A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic blocker. It is effective in the management of HYPERTENSION and ANGINA PECTORIS."]], ["Azatadine maleate", "CN1CCC(=C2C3=C(C=CC=N3)CCC4=CC=CC=C24)CC1.C(=C\\C(=O)O)\\C(=O)O.C(=C\\C(=O)O)\\C(=O)O", ["Azatadine maleate is the dimaleate salt of azatadine. It has a role as a H1-receptor antagonist and an anti-allergic agent. It contains an azatadine."]], ["Dexchlorpheniramine maleate", "CN(C)CC[C@@H](C1=CC=C(C=C1)Cl)C2=CC=CC=N2.C(=C\\C(=O)O)\\C(=O)O", ["Dexchlorpheniramine maleate is an organic molecular entity.", "Dexchlorpheniramine is the S-enantiomer of chlorpheniramine which is a 1st generation anti-histamine. Dexchlorpheniramine has more pharmacological activity than the R and so is more potent than the racemic mixture.", "Dexchlorpheniramine Maleate is the maleate salt form of dexchlorpheniramine, an alkylamine, and first-generation histamine antagonist with anti-allergic activity. Dexchlorpheniramine maleate competitively blocks H1 receptors, thereby preventing the actions of histamine on bronchial smooth muscle, capillaries and gastrointestinal (GI) smooth muscle. This prevents histamine-induced bronchoconstriction, vasodilation, increased capillary permeability, and GI smooth muscle spasms."]], ["Olopatadine", "CN(C)CC/C=C\\1/C2=CC=CC=C2COC3=C1C=C(C=C3)CC(=O)O", ["2-[11-[3-(dimethylamino)propylidene]-6H-benzo[c][1]benzoxepin-2-yl]acetic acid is a heterotricyclic compound.", "Olopatadine is a selective histamine H1 antagonist and mast cell stabilizer that works by attenuating inflammatory and allergic reactions. It is a structural analog of [doxepin], which has a minimal anti-allergic activity. Olopatadine works by blocking the effects of histamine, which is a primary inflammatory mediator that causes inflammatory and allergic reactions. An ophthalmic solution of olopatadine was approved by the FDA and European Union for the treatment of seasonal and perennial allergic conjunctivitis in 1996 and 2002, respectively. In comparison to other anti-allergenic ophthalmic medications, olopatadine displays a good comfort and tolerability profile since it does not cause perturbation of cell membranes. Olopatadine is used for the symptomatic treatment of ocular itching associated with allergic conjunctivitis in ophthalmic formulations and seasonal allergic rhinitis in intranasal formulations. It is currently marketed under several brand names, including Pazeo, Patanase, and Opatanol.", "Olopatadine is a Histamine-1 Receptor Inhibitor, and Mast Cell Stabilizer, and Histamine-1 Receptor Antagonist. The mechanism of action of olopatadine is as a Histamine H1 Receptor Antagonist. The physiologic effect of olopatadine is by means of Decreased Histamine Release.", "Olopatadine is a dual action selective histamine H1 receptor antagonist and mast cell stabilizer with anti-allergic activity. Olopatadine stabilizes mast cells and prevents histamine release from mast cells. In addition, this agent also blocks histamine H1 receptors, thereby preventing histamine from binding to these receptors. Both actions prevent the effects of histamine on capillaries, bronchial smooth muscle, and gastrointestinal (GI) smooth muscle, including histamine-induced vasodilation, increased capillary permeability, bronchoconstriction, and spasmodic contraction of GI smooth muscle. This drug also prevents histamine-induced pain and itching of mucous membranes.", "Used to treat allergic conjunctivitis (itching eyes), olopatadine inhibits the release of histamine from mast cells. It is a relatively selective histamine H1 antagonist that inhibits the in vivo and in vitro type 1 immediate hypersensitivity reaction including inhibition of histamine induced effects on human conjunctival epithelial cells.", "An antihistamine with mast-cell stabilizing properties used as eye drops in the treatment of ALLERGIC CONJUNCTIVITIS."]], ["Carboprost", "CCCCC[C@@](C)(/C=C/[C@H]1[C@@H](C[C@@H]([C@@H]1C/C=C\\CCCC(=O)O)O)O)O", ["Carboprost is prostaglandin F2alpha in which the hydrogen at position 15 is substituted by methyl (S configuration). It is used as an abortifacient agent that is effective in both the first and second trimesters of pregnancy. It has a role as an oxytocic and an abortifacient. It is functionally related to a prostaglandin F2alpha. It is a conjugate acid of a carboprost(1-).", "Carboprost is a Prostaglandin Analog.", "Carboprost is the (15S)-15 methyl analogue of naturally occurring prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) with oxytocic activity. Mimicking endogenous PGF2 alpha, carboprost activates prostaglandin F receptor, a G-protein coupled receptor, on smooth muscle cells, thereby resulting in smooth muscle contractions. When administered intramuscularly on gravid subjects, this agent induces myometrium contractions, thereby initiating luteolysis and consequently parturition. Furthermore, carboprost's action on vascular smooth muscle and gastrointestinal tract sphincters leads to raised blood pressure and induces vomiting or diarrhea, respectively.", "A nonsteroidal abortifacient agent that is effective in both the first and second trimesters of PREGNANCY."]], ["Entacapone", "CCN(CC)C(=O)/C(=C/C1=CC(=C(C(=C1)O)O)[N+](=O)[O-])/C#N", ["Entacapone is a monocarboxylic acid amide that is N,N-diethylprop-2-enamide in which the hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a cyano group and the hydrogen at the 3E position is substituted by a 3,4-dihydroxy-5-nitrophenyl group. It has a role as an EC 2.1.1.6 (catechol O-methyltransferase) inhibitor, an antiparkinson drug, a central nervous system drug and an antidyskinesia agent. It is a monocarboxylic acid amide, a nitrile, a member of catechols and a member of 2-nitrophenols.", "Entacapone is a selective, reversible catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT) inhibitor for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. It is a member of the class of nitrocatechols. When administered concomittantly with levodopa and a decarboxylase inhibitor (e.g., carbidopa), increased and more sustained plasma levodopa concentrations are reached as compared to the administration of levodopa and a decarboxylase inhibitor.", "Entacapone is a Catechol-O-Methyltransferase Inhibitor. The mechanism of action of entacapone is as a Catechol O-Methyltransferase Inhibitor.", "Entacapone is a catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitor used in the therapy of Parkinson disease as adjunctive therapy in combination with levodopa and carbidopa. Entacapone has been associated with a low rate of serum enzyme elevations during treatment, but has yet to be implicated in cases of clinically apparent acute liver injury with jaundice.", "Entacapone is a nitrocatechol compound with anti-parkinsonian property. Entacapone is a selective and reversible inhibitor of catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), which catalyzes the transfer of the methyl group of S-adenosyl-L-methionine to the phenolic group of substrates that contain a catechol structure including dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA), catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine) and their hydroxylated metabolites. When administered in conjunction with dopaminergic agents such as L-DOPA, entacapone prevents the metabolism and inactivation of adjunct drugs, thereby increasing the bioavailability of these compounds by facilitating their passage across the blood-brain barrier.", "Entacapone is a selective, reversible catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT) inhibitor for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. It is a member of the class of nitrocatechols. When administered concomittantly with levodopa and a decarboxylase inhibitor (e.g., carbidopa), increased and more sustained plasma levodopa concentrations are reached as compared to the administration of levodopa and a decarboxylase inhibitor."]], ["Oxantel pamoate", "CN1CCCN=C1/C=C/C2=CC(=CC=C2)O.C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C=C(C(=C2CC3=C(C(=CC4=CC=CC=C43)C(=O)O)O)O)C(=O)O", ["Oxantel pamoate is a naphthoic acid."]], ["Cidoxepin hydrochloride", "CN(C)CC/C=C\\1/C2=CC=CC=C2COC3=CC=CC=C31.Cl", ["Cidoxepin Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of cidoxepin, a psychotropic agent similar to doxepin with potential antianxiety and antidepressant activities. Although its exact mechanism of action has yet to be fully elucidated, cidoxepin may act similarly to doxepin. Cidoxepin may inhibit the reuptake of serotonin and noradrenaline from the synaptic cleft, thereby increasing their activity. This may account for its antianxiety and antidepressant effects.", "A dibenzoxepin tricyclic compound. It displays a range of pharmacological actions including maintaining adrenergic innervation. Its mechanism of action is not fully understood, but it appears to block reuptake of monoaminergic neurotransmitters into presynaptic terminals. It also possesses anticholinergic activity and modulates antagonism of histamine H(1)- and H(2)-receptors."]], ["Dtxcid9028831", "CC(C)(C)C(C)([C@H]1C[C@@]23CC[C@@]1([C@H]4[C@@]25CCN([C@@H]3CC6=C5C(=C(C=C6)O)O4)CC7CC7)OC)O.Cl", ["Buprenorphine Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of buprenorphine, a synthetic phenanthrene with narcotic analgesic activity. Buprenorphine hydrochloride is a partial agonist at the mu-opioid receptor and an antagonist at the kapa-opioid receptor in the central nervous system. However, under the conditions of recommended use it behaves as a classic mu-opioid agonist, mimicking the actions of endogenous peptides at CNS opioid receptors. The agonist action results in a raised pain threshold and increased tolerance to pain.  However, it also causes sedation, physical dependence, and respiratory depressant effects and decreases heart rate and blood pressure.", "A derivative of the opioid alkaloid THEBAINE that is a more potent and longer lasting analgesic than MORPHINE. It appears to act as a partial agonist at mu and kappa opioid receptors and as an antagonist at delta receptors. The lack of delta-agonist activity has been suggested to account for the observation that buprenorphine tolerance may not develop with chronic use."]], ["Delvolan", "C[C@@H]1C/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/[C@@H](C[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H](C[C@](O2)(C[C@H](C[C@@H]3[C@H](O3)/C=C/C(=O)O1)O)O)O)C(=O)O)OC4[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O4)C)O)N)O", ["Natamycin is a macrolide antibiotic that has formula C33H47NO13, produced by several Streptomyces species including Streptomyces natalensis. It exhibits broad spectrum antifungal activity and used in eye drops, and as a food preservative, and also as a postharvest biofungicide for citrus and other fruit crops. It has a role as an antimicrobial food preservative, a bacterial metabolite, an apoptosis inducer, an ophthalmology drug and an antifungal agrochemical. It is an antibiotic antifungal drug, a macrolide antibiotic, a polyene antibiotic, an epoxide, a dicarboxylic acid monoester and a monosaccharide derivative.", "Natamycin is a polyene amphoteric macrolide antibiotic with antifungal properties. Natamycin exerts its antifungal effects by binding to sterols in the fungal cell membrane thereby increasing membrane permeability. This leads to a leakage and loss of essential cellular constituents. Following ocular application, natamycin is retained in the conjunctival fornices and attains effective concentrations within the corneal stroma where it exerts its effect.", "Amphoteric macrolide antifungal antibiotic from Streptomyces natalensis or S. chattanoogensis. It is used for a variety of fungal infections, mainly topically."]], ["trans-Vaccenic acid", "CCCCCC/C=C/CCCCCCCCCC(=O)O", ["Vaccenic acid is an octadecenoic acid having a double bond at position 11; and which can occur in cis- or trans- configurations. It is an octadecenoic acid and a straight-chain fatty acid. It is a conjugate acid of a vaccenate(1-).", "Vaccenic acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).", "trans-Vaccenic acid is a natural product found in Myrmekioderma rea, Amphimedon compressa, and other organisms with data available."]], ["Astaxanthin", "CC1=C(C(C[C@@H](C1=O)O)(C)C)/C=C/C(=C/C=C/C(=C/C=C/C=C(/C=C/C=C(/C=C/C2=C(C(=O)[C@H](CC2(C)C)O)C)\\C)\\C)/C)/C", ["Astaxanthin is a carotenone that consists of beta,beta-carotene-4,4'-dione bearing two hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 3' (the 3S,3'S diastereomer). A carotenoid pigment found mainly in animals (crustaceans, echinoderms) but also occurring in plants. It can occur free (as a red pigment), as an ester, or as a blue, brown or green chromoprotein. It has a role as an anticoagulant, an antioxidant, a food colouring, a plant metabolite and an animal metabolite. It is a carotenone and a carotenol. It derives from a hydride of a beta-carotene.", "Astaxanthin is a keto-carotenoid in the terpenes class of chemical compounds. It is classified as a xanthophyll but it is a carotenoid with no vitamin A activity. It is found in the majority of aquatic organisms with red pigment. Astaxanthin has shown to mediate anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory actions. It may be found in fish feed or some animal food as a color additive.", "Astaxanthin is a natural product found in Ascidia zara, Linckia laevigata, and other organisms with data available.", "Astaxanthin is a natural and synthetic xanthophyll and nonprovitamin A carotenoid, with potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, astaxanthin may act as an antioxidant and reduce oxidative stress, thereby preventing protein and lipid oxidation and DNA damage. By decreasing the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and free radicals, it may also prevent ROS-induced activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB) transcription factor and the production of inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1beta (IL-1b), IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a). In addition, astaxanthin may inhibit cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and nitric oxide (NO) activities, thereby reducing inflammation. Oxidative stress and inflammation play key roles in the pathogenesis of many diseases, including cardiovascular, neurological, autoimmune and neoplastic diseases."]], ["Bixin", "C/C(=C\\C=C\\C=C(/C)\\C=C\\C=C(\\C)/C=C/C(=O)OC)/C=C/C=C(\\C)/C=C/C(=O)O", ["Bixin is a carotenoic acid that is the 6'-monomethyl ester of 9'-cis-6,6'-diapocarotene-6,6'-dioic acid. It has a role as an antioxidant, an insulin-sensitizing drug, a biological pigment, an anti-inflammatory agent, a food colouring and an apoptosis inducer. It is a carotenoic acid, a dicarboxylic acid monoester and a methyl ester.", "Bixin is a natural product found in Bixa orellana and Apis cerana with data available."]], ["Crocetin", "C/C(=C\\C=C\\C=C(\\C=C\\C=C(\\C(=O)O)/C)/C)/C=C/C=C(/C(=O)O)\\C", ["Crocetin is a 20-carbon dicarboxylic acid which is a diterpenoid and natural carotenoid. Found in the crocus flower, it has been administered as an anti-fatigue dietary supplement. It has a role as a nutraceutical, a metabolite and an antioxidant. It is a carotenoic acid, a diterpenoid and a polyunsaturated dicarboxylic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a crocetin(2-).", "Vitamin A-analog that increases diffusivity of oxygen in aqueous solutions, including plasma.", "Crocetin is a natural product found in Verbascum lychnitis, Gardenia jasminoides, and other organisms with data available."]], ["Crocin", "C/C(=C\\C=C\\C=C(\\C=C\\C=C(\\C(=O)O[C@@H]1O[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]1O)O)O)CO[C@@H]2O[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]2O)O)O)CO)/C)/C)/C=C/C=C(/C(=O)O[C@@H]3O[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]3O)O)O)CO[C@@H]4O[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]4O)O)O)CO)\\C", ["Crocin-1 is a diester that is crocetin in which both of the carboxy groups have been converted to their gentiobiosyl esters. It is one of the water-soluble yellow-red pigments of saffron and is used as a spice for flavouring and colouring food. Note that in India, the term 'Crocin' is also used by GlaxoSmithKline as a brand-name for paracetamol. It has a role as an antioxidant, a food colouring, a plant metabolite and a histological dye. It is a diester, a disaccharide derivative and a diterpenoid. It is functionally related to a beta-D-gentiobiosyl crocetin and a gentiobiose.", "Crocin has been investigated for the treatment of Hyperglycemia, Metabolic Syndrome, Hypertriglyceridemia, and Hypercholesterolemia.", "Crocin is a natural product found in Gardenia jasminoides, Calycanthus, and other organisms with data available."]], ["beta-Cryptoxanthin", "CC1=C(C(CCC1)(C)C)/C=C/C(=C/C=C/C(=C/C=C/C=C(\\C)/C=C/C=C(\\C)/C=C/C2=C(C[C@H](CC2(C)C)O)C)/C)/C", ["Beta-cryptoxanthin is a carotenol that exhibits antioxidant activity. It has been isolated from fruits such as papaya and oranges. It has a role as a provitamin A, an antioxidant, a biomarker and a plant metabolite. It derives from a hydride of a beta-carotene.", "beta-Cryptoxanthin is a natural product found in Hibiscus syriacus, Cladonia gracilis, and other organisms with data available.", "A mono-hydroxylated xanthophyll that is a provitamin A precursor."]], ["Lutein", "CC1=C(C(C[C@@H](C1)O)(C)C)/C=C/C(=C/C=C/C(=C/C=C/C=C(\\C)/C=C/C=C(\\C)/C=C/[C@H]2C(=C[C@@H](CC2(C)C)O)C)/C)/C", ["Lutein is a carotenol. It has a role as a food colouring and a plant metabolite. It derives from a hydride of a (6'R)-beta,epsilon-carotene.", "Lutein is an xanthophyll and one of 600 known naturally occurring carotenoids. Lutein is synthesized only by plants and like other xanthophylls is found in high quantities in green leafy vegetables such as spinach, kale and yellow carrots. In green plants, xanthophylls act to modulate light energy and serve as non-photochemical quenching agents to deal with triplet chlorophyll (an excited form of chlorophyll), which is overproduced at very high light levels, during photosynthesis.", "Lutein is a natural product found in Eupatorium cannabinum, Hibiscus syriacus, and other organisms with data available.", "Lutein is lutein (LOO-teen) is a oxygenated carotenoid found in vegetables and fruits.  lutein is found in the macula of the eye, where it is believed to act as a yellow filter. Lutein acts as an antioxidant, protecting cells against the damaging effects of free radicals.", "A xanthophyll found in the major LIGHT-HARVESTING PROTEIN COMPLEXES of plants. Dietary lutein accumulates in the MACULA LUTEA."]], ["Norbixin", "C/C(=C\\C=C\\C=C(\\C=C\\C=C(\\C=C\\C(=O)O)/C)/C)/C=C/C=C(/C=C/C(=O)O)\\C", ["Norbixin is a diterpenoid.", "Norbixin is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03820245 (Effect of Short-term Annatto Carotenoids Supplementation on Oxidative Stress Status in Healthy Individuals).", "Norbixin is a natural product found in Bixa orellana with data available."]], ["Esculin", "C1=CC(=O)OC2=CC(=C(C=C21)O[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O3)CO)O)O)O)O", ["Esculin is a hydroxycoumarin that is the 6-O-beta-D-glucoside of esculetin. It has a role as an antioxidant and a metabolite. It is a beta-D-glucoside and a hydroxycoumarin. It is functionally related to an esculetin.", "Esculin is found in barley. Vitamin C2 is generally considered a bioflavanoid, related to vitamin P esculin is a glucoside that naturally occurs in the horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum), California Buckeye (Aesculus californica) and in daphnin (the dark green resin of Daphne mezereum). Esculin belongs to the family of Glycosyl Compounds. These are carbohydrate derivatives in which a sugar group is bonded through its anmoeric carbonA to another group via a C-, S-,N-,O-, or Se- glycosidic bond.", "Esculin is a natural product found in Ficus septica, Gardenia jasminoides, and other organisms with data available.", "A derivative of COUMARIN with molecular formula C15H16O9."]], ["Caryophyllene", "C/C/1=C\\CCC(=C)[C@H]2CC([C@@H]2CC1)(C)C", ["Beta-caryophyllene is a pale yellow oily liquid with an odor midway between odor of cloves and turpentine. (NTP, 1992)", "(-)-beta-caryophyllene is a beta-caryophyllene in which the stereocentre adjacent to the exocyclic double bond has S configuration while the remaining stereocentre has R configuration. It is the most commonly occurring form of beta-caryophyllene, occurring in many essential oils, particularly oil of cloves. It has a role as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, a fragrance, a metabolite and an insect attractant. It is an enantiomer of a (+)-beta-caryophyllene.", "Caryophyllene is a natural product found in Nepeta nepetella, Teucrium montanum, and other organisms with data available.", "See also: Humulene (related); Isocaryophyllene (related); (+)-beta-Caryophyllene (is enantiomer of)."]], ["Chrysosplenetin", "COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C(=C(C=C3O2)OC)OC)O)OC)O", ["Chrysosplenetin is a tetramethoxyflavone that is the 3,6,7,3'-tetramethyl ether derivative of quercetagetin. It has a role as an antiviral agent and a plant metabolite. It is a tetramethoxyflavone and a dihydroxyflavone. It is functionally related to a quercetagetin.", "Chrysosplenetin is a natural product found in Haplophyllum myrtifolium, Cleome amblyocarpa, and other organisms with data available."]], ["Orientin", "C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(O2)C(=C(C=C3O)O)[C@H]4[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O", ["Orientin is a C-glycosyl compound that is luteolin substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 8. It has a role as an antioxidant and a metabolite. It is a C-glycosyl compound, a tetrahydroxyflavone and a 3'-hydroxyflavonoid. It is functionally related to a luteolin.", "Orientin is a natural product found in Itea chinensis, Vellozia epidendroides, and other organisms with data available."]], ["Daidzein", "C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=COC3=C(C2=O)C=CC(=C3)O)O", ["Daidzein is a member of the class of 7-hydroxyisoflavones that is 7-hydroxyisoflavone substituted by an additional hydroxy group at position 4'. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent, a phytoestrogen, a plant metabolite, an EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor and an EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor. It is a conjugate acid of a daidzein(1-).", "Daidzein is a natural product found in Pericopsis elata, Thermopsis lanceolata, and other organisms with data available.", "Daidzein is an isoflavone extract from soy, which is an inactive analog of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor genistein. It has antioxidant and phytoestrogenic properties. (NCI)", "Daidzein is one of several known isoflavones. Isoflavones compounds are found in a number of plants, but soybeans and soy products like tofu and textured vegetable protein are the primary food source. Up until recently, daidzein was considered to be one of the most important and most studied isoflavones, however more recently attention has shifted to isoflavone metabolites. Equol represents the main active product of daidzein metabolism, produced via specific microflora in the gut. The clinical effectiveness of soy isoflavones may be a function of the ability to biotransform soy isoflavones to the more potent estrogenic metabolite, equol, which may enhance the actions of soy isoflavones, owing to its greater affinity for estrogen receptors, unique antiandrogenic properties, and superior antioxidant activity. However, not all individuals consuming daidzein produce equol. Only approximately one-third to one-half of the population is able to metabolize daidzein to equol. This high variability in equol production is presumably attributable to interindividual differences in the composition of the intestinal microflora, which may play an important role in the mechanisms of action of isoflavones. But, the specific bacterial species in the colon involved in the production of equol are yet to be discovered.  (A3191, A3189)."]], ["Pterostilbene", "COC1=CC(=CC(=C1)/C=C/C2=CC=C(C=C2)O)OC", ["Pterostilbene is a stilbenol that consists of trans-stilbene bearing a hydroxy group at position 4 as well as two methoxy substituents at positions 3' and 5'. It has a role as an antioxidant, an antineoplastic agent, a neurotransmitter, a plant metabolite, an apoptosis inducer, a neuroprotective agent, an anti-inflammatory agent, a radical scavenger and a hypoglycemic agent. It is a stilbenol, a member of methoxybenzenes and a diether. It derives from a hydride of a trans-stilbene.", "Pterostilbene is a natural product found in Vitis rupestris, Pterocarpus marsupium, and other organisms with data available.", "Pterostilbene is a naturally-derived stilbenoid structurally related to resveratrol, with potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, pro-apoptotic, antineoplastic and cytoprotective activities. Upon administration, pterostilbene exerts its anti-oxidant activity by scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby preventing oxidative stress and ROS-induced cell damage. It may also activate the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-mediated pathway and increase the expression of various antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD).  In addition, pterostilbene is able to inhibit inflammation by reducing the expression of various inflammatory mediators, such as interleukin (IL) 1beta, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenases (COX), and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB). It also inhibits or prevents the activation of many signaling pathways involved in carcinogenesis, and increases expression of various tumor suppressor genes while decreasing expression of certain tumor promoting genes. It also directly induces apoptosis in tumor cells."]], ["Rosmarinic acid", "C1=CC(=C(C=C1C[C@H](C(=O)O)OC(=O)/C=C/C2=CC(=C(C=C2)O)O)O)O", ["(R)-rosmarinic acid is a stereoisomer of rosmarinic acid having (R)-configuration. It has a role as a plant metabolite and a geroprotector. It is a conjugate acid of a (R)-rosmarinate. It is an enantiomer of a (S)-rosmarinic acid.", "Rosmarinic acid is a natural product found in Dimetia scandens, Scrophularia scorodonia, and other organisms with data available."]], ["Salvianolic acid A", "C1=CC(=C(C=C1C[C@H](C(=O)O)OC(=O)/C=C/C2=C(C(=C(C=C2)O)O)/C=C/C3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)O)O)O", ["Salvianolic acid A is a stilbenoid.", "Salvianolic acid A is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03908242 (Phase I Study of Continuous Administration of Salvianolic Acid A Tablet).", "Salvianolic acid A is a natural product found in Salvia miltiorrhiza, Salvia flava, and other organisms with data available."]], ["Pratensein", "COC1=C(C=C(C=C1)C2=COC3=CC(=CC(=C3C2=O)O)O)O", ["Pratensein is a member of the class of 7-hydroxyisoflavones in which isoflavone is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 5, 7, and 3' positions, and by a methoxy group at the 4' position. It is a member of 7-hydroxyisoflavones and a member of 4'-methoxyisoflavones. It is a conjugate acid of a pratensein(1-).", "Pratensein is a natural product found in Dalbergia sissoo, Cicer chorassanicum, and other organisms with data available."]], ["Puerarin", "C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=COC3=C(C2=O)C=CC(=C3[C@H]4[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O", ["Puerarin is a hydroxyisoflavone that is isoflavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 7 and 4' and a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 8 via a C-glycosidic linkage. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a C-glycosyl compound and a hydroxyisoflavone. It is functionally related to an isoflavone.", "Puerarin has been investigated for the treatment of Alcohol Abuse.", "Puerarin is a natural product found in Neustanthus phaseoloides, Clematis hexapetala, and other organisms with data available."]], ["trans-Flupentixol", "C1CN(CCN1CC/C=C/2\\C3=CC=CC=C3SC4=C2C=C(C=C4)C(F)(F)F)CCO", ["2-[4-[3-[2-(trifluoromethyl)-9-thioxanthenylidene]propyl]-1-piperazinyl]ethanol is a member of thioxanthenes.", "A thioxanthene neuroleptic that, unlike CHLORPROMAZINE, is claimed to have CNS-activating properties. It is used in the treatment of psychoses although not in excited or manic patients. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p595)"]], ["Valspodar", "C/C=C/C[C@@H](C)C(=O)[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N(CC(=O)N([C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N([C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](C(=O)N([C@H](C(=O)N([C@H](C(=O)N([C@H](C(=O)N1C)C(C)C)C)CC(C)C)C)CC(C)C)C)C)C)CC(C)C)C)C(C)C)CC(C)C)C)C)C(C)C", ["SDZ PSC 833 is a homodetic cyclic peptide.", "Valspodar has been used in trials studying the treatment of Cancer, Sarcoma, Leukemia, Lymphoma, and Breast Cancer, among others."]], ["Coenzyme Q10", "CC1=C(C(=O)C(=C(C1=O)OC)OC)C/C=C(\\C)/CC/C=C(\\C)/CC/C=C(\\C)/CC/C=C(\\C)/CC/C=C(\\C)/CC/C=C(\\C)/CC/C=C(\\C)/CC/C=C(\\C)/CC/C=C(\\C)/CCC=C(C)C", ["Coenzyme Q10 is a ubiquinone having a side chain of 10 isoprenoid units. In the naturally occurring isomer, all isoprenyl double bonds are in the E- configuration. It has a role as a human metabolite, a ferroptosis inhibitor and an antioxidant.", "Ubidecarenone, also called coenzyme Q10, is a 1,4-benzoquinone. From its name (Q10), the Q refers to the constitutive quinone group, and 10 is related to the number of isoprenyl subunits in its tail. It is a powerful antioxidant, a lipid-soluble and essential cofactor in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. The ubidecarenone is the coenzyme destined for mitochondrial enzyme complexes involved in oxidative phosphorylation in the production of ATP. It is fundamental for cells that have a high metabolic demand. Ubidecarenone is sold as a dietary supplement and is not FDA approved as a drug - it is not meant to treat, cure or prevent any disease. FDA does not approve this dietary supplements before sold nor regulate the manufacturing process.", "Ubiquinone-10 is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).", "Coenzyme Q10 is a natural product found in Vitis labrusca, Malva sylvestris, and other organisms with data available.", "Coenzyme Q10 is a naturally occurring benzoquinone important in electron transport in mitochondrial membranes. Coenzyme Q10 functions as an endogenous antioxidant; deficiencies of this enzyme have been observed in patients with many different types of cancer and limited studies have suggested that coenzyme Q10 may induce tumor regression in patients with breast cancer. This agent may have immunostimulatory effects. (NCI04)"]], ["Anandamide", "CCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCC(=O)NCCO", ["Anandamide is an N-acylethanolamine 20:4 resulting from the formal condensation of carboxy group of arachidonic acid with the amino group of ethanolamine. It has a role as a neurotransmitter, a vasodilator agent and a human blood serum metabolite. It is an endocannabinoid and a N-acylethanolamine 20:4. It is functionally related to an arachidonic acid.", "Anandamide is a natural product found in Caenorhabditis elegans and Homo sapiens with data available."]], ["N-Arachidonoyl dopamine", "CCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCC(=O)NCCC1=CC(=C(C=C1)O)O", ["Arachidonoyl dopamine is a fatty amide, a member of catechols, a secondary carboxamide and a N-(fatty acyl)-dopamine. It is functionally related to a dopamine and an arachidonic acid."]], ["Pheniramine Maleate", "CN(C)CCC(C1=CC=CC=C1)C2=CC=CC=N2.C(=C\\C(=O)O)\\C(=O)O", ["Pheniramine maleate is a white powder with a faint amine-like odor. Melting point 107 \u00b0C. pH (1% solution) 4.5-5.5. Used medicinally as an antihistamine.", "Pheniramine maleate is an organic molecular entity.", "Pheniramine Maleate is the maleate salt form of pheniramine, an alkylamine derivative with antihistaminic and vasodilatory properties. Pheniramine maleate binds to histamine H1 receptors, thereby inhibiting phospholipase A2 and production of endothelium-derived relaxing factor, nitric oxide. Subsequent lack of activation of guanylyl cyclase through nitric oxide results in decreased cyclic GMP (cGMP) levels, thereby inhibiting constriction of smooth muscle tissue, and decreased capillary permeability and histamine-activated allergic reactions.", "One of the HISTAMINE H1 ANTAGONISTS with little sedative action. It is used in treatment of hay fever, rhinitis, allergic dermatoses, and pruritus."]], ["Josamycin", "C[C@@H]1C/C=C/C=C/[C@@H]([C@@H](C[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](CC(=O)O1)OC(=O)C)OC)O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O2)C)O[C@H]3C[C@@]([C@H]([C@@H](O3)C)OC(=O)CC(C)C)(C)O)N(C)C)O)CC=O)C)O", ["Josamycin is a macrolide antibiotic produced by certain strains of Streptomyces narbonensis var. josamyceticus. It has a role as an antibacterial drug and a metabolite. It is a macrolide antibiotic, an aldehyde, a tertiary amino compound, a tertiary alcohol, an acetate ester, a disaccharide derivative and a glycoside.", "A macrolide antibiotic from Streptomyces narbonensis. The drug has antimicrobial activity against a wide spectrum of pathogens.", "A macrolide antibiotic from Streptomyces narbonensis. The drug has antimicrobial activity against a wide spectrum of pathogens."]], ["Midecamycin", "CCC(=O)O[C@@H]1CC(=O)O[C@@H](C/C=C/C=C/[C@@H]([C@@H](C[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]1OC)O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O2)C)O[C@H]3C[C@@]([C@H]([C@@H](O3)C)OC(=O)CC)(C)O)N(C)C)O)CC=O)C)O)C", ["Midecamycin is an organic molecular entity.", "Midecamycin is a naturally occurring 16-membered macrolide that fits under the category of acetoxy-substituted macrolide antibiotics. In this molecule, an acetoxy group is substituted on the position 9 of the 16-member ring and on position 4 of the terminal sugar. Until 2017, midecamycin was still under the list of approved antimicrobial active pharmaceutical ingredients by Health Canada."]], ["Isopropyl unoprostone", "CCCCCCCC(=O)CC[C@H]1[C@@H](C[C@@H]([C@@H]1C/C=C\\CCCC(=O)OC(C)C)O)O", ["Isopropyl unoprostone is the isopropyl ester of unoprostone. It has a role as an antiglaucoma drug, an antihypertensive agent and a prodrug. It is a prostaglandins Falpha, a ketone and an isopropyl ester. It is functionally related to an unoprostone.", "Unoprostone Isopropyl is a docosanoid and a structural analogue of an inactive biosynthetic cyclic derivative of arachidonic acid, 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin F 2a. Although the mechanism of action is unknown, unoprostone isopropyl may reduce elevated intraocular pressure by increasing the outflow of aqueous humor upon ocular administration."]], ["Tocoretinate", "CC1=C(C(CCC1)(C)C)/C=C/C(=C/C=C/C(=C/C(=O)OC2=C(C3=C(C(=C2C)C)O[C@](CC3)(C)CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)C)/C)/C", ["Tocoretinate is a tocol.", "Tretinoin Tocoferil is an alpha-tocopherol ester of all trans-retinoic acid (ATRA or tretinoin), with skin healing, differentiation inducing and anti-leukemia activities. By stimulating the formation of tissue granulation and wound healing, tretinoin tocoferil promotes the healing of skin ulcers. In addition, this agent induces the granulocytic differentiation of human leukemia cells and inhibits cellular proliferation. Tretinoin tocoferil does not induce teratogenesis and is less toxic than ATRA."]], ["Gefarnate", "CC(=CCC/C(=C/CC/C(=C/CCC(=O)OC/C=C(\\C)/CCC=C(C)C)/C)/C)C", ["Gefarnate is an organic molecular entity.", "Gefarnate has been investigated for the treatment and prevention of Stomach Ulcer, Duodenal Ulcer, and Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease.", "A water insoluble terpene fatty acid used in the treatment of gastrointestinal ulcers; it facilitates the healing and function of mucosal tissue."]], ["Sorivudine", "C1=C(C(=O)NC(=O)N1[C@H]2[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O2)CO)O)O)/C=C/Br", ["Sorivudine is an organic molecular entity.", "Sorivudine has been used in trials studying the treatment of Chickenpox and HIV Infections.", "Sorivudine is a synthetic thymidine analogue with potent antiviral activity against herpes simplex and varicella zoster viruses. Sorivudine is phosphorylated into triphosphate form within the cells; this metabolite interferes with viral DNA replication by inhibiting DNA polymerase activity without been incorporated into elongating viral DNA. Due to the dangerous effects of drug-drug interactions via its metabolite, sorivudine has been removed from the market."]], ["Teprenone", "CC(=CCC/C(=C/CC/C(=C/CC/C(=C/CCC(=O)C)/C)/C)/C)C", ["Teprenone is a terpene ketone in which a (9E,13E)-geranylgernayl group is bonded to one of the alpha-methyls of acetone (it is a mixture of 5E- and 5Z-geoisomers in a 3:2 ratio). It has a role as an anti-ulcer drug, a cardioprotective agent, a hepatoprotective agent, a nephroprotective agent, a neuroprotective agent and a Hsp70 inducer. It is a methyl ketone and a terpene ketone. It contains a geranylgeranyl group."]], ["Pentamycin", "CCCCC[C@H]([C@@H]1[C@H](C[C@H](C[C@H](C[C@H](C[C@H](C[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H](/C(=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/[C@@H]([C@H](OC1=O)C)O)/C)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O", ["Fungichromin is a macrolide and an antibiotic antifungal drug.", "Pentamycin is a natural product found in Streptomyces cellulosae with data available."]], ["Pelubiprofen", "CC(C1=CC=C(C=C1)/C=C/2\\CCCCC2=O)C(=O)O", ["Pelubiprofen has been investigated for the treatment of Chronic Back Pain."]], ["Sofalcone", "CC(=CCOC1=CC=C(C=C1)/C=C/C(=O)C2=C(C=C(C=C2)OCC=C(C)C)OCC(=O)O)C", ["Sofalcone is a member of the class of chalcones that is benzene in which the hydrogens at positions 1,2 and 5 are replaced by carboxymethoxy, (1E)-1-{4-[(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)oxy]phenyl}-3-oxoprop-1-en-3-yl, and (3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)oxy groups, respectively. It is a gastrointestinal drug currently used for treatment of gastritis and gastric ulcers in Japan and South Korea. It has a role as an anti-ulcer drug, a gastrointestinal drug, a plant metabolite and an antibacterial agent. It is an aromatic ether, a monocarboxylic acid and a member of chalcones.", "Sofalcone is a mucosal protective agent that has been reported to inhibit growth of Helicobacter pylori. on adherence, production of vacuolating toxin (VT), and induction of interleukin-8 (IL-8) secretion by H. pylori."]], ["Gemeprost", "CCCCC(C)(C)[C@@H](/C=C/[C@H]1[C@@H](CC(=O)[C@@H]1CCCC/C=C/C(=O)OC)O)O", ["Gemeprost is an aliphatic alcohol.", "Gemeprost is a prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) analog and antiprogestogen used for preoperative dilation of the cervix before surgical abortion. It is available as vaginal suppositories and also used in combination with the antiprogestin and mifepristone for termination of 1st- and 2nd-trimester pregnancy. It is not FDA-approved but available in Japan marketed as Preglandin."]], ["Trimipramine maleate", "CC(CN1C2=CC=CC=C2CCC3=CC=CC=C31)CN(C)C.C(=C\\C(=O)O)\\C(=O)O", ["Trimipramine Maleate is the maleate salt form of trimipramine, a tricyclic secondary amine of the dibenzazepine class, with an antidepressant property. Trimipramine maleate appears to inhibit serotonin transport and norepinephrine uptake by nerve terminals. This increases available norepinephrine or serotonin and prolongs its action.", "Tricyclic antidepressant similar to IMIPRAMINE, but with more antihistaminic and sedative properties."]], ["Acotiamide", "CC(C)N(CCNC(=O)C1=CSC(=N1)NC(=O)C2=CC(=C(C=C2O)OC)OC)C(C)C", ["Acotiamide is a member of salicylamides.", "Acotiamide has been used in trials studying the treatment of Dyspepsia and Functional Dyspepsia.", "Acotiamide is a prokinetic agent with gastrointestinal (GI) motility-enhancing activity. Although the exact mechanism by which acotiamide exerts its effect has yet to be fully elucidated, this agent appears to inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AchE), an enzyme responsible for the breakdown of acetylcholine (Ach). Increased Ach concentrations lead to an improvement of gastric emptying and GI motility and eventually to a reduction of dyspepsia symptoms."]], ["Crinecerfont", "CC1=C(C=C(C=C1)[C@H](CC2CC2)N(CC#C)C3=NC(=C(S3)C)C4=C(C=C(C(=C4)C)OC)Cl)F", ["SSR 125543 is an amine."]], ["gamma-Tocotrienol", "CC1=C(C=C2CC[C@@](OC2=C1C)(C)CC/C=C(\\C)/CC/C=C(\\C)/CCC=C(C)C)O", ["Gamma-tocotrienol is a tocotrienol that is chroman-6-ol substituted by methyl groups at positions 2, 7 and 8 and a farnesyl chain at position 2. A vitamin E family member that has potent anti-cancer properties against a wide-range of cancers. It has a role as an antioxidant, an antineoplastic agent, a plant metabolite, a radiation protective agent, an apoptosis inducer and a hepatoprotective agent. It is a tocotrienol and a vitamin E.", "gamma-Tocotrienol is a natural product found in Amaranthus cruentus, Triadica sebifera, and other organisms with data available."]], ["Menatetrenone", "CC1=C(C(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2C1=O)C/C=C(\\C)/CC/C=C(\\C)/CC/C=C(\\C)/CCC=C(C)C", ["Menaquinone-4 is a menaquinone whose side-chain contains 4 isoprene units in an all-trans-configuration. It has a role as a bone density conservation agent, a human metabolite, an antioxidant, an anti-inflammatory agent and a neuroprotective agent.", "Menatetrenone has been used in trials studying the treatment of Diabetes, Osteoporosis, Prediabetic State, and Hepatocellular Carcinoma.", "Menatetrenone is a menaquinone compound and form of vitamin K2 with potential antineoplastic activity. Menatetrenone may act by modulating the signalling of certain tyrosine kinases, thereby affecting several transcription factors including c-myc and c-fos. This agent inhibits tumor cell growth by inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest."]], ["Etretinate", "CCOC(=O)/C=C(\\C)/C=C/C=C(\\C)/C=C/C1=C(C(=C(C=C1C)OC)C)C", ["Etretinate is a retinoid, an enoate ester and an ethyl ester. It has a role as a keratolytic drug.", "Etretinate is a synthetic oral retinoid that is a prodrug of acitretin.  Etretinate activates retinoid receptors, causing an induction of cell differentiation, inhibition of cell proliferation, and inhibition of tissue infiltration by inflammatory cells.  Etretinate is no longer commercially available in the U.S. due to the extended potential for teratogenic effects related to its long half-life. (NCI04)", "An oral retinoid used in the treatment of keratotic genodermatosis, lichen planus, and psoriasis. Beneficial effects have also been claimed in the prophylaxis of epithelial neoplasia. The compound may be teratogenic."]], ["Olopatadine hydrochloride", "CN(C)CC/C=C\\1/C2=CC=CC=C2COC3=C1C=C(C=C3)CC(=O)O.Cl", ["Olopatadine hydrochloride is a dibenzooxazepine.", "Olopatadine Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of olopatadine, a dual action selective histamine H1 receptor antagonist and mast cell stabilizer with anti-allergic activity. Olopatadine stabilizes mast cells and prevents histamine release from mast cells. In addition, this agent also blocks histamine H1 receptors, thereby preventing histamine from binding to these receptors. Both actions prevent the effects of histamine on capillaries, bronchial smooth muscle, and gastrointestinal (GI) smooth muscle, including histamine-induced vasodilation, increased capillary permeability, bronchoconstriction, and spasmodic contraction of GI smooth muscle. This drug also prevents histamine-induced pain and itching of mucous membranes.", "An antihistamine with mast-cell stabilizing properties used as eye drops in the treatment of ALLERGIC CONJUNCTIVITIS."]], ["Flunarizine hydrochloride", "C1CN(CCN1C/C=C/C2=CC=CC=C2)C(C3=CC=C(C=C3)F)C4=CC=C(C=C4)F.Cl.Cl", ["Flunarizine hydrochloride is a diarylmethane.", "Flunarizine is a selective calcium entry blocker with calmodulin binding properties and histamine H1 blocking activity. It is effective in the prophylaxis of migraine, occlusive peripheral vascular disease, vertigo of central and peripheral origin, and as an adjuvant in the therapy of epilepsy."]], ["Epoprostenol", "CCCCC[C@@H](/C=C/[C@H]1[C@@H](C[C@H]2[C@@H]1C/C(=C/CCCC(=O)O)/O2)O)O", ["Prostaglandin I2 is a prostaglandins I. It has a role as a mouse metabolite. It is a conjugate acid of a prostaglandin I2(1-).", "A prostaglandin that is a powerful vasodilator and inhibits platelet aggregation. It is biosynthesized enzymatically from prostaglandin endoperoxides in human vascular tissue. The sodium salt has been also used to treat primary pulmonary hypertension.", "Epoprostenol is a Prostacycline Vasodilator. The physiologic effect of epoprostenol is by means of Vasodilation.", "Epoprostenol is a natural product found in Homo sapiens with data available.", "Epoprostenol is an oral prostacyclin and a metabolite of arachidonic acid with antihypertensive and platelet inhibitory properties. Epoprostenol binds to prostacyclin receptors on platelet surfaces, subsequently activating platelet membrane adenyl cyclase and resulting in increased cAMP levels. The elevated cAMP triggers signal transduction that leads to vasodilations. In addition, this agent also functions as an antagonist of thromboxane A2, thereby resulting in direct vasodilation of pulmonary and systemic arterial vascular beds, and inhibition of platelet aggregation.", "A prostaglandin that is a powerful vasodilator and inhibits platelet aggregation. It is biosynthesized enzymatically from PROSTAGLANDIN ENDOPEROXIDES in human vascular tissue. The sodium salt has been also used to treat primary pulmonary hypertension (HYPERTENSION, PULMONARY)."]], ["Indocyanine green acid form", "CC1(C(=[N+](C2=C1C3=CC=CC=C3C=C2)CCCCS(=O)(=O)O)/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C\\4/C(C5=C(N4CCCCS(=O)(=O)O)C=CC6=CC=CC=C65)(C)C)C", ["Indocyanine Green is a water soluble, tricarbocyanine dye with a peak spectral absorption at 800 nm. The chemical name for Indocyanine Green is 1 H-Benz[e]indolium, 2-[7-[1,3-dihydro-1,1-dimethyl-3-(4-sulfobutyl)-2H-benz[e] indol-2-ylidene]-1,3,5-heptatrienyl]-1,1-dimethyl-3-(4-sulfobutyl)-,hydroxide, inner salt, sodium salt. Indocyanine Green for Injection USP has a pH of approximately 6.5 when reconstituted. Each vial of Indocyanine Green for Injection USP contains 25 mg of Indocyanine Green as a sterile lyophilized powder with no more than 5% sodium iodide."]], ["CID 5282416", "CC(CC1=CC=C(C=C1)OC)NCC(C2=CC(=C(C=C2)O)NC=O)O.CC(CC1=CC=C(C=C1)OC)NCC(C2=CC(=C(C=C2)O)NC=O)O.C(=C/C(=O)O)\\C(=O)O", ["Formoterol Fumarate is the fumarate salt form of formoterol, a long-acting and selective sympathomimetic beta-receptor agonist with bronchodilator activity. Formoterol fumarate binds beta 2 adrenergic receptors in bronchial smooth muscle and stimulates intracellular adenyl cyclase, thereby increasing the production of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). Increased cAMP levels cause relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle, improve mucociliary clearance and reduce mediator substance release in inflammatory cells, especially from mast cells. (NCI05)", "An ADRENERGIC BETA-2 RECEPTOR AGONIST with a prolonged duration of action. It is used to manage ASTHMA and in the treatment of CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE."]], ["Cefcapene pivoxil hydrochloride", "CC/C=C(/C1=CSC(=N1)N)\\C(=O)N[C@H]2[C@@H]3N(C2=O)C(=C(CS3)COC(=O)N)C(=O)OCOC(=O)C(C)(C)C.O.Cl", ["Cefcapene Pivoxil Hydrochloride Hydrate is the hydrate hydrochloride salt form of cefcapene pivalate, a prodrug and third-generation cephalosporin with antibacterial activity. After oral administration of cefcapene pivoxil hydrochloride hydrate the ester bond is cleaved, releasing active cefcapene."]], ["Ozagrel", "C1=CC(=CC=C1CN2C=CN=C2)/C=C/C(=O)O", ["Ozagrel is a member of cinnamic acids.", "Ozagrel has been used in trials studying the treatment of Dry Eye Syndromes."]], ["Cinepazide", "COC1=CC(=CC(=C1OC)OC)/C=C/C(=O)N2CCN(CC2)CC(=O)N3CCCC3", ["Cinepazide is an olefinic compound. It is functionally related to a cinnamic acid.", "Cinepazide has been used in trials studying the treatment of Ischemic Stroke."]], ["Paroxetine hydrochloride hemihydrate", "C1CNC[C@H]([C@@H]1C2=CC=C(C=C2)F)COC3=CC4=C(C=C3)OCO4.C1CNC[C@H]([C@@H]1C2=CC=C(C=C2)F)COC3=CC4=C(C=C3)OCO4.O.Cl.Cl", ["A serotonin uptake inhibitor that is effective in the treatment of depression."]], ["Viomycinsulfat", "C1[C@@H](NC(=N[C@H]1O)N)[C@H]2C(=O)NC[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N/C(=C\\NC(=O)N)/C(=O)N2)CO)CO)NC(=O)C[C@H](CCCN)N.OS(=O)(=O)O", ["Viomycin Sulfate is a sulfate salt form of viomycin, a tuberactinomycin antibiotic used to treat tuberculosis."]], ["Ethanolamine oleate", "CCCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCC(=O)O.C(CO)N", ["Ethanolamine Oleate is a long-chain fatty acid.", "Ethanolamine oleate is a mild sclerosing agent.  It is composed of ethanolamine, a basic substance, which when combined with oleic acid forms a clear, straw to pale yellow colored, deliquescent oleate.", "Ethanolamine Oleate is a synthetic preparation of oleic acid and ethanolamine, a first generation monoethanolamine with sclerotherapeutic activity. Ethanolamine oleate causes an acute, dose-related inflammatory reaction of the intimal endothelium of the vein. This leads to scarring at the inner wall of the veins and possible occlusion of the veins. The oleic acid component may also transiently activate coagulation and fibrinolytic systems through the release of tissue factor and activation of Hageman factor."]], ["Clocortolone pivalate", "C[C@@H]1C[C@H]2[C@@H]3C[C@@H](C4=CC(=O)C=C[C@@]4([C@]3([C@H](C[C@@]2([C@H]1C(=O)COC(=O)C(C)(C)C)C)O)Cl)C)F", ["Clocortolone pivalate is the 21-O-pivalate ester of clocortolone. It is used for the relief of inflammatory and pruritic (itching) skin disorders. It has a role as an anti-inflammatory drug and an antipruritic drug. It is a glucocorticoid, an 11beta-hydroxy steroid, a pivalate ester, a 20-oxo steroid, a fluorinated steroid, a 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid and a chlorinated steroid. It is functionally related to a clocortolone.", "Clocortolone Pivalate is a glucocorticoid receptor agonist with metabolic, anti-inflammatory, and immunosuppressive activity. Clocortolone pivalate exerts its effect by interacting with specific intracellular receptors and subsequently binds to DNA to modify gene expression. This results in an induction of the synthesis of certain anti-inflammatory proteins while inhibiting the synthesis of certain inflammatory mediators. Consequently, an overall reduction in chronic inflammation and autoimmune reactions are accomplished."]], ["D-Glucopyranose, monohydrate", "C([C@@H]1[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](C(O1)O)O)O)O)O.O", ["Corn syrup is a viscous odorless colorless liquid. Denser than water. An aqueous solution of glucose, maltose and other substances derived by hydrolysis of cornstarch. Used as a sweetener in foods."]], ["Homatropine", "CN1[C@@H]2CC[C@H]1CC(C2)OC(=O)C(C3=CC=CC=C3)O", ["Homatropine is a monocarboxylic acid.", "Homatropine is an anticholinergic drug that acts as an antagonist at muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. It is present in antitussives, under the trade name Hycodan, in combination with hydrocodone (dihydrocodeinone) bitartrate indicated for the symptomatic relief of cough as oral tablets or solutions. Homatropine is included in subtherapeutic amounts as homatropine methylbromide to discourage deliberate overdosage. Homatropine hydrobromide has been administered as ophthalmic solutions as a cycloplegic to temporarily paralyze accomodation, and to induce mydriasis (the dilation of the pupil); however such therapeutic use has not been approved by the FDA to be safe and effective.", "Homatropine is a Cholinergic Muscarinic Antagonist. The mechanism of action of homatropine is as a Cholinergic Muscarinic Antagonist.", "Homatropine is a synthetic tertiary amine alkaloid with antimuscarinic properties. Homatropine, a competitive inhibitor of acetylcholine at the muscarinic receptor, blocks parasympathetic nerve stimulation."]], ["Cetoleic acid", "CCCCCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCCCC(=O)O", ["Cetoleic acid is a docosenoic acid having a cis-double bond at position 11. It has a role as a Daphnia tenebrosa metabolite. It is a conjugate acid of a cetoleate.", "Cetoleic acid is a natural product found in Glycyrrhiza glabra with data available.", "Cetoleic Acid is a monounsaturated very long-chain fatty acid with a 22-carbon backbone and a single double bond originating from the 11th position from the methyl end."]], ["9,11-Octadecadienoic acid", "CCCCCC/C=C/C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)O", ["9E,11E-octadecadienoic acid is an octadeca-9,11-dienoic acid having 9-trans,11-trans-stereochemistry. It has a role as an apoptosis inducer, an antineoplastic agent, an anti-inflammatory agent, an antiatherogenic agent, a bacterial xenobiotic metabolite and a human metabolite.", "9,11-Octadecadienoic acid is a natural product found in Brassica napus with data available.", "Conjugated Linoleic Acid is a slightly altered form of linoleic acid, which is an omega-6 fatty acid important to human health.  It is found in beef and dairy fats."]], ["5-trans-PGF2alpha", "CCCCC[C@@H](/C=C/[C@H]1[C@@H](C[C@@H]([C@@H]1C/C=C/CCCC(=O)O)O)O)O", ["5-trans-PGF2alpha is a prostanoid.", "A naturally occurring prostaglandin that has oxytocic, luteolytic, and abortifacient activities. Due to its vasocontractile properties, the compound has a variety of other biological actions."]], ["12(S)-Hete", "CCCCC/C=C\\C[C@@H](/C=C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCC(=O)O)O", ["12(S)-HETE is a HETE having a (12S)-hydroxy group and (5Z)-, (8Z)-, (10E)- and (14Z)-double bonds. It has a role as a pro-angiogenic agent and a human metabolite. It is a HETE and a (5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-12-hydroxyicosatetraenoic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a 12(S)-HETE(1-). It is an enantiomer of a 12(R)-HETE.", "A lipoxygenase metabolite of ARACHIDONIC ACID. It is a highly selective ligand used to label mu-opioid receptors in both membranes and tissue sections. The 12-S-HETE analog has been reported to augment tumor cell metastatic potential through activation of protein kinase C. (J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1995; 274(3):1545-51; J Natl Cancer Inst 1994; 86(15):1145-51)"]], ["20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid", "C(CC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCC(=O)O)CCO", ["20-HETE is a HETE that consists of arachidonic acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 20. It has a role as a human metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a hydroxy monocarboxylic acid and a HETE. It is functionally related to an icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid and an arachidonic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a 20-HETE(1-).", "20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid is a natural product found in Pseudo-nitzschia multistriata and Homo sapiens with data available."]], ["Persin", "CCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCCCCC(=O)CC(COC(=O)C)O", ["Persin is a long-chain fatty alcohol.", "Persin is a natural product found in Persea americana with data available."]], ["4-Hydroxynonenal", "CCCCCC(/C=C/C=O)O", ["4-hydroxynon-2-enal is an enal consisting of non-2-ene having an oxo group at the 1-position and a hydroxy group at the 4-position. It has a role as a human metabolite. It is a hydroxyaldehyde, an enal and a 4-hydroxynonenal.", "4-Hydroxynonenal is a uremic toxin.  Uremic toxins can be subdivided into three major groups based upon their chemical and physical characteristics: 1) small, water-soluble, non-protein-bound compounds, such as urea; 2) small, lipid-soluble and/or protein-bound compounds, such as the phenols and 3) larger so-called middle-molecules, such as beta2-microglobulin. Chronic exposure of uremic toxins can lead to a number of conditions including renal damage, chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular disease.\n4-Hydroxynonenal (HNE), one of the major end products of lipid peroxidation, has been shown to be involved in signal transduction and available evidence suggests that it can affect cell cycle events in a concentration-dependent manner. glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) can modulate the intracellular concentrations of HNE by affecting its generation during lipid peroxidation by reducing hydroperoxides and also by converting it into a glutathione conjugate. Overexpression of the Alpha class GSTs in cells leads to lower steady-state levels of HNE, and these cells acquire resistance to apoptosis induced by lipid peroxidation-causing agents such as H(2)O(2), UVA, superoxide anion, and pro-oxidant xenobiotics, suggesting that signaling for apoptosis by these agents is transduced through HNE. Cells with the capacity to exclude HNE from the intracellular environment at a faster rate are relatively more resistant to apoptosis caused by H(2)O(2), UVA, superoxide anion, and pro-oxidant xenobiotics as well as by HNE, suggesting that HNE may be a common denominator in mechanisms of apoptosis caused by oxidative stress. Transfection of adherent cells with HNE-metabolizing GSTs leads to transformation of these cells due to depletion of HNE. (A3295)."]], ["1-Palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoglycerol", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)(O)OCC(CO)O)OC(=O)CCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCC", ["1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoglycerol is a phosphatidylglycerol in which the 1- and 2-acyl groups are specified as palmitoyl and oleoyl respectively. It is functionally related to a hexadecanoic acid and an oleic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoglycerol(1-).", "Palmitoyloleoyl-phosphatidylglycerol was a component of Surfaxin, discontinued in 2017, which acted as a surfactant. The product was meant to compensate for alveolar surfactant deficiency and reduce to likelihood of alveolar collapse leading to acute respiratory collapse."]], ["Menaquinone 6", "CC1=C(C(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2C1=O)C/C=C(\\C)/CC/C=C(\\C)/CC/C=C(\\C)/CC/C=C(\\C)/CC/C=C(\\C)/CCC=C(C)C", ["Menaquinone 6 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01194778 (Comparison of Efficacy of Different Dosages Vitamin K2).", "Menaquinone 6 is a natural product found in Wolinella succinogenes with data available."]], ["N-(octadecanoyl)-sphinganine", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)N[C@@H](CO)[C@@H](CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)O", ["N-octodecanoylsphinganine is a dihydroceramide in which the ceramide N-acyl group is specified as octadecanoyl (stearoyl). It has a role as a mouse metabolite. It is a N-acylsphinganine and a N-stearoyl-sphingoid base. It is functionally related to an octadecanoic acid.", "N-(octadecanoyl)-sphinganine is a natural product found in Averrhoa bilimbi and Bos taurus with data available."]], ["Tachysterol 3", "CC1=C(C[C@H](CC1)O)/C=C/C2=CCC[C@]3([C@H]2CC[C@@H]3[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)C", ["Tachysterol 3 is a hydroxy seco-steroid that results from the photoisomerization of previtamin D3. It has a role as a human metabolite. It is a seco-cholestane, a hydroxy seco-steroid and a secondary alcohol."]], ["Barium dichloride dihydrate", "O.O.[Cl-].[Cl-].[Ba+2]", ["Barium chloride dihydrate is a hydrate that is the dihydrate form of barium chloride. It has a role as a potassium channel blocker. It is a hydrate, a barium salt and an inorganic chloride. It contains a barium chloride."]], ["Mitolactol", "C([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](CBr)O)O)O)O)Br", ["Dibromodulcitol is a white powder. Insoluble in water. (NTP, 1992)", "Mitolactol is an alcohol and an organobromine compound.", "Mitolactol has been used in trials studying the treatment of Brain and Central Nervous System Tumors.", "Mitolactol is a synthetic derivative of hexitol with antineoplastic and radiosensitizing properties.  Mitolactol alkylates DNA via actual or derived epoxide groups, resulting in inhibition of DNA and RNA synthesis. (NCI04)", "Alkylating antineoplastic toxic to bone marrow; used in breast cancer, also in combination with other drugs."]], ["Improsulfan hydrochloride", "CS(=O)(=O)OCCCNCCCOS(=O)(=O)C.Cl", ["Improsulfan Hydrochloride is an alkylsulfonate. Yoshi-864 alkylates and crosslinks DNA, thereby inhibiting DNA replication. (NCI04)"]], ["Betagan", "CC(C)(C)NC[C@@H](COC1=CC=CC2=C1CCCC2=O)O.Cl", ["Levobunolol hydrochloride is a hydrochloride obtained by combining equimolar amounts of levobunolol and hydrochloric acid. A non-selective beta-adrenergic antagonist used for treatment of glaucoma. It has a role as a beta-adrenergic antagonist and an antiglaucoma drug. It contains a levobunolol(1+).", "Levobunolol Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of levobunolol, a naphthalenone and non-cardioselective adrenergic beta-receptor antagonist with anti-glaucoma activity. Upon administration in the eye, levobunolol blocks beta-adrenergic receptors, thereby causing vasoconstriction. Levobunolol also decreases ciliary's body production of aqueous humor, leading to a decrease in aqueous humor.", "The L-Isomer of bunolol."]], ["Mercury(2+) dichloride", "[Cl-].[Cl-].[Hg+2]", ["See also: Mercuric Chloride (preferred)."]], ["Phenylephrine Hydrochloride", "CNC[C@@H](C1=CC(=CC=C1)O)O.Cl", ["Phenylephrine hydrochloride is an odorless white microcrystalline powder. Bitter taste. pH (1% aqueous solution) about 5. (NTP, 1992)", "Phenylephrine Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of phenylephrine, a direct-acting sympathomimetic amine chemically related to adrenaline and ephedrine with potent vasoconstrictor property. Phenylephrine is a post-synaptic alpha-adrenergic receptor agonist that causes vasoconstriction, increases systolic/diastolic pressures, reflex bradycardia, and stroke output.", "An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist used as a mydriatic, nasal decongestant, and cardiotonic agent."]], ["Natamycin", "C[C@@H]1C/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/[C@@H](C[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H](C[C@](O2)(C[C@H](C[C@@H]3[C@H](O3)/C=C/C(=O)O1)O)O)O)C(=O)O)O[C@H]4[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O4)C)O)N)O", ["Natamycin is a Polyene Antimicrobial.", "Natamycin is a natural product found in Streptomyces, Streptomyces lydicus, and other organisms with data available.", "Natamycin is a polyene amphoteric macrolide antibiotic with antifungal properties. Natamycin exerts its antifungal effects by binding to sterols in the fungal cell membrane thereby increasing membrane permeability. This leads to a leakage and loss of essential cellular constituents. Following ocular application, natamycin is retained in the conjunctival fornices and attains effective concentrations within the corneal stroma where it exerts its effect.", "Amphoteric macrolide antifungal antibiotic from Streptomyces natalensis or S. chattanoogensis. It is used for a variety of fungal infections, mainly topically."]], ["Dichlorostannane", "[Cl-].[Cl-].[Sn+2]", ["Tin(II) chloride (anhydrous) is an inorganic chloride that has formula Cl2Sn. It has a role as a reducing agent, a food additive and a mordant. It is a tin molecular entity and an inorganic chloride. It contains a tin(2+).", "Stannous chloride is used as a source of tin in radiopharmaceutical kits. Tin reduces technetium-99m, the active radiological agent, allowing it to form a complex with phosphate-containing moeities. These complexes localize primarily in bone (40-50%) and infracted myocardium (0.01-0.02%/g of tissue) allowing for imaging of areas of altered osteogenesis or necrotic heart tissue.", "See also: Stannous Chloride (preferred)."]], ["Acetyldigitoxin", "C[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@H](C[C@@H](O1)O[C@@H]2[C@H](O[C@H](C[C@@H]2O)O[C@@H]3[C@H](O[C@H](C[C@@H]3O)O[C@H]4CC[C@]5([C@@H](C4)CC[C@@H]6[C@@H]5CC[C@]7([C@@]6(CC[C@@H]7C8=CC(=O)OC8)O)C)C)C)C)OC(=O)C)O", ["3'''-O-acetyldigitoxin is a cardenolide glycoside compound consisting of digitoxin having an acetyl substituent at the 3-position on the D-ribo-hexopyranosyl residue at the non-reducing end. It has a role as an anti-arrhythmia drug, a cardiotonic drug and an enzyme inhibitor. It is functionally related to a digitoxin.", "Cardioactive derivative of lanatoside A or of digitoxin used for fast digitalization in congestive heart failure.", "Acetyldigitoxin is a natural product found in Digitalis grandiflora and Digitalis lanata with data available.", "Cardioactive derivatives of lanatoside A or of DIGITOXIN. They are used for fast digitalization in congestive heart failure."]], ["Betaprodine", "CCC(=O)O[C@@]1(CCN(C[C@H]1C)C)C2=CC=CC=C2", ["An opioid analgesic chemically related to and with an action resembling that of meperidine, but more rapid in onset and of shorter duration. It has been used in obstetrics, as pre-operative medication, for minor surgical procedures, and for dental procedures. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1067)"]], ["O-Formylcefamandole", "CN1C(=NN=N1)SCC2=C(N3[C@@H]([C@@H](C3=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](C4=CC=CC=C4)OC=O)SC2)C(=O)O", ["O-formylcefamandole is a cephalosporin compound having (R)-O-formylmandelamido and N-methylthiotetrazole side groups. It is used (as the sodium salt) as a progrug for cefamandole. It has a role as an antibacterial agent and a prodrug. It is a cephalosporin and a formate ester. It is functionally related to a cefamandole. It is a conjugate acid of an O-formylcefamandole(1-).", "Cefamandole Nafate is the sodium salt form of cefamandole formyl ester. Cefamandole nafate is a pro-drug that is hydrolyzed by plasma esterases to produce cefamandole, a semi-synthetic beta-lactam, second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with bactericidal activity. Cefamandole binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBP) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall. Inactivation of PBPs interferes with the cross-linkage of peptidoglycan chains necessary for bacterial cell wall strength and rigidity. This results in the weakening of the bacterial cell wall and causes cell lysis."]], ["Brisoral", "C/C=C\\C1=C(N2[C@@H]([C@@H](C2=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](C3=CC=C(C=C3)O)N)SC1)C(=O)O", ["Cefprozil Anhydrous, (Z)- is the anhydrous form of the Z-isomer of a semi-synthetic cephalosporin and a beta-lactam antibiotic with bactericidal activity. Cefprozil's effect is dependent on its binding to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located in the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane. Binding results in the inhibition of the transpeptidase enzymes, thereby preventing cross-linking of the pentaglycine bridge with the fourth residue of the pentapeptide and interrupting consequent synthesis of peptidoglycan chains. As a result, cefprozil inhibits bacterial septum and cell wall synthesis formation."]], ["Cefroxadine", "COC1=C(N2[C@@H]([C@@H](C2=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](C3=CCC=CC3)N)SC1)C(=O)O", ["Cefroxadine is a first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having methoxy and [(2R)-2-amino-2-(cyclohexa-1,4-dien-1-yl)acetyl]amino side groups located at positions 3 and 7 respectively.", "Cefroxadine is an orally available cephalosporin antibiotic. As part of its drug class, it shares structural properties to [cefalexin] as well as its activity spectrum. It was used in Italy but has since been withdrawn.", "Cefroxadine is a semisynthetic first-generation cephalosporin with antibacterial activity. Cefroxadine binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall. PBPs are enzymes involved in the terminal stages of assembling the bacterial cell wall and in reshaping the cell wall during growth and division. Inactivation of PBPs interferes with the cross-linkage of peptidoglycan chains necessary for bacterial cell wall strength and rigidity. This results in the weakening of the bacterial cell wall and causes cell lysis."]], ["Chlormadinone", "CC(=O)[C@]1(CC[C@@H]2[C@@]1(CC[C@H]3[C@H]2C=C(C4=CC(=O)CC[C@]34C)Cl)C)O", ["An orally active synthetic progestational hormone used often in combinations as an oral contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVES, ORAL)."]], ["Dorzolamide", "CCN[C@H]1C[C@@H](S(=O)(=O)C2=C1C=C(S2)S(=O)(=O)N)C", ["Dorzolamide is 5,6-Dihydro-4H-thieno[2,3-b]thiopyran-2-sulfonamide 7,7-dioxide in which hydrogens at the 4 and 6 positions are substituted by ethylamino and methyl groups, respectively (4S, trans-configuration). A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, it is used as the hydrochloride in ophthalmic solutions to lower increased intraocular pressure in the treatment of open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension. It has a role as an EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor, an antihypertensive agent and an antiglaucoma drug. It is a sulfonamide and a member of thiophenes.", "Dorzolamide is a non-bacteriostatic sulfonamide derivative and topical carbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibitor that treats elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) associated with open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension. It works by blocking an enzyme in the ciliary process that regulates ion balance and fluid pressure in the eyes. Unlike oral CA inhibitors, dorzolamide has negligible effects of acid-base or electrolyte disturbances and other systemic adverse effects. First marketed in 1995, dorzolamide is available in ophthalmic solutions as monotherapy marketed as Trusopt or in combination with [timolol] as Cosopt PF.", "Dorzolamide is a Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor. The mechanism of action of dorzolamide is as a Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor.", "Dorzolamide is an inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase, a zinc-containing enzyme that catalyzes the rapid conversion of carbon dioxide and water into carbonic acid, protons and bicarbonate ions.  Distributed throughout many cells and tissues, various carbonic anhydrases play important roles in mineral and metabolic homeostasis. (NCI04)"]], ["Doxacurii chloridum", "C[N@+]1(CCC2=CC(=C(C(=C2[C@H]1CC3=CC(=C(C(=C3)OC)OC)OC)OC)OC)OC)CCCOC(=O)CCC(=O)OCCC[N@+]4(CCC5=CC(=C(C(=C5[C@@H]4CC6=CC(=C(C(=C6)OC)OC)OC)OC)OC)OC)C.[Cl-].[Cl-]", ["Meso-doxacurium chloride is the dichloride salt of meso-doxacurium. It is a chloride salt, a quaternary ammonium salt and a diester."]], ["Erythrityl tetranitrate", "C([C@H]([C@H](CO[N+](=O)[O-])O[N+](=O)[O-])O[N+](=O)[O-])O[N+](=O)[O-]", ["Erythrityl tetranitrate is erythritol in which each of the hydroxy groups has been converted to the corresponding nitrate ester. It is a vasodilator with properties similar to nitroglycerin. It is usually used diluted with lactose or other suitable inert excipients, in order to minimise the risk of explosion; undiluted erythrityl tetranitrate can be exploded by percussion or excessive heat. It has a role as a vasodilator agent and an explosive. It is functionally related to an erythritol.", "A vasodilator with general properties similar to nitroglycerin. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1020)", "A vasodilator with general properties similar to NITROGLYCERIN. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1020)"]], ["Estropipate", "C[C@]12CC[C@H]3[C@H]([C@@H]1CCC2=O)CCC4=C3C=CC(=C4)OS(=O)(=O)O.C1CNCCN1", ["Estropipate is a steroid sulfate and a piperazinium salt. It is functionally related to an estrone.", "Estropipate is a natural estrogenic substance composed of estrone sulfate and piperazine. Estropipate diffuses through the cell membrane and binds to and subsequently activates the nuclear estrogen receptor found in the reproductive tract, breast, pituitary, hypothalamus, liver, and bone. The activated complex binds to the estrogen response element on the DNA and activates the transcription of genes involved in the functioning of the female reproductive system and secondary sex characteristics."]], ["(8aR,9R)-9-[4-hydroxy-3,5-bis(methyloxy)phenyl]-8-oxo-5,5a,6,8,8a,9-hexahydrofuro[3',4':6,7]naphtho[2,3-d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl 4,6-O-[(1R)-ethylidene]-beta-D-glucopyranoside", "C[C@@H]1OC[C@@H]2[C@@H](O1)[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O2)OC3C4COC(=O)[C@@H]4[C@@H](C5=CC6=C(C=C35)OCO6)C7=CC(=C(C(=C7)OC)O)OC)O)O", ["(8aR,9R)-5-[[(2R,4aR,6R,7R,8R,8aS)-7,8-dihydroxy-2-methyl-4,4a,6,7,8,8a-hexahydropyrano[3,2-d][1,3]dioxin-6-yl]oxy]-9-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-5a,6,8a,9-tetrahydro-5H-isobenzofuro[6,5-f][1,3]benzodioxol-8-one is a furonaphthodioxole."]], ["Hydroxystilbamidine", "C1=CC(=CC=C1/C=C/C2=C(C=C(C=C2)C(=N)N)O)C(=N)N", ["Hydroxystilbamidine is a stilbenoid.", "Hydroxystilbamidine isethionate is used in the therapy of some patients with nonprogressive blastomycosis of the skin, and pulmonary or systemic blastomycosis in children, with fewer side effects than amphotericin B. Hydroxystilbamidine isethionate is also used in pathology for diagnostic purposes.", "Hydroxystilbamidine is a cationic dye with antifungal, antitrypanosomal, antimalarial, and carcinostatic activities. Hydroxystilbamidine is able to bind to DNA and RNA in a non-intercalating manner, and is a powerful inhibitor of ribonucleases, thereby impeding cellular processes in protozoa. This agent was also shown to bind to and stablize trypanosomal lysosomes. Hydroxystilbamidine is commonly used as a diagnostic agent in neuroanatomy and as a histochemical stain."]], ["4-(acetyloxy)-6-((3,6-dideoxy-4-O-(2,6-dideoxy-3-C-methyl-4-O-(3-methyl-1-oxobutyl)-alpha-L-ribo-hexopyranosyl)-3-(dimethylamino)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)oxy)-10-hydroxy-5-methoxy-9,16-dimethyl-2-oxooxacyclohexadeca-11,13-diene-7-acetaldehyde", "C[C@@H]1C/C=C/C=C/[C@@H]([C@@H](C[C@@H]([C@@H](C([C@@H](CC(=O)O1)OC(=O)C)OC)O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O2)C)O[C@H]3C[C@@]([C@@H]([C@@H](O3)C)OC(=O)CC(C)C)(C)O)N(C)C)O)CC=O)C)O", ["A macrolide antibiotic from Streptomyces narbonensis. The drug has antimicrobial activity against a wide spectrum of pathogens."]], ["Levetiracetam", "CC[C@@H](C(=O)N)N1CCCC1=O", ["Levetiracetam is a pyrrolidinone and carboxamide that is N-methylpyrrolidin-2-one in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by an aminocarbonyl group, while another is replaced by an ethyl group (the S enantiomer). An anticonvulsant, it is used for the treatment of epilepsy in both human and veterinary medicine. It has a role as an anticonvulsant, an environmental contaminant and a xenobiotic.", "Levetiracetam is a drug within the pyrrolidine class that is used to treat various types of seizures stemming from epileptic disorders. It was first approved for use in the United States in 1999 and is structurally and mechanistically unrelated to other anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs). Levetiracetam possesses a wide therapeutic index and little-to-no potential to produce, or be subject to, pharmacokinetic interactions - these characteristics make it a desirable choice over other AEDs, a class of drugs notorious for having generally narrow therapeutic indexes and a propensity for involvement in drug interactions.", "The physiologic effect of levetiracetam is by means of Decreased Central Nervous System Disorganized Electrical Activity.", "Levetiracetam is a relatively unique anticonvulsant that is typically used in combination with other antiepileptic medications for partial onset seizures. Levetiracetam has been linked to rare instances of serum aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase elevations during treatment and to rare cases of clinically apparent drug induced liver disease.", "Levetiracetam is a pyrrolidine with antiepileptic activity. The exact mechanism through which levetiracetam exerts its effects is unknown but does not involve inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmitter activity. Stereoselective binding of levetiracetam was confined to synaptic plasma membranes in the central nervous system with no binding occurring in peripheral tissue. Levetiracetam inhibits burst firing without affecting normal neuronal excitability, which suggests that it may selectively prevent hyper-synchronization of epileptiform burst firing and propagation of seizure activity.", "A pyrrolidinone and acetamide derivative that is used primarily for the treatment of SEIZURES and some movement disorders, and as a nootropic agent."]], ["Loracarbef monohydrate", "C1CC(=C(N2[C@H]1[C@@H](C2=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](C3=CC=CC=C3)N)C(=O)O)Cl.O", ["Loracarbef is a semi-synthetic, broad-spectrum, beta-lactamase resistant, second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic derived from cephasporium. The bactericidal activity of loracarbef results from the inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis through interference with the cross-linking of peptidoglycan units. This results in a reduction of cell wall stability and causes cell lysis. Loracarbef is more active against a variety of gram-negative organisms but less active against gram-positive pathogens compared to first-generation agents."]], ["Loracarbef", "C1CC(=C(N2[C@H]1[C@@H](C2=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](C3=CC=CC=C3)N)C(=O)O)Cl", ["Loracarbef is a synthetic \"carba\" analogue of cefaclor, with carbon replacing sulfur at position 1. Used to treat a wide range of infections caused by both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. It has a role as an antibacterial drug and an antimicrobial agent. It is a conjugate acid of a loracarbef anion. It is a tautomer of a loracarbef zwitterion.", "Loracarbef is a carbacephem antibiotic sometimes grouped together with the second-generation cephalosporin antibiotics. It is marketed under the trade name Lorabid.", "Loracarbef anhydrous is a Cephalosporin Antibacterial.", "Loracarbef Anhydrous is an anhydrous form of loracarbef, a semi-synthetic, broad-spectrum, beta-lactamase resistant, second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic derived from cephasporium."]], ["Nalorphine", "C=CCN1CC[C@]23[C@@H]4[C@H]1CC5=C2C(=C(C=C5)O)O[C@H]3[C@H](C=C4)O", ["Nalorphine is a morphinane alkaloid.", "Nalorphine is a mixed opioid agonist\u2013antagonist. It acts at two opioid receptors\u2014at the mu receptor it has antagonistic effects, and at the kappa receptors it exerts high-efficacy agonistic characteristics. It is used to reverse opioid overdose and (starting in the 1950s) in a challenge test to determine opioid dependence.", "Nalorphine is a natural product found in Papaver somniferum with data available.", "A narcotic antagonist with some agonist properties. It is an antagonist at mu opioid receptors and an agonist at kappa opioid receptors. Given alone it produces a broad spectrum of unpleasant effects and it is considered to be clinically obsolete."]], ["Normethandrone", "C[C@]12CC[C@H]3[C@H]([C@@H]1CC[C@]2(C)O)CCC4=CC(=O)CC[C@H]34", ["Normethandrolone is a steroid. It has a role as an estrogen."]], ["(3S,5R,6S,7R,8R,11R,12S,13R,14S,15S)-6-hydroxy-5,7,8,11,13,15-hexamethyl-4,10-dioxo-14-{[3,4,6-trideoxy-3-(dimethylamino)-beta-D-xylo-hexopyranosyl]oxy}-1,9-dioxaspiro[2.13]hexadec-12-yl 2,6-dideoxy-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-arabino-hexopyranoside", "C[C@@H]1C[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O1)O[C@H]2[C@H](C[C@]3(CO3)C(=O)[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@H](OC(=O)[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]2C)O[C@H]4C[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O4)C)O)OC)C)C)C)O)C)C)O)N(C)C", ["Oleandomycin is a macrolide antibiotic similar to erythromycin with antimicrobial activity. Oleandomycin targets and reversibly binds to the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. This prevents translocation of peptidyl tRNA leading to an inhibition of protein synthesis.", "Antibiotic macrolide produced by Streptomyces antibioticus."]], ["Prednisolone valerate acetate", "CCCCC(=O)O[C@@]1(CC[C@@H]2[C@@]1(C[C@@H]([C@H]3[C@H]2CCC4=CC(=O)C=C[C@]34C)O)C)C(=O)COC(=O)C", ["Prednisolone valerate acetate is a corticosteroid hormone."]], ["Trospium", "C1CC[N+]2(C1)[C@@H]3CC[C@H]2CC(C3)OC(=O)C(C4=CC=CC=C4)(C5=CC=CC=C5)O", ["Trospium is a carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of hydroxy(diphenyl)acetic acid with the hydroxy group of (1S,3R,5R)-3-hydroxy-8lambda(5)-azaspiro[bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8,1'-pyrrolidin]-8-ylium. Its chloride salt is used to treat overactive bladder. It has a role as a muscarinic antagonist and an antispasmodic drug. It is a carboxylic ester, an azabicycloalkane, a tertiary alcohol and a quaternary ammonium ion.", "Trospium is an antispasmodic agent used to treat the symptoms of overactive bladder, a condition that causes the bladder muscles to contract uncontrollably. An overactive bladder leads to an increased urge to urinate, frequent urination, and sometimes, loss of control over urination.  Trospium is manufactured by Indevus Pharmaceutical Inc. and was granted FDA approval in 2007.", "Trospium is a Cholinergic Muscarinic Antagonist. The mechanism of action of trospium is as a Cholinergic Muscarinic Antagonist.", "Trospium is an antispasmotic and anticholinergic agent used to treat urinary incontinence and overactive bladder syndrome. Trospium has not been implicated in causing liver enzyme elevations or clinically apparent acute liver injury."]], ["Vinbarbital", "CC/C=C(\\C)/C1(C(=O)NC(=O)NC1=O)CC", ["Vinbarbital is a member of barbiturates."]], ["4-Aminotetrahydrobiopterin", "C[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]1CNC2=NC(=NC(=C2N1)N)N)O)O", ["Ronopterin has been used in trials studying the treatment of Traumatic Brain Injury."]], ["Irosustat", "C1CCC2=C(CC1)C(=O)OC3=C2C=CC(=C3)OS(=O)(=O)N", ["Irosustat has been investigated for the treatment of Metastatic Breast Cancer and Locally Advanced Breast Cancer.", "Irosustat is steroid sulfatase inhibitor BN 83495 selectively binds to and inhibits steroid sulfatase (STS), which may inhibit the production of locally active estrogens and so inhibit estrogen-dependent cell growth in tumor cells, such as those of the breast, ovary, and endometrium. STS is a cytoplasmic enzyme responsible for the conversion of circulating inactive estrone sulfate and estradiol sulfate to biologically active unconjugated estrone and estradiol, respectively."]], ["Menaquinone-7", "CC1=C(C(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2C1=O)C/C=C(\\C)/CC/C=C(\\C)/CC/C=C(\\C)/CC/C=C(\\C)/CC/C=C(\\C)/CC/C=C(\\C)/CCC=C(C)C", ["Menaquinone-7 is a menaquinone whose side-chain contains seven isoprene units in an all-trans-configutation. It has a role as a Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite, a bone density conservation agent, an Escherichia coli metabolite, a human blood serum metabolite and a cofactor.", "Menaquinone 7 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT00402974 (The Effect of Vitamin K Supplementation on Osteocalcin Carboxylation in Healthy Children).", "Menaquinone-7 is a natural product found in Brevibacillus brevis with data available."]], ["7-(3,5-Ditert-butylphenyl)-3-methylocta-2,4,6-trienoic acid", "C/C(=C\\C(=O)O)/C=C/C=C(\\C)/C1=CC(=CC(=C1)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C", ["LGD-1550 is an orally-active synthetic aromatic retinoic acid agent with potential antineoplastic and chemopreventive activities."]], ["Alvocidib", "CN1CC[C@@H]([C@@H](C1)O)C2=C(C=C(C3=C2OC(=CC3=O)C4=CC=CC=C4Cl)O)O", ["Alvocidib is a synthetic dihydroxyflavone that is 5,7-dihydroxyflavone which is substituted by a 3-hydroxy-1-methylpiperidin-4-yl group at position 8 and by a chlorine at the 2' position (the (-)-3S,4R stereoisomer). A cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) inhibitor, it has been studied for the treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia, arthritis and atherosclerotic plaque formation. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent, an EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor, an antirheumatic drug and an apoptosis inducer. It is a dihydroxyflavone, a hydroxypiperidine, a member of monochlorobenzenes and a tertiary amino compound. It is a conjugate base of an alvocidib(1+).", "Alvocidib is a synthetic flavonoid based on an extract from an Indian plant for the potential treatment of cancer. It works by inhibiting cyclin-dependent kinases, arresting cell division and causing apoptosis in non-small lung cancer cells.", "Alvocidib is the free base form of a synthetic N-methylpiperidinyl chlorophenyl flavone compound. As an inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinase, alvocidib induces cell cycle arrest by preventing phosphorylation of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and by down-regulating cyclin D1 and D3 expression, resulting in G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. This agent is also a competitive inhibitor of adenosine triphosphate activity."]], ["Seocalcitol", "CCC(CC)(/C=C/C=C/[C@@H](C)[C@H]1CC[C@@H]\\2[C@@]1(CCC/C2=C\\C=C/3\\C[C@H](C[C@@H](C3=C)O)O)C)O", ["Seocalcitol is a vitamin D3 analogue with potential antineoplastic activity. Seocalcitol binds to and activates the vitamin D receptor, a cytoplasmic polypeptide expressed in normal vitamin D responsive tissues, but also overexpressed in certain cancers including hepatocellular carcinoma and pancreatic cancer. Mediated through vitamin D receptor, this agent induces cancer cell differentiation, inhibits cancer cell growth and induces apoptosis. In addition, seocalcitol may also induce growth arrest and apoptosis independent of vitamin D receptor activation through mechanisms that are not fully elucidated."]], ["Topiroxostat", "C1=CN=CC=C1C2=NC(=NN2)C3=CC(=NC=C3)C#N", ["Topiroxostat is a selective xanthine oxidase inhibitor developed for treatment and management of hyperuricemia and gout. Xanthine oxidase, or xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR), regulates purine metabolism, and inhibition of the enzyme results in efficacious reduction of serum urate levels. Xanthine oxidase inhibitors are classified into two groups; purine analogs such as [DB00437] and [DB05262], and non-purine agents which includes topiroxostat. While [DB00437] is considered a first-line therapy in treating hyperuricemic conditions, it is often associated with side effects and ineffective in reducing uric acid levels under recommended dosing regimens. Renal complications are major comorbidities that limit the [DB00437] therapy as dose reductions are recommended. Topiroxostat and its metabolites are shown to be unaffected by renal complications, thus may be effective in patients with chronic kidney diseases. Approved for therapeutic use in Japan since 2013, topiroxostat is marketed under the name Topiloric and Uriadec and is orally administered twice daily."]], ["5-Amino-4-oxo-1,2,4,5,6,7-hexahydro-azepino[3,2,1-HI]indole-2-carboxylic acid", "C1CC2=C3C(=CC=C2)C[C@H](N3C(=O)[C@H]1N)C(=O)O", ["(2S,5S)-5-amino-4-oxo-1,2,4,5,6,7-hexahydroazepino[3,2,1-hi]indole-2-carboxylic acid is a non-proteinogenic amino acid derivative consisting of L-proline ortho- and peri-fused on to (3S)-3-amino-1,3,4,5-tetrahydro-2H-1-benzazepin-2-one. It is functionally related to a L-proline."]], ["Alvespimycin", "C[C@H]1C[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](/C=C(/[C@@H]([C@H](/C=C\\C=C(\\C(=O)NC2=CC(=O)C(=C(C1)C2=O)NCCN(C)C)/C)OC)OC(=O)N)\\C)C)O)OC", ["Alvespimycin is a 19-membered macrocyle that is geldanamycin in which the methoxy group attached to the benzoquinone moiety has been replaced by a 2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethylamino group. It has a role as a Hsp90 inhibitor. It is a secondary amino compound, a tertiary amino compound, an ansamycin, a member of 1,4-benzoquinones and a carbamate ester. It is functionally related to a geldanamycin.", "Alvespimycin is a derivative of geldanamycin and heat shock protein (HSP) 90 inhibitor. It has been used in trials studying the treatment of solid tumor in various cancer as an antitumor agent. In comparison to the first HSP90 inhibitor tanespimycin, it exhibits some pharmacologically desirable properties such as reduced metabolic liability, lower plasma protein binding, increased water solubility, higher oral bioavailability, reduced hepatotoxicity and superior antitumor activity.", "Alvespimycin is a natural product found in Trichosanthes kirilowii and Cullen corylifolium with data available.", "Alvespimycin is an analogue of the antineoplastic benzoquinone antibiotic geldanamycin. Alvespimycin binds to HSP90, a chaperone protein that aids in the assembly, maturation and folding of proteins. Subsequently, the function of Hsp90 is inhibited, leading to the degradation and depletion of its client proteins such as kinases and transcription factors involved with cell cycle regulation and signal transduction."]], ["Lobeline, (+)-", "CN1[C@H](CCC[C@H]1CC(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2)C[C@H](C3=CC=CC=C3)O", ["Lobeline, (+)- is a natural product found in Lobelia inflata, Lobelia siphilitica, and Hippobroma longiflora with data available.", "An alkaloid that has actions similar to NICOTINE on nicotinic cholinergic receptors but is less potent. It has been proposed for a variety of therapeutic uses including in respiratory disorders, peripheral vascular disorders, insomnia, and smoking cessation."]], ["(L-Seryl)adenylate", "C1=NC(=C2C(=N1)N(C=N2)[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O3)COP(=O)(O)OC(=O)[C@H](CO)N)O)O)N", ["L-seryl-AMP is a purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate that is adenosine 5'-monophosphate in which one of the hydroxy groups of the phosphate has been condensed with the carboxylic acid group of L-serine. It is a purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate and a L-serine derivative. It is functionally related to an adenosine 5'-monophosphate. It is a conjugate acid of a L-seryl-AMP(1-).", "L-Seryl-AMP is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655)."]], ["Becocalcidiol", "CC[C@H](C)[C@H]1CC[C@@H]\\2[C@@]1(CCC/C2=C\\C=C3C[C@H](C(=C)[C@@H](C3)O)O)C", ["Becocalcidiol is a vitamin D(3) analogue which has not caused hypercalcaemia or significant irritation in preclinical trials."]], ["Eloxatine", "C1CC[C@H]([C@@H](C1)N)N.C(=O)(C(=O)O)O.[Pt]", ["An organoplatinum complex in which the platinum atom is complexed with 1,2-diaminocyclohexane, and with an oxalate ligand which is displaced to yield active oxaliplatin derivatives. These derivatives form inter- and intra-strand DNA crosslinks that inhibit DNA replication and transcription. Oxaliplatin is an antineoplastic agent that is often administered with FLUOROURACIL and FOLINIC ACID in the treatment of metastatic COLORECTAL NEOPLASMS."]], ["Rivanicline", "CNCC/C=C/C1=CN=CC=C1", ["Rivanicline (TC-2403, RJR-2403, (E)-metanicotine) is a partial agonist at neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, binding primarily to the \u03b14\u03b22 subtype. It was originally developed as a potential treatment for Alzheimer's disease for its nootropic effects but has also been found to inhibit the production of Interleukin-8. It has subsequently been developed as a potential anti-inflammatory treatment for ulcerative colitis. Rivanicline also has stimulant and analgesic actions which are thought due to increased noradrenaline release.", "Rivanicline is a natural product found in Duboisia hopwoodii with data available."]], ["3-(2,4-Dimethoxybenzylidene)anabaseine", "COC1=CC(=C(C=C1)/C=C/2\\CCCN=C2C3=CN=CC=C3)OC", ["DMXB-A is a dimethoxybenzene.", "GTS-21 (also known as DMBX-A), is a novel, small-molecule, orally active and selective alpha-7 nicotinic acetylcholine (nACh) receptor agonist that has demonstrated memory and cognition enhancement activity in human clinical trials. Athenagen licensed the exclusive rights to the compound and a related library of analogs as part of the acquisition of Osprey Pharmaceutical Company in April 2006. GTS-21 has been studied in multiple Phase I studies in healthy volunteers and one Phase I/II study in schizophrenic patients. In all studies, the compound was well tolerated. In a Phase I multi-dose, double-blind, placebo controlled study in healthy adults, GTS-21 also demonstrated cognitive enhancement across all doses, with a statistically significant improvement in attention related and memory related tasks (Kitagawa, et al. Neuropsychopharmacology (2003), 28, 542-551)."]], ["Alclometasone", "C[C@@H]1C[C@H]2[C@@H]3[C@@H](CC4=CC(=O)C=C[C@@]4([C@H]3[C@H](C[C@@]2([C@]1(C(=O)CO)O)C)O)C)Cl", ["Alclometasone is a prednisolone compound having an alpha-chloro substituent at the 7-position and an alpha-methyl substituent at the 16-position. It has a role as an anti-inflammatory drug and an antipruritic drug. It is a 20-oxo steroid, a 17alpha-hydroxy steroid, a 21-hydroxy steroid, an 11beta-hydroxy steroid, a glucocorticoid, a 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid, a chlorinated steroid, a primary alpha-hydroxy ketone and a tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone. It is functionally related to a prednisolone.", "Alclometasone is synthetic glucocorticoid steroid for topical use in dermatology as anti-inflammatory, antipruritic, antiallergic, antiproliferative and vasoconstrictive agent.", "Alclometasone is a Corticosteroid. The mechanism of action of alclometasone is as a Corticosteroid Hormone Receptor Agonist."]], ["Benzphetamine", "C[C@@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)N(C)CC2=CC=CC=C2", ["Benzphetamine is dextroamphetamine in which the the hydrogens attached to the amino group are substituted by a methyl and a benzyl group. A sympathomimetic agent with properties similar to dextroamphetamine, it is used as its hydrochloride salt in the treatment of obesity. It has a role as a sympathomimetic agent, a dopamine uptake inhibitor, an appetite depressant and an adrenergic uptake inhibitor. It is a tertiary amine and a member of amphetamines.", "A sympathomimetic agent with properties similar to dextroamphetamine. It is used in the treatment of obesity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1222)", "Benzphetamine is a Sympathomimetic Amine Anorectic. The physiologic effect of benzphetamine is by means of Appetite Suppression, and Increased Sympathetic Activity.", "Benzphetamine is a sympathomimetic amine related to the synthetic agent amphetamine with central nervous system (CNS) stimulating and anorexic properties. Benzphetamine stimulates the release of certain catecholamines, particularly noradrenaline and dopamine, from nerve terminals in the brain and inhibits their uptake. The increase in synaptic concentrations of these catecholamines causes behavioral changes including euphoria, an increase in mental alertness and excitement, and suppresses appetite.", "A sympathomimetic agent with properties similar to dextroamphetamine. It is used in the treatment of obesity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1222)", "A sympathomimetic agent with properties similar to DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. It is used in the treatment of obesity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1222)"]], ["Clocortolone", "C[C@@H]1C[C@H]2[C@@H]3C[C@@H](C4=CC(=O)C=C[C@@]4([C@]3([C@H](C[C@@]2([C@H]1C(=O)CO)C)O)Cl)C)F", ["Clocortolone is 16alpha-Methylpregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione bearing hydroxy substituents at the 11beta and 21 positions, fluorine at position 6 and chlorine at position 9. A medium potency corticosteroid, it is used as its 21-O-pivalate or caproate ester for the relief of inflammatory and pruritic (itching) skin disorders. It has a role as an anti-inflammatory drug and an antipruritic drug. It is a glucocorticoid, an 11beta-hydroxy steroid, a 21-hydroxy steroid, a 20-oxo steroid, a fluorinated steroid, a 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid, a chlorinated steroid and a primary alpha-hydroxy ketone.", "Clocortolone is a medium potency corticosteroid that is often used as a topical cream for the relief of inflammatory oand pruritic (itching) arising from steroid-responsive dermatoses of the scalp.", "Clocortolone is a Corticosteroid. The mechanism of action of clocortolone is as a Corticosteroid Hormone Receptor Agonist."]], ["Desoximetasone", "C[C@@H]1C[C@H]2[C@@H]3CCC4=CC(=O)C=C[C@@]4([C@]3([C@H](C[C@@]2([C@H]1C(=O)CO)C)O)F)C", ["Desoximetasone is dexamethasone in which the hydroxy group at the 17alpha position is substituted by hydrogen. A synthetic corticosteroid with glucocorticoid activity, it is used as an anti-inflammatory and anti-pruritic in the treatment of various skin disorders, including skin allergies and psoriasis. It has a role as an anti-inflammatory drug and an antipruritic drug. It is an 11beta-hydroxy steroid, a 21-hydroxy steroid, a glucocorticoid, a 20-oxo steroid, a fluorinated steroid, a 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid and a primary alpha-hydroxy ketone.", "A topical anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid used in dermatoses, skin allergies, psoriasis, etc.", "Desoximetasone is a Corticosteroid. The mechanism of action of desoximetasone is as a Corticosteroid Hormone Receptor Agonist.", "Desoximetasone is a synthetic glucocorticoid receptor agonist with metabolic, anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive activity. Desoximetasone activates specific intracellular receptors, which bind to distinct sites on DNA to modify gene transcription. This results in an induction of the synthesis of anti-inflammatory proteins and suppression of the synthesis of inflammatory mediators. This leads to an overall reduction in chronic inflammation and autoimmune reactions. Desoximetasone is indicated for the relief of the inflammatory and pruritic manifestations of corticosteroid-responsive dermatoses.", "A topical anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid used in DERMATOSES, skin allergies, PSORIASIS, etc."]], ["(6aS,12bR)-5,6,6a,7,8,12b-hexahydrobenzo[a]phenanthridine-10,11-diol", "C1CC2=CC(=C(C=C2[C@H]3[C@H]1NCC4=CC=CC=C34)O)O", ["Dihydrexidine has been used in trials studying the treatment of SPD, Cocaine-Related Disorders, and Schizotypal Personality Disorder."]], ["Fluticasone", "C[C@@H]1C[C@H]2[C@@H]3C[C@@H](C4=CC(=O)C=C[C@@]4([C@]3([C@H](C[C@@]2([C@]1(C(=O)SCF)O)C)O)F)C)F", ["Fluticasone is a trifluorinated corticosteroid used in the form of its propionate ester for treatment of allergic rhinitis. It has a role as an anti-allergic agent and an anti-asthmatic drug. It is an 11beta-hydroxy steroid, a 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid, a corticosteroid, a fluorinated steroid, a 17alpha-hydroxy steroid and a thioester. It derives from a hydride of an androstane.", "Fluticasone is a synthetic glucocorticoid available as 2 esters, [DB08906] and [DB00588]. These drugs are available as inhalers, nasal, sprays, and topical treatments for various inflammatory indications. [DB00588] was first approved in 1990 and [DB08906] was approved in 2007.", "Fluticasone is a Corticosteroid. The mechanism of action of fluticasone is as a Corticosteroid Hormone Receptor Agonist.", "Fluticasone is a synthetic trifluorinated glucocorticoid receptor agonist with antiallergic, antiinflammatory and antipruritic effects. Fluticasone binds and activates glucocorticoid receptor, resulting in the activation of lipocortin. Lipocortin, in turn, inhibits cytosolic phospholipase A2, which triggers a cascade of reactions involved in the synthesis of inflammatory mediators, such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes. Secondly, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphatase 1 is induced, thereby leads to dephosphorylation and inactivation of Jun N-terminal kinase directly inhibiting c-Jun mediated transcription. Finally, transcriptional activity of nuclear factor (NF)-kappa-B is blocked, thereby inhibits the transcription of cyclooxygenase 2, which is essential for prostaglandin production.", "A STEROID with GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTOR activity that is used to manage the symptoms of ASTHMA; ALLERGIC RHINITIS, and ATOPIC DERMATITIS."]], ["Halobetasol", "C[C@H]1C[C@H]2[C@@H]3C[C@@H](C4=CC(=O)C=C[C@@]4([C@]3([C@H](C[C@@]2([C@]1(C(=O)CCl)O)C)O)F)C)F", ["Ulobetasol is a highly potent corticosteroid. It is structurally related to [clobetasol]. Due to its high potency, it is mainly prescribed in the treatment of severe plaque psoriasis and corticosteroid responsive dermatoses.  Ulobetasol was granted FDA approval on 17 December 1990.", "Halobetasol is a Corticosteroid. The mechanism of action of halobetasol is as a Corticosteroid Hormone Receptor Agonist.", "Halobetasol is a synthetic corticosteroid with anti-inflammatory, antipruritic, and vasoconstrictor activities. Halobetasol, a topical steroid, diffuses across cell membranes to interact with cytoplasmic corticosteroid receptors located in both the dermal and intradermal cells, thereby activating gene expression of anti-inflammatory proteins mediated via the corticosteroid receptor response element. Specifically, this agent induces phospholipase A2 inhibitory proteins, which inhibit the release of arachidonic acid, thereby inhibiting the biosynthesis of potent mediators of inflammation, such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes. As a result, halobetasol reduces edema, erythema, and pruritus through its cutaneous effects on vascular dilation and permeability."]], ["Magnesium trisilicate", "[O-][Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])([O-])O[Si](=O)[O-].[Mg+2].[Mg+2]", ["Magnesium trisilicate is an inorganic compound that is used as an antacid in the treatment of peptic ulcers."]], ["Volinanserin", "COC1=CC=CC(=C1OC)[C@@H](C2CCN(CC2)CCC3=CC=C(C=C3)F)O", ["Volinanserin is under investigation in clinical trial NCT00464243 (Efficacy and Safety of Volinanserin on Sleep Maintenance Insomnia - Polysomnographic Study)."]], ["Cytochalasin B", "C[C@@H]1CCC[C@H](/C=C/C(=O)O[C@]23[C@@H](/C=C/C1)[C@@H](C(=C)[C@H]([C@H]2[C@@H](NC3=O)CC4=CC=CC=C4)C)O)O", ["Cytochalasin B is an organic heterotricyclic compound, that is a mycotoxin which is cell permeable an an inhibitor of cytoplasmic division by blocking the formation of contractile microfilaments. It has a role as a metabolite, a platelet aggregation inhibitor, a mycotoxin and an actin polymerisation inhibitor. It is a cytochalasin, an organic heterotricyclic compound, a lactam and a lactone.", "Cytochalasin B is a natural product found in Phoma, Sonchus mauritanicus, and other organisms with data available.", "A cytotoxic member of the CYTOCHALASINS."]], ["Nateglinide", "CC(C)C1CCC(CC1)C(=O)N[C@H](CC2=CC=CC=C2)C(=O)O", ["Nateglinide is an N-acyl-D-phenylalanine resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of D-phenylalanine with the carboxy group of trans-4-isopropylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid. An orally-administered, rapidly-absorbed, short-acting insulinotropic agent, it is used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. It has a role as an EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor and a hypoglycemic agent.", "Nateglinide is an oral antihyperglycemic agent used for the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). It belongs to the meglitinide class of short-acting insulin secretagogues, which act by binding to \u03b2 cells of the pancreas to stimulate insulin release. Nateglinide is an amino acid derivative that induces an early insulin response to meals decreasing postprandial blood glucose levels. It should only be taken with meals and meal-time doses should be skipped with any skipped meal. Approximately one month of therapy is required before a decrease in fasting blood glucose is seen. Meglitnides may have a neutral effect on weight or cause a slight increase in weight. The average weight gain caused by meglitinides appears to be lower than that caused by sulfonylureas and insulin and appears to occur only in those na\u00efve to oral antidiabetic agents. Due to their mechanism of action, meglitinides may cause hypoglycemia although the risk is thought to be lower than that of sulfonylureas since their action is dependent on the presence of glucose. In addition to reducing postprandial and fasting blood glucose, meglitnides have been shown to decrease glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, which are reflective of the last 8-10 weeks of glucose control. Meglitinides appear to be more effective at lowering postprandial blood glucose than metformin, sulfonylureas and thiazolidinediones. Nateglinide is extensively metabolized in the liver and excreted in urine (83%) and feces (10%). The major metabolites possess less activity than the parent compound. One minor metabolite, the isoprene, has the same potency as its parent compound.", "Nateglinide is a Glinide. The mechanism of action of nateglinide is as a Potassium Channel Antagonist.", "Nateglinide is an oral hypoglycemic agent and amino acid derivative that stimulates insulin secretion from the pancreas and is used in the therapy of type 2 diabetes. Nateglinide has been linked to rare instances of clinically apparent acute liver injury.", "Nateglinide is a phenylalanine derivative of the meglitinide class of agents with hypoglycemic activity. Nateglinide, compared to repaglitinide, binds with a higher affinity to the SUR1 subunit and with a faster onset of action and a shorter duration of action. This agent is metabolized by the cytochrome P450 isoenzyme CYP2C9, and, to a lesser extent, by CYP3A4. The parent drug and metabolites are mainly excreted in the urine and its half-life is about 1.5 hours.", "A phenylalanine and cyclohexane derivative that acts as a hypoglycemic agent by stimulating the release of insulin from the pancreas. It is used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES."]], ["Rapacuronium", "CCC(=O)O[C@H]1[C@H](C[C@@H]2[C@@]1(CC[C@H]3[C@H]2CC[C@@H]4[C@@]3(C[C@@H]([C@H](C4)OC(=O)C)N5CCCCC5)C)C)[N+]6(CCCCC6)CC=C", ["Rapacuronium is a steroid ester.", "Rapacuronium was withdrawn in 2001 in many countries due to risk of fatal bronchospasm."]], ["Spirapril", "CCOC(=O)[C@H](CCC1=CC=CC=C1)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N2CC3(C[C@H]2C(=O)O)SCCS3", ["Spirapril is a dipeptide, a dithioketal, an azaspiro compound, a dicarboxylic acid monoester, an ethyl ester, a tertiary carboxamide, a secondary amino compound and a pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid. It has a role as a prodrug, an EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor and an antihypertensive agent. It is functionally related to a spiraprilat.", "Spirapril is an ACE inhibitor antihypertensive drug used to treat hypertension. Spirapril is converted to the active spiraprilat after administration. ACE inhibitors are used primarily in treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.", "Spirapril is a prodrug and non-sulfhydryl angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor with antihypertensive activity. Spirapril is converted in the body to its active metabolite spiraprilat. Spiraprilat competitively binds to and inhibits ACE, thereby blocking the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II. This prevents the potent vasoconstrictive actions of angiotensin II and results in vasodilation. Spiraprilat also decreases angiotensin II-induced aldosterone secretion by the adrenal cortex, which leads to an increase in sodium excretion and subsequently increases water outflow."]], ["1-[(3R)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-[2-(4-phenyl-1-azoniabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-1-yl)ethyl]piperidin-1-yl]-2-(3-propan-2-yloxyphenyl)ethanone chloride", "CC(C)OC1=CC=CC(=C1)CC(=O)N2CCC[C@@](C2)(CC[N+]34CCC(CC3)(CC4)C5=CC=CC=C5)C6=CC(=C(C=C6)Cl)Cl.[Cl-]", ["SR 140333 is tachykinin antagonist which has potential to treat diarrhoea due to food allergy or inflammatory bowel disease."]], ["Navelbine", "CCC1=C[C@H]2C[C@@](C3=C(CN(C2)C1)C4=CC=CC=C4N3)(C5=C(C=C6C(=C5)[C@]78CCN9[C@H]7[C@@](C=CC9)([C@H]([C@@]([C@@H]8N6C)(C(=O)OC)O)OC(=O)C)CC)OC)C(=O)OC", ["Vinorelbine is a vinca alkaloid with a norvinblastine skeleton. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent and a photosensitizing agent. It is a vinca alkaloid, an organic heteropentacyclic compound, an organic heterotetracyclic compound, a methyl ester, an acetate ester and a ring assembly.", "Vinorelbine is an anti-mitotic chemotherapy drug that is used in the treatment of several types of malignancies, including breast cancer and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).  It was initially approved in the USA in 1990's for the treatment of NSCLC.  It is a third-generation vinca alkaloid. The introduction of third-generation drugs (vinorelbine, gemcitabine, taxanes) in platinum combination improved survival of patients with advanced NSCLC, with very similar results from the various drugs. Treatment toxicities are considerable in the combination treatment setting.  A study was done on the clearance rate of vinorelbine on individuals with various single polymorphonuclear mutations.  It was found that there was 4.3-fold variation in vinorelbine clearance across the cohort, suggesting a strong influence of genetics on the clearance of this drug.", "Vinorelbine is a Vinca Alkaloid.", "Vinorelbine is a semisynthetic vinca alkaloid. Vinorelbine binds to tubulin and prevents formation of the mitotic spindle, resulting in the arrest of tumor cell growth in metaphase. This agent may also interfere with amino acid, cyclic AMP. and glutathione metabolism; calmodulin-dependent Ca++ -transport ATPase activity; cellular respiration; and nucleic acid and lipid biosynthesis.", "A vinca alkaloid related to VINBLASTINE that is used as a first-line treatment for NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER, or for advanced or metastatic BREAST CANCER refractory to treatment with ANTHRACYCLINES."]], ["5Z-tetradecenoic acid", "CCCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCC(=O)O", ["Cis-tetradec-5-enoic acid is a straight-chain, monounsaturated, 14-carbon long-chain fatty acid with a cis-double bond at position C-5 It is a long-chain fatty acid, a monounsaturated fatty acid and a tetradecenoic acid."]], ["3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-[(2E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyloxy]propanoic acid", "C1=CC(=C(C=C1CC(C(=O)O)OC(=O)/C=C/C2=CC(=C(C=C2)O)O)O)O", ["Rosmarinic acid is the 1-carboxy-2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl ester of trans-caffeic acid. It has a role as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, an antioxidant, a serine proteinase inhibitor, a peripheral nervous system drug, an EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor and a plant metabolite. It is a polyphenol, a phenylpropanoid, a carboxylic ester and a monocarboxylic acid. It is functionally related to a trans-caffeic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a rosmarinate.", "Benzenepropanoic acid, alpha-((3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-1-oxo-2-propenyl)oxy)-3,4-dihydroxy- is a natural product found in Arabidopsis thaliana, Cunila, and Apis cerana with data available."]], ["Icaritin", "CC(=CCC1=C2C(=C(C=C1O)O)C(=O)C(=C(O2)C3=CC=C(C=C3)OC)O)C", ["Icaritin has been used in trials studying the treatment of Solid Tumors, Metastatic Breast Cancer, and Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC).", "Icaritin is a natural product found in Epimedium diphyllum, Epimedium wushanense, and other organisms with data available."]], ["Icariin", "C[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O1)OC2=C(OC3=C(C2=O)C(=CC(=C3CC=C(C)C)O[C@H]4[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O4)CO)O)O)O)O)C5=CC=C(C=C5)OC)O)O)O", ["Icariin is a member of the class of flavonols that is kaempferol which is substituted at position 8 by a 3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl group and in which the hydroxy groups at positions 3, 4', and 7 have been converted to the corresponding 6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranoside, methyl ether, and beta-D-glucopyranoside, respectively. A phoshphodiesterase-5 inhibitor, it is obtained from several species of plants in the genus Epimedium and is thought to be the main active ingredient of the Chinese herbal medicine Herba Epimedii (yinyanghuo). It has a role as a bone density conservation agent, a phytoestrogen, an EC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor and an antioxidant. It is a glycosyloxyflavone and a member of flavonols.", "Icariin has been investigated for the basic science of the Pharmacokinetic Profile of Icariin in Humans.", "Icariin is a natural product found in Epimedium pubescens, Epimedium grandiflorum, and other organisms with data available."]], ["Tiliroside", "C1=CC(=CC=C1/C=C/C(=O)OC[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O2)OC3=C(OC4=CC(=CC(=C4C3=O)O)O)C5=CC=C(C=C5)O)O)O)O)O", ["Tribuloside is a glycosyloxyflavone that is kaempferol attached to a 6-O-[(2E)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyl]-beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a glycosyloxyflavone, a cinnamate ester, a trihydroxyflavone and a monosaccharide derivative. It is functionally related to a kaempferol and a trans-4-coumaric acid.", "Tiliroside is a natural product found in Phlomoides spectabilis, Anaphalis contorta, and other organisms with data available."]], ["Thebaine", "CN1CC[C@]23[C@@H]4C(=CC=C2[C@H]1CC5=C3C(=C(C=C5)OC)O4)OC", ["Thebaine is a morphinane alkaloid and an organic heteropentacyclic compound. It is a conjugate base of a thebaine(1+).", "Thebaine is a natural product found in Papaver bracteatum, Papaver pseudo-orientale, and other organisms with data available.", "Thebaine is an alkaloid opiate that is used as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of other opioids.", "A drug that is derived from opium, which contains from 0.3-1.5% thebaine depending on its origin. It produces strychnine-like convulsions rather than narcosis. It may be habit-forming and is a controlled substance (opiate) listed in the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21 Part 1308.12 (1985). (From Merck Index, 11th ed)"]], ["Lumichrome", "CC1=CC2=C(C=C1C)N=C3C(=N2)C(=O)NC(=O)N3", ["Lumichrome is a compound showing blue fluorescence, formed by a photolysis of riboflavin in acid or neutral solution. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is functionally related to an alloxazine. It is a tautomer of a 7,8-dimethylisoalloxazine.", "Lumichrome is a natural product found in Streptomyces, Nocardia alba, and other organisms with data available."]], ["1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione, 3-(1-methyl-1h-indol-3-yl)-4-(1-methyl-6-nitro-1h-indol-3-yl)-", "CN1C=C(C2=CC=CC=C21)C3=C(C(=O)NC3=O)C4=CN(C5=C4C=CC(=C5)[N+](=O)[O-])C", ["MKC-1 is an orally bioavailable, small-molecule, bisindolylmaleimide cell cycle inhibitor with potential antineoplastic activity. MKC-1 and its metabolites inhibit tubulin polymerization, blocking the formation of the mitotic spindle, which may result in cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase and apoptosis. In addition, this agent has been shown to inhibit the activities of the oncogenic kinase Akt, the mTOR pathway, and importin-beta, a protein essential to the transport of other proteins from the cytosol into the nucleus."]], ["alpha-Cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid", "C1=CC(=CC=C1/C=C(\\C#N)/C(=O)O)O", ["Alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid is a monohydroxycinnamic acid that is 4-hydroxycinnamic acid in which the hydrogen alpha- to the carboxy group is replaced by a cyano group. It is used as a matrix in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry for the analysis of peptides and oligonucleotides. It has a role as a MALDI matrix material. It is a nitrile, a member of phenols and a monohydroxycinnamic acid."]], ["Bosutinib", "CN1CCN(CC1)CCCOC2=C(C=C3C(=C2)N=CC(=C3NC4=CC(=C(C=C4Cl)Cl)OC)C#N)OC", ["Bosutinib is an aminoquinoline that is 4-[(2,4-dichloro-5-methoxyphenyl)amino]-7-[3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propoxy]quinoline bearing additional cyano and methoxy substituents at positions 3 and 6 respectively. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent and a tyrosine kinase inhibitor. It is a nitrile, a N-methylpiperazine, an aromatic ether, a tertiary amino compound, an aminoquinoline and a dichlorobenzene.", "Bosutinib is a Bcr-Abl kinase inhibitor for the treatment of Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph+) chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). Compared to other tyrosine kinase inhibitors, it has a more favourable hematologic toxicity profile. FDA approved on September 4, 2012.", "Bosutinib is a Kinase Inhibitor. The mechanism of action of bosutinib is as a Bcr-Abl Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor.", "Bosutinib is a dual kinase inhibitor of both the BCR-ABL and Src tyrosine kinases and is used in the therapy of Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia. Bosutinib therapy is associated with transient elevations in serum aminotransferase and bilirubin levels and rare instances of clinically apparent acute liver injury.", "Bosutinib is a synthetic quinolone derivative and dual kinase inhibitor that targets both Abl and Src kinases with potential antineoplastic activity. Unlike imatinib, bosutinib inhibits the autophosphorylation of both Abl and Src kinases, resulting in inhibition of cell growth and apoptosis. Because of the dual mechanism of action, this agent may have activity in resistant CML disease, other myeloid malignancies and solid tumors. Abl kinase is upregulated in the presence of the abnormal Bcr-abl fusion protein which is commonly associated with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Overexpression of specific Src kinases is also associated with the imatinib-resistant CML phenotype."]], ["Orantinib", "CC1=C(NC(=C1CCC(=O)O)C)/C=C\\2/C3=CC=CC=C3NC2=O", ["Orantinib has been used in trials studying the treatment of Lung Cancer, Breast Cancer, Kidney Cancer, Gastric Cancer, and Prostate Cancer, among others."]], ["Sunitinib", "CCN(CC)CCNC(=O)C1=C(NC(=C1C)/C=C\\2/C3=C(C=CC(=C3)F)NC2=O)C", ["Sunitinib is a member of pyrroles and a monocarboxylic acid amide. It has a role as an angiogenesis inhibitor, an antineoplastic agent, an EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor, a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist, an immunomodulator and a neuroprotective agent. It is functionally related to a 3-methyleneoxindole.", "Sunitinib is a small-molecule multi-targeted receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibitor. On January 26, 2006, the agent was formally approved by the US FDA for the indications of treating renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and imatinib-resistant gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). For these purposes, sunitinib is generally available as an orally administered formulation. Sunitinib inhibits cellular signaling by targeting multiple RTKs. These include all platelet-derived growth factor receptors (PDGF-R) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGF-R). Sunitinib also inhibits KIT (CD117), the RTK that drives the majority of GISTs. In addition, sunitinib inhibits other RTKs including RET, CSF-1R, and flt3.", "Sunitinib is a Kinase Inhibitor. The mechanism of action of sunitinib is as a Protein Kinase Inhibitor.", "Sunitinib is multi-specific tyrosine kinase receptor inhibitor that is used in the therapy of gastrointestinal stromal tumors and advanced renal cell carcinoma. Sunitinib therapy is associated with transient elevations in serum aminotransferase and bilirubin levels and rare instances of clinically apparent acute liver injury.", "Sunitinib is a natural product found in Penicillium terrestre and Penicillium solitum with data available.", "Sunitinib is an indolinone derivative and tyrosine kinase inhibitor with potential antineoplastic activity. Sunitinib blocks the tyrosine kinase activities of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2), platelet-derived growth factor receptor b (PDGFRb), and c-kit, thereby inhibiting angiogenesis and cell proliferation.  This agent also inhibits the phosphorylation of Fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3), another receptor tyrosine kinase expressed by some leukemic cells.", "An indole and pyrrole derivative that inhibits VEGFR-2 and PDGFR BETA RECEPTOR TYROSINE KINASES. It is used as an antineoplastic agent for the treatment of GASTROINTESTINAL STROMAL TUMORS, and for treatment of advanced or metastatic RENAL CELL CARCINOMA."]], ["Nifuroxazide", "C1=CC(=CC=C1C(=O)N/N=C/C2=CC=C(O2)[N+](=O)[O-])O", ["Nifuroxazide is a member of benzoic acids."]], ["Mitoguazone", "C/C(=N\\N=C(N)N)/C=N/N=C(N)N", ["Mitoguazone is a hydrazone obtained by formal condensation of the two carbonyl groups of methylglyoxal with the primary amino groups of two molecules of aminoguanidine. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent, an apoptosis inducer and an EC 4.1.1.50 (adenosylmethionine decarboxylase) inhibitor. It is a hydrazone and a member of guanidines. It is functionally related to a methylglyoxal and an aminoguanidine. It is a conjugate base of a mitoguazone(2+).", "Mitoguazone has been used in trials studying the treatment of Lymphoma, HIV Infections, and Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin.", "Mitoguazone is a guanylhydrazone with potential antineoplastic activity. Mitoguazone competitively inhibits S-adenosyl-L-methionine decarboxylase (SAMD), an enzyme involved in the synthesis of polyamines, resulting in decreased proliferation of tumor cells, antimitochondrial effects, and p53-independent apoptosis. Polyamines, specifically spermine and spermidine, are essential for thymidine kinase production, DNA synthesis, and cell proliferation. (NCI04)", "Antineoplastic agent effective against myelogenous leukemia in experimental animals. Also acts as an inhibitor of animal S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase."]], ["Bisantrene", "C1NC(=NC1)N/N=C/C2=C3C(=C(C4=CC=CC=C24)/C=N/NC5=NCCN5)C=CC=C3", ["Bisantrene is an anthracenyl bishydrazone with antineoplastic activity. Bisantrene intercalates with and disrupts the configuration of DNA, resulting in DNA single-strand breaks, DNA-protein crosslinking, and inhibition of DNA replication.  This agent is similar to doxorubicin in activity, but unlike doxorubicin, does not exhibit cardiotoxicity. (NCI04)"]], ["Fosbretabulin", "COC1=C(C=C(C=C1)/C=C\\C2=CC(=C(C(=C2)OC)OC)OC)OP(=O)(O)O", ["Fosbretabulin has been investigated for the treatment of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer.", "Fosbretabulin is a water-soluble prodrug derived from the African bush willow (Combretum caffrum) with antineoplastic activity. Fosbretabulin is dephosphorylated to its active metabolite, combretastatin A4, which binds to tubulin and inhibits microtubule polymerization, resulting in mitotic arrest and apoptosis in endothelial cells. As apoptotic endothelial cells detach from their substrata, tumor blood vessels collapse; the acute disruption of tumor blood flow may result in tumor necrosis."]], ["Premarin", "C[C@]12CC[C@H]3[C@H]([C@@H]1CCC2=O)CCC4=C3C=CC(=C4)OS(=O)(=O)O.[Na+]", ["A pharmaceutical preparation containing a mixture of water-soluble, conjugated estrogens derived wholly or in part from URINE of pregnant mares or synthetically from ESTRONE and EQUILIN. It contains a sodium-salt mixture of estrone sulfate (52-62%) and equilin sulfate (22-30%) with a total of the two between 80-88%. Other concomitant conjugates include 17-alpha-dihydroequilin, 17-alpha-estradiol, and 17-beta-dihydroequilin. The potency of the preparation is expressed in terms of an equivalent quantity of sodium estrone sulfate."]], ["2-[5-Hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-[(10,14,16,20-tetramethyl-22-azahexacyclo[12.10.0.02,11.05,10.015,23.017,22]tetracos-4-en-7-yl)oxy]-4-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol;chloride", "CC1CCC2C(C3C(N2C1)CC4C3(CCC5C4CC=C6C5(CCC(C6)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)CO)O)O)O)OC9C(C(C(C(O9)C)O)O)O)C)C)C.[Cl-]", ["A mixture of alpha-chaconine and alpha-solanine, found in SOLANACEAE plants."]], ["Paraplatin", "C1CC(C1)(C(=O)O)C(=O)O.N.N.[Pt+2]", ["Carboplatin is a platinum coordination entity with cis square-planar geometry in which platinum(II) is coordinated to two ammonia ligands and a bidentate cyclobutane-1,1-dicarboxylate ligand. It has a role as a mutagen and an antineoplastic agent. It contains a cyclobutane-1,1-dicarboxylate(2-).", "Carboplatin is an organoplatinum antineoplastic alkylating agent used in the treatment of advanced ovarian carcinoma. Early clinical studies of carboplatin were performed in 1982. Carboplatin was developed as an analog of [cisplatin] with reduced nephrotoxicity and vomiting.  Carboplatin was granted FDA approval on 3 March 1989.", "An organoplatinum compound that possesses antineoplastic activity."]], ["Prostavasin", "CCCCCC(/C=C/C1C(CC(=O)C1CCCCCCC(=O)O)O)O", ["A potent vasodilator agent that increases peripheral blood flow."]], ["7-[[2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetyl]amino]-8-oxo-3-[(E)-prop-1-enyl]-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid", "C/C=C/C1=C(N2C(C(C2=O)NC(=O)C(C3=CC=C(C=C3)O)N)SC1)C(=O)O", ["7-[[2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-oxoethyl]amino]-8-oxo-3-prop-1-enyl-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid is a cephalosporin."]], ["3-[(Z)-[5-(4-nitrophenyl)furan-2-yl]methylideneamino]-2-oxo-4H-imidazol-5-olate", "C1C(=NC(=O)N1/N=C\\C2=CC=C(O2)C3=CC=C(C=C3)[N+](=O)[O-])[O-]", ["Dantrolene Sodium is the sodium salt form of dantrolene, a hydantoin derivative and direct-acting skeletal muscle relaxant. Dantrolene depresses excitation-contraction coupling in skeletal muscle by binding to the ryanodine receptor 1, and decreasing intracellular calcium concentration. Ryanodine receptors mediate the release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, an essential step in muscle contraction.", "Skeletal muscle relaxant that acts by interfering with excitation-contraction coupling in the muscle fiber. It is used in spasticity and other neuromuscular abnormalities. Although the mechanism of action is probably not central, dantrolene is usually grouped with the central muscle relaxants."]], ["Viostdrol", "CC(C)C(C)/C=C/C(C)C1CCC\\2C1(CCC/C2=C\\C=C\\3/CC(CCC3=C)O)C", ["Davitin is a natural product found in Theobroma cacao with data available."]], ["2-[(Z)-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)methylideneamino]guanidine", "C1=CC(=C(C(=C1)Cl)/C=N\\N=C(N)N)Cl", ["An alpha-2 selective adrenergic agonist used as an antihypertensive agent."]], ["Molsidomine", "CCO/C(=N/C1=C[N+](=NO1)N2CCOCC2)/[O-]", ["1-ethoxy-N-[3-(4-morpholinyl)-5-oxadiazol-3-iumyl]methanimidate is a member of morpholines.", "Molsidomine is an orally active, long-acting vasodilator, which belongs to the class of medications known as syndnones. Interestingly, it is being studied as being a preventive measure in cerebral infarction.", "A morpholinyl sydnone imine ethyl ester, having a nitrogen in place of the keto oxygen. It acts as NITRIC OXIDE DONORS and is a vasodilator that has been used in ANGINA PECTORIS."]], ["Axid", "CN/C(=C/[N+](=O)[O-])/NCCSCC1=CSC(=N1)CN(C)C", ["A histamine H2 receptor antagonist with low toxicity that inhibits gastric acid secretion. The drug is used for the treatment of duodenal ulcers."]], ["Oxiconazole", "C1=CC(=C(C=C1Cl)Cl)CO/N=C(\\CN2C=CN=C2)/C3=C(C=C(C=C3)Cl)Cl", ["Oxiconazole is an oxime O-ether that is the 2,4-dichlorobenzyl ether of the oxime obtained by formal condensation of hydroxylamine with the carbonyl group of acetopnenone in which the phenyl group is substituted by chlorines at positions 2 and 4, and in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group is replaced by a 1H-imidazol-1-yl group. An antifungal agent, it is used (generally as the nitrate salt) in creams and powders for the topical treatment of fungal skin infections. It has a role as an antiinfective agent. It is a member of imidazoles, an oxime O-ether, a dichlorobenzene, an imidazole antifungal drug and a conazole antifungal drug. It is a conjugate base of an oxiconazole(1+).", "Oxiconazole is an antifungal agent that is commonly found in topical formulations. It is marketed under the brand names Oxistat and Oxistat, and is used in the treatment of various skin infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch and ringworm.", "Oxiconazole is an Azole Antifungal.", "Oxiconazole is a broad spectrum imidazole derivative with antifungal activity. Although the exact mechanism of action has yet to be fully elucidated, oxiconazole, like other azole antifungals, most likely inhibits the cytochrome P450-dependent demethylation of lanosterol. This prevents the synthesis of ergosterol which is a crucial component of fungal cell membrane. By disrupting fungal cell membrane synthesis and integrity, oxiconazole alters fungal cell membrane permeability, promotes loss of essential intracellular components and eventually inhibits fungal cell growth."]], ["Anaprel", "COC1C(CC2CN3CCC4=C(C3CC2C1C(=O)OC)NC5=C4C=CC(=C5)OC)OC(=O)/C=C/C6=CC(=C(C(=C6)OC)OC)OC", ["Anaprel is a natural product found in Rauvolfia balansae, Vinca minor, and Rauvolfia semperflorens with data available."]], ["(12Z,17Z,19Z)-6-[2-(diethylamino)ethylsulfonyl]-21-hydroxy-11,19-dimethyl-10-propan-2-yl-9,26-dioxa-3,15,28-triazatricyclo[23.2.1.03,7]octacosa-1(27),12,17,19,25(28)-pentaene-2,8,14,23-tetrone", "CCN(CC)CCS(=O)(=O)C1CCN2C1C(=O)OC(C(/C=C\\C(=O)NC/C=C\\C(=C/C(CC(=O)CC3=NC(=CO3)C2=O)O)\\C)C)C(C)C", ["Dalfopristin is a semi-synthetic derivative of streptogramin A produced by streptomycetes. Dalfopristin inhibits the early phase of protein synthesis in the bacterial ribosome by binding to the 70S subunit, and also alters the configuration of the ribosome to make it more susceptible for streptogramin B binding. Dalfopristin is used in combination with quinopristin, a streptogramin B derivative. This combination is active against most gram-positive organisms, including Enterococcus faecium, and is also active against some gram-negative organisms and mycoplasma."]], ["2,3',4,5'-Tetramethoxystilbene", "COC1=CC(=C(C=C1)/C=C/C2=CC(=CC(=C2)OC)OC)OC", ["1-[2-(2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethenyl]-3,5-dimethoxybenzene is a stilbenoid.", "2,3',4,5'-Tetramethoxystilbene is a natural product found in Maclura pomifera with data available."]], ["Ubiquinone", "CC1=C(C(=O)C(=C(C1=O)OC)OC)C/C=C(/C)\\CC/C=C(/C)\\CC/C=C(/C)\\CC/C=C(/C)\\CC/C=C(/C)\\CC/C=C(/C)\\CC/C=C(/C)\\CC/C=C(/C)\\CC/C=C(/C)\\CCC=C(C)C", ["A lipid-soluble benzoquinone which is involved in ELECTRON TRANSPORT in mitochondrial preparations. The compound occurs in the majority of aerobic organisms, from bacteria to higher plants and animals."]], ["Rubidium", "[Rb]", ["Rubidium appears as a soft silvery metal. Shipped in very limited quantities sealed in a copper tube and over packed in a wooden box. Used in electronics.", "Rubidium atom is an alkali metal atom.", "Rubidium is an element with atomic symbol Rb, atomic number 37, and atomic weight 85.468.", "rubidium is a mineral.", "An element that is an alkali metal. It has an atomic symbol Rb, atomic number 37, and atomic weight 85.47. It is used as a chemical reagent and in the manufacture of photoelectric cells."]], ["Codeine phosphate", "CN1CC[C@]23[C@@H]4[C@H]1CC5=C2C(=C(C=C5)OC)O[C@H]3[C@H](C=C4)O.OP(=O)(O)O", ["Codeine phosphate appears as colorless small crystals or white powder. Odorless. Bitter taste. Solutions are acid to litmus. pH (4% solution) 4.2-5. (NTP, 1992)", "Codeine Phosphate is the phosphate salt of codeine, a naturally occurring phenanthrene alkaloid and opioid agonist with analgesic, antidiarrheal and antitussive activities. Codeine mimics the actions of endogenous opioids by binding to the opioid receptors at many sites within the central nervous system (CNS). Stimulation of mu-subtype opioid receptors results in a decrease in the release of nociceptive neurotransmitters such as substance P, GABA, dopamine, acetylcholine and noradrenaline; in addition, the codeine metabolite morphine induces opening of G-protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium (GIRK) channels and blocks the opening of N-type voltage-gated calcium channels, resulting in hyperpolarization and reduced neuronal excitability. Stimulation of gut mu-subtype opioid receptors results in a reduction in intestinal motility and delayed intestinal transit times. Antitussive activity is mediated through codeine's action on the cough center in the medulla.", "An opioid analgesic related to MORPHINE but with less potent analgesic properties and mild sedative effects. It also acts centrally to suppress cough."]], ["6-Chloropurine", "C1=NC2=C(N1)C(=NC=N2)Cl", ["6-Chloro-1H-purine is a member of purines."]], ["Metopon", "C[C@]12C(=O)CC[C@@H]3[C@]14CCN([C@@H]3CC5=C4C(=C(C=C5)O)O2)C", ["Metopon is a morphinane alkaloid."]], ["Levallorphan", "C=CCN1CC[C@]23CCCC[C@H]2[C@H]1CC4=C3C=C(C=C4)O", ["Levallorphan is a morphinane alkaloid.", "An opioid antagonist with properties similar to those of naloxone; in addition it also possesses some agonist properties. It should be used cautiously; levallorphan reverses severe opioid-induced respiratory depression but may exacerbate respiratory depression such as that induced by alcohol or other non-opioid central depressants. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p683)", "Levallorphan is a natural product found in Euglena gracilis and Papaver somniferum with data available.", "An opioid antagonist with properties similar to those of NALOXONE; in addition it also possesses some agonist properties. It should be used cautiously; levallorphan reverses severe opioid-induced respiratory depression but may exacerbate respiratory depression such as that induced by alcohol or other non-opioid central depressants. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p683)"]], ["Oxymorphone hydrochloride", "CN1CC[C@]23[C@@H]4C(=O)CC[C@]2([C@H]1CC5=C3C(=C(C=C5)O)O4)O.Cl", ["Oxymorphone hydrochloride is a member of phenanthrenes.", "Oxymorphone Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of oxymorphone, a semisynthetic opioid with a potent analgesic property. Oxymorphone hydrochloride binds to and activates opiate receptors, specifically mu-receptors, in the central nervous system (CNS).  This results in sedation, analgesia, decreased gastrointestinal motility, and respiratory depression.", "An opioid analgesic with actions and uses similar to those of MORPHINE, apart from an absence of cough suppressant activity. It is used in the treatment of moderate to severe pain, including pain in obstetrics. It may also be used as an adjunct to anesthesia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1092)"]], ["Dihydromorphine", "CN1CC[C@]23[C@@H]4[C@H]1CC5=C2C(=C(C=C5)O)O[C@H]3[C@H](CC4)O", ["Dihydromorphine is a morphinane alkaloid.", "Dihydromorphine is a natural product found in Papaver somniferum with data available.", "A semisynthetic analgesic used in the study of narcotic receptors."]], ["(1R,9R)-4-methoxy-17-methyl-17-azatetracyclo[7.5.3.01,10.02,7]heptadeca-2(7),3,5-triene", "CN1CC[C@]23CCCCC2[C@H]1CC4=C3C=C(C=C4)OC", ["Methyl analog of DEXTRORPHAN that shows high affinity binding to several regions of the brain, including the medullary cough center. This compound is an NMDA receptor antagonist (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and acts as a non-competitive channel blocker. It is one of the widely used ANTITUSSIVES, and is also used to study the involvement of glutamate receptors in neurotoxicity."]], ["Codeine N-oxide", "C[N@@+]1(CC[C@]23[C@@H]4[C@H]1CC5=C2C(=C(C=C5)OC)O[C@H]3[C@H](C=C4)O)[O-]", ["Codeine N-oxide is a morphinane alkaloid."]], ["Magnesium Chloride", "[Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-]", ["Magnesium dichloride is a magnesium salt comprising of two chlorine atoms bound to a magnesium atom. It is a magnesium salt, an inorganic chloride, a magnesium halide and an inorganic magnesium salt.", "Magnesium chloride salts are highly soluble in water and the hydrated form of magnesium chloride can be extracted from brine or sea water.", "Chloromagnesite is a mineral with formula of MgCl2. The IMA symbol is Cmgs.", "Magnesium chloride. An inorganic compound consisting of one magnesium and two chloride ions. The compound is used in medicine as a source of magnesium ions, which are essential for many cellular activities. It has also been used as a cathartic and in alloys."]], ["Bleomycin", "CC1=C(N=C(N=C1N)[C@H](CC(=O)N)NC[C@@H](C(=O)N)N)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@H](C2=CN=CN2)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)OC(=O)N)O)C(=O)N[C@H](C)[C@H]([C@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)NCCC5=NC(=CS5)C6=NC(=CS6)C(=O)NCCC[S+](C)C)O", ["Bleomycin appears as colorless or yellowish powder. Possible bluish color depending on copper content. (NTP, 1992)", "A complex of related glycopeptide antibiotics from Streptomyces verticillus consisting of bleomycin A2 and B2 (B2 CAS # 9060-10-0). It inhibits DNA metabolism and is used as an antineoplastic, especially for solid tumors. Bleomycin A2 is used as the representative structure for Bleomycin.", "Bleomycin is a cystotoxic antibiotic that is used as an anticancer agent in the therapy of testicular and germ cell cancers, Hodgkin disease, lymphomas and tumors of the head and neck. Therapy with bleomycin in combination with other agents is often associated with mild-to-moderate serum enzyme elevations, but is a rare cause of clinically apparent liver injury.", "Bleomycin A2 is the primary bleomycin species in bleomycin sulfate, a mixture of the sulfate salts of several basic glycopeptide antineoplastic antibiotics isolated from Streptomyces verticillus.  Bleomycin A2 forms complexes with iron that reduce molecular oxygen to superoxide and hydroxyl radicals which cause single- and double-stranded breaks in DNA; these reactive oxygen species also induce lipid peroxidation, carbohydrate oxidation, and alterations in prostaglandin synthesis and degradation. (NCI04)", "Bleomycin is a mixture of glycopeptide antineoplastic antibiotics isolated from the bacterium Streptomyces verticillus. Bleomycin forms complexes with iron that reduce molecular oxygen to superoxide and hydroxyl radicals which cause single- and double-stranded breaks in DNA; these reactive oxygen species also induce lipid peroxidation, carbohydrate oxidation, and alterations in prostaglandin synthesis and degradation.", "Bleomycin Sulfate is a mixture of the sulfate salts of basic glycopeptide antineoplastic antibiotics isolated from Streptomyces verticillus. Bleomycin sulfate forms complexes with iron that reduce molecular oxygen to superoxide and hydroxyl radicals which cause single- and double-stranded breaks in DNA; these reactive oxygen species also induce lipid peroxidation, carbohydrate oxidation, and alterations in prostaglandin synthesis and degradation.", "A complex of related glycopeptide antibiotics from <i>Streptomyces verticillus</i> consisting of bleomycin A2 and B2 (B2 CAS # 9060-10-0). It inhibits DNA metabolism and is used as an antineoplastic, especially for solid tumors. Bleomycin A2 is used as the representative structure for Bleomycin.", "A complex of related glycopeptide antibiotics from Streptomyces verticillus consisting of bleomycin A2 and B2. It inhibits DNA metabolism and is used as an antineoplastic, especially for solid tumors."]], ["Nalbuphine hydrochloride", "C1CC(C1)CN2CC[C@]34[C@@H]5[C@H](CC[C@]3([C@H]2CC6=C4C(=C(C=C6)O)O5)O)O.Cl", ["Nalbuphine Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of nalbuphine, a synthetic phenanthrene opioid with opiate agonist and antagonist effects, used to treat moderate to severe pain and provide preoperative and postoperative analgesia and sedation. Nalbuphine hydrochloride binds to kappa-, mu- and delta-opioid receptors but not to sigma-opioid receptors. This opioid exerts its analgesic actions primarily through kappa-opioid-receptor agonism and partially through mu-opioid receptor agonism.", "A narcotic used as a pain medication. It appears to be an agonist at KAPPA RECEPTORS and an antagonist or partial agonist at MU RECEPTORS."]], ["Butorphanol", "C1CC[C@]2([C@H]3CC4=C([C@]2(C1)CCN3CC5CCC5)C=C(C=C4)O)O", ["Butorphanol is levorphanol in which a hydrogen at position 14 of the morphinan skeleton is substituted by hydroxy and one of the hydrogens of the N-methyl group is substituted by cyclopropyl. A semi-synthetic opioid agonist-antagonist analgesic, it is used as its (S,S)-tartaric acid salt for relief or moderate to severe pain. It has a role as an opioid analgesic, a mu-opioid receptor agonist, a kappa-opioid receptor agonist and an antitussive.", "Butorphanol is an Opioid Agonist/Antagonist. The mechanism of action of butorphanol is as a Competitive Opioid Antagonist, and Partial Opioid Agonist.", "Butorphanol is a synthetic opioid which is used as a nasal spray for treatment of migraine headaches and parenterally as a narcotic analgesic for moderate-to-severe pain or as an adjunct to general anesthesia. Butorphanol has not been linked to serum enzyme elevations during therapy or to clinically apparent liver injury.", "A synthetic morphinan analgesic with narcotic antagonist action. It is used in the management of severe pain."]], ["3-[(acetyloxy)methyl]-7-{[(2E)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino}-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid", "CC(=O)OCC1=C(N2C(C(C2=O)NC(=O)/C(=N/OC)/C3=CSC(=N3)N)SC1)C(=O)O", ["3-(acetyloxymethyl)-7-[[2-(2-amino-4-thiazolyl)-2-methoxyimino-1-oxoethyl]amino]-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid is a cephalosporin."]], ["(E)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-N-[(2,4-dichlorophenyl)methoxy]-2-imidazol-1-ylethanimine;nitric acid", "C1=CC(=C(C=C1Cl)Cl)CO/N=C(/CN2C=CN=C2)\\C3=C(C=C(C=C3)Cl)Cl.[N+](=O)(O)[O-]", ["Oxiconazole Nitrate is the nitrate salt form of oxiconazole, a broad spectrum imidazole derivative with antifungal activity. Although the exact mechanism of action has yet to be fully elucidated, oxiconazole, like other azole antifungals, most likely inhibits the cytochrome P450-dependent demethylation of lanosterol. This prevents the synthesis of ergosterol which is a crucial component of fungal cell membrane. By disrupting fungal cell membrane synthesis and integrity, oxiconazole alters fungal cell membrane permeability, promotes loss of essential intracellular components and eventually inhibits fungal cell growth."]], ["Oxiconazol", "C1=CC(=C(C=C1Cl)Cl)CO/N=C(/CN2C=CN=C2)\\C3=C(C=C(C=C3)Cl)Cl", ["Oxiconazole is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is an antifungal medication typically administered in a cream or lotion to treat skin infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch and ringworm. Oxiconazole inhibits ergosterol biosynthesis, which is required for cytoplasmic membrane integrity of fungi. It acts to destabilize the fungal cyctochrome P450 51 enzyme (also known as Lanosterol 14-alpha demethylase). This is vital in the cell membrance structure of the fungus. Its inhibition leads to cell lysis. Oxiconazole has also been shown in inhibit DNA synthesis and suppress intracellular concentrations of ATP. Like other imidazole antifungals, Oxiconazole can increase membrane permeability to zinc, augmenting its cytotoxicity."]], ["Methylnaltrexone bromide", "C[N+]1(CC[C@]23[C@@H]4C(=O)CC[C@]2([C@H]1CC5=C3C(=C(C=C5)O)O4)O)CC6CC6.[Br-]", ["Methylnaltrexone is a methyl derivative of noroxymorphone with selective, opioid-receptor antagonistic activity. Methylnaltrexone displaces opioids from peripheral opioid receptors in the gastrointestinal tract, the bladder, and the skin, resulting in decreases in opioid-related constipation, urinary retention, and pruritis, respectively. Methylnaltrexone does not cross the blood-brain barrier and does not affect the centrally-mediated analgesic effect of opioids.", "Methylnaltrexone Bromide is the bromide salt form of methylnaltrexone, a methyl derivative of noroxymorphone with selective, peripherally-acting mu-opioid receptor antagonistic activity. Methylnaltrexone displaces opioids from peripheral opioid receptors in the gastrointestinal tract, the bladder, and the skin, thereby reversing the opioid-related peripheral side-effects, such as constipation, urinary retention, and pruritis, respectively. Unlike naltrexone and due to the presence of a positively charged nitrogen atom in methylnaltrexone, this agent does not cross the blood-brain barrier and does not affect the centrally-mediated analgesic effect of opioids."]], ["Methylnaltrexone", "C[N+]1(CC[C@]23[C@@H]4C(=O)CC[C@]2([C@H]1CC5=C3C(=C(C=C5)O)O4)O)CC6CC6", ["Methylnaltrexone is a member of phenanthrenes.", "Methylnaltrexone is a methyl derivative of noroxymorphone with selective, opioid-receptor antagonistic activity. Methylnaltrexone displaces opioids from peripheral opioid receptors in the gastrointestinal tract, the bladder, and the skin, resulting in decreases in opioid-related constipation, urinary retention, and pruritis, respectively. Methylnaltrexone does not cross the blood-brain barrier and does not affect the centrally-mediated analgesic effect of opioids."]], ["Benazepril", "CCOC(=O)[C@H](CCC1=CC=CC=C1)N[C@H]2CCC3=CC=CC=C3N(C2=O)CC(=O)O", ["Benazepril is a benzazepine that is benazeprilat in which the carboxy group of the 2-amino-4-phenylbutanoic acid moiety has been converted to the corresponding ethyl ester. It is used (generally as its hydrochloride salt) as a prodrug for the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor benazeprilat in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure. It has a role as an EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor and a prodrug. It is a benzazepine, a dicarboxylic acid monoester, an ethyl ester and a lactam. It is functionally related to a benazeprilat. It is a conjugate base of a benazepril(1+).", "Benazepril, brand name Lotensin, is a medication used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension), congestive heart failure, and chronic renal failure. Upon cleavage of its ester group by the liver, benazepril is converted into its active form benazeprilat, a non-sulfhydryl angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor.", "Benazepril is an Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor. The mechanism of action of benazepril is as an Angiotensin-converting Enzyme Inhibitor. The physiologic effect of benazepril is by means of Decreased Blood Pressure.", "Benazepril is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor widely used in the therapy of hypertension. Benazepril is associated with a low rate of transient serum aminotransferase elevations and has been linked to rare instances of acute liver injury.", "Benazepril is a carboxyl-containing angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor with antihypertensive activity. As a prodrug, benazepril is metabolized to its active form benazeprilat. Benazeprilat competitively binds to and inhibits ACE, thereby blocking the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II. This prevents the potent vasoconstrictive actions of angiotensin II resulting in vasodilation. Benazeprilat also decreases angiotensin II-induced aldosterone secretion by the adrenal cortex, which leads to an increase in sodium excretion and subsequently increases water outflow."]], ["Elsamitrucin", "C[C@@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](O1)O[C@H]2[C@@H](O[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@]2(C)O)O)C)OC3=CC=CC4=C3C5=C6C7=C(C=CC(=C7C(=O)O5)C)OC(=O)C6=C4O)N)OC)O", ["The cytostatic agent Elsamitrucin is a new fermentation product active in a variety of in vivo tumor models of murine and human origin. (PMID: 8150873)", "Elsamitrucin is an heterocyclic antineoplastic antibiotic isolated from the bacterium Actinomycete strain J907-21.  Elsamitrucin intercalates into DNA at guanine-cytosine (G-C)-rich sequences and inhibits topoisomerase I and II, resulting in single-strand breaks and inhibition of DNA replication. (NCI04)"]], ["Ridogrel", "C1=CC(=CC(=C1)C(F)(F)F)/C(=N\\OCCCCC(=O)O)/C2=CN=CC=C2", ["Ridogrel is a member of (trifluoromethyl)benzenes.", "Ridogrel is a dual action drug useful for the prevention of systemic thrombo-embolism and as an adjunctive agent to thrombolytic therapy in acute myocardial infarction. However, there currently are no clinical indications for preferential use of ridogrel over aspirin.", "Ridogrel is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a dual action drug useful for the prevention of systemic thrombo-embolism and as an adjunctive agent to thrombolytic therapy in acute myocardial infarction. However, there currently are no clinical indications for preferential use of ridogrel over aspirin.Ridogrel inhibits thromboxane A2 synthase and also blocks the thromboxane A2/prostaglandin endoperoxide receptors. Thromboxane synthetase produces thromboxane in platelets. Thromboxane is a vasoconstrictor and facilitates the clumping of platelets. Therefore by inhibiting the production and promotion of thromboxane, thrombolysis is enhanced."]], ["Visudyne", "CC1=C(C2=CC3=NC(=CC4=C(C(=C(N4)C=C5[C@@]6([C@@H](C(=CC=C6C(=N5)C=C1N2)C(=O)OC)C(=O)OC)C)C)CCC(=O)OC)C(=C3C)CCC(=O)O)C=C", ["(2R,2(1)S)-8-ethenyl-2(1),2(2)-bis(methoxycarbonyl)-17-(3-methoxy-3-oxopropyl)-2,7,12,18-tetramethyl-2,2(1)-dihydrobenzo[b]porphyrin-13-propanoic acid is the 2(1),2(2),17-trimethyl ester of (2R,2(1)S)-2(1),2(2)-dicarboxy-8-ethenyl-2,7,12,18-tetramethyl-2,2(1)-dihydrobenzo[b]porphyrin-13,17-dipropanoic acid. It is a beta-substituted porphyrin, a carboxylic acid and a methyl ester. It is functionally related to a (2R,2(1)S)-2(1),2(2)-dicarboxy-8-ethenyl-2,7,12,18-tetramethyl-2,2(1)-dihydrobenzo[b]porphyrin-13,17-dipropanoic acid. It is an enantiomer of a (2S,2(1)R)-8-ethenyl-2(1),2(2)-bis(methoxycarbonyl)-17-(3-methoxy-3-oxopropyl)-2,7,12,18-tetramethyl-2,2(1)-dihydrobenzo[b]porphyrin-13-propanoic acid.", "Verteporfin, marketed as Visudyne, is a benzoporphyrin derivative. It is used as a photosensitizer in photodynamic therapy to eliminate abnormal blood vessels in wet form macular degeneration. Verteporfin accumulates in these abnormal blood vessels and, when stimulated by nonthermal red light with a wavelength of 693 nm in the presence of oxygen, produces highly reactive short-lived singlet oxygen and other reactive oxygen radicals, resulting in local damage to the endothelium and blockage of the vessels.", "A benzoporphyrin derivative that is used in PHOTOCHEMOTHERAPY to treat wet type MACULAR DEGENERATION."]], ["Indinavir", "CC(C)(C)NC(=O)[C@@H]1CN(CCN1C[C@H](C[C@@H](CC2=CC=CC=C2)C(=O)N[C@@H]3[C@@H](CC4=CC=CC=C34)O)O)CC5=CN=CC=C5", ["Indinavir is a N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine, a piperazinecarboxamide and a dicarboxylic acid diamide. It has a role as a HIV protease inhibitor.", "Indinavir anhydrous is a Protease Inhibitor. The mechanism of action of indinavir anhydrous is as a HIV Protease Inhibitor, and Cytochrome P450 3A4 Inhibitor.", "Indinavir is an antiretroviral protease inhibitor used in the therapy and prevention of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Indinavir can cause transient and usually asymptomatic elevations in serum aminotransferase levels and mild elevations in indirect bilirubin concentration. Indinavir is a rare cause of clinically apparent, acute liver injury. In HBV or HCV coinfected patients, antiretroviral therapy with indinavir may result in an exacerbation of the underlying chronic hepatitis B or C.", "Indinavir is a natural product found in Streptomyces with data available.", "Indinavir Anhydrous is an anhydrous formulation of indinavir, a synthetic hydroxyaminopentane amide agent that selectively inhibits the protease of both human immunodeficiency virus 1 and 2. The incorporation of a basic amine into the hydroxyethylene backbone improves its aqueous solubility and its oral bioavailability.", "A potent and specific HIV protease inhibitor that appears to have good oral bioavailability."]], ["Desomorphine", "CN1CC[C@]23[C@@H]4[C@H]1CC5=C2C(=C(C=C5)O)O[C@H]3CCC4", ["Desomorphine is a morphinane alkaloid."]], ["Myrophine", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H]1C=C[C@H]2[C@H]3CC4=C5[C@]2([C@H]1OC5=C(C=C4)OCC6=CC=CC=C6)CCN3C", ["Myrophine is the 3-O-benzyl and 6-myristyl derivative of morphine, for which it is a prodrug. Myrophine is almost invariably used as the hydrochloride. It has a role as a prodrug and an opioid analgesic. It is a benzyl ether and a tetradecanoate ester. It is functionally related to a morphine."]], ["Nicomorphine", "CN1CC[C@]23[C@@H]4[C@H]1CC5=C2C(=C(C=C5)OC(=O)C6=CN=CC=C6)O[C@H]3[C@H](C=C4)OC(=O)C7=CN=CC=C7", ["Nicomorphine is a morphinane alkaloid."]], ["Strontium dichloride", "[Cl-].[Cl-].[Sr+2]", ["Strontium dichloride is an inorganic chloride and a strontium salt.", "Strontium chloride (SrCl2) is a salt of strontium and chloride. SrCl2 is useful in reducing tooth sensitivity by forming a barrier over microscopic tubules in the dentin containing nerve endings that have become exposed by gum recession. This kind of barrier protection for tooth hypersensitivity has, however, been superseded by other toothpaste formulations and ingredients designed to be nerve calming agents instead. Such strontium chloride toothpaste formulations may subsequently not be available for sale anymore in certain parts of the world."]], ["Benzylmorphine", "CN1CC[C@]23[C@@H]4[C@H]1CC5=C2C(=C(C=C5)OCC6=CC=CC=C6)O[C@H]3[C@H](C=C4)O", ["Benzylmorphine is a natural product found in Papaver somniferum with data available."]], ["Decyl oleate", "CCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)CCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCC", ["Decyl oleate is a wax ester obtained by the formal condensation of the carboxy group of oleic acid with the hydroxy group of decanol. It is functionally related to an oleic acid and a decan-1-ol."]], ["Zimeldine", "CN(C)C/C=C(/C1=CC=C(C=C1)Br)\\C2=CN=CC=C2", ["Zimeldine is a member of styrenes.", "Zimelidine has been banned worldwide due to serious, sometimes fatal, cases of central and/or peripheral neuropathy known as Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome and due to a peculiar hypersensitivity reaction involving many organs including skin exanthema, flu-like symptoms, arthralgias, and sometimes eosinophilia. Additionally, zimelidine was charged to cause an increase in suicidal ideation and/or attempts among depressive patients.", "One of the SELECTIVE SEROTONIN REUPTAKE INHIBITORS formerly used for depression but was withdrawn worldwide in September 1983 because of the risk of GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME associated with its use. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 29th ed, p385)"]], ["Monomethyl fumarate", "COC(=O)/C=C/C(=O)O", ["Monomethyl fumarate is a dicarboxylic acid monoester resulting from the formal condensation of one of the carboxy groups of fumaric acid with methanol. Is is a metabolite of dimethyl fumarate and used for the the treatment of patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis (MS). It also induces the NFE2L2 (Nrf2) transcription factor by binding to KEAP1. It has a role as an immunomodulator, an antioxidant and a drug metabolite. It is an enoate ester, a methyl ester and a dicarboxylic acid monoester. It is functionally related to a fumaric acid.", "Monomethyl fumarate is a natural product found in Fumaria indica, Tagetes minuta, and other organisms with data available."]], ["Sordinol", "C1CN(CCN1CC/C=C/2\\C3=CC=CC=C3SC4=C2C=C(C=C4)Cl)CCO", ["A thioxanthene with therapeutic actions similar to the phenothiazine antipsychotics. It is an antagonist at D1 and D2 dopamine receptors."]], ["Lewisite", "C(=C/[As](Cl)Cl)\\Cl", ["Lewisite is an oily, colorless liquid with an odor like geraniums. Mustard-Lewisite Mixture is a liquid with a garlic-like odor. Mustard-Lewisite is a mixture of Lewisite and a sulfur mustard known as HD. Lewisite might have been used as a chemical weapon by Japan against Chinese forces in the 1930s, but such reports have not been confirmed. Any stored Lewisite in the United States must be destroyed before April 2007, as mandated by the Chemical Weapons Convention.", "When pure, a colorless oily liquid solidifying at -13 \u00b0C. Impurities cause colors ranging from brown to violet. Faint odor of geranium. Irritating to the eyes and mucous membranes at concentrations below the threshold of odor. Very toxic; used as a war gas. Produces severe vesication (blistering) even through rubber (Merck); absorbed through the skin to produce seven systemic effects. Antidote: dimercaprol (British Anti-Lewisite). Prolonged exposure of container to fire or intense heat may result in violent rupturing and rocketing of container.", "lewisite is a mineral.", "Lewisite is a organoarsenic compound which belongs to the group of chemical warfare agents known as blister agents or vesicants. Due to its toxicity, it is nowadays considered obsolete. Arsenic is a chemical element that has the symbol As and atomic number 33. It is a poisonous metalloid that has many allotropic forms: yellow (molecular non-metallic) and several black and grey forms (metalloids) are a few that are seen. Three metalloidal forms of arsenic with different crystal structures are found free in nature (the minerals arsenopyrite and the much rarer arsenolamprite and pararsenolamprite), but it is more commonly found as a compound with other elements.  (T3, L362)"]], ["Cinoxate", "CCOCCOC(=O)/C=C/C1=CC=C(C=C1)OC", ["2-ethoxyethyl-p-methoxycinnamate is a viscous clear to pale yellow liquid. Insoluble in water. (NTP, 1992)"]], ["Xantocillin", "[C-]#[N+]/C(=C\\C1=CC=C(C=C1)O)/C(=C/C2=CC=C(C=C2)O)/[N+]#[C-]", ["Xantocillin is a natural product found in Aspergillus cejpii and Penicillium italicum with data available.", "Xantocillin is a chemical compound of cyanide."]], ["Dantrium", "C1C(=O)NC(=O)N1/N=C\\C2=CC=C(O2)C3=CC=C(C=C3)[N+](=O)[O-]", ["Crystals (in aqueous DMF). (NTP, 1992)", "Dantrolene is a muscle relaxant used for treatment of chronic spasticity that differs from other commonly used muscle relaxants in acting peripherally on muscle, rather than centrally on the spinal cord or brain. Dantrolene can cause acute liver injury which can be severe and even fatal.", "Dantrolene is a hydantoin derivative and direct-acting skeletal muscle relaxant. Dantrolene depresses excitation-contraction coupling in skeletal muscle by binding to the ryanodine receptor 1, and decreasing intracellular calcium concentration. Ryanodine receptors mediate the release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, an essential step in muscle contraction.", "Skeletal muscle relaxant that acts by interfering with excitation-contraction coupling in the muscle fiber. It is used in spasticity and other neuromuscular abnormalities. Although the mechanism of action is probably not central, dantrolene is usually grouped with the central muscle relaxants."]], ["7-Hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-8-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]chromen-4-one", "C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=COC3=C(C2=O)C=CC(=C3C4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O", ["1,5-Anhydro-1-[7-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxo-4H-chromen-8-yl]hexitol is an isoflavonoid and a C-glycosyl compound.", "7-Hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-8-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]chromen-4-one is a natural product found in Pueraria montana var. thomsonii, Pueraria montana var. lobata, and Thomsonaria thomsonii with data available."]], ["2-(3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl)-2-hydroxyethyl (9E)-octadec-9-enoate", "CCCCCCCC/C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(C1C(C(CO1)O)O)O", ["Sorbitan oleate is a fatty acid ester.", "Sorbitan oleate is an emulsifier and clarification agent in food preparations (sugar liquor or juice) \n\nSorbitan oleate belongs to the family of Pentoses. These are monosaccharides in which the carbohydrate moiety contains five carbon atoms."]], ["(2Z,4E,6Z,8E,10E,12E,14Z)-2,6,11,15-tetramethylhexadeca-2,4,6,8,10,12,14-heptaenedioic acid", "C/C(=C\\C=C\\C=C(\\C)/C=C/C=C(/C)\\C(=O)O)/C=C/C=C(/C)\\C(=O)O", ["(2Z,4E,6Z,8E,10E,12E,14Z)-2,6,11,15-tetramethylhexadeca-2,4,6,8,10,12,14-heptaenedioic acid is a natural product found in Gardenia jasminoides and Crocus sativus with data available."]], ["Strontium chloride SR-89", "[Cl-].[Cl-].[89Sr+2]", ["Strontium chloride (Sr-89), initially FDA-approved in 1993, is used as a paliative therapeutic option to help relieve the pain from bone metastases. Strontium chloride is mainly used in cases of metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer. Bone metastases is a common and severe complication presented in advanced stages of the disease. It is usually presented mainly in patients with prostatic and breast cancer, as well as in cancer of lung, bladder and thyroid. There has been some cases of apparent tumor regression which has given it a potential tumoricidal effect.", "Strontium Chloride Sr-89 is the chloride salt of a radioactive isotope of strontium. Strontium chloride Sr 89 is taken up and incorporated preferentially in metastatic lesions in bone where it emits cytotoxic beta radiation, resulting in an inhibition and/or reduction of tumor growth and so tumor-related bone pain. (NCI04)"]], ["Strontium-89", "[89Sr]", ["Strontium Sr-89 is a radioisotope of strontium, a heavy metal found naturally as a non-radioactive element.  With a half-life of 50 days, strontium-89 is a beta emitter that is metabolized much like calcium.  This agent is preferentially absorbed by osteoblastic bone metastases. (NCI04)"]], ["Sanglifehrin A", "CC[C@H]1C[C@@H]([C@@]2([C@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O2)C[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC/C=C/C=C(\\C)/[C@@H]3C/C=C/C=C/[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N4CCC[C@H](N4)C(=O)O3)CC5=CC(=CC=C5)O)C(C)C)CCC(=O)C)O)C)O)O)C)O)C)NC1=O)C", ["Sanglifehrin A is a natural product found in Streptomyces with data available."]], ["Quinupristin", "CC[C@@H]1C(=O)N2CCC[C@H]2C(=O)N([C@H](C(=O)N3C[C@H](C(=O)C[C@H]3C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)O[C@@H]([C@@H](C(=O)N1)NC(=O)C4=C(C=CC=N4)O)C)C5=CC=CC=C5)CS[C@@H]6CN7CCC6CC7)CC8=CC=C(C=C8)N(C)C)C", ["Quinupristin/dalfopristin is a combination of two antibiotics used to treat infections by staphylococci and by vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium. Dalfopristin inhibits the early phase of protein synthesis in the bacterial ribosome and quinupristin inhibits the late phase of protein synthesis. The combination of the two components acts synergistically and is more effective in vitro than each component alone.", "Quinupristin is a Streptogramin Antibacterial.", "Quinupristin is a semi-synthetic derivative of pristinamycin, a natural occurring type B streptogramin. Quinupristin binds to the bacterial 50S ribosomal subunit, thereby inhibiting peptide chain elongation, and causing early termination of normal bacterial protein synthesis. Quinupristin is primarily effective against gram-positive cocci."]], ["Onco TCS", "CC[C@@]1(C[C@H]2C[C@@](C3=C(CCN(C2)C1)C4=CC=CC=C4N3)(C5=C(C=C6C(=C5)[C@]78CCN9[C@H]7[C@@](C=CC9)([C@H]([C@@]([C@@H]8N6C=O)(C(=O)OC)O)OC(=O)C)CC)OC)C(=O)OC)O", ["Vincristine appears as a white crystalline solid. Melting point 218 \u00b0C. Used as an antineoplastic.", "Vincristine is an antitumor vinca alkaloid isolated from Vinca Rosea. It is marketed under several brand names, many of which have different formulations such as Marqibo (liposomal injection) and Vincasar. Vincristine is indicated for the treatment of acute leukaemia, malignant lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease, acute erythraemia, and acute panmyelosis. vincristine sulfate is often chosen as part of polychemotherapy because of lack of significant bone\u2013marrow suppression (at recommended doses) and of unique clinical toxicity (neuropathy).", "Vincristine is a Vinca Alkaloid.", "Leurocristine is a natural product found in Catharanthus roseus with data available.", "Vincristine is a natural alkaloid isolated from the plant Vinca rosea Linn. Vincristine binds irreversibly to microtubules and spindle proteins in S phase of the cell cycle and interferes with the formation of the mitotic spindle, thereby arresting tumor cells in metaphase. This agent also depolymerizes microtubules and may also interfere with amino acid, cyclic AMP, and glutathione metabolism; calmodulin-dependent Ca++ -transport ATPase activity; cellular respiration; and nucleic acid and lipid biosynthesis. (NCI04)", "An antitumor alkaloid isolated from VINCA ROSEA. (Merck, 11th ed.)"]], ["Nitrofurazone", "C1=C(OC(=C1)[N+](=O)[O-])/C=N/NC(=O)N", ["Nitrofurazone appears as odorless pale yellow needles or yellow powder. pH (saturated aqueous solution) 6.0 - 6.5. Alkaline solutions are dark orange. (NTP, 1992)", "Nitrofurazone is a semicarbazone resulting from the formal condensation of semicarbazide with 5-nitrofuraldehyde. A broad spectrum antibacterial drug, although with little activity against Pseudomonas species, it is used as a local application for burns, ulcers, wounds and skin infections. It has a role as an antibacterial drug. It is a semicarbazone and a nitrofuran antibiotic.", "Nitrofural or nitrofurazone is a topical anti-infective agent effective against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. It is used for superficial wounds, burns, ulcers, and skin infections. Nitrofural has also been administered orally in the treatment of trypanosomiasis.  Except for topical drug products formulated for dermatologic application, the FDA withdrew its approval for the use of drug products containing nitrofurazone.", "A topical anti-infective agent effective against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. It is used for superficial wounds, burns, ulcers, and skin infections. Nitrofurazone has also been administered orally in the treatment of trypanosomiasis. ", "A topical anti-infective agent effective against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. It is used for superficial WOUNDS AND INJURIES and skin infections. Nitrofurazone has also been administered orally in the treatment of TRYPANOSOMIASIS."]], ["Relaxan", "CC[N+](CC)(CC)CCOC1=C(C(=CC=C1)OCC[N+](CC)(CC)CC)OCC[N+](CC)(CC)CC.[I-]", ["A synthetic nondepolarizing blocking drug. The actions of gallamine triethiodide are similar to those of TUBOCURARINE, but this agent blocks the cardiac vagus and may cause sinus tachycardia and, occasionally, hypertension and increased cardiac output. It should be used cautiously in patients at risk from increased heart rate but may be preferred for patients with bradycardia. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p198)"]], ["Amikacin sulfate(5:9)", "C1[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]1NC(=O)[C@H](CCN)O)O[C@@H]2[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O2)CO)O)N)O)O)O[C@@H]3[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O3)CN)O)O)O)N.OS(=O)(=O)O", ["Amikacin Sulfate is the sulfate salt of amikacin, a broad-spectrum semi-synthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic, derived from kanamycin with antimicrobial property. Amikacin irreversibly binds to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, specifically in contact with 16S rRNA and S12 protein within the 30S subunit. This leads to interference with translational initiation complex and misreading of mRNA, thereby hampering protein synthesis and resulting in bactericidal effect. This agent is usually used in short-term treatment of serious infections due to susceptible strains of Gram-negative bacteria.", "A broad-spectrum antibiotic derived from KANAMYCIN. It is reno- and oto-toxic like the other aminoglycoside antibiotics."]], ["(2S,3R,5R,10R,13R)-2,3,14-trihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-17-[(2R)-2,3,6-trihydroxy-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-2,3,4,5,9,11,12,15,16,17-decahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-6-one", "C[C@]12CCC3C(=CC(=O)[C@H]4[C@@]3(C[C@@H]([C@@H](C4)O)O)C)C1(CCC2[C@](C)(C(CCC(C)(C)O)O)O)O", ["A steroid hormone that regulates the processes of MOLTING or ecdysis in insects. Ecdysterone is the 20-hydroxylated ECDYSONE."]], ["[(1R,2S,7S,9S,11S)-1,2,5-Trimethylspiro[8-oxatricyclo[7.2.1.02,7]dodec-5-ene-12,2'-oxirane]-11-yl] acetate", "CC1=C[C@H]2[C@@](CC1)([C@@]3([C@H](C[C@@H](C34CO4)O2)OC(=O)C)C)C", ["Antifungal metabolite from several fungi, mainly Trichoderma viride; inhibits protein synthesis by binding to ribosomes; proposed as antifungal and antineoplastic; used as tool in cellular biochemistry."]], ["Sinomenine", "CN1CC[C@@]23CC(=O)C(=C[C@@H]2[C@@H]1CC4=C3C(=C(C=C4)OC)O)OC", ["Sinomenine is a morphinane alkaloid.", "Sinomenine is a natural product found in Sinomenium acutum, Stephania cephalantha, and other organisms with data available.", "Sinomenine is an alkaloid isolated from the root of Sinomenium acutum with immunomodulatory and potential anti-angiogenic and activities. Although the mechanism of action remains to be fully elucidated, sinomenine appears to inhibit endothelial proliferation mediated through basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), which may contribute to its anti-angiogenic effect. In Chinese medicine, this agent has a long track-record in treating arthritis, which is accounted by its ability to inhibit proliferation of synovial fibroblasts and lymphocytes. In addition, sinomenine has been shown to suppress expressions of genes involved in inflammation and apoptosis, such as interleukin-6, a pleiotropic inflammatory cytokine and JAK3 (Janus kinase 3), Daxx (death-associated protein 6), plus HSP27 (heat shock 27kDa protein 1), respectively."]], ["Virginiamycin m1", "C[C@@H]1/C=C/C(=O)NC/C=C/C(=C/[C@H](CC(=O)CC2=NC(=CO2)C(=O)N3CCC=C3C(=O)O[C@@H]1C(C)C)O)/C", ["Pristinamycin IIA is a macrolide that is (together with pristinamycin IA) a component of pristinamycin, an oral streptogramin antibiotic produced by Streptomyces pristinaespiralis. Pristinamycin exhibits bactericidal activity against Gram positive organisms including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. It has a role as an antibacterial drug and a Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite. It is a lactam, a macrolide, a member of 1,3-oxazoles, a pyrroline, an enamide, a secondary alcohol, a cyclic ketone, a macrolide antibiotic, a tertiary carboxamide and a secondary carboxamide.", "Pristinamycin IIA is a macrolide antibiotic, a member of the streptogramin A group of antibiotics, and one component of pristinamycin. It is produced by Streptomyces graminofaciens and other bacteria.", "Virginiamycin m1 is a natural product found in Micromonospora, Streptomyces pristinaespiralis, and Apis cerana with data available.", "Streptogramin A is a streptomycin A-related cyclic depsipeptide isolated from the bacterium Streptomyces virginiae and other Streptomyces bacterial species.  Virginiamycin M1 binds to and inhibits assembly of 50S and 30S ribosomes, thereby preventing protein synthesis. (NCI04)", "A specific streptogramin group A antibiotic produced by Streptomyces graminofaciens and other bacteria."]], ["1,2-Dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCC", ["1,2-di-O-myristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine where the two phosphatidyl acyl groups are specified as tetradecanoyl (myristoyl). It has a role as an antigen and a mouse metabolite. It is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, a phosphatidylcholine 28:0 and a tetradecanoate ester.", "Dimyristoyl Lecithin is a myristoylated phosphatidylcholine, and a synthetic phospholipid used in liposomes and lipid bilayers with drug delivery property.", "A synthetic phospholipid used in liposomes and lipid bilayers for the study of biological membranes."]], ["Cob(II)alamin", "CC1=CC2=C(C=C1C)N(C=N2)[C@@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O3)CO)OP(=O)([O-])O[C@H](C)CNC(=O)CC[C@@]\\4([C@H]([C@@H]5[C@]6([C@@]([C@@H](C(=N6)/C(=C\\7/[C@@]([C@@H](C(=N7)/C=C\\8/C([C@@H](C(=N8)/C(=C4\\[N-]5)/C)CCC(=O)N)(C)C)CCC(=O)N)(C)CC(=O)N)/C)CCC(=O)N)(C)CC(=O)N)C)CC(=O)N)C)O.[Co]", ["Cob(II)alamin is a cobalamin in which the central cobalt atom has an oxidation state of +2. It has a role as a human metabolite and a cofactor.", "Cob(I)alamin is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).", "Cob(II)alamin is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).", "vitamin B12 is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).", "Cobalamin is an essential nutrient and natural water-soluble vitamin of the B-complex family that must combine with an intrinsic factor for absorption by the intestine, Vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin) is necessary for hematopoiesis, neural metabolism, DNA and RNA production, and carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism. B12 improves iron functions in the metabolic cycle and assists folic acid in choline synthesis. B12 metabolism is interconnected with that of folic acid. Vitamin B12 deficiency causes pernicious anemia, megaloblastic anemia, and neurologic lesions."]], ["Glycyrrhizinate(3-)", "C[C@]12CC[C@](C[C@H]1C3=CC(=O)[C@@H]4[C@]5(CC[C@@H](C([C@@H]5CC[C@]4([C@@]3(CC2)C)C)(C)C)O[C@@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)C(=O)[O-])O)O)O[C@H]7[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O7)C(=O)[O-])O)O)O)C)(C)C(=O)[O-]", ["Glycyrrhizinate(3-) is a tricarboxylic acid trianion that is the conjugate base of glycyrrhizinic acid. It is a conjugate base of a glycyrrhizinic acid.", "Glycyrrhizin is a saponin-like compound that provides the main sweet flavor for Glycyrrhiza glabra (licorice), with potential immunomodulating, anti-inflammatory, hepato- and neuro-protective, and antineoplastic activities. Glycyrrhizin modulates certain enzymes involved in inflammation and oxidative stress, and downregulates certain pro-inflammatory mediators, thereby protecting against inflammation- and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced damage. Glycerrhizin may also suppress the growth of susceptible tumor cells.", "A widely used anti-inflammatory agent isolated from the licorice root. It is metabolized to GLYCYRRHETINIC ACID, which inhibits 11-BETA-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASES and other enzymes involved in the metabolism of CORTICOSTEROIDS. Therefore, glycyrrhizic acid, which is the main and sweet component of licorice, has been investigated for its ability to cause hypermineralocorticoidism with sodium retention and potassium loss, edema, increased blood pressure, as well as depression of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system."]], ["Lipoate", "C1CSSC1CCCCC(=O)[O-]", ["Lipoate is a thia fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of lipoic acid; major species at pH 7.3. It has a role as a human metabolite and a fundamental metabolite. It is functionally related to an octanoate. It is a conjugate base of a lipoic acid.", "lipoate is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655)."]], ["L-threonic acid", "C([C@@H]([C@H](C(=O)O)O)O)O", ["L-threonic acid is the L-enantiomer of threonic acid. It has a role as a plant metabolite, a Daphnia magna metabolite and an algal metabolite. It is a conjugate acid of a L-threonate. It is an enantiomer of a D-threonic acid.", "L-threonic acid is a natural product found in Lotus creticus, Lotus filicaulis, and other organisms with data available."]], ["Astatine", "[At][At]", ["Diastatine is an elemental astatine.", "Astatine. A radioactive halogen with the atomic symbol At, and atomic number 85. Its isotopes range in mass number from 200 to 219 and all have an extremely short half-life. Astatine may be of use in the treatment of hyperthyroidism because it emits ALPHA PARTICLES."]], ["Silver monochloride", "[Cl-].[Ag+]", ["Silver monochloride is a silver salt and an inorganic chloride."]], ["Disulfur", "S=S", ["Disulfur is a diatomic sulfur."]], ["Evalose", "C[C@H]([C@H]([C@@](C)([C@@H](C=O)O)O)O)O", ["Evalose is a deoxymannose derivative."]], ["Thallium-201", "[201Tl]", ["Thallium-201 is the radioactive isotope of thallium with relative atomic mass 200.9708 and half-life of 72.912 hours.", "Thallium Tl-201 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02697760 (The CZT Dynamic Myocardial Perfusion Imaging)."]], ["Butorphanol (+)-tartrate salt", "C1CC[C@]2([C@H]3CC4=C([C@]2(C1)CCN3CC5CCC5)C=C(C=C4)O)O.[C@@H]([C@H](C(=O)O)O)(C(=O)O)O", ["A synthetic morphinan analgesic with narcotic antagonist action. It is used in the management of severe pain."]], ["Calcarea iodata", "[Ca+2].[I-].[I-]", ["Calcium iodide is an organic molecular entity."]], ["Trierucin", "CCCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCC)COC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCC", ["Glyceryl Trierucate has been investigated for the treatment of Adrenoleukodystrophy."]], ["Barium(2+) difluoride", "[F-].[F-].[Ba+2]", ["Barium fluoride is a fluoride of barium that occurs naturally as the mineral frankdicksonite. It is used to make optical components such as lenses, in to production of welding agents, and in aluminum refining. Barium fluoride can also be used as a scintillator for the detection of X-rays and gamma rays. Barium is a metallic alkaline earth metal with the symbol Ba, and atomic number 56. It never occurs in nature in its pure form due to its reactivity with air, but combines with other chemicals such as sulfur or carbon and oxygen to form barium compounds that may be found as minerals. (L214, 408, L205)"]], ["Norlevorphanol", "C1CC[C@@]23CCN[C@@H]([C@@H]2C1)CC4=C3C=C(C=C4)O", ["Norlevorphanol is a natural product found in Papaver somniferum with data available."]], ["Drotebanol", "CN1CC[C@]23C[C@@H](CC[C@]2([C@H]1CC4=C3C(=C(C=C4)OC)OC)O)O", ["Oxymetebanol is an organic molecular entity."]], ["Nicocodine", "CN1CC[C@]23[C@@H]4[C@H]1CC5=C2C(=C(C=C5)OC)O[C@H]3[C@H](C=C4)OC(=O)C6=CN=CC=C6", ["Nicocodine is a morphinane alkaloid."]], ["Acetyldihydrocodeine", "CC(=O)O[C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3CC4=C5[C@]2([C@H]1OC5=C(C=C4)OC)CCN3C", ["Acetyldihydrocodeine is a morphinane alkaloid."]], ["Butorphanol tartrate", "C1CC[C@]2([C@H]3CC4=C([C@]2(C1)CCN3CC5CCC5)C=C(C=C4)O)O.[C@H]([C@@H](C(=O)O)O)(C(=O)O)O", ["Butorphanol D-tartrate is the (S,S)-tartaric acid salt of butorphanol. It is used for relief or moderate to severe pain. It has a role as a kappa-opioid receptor agonist, a mu-opioid receptor agonist and an opioid analgesic. It is a morphinane alkaloid and a tartrate salt. It contains a butorphanol.", "A synthetic morphinan analgesic with narcotic antagonist action. It is used in the management of severe pain."]], ["Naloxone hydrochloride", "C=CCN1CC[C@]23[C@@H]4C(=O)CC[C@]2([C@H]1CC5=C3C(=C(C=C5)O)O4)O.Cl", ["Naloxone hydrochloride is a hydrochloride resulting from the formal reaction of equimolar amounts of naloxone and hydrogen chloride. A specific opioid antagonist, it is used to reverse the effects of opioids, both following their use of opioids during surgery and in cases of known or suspected opioid overdose. It has a role as an antidote to opioid poisoning, a mu-opioid receptor antagonist and a central nervous system depressant. It contains a naloxone(1+).", "Naloxone Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt of naloxone, a thebaine derivate with opioid antagonist activity. Naloxone binds to opioid receptors in the CNS in a competitive manner, reversing or inhibiting characteristic opioid effects, including analgesia, euphoria, sedation, respiratory depression, miosis, bradycardia, and physical dependence. This agent binds to mu-opioid receptors with a high affinity, and a lesser degree to kappa- and gamma-opioid receptors.", "A specific opiate antagonist that has no agonist activity. It is a competitive antagonist at mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptors."]], ["Morphine hydrochloride", "CN1CC[C@]23[C@@H]4[C@H]1CC5=C2C(=C(C=C5)O)O[C@H]3[C@H](C=C4)O.Cl", ["Morphine hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt of morphine. It contains a morphine.", "The principal alkaloid in opium and the prototype opiate analgesic and narcotic. Morphine has widespread effects in the central nervous system and on smooth muscle."]], ["Morphine sulphate", "CN1CC[C@]23[C@@H]4[C@H]1CC5=C2C(=C(C=C5)O)O[C@H]3[C@H](C=C4)O.OS(=O)(=O)O", ["Morphine Sulfate is the sulfate salt of morphine, an opiate alkaloid isolated from the plant Papaver somniferum and produced synthetically. Morphine binds to and activates specific opiate receptors (delta, mu and kappa), each of which are involved in controlling different brain functions. In the central nervous and gastrointestinal systems, this agent has widespread effects including analgesia, anxiolysis, euphoria, sedation, respiratory depression, and gastrointestinal system smooth muscle contraction.", "The principal alkaloid in opium and the prototype opiate analgesic and narcotic. Morphine has widespread effects in the central nervous system and on smooth muscle."]], ["Imidapril", "CCOC(=O)[C@H](CCC1=CC=CC=C1)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N2[C@@H](CN(C2=O)C)C(=O)O", ["Imidapril is a member of the class of imidazolidines that is (4S)-1-methyl-2-oxoimidazolidine-4-carboxylic acid in which the hydrogen of the imidazolidine nitrogen has been substituted by (1S)-1-{[(2S)-1-ethoxy-1-oxo-4-phenylbutan-2-yl]amino}ethyl group. It is the prodrug for imidaprilat, an ACE inhibitor used for the treatment of chronic heart failure. It has a role as an antihypertensive agent, an EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor and a prodrug. It is a dipeptide, a member of imidazolidines, a dicarboxylic acid monoester, a secondary amino compound, an ethyl ester and a N-acylurea.", "Imidapril has been investigated for the treatment of Kidney, Polycystic, Autosomal Dominant.", "Imidapril is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor with antihypertensive activity. As a prodrug, imidapril is converted by hydrolysis in the liver into its active form imidaprilat. Imidaprilat competitively binds to and inhibits ACE, thereby blocking the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II. This prevents the potent vasoconstrictive actions of angiotensin II and results in vasodilation. Imidaprilat also decreases angiotensin II-induced aldosterone secretion by the adrenal cortex, which leads to an increase in sodium excretion and subsequently increases water outflow."]], ["7-[(4E)-3-(aminomethyl)-4-methoxyiminopyrrolidin-1-yl]-1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-4-oxo-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carboxylic acid", "CO/N=C\\1/CN(CC1CN)C2=C(C=C3C(=O)C(=CN(C3=N2)C4CC4)C(=O)O)F", ["7-[3-(aminomethyl)-4-methoxyimino-1-pyrrolidinyl]-1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-4-oxo-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carboxylic acid is a naphthyridine derivative."]], ["5-[(E)-2-bromoethenyl]-1-[(1R,3R,4R)-3-hydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)cyclopentyl]pyrimidine-2,4-dione", "C1[C@H](C[C@H]([C@H]1CO)O)N2C=C(C(=O)NC2=O)/C=C/Br", ["Methylmercuric chloride is an organomercuric compound. Mercury is a heavy, silvery d-block metal and one of six elements that are liquid at or near room temperature and pressure. It is a naturally occuring substance, and combines with other elements such as chlorine, sulfur, or oxygen to form inorganic mercury compounds (salts). Mercury also combines with carbon to make organic mercury compounds. (L1)"]], ["Sulindac sulfone", "CC\\1=C(C2=C(/C1=C\\C3=CC=C(C=C3)S(=O)(=O)C)C=CC(=C2)F)CC(=O)O", ["Sulindac sulfone is a sulfone metabolite of sulindac that inhibits cell growth by inducing apoptosis independently of cyclooxygenase inhibition. It inhibits the development and induces regression of premalignant adenomatous polyps. Lipoxygenase and Cox-2 inhibitor. It has a role as a cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor, an EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor and an apoptosis inducer. It is a sulfone, a monocarboxylic acid and an organofluorine compound. It is functionally related to a sulindac.", "Exisulind is an inactive metabolite of the nonsteroidal, anti-inflammatory agent sulindac.  After oral administration, sulindac undergoes extensive biotransformation including irreversible oxidation to sulindac sulfone.  Approximately, one half of an administered dose of sulindac is eliminated through the urine, mostly as the conjugated sulfone metabolite. (NCI04)"]], ["Josacine", "CC1C/C=C/C=C\\C(C(CC(C(C(C(CC(=O)O1)OC(=O)C)OC)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)C)OC3CC(C(C(O3)C)OC(=O)CC(C)C)(C)O)N(C)C)O)CC=O)C)O", ["A macrolide antibiotic from Streptomyces narbonensis. The drug has antimicrobial activity against a wide spectrum of pathogens."]], ["9,10-Anthracenedicarboxaldehyde, bis((4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)hydrazone)-", "C1NC(=NC1)N/N=C\\C2=C3C(=C(C4=CC=CC=C24)/C=N\\NC5=NCCN5)C=CC=C3", ["Bisantrene is an anthracenyl bishydrazone with antineoplastic activity. Bisantrene intercalates with and disrupts the configuration of DNA, resulting in DNA single-strand breaks, DNA-protein crosslinking, and inhibition of DNA replication.  This agent is similar to doxorubicin in activity, but unlike doxorubicin, does not exhibit cardiotoxicity. (NCI04)"]], ["Apocarotenal", "CC1=C(C(CCC1)(C)C)/C=C/C(=C/C=C/C(=C/C=C/C=C(\\C)/C=C/C=C(\\C)/C=O)/C)/C", ["8'-apo-beta,psi-caroten-8'-al is an apo carotenoid triterpenoid compound arising from oxidative degradation of the beta,beta-carotene skeleton at the 8'-position. It is an enal and an apo carotenoid triterpenoid.", "Apocarotenal is a natural product found in Dracaena draco, Palisota barteri, and other organisms with data available."]], ["Cephotaxime", "CC(=O)OCC1=C(N2[C@@H]([C@@H](C2=O)NC(=O)/C(=N/OC)/C3=CSC(=N3)N)SC1)C(=O)O", ["(6R,7R)-3-(acetyloxymethyl)-7-[[2-(2-amino-4-thiazolyl)-2-methoxyimino-1-oxoethyl]amino]-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid is a cephalosporin.", "Semisynthetic broad-spectrum cephalosporin."]], ["Pafuramidine", "CO/N=C(\\N)/C1=CC=C(C=C1)C2=CC=C(O2)C3=CC=C(C=C3)/C(=N/OC)/N", ["Pafuramidine, a prodrug of furamidine, currently has orphan status for Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia."]], ["Tenofovir disoproxil", "C[C@H](CN1C=NC2=C(N=CN=C21)N)OCP(=O)(OCOC(=O)OC(C)C)OCOC(=O)OC(C)C", ["Tenofovir disoproxil is an organic phosphonate that is the disoproxil ester of tenofovir. A prodrug for tenofovir, an HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor, tenofovir disoproxil is used as the fumaric acid salt in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV infection. It has a role as a prodrug, a HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor and an antiviral drug. It is functionally related to a tenofovir (anhydrous).", "Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (a prodrug of tenofovir), marketed by Gilead Sciences under the trade name Viread, belongs to a class of antiretroviral drugs known as nucleotide analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors (nRTIs).  This drug is prescribed in combination with other drugs for the management of HIV infection as well as for Hepatitis B therapy. Tenofovir disoproxil was initially approved in 2001.", "An adenine analog REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITOR with antiviral activity against HIV-1 and HEPATITIS B. It is used to treat HIV INFECTIONS and CHRONIC HEPATITIS B, in combination with other ANTIVIRAL AGENTS, due to the emergence of ANTIVIRAL DRUG RESISTANCE when it is used alone."]], ["Indinavir hydrate", "CC(C)(C)NC(=O)[C@@H]1CN(CCN1C[C@H](C[C@@H](CC2=CC=CC=C2)C(=O)N[C@@H]3[C@@H](CC4=CC=CC=C34)O)O)CC5=CN=CC=C5.O", ["Indinavir is a synthetic hydroxyaminopentane amide agent that selectively inhibits the protease of both human immunodeficiency virus 1 and 2. The incorporation of a basic amine into the hydroxyethylene backbone improves its aqueous solubility and its oral bioavailability.", "A potent and specific HIV protease inhibitor that appears to have good oral bioavailability."]], ["Strontium-90", "[90Sr]", ["Strontium Sr-90 is a radioactive isotope of the heavy metal strontium, Strontium-90 is a by-product of uranium and plutonium fission. SR-90 is linked to bone, and other, cancers. Acting chemically in vivo like calcium, it tends to concentrate in bones and teeth. Used as a radioactive tracer in medical and agricultural studies, controlled amounts of strontium-90 have also been used as a treatment for bone cancer. (NCI04)", "Strontium is a naturally occurring element found in rocks, soil, dust, coal, and oil. Strontium-90 is a radioactive isotope of strontium (Sr) with a half-life of 28.8 years. Strontium-90 is a product of nuclear fission and is obtained during nuclear reprocessing of spent nuclear fuel and is a beta-emitter. Strontium 90 is extensively used in medicine and industry. Strontium-90 is a radioactivity hazard and is linked to cancers. (L1135, L1839)"]], ["Troxerutin", "C[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O1)OC[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O2)OC3=C(OC4=CC(=CC(=C4C3=O)O)OCCO)C5=CC(=C(C=C5)OCCO)OCCO)O)O)O)O)O)O", ["Troxerutin has been used in trials studying the treatment of Chronic Venous Insufficiency."]], ["Talaporfin", "CCC1=C(C2=CC3=C(C(=C(N3)C=C4[C@H]([C@@H](C(=N4)C(=C5C(=C(C(=N5)C=C1N2)C)C(=O)O)CC(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)O)C(=O)O)CCC(=O)O)C)C)C=C)C", ["Talaporfin is a member of chlorins.", "Talaporfin has been investigated for the treatment of Port-Wine Stain and Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia."]], ["Capuramycin", "CO[C@H]1[C@H]([C@@H](O[C@@H]1[C@H](C(=O)N)O[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@H](C=C(O2)C(=O)N[C@H]3CCCCNC3=O)O)O)N4C=CC(=O)NC4=O)O", ["Capuramycin is a natural product found in Streptomyces griseus with data available."]], ["Talaporfin sodium", "CCC1=C(C2=CC3=C(C(=C(N3)C=C4[C@H]([C@@H](C(=N4)C(=C5C(=C(C(=N5)C=C1N2)C)C(=O)[O-])CC(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)[O-])C(=O)[O-])CCC(=O)[O-])C)C)C=C)C.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+]", ["LS11(talaporfin sodium) is an agent consisting of chlorin e6, derived from chlorophyll, and L-aspartic acid with photosensitizing activity. After intratumoral activation by light emitting diodes, taporfin sodium forms an extended high energy conformational state that generates singlet oxygen, resulting in free radical-mediated cell death. It is used to treat many kinds of cancers.", "Talaporfin Sodium is an agent consisting of chlorin e6, derived from chlorophyll, and L-aspartic acid with photosensitizing activity.  After intratumoral activation by light emitting diodes, taporfin sodium forms an extended high energy conformational state that generates singlet oxygen, resulting in free radical-mediated cell death. (NCI04)"]], ["Ceftazidime sodium", "CC(C)(C(=O)[O-])O/N=C(/C1=CSC(=N1)N)\\C(=O)N[C@H]2[C@@H]3N(C2=O)C(=C(CS3)C[N+]4=CC=CC=C4)C(=O)[O-].[Na+]", ["Ceftazidime sodium is an organic sodium salt that is the nmonosodium salt of ceftazidime, a cephalosporin having 7beta-[(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-{[(2-carboxypropan-2-yl)oxy]imino}acetyl]amino and 3-pyridinium-1-ylmethyl side-groups. It contains a ceftazidime.", "Ceftazidime Sodium is the sodium salt of ceftazidime, a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with bactericidal activity. Ceftazidime binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), enzymes located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall, resulting in the weakening of the bacterial cell wall and cell lysis. Compared to the second and first generation cephalosporins, ceftazidime is more active against gram-negative bacteria and less active against gram-positive bacteria. Ceftazidine also crosses the blood-brain barrier and reaches therapeutic concentrations in the central nervous system (CNS). PBPs participate in the terminal stages of assembling the bacterial cell wall, and in reshaping the cell wall during cell division. Inactivation of PBPs interferes with the cross-linkage of peptidoglycan chains necessary for bacterial cell wall strength and rigidity.", "Semisynthetic, broad-spectrum antibacterial derived from CEPHALORIDINE and used especially for Pseudomonas and other gram-negative infections in debilitated patients."]], ["(-)-Cafedrine", "C[C@@H]([C@@H](C1=CC=CC=C1)O)NCCN2C=NC3=C2C(=O)N(C(=O)N3C)C", ["Cafedrine is an oxopurine.", "Cafedrine is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01311414 (Effect of Cafedrine/Theodrenaline and Urapidil on Cerebral Oxygenation)."]], ["Cefepime conjugate acid", "C[N+]1(CCCC1)CC2=C(N3[C@@H]([C@@H](C3=O)NC(=O)/C(=N\\OC)/C4=CSC(=N4)N)SC2)C(=O)O", ["Cefepime(1+) is the conjugate acid of cefepime. It is a conjugate acid of a cefepime.", "Cefepime is a semisynthetic, broad-spectrum, fourth-generation cephalosporin with antibacterial activity. Cefepime binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall. PBPs are enzymes involved in the terminal stages of assembling the bacterial cell wall and in reshaping the cell wall during growth and division. Inactivation of PBPs interferes with the cross-linkage of peptidoglycan chains necessary for bacterial cell wall strength and rigidity. This results in the weakening of the bacterial cell wall and causes cell lysis.", "A fourth-generation cephalosporin antibacterial agent that is used in the treatment of infections, including those of the abdomen, urinary tract, respiratory tract, and skin. It is effective against PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA and may also be used in the empiric treatment of FEBRILE NEUTROPENIA."]], ["Cesium Cs-131", "[131Cs]", ["Cesium Cs-131 is an unstable radioisotope of cesium (Cs) with radiocytotoxic application. Cs-131 is a gamma photon-emitting radionuclide with high energy and a relatively short half-life of 9.7 days. When used in prostate brachytherapy, Cs-131 demonstrated advantages over other commonly used isotopes."]], ["2-(8-Hydroxy-6-methoxy-1-oxo-1H-isochromen-3-yl)propionic acid", "CC(C1=CC2=CC(=CC(=C2C(=O)O1)O)OC)C(=O)O", ["NM-3 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Neoplasms.", "2-(8-Hydroxy-6-methoxy-1-oxo-1H-isochromen-3-yl)propionic acid is a natural product found in Streptomyces eurocidicus with data available.", "Isocoumarin NM-3 is an orally bioavailable antiangiogenic isocoumarin with potential antineoplastic activity.  NM-3 inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a pro-angiogenic growth factor, thereby inhibiting endothelial cell proliferation.  This agent also induces apoptosis by a mechanism involving reactive oxygen species. (NCI04)"]], ["Pyridone 6", "CC(C)(C)C1=NC2=C(N1)C3=C(C=C(C=C3)F)C4=C2C=CNC4=O", ["2-tert-butyl-9-fluoro-1,6-dihydrobenzo[h]imidazo[4,5-f]isoquinolin-7-one is an organic heterotetracyclic compound that is 1,6-dihydrobenzo[h]imidazo[4,5-f]isoquinolin-7-one bearing additional tert-butyl and fluoro substituents at positions 2 and 9 respectively. It has a role as an EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor. It is an organic heterotetracyclic compound and an organofluorine compound.", "JAK Inhibitor is any agent that targets, binds to and inhibits the activity of one or more of the Janus kinase family of enzymes."]], ["Tozasertib", "CC1=CC(=NN1)NC2=CC(=NC(=N2)SC3=CC=C(C=C3)NC(=O)C4CC4)N5CCN(CC5)C", ["N-[4-[[4-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-6-[(5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)amino]-2-pyrimidinyl]thio]phenyl]cyclopropanecarboxamide is a N-arylpiperazine."]], ["Otamixaban", "C[C@H]([C@@H](CC1=CC(=CC=C1)C(=N)N)C(=O)OC)NC(=O)C2=CC=C(C=C2)C3=CC=[N+](C=C3)[O-]", ["Otamixaban is a novel direct Factor Xa (FXa) inhibitor. It is currently being developed by the French pharmaceutical company Sanofi-Aventis as a treatment for acute coronary syndrome.", "Otamixaban is an inhibitor of coagulation factor Xa (activated factor X) with anticoagulant activity. Otamixaban has a short half-life of 1.5 to 3 hours."]], ["(1S,2R,5S,7R,8R,9R,11R,13R,14R)-8-[(2S,3R,4S,6R)-4-(dimethylamino)-3-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-2-ethyl-9-methoxy-1,5,7,9,11,13-hexamethyl-15-[4-(4-pyridin-3-ylimidazol-1-yl)butyl]-3,17-dioxa-15-azabicyclo[12.3.0]heptadecane-4,6,12,16-tetrone", "CC[C@@H]1[C@@]2([C@@H]([C@H](C(=O)[C@@H](C[C@@]([C@@H]([C@H](C(=O)[C@@H](C(=O)O1)C)C)O[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@H](C[C@H](O3)C)N(C)C)O)(C)OC)C)C)N(C(=O)O2)CCCCN4C=C(N=C4)C5=CN=CC=C5)C", ["Telithromycin is a ketolide, a novel form of macrolide antibiotic that is recommended for treatment of community acquired pneumonia. Telithromycin was approved for use in the United States in 2004 and subsequently linked to several cases of severe drug induced liver injury."]], ["1-Palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCC", ["1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is a phosphatidylcholine 34:1 in which the 1- and 2-acyl groups are specified as hexadecanoyl (palmitoyl) and 9Z-octadecenoyl (oleoyl) respectively. It has a role as a mouse metabolite. It is a phosphatidylcholine 34:1 and a 1-acyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine betaine. It is functionally related to a hexadecanoic acid and an oleic acid.", "1-Palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is a natural product found in Streptomyces roseicoloratus, Vitis vinifera, and other organisms with data available.", "PC(16:0/18:1(9Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["Monosialoganglioside GM1", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)NC(CO[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O1)CO)O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@H](O2)CO)O[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@H](O3)CO)O)O[C@H]4[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@H](O4)CO)O)O)O)NC(=O)C)O[C@@]5(C[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](O5)C(C(CO)O)O)NC(=O)C)O)C(=O)O)O)O)O)C(/C=C/CCCCCCCCCCCCC)O", ["A specific monosialoganglioside that accumulates abnormally within the nervous system due to a deficiency of GM1-b-galactosidase, resulting in GM1 gangliosidosis."]], ["Triolein", "CCCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(OC(=O)CCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCC)COC(=O)CCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCC", ["Triolein is a triglyceride formed by esterification of the three hydroxy groups of glycerol with oleic acid. Triolein is one of the two components of Lorenzo's oil. It has a role as a plant metabolite and a Caenorhabditis elegans metabolite. It is functionally related to an oleic acid.", "Glyceryl Trioleate has been investigated for the treatment of Adrenoleukodystrophy.", "Triolein is a natural product found in Sciadopitys verticillata, Aloe vera, and other organisms with data available.", "TG(18:1(9Z)/18:1(9Z)/18:1(9Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.", "(Z)-9-Octadecenoic acid 1,2,3-propanetriyl ester."]], ["Docosapentaenoic acid", "CC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCCC(=O)O", ["(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosapentaenoic acid is the all-cis-isomer of a C22 polyunsaturated fatty acid having five double bonds in the 7-, 10-, 13-, 16- and 19-positions. It has a role as a human metabolite and an algal metabolite. It is a docosapentaenoic acid and an omega-3 fatty acid. It is a conjugate acid of a (7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosapentaenoate.", "Docosapentaenoic acid is a natural product found in Caenorhabditis elegans and Homo sapiens with data available.", "Clupanodonic Acid is a polyunsaturated very long-chain fatty acid with a 22-carbon backbone and 5 double bonds, originating from the 3rd, 6th, 9th, 12th and 15th positions from the methyl end, with all double bonds in the cis- configuration."]], ["Pregna-2,4-dien-20-yno[2,3-d]isoxazol-17-ol, (17alpha)-", "C[C@]12CCC3C(C1CC[C@]2(C#C)O)CCC4=CC5=C(C[C@]34C)C=NO5", ["A synthetic steroid with antigonadotropic and anti-estrogenic activities that acts as an anterior pituitary suppressant by inhibiting the pituitary output of gonadotropins. It possesses some androgenic properties. Danazol has been used in the treatment of endometriosis and some benign breast disorders."]], ["dihydro-Streptomycin sulfate", "CC1[C@@](C([C@@H](O1)O[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]2O)O)N=C(N)N)O)N=C(N)N)OC3[C@H](C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)NC)(CO)O.OS(=O)(=O)O", ["Dihydrostreptomycin Sulfate is a semi-synthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic with bactericidal properties. Dihydrostreptomycin sulfate inhibits protein synthesis by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit. This antibiotic is active against most gram-positive and gram-negative organisms and is used in the treatment of tuberculosis and tulemia.", "A semi-synthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic that is used in the treatment of TUBERCULOSIS."]], ["2-[(1R,2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-3-(diaminomethylideneamino)-4-[(2R,4R)-3-[(3S)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-(methylamino)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)-5-methyloxolan-2-yl]oxy-2,5,6-trihydroxycyclohexyl]guanidine", "CC1[C@@](C([C@@H](O1)O[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]2O)O)N=C(N)N)O)N=C(N)N)OC3[C@H](C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)NC)(CO)O", ["Dihydrostreptomycin Sulfate is a semi-synthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic with bactericidal properties. Dihydrostreptomycin sulfate inhibits protein synthesis by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit. This antibiotic is active against most gram-positive and gram-negative organisms and is used in the treatment of tuberculosis and tulemia.", "A semi-synthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic that is used in the treatment of TUBERCULOSIS."]], ["N-(2,6-Dichlorobenzylidene)-N'-amidinohydrazine", "C1=CC(=C(C(=C1)Cl)/C=N/N=C(N)N)Cl", ["Guanabenz is a dichlorobenzene.", "Guanabenz is a Central alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonist. The mechanism of action of guanabenz is as an Adrenergic alpha2-Agonist.", "An alpha-2 selective adrenergic agonist used as an antihypertensive agent."]], ["Homatropin", "CN1[C@H]2CCC1CC(C2)OC(=O)C(C3=CC=CC=C3)O", ["2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetic acid [(5S)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl] ester is a tropane alkaloid.", "Homatropine is a synthetic tertiary amine alkaloid with antimuscarinic properties. Homatropine, a competitive inhibitor of acetylcholine at the muscarinic receptor, blocks parasympathetic nerve stimulation."]], ["[(5S)-8,8-dimethyl-8-azoniabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl] 2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetate;bromide", "C[N+]1([C@H]2CCC1CC(C2)OC(=O)C(C3=CC=CC=C3)O)C.[Br-]", ["Homatropine Methylbromide is the methylbromide salt of homatropine, a synthetic tertiary amine alkaloid with antimuscarinic properties. Homatropine methylbromide, a competitive inhibitor of acetylcholine at the muscarinic receptor, blocks parasympathetic nerve stimulation, thereby inhibiting pepsin and gastrin secretion. When administered in high doses, this drug produces inhibitory effects on acetylcholine activity, specifically on smooth muscle located in the gastrointestinal, biliary, and genitourinary tracts, resulting in an anti-spasmodic effect."]], ["(2S,4R)-N-[(1S,2S)-2-Hydroxy-1-[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methylsulfanyloxan-2-yl]propyl]-1-methyl-4-propylpyrrolidine-2-carboxamide;hydrochloride", "CCC[C@@H]1C[C@H](N(C1)C)C(=O)N[C@H]([C@@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](O2)SC)O)O)O)[C@H](C)O.Cl", ["Lincomycin Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of lincomycin, a lincosamide antibiotic originally identified in actinomycete Streptomyces lincolnensis with activity against gram-positive cocci and anaerobic bacteria.", "An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces lincolnensis var. lincolnensis. It has been used in the treatment of staphylococcal, streptococcal, and Bacteroides fragilis infections."]], ["(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-amino-2-(aminomethyl)-6-[(1R,2R,3S,4R,6S)-4,6-diamino-2-[(3R,4S,5R)-4-[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6S)-3-amino-6-(aminomethyl)-4,5-dihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy-3-hydroxycyclohexyl]oxyoxane-3,4-diol", "C1[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]1N)OC2[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O2)CN)O)O)N)OC3[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O3)CO)O[C@@H]4[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](O4)CN)O)O)N)O)O)N", ["Neomycin Sulfate is the sulfate salt form of neomycin, a broad spectrum aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from Streptomyces fradiae with antibacterial activity. Neomycin is an antibiotic complex consisting of 3 components: the two isomeric components B and C are the active components, and neomycin A is the minor component. Neomycin irreversibly binds to the 16S rRNA and S12 protein of the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit. As a result, this agent interferes with the assembly of initiation complex between mRNA and the bacterial ribosome, thereby inhibiting the initiation of protein synthesis. In addition, neomycin induces misreading of the mRNA template and causes translational frameshift, thereby results in premature termination. This eventually leads to bacterial cell death.", "Aminoglycoside antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces fradiae. It is composed of neomycins A, B, and C, and acts by inhibiting translation during protein synthesis."]], ["[(10R,13S,17R)-17-ethynyl-13-methyl-3-oxo-1,2,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,14,15,16-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl] acetate", "CC(=O)O[C@]1(CCC2[C@@]1(CCC3C2CCC4=CC(=O)CC[C@H]34)C)C#C", ["[(10R,13S,17R)-17-Ethynyl-13-methyl-3-oxo-1,2,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,14,15,16-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl] acetate is a steroid ester.", "Norethindrone Acetate is the orally bioavailable acetate salt of norethindrone, a synthetic progestin with some anabolic, estrogenic, and androgenic activities. As do all progestins, norethindrone binds to and activates nuclear progesterone receptors (PRs) in target tissues such as the pituitary and reproductive system; ligand-receptor complexes are translocated to the nucleus where they bind to progesterone response elements (PREs) located on target genes, followed by various transcriptional events and histone acetylation. Physiological effects include the inhibition of luteinizing hormone (LH) release, an increase in the endometrial luteal-phase, and alterations in endocervical mucus secretion.", "Acetate ester of norethindrone that is used as a long-term contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS)."]], ["Pharmakon1600-01500813", "CCCC1O[C@@H]2CC3C4CCC5=CC(=O)C=CC5(C4[C@H](CC3([C@@]2(O1)C(=O)CO)C)O)C", ["A glucocorticoid used in the management of ASTHMA, the treatment of various skin disorders, and allergic RHINITIS."]], ["Fenoterol hydrobromide", "CC(CC1=CC=C(C=C1)O)NCC(C2=CC(=CC(=C2)O)O)O.Br", ["Fenoterol hydrobromide is the hydrobromide salt of fenoterol. A beta2-adrenergic agonist, it is used as a bronchodilator in the management of reversible airway obstruction. It has a role as a bronchodilator agent, a beta-adrenergic agonist and a sympathomimetic agent. It contains a fenoterol.", "Fenoterol Hydrobromide is fenoterol BromideThe hydrobromide salt of fenoterol, a short-acting sympathomimetic agent with bronchodilator activity. Fenoterol stimulates beta-2-adrenergic receptors in the lungs, thereby activating the enzyme adenylate cyclase that catalyzes the conversion of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to cyclic-3',5'-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). Increased cAMP concentrations relax bronchial smooth muscle, relieve bronchospasms, and reduce inflammatory cell mediator release, especially from mast cells.", "A synthetic adrenergic beta-2 agonist that is used as a bronchodilator and tocolytic."]], ["Bromhexine Hydrochloride", "CN(CC1=C(C(=CC(=C1)Br)Br)N)C2CCCCC2.Cl", ["Bromhexine hydrochloride is a hydrochloride resulting from the reaction of equimolar amounts of bromhexine and hydrogen chloride. It is used as a mucolytic for the treatment of respiratory disorders associated with productive cough (i.e. a cough characterised by the production of sputum). It has a role as a mucolytic. It contains a bromhexine(1+).", "Bromhexine Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of bromhexine, a secretolytic, with mucolytic activity. Upon administration, bromhexine increases lysosomal activity and enhances hydrolysis of acid mucopolysaccharide polymers in the respiratory tract. This increases the production of serous mucus in the respiratory tract, which makes the phlegm thinner and decreases mucus viscosity. This contributes to its secretomotoric effect, and allows the cilia to more easily transport the phlegm out of the lungs. This clears mucus from the respiratory tract and may aid in the treatment of respiratory disorders associated with abnormal viscid mucus, excessive mucus secretion and impaired mucus transport.", "A mucolytic agent used in the treatment of respiratory disorders associated with viscid or excessive mucus. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p744)"]], ["(E)-dantrolene sodium", "C1C(=NC(=O)N1/N=C\\C2=CC=C(O2)C3=CC=C(C=C3)[N+](=O)[O-])[O-].[Na+]", ["Dantrolene Sodium is the sodium salt form of dantrolene, a hydantoin derivative and direct-acting skeletal muscle relaxant. Dantrolene depresses excitation-contraction coupling in skeletal muscle by binding to the ryanodine receptor 1, and decreasing intracellular calcium concentration. Ryanodine receptors mediate the release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, an essential step in muscle contraction.", "Skeletal muscle relaxant that acts by interfering with excitation-contraction coupling in the muscle fiber. It is used in spasticity and other neuromuscular abnormalities. Although the mechanism of action is probably not central, dantrolene is usually grouped with the central muscle relaxants."]], ["N,2-dimethyl-1-phenylpropan-2-amine;sulfuric acid", "CC(C)(CC1=CC=CC=C1)NC.OS(=O)(=O)O", ["A sympathomimetic agent with specificity for alpha-1 adrenergic receptors. It is used to maintain BLOOD PRESSURE in hypotensive states such as following SPINAL ANESTHESIA."]], ["3-(2-Amino-1-hydroxypropyl)phenol;2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid", "CC(C(C1=CC(=CC=C1)O)O)N.C(C(C(=O)O)O)(C(=O)O)O", ["A sympathomimetic agent that acts predominantly at alpha-1 adrenergic receptors. It has been used primarily as a vasoconstrictor in the treatment of HYPOTENSION."]], ["Clenbuterol hydrochloride", "CC(C)(C)NCC(C1=CC(=C(C(=C1)Cl)N)Cl)O.Cl", ["Clenbuterol hydrochloride is a hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride salt of clenbuterol. It has a role as a bronchodilator agent, a beta-adrenergic agonist and a sympathomimetic agent. It contains a clenbuterol(1+).", "A substituted phenylaminoethanol that has beta-2 adrenomimetic properties at very low doses. It is used as a bronchodilator in asthma."]], ["Uralenic acid", "C[C@]12CC[C@](C[C@H]1C3=CC(=O)C4[C@]5(CC[C@@H](C(C5CC[C@]4([C@@]3(CC2)C)C)(C)C)O)C)(C)C(=O)O", ["An oleanolic acid from GLYCYRRHIZA that has some antiallergic, antibacterial, and antiviral properties. It is used topically for allergic or infectious skin inflammation and orally for its aldosterone effects in electrolyte regulation."]], ["Nicotine ditartrate", "CN1CCC[C@H]1C2=CN=CC=C2.C(C(C(=O)O)O)(C(=O)O)O.C(C(C(=O)O)O)(C(=O)O)O", ["Nicotine tartrate appears as a reddish white crystalline solid. Combustible. Toxic by inhalation (dust, etc.) and may be toxic by skin absorption. Produces toxic oxides of nitrogen during combustion."]], ["Dizan", "CCN\\1C2=CC=CC=C2S/C1=C\\C=C\\C=C\\C3=[N+](C4=CC=CC=C4S3)CC.[I-]", ["Dithiazanine iodide appears as green, needle-like crystals. Used as a veterinary anthelmintic, as a sensitizer for photographic emulsions and as an insecticides. Not registered as a pesticide in the U.S. (EPA, 1998)", "Dithiazanine iodide is an organic iodide salt and a member of benzothiazoles. It has a role as a fluorochrome and an anthelminthic drug. It contains a dithiazanine.", "3-Ethyl-2-(5-(3-ethyl-2-benzothiazolinylidene)-1,3- pentadienyl)benzothiazolium. A benzothiazole that was formerly used as an antinematodal agent and is currently used as a fluorescent dye."]], ["Refanalin", "C1=CSC(=C1)/C=C/C2=CC=NN2", ["Terevalefim is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02474667 (Reduce the Severity of DGF in Recipients of a Deceased Donor Kidney)."]], ["Cefotaxime", "CC(=O)OCC1=C(N2[C@@H]([C@@H](C2=O)NC(=O)/C(=N\\OC)/C3=CSC(=N3)N)SC1)C(=O)O", ["Cefotaxime is a cephalosporin compound having acetoxymethyl and [2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino side groups. It has a role as a drug allergen and an antibacterial drug. It is a member of 1,3-thiazoles, an oxime O-ether and a cephalosporin. It is a conjugate acid of a cefotaxime(1-).", "Cefotaxime is a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic. Like other third-generation cephalosporins, it has broad spectrum activity against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. In most cases, it is considered to be equivalent to ceftriaxone in terms of safety and efficacy. Cefotaxime sodium is marketed under various trade names including Claforan (Sanofi-Aventis).", "Cefotaxime is a Cephalosporin Antibacterial.", "Cefotaxime is a natural product found in Melodinus cochinchinensis with data available.", "Cefotaxime is a third generation semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic with bactericidal activity. Cefotaxime inhibits mucopeptide synthesis by binding to and inactivating penicillin binding proteins thereby interfering with the final transpeptidation step required for cross-linking of peptidoglycan units which are a component of bacterial cell walls. This results in a reduction of cell wall stability and causes cell lysis.", "Semisynthetic broad-spectrum cephalosporin."]], ["Brecanavir", "CC1=NC(=CS1)COC2=CC=C(C=C2)C[C@@H]([C@@H](CN(CC(C)C)S(=O)(=O)C3=CC4=C(C=C3)OCO4)O)NC(=O)O[C@H]5CO[C@@H]6[C@H]5CCO6", ["Brecanavir (VX-385) an orally active aspartic protease inhibitor (PI), under investigation by Vertex and GlaxoSmithKline for the treatment of HIV. In July 2006, Vertex indicated that it expected GSK to initiate phase III trials of the drug in 2007. In December of 2006 GSK announced a decision to discontinue the development of brecanavir for the treatment of HIV. The decision was based on issues regarding the formulation of the drug.", "Brecanavir is a tyrosyl-based arylsulfonamide inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) protease."]], ["Copper;azide", "[N-]=[N+]=[N-].[Cu+2]", ["Copper(II) azide is a chemical compound of copper. It is very explosive and can be used in pyrotechnics. Copper is a chemical element with the symbol Cu and atomic number 29. Copper is an essential elements in plants and animals as it is required for the normal functioning of more than 30 enzymes. It occurs naturally throughout the environment in rocks, soil, water, and air. (L277, L278, L296)"]], ["Implitapide", "CC1=CC(=NC2=C1C3=CC=CC=C3N2CC4=CC(=CC=C4)[C@H](C5CCCC5)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C6=CC=CC=C6)C", ["Implitapide is a microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP)-inhibitor.", "Implitapide is a microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) inhibitor with antihyperlipidemic activity. In an animal model, inhibition of MTP by implitapide reduced both total cholesterol and triglyceride levels and suppressed progression of atherosclerotic lesions."]], ["Semapimod", "C/C(=N\\N=C(N)N)/C1=CC(=CC(=C1)NC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(=O)NC2=CC(=CC(=C2)/C(=N/N=C(N)N)/C)/C(=N/N=C(N)N)/C)/C(=N/N=C(N)N)/C", ["Semapimod has been used in trials studying the treatment of Crohn Disease."]], ["Hydrocodone bitartrate and acetaminophen", "CC(=O)NC1=CC=C(C=C1)O.CN1CC[C@]23[C@@H]4[C@H]1CC5=C2C(=C(C=C5)OC)O[C@H]3C(=O)CC4.[C@@H]([C@H](C(=O)O)O)(C(=O)O)O", ["Hydrocodone/Acetaminophen is a combination preparation of the analgesic acetaminophen and the semisynthetic opioid agonist hydrocodone with analgesic and antitussive activities. Acetaminophen exerts its analgesic activity by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis while hydrocodone exerts its analgesic activity by binding to the mu-receptors in the central nervous system (CNS), thereby mimicking the effects of endogenous opioids."]], ["CID 5748849", "COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C2C(OC3=C(O2)C=C(C=C3)[C@@H]4[C@@H](C(=O)C5=C(C=C(C=C5O4)O)O)O)CO)O", ["The major active component of silymarin flavonoids extracted from seeds of the MILK THISTLE, Silybum marianum; it is used in the treatment of HEPATITIS; LIVER CIRRHOSIS; and CHEMICAL AND DRUG INDUCED LIVER INJURY, and has antineoplastic activity; silybins A and B are diastereomers."]], ["1-acetyloxyethyl 3-(carbamoyloxymethyl)-7-[[(2Z)-2-(furan-2-yl)-2-methoxyiminoacetyl]amino]-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate", "CC(OC(=O)C)OC(=O)C1=C(CSC2N1C(=O)C2NC(=O)/C(=N\\OC)/C3=CC=CO3)COC(=O)N", ["Cefuroxime Axetil is a second generation semi-synthetic cephalosporin and a beta-lactam antibiotic with bactericidal activity. Cefuroxime's effect is dependent on its binding to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located in the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane. Binding results in the inhibition of the transpeptidase enzymes, thereby preventing cross-linking of the pentaglycine bridge with the fourth residue of the pentapeptide and interrupting consequent synthesis of peptidoglycan chains. As a result, cefuroxime inhibits bacterial septum and cell wall synthesis formation."]], ["Apaziquone", "CN1C(=C(C2=C1C(=O)C=C(C2=O)N3CC3)CO)/C=C/CO", ["Apaziquone is a member of indoles.", "Apaziquone has been investigated for the treatment of Bladder Cancer and Bladder Neoplasms.", "Apaziquone is an indolequinone bioreductive prodrug and analog of mitomycin C with potential antineoplastic and radiosensitization activities. Apaziquone is converted to active metabolites in hypoxic cells by intracellular reductases, which are present in greater amounts in hypoxic tumor cells. The active metabolites alkylate DNA, resulting in apoptotic cell death. This agent displays selectivity activity towards both hypoxic solid tumors, which exhibits higher expression of cytochrome P450 reductase, and well-oxygenated malignant cells that overexpress the bioreductive enzyme NQO1 (NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase). Apaziquone may selectively sensitize hypoxic tumor cells to radiocytotoxicity."]], ["7-[[(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-methoxyiminoacetyl]amino]-3-[(2-methyl-5,6-dioxo-1H-1,2,4-triazin-3-yl)sulfanylmethyl]-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid", "CN1C(=NC(=O)C(=O)N1)SCC2=C(N3C(C(C3=O)NC(=O)/C(=N\\OC)/C4=CSC(=N4)N)SC2)C(=O)O", ["A broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic and cefotaxime derivative with a very long half-life and high penetrability to meninges, eyes and inner ears."]], ["1-propan-2-yloxycarbonyloxyethyl 7-[[(2E)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-methoxyiminoacetyl]amino]-3-(methoxymethyl)-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate", "CC(C)OC(=O)OC(C)OC(=O)C1=C(CSC2N1C(=O)C2NC(=O)/C(=N/OC)/C3=CSC(=N3)N)COC", ["Cefpodoxime Proxetil is a third generation semi-synthetic cephalosporin and a beta-lactam antibiotic with bactericidal activity. Cefpodoxime's effect is dependent on its binding to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located in the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane. Binding results in the inhibition of the transpeptidase enzymes, thereby preventing cross-linking of the pentaglycine bridge with the fourth residue of the pentapeptide and interrupting consequent synthesis of peptidoglycan chains. As a result, cefpodoxime inhibits bacterial septum and cell wall synthesis formation."]], ["(8E,14E,16E,18E,20E)-22-[(3-amino-3,6-dideoxyhexopyranosyl)oxy]-1,3,26-trihydroxy-12-methyl-10-oxo-6,11,28-trioxatricyclo[22.3.1.0~5,7~]octacosa-8,14,16,18,20-pentaene-25-carboxylic acid", "CC1C/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/C(CC2C(C(CC(O2)(CC(CC3C(O3)/C=C/C(=O)O1)O)O)O)C(=O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)C)O)N)O", ["Natamycin is a polyene amphoteric macrolide antibiotic with antifungal properties. Natamycin exerts its antifungal effects by binding to sterols in the fungal cell membrane thereby increasing membrane permeability. This leads to a leakage and loss of essential cellular constituents. Following ocular application, natamycin is retained in the conjunctival fornices and attains effective concentrations within the corneal stroma where it exerts its effect.", "Amphoteric macrolide antifungal antibiotic from Streptomyces natalensis or S. chattanoogensis. It is used for a variety of fungal infections, mainly topically."]], ["Bariumcyanid", "[C-]#N.[C-]#N.[Ba+2]", ["Barium cyanide is a chemical compound of barium and cyanide. Barium is a metallic alkaline earth metal with the symbol Ba, and atomic number 56. It never occurs in nature in its pure form due to its reactivity with air, but combines with other chemicals such as sulfur or carbon and oxygen to form barium compounds that may be found as minerals. (L214, 408)"]], ["Barium hydroxide", "[OH-].[OH-].[Ba+2]", ["Barium dihydroxide is a barium hydroxide.", "Barium hydroxide is a hydroxide of barium. It is used in analytical chemistry for the titration of weak acids, as well as in organic chemistry as a strong base in the hydrolyzation and preparation of other compounds. Barium is a metallic alkaline earth metal with the symbol Ba, and atomic number 56. It never occurs in nature in its pure form due to its reactivity with air, but combines with other chemicals such as sulfur or carbon and oxygen to form barium compounds that may be found as minerals. (L214, 408, L206)"]], ["(R)-betaxolol", "CC(C)NC[C@H](COC1=CC=C(C=C1)CCOCC2CC2)O", ["(R)-betaxolol is the (R)-enantiomer of betaxolol. It is an enantiomer of a (S)-betaxolol."]], ["D&C Red No. 28", "C1=C2C(=C3C=C(C(=O)C(=C3OC2=C(C(=C1Br)[O-])Br)Br)Br)C4=C(C(=C(C(=C4Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)C(=O)[O-].[Na+].[Na+]", ["Phloxine B is an organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of 2,3,4,5-tetrachloro-6-(2,4,5,7-tetrabromo-6-hydroxy-3-oxo-3H-xanthen-9-yl)benzoic acid. It is used in the hematoxylin phloxine saffron (HPS) stain, stains paneth cell granules in Lendrum's phloxine-tartrazine method, and can be used to demonstrate alcoholic hyaline. It has a role as a histological dye and a fluorochrome. It contains a 2',4',5',7'-tetrabromo-2,3,4,5-tetrachlorofluorescein(2-).", "Phloxine B (commonly known simply as phloxine, also known as D&C RED NO. 28) is a color additive which is used both as an inactive ingredient to provide color to products, or as a colorant in dental disclosing tablets. These tablets allow patients to visualise areas where more brushing and flossing are needed."]], ["(r)-Oxybutynin", "CCN(CC)CC#CCOC(=O)[C@@](C1CCCCC1)(C2=CC=CC=C2)O", ["(R)-oxybutynin is a 4-(diethylamino)but-2-yn-1-ol that has R configuration. It is responsible for virtually all of the antimuscarinic activity of (racemic) oxybutynin. It has a role as a cholinergic antagonist, a calcium channel blocker and a local anaesthetic. It is an enantiomer of an esoxybutynin."]], ["Zoledronate disodium anhydrous", "C1=CN(C=N1)CC(O)(P(=O)(O)[O-])P(=O)(O)[O-].[Na+].[Na+]", ["Zoledronate Disodium is the disodium salt form of zoledronate, a synthetic imidazole, third generation bisphosphonate analog of pyrophosphate with antiresorptive activity. Zoledronate binds to hydroxyapatite crystals in the bone matrix and inhibits farnesyl pyrophosphate (diphosphate) synthase, thereby preventing protein prenylation within the mevalonate pathway. This leads to the loss of downstream metabolites essential for osteoclast function, leading to the induction of apoptosis and eventually, osteoclast-cell death. By preventing osteoclast-mediated bone resorption, zoledronate decreases bone turnover and stabilizes the bone matrix."]], ["Magnesium citrate", "C(C(=O)[O-])C(CC(=O)[O-])(C(=O)[O-])O.C(C(=O)[O-])C(CC(=O)[O-])(C(=O)[O-])O.[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2]", ["Trimagnesium dicitrate is a magnesium salt composed of magnesium and citrate ions in a 3:2 ratio. It has a role as a laxative. It contains a citrate(3-).", "Magnesium citrate is a low volume and osmotic cathartic agent. The cathartic action works primarily through the high osmolarity of the solution which draws large amounts of fluid into space where is used. Magnesium citrate is considered by the FDA as an approved inactive ingredient for approved drug products under the specifications of oral administration of a maximum concentration of 237 mg. It is also considered as an active ingredient in over-the-counter products.", "Magnesium Citrate is the citrate salt of the element magnesium with cathartic activity. The cathartic action of magnesium cations appears to result, in part, from osmotically mediated water retention, which subsequently stimulates peristalsis. In addition, magnesium ions may also stimulate the activity of nitric oxide (NO) synthase and increase the biosynthesis of the phospholipid proinflammatory mediator platelet activating factor (PAF) in the gut. NO may stimulate intestinal secretion via prostaglandin- and cyclic GMP-dependent mechanisms while PAF produces significant stimulation of colonic secretion and gastrointestinal motility."]], ["Juvidex", "C([C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](C=O)O)O)O)O)OP(=O)(O)O", ["Aldehydo-D-mannose 6-phosphate is a D-mannose 6-phosphate.", "Mannose 6-phosphate has been used in trials studying the treatment of Wound, Cicatrix, Wound-healing, and Re-epithelialisation.", "Juvidex is a natural product found in Arabidopsis thaliana with data available."]], ["Solganal", "C([C@@H]1[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](C(O1)[S-])O)O)O)O.[Au+]", ["A thioglucose derivative used as an antirheumatic and experimentally to produce obesity in animals."]], ["Protovist", "C1CN(CCN(CCN(CCN1CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])[C@H](CO)[C@@H](CO)O)CC(=O)[O-].[Gd+3]", ["Gadobutrol is a Gadolinium-based Contrast Agent. The mechanism of action of gadobutrol is as a Magnetic Resonance Contrast Activity.", "Gadobutrol is a gadolinium-based, hydrophilic, macrocyclic, electrically neutral contrast agent used in contrast-enhanced MRI (CE-MRI). Gadobutrol is a non-ionic, paramagnetic complex consisting of gadolinium (Gd3+) chelated with the macrocyclic compound dihydroxy-hydroxymethylpropyl-tetraazacyclododecane-triacetic acid (butrol). Following intravenous administration, gadobutrol may increase MRI sensitivity for the detection of tumors and inflammatory and demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) that are associated with areas with blood-brain barrier defects due to altered perfusion or an enlarged extracellular space. This agent is eliminated in an unchanged form via the kidneys; extra-renal elimination is negligible."]], ["Prostaglandin", "CCCCCC(/C=C/C1C=CC(=O)C1C/C=C/CCCC(=O)OC)OC(=O)C", ["Prostaglandin is a natural product found in Plexaura homomalla with data available.", "A group of compounds derived from unsaturated 20-carbon fatty acids, primarily arachidonic acid, via the cyclooxygenase pathway. They are extremely potent mediators of a diverse group of physiological processes."]], ["Proguanil", "CC(C)N=C(N)/N=C(\\N)/NC1=CC=C(C=C1)Cl", ["Proguanil is a biguanide compound which has isopropyl and p-chlorophenyl substituents on the terminal N atoms. A prophylactic antimalarial drug, it works by inhibiting the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase, which is involved in the reproduction of the malaria parasites Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax within the red blood cells. It has a role as an antimalarial, an antiprotozoal drug and an EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor. It is a member of biguanides and a member of monochlorobenzenes.", "Proguanil is a prophylactic antimalarial drug, which works by stopping the malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax, from reproducing once it is in the red blood cells. It does this by inhibiting the enzyme, dihydrofolate reductase, which is involved in the reproduction of the parasite.", "Proguanil is an Antimalarial. The mechanism of action of proguanil is as a Dihydrofolate Reductase Inhibitor.", "Proguanil is a biguanide derivative which is active against several protozoal species and is used in combination with atovaquone and chloroquine for the prevention and therapy of malaria. Proguanil has not been evaluated extensively as a single agent, but the combinations of proguanil with atovaquone or chloroquine have been used to treat malaria and have been linked to serum enzyme elevations during therapy and rare instances of clinically apparent acute liver injury.", "A biguanide compound which metabolizes in the body to form cycloguanil, an anti-malaria agent."]], ["(E)-(4S,6S)-8-Methyl-6-((S)-3-methyl-2-{(S)-2-[(5-methyl-isoxazole-3-carbonyl)-amino]-propionylamino}-butyrylamino)-5-oxo-4-((R)-2-oxo-pyrrolidin-3-ylmethyl)-non-2-enoic acid benzyl ester", "CC1=CC(=NO1)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](C[C@@H]2CCNC2=O)/C=C/C(=O)OCC3=CC=CC=C3", ["N-[(5-methyl-1,2-oxazol-3-yl)carbonyl]-L-alanyl-L-valyl-N-{(2S,3E)-5-(benzyloxy)-5-oxo-1-[(3S)-2-oxopyrrolidin-3-yl]pent-3-en-2-yl}-L-leucinamide is a tripeptide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-[(5-methyl-1,2-oxazol-3-yl)carbonyl]-L-alanyl-L-valine with the amino group of benzyl (2E,4S)-4-(L-leucylamino)-5-[(3S)-2-oxopyrrolidin-3-yl]pent-2-enoate. It is an inhibitor of the main protease of SARS-CoV-2. It has a role as an antiviral agent, an EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor and an anticoronaviral agent. It is a tripeptide, a member of isoxazoles, a member of pyrrolidin-2-ones and a benzyl ester."]], ["Tipiracil", "C1CC(=N)N(C1)CC2=C(C(=O)NC(=O)N2)Cl", ["Tipiracil is a member of the class of pyrimidones that is uracil substituted by chloro and (2-iminopyrrolidin-1-yl)methyl groups at positions 5 and 6 respectively. Used (as the hydrochloride salt) in combination with trifluridine, a nucleoside metabolic inhibitor, for treatment of advanced/relapsed unresectable colorectal cancer. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent and an EC 2.4.2.4 (thymidine phosphorylase) inhibitor. It is a pyrimidone, an organochlorine compound, a carboxamidine and a member of pyrrolidines. It is functionally related to a uracil. It is a conjugate base of a tipiracil(1+).", "Tipiracil is a thymidine phosphorylase inhibitor. It is used in combination with trifluridine, in a ratio of 1:0.5, to form TAS-102. The main function of Tipiracil in TAS-102 is to increase trifluridine bioavailability by inhibiting its catabolism. TAS-102 is indicated for the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer which has been previously treated with fluoropyrimidine-, oxaliplatin- and irinotecan-based chemotherapy, or with an anti-VEGF or anti-EGFR therapy.", "Tipiracil is a Thymidine Phosphorylase Inhibitor. The mechanism of action of tipiracil is as a Thymidine Phosphorylase Inhibitor."]], ["Dalfopristin", "CCN(CC)CCS(=O)(=O)[C@@H]1CCN2[C@H]1C(=O)O[C@@H]([C@@H](/C=C/C(=O)NC/C=C/C(=C/[C@H](CC(=O)CC3=NC(=CO3)C2=O)O)/C)C)C(C)C", ["Dalfopristin is a macrolide that is pristinamycin IIA in which the double bond between positions 26 and 26a of the pyrroline ring has been reduced and position 26R carries a [2-(diethylamino)ethyl]sulfonyl group. It is a semi-synthetic streptogramin antibiotic and often used as a mixture with quinupristin for the treatment of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium. It has a role as an antibacterial drug and a protein synthesis inhibitor. It is a macrolide, a member of 1,3-oxazoles, a cyclic ketone, an enamide, a secondary alcohol, a secondary carboxamide, a tertiary carboxamide, a sulfone, a tertiary amino compound, a carboxylic ester and a macrolide antibiotic. It is functionally related to a pristinamycin IIA.", "Dalfopristin is a combination of two antibiotics (Dalfopristin and quinupristin) used to treat infections by staphylococci and by vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium. It is not effective against Enterococcus faecalis infections. Dalfopristin inhibits the early phase of protein synthesis in the bacterial ribosome and quinupristin inhibits the late phase of protein synthesis.", "Dalfopristin is a Streptogramin Antibacterial.", "Dalfopristin is a semi-synthetic derivative of streptogramin A produced by streptomycetes. Dalfopristin inhibits the early phase of protein synthesis in the bacterial ribosome by binding to the 70S subunit, and also alters the configuration of the ribosome to make it more susceptible for streptogramin B binding. Dalfopristin is used in combination with quinopristin, a streptogramin B derivative. This combination is active against most gram-positive organisms, including Enterococcus faecium, and is also active against some gram-negative organisms and mycoplasma."]], ["(2S)-2-amino-3-[[(2R)-2-butanoyloxy-3-propanoyloxypropoxy]-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxypropanoic acid", "CCCC(=O)O[C@H](COC(=O)CC)COP(=O)(O)OC[C@@H](C(=O)O)N", ["Phosphatidyl serine (PS) is a phospholipid nutrient found in fish, green leafy vegetables, soybeans and rice, and is essential for the normal functioning of neuronal cell membranes and activates Protein kinase C (PKC) which has been shown to be involved in memory function. In apoptosis, phosphatidyl serine is transferred to the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane. This is part of the process by which the cell is targeted for phagocytosis. PS has been shown to slow cognitive decline in animal models. PS has been investigated in a small number of double-blind placebo trials and has been shown to increase memory performance in the elderly. Because of the potentail cognitive benefits of phosphatidylserine, the substance is sold as a dietary supplement to people who believe they can benefit from an increased intake.  The dietary supplement was originally processed from bovine sources however Prion disease scares in the 1990s outlawed this process, and a soy-based alternative was adopted."]], ["Brilliant Blue G", "CCN(CC1=CC(=CC=C1)S(=O)(=O)[O-])C2=CC(=C(C=C2)/C(=C/3\\C=CC(=[N+](CC)CC4=CC(=CC=C4)S(=O)(=O)[O-])C=C3C)/C5=CC=C(C=C5)NC6=CC=C(C=C6)OCC)C.[Na+]", ["Brilliant Blue G is used in an ophthalmic solution for staining the internal limiting membrane (ILM) of the eye during ophthalmic procedures. This membrane is thin and translucent, making it difficult to identify during eye surgeries that require high levels of visual accuracy. Brilliant blue G, like its name, imparts a vibrant blue color, facilitating identification of the ILM. It was approved by the FDA for ophthalmic use on December 20, 2019."]], ["(2R,3S,4R,5R,8R,11R,12S,13S,14R)-11-[(2S,3R,4S,6R)-4-(dimethylamino)-3-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-2-ethyl-3,4,10-trihydroxy-13-[(2R,4R,5S,6S)-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-4,6-dimethyloxan-2-yl]oxy-3,5,6,8,10,12,14-heptamethyl-1-oxa-6-azacyclopentadecan-15-one", "CC[C@@H]1[C@@]([C@@H]([C@H](N(C[C@@H](CC([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](C(=O)O1)C)O[C@H]2C[C@@]([C@H]([C@@H](O2)C)O)(C)OC)C)O[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@H](C[C@H](O3)C)N(C)C)O)(C)O)C)C)C)O)(C)O", ["A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic structurally related to ERYTHROMYCIN. It has been used in the treatment of Mycobacterium avium intracellulare infections, toxoplasmosis, and cryptosporidiosis."]], ["Rifamycin", "C[C@H]1/C=C/C=C(\\C(=O)NC2=CC(=C3C(=C2O)C(=C(C4=C3C(=O)[C@](O4)(O/C=C/[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]1O)C)O)C)OC(=O)C)C)OC)C)C)O)O)/C", ["Rifamycin SV is a member of the class of rifamycins that exhibits antibiotic and antitubercular properties. It has a role as a bacterial metabolite, an antimicrobial agent and an antitubercular agent. It is a member of rifamycins, an acetate ester, a cyclic ketal, a lactam, a macrocycle, a polyphenol and an organic heterotetracyclic compound. It is a conjugate acid of a rifamycin SV(1-).", "Rifamycin is the prime member of the rifamycin family which are represented by drugs that are a product of fermentation from the gram-positive bacterium Amycolatopsis mediterranei, also known as Streptomyces mediterranei. The parent compound of rifamycin was rifamycin B which was originally obtained as a main product in the presence of diethylbarburitic acid. Some small modifications where performed in this inactive compound and with the creation of rifamycin SV there was the first antibiotic used intravenously for the treatment of tuberculosis.  Rifamycin has had several direct derivative products such as rifamycin SV, rifaximin, rifampin and rifamycin CV. All of the derivatives have slight different physicochemical properties when compared to the parent structure.  Rifamycin was further developed by Cosmo Technologies Ltd and approved in November 16, 2018 by the FDA as a prescription drug after being granted the designation of Qualified Infectious Disease Product which allowed it to have a status a priority review. This drug was also sent for review to the EMA in 2015 by Dr. Falk Pharma Gmbh and it was granted a waiver for the tested conditions.", "Rifamycin is a Rifamycin Antibacterial.", "Rifamycin is a nonabsorbable rifampin-like antibacterial agent that is used as treatment of travelers\u2019 diarrhea. Rifamycin has minimal oral absorption and has not been implicated in causing liver test abnormalities or clinically apparent liver injury.", "Rifamycin is a natural product found in Salinispora arenicola and Amycolatopsis mediterranei with data available.", "Rifamycin is a natural antibiotic produced by Streptomyces mediterranei, Rifamycin (Ansamycin Family) is a commonly used antimycobacterial drug that inhibits prokaryotic DNA-dependent RNA synthesis and protein synthesis; it blocks RNA-polymerase transcription initiation. Rifamycin has an activity spectrum against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, but is mainly used against Mycobacterium sp. (especially M. tuberculosis) in association with other agents to overcome resistance. (NCI04)", "A group of ANTI-BACTERIAL AGENTS characterized by a chromophoric naphthohydroquinone group spanned by an aliphatic bridge not previously found in other known ANTI-BACTERIAL AGENTS. They have been isolated from fermentation broths of Streptomyces mediterranei."]], ["Cobalt;[(2R,3S,4R,5S)-5-(5,6-dimethylbenzimidazol-1-yl)-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl] [(2R)-1-[3-[(1R,2R,3R,4Z,7S,9Z,12S,14Z,17S,18S,19R)-2,13,18-tris(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-7,12,17-tris(3-amino-3-oxopropyl)-3,5,8,8,13,15,18,19-octamethyl-2,7,12,17-tetrahydro-1H-corrin-21-id-3-yl]propanoylamino]propan-2-yl] phosphate;hydrate", "CC1=CC2=C(C=C1C)N(C=N2)[C@@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O3)CO)OP(=O)([O-])O[C@H](C)CNC(=O)CC[C@@]\\4([C@H]([C@@H]5[C@]6([C@@]([C@@H](C(=N6)/C(=C\\7/C([C@@H](C(=N7)/C=C\\8/C([C@@H](C(=N8)/C(=C4\\[N-]5)/C)CCC(=O)N)(C)C)CCC(=O)N)(C)CC(=O)N)/C)CCC(=O)N)(C)CC(=O)N)C)CC(=O)N)C)O.O.[Co]", ["Injectable form of VITAMIN B 12 that has been used therapeutically to treat VITAMIN B 12 DEFICIENCY."]], ["Remikiren", "CC(C)(C)S(=O)(=O)C[C@@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC2=CN=CN2)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC3CCCCC3)[C@H]([C@H](C4CC4)O)O", ["Remikiren is an L-histidine derivative that is L-histidine in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a (2S)-2-[(2-methylpropane-2-sulfonyl)methyl]-3-phenylpropanoyl group and the carboxy group is replaced by a [(2S,3R,4S)-1-cyclohexyl-4-cyclopropyl-3,4-dihydroxybutan-2-yl]amino group. It is a renin inhibitor which was under development for the treatment of hypertension (now discontinued). It has a role as an antihypertensive agent, a vasodilator agent, a peptidomimetic and an EC 3.4.23.15 (renin) inhibitor. It is a sulfone, a diol, a secondary carboxamide, a member of cyclopropanes and a L-histidine derivative.", "Remikiren is an orally active, high specificity renin inhibitor."]], ["(1R,5R,6R,7R,9S,11R,12R,13S,14S)-14-(hydroxymethyl)-3-imino-8,10-dioxa-2,4-diazatetracyclo[7.3.1.1(7,11).0(1,6)]tetradecane-5,9,12,13,14-pentol", "C([C@@]1([C@H]2[C@@H]3[C@H](N=C(N[C@@]34[C@H]([C@@H]1O[C@]([C@H]4O)(O2)O)O)N)O)O)O", ["Tetrodotoxin is a quinazoline alkaloid that is a marine toxin isolated from fish such as puffer fish. It has been shown to exhibit potential neutotoxicity due to its ability to block voltage-gated sodium channels. It has a role as a voltage-gated sodium channel blocker, a neurotoxin, a marine metabolite, an animal metabolite and a bacterial metabolite. It is a quinazoline alkaloid, an azatetracycloalkane and an oxatetracycloalkane. It is a conjugate base of a tetrodotoxin(1+).", "Tetrodotoxin is a natural product found in Taricha torosa, Gobius, and other organisms with data available.", "Tetrodotoxin is a neurotoxin with potential analgesic activity. Tetrodotoxin binds to the pores of fast voltage-gated fast sodium channels in nerve cell membranes, inhibiting nerve action potentials and blocking nerve transmission. Although found in various species of fish (such as the pufferfish), newts, frogs, flatworms, and crabs, tetrodotoxin, for which there is no known antidote, is actually produced by bacteria such as Vibrio alginolyticus, Pseudoalteromonas tetraodonis, and other vibrio and pseudomonas bacterial species.", "An aminoperhydroquinazoline poison found mainly in the liver and ovaries of fishes in the order TETRAODONTIFORMES, which are eaten. The toxin causes paresthesia and paralysis through interference with neuromuscular conduction."]], ["methyl (1R,9R,10S,11R,12R,19R)-11-acetyloxy-12-ethyl-4-[(13S,17S)-17-ethyl-17-hydroxy-13-methoxycarbonyl-1,11-diazatetracyclo[13.3.1.04,12.05,10]nonadeca-4(12),5,7,9-tetraen-13-yl]-8-formyl-10-hydroxy-5-methoxy-8,16-diazapentacyclo[10.6.1.01,9.02,7.016,19]nonadeca-2,4,6,13-tetraene-10-carboxylate", "CC[C@@]1(CC2C[C@@](C3=C(CCN(C2)C1)C4=CC=CC=C4N3)(C5=C(C=C6C(=C5)[C@]78CCN9[C@H]7[C@@](C=CC9)([C@H]([C@@]([C@@H]8N6C=O)(C(=O)OC)O)OC(=O)C)CC)OC)C(=O)OC)O", ["Vincristine appears as a white crystalline solid. Melting point 218 \u00b0C. Used as an antineoplastic.", "Vincristine is a natural alkaloid isolated from the plant Vinca rosea Linn. Vincristine binds irreversibly to microtubules and spindle proteins in S phase of the cell cycle and interferes with the formation of the mitotic spindle, thereby arresting tumor cells in metaphase. This agent also depolymerizes microtubules and may also interfere with amino acid, cyclic AMP, and glutathione metabolism; calmodulin-dependent Ca++ -transport ATPase activity; cellular respiration; and nucleic acid and lipid biosynthesis. (NCI04)", "An antitumor alkaloid isolated from VINCA ROSEA. (Merck, 11th ed.)"]], ["Melanin", "CC1=C2C3=C(C4=CNC5=C(C(=O)C(=O)C(=C45)C3=CN2)C)C(=O)C1=O", ["Melanin is a member of melanins.", "Melanin is a natural product found in Bipolaris oryzae, Streptomyces albidoflavus, and other organisms with data available.", "Insoluble polymers of TYROSINE derivatives found in and causing darkness in skin (SKIN PIGMENTATION), hair, and feathers providing protection against SUNBURN induced by SUNLIGHT. CAROTENES contribute yellow and red coloration."]], ["Myoview", "CCOCC[PH+](CCOCC)CC[PH+](CCOCC)CCOCC.CCOCC[PH+](CCOCC)CC[PH+](CCOCC)CCOCC.O=[99Tc]=O", ["Technetium Tc-99m Tetrofosmin is a radiopharmaceutical consisting of tetrofosmin, composed of two bidentate diphosphine ligands chelating the metastable radioisotope technetium Tc-99 (99mTc), with potential imaging activity upon SPECT (single photon emission computed tomography). Upon administration, technetium Tc 99m tetrofosmin is preferentially taken up by, and accumulates in, myocardial cells. Upon imaging, myocardial cells can be visualized and changes in ischemia and/or perfusion can be detected."]], ["Boron oxide", "[B]=O", ["Oxidoboron is a boron oxide."]], ["Polonium", "[Po]", ["Polonium atom is a radioactive metallic element discovered in 1898 by Marie Sklodowska Curie and named after her home country, Poland (Latin Polonia). It is a chalcogen and a metal atom.", "A radioactive element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has the atomic symbol Po, atomic number 84, and the atomic weight of the isotope with the longest half-life (209Po) is 208.98. It decays by alpha-emission."]], ["Radium", "[Ra]", ["Radium is a naturally occurring silvery-white radioactive metal that can exist in several forms called isotopes. Radium is formed when uranium and thorium break down in the environment. Uranium and thorium are found in small amounts in most rocks and soil. Two of the main radium isotopes found in the environment are radium-226 and radium-228. Radium undergoes radioactive decay. It divides into two parts-one part is called radiation and the other part is called a daughter. The daughter, like radium, is not stable, and it also divides into radiation and another daughter. The dividing of daughters continues until a stable, nonradioactive daughter is formed. During the decay process, alpha, beta, and gamma radiation are released. Alpha particles can travel only a short distance and cannot travel through your skin. Beta particles can penetrate through your skin, but they cannot go all the way through your body. Gamma radiation can go all the way through your body. Radium has been used as a radiation source for treating cancer, in radiography of metals, and combined with other metals as a neutron source for research and radiation instrument calibration. Until the 1960s, radium was a component of the luminous paints used for watch and clock dials, intrument panels in airplanes, military instruments, and compasses.", "Radium atom is an alkaline earth metal atom.", "Radium is an element with atomic symbol Ra, atomic number of 88, and atomic weight 226.0", "Radium is a radioactive chemical element which has the symbol Ra and atomic number 88. Its appearance is almost pure white, but it readily oxidizes on exposure to air, turning black. Radium is an alkaline earth metal that is formed when uranium and thorium break down in the environment. It is extremely radioactive. Radium-226 is the most stable isotope, has a half-life of 1602 years, and decays into radon gas. Radium has been used as a radiation source for treating cancer, in radiography of metals, and combined with other metals as a neutron source for research and radiation instrument calibration. Until the 1960s, radium was a component of the luminous paints used for watch and clock dials, instrument panels in airplanes, military instruments, and compasses. (L991, L1835)", "A radioactive element of the alkaline earth series of metals. It has the atomic symbol Ra and atomic number 88. Radium is the product of the disintegration of URANIUM and is present in pitchblende and all ores containing uranium. It is used clinically as a source of beta and gamma-rays in radiotherapy, particularly BRACHYTHERAPY."]], ["Calcium trisodium pentetate", "C(C[NH+](CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])[NH+](CC[NH+](CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Ca+2]", ["Pentetate Calcium Trisodium is the trisodium salt form of calcium diethylene triamine pentaacetate (Ca-DTPA or pentetate calcium) with chelating activity. Upon administration, Ca-DTPA loses the Ca ion to form stable chelates with metal ions because DTPA has a higher affinity for heavy metal ions than for Ca ions. Specifically, this agent is able to bind to and form strong complexes with radioactive plutonium, americium, and cerium after internal contamination with any of these radionuclides thereby increasing their excretion.", "An iron chelating agent with properties like EDETIC ACID. DTPA has also been used as a chelator for other metals, such as plutonium."]], ["Ceftiofur", "CO/N=C(/C1=CSC(=N1)N)\\C(=O)N[C@H]2[C@@H]3N(C2=O)C(=C(CS3)CSC(=O)C4=CC=CO4)C(=O)O", ["Ceftiofur is a third generation cephalosporin antibiotic, first described in 1987, and now used in veterinary medicine. It is marketed by pharmaceutical company Zoetis as Excenel, and is the active ingredient in that company's Specramast LC (lactating cow formula) product. It is resistant to hydrolysis by beta-lactamase, and has activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. E. coli strains resistant to ceftiofur have been reported. The metabolite desfurolyceftiofur also has antibiotic activity, consequently the two compounds are measured together to monitor for antibiotic activity in the milk.", "Ceftiofur is a semisynthetic, beta-lactamase-stable, broad-spectrum, third-generation cephalosporin with antibacterial activity. Ceftiofur binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall. PBPs are enzymes involved in the terminal stages of assembling the bacterial cell wall and in reshaping the cell wall during growth and division. Inactivation of PBPs interferes with the cross-linkage of peptidoglycan chains necessary for bacterial cell wall strength and rigidity. This results in the weakening of the bacterial cell wall and causes cell lysis."]], ["Auranofin", "CC[PH+](CC)CC.CC(=O)OCC1C(C(C(C(O1)[S-])OC(=O)C)OC(=O)C)OC(=O)C.[Au+]", ["Auranofin is an orally available, lipophilic, organogold compound, used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, with anti-inflammatory and potential antineoplastic activities. Auranofin interacts with selenocysteine residue within the redox-active domain of mitochondrial thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), thereby blocking the activity of TrxR. As a result, this agent induces mitochondrial oxidative stress leading to the induction of apoptosis. Furthermore, this agent strongly inhibits the JAK1/STAT3 signal transduction pathway, thereby suppressing expression of immune factors involved in inflammation. TrxR, overexpressed in many cancer cell types, inhibits apoptosis, promotes cell growth and survival and plays a role in resistance to chemotherapy; TrxR catalyzes the reduction of oxidized thioredoxin (Trx) and plays a central role in regulating cellular redox homeostasis.", "An oral chrysotherapeutic agent for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Its exact mechanism of action is unknown, but it is believed to act via immunological mechanisms and alteration of lysosomal enzyme activity. Its efficacy is slightly less than that of injected gold salts, but it is better tolerated, and side effects which occur are potentially less serious."]], ["Ringer's lactate", "CC(C(=O)O)O.[Na].[Na+].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[K+].[Ca+2]", ["A crystalloid solution that contains SODIUM CHLORIDE; SODIUM LACTATE; POTASSIUM CHLORIDE; and CALCIUM CHLORIDE. It is used for FLUID THERAPY."]], ["Radium-223", "[223Ra]", ["Radium 223 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02463799 (Ph 2 Study of Sipuleucel-T W/ or W/O Radium-223 in Men With Asymptomatic or Minimally Symptomatic Bone-MCRPC)."]], ["Cefovecin", "CO/N=C(/C1=CSC(=N1)N)\\C(=O)N[C@H]2[C@@H]3N(C2=O)C(=C(CS3)[C@@H]4CCCO4)C(=O)O", ["Cefovecin is a cephalosporin antibiotic used for the treatment of skin infections in cats and dogs. It is the first single-dose injectable antibiotic for dogs and cats that assures owner compliance with dosing for the animal. It is used for the treatment of skin infections caused by Pasturella multocida in cats, and Staphylococcus intermedius/S. canis in dogs. The advantage of using injectable antibiotics is not missing a dose that can allow partially resistant microbes to recover during missed doses. However, these injectable agents can present long-lasting subtherapeutic concentrations after the resolution of infection. The presence of low concentrations of antibiotics is related to the development of microbial resistance.", "Cefovecin is a semisynthetic, broad-spectrum, third-generation cephalosporin with antibacterial activity. Cefovecin binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall. PBPs are enzymes involved in the terminal stages of assembling the bacterial cell wall and in reshaping the cell wall during growth and division. Inactivation of PBPs interferes with the cross-linkage of peptidoglycan chains necessary for bacterial cell wall strength and rigidity. This results in the weakening of the bacterial cell wall and causes cell lysis."]], ["Barium cadmium tetrastearate", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O.[Ca].[Ba]", ["Barium cadmium stearate is a chemical compound of barium and cadmium. Barium is a metallic alkaline earth metal with the symbol Ba, and atomic number 56. It never occurs in nature in its pure form due to its reactivity with air, but combines with other chemicals such as sulfur or carbon and oxygen to form barium compounds that may be found as minerals. Cadmium is a transition metal and chemical element with the symbol Cd and atomic number 48. It is found naturally in the earth's crust, though rarely on it's own. (L6, L214, 408)"]], ["Copper silicide (Cu5Si)", "[Si].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu]", ["Copper silicide is a silicide of copper. Copper silicide thin film is used for passivation of copper surfaces of copper-based chips, where it serves to suppress diffusion and electromigration and serves as a diffusion barrier. Copper is a chemical element with the symbol Cu and atomic number 29. Copper is an essential elements in plants and animals as it is required for the normal functioning of more than 30 enzymes. It occurs naturally throughout the environment in rocks, soil, water, and air. (L277, L278, L290)"]], ["Palonosetron", "C1C[C@@H]2CN(C(=O)C3=CC=CC(=C23)C1)[C@@H]4CN5CCC4CC5", ["Palonosetron is an organic heterotricyclic compound that is an antiemetic used (as its hydrochloride salt) in combination with netupitant (under the trade name Akynzeo) to treat nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing cancer chemotherapy. It has a role as an antiemetic and a serotonergic antagonist. It is a delta-lactam, an organic heterotricyclic compound and an azabicycloalkane. It is a conjugate base of a palonosetron(1+).", "Palonosetron (INN, trade name Aloxi) is an antagonist of 5-HT3 receptors that is indicated for the prevention and treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV). It is the most effective of the 5-HT3 antagonists in controlling delayed CINV nausea and vomiting that appear more than 24 hours after the first dose of a course of chemotherapy and is the only drug of its class approved for this use by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. As of 2008, it is the most recent 5-HT3 antagonist to enter clinical use.", "Palonosetron is a Serotonin-3 Receptor Antagonist. The mechanism of action of palonosetron is as a Serotonin 3 Receptor Antagonist.", "Palonosetron is a carbazole derivative and a selective serotonin receptor antagonist with antiemetic activity. Palonosetron competitively blocks the action of serotonin at 5-hydroxytryptamine type 3 (5-HT3) receptors located on vagal afferents in the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ), resulting in suppression of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. The CTZ is located in the area postrema on the dorsal surface of the medulla oblongata at the caudal end of the fourth ventricle and outside the blood-brain barrier (BBB).", "Isoquinoline and quinuclidine derivative that acts as a 5-HT3 RECEPTOR antagonist. It is used in the prevention of nausea and vomiting induced by cytotoxic chemotherapy, and for the prevention of post-operative nausea and vomiting."]], ["Barium copper yttrium oxide", "O.[Cu].[Y].[Ba]", ["Yttrium barium copper oxide (often abbreviated YBCO) is an oxide of barium, yttrium, and copper. It is a crystalline chemical compound with the formula YBa2Cu3O7-xt, and is often used as a superconductor. It achieved prominence because it was the first material in which superconductivity above the boiling point (77 K) of liquid nitrogen was achieved. Barium is a metallic alkaline earth metal with the symbol Ba, and atomic number 56. It never occurs in nature in its pure form due to its reactivity with air, but combines with other chemicals such as sulfur or carbon and oxygen to form barium compounds that may be found as minerals. Copper is a chemical element with the symbol Cu and atomic number 29. Copper is an essential elements in plants and animals as it is required for the normal functioning of more than 30 enzymes. It occurs naturally throughout the environment in rocks, soil, water, and air. (L214, 408, L213, L277, L278)"]], ["Epoprostenol sodium", "CCCCC[C@@H](/C=C/[C@H]1[C@@H](C[C@H]2[C@@H]1C/C(=C/CCCC(=O)[O-])/O2)O)O.[Na+]", ["Epoprostenol Sodium is the sodium salt form of epoprostenol, a synthetic prostacyclin, a member of the family of prostaglandins, with vasodilatory and anticoagulant activity. Epoprostenol sodium directly simulates prostaglandin receptors in arterial vascular smooth muscle, thereby causing vasodilatation. This agent also inhibits platelet aggregation by antagonizing platelet glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa receptors, thereby preventing thrombus formation.", "A prostaglandin that is a powerful vasodilator and inhibits platelet aggregation. It is biosynthesized enzymatically from PROSTAGLANDIN ENDOPEROXIDES in human vascular tissue. The sodium salt has been also used to treat primary pulmonary hypertension (HYPERTENSION, PULMONARY)."]], ["beta-Bixin", "C/C(=C\\C=C\\C=C(/C)\\C=C\\C=C(/C)\\C=C\\C(=O)OC)/C=C/C=C(\\C)/C=C/C(=O)O", ["Beta-Bixin is a diterpenoid."]], ["3-Hydroxyiminobutan-2-one", "CC(=NO)C(=O)C", ["2-oxime 2,3-butanedione is a cream-colored powder. (NTP, 1992)"]], ["2,3-Butanedione monoxime", "C/C(=N\\O)/C(=O)C", ["2-oxime 2,3-butanedione is a cream-colored powder. (NTP, 1992)", "Diacetylmonoxime is a ketoxime obtained via formal condensation of butane-2,3-dione with hydroxylamine. It is a reversible myosin ATPase inhibitor. It has a role as a cholinesterase reactivator, a chromogenic compound and an EC 3.6.1.3 (adenosinetriphosphatase) inhibitor."]], ["all-trans-Retinoate", "CC1=C(C(CCC1)(C)C)/C=C/C(=C/C=C/C(=C/C(=O)[O-])/C)/C", ["All-trans-retinoate is a retinoate that is the conjugate base of all-trans-retinoic acid. It has a role as a human metabolite. It is a conjugate base of an all-trans-retinoic acid."]], ["9,13-Di-cis-retinoic acid", "CC1=C(C(CCC1)(C)C)/C=C/C(=C\\C=C\\C(=C/C(=O)O)\\C)/C", ["9,13-cis-Retinoic acid is a retinoid."]], ["Omigapil", "CN(CC#C)CC1=CC2=CC=CC=C2OC3=CC=CC=C31", ["CGP-3466 is a dibenzooxepine.", "Omigapil has been used in trials studying the treatment of Congenital Muscular Dystrophy."]], ["alpha-Carotene", "CC1=C(C(CCC1)(C)C)/C=C/C(=C/C=C/C(=C/C=C/C=C(\\C)/C=C/C=C(\\C)/C=C/[C@H]2C(=CCCC2(C)C)C)/C)/C", ["(6'R)-beta,epsilon-carotene is an alpha-carotene. It is an enantiomer of a (6'S)-beta,epsilon-carotene.", "alpha-Carotene is a natural product found in Hibiscus syriacus, Scandix stellata, and other organisms with data available."]], ["(R)-4-Hydroxy-4-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one", "C[C@]1(CCOC(=O)C1)O", ["R-mevalonolactone, (-)- is a delta-lactone. It has a role as a metabolite.", "(R)-4-Hydroxy-4-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one is a natural product found in Kionochaeta pughii, Trichoderma harzianum, and other organisms with data available."]], ["Dihydrostreptomycin sesquisulfate", "C[C@H]1[C@@]([C@H]([C@@H](O1)O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]2O)O)N=C(N)N)O)N=C(N)N)O[C@H]3[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O3)CO)O)O)NC)(CO)O.C[C@H]1[C@@]([C@H]([C@@H](O1)O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]2O)O)N=C(N)N)O)N=C(N)N)O[C@H]3[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O3)CO)O)O)NC)(CO)O.OS(=O)(=O)O.OS(=O)(=O)O.OS(=O)(=O)O", ["Dihydrostreptomycin Sulfate is a semi-synthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic with bactericidal properties. Dihydrostreptomycin sulfate inhibits protein synthesis by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit. This antibiotic is active against most gram-positive and gram-negative organisms and is used in the treatment of tuberculosis and tulemia.", "A semi-synthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic that is used in the treatment of TUBERCULOSIS."]], ["Doxepin Hydrochloride", "CN(C)CC/C=C/1\\C2=CC=CC=C2COC3=CC=CC=C31.Cl", ["Doxepin Hydrochloride is a dibenzooxazepine.", "Doxepin Hydrochloride is a dibenzoxepin derivative and tricyclic antidepressant with antipruritic and sedative activities. Doxepin blocks the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin into presynaptic terminals thereby prolonging the availability of the monoaminergic neurotransmitters within the synaptic cleft and enhancing their action leading to sedative effects. Doxepin also has antagonistic effects on histamine (H1 and H2), 5-HT2, alpha-1 adrenergic, and muscarinic receptors. The antipruritic effect of this agent is the result mediated through inhibition of histamine receptors.", "A dibenzoxepin tricyclic compound. It displays a range of pharmacological actions including maintaining adrenergic innervation. Its mechanism of action is not fully understood, but it appears to block reuptake of monoaminergic neurotransmitters into presynaptic terminals. It also possesses anticholinergic activity and modulates antagonism of histamine H(1)- and H(2)-receptors."]], ["(2S)-5-hydroxy-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-7-[[(2S,4R,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(2R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyl-2-oxanyl]oxymethyl]-2-oxanyl]oxy]-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran-4-one", "CC1[C@@H]([C@@H](C([C@@H](O1)OCC2[C@H]([C@H](C([C@@H](O2)OC3=CC(=C4C(=O)C[C@H](OC4=C3)C5=CC(=C(C=C5)OC)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O", ["(2S)-5-hydroxy-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-7-[[(2S,4R,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(2R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyl-2-oxanyl]oxymethyl]-2-oxanyl]oxy]-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran-4-one is a glycoside and a member of flavonoids."]], ["Homatropine hydrobromide", "CN1[C@@H]2CC[C@H]1CC(C2)OC(=O)C(C3=CC=CC=C3)O.Br", ["Homatropine Hydrobromide is the hydrobromide salt form of homatropine, a synthetic tertiary amine alkaloid with antimuscarinic properties. Homatropine, a competitive inhibitor of acetylcholine at the muscarinic receptor, blocks parasympathetic nerve stimulation. When applied topically to the eye, dilation of the pupil (mydriasis) and paralysis of accommodation (cycloplegia) result from the local anticholinergic effects on the ciliary muscle and iris."]], ["Streptomycin Sesquisulfate Hydrate", "C[C@H]1[C@@]([C@H]([C@@H](O1)O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]2O)O)N=C(N)N)O)N=C(N)N)O[C@H]3[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O3)CO)O)O)NC)(C=O)O.C[C@H]1[C@@]([C@H]([C@@H](O1)O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]2O)O)N=C(N)N)O)N=C(N)N)O[C@H]3[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O3)CO)O)O)NC)(C=O)O.OS(=O)(=O)O.OS(=O)(=O)O.OS(=O)(=O)O", ["Streptomycin sulfate (2:3) (salt) appears as an antibacterial. White to light gray or pale buff powder with faint amine-like odor.", "Streptomycin Sulfate is the sulfate salt form of streptomycin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from Streptomyces griseus with antibacterial property. Streptomycin sulfate binds to the S12 protein of the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, thereby inhibiting peptide elongation and protein synthesis, consequently leading to bacterial cell death.", "An antibiotic produced by the soil actinomycete Streptomyces griseus. It acts by inhibiting the initiation and elongation processes during protein synthesis."]], ["CID 6419968", "C1C(C(C(C(C1N)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)CN)O)O)N)O[C@H]3C([C@H]([C@H](O3)CO)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CN)O)O)N)O)O)N.OS(=O)(=O)O.OS(=O)(=O)O.OS(=O)(=O)O", ["Neomycin Sulfate is the sulfate salt form of neomycin, a broad spectrum aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from Streptomyces fradiae with antibacterial activity. Neomycin is an antibiotic complex consisting of 3 components: the two isomeric components B and C are the active components, and neomycin A is the minor component. Neomycin irreversibly binds to the 16S rRNA and S12 protein of the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit. As a result, this agent interferes with the assembly of initiation complex between mRNA and the bacterial ribosome, thereby inhibiting the initiation of protein synthesis. In addition, neomycin induces misreading of the mRNA template and causes translational frameshift, thereby results in premature termination. This eventually leads to bacterial cell death.", "Aminoglycoside antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces fradiae. It is composed of neomycins A, B, and C, and acts by inhibiting translation during protein synthesis."]], ["[6-[6-[[(4R,5S,6S,7R,9R,10R,11E,13E,16R)-4-acetyloxy-10-hydroxy-5-methoxy-9,16-dimethyl-2-oxo-7-(2-oxoethyl)-1-oxacyclohexadeca-11,13-dien-6-yl]oxy]-4-(dimethylamino)-5-hydroxy-2-methyloxan-3-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-2,4-dimethyloxan-3-yl] 3-methylbutanoate", "C[C@@H]1C/C=C/C=C/[C@@H]([C@@H](C[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](CC(=O)O1)OC(=O)C)OC)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)C)OC3CC(C(C(O3)C)OC(=O)CC(C)C)(C)O)N(C)C)O)CC=O)C)O", ["A macrolide antibiotic from Streptomyces narbonensis. The drug has antimicrobial activity against a wide spectrum of pathogens."]], ["Metaraminol hydrogen (+)-tartrate", "C[C@@H]([C@@H](C1=CC(=CC=C1)O)O)N.C(C(C(=O)O)O)(C(=O)O)O", ["A sympathomimetic agent that acts predominantly at alpha-1 adrenergic receptors. It has been used primarily as a vasoconstrictor in the treatment of HYPOTENSION."]], ["Vancomycin hydrochloride", "C[C@H]1[C@H]([C@@](C[C@@H](O1)O[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O[C@H]2OC3=C4C=C5C=C3OC6=C(C=C(C=C6)[C@H]([C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@H]5C(=O)N[C@@H]7C8=CC(=C(C=C8)O)C9=C(C=C(C=C9O)O)[C@H](NC(=O)[C@H]([C@@H](C1=CC(=C(O4)C=C1)Cl)O)NC7=O)C(=O)O)CC(=O)N)NC(=O)[C@@H](CC(C)C)NC)O)Cl)CO)O)O)(C)N)O.Cl", ["Vancomycin hydrochloride is an antibacterial prescription medicine approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of certain bacterial infections, such as infections caused by Clostridium difficile and Staphylococcus aureus.", "Vancomycin Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt of vancomycin, a branched tricyclic glycosylated peptide with bactericidal activity against most organisms and bacteriostatic effect on enterococci. At a site different from that of penicillins and cephalosporins, vancomycin binds tightly to the D-alanyl-D-alanine portion of cell wall precursors, thereby interfering with bacterial cell wall synthesis. This leads to activation of bacterial autolysins that destroy the cell wall by lysis. Vancomycin may also alter the permeability of bacterial cytoplasmic membranes and may selectively inhibit RNA synthesis.", "Antibacterial obtained from Streptomyces orientalis. It is a glycopeptide related to RISTOCETIN that inhibits bacterial cell wall assembly and is toxic to kidneys and the inner ear."]], ["4-Methyl-5-(2-(4-morpholinophenylamino)pyrimidin-4-yl)thiazol-2-amine", "CC1=C(SC(=N1)N)C2=NC(=NC=C2)NC3=CC=C(C=C3)N4CCOCC4", ["CYC116 is a novel anticancer compound with a unique target profile involving both cell cycle and angiogenesis inhibition mechanisms. In preclinical studies, CYC116 has demonstrated antitumor activity in both solid tumors and hematological cancers.  Cyclacel's small molecule investigational drug, CYC116, is the third orally-available Cyclacel drug to enter development, which demonstrated anticancer activity with a mechanism consistent with inhibition of Aurora kinase."]], ["Iroxanadine", "C1CCN(CC1)CC2CONC(=N2)C3=CN=CC=C3", ["BRX-235 (iroxanadine) is a a novel small molecule synthesized by Biorex, Hungary that acts as a cardioprotective agent. It induces phosphorylation of p38 SAPK, which plays an important role in EC homeostasis. endothelial cell (EC). EC function plays a central role in vascular diseases (e.g. atherosclerosis, restenosis, diabetic angiopathies, microvascular angina, peripheral arterial disease). BRX-235 also causes translocation of calcium-dependent protein kinase C isoform to membranes."]], ["Prostaphlin", "CC1=C(C(=NO1)C2=CC=CC=C2)C(=O)N[C@H]3[C@@H]4N(C3=O)[C@H](C(S4)(C)C)C(=O)[O-]", ["Oxacillin(1-) is a penicillinate anion. It is a conjugate base of an oxacillin.", "An antibiotic similar to FLUCLOXACILLIN used in resistant staphylococci infections."]], ["Dicloxacillin(1-)", "CC1=C(C(=NO1)C2=C(C=CC=C2Cl)Cl)C(=O)N[C@H]3[C@@H]4N(C3=O)[C@H](C(S4)(C)C)C(=O)[O-]", ["Dicloxacillin(1-) is a penicillinate anion. It is a conjugate base of a dicloxacillin.", "Dicloxacillin Sodium is the sodium salt form of dicloxacillin, a broad-spectrum, semi-synthetic beta-lactam with bactericidal and beta-lactamase resistant activity. Dicloxacillin sodium binds to penicillin binding proteins (PBP) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall.  It also inhibits the cross-linkage of peptidoglycan, a critical component of bacterial cell walls. This leads to the inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis and eventually causes cell lysis.", "One of the PENICILLINS which is resistant to PENICILLINASE."]], ["Isovalerylcarnitine", "CC(C)CC(=O)OC(CC(=O)[O-])C[N+](C)(C)C", ["O-isovalerylcarnitine is a C5-acylcarnitine having isovaleryl as the acyl substituent. It has a role as a human metabolite. It is functionally related to an isovaleric acid.", "Isovalerylcarnitine is a natural product found in Euglena gracilis and Schizosaccharomyces pombe with data available."]], ["Cevane-3,4,12,14,16,17,20-heptol, 4,9-epoxy-, 3-(3,4-dimethoxybenzoate), (3beta,4alpha,16beta)-", "CC1CCC2C(C3(C(CC4(C5CCC6[C@]7(C(CCC6(C5(O7)CC4(C3CN2C1)O)C)OC(=O)C8=CC(=C(C=C8)OC)OC)O)O)O)O)(C)O", ["A benzoate-cevane found in VERATRUM and Schoenocaulon. It activates SODIUM CHANNELS to stay open longer than normal."]], ["4'-Methyl-alpha-pyrrolidinopropiophenone", "CC1=CC=C(C=C1)C(=O)C(C)N2CCCC2", ["4'-Methyl-alpha-pyrrolidinopropiophenone is an aromatic ketone."]], ["Elemene", "CC(=C)[C@@H]1CC[C@@]([C@H](C1)C(=C)C)(C)C=C", ["(1S,2R,4R)-1-ethenyl-1-methyl-2,4-bis(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclohexane is a natural product found in Scapania undulata with data available."]], ["OF", "[O]F", ["Fluoridooxygen(.) is a fluorine oxide and an inorganic radical."]], ["Feridex", "[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Fe+2].[Fe+3].[Fe+3]", ["Ferumoxytol is an intravenously administered iron preparation indicated in the EU and the US for the treatment of iron deficiency anemia in adult patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD).  It is comprised of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles which are coated by a semi-synthetic carbohydrate shell in an isotonic, neutral pH solution that may be administered at relatively high dose by rapid intravenous injection.", "Ferumoxides non-stoichiometric magnetite is a Paramagnetic Contrast Agent. The mechanism of action of ferumoxides non-stoichiometric magnetite is as a Magnetic Resonance Contrast Activity.", "Ferumoxytol non-stoichiometric magnetite is a Parenteral Iron Replacement.", "Ferumoxytol is a superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle coated with a low molecular weight semi-synthetic carbohydrate, polyglucose sorbitol carboxymethyl ether, with potential anti-anemic and imaging properties. After intravenous administration, ferumoxytol replaces iron stores with fewer side effects compared to the use of oral iron.  In addition, this agent generates T1 relaxation, producing a magnetic field and enhancing T2 relaxation, thereby darkening contrast media-containing structures in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Due to small particle size, ferumoxytol remains in the intravasculature for a prolonged period and so may be used as a blood pool agent.", "Ferumoxides Non-Stoichiometric Magnetite is a non-stoichiometric magnetite core of superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) that can be used as part of contrast media to enhance magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Upon administration, ferumoxides non-stoichiometric magnetite is taken up by and accumulates in phagocytic reticuloendothelial system (RES) cells of the liver (Kupffer cells). When exposed to a strong external magnetic field, ferumoxides non-stoichiometric magnetite exhibits enhanced T2 relaxation, resulting in signal loss in normal tissues (image darkening) on mid T1/T2 or strongly T2-weighted images. Tissues with decreased RES function such as metastases, primary liver cancer, cysts, various benign tumors and hyperplasia, retain their native signal intensity, consequently the contrast between normal tissue (with image darkening) and abnormal tissue is increased."]], ["Manganese bromide", "[Mn+2].[Br-].[Br-]", ["Manganese bromide is a bromide of manganese. Manganese is a naturally occurring metal with the symbol Mn and the atomic number 25. It does not occur naturally in its pure form, but is found in many types of rocks in combination with other substances such as oxygen, sulfur, or chlorine. Manganese occurs naturally in most foods and small amounts are needed to stay healthy, as manganese ions act as cofactors for a number of enzymes. Bromine is a halogen element with the symbol Br and atomic number 35. Diatomic bromine does not occur naturally, but bromine salts can be found in crustal rock. (L625, L228, L229)"]], ["Diphenoxylate hydrochloride", "CCOC(=O)C1(CCN(CC1)CCC(C#N)(C2=CC=CC=C2)C3=CC=CC=C3)C4=CC=CC=C4.Cl", ["Diphenoxylate Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of diphenoxylate, a piperidine derivate, chemically related to narcotic meperidine, with antidiarrheal activity and devoid of central nervous system (CNS) activity. Diphenoxylate acts on opioid receptors in the gastrointestinal tract, thereby decreasing gastrointestinal motility and causing constipation or preventing diarrhea.", "A MEPERIDINE congener used as an antidiarrheal, usually in combination with ATROPINE. At high doses, it acts like morphine. Its unesterified metabolite difenoxin has similar properties and is used similarly. It has little or no analgesic activity."]], ["6-beta,7-beta-Epoxy-3-alpha-tropanyl S-(-)-tropate", "CN1C2CC(CC1[C@@H]3[C@H]2O3)OC(=O)C(CO)C4=CC=CC=C4", ["6-beta,7-beta-Epoxy-3-alpha-tropanyl S-(-)-tropate is a natural product found in Myoxanthus with data available.", "Scopolamine is a tropane alkaloid derived from plants of the nightshade family (Solanaceae), specifically Hyoscyamus niger and Atropa belladonna, with anticholinergic, antiemetic and antivertigo properties. Structurally similar to acetylcholine, scopolamine antagonizes acetylcholine activity mediated by muscarinic receptors located on structures innervated by postganglionic cholinergic nerves as well as on smooth muscles that respond to acetylcholine but lack cholinergic innervation. The agent is used to cause mydriasis, cycloplegia, to control the secretion of saliva and gastric acid, to slow gut motility, and prevent vomiting.", "An alkaloid from SOLANACEAE, especially DATURA and SCOPOLIA. Scopolamine and its quaternary derivatives act as antimuscarinics like ATROPINE, but may have more central nervous system effects. Its many uses include an anesthetic premedication, the treatment of URINARY INCONTINENCE and MOTION SICKNESS, an antispasmodic, and a mydriatic and cycloplegic."]], ["Pregn-4-ene-21-carboxylic acid, 7-(acetylthio)-17-hydroxy-3-oxo-, gamma-lactone, (7alpha,17alpha)-", "CC(=O)S[C@H]1CC2=CC(=O)CCC2(C3C1C4CC[C@@]5(C4(CC3)C)CCC(=O)O5)C", ["A potassium sparing diuretic that acts by antagonism of aldosterone in the distal renal tubules. It is used mainly in the treatment of refractory edema in patients with congestive heart failure, nephrotic syndrome, or hepatic cirrhosis. Its effects on the endocrine system are utilized in the treatments of hirsutism and acne but they can lead to adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p827)"]], ["Virormone", "CC12CCC3C(C1CC[C@@H]2O)CCC4=CC(=O)CCC34C", ["An ester of TESTOSTERONE with a propionate substitution at the 17-beta position."]], ["Minovlar", "CC12CCC3C(C1CC[C@@]2(C#C)O)CCC4=CC(=O)CCC34", ["A synthetic progestational hormone with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE but functioning as a more potent inhibitor of ovulation. It has weak estrogenic and androgenic properties. The hormone has been used in treating amenorrhea, functional uterine bleeding, endometriosis, and for contraception."]], ["Hydrogen isocyanide", "[C-]#[NH+]", ["Hydrogen isocyanide is a hydracid. It is a conjugate acid of a cyanide. It is a tautomer of a hydrogen cyanide.", "Hydrogen isocyanide is a chemical compound of cyanide with the molecular formula HNC. It is used in astrochemistry and as a tracer of dense gas in molecular clouds. (L555) It is a minor tautomer of hydrogen cyanide (HCN). Its importance in the field of astrochemistry is linked to its ubiquity in the interstellar medium."]], ["Marshite", "[Cu+].[I-]", ["Marshite is a mineral with formula of Cu1+I1- or CuI. The IMA symbol is Msh.", "Copper(I) iodide is an iodide of copper that occurs naturally as the rare mineral marshite. It is also used in organic synthesis, cloud seeding, to stabilize heat in nylon, and as a source of dietary iodine in table salt and animal feed. Copper is a chemical element with the symbol Cu and atomic number 29. Copper is an essential elements in plants and animals as it is required for the normal functioning of more than 30 enzymes. It occurs naturally throughout the environment in rocks, soil, water, and air. (L277, L278, L293)"]], ["Phenol, 4,4'-(1,2-diethyl-1,2-ethanediyl)bis-, (R*,S*)-", "CC[C@H](C1=CC=C(C=C1)O)C(CC)C2=CC=C(C=C2)O", ["Hexestrol is a synthetic hydrogenated derivative of diethylstilbestrol (DES). Hexestrol exhibits strong affinity for estrogen receptors that are overexpressed in some types of cancers.  When conjugated with a neoplastic drug, hexestrol may selectively concentrate the cytotoxic agent in estrogen receptor-rich tumors.  This agent may also be mutagenic. (NCI04)", "A synthetic estrogen that has been used as a hormonal antineoplastic agent.", "A synthetic estrogen that has been used as a hormonal antineoplastic agent."]], ["Hexaminolevulinate", "CCCCCCOC(=O)CCC(=O)CN", ["5-aminolevulinic acid hexyl ester is an organonitrogen compound and an organooxygen compound. It is functionally related to a delta-amino acid.", "Hexaminolevulinate is an optical imaging drug. In solution form it is instilled intravesically for use with photodynamic blue light cystoscopy as an adjunct to white light cystoscopy. On May 28, 2010, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granted approval for hexaminolevulinate hydrochloride (Cysview for Intravesical Solution, Photocure ASA), as an optical imaging agent for use in combination with the Karl Storz Photodynamic Diagnostic D-Light C (PDD) System for cystoscopic detection of non-muscle invasive papillary cancer of the bladder for patients suspected or known to have lesion(s) on the basis of a prior cystoscopy. Hexaminolevulinate is manufactured under the brand Cysview\u00ae by Photocure ASA. In Europe, Hexaminolevulinate is marketed under the brand Hexvix\u00ae.", "Hexaminolevulinate is the hexyl ester of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) with photodynamic properties. As a precursor of photoactive porphorins, hexyl 5-aminolevulinate induces the endogenous production of the photosensitizer protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) which accumulates selectively in tumor tissue. When exposed to specific wavelengths of light, PPIX is activated and, depending on the wavelength and/or intensity of light, either fluoresces, thereby allowing tumor imaging, or induces tumor cell apoptosis."]], ["Pipendoxifene", "CC1=C(N(C2=C1C=C(C=C2)O)CC3=CC=C(C=C3)OCCN4CCCCC4)C5=CC=C(C=C5)O", ["ER modulator, ERA-923(Pipendoxifene) is a estrogen receptor modulator being evaluated for the treatment of breast cancer. Pipendoxifene is a new 2-phenyl indole selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERM )that exhibits an excellent preclinical pharmacological profile and was selected for further development as a treatment for metastatic breast cancer.", "Pipendoxifene is a nonsteroidal 2-phenyl indole and a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) with potential antineoplastic activity. Pipendoxifene antagonizes binding of estradiol to estrogen receptor alpha (ER alpha), thereby inhibiting ER alpha-mediated gene expression, interfering with estrogen activity and inhibiting estrogen-stimulated growth in estrogen-dependent breast cancer. In addition, this agent also exerts intrinsic estrogenic activity depending on the tissue types."]], ["Neramexane", "CC1(CC(CC(C1)(C)N)(C)C)C", ["Neramexane is a low-to-moderate affinity uncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist."]], ["Emapunil", "CCN(CC1=CC=CC=C1)C(=O)CN2C3=NC(=NC=C3N(C2=O)C)C4=CC=CC=C4", ["Emapunil has been used in trials studying the basic science and diagnostic of Baseline, Blocking Receptor Binding, and Neurodegenerative Disorders."]], ["Enecadin", "CC1=NC(=CC(=N1)OCCCCCN2CCCCC2)C3=CC=C(C=C3)F", ["Enecadin has been investigated for the treatment of Stroke."]], ["Pruvanserin", "C1CN(CCN1CCC2=CC=C(C=C2)F)C(=O)C3=CC=CC4=C3NC=C4C#N", ["Pruvanserin is an indolecarboxamide.", "Pruvanserin has been used in trials studying the treatment of Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders."]], ["Ferrous Fumarate", "C(=C/C(=O)[O-])\\C(=O)[O-].[Fe+2]", ["Ferrous fumarate is a dicarboxylic acid.", "Used in treatment of iron deficiency anemia.", "Ferrous Fumarate is the fumarate salt form of the mineral iron. Administration of ferrous fumarate results in elevation of serum iron concentration, which is then assimilated into hemoglobin, required for the transport of oxygen, or trapped in the reticuloendothelial cells for storage. This agent is used as a dietary supplement, and to prevent or treat iron deficiency related syndromes."]], ["magnesium;methyl (3R,21S,22S)-16-ethenyl-11-ethyl-12,17,21,26-tetramethyl-4-oxo-22-[3-oxo-3-[(E)-3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadec-2-enoxy]propyl]-23,25-diaza-7,24-diazanidahexacyclo[18.2.1.15,8.110,13.115,18.02,6]hexacosa-1,5,8(26),9,11,13(25),14,16,18,20(23)-decaene-3-carboxylate", "CCC1=C(C2=NC1=CC3=C(C4=C([N-]3)C(=C5[C@H]([C@@H](C(=N5)C=C6C(=C(C(=C2)[N-]6)C=C)C)C)CCC(=O)OC/C=C(\\C)/CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)C)[C@H](C4=O)C(=O)OC)C)C.[Mg+2]", ["Chlorophyll is a porphyrin derivative conjugated with a magnesium ion that is found in plant chloroplasts, algae and cyanobacteria. Chlorophyll is essential to the process of photosynthesis. It absorbs light in the blue and red parts of the visible spectrum and transfers the absorbed photon energy to an electron, which is used to produce ATP.", "Porphyrin derivatives containing magnesium that act to convert light energy in photosynthetic organisms."]], ["3,3'-Diethylthiadicarbocyanine iodide", "CCN\\1C2=CC=CC=C2S/C1=C/C=C/C=C/C3=[N+](C4=CC=CC=C4S3)CC.[I-]", ["Dithiazanine iodide appears as green, needle-like crystals. Used as a veterinary anthelmintic, as a sensitizer for photographic emulsions and as an insecticides. Not registered as a pesticide in the U.S. (EPA, 1998)", "3-Ethyl-2-(5-(3-ethyl-2-benzothiazolinylidene)-1,3- pentadienyl)benzothiazolium. A benzothiazole that was formerly used as an antinematodal agent and is currently used as a fluorescent dye."]], ["Mercury oleate", "CCCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCC(=O)[O-].CCCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCC(=O)[O-].[Hg+2]", ["Mercury oleate appears as a yellowish to red liquid/semi-solid or solid mass. Prepared by dissolving yellow mercuric oxide in oleic acid. Contains 24-26% HgO by mass. Insoluble in water. Toxic by ingestion. Used in medicine, antiseptic and antifouling paint."]], ["Bambermycins", "C[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O1)O[C@@H]2[C@H](O[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]2O)NC(=O)C)O[C@@H]3[C@H]([C@]([C@H](O[C@@H]3OP(=O)(O)OC[C@H](C(=O)OCC/C=C(\\C)/CC/C=C/C(C)(C)CCC(=C)C/C=C(\\C)/CCC=C(C)C)O)C(=O)O)(C)O)OC(=O)N)CO[C@H]4[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O4)CO)O)O)O)NC(=O)C)O)O[C@H]5[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@H](O5)C(=O)NC6=C(CCC6=O)O)O)O)O", ["Bambermycins are antibiotic complexes which are retrieved from the organism, Streptomyces bambergiensis. They are used as an additive in food ingested by chickens and swine. The bambermycin complex of antibiotics consists primarily of moenomycins A and C.", "Antibiotic complex obtained from Streptomyces bambergiensis containing mainly Moenomycins A and C. They are used as feed additives and growth promoters for poultry, swine, and cattle."]], ["cobalt(2+);[(2R,3S,4R,5S)-5-(5,6-dimethylbenzimidazol-1-yl)-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl] [(2S)-1-[3-[(2R,3R,4Z,7S,9Z,12S,13S,14Z,17S,18S,19R)-2,13,18-tris(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-7,12,17-tris(3-amino-3-oxopropyl)-3,5,8,8,13,15,18,19-octamethyl-2,7,12,17-tetrahydro-1H-corrin-21-id-3-yl]propanoylamino]propan-2-yl] phosphate;hydrate", "CC1=CC2=C(C=C1C)N(C=N2)[C@@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O3)CO)OP(=O)([O-])O[C@@H](C)CNC(=O)CC[C@@]\\4([C@H](C5[C@]6([C@@]([C@@H](C(=N6)/C(=C\\7/[C@@]([C@@H](C(=N7)/C=C\\8/C([C@@H](C(=N8)/C(=C4\\[N-]5)/C)CCC(=O)N)(C)C)CCC(=O)N)(C)CC(=O)N)/C)CCC(=O)N)(C)CC(=O)N)C)CC(=O)N)C)O.O.[Co+2]", ["Hydroxocobalamin is a synthetic form of vitamin B12 that can be used as a dietary supplement to treat vitamin B12 deficiency. Upon administration, hydroxocobalamin mimics vitamin B12 and acts as an essential cofactor in various cellular reactions required for cell growth and replication, and hematopoiesis.", "Injectable form of VITAMIN B 12 that has been used therapeutically to treat VITAMIN B 12 DEFICIENCY."]], ["(1S,2R,8S)-1,9,10,11,12,12-hexachloro-4,6-dioxa-5lambda4-thiatricyclo[7.2.1.02,8]dodec-10-ene 5-oxide", "C1[C@H]2[C@@H](COS(=O)O1)C3(C(=C([C@@]2(C3(Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl", ["Endosulfan, beta is one of two stereoisomers of endosulfan. Endosulfan is an organochlorine insecticide and acaricide. It is used to control insects on food and non-food crops and as a wood preservative. Due to its toxicity and tendency to bioaccumulate, the use of endosulfan is banned in many areas. (L113)"]], ["Pyrantel tartrate", "CN1CCCN=C1/C=C/C2=CC=CS2.[C@@H]([C@H](C(=O)O)O)(C(=O)O)O", ["Broad spectrum anthelmintic for livestock."]], ["Heartgard-30", "CCC(C)[C@@H]1[C@H](CC[C@@]2(O1)CC3C[C@H](O2)C/C=C(/[C@H]([C@H](/C=C/C=C/4\\CO[C@H]5[C@@]4([C@@H](C=C([C@H]5O)C)C(=O)O3)O)C)O[C@H]6C[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O6)C)OC7C[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O7)C)O)OC)OC)\\C)C.C[C@H]1CC[C@]2(CC3C[C@H](O2)C/C=C(/[C@H]([C@H](/C=C/C=C/4\\CO[C@H]5[C@@]4([C@@H](C=C([C@H]5O)C)C(=O)O3)O)C)O[C@H]6C[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O6)C)OC7C[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O7)C)O)OC)OC)\\C)O[C@@H]1C(C)C", ["A mixture of mostly avermectin H2B1a (RN 71827-03-7) with some avermectin H2B1b (RN 70209-81-3), which are macrolides from STREPTOMYCES avermitilis. It binds glutamate-gated chloride channel to cause increased permeability and hyperpolarization of nerve and muscle cells. It also interacts with other CHLORIDE CHANNELS. It is a broad spectrum antiparasitic that is active against microfilariae of ONCHOCERCA VOLVULUS but not the adult form."]], ["Bryostatin", "CCC/C=C/C=C/C(=O)O[C@H]1/C(=C/C(=O)OC)/C[C@H]2CC(OC(=O)C[C@@H](CC3CC(C([C@@](O3)(CC4C/C(=C/C(=O)OC)/C[C@@H](O4)/C=C/C([C@@]1(O2)O)(C)C)O)(C)C)OC(=O)C)O)[C@@H](C)O", ["A group of 20-member macrolactones in which there are three remotely substituted pyran rings that are linked by a methylene bridge and an E-disubstituted alkene and have geminal dimethyls at C8 and C18 carbons. Some interact with PROTEIN KINASE C."]], ["Tezacitabine", "C1=CN(C(=O)N=C1N)[C@H]2/C(=C/F)/[C@@H]([C@H](O2)CO)O", ["A synthetic purine nucleoside analogue with potential antineoplastic activity.", "Tezacitabine Anhydrous is the anhydrous form of tezacitabine, a synthetic pyrimidine nucleoside analogue with potential antineoplastic activity. Phosphorylated by cellular kinases, tezacitabine is converted into its active diphosphate and triphosphate metabolites. Tezacitabine diphosphate binds to and irreversibly inhibits the activity of the enzyme ribonucleotide reductase (RNR), which may result in the inhibition of DNA synthesis in tumor cells and eventually tumor cell apoptosis. Tezacitabine triphosphate acts as a substrate for DNA polymerase, thereby further inhibiting DNA replication. RNR catalyzes the conversion of ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphates to deoxyribonucleoside 5'-diphosphates, a necessary step for DNA synthesis, and is overexpressed in many tumor cell types."]], ["Optimark", "COCCNC(=O)CN(CCN(CCN(CC(=O)NCCOC)CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-].[Gd+3]", ["Gadoversetamide is a paramagnetic extracellular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent that facilitates visualization of abnormal vascularity. When placed in a magnetic field, gadoversetamide decreases T1 (spin-lattice or longitudinal relaxation time) and T2 (spin-spin or transverse relaxation time) values in tissues where it accumulates. At the recommended dose, the effect is primarily on T1 relaxation time, and produces an increase in signal intensity. Gadoversetamide does not cross the intact blood-brain barrier. However, abnormal vascularity or disruption of the blood-brain barrier allows accumulation of gadoversetamide. (NCI05)"]], ["Nitrofurantoin [monohydrate]", "C1C(=O)NC(=O)N1/N=C\\C2=CC=C(O2)[N+](=O)[O-].O", ["Nitrofurantoin Monohydrate is a monohydrate form of nitrofurantoin, a synthetic derivative of imidazolidinedione (hydantoin) that inhibits bacterial DNA, RNA, and cell wall protein synthesis."]], ["Amoxicillin and clavulanic acid", "CC1([C@@H](N2[C@H](S1)[C@@H](C2=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](C3=CC=C(C=C3)O)N)C(=O)O)C.C1[C@@H]2N(C1=O)[C@H](/C(=C/CO)/O2)C(=O)O", ["A fixed-ratio combination of amoxicillin trihydrate and potassium clavulanate."]], ["Bactroban Nasal", "C[C@@H]([C@@H](O)C)[C@@H]1O[C@H]1C[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H](OC2)C/C(=C/C(=O)OCCCCCCCCC(=O)[O-])/C)O)O.C[C@@H]([C@@H](O)C)[C@@H]1O[C@H]1C[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H](OC2)C/C(=C/C(=O)OCCCCCCCCC(=O)[O-])/C)O)O.[Ca+2]", ["Mupirocin calcium (anhydrous) is the anhydrous form of the calcium salt of mupirocin. The dihydrate form is used as an antibacterial drug for the treatment of skin infections. It has a role as an antibacterial drug and a protein synthesis inhibitor. It contains a mupirocin(1-).", "Mupirocin Calcium is the calcium salt form of mupirocin, a natural crotonic acid derivative extracted from Pseudomonas fluorescens. Mupirocin inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by specific reversible binding to bacterial isoleucyl tRNA synthase. With excellent activity against gram-positive staphylococci and streptococci, it is primarily used for treatment of primary and secondary skin disorders, nasal infections, and wound healing. (NCI04)", "A topically used antibiotic from a strain of Pseudomonas fluorescens. It has shown excellent activity against gram-positive staphylococci and streptococci. The antibiotic is used primarily for the treatment of primary and secondary skin disorders, nasal infections, and wound healing."]], ["Prostalene", "CCCCC[C@](C)(/C=C/[C@H]1[C@@H](C[C@@H]([C@@H]1CC=C=CCCC(=O)OC)O)O)O", ["Analog of prostaglandin F2 alpha."]], ["Buccastem", "CN1CCN(CC1)CCCN2C3=CC=CC=C3SC4=C2C=C(C=C4)Cl.C(=C\\C(=O)O)\\C(=O)O", ["Prochlorperazine Maleate is the maleate salt form of prochlorperazine, a synthetic, piperazine phenothiazine derivative with antiemetic, antipsychotic, antihistaminic, and anticholinergic activities. Prochlorperazine binds to and blocks the postsynaptic dopamine D2-receptor in the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) of the brain and may prevent chemotherapy-induced emesis. Prochlorperazine maleate also blocks anticholinergic and alpha-adrenergic receptors. Its antagonistic actions on the alpha-1 adrenergic receptors results in sedation, muscle relaxation, and hypotension.", "A phenothiazine antipsychotic used principally in the treatment of NAUSEA; VOMITING; and VERTIGO. It is more likely than CHLORPROMAZINE to cause EXTRAPYRAMIDAL DISORDERS. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p612)"]], ["(1'R,2R,3S,4'S,6S,8'R,10'E,13'S,14'E,16'E,20'R,21'R,24'S)-2-cyclohexyl-21',24'-dihydroxy-12'-[(2R,4S,6S)-5-[(2S,4S,5S,6S)-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-4-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-3,11',13',22'-tetramethylspiro[2,3-dihydropyran-6,6'-3,7,19-trioxatetracyclo[15.6.1.14,8.020,24]pentacosa-10,14,16,22-tetraene]-2'-one", "C[C@H]1C=C[C@]2(C[C@@H]3C[C@H](O2)C/C=C(/C([C@H](/C=C/C=C/4\\CO[C@H]5[C@@]4([C@@H](C=C([C@H]5O)C)C(=O)O3)O)C)O[C@H]6C[C@@H](C([C@@H](O6)C)O[C@H]7C[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O7)C)O)OC)OC)\\C)O[C@@H]1C8CCCCC8", ["(1'R,2R,3S,4'S,6S,8'R,10'E,13'S,14'E,16'E,20'R,21'R,24'S)-2-cyclohexyl-21',24'-dihydroxy-12'-[(2R,4S,6S)-5-[(2S,4S,5S,6S)-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-4-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-3,11',13',22'-tetramethylspiro[2,3-dihydropyran-6,6'-3,7,19-trioxatetracyclo[15.6.1.14,8.020,24]pentacosa-10,14,16,22-tetraene]-2'-one is a natural product found in Streptomyces avermitilis with data available."]], ["Cinalukast", "CCC(CC)(CC(=O)NC1=CC=CC(=C1)/C=C/C2=NC(=CS2)C3CCC3)C(=O)O", ["Cinalukast is 2,2-Diethylsuccinanilic acid substituted at a meta- position by an (E)-2-(4-cyclobutyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)ethenyl group. It selectively antagonizes leukotriene D4 at the cysteinyl leukotriene receptor, in the human airway, preventing airway edema, smooth muscle contraction, and enhanced secretion of thick, viscous mucus. It is used in the treatment of asthma. It has a role as an anti-asthmatic drug, a leukotriene antagonist and an anti-arrhythmia drug. It is a member of 1,3-thiazoles and a carboxylic acid.", "Used in the treatment of asthma, cinalukast selectively antagonizes leukotriene D4 (LTD4) at the cysteinyl leukotriene receptor, CysLT1, in the human airway. Cinalukast inhibits the actions of LTD4 at the CysLT1 receptor, preventing airway edema, smooth muscle contraction, and enhanced secretion of thick, viscous mucus."]], ["coenzyme B12", "CC1=CC2=C(C=C1C)N(C=N2)[C@@H]3C(C([C@H](O3)CO)OP(=O)([O-])OC(C)CNC(=O)CC[C@@]\\4([C@H](C5[C@]6([C@@]([C@@H](C(=N6)/C(=C\\7/[C@@]([C@@H](C(=N7)/C=C\\8/C([C@@H](C(=N8)/C(=C4\\[N-]5)/C)CCC(=O)N)(C)C)CCC(=O)N)(C)CC(=O)N)/C)CCC(=O)N)(C)CC(=O)N)C)CC(=O)N)C)O.[CH2-]C1[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O1)N2C=NC3=C(N=CN=C32)N)O)O.[Co+3]", ["Adenosylcobalamin is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).", "Adenosylcobalamin is one of two metabolically active forms synthesized upon ingestion of vitamin B12 and is the predominant form in the liver; it acts as a coenzyme in the reaction catalyzed by methylmalonyl-CoA mutase. A cobalamin (cbl) derivative in which the substituent is deoxyadenosyl. It is one of two metabolically active forms synthesized upon ingestion of vitamin B12 and is the predominant form in the liver; it acts as a coenzyme in the reaction catalyzed by methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (MCM; E.C. 5.4.99.2). Inborn errors of vitamin B12 metabolism are autosomal recessive disorders and have been classified into nine distinct complementation classes. Disorders affecting adenosylcobalamin cause methylmalonic acidemia and metabolic acidosis. Methylmalonyl-CoA mutase catalyzes the conversion of L-methylmalonyl-CoA to succinyl-CoA and uses adenosylcobalamin (AdoCbl) as a cofactor. Cbl must be transported into mitochondria, reduced and adenosylated before it can be utilized by MCM. (A405)."]], ["carbanide;cobalt(3+);[5-(5,6-dimethylbenzimidazol-1-yl)-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl] 1-[3-[(4Z,9Z,14Z)-2,13,18-tris(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-7,12,17-tris(3-amino-3-oxopropyl)-3,5,8,8,13,15,18,19-octamethyl-2,7,12,17-tetrahydro-1H-corrin-21-id-3-yl]propanoylamino]propan-2-yl phosphate", "[CH3-].CC1=CC2=C(C=C1C)N(C=N2)C3C(C(C(O3)CO)OP(=O)([O-])OC(C)CNC(=O)CCC\\4(C(C5C6(C(C(C(=N6)/C(=C\\7/C(C(C(=N7)/C=C\\8/C(C(C(=N8)/C(=C4\\[N-]5)/C)CCC(=O)N)(C)C)CCC(=O)N)(C)CC(=O)N)/C)CCC(=O)N)(C)CC(=O)N)C)CC(=O)N)C)O.[Co+3]", ["The name vitamin B12 is used in two different ways. In a broad sense it refers to a group of cobalt-containing compounds known as cobalamins - cyanocobalamin (an artifact formed as a result of the use of cyanide in the purification procedures), hydroxocobalamin and the two coenzyme forms of B12, methylcobalamin (MeB12) and 5-deoxyadenosylcobalamin (adenosylcobalamin - AdoB12). In a more specific way, the term B12 is used to refer to only one of these forms, cyanocobalamin, which is the principal B12 form used for foods and in nutritional supplements. B12 cannot be made by plants or by animals, as the only type of organisms that have the enzymes required for the synthesis of B12 are bacteria and archaea. The total synthesis of B12 was reported in 1973 by Robert Burns Woodward, and remains one of the classic feats of total synthesis. Cyanocobalamin is a vitamin commonly known as vitamin B12 (or B12 for short)."]], ["Foradil acrolizer", "C[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(C=C1)OC)NC[C@H](C2=CC(=C(C=C2)O)NC=O)O.C(=C/C(=O)O)\\C(=O)O", ["Formoterol Fumarate is the fumarate salt form of formoterol, a long-acting and selective sympathomimetic beta-receptor agonist with bronchodilator activity. Formoterol fumarate binds beta 2 adrenergic receptors in bronchial smooth muscle and stimulates intracellular adenyl cyclase, thereby increasing the production of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). Increased cAMP levels cause relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle, improve mucociliary clearance and reduce mediator substance release in inflammatory cells, especially from mast cells. (NCI05)", "An ADRENERGIC BETA-2 RECEPTOR AGONIST with a prolonged duration of action. It is used to manage ASTHMA and in the treatment of CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE."]], ["(2E)-9-[3-(diaminomethylideneamino)propyl]-2-ethylidene-12-[(1E,3E)-6-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-7-phenylhepta-1,3-dienyl]-1,6,13-trimethyl-3,7,10,14,19-pentaoxo-1,4,8,11,15-pentazacyclononadecane-5,16-dicarboxylic acid", "C/C=C/1\\C(=O)NC(C(C(=O)NC(C(=O)NC(C(C(=O)NC(CCC(=O)N1C)C(=O)O)C)/C=C/C(=C/C(C)C(CC2=CC=CC=C2)OC)/C)CCCN=C(N)N)C)C(=O)O", ["Nodularin-R is a cyclic nonribosomal peptide produced by the planktonic cyanobacterium <i>Nodularia spumigena</i>. This cyanobacterium forms blooms in brackish water bodies throughout the world. Nodularin-R is a pentapeptide and contains several unusual non-proteinogenic amino acids such as methyldehydrobutyrine and the _-amino acid ADDA, (all-S,all-E)-3-amino-9-methoxy-2,6,8-trimethyl-10-phenyldeca-4,6-dienoic acid. Nodularin-R is a cyanotoxin and poses a health risk for wild and domestic animals as well as humans. Nodularin-R is a potent hepatotoxin and may cause serious damage to the liver."]], ["Asteltoxin", "CC[C@@H]1[C@]([C@]2([C@H]([C@H](O[C@H]2O1)/C=C/C=C/C=C/C3=C(C(=CC(=O)O3)OC)C)O)C)(C)O", ["Asteltoxin is a furofuran.", "Asteltoxin is a natural product found in Aspergillus insulicola, Aspergillus stellatus, and other organisms with data available.", "Asteltoxin is a mycotoxin of Aspergillus stellatus and Emericella varicolor\n\nAsteltoxin belongs to the family of Furofurans. These are organic compounds containing a two furan rings fused to each other."]], ["N-Acetyl-S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)-L-cysteine", "CC(=O)N[C@@H](CS/C(=C\\Cl)/Cl)C(=O)O", ["N-Acetyl-S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)-cysteine is a N-acyl-L-amino acid."]], ["Elacytarabine", "CCCCCCCC/C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](O1)N2C=CC(=NC2=O)N)O)O", ["Elacytarabine is a pyrimidine nucleoside.", "Elacytarabine is a fatty acid derivative of [cytarabine], an approved cytotoxic cancer drug. Cytarabine has limitations such as minimal uptake in solid tumours and is only used to treat leukaemia. Elacytarabine is designed to overcome this limitation and has shown considerable uptake in solid tumour cells. Elacytarabine is a patented new chemical entity of the nucleoside analog class, with improved biological properties and the potential to treat solid tumours such as non-small cell lung cancer, malignant melanoma and ovarian cancer.", "Elacytarabine is the lipophilic 5'-elaidic acid ester of the deoxycytidine analog cytosine arabinoside (cytarabine; Ara-C) with potential antineoplastic activity. As a prodrug, elacytarabine is converted intracellularly into cytarabine triphosphate by deoxycytidine kinase and subsequently competes with cytidine for incorporation into DNA, thereby inhibiting DNA synthesis. Compared to cytarabine, elacytarabine shows increased cellular uptake and retention, resulting in increased activation by deoxycytidine kinase to cytarabine triphosphate, decreased deamination and deactivation by deoxycytidine deaminase, and increased inhibition of DNA synthesis. This agent also inhibits RNA synthesis, an effect not seen with cytarabine."]], ["N-Cyclohexyl-N-ethyl-3-(3-chloro-4-cyclohexylphenyl)propen-2-ylamine hydrochloride", "CCN(C/C=C\\C1=CC(=C(C=C1)C2CCCCC2)Cl)C3CCCCC3.Cl", ["Arylacenamide (SR31747) is a peripheral [sigma] ligand that binds four proteins in human cells, i.e. SRBP-1, [sigma]-2, HSI and its relative SRBP-2. It is a dual agent with both immunomodulatory and antiproliferative activities."]], ["6-(4-Deoxy-4-((2E,4E)-tetradecadienoylglycyl)amino-L-glycero-b-L-mannoheptopyranosyl)amino-9H-purine", "CCCCCCCCC/C=C/C=C/C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@H]([C@H](O[C@H]1[C@H](CO)O)NC2=NC=NC3=C2NC=N3)O)O", ["KRN-5500 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT00002923 (KRN5500 in Treating Patients With Metastatic Solid Tumors)."]], ["Altropane", "COC(=O)[C@@H]1[C@H]2CC[C@H](N2C/C=C/I)C[C@@H]1C3=CC=C(C=C3)F", ["Altropane is an azabicycloalkane. It derives from a hydride of a tropane.", "Boston Life Sciences (BLS) is developing Altropane as a potential radio-imaging agent to be used with single photon emission tomography (SPECT), for the early diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)."]], ["Cerovive", "CC(C)(C)/[N+](=C/C1=C(C=C(C=C1)S(=O)(=O)[O-])S(=O)(=O)[O-])/[O-].[Na+].[Na+]", ["Disufenton Sodium is a disulfonyl derivative of phenyl-tert-butyl nitrone (PBN), with potential anti-glioma activity. Although the exact mechanism(s) of action of OKN007 are still largely unknown, this agent appears to inhibit cancer cell proliferation and migration. This agent appears to inhibit the activity of sulfatase 2 (SULF2), a highly specific endoglucosamine-6-sulfatase that is overexpressed in the extracellular matrix of cancer cells and catalyzes the removal of sulfate from the 6-O-sulfate esters of heparin. In addition, OKN007 may induce changes in tumor metabolism and scavenge free radicals."]], ["Rupintrivir", "CCOC(=O)/C=C/[C@H](C[C@@H]1CCNC1=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC2=CC=C(C=C2)F)CC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)C3=NOC(=C3)C", ["Rupintrivir is a rhinovirus 3C protease inhibitor in development for use against human rhinoviral (HRV) infections. Rupintrivir was active against all 48 HRV serotypes tested in a cell protection assay in H1-HeLa cells. It is designed to combat colds caused by rhinovirus.", "Rupintrivir is a peptidomimetic inhibitor with activity against human rhinoviruses. Rupintrivir is an irreversible 3C protease inhibitor which blocks processing of viral proteins, thus blocking viral replication."]], ["Comfrey", "C/C=C(\\C)/C(=O)OC1CC[N+]2(C1C(=CC2)COC(=O)C(C(C)C)(C(C)O)O)[O-]", ["Comfrey is an plant belonging to the Borganinaceae family, extracts of the leaves and roots of which has been used as an herbal to treat wounds and to decrease pain and inflammation associated with arthritis, sprains and bone fractures. Comfrey, however, also contains pyrrolizidine alkaloids and, when taken orally, can cause sinusoidal obstruction syndrome and severe liver injury."]], ["Metoprolol fumarate", "CC(C)NCC(COC1=CC=C(C=C1)CCOC)O.CC(C)NCC(COC1=CC=C(C=C1)CCOC)O.C(=C/C(=O)O)\\C(=O)O", ["Metoprolol Fumarate is the fumarate salt form of metoprolol, a cardioselective competitive beta-1 adrenergic receptor antagonist with antihypertensive properties and devoid of intrinsic sympathomimetic activity. Metoprolol antagonizes beta 1-adrenergic receptors in the myocardium, thereby reducing the rate and force of myocardial contraction, and consequently a diminished cardiac output. This agent may also reduce the secretion of renin with subsequent reduction in levels of angiotensin II thereby preventing vasoconstriction and aldosterone secretion."]], ["Thymectacin", "C[C@@H](C(=O)OC)NP(=O)(OC[C@@H]1[C@H](C[C@@H](O1)N2C=C(C(=O)NC2=O)/C=C/Br)O)OC3=CC=CC=C3", ["Thymectacin, a phosphoramidate derivative of (E)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine, is a novel small molecule anticancer agent. Thymectacin is selectively active against tumor cells expressing high levels of thymidylate synthase (TS), a critical enzyme in DNA biosynthesis. Thymectacin was as efficacious as irinotecan, a drug recently approved for the treatment of 5-fluorouracil-resistant colon cancer.", "Brivudine Phosphoramidate is a small molecule phosphoramidate derivative of (E)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (BVdU) with potential antineoplastic activity. Selectively active against tumor cells expressing high levels of thymidylate synthase (TS), brivudine is converted intracellularly by TS to bromovinyldeoxyuridine monophosphate (BVdUMP) which competes with the natural substrate, deoxyuridine monophosphate, for binding to TS. Unlike TS inhibitors, this agent is a reversible substrate for TS catalysis. Thus, TS retains activity and converts BVdUMP into cytotoxic metabolites. As key enzyme in the de novo synthesis of dTMP, TS is an enzyme critical to DNA biosynthesis and is overexpressed in many solid tumors."]], ["Mycophenolate mofetil hydrochloride", "CC1=C2COC(=O)C2=C(C(=C1OC)C/C=C(\\C)/CCC(=O)OCCN3CCOCC3)O.Cl", ["Compound derived from Penicillium stoloniferum and related species. It blocks de novo biosynthesis of purine nucleotides by inhibition of the enzyme inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMP DEHYDROGENASE). Mycophenolic acid exerts selective effects on the immune system in which it prevents the proliferation of T-CELLS, LYMPHOCYTES, and the formation of antibodies from B-CELLS. It may also inhibit recruitment of LEUKOCYTES to sites of INFLAMMATION."]], ["Microcystin LL", "C[C@H]1[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H]([C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C(=C)N(C(=O)CC[C@@H](NC1=O)C(=O)O)C)C)CC(C)C)C(=O)O)C)CC(C)C)/C=C/C(=C/[C@H](C)[C@H](CC2=CC=CC=C2)OC)/C", ["Microcystin-LL is a microcystin that can inhibit phosphatase activity. Microcystins (also known as cyanoginosins) are a class of toxins produced by certain freshwater cyanobacteria. Microcystins are chemically stable over a wide range of temperature and pH, possibly as a result of their cyclic structure. The toxins are also resistant to enzymatic hydrolysis (in guts of animals) by some general proteases, such as pepsin, trypsin, collagenase, and chymotrypsin."]], ["Tiglylglycine", "C/C=C(\\C)/C(=O)NCC(=O)O", ["Tiglylglycine is an N-acylglycine that is glycine with an amine hydrogen substituted by a 2-methylbut-2-enoyl (tiglyl) group. It has a role as a metabolite. It is functionally related to a glycine.", "Tiglylglycine is a natural product found in Aeromonas veronii with data available."]], ["1-Palmitoyl-2-docosahexaenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CC", ["1-hexadecanoyl-2-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z-docosahexaenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is a phosphatidylcholine 38:6 in which the acyl groups at C-1 and C-2 are specified as hexadecanoyl and (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoyl respectively. It has a role as a mouse metabolite. It is functionally related to a hexadecanoic acid and an all-cis-docosa-4,7,10,13,16,19-hexaenoic acid.", "PC(16:0/22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["[(3R)-1-[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-2-[[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6R)-3-hydroxy-4-[(3R)-3-hydroxydecoxy]-5-(3-oxotetradecanoylamino)-6-phosphonooxyoxan-2-yl]methoxy]-6-(methoxymethyl)-3-(3-oxotetradecanoylamino)-5-phosphonooxyoxan-4-yl]oxydecan-3-yl] (Z)-dodec-5-enoate", "CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)CC(=O)N[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O[C@@H]1OP(=O)(O)O)CO[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O2)COC)OP(=O)(O)O)OCC[C@@H](CCCCCCC)OC(=O)CCC/C=C\\CCCCCC)NC(=O)CC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC)O)OCC[C@@H](CCCCCCC)O", ["E5531 is an endotoxin antagonist."]], ["Meso-zeaxanthin", "CC1=C(C(C[C@@H](C1)O)(C)C)/C=C/C(=C/C=C/C(=C/C=C/C=C(/C=C/C=C(/C=C/C2=C(C[C@@H](CC2(C)C)O)C)\\C)\\C)/C)/C", ["Meso-zeaxanthin is a carotenol that is beta,beta-carotene carrying two hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 3' (the 3R,3'S-diastereomer). It is rarely found in diet and is believed to be formed at the macula by metabolic transformations of ingested carotenoids. It has a role as an antioxidant, a marine metabolite, a human xenobiotic metabolite and an anti-inflammatory agent. It derives from a hydride of a beta-carotene.", "Meso-zeaxanthin is a natural product found in Homo sapiens with data available."]], ["(9Z,11E,13S)-13-hydroxyoctadeca-9,11-dienoic acid", "CCCCC[C@@H](/C=C/C=C\\CCCCCCCC(=O)O)O", ["13(S)-HODE is an HODE (hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid) in which the double bonds are at positions 9 and 11 (E and Z geometry, respectively) and the hydroxy group is at position 13 (with S-configuration). It has a role as a mouse metabolite, a human xenobiotic metabolite and an antineoplastic agent. It is a conjugate acid of a 13(S)-HODE(1-).", "(9Z,11E,13S)-13-hydroxyoctadeca-9,11-dienoic acid is a natural product found in Deprea subtriflora, Lithothamnion corallioides, and other organisms with data available.", "13-Hydroxyoctadecadienoic Acid is a monohydroxy fatty acid resulting from the oxidation of linoleic acid or 13-hydroperoxy-9,11-octadecadienoic acid (13-HpODE). 13-HODE may mediate physiological and pathological responses and is a potential biomarker of various human diseases, and could contribute to the progression of certain diseases."]], ["PC(o-18:1(9Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))", "CCCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCCOC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCC", ["PC(o-18:1(9Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z)) is a glycerophosphocholine.", "PC(o-18:1(9Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["1-Palmitoyl-2-palmitoleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCC", ["1-palmitoyl-2-palmitoleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is a phosphatidylcholine 32:1 in which the acyl groups at C-1 and C-2 are hexadecanoyl and (9Z)-hexadec-9-enoyl respectively. It has a role as a mouse metabolite. It is a phosphatidylcholine 32:1 and a 1-acyl-2-palmitoleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine. It is functionally related to a hexadecanoic acid and a palmitoleic acid.", "1-Palmitoyl-2-palmitoleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is a natural product found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Drosophila melanogaster with data available.", "PC(16:0/16:1(9Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["Mubritinib", "C1=CC(=CC=C1CCCCN2C=CN=N2)OCC3=COC(=N3)/C=C/C4=CC=C(C=C4)C(F)(F)F", ["Mubritinib has been used in trials studying the treatment of Lung Neoplasm, Renal Neoplasm, Breast Neoplasm, Ovarian Neoplasm, and Pancreatic Neoplasm."]], ["Nalfurafine", "CN([C@@H]1CC[C@]2([C@H]3CC4=C5[C@]2([C@H]1OC5=C(C=C4)O)CCN3CC6CC6)O)C(=O)/C=C/C7=COC=C7", ["Nalfurafine is a member of phenanthrenes."]], ["Iferanserin", "CN1CCCC[C@H]1CCC2=CC=CC=C2NC(=O)/C=C/C3=CC=CC=C3", ["Iferanserin has been investigated for the treatment of Hemorrhoids."]], ["1H-Indene-3-acetamide, 5-fluoro-2-methyl-N-(phenylmethyl)-1-(4-pyridinylmethylene)-, monohydrochloride, (1Z)-", "CC\\1=C(C2=C(/C1=C\\C3=CC=NC=C3)C=CC(=C2)F)CC(=O)NCC4=CC=CC=C4.Cl", ["OSI-461 is a second-generation molecule belonging to a new class of drugs termed selective apoptotic anti-neoplastic drugs (SAANDs).", "Proapoptotic Sulindac Analog CP-461 is an orally bioavailable second-generation selective apoptotic antineoplastic drug (SAAND) and analog of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) sulindac, with potential pro-apoptotic and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, CP-461 specifically binds to and blocks the activity of cyclic guanosine monophosphate-phosphodiesterase (cGMP-PDE), an enzyme that inhibits the normal apoptosis signal pathway. Inhibition of cGMP-PDE permits the apoptotic signal pathway to proceed unopposed, resulting in apoptotic cell death. cGMP-PDE is overexpressed in a variety of cancer cell types; therefore, CP-461 selectively induces apoptosis in cancer cells, with minimal or no effect in healthy cells."]], ["(1R,9S,12S,13R,14S,17R,18Z,21S,23S,24R,25S,27R)-12-[(E)-1-[(1R,3R,4S)-4-chloro-3-methoxycyclohexyl]prop-1-en-2-yl]-17-ethyl-1,14-dihydroxy-23,25-dimethoxy-13,19,21,27-tetramethyl-11,28-dioxa-4-azatricyclo[22.3.1.04,9]octacos-18-ene-2,3,10,16-tetrone", "CC[C@@H]1/C=C(\\C[C@@H](C[C@@H]([C@@H]2[C@H](C[C@H]([C@@](O2)(C(=O)C(=O)N3CCCC[C@H]3C(=O)O[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](CC1=O)O)C)/C(=C/[C@@H]4CC[C@@H]([C@@H](C4)OC)Cl)/C)O)C)OC)OC)C)/C", ["Pimecrolimus is a 33-epi-chloro-derivative of the ascomycin macrolactam with immunosuppressant property. Pimecrolimus binds to the receptor macrophilin-12 (FKBP-12) forming a complex that blocks the calcium-dependent signal transduction cascade mediated by calcineurin. Via dephosphorylation, calcineurin is the enzyme responsible for activating nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NF-AT), a T cell transcriptional regulatory factor. As a consequence, the synthesis and release of Th1- (T helper 1) and Th2- (T helper 2) type cytokines, and other inflammatory mediators from T-cells and mast cells are blocked and the expression of signals essential for the activation of inflammatory T-lymphocytes is inhibited. However, pimecrolimus mode of action is cell-selective and does not affect Langerhans' cells/dendritic cells and primary fibroblasts."]], ["[2-hexadecanoyloxy-3-[(Z)-octadec-9-enoyl]oxypropyl] 2-(trimethylazaniumyl)ethyl phosphate", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC(COC(=O)CCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["ETC-588, or LUV (large unilamellar vesicles), is made of naturally occurring lipids that circulate through arteries to facilitate the role of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in removing accumulated cholesterol and other lipids from cells including those in the arterial wall. LUV are capable of transporting excess cholesterol from the vasculature to the liver for eventual elimination as part of the reverse lipid transport (RLT) pathway. It is believed that the removal of cholesterol by ETC-588 through this pathway may result in the reversal of atherosclerosis. Esperion is currently developing ETC-588 as a treatment for patients with acute coronary syndromes."]], ["Terbogrel", "CC(C)(C)N=C(NC#N)NC1=CC=CC(=C1)/C(=C\\CCCC(=O)O)/C2=CN=CC=C2", ["Terbogrel is a diterpene glycoside.", "Terbogrel has been used in trials studying the treatment of Hypertension, Pulmonary."]], ["Eritoran tetrasodium", "CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)CC(=O)N[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O[C@@H]1OP(=O)([O-])[O-])CO[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O2)COC)OP(=O)([O-])[O-])OCC[C@@H](CCCCCCC)OC)NC(=O)CCCCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCC)O)OCCCCCCCCCC.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+]", ["Eritoran tetrasodium is an organic sodium salt which is the tetrasodium salt of eritoran. It contains an eritoran(4-).", "Eritoran Tetrasodium is the tetrasodium salt form of eritoran, a synthetic analogue of the lipid A portion of the endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS), with potential immunomodulating activity. Eritoran binds to a receptor complex composed of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), CD14 and MD2 (MD-2, LY96) that is present on most cells of the immune system, inhibiting the activation of the receptor complex by LPS, which may result in the inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion and a potentially fatal systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). LPS is found in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria and binds to the TLR4/CD14/MD2 receptor complex of immune cells, including macrophages, resulting in the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines."]], ["Artemether and lumefantrine", "CCCCN(CCCC)CC(C1=CC(=CC\\2=C1C3=C(/C2=C/C4=CC=C(C=C4)Cl)C=C(C=C3)Cl)Cl)O.C[C@@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]([C@H](O[C@H]3[C@@]24[C@H]1CCC(O3)(OO4)C)OC)C", ["Drug combination of artemether and lumefantrine that is used to treat PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM MALARIA."]], ["Laniquidar", "COC(=O)C1=CN=C2N1CCC3=CC=CC=C3C2=C4CCN(CC4)CCC5=CC=C(C=C5)OCC6=NC7=CC=CC=C7C=C6", ["Laniquidar has been used in trials studying the treatment of Breast Cancer.", "Laniquidar is a stereoisomer of verapamil and third-generation P-glycoprotein inhibitor. Laniquidar inhibits the drug efflux pump P-glycoprotein, resulting in higher concentrations of antineoplastic agents in tumor cells that are multi-drug resistant due to the overexpression of P-glycoprotein. (NCI04)"]], ["Indiplon", "CC(=O)N(C)C1=CC=CC(=C1)C2=CC=NC3=C(C=NN23)C(=O)C4=CC=CS4", ["Indiplon is a member of pyrimidines.", "Indiplon has been used in trials studying the treatment of Insomnia and Depression."]], ["Ispinesib mesylate", "CC1=CC=C(C=C1)C(=O)N(CCCN)[C@@H](C2=NC3=C(C=CC(=C3)Cl)C(=O)N2CC4=CC=CC=C4)C(C)C.CS(=O)(=O)O", ["Ispinesib Mesylate is the mesylate salt form of ispinesib, a synthetic small molecule, derived from quinazolinone, and kinesin spindle protein (KSP) inhibitor, with antineoplastic activity. Ispinesib selectively inhibits KSP and prevents its binding to microtubules, resulting in inhibition of mitotic spindle assembly, induction of cell cycle arrest during the M-phase, and cell death in tumor cells that are actively dividing."]], ["1-(5-(4-Fluorobenzyl)furan-2-yl)-3-hydroxy-3-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)propene", "C1=CC(=CC=C1CC2=CC=C(O2)C(=O)/C=C(/C3=NC=NN3)\\O)F", ["GW810781 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT00046332 (A Study Comparing 4 Doses of GW810781 Versus Placebo in Hiv-infected Patients)."]], ["Netupitant", "CC1=CC=CC=C1C2=CC(=NC=C2N(C)C(=O)C(C)(C)C3=CC(=CC(=C3)C(F)(F)F)C(F)(F)F)N4CCN(CC4)C", ["Netupitant is a monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2-methylpropanoic acid with the secondary amino group of N-methyl-4-(2-methylphenyl)-6-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)pyridin-3-amine; an antiemetic used in combination with palonosetron hydrochloride (under the trade name Akynzeo) to treat nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing cancer chemotherapy. It has a role as an antiemetic and a neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist. It is a monocarboxylic acid amide, an organofluorine compound, an aminopyridine, a member of toluenes, a N-alkylpiperazine and a N-arylpiperazine.", "Netupitant is an antiemitic drug approved by the FDA in October 2014 for use in combination with palonosetron for the prevention of acute and delayed vomiting and nausea associated with cancer chemotherapy including highly emetogenic chemotherapy. Netupitant is a neurokinin 1 receptor antagonist. The combination drug is marketed by Eisai Inc. and Helsinn Therapeutics (U.S.) Inc. under the brand Akynzeo.", "Netupitant is a Substance P/Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonist. The mechanism of action of netupitant is as a Neurokinin 1 Antagonist, and Cytochrome P450 3A4 Inhibitor, and P-Glycoprotein Inhibitor, and Breast Cancer Resistance Protein Inhibitor.", "Netupitant is a selective neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor antagonist with potential antiemetic activity. Netupitant competitively binds to and blocks the activity of the human substance P/NK1 receptors in the central nervous system (CNS), thereby inhibiting NK1-receptor binding of the endogenous tachykinin neuropeptide substance P (SP), which may result in the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV). SP is found in neurons of vagal afferent fibers innervating the brain-stem nucleus tractus solitarii and the area postrema, which contains the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ), and may be elevated in response to chemotherapy. The NK-receptor is a G-protein receptor coupled to the inositol phosphate signal-transduction pathway and is found in both the nucleus tractus solitarii and the area postrema."]], ["Chromium chloride", "[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cr+3]", ["Chromium(3+) trichloride is a chromium chloride with the chromium cation in the +3 oxidation state. It has a role as a Lewis acid and a sensitiser.", "Chromic chloride, for injection, is a sterile, nonpyrogenic solution intended for use as an additive to solutions for Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN)."]], ["Manganese hydrogen phosphate", "OP(=O)([O-])[O-].[Mn+2]", ["Hureaulite is a mineral with formula of Mn2+5(PO4)2(PO3OH)2\u00b74H2O or Mn2+5(PO3OH)2(PO4)2\u00b74H2O. The corresponding IMA (International Mineralogical Association) number is IMA2007 s.p.. The IMA symbol is Hur."]], ["Technetium Tc-99m pyrophosphate", "[O-]P(=O)([O-])OP(=O)([O-])[O-].[99Tc+4]", ["A radionuclide imaging agent used primarily in scintigraphy or tomography of the heart to evaluate the extent of the necrotic myocardial process. It has also been used in noninvasive tests for the distribution of organ involvement in different types of amyloidosis and for the evaluation of muscle necrosis in the extremities."]], ["Belotecan", "CC[C@@]1(C2=C(COC1=O)C(=O)N3CC4=C(C5=CC=CC=C5N=C4C3=C2)CCNC(C)C)O", ["Belotecan is a pyranoindolizinoquinoline.", "Belotecan has been investigated for the treatment of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer."]], ["Ensorb", "CC1=C(C(=O)C(=C(C1=O)OC)OC)C/C=C(\\C)/CC/C=C(\\C)/CC/C=C(\\C)/CC/C=C(\\C)/CC/C=C(/C)\\CC/C=C(\\C)/CC/C=C(\\C)/CC/C=C(\\C)/CC/C=C(\\C)/CCC=C(C)C", ["A lipid-soluble benzoquinone which is involved in ELECTRON TRANSPORT in mitochondrial preparations. The compound occurs in the majority of aerobic organisms, from bacteria to higher plants and animals."]], ["(1R,3S,5R,7R,8E,12R,14E,16E,18E,20E,22R,25R,26S)-22-[(3S,4S,5S,6R)-4-amino-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-1,3,26-trihydroxy-12-methyl-10-oxo-6,11,28-trioxatricyclo[22.3.1.05,7]octacosa-8,14,16,18,20-pentaene-25-carboxylic acid", "C[C@@H]1C/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/[C@@H](CC2[C@@H]([C@H](C[C@](O2)(C[C@H](C[C@@H]3[C@H](O3)/C=C/C(=O)O1)O)O)O)C(=O)O)OC4[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O4)C)O)N)O", ["Natamycin is a polyene amphoteric macrolide antibiotic with antifungal properties. Natamycin exerts its antifungal effects by binding to sterols in the fungal cell membrane thereby increasing membrane permeability. This leads to a leakage and loss of essential cellular constituents. Following ocular application, natamycin is retained in the conjunctival fornices and attains effective concentrations within the corneal stroma where it exerts its effect.", "Amphoteric macrolide antifungal antibiotic from Streptomyces natalensis or S. chattanoogensis. It is used for a variety of fungal infections, mainly topically."]], ["Axion", "CC1=CC2=C(C=C1C)N(C=N2)[C@@H]3C(C([C@H](O3)CO)OP(=O)([O-])OC(C)CNC(=O)CC[C@@]\\4([C@H](C5[C@]6([C@@]([C@@H](C(=N6)/C(=C\\7/[C@@]([C@@H](C(=N7)/C=C\\8/C([C@@H](C(=N8)/C(=C4\\[N-]5)/C)CCC(=O)N)(C)C)CCC(=O)N)(C)CC(=O)N)/C)CCC(=O)N)(C)CC(=O)N)C)CC(=O)N)C)O.O.[Co+2]", ["Hydroxocobalamin is a synthetic form of vitamin B12 that can be used as a dietary supplement to treat vitamin B12 deficiency. Upon administration, hydroxocobalamin mimics vitamin B12 and acts as an essential cofactor in various cellular reactions required for cell growth and replication, and hematopoiesis.", "Injectable form of VITAMIN B 12 that has been used therapeutically to treat VITAMIN B 12 DEFICIENCY."]], ["Calomide", "CC1=CC2=C(C=C1C)N(C=N2)[C@@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O3)CO)OP(=O)([O-])O[C@H](C)CNC(=O)CC[C@@]\\4([C@H]([C@@H]5[C@]6([C@@]([C@@H](C(=N6)/C(=C\\7/[C@@]([C@@H](C(=N7)/C=C\\8/C([C@@H](C(=N8)/C(=C4\\[N-]5)/C)CCC(=O)N)(C)C)CCC(=O)N)(C)CC(=O)N)/C)CCC(=O)N)(C)CC(=O)N)C)CC(=O)N)C)O.[CH2-][C@@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O1)N2C=NC3=C(N=CN=C32)N)O)O.[Co+3]", ["Adenosylcobalamin is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655)."]], ["Dimethylcurcumin", "COC1=C(C=C(C=C1)/C=C/C(=C/C(=O)/C=C/C2=CC(=C(C=C2)OC)OC)/O)OC", ["Dimethylcurcumin is a synthetic chemical compound that is loosely based on a compound found in curcumin. It is a novel anti-androgen that enhances androgen receptor degradation."]], ["Fenistil", "CC(C1=CC=CC=N1)C2=C(CC3=CC=CC=C32)CCN(C)C.C(=C/C(=O)O)\\C(=O)O", ["A histamine H1 antagonist. It is used in hypersensitivity reactions, in rhinitis, for pruritus, and in some common cold remedies."]], ["Scy-635", "CC[C@H]1C(=O)N([C@@H](C(=O)N([C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N([C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](C(=O)N([C@H](C(=O)N([C@H](C(=O)N([C@H](C(=O)N([C@H](C(=O)N1)[C@@H]([C@H](C)C/C=C/C)O)C)C(C)C)C)CC(C)C)C)CC(C)C)C)C)C)CC(C)C)C)C(C)C)CC(C)(C)O)C)SCCN(C)C)C", ["SCY-635 has been investigated for the treatment of Chronic Hepatitis C and Hepatitis C Infection."]], ["Azlocillin", "CC1([C@@H](N2[C@H](S1)[C@@H](C2=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](C3=CC=CC=C3)NC(=O)N4CCNC4=O)C(=O)O)C", ["Azlocillin is a semisynthetic penicillin having a 6beta-{(2R)-2-[(2-oxoimidazolidine-1-carbonyl)amino]-2-phenylacetyl}amino side-group. It is an antibiotic used in treating infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Haemophilus influenzae. It has a role as an antibacterial drug. It is a penicillin, a semisynthetic derivative and a penicillin allergen. It is a conjugate acid of an azlocillin(1-).", "Azlocillin is a semisynthetic ampicillin-derived acylureido penicillin.", "Azlocillin is a natural product found in Apis cerana with data available.", "Azlocillin is a semisynthetic, extended spectrum acylampicillin with antibacterial activity. Azlocillin binds to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located inside the bacterial cell wall, thereby inhibiting the cross-linking of peptidoglycans, which are critical components of the bacterial cell wall. This prevents proper bacterial cell wall synthesis, thereby results in the weakening of the bacterial cell wall and eventually leading to cell lysis.", "A semisynthetic ampicillin-derived acylureido penicillin."]], ["PMCDG dipivoxil", "CC(C)(C)C(=O)OCOP(=O)(COC1(CC1)CN2C=NC3=CN=C(N=C32)N)OCOC(=O)C(C)(C)C", ["Besifovir dipivoxil is a small-molecule orally available inhibitor of the HBV polymerase. The HBV polymerase is the enzyme that catalyzes the production of new RNA from the existing strand of RNA. Besifovir dipivoxil is believed to inhibit viral proliferation by interrupting the replicating machinery of the virus."]], ["Delamanid", "C[C@@]1(CN2C=C(N=C2O1)[N+](=O)[O-])COC3=CC=C(C=C3)N4CCC(CC4)OC5=CC=C(C=C5)OC(F)(F)F", ["Delamanid is a member of piperidines.", "Delamanid is an anti-tuberculosis agent derived from the nitro-dihydro-imidazooxazole class of compounds that inhibits mycolic acid synthesis of bacterial cell wall. It is used in the treatment of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) in a combination regimen. Emergence of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis creates clinical challenges for patients, as the disease is associated with a higher mortality rate and insufficient therapeutic response to standardized antituberculosis treatments as [DB00951] and [DB01045]. Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis may also require more than 2 years of chemotherapy and second-line therapies with narrow therapeutic index. In a clinical study involving patients with pulmonary multidrug-resistant tuberculosis or extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis, treatment of delamanid in combination with WHO-recommended optimised background treatment regimen was associated with improved treatment outcomes and reduced mortality rate. Spontaneous resistance to delamanid was observed during treatment, where mutation in one of the 5 F420 coenzymes responsible for bioactivation of delamanid contributes to this effect. Delamanid is approved by the EMA and is marketed under the trade name Deltyba as oral tablets. It is marketed by Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd (Tokyo, Japan).", "Delamanid is a nitro-dihydro-imidazooxazole derivative, with antimycobacterial activity. Upon oral administration, delamanid, a prodrug, is activated via the mycobacterial F420 coenzyme system to form a reactive intermediate metabolite that inhibits the synthesis of the mycobacterial cell wall components methoxy-mycolic and keto-mycolic acid. This leads to the depletion of these cell wall components and destruction of mycobacteria."]], ["Tanespimycin", "C[C@H]1C[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](/C=C(/[C@@H]([C@H](/C=C\\C=C(\\C(=O)NC2=CC(=O)C(=C(C1)C2=O)NCC=C)/C)OC)OC(=O)N)\\C)C)O)OC", ["Tanespimycin is a 19-membered macrocyle that is geldanamycin in which the methoxy substituent attached to the benzoquinone moiety has been replaced by an allylamino group. It is a potent inhibitor of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90). A less toxic analogue than geldanamycin, it induces apoptosis and displays antitumour effects. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent, a Hsp90 inhibitor and an apoptosis inducer. It is a secondary amino compound, an ansamycin, a carbamate ester, an organic heterobicyclic compound and a member of 1,4-benzoquinones. It is functionally related to a geldanamycin.", "Tanespimycin, manufactured by Conforma Therapeutics is under development as a small molecule inhibitor of heat shock protein 90 (HSP90). It is developed for the treatment of several types of cancer, solid tumors or chronic myelogenous leukemia.", "Tanespimycin is a benzoquinone antineoplastic antibiotic derived from the antineoplastic antibiotic geldanamycin.  Tanespimycin binds to and inhibits the cytosolic chaperone functions of heat shock protein 90 (HSP90).  HSP90 maintains the stability and functional shape of many oncogenic signaling proteins; the inhibition of HSP90 promotes the proteasomal degradation of oncogenic signaling proteins that may be overexpressed by tumor cells."]], ["N-benzyl-2-[(3E)-6-fluoro-2-methyl-3-(pyridin-4-ylmethylidene)inden-1-yl]acetamide;hydrochloride", "CC\\1=C(C2=C(/C1=C/C3=CC=NC=C3)C=CC(=C2)F)CC(=O)NCC4=CC=CC=C4.Cl", ["OSI-461 is a second-generation molecule belonging to a new class of drugs termed selective apoptotic anti-neoplastic drugs (SAANDs)."]], ["(E)-but-2-enedioic acid;2-ethylsulfanyl-10-[3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl]phenothiazine", "CCSC1=CC2=C(C=C1)SC3=CC=CC=C3N2CCCN4CCN(CC4)C.C(=C/C(=O)O)\\C(=O)O", ["A dopamine antagonist that is particularly useful in treating the nausea and vomiting associated with anesthesia, mildly emetic cancer chemotherapy agents, radiation therapy, and toxins. This piperazine phenothiazine does not prevent vertigo or motion sickness. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p457)"]], ["Pimecrolimus", "CC[C@@H]1/C=C(/C[C@@H](C[C@@H]([C@@H]2[C@H](C[C@H]([C@@](O2)(C(=O)C(=O)N3CCCC[C@H]3C(=O)O[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](CC1=O)O)C)/C(=C/[C@@H]4CC[C@@H]([C@@H](C4)OC)Cl)/C)O)C)OC)OC)C)\\C", ["Pimecrolimus is a lactam and a macrolide.", "Pimecrolimus is an immunomodulating agent that was first marketed by Novartis under the trade name Elidel. It is now promoted in Canada by Galderma since early 2007. It is currently available as a topic cream used in the treatment of atopic dermatitis (eczema).", "Pimecrolimus is a Calcineurin Inhibitor Immunosuppressant. The mechanism of action of pimecrolimus is as a Calcineurin Inhibitor.", "Pimecrolimus is a 33-epi-chloro-derivative of the ascomycin macrolactam with immunosuppressant property. Pimecrolimus binds to the receptor macrophilin-12 (FKBP-12) forming a complex that blocks the calcium-dependent signal transduction cascade mediated by calcineurin. Via dephosphorylation, calcineurin is the enzyme responsible for activating nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NF-AT), a T cell transcriptional regulatory factor. As a consequence, the synthesis and release of Th1- (T helper 1) and Th2- (T helper 2) type cytokines, and other inflammatory mediators from T-cells and mast cells are blocked and the expression of signals essential for the activation of inflammatory T-lymphocytes is inhibited. However, pimecrolimus mode of action is cell-selective and does not affect Langerhans' cells/dendritic cells and primary fibroblasts."]], ["CID 6525311", "CC1CC(C(C(/C=C(/C(C(/C=C\\C=C(\\C(=O)NC2=CC(=O)C(=C(C1)C2=O)NCC=C)/C)OC)OC(=O)N)\\C)C)O)OC", ["Carbamic acid [6-hydroxy-5,11-dimethoxy-3,7,9,15-tetramethyl-16,20,22-trioxo-21-(prop-2-enylamino)-17-azabicyclo[16.3.1]docosa-1(21),8,12,14,18-pentaen-10-yl] ester is a lactam and an azamacrocycle."]], ["Dtxcid7010707", "C[C@H]1CC[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@H]3[C@@H](N2C1)C[C@@H]4[C@@]3(CC[C@H]5[C@H]4CC=C6[C@@]5(CCC(C6)O[C@H]7[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@H](O7)CO)O)O[C@H]8[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O8)CO)O)O)O)O[C@@H]9[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O9)C)O)O)O)C)C)C", ["alpha-Solanine is a natural product found in Solanum, Solanum melongena, and other organisms with data available."]], ["1-Methyllysergic acid butanolamide", "CCC(CO)NC(=O)[C@H]1CN([C@@H]2CC3=CN(C4=CC=CC(=C34)C2=C1)C)C", ["Methysergide is a synthetic ergot alkaloid, structurally related to the oxytocic agent methylergonovine and to the potent hallucinogen LSD and used prophylactically to reduce the frequency and intensity of severe vascular headaches. It has a role as a sympatholytic agent, a vasoconstrictor agent and a serotonergic antagonist. It is an ergot alkaloid and a monocarboxylic acid amide. It derives from a hydride of an ergoline.", "An ergot derivative that is a congener of lysergic acid diethylamide.  It antagonizes the effects of serotonin in blood vessels and gastrointestinal smooth muscle, but has few of the properties of other ergot alkaloids. Methysergide is used prophylactically in migraine and other vascular headaches and to antagonize serotonin in the carcinoid syndrome.", "1-Methyllysergic acid butanolamide is a natural product found in Apis cerana with data available.", "An ergot derivative that is a congener of lysergic acid diethylamide.  It antagonizes the effects of serotonin in blood vessels and gastrointestinal smooth muscle, but has few of the properties of other ergot alkaloids. Methysergide is used prophylactically in migraine and other vascular headaches and to antagonize serotonin in the carcinoid syndrome."]], ["Covi-ox", "CC1=C(C2=C(CC[C@@](O2)(C)CCC[C@@H](C)CCC[C@@H](C)CCCC(C)C)C(=C1O)C)C", ["(R,S,S)-alpha-tocopherol is the (R,S,S)-stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol. It is an enantiomer of a (S,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol.", "Covi-ox is a natural product found in Cyperus esculentus, Monteverdia ilicifolia, and other organisms with data available."]], ["CID 6560168", "CC1=C(N2[C@@H]([C@@H](C2=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](C3=CC=CC=C3)[NH3+])SC1)C(=O)[O-]", ["Keflet is a natural product found in Streptomyces with data available.", "See also: Cephalexin (preferred)."]], ["Glucoraphanin", "CS(=O)CCCC/C(=N/OS(=O)(=O)O)/S[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O1)CO)O)O)O", ["Glucoraphanin is a thia-glucosinolic acid that is glucoerucin in which the sulfur atom of the methyl thioether group has been oxidised to the corresponding sulfoxide. It is a sulfoxide and a thia-alkylglucosinolic acid. It is functionally related to a glucoerucin. It is a conjugate acid of a glucoraphanin(1-).", "Glucoraphanin is a natural product found in Arabidopsis thaliana, Brassica, and Raphanus sativus with data available."]], ["Prolixin", "C1CN(CCN1CCCN2C3=CC=CC=C3SC4=C2C=C(C=C4)C(F)(F)F)CCO.Cl", ["Fluphenazine Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt of fluphenazine, a phenothiazine with antipsychotic activity and potential antineoplastic activity. Fluphenazine blocks postsynaptic dopamine D2 receptors in the limbic system, cortical system and basal ganglia, resulting in a reduction of schizophrenia-associated hallucinations and delusions. In addition, as a serotonin antagonist, this agent may inhibit lymphocyte and myeloma cell proliferation by blocking 5-hydroxytrptamine type 1B (5-HT type 1B) receptors for serotonin.", "A phenothiazine used in the treatment of PSYCHOSES. Its properties and uses are generally similar to those of CHLORPROMAZINE."]], ["Protriptyline hydrochloride", "CNCCCC1C2=CC=CC=C2C=CC3=CC=CC=C13.Cl", ["Protriptyline Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of protriptyline, a tricyclic secondary amine with antidepressant property. Protriptyline hydrochloride blocks the re-uptake of norepinephrine and serotonin by nerve terminals, thereby increasing available norepinephrine and serotonin. Protriptyline does not block dopamine transport but may have an indirect dopamine-facilitating effect through interactions of increased peri-synaptic abundance of norepinephrine, particularly in the cerebral cortex, where adrenergic terminals exceed dopaminergic terminals. This results in elevation of mood and behavioral activity. In addition, this agent exhibits anticholinergic activity.", "Tricyclic antidepressant similar in action and side effects to IMIPRAMINE. It may produce excitation."]], ["cis-Diammine(1,1-cyclobutanedicarboxylato)platinum(II)", "C1CC(C1)(C(=O)O)C(=O)O.N.N.[Pt]", ["An organoplatinum compound that possesses antineoplastic activity."]], ["(6aR,12bS)-5,6,6a,7,8,12b-hexahydrobenzo[a]phenanthridine-10,11-diol", "C1CC2=CC(=C(C=C2[C@@H]3[C@@H]1NCC4=CC=CC=C34)O)O", ["(6aR,12bS)-5,6,6a,7,8,12b-hexahydrobenzo[a]phenanthridine-10,11-diol is a member of phenanthridines.", "DAR-0100A is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01466205 (Clinical Testing of a D1 Agonist for Cognitive Enhancement in Schizotypal Personality Disorder)."]], ["Aerovent", "CC(C)[N+]1([C@@H]2CC[C@H]1CC(C2)OC(=O)[C@@H](CO)C3=CC=CC=C3)C", ["Ipratropium is an Anticholinergic. The mechanism of action of ipratropium is as a Cholinergic Antagonist.", "Ipratropium is a synthetic anticholinergic agent that is used as an inhalant for treatment of acute bronchospasm due to chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Ipratropium has not been implicated in causing liver enzyme elevations or clinically apparent acute liver injury.", "Ipratropium is a synthetic derivative of the alkaloid atropine with anticholinergic properties. Ipratropium antagonizes the actions of acetylcholine at parasympathetic postganglionic effector cell junctions. When inhaled, ipratropium binds competitively to cholinergic receptors in the bronchial smooth muscle thereby blocking the bronchoconstrictor actions of the acetylcholine (Ach) mediated vagal impulses. Inhibition of the vagal tone leads to dilation of the large central airways resulting in bronchodilation.", "A muscarinic antagonist structurally related to ATROPINE but often considered safer and more effective for inhalation use. It is used for various bronchial disorders, in rhinitis, and as an antiarrhythmic."]], ["[(1S,5R)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl] (2R)-3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate;sulfuric acid;hydrate", "CN1[C@@H]2CC[C@H]1CC(C2)OC(=O)[C@@H](CO)C3=CC=CC=C3.CN1[C@@H]2CC[C@H]1CC(C2)OC(=O)[C@@H](CO)C3=CC=CC=C3.O.OS(=O)(=O)O", ["An alkaloid, originally from Atropa belladonna, but found in other plants, mainly SOLANACEAE. Hyoscyamine is the 3(S)-endo isomer of atropine."]], ["3-[(E)-[5-(4-nitrophenyl)furan-2-yl]methylideneamino]-2-oxo-4H-imidazol-5-olate", "C1C(=NC(=O)N1/N=C/C2=CC=C(O2)C3=CC=C(C=C3)[N+](=O)[O-])[O-]", ["Dantrolene Sodium is the sodium salt form of dantrolene, a hydantoin derivative and direct-acting skeletal muscle relaxant. Dantrolene depresses excitation-contraction coupling in skeletal muscle by binding to the ryanodine receptor 1, and decreasing intracellular calcium concentration. Ryanodine receptors mediate the release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, an essential step in muscle contraction.", "Skeletal muscle relaxant that acts by interfering with excitation-contraction coupling in the muscle fiber. It is used in spasticity and other neuromuscular abnormalities. Although the mechanism of action is probably not central, dantrolene is usually grouped with the central muscle relaxants."]], ["(2S,4S)-4-cyclohexyl-1-[2-[[(1S)-2-methyl-1-(1-oxopropoxy)propoxy]-(4-phenylbutyl)phosphoryl]-1-oxoethyl]-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid", "CCC(=O)O[C@H](C(C)C)OP(=O)(CCCCC1=CC=CC=C1)CC(=O)N2C[C@@H](C[C@H]2C(=O)O)C3CCCCC3", ["(2S,4S)-4-cyclohexyl-1-[2-[[(1S)-2-methyl-1-(1-oxopropoxy)propoxy]-(4-phenylbutyl)phosphoryl]-1-oxoethyl]-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid is a proline derivative.", "Fosinopril is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor used in the therapy of hypertension and heart failure. Fosinopril is associated with a low rate of transient serum aminotransferase elevations during therapy and has been linked to rare instances of acute liver injury.", "Fosinopril is a phosphinic acid-containing angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor with antihypertensive activity. As an ester prodrug, fosinopril is hydrolysed by esterases to its active metabolite fosinoprilat. Fosinoprilat specifically and competitively inhibits angiotensin-converting enzyme thereby decreasing the formation of the potent vasoconstrictor angiotensin II, resulting in diminished vasopressor activity. In addition, angiotensin II-mediated aldosterone secretion by adrenal cortex is decreased, which results in a decrease of sodium retention and an increase in water outflow.", "A phosphinic acid-containing angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor that is effective in the treatment of hypertension. It is a prodrug that is converted to its active metabolite fosinoprilat."]], ["1-[(3R,5S,10S,13S,14S)-3-hydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]ethanone", "CC(=O)C1CC[C@@H]2[C@@]1(CCC3C2CC[C@@H]4[C@@]3(CC[C@H](C4)O)C)C", ["A pregnane found in the urine of pregnant women and sows. It has anesthetic, hypnotic, and sedative properties."]], ["Pharmakon1600-01504027", "C1[C@@H]2CNCC1C3=CC=CC(=O)N3C2", ["LSM-6464 is an alkaloid."]], ["Pharmakon1600-01503210", "CCC(=O)OCC(=O)[C@]1([C@H](CC2[C@@]1(C[C@@H](C3(C2CCC4=CC(=O)C=C[C@@]43C)F)O)C)C)OC(=O)CC", ["Betamethasone Dipropionate is the 17,21-dipropionate ester of betamethasone, a synthetic glucocorticoid with metabolic, immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory actions. Betamethasone dipropionate binds to specific intracellular glucocorticoid receptors and subsequently binds to DNA to modify gene expression. The synthesis of certain anti-inflammatory proteins is induced while the synthesis of certain inflammatory mediators is inhibited.  As a result, there is an overall reduction in chronic inflammation and autoimmune reactions."]], ["Vinblastin sulfate", "CC[C@@]1(CC2C[C@@](C3=C(CCN(C2)C1)C4=CC=CC=C4N3)(C5=C(C=C6C(=C5)[C@]78CCN9[C@H]7[C@@](C=CC9)([C@H]([C@@]([C@@H]8N6C)(C(=O)OC)O)OC(=O)C)CC)OC)C(=O)OC)O", ["Vinblastine is a natural alkaloid isolated from the plant Vinca rosea Linn. Vinblastine binds to tubulin and inhibits microtubule formation, resulting in disruption of mitotic spindle assembly and arrest of tumor cells in the M phase of the cell cycle. This agent may also interfere with amino acid, cyclic AMP, and glutathione metabolism; calmodulin-dependent Ca++ -transport ATPase activity; cellular respiration; and nucleic acid and lipid biosynthesis. (NCI04)", "Antitumor alkaloid isolated from Vinca rosea. (Merck, 11th ed.)"]], ["Trichothec-9-en-4-ol,13-epoxy-, acetate, (4beta)-", "CC1=CC2C(CC1)([C@@]3([C@H](C[C@@H]([C@]34CO4)O2)OC(=O)C)C)C", ["Antifungal metabolite from several fungi, mainly Trichoderma viride; inhibits protein synthesis by binding to ribosomes; proposed as antifungal and antineoplastic; used as tool in cellular biochemistry."]], ["(9S)-7-[4-amino-6-methyl-5-(oxan-2-yloxy)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6,9,11-trihydroxy-9-(2-hydroxyacetyl)-4-methoxy-8,10-dihydro-7H-tetracene-5,12-dione", "CC1C(C(CC(O1)OC2C[C@@](CC3=C2C(=C4C(=C3O)C(=O)C5=C(C4=O)C(=CC=C5)OC)O)(C(=O)CO)O)N)OC6CCCCO6", ["Pirarubicin is an analogue of the anthracycline antineoplastic antibiotic doxorubicin.  Pirarubicin intercalates into DNA and interacts with topoisomerase II, thereby inhibiting DNA replication and repair and RNA and protein synthesis.  This agent is less cardiotoxic than doxorubicin and exhibits activity against some doxorubicin-resistant cell lines. (NCI04)"]], ["Silatecan", "CC[C@@]1(C2=C(COC1=O)C(=O)N3CC4=C(C5=C(C=CC(=C5)O)N=C4C3=C2)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)O", ["Silatecan has been used in trials studying the treatment of GBM, Tumors, Gliosarcoma, Solid Malignancies, and Glioblastoma Multiforme, among others.", "Silatecan AR-67 is a synthetic, highly lipophilic derivative of camptothecin, with potential antineoplastic and radiosensitizing activities. 7-tert-butyldimethylsilyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin binds to and stabilizes the topoisomerase I-DNA covalent complex. This inhibits the religation of topoisomerase I-mediated single-stranded DNA breaks and produces lethal double-stranded DNA breaks when encountered by the DNA replication machinery, thereby inhibiting DNA replication and inducing apoptosis. Camptothecin readily undergoes hydrolysis at physiological pH, changing its conformation from the active lactone structure to an inactive carboxylate form. Modifications on the E ring of camptothecin prevent binding of human serum albumin, which prefers the inactive carboxylate form, thereby enhancing the stability of the active lactone structure and resulting in prolonged agent activity. In addition, this agent sensitizes tumor cells toward radiation treatment."]], ["Prednicarbate", "CCC(=O)OCC(=O)[C@]1(CC[C@@H]2[C@@]1(C[C@@H]([C@H]3[C@H]2CCC4=CC(=O)C=C[C@]34C)O)C)OC(=O)OCC", ["Prednicarbate is a corticosteroid hormone.", "Prednicarbate is a relatively new topical corticosteroid drug that displays a similar potency as [hydrocortisone]. It is used in the treatment of inflammatory skin diseases, such as atopic dermatitis. It has a favorable benefit-risk ratio, with an inflammatory action similar to that of a medium potency corticosteroid, but with a low potential to cause skin atrophy. The anti-inflammation action of corticosteroids is associated with the inhibition of the interleukin 1-alpha cytokine within keratinocytes. IL-1a is also found in fibroblasts, where it is responsible for proliferation, collagenase induction and IL-6 synthesis, which are related to skin thickness.", "Prednicarbate is a Corticosteroid. The mechanism of action of prednicarbate is as a Corticosteroid Hormone Receptor Agonist.", "Prednicarbate is a synthetic non-halogenated double-ester derivative of the corticosteroid prednisolone with anti-inflammatory, antipruritic and vasoconstrictive properties. Following skin permeation, prednicarbate enters cells and binds to and activates specific nuclear receptors, resulting in an altered gene expression and inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokine production by increasing the expression of lipocortins. These block phospholipase A-dependent release of arachidonic acid thereby inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis. This agent also decreases the number of circulating lymphocytes by suppression of the production of vasodilators such as prostacyclin and nitric oxide."]], ["Magnesiumoxide", "[O-2].[Mg+2]", ["Magnesium oxide is a magnesium molecular entity. It has a role as an antacid and a fertilizer.", "Magnesium oxide is an inorganic compound that occurs in nature as the mineral periclase. In aqueous media combines quickly with water to form magnesium hydroxide. It is used as an antacid and mild laxative and has many nonmedicinal uses.", "See also: Magnesium Oxide (preferred); Periclase (related)."]], ["Caspofungin acetate", "CCC(C)CC(C)CCCCCCCCC(=O)N[C@H]1C[C@H]([C@H](NC(=O)[C@@H]2[C@H](CCN2C(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H]3C[C@H](CN3C(=O)[C@@H](NC1=O)[C@@H](C)O)O)[C@@H]([C@H](C4=CC=C(C=C4)O)O)O)[C@@H](CCN)O)O)NCCN)O.CC(=O)O.CC(=O)O", ["Caspofungin Acetate is the acetate salt of an antimycotic echinocandin lipopeptide, semisynthetically derived from a fermentation product of the fungus Glarea lozoyensis. Caspofungin inhibits 1,3-beta-glucan synthase, resulting in decreased synthesis of beta(1,3)-D-glucan (an essential component of the fungal cell wall), weakening of the fungal cell wall, and fungal cell wall rupture. This agent is active against Aspergillus and Candida species.", "A cyclic lipopeptide echinocandin and beta-(1,3)-D-glucan synthase inhibitor that is used to treat internal or systemic MYCOSES."]], ["Spirapril hydrochloride", "CCOC(=O)[C@H](CCC1=CC=CC=C1)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N2CC3(C[C@H]2C(=O)O)SCCS3.Cl", ["Spirapril Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of spirapril, a prodrug and non-sulfhydryl angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor with antihypertensive activity. Spirapril is converted in the body to its active metabolite spiraprilat. Spiraprilat competitively binds to and inhibits ACE, thereby blocking the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II. This prevents the potent vasoconstrictive actions of angiotensin II and results in vasodilation. Spirapril also decreases angiotensin II-induced aldosterone secretion by the adrenal cortex, which leads to an increase in sodium excretion and subsequently increases water outflow."]], ["Ispinesib", "CC1=CC=C(C=C1)C(=O)N(CCCN)[C@@H](C2=NC3=C(C=CC(=C3)Cl)C(=O)N2CC4=CC=CC=C4)C(C)C", ["N-(3-aminopropyl)-N-[(1R)-1-[7-chloro-4-oxo-3-(phenylmethyl)-2-quinazolinyl]-2-methylpropyl]-4-methylbenzamide is a member of benzamides.", "Ispinesib is a synthetic small molecule, derived from quinazolinone, with antineoplastic properties. Ispinesib selectively inhibits the mitotic motor protein, kinesin spindle protein (KSP), resulting in inhibition of mitotic spindle assembly, induction of cell cycle arrest during the mitotic phase, and cell death in tumor cells that are actively dividing. Because KSP is not involved in nonmitotic processes, such as neuronal transport, ispinesib may be less likely to cause the peripheral neuropathy often associated with the tubulin-targeting agents."]], ["Calcium;sodium;2-[2-[bis(carboxylatomethyl)amino]ethyl-(carboxylatomethyl)amino]acetate", "C(CN(CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])N(CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-].[Na+].[Ca+2]", ["Edetate Calcium Disodium is contracted name for a salt of ethylenediaminetetraacetate, an agent used as a chelator of lead and some other heavy metals. C10H12CaN2Na2O8."]], ["Scopolamine butylbromide", "CCCC[N+]1([C@@H]2CC(C[C@H]1[C@H]3[C@@H]2O3)OC(=O)[C@H](CO)C4=CC=CC=C4)C.[Br-]", ["Butylscopolamine bromide is an organic bromide salt of butylscopolamine. It is an antispasmodic drug which can relieve painful stomach cramps (including those linked with irritable bowel syndrome), bladder and menstrual cramps. It has a role as a muscarinic antagonist and an antispasmodic drug. It is an organic bromide salt and a quaternary ammonium salt. It contains a butylscopolamine.", "Butylscopolamine Bromide is an orally available bromide salt form of butylscopolamine, a quaternary ammonium derivative of the alkaloid scopolamine, with anticholinergic property. Upon oral administration, hyoscine butylbromide binds to and blocks muscarinic receptors located on postganglionic parasympathetic nerve endings and on smooth muscle cells. This blocks the activity of acetylcholine (Ach) and causes its antispasmodic effect in the gastrointestinal (GI), urinary, uterine, and biliary tracts. This agent may also facilitate radiologic visualization of the GI tract.", "Antimuscarinic quaternary ammonium derivative of scopolamine used to treat cramps in gastrointestinal, urinary, uterine, and biliary tracts, and to facilitate radiologic visualization of the gastrointestinal tract."]], ["Gadopentetic acid", "C(CN(CC(=O)O)CC(=O)[O-])N(CCN(CC(=O)O)CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-].[Gd+3]", ["Gadopentetate is a gadolinium coordination entity. It has a role as a MRI contrast agent.", "A complex of gadolinium with a chelating agent, diethylenetriamine penta-acetic acid (DTPA see pentetic acid), that is given to enhance the image in cranial and spinal MRIs. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p706)", "A complex of gadolinium with a chelating agent, diethylenetriamine penta-acetic acid (DTPA see PENTETIC ACID), that is given to enhance the image in cranial and spinal MRIs. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p706)"]], ["Oxaliplatine", "C1CC[C@H]([C@@H](C1)N)N.C(=O)(C(=O)O)O.[Pt+2]", ["Oxaliplatin is a platinum coordination entity that is a commonly used chemothrepeutic drug for treatment of colorectal cancer. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent and a mutagen.", "Oxaliplatin is a platinum-based chemotherapy drug in the same family as cisplatin and carboplatin. It is typically administered in combination with fluorouracil and leucovorin in a combination known as Folfox for the treatment of colorectal cancer. Compared to cisplatin the two amine groups are replaced by cyclohexyldiamine for improved antitumour activity. The chlorine ligands are replaced by the oxalato bidentate derived from oxalic acid in order to improve water solubility. Oxaliplatin is marketed by Sanofi-Aventis under the trademark Eloxatin\u00ae.", "Oxaliplatin is a platinum-based chemotherapy drug in the same family as cisplatin and carboplatin. It is typically administered in combination with fluorouracil and leucovorin in a combination known as Folfox for the treatment of colorectal cancer. Compared to cisplatin the two amine groups are replaced by cyclohexyldiamine for improved antitumour activity. The chlorine ligands are replaced by the oxalato bidentate derived from oxalic acid in order to improve water solubility. Oxaliplatin is marketed by Sanofi-Aventis under the trademark Eloxatin&reg;.", "An organoplatinum complex in which the platinum atom is complexed with 1,2-diaminocyclohexane, and with an oxalate ligand which is displaced to yield active oxaliplatin derivatives. These derivatives form inter- and intra-strand DNA crosslinks that inhibit DNA replication and transcription. Oxaliplatin is an antineoplastic agent that is often administered with FLUOROURACIL and FOLINIC ACID in the treatment of metastatic COLORECTAL NEOPLASMS."]], ["Tetrahydrogestrinone", "CC[C@@]1(CC[C@@H]2[C@@]1(C=CC3=C4CCC(=O)C=C4CC[C@@H]23)CC)O", ["Tetrahydrogestrinone is a 3-hydroxy steroid."]], ["Sp-Camps", "C1[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O2)N3C=NC4=C(N=CN=C43)N)O)OP(=S)(O1)O", ["(Sp)-cAMPS is a nucleoside 3',5'-cyclic phosphorothioate having adenine as the nucleobase (the Sp-stereoisomer). It has a role as a protein kinase agonist. It is a member of purines and a nucleoside 3',5'-cyclic phosphorothioate. It is functionally related to a 3',5'-cyclic AMP."]], ["Eritoran", "CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)CC(=O)N[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O[C@@H]1OP(=O)(O)O)CO[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O2)COC)OP(=O)(O)O)OCC[C@@H](CCCCCCC)OC)NC(=O)CCCCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCC)O)OCCCCCCCCCC", ["Eritoran is a lipid A derivative used for the treatment of severe sepsis. It is a conjugate acid of an eritoran(4-).", "Eritoran is a structural analogue of the lipid A portion of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). It is being developed by Eisai Research Institute of Boston for the treatment of severe sepsis.", "Eritoran is a synthetic analogue of the lipid A portion of the endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) with potential immunomodulating activity. Eritoran binds to a receptor complex composed of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), CD14 and MD2 (MD-2, LY96) that is present on most cells of the immune system, inhibiting the activation of the receptor complex by LPS, which may result in the inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion and a potentially fatal systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). LPS is found in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria and binds to the TLR4/CD14/MD2 receptor complex of immune cells, including macrophages, resulting in the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines."]], ["2,4-Disulfonyl-alpha-phenyl-tert-butylnitrone", "CC(C)(C)/[N+](=C/C1=C(C=C(C=C1)S(=O)(=O)O)S(=O)(=O)O)/[O-]", ["Disufenton is a sulfonic acid derivative and an organosulfur compound."]], ["Dantroleno", "C1C(=O)NC(=O)N1/N=C/C2=CC=C(O2)C3=CC=C(C=C3)[N+](=O)[O-]", ["Crystals (in aqueous DMF). (NTP, 1992)", "Chemically, dantrolene is a hydantoin derivative, but does not exhibit antiepileptic activity like other hydantoin derivates such as phenytoin.", "Dantrolene is a Skeletal Muscle Relaxant. The physiologic effect of dantrolene is by means of Decreased Striated Muscle Contraction, and Decreased Striated Muscle Tone.", "Dantrolene is a muscle relaxant used for treatment of chronic spasticity that differs from other commonly used muscle relaxants in acting peripherally on muscle, rather than centrally on the spinal cord or brain. Dantrolene can cause acute liver injury which can be severe and even fatal.", "Dantrolene is a hydantoin derivative and direct-acting skeletal muscle relaxant. Dantrolene depresses excitation-contraction coupling in skeletal muscle by binding to the ryanodine receptor 1, and decreasing intracellular calcium concentration. Ryanodine receptors mediate the release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, an essential step in muscle contraction.", "Skeletal muscle relaxant that acts by interfering with excitation-contraction coupling in the muscle fiber. It is used in spasticity and other neuromuscular abnormalities. Although the mechanism of action is probably not central, dantrolene is usually grouped with the central muscle relaxants."]], ["[18F]-Spa-RQ", "C1C[C@@H]([C@@H](NC1)C2=CC=CC=C2)NCC3=C(C=CC(=C3)N4C(=NN=N4)C(F)(F)F)OC[18F]", ["[18F]-labeled Substance P Antagonist Receptor Quantifier is a radioconjugate consisting of the positron emitting radioisotope fluorine F 18 conjugated to the substance P antagonist receptor quantifier (SPA-RQ) used in radioimaging. [18F]-labeled substance P antagonist receptor quantifier is an antagonist of the neurokinin 1 (substance P) receptor (NK1R) and can function as a positron emission tomography (PET) imaging agent for detecting NK1R-expressing cells and tissues. NK1Rs are frequently expressed on the plasma membranes of tumor cells from glioblastoma and breast and pancreatic carcinomas."]], ["Inecalcitol", "C[C@H](CC#CC(C)(C)O)[C@H]1CC[C@H]\\2[C@@]1(CCC/C2=C\\C=C3C[C@H](C[C@@H](C3)O)O)C", ["Inecalcitol is an analog of calcitriol and a vitamin D3 receptor (VDR) agonist, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, inecalcitol targets and binds to VDR. This activates VDR and VDR-mediated signal transduction pathways. This modulates the VDR-mediated expression of certain genes, including the expression of anti-cancer genes, enhances cellular differentiation, induces tumor cell apoptosis and inhibits tumor cell growth. VDR plays a central role in calcium homeostasis and in the growth of certain cancer cells."]], ["Butorfanol", "C1CC[C@]2([C@@H]3CC4=C([C@@]2(C1)CCN3CC5CCC5)C=C(C=C4)O)O", ["A synthetic morphinan analgesic with narcotic antagonist action. It is used in the management of severe pain.", "Butorphanol is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a synthetic morphinan analgesic with narcotic antagonist action. It is used in the management of severe pain. [PubChem]The exact mechanism of action is unknown, but is believed to interact with an opiate receptor site in the CNS (probably in or associated with the limbic system). The opiate antagonistic effect may result from competitive inhibition at the opiate receptor, but may also be a result of other mechanisms. Butorphanol is a mixed agonist-antagonist that exerts antagonistic or partially antagonistic effects at mu opiate receptor sites, but is thought to exert its agonistic effects principally at the kappa and sigma opiate receptors."]], ["Therarubicin", "C[C@H]1[C@H]([C@H](C[C@@H](O1)O[C@H]2C[C@@](CC3=C2C(=C4C(=C3O)C(=O)C5=C(C4=O)C(=CC=C5)OC)O)(C(=O)CO)O)N)OC6CCCCO6", ["Pirarubicin is an analogue of the anthracycline antineoplastic antibiotic doxorubicin.  Pirarubicin intercalates into DNA and interacts with topoisomerase II, thereby inhibiting DNA replication and repair and RNA and protein synthesis.  This agent is less cardiotoxic than doxorubicin and exhibits activity against some doxorubicin-resistant cell lines. (NCI04)"]], ["Etonogestrel", "CC[C@]12CC(=C)[C@H]3[C@H]([C@@H]1CC[C@]2(C#C)O)CCC4=CC(=O)CC[C@H]34", ["Etonogestrel is a 17beta-hydroxy steroid, a 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid and a terminal acetylenic compound. It has a role as a contraceptive drug, a progestin and a female contraceptive drug.", "Etonogestrel molecule is a 3-ketodesogestrel or 19-nortestosterone which is a synthetic biologically active metabolite of progestin desogestrel. The first product including etonogestrel was developed by the Merck subsidiary Organon and FDA approved in 2001.", "Etonogestrel is a Progestin.", "Etonogestrel is a synthetic form of the naturally occurring female sex hormone progesterone. Etonogestrel binds to the cytoplasmic progesterone receptors in the reproductive system and subsequently activates progesterone receptor mediated gene expression. As a result of the negative feedback mechanism, luteinizing hormone (LH) release is inhibited, which leads to an inhibition of ovulation and an alteration in the cervical mucus and endometrium."]], ["Zebeta", "CC(C)NCC(COC1=CC=C(C=C1)COCCOC(C)C)O.C(=C/C(=O)O)\\C(=O)O", ["Bisoprolol Fumarate is the fumarate salt of a synthetic phenoxy-2-propanol-derived cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic receptor antagonist with antihypertensive and potential cardioprotective activities. Devoid of intrinsic sympathomimetic activity, bisoprolol selectively and competitively binds to and blocks beta-1 adrenergic receptors in the heart, decreasing cardiac contractility and rate, reducing cardiac output, and lowering blood pressure. In addition, this agent may exhibit antihypertensive activity through the inhibition of renin secretion by juxtaglomerular epithelioid (JGE) cells in the kidney, thus inhibiting activation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). Bisoprolol has been shown to be cardioprotective in animal models.", "A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic blocker. It is effective in the management of HYPERTENSION and ANGINA PECTORIS."]], ["Spherazole", "CCC(C)N1C(=O)N(C=N1)C2=CC=C(C=C2)N3CCN(CC3)C4=CC=C(C=C4)OC[C@@H]5CO[C@@](O5)(CN6C=NC=N6)C7=C(C=C(C=C7)Cl)Cl", ["Itraconazole is an antifungal prescription medicine approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of certain fungal infections, such as:", "Itraconazole is a orally administered, triazole antifungal agent used in the treatment of systemic and superficial fungal infections. Itraconazole therapy is associated with transient, mild-to-moderate serum elevations and can lead to clinically apparent acute drug induced liver injury.", "Orungal is a natural product found in Sideritis athoa, Sideritis canariensis, and Sideritis soluta with data available.", "Itraconazole is a synthetic triazole agent with antimycotic properties. Formulated for both topical and systemic use, itraconazole preferentially inhibits fungal cytochrome P450 enzymes, resulting in a decrease in fungal ergosterol synthesis.  Because of its low toxicity profile, this agent can be used for long-term maintenance treatment of chronic fungal infections. (NCI04)", "A triazole antifungal agent that inhibits cytochrome P-450-dependent enzymes required for ERGOSTEROL synthesis."]], ["Levomilnacipran", "CCN(CC)C(=O)[C@]1(C[C@H]1CN)C2=CC=CC=C2", ["Levomilnacipran is a member of acetamides.", "Levomilnacipran is a selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor. Chemically, levomilnacipran is the 1S,2R-enantiomer of milnacipran. FDA approved on July 25, 2013.", "Levomilnacipran is a Serotonin and Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor. The mechanism of action of levomilnacipran is as a Norepinephrine Uptake Inhibitor, and Serotonin Uptake Inhibitor.", "The (1S,2R)-isomer of milnacipran that is used for the treatment of MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER."]], ["Dapiprazole hydrochloride", "CC1=CC=CC=C1N2CCN(CC2)CCC3=NN=C4N3CCCC4.Cl", ["Dapiprazole Hydrochloride is an alpha-1-adrenergic antagonist that acts by blocking alpha-adrenergic receptors in the smooth muscle of blood vessels (arteries, arterioles and veins), gastrointestinal tract, and radial smooth muscle of the iris. This prevents smooth muscle contraction and results in vasodilatation. Administered in the eye, dapiprazole hydrochloride produces miosis. In the heart, it may antagonize alpha-1 adrenoreceptors in myocytes causing a mild negative inotropic effect."]], ["Procaterol hydrochloride hemihydrate", "CCC(C(C1=C2C=CC(=O)NC2=C(C=C1)O)O)NC(C)C.O.Cl", ["A long-acting beta-2-adrenergic receptor agonist."]], ["Arduan", "CC(=O)O[C@H]1C[C@@H]2CC[C@@H]3[C@@H]([C@]2(C[C@@H]1N4CC[N+](CC4)(C)C)C)CC[C@]5([C@H]3C[C@@H]([C@@H]5OC(=O)C)N6CC[N+](CC6)(C)C)C.O.O.[Br-].[Br-]", ["A piperazinyl androstane derivative which is a non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent (NEUROMUSCULAR NONDEPOLARIZING AGENTS). It is used as a muscle relaxant during ANESTHESIA and surgical procedures."]], ["Edronax", "CCOC1=CC=CC=C1OC(C2CNCCO2)C3=CC=CC=C3.CS(=O)(=O)O", ["A morpholine derivative that is a selective and potent noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor; it is used in the treatment of DEPRESSIVE DISORDER."]], ["Oxitropium", "CC[N+]1([C@@H]2CC(C[C@H]1[C@H]3[C@@H]2O3)OC(=O)[C@H](CO)C4=CC=CC=C4)C", ["Oxitropium is a 3-hydroxy carboxylic acid.", "Oxitropium has been investigated for the treatment of Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive."]], ["Levatol", "CC(C)(C)NC[C@@H](COC1=CC=CC=C1C2CCCC2)O.OS(=O)(=O)O", ["A nonselective beta-blocker used as an antihypertensive and an antianginal agent."]], ["Aqupla", "C(C(=O)O)O.N.N.[Pt]", ["Nedaplatin is a second-generation cisplatin analogue with antineoplastic activity. Containing a novel ring structure in which glycolate is bound to the platinum by a bidentate ligand, nedaplatin forms reactive platinum complexes that bind to nucelophillic groups in DNA, resulting in intrastrand and interstrand DNA cross-links, apoptosis and cell death. This agent appears to be less nephrotoxic and neurotoxic compared to both cisplatin and carboplatin."]], ["Beraprost", "CC#CCC(C)[C@@H](/C=C/[C@H]1[C@@H](C[C@H]2[C@@H]1C3=CC=CC(=C3O2)CCCC(=O)O)O)O", ["Beraprost is an organic heterotricyclic compound that is (3aS,8bS)-2,3,3a,8b-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[b]cyclopenta[d]furan in which the hydrogens at positions 1R, 2R and 5 are replaced by (3S)-3-hydroxy-4-methyloct-1-en-6-yn-1-yl, hydroxy and 3-carboxypropyl groups, respectively. It is a prostaglandin receptor agonist which is approved to treat pulmonary arterial hypertension in Asia. It has a role as a vasodilator agent, a platelet aggregation inhibitor, an antihypertensive agent, a prostaglandin receptor agonist and an anti-inflammatory agent. It is a monocarboxylic acid, an organic heterotricyclic compound, a secondary alcohol, a secondary allylic alcohol and an enyne. It is a conjugate acid of a beraprost(1-)."]], ["Perforomist", "C[C@H](CC1=CC=C(C=C1)OC)NC[C@@H](C2=CC(=C(C=C2)O)NC=O)O.C[C@H](CC1=CC=C(C=C1)OC)NC[C@@H](C2=CC(=C(C=C2)O)NC=O)O.C(=C/C(=O)O)\\C(=O)O.O", ["Formoterol Fumarate is the fumarate salt form of formoterol, a long-acting and selective sympathomimetic beta-receptor agonist with bronchodilator activity. Formoterol fumarate binds beta 2 adrenergic receptors in bronchial smooth muscle and stimulates intracellular adenyl cyclase, thereby increasing the production of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). Increased cAMP levels cause relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle, improve mucociliary clearance and reduce mediator substance release in inflammatory cells, especially from mast cells. (NCI05)", "An ADRENERGIC BETA-2 RECEPTOR AGONIST with a prolonged duration of action. It is used to manage ASTHMA and in the treatment of CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE."]], ["Vancocine", "C[C@H]1[C@H]([C@@](C[C@@H](O1)O[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O[C@H]2OC3=C4C=C5C=C3OC6=C(C=C(C=C6)[C@H]([C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@H]5C(=O)N[C@@H]7C8=CC(=C(C=C8)O)C9=C(C=C(C=C9O)O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H]([C@@H](C1=CC(=C(O4)C=C1)Cl)O)NC7=O)C(=O)[O-])CC(=O)N)NC(=O)[C@@H](CC(C)C)[NH2+]C)O)Cl)CO)O)O)(C)N)O.Cl", ["Antibacterial obtained from Streptomyces orientalis. It is a glycopeptide related to RISTOCETIN that inhibits bacterial cell wall assembly and is toxic to kidneys and the inner ear."]], ["Promac", "C1=C(NC=N1)C[C@@H](C(=O)[O-])N=C(CCN)[O-].[Zn+2]", ["Polaprezinc is an orally bioavailable chelate composed of zinc and L-carnosine, with potential gastroprotective, anti-oxidant, anti-ulcer and anti-inflammatory activities. Upon administration, polaprezinc increases the expression of various anti-oxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD-1), SOD-2, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px), peroxidredoxin-1 (PRDX1; PRXI) and PRXD5 (PRXV) in the gastric mucosa, which protect cells against reactive oxygen species (ROS). In addition, this agent inhibits the activity of the transcription factor nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and reduces the expression of several pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL) 1beta, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a). Polaprezinc also increases the expression of various growth factors, such as platelet-derived growth factor-B (PDGF-B), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and nerve growth factor (NGF), and various heat shock proteins (HSPs), including HSP90, HSP70, HSP60, HSP47, HSP27, and HSP10. This protects against damages to, and accelerates healing of the gastric mucosa."]], ["Rivastigmine tartrate", "CCN(C)C(=O)OC1=CC=CC(=C1)[C@H](C)N(C)C.[C@@H]([C@H](C(=O)O)O)(C(=O)O)O", ["Rivastigmine tartrate is a tartrate salt obtained by reaction of rivastigmine with one equivalent of (R,R)-tartaric acid. A reversible cholinesterase inhibitor. It has a role as a cholinergic drug, an EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor and a neuroprotective agent. It contains a rivastigmine(1+).", "Rivastigmine Tartrate is the tartrate salt form of rivastigmine, a phenylcarbamate derivative exhibiting cognitive stimulating property. Although the mechanism of action has not been fully elucidated, rivastigmine tartrate may bind reversibly to cholinesterase, thereby decreasing the breakdown of acetylcholine and enhancing cholinergic function.", "A carbamate-derived reversible CHOLINESTERASE INHIBITOR that is selective for the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM and is used for the treatment of DEMENTIA in ALZHEIMER DISEASE and PARKINSON DISEASE."]], ["(5R,6S)-6-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-7-oxo-3-[(3S)-1-oxothiolan-3-yl]sulfanyl-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid", "C[C@H]([C@@H]1[C@@H]2N(C1=O)C(=C(S2)S[C@H]3CCS(=O)C3)C(=O)O)O", ["Sulopenem is a parenteral thiopenem with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Sulopenem is not active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In addition, this agent is fairly stable against hydrolysis by various beta-lactamases."]], ["Itasetron", "CN1[C@@H]2CC[C@H]1CC(C2)NC(=O)N3C4=CC=CC=C4NC3=O", ["Itasetron is a tropane alkaloid."]], ["Cilansetron", "CC1=NC=CN1C[C@H]2CCC3=C(C2=O)C4=CC=CC5=C4N3CCC5", ["Cilansetron is a 5HT-3 antagonist made by Solvay Pharmaceuticals that is currently under trial phase in the EU and US."]], ["Eldecalcitol", "C[C@H](CCCC(C)(C)O)[C@H]1CC[C@@H]\\2[C@@]1(CCC/C2=C\\C=C/3\\C[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H](C3=C)O)OCCCO)O)C", ["1alpha,25-dihydroxy-2beta-(3-hydroxypropoxy)vitamin D3 is a hydroxycalciol that is calcitriol with a 3-hydroxypropoxy group at position 2. It has a role as a metabolite. It is a tetrol, a member of D3 vitamins and a hydroxycalciol. It is functionally related to a calcitriol.", "Eldecalcitol  (ED-71), a vitamin D analog, is a more potent inhibitor of bone resorption than alfacalcidol in an estrogen-deficient rat model of osteoporosis. Eldecalcitol, effectively and safely increased lumbar and hip bone mineral density (BMD) in osteoporotic patients who also received vitamin D3 supplementation."]], ["MnDPDP", "CC1=[NH+]C=C(C(=C1O)CN(CCN(CC2=C(C(=[NH+]C=C2COP(=O)([O-])[O-])C)O)CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])COP(=O)(O)[O-].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Mn]", ["Mangafodipir Trisodium is the trisodium salt of mangafodipir with potential antioxidant and chemoprotective activities. Consisting of manganese (II) ions chelated to fodipir (dipyridoxyl diphosphate or DPDP), mangafodipir scavenges oxygen free radicals such as superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radical, potentially preventing oxygen free radical damage to macromolecules such as DNA and minimizing oxygen free radical-related chemotoxicity in normal tissues. However, this agent may potentiate the chemotherapy-induced generation of oxygen free radicals in tumor cells, resulting in the potentiation of chemotherapy-induced cytotoxicity; tumor cells, with higher levels of reactive oxygen species than normal cells, possess a lower threshold for oxygen free radical-mediated cytotoxicity. Mangafodipir is traditionally used as an imaging agent in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)."]], ["Thieno(2,3-d)pyrimidine, 4-(2-fluorophenyl)-6-methyl-2-(1-piperazinyl)-, monohydrochloride, monohydrate", "CC1=CC2=C(N=C(N=C2S1)N3CCNCC3)C4=CC=CC=C4F.O.Cl", ["DDP225 is both a noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor and a serotonin type 3 receptor (5-HT3) antagonist. Noradrenaline and serotonin are neurotransmitters that are known to be involved in the control of the gastrointestinal system.  The unique combination of noradrenaline reuptake inhibition and 5-HT3 antagonism in one orally delivered compound represents a novel approach to treating IBS-d and other functional GI diseases. Dynogen licensed preclinical and clinical data related to DDP225 from Mitsubishi Pharma in October 2003."]], ["Multihance", "CNC[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](CO)O)O)O)O.CNC[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](CO)O)O)O)O.C1=CC=C(C=C1)COCC(C(=O)[O-])N(CCN(CCN(CC(=O)O)CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)O.[Gd+3]", ["Gadobenate Dimeglumine is a gadolinium-based paramagnetic contrast agent. When placed in a magnetic field, gadobenate dimeglumine produces a large magnetic moment and so a large local magnetic field, which can enhance the relaxation rate of nearby protons; as a result, the signal intensity of tissue images observed with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be enhanced. Because this agent is preferentially taken up by normal functioning hepatocytes, normal hepatic tissue is enhanced with MRI while tumor tissue is unenhanced. In addition, because gadobenate dimeglumine is excreted in the bile, it may be used to visualize the biliary system using MRI."]], ["Faropenem daloxate", "CC1=C(OC(=O)O1)COC(=O)C2=C(S[C@H]3N2C(=O)[C@@H]3[C@@H](C)O)[C@H]4CCCO4", ["Faropenem medoxil is an organonitrogen compound and an organooxygen compound. It is functionally related to an alpha-amino acid.", "Faropenem medoxomil is an ester prodrug derivative of the beta-lactam antibiotic [faropenem]. The prodrug form of faropenem offers dramatically improved oral bioavailability and leads to higher systemic concentrations of the drug. Faropenem medoxomil is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that is highly resistant to beta-lactamase degradation. It is being developed jointly by Replidyne, Inc. and Forest Laboratories, Inc.", "Faropenem Medoxomil is a daloxate ester prodrug form of faropenem, a penem with a tetrahydrofuran substituent at position C2, with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against many gram-positive and gram-negative aerobes and anaerobes. Faropenem medoxomil is hydrolyzed in vivo to release the active free acid. Compared with imipenem, faropenem has improved chemical stability and reduced central nervous system effects. In addition, faropenem is resistant to hydrolysis by many beta-lactamases."]], ["Dexrazoxane hydrochloride", "C[C@@H](CN1CC(=O)NC(=O)C1)N2CC(=O)NC(=O)C2.Cl", ["Dexrazoxane Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt of a bisdioxopiperazine with iron-chelating, chemoprotective, cardioprotective, and antineoplastic activities. After hydrolysis to an active form that is similar to ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), dexrazoxane chelates iron, limiting the formation of free radical-generating anthracycline-iron complexes, which may minimize anthracycline-iron complex-mediated oxidative damage to cardiac and soft tissues.  This agent also inhibits the catalytic activity of topoisomerase II, which may result in tumor cell growth inhibition.", "The (+)-enantiomorph of razoxane."]], ["(4S)-N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)-4-hydroperoxy-2-oxo-1,3,2lambda5-oxazaphosphinan-2-amine", "C1COP(=O)(N[C@H]1OO)N(CCCl)CCCl", ["Perfosfamide is the active metabolite of the nitrogen mustard cyclophosphamide with potent antineoplastic and immunosuppressive properties. Perfosfamide alkylates DNA, thereby inhibiting DNA replication and RNA and protein synthesis. (NCI04)"]], ["Exatecan mesylate", "CC[C@@]1(C2=C(COC1=O)C(=O)N3CC4=C5[C@H](CCC6=C5C(=CC(=C6C)F)N=C4C3=C2)N)O.CS(=O)(=O)O", ["Exatecan Mesylate Anhydrous is the anhydrous, mesylate salt form of exatecan, a semisynthetic, water-soluble derivative of camptothecin, with antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, exatecan mesylate inhibits topoisomerase I activity by stabilizing the cleavable complex between topoisomerase I and DNA and inhibiting re-ligation of DNA breaks, thereby inhibiting DNA replication and triggering apoptotic cell death."]], ["Mitemcinal", "CC[C@@H]1[C@@](C(=O)[C@H](C2=C(C[C@@](O2)([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](C(=O)O1)C)O[C@H]3C[C@@]([C@H]([C@@H](O3)C)O)(C)OC)C)O[C@H]4[C@@H]([C@H](C[C@H](O4)C)N(C)C(C)C)O)C)C)C)(C)OC", ["Mitemcinal (GM-611) is a novel erythromycin-derived prokinetic agent that acts as an agonist at the motilin receptor."]], ["Optrin", "CCC1=C(C2=CC3=NC(=CN=C4C=C(C(=CC4=NC=C5C(=C(C(=N5)C=C1[N-]2)CCCO)C)OCCOCCOCCOC)OCCOCCOCCOC)C(=C3CCCO)C)CC.CC(=O)O.CC(=O)O.[Lu]", ["Motexafin Lutetium is a pentadentate aromatic metallotexaphyrin with photosensitizing properties. Motexafin lutetium preferentially accumulates in tumor cells due to their increased rates of metabolism and absorbs light, forming an extended high energy conformational state that produces high quantum yields of singlet oxygen, resulting in local cytotoxic effects. (NCI04)"]], ["Javlor", "CC[C@@]12C=CCN3[C@@H]1[C@]4(CC3)[C@H]([C@]([C@@H]2OC(=O)C)(C(=O)OC)O)N(C5=CC(=C(C=C45)[C@]6(C[C@H]7C[C@H](CN(C7)CC8=C6NC9=CC=CC=C89)C(C)(F)F)C(=O)OC)OC)C", ["Vinflunine is a bi-fluorinated derivative of the semi-synthetic vinca alkaloid vinorelbine with antitubulin, antineoplastic, and antiangiogenic activities. Vinflunine inhibits tubulin assembly without any stablization of assembled microtubules at concentrations comparable to those of other vinca alkaloids such as vincristine, vinblastine and vinorelbine; this effect on microtubule dynamics results in cell cycle arrest in mitosis and apoptosis. Compared to other vinca alkaloids, this agent binds weakly to the vinca-binding site, indicating that vinflunine may exhibit reduced neurotoxicity."]], ["Fosbretabulin disodium", "COC1=C(C=C(C=C1)/C=C\\C2=CC(=C(C(=C2)OC)OC)OC)OP(=O)([O-])[O-].[Na+].[Na+]", ["Fosbretabulin Disodium is the disodium salt of a water-soluble phosphate derivative of a natural stilbenoid phenol derived from the African bush willow (Combretum caffrum) with potential vascular disrupting and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, the prodrug fosbretabulin is dephosphorylated to its active metabolite, the microtubule-depolymerizing agent combretastatin A4, which binds to tubulin dimers and prevents microtubule polymerization, resulting in mitotic arrest and apoptosis in endothelial cells. In addition, this agent disrupts the engagement of the endothelial cell-specific junctional molecule vascular endothelial-cadherin (VE-cadherin) and so the activity of the VE-cadherin/beta-catenin/Akt signaling pathway, which may result in the inhibition of endothelial cell migration and capillary tube formation. As a result of fosbretabulin's dual mechanism of action, the tumor vasculature collapses, resulting in reduced tumor blood flow and ischemic necrosis of tumor tissue."]], ["Vilazodone", "C1CN(CCN1CCCCC2=CNC3=C2C=C(C=C3)C#N)C4=CC5=C(C=C4)OC(=C5)C(=O)N", ["Vilazodone is a 1-benzofuran that is 5-(piperazin-1-yl}-1-benzofuran-2-carboxamide having a (5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl group attached at position N-4 on the piperazine ring. Used for the treatment of major depressive disorder. It has a role as an antidepressant, a serotonergic agonist and a serotonin uptake inhibitor. It is a member of indoles, a nitrile, a N-arylpiperazine, a N-alkylpiperazine, a member of 1-benzofurans and a monocarboxylic acid amide. It is a conjugate base of a vilazodone(1+).", "Vilazodone is a novel compound with combined high affinity and selectivity for the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) transporter and 5-HT(1A) receptors. Vilazodone may also be associated with less sexual dysfunction and weight gain. Vilazodone was given FDA approval on January 21, 2011.", "Vilazodone is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) and partial serotonin receptor agonist which is used in the therapy of major depressive disorders. In premarketing clinical trials, vilazodone therapy was not associated with an increased rate of elevations in serum aminotransferase levels, and it has yet to be linked to instances of clinically apparent acute liver injury.", "Vilazodone is a selective serotonin (5-HT) reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) and a 5-HT-1A receptor partial agonist, with antidepressant and anti-anxiety activities. Vilazodone inhibits the reuptake of serotonin from the synaptic cleft while stimulating the release of 5-HT into the synaptic cleft. This increases the concentration of 5-HT in the synaptic cleft and potentiates serotonergic neurotransmission in the central nervous system.", "A benzofuran, indole, and piperazine derivative that functions as a SEROTONIN UPTAKE INHIBITOR and partial SEROTONIN 5-HT1 RECEPTOR AGONIST. It is used as an ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENT."]], ["Vofopitant", "COC1=C(C=C(C=C1)N2C(=NN=N2)C(F)(F)F)CN[C@H]3CCCN[C@H]3C4=CC=CC=C4", ["Vofopitant has been used in trials studying the treatment of PTSD, Primary Insomnia, and Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders."]], ["Tanomastat", "C1=CC=C(C=C1)SC[C@@H](CC(=O)C2=CC=C(C=C2)C3=CC=C(C=C3)Cl)C(=O)O", ["Tanomastat is an organochlorine compound and a member of biphenyls.", "Tanomastat is a biphenyl matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor (MMPI) with potential antineoplastic activity. Tanomastat inhibits MMP-2, MMP-3, and MMP-9, inhibiting extracellular matrix degradation and potentially inhibiting angiogenesis, tumor growth and invasion, and metastasis. MMPs consist of at least 18 zinc-containing endo-proteinases that are capable of degrading collagen and proteoglycan."]], ["Belotecan hydrochloride", "CC[C@@]1(C2=C(COC1=O)C(=O)N3CC4=C(C5=CC=CC=C5N=C4C3=C2)CCNC(C)C)O.Cl", ["Belotecan Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt of the semi-synthetic camptothecin analogue belotecan with potential antitumor activity. Belotecan binds to and inhibits the activity of topoisomerase I, stabilizing the cleavable complex of topoisomerase I-DNA, which inhibits the religation of single-stranded DNA breaks generated by topoisomerase I; lethal double-stranded DNA breaks occur when the topoisomerase I-DNA complex is encountered by the DNA replication machinery, DNA replication is disrupted, and the tumor cell undergoes apoptosis. Topoisomerase I is an enzyme that mediates reversible single-strand breaks in DNA during DNA replication."]], ["Oleoyl-estrone", "CCCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCC(=O)OC1=CC2=C(C=C1)[C@H]3CC[C@]4([C@H]([C@@H]3CC2)CCC4=O)C", ["Oleoyl-estrone (OE) is a fatty acid ester of estrone. This hormone occurs naturally and is found circulating in various animal species and humans. It has been shown in animal studies to promote the loss of body fat while maintaining body protein storage, maintaining nitrogen balance.  Body protein loss is an unpleasant effect of fat loss by the restriction of calories, and studies show that this drug appears to avoid this effect.", "Oleoyl-estrone is a natural product found in Streptomyces hygroscopicus with data available."]], ["beta-Elemene", "CC(=C)[C@@H]1CC[C@@]([C@@H](C1)C(=C)C)(C)C=C", ["(-)-beta-elemene is the (-)-enantiomer of beta-elemene that has (1S,2S,4R)-configuration. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent.", "beta-Elemene is a natural product found in Xylopia sericea, Eupatorium cannabinum, and other organisms with data available.", "Beta-elemene is one of the isomers of elemene, a lipid soluble sesquiterpene and the active component isolated from the Chinese medicinal herb Rhizoma zedoariae with potential antineoplastic and chemopreventive activities. Although the exact mechanism of action through which beta-elemene exerts its effect has yet to be fully elucidated, this agent appears to induce apoptosis through different mechanisms of action and induces cell cycle arrest at different stages based on the tumor cell type involved. Beta-elemene may sensitize cancer cells to other chemotherapeutic agents."]], ["Acotiamide hydrochloride hydrate", "CC(C)N(CCNC(=O)C1=CSC(=N1)NC(=O)C2=CC(=C(C=C2O)OC)OC)C(C)C.O.O.O.Cl", ["Acotiamide Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of acotiamide, a prokinetic agent with gastrointestinal (GI) motility-enhancing activity. Although the exact mechanism by which acotiamide exerts its effect has yet to be fully elucidated, this agent appears to inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AchE), an enzyme responsible for the breakdown of acetylcholine (Ach). Increased Ach concentrations lead to an improvement of gastric emptying and GI motility and eventually to a reduction of dyspepsia symptoms."]], ["Brostallicin hydrochloride", "CN1C=C(C=C1C(=O)NCCN=C(N)N)NC(=O)C2=CC(=CN2C)NC(=O)C3=CC(=CN3C)NC(=O)C4=CC(=CN4C)NC(=O)C(=C)Br.Cl", ["Brostacillin Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of brostacillin, a synthetic, alpha-bromoacrylic, second-generation minor groove binder (MGB), related to distamycin A, with potential antineoplastic activity. Brostallicin binds to DNA minor groove DNA, after having formed a highly reactive glutathione (GSH)-brostallicin complex in the presence of the enzyme glutathione S-transferase (GST), which is overexpressed in cancer cells; DNA replication and cell division are inhibited, resulting in tumor cell death. Compared to typical MGBs, this agent appears to bind covalently to DNA in a different manner and its activity does not depend on a functional DNA mismatch repair (MMR) mechanism. Accordingly, brostallicin may be effective against MMR-defective tumors that are refractory to various anticancer agents."]], ["Brostallicin", "CN1C=C(C=C1C(=O)NCCN=C(N)N)NC(=O)C2=CC(=CN2C)NC(=O)C3=CC(=CN3C)NC(=O)C4=CC(=CN4C)NC(=O)C(=C)Br", ["Brostallicin is a synthetic, alpha-bromoacrylic, second-generation minor groove binder (MGB), related to distamycin A, with potential antineoplastic activity. Brostallicin binds to DNA minor groove DNA, after having formed a highly reactive glutathione (GSH)-brostallicin complex in the presence of the enzyme glutathione S-transferase (GST), which is overexpressed in cancer cells; DNA replication and cell division are inhibited, resulting in tumor cell death. Compared to typical MGBs, this agent appears to bind covalently to DNA in a different manner and its activity does not depend on a functional DNA mismatch repair (MMR) mechanism. Accordingly, brostallicin may be effective against MMR-defective tumors that are refractory to various anticancer agents."]], ["Ridauran", "CCP(CC)CC.CC(=O)OC[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O1)[S-])OC(=O)C)OC(=O)C)OC(=O)C.[Au+]", ["Auranofin is an orally available, lipophilic, organogold compound, used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, with anti-inflammatory and potential antineoplastic activities. Auranofin interacts with selenocysteine residue within the redox-active domain of mitochondrial thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), thereby blocking the activity of TrxR. As a result, this agent induces mitochondrial oxidative stress leading to the induction of apoptosis. Furthermore, this agent strongly inhibits the JAK1/STAT3 signal transduction pathway, thereby suppressing expression of immune factors involved in inflammation. TrxR, overexpressed in many cancer cell types, inhibits apoptosis, promotes cell growth and survival and plays a role in resistance to chemotherapy; TrxR catalyzes the reduction of oxidized thioredoxin (Trx) and plays a central role in regulating cellular redox homeostasis.", "An oral chrysotherapeutic agent for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Its exact mechanism of action is unknown, but it is believed to act via immunological mechanisms and alteration of lysosomal enzyme activity. Its efficacy is slightly less than that of injected gold salts, but it is better tolerated, and side effects which occur are potentially less serious."]], ["7-Methylthiomethylpaclitaxel", "CC1=C2[C@H](C(=O)[C@@]3([C@H](C[C@@H]4[C@]([C@H]3[C@@H]([C@@](C2(C)C)(C[C@@H]1OC(=O)[C@@H]([C@H](C5=CC=CC=C5)NC(=O)C6=CC=CC=C6)O)O)OC(=O)C7=CC=CC=C7)(CO4)OC(=O)C)OCSC)C)OC(=O)C", ["BMS-184476 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Unspecified Adult Solid Tumor, Protocol Specific.", "BMS-184476 is a 7-methylthiomethyl ether derivative of paclitaxel with antineoplastic activity.  BMS-184476 binds to and stabilizes the resulting microtubules, thereby inhibiting microtubule disassembly which results in cell- cycle arrest at the G2/M phase and apoptosis. (NCI)"]], ["DHA-paclitaxel", "CC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCC(=O)O[C@H]([C@H](C1=CC=CC=C1)NC(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2)C(=O)O[C@H]3C[C@]4([C@H]([C@H]5[C@@]([C@H](C[C@@H]6[C@]5(CO6)OC(=O)C)O)(C(=O)[C@@H](C(=C3C)C4(C)C)OC(=O)C)C)OC(=O)C7=CC=CC=C7)O", ["A combination of DHA (a natural fatty acid) and paclitaxel (an anticancer drug) being studied in the treatment of cancer. It is a type of mitotic inhibitor.", "DHA-Paclitaxel is a prodrug comprised of the naturally occurring omega-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) covalently conjugated to the anti-microtubule agent paclitaxel.  Because tumor cells take up DHA, DHA-paclitaxel is delivered directly to tumor tissue, where the paclitaxel moiety binds to tubulin and inhibits the disassembly of microtubules, thereby resulting in the inhibition of cell division. Paclitaxel also induces apoptosis by binding to and blocking the function of the apoptosis inhibitor protein Bcl-2 (B-cell Leukemia 2).  DHA-paclitaxel exhibits improved pharmacokinetic and toxicity profiles when compared to conventional paclitaxel and has demonstrated antineoplastic activity in animal models of cancer. (NCI04)"]], ["Carisbamate", "C1=CC=C(C(=C1)[C@@H](COC(=O)N)O)Cl", ["Carisbamate is an organochlorine compound.", "Carisbamate has been investigated in Alcohol Abuse, Substance Abuse, and Alcohol Dependence."]], ["Artenimol", "C[C@@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H](C(O[C@H]3[C@@]24[C@H]1CC[C@](O3)(OO4)C)O)C", ["Dihydroartemisinin is a sesquiterpenoid compound which is used as a drug for treatment of malaria. It has a role as an antimalarial.", "Artenimol is an artemisinin derivative and antimalarial agent used in the treatment of uncomplicated *Plasmodium falciparum* infections. It was first authorized for market by the European Medicines Agency in October 2011 in combination with [DB13941] as the product Eurartesim. Artemisinin combination therapy is highly effective against malaria and stongly recommended by the World Health Organization.", "Artenimol is a natural product found in Aspergillus sclerotiorum with data available."]], ["Imisopasem manganese(m40403)", "C1CC[C@@H]2[C@@H](C1)NCCN[C@@H]3CCCC[C@H]3NCC4=CC=CC(=N4)CN2.Cl[Mn]Cl", ["M40403 is a low molecular weight, synthetic manganese containing superoxide dismutase mimetic (SODm) that selectively removes superoxide anion.", "Imisopasem Manganese is a manganese-based non-peptidyl mimetic of the human mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), with potential antioxidant and chemo/radioprotective activities. Upon administration, imisopasem manganese mimics the activity of MnSOD and scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion, which prevents oxygen free radical damage to macromolecules such as DNA. This reduces ROS-mediated lipid peroxidation, prevents apoptosis and protects against oxygen free radical-induced toxicity in normal tissues."]], ["4-Desacetylpaclitaxel 4-methyl carbonate", "CC1=C2[C@H](C(=O)[C@@]3([C@H](C[C@@H]4[C@]([C@H]3[C@@H]([C@@](C2(C)C)(C[C@@H]1OC(=O)[C@@H]([C@H](C5=CC=CC=C5)NC(=O)C6=CC=CC=C6)O)O)OC(=O)C7=CC=CC=C7)(CO4)OC(=O)OC)O)C)OC(=O)C", ["BMS-188797 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Unspecified Adult Solid Tumor, Protocol Specific.", "BMS-188797 is an analog of paclitaxel with antineoplastic activity.  BMS-188797 binds to and stabilizes the resulting microtubules, thereby inhibiting microtubule disassembly which results in cell- cycle arrest at the G2/M phase and apoptosis. (NCI)"]], ["Beloranib", "CC(=CC[C@@H]1[C@@](O1)(C)[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H](CC[C@]23CO3)OC(=O)/C=C/C4=CC=C(C=C4)OCCN(C)C)OC)C", ["Beloranib has been used in trials studying the treatment of Obesity, Over-weight, Type 2 Diabetes, Craniopharyngioma, and Hypothalamic Injury, among others.", "Beloranib is a fumagillin analogue and inhibitor of methionine aminopeptidase 2 (METAP2), with potential antiangiogenic and anti-obesity activity. As an irreversible inhibitor, beloranib blocks METAP2's functions, which include both protecting eukaryotic initiation factor 2 from inhibitory phosphorylation during translation, and by removing the amino-terminal methionine residue from nascent protein permitting the conversion of an inactive or non-functional protein to an active one. As a result, this agent prevents endothelial cell growth and inhibits tumor angiogenesis. In addition, METAP2 inhibition also down-regulates ERK1/2 signaling pathway, which is usually overactive in the fat tissues of obese people. Therefore, at a much lower dose, beloranib can induce liver fat utilization and reduce cholesterol and fatty acid synthesis. METAP2, a member of the dimetallohydrolase family, plays an important role during angiogenesis and is over-expressed in various cancers."]], ["Falnidamol", "CN1CCC(CC1)NC2=NC=C3C(=N2)C(=NC=N3)NC4=CC(=C(C=C4)F)Cl", ["N4-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-N6-(1-methyl-4-piperidinyl)pyrimido[5,4-d]pyrimidine-4,6-diamine is a substituted aniline.", "Falnidamol has been used in trials studying the treatment of Unspecified Adult Solid Tumor, Protocol Specific.", "Falnidamol is a pyrimido-pyrimidine with antitumor activity. BIBX 1382 inhibits the intracellular tyrosine kinase domain of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) thus specifically reversing the aberrant enzymatic activity from overexpressed and constitutively activated EGFR, and subsequently inhibiting cell proliferation and inducing cell differentiation."]], ["Olcegepant", "C1CN(CCC1N2CC3=CC=CC=C3NC2=O)C(=O)N[C@H](CC4=CC(=C(C(=C4)Br)O)Br)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N5CCN(CC5)C6=CC=NC=C6", ["Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals\u2019 olcegepant (BIBN 4096) is a selective Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide (CGRP) antagonist, a new class of drugs in development for the treatment of acute migraine attacks. Olcegepant is undergoing phase II trials in Europe and the US, with preliminary results suggesting that CGRP antagonists may represent a potential new approach to the treatment of migraine."]], ["Pardoprunox", "CN1CCN(CC1)C2=CC=CC3=C2OC(=O)N3", ["Pardoprunox has been used in trials studying the treatment of Early Stage Parkinson's Disease and Advanced Stage Parkinson's Disease. Pardoprunox is a partial dopamine D2 agonist and noradrenergic agonist with serotonin 5-HT1A agonist properties."]], ["Nitroparacetamol", "CC(=O)NC1=CC=C(C=C1)OC(=O)CCCO[N+](=O)[O-]", ["Nitroparacetamol (NCX-701) is a newly synthesized nitric oxide-releasing derivative of paracetamol."]], ["Almitrine mesylate", "CS(=O)(=O)O.CS(=O)(=O)O.C=CCNC1=NC(=NC(=N1)N2CCN(CC2)C(C3=CC=C(C=C3)F)C4=CC=C(C=C4)F)NCC=C", ["Almitrine dimesylate is the dimethanesulfonate salt of almitrine. It has a role as a central nervous system stimulant. It contains an almitrine.", "Almitrine Mesylate is the mesylate form of almitrine, a diphenylmethylpiperazine derivative and respiratory stimulant that can be used to improve oxygenation. Upon systemic administration, almitrine targets, binds to and activates the peripheral chemoreceptors located on the carotid bodies. This enhances respiration and increases arterial oxygen tension while decreasing arterial carbon dioxide tension.", "A respiratory stimulant that enhances respiration by acting as an agonist of peripheral chemoreceptors located on the carotid bodies. The drug increases arterial oxygen tension while decreasing arterial carbon dioxide tension in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. It may also prove useful in the treatment of nocturnal oxygen desaturation without impairing the quality of sleep."]], ["Combretastatin A-1 bis(phosphate)", "COC1=C(C(=C(C=C1)/C=C\\C2=CC(=C(C(=C2)OC)OC)OC)OP(=O)(O)O)OP(=O)(O)O", ["OXI-4503 is investigated in clinical trials for treating cancer/tumors. OXI-4503 is a solid. OXI-4503 blocks and destroys tumor vasculature, resulting in extensive tumor cell death and necrosis. OXI-4503 (combretastatin A1 di-phosphate / CA1P) is a unique and highly potent, dual-mechanism vascular disrupting agent (VDA). In addition, however, preclinical data demonstrates that OXI-4503 is metabolized by oxidative enzymes (e.g., tyrosinase and peroxidases), which are elevated in many solid tumors and tumor infiltrates, to an orthoquinone chemical species that has direct cytotoxic effects on tumor cells. Preclinical studies have demonstrated that OXI-4503 has (i) single-agent activity against a range of xenograft tumor models; and (ii) synergistic or additive effects when incorporated in various combination regimens with chemotherapy, molecularly-targeted therapies (including tumor-angiogenesis inhibitors), and radiation therapy.", "Combretastatin A1 Diphosphate is the diphosphate prodrug of the stilbenoid combretastatin A1, originally isolated from the plant Combretum caffrum, with vascular-disrupting and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, combretastatin A1 diphosphate (CA1P) is dephosphorylated to the active metabolite combretastatin A1 (CA1), which promotes rapid microtubule depolymerization; endothelial cell mitotic arrest and apoptosis, destruction of the tumor vasculature, disruption of tumor blood flow and tumor cell necrosis may ensue. In addition, orthoquinone intermediates, metabolized from combretastatin A1 by oxidative enzymes found to be elevated in some tumor types, may bind to tumor cell thiol-specific antioxidant proteins and DNA, and stimulate oxidative stress by enhancing superoxide/hydrogen peroxide production. CA1 binds to tubulin at the same site as colchicine but with higher affinity."]], ["Talabostat", "B([C@@H]1CCCN1C(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)N)(O)O", ["Talabostat is a small molecule with antineoplastic and hematopoiesis- stimulating activities. By cleaving N-terminal Xaa-Pro or Xaa-Ala residues, talabostat inhibits dipeptidyl peptidases, such as fibroblast activation protein (FAP), resulting in the stimulation of cytokine and chemokine production and specific T-cell immunity and T-cell dependent activity. This agent may also stimulate the production of colony stimulating factors, such as granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), resulting in the stimulation of hematopoiesis. Dipeptidyl peptidases are involved in the activation of polypeptide hormones and chemokines."]], ["Tesetaxel", "CC1=C2[C@@H]3[C@H]([C@@]4(CC[C@@H]5[C@]([C@H]4[C@@H]([C@@](C2(C)C)(C[C@@H]1OC(=O)[C@@H]([C@H](C6=C(C=CC=N6)F)NC(=O)OC(C)(C)C)O)O)OC(=O)C7=CC=CC=C7)(CO5)OC(=O)C)C)O[C@@H](O3)CN(C)C", ["Tesetaxel has been used in trials studying the treatment of Cancer, Melanoma, Prostate Cancer, Gastric Carcinoma, and Advanced Melanoma, among others.", "Tesetaxel is a semi-synthetic, orally bioavailable taxane derivative with potential antineoplastic and antiangiogenic properties. Tesetaxel binds to and stabilizes tubulin, promoting microtubule assembly and thereby preventing microtubule depolymerization. This may lead to cell cycle arrest and an inhibition of cell proliferation. This agent may also inhibit pro-angiogenic factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). As it represents poor substrate for P-glycoprotein-related drug resistance mechanisms, this agent may be useful for treating multi-drug resistant tumors."]], ["Sugammadex Sodium", "C(CSC[C@@H]1[C@@H]2[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](O1)O[C@@H]3[C@H](O[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]3O)O)O[C@@H]4[C@H](O[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]4O)O)O[C@@H]5[C@H](O[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]5O)O)O[C@@H]6[C@H](O[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]6O)O)O[C@@H]7[C@H](O[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]7O)O)O[C@@H]8[C@H](O[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]8O)O)O[C@@H]9[C@H](O[C@H](O2)[C@@H]([C@H]9O)O)CSCCC(=O)[O-])CSCCC(=O)[O-])CSCCC(=O)[O-])CSCCC(=O)[O-])CSCCC(=O)[O-])CSCCC(=O)[O-])CSCCC(=O)[O-])O)O)C(=O)[O-].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+]", ["Sugammadex sodium is an organic sodium salt that is the octasodium salt of sugammadex. Used for reversal of neuromuscular blockade induced by rocuronium and vecuronium in adults undergoing surgery. It has a role as a neuromuscular agent. It contains a sugammadex(8-).", "Sugammadex Sodium is the sodium salt form of sugammadex, a biologically inert, selective relaxant binding agent (SRBA) composed of a modified, anionic gamma cyclodextrin derivative containing a hydrophilic exterior and a hydrophobic core, with neuromuscular blocking drug (NMBD) reversal activity. Upon administration, the negatively charged carboxyl-thio-ether groups of sugammadex selectively and reversibly bind to the positively charged quaternary nitrogen of a steroidal NMBD, such as rocuronium and vecuronium, which was administered at an earlier time for anesthetic purposes. The encapsulation of the NMBD by sugammadex blocks its ability to bind to nicotinic receptors in the neuromuscular junction and thereby reverses the NMBD-induced neuromuscular blockade.", "A gamma-cyclodextrin that functions as a reversal agent for the neuromuscular blocker ROCURONIUM BROMIDE."]], ["Milataxel", "CCC(=O)O[C@H]1C[C@@H]2[C@@](CO2)([C@@H]3[C@@]1(C(=O)[C@@H](C4=C([C@H](C[C@@]([C@H]3OC(=O)C5=CC=CC=C5)(C4(C)C)O)OC(=O)[C@@H]([C@H](C6=CC=CO6)NC(=O)OC(C)(C)C)O)C)O)C)OC(=O)C", ["Milataxel has been used in trials studying the treatment of Mesothelioma.", "Milataxel is an orally bioavailable taxane with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, milataxel and its major active metabolite M-10 bind to and stabilize tubulin, resulting in the inhibition of microtubule depolymerization and cell division, cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase, and the inhibition of tumor cell proliferation. Unlike other taxane compounds, milataxel appears to be a poor substrate for the multidrug resistance (MDR) membrane-associated P-glycoprotein (P-gp) efflux pump and may be useful for treating multidrug-resistant tumors."]], ["Bms-275183", "CC1=C2[C@H](C(=O)[C@@]3([C@H](C[C@@H]4[C@]([C@H]3[C@@H]([C@@](C2(C)C)(C[C@@H]1OC(=O)[C@@H]([C@H](C(C)(C)C)NC(=O)OC(C)(C)C)O)O)OC(=O)C5=CC=CC=C5)(CO4)OC(=O)OC)O)C)OC(=O)C", ["BMS-275183 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Tumors and Non-small Cell Lung Cancer.", "BMS-275183 is an orally available, C-4 methyl carbonate analog of paclitaxel with potential antineoplastic activity. Like paclitaxel, BMS-275183 binds to tubulin and stabilizes microtubules, thereby inhibiting microtubule disassembly which results in cell-cycle arrest at the G2/M phase and an induction of apoptosis."]], ["Isavuconazonium", "C[C@@H](C1=NC(=CS1)C2=CC=C(C=C2)C#N)[C@](CN3C=[N+](C=N3)C(C)OC(=O)N(C)C4=C(C=CC=N4)COC(=O)CNC)(C5=C(C=CC(=C5)F)F)O", ["Isavuconazonium is an organic cation that is the cationic portion of isavuconazonium sulfate (a prodrug for isavuconazole, an antifungal agent used for the treatment of invasive aspergillosis and invasive mucormycosis). It has a role as a prodrug, an ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitor, an EC 1.14.13.70 (sterol 14alpha-demethylase) inhibitor and an antifungal agent.", "Isavuconazonium is a second-generation triazole antifungal approved on March 6, 2015 by the FDA for the treatment of invasive aspergillosis and invasive mucormycosis, marketed by Astellas under the brand Cresemba. It is the prodrug form of isavuconazole, the active moiety, and it is available in oral and parenteral formulations. Due to low solubility in water of isavuconazole on its own, the isovuconazonium formulation is favorable as it has high solubility in water and allows for intravenous administration. This formulation also avoids the use of a cyclodextrin vehicle for solubilization required for intravenous administration of other antifungals such as voriconazole and posaconazole, eliminating concerns of nephrotoxicity associated with cyclodextrin. Isovuconazonium has excellent oral bioavailability, predictable pharmacokinetics, and a good safety profile, making it a reasonable alternative to its few other competitors on the market.", "Isavuconazonium is a triazole antifungal agent used primarily in the treatment of invasive aspergillosis and mucormycosis infections. Isavuconazonium is associated with a low rate of transient and asymptomatic serum aminotransferase elevations during therapy, but has not been linked to instances of clinically apparent acute drug induced liver injury."]], ["Belinostat", "C1=CC=C(C=C1)NS(=O)(=O)C2=CC=CC(=C2)/C=C/C(=O)NO", ["Belinostat is a hydroxamic acid-type histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor with antineoplastic activity. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent and an EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor. It is a hydroxamic acid, a sulfonamide and an olefinic compound.", "Belinostat is a novel agent that inhibits the enzyme histone deacetylase (HDAC) with a sulfonamide-hydroxamide structure. It was developed as an orphan drug to target hematological malignancies and solid tumors by TopoTarget. The safety and efficacy of belinostat is currently being evaluated for use in combination with traditional front-line therapies for the treatment of PTCL. Intravenous administration of the agent is available as Beleodaq as monotherapy and the dosing regimen involves a 21-day cycle. It was US-approved in July 2014 as a therapeutic agent for relapsed or refractory peripheral T-cell lymphoma.", "Belinostat is a Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor. The mechanism of action of belinostat is as a Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor.", "Belinostat is an intravenously administered histone deacetylase inhibitor and antineoplastic agent that is approved for use in refractory or relapsed peripheral T cell lymphoma. Belinostat is associated with moderate rate of minor serum enzyme elevations during therapy and has been reported to cause clinically apparent fatal, acute liver injury.", "Belinostat is a novel hydroxamic acid-type histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor with antineoplastic activity. Belinostat targets HDAC enzymes, thereby inhibiting tumor cell proliferation, inducing apoptosis, promoting cellular differentiation, and inhibiting angiogenesis. This agent may sensitize drug-resistant tumor cells to other antineoplastic agents, possibly through a mechanism involving the down-regulation of thymidylate synthase."]], ["Metapro", "CC(C)[C@H](C(=O)N)NC(=O)O[C@@H]1CC[C@]2(CO2)[C@H]([C@@H]1OC)[C@@]3([C@H](O3)CC=C(C)C)C", ["PPI-2458 represents a potentially new and important addition to the growing list of therapeutics aimed at specific molecular oncology targets. PPI-2458 is a novel, proprietary molecule belonging to the fumagillin class of compounds that specifically targets the MetAP-2 enzyme. This class of compounds has been shown to prevent both abnormal cell growth and the formation of new blood vessels (known as angiogenesis), which contribute to the growth of aberrant tissues in diseases such as cancer and rheumatoid arthritis. Clinical development with previous fumagillin derivatives has been limited by their toxicity profile. In preclinical studies to date, PPI-2458 has demonstrated the potent pharmacologic activity of this class of compounds while displaying an improved pharmacokinetic and toxicity profile.", "Methionine Aminopeptidase 2 Inhibitor PPI-2458 is a synthetic derivative of fumagillin with antineoplastic and cytotoxic properties.  PPI-2458 irreversibly inhibits the enzyme methionine aminopeptidase type 2 (MetAP2), thereby preventing abnormal cell growth and angiogenesis. PPI-2458 is reported to have a better toxicity profile compared to other agents of its class. (NCI04)"]], ["Aplaviroc hydrochloride", "CCCCN1C(=O)[C@H](NC(=O)C12CCN(CC2)CC3=CC=C(C=C3)OC4=CC=C(C=C4)C(=O)O)[C@@H](C5CCCCC5)O.Cl", ["Aplaviroc Hydrochloride is a hydrochloride salt form of Aplaviroc, a C-C Chemokine Receptor Type 5 (CCR5) antagonist with activity against HIV-1. Aplaviroc inhibits HIV-1 entry via CCR5 coreceptor interaction."]], ["Valopicitabine", "CC(C)[C@@H](C(=O)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O[C@H]([C@]1(C)O)N2C=CC(=NC2=O)N)CO)N", ["The 3-O-valine ester prodrug of the nucleoside analog 2'-C-methylcytidine with anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) activity. Upon administration, valopicitabine is converted into 2'-C-methylcytidine; upon phosphorylation into its 5-triphosphate form, this metabolite inhibits viral RNA chain elongation and viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity. This blocks viral production of HCV RNA and thus viral replication. [from NCI]", "Valopicitabine is the 3-O-valine ester prodrug of the nucleoside analog 2'-C-methylcytidine with anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) activity. Upon administration, valopicitabine is converted into 2'-C-methylcytidine; upon phosphorylation into its 5-triphosphate form, this metabolite inhibits viral RNA chain elongation and viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity. This blocks viral production of HCV RNA and thus viral replication."]], ["Rigosertib", "COC1=C(C=C(C=C1)CS(=O)(=O)/C=C/C2=C(C=C(C=C2OC)OC)OC)NCC(=O)O", ["Rigosertib is an N-[2-methoxy-5-({[2-(2,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl)ethenyl]sulfonyl}methyl)phenyl]glycine in which the double bond has E-configuration. It is a non-ATP-competitive inhibitor of PLK1 with an IC50 of 9 nM and exhibits anti-cancer properties. It has a role as a microtubule-destabilising agent, an EC 2.7.11.21 (polo kinase) inhibitor, an apoptosis inducer and an antineoplastic agent. It is a conjugate acid of a rigosertib(1-).", "Rigosertib has been used in trials studying the treatment and basic science of MDS, RAEB, Cancer, Hepatoma, and Neoplasms, among others.", "Rigosertib is a synthetic benzyl styryl sulfone analogue and Ras mimetic, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, rigosertib targets and binds to Ras-binding domain (RBD) found in many Ras effector proteins, including Raf kinase and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K). This prevents Ras from binding to its targets and inhibits Ras-mediated signaling pathways, including Ras/Raf/Erk, Ras/CRAF/polo-like kinase1 (Plk1), and Ras/ PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. This induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis and inhibits proliferation in a variety of susceptible tumor cells."]], ["(E)-9,10-Didehydroepothilone D", "C[C@H]1/C=C/C/C(=C\\C[C@H](OC(=O)C[C@@H](C(C(=O)[C@@H]([C@H]1O)C)(C)C)O)/C(=C/C2=CSC(=N2)C)/C)/C", ["KOS-1584 is a second-generation epothilone. Epothilones are anticancer agents with a taxane-like mechanism of action that have demonstrated activity in taxane-resistant tumors. KOS-1584 is a second-generation compound with increased potency, favorable tissue distribution, and ease of formulation.", "Epothilone KOS-1584 is a second-generation epothilone with potential antineoplastic activity. Epothilone KOS-1584 binds to tubulin and induces microtubule polymerization and stabilizes microtubules against depolymerization, which may result in the inhibition of cell division, the induction of G2/M arrest, and apoptosis. Compared to first-generation epothilones, this agent exhibits greater safety and efficacy with an enhanced pharmaceutical profile, including enhanced water solubility and tumor penetration, and reduced CNS exposure. In addition, epothilone KOS-1584 is a poor substrate for the P-glycoprotein (P-gp) drug efflux pump."]], ["Rebaudioside A", "C[C@@]12CCC[C@@]([C@H]1CC[C@]34[C@H]2CC[C@](C3)(C(=C)C4)O[C@H]5[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O5)CO)O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O)O[C@H]7[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O7)CO)O)O)O)(C)C(=O)O[C@H]8[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O8)CO)O)O)O", ["Rebaudioside A is a rebaudioside that is rubusoside in which the hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 4 of the beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy group at the 13alpha position have both been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranoside. It has a role as a sweetening agent. It is a beta-D-glucoside, a tetracyclic diterpenoid and a rebaudioside. It is functionally related to a rubusoside and a beta-D-Glcp-(1->2)-[beta-D-Glcp-(1->3)]-beta-D-Glcp.", "Rebaudioside A is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03510624 (Acute Effect of Rebaudioside A on Glucose Excursion During an Oral Glucose Tolerance Test in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus).", "Rebaudioside A is a natural product found in Stevia rebaudiana and Bos taurus with data available."]], ["(4-Amino-2-((1-(methylsulfonyl)piperidin-4-yl)amino)pyrimidin-5-yl)(2,3-difluoro-6-methoxyphenyl)methanone", "COC1=C(C(=C(C=C1)F)F)C(=O)C2=CN=C(N=C2N)NC3CCN(CC3)S(=O)(=O)C", ["CDK Inhibitor R547 is an orally bioavailable diaminopyrimidine compound and a cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor with potential antineoplastic activity. CDKs are ATP-dependent serine/threonine kinases that are important regulators of cell cycle progression and are frequently overexpressed in cancerous cells. R547 selectively binds to and inhibits CDKs, especially CDK1/cyclin B, CDK2/cyclin E, and CDK4/cyclin D1. The inhibition of CDKs results in cell cycle arrest, inhibition of tumor cell proliferation, and induction of apoptosis. By inhibiting CDK activity, R547 also reduces phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma (Rb) protein, thereby preventing activation of transcription factor E2F and leading to further suppression of tumor cell proliferation."]], ["(1S,2S)-Pseudoephedrine", "C[C@@H]([C@H](C1=CC=CC=C1)O)[NH2+]C", ["Pseudoephedrine(1+) is an organic cation obtained by protonation of the secondary amino function of pseudoephedrine. It is an ammonium ion derivative and an organic cation. It is a conjugate acid of a pseudoephedrine. It is an enantiomer of a (1R,2R)-pseudoephedrine(1+)."]], ["(2S)-2-(6-methoxynaphthalen-2-yl)propanoate", "C[C@@H](C1=CC2=C(C=C1)C=C(C=C2)OC)C(=O)[O-]", ["Naproxen(1-) is the anion formed from naproxen by loss of a proton from the carboxy group. It is a conjugate base of a naproxen.", "An anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic and antipyretic properties. Both the acid and its sodium salt are used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other rheumatic or musculoskeletal disorders, dysmenorrhea, and acute gout."]], ["(R)-Equol", "C1[C@@H](COC2=C1C=CC(=C2)O)C3=CC=C(C=C3)O", ["(R)-Equol is a member of hydroxyisoflavans."]], ["(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate", "C[C@H](CC(=O)[O-])O", ["(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate is the conjugate base of (R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid. It has a role as a human metabolite. It is a conjugate base of a (R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid. It is an enantiomer of a (S)-3-hydroxybutyrate."]], ["Acetyl-L-carnitine", "CC(=O)O[C@H](CC(=O)[O-])C[N+](C)(C)C", ["O-acetyl-L-carnitine is an O-acyl-L-carnitine where the acyl group specified is acetyl. It facilitates movement of acetyl-CoA into the matrices of mammalian mitochondria during the oxidation of fatty acids. It has a role as a human metabolite and a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite. It is an O-acetylcarnitine and a saturated fatty acyl-L-carnitine. It is functionally related to a carnitine. It is an enantiomer of an O-acetyl-D-carnitine.", "Acetylcarnitine is an investigational drug in the United states, Italy, United Kingdom, China, Israel, and Norway, and it is approved in Italy, Portugal, Argentina, Chile, Philippines, Australia, and India. Acetylcarnitine can be synthesized, but it is also naturally found in adequate amounts in healthy humans. In human plasma and tissues, acetylcarnitine is the most predominant acylated ester of carnitine, which is an amino acid derivative that is made in the kidney, liver, and brain from lysine and methionine. The main role of acetylcarnitine is to help transport fatty acids into the mitochondrial matrix where fatty acid metabolism occurs.", "L-Acetylcarnitine is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).", "Acetyl-L-carnitine is a natural product found in Phaseolus vulgaris, Caenorhabditis elegans, and Homo sapiens with data available.", "An acetic acid ester of CARNITINE that facilitates movement of ACETYL COA into the matrices of mammalian MITOCHONDRIA during the oxidation of FATTY ACIDS."]], ["Keflin", "CC(=O)OCC1=C(N2[C@@H]([C@@H](C2=O)NC(=O)CC3=CC=CS3)SC1)C(=O)[O-]", ["Cefalotin(1-) is a carboxylic acid anion. It is a conjugate base of a cefalotin.", "A cephalosporin antibiotic."]], ["Anecortave", "C[C@]12CCC(=O)C=C1CC[C@@H]3C2=CC[C@]4([C@H]3CC[C@@]4(C(=O)CO)O)C", ["Anecortave is a 21-hydroxy steroid.", "Anecortave is under investigation in clinical trial NCT00691717 (Anecortave Acetate Safety in Patients With Open-Angle Glaucoma or Ocular Hypertension)."]], ["Cefotaxime(1-)", "CC(=O)OCC1=C(N2[C@@H]([C@@H](C2=O)NC(=O)/C(=N/OC)/C3=CSC(=N3)N)SC1)C(=O)[O-]", ["Semisynthetic broad-spectrum cephalosporin."]], ["alpha-Amanitine", "CC[C@H](C)[C@H]1C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@H]2C[S@@](=O)C3=C(C[C@@H](C(=O)NCC(=O)N1)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H]4C[C@H](CN4C(=O)[C@@H](NC2=O)CC(=O)N)O)[C@@H](C)[C@H](CO)O)C5=C(N3)C=C(C=C5)O", ["Alpha-amanitin is a heterodetic cyclic peptide consisting of eight amino acid residues and containing a thioether bridge between a cysteine and a tryptophan residue. It is found in a number of poisonous mushrooms, including Amanita phalloides (the death cap), Galerina marginata, and and Conocybe filaris. It has a role as a mycotoxin and an EC 2.7.7.6 (RNA polymerase) inhibitor.", "A cyclic octapeptide with a thioether bridge between the cystine and tryptophan. It inhibits RNA POLYMERASE II. Poisoning may require LIVER TRANSPLANTATION."]], ["cis-4-Decenedioic acid", "C(CCC(=O)O)C/C=C\\CCC(=O)O", ["Cis-4-Decenedioic acid is a dicarboxylic fatty acid and a monounsaturated fatty acid."]], ["Phosphatidylserine", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)(O)OC[C@@H](C(=O)O)N)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC", ["1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoserine is a 3-sn-phosphatidyl L-serine in which the phosphatidyl acyl group at both positions 1 and 2 is stearoyl. It has a role as a mouse metabolite. It is functionally related to an octadecanoic acid.", "PS(18:0/18:0) is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).", "Phosphatidylserine is a phospholipid with a polar serine found in phosphoester linkage to diacylglycerol.", "Derivatives of PHOSPHATIDIC ACIDS in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to a SERINE moiety."]], ["1alpha,24S-Dihydroxyvitamin D2", "C[C@H](/C=C/[C@](C)(C(C)C)O)[C@H]1CC[C@@H]\\2[C@@]1(CCC/C2=C\\C=C/3\\C[C@H](C[C@@H](C3=C)O)O)C", ["LR-103 is a naturally occurring D-hormone that is produced by the kidneys from vitamin D. LR-103 is one of the D-hormones produced from Hectorol. It is developed for the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Studies have shown LR-103 has the same potency as calcitriol, but much lower toxicity."]], ["1D-myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,5-pentakisphosphate", "[C@H]1([C@@H](C([C@H]([C@@H](C1O)OP(=O)(O)O)OP(=O)(O)O)OP(=O)(O)O)OP(=O)(O)O)OP(=O)(O)O", ["1D-myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,5-pentakisphosphate is a myo-inositol pentakisphosphate. It is functionally related to a myo-inositol. It is a conjugate acid of a 1D-myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,5-pentakisphosphate(10-)."]], ["4-Methylsulfinylbutyl glucosinolate", "CS(=O)CCCC/C(=N\\OS(=O)(=O)O)/S[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O1)CO)O)O)O", ["Glucoraphanin is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01879878 (Pilot Study Evaluating Broccoli Sprouts in Advanced Pancreatic Cancer [POUDER Trial]).", "Glucoraphanin is a natural product found in Arabidopsis thaliana, Brassica, and Raphanus sativus with data available."]], ["Taxane", "C[C@@H]1CCC[C@@]2([C@@H]1C[C@@H]3CC[C@H]([C@@H](C3(C)C)CC2)C)C", ["Taxane is a terpenoid fundamental parent and a diterpene."]], ["(Glycolato-O,O')diammineplatinum(II)", "C(C(=O)O)O.N.N.[Pt+2]", ["Nedaplatin is a platinum coordination entity.", "Nedaplatin is a second generation platinum analog. It is less nephrotoxic than [DB00515] but has proven equally effective. It was approved for use in Japan in 1995.", "Nedaplatin is a second-generation cisplatin analogue with antineoplastic activity. Containing a novel ring structure in which glycolate is bound to the platinum by a bidentate ligand, nedaplatin forms reactive platinum complexes that bind to nucelophillic groups in DNA, resulting in intrastrand and interstrand DNA cross-links, apoptosis and cell death. This agent appears to be less nephrotoxic and neurotoxic compared to both cisplatin and carboplatin."]], ["alpha-Solanin", "C[C@H]1CC[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@H]3[C@@H](N2C1)C[C@@H]4[C@@]3(CC[C@H]5[C@H]4CC=C6[C@@]5(CC[C@@H](C6)O[C@H]7[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@H](O7)CO)O)O[C@H]8[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O8)CO)O)O)O)O[C@H]9[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O9)C)O)O)O)C)C)C", ["Solanine is a glycoalkaloid poison found in species of the nightshade family (Solanaceae), such as the potato (Solanum tuberosum). It is a trisccharide derivative of solanidine [(22beta)-solanid-5-en-3beta-ol]. It has a role as a phytotoxin, an antineoplastic agent, an apoptosis inducer and a plant metabolite. It is a steroid saponin, a trisaccharide derivative and an organic heterohexacyclic compound. It is functionally related to a solanidine.", "(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-2-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-[[(1S,2S,7S,10R,11S,14S,15R,16S,17R,20S,23S)-10,14,16,20-tetramethyl-22-azahexacyclo[12.10.0.02,11.05,10.015,23.017,22]tetracos-4-en-7-yl]oxy]-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol is a natural product found in Capsicum annuum, Solanum tuberosum, and Bos taurus with data available."]], ["9H-Purine-9-propanamine, 6-amino-8-((6-iodo-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)thio)-N-(1-methylethyl)-", "CC(C)NCCCN1C2=NC=NC(=C2N=C1SC3=C(C=C4C(=C3)OCO4)I)N", ["Zelavespib (PU-H71) has been used in trials studying the treatment of LYMPHOMA, Solid Tumors, Metastatic Solid Tumor, and Myeloproliferative Neoplasms (MPN).", "Zelavespib is a purine-based heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) inhibitor with potential antineoplastic activity. Zelavespib specifically inhibits active Hsp90, thereby inhibiting its chaperone function and promoting the proteasomal degradation of oncogenic signaling proteins involved in tumor cell proliferation and survival. This may result in the inhibition of cellular proliferation in susceptible tumor cell populations. Hsp90, a molecular chaperone protein, is upregulated in a variety of tumor cell types."]], ["2-(2-(4-((4-Chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methyl)piperazin-1-yl)ethoxy)acetic acid hydrochloride", "C1CN(CCN1CCOCC(=O)O)C(C2=CC=CC=C2)C3=CC=C(C=C3)Cl.Cl", ["Cetirizine Hydrochloride is a synthetic phenylmethyl-piperazinyl derivative, antihistaminic Cetirizine is a metabolite of hydroxyzine and a selective peripheral histamine H1-receptor antagonist. It is used for symptomatic treatment of seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis and for chronic urticaria. (NCI04)"]], ["Exametazime", "C[C@@H](NCC(CN[C@@H](/C(=N/O)/C)C)(C)C)/C(=N/O)/C", ["Exametazime is a ketoxime.", "Exametazime is a diagnostic radiopharmaceutical agent commonly used for the preparation of Tc99m Exametazime injection. It acts as a chelating agent for the radioisotope technetium-99m to form a cationic complex. It is used in the detection of altered regional cerebral perfusion and for the radiolabeling of autologous leukocytes."]], ["Perfosfamide", "C1CO[P@](=O)(N[C@@H]1OO)N(CCCl)CCCl", ["Perfosfamide is a nitrogen mustard.", "Perfosfamide has been used in trials studying the treatment of Lymphoma, Neuroblastoma, and Multiple Myeloma and Plasma Cell Neoplasm.", "Perfosfamide is the active metabolite of the nitrogen mustard cyclophosphamide with potent antineoplastic and immunosuppressive properties. Perfosfamide alkylates DNA, thereby inhibiting DNA replication and RNA and protein synthesis. (NCI04)"]], ["Oxiconazole nitrate", "C1=CC(=C(C=C1Cl)Cl)CO/N=C(\\CN2C=CN=C2)/C3=C(C=C(C=C3)Cl)Cl.[N+](=O)(O)[O-]", ["Oxiconazole nitrate is an organic nitrate salt resulting from the reaction of equimolar amounts of oxiconazole and nitric acid. An antifungal agent, it is used in creams and powders for the topical treatment of fungal skin infections. It has a role as an antiinfective agent. It is an organic nitrate salt, a conazole antifungal drug and an imidazole antifungal drug. It contains an oxiconazole(1+).", "Oxiconazole Nitrate is the nitrate salt form of oxiconazole, a broad spectrum imidazole derivative with antifungal activity. Although the exact mechanism of action has yet to be fully elucidated, oxiconazole, like other azole antifungals, most likely inhibits the cytochrome P450-dependent demethylation of lanosterol. This prevents the synthesis of ergosterol which is a crucial component of fungal cell membrane. By disrupting fungal cell membrane synthesis and integrity, oxiconazole alters fungal cell membrane permeability, promotes loss of essential intracellular components and eventually inhibits fungal cell growth."]], ["Nitrofurantoin sodium", "C1C(=NC(=O)N1/N=C/C2=CC=C(O2)[N+](=O)[O-])[O-].[Na+]", ["Nitrofurantoin Sodium is a sodium salt form of nitrofurantoin, a synthetic derivative of imidazolidinedione (hydantoin) that inhibits bacterial DNA, RNA, and cell wall protein synthesis."]], ["Cycostat", "C1=CC(=CC=C1/C=[NH+]/N/C(=N/N=C/C2=CC=C(C=C2)Cl)/N)Cl.[Cl-]", ["An anticoccidial agent mainly for poultry."]], ["Robenidine", "C1=CC(=CC=C1/C=N/N/C(=N/N=C/C2=CC=C(C=C2)Cl)/N)Cl", ["Robenidine is identified as a coccidiostat drug, which slows both the growth and reproductive cycles of coccidian parasites. Robenidine is used to control coccidiosis, a lethal infection in poultry which has shown a significant economic burden. Despite the availability of other agents to treat coccidiosis, robenidine has been proven to be effective in delaying the development of antibiotic resistance through intermittent and rotating use with other antimicrobials. Farmers alternate the use of robenidine with other antimicrobial agents in order to maintain effectiveness by slowing the development of antimicrobial resistance.", "An anticoccidial agent mainly for poultry."]], ["Cefmenoxime", "CN1C(=NN=N1)SCC2=C(N3[C@@H]([C@@H](C3=O)NC(=O)/C(=N\\OC)/C4=CSC(=N4)N)SC2)C(=O)O", ["Cefmenoxime is a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic, bearing a 2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino group at the 7beta-position and a [(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)sulfanyl]methyl group at the 3-position. It has a role as an antibacterial drug. It is a conjugate acid of a cefmenoxime(1-).", "Cefmenoxime is a novel broad-spectrum and third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic that is typically used in the treatment of female gynecologic and obstetric infections. It is reported to exhibit high activity against a wide variety of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.", "Cefmenoxime is a natural product found in Bos taurus with data available.", "Cefmenoxime is a third-generation, semi-synthetic, beta-lactam cephalosporin antibiotic with antibacterial activity. Cefmenoxime binds to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), transpeptidases that are responsible for crosslinking of peptidoglycan. By preventing crosslinking of peptidoglycan, cell wall integrity is lost and cell wall synthesis is halted.", "A cephalosporin antibiotic that is administered intravenously or intramuscularly. It is active against most common gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms, is a potent inhibitor of Enterobacteriaceae, and is highly resistant to hydrolysis by beta-lactamases. The drug has a high rate of efficacy in many types of infection and to date no severe side effects have been noted."]], ["2,4-Imidazolidinedione, 1-(((5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-furanyl)methylene)amino)-3-(4-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)butyl)-", "CN1CCN(CC1)CCCCN2C(=O)CN(C2=O)/N=C/C3=CC=C(O3)C4=CC=C(C=C4)Cl", ["Azimilide is an imidazolidine-2,4-dione.", "Azimilide is an investigational class III anti-arrhythmic drug that blocks fast and slow components of the delayed rectifier cardiac potassium channels. It is not approved for use in any country, but is currently in clinical trials in the United States."]], ["Gemifloxacin", "CO/N=C/1\\CN(CC1CN)C2=C(C=C3C(=O)C(=CN(C3=N2)C4CC4)C(=O)O)F", ["Gemifloxacin is a 1,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine with a carboxy group at the 3-position, an oxo sustituent at the 4-position, a fluoro substituent at the 5-position and a substituted pyrrolin-1-yl group at the 7-position. It has a role as a topoisomerase IV inhibitor, an antimicrobial agent and an antibacterial drug. It is a monocarboxylic acid, a 1,8-naphthyridine derivative, a quinolone antibiotic and a fluoroquinolone antibiotic.", "Gemifloxacin is a quinolone antibacterial agent with a broad-spectrum activity that is used in the treatment of acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis and mild-to-moderate pneumonia. It is available in oral formulations. Gemifloxacin acts by inhibiting DNA synthesis through the inhibition of both DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, which are essential for bacterial growth.", "Gemifloxacin is a Quinolone Antimicrobial.", "Gemifloxacin is a fourth generation, oral fluoroquinolone antibiotic used in the therapy of mild-to-moderate respiratory tract infections caused by susceptible organisms. Gemifloxacin has been linked to rare instances of acute liver injury.", "Gemifloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic with antimicrobial property. Gemifloxacin enters bacterial cells by diffusion through integral membrane porin pathway before targeting both DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, two enzymes critical for DNA replication and repair. This agent binds to the DNA/DNA-gyrase complex and inhibits the A subunits of the enzyme thereby preventing the bacterial chromosome from rejoining. This interferes with DNA replication and repair processes as well as transcription, and ultimately leads to bacterial cell death. Gemifloxacin targets at both Gram-positive, -negative and atypical human pathogens.", "A naphthyridine and fluoroquinolone derivative antibacterial agent and DNA TOPOISOMERASE II inhibitor that is used for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia and acute bacterial infections associated with chronic bronchitis."]], ["Ximelagatran", "CCOC(=O)CN[C@H](C1CCCCC1)C(=O)N2CC[C@H]2C(=O)NCC3=CC=C(C=C3)/C(=N/O)/N", ["Ximelagatran is a member of the class of azetidines that is melagatran in which the carboxylic acid group has been converted to the corresponding ethyl ester and in which the amidine group has been converted into the corresponding amidoxime. A prodrug for melagatran, ximelagatran was the first orally available direct thrombin inhibitor to be brought to market as an anticoagulant, but was withdrawn in 2006 following reports of it causing liver damage. It has a role as an anticoagulant, a prodrug, an EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor and a serine protease inhibitor. It is a member of azetidines, an amidoxime, a secondary amino compound, an ethyl ester, a carboxamide, a tertiary carboxamide and a secondary carboxamide. It is functionally related to a melagatran. It is a tautomer of a ximelagatran (hydroxylamine form).", "Ximelagatran is an anticoagulant intended to become a replacement for warfarin by overcoming the dietary restrictions, drug interaction, and monitoring issues associated with the former. In 2006, its manufacturer AstraZeneca announced that it would not attempt to market ximelagatran after reports of hepatotoxicity (liver damage) during trials, and to discontinue its distribution in countries where the drug had been approved."]], ["Tenofovir alafenamide", "C[C@H](CN1C=NC2=C(N=CN=C21)N)OC[P@@](=O)(N[C@@H](C)C(=O)OC(C)C)OC3=CC=CC=C3", ["Tenofovir alafenamide is an L-alanine derivative that is isopropyl L-alaninate in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by an (S)-({[(2R)-1-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)propan-2-yl]oxy}methyl)(phenoxy)phosphoryl group. A prodrug for tenofovir, it is used (as the fumarate salt) in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV-1 infection. It has a role as an antiviral drug, a HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor and a prodrug. It is a L-alanine derivative, a phosphoramidate ester, an ether, a member of 6-aminopurines and an isopropyl ester. It is functionally related to an adenine. It is a conjugate base of a tenofovir alafenamide(1+).", "Tenofovir alafenamide is an antiviral prescription medicine approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of hepatitis B virus infection (HBV) in adults who meet certain requirements, as determined by a health care provider.", "Tenofovir alafenamide is a novel [tenofovir] prodrug developed in order to improve renal safety when compared to the counterpart [tenofovir disoproxil]. Both of these prodrugs were first created to cover the polar phosphonic acid group on tenofovir by using a novel oxycarbonyloxymethyl linkers to improve the oral bioavailability and intestinal diffusion. Tenofovir alafenamide is an alanine ester form characterized for presenting low systemic levels but high intracellular concentration. It has been reported to produce a large antiviral efficacy at doses ten times lower than tenofovir disoproxil. Tenofovir alafenamide is indicated to treat chronic hepatitis B, treat HIV-1, and prevent HIV-1 infections.  Tenofovir alafenamide was developed by Gilead Sciences Inc and granted FDA approval on 5 November 2015.", "Tenofovir Alafenamide is a lipophilic phosphonamidate prodrug of tenofovir, a synthetic antiviral acyclic nucleotide analog of adenosine 5-monophosphate and a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI), with antiviral activity against hepatitis B virus (HBV) and potentially against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Upon oral administration, tenofovir alafenamide is taken up by hepatocytes through passive diffusion and through the hepatic uptake transporters organic anion transporting polypeptides 1B1 (OATP1B1) and 1B3 (OATP1B3). Inside the hepatocytes, tenofovir alafenamide is hydrolyzed and converted to tenofovir by carboxylesterase 1 (CES1). Intracellular tenofovir is phosphorylated by cellular kinases to its pharmacologically active form, tenofovir diphosphate. Tenofovir diphosphate is incorporated into viral DNA instead of the natural substrate deoxyadenosine 5-triphosphate, and inhibits HBV reverse transcriptase, resulting in DNA chain-termination and inhibition of HBV replication. In addition, tenofovir diphosphate is incorporated into HIV DNA instead of the natural substrate deoxyadenosine 5-triphosphate, thereby inhibiting HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) and resulting in DNA chain termination and impairment of HIV replication."]], ["2,5-Dihydro-2,5-dioxo-1H-pyrrole-1-hexanoic acid (1-(4-((3-amino-2,3,6-trideoxy-alpha-L-lyxo-hexopyranosyl)oxy)-1,2,3,4,6,11-hexahydro-2,5,12-trihydroxy-7-methoxy-6,11-dioxo-2-naphthacenyl)-2-hydroxyethylidene)hydrazide, (2S-cis)-", "CC1C(C(CC(O1)OC2CC(CC3=C2C(=C4C(=C3O)C(=O)C5=C(C4=O)C(=CC=C5)OC)O)(/C(=N/NC(=O)CCCCCN6C(=O)C=CC6=O)/CO)O)N)O", ["Aldoxorubicin is a 6-maleimidocaproyl hydrazone derivative prodrug of the anthracycline antibiotic doxorubicin (DOXO-EMCH) with antineoplastic activity. Following intravenous administration, aldoxorubicin binds selectively to the cysteine-34 position of albumin via its maleimide moiety. Doxorubicin is released from the albumin carrier after cleavage of the acid-sensitive hydrazone linker within the acidic environment of tumors and, once located intracellularly, intercalates DNA, inhibits DNA synthesis, and induces apoptosis. Albumin tends to accumulate in solid tumors as a result of high metabolic turnover, rapid angiogenesis, hypervasculature, and impaired lymphatic drainage. Because of passive accumulation within tumors, this agent may improve the therapeutic effects of doxorubicin while minimizing systemic toxicity."]], ["Bimoclomol", "C1CCN(CC1)CC(CO/N=C(/C2=CN=CC=C2)\\Cl)O", ["Bimoclomol is an investigational drug that induces stress proteins and has cytoprotective effects."]], ["Binodenoson", "C1CCC(CC1)/C=N/NC2=NC(=C3C(=N2)N(C=N3)[C@H]4[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O4)CO)O)O)N", ["Binodenoson is a pharmacologic stress agent specific to the only adenosine receptor necessary for increased cardiac blood flow, the A2A receptor. This specificity allows Binodenoson to deliver - in a single injection - a more effective dose of medication with fewer side effects than current treatments, which typically require a 15-20 minute infusion."]], ["methyl {(3S,5S)-5-[({4'-[N-(methoxycarbonyl)carbamimidoyl]([1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)}oxy)methyl]-2-oxopyrrolidin-3-yl}acetate", "COC(=O)C[C@@H]1C[C@H](NC1=O)COC2=CC=C(C=C2)C3=CC=C(C=C3)/C(=N/C(=O)OC)/N", ["Lefradafiban is a member of the class of pyrrolidin-2-ones that is pyrrolidin-2-one in which the 3-pro-S-hydrogen is substituted by a 2-methoxy-2-oxoethyl group, while the 5-pro-S-hydrogen is substituted by a ({4'-[N-(methoxycarbonyl)carbamimidoyl]biphenyl-4-yl}oxy)methyl group. It is an orally active prodrug of fradafiban, a figrinogen receptor antagonist. It has a role as a prodrug and a platelet glycoprotein-IIb/IIIa receptor antagonist. It is a member of pyrrolidin-2-ones and a methyl ester. It is functionally related to a fradafiban.", "Lefradafiban is an oral platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor antagonist being investigated in the treatment of angina."]], ["Solafur", "C1C(=NC(=O)N1/N=C/C=C/C2=CC=C(O2)[N+](=O)[O-])[O-].[K+]", ["Nitrofuran derivative anti-infective agent used for urinary tract infections."]], ["Asoprisnil", "C[C@]12C[C@@H](C3=C4CCC(=O)C=C4CC[C@H]3[C@@H]1CC[C@]2(COC)OC)C5=CC=C(C=C5)/C=N/O", ["Asoprisnil (J867) is a selective progesterone receptor modulator. It can be used to treat progesterone sensitive myomata."]], ["Convenia", "CO/N=C(\\C1=CSC(=N1)N)/C(=O)N[C@H]2[C@@H]3N(C2=O)C(=C(CS3)[C@@H]4CCCO4)C(=O)O", ["Cefovecin is a semisynthetic, broad-spectrum, third-generation cephalosporin with antibacterial activity. Cefovecin binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall. PBPs are enzymes involved in the terminal stages of assembling the bacterial cell wall and in reshaping the cell wall during growth and division. Inactivation of PBPs interferes with the cross-linkage of peptidoglycan chains necessary for bacterial cell wall strength and rigidity. This results in the weakening of the bacterial cell wall and causes cell lysis."]], ["(7R)-7-[[(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-methoxyiminoacetyl]amino]-8-oxo-3-[(2S)-oxolan-2-yl]-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid", "CO/N=C(/C1=CSC(=N1)N)\\C(=O)N[C@H]2C3N(C2=O)C(=C(CS3)[C@@H]4CCCO4)C(=O)O", ["Cefovecin is a semisynthetic, broad-spectrum, third-generation cephalosporin with antibacterial activity. Cefovecin binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall. PBPs are enzymes involved in the terminal stages of assembling the bacterial cell wall and in reshaping the cell wall during growth and division. Inactivation of PBPs interferes with the cross-linkage of peptidoglycan chains necessary for bacterial cell wall strength and rigidity. This results in the weakening of the bacterial cell wall and causes cell lysis."]], ["Gemifloxacin mesylate", "CO/N=C/1\\CN(CC1CN)C2=C(C=C3C(=O)C(=CN(C3=N2)C4CC4)C(=O)O)F.CS(=O)(=O)O", ["Gemifloxacin mesylate is the mesylate salt of gemifloxacin. It has a role as an antimicrobial agent and a topoisomerase IV inhibitor. It contains a gemifloxacin.", "Gemifloxacin Mesylate is the mesylate salt form of gemifloxacin, a synthetic broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone with antibacterial activity. Gemifloxacin mesylate inhibits activities of DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, thereby inhibiting DNA replication and eventually bacterial growth. This fluoroquinolone exerts an enhanced spectrum of activity against gram-positive bacteria such as Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus, in addition to its activity against gram-negative bacteria.", "A naphthyridine and fluoroquinolone derivative antibacterial agent and DNA TOPOISOMERASE II inhibitor that is used for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia and acute bacterial infections associated with chronic bronchitis."]], ["Fosenopril", "CCC(=O)O[C@H](C(C)C)O[P@](=O)(CCCCC1=CC=CC=C1)CC(=O)N2C[C@@H](C[C@H]2C(=O)O)C3CCCCC3", ["Fosinopril is a phosphinic acid-containing ester prodrug that belongs to the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor class of medications. It is rapidly hydrolyzed to fosinoprilat, its principle active metabolite. Fosinoprilat inhibits ACE, the enzyme responsible for the conversion of angiotensin I (ATI) to angiotensin II (ATII). ATII regulates blood pressure and is a key component of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). Fosinopril may be used to treat mild to moderate hypertension, as an adjunct in the treatment of congestive heart failure, and to slow the rate of progression of renal disease in hypertensive individuals with diabetes mellitus and microalbuminuria or overt nephropathy.", "Fosinopril is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor used in the therapy of hypertension and heart failure. Fosinopril is associated with a low rate of transient serum aminotransferase elevations during therapy and has been linked to rare instances of acute liver injury.", "Fosinopril is a phosphinic acid-containing angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor with antihypertensive activity. As an ester prodrug, fosinopril is hydrolysed by esterases to its active metabolite fosinoprilat. Fosinoprilat specifically and competitively inhibits angiotensin-converting enzyme thereby decreasing the formation of the potent vasoconstrictor angiotensin II, resulting in diminished vasopressor activity. In addition, angiotensin II-mediated aldosterone secretion by adrenal cortex is decreased, which results in a decrease of sodium retention and an increase in water outflow.", "A phosphinic acid-containing angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor that is effective in the treatment of hypertension. It is a prodrug that is converted to its active metabolite fosinoprilat."]], ["Pradefovir Mesylate", "CS(=O)(=O)O.C1CO[P@@](=O)(O[C@@H]1C2=CC(=CC=C2)Cl)COCCN3C=NC4=C(N=CN=C43)N", ["Pradefovir mesilate (previously known as MB-06886, Hepavir B and remofovir mesylate) is an orally administered small molecule compound that belongs to a novel series of phosphate and phosphonate prodrugs of adefovir. [Adefovir] (Hepsera) is an acyclic phosphonate analogue of adenine that is used to treat hepatitis B virus. As adefovir is poorly absorbed and associated with a high level of nephrotoxicity, pradefovir mesilate was designed to specifically target the liver and reduce risks to external tissue, especially the kidneys, while improving results of adefovir.  Pradefovir is activated through oxidation that is mediated by cytochrome P-450 (CYP) 3A4, which is predominantly expressed in the liver. The novel prodrug is highly stable in both plasma and tissues and demonstrated potent preclinical and clinical anti-HBV activity. Pradefovir is undergoing phase II development for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B.", "Pradefovir Mesylate is the mesylate salt form of pradefovir, a cyclodiester antiviral prodrug with specific activity against hepatitis B virus (HBV). Pradefovir is specifically metabolized in the liver by hepatic enzymes, mainly by CYP4503A4, to adefovir. In turn, adefovir is phosphorylated by cellular kinases to its activated form adevofir diphosphate. By competing with the natural substrate dATP, the diphosphate form is incorporated into viral DNA and inhibits RNA-dependent DNA polymerase. This causes DNA chain termination and eventually results in an inhibition of HBV replication."]], ["Brasofensine", "CN1[C@H]2CC[C@@H]1[C@@H]([C@H](C2)C3=CC(=C(C=C3)Cl)Cl)/C=N/OC", ["Brasofensine is an orally administered dopamine reuptake inhibitor being developed for the treatment of Parkinson's Disease. Phase I/II trials for brasofensine have been completed in the U.K. In November 2001, NeuroSearch confirmed that the drug's development was discontinued in favor of NS 2230."]], ["Pergamid (TN)", "C1CO[P@@](=O)(N[C@H]1OO)N(CCCl)CCCl", ["Perfosfamide is the active metabolite of the nitrogen mustard cyclophosphamide with potent antineoplastic and immunosuppressive properties. Perfosfamide alkylates DNA, thereby inhibiting DNA replication and RNA and protein synthesis. (NCI04)"]], ["(6R,7R)-3-(acetoxymethyl)-7-{[(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino}-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate", "CC(=O)OCC1=C(N2[C@@H]([C@@H](C2=O)NC(=O)/C(=N\\OC)/C3=CSC(=N3)N)SC1)C(=O)[O-]", ["Cefotaxime(1-) is a cephalosporin carboxylic acid anion having acetoxymethyl and [2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino side-groups, formed by proton loss from the carboxy group of the cephalosporin cefotaxime. It is a conjugate base of a cefotaxime.", "Cefotaxime is a third generation semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic with bactericidal activity. Cefotaxime inhibits mucopeptide synthesis by binding to and inactivating penicillin binding proteins thereby interfering with the final transpeptidation step required for cross-linking of peptidoglycan units which are a component of bacterial cell walls. This results in a reduction of cell wall stability and causes cell lysis.", "Semisynthetic broad-spectrum cephalosporin."]], ["Ferric oxyhydroxide", "[OH-].[O-2].[Fe+3]", ["An antiferromagnetic material; constitutes the core of natural ferritin.", "Ferric oxyhydroxide is a Phosphate Binder. The mechanism of action of ferric oxyhydroxide is as a Phosphate Chelating Activity."]], ["2(s)-Amino-6-boronohexanoic acid", "B(CCCC[C@@H](C(=O)O)N)(O)O", ["(S)-2-amino-6-boronohexanoic acid is l-Norleucine substituted at C-6 with a borono group. It is an organoboron compound and a non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid. It is functionally related to a L-norleucine. It is a conjugate acid of a (S)-2-amino-6-boronohexanoate."]], ["Lanicemine", "C1=CC=C(C=C1)[C@H](CC2=CC=CC=N2)N", ["Lanicemine has been used in trials studying the treatment and basic science of Depression, Major Depressive Disorder, and Treatment Resistant Major Depressive Disorder."]], ["Spiro[1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octane-3,2'(3'H)-furo[2,3-b]pyridine], (2'R)-", "C1CN2CCC1[C@@]3(C2)CC4=C(O3)N=CC=C4", ["AZD0328 has been used in trials studying the treatment and basic science of Schizophrenia and Alzheimer's Disease."]], ["Atagabalin", "C[C@H]1CC(C[C@@H]1C)(CC(=O)O)CN", ["Atagabalin is an organonitrogen compound and an organooxygen compound. It is functionally related to a gamma-amino acid.", "Atagabalin has been used in trials studying the treatment of Insomnia, Primary Insomnia, and Nonrestorative Sleep."]], ["N,N-Didesmethylvenlafaxine", "COC1=CC=C(C=C1)C(CN)C2(CCCCC2)O", ["N,N-didesmethylvenlafaxine is a monomethoxybenzene that is the N,N-didesmethyl derivative of venlafaxine. It has a role as a marine xenobiotic metabolite and a drug metabolite. It is a monomethoxybenzene, an amino alcohol, a member of cyclohexanols and a primary amino compound."]], ["Nepicastat", "C1CC2=C(C[C@H]1N3C(=CNC3=S)CN)C=C(C=C2F)F", ["Nepicastat is a member of the class of 1,3-dihydroimidazole-2-thiones that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazole-2-thione in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a 5,7-difluoro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-yl group while the carbon adjacent to it is substituted by an aminomethyl group (the S enantiomer). It is a potent and selective inhibitor of both bovine and human dopamine beta-hydroxylase, an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of dopamine to norepinephrine. It has a role as an EC 1.14.17.1 (dopamine beta-monooxygenase) inhibitor. It is a member of tetralins, an organofluorine compound, a primary amino compound and a member of 1,3-dihydroimidazole-2-thiones.", "Nepicastat has been investigated for the treatment of Cocaine Dependence and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder."]], ["(Glycolato-O,O')diammine platinum(II)", "C(C(=O)[O-])[O-].N.N.[Pt+2]", ["Nedaplatin is a second-generation cisplatin analogue with antineoplastic activity. Containing a novel ring structure in which glycolate is bound to the platinum by a bidentate ligand, nedaplatin forms reactive platinum complexes that bind to nucelophillic groups in DNA, resulting in intrastrand and interstrand DNA cross-links, apoptosis and cell death. This agent appears to be less nephrotoxic and neurotoxic compared to both cisplatin and carboplatin."]], ["L-Homocysteine, S-(2-((1-iminoethyl)amino)ethyl)-", "CC(=NCCSCC[C@@H](C(=O)O)N)N", ["GW274150 has been used in trials studying the treatment and prevention of Asthma, Migraine, Migraine Disorders, and Arthritis, Rheumatoid."]], ["[(13S,17R)-17-ethynyl-13-methyl-3-oxo-1,2,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,14,15,16-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl] acetate", "CC(=O)O[C@]1(CCC2[C@@]1(CCC3C2CCC4=CC(=O)CCC34)C)C#C", ["Norethindrone Acetate is the orally bioavailable acetate salt of norethindrone, a synthetic progestin with some anabolic, estrogenic, and androgenic activities. As do all progestins, norethindrone binds to and activates nuclear progesterone receptors (PRs) in target tissues such as the pituitary and reproductive system; ligand-receptor complexes are translocated to the nucleus where they bind to progesterone response elements (PREs) located on target genes, followed by various transcriptional events and histone acetylation. Physiological effects include the inhibition of luteinizing hormone (LH) release, an increase in the endometrial luteal-phase, and alterations in endocervical mucus secretion.", "Acetate ester of norethindrone that is used as a long-term contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS)."]], ["Roluperidone", "C1CN(CCC1CN2CC3=CC=CC=C3C2=O)CC(=O)C4=CC=C(C=C4)F", ["Roluperidone has been used in trials studying the treatment of Schizophrenia."]], ["1-Naphthalenyl[4-(pentyloxy)-1-naphthalenyl]methanone", "CCCCCOC1=CC=C(C2=CC=CC=C21)C(=O)C3=CC=CC4=CC=CC=C43", ["CB-13 is a member of benzophenones."]], ["Rimeporide", "CC1=CC(=C(C=C1C(=O)N=C(N)N)S(=O)(=O)C)S(=O)(=O)C", ["Rimeporide has been used in trials studying the treatment of Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne."]], ["Talarozole", "CCC(CC)C(C1=CC=C(C=C1)NC2=NC3=CC=CC=C3S2)N4C=NC=N4", ["N-{4-[2-ethyl-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butyl]phenyl}-1,3-benzothiazol-2-amine is a member of the class of benzothiazoles that is 2-amino-1,3-benzothiazole in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 4-[2-ethyl-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butyl]phenyl group. It is a member of triazoles, a member of benzothiazoles, an aromatic amine and a secondary amino compound.", "Talarozole has been investigated for the treatment of Psoriasis and Cutaneous Inflammation."]], ["Desvenlafaxine Succinate", "CN(C)CC(C1=CC=C(C=C1)O)C2(CCCCC2)O.C(CC(=O)O)C(=O)O", ["A cyclohexanol and phenol derivative and metabolite of venlafaxine that functions as a SEROTONIN AND NORADRENALINE REUPTAKE INHIBITOR (SNRI) and is used as an ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENT."]], ["Amsilarotene", "C[Si](C)(C)C1=CC(=CC(=C1)C(=O)NC2=CC=C(C=C2)C(=O)O)[Si](C)(C)C", ["Amsilarotene is a retinobenzoic acid with potential antineoplastic activity. Amsilarotene inhibits retinoblastoma-gene product (RB) phosphorylation and increases the presence of 2 cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors, resulting in cell cycle arrest.  This agent also causes a cytotoxic decline in cyclin A and thymidylate synthase expression."]], ["Rimacalib", "C[C@@H](C1=CC(=C(C=C1)C2=CC=CC=C2)F)C3=NOC(=C3)/N=C(\\N)/N4CCOCC4", ["Rimacalib has been used in trials studying the treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)."]], ["Amphetamine aspartate", "CC(CC1=CC=CC=C1)N.CC(CC1=CC=CC=C1)N.C([C@@H](C(=O)O)N)C(=O)O", ["Amphetamine Aspartate is the aspartate salt of amphetamine, a sympathomimetic amine with CNS stimulating properties. Amphetamine acts by facilitating the release of catecholamines, particularly noradrenaline and dopamine, from nerve terminals in the brain and inhibiting their uptake. Physiological effects include an increase in motor activity, euphoria, increased mental alertness, excitatory behavior, and appetite suppression."]], ["Piclozotan", "C1CN(CC=C1C2=CC=CC=N2)CCCCN3C(=COC4=CC=CC=C4C3=O)Cl", ["Piclozotan has been investigated for the treatment of Parkinson's Disease."]], ["(2r,4ar,6r,7r,7as)-6-(6-Amino-8-Bromo-9h-Purin-9-Yl)tetrahydro-4h-Furo[3,2-D][1,3,2]dioxaphosphinine-2,7-Diol 2-Sulfide", "C1[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O2)N3C4=NC=NC(=C4N=C3Br)N)O)OP(=S)(O1)O", ["(Sp)-8-bromo-cAMPS is a nucleoside 3',5'-cyclic phosphorothioate having 8-bromoadenine as the nucleobase (the Sp-stereoisomer). It has a role as a protein kinase agonist. It is a nucleoside 3',5'-cyclic phosphorothioate, a member of purines and an organobromine compound. It is functionally related to a 3',5'-cyclic AMP."]], ["MK-0752", "C1CC(CCC1CCC(=O)O)(C2=C(C=CC(=C2)F)F)S(=O)(=O)C3=CC=C(C=C3)Cl", ["Mk 0752 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT00572182 (MK0752 in Treating Young Patients With Recurrent or Refractory CNS Cancer).", "Notch Signaling Pathway Inhibitor MK0752 is a synthetic small molecule with potential antineoplastic activity. MK0752 inhibits the Notch signaling pathway, which may result in induction of growth arrest and apoptosis in tumor cells in which the Notch signaling pathway is overactivated. The Notch signaling pathway plays an important role in cell-fate determination, cell survival, and cell proliferation."]], ["Rivenprost", "COCC1=CC=CC(=C1)C[C@@H](/C=C/[C@H]2[C@@H](CC(=O)[C@@H]2CCSCCCC(=O)OC)O)O", ["Rivenprost is a benzyl ether.", "Rivenprost is under investigation in clinical trial NCT00296556 (Therapeutic Study of ONO-4819CD for Ulcerative Colitis)."]], ["Endurobol", "CC1=C(C=CC(=C1)SCC2=C(N=C(S2)C3=CC=C(C=C3)C(F)(F)F)C)OCC(=O)O", ["GW 501516 is an aromatic ether that is phenoxyacetic acid in which the phenyl group is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and at position 4 by a (1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethyl)sulfanediyl group, and in which the 1,3-thiazolyl group is substituted at positions 2 and 4 by p-trifluoromethylphenyl and methyl groups, respectively. It has a role as a PPARbeta/delta agonist and a carcinogenic agent. It is a monocarboxylic acid, a member of 1,3-thiazoles, an organofluorine compound, an aryl sulfide and an aromatic ether.", "Cardarine (GW-501516) is a peroxisome proliferator-activator receptor-delta agonist for the potential treatment of dyslipidemia. Cardarine has been investigated for the treatment of Obesity, Lipid Disorders, and Cardiovascular Disease."]], ["Apadenoson", "CCNC(=O)[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O1)N2C=NC3=C(N=C(N=C32)C#CCC4CCC(CC4)C(=O)OC)N)O)O", ["Apadenoson is a selective A2a adenosine receptor agonist designed for use as a pharmacologic stress agent in cardiac perfusion imaging studies. It is developed by Bristol-Myers Squibb and is in phase II of clinical trials.", "ATL146e is an anti-inflammatory compounds which is an agonist of A2A adenosine receptors."]], ["Sodelglitazar", "CC1=C(C=CC(=C1)SCC2=C(N=C(S2)C3=C(C=C(C=C3)C(F)(F)F)F)C)OC(C)(C)C(=O)O", ["Sodelglitazar is under investigation in clinical trial NCT00196989 (Study in People With Type 2 Diabetes).", "Sodelglitazar is a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) pan agonist, with hypoglycemic activity. Sodelglitazar exerts higher binding affinity for the delta subtype as compared to gamma and alpha subtypes."]], ["Arasertaconazole mononitrate", "C1=CC2=C(C(=C1)Cl)SC=C2CO[C@@H](CN3C=CN=C3)C4=C(C=C(C=C4)Cl)Cl.[N+](=O)(O)[O-]", ["Arasertaconazole nitrate is an organic nitrate salt obtained by reaction of equimolar amounts of arasertaconazole and nitric acid. The active R-enantiomer of sertaconazole nitrate that is used for treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis. The racemate itself is also used as a broad-spectrum antifungal drug. It is an organic nitrate salt, a conazole antifungal drug and an imidazole antifungal drug. It contains an arasertaconazole(1+). It is an enantiomer of a (S)-sertaconazole nitrate."]], ["Ruthenate(1-), tetrachlorobis(1H-indazole-kappaN2)-, sodium (1:1), (oc-6-11)-", "C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C=NN2.C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C=NN2.[Na+].Cl[Ru](Cl)(Cl)Cl", ["KP1339 is a ruthenium coordination entity that is the sodium salt of tetrachloro[bis(1H-indazole)]ruthenate(III). It is a anticancer drug in clinical development for the treatment of solid tumours. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent and an apoptosis inducer."]], ["Tris(8-quinolyloxy) gallium", "C1=CC2=C(C(=C1)[O-])N=CC=C2.C1=CC2=C(C(=C1)[O-])N=CC=C2.C1=CC2=C(C(=C1)[O-])N=CC=C2.[Ga+3]", ["Gallium-based Bone Resorption Inhibitor AP-002 is an orally bioavailable gallium (Ga)-based small molecule agent with potential anti-bone resorption and antineoplastic activities. Upon oral administration, AP-002 selectively inhibits osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption, and may promote the growth of osteoblasts thereby improving the skeletal sequelae of bony metastases which include pain, spinal cord compression, fractures and hypercalcemia of malignancy. Additionally, AP-002 may, through an as of yet undescribed mechanism of action, directly target and kill bone tumor cells."]], ["Telapristone acetate", "CC(=O)O[C@@]1(CC[C@@H]2[C@@]1(C[C@@H](C3=C4CCC(=O)C=C4CC[C@@H]23)C5=CC=C(C=C5)N(C)C)C)C(=O)COC", ["Telapristone acetate is a steroid ester.", "Telapristone acetate, an orally-available, selective progesterone receptor modulator, is in development to alleviate symptoms associated with both uterine fibroids and endometriosis.", "Telapristone Acetate is the acetate form of the 21-substituted-19-nor-progestin telapristone, an orally available selective progesterone receptor modulator (SPRM), with potential anti-progesterone and antineoplastic activities. Upon oral administration, CDB-4124 competitively binds to the progesterone receptor (PR) in progesterone-responsive tissue and inhibits PR-mediated gene expression. This interferes with progesterone activity in the reproductive system. As a result, this agent may suppress ovulation and inhibit proliferation of endometrial tissue. Also, this agent may prevent cell growth and induce apoptosis in estrogen receptor (ER) and PR-positive breast cancer cells through a reduction in progesterone levels, ER downregulation and a suppression of the expression of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK) 2 and 4, ultimately leading to G1/S cell cycle arrest. Unlike some other SPRMs, this agent does not exert any estrogenic, androgenic, anti-estrogenic, and anti-androgenic activities."]], ["Fosravuconazole", "C[C@@H](C1=NC(=CS1)C2=CC=C(C=C2)C#N)[C@](CN3C=NC=N3)(C4=C(C=C(C=C4)F)F)OCOP(=O)(O)O", ["BMS 379224 is an amine.", "Fosravuconazole is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03378661 (BENDITA BEnznidazole New Doses Improved Treatment and Associations)."]], ["Cinaciguat", "C1=CC=C(C=C1)CCC2=CC=C(C=C2)COC3=CC=CC=C3CCN(CCCCC(=O)O)CC4=CC=C(C=C4)C(=O)O", ["Cinaciguat is a benzoic acid that is 4-(aminomethyl)benzoic acid in which the amino group is substituted by 4-carboxybutyl and 2-(2-{[4-(2-phenylethyl)benzyl]oxy}phenyl)ethyl groups. It is a soluble guanylate cyclase activator, used for the treatment of acute decompensated heart failure. It has a role as a vasodilator agent, a soluble guanylate cyclase activator and an antihypertensive agent. It is a member of benzoic acids, a tertiary amino compound, an aromatic ether and a dicarboxylic acid.", "Cinaciguat is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01067859 (A Phase Iib Study to Investigate the Efficacy and Tolerability of Lower Doses Cinaciguat (25 \u039cG/h, 10 \u039cG/h) Given Intravenously to Patients With Acute Decompensated Chronic Congestive Heart Failure (ADHF))."]], ["Telatinib", "CNC(=O)C1=NC=CC(=C1)COC2=NN=C(C3=C2OC=C3)NC4=CC=C(C=C4)Cl", ["Telatinib is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03817411 (Telatinib in Combination With Capecitabine/ Oxaliplatin in 1st Line Gastric or GEJ Cancer)."]], ["Amoxicillin-potassium clavulanate combination", "CC1([C@@H](N2[C@H](S1)[C@@H](C2=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](C3=CC=C(C=C3)O)N)C(=O)O)C.C1[C@@H]2N(C1=O)[C@H](/C(=C/CO)/O2)C(=O)O.[K]", ["A fixed-ratio combination of amoxicillin trihydrate and potassium clavulanate."]], ["Edotecarin", "C1=CC2=C(C=C1O)NC3=C4C(=C5C(=C23)C(=O)N(C5=O)NC(CO)CO)C6=C(N4[C@H]7[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O7)CO)O)O)O)C=C(C=C6)O", ["Edotecarin is a novel, non-camptothecin, DNA topoisomerase I inhibitor. It is member of the class of compounds called indolocarbazoles.", "Edotecarin is a synthetic indolocarbazole with antineoplastic activity. Edotecarin inhibits the enzyme topoisomerase I through stabilization of the DNA-enzyme complex and enhanced single-strand DNA cleavage, resulting in inhibition of DNA replication and decreased tumor cell proliferation. (NCI04)"]], ["Tomopenem", "C[C@@H]1[C@@H]2[C@H](C(=O)N2C(=C1S[C@H]3C[C@H](N(C3)C)C(=O)N4CC[C@@H](C4)NC(=O)CN=C(N)N)C(=O)O)[C@@H](C)O", ["Tomopenem is a 1-beta-methylcarbapenem antibiotic with broad-spectrum activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Tomopenem has a longer half-life than imipenem-cilastatin or meropenem and shows activity against methicillin-resistant S. aureus."]], ["Samarium SM-153 lexidronam pentasodium", "C(CN(CP(=O)([O-])[O-])CP(=O)([O-])[O-])N(CP(=O)([O-])[O-])CP(=O)([O-])[O-].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[153Sm+3]", ["Samarium sm-153 lexidronam pentasodium is a Radioactive Therapeutic Agent. The mechanism of action of samarium sm-153 lexidronam pentasodium is as a Radiopharmaceutical Activity.", "Samarium Sm-153 Lexidronam Pentasodium is the pentasodium salt of samarium Sm 153 lexidronam, a therapeutic agent consisting of a medium energy beta- and gamma-emitting radioisotope, samarium Sm 153, and a teraphosphonate chelator, ethylenediaminetetramethylene phosphonic acid (EDTMP). The chelator moiety of samarium Sm 153 lexidronam associates with hydroxyapatite crystals concentrated in areas of bone turnover, thereby selectively delivering samarium Sm 153-mediated cytotoxic radiation to osteoblastic bone metastases."]], ["2,2'-(((Ethane-1,2-diylbis(oxy))bis(2,1-phenylene))bis((2-(2-(octyloxy)ethoxy)-2-oxoethyl)azanediyl))diacetic acid", "CCCCCCCCOCCOC(=O)CN(CC(=O)O)C1=CC=CC=C1OCCOC2=CC=CC=C2N(CC(=O)O)CC(=O)OCCOCCCCCCCC", ["DP-b99 is a newly developed lipophilic, cell permeable derivative of BAPTA (1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid), that is under development as a neuroprotectant for the potential treatment of stroke, head trauma and neurological damage associated with coronary artery bypass graft."]], ["3-((4-Bromo-2,6-difluorobenzyl)oxy)-5-(3-(4-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)butyl)ureido)isothiazole-4-carboxamide", "C1CCN(C1)CCCCNC(=O)NC2=C(C(=NS2)OCC3=C(C=C(C=C3F)Br)F)C(=O)N", ["CP-547632 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Ovarian Cancer, Lung Neoplasms, Ovarian Neoplasms, Peritoneal Neoplasms, and Fallopian Tube Cancer, among others."]], ["Timcodar", "CN([C@@H](CC1=CC=C(C=C1)Cl)C(=O)N(CC2=CC=CC=C2)C(CCC3=CC=NC=C3)CCC4=CC=NC=C4)C(=O)C(=O)C5=CC(=C(C(=C5)OC)OC)OC", ["Timcodar has been used in trials studying the treatment of Unspecified Adult Solid Tumor, Protocol Specific."]], ["Acarbosa", "C[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](O1)O[C@@H]2[C@H](O[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]2O)O)O[C@H]([C@@H](CO)O)[C@@H]([C@H](C=O)O)O)CO)O)O)N[C@H]3C=C([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]3O)O)O)CO", ["Acarbose is a complex oligosaccharide that acts as an inhibitor of several enzymes responsible for the breakdown of complex carbohydrates in the intestines. It inhibits both pancreatic alpha-amylase and membrane-bound alpha-glucosidases - including intestinal glucoamylase, sucrase, maltase, and isomaltase - which are responsible for the metabolism of complex starches and oligo-, tri-, and disaccharides into absorbable simple sugars. By inhibiting the activity of these enzymes, acarbose limits the absorption of dietary carbohydrates and the subsequent postprandial increase in blood glucose and insulin levels. Acarbose is therefore used in conjunction with diet, exercise, and other pharmacotherapies for the management of blood sugar levels in patients with type 2 diabetes.  Acarbose is one of only two approved alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (the other being [miglitol]), receiving its first FDA approval in 1995 under the brand name Precose (since discontinued). This class of antidiabetic therapy is not widely used due to their relatively modest impact on A1c, their requirement for thrice-daily dosing, and the potential for significant gastrointestinal adverse effects.", "Acarbose is an alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitor. The mechanism of action of acarbose is as an alpha Glucosidase Inhibitor.", "An inhibitor of ALPHA-GLUCOSIDASES that retards the digestion and absorption of DIETARY CARBOHYDRATES in the SMALL INTESTINE."]], ["Sacubitril", "CCOC(=O)[C@H](C)C[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(C=C1)C2=CC=CC=C2)NC(=O)CCC(=O)O", ["Sacubitril is a member of biphenyls.", "Sacubitril is a prodrug neprilysin inhibitor used in combination with valsartan to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with chronic heart failure (NYHA Class II-IV) and reduced ejection fraction. It was approved by the FDA after being given the status of priority review for on July 7, 2015.  Sacubitril's active metabolite, LBQ657 inhibits neprilysin, a neutral endopeptidase that would typically cleave natiuretic peptides such as atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), and c-type natriuretic peptide (CNP). ANP and BNP are released under atrial and ventricle stress, which activate downstream receptors leading to vasodilation, natriuresis and diuresis. Under normal conditions, neprilysin breaks down other vasodilating peptides and also vasoconstrictors such as angiotensin I and II, endothelin-1 and peptide amyloid beta-protein. Inhibition of neprilysin therefore leads to reduced breakdown and increased concentration of endogenous natriuretic peptides in addition to increased levels of vasoconstricting hormones such as angiotensin II.", "Sacubitril is a neprilysn (NEP) inhibitor prodrug with natriuretic activity. Upon administration, sacubitril is metabolized by esterases to its active metabolite, sacubitrilat, which inhibits NEP, a neutral endopeptidase that cleaves natriuretic peptides such as atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), and c-type natriuretic peptide (CNP), as well as certain vasoconstricting peptides including as angiotensin I and II, and endothelin-1. Additionally, sacubitrilat may inhibit NEP-mediated catabolism of certain peptide-based agents, thereby improving their in vivo stability and increasing tumor cell exposure."]], ["Managlinat dialanetil", "CCOC(=O)[C@H](C)NP(=O)(C1=CC=C(O1)C2=C(SC(=N2)N)CC(C)C)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)OCC", ["CS-917 is a novel inhibitor of fructose 1,6-bisphphosphatase (FBPase) which is one of the rate-limiting enzymes of gluconeogenesis."]], ["Unii-IC9O2HT1X1", "COC1=C(C=C(C=C1)NS(=O)(=O)C2=C(C(=C(C(=C2F)F)F)F)F)NC(=O)N", ["T900607 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Liver Cancer and Gastric Cancer.", "T900607 is a pentafluorophenylsulfonamide compound with potential antineoplastic activity. T900607 inhibits tubulin polymerization by binding irreversibly to colchicine binding sites, resulting in cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. (NCI04)"]], ["Bleomycin A2 sulfate", "CC1=C(N=C(N=C1N)[C@H](CC(=O)N)NC[C@@H](C(=O)N)N)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@H](C2=CN=CN2)O[C@H]3[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](O3)CO)O)O)O[C@@H]4[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O4)CO)O)OC(=O)N)O)C(=O)N[C@H](C)[C@H]([C@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)NCCC5=NC(=CS5)C6=NC(=CS6)C(=O)NCCC[S+](C)C)O.OS(=O)(=O)[O-]", ["Bleomycin Sulfate is a mixture of the sulfate salts of basic glycopeptide antineoplastic antibiotics isolated from Streptomyces verticillus. Bleomycin sulfate forms complexes with iron that reduce molecular oxygen to superoxide and hydroxyl radicals which cause single- and double-stranded breaks in DNA; these reactive oxygen species also induce lipid peroxidation, carbohydrate oxidation, and alterations in prostaglandin synthesis and degradation.", "A complex of related glycopeptide antibiotics from Streptomyces verticillus consisting of bleomycin A2 and B2. It inhibits DNA metabolism and is used as an antineoplastic, especially for solid tumors."]], ["Ivermectine 100 microg/mL in Acetonitrile", "CC[C@H](C)[C@@H]1[C@H](CC[C@@]2(O1)C[C@@H]3C[C@H](O2)C/C=C(/[C@H]([C@H](/C=C/C=C/4\\CO[C@H]5[C@@]4([C@@H](C=C([C@H]5O)C)C(=O)O3)O)C)O[C@H]6C[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O6)C)O[C@H]7C[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O7)C)O)OC)OC)\\C)C.C[C@H]1CC[C@]2(C[C@@H]3C[C@H](O2)C/C=C(/[C@H]([C@H](/C=C/C=C/4\\CO[C@H]5[C@@]4([C@@H](C=C([C@H]5O)C)C(=O)O3)O)C)O[C@H]6C[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O6)C)O[C@H]7C[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O7)C)O)OC)OC)\\C)O[C@@H]1C(C)C", ["A mixture of mostly avermectin H2B1a (RN 71827-03-7) with some avermectin H2B1b (RN 70209-81-3), which are macrolides from STREPTOMYCES avermitilis. It binds glutamate-gated chloride channel to cause increased permeability and hyperpolarization of nerve and muscle cells. It also interacts with other CHLORIDE CHANNELS. It is a broad spectrum antiparasitic that is active against microfilariae of ONCHOCERCA VOLVULUS but not the adult form."]], ["Telavancin Hydrochloride", "CCCCCCCCCCNCCN[C@]1(C[C@@H](O[C@H]([C@H]1O)C)O[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O[C@H]2OC3=C4C=C5C=C3OC6=C(C=C(C=C6)[C@H]([C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@H]5C(=O)N[C@@H]7C8=CC(=C(C=C8)O)C9=C(C(=C(C=C9[C@H](NC(=O)[C@H]([C@@H](C1=CC(=C(O4)C=C1)Cl)O)NC7=O)C(=O)O)O)CNCP(=O)(O)O)O)CC(=O)N)NC(=O)[C@@H](CC(C)C)NC)O)Cl)CO)O)O)C.Cl", ["Telavancin hydrochloride is a hydrochloride obtained by combining telavancin and hydrochloric acid. The composition of the compound is telavancin.nHCl where n = 1-3. Used for treatment of adults with complicated skin and skin structure infections caused by bacteria. It has a role as an antibacterial drug and an antimicrobial agent. It contains a telavancin.", "Telavancin Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of telavancin, a lipoglycopeptide and a semisynthetic derivative of vancomycin with antibacterial activity against gram-positive bacteria. Like vancomycin, telavancin binds tightly to the D-alanyl-D-alanine residue of cell wall precursors, thereby interfering with bacterial cell wall synthesis. In addition, the lipophilic moiety of telavancin may interact with the lipid bilayer in the bacterial cell membrane, thereby compromising the integrity of cell membrane and causing cell membrane depolarization. This novel mechanism of action may contribute to telavancin's rapid bactericidal activity and its improved activity over vancomycin against some antibiotic resistance gram-positive bacteria."]], ["Aspartyl-alanyl-diketopiperazine", "C[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N1)CC(=O)O", ["Aspartyl-alanyl-diketopiperazine is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03349645 (An Open Label Extension Study to Assess the Safety of Long-Term Treatment With Ampion for Severe OA of the Knee)."]], ["Pharmakon1600-01504269", "[Li+].C(C(=O)O)C(CC(=O)O)(C(=O)O)O", ["Lithium Citrate is the citrate salt of lithium, a monovalent cation with antimanic activity. Although the exact mechanism is unclear, lithium might exert its mood-stabilizing effect via reduction of catecholamine concentration mediated through transneuronal membrane transport of sodium ion by sodium-potassium-stimulated adenosine triphosphatase (Na-K-ATPase). Alternatively, lithium may decrease cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) concentrations, which would desensitize hormonal-sensitive adenylyl cyclase receptors. Furthermore, lithium, in recommended dosage, blocks the activity of inositol-1-phosphatase, thereby resulting in the subsequent decrease of postsynaptic second messengers, diacylglycerol and inositol triphosphate, that contribute to chronic cell stimulation by altering electrical activity in the neuron."]], ["2-Octyl cyanoacrylate", "CCCCCCC(C)OC(=O)C(=C)C#N", ["Dermabond has been investigated for the basic science of Wound Healing."]], ["(R)-Licarbazepine", "C1[C@H](C2=CC=CC=C2N(C3=CC=CC=C31)C(=O)N)O", ["(R)-MHD is a dibenzooxazepine."]], ["3-[(4S)-5-Oxo-2-(trifluoromethyl)-1,4,5,6,7,8-hexahydroquinolin-4-YL]benzonitrile", "C1CC2=C([C@@H](C=C(N2)C(F)(F)F)C3=CC=CC(=C3)C#N)C(=O)C1", ["AZD0947 is a K+ channel opener, which was under investigation by AstraZeneca for the treatment of overactive bladder. As of March 2003, the drug was in phase II trials; however, as of October 2004, it no longer appeared on the company\u2019s development pipeline."]], ["Apricoxib", "CCOC1=CC=C(C=C1)C2=CC(=CN2C3=CC=C(C=C3)S(=O)(=O)N)C", ["Apricoxib has been used in trials studying the treatment and prevention of Lung Cancer, Breast Cancer, Pancreatic Cancer, Non Small Cell Lung Cancer, and Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer, among others.", "Apricoxib is an orally bioavailable nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) with potential antiangiogenic and antineoplastic activities. Apricoxib binds to and inhibits the enzyme cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), thereby inhibiting the conversion of arachidonic acid into prostaglandins. Apricoxib-mediated inhibition of COX-2 may induce tumor cell apoptosis and inhibit tumor cell proliferation and tumor angiogenesis. COX-related metabolic pathways may represent crucial regulators of cellular proliferation and angiogenesis."]], ["Ritobegron", "CC1=CC(=C(C=C1OCC(=O)O)C)CCN[C@@H](C)[C@@H](C2=CC=C(C=C2)O)O", ["Ritobegron is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02256735 (Study to Investigate the Effect of KUC 7483 CL on the QT/QTc Interval of the ECG in Comparison to Placebo and Moxifloxacin in Healthy Male and Female Volunteers)."]], ["(2S,3S)-N-(2-methoxy-5-(trifluoromethoxy)benzyl)-2-phenylpiperidin-3-amine", "COC1=C(C=C(C=C1)OC(F)(F)F)CN[C@H]2CCCN[C@H]2C3=CC=CC=C3", ["CP-122721, neurokinin 1 (NK1) antagonist is developed by Pfizer to treat depression, emesis, and inflammatory diseases including asthma and irritable bowel syndrome.", "CP-122721, neurokinin 1 (NK1) antagonist is developed by Pfizer to treat depression, emesis, and inflammatory diseases including asthma and irritable bowel syndrome."]], ["CID 9821433", "C[C@@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]([C@@H](O[C@H]3[C@@]24[C@H]1CC[C@@](O3)(OO4)C)OC(=O)CCC(=O)O)C", ["Artesunate is a water-soluble, semi-synthetic derivative of the sesquiterpine lactone artemisinin with anti-malarial, anti-schistosomiasis, antiviral, and potential anti-neoplastic activities. Upon hydrolysis of artesunate's active endoperoxide bridge moiety by liberated heme in parasite-infected red blood cells, reactive oxygen species and carbon-centered radicals form, which have been shown to damage and kill parasitic organisms. Additionally, in vitro studies demonstrate that this agent induces DNA breakage in a dose-dependent manner. Artesunate has also been shown to stimulate cell differentiation, arrest the cell cycle in the G1 and G2/M phases, inhibit cell proliferation, and induce apoptosis through mitochondrial and caspase signaling pathways. Artemisinin is isolated from the plant Artemisia annua.", "artesunate is a mineral.", "A water-soluble, semi-synthetic derivative of the sesquiterpene lactone artemisinin with anti-malarial, anti-schistosomiasis, antiviral, and potential anti-neoplastic activities"]], ["2-Butene-1,4-diamine, N,N'-bis(3-(ethylamino)propyl)-, tetrahydrochloride, (Z)-", "CCNCCCNC/C=C\\CNCCCNCC.Cl.Cl.Cl.Cl", ["CGC-11047 is a polyamine analog designed to halt cell growth and induce apoptosis.", "Polyamine Analogue PG11047 is a second generation polyamine analogue, synthesized through the restriction of molecular conformations of parent polyamine compounds, with potential antineoplastic activity. Polyamine analogue PG11047 may displace endogenous polyamines from DNA binding sites, thereby interfering with cell cycle processes dependent upon polyamine binding and function, and resulting in cell-cycle arrest, induction of apoptosis, depletion of polyamines, and interference with gene and ligand-receptor activities involved with cell growth. This agent may exhibit decreased toxicity and enhanced cytotoxicity profiles compared to first-generation polyamine compounds. In tumor cells, there is an increase dependence on polyamines as well as a dysregulated polyamine metabolic pathway resulting in abnormal or sustained tumor growth."]], ["Levamlodipine", "CCOC(=O)C1=C(NC(=C([C@@H]1C2=CC=CC=C2Cl)C(=O)OC)C)COCCN", ["(S)-amlodipine is the (4S)-enantiomer of amlodipine. It is an enantiomer of a (R)-amlodipine.", "Levamlodipine, also known as S-amlodipine, is a pharmacologically active enantiomer of [amlodipine], an antihypertensive medication. Levamlodipine belongs to the dihydropyridine group of calcium channel blockers. This medication was first marketed in Russia and India before being granted FDA approval. The names S-amlodipine and levamlodipine may be used interchangeably as both substances are the same, however. As a racemic mixture, amlodipine contains (R) and (S)-amlodipine isomers, but only (S)-amlodipine as the active moiety possesses therapeutic activity.  Levamlodipine was granted FDA approval on 19 December 2019."]], ["Ganstigmine", "CCC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=O)OC2=CC3=C(C=C2)N([C@@H]4[C@]3(CCN(O4)C)C)C", ["Ganstigmine is an orally active, geneserine derived, carbamate-based acetylcholinesterase inhibitor developed for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease."]], ["Lenvatinib", "COC1=CC2=NC=CC(=C2C=C1C(=O)N)OC3=CC(=C(C=C3)NC(=O)NC4CC4)Cl", ["Lenvatinib is a member of the class of quinolines that is the carboxamide of 4-{3-chloro-4-[(cyclopropylcarbamoyl)amino]phenoxy}-7-methoxyquinoline-6-carboxylic acid. A multi-kinase inhibitor and orphan drug used (as its mesylate salt) for the treatment of various types of thyroid cancer that do not respond to radioiodine. It has a role as a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist, an orphan drug, an antineoplastic agent, an EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor and a fibroblast growth factor receptor antagonist. It is a member of quinolines, an aromatic ether, a monocarboxylic acid amide, an aromatic amide, a member of monochlorobenzenes, a member of cyclopropanes and a member of phenylureas. It is a conjugate base of a lenvatinib(1+).", "Lenvatinib is a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibitor that inhibits the kinase activities of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptors VEGFR1 (FLT1), VEGFR2 (KDR), and VEGFR3 (FLT4). Lenvatinib also inhibits other RTKs that have been implicated in pathogenic angiogenesis, tumor growth, and cancer progression in addition to their normal cellular functions, including fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptors FGFR1, 2, 3, and 4; the platelet derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFR\u03b1), KIT, and RET. These receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) located in the cell membrane play a central role in the activation of signal transduction pathways involved in the normal regulation of cellular processes, such as cell proliferation, migration, apoptosis and differentiation, and in pathogenic angiogenesis, lymphogenesis, tumour growth and cancer progression. In particular, VEGF has been identified as a crucial regulator of both physiologic and pathologic angiogenesis and increased expression of VEGF is associated with a poor prognosis in many types of cancers.  Lenvatinib is indicated for the treatment of patients with locally recurrent or metastatic, progressive, radioactive iodine (RAI)-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer. Most patients with thyroid cancer have a very good prognosis with treatment (98% 5 year survival rate) involving surgery and hormone therapy. However, for patients with RAI-refractory thyroid cancer, treatment options are limited and the prognosis is poor, leading to a push for the development of more targeted therapies such as lenvatinib.", "Lenvatinib is a Kinase Inhibitor. The mechanism of action of lenvatinib is as a Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor.", "Lenvatinib is orally available multi-kinase inhibitor and antineoplastic agent that is used in treatment of advanced, metastatic medullary thyroid cancer and refractory renal cell carcinoma. Lenvatinib is associated with a modest rate of serum enzyme elevations during treatment and has been implicated to rare instances of clinically apparent, acute liver injury some of which have been fatal.", "Lenvatinib is a synthetic, orally available inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2, also known as KDR/FLK-1) tyrosine kinase with potential antineoplastic activity. Lenvatinib blocks VEGFR2 activation by VEGF, resulting in inhibition of the VEGF receptor signal transduction pathway, decreased vascular endothelial cell migration and proliferation, and vascular endothelial cell apoptosis."]], ["Benzoic acid, 2-((3S,4R)-3,4-dihydro-4-hydroxy-3-(phenylmethyl)-2H-1-benzopyran-7-yl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-", "C1[C@@H]([C@H](C2=C(O1)C=C(C=C2)C3=C(C=CC(=C3)C(F)(F)F)C(=O)O)O)CC4=CC=CC=C4", ["CP-195,543 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Arthritis, Rheumatoid."]], ["Ilepatril", "CC(C)[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@H]1CC2=CC=CC=C2[C@H]3CCC[C@H](N3C1=O)C(=O)O)SC(=O)C", ["Ilepatril is a dual angiotensin-converting enzyme and neutral endopeptidase inhibitor, for the treatment of hypertension and diabetic nephropathy."]], ["Ispronicline", "C[C@@H](C/C=C/C1=CC(=CN=C1)OC(C)C)NC", ["Ispronicline is under investigation in clinical trial NCT00109564 (A Safety and Efficacy Study of Ispronicline (TC-1734-112) in Subjects With Age Associated Memory Impairment (AAMI))."]], ["Edaglitazone", "CC1=C(N=C(O1)C2=CC=CC=C2)CCOC3=C4C=CSC4=C(C=C3)CC5C(=O)NC(=O)S5", ["Edaglitazone is an agent belonging to the glitazone class of antidiabetic agents with antihyperglycemic activity. Edaglitazone also appears to lower triglyceride and free fatty acid levels."]], ["Lobeglitazone", "CN(CCOC1=CC=C(C=C1)CC2C(=O)NC(=O)S2)C3=CC(=NC=N3)OC4=CC=C(C=C4)OC", ["Lobeglitazone is an aromatic ether.", "Lobeglitazone is an antidiabetic medication from the thiazolidinedione class of drugs. It primarily functions as an insulin sensitizer by binding and activating Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPAR) gamma within fat cells. By activating PPAR-gamma and promoting the binding of insulin at fat cells, lobeglitazone thereby has been shown to reduce blood sugar levels, lower hemoglobain A1C (HbA1C) levels, and improve lipid and liver profiles. Unlike [DB01132], which is a dual PPAR agonist at PPAR-alpha and PPAR-gamma, Lobeglitazone is a pure PPAR-alpha agonist.   Lobeglitazone was approved by the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (South Korea) in 2013, and is being monitored by postmarketing surveillance until 2019. Lobeglitazone is not approved for use by either the Food and Drug Administration (USA), Health Canada, or by the European Medicines Agency for use in the management of diabetes.", "Lobeglitazone is an agent belonging to the glitazone class of antidiabetic agents with antihyperglycemic activity. Besides its activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma, lobeglitazone is also a potent agonist for PPARalpha."]], ["Carvedilol phosphate anhydrous", "COC1=CC=CC=C1OCCNCC(COC2=CC=CC3=C2C4=CC=CC=C4N3)O.OP(=O)(O)O", ["Carvedilol Phosphate is the phosphate salt form of carvedilol, a racemic mixture and adrenergic blocking agent with antihypertensive activity and devoid of intrinsic sympathomimetic activity. The S enantiomer of carvedilol nonselectively binds to and blocks beta-adrenergic receptors, thereby exerting negative inotropic and chronotropic effects, and leading to a reduction in cardiac output. In addition, both enantiomers of carvedilol bind to and block alpha 1-adrenergic receptors, thereby causing vasodilation and reducing peripheral vascular resistance."]], ["Indacaterol maleate", "CCC1=C(C=C2CC(CC2=C1)NC[C@@H](C3=C4C=CC(=O)NC4=C(C=C3)O)O)CC.C(=C\\C(=O)O)\\C(=O)O", ["Indacaterol maleate is a maleate salt obtained by reaction of indacaterol with one equivalent of maleic acid. Used for treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. It has a role as a beta-adrenergic agonist and a bronchodilator agent. It contains an indacaterol(1+)."]], ["Gemcitabine elaidate", "CCCCCCCC/C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H]1[C@H](C([C@@H](O1)N2C=CC(=NC2=O)N)(F)F)O", ["Gemcitabine elaidate is a pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside.", "Gemcitabine elaidate has been used in trials studying the treatment of Solid Tumor, Lung Cancer, Non-small-cell Lung Cancer, and Metastatic Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma.", "Gemcitabine Elaidate is a lipophilic, unsaturated fatty acid ester derivative of gemcitabine (dFdC), an antimetabolite deoxynucleoside analogue, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon hydrolysis intracellularly by esterases, the prodrug gemcitabine is converted into the active metabolites difluorodeoxycytidine di- and tri-phosphate (dFdCDP and dFdCTP) by deoxycytidine kinase. dFdCDP inhibits ribonucleotide reductase, thereby decreasing the deoxynucleotide pool available for DNA synthesis; dFdCTP is incorporated into DNA, resulting in DNA strand termination and apoptosis. Due to its lipophilicity, gemcitabine 5'-elaidic acid ester exhibits an increased cellular uptake and accumulation, resulting in an increased conversion to active metabolites, compared to gemcitabine. In addition, this formulation of gemcitabine may be less susceptible to deamination and deactivation by deoxycytidine deaminase."]], ["Acetic acid, 2-(4-((5-methoxy-2-(((4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-2-pyridinyl)methyl)sulfinyl)-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)sulfonyl)phenoxy)-", "CC1=CN=C(C(=C1OC)C)CS(=O)C2=NC3=C(N2S(=O)(=O)C4=CC=C(C=C4)OCC(=O)O)C=CC(=C3)OC", ["Agn 201904 has been used in trials studying the prevention of Peptic Ulcer."]], ["13-Deoxydoxorubicin", "C[C@H]1[C@H]([C@H](C[C@@H](O1)O[C@H]2C[C@@](CC3=C2C(=C4C(=C3O)C(=O)C5=C(C4=O)C(=CC=C5)OC)O)(CCO)O)N)O", ["GPX-100 is an anthracycline anticancer drug that belongs to the family of drugs called antitumor antibiotics.", "13-Deoxydoxorubicin is an analogue of the anthracycline antineoplastic antibiotic doxorubicin.  13-Deoxydoxorubicin intercalates DNA and interacts with topoisomerase II, thereby inhibiting DNA replication and repair and RNA and protein synthesis.  This agent was designed to be a non-cardiotoxic anthracycline antibiotic."]], ["Upamostat", "CCOC(=O)N1CCN(CC1)C(=O)[C@H](CC2=CC(=CC=C2)/C(=N/O)/N)NS(=O)(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3C(C)C)C(C)C)C(C)C", ["Upamostat is an orally bioavailable, 3-amidinophenylalanine-derived, second generation serine protease inhibitor prodrug targeting the human urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) system with potential antineoplastic and antimetastatic activities. After oral administration, upamostat is converted to the active N alpha-(2,4,6-triisopropylphenylsulfonyl)-3-amidino-(L)-phenylalanine-4-ethoxycarbonylpiperazide (WX-UK1), which inhibits several serine proteases, particularly uPA; inhibition of uPA may result in the inhibition of tumor growth and metastasis. uPA is a serine protease involved in degradation of the extracellular matrix and tumor cell migration and proliferation."]], ["Maralixibat", "CCCCC1(CS(=O)(=O)C2=C(C=C(C=C2)N(C)C)[C@H]([C@H]1O)C3=CC=C(C=C3)OCC4=CC=C(C=C4)C[N+]56CCN(CC5)CC6)CCCC", ["Maralixibat (also known as SHP625, LUM001, and lopixibat) is an ileal bile acid transporter inhibitor, like [odevixibat]. Maralixibat is indicated for the treatment of cholestatic pruritus in patients with Alagille syndrome, who are at least 1 year old.  Previously, patients with cholestatic pruritus associated with Alagille syndrome were treated with antihistamines, [rifampin], [ursodeoxycholic acid], [cholestyramine], [naltrexone], and [sertraline] alone or in combination. No clinical trials have been performed to assess the efficacy of these treatments for cholestatic pruritus and treatments were given based on a prescriber's clinical experience. Surgical interventions such as partial external bile diversion and ileal exclusion have also been used as treatments.  Maralixibat represents the first FDA-approved treatment for cholestatic pruritus in patients with Alagille syndrome. It was granted FDA approval on 29 September 2021. In October 2022, the EMA's Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) recommended maralixibat be granted marketing authorization for the treatment of cholestatic pruritus in patients with Alagille syndrome: maralixibat was granted marketing authorization in Europe on 13 December 2022.", "Maralixibat is an Ileal Bile Acid Transporter Inhibitor. The mechanism of action of maralixibat is as an Ileal Bile Acid Transporter Inhibitor, and Organic Anion Transporting Polypeptide 2B1 Inhibitor.", "Maralixibat is an orally available inhibitor of the ileal bile salt transporter which is used to treat severe pruritus in patients with cholestatic liver disease including Alagille syndrome without cirrhosis. Maralixibat is associated with transient serum enzyme fluctuations particularly with long term therapy but has not been linked to instances of clinically apparent liver injury with jaundice, although experience with its use has been limited."]], ["Anatibant", "CC1=CC(=NC2=C1C=CC=C2OCC3=C(C=CC(=C3Cl)S(=O)(=O)N4CCC[C@H]4C(=O)NCCCNC(=O)C5=CC=C(C=C5)C(=N)N)Cl)C", ["Anatibant is a proline derivative.", "Anatibant is a selective, very potent, small-molecule Bradykinin B2 receptor antagonist. It is developed for the for the treatment of traumatic brain injury (TBI)."]], ["99mTc-Sestamibi", "CC(C)(C[N+]#[C-])OC.CC(C)(C[N+]#[C-])OC.CC(C)(C[N+]#[C-])OC.CC(C)(C[N+]#[C-])OC.CC(C)(C[N+]#[C-])OC.CC(C)(C[N+]#[C-])OC.[99Tc+7]", ["A technetium imaging agent used to reveal blood-starved cardiac tissue during a heart attack."]], ["Sodium thyroxine", "C1=C(C=C(C(=C1I)OC2=CC(=C(C(=C2)I)O)I)I)C[C@@H](C(=O)O)N.[Na]", ["Levothyroxine Sodium is the sodium salt of levothyroxine, a synthetic levoisomer of thyroxine (T4) that is similar to the endogenous hormone produced by the thyroid gland. In peripheral tissues, levothyroxine is deiodinated by 5'-deiodinase to form triiodothyronine (T3). T3 enters the cell and binds to nuclear thyroid hormone receptors; the activated hormone-receptor complex in turn triggers gene expression and produces proteins required in the regulation of cellular respiration; thermogenesis; cellular growth and differentiation; and the metabolism of proteins, carbohydrates and lipids. T3 also exhibits cardiostimulatory effects.", "The major hormone derived from the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is synthesized via the iodination of tyrosines (MONOIODOTYROSINE) and the coupling of iodotyrosines (DIIODOTYROSINE) in the THYROGLOBULIN. Thyroxine is released from thyroglobulin by proteolysis and secreted into the blood. Thyroxine is peripherally deiodinated to form TRIIODOTHYRONINE which exerts a broad spectrum of stimulatory effects on cell metabolism."]], ["(S,S)-formoterol fumarate", "C[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(C=C1)OC)NC[C@H](C2=CC(=C(C=C2)O)NC=O)O.C[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(C=C1)OC)NC[C@H](C2=CC(=C(C=C2)O)NC=O)O.C(=C/C(=O)O)\\C(=O)O", ["(S,S)-formoterol fumarate is a fumarate salt prepared from (S,S)-formoterol by reaction of one molecule of fumaric acid for every two molecules of (S,S)-formoterol. It contains a (S,S)-formoterol(1+). It is an enantiomer of an arformoterol fumarate.", "Formoterol Fumarate is the fumarate salt form of formoterol, a long-acting and selective sympathomimetic beta-receptor agonist with bronchodilator activity. Formoterol fumarate binds beta 2 adrenergic receptors in bronchial smooth muscle and stimulates intracellular adenyl cyclase, thereby increasing the production of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). Increased cAMP levels cause relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle, improve mucociliary clearance and reduce mediator substance release in inflammatory cells, especially from mast cells. (NCI05)", "An ADRENERGIC BETA-2 RECEPTOR AGONIST with a prolonged duration of action. It is used to manage ASTHMA and in the treatment of CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE."]], ["Vytorin", "CCC(C)(C)C(=O)O[C@H]1C[C@H](C=C2[C@H]1[C@H]([C@H](C=C2)C)CC[C@@H]3C[C@H](CC(=O)O3)O)C.C1=CC(=CC=C1[C@@H]2[C@H](C(=O)N2C3=CC=C(C=C3)F)CC[C@@H](C4=CC=C(C=C4)F)O)O", ["Ezetimibe/Simvastatin is an orally bioavailable combination agent containing the cholesterol absorption inhibitor ezetimibe and the hepatic hydroxymethyl-glutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitor simvastatin, with lipid-lowering activity. Upon oral administration, ezetimibe binds to the sterol transporter Niemann-Pick C1-Like 1 (NPC1L1) at the brush border of the small intestine and inhibits the intestinal absorption of biliary and dietary cholesterol and related phytosterols. This decreases blood cholesterol levels, decreases the delivery of intestinal cholesterol to the liver, reduces hepatic cholesterol stores and enhances the clearance of cholesterol from the bloodstream. Upon administration of simvastatin and subsequent hydrolyzation to its active beta-hydroxyacid form, this statin competitively inhibits HMG-CoA reductase, the enzyme which catalyzes the conversion of HMG-CoA to mevalonate, which is an essential step in cholesterol synthesis. Ezetimibe and simvastatin together reduce blood levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TGs), very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL), and apolipoprotein B (Apo B), and increase the plasma concentration of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Higher cholesterol blood levels appear to be associated with an increased risk in the proliferation of certain cancer cells, such as prostate cancer cells.", "A pharmaceutical preparation of ezetimibe and simvastatin that is used in the treatment of HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA and HYPERLIPIDEMIAS."]], ["Inolitazone", "CC1=CC(=CC(=C1N)C)OC2=CC3=C(C=C2)N=C(N3C)COC4=CC=C(C=C4)CC5C(=O)NC(=O)S5", ["Efatutazone has been used in trials studying the treatment of Lymphoma, Liposarcoma, Solid Tumors, Multiple Myeloma, and Recurrent Thyroid Cancer, among others.", "Efatutazone is an orally bioavailable thiazolidinedione and an agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma) with potential antineoplastic activity. Efatutazone binds to and activates PPAR-gamma thus inducing cell differentiation and apoptosis, leading to a reduction in cellular proliferation. PPAR-gamma is a nuclear hormone receptor and a ligand-activated transcription factor that controls the expression of genes involved in macromolecule metabolism and cell differentiation, specifically adipocyte differentiation."]], ["2-(4-Ethoxyphenyl)-3-[4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl]pyrazolo[1,5-b]pyridazine", "CCOC1=CC=C(C=C1)C2=NN3C(=C2C4=CC=C(C=C4)S(=O)(=O)C)C=CC=N3", ["GW-406381 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Pain, Trauma, Neurodynia, Dental Pain, and Hyperalgesia, among others."]], ["Doramectin", "C[C@H]1/C=C/C=C/2\\CO[C@H]3[C@@]2([C@@H](C=C([C@H]3O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]4C[C@@H](C/C=C(/[C@H]1O[C@H]5C[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O5)C)O[C@H]6C[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O6)C)O)OC)OC)\\C)O[C@]7(C4)C=C[C@@H]([C@H](O7)C8CCCCC8)C)O", ["Doramectin is a veterinary drug approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of parasites such as gastrointestinal roundworms, lungworms, eyeworms, grubs, sucking lice and mange mites in cattle."]], ["Budiodarone", "CC[C@H](C)OC(=O)CC1=C(C2=CC=CC=C2O1)C(=O)C3=CC(=C(C(=C3)I)OCCN(CC)CC)I", ["Budiodarone (ATI-2042) is an antiarrhythmic related to amiodarone that is currently being studied in clinical trials."]], ["6-(2,2-Diphenylethylamino)-9-[(2r,3r,4s,5s)-5-(Ethylcarbamoyl)-3,4-Dihydroxy-Oxolan-2-Yl]-N-[2-[(1-Pyridin-2-Ylpiperidin-4-Yl)carbamoylamino]ethyl]purine-2-Carboxamide", "CCNC(=O)[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O1)N2C=NC3=C(N=C(N=C32)C(=O)NCCNC(=O)NC4CCN(CC4)C5=CC=CC=N5)NCC(C6=CC=CC=C6)C7=CC=CC=C7)O)O", ["UK-432,097 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive."]], ["Efavirenz, emtricitabine, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate", "C[C@H](CN1C=NC2=C(N=CN=C21)N)OCP(=O)(OCOC(=O)OC(C)C)OCOC(=O)OC(C)C.C1CC1C#C[C@]2(C3=C(C=CC(=C3)Cl)NC(=O)O2)C(F)(F)F.C1[C@H](O[C@H](S1)CO)N2C=C(C(=NC2=O)N)F.C(=C/C(=O)O)\\C(=O)O", ["Inhibitor of reverse transcriptases or of RNA-directed DNA polymerases."]], ["(18F)fluoroethyltyrosine", "C1=CC(=CC=C1C[C@@H](C(=O)O)N)OCC[18F]", ["FET F-18 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01756352 (FET-PET for Evaluation of Response of Recurrent GBM to Avastin).", "F-18 Fluoroethyltyrosine is an amino acid analog radiolabeled with fluorine F 18, a positron emitting isotope, used as a tracer in positron emission tomography (PET). Reflecting the increased amino acid transport capacity of tumor cells, F-18 fluroethyltyrosine (F-18 FET) is actively taken up in tumor cells via the amino acid transport system, but is neither incorporated into proteins nor readily degraded, resulting in high intracellular concentrations of this imaging agent. Radiolabeled amino acid-based agents are useful in PET brain tumor imaging because F-18 fluoro-deoxyglucose (F-18 FDG), commonly used in PET tumor imaging, is relatively insensitive for detecting tumors in the brain due to high levels of glycolytic metabolism in the normal cortex and to a lesser extent in white matter."]], ["Avibactam", "C1C[C@H](N2C[C@@H]1N(C2=O)OS(=O)(=O)O)C(=O)N", ["Avibactam is a member of the class of azabicycloalkanes that is (2S,5R)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxamide in which the amino hydrogen at position 6 is replaced by a sulfooxy group. Used (in the form of its sodium salt) in combination with ceftazidime pentahydrate for the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections including pyelonephritis. It has a role as an antibacterial drug, an antimicrobial agent and an EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase) inhibitor. It is a monocarboxylic acid amide, a member of ureas, an azabicycloalkane and a hydroxylamine O-sulfonic acid. It is a conjugate acid of an avibactam(1-).", "Avibactam is a non-\u03b2-lactam \u03b2-lactamase inhibitor that is available in combination with ceftazidime (Avycaz). This combination was approved by the FDA on February 25, 2015 for the treatment of complicated intra-abdominal infections in combination with metronidazole, and the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections, including pyelonephritis caused by antibiotic resistant-pathogens, including those caused by multi-drug resistant gram-negative bacterial pathogens. As there is limited clinical safety and efficacy data, Avycaz should be reserved for patients over 18 years old who have limited or not alternative treatment options.", "Avibactam is a beta Lactamase Inhibitor. The mechanism of action of avibactam is as a beta Lactamase Inhibitor."]], ["Bolandiol", "C[C@]12CC[C@H]3[C@H]([C@@H]1CC[C@@H]2O)CCC4=C[C@H](CC[C@H]34)O", ["Bolandiol is a 3beta-hydroxy steroid that is estr-4-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at positions 3 and 17. It is a synthetic anabolic steroid that is used as a dietary supplement by athletes to enhance performance. It has a role as a nutraceutical and a prohormone. It is a 17beta-hydroxy steroid, an anabolic androgenic steroid, a 3beta-hydroxy steroid and a diol. It derives from a hydride of an estrane."]], ["7-beta-Hydroxyepiandrosterone", "C[C@]12CC[C@@H](C[C@@H]1C[C@@H]([C@@H]3[C@@H]2CC[C@]4([C@H]3CCC4=O)C)O)O", ["7beta-hydroxyepiandrosterone is a 3beta-hydroxy steroid that is epiandrosterone carrying a hydroxy group at the 7beta position. It is an endogenous androgen metabolite that has been shown to exert neuroprotective effects. It has a role as a human metabolite, a neuroprotective agent, an estrogen receptor antagonist and an androgen. It is a 17-oxo steroid, a 7beta-hydroxy steroid, a 3beta-hydroxy steroid and an androstanoid. It is functionally related to an epiandrosterone."]], ["Ferrous bisglycinate", "C(C(=O)[O-])N.C(C(=O)[O-])N.[Fe+2]", ["Ferrous bisglycinate is a chelate that is used as a source of dietary iron. Forming a ring structure when reacting with glycine, ferrous bisglycinate acts as both a chelate and a nutritionally functional. It is found in foods for food enrichment or in supplements for the treatment of iron deficiency or iron deficiency anemia."]], ["Racivir", "C1C(OC(S1)CO)N2C=C(C(=NC2=O)N)F", ["Racivir, also known as RCV, is an oxothiolane nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor similar to emtricitabine and lamivudine. Racivir is a 50:50 mixture of [emtricitabine] and its positive enantiomer. Racivir has been used in trials studying the prevention of HIV Infections."]], ["Tapentadol", "CC[C@@H](C1=CC(=CC=C1)O)[C@@H](C)CN(C)C", ["Tapentadol is an alkylbenzene.", "Opioid analgesic for treatment of moderate to severe pain. FDA approved on Nov 20, 2008.", "Tapentadol is an Opioid Agonist. The mechanism of action of tapentadol is as an Opioid Agonist.", "Tapentadol is an orally available, synthetic benzenoid that acts as an agonist for the mu-opioid receptor (MOR) and inhibits the reuptake of noradrenaline, with potential anti-nociceptive activity. Upon oral administration, tapentadol binds to the MOR which enhances MOR-mediated signaling, interferes with the sensation of pain and results in an analgesic effect. Tapentadol also inhibits the reuptake of noradrenaline, which increases the levels of noradrenaline (NA), activates the inhibitory alpha-2 receptors and results in an analgesic effect.", "An opioid analgesic, MU OPIOID RECEPTOR agonist, and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of moderate to severe pain, and of pain associated with DIABETIC NEUROPATHIES."]], ["Technetium TC-99M medronate", "C(P(=O)([O-])[O-])P(=O)([O-])[O-].[99Tc+4]", ["Technetium Tc-99m Medronate is a radiopharmaceutical containing methylene diphosphonate (medronate; MDP) complexed with the gamma-emitting radionuclide technetium Tc 99m with radioisotopic activity and hydroxyapatite affinity. Upon intravenous administration, skeletal uptake of technetium Tc 99m methylene diphosphonate occurs as a function of skeletal blood flow and osteogenic activity. The MDP moiety of this agent has affinity for hydroxyapatite crystals in bone with abnormal accumulation at sites with increased osteoid mineralization; labeling of MDP with Tc 99m allows scintigraphic imaging of areas of abnormal osteogenesis associated with malignant bone lesions."]], ["Iobenguane i-124", "C1=CC(=CC(=C1)[124I])CN=C(N)N", ["Iobenguane I-124 is a radioconjugate composed of the positron-emitting radioisotope iodine I 124 labeled to iobenguane, the synthetic aralkylguanidine analogue of the neurotransmitter norepinephrine (NE), with potential diagnostic imaging applications upon positron emitting tomography (PET) or computed tomography (CT). Upon administration, iobenguane I-124 is taken up and accumulates in the granules of adrenal medullary chromaffin cells and in the pre-synaptic granules of adrenergic neurons in a manner almost identical with that of NE. In turn, tumor cells can be imaged upon PET or CT."]], ["Nebicapone", "C1=CC=C(C=C1)CC(=O)C2=CC(=C(C(=C2)O)O)[N+](=O)[O-]", ["Nebicapone is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03097211 (Effect of BIA 6-512 at Steady-state on the Levodopa Pharmacokinetics With a Single-dose of Levodopa/Benserazide 200/50 mg or With a Single-dose of Levodopa/Benserazide 200/50 mg Plus a Single-dose of Nebicapone 150 mg)."]], ["Mercury(2+);selenium(2-)", "[Se-2].[Hg+2]", ["Mercury selenide is a chemical compound of mercury and selenium that occurs naturally as the mineral tiemannite. It is used as an ohmic contact to wide-gap II-VI semconductors. Mercury is a heavy, silvery d-block metal and one of six elements that are liquid at or near room temperature and pressure. It is a naturally occuring substance, and combines with other elements such as chlorine, sulfur, or oxygen to form inorganic mercury compounds (salts). Mercury also combines with carbon to make organic mercury compounds. Selenium is a nonmetal element with the atomic number 34 and the chemical symbol Se. Selenium rarely occurs in its elemental state in nature and is usually found in sulfide ores such as pyrite, partially replacing the sulfur in the ore matrix. It may also be found in silver, copper, lead, and nickel minerals. Though selenium salts are toxic in large amounts, trace amounts of the element are necessary for cellular function in most animals, forming the active center of the enzymes glutathione peroxidase, thioredoxin reductase, and three known deiodinase enzymes. (L620, L1, L431)"]], ["O-Desmethyltramadol", "CN(C)C[C@H]1CCCC[C@@]1(C2=CC(=CC=C2)O)O", ["O-Desmethyltramadol is an alkylbenzene and a ring assembly."]], ["19-Norpregn-4-en-20-yn-3-one, 17-hydroxy-, (17alpha)-", "C[C@]12CC[C@H]3[C@H]([C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(C#C)O)CCC4=CC(=O)CC[C@H]34", ["A synthetic progestational hormone with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE but functioning as a more potent inhibitor of ovulation. It has weak estrogenic and androgenic properties. The hormone has been used in treating amenorrhea, functional uterine bleeding, endometriosis, and for contraception."]], ["Capsiate", "CC(C)/C=C/CCCCC(=O)OCC1=CC(=C(C=C1)O)OC", ["Capsiate is a carboxylic ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (6E)-8-methylnon-6-enoic acid with the benzylic hydroxy group of vanillyl alcohol. A non-pungent analogue of capsaicin with a similar biological profile. It has a role as a plant metabolite, a hypoglycemic agent, an anti-allergic agent, an antioxidant, an angiogenesis inhibitor, an anti-inflammatory agent and a capsaicin receptor agonist. It is a carboxylic ester, a monomethoxybenzene and a member of phenols. It is functionally related to a vanillyl alcohol.", "Capsiate is a natural product found in Apis cerana with data available."]], ["Dexlipotam", "C1CSS[C@@H]1CCCCC(=O)O.C(C(CO)(CO)N)O", ["A salt of alpha-lipoic acid and tromethamine; may be useful in treating vascular stress in patients with diabetes."]], ["Ropidoxuridine", "C1[C@@H]([C@H](O[C@H]1N2C=C(C=NC2=O)I)CO)O", ["Ropidoxuridine is a novel, orally available, thymidine analogue and prodrug for IUdR, which demonstrated a survival advantage in Phase II studies in anaplastic astrocytoma, a type of brain tumor.", "Ropidoxuridine is an orally available 5-substituted 2-pyrimidinone-2'-deoxyribonucleoside analogue and prodrug of 5-iododeoxyuridine (IUdR), an iodinated analogue of deoxyuridine, with radiosensitizing activity. Upon oral administration, ropidoxuridine (IPdR) is efficiently converted to idoxuridine (IUdR) by a hepatic aldehyde oxidase. In turn, IUdR is incorporated into DNA during replication, thereby sensitizing cells to ionizing radiation by increasing DNA strand breaks. Compared to IUdR, ropidoxuridine is associated with a lower toxicity profile and improved anti-tumor activity."]], ["Polmacoxib", "CC1(C(=O)C(=C(O1)C2=CC=C(C=C2)S(=O)(=O)N)C3=CC(=CC=C3)F)C", ["Polmacoxib has been used in trials studying the treatment of Osteoarthritis, Osteoarthritis, Hip, Osteoarthritis, Knee, Localized Primary Osteoarthritis of Hip, and Localized Primary Osteoarthritis of Knee."]], ["Vapitadine", "C1CN2C(=CN=C2C3(CCNCC3)C4=CC=CC=C41)C(=O)N", ["Vapitadine is an antihistamine that Barrier Therapeutics is developing as a treatment for allergic reactions of the skin, such as those associated with hives and for the itch associated with atopic dermatitis. An advantage of vapitadine over other antihistamines may be the absence of the sedation, even at high doses."]], ["CID 9842726", "C(CN(CC(=O)O)CC(=O)O)N(CC(=O)O)CC(=O)O.[Na].[Na].[Ca]", ["Edetate Calcium Disodium is contracted name for a salt of ethylenediaminetetraacetate, an agent used as a chelator of lead and some other heavy metals. C10H12CaN2Na2O8."]], ["7-(2-(3,6-Dihydro-4-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1(2H)-pyridinyl)ethyl)isoquinoline", "C1CN(CC=C1C2=CC(=CC=C2)C(F)(F)F)CCC3=CC4=C(C=C3)C=CN=C4", ["Isoquinoline, 7-(2-(3,6-dihydro-4-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1(2h)-pyridinyl)ethyl)- is under investigation in clinical trial NCT00545454 (Activity and Safety of Oral Administration of SSR150106XB for the Reduction of Inflammation in Patients With Active Rheumatoid Arthritis)."]], ["(3S,4R)-3-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yloxymethyl)-4-(4-fluorophenyl)piperidine;hydrate;hydrochloride", "C1CNC[C@H]([C@@H]1C2=CC=C(C=C2)F)COC3=CC4=C(C=C3)OCO4.O.Cl", ["A serotonin uptake inhibitor that is effective in the treatment of depression."]], ["Ziagen", "C1CC1NC2=C3C(=NC(=N2)N)N(C=N3)[C@@H]4C[C@@H](C=C4)CO.OS(=O)(=O)O", ["Abacavir (brand name: Ziagen) is a prescription medicine approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of HIV infection in adults, children, and infants. Abacavir is always used in combination with other HIV medicines.", "Abacavir Sulfate is a sulfate salt form of abacavir, a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor analog of guanosine. This agent decreases HIV viral loads, retards or prevents the damage to the immune system, and reduces the risk of developing AIDS."]], ["Semagacestat", "C[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@H]1C2=CC=CC=C2CCN(C1=O)C)NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)O", ["(2S)-2-hydroxy-3-methyl-N-[(2S)-1-[[(5S)-3-methyl-4-oxo-2,5-dihydro-1H-3-benzazepin-5-yl]amino]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]butanamide is a peptide.", "Semagacestat has been used in trials studying the treatment of Alzheimer Disease."]], ["Rosabulin", "CC1=NSC(=C1)NC(=O)C(=O)C2=C3C=CC=CN3C(=C2)CC4=CC=C(C=C4)C#N", ["Rosabulin is a small molecule vascular disrupting agent, with potential antimitotic and antineoplastic activities. Rosabulin binds to tubulin in a similar manner as colchicine and inhibits microtubule assembly. This results in the disruption of the cytoskeleton of tumor endothelial cells, ultimately leading to cell cycle arrest and blockage of cell division. By destroying proliferating vascular cells, blood flow to the tumor is reduced and eventually leads to a decrease in tumor cell proliferation."]], ["SHetA2", "CC1(CC(SC2=C1C=C(C=C2)NC(=S)NC3=CC=C(C=C3)[N+](=O)[O-])(C)C)C", ["Flexible Heteroarotinoid Sulfur Heteroarotinoid A2 is an orally bioavailable, synthetic flexible heteroarotinoid (Flex-Het), with antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, Flex-Het sulfur heteroarotinoid A2 (SHetA2) binds to the three related heat shock protein A (HSPA) chaperone proteins HSPA5 (78-kDa glucose-regulated protein; Grp78; BiP), HSPA8 (Hsc70) and HSPA9 (mortalin), and disrupts their binding to client proteins. This may induce G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, and inhibit tumor cell growth, migration and invasion. Grp78, hsc70, and mortalin play important roles in ensuring the proper folding, function, and cellular localization of their client proteins, which are important for cell survival; they are mutated in certain cancer types."]], ["Levonebivolol", "C1CC2=C(C=CC(=C2)F)O[C@H]1[C@H](CNC[C@@H]([C@@H]3CCC4=C(O3)C=CC(=C4)F)O)O", ["(R,S,S,S)-nebivolol is a 2,2'-iminobis[1-(6-fluoro-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-2-yl)ethanol] that has (1S,1'S,2R,2'S)-configuration. It is a conjugate base of a (R,S,S,S)-nebivolol(1+). It is an enantiomer of a (S,R,R,R)-nebivolol.", "Nebivolol is a beta-blocker and antihypertensive medication that has additional vasodilatory activity mediated by nitric oxide release. Nebivolol has yet to be linked to instances of clinically apparent liver injury.", "A cardioselective ADRENERGIC BETA-1 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST (beta-blocker) that functions as a VASODILATOR through the endothelial L-arginine/ NITRIC OXIDE system. It is used to manage HYPERTENSION and chronic HEART FAILURE in elderly patients."]], ["Heroin hydrochloride", "CC(=O)O[C@H]1C=C[C@H]2[C@H]3CC4=C5[C@]2([C@H]1OC5=C(C=C4)OC(=O)C)CCN3C.Cl", ["Diacetylmorphine Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt of a diacetyl derivative of the opiate morphine, a naturally occurring alkaloid extracted from the seedpod of the Asian poppy (Papaver sp.).  Once administered, diamorphine (or diacetylmorphine) is rapidly hydrolyzed to 6-monoacetylmorphine (6-MAM) and then to the end-product morphine which binds to opiate receptors located throughout the mammalian nervous and gastrointestinal systems.  Inducing a potent analgesia, the use of diamoprhine is often escalated due to a tolerance effect, resulting in abuse that is associated with fatal overdose, abortion, venous sclerosis, and opportunistic infections, among other adverse effects. (NCI04)", "A narcotic analgesic that may be habit-forming. It is a controlled substance (opium derivative) listed in the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21 Parts 329.1, 1308.11 (1987). Sale is forbidden in the United States by Federal statute. (Merck Index, 11th ed)"]], ["(S)-5,5-Dioxo-9-((3,3,3-trifluoro-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoyl)amino)-4,10-dihydrothieno(3,2-C)(1)benzothiepin-10-one", "C[C@](C(=O)NC1=C2C(=CC=C1)S(=O)(=O)CC3=C(C2=O)SC=C3)(C(F)(F)F)O", ["KW-7158 is a tricyclic compound with a non-cholingergic mechanism of action for the treatment of \"urinary urgency,\" \"frequent urination\" and \"urinary incontinence\" associated with bladder overactivity (involuntary abnormal contraction of the bladder). The therapeutic effects of KW-7158 in overactive bladder may be due to the activation of A-type K(+) channels which regulate afferent neuron excitability and firing properties in the dorsal root ganglion neurons."]], ["NH18RV17NU", "CC[C@H](CC#N)OC(=O)N[C@@H](C)C1=CC(=CC=C1)NC(=O)NC2=CC(=C(C=C2)C#N)OC", ["VX-148 is a second-generation, orally administered inhibitor of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH). The IMPDH enzyme plays a key role in regulating immune response and proliferation of specific cell types, including lymphocytes. VX-148 is a developed for the treatment of autoimmune diseases."]], ["Halometasone", "C[C@@H]1C[C@H]2[C@@H]3C[C@@H](C4=CC(=O)C(=C[C@@]4([C@]3([C@H](C[C@@]2([C@]1(C(=O)CO)O)C)O)F)C)Cl)F", ["Halometasone is a 21-hydroxy steroid."]], ["Gallium maltolate", "CC1=C(C(=O)C=CO1)[O-].CC1=C(C(=O)C=CO1)[O-].CC1=C(C(=O)C=CO1)[O-].[Ga+3]", ["Gallium maltolate is Titan\u2019s novel oral agent in development for the potential treatment of chronic bacterial infections, bone disease and cancer.", "Gallium Maltolate is an orally bioavailable form of the element gallium (Ga) composed of a trivalent gallium cation (Ga3+) coordinated to three maltolate ligands, with anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, antineoplastic, analgesic, antiresorptive and antibacterial activities. Upon administration of gallium maltolate, Ga3+, which is structurally similar to the ferric ion (Fe3+), competes with and replaces Fe3+ in many vital Fe 3+-mediated biological reactions.. Unlike Fe3+, Ga3+ cannot be reduced, cannot participate in redox reactions and cannot mimic Fe3+ functions. In rapidly proliferating cells, such as cancer cells, high amounts of iron are needed for DNA synthesis. The incorporation of Ga3+ inactivates the Fe3+-dependent enzyme ribonucleotide reductase (RR), an enzyme essential for DNA synthesis, leading to an inhibition of DNA synthesis and induction of cell death in rapidly proliferating cells. Gallium similarly reduces bacterial cell growth. In addition, Ga3+ is able to suppress inflammation through the down-regulation of pro-inflammatory cells and the inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion. Gallium also exerts analgesic effects due to the inhibition of Fe3+-dependent enzymes involved in inflammation and may interfere with the activity of certain metalloproteinases and neuropeptides that are implicated in pain. Also, gallium is able to inhibit bone resorption by osteoclasts, may inhibit metastasis to bone and may prevent the destruction of bone by tumors."]], ["MobileTrex", "C=C(CC(C(=O)O)NC(=O)C1=CC=C(C=C1)CCC2=CC3=C(C=C2)N=C(N=C3N)N)C(=O)O", ["CH-1504 is a an antirheumatic agent that has been shown in vitro to be a nonpolyglutamylatable and nonhydroxylatable antifolate that is more efficiently taken up into cells by the reduced folate carrier (RFC) system than is Methotrexate. It has been investigated for the treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis (phase II)."]], ["Laninamivir octanoate", "CCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H]([C@H]([C@H]1[C@@H]([C@H](C=C(O1)C(=O)O)N=C(N)N)NC(=O)C)OC)O", ["Laninamivir octanoate hydrate is a fatty acid ester.", "Laninamivir octanoate has been used in trials studying the treatment of Asthma."]], ["Parogrelil hydrochloride", "C1=CC(=CN=C1)CNC2=C(C(=O)NN=C2OCCCC3=CC=C(C=C3)Cl)Br.Cl", ["Nissan Chemical and Taisho have been jointly developing NM-702, a drug for the treatment of arteriosclerosis obliterans.  M-702 is an orally active inhibitor of phosphodiesterase and thromboxane synthetase. In Japan, Phase 2 studies are being conducted for intermittent claudication caused by arteriosclerosis obliterans, intermittent claudication caused by spinal canal stenosis, and asthma. In the USA, a Phase 2 study for intermittent claudication caused by arteriosclerosis obliterans has been successfully completed. Intermittent claudication is a major symptom of arteriosclerosis obliterans. It is caused by insufficient oxygen supply to exercising muscles in the lower extremities due to decreased blood flow as a result of sclerosis of peripheral arteries. It is estimated that about 6 million people suffer from intermittent claudication in the USA, with only 10 percent of these people currently receiving treatment. Patients with claudication experience significant disability, owing to their exercise limitation. Therapeutic options to improve exercise performance in these patients are limited"]], ["1,2-Benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one, 2-(4-(4-(7-chloro-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-5-yl)-1-piperazinyl)butyl)-, 1,1-dioxide", "C1CN(CCN1CCCCN2C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3S2(=O)=O)C4=C5C(=CC(=C4)Cl)OCCO5", ["DU125530 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01119430 (Fluoxetine Versus Fluoxetine Plus DU125530 in Major Depressive Disorder)."]], ["Tauroursodeoxycholic acid", "C[C@H](CCC(=O)NCCS(=O)(=O)O)[C@H]1CC[C@@H]2[C@@]1(CC[C@H]3[C@H]2[C@H](C[C@H]4[C@@]3(CC[C@H](C4)O)C)O)C", ["Tauroursodeoxycholic acid is a bile acid taurine conjugate derived from ursoodeoxycholic acid. It has a role as a human metabolite, an anti-inflammatory agent, a neuroprotective agent, an apoptosis inhibitor, a cardioprotective agent and a bone density conservation agent. It is functionally related to an ursodeoxycholic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a tauroursodeoxycholate.", "Tauroursodeoxycholic acid, also known as ursodoxicoltaurine, is a highly hydrophilic tertiary bile acid that is produced in humans at a low concentration. It is a taurine conjugate of [ursodeoxycholic acid] with comparable therapeutic efficacy and safety, but a much higher hydrophilicity. Normally, hydrophilic bile acids regulates hydrophobic bile acids and their cytotoxic effects. Tauroursodeoxycholic acid can reduce the absorption of cholesterol in the small intestine, thereby reducing the body's intake of dietary cholesterol and the body cholesterol content.  Tauroursodeoxycholic acid is currently used in Europe to treat and prevent gallstones as a bile acid derivative. Due to a range of its molecular properties - namely its anti-apoptotic effects - tauroursodeoxycholic acid has been examined in inflammatory metabolic diseases and neurodegenerative diseases.", "Tauroursodeoxycholic acid is a natural product found in Homo sapiens with data available."]], ["4-Hexynoic acid, 2-(((4-((4-methoxybenzoyl)amino)phenyl)sulfonyl)amino)-6-(4-morpholinyl)-", "COC1=CC=C(C=C1)C(=O)NC2=CC=C(C=C2)S(=O)(=O)NC(CC#CCN3CCOCC3)C(=O)O", ["PG-530742 selectively inhibits certain matrix metalloproteinases that have been implicated in the cartilage degradation that occurs in osteoarthritis. By inhibiting these MMPs, it potentially limits cartilage degradation and disease progression. Studies are currently assessing the efficacy and safety of PG-530742 in the treatment of mild to moderate knee osteoarthritis."]], ["Drometrizole trisiloxane", "CC1=CC(=C(C(=C1)N2N=C3C=CC=CC3=N2)O)CC(C)C[Si](C)(O[Si](C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C", ["Drometrizole trisiloxane is a photostable UVA and UVB light filter. The compound is a lipophilic benzotriazole derivative marketed as Meroxyl XL by L'Oreal, although sunscreens with drometrizole trisiloxane are currently only approved for use in the EU, Canada, Australia, and Japan, among other countries.  Despite being used elsewhere in the world with relatively few reports of adverse reactions, the FDA continues to cite that the existing scientific record is not sufficient to establish the compound as being generally recognized as safe and effective for over-the-counter sunscreen use."]], ["Nopan", "C[C@]([C@H]1C[C@@]23CC[C@]1([C@H]4[C@@]25CCN([C@@H]3CC6=C5C(=C(C=C6)O)O4)CC7CC7)OC)(C(C)(C)C)O.Cl", ["Buprenorphine Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of buprenorphine, a synthetic phenanthrene with narcotic analgesic activity. Buprenorphine hydrochloride is a partial agonist at the mu-opioid receptor and an antagonist at the kapa-opioid receptor in the central nervous system. However, under the conditions of recommended use it behaves as a classic mu-opioid agonist, mimicking the actions of endogenous peptides at CNS opioid receptors. The agonist action results in a raised pain threshold and increased tolerance to pain.  However, it also causes sedation, physical dependence, and respiratory depressant effects and decreases heart rate and blood pressure.", "A derivative of the opioid alkaloid THEBAINE that is a more potent and longer lasting analgesic than MORPHINE. It appears to act as a partial agonist at mu and kappa opioid receptors and as an antagonist at delta receptors. The lack of delta-agonist activity has been suggested to account for the observation that buprenorphine tolerance may not develop with chronic use."]], ["3,6-Acridinediamine, sulfate (2:1)", "C1=CC(=CC2=NC3=C(C=CC(=C3)N)C=C21)N.C1=CC(=CC2=NC3=C(C=CC(=C3)N)C=C21)N.OS(=O)(=O)O", ["Proflavine Hemisulfate is the hemisulfate salt form of proflavine, an acridine-derived fluorescent contrast and disinfectant agent that can potentially be used for cellular imaging and antiseptic purposes. Upon topical application of proflavine hemisulfate, proflavine diffuses into cells and intercalates into DNA, thereby accumulating in and staining the nucleus. During fluorescence imaging, the cell nuclei can be visualized. This allows nuclear morphometry and the identification of cancer cells. In addition, proflavine exerts its antibacterial effect by binding to bacterial DNA, thereby disrupting DNA synthesis and halting bacterial cell growth.", "Topical antiseptic used mainly in wound dressings."]], ["Surinabant", "CCC1=C(N(N=C1C(=O)NN2CCCCC2)C3=C(C=C(C=C3)Cl)Cl)C4=CC=C(C=C4)Br", ["5-(4-bromophenyl)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-ethyl-N-(1-piperidinyl)-3-pyrazolecarboxamide is a member of pyrazoles and a ring assembly.", "Surinabant has been investigated for the treatment of Smoking Cessation."]], ["6-(4-(2-(((2S)-3-(9H-Carbazol-4-yloxy)-2-hydroxypropyl)amino)-2-methylpropyl)phenoxy)pyridine-3-carboxamide", "CC(C)(CC1=CC=C(C=C1)OC2=NC=C(C=C2)C(=O)N)NC[C@@H](COC3=CC=CC4=C3C5=CC=CC=C5N4)O", ["Ly377604 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Obesity."]], ["Naphthoquine", "CC(C)(C)NCC1=CC(=C2CCCCC2=C1O)NC3=C4C=CC(=CC4=NC=C3)Cl", ["Naphthoquine is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01930331 (Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics and Efficacy of ARCO)."]], ["Orvepitant", "CC1=C(C=CC(=C1)F)[C@H]2C[C@H](CCN2C(=O)N(C)[C@H](C)C3=CC(=CC(=C3)C(F)(F)F)C(F)(F)F)N4CCN5[C@H](C4)CCC5=O", ["Orvepitant has been used in trials studying the treatment of Depressive Disorder, Depressive Disorder, Major, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)."]], ["Nabiximols", "CCCCCC1=CC(=C(C(=C1)O)[C@@H]2C=C(CC[C@H]2C(=C)C)C)O.CCCCCC1=CC(=C2[C@@H]3C=C(CC[C@H]3C(OC2=C1)(C)C)C)O", ["Nabiximols (tradename Sativex\u00ae) is a whole plant extract from the Cannabis species Cannabis sativa L. that has been purified into the active components CBD (cannabidiol) and THC (delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol). For trademark purposes, purified CBD is branded as Nabidiolex\u00ae, while THC is purified as the product Tetrabinex\u00ae. Sativex\u00ae is available in a 1:1 formulation of THC:CBD as an oro-mucosal pump spray used for treatment of neuropathic pain from Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and for intractable cancer pain. Although still largely debated, Cannabis has been shown to have analgesic, anticonvulsant, muscle relaxant, anxiolytic, neuroprotective, anti-oxidant, and anti-psychotic activity.   From a pharmacological perspective, Cannabis' diverse receptor profile explains its potential application for such a wide variety of medical conditions. Cannabis contains more than 400 different chemical compounds, of which 61 are considered cannabinoids, a class of compounds that act upon cannabinoid receptors of the body. Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) are two types of cannabinoids found naturally in the resin of the marijuana plant, both of which interact with the cannabinoid receptors found in the human body. While both CBD and THC are used for medicinal purposes, they have different receptor activity, function, and physiological effects. While cannabis in its natural plant form is currently used \"off-label\" for the management of many medical conditions, THC is currently commercially available in synthetic form as [DB00486], as purified isomer as [DB00470], or in a 1:1 formulation with CBD from purified plant extract as [DB14011].  The primary psychoactive component of Cannabis, delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (\u03949-THC), demonstrates its effects through weak partial agonist activity at Cannabinoid-1 (CB1R) and Cannabinoid-2 (CB2R) receptors. This activity results in the well-known effects of smoking cannabis such as increased appetite, reduced pain, and changes in emotional and cognitive processes. In contrast to THC's weak agonist activity, CBD has been shown to act as a negative allosteric modulator of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor, the most abundant G-Protein Coupled Receptor (GPCR) in the body. Allosteric regulation is achieved through the modulation of receptor activity on a functionally distinct site from the agonist or antagonist binding site. The negative allosteric modulatory effects of CBD are therapeutically important as direct agonists are limited by their psychomimetic effects while direct antagonists are limited by their depressant effects.   In Canada, Sativex\u00ae has received a Notice of Compliance (NOC) for use as an as adjunctive treatment for symptomatic relief of spasticity in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) who have not responded adequately to other therapy and who demonstrate meaningful improvement during an initial trial of therapy.   Sativex\u00ae has also received a Notice of Compliance with Conditions (NOC/c) for use as an adjunctive treatment for the symptomatic relief of neuropathic pain in adult patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and as adjunctive analgesic treatment in adult patients with advanced cancer who experience moderate to severe pain during the highest tolerated dose of strong opioid therapy for persistent background pain.", "Nabiximols is an herbal preparation containing a defined quantity of specific cannabinoids formulated for oromucosal spray administration with potential analgesic activity. Nabiximols contains a standardized extract of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the non-psychoactive cannabinoid cannabidiol (CBD), other minor cannabinoids, flavonoids, and terpenes from two cannabis plant varieties. Cannabinoids interact with G protein-coupled cannabinoid 1 (CB1) receptors in the central nervous system, resulting in analgesic, euphoric, and anticonvulsive effects."]], ["Mesupron", "CCOC(=O)N1CCN(CC1)C(=O)[C@H](CC2=CC(=CC=C2)/C(=N\\O)/N)NS(=O)(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3C(C)C)C(C)C)C(C)C", ["Upamostat has been used in trials studying the treatment of Pancreatic Cancer.", "Upamostat is an orally bioavailable, 3-amidinophenylalanine-derived, second generation serine protease inhibitor prodrug targeting the human urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) system with potential antineoplastic and antimetastatic activities. After oral administration, upamostat is converted to the active N alpha-(2,4,6-triisopropylphenylsulfonyl)-3-amidino-(L)-phenylalanine-4-ethoxycarbonylpiperazide (WX-UK1), which inhibits several serine proteases, particularly uPA; inhibition of uPA may result in the inhibition of tumor growth and metastasis. uPA is a serine protease involved in degradation of the extracellular matrix and tumor cell migration and proliferation."]], ["Avatrombopag", "C1CCC(CC1)N2CCN(CC2)C3=C(N=C(S3)NC(=O)C4=CC(=C(N=C4)N5CCC(CC5)C(=O)O)Cl)C6=CC(=CS6)Cl", ["Avatrombopag (Doptelet), is an orally administered, small-molecule thrombopoietin receptor (c-Mpl) agonist which increases platelet number, but not platelet activation,.  This decreases the need for blood transfusions.   Patients with thrombocytopenia and chronic liver disease (leading to thrombocytopenia) often require platelet transfusions before surgical procedures to decrease the risk of bleeding. Thrombocytopenia (or decreased numbers of platelets) is a common complication in patients suffering from chronic liver disease, either as an immediate result of liver disease or a consequence of interferon-based antiviral therapy.    Avatrombopag was approved by the FDA on May 21, 2018 for thrombocytopenia (low platelets) in adults with chronic liver disease who are scheduled to undergo a procedure. It is administered orally as avatrombopag maleate, its salt form.    Doptelet (Avatrombopag) is the first orally administered treatment option for patients with chronic liver disease,  allowing a large population of patients to avoid a platelet transfusion before a procedure by increasing platelet counts to the optimal level of greater or equal to 50,000 per microliter.", "Avatrombopag is an orally available platelet thrombopoietin receptor (TPOR; MPL) agonist, with potential megakaryopoiesis stimulating activity. Upon administration, avatrombopag binds to and stimulates TPOR, which may lead to the proliferation and differentiation of megakaryocytes from bone marrow progenitor cells. This increases the production of platelets and may prevent chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia (CIT). TPOR is a cytokine receptor and member of the hematopoietin receptor superfamily."]], ["Alvespimycin hydrochloride", "C[C@H]1C[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](/C=C(/[C@@H]([C@H](/C=C\\C=C(\\C(=O)NC2=CC(=O)C(=C(C1)C2=O)NCCN(C)C)/C)OC)OC(=O)N)\\C)C)O)OC.Cl", ["Alvespimycin Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt of alvespimycin, an analogue of the antineoplastic benzoquinone antibiotic geldanamycin. Alvespimycin binds to HSP90, a chaperone protein that aids in the assembly, maturation and folding of proteins. Subsequently, the function of Hsp90 is inhibited, leading to the degradation and depletion of its client proteins such as kinases and transcription factors involved with cell cycle regulation and signal transduction."]], ["Ceftaroline fosamil", "CCO/N=C(/C1=NSC(=N1)NP(=O)(O)O)\\C(=O)N[C@H]2[C@@H]3N(C2=O)C(=C(CS3)SC4=NC(=CS4)C5=CC=[N+](C=C5)C)C(=O)[O-]", ["Ceftaroline fosamil is a cephalosporin having [4-(1-methylpyridinium-4-yl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]sulfanyl and {(2Z)-2-(ethoxyimino)-2-[5-(phosphonoamino)-1,2,4-thiadiazol-3-yl]acetyl}amino side groups located at positions 3 and 7 respectively. The N-phospho prodrug of ceftaroline, a broad-spectrum antibiotic active against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). It is used for the treatment of adults with acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections. It has a role as an antibacterial drug, an antimicrobial agent and a prodrug. It is an iminium betaine, a cephalosporin, a member of 1,3-thiazoles, an oxime O-ether, a member of thiadiazoles and an organic phosphoramidate. It is functionally related to a ceftaroline.", "Ceftaroline fosamil is a cephalosporin antibacterial indicated for the treatment of the following infections caused by designated susceptible bacteria: Acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections.  Community-acquired bacterial pneumonia.", "Ceftaroline Fosamil is an N-phosphono prodrug of the fifth-generation cephalosporin derivative ceftaroline with antibacterial activity. Ceftaroline fosamil is hydrolyzed to the active form ceftaroline in vivo. Ceftaroline binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall. PBPs are enzymes involved in the terminal stages of assembling the bacterial cell wall and in reshaping the cell wall during growth and division. Inactivation of PBPs interferes with the cross-linkage of peptidoglycan chains necessary for bacterial cell wall strength and rigidity. This results in the weakening of the bacterial cell wall and causes cell lysis."]], ["Lomitapide", "C1CN(CCC1NC(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2C3=CC=C(C=C3)C(F)(F)F)CCCCC4(C5=CC=CC=C5C6=CC=CC=C64)C(=O)NCC(F)(F)F", ["Lomitapide is a member of the class of benzamides obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-2-carboxylic acid with the primary amino group of 9-[4-(4-aminopiperidin-1-yl)butyl]-N-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-9H-fluorene-9-carboxamide. Used (as its mesylate salt) as a complement to a low-fat diet and other lipid-lowering treatments in patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. It has a role as an anticholesteremic drug and a MTP inhibitor. It is a member of piperidines, a member of fluorenes, a member of benzamides and a member of (trifluoromethyl)benzenes. It is a conjugate base of a lomitapide(1+).", "Lomitapide is a microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) inhibitor used in homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HoFH) patients. It is marketed under the name Juxtapid (R).", "Lomitapide is a Microsomal Triglyceride Transfer Protein Inhibitor. The mechanism of action of lomitapide is as a Microsomal Triglyceride Transfer Protein Inhibitor, and Cytochrome P450 3A4 Inhibitor, and P-Glycoprotein Inhibitor.", "Lomitapide is a cholesterol lowering agent that acts by inhibition of the microsomal triglyceride transfer protein and is used to treat the severe lipid abnormalities of familial hypercholesterolemia. Lomitapide is associated with mild, asymptomatic and self-limited serum aminotransferase elevations during therapy that are usually accompanied by an increase in hepatic fat. Long term therapy with lomitapide has been linked to development of steatohepatitis and hepatic fibrosis.", "Lomitapide is a small molecule inhibitor of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP), an enzyme located in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum responsible for absorbing dietary lipids and transferring triglycerides onto apolipoprotein B (apo-B) in the assembly of very-low-density lipoprotein. Inhibition of MTP by lomitapide blocks transfer of lipid to apo-B, and as a result emerging apo-B is destroyed and lipoprotein secretion is inhibited."]], ["Ciluprevir", "CC(C)NC1=NC(=CS1)C2=NC3=C(C=CC(=C3)OC)C(=C2)O[C@@H]4C[C@H]5C(=O)N[C@@]6(C[C@H]6/C=C\\CCCCC[C@@H](C(=O)N5C4)NC(=O)OC7CCCC7)C(=O)O", ["The compound, named BILN 2061, is an orally active inhibitor of the HCV NS3 protease and the first member of this new drug class to be tested in humans.", "Ciluprevir is an orally bioavailable, peptidomimetic, macrocyclic compound with activity against hepatitis C virus (HCV). Ciluprevir binds non-covalently to the active center of the HCV NS3-4A serine protease and prevents processing of viral proteins required for replication."]], ["Cangrelor", "CSCCNC1=C2C(=NC(=N1)SCCC(F)(F)F)N(C=N2)[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O3)COP(=O)(O)OP(=O)(C(P(=O)(O)O)(Cl)Cl)O)O)O", ["Cangrelor is a nucleoside triphosphate analogue that is 5'-O-[({[dichloro(phosphono)methyl](hydroxy)phosphoryl}oxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl]adenosine carrying additional 2-(methylsulfanyl)ethyl and (3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)sulfanyl substituents at positions N6 and C2 respectively. Used (in the form of its tetrasodium salt) as an intravenous antiplatelet drug that prevents formation of harmful blood clots in the coronary arteries. It has a role as a platelet aggregation inhibitor and a P2Y12 receptor antagonist. It is a nucleoside triphosphate analogue, an organofluorine compound, an aryl sulfide, an organochlorine compound, a secondary amino compound and an adenosine 5'-phosphate. It is a conjugate acid of a cangrelor(4-).", "Cangrelor is an intravenous, direct-acting, reversible P2Y12 inhibitor for patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) who have not been yet treated by oral P2Y12 inhibitors. An advantage Cangrelor provides over oral P2Y12 inhibitors (such as prasugrel, ticagrelor, and clopidogrel) is that it is an active drug not requiring metabolic conversion therefore providing a rapid onset and offset of action. Cangrelor was approved by the FDA in June 2015 for intravenous application.", "Cangrelor is a P2Y12 Platelet Inhibitor. The mechanism of action of cangrelor is as a P2Y12 Receptor Antagonist. The physiologic effect of cangrelor is by means of Decreased Platelet Aggregation.", "Cangrelor is an intravenously administered antiplatelet drug that is used at the time of cardiac surgery or percutaneous coronary intervention to decrease the risk of myocardial infarction and maintain artery and stent patency. Cangrelor has not been linked to serum enzyme abnormalities or to clinically apparent liver injury, but its clinical use has been limited."]], ["Unii-vdxvabrqtv", "C[C@H]1[C@H]([C@H](C[C@@H](O1)O[C@H]2C[C@@](CC3=C2C(=C4C(=C3O)C(=O)C5=C(C4=O)C(=CC=C5)OC)O)(C(=O)CO)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)N)NC(=O)[C@H](C6CCCCC6)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@@H]7C[C@H](CN7C(=O)CCCC(=O)O)O)O", ["Doxorubicin Prodrug L-377,202 is a prodrug in which a peptide is covalently conjugated with the anthracycline antineoplastic antibiotic doxorubicin.  This complex is hydrolyzed by the enzyme prostate-specific antigen (PSA), resulting in the formation of doxorubicin and leucine-doxorubicin.  Selective targeting of these drugs to prostate tumor cells occurs because the hydrolyzing PSA enzyme is localized to the prostate gland.  Doxorubicin and leucine-doxorubicin intercalate into DNA and interacts with topoisomerase II, thereby inhibiting DNA replication and repair and RNA and protein synthesis.  These agents also produce toxic free-radical intermediates and interact with cell membrane lipids causing lipid peroxidation."]], ["(-)-beta-Elemene", "CC(=C)[C@H]1CC[C@]([C@H](C1)C(=C)C)(C)C=C", ["(-)-beta-Elemene is a natural product found in Eugenia uniflora, Riccardia multifida, and other organisms with data available."]], ["Lead(II) hydroxide", "[OH-].[OH-].[Pb+2]", ["Lead hydroxide is a hydroxide of lead. Lead is a heavy metal and stable element with the symbol Pb and the atomic number 82, existing in metallic, organic, and inorganic forms. It is mainly found in nature as the mineral galena (PbS), cerussite (PbCO3) or anglesite (PbSO4), usually in ore with zinc, silver, or copper. (L21)"]], ["(2S)-2-Amino-4-(2-amino-4-chlorophenyl)-4-oxobutanoic acid", "C1=CC(=C(C=C1Cl)N)C(=O)C[C@@H](C(=O)O)N", ["AV-101 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Neuropathic Pain.", "L-4-chlorokynurenine is an orally bioavailable, blood brain barrier (BBB) penetrating, chlorinated analog of the endogenous neuromodulator kynurenic acid and prodrug of 7-chlorokynurenic acid (7-Cl-KYNA), a N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDA-R) antagonist at the glycine-coagonist (GlyB) site, with potential anti-hyperalgesic, neuroprotective and anti-epileptic activities. Unlike 7-Cl-KYNA, L-4-chlorokynurenine, upon oral administration, crosses the BBB and is enzymatically converted, through transamination, within activated astrocytes located at sites of injury in the central nervous system (CNS) to its active metabolite, 7-Cl-KYNA, which allows for high levels of this active metabolite at these specific sites. In turn, 7-Cl-KYNA selectively binds to and blocks the GlyB site within the NMDA receptors. This inhibits both NMDA-R overstimulation by the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate and NMDA-R-mediated excitotoxicity, which prevents neuronal damage and induces analgesia. In addition, another metabolite, 4-chloro-3-hydroxyanthranilic acid, inhibits the synthesis of quinolinic acid, an endogenous NMDA receptor agonist, thereby further preventing excitotoxic damage. Compared to conventional NMDA-R antagonists, NMDA-R GlyB-specific antagonists appear to have fewer side effects."]], ["Sobetirome", "CC1=CC(=CC(=C1CC2=CC(=C(C=C2)O)C(C)C)C)OCC(=O)O", ["Sobetirome is a diarylmethane.", "Sobetirome is a thyroid hormone receptor isoform beta-1 liver-selective analog with antilipidemic and antiatherosclerotic activity. In animal models sobetirome reduced serum lipids, decreased cholesterol levels, and stimulated steps of reverse cholesterol transport, which promotes the reverse transport of cholesterol from atherogenic macrophages back to the liver for excretion. In humans, sobetirome lowered plasma LDL cholesterol and reduced plasma triglycerides, while its liver-selective activity helped avoid the side effects seen with many other thyromimetic agents."]], ["Fabomotizole", "CCOC1=CC2=C(C=C1)N=C(N2)SCCN3CCOCC3", ["Fabomotizole is a member of benzimidazoles."]], ["2,4-Pentadienoic acid, 3-methyl-5-((1S,2S)-2-methyl-2-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-2-naphthalenyl)cyclopropyl)-, (2E,4E)-", "C/C(=C\\C(=O)O)/C=C/[C@@H]1C[C@]1(C)C2=CC3=C(C=C2)C(CCC3(C)C)(C)C", ["Nrx194204 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Parkinson's Disease and Non-small Cell Lung Cancer.", "Rexinoid NRX 194204 is an orally bioavailable synthetic retinoid X receptor (RXR) agonist with potential antineoplastic and anti-inflammatory activities. Rexinoid NRX 194204 selectively binds to and activates RXRs. Because RXRs can form heterodimers with several nuclear receptors (NRs), RXR activation by this agent may result in a broad range of gene expression depending on the effector DNA response elements activated. Rexinoid NRX 194204 may inhibit the tumor-necrosis factor (TNF)-mediated release of nitric oxide (NO) and interleukin 6 (IL6) and may inhibit tumor cell proliferation. This agent appears to be less toxic than RAR-selective ligands."]], ["Ripasudil", "C[C@H]1CNCCCN1S(=O)(=O)C2=CC=CC3=CN=CC(=C32)F", ["Ripasudil is a member of isoquinolines.", "Ripasudil, as hydrochloride hydrate (K-115), is a specifc Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase (ROCK) inhibitor used for the treatment of glaucoma and ocular hypertension. It was first approved for treatment in Japan in September 2014. This medication is available in the form of a 0.4% eye drop solution under the brand name Glanatec. Ripasudil is a well tolerated medication that is used when other drugs have been proven to be non-effective or cannot be administered."]], ["Ozenoxacin", "CC1=CC(=CN=C1NC)C2=C(C3=C(C=C2)C(=O)C(=CN3C4CC4)C(=O)O)C", ["Ozenoxacin is a member of quinolines.", "To date, ozenoxacin has been used in trials studying the treatment of impetigo.  As of December 11, 2017 the FDA approved Ferrer Internacional S.A.'s Xepi (ozenoxacin 1%) as a topically applied cream indicated for the treatment of impetigo caused by *Staphylococccus aureus* or *Streptococcus pyogenes* in adult and pediatric patients 2 months of age and older.  Despite being a common and highly contagious bacerial skin infection that affects millions of children and adults in the United States each year, ozenoxacin cream is a novel, non-fluorinated quinolone that has demonstrated safe and effective therapy in both the adult and pediatric population.", "Ozenoxacin is a Quinolone Antimicrobial."]], ["Elafibranor", "CC1=CC(=CC(=C1OC(C)(C)C(=O)O)C)/C=C/C(=O)C2=CC=C(C=C2)SC", ["Elafibranor (code name GFT505) is a multimodal and pluripotent medication for treatment of atherogenic dyslipidemia for an overweight patient with or without diabetes. It is an oral treatment that acts on the 3 sub-types of PPAR (PPARa, PPARg, PPARd) with a preferential action on PPARa. As of February 2016, elafibranor has completed 8 clinical trials and a phase III is in progress."]], ["(3S,5S)-5-(3-(Cyclopentyloxy)-4-methoxyphenyl)-3-(3-methylbenzyl)piperidin-2-one", "CC1=CC(=CC=C1)C[C@@H]2C[C@H](CNC2=O)C3=CC(=C(C=C3)OC)OC4CCCC4", ["BLX-028914 has been used in trials studying the treatment and basic science of Allergic Rhinitis and Age-Associated Memory Impairment (AAMI)."]], ["Loteprednol", "C[C@]12C[C@@H]([C@H]3[C@H]([C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(C(=O)OCCl)O)CCC4=CC(=O)C=C[C@]34C)O", ["Loteprednol is an 11beta-hydroxy steroid, a 17alpha-hydroxy steroid, an androstanoid, an organochlorine compound, a steroid acid ester and a 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid. It has a role as an antilipemic drug.", "Loteprednol is a Corticosteroid. The mechanism of action of loteprednol is as a Corticosteroid Hormone Receptor Agonist.", "An androstadiene derivative corticosteroid that is used as an ANTI-ALLERGIC AGENT for the treatment of inflammatory and allergic eye conditions."]], ["Mocetinostat", "C1=CC=C(C(=C1)N)NC(=O)C2=CC=C(C=C2)CNC3=NC=CC(=N3)C4=CN=CC=C4", ["N-(2-aminophenyl)-4-[[[4-(3-pyridinyl)-2-pyrimidinyl]amino]methyl]benzamide is a member of benzamides.", "Mocetinostat has been used in trials studying the treatment of Lymphoma, Urothelial Carcinoma, Relapsed and Refractory, Myelodysplastic Syndrome, and Metastatic Leiomyosarcoma, among others.", "Mocetinostat is a rationally designed, orally available, Class 1-selective, small molecule, 2-aminobenzamide HDAC inhibitor with potential antineoplastic activity. Mocetinostat binds to and inhibits Class 1 isoforms of HDAC, specifically HDAC 1, 2 and 3, which may result in epigenetic changes in tumor cells and so tumor cell death; although the exact mechanism has yet to be defined, tumor cell death may occur through the induction of apoptosis, differentiation, cell cycle arrest, inhibition of DNA repair, upregulation of tumor suppressors, down regulation of growth factors, oxidative stress, and autophagy, among others. Overexpression of Class I HDACs 1, 2 and 3 has been found in many tumors and has been correlated with a poor prognosis."]], ["Navarixin", "CC[C@H](C1=CC=C(O1)C)NC2=C(C(=O)C2=O)NC3=CC=CC(=C3O)C(=O)N(C)C", ["Navarixin is an orally available small molecule antagonist of the C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 1 (CXCR1; interleukin-8 receptor alpha; IL8RA) and 2 (CXCR2; interleukin-8 receptor beta; IL8RB), with potential immunomodulating and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, navarixin binds to and inhibits the activation of CXCR 1 and 2. This inhibits CXCR1/2-mediated signaling, reduces both recruitment and migration of immunosuppressive myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and neutrophils in the tumor microenvironment (TME), inhibits inflammatory processes and abrogates the immunosuppressive nature of the TME. This allows effector cells, such as natural killer (NK) cells and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLs), to kill and eliminate cancer cells. This inhibits tumor cell migration, metastasis, angiogenesis and tumor cell proliferation. CXCR 1 and 2, G protein-coupled receptor proteins located on myeloid cells and certain tumor cells, play key roles in the immunosuppressive nature of the TME, tumor metastasis, therapy-resistance, myeloid cell suppression, and inflammation."]], ["Unii-17van37K4Y", "CC#C[C@@]1(CC[C@@H]2[C@@]1(C[C@@H](C3=C4CCC(=O)C=C4CC[C@@H]23)C5=CC6=C(C=C5)OCO6)C)O", ["ORG-34517 is currently under  investigation by Organon for the treatment of depression. It has potential to treat a number of diseases such as Cushing\u2019s disease, hypertension, diabetes, glaucoma etc, in which the activity of metabolites corticosterone and cortisol is high."]], ["4-(4-Chloro-3-hydroxy-5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalene-2-carboxamido)-2,6-difluorobenzoic acid", "CC1(CCC(C2=C1C=C(C(=C2Cl)O)C(=O)NC3=CC(=C(C(=C3)F)C(=O)O)F)(C)C)C", ["RARalpha Agonist IRX5183 is an orally bioavailable retinoid acid receptor alpha (RARalpha) agonist and vitamin A derivative, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, RARalpha agonist IRX5183 binds to and activates RARalpha, which promotes RARalpha-mediated signaling. This results in the transcription of RARalpha-responsive genes, which are responsible for cellular differentiation and proliferation. This results in the induction of cellular differentiation and apoptosis, and leads to the inhibition of cellular proliferation and tumorigenesis. RARalpha is a nuclear receptor and a member of the steroid receptor superfamily; reduced RARalpha signaling is correlated with cancer development in a variety of cancer cell types."]], ["Remimazolam", "CC1=CN=C2N1C3=C(C=C(C=C3)Br)C(=N[C@H]2CCC(=O)OC)C4=CC=CC=N4", ["Remimazolam is an ultra short-acting benzodiazepine used in the induction and maintenance of sedation during short (<30 minute) procedures. Recent trends in anesthesia-related drug development have touted the benefits of so-called \"soft drugs\" - these agents, such as [remifentanil], are designed to be metabolically fragile and thus susceptible to rapid biotransformation and elimination as inactive metabolites. These \"soft drugs\" are useful in the context of surgical procedures, wherein a rapid onset/offset is desirable, enabling anesthesiologists to manipulate drug concentrations as needed. Remimazolam was the first \"soft\" benzodiazepine analog to be developed and was approved for use by the FDA in July 2020 under the brand name Byfavo.", "Remimazolam is a short-acting benzodiazepine derivative that is structurally related to midazolam, with sedative-hypnotic activity. Upon administration, remimazolam targets and binds to a specific site on the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-A-chloride ionophore receptor complex located on the neuronal membrane. Binding causes an allosteric modification of the receptor thereby enhancing the affinity of GABA to the receptor leading to an increase in the frequency of chloride-channel opening events, which leads to an increase in chloride ion conductance, neuronal hyperpolarization, inhibition of the action potential, and a decrease in neuronal excitability."]], ["Osi-930", "C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C(=CC=N2)CNC3=C(SC=C3)C(=O)NC4=CC=C(C=C4)OC(F)(F)F", ["3-(4-quinolinylmethylamino)-N-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-2-thiophenecarboxamide is an aromatic amide.", "OSI-930 is an orally active inhibitor of two clinically validated targets: c-Kit and the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2). OSI-930 is designed to target both cancer cell proliferation and blood vessel growth (angiogenesis) in selected tumors. In preclinical studies, OSI-930 shows broad efficacy in tumor models representative of small cell lung cancer, glioblastoma, colorectal, renal, head and neck, non-small cell lung cancer and gastric cancers.", "Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor OSI-930 is a selective thiophene-derived tyrosine kinase inhibitor with potential antineoplastic activity. Tyrosine kinase inhibitor OSI-930 inhibits stem cell factor receptor (c-Kit) and the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2), which may result in the inhibition of both tumor cell proliferation and tumor angiogenesis. Both c-Kit and VEGFR2 are overexpressed in a variety of cancers."]], ["Bederocin", "CC1=C(SC(=C1Br)C(=C)F)CNCCCNC2=CC(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3N2", ["REP8839 is a novel methionyl-tRNA synthetase (MetS) inhibitor being developed by Replidyne (GlaxoSmithKline licensed REP8839 to Replidyne in June of 2003)."]], ["Diazepinomicin", "CC(=CCC/C(=C/CC/C(=C/CN1C2=C(C(=CC(=C2)O)O)NC3=C(C1=O)C=CC=C3O)/C)/C)C", ["Diazepinomicin is a dibenzodiazepine with a farnesyl sidechain synthesized by Micromonospora sp.. It has a potent activity against a broad spectrum of tumor cell lines. It has a role as a cathepsin L (EC 3.4.22.15) inhibitor, an antioxidant and an antineoplastic agent. It is a dibenzodiazepine, a secondary amine, a farnesane sesquiterpenoid, a triol and an olefinic compound. It contains a 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl group.", "Diazepinomicin has been used in trials studying the treatment of Glioblastoma Multiforme. It is a proprietary first-in-class small molecule with the potential to treat multiple solid tumours like the well known chemotherapeutics, doxorubicin and mitomycin C. Diazepinomicin is a natural product derived from a non-pathogenic micro-organism. Discovered using Thallion\u2019s DECIPHER technology, diazepinomicin has completed preclinical studies conducted by the National Cancer Institute and Thallion to establish safety and efficacy in animal and in vitro models.", "Diazepinomicin is a natural product found in Micromonospora with data available.", "Diazepinomicin is a potent inhibitor of the RAS/RAF/MAPK signaling pathway with potential antineoplastic activity. Diazepinomicin binds to and inhibits Ras kinase, thereby preventing the phosphorylation and activation of proteins downstream of the Ras signal transduction pathway, including serine/threonine kinase RAF (BRAF) and extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1 and ERK-2), that play a crucial role in regulating cell growth and survival. Diazepinomicin also selectively binds to the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor (BZRP), a receptor highly expressed in certain cancer cells, thus inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in BZRP-expressing cells. In addition, diazepinomicin is able to cross the blood-brain barrier, thereby reaching therapeutic concentrations in the brain."]], ["1-(2,4-dichlorobenzyl)-2-methyl-N-(pentylsulfonyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-6-carboxamide", "CCCCCS(=O)(=O)NC(=O)C1=CC2=C(C=C1)N=C(N2CC3=C(C=C(C=C3)Cl)Cl)C", ["FK614 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Diabetes Mellitus."]], ["Sograzepide", "CC(C)(C)C(=O)CN1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=N[C@H](C1=O)NC(=O)NC3=CC=CC(=C3)NC)C4=CC=CC=N4", ["Netazepide has been used in trials studying the prevention and treatment of Dyspepsia, Hypergastrinaemia, Barrett's Esophagus, ECL-cell Hyperplasia, and Rebound Hyperacidity, among others.", "Netazepide is an orally active, benzodiazepine type, selective cholecystokinin B receptor (CCKBR; CCK2R; gastrin receptor) antagonist with potential gastric acid reducing and antiproliferative activity. Upon administration, netazepide, selectively binds to and blocks the CCKBR, thereby preventing the binding of gastrin and cholecystokinin. This may prevent gastric neuroendocrine enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cell-induced secretion of histamine, ultimately preventing gastric acid secretion from adjacent parietal cells. In addition, YF476 may inhibit ECL cell proliferation and ECL-derived gastric carcinoids."]], ["Fimasartan", "CCCCC1=NC(=C(C(=O)N1CC2=CC=C(C=C2)C3=CC=CC=C3C4=NNN=N4)CC(=S)N(C)C)C", ["Fimasartan is a member of biphenyls.", "Fimasartan is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist (ARB) drug employed in the treatment of both hypertension and heart failure. It has been found to be safe when administered with hydrochlorothiazide (a diuretic) in clinical trials. Fimasartan was initially approved September 9th, 2010 in South Korea and is marketed under the brand name Kanarb by Boryung Pharmaceuticals."]], ["Telatinib mesylate", "CNC(=O)C1=NC=CC(=C1)COC2=NN=C(C3=C2OC=C3)NC4=CC=C(C=C4)Cl.CS(=O)(=O)O", ["Telatinib Mesylate is the orally bioavailable mesylate salt of the 17-allylaminogeldanamycin (17-AAG) small-molecule inhibitor of several receptor protein tyrosine kinases with potential antiangiogenic and antineoplastic activities. Telatinib binds to and inhibits the vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFRs) type 2 and 3, platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFRb) and c-Kit, which may result in the inhibition of angiogenesis and cellular proliferation in tumors in which these receptors are upregulated. These telatinib-inhibited receptor protein tyrosine kinases are overexpressed or mutated in many tumor cell types and may play key roles in tumor angiogenesis and tumor cell proliferation. 17-AAG is a synthetic analogue of the benzoquinone ansamycin antibiotic geldanamycin and has also been found to inhibit the molecular chaperone Hsp90."]], ["Cefditoren", "CC1=C(SC=N1)/C=C\\C2=C(N3[C@@H]([C@@H](C3=O)NC(=O)/C(=N\\OC)/C4=CSC(=N4)N)SC2)C(=O)O", ["Cefditoren is a broad spectrum, third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with (Z)-2-(4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)ethenyl and (2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. Generally administered as its orally absorbed pivaloyloxymethyl ester prodrug, it is used for the treatment of mild to moderate infections caused by susceptible strains of microorganisms in acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, community-acquired pneumonia, pharyngitis/tonsillitis, and uncomplicated skin and skin-structure infections. It has a role as an antibacterial drug. It is a cephalosporin and a carboxylic acid.", "Cefditoren is an oral third-generation cephalosporin. It is commonly marketed under the trade name Spectracef by Cornerstone BioPharma.", "Cefditoren is a Cephalosporin Antibacterial.", "Cefditoren is a semisynthetic, broad-spectrum, beta-lactamase-resistant, third-generation cephalosporin with antibacterial activity. Cefditoren binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall. PBPs are enzymes involved in the terminal stages of assembling the bacterial cell wall and in reshaping the cell wall during growth and division. Inactivation of PBPs interferes with the cross-linkage of peptidoglycan chains necessary for bacterial cell wall strength and rigidity. This results in the weakening of the bacterial cell wall and causes cell lysis."]], ["Talmapimod", "C[C@@H]1CN([C@H](CN1C(=O)C2=C(C=C3C(=C2)C(=CN3C)C(=O)C(=O)N(C)C)Cl)C)CC4=CC=C(C=C4)F", ["Talmapimod is an indolecarboxamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 6-chloro-3-[(dimethylamino)(oxo)acetyl]-1-methylindole-5-carboxylic acid with the secondary amino group of (2S,5R)-1-[(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]-2,5-dimethylpiperazine. It is a potent inhibitor of MAPK and exhibits anti-cancer properties. It has a role as an EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor, an apoptosis inducer and an antineoplastic agent. It is a N-acylpiperazine, a N-alkylpiperazine, an aromatic amide, a member of monofluorobenzenes, a chloroindole, an indolecarboxamide, a dicarboxylic acid diamide and an aromatic ketone.", "Talmapimod is the first-generation oral p38 MAP kinase inhibitor developed by Scios. It has shown to be effective to cure inflammatory diseases such as Rheumatoid Arthritis.", "Talmapimod is an orally bioavailable, small-molecule, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitor with potential immunomodulating, anti-inflammatory, and antineoplastic activities. Talmapimod specifically binds to and inhibits the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, which may result in the induction of tumor cell apoptosis, the inhibition of tumor cell proliferation, and the inhibition of tumor angiogenesis. This agent may also enhance proteasome inhibitor-induced apoptosis. p38 MAPK is a serine/threonine protein kinase involved in a MAPK signaling cascade that controls cellular responses to various environmental stresses, cytokines, and endotoxins."]], ["Remogliflozin etabonate", "CCOC(=O)OC[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O1)OC2=NN(C(=C2CC3=CC=C(C=C3)OC(C)C)C)C(C)C)O)O)O", ["Remogliflozin etabonate is a glycoside.", "Remogliflozin etabonate has been used in trials studying the treatment and basic science of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2.", "Remogliflozin Etabonate is an orally available prodrug of remogliflozin, a benzylpyrazole glucoside-based inhibitor of renal sodium-glucose co-transporter subtype 2 (SGLT2) with antihyperglycemic activity. Upon administration and absorption, the inactive prodrug is converted to its active form remogliflozin and acts selectively on the sodium-glucose co-transporter subtype 2 (SGLT2)."]], ["L-Proline, 4-cyclohexyl-1-[2-[(R)-[(1S)-2-methyl-1-(1-oxopropoxy)propoxy](4-phenylbutyl)phosphinyl]acetyl]-, (4S)-", "CCC(=O)OC(C(C)C)OP(=O)(CCCCC1=CC=CC=C1)CC(=O)N2C[C@H](C[C@H]2C(=O)O)C3CCCCC3", ["Fosinopril is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor used in the therapy of hypertension and heart failure. Fosinopril is associated with a low rate of transient serum aminotransferase elevations during therapy and has been linked to rare instances of acute liver injury.", "Fosinopril is a phosphinic acid-containing angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor with antihypertensive activity. As an ester prodrug, fosinopril is hydrolysed by esterases to its active metabolite fosinoprilat. Fosinoprilat specifically and competitively inhibits angiotensin-converting enzyme thereby decreasing the formation of the potent vasoconstrictor angiotensin II, resulting in diminished vasopressor activity. In addition, angiotensin II-mediated aldosterone secretion by adrenal cortex is decreased, which results in a decrease of sodium retention and an increase in water outflow.", "A phosphinic acid-containing angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor that is effective in the treatment of hypertension. It is a prodrug that is converted to its active metabolite fosinoprilat."]], ["Carotegrast methyl", "CN1C2=C(C=C(C=C2)N(C)C)C(=O)N(C1=O)C3=CC=C(C=C3)C[C@@H](C(=O)OC)NC(=O)C4=C(C=CC=C4Cl)Cl", ["Carotegrast methyl is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03531892 (A Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of AJM300 in Participants With Active Ulcerative Colitis)."]], ["Dihydrocapsiate", "CC(C)CCCCCCC(=O)OCC1=CC(=C(C=C1)O)OC", ["Dihydrocapsiate is a member of methoxybenzenes and a member of phenols.", "Dihydrocapsiate is under investigation in clinical trial NCT00999297 (Effect of 4-week Dihydrocapsiate Ingestion on Resting Metabolic Rate)."]], ["Lapaquistat acetate", "CC(=O)OCC(C)(C)CN1C2=C(C=C(C=C2)Cl)[C@H](O[C@@H](C1=O)CC(=O)N3CCC(CC3)CC(=O)O)C4=C(C(=CC=C4)OC)OC", ["TAK-475 is a \"squalene synthase inhibitor\", a type of cholesterol-lowering drug that has not yet been brought to market.", "Lapaquistat Acetate is an acetate salt form of lapaquistat, a squalene synthase inhibitor investigated for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia."]], ["Berubicin hydrochloride", "C[C@H]1[C@H]([C@H](C[C@@H](O1)O[C@H]2C[C@@](CC3=C2C(=C4C(=C3O)C(=O)C5=C(C4=O)C(=CC=C5)OC)O)(C(=O)CO)O)N)OCC6=CC=CC=C6.Cl", ["RTA 744 is a novel anthracycline derivative that crosses the blood-brain barrier and shows significant potential for the treatment of primary and metastatic brain cancers. Anthracyclines are one of the most broadly used and effective classes of cancer therapies; however, they are not used to treat brain cancers because current therapies do not cross the blood-brain barrier.", "Berubicin Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt of the anthracycline derivative berubicin with potential antineoplastic activity. Berubicin intercalates into DNA and interrupts topoisomerase II activity, resulting in the inhibition of DNA replication and repair, and RNA and protein synthesis. Unlike other anthracycline derivatives, this agent crosses the blood-brain barrier (BBB)."]], ["Berubicin", "C[C@H]1[C@H]([C@H](C[C@@H](O1)O[C@H]2C[C@@](CC3=C2C(=C4C(=C3O)C(=O)C5=C(C4=O)C(=CC=C5)OC)O)(C(=O)CO)O)N)OCC6=CC=CC=C6", ["Berubicin is a 4'-O-benzylated analogue of the anthracycline derivative doxorubicin, with potential antineoplastic activity. Berubicin intercalates into DNA and interrupts topoisomerase II activity, resulting in the inhibition of DNA replication and repair, as well as RNA and protein synthesis. Unlike other anthracycline derivatives, this agent crosses the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and can circumvent P glycoprotein/MRP1-mediated efflux."]], ["TAS-108 citrate", "CCN(CC)CC1=CC(=C(C=C1)OCC[C@H]2CC[C@@H]3[C@@]2(CC[C@H]4[C@H]3[C@@H](CC5=C4C=CC(=C5)O)C)C)OC.C(C(=O)O)C(CC(=O)O)(C(=O)O)O", ["Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator TAS-108 is a synthetic, antiestrogenic steroidal compound with potential antitumor activity. TAS-108 binds to and inhibits estrogenic receptor alpha (ERa), mainly expressed in the mammary gland and uterus and upregulated in estrogen-dependent tumors. Blockage of ERa by TAS-108 prevents the binding and effects of estrogen and may lead to an inhibition of estrogen-dependent cancer cell proliferation. TAS-108 also is a partial agonist of the estrogenic receptor beta (ERb), expressed in many tissues including the central nervous system, urogenital tract, bone and cardiovascular system, thereby exerting a positive effect on these tissues. In addition, TAS-108 activates the co-repressor Silencing Mediator for Retinoid and Thyroid hormone receptor (SMRT), a protein that inhibits the activities of the estrogen receptors, which may contribute to the antitumor activity of TAS-108."]], ["2-Methoxy-N-[(2E)-3-[4-[[3-methyl-4-[(6-methyl-3-pyridinyl)oxy]phenyl]amino]-6-quinazolinyl]-2-propen-1-yl]acetamide", "CC1=NC=C(C=C1)OC2=C(C=C(C=C2)NC3=NC=NC4=C3C=C(C=C4)/C=C/CNC(=O)COC)C", ["CP-724714 is a 2-methoxy-N-[3-[4-[3-methyl-4-[(6-methyl-3-pyridinyl)oxy]anilino]-6-quinazolinyl]prop-2-enyl]acetamide in which the double bond adopts a trans-configuration. It is a potent inhibitor of HER2/ErbB2 (IC50 = 10 nM) and exhibits anti-cancer activity. It has a role as an EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor, an antineoplastic agent, an apoptosis inducer and a hepatotoxic agent.", "CP-724,714 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Breast Cancer, Breast Neoplasms, and Neoplasm Metastasis.", "HER2 Inhibitor CP-724,714 is an orally bioavailable quinazoline with potential antineoplastic activity.  CP-724,714 selectively binds to the intracellular domain of HER2, reversibly inhibiting its tyrosine kinase activity and resulting in suppression of tumor cell growth.  HER2, a member of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family, is overexpressed in many adenocarcinomas, particularly breast cancers. (NCI04)"]], ["Denufosol", "C1[C@@H]([C@H](O[C@H]1N2C=CC(=NC2=O)N)COP(=O)(O)OP(=O)(O)OP(=O)(O)OP(=O)(O)OC[C@@H]3[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O3)N4C=CC(=O)NC4=O)O)O)O", ["Denufosol was an inhaled drug used for the treatment of cystic fibrosis (CF), showing various improvements in lung function during a phase III clinical trial.  A new drug application (NDA) was filed with the FDA in 2011, however, the second phase III clinical trial showed a lack of improvement in lung function for cystic fibrosis patients taking denufosol.  The drug was also evaluated in the treatment of retinal detachment and other diseases of the retina.  Denufosol has not gained FDA approval, and clinical trials with this drug have ceased since 2011."]], ["Canosimibe", "COC1=CC=C(C=C1)[C@@H]2[C@H](C(=O)N2C3=CC=C(C=C3)CNC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC(=O)NC[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](CO)O)O)O)O)CC[C@@H](C4=CC=C(C=C4)F)O", ["Canosimibe is a derivative of the cholesterol absorption inhibitor ezetimibe designed to be non-soluble and target the luminal surface of the GI tract. In Phase II trials canosimibe reduced LDL cholesterol levels, but it did not demonstrate the desired efficacy in a Phase III study, and was discontinued."]], ["Nepadutant", "CC(C)C[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@H]2CC(=O)NC[C@@H](C(=O)N1)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC2=O)CC3=CNC4=CC=CC=C43)CC5=CC=CC=C5)CC(=O)N[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)NC(=O)C", ["Nepadutant has been used in trials studying the treatment of Colic, Infantile Colic, and Infantile Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders."]], ["2-(3,4-Difluorophenoxy)-5-fluoro-N-(cis-4-((2-hydroxy-5-methylbenzoyl)amino)cyclohexyl)nicotinamide", "CC1=CC(=C(C=C1)O)C(=O)NC2CCC(CC2)NC(=O)C3=C(N=CC(=C3)F)OC4=CC(=C(C=C4)F)F", ["UK-500,001 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive."]], ["Amphocil", "C[C@H]1/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/[C@@H](C[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H](C[C@](O2)(C[C@H](C[C@H]([C@@H](CC[C@H](C[C@H](CC(=O)O[C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H]1O)C)C)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)C(=O)O)O[C@H]3[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O3)C)O)N)O.C[C@H](CCCC(C)C)[C@H]1CC[C@@H]2[C@@]1(CC[C@H]3[C@H]2CC=C4[C@@]3(CC[C@@H](C4)OS(=O)(=O)O)C)C", ["Macrolide antifungal antibiotic produced by Streptomyces nodosus obtained from soil of the Orinoco river region of Venezuela."]], ["Bleomycin A6", "CC1=C(N=C(N=C1N)[C@H](CC(=O)N)NC[C@@H](C(=O)N)N)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@H](C2=CN=CN2)O[C@H]3[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](O3)CO)O)O)O[C@@H]4[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O4)CO)O)OC(=O)N)O)C(=O)N[C@H](C)[C@H]([C@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)NCCC5=NC(=CS5)C6=NC(=CS6)C(=O)NCCCNCCCCNCCCN)O", ["Bleomycin A6 (also known as boanmycin) has been used in trials studying the treatment of Squamous Cell Lung Cancer. It was developed in China as an antineoplastic antibiotic. This drug participated in clinical trials for the treatment of Squamous Cell Lung Cancer. It was shown that besides the antitumor effect, Bleomycin A6 had the ability to alter the tumor microenvironment and could contribute toward lung cancer relapse and metastasis on long-term treatment. The development of this drug, apparently, was discontinued.", "Bleomycin A6 is a natural product found in Streptomyces verticillus with data available."]], ["Radium-226", "[226Ra]", ["Radium-226 is an organic molecular entity."]], ["Tedatioxetine", "CC1=CC=C(C=C1)SC2=CC=CC=C2C3CCNCC3", ["Tedatioxetine is a member of piperidines.", "Tedatioxetine has been used in trials studying the treatment of Major Depressive Disorder."]], ["Eslicarbazepine", "C1[C@@H](C2=CC=CC=C2N(C3=CC=CC=C31)C(=O)N)O", ["(S)-MHD is a dibenzooxazepine.", "Eslicarbazepine is an anti-epileptic medication available commercially as [eslicarbazepine acetate].", "The mechanism of action of eslicarbazepine is as a Cytochrome P450 3A4 Inducer, and Cytochrome P450 2C19 Inhibitor. The physiologic effect of eslicarbazepine is by means of Decreased Central Nervous System Disorganized Electrical Activity.", "Eslicarbazepine is an aromatic anticonvulsant similar to oxcarbazepine that is used in combination with other antiepileptic agents as therapy of partial onset seizures. Eslicarbazepine is associated with a low rate of transient serum enzyme elevations during therapy and has been implicated in rare instances of clinically apparent liver injury."]], ["5alpha-Pregnan-3alpha-ol-20-one", "CC(=O)[C@H]1CCC2[C@@]1(CCC3C2CC[C@@H]4[C@@]3(CC[C@H](C4)O)C)C", ["A pregnane found in the urine of pregnant women and sows. It has anesthetic, hypnotic, and sedative properties."]], ["2-[(2,6-Dichloro-3-methylphenyl)amino]benzoic acid sodium salt monohydrate", "CC1=C(C(=C(C=C1)Cl)NC2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)O)Cl.[Na]", ["A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent with antipyretic and antigranulation activities. It also inhibits prostaglandin biosynthesis."]], ["Promestriene", "CCCOC1=CC2=C(C=C1)[C@H]3CC[C@]4([C@H]([C@@H]3CC2)CC[C@@H]4OC)C", ["Promestriene is a steroid. It derives from a hydride of an estrane.", "Promestriene (3-propyl ethyl, 17B-methyl estradiol) has been used in trials studying the prevention of Hypospadias. It is a synthetic estrogen analog, which is used in topical estrogen therapy. Promestriene\u2019s potential for treating vaginal atrophy symptoms associated with aromatase inhibitor treatment would be precluded if its minimal absorption leads to estrogen-like effects on cell proliferation and estrogen-responsive gene expression. The concern with absorbed vaginal estrogens or estrogen analogs is that they activate occult sites of residual breast cancer or negate the tumor suppressive effects of aromatase inhibitor adjuvant therapy. Promestriene has been studied in phase IV of the clinical trial on improvement of hormonal cytology, local and systemic climacteric complaints, as well as its endometrial security in patients with vaginitis atrophic pelvic; organ prolapse and endometrial hyperplasia. It has been also studied in phase III of the clinical trial in the post-operative patients with hypospadias. In addition, promestriene was in phase IV of the clinical trial to study its treatment of patients with vaginosis, bacterial, but that studied was terminated.", "Promestriene is a 3-propyl and 17b-methyl ether of estradiol that may be used vaginally to relieve vaginal atrophy and its associated symptoms. Upon intravaginal administration, promestriene acts on the vaginal mucosa and may decrease vaginal atrophy and its associated symptoms, such as vaginal dryness and itching."]], ["Gabapentin enacarbil", "CC(C)C(=O)OC(C)OC(=O)NCC1(CCCCC1)CC(=O)O", ["Gabapentin enacarbil is a carbamate ester that is the N-[1-(isobutyryloxy)ethoxy]carbonyl derivative of [1-(aminomethyl)cyclohexyl]acetic acid. The prodrug for gabapentin, used for treatment of neuropathic pain and restless legs syndrome. It has a role as a prodrug, an anticonvulsant and a calcium channel blocker. It is a monocarboxylic acid, a carbamate ester, a carboxylic ester and an acetal. It is functionally related to a gamma-aminobutyric acid and a gabapentin.", "Gabapentin enacarbil is marketed under the name Horizant. It is a prodrug of gabapentin, and indicated in adults for the treatment of Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) and postherpetic neuralgia (PHN)."]], ["Ventolin", "CC(C)(C)NCC(C1=CC(=C(C=C1)O)CO)O.OS(=O)(=O)O", ["A short-acting beta-2 adrenergic agonist that is primarily used as a bronchodilator agent to treat ASTHMA. Albuterol is prepared as a racemic mixture of R(-) and S(+) stereoisomers. The stereospecific preparation of R(-) isomer of albuterol is referred to as levalbuterol."]], ["Pexacerfont", "CC[C@@H](C)NC1=NC(=NC2=C(C(=NN21)C)C3=C(N=C(C=C3)OC)C)C", ["Pexacerfont is a pyrazolopyridine.", "Pexacerfont has been investigated for the treatment of Alcoholism, Anxiety Disorder, Alcohol Dependence, and Alcohol-Related Disorders."]], ["Azurite", "C(=O)([O-])[O-].C(=O)([O-])[O-].[OH-].[OH-].[Cu+2].[Cu+2].[Cu+2]", ["Azurite is a mineral with formula of Cu2+3(CO3)2(OH)2 or Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2. The IMA symbol is Azu."]], ["3-Dimethylaminomethyl-4-(4-methylsulfanyl-phenoxy)-benzenesulfonamide", "CN(C)CC1=C(C=CC(=C1)S(=O)(=O)N)OC2=CC=C(C=C2)SC", ["UK-390,957 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Ejaculation."]], ["Dimdazenil", "CN1CC2=C(N=CN2C3=C(C1=O)C(=CC=C3)Cl)C4=NOC(=N4)CN(C)C", ["EVT 201 is a novel partial positive allosteric modulator of the GABAA receptor complex which is being developed as a treatment for insomnia. It is being developed by Evotec Inc."]], ["Q2L4XU3YX6", "C[C@H](CN(C)C)NC(=O)C1=C2C(=CC=C1)N=C3C=CC4=C(C3=N2)C=CC=C4OC", ["XR11576 (MLN576) is a novel monophenazine with a mechanism of action that includes interaction with both topoisomerase (Topo) I and II."]], ["Varespladib methyl", "CCC1=C(C2=C(N1CC3=CC=CC=C3)C=CC=C2OCC(=O)OC)C(=O)C(=O)N", ["Varespladib methyl is a methyl ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of varespladib with methanol. It is a potential therapy for the treatment of snakebite envenomings in which toxicity depends on the action of PLA2s. It has a role as a prodrug, an anti-inflammatory drug, an antidote and an EC 3.1.1.4 (phospholipase A2) inhibitor. It is a methyl ester, an aromatic ether, a member of benzenes, a member of indoles and a primary carboxamide. It is functionally related to a varespladib.", "Varespladib methyl has been investigated for the treatment of Acute Coronary Syndrome. Studies showed that Varespladib methyl treatment resulted in significant positive changes on lipoproteins and inflammation."]], ["Denagliptin", "C1[C@@H](CN([C@@H]1C#N)C(=O)[C@H](C(C2=CC=C(C=C2)F)C3=CC=C(C=C3)F)N)F", ["Denagliptin is under investigation in clinical trial NCT00387972 (Study of Denagliptin in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)).", "Denagliptin is a potent, selective, orally bioavailable, fluoropyrrolidine-based inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4), with hypoglycemic activity."]], ["Solabegron", "C1=CC(=CC(=C1)C(=O)O)C2=CC(=CC=C2)NCCNC[C@@H](C3=CC(=CC=C3)Cl)O", ["Solabegron is a carboxybiphenyl that is [biphenyl]-3-carboxylic acid carrying a (2-{[(2R)-2-(3-chlorophenyl)-2-hydroxyethyl]amino}ethyl)nitrilo group at the 3' position. A selective beta3-adrenergic receptor agonist currently in clinical development for the treatment of overactive bladder and irritable bowel syndrome. It has a role as a beta-adrenergic agonist. It is a secondary alcohol, a substituted aniline, a member of monochlorobenzenes, a secondary amino compound and a carboxybiphenyl.", "Solabegron (GW-427,353) is a selective \u03b23 adrenoceptor agonist being developed for the treatment of overactive bladder and irritable bowel syndrome."]], ["Naveglitazar", "CO[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(C=C1)OCCCOC2=CC=C(C=C2)OC3=CC=CC=C3)C(=O)O", ["Naveglitazar is an aromatic ether.", "Naveglitazar has been used in trials studying the treatment of Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent.", "Naveglitazar is a dual peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) agonist, with hypoglycemic activity. Naveglitazar binds with higher affinity to PPARgamma than to PPARalpha. Naveglitazar and its metabolites are primarily eliminated via biliary excretion."]], ["1-(5-Fluoropentyl)-3-(2-iodobenzoyl)indole", "C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C(=CN2CCCCCF)C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3I", ["1-(5-fluoropentyl)-3-(2-iodobenzoyl)indole is a member of the class of indoles that is 1H-indole which is substituted at position 1 by a 5-fluoropentyl group and a position 3 by an o-fluorobenzoyl group. It is a selective agonist for the CB1 cannabinoid receptor; Ki values for the CB1 and CB2 receptors are 0.08 and 1.44 nM, respectively. It has a role as a cannabinoid receptor agonist. It is a member of indoles, an aromatic ketone, an organoiodine compound, an organofluorine compound and a synthetic cannabinoid."]], ["Balaglitazone", "CN1C(=NC2=CC=CC=C2C1=O)COC3=CC=C(C=C3)CC4C(=O)NC(=O)S4", ["Balaglitazone has been used in trials studying the treatment of Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2.", "Balaglitazone is a thiazolidinedione derivative with antihyperglycemic activity. Balaglitazone exerts partial peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma agonistic activity and appears to be associated with fewer side effects as compared to full PPAR gamma agonists."]], ["Mibampator", "C[C@@H](CNS(=O)(=O)C(C)C)C1=CC=C(C=C1)C2=CC=C(C=C2)CCNS(=O)(=O)C", ["Mibampator has been used in trials studying the treatment of Alzheimer's Disease."]], ["Evatanepag", "CC(C)(C)C1=CC=C(C=C1)CN(CC2=CC(=CC=C2)OCC(=O)O)S(=O)(=O)C3=CN=CC=C3", ["Evatanepag is a monocarboxylic acid.", "Evatanepag has been used in trials studying the treatment of Tibial Fractures."]], ["Imiglitazar", "CC1=C(N=C(O1)C2=CC=CC=C2)COC3=CC=C(C=C3)CO/N=C(\\CCC(=O)O)/C4=CC=CC=C4", ["Imiglitazar has been used in trials studying the treatment of Diabetes Mellitus.", "Imiglitazar is a dual peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) alpha and gamma agonist, with hypoglycemic activity. Imiglitazar causes hepatotoxicity, and has never been marketed."]], ["Tebipenem pivoxil", "C[C@@H]1[C@@H]2[C@H](C(=O)N2C(=C1SC3CN(C3)C4=NCCS4)C(=O)OCOC(=O)C(C)(C)C)[C@@H](C)O", ["Tebipenem pivoxil is a member of carbapenems and a pivaloyloxymethyl ester.", "Tebipenem Pivoxil is an orally available pivaloyloxymethyl ester prodrug of tebipenem, a broad-spectrum 1-beta-methylcarbapenem antibiotic with a 1-(1,3-thiazolin-2-yl) azetidin-3-ylthio group at the C-2 position. After oral administration of tebipenem pivoxil, the ester bond is cleaved, releasing active tebipenem."]], ["Milveterol", "C1=CC=C(C=C1)[C@H](CNC2=CC=C(C=C2)CCNC[C@@H](C3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)NC=O)O)O", ["GSK159797 ('797) is an inhaled, longer-acting Beta2 agonist developed for the treatment of respiratory disease such as asthma and COPD."]], ["1-(3-(4-(3-Chlorophenyl)-1-piperazinyl)propyl)-5-methoxy-3,4-dihydro-2-quinolinone", "COC1=CC=CC2=C1CCC(=O)N2CCCN3CCN(CC3)C4=CC(=CC=C4)Cl", ["OPC-14523 is an antidepressant drug developed by Otsuka America Pharmaceutical."]], ["Tipepidine hibenzate", "CN1CCCC(=C(C2=CC=CS2)C3=CC=CS3)C1.C1=CC=C(C(=C1)C(=O)C2=CC=C(C=C2)O)C(=O)O", ["Tipepidine hibenzate is a member of benzophenones."]], ["Piperazine, 1-acetyl-4-(2-((4-((6-chloro-1,3-dioxolo(4,5-b)pyridin-7-yl)amino)-5-(1-methylethoxy)-7-quinazolinyl)oxy)ethyl)-", "CC(C)OC1=CC(=CC2=C1C(=NC=N2)NC3=C4C(=NC=C3Cl)OCO4)OCCN5CCN(CC5)C(=O)C", ["AZD0424 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Advanced Solid Tumours.", "Src/Abl Kinase Inhibitor AZD0424 is an orally bioavailable small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor that targets both Abl and Src kinases with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, AZD0424 selectively inhibits both Src and Abl kinase activity which may result in the inhibition of tumor growth in susceptible tumor cells. Src and Abl kinases are upregulated in certain tumor cells and play important roles in tumor cell proliferation and metastasis."]], ["Tipelukast", "CCCC1=C(C=CC(=C1OCCCC(=O)O)C(=O)C)OCCCSC2=C(C(=C(C=C2)C(=O)C)O)CCC", ["Tipelukast is an aromatic ketone.", "Tipelukast is under investigation for the treatment of IPF and Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis."]], ["17-Aminogeldanamycin", "C[C@H]1C[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](/C=C(/[C@@H]([C@H](/C=C\\C=C(\\C(=O)NC2=CC(=O)C(=C(C1)C2=O)N)/C)OC)OC(=O)N)\\C)C)O)OC", ["IPI-493 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Advanced Malignancies.", "Oral Hsp90 Inhibitor IPI-493 is an orally bioavailable formulation of the ansamycin derivative 17-amino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-AG) with potential antineoplastic activity. Oral Hsp90 inhibitor IPI-493 binds to and inhibits Hsp90, which may result the in growth inhibition in sensitive tumor cell populations. Hsp90, a 90 kDa molecular chaperone, may be highly expressed in tumor cells, playing a key role in the conformational maturation, stability and function of other substrate or \"client\" proteins within the cell; many of these client proteins are involved in signal transduction, cell cycle regulation and apoptosis, and may include kinases, transcription factors and hormone receptors."]], ["Combretastatin", "COC1=C(C=C(C=C1)C[C@H](C2=CC(=C(C(=C2)OC)OC)OC)O)O", ["Combretastatin has been investigated for the treatment of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer.", "Combretastatin is a natural product found in Combretum caffrum with data available.", "Combretastatin is a stilbenoid phenol, originally isolated from the bark of the African bush willow tree Combretum caffrum, with vascular disrupting and antineoplastic activities. Combretastatin targets and binds to the colchicine-binding site of tubulin, thereby impairs the polymerization of tubulin dimers and prevents the formation of microtubules in the endothelial cells of tumor. As a result, this may eventually lead to a destruction of the tumor vasculature, disruption of tumor blood flow and tumor cell necrosis."]], ["Tofimilast", "CCC1=NN(C2=C1CCN3C2=NN=C3C4=CC=CS4)C5CCCC5", ["Tofimilast is a triazolopyridine.", "Tofimilast has been used in trials studying the treatment of Asthma and Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive."]], ["N-Acetylcochinol-O-phosphate", "CC(=O)N[C@H]1CCC2=CC(=C(C(=C2C3=C1C=C(C=C3)OP(=O)(O)O)OC)OC)OC", ["ZD6126 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Kidney Neoplasms, Colorectal Neoplasms, Metastases, Neoplasm, and Carcinoma, Renal Cell.", "Vascular Disrupting Agent ZD6126 is a water-soluble phosphate prodrug of N-acetylcolchinol with potential antiangiogenesis and antineoplastic activities. ZD-6126 is converted in vivo into N-acetylcolchinol. N-acetylcolchinol binds to and destabilizes the tubulin cytoskeleton of endothelial cells in tumor blood vessels, which may result in tumor endothelial cell apoptosis, the selective occlusion of tumor blood vessels, cessation of tumor blood flow, and tumor necrosis."]], ["18b-Glycyrrhetic acid", "C[C@]12CC[C@](C[C@H]1C3=CC(=O)[C@@H]4[C@]5(CC[C@@H](C(C5CC[C@]4([C@@]3(CC2)C)C)(C)C)O)C)(C)C(=O)O", ["An oleanolic acid from GLYCYRRHIZA that has some antiallergic, antibacterial, and antiviral properties. It is used topically for allergic or infectious skin inflammation and orally for its aldosterone effects in electrolyte regulation."]], ["Ginsenoside rb1", "CC(=CCC[C@@](C)([C@H]1CC[C@@]2([C@@H]1[C@@H](C[C@H]3[C@]2(CC[C@@H]4[C@@]3(CC[C@@H](C4(C)C)O[C@H]5[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O5)CO)O)O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O)C)C)O)C)O[C@H]7[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O7)CO[C@H]8[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O8)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O)C", ["Ginsenoside Rb1 is a ginsenoside found in Panax ginseng and Panax japonicus var. major that is ginsenoside Rd in which the beta-D-glucopyranoside group at position 20 is replaced by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside group. It has a role as a neuroprotective agent, an anti-obesity agent, an anti-inflammatory drug, an apoptosis inhibitor, a radical scavenger and a plant metabolite. It is a ginsenoside, a glycoside and a tetracyclic triterpenoid. It is functionally related to a ginsenoside Rd.", "Ginsenosides are a class of steroid glycosides, and triterpene saponins, found exclusively in the plant genus Panax (ginseng). Ginsenosides have been the target of research, as they are viewed as the active compounds behind the claims of ginseng's efficacy. Because ginsenosides appear to affect multiple pathways, their effects are complex and difficult to isolate. Rb1 appears to be most abundant in Panax quinquefolius (American Ginseng). Rb1 seems to affect the reproductive system in animal testicles. Recent research shows that Rb1 affects rat embryo development and has teratogenic effects, causing birth defects. Another study shows that Rb1 may increase testosterone production in male rats indirectly through the stimulation of the luteinizing hormone.", "Ginsenoside rb1 is a natural product found in Panax vietnamensis, Gynostemma pentaphyllum, and other organisms with data available."]], ["Depreotide", "CC(C)[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N([C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N1)CCCCN)CC2=CNC3=CC=CC=C32)CC4=CC=C(C=C4)O)CC5=CC=CC=C5)C)CCSCC(=O)NC[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N)N", ["Depreotide is an oligopeptide.", "Depreotide is an ingredient in the EMA-withdrawn product NeoSpect."]], ["Edonerpic", "C1C(CN1CCCOCCC2=CC3=C(C=C2)SC=C3)O", ["Edonerpic is a neurotrophic agent intended for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease which is under phase I clinical trial."]], ["5-Chloro-2-methyl-2,3,3a,12b-tetrahydrodibenzo[2,3:6,7]oxepino[4,5-c]pyrrole", "CN1CC2C(C1)C3=C(C=CC(=C3)Cl)OC4=CC=CC=C24", ["5-chloro-2-methyl-2,3,3a,12b-tetrahydrodibenzo[2,3:6,7]oxepino[4,5-c]pyrrole is an organic heterotetracyclic compound that is 2,3,3a,12b-tetrahydrodibenzo[2,3:6,7]oxepino[4,5-c]pyrrole bearing methyl and chloro substituents at positions 2 and 5 respectively. It is an organic heterotetracyclic compound, an organochlorine compound, a cyclic ether and a tertiary amino compound.", "Asenapine is a second generation (atypical) antipsychotic agent that is taken sublingually and used in the treatment of schizophrenia and manic or mixed episodes associated with bipolar 1 disorder. Asenapine is associated with a low rate of transient and mild serum aminotransferase elevations during therapy, but has not been linked to instances of clinically apparent acute liver injury."]], ["Retinoid 9CUAB30", "C/C(=C\\C(=O)O)/C=C/C=C(/C)\\C=C\\1/CCCC2=CC=CC=C21", ["9 Cuab30 has been used in trials studying the treatment and prevention of HER2/Neu Positive, HER2/Neu Negative, No Evidence of Disease, Estrogen Receptor Negative, and estrogen receptor positive, among others.", "Retinoid 9cUAB30 is a synthetic analogue of 9-cis retinoic acid with potential antineoplastic and chemopreventive activities. Retinoid 9cUAB30 binds to and activates retinoid X receptor (RXR) homodimers and/or and retinoic acid receptor (RAR)/RXR heterodimers, which may result in the dissociation of corepressor protein and the recruitment of coactivator protein, followed by transcription of downstream target genes into mRNAs and protein translation. Gene transcription regulated by these transcription factors may result in inhibition of cell proliferation, induction of cell differentiation, and apoptosis of both normal cells and tumor cells."]], ["Zinc Picolinate", "C1=CC=NC(=C1)C(=O)[O-].C1=CC=NC(=C1)C(=O)[O-].[Zn+2]", ["Zinc picolinate is a zinc salt of picolinic acid. It is available as OTC dietary supplements as a source of zinc to treat and prevent zinc deficiency. The absorption of zinc after oral administration of zinc picolinate is shown to be effective.", "Zinc Picolinate is a dietary zinc supplement containing the zinc salt of picolinic acid, that can be used to prevent or treat zinc deficiency, and with immunomodulatory activity. Upon administration, zinc picolinate supplements zinc. As an essential trace element, zinc is of key importance in many biological processes. It plays an important role in the proper functioning of the both the innate and adaptive immune system. Zinc inhibits the production of pro-inflammatory mediators and prevents inflammation. It acts as an antioxidant, prevents oxidative damage and protects cells against DNA damage. Zinc is required for the enzyme activities necessary for cell division, cell growth, and wound healing."]], ["Urea, N-(4-((2S,5S)-5-((4-fluorophenoxy)methyl)tetrahydro-2-furanyl)-3-butyn-1-yl)-N-hydroxy-", "C1C[C@H](O[C@@H]1COC2=CC=C(C=C2)F)C#CCCN(C(=O)N)O", ["MLN-977 is a small molecule compound that inhibits the production of leukotrienes, especially 5-lipoxygenase. It is developed by PharmaEngine to treat asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease."]], ["1,3-Dimethoxymethyl-5,5-diphenylbarbituric acid", "COCN1C(=O)C(C(=O)N(C1=O)COC)(C2=CC=CC=C2)C3=CC=CC=C3", ["T2000 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Myoclonus and Essential Tremor."]], ["2-Quinolinecarboxylic acid, 7-chloro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-4-(2-oxo-1-phenyl-3-pyrrolidinylidene)-, (2R,4E)-", "C\\1CN(C(=O)/C1=C/2\\C[C@@H](NC3=C2C=CC(=C3)Cl)C(=O)O)C4=CC=CC=C4", ["GW-468816 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT00218465 (Effectiveness of GW468816, an NMDA Glycine Site Antagonist, for Prevention of Relapse to Smoking)."]], ["7-(tert-Butyl)-6-((1-ethyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)methoxy)-3-(2-fluorophenyl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-b]pyridazine", "CCN1C(=NC=N1)COC2=NN3C(=NN=C3C4=CC=CC=C4F)C=C2C(C)(C)C", ["MK-0777 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Schizophrenia, Anxiety Disorder, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder."]], ["Urea, N-cyclopropyl-N'-(3-((1,2-dihydro-2-oxo-6-quinolinyl)oxy)propyl)-N-((1R,2R)-2-hydroxycyclohexyl)-", "C1CC[C@H]([C@@H](C1)N(C2CC2)C(=O)NCCCOC3=CC4=C(C=C3)NC(=O)C=C4)O", ["K-134 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Intermittent Claudication."]], ["Sonedenoson", "C1=CC(=CC=C1CCOC2=NC(=C3C(=N2)N(C=N3)[C@H]4[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O4)CO)O)O)N)Cl", ["Sonedenoson has been used in trials studying the treatment of Foot Ulcer, Diabetic and Diabetes Complications."]], ["SB-705498", "C1CN(C[C@@H]1NC(=O)NC2=CC=CC=C2Br)C3=NC=C(C=C3)C(F)(F)F", ["SB-705498 has been investigated for the treatment of Rhinitis, Chronic Cough, and Non-allergic Rhinitis."]], ["N-(2-acetyl-4,6-dimethylphenyl)-3-(3,4-dimethylisoxazol-5-ylsulfamoyl)thiophene-2-carboxamide", "CC1=CC(=C(C(=C1)C(=O)C)NC(=O)C2=C(C=CS2)S(=O)(=O)NC3=C(C(=NO3)C)C)C", ["TBC3711 is a next-generation endothelin antagonist that is being studied through oral and intravenous formulations by Encysive Pharmaceuticals."]], ["Tivozanib", "CC1=CC(=NO1)NC(=O)NC2=C(C=C(C=C2)OC3=C4C=C(C(=CC4=NC=C3)OC)OC)Cl", ["1-[2-chloro-4-[(6,7-dimethoxy-4-quinolinyl)oxy]phenyl]-3-(5-methyl-3-isoxazolyl)urea is an aromatic ether.", "Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is responsible for 3% of cancer cases and is one of the 10 most common cancers in adults. The average age of diagnosis is between age 65 to 74.  Tivozanib, also known as FOTIVDA, is a kinase inhibitor developed to treat adult patients with relapsed or refractory advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) after prior failed systemic therapies. It was approved on March 10, 2021 by the FDA. Marketed by Aveo Oncology, tivozanib is a promising therapy for individuals with RCC who have not been treated successfully with other therapies.", "Tivozanib is a Kinase Inhibitor. The mechanism of action of tivozanib is as a Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor.", "Tivozanib is an orally bioavailable inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFRs) 1, 2 and 3 with potential antiangiogenic and antineoplastic activities.  Tivozanib binds to and inhibits VEGFRs 1, 2 and 3, which may result in the inhibition of endothelial cell migration and proliferation, inhibition of tumor angiogenesis and tumor cell death. VEGFR tyrosine kinases, frequently overexpressed by a variety of tumor cell types, play a key role in angiogenesis."]], ["(E)-But-2-enedioic acid;N-[2-hydroxy-5-[1-hydroxy-2-[1-(4-methoxyphenyl)propan-2-ylamino]ethyl]phenyl]formamide", "CC(CC1=CC=C(C=C1)OC)NCC(C2=CC(=C(C=C2)O)NC=O)O.C(=C/C(=O)O)\\C(=O)O", ["Formoterol Fumarate is the fumarate salt form of formoterol, a long-acting and selective sympathomimetic beta-receptor agonist with bronchodilator activity. Formoterol fumarate binds beta 2 adrenergic receptors in bronchial smooth muscle and stimulates intracellular adenyl cyclase, thereby increasing the production of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). Increased cAMP levels cause relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle, improve mucociliary clearance and reduce mediator substance release in inflammatory cells, especially from mast cells. (NCI05)", "An ADRENERGIC BETA-2 RECEPTOR AGONIST with a prolonged duration of action. It is used to manage ASTHMA and in the treatment of CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE."]], ["2H-1-Benzopyran-7-ol, 3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-((4-(2-(1-piperidinyl)ethoxy)phenyl)methyl)-", "COC1=CC=C(C=C1)C2=C(C3=C(C=C(C=C3)O)OC2)CC4=CC=C(C=C4)OCCN5CCCCC5", ["CHF 4227 is a new selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM). The compound has a high receptor affinity and has shown promising efficacy in the prevention of bone loss in animal models of osteoporosis. Additionally, the compound has shown no uterotrophic activity suggesting a potential therapeutic advantage over drugs normally used in postmenopausal therapy."]], ["Darexaban", "CN1CCCN(CC1)C2=CC=C(C=C2)C(=O)NC3=C(C=CC=C3O)NC(=O)C4=CC=C(C=C4)OC", ["Darexaban has been used in trials studying the prevention and basic science of Japanese, Caucasian, Thromboembolism, Pharmacodynamics, and Pharmacokinetics, among others.", "Tanexaban is an orally active inhibitor of coagulation factor Xa (activated factor X) with anticoagulant activity. Tanexaban is extensively metabolized in the liver to its active metabolite and is excreted by the kidneys and in the feces."]], ["alpha-Tocopheryloxyacetic acid", "CC1=C(C(=C(C2=C1O[C@](CC2)(C)CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)C)OCC(=O)O)C", ["Alpha-tocopheryloxyacetic acid is a monocarboxylic acid that is (R,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol in which the hydroxy group at position 6 is replaced by a carboxymethoxy group. It is a nonhydrolyzable ether analog of vitamin E that exhibits anticancer properties. It has a role as an apoptosis inducer, an antineoplastic agent and an autophagy inducer. It is an aromatic ether, a monocarboxylic acid and a member of chromanes. It is functionally related to a (R,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol.", "Alpha-tocopheryloxyacetic Acid is an orally bioavailable vitamin E derivative with potential antineoplastic and immunostimulating activities. Upon administration, alpha-tocopheryloxyacetic acid (alpha-TEA) induces tumor autophagy; the autophagosomes formed, which carry tumor associated antigens (TAAs), allow for increased cross-presentation of TAAs by professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs). This activates a T cell-mediated T helper type 1 (TH1) response, generates a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) response against cancer cells, and reduces the frequency of regulatory T-cell (Treg) differentiation. In addition, alpha-TEA modulates the release of various cytokines and chemokines and induces tumor cell apoptosis. Altogether, this results in decreased tumor cell proliferation."]], ["Sodium 2-(bis(2-(2-(2-methyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)ethoxy)-2-oxoethyl)amino)acetate", "CC1=NC=C(N1CCOC(=O)CN(CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)OCCN2C(=NC=C2[N+](=O)[O-])C)[N+](=O)[O-].[Na+]", ["Sodium Glycididazole is the sodium salt of glycididazole with potential radiosensitizing activity. Due to its low redox potential, glycididazole is selectively activated via bioreduction in hypoxic tumor cells and may sensitize hypoxic tumor cells to the cytotoxic effects of ionizing radiation."]], ["Figopitant", "CN(CCC1=CC(=CC(=C1)C(F)(F)F)C(F)(F)F)C(=O)[C@H](C2=CC=CC=C2)N3CCN(CC3)CC4CC4", ["Figopitant is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02209714 (Safety, Tolerability and Pharmacodynamics After Oral Administration of BIIF 1149 BS in Healthy Male Volunteers)."]], ["Neratinib", "CCOC1=C(C=C2C(=C1)N=CC(=C2NC3=CC(=C(C=C3)OCC4=CC=CC=N4)Cl)C#N)NC(=O)/C=C/CN(C)C", ["Neratinib is a quinoline compound having a cyano group at the 3-position, a 3-chloro-4-(2-pyridylmethoxy)anilino group at the 4-position, a 4-dimethylamino-trans-but-2-enoylamido group at the 6-position, and an ethoxy group at the 7-position. It has a role as a tyrosine kinase inhibitor and an antineoplastic agent. It is a member of quinolines and a nitrile.", "Neratinib was approved in July 2017 for use as an extended adjuvant therapy in Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2) positive breast cancer. Approval was granted to Puma Biotechnology Inc. for the tradename Nerlynx. Neratinib is currently under investigation for use in many other forms of cancer.", "Neratinib is a Kinase Inhibitor. The mechanism of action of neratinib is as a Kinase Inhibitor, and P-Glycoprotein Inhibitor.", "Neratinib is an orally available tyrosine kinase receptor inhibitor that is used in the extended adjuvant therapy of early stage breast cancer. Neratinib is associated with a low rate of transient elevations in serum aminotransferase levels during therapy, but has not been convincingly linked to cases of clinically apparent liver injury with jaundice.", "Neratinib is an orally available, 6,7-disubstituted-4-anilinoquinoline-3-carbonitrile irreversible inhibitor of the HER-2 receptor tyrosine kinase with potential antineoplastic activity. Neratinib binds to the HER-2 receptor irreversibly, thereby reducing autophosphorylation in cells, apparently by targeting a cysteine residue in the ATP-binding pocket of the receptor. Treatment of cells with this agent results in inhibition of downstream signal transduction events and cell cycle regulatory pathways; arrest at the G1-S (Gap 1/DNA synthesis)-phase transition of the cell division cycle; and ultimately decreased cellular proliferation. Neratinib also inhibits the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) kinase and the proliferation of EGFR-dependent cells."]], ["Ceftiofur HCl", "CO/N=C(\\C1=CSC(=N1)N)/C(=O)N[C@H]2[C@@H]3N(C2=O)C(=C(CS3)CSC(=O)C4=CC=CO4)C(=O)O.Cl", ["Ceftiofur Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of ceftiofur, a semisynthetic, beta-lactamase-stable, broad-spectrum, third-generation cephalosporin with antibacterial activity. Ceftiofur binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall. PBPs are enzymes involved in the terminal stages of assembling the bacterial cell wall and in reshaping the cell wall during growth and division. Inactivation of PBPs interferes with the cross-linkage of peptidoglycan chains necessary for bacterial cell wall strength and rigidity. This results in the weakening of the bacterial cell wall and causes cell lysis."]], ["Tradipitant", "C1=CC=C(C(=C1)C(=O)C2=C(N=CC=C2)C3=C(N(N=N3)CC4=CC(=CC(=C4)C(F)(F)F)C(F)(F)F)C5=CC=NC=C5)Cl", ["Tradipitant has been used in trials studying the treatment and prevention of Eczema, Pruritus, Gastroparesis, Chronic Pruritus, and Atopic Dermatitis, among others.", "Tradipitant is an orally bioavailable, centrally-acting, selective, neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1-receptor; NK1R; NK-1R) antagonist with potential anti-emetic, anti-pruritic and anti-inflammatory activities. Upon oral administration, tradipitant competitively binds to and blocks the activity of the NK1R in the central nervous system (CNS), thereby inhibiting the binding of the endogenous ligand and neuropeptide, substance P (SP; neurokinin-1; NK1). This inhibits SP/NK1-mediated signal transduction and may prevent both SP-induced emesis and pruritis. In addition, inhibition of SP/NK1R signaling also reduces neurogenic inflammation which is triggered by the release of neuropeptides, such as substance P, from nerve cells. NK1R is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that preferentially binds to SP, a neuropeptide secreted by neuronal cells and inflammatory cells."]], ["Casopitant", "CC1=C(C=CC(=C1)F)[C@H]2C[C@H](CCN2C(=O)N(C)[C@H](C)C3=CC(=CC(=C3)C(F)(F)F)C(F)(F)F)N4CCN(CC4)C(=O)C", ["Casopitant is a member of piperidines.", "Casopitant is a centrally-acting neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor antagonist with antidepressant and antiemetic activities. Casopitant competitively binds to and blocks the activity of the NK-receptor, thereby inhibiting NK1-receptor binding of the endogenous tachykinin neuropeptide substance P (SP), which may result in antiemetic effects. SP is found in neurons of vagal afferent fibers innervating the brain-stem nucleus tractus solitarii and the area postrema, which contains the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ), and may be elevated in response to chemotherapy. The NK-receptor is a G-protein receptor coupled to the inositol phosphate signal-transduction pathway and is found in both the nucleus tractus solitarii and the area postrema."]], ["Dirlotapide", "CN1C2=C(C=C(C=C2)NC(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3C4=CC=C(C=C4)C(F)(F)F)C=C1C(=O)N[C@@H](C5=CC=CC=C5)C(=O)N(C)CC6=CC=CC=C6", ["Dirlotapide is a drug employed in the treatment of obesity in dogs. It is marketed by Pfizer and Zoetis under the brand name, Slentrol, and is not intended for human use."]], ["Trodusquemine", "C[C@H](CC[C@H](C(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)O)[C@H]1CC[C@@H]2[C@@]1(CC[C@H]3[C@H]2[C@@H](C[C@@H]4[C@@]3(CC[C@@H](C4)NCCCNCCCCNCCCN)C)O)C", ["Trodusquemine is a bile acid.", "Trodusquemine, a spermine metabolite of cholesterol, is a naturally occurring aminosterol that inhibits protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B. It has demonstrated the ability to stimulate regeneration of heart and multiple other tissues in animal models.", "Trodusquemine is a natural product found in Squalus acanthias with data available.", "Trodusquemine is a naturally-occurring cholestane and non-competitive, allosteric inhibitor of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), with potential hypoglycemic, anti-diabetic, anti-obesity, and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, trodusquemine selectively targets and inhibits PTP1B, thereby preventing PTP1B-mediated signaling. This prevents the dephosphorylation of the insulin receptor, which improves insulin signaling and insulin sensitivity, and decreases blood glucose levels. In susceptible cancer cells, inhibition of PTP1B causes a reduction of tumor cell proliferation. In addition, as trodusquemine can cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), it centrally suppresses appetite and causes weight loss. PTP1B, a tyrosine phosphatase, is elevated in certain cancer cells; it is specifically upregulated in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-driven cancers where it promotes cell growth, and is correlated with a poor prognosis and increased metastatic potential. In diabetes, PTP1B upregulation plays a major role in insulin resistance."]], ["Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside", "COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C[C@@H](CO[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O2)CO)O)O)O)[C@@H](CC3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)OC)CO[C@H]4[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O4)CO)O)O)O)O", ["Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside is a natural product found in Linum usitatissimum with data available."]], ["Rilapladib", "COCCN1CCC(CC1)N(CC2=CC=C(C=C2)C3=CC=C(C=C3)C(F)(F)F)C(=O)CN4C5=CC=CC=C5C(=O)C=C4SCC6=C(C(=CC=C6)F)F", ["Rilapladib is the third genomics-derived small molecule drug arising from the Human Genome Sciences-GlaxoSmithKline collaboration to enter clinical development. It is a lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) inhibitor. Lp-PLA2 is an enzyme associated with the formation of atherosclerotic plaques."]], ["(R)-1-cyanobutan-2-yl ((S)-1-(3-(3-(3-methoxy-4-(oxazol-5-yl)phenyl)ureido)phenyl)ethyl)carbamate", "CC[C@H](CC#N)OC(=O)N[C@@H](C)C1=CC(=CC=C1)NC(=O)NC2=CC(=C(C=C2)C3=CN=CO3)OC", ["AVN944 is a biotech drug that demonstrated a statistically meaningful impact on IMPDH and other proteins that are critical to activities in cancer cells, including nucleotide biosynthesis, energy and metabolism, DNA replication, apoptosis and cell cycle control. AVN944 has been associated with cancer cell death in clinical trials. It is being investigated for the treatment of patients with advanced hematologic malignancies.", "Inosine Monophosphate Dehydrogenase Inhibitor AVN944 is an orally available, synthetic small molecule with potential antineoplastic activity. AVN944 inhibits inosine monosphosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH), an enzyme involved in the de novo synthesis of guanosine triphosphate (GTP), a purine molecule required for DNA and RNA synthesis.  Inhibition of IMPDH deprives cancer cells of GTP, resulting in disruption of DNA and RNA synthesis, inhibition of cell proliferation, and the induction of apoptosis. AVN944 appears to have a selective effect on cancer cells in that deprivation of GTP in normal cells results in a temporary slowing of cell growth only. IMPDH is overexpressed in some cancer cells, particularly in hematological malignancies."]], ["Avatrombopag maleate", "C1CCC(CC1)N2CCN(CC2)C3=C(N=C(S3)NC(=O)C4=CC(=C(N=C4)N5CCC(CC5)C(=O)O)Cl)C6=CC(=CS6)Cl.C(=C\\C(=O)O)\\C(=O)O", ["Avatrombopag Maleate is the maleate salt form of avatrombopag, an orally available platelet thrombopoietin receptor (TPOR; MPL) agonist, with potential megakaryopoiesis stimulating activity. Upon administration, avatrombopag binds to and stimulates TPOR, which may lead to the proliferation and differentiation of megakaryocytes from bone marrow progenitor cells. This increases the production of platelets and may prevent chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia (CIT). TPOR is a cytokine receptor and member of the hematopoietin receptor superfamily."]], ["Piperacillin/tazobactam", "CCN1CCN(C(=O)C1=O)C(=O)N[C@H](C2=CC=CC=C2)C(=O)N[C@H]3[C@@H]4N(C3=O)[C@H](C(S4)(C)C)C(=O)O.C[C@@]1([C@@H](N2[C@H](S1(=O)=O)CC2=O)C(=O)O)CN3C=CN=N3", ["An antibiotic combination product of piperacillin and tazobactam, a penicillanic acid derivative with enhanced beta-lactamase inhibitory activity, that is used for the intravenous treatment of intra-abdominal, pelvic, and skin infections and for community-acquired pneumonia of moderate severity. It is also used for the treatment of PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA INFECTIONS."]], ["N-Cyclopropyl-1-(3-((1-oxidopyridin-3-yl)ethynyl)phenyl)-1,4-dihydro(1,8)naphthyridin-4-one-3-carboxamide", "C1CC1NC(=O)C2=CN(C3=C(C2=O)C=CC=N3)C4=CC=CC(=C4)C#CC5=C[N+](=CC=C5)[O-]", ["MK-0873 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis."]], ["Veldoreotide", "C[C@H]([C@H]1C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N(CCCC(=O)NCCCC(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N1)CCCCN)CC2=CNC3=CC=CC=C32)CC4=CNC5=CC=CC=C54)CC6=CC=CC=C6)CC(=O)N)CC7=CC=CC=C7)O", ["Somatoprim is under investigation for the treatment of Acromegaly."]], ["Motexafin gadolinium", "CCC1=C(C2=CC3=NC(=CN=C4C=C(C(=CC4=NC=C5C(=C(C(=N5)C=C1[N-]2)CCCO)C)OCCOCCOCCOC)OCCOCCOCCOC)C(=C3CCCO)C)CC.CC(=O)O.CC(=O)O.[Gd]", ["Motexafin gadolinium is a gadolinium coordination entity and a metallotexaphyrin."]], ["Antrin", "CCC1=C(C2=CC3=NC(=CN=C4C=C(C(=CC4=NC=C5C(=C(C(=N5)C=C1[N-]2)CCCO)C)OCCOCCOCCOC)OCCOCCOCCOC)C(=C3CCCO)C)CC.CC(=O)[O-].CC(=O)[O-].[Lu+3]", ["Motexafin lutetium (MLu) is a second-generation photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy (PDT) of cancer. It belongs to the family of drugs called metallotexaphyrins. Also called lutetium texaphyrin. Motexafin lutetium is a pentadentate aromatic metallotexaphyrin with photosensitizing properties.", "Motexafin Lutetium is a pentadentate aromatic metallotexaphyrin with photosensitizing properties. Motexafin lutetium preferentially accumulates in tumor cells due to their increased rates of metabolism and absorbs light, forming an extended high energy conformational state that produces high quantum yields of singlet oxygen, resulting in local cytotoxic effects. (NCI04)"]], ["Sorbitan Monooleate", "CCCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H]([C@@H]1[C@@H]([C@H](CO1)O)O)O", ["Sorbitan monooleate is a fatty acid ester."]], ["Androsta-4,16-dien-3-ol, (3beta)-", "C[C@]12CC[C@H]3[C@H]([C@@H]1CC=C2)CCC4=C[C@H](CC[C@]34C)O", ["PH94B is being developed by Pherin Pharmaceuticals, Inc. for the treatment of social phobias (generalized anxiety disorder). It is a member of a new family of pharmaceutical compounds called vomeropherins."]], ["1,13-Dihydroxy-2,2,12,12-tetramethyl-tridecan-7-one", "CC(C)(CCCCC(=O)CCCCC(C)(C)CO)CO", ["ETC-1001 is Pfizer\u2019s lead oral small molecule product candidate which  is intended to be a chronic treatment for individuals with lipid disorders."]], ["Valtorcitabine", "CC(C)[C@@H](C(=O)O[C@@H]1C[C@H](O[C@H]1CO)N2C=CC(=NC2=O)N)N", ["Valtorcitabine is an orally active prodrug of torcitabine (L-deoxycytidine), a nucleoside analog with activity against hepatitis B virus. Torcitabine is modified in vivo to its triphosphate form and acts as a competitive inhibitor of viral DNA polymerase."]], ["Tocotrienol", "CC(=CCC/C(=C/CC/C(=C/CCC1(CCC2=C(O1)C=CC(=C2)O)C)/C)/C)C", ["Tocotrienol has been investigated for the treatment of Cholesterol Lowering.", "Tocotrienol is a natural product found in Hippophae rhamnoides and Iryanthera lancifolia with data available.", "Tocotrienol is any of the four forms, alpha, beta, gamma and delta, of a member of the vitamin E family, with potential hypocholesterolemic, antithrombotic, antioxidant, immunomodulating and antineoplastic activities. Tocotrienol inhibits the activity of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, thereby lowering cholesterol levels. In addition, tocotrienol acts through multiple signal transduction pathways to induce cell cycle arrest and caspase-mediated apoptosis, and to decrease tumor cell proliferation. In addition, this agent may inhibit angiogenesis through the blockage of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) and the subsequent inhibition of tumor cell-induced vessel formation. Also, this agent prevents free radical formation and inhibits lipid peroxidation, thereby preventing DNA cell damage. Tocotrienol farnesyl isoprenoid side chains contain 3 double bonds, which are absent in tocopherols, likely contribute to its anti-cancer activities.", "Natural analogs of TOCOPHEROLS exhibiting antioxidant activity. These tocol derivatives and isomers contain a benzopyran ring and an unsaturated isoprenoid side chain."]], ["Vernakalant", "COC1=C(C=C(C=C1)CCO[C@@H]2CCCC[C@H]2N3CC[C@H](C3)O)OC", ["Vernakalant is an alcohol and a member of phenols.", "Vernakalant was developed by Cardiome Pharma as as an antiarrhythmic drug intended for rapid conversion of atrial fibrillation to sinus rhythm. It acts as an atypical class III antiarrhythmic drug that potentiates its effect in higher heart rates. Intravenous formulation was approved in Europe in September 2010 as Brinavess and in Canada in April 2017. It is an investigational drug under regulatory review by FDA."]], ["Olesoxime", "C[C@H](CCCC(C)C)[C@H]1CC[C@@H]2[C@@]1(CC[C@H]3[C@H]2CCC4=C/C(=N/O)/CC[C@]34C)C", ["Olesoxime is a cholesterol-like small molecule that has demonstrated a remarkable neuroprotective profile in a battery of both in vitro and in vivo preclinical models. For example, it has demonstrated the ability to prevent neurodegeneration, enhance nerve function and accelerate neuroregeneration following nerve trauma."]], ["Rucaparib phosphate", "CNCC1=CC=C(C=C1)C2=C3CCNC(=O)C4=C3C(=CC(=C4)F)N2.OP(=O)(O)O", ["Rucaparib Phosphate is the phosphate salt form of rucaparib, an orally bioavailable tricyclic indole and inhibitor of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) 1 (PARP1), 2 (PARP2) and 3 (PARP3), with potential chemo/radiosensitizing and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, rucaparib selectively binds to PARP1, 2 and 3 and inhibits PARP-mediated DNA repair. This enhances the accumulation of DNA strand breaks, promotes genomic instability and induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. This may enhance the cytotoxicity of DNA-damaging agents and reverse tumor cell resistance to chemotherapy and radiation therapy. PARPs are enzymes activated by single-strand DNA breaks that catalyze the post-translational ADP-ribosylation of nuclear proteins, which induces signaling and the recruitment of other proteins to repair damaged DNA. The PARP-mediated repair pathway plays a key role in DNA repair and is dysregulated in a variety of cancer cell types."]], ["Etiprednol dicloacetate", "CCOC(=O)[C@]1(CC[C@@H]2[C@@]1(C[C@@H]([C@H]3[C@H]2CCC4=CC(=O)C=C[C@]34C)O)C)OC(=O)C(Cl)Cl", ["Etiprednol dicloacetate is a steroid ester.", "Etiprednol dicloacetate (BNP-166) is a soft corticosteroid with anti-inflammatory properties that has been indicated in the treatment of asthma and Chron's disease. Anti-asthmatic effects were associated with decreased cytokine production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated lymphocytes and attenuated lectin-induced proliferation of blood mononuclear cells in tissue culture."]], ["Firategrast", "CCOCC1=CC(=C(C(=C1)OC)C2=CC=C(C=C2)C[C@@H](C(=O)O)NC(=O)C3=C(C=CC=C3F)F)OC", ["Firategrast has been used in trials studying the treatment of Multiple Sclerosis."]], ["N-(3-Aminopropyl)-N-[(1r)-1-(3-Benzyl-7-Chloro-4-Oxo-4h-Chromen-2-Yl)-2-Methylpropyl]-4-Methylbenzamide", "CC1=CC=C(C=C1)C(=O)N(CCCN)[C@@H](C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(O2)C=C(C=C3)Cl)CC4=CC=CC=C4)C(C)C", ["KSP Inhibitor SB-743921 is a synthetic small molecule with potential antineoplastic properties. SB-743921 selectively inhibits kinesin spindle protein (KSP), an important protein involved in the early stages of mitosis that is expressed in proliferating cells. Inhibition of KSP results in inhibition of mitotic spindle assembly and interrupts cell division, thereby causing cell cycle arrest and induction of apoptosis."]], ["Birabresib", "CC1=C(SC2=C1C(=N[C@H](C3=NN=C(N32)C)CC(=O)NC4=CC=C(C=C4)O)C5=CC=C(C=C5)Cl)C", ["6h-thieno[3,2-f][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]diazepine-6-acetamide, 4-(4-chlorophenyl)-n-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2,3,9-trimethyl-, (6s)- is an organonitrogen heterocyclic compound and an organosulfur heterocyclic compound.", "Birabresib is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02698176 (A Dose Exploration Study With MK-8628 in Participants With Selected Advanced Solid Tumors (MK-8628-006)).", "Birabresib is a synthetic, small molecule inhibitor of the BET (Bromodomain and Extra-Terminal) family of bromodomain-containing proteins 2, 3 and 4 with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, birabresib binds to the acetylated lysine recognition motifs on the bromodomain of BET proteins, thereby preventing the interaction between the BET proteins and acetylated histone peptides. This disrupts chromatin remodeling and gene expression. Prevention of the expression of certain growth-promoting genes, including c-Myc-dependent target genes, may lead to an inhibition of tumor cell growth. Characterized by a tandem repeat of bromodomain at the N-terminus, the BET proteins BRD2, BRD3, BRD4 are transcriptional regulators that play an important role in cellular growth."]], ["Olodanrigan", "COC1=C(C2=C(CN([C@@H](C2)C(=O)O)C(=O)C(C3=CC=CC=C3)C4=CC=CC=C4)C=C1)OCC5=CC=CC=C5", ["Olodanrigan is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03297294 (Safety and Efficacy of EMA401 in Patients With Painful Diabetic Neuropathy (PDN))."]], ["Ceftiofur hydrochloride", "CO/N=C(/C1=CSC(=N1)N)\\C(=O)N[C@H]2[C@@H]3N(C2=O)C(=C(CS3)CSC(=O)C4=CC=CO4)C(=O)O.Cl", ["Ceftiofur Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of ceftiofur, a semisynthetic, beta-lactamase-stable, broad-spectrum, third-generation cephalosporin with antibacterial activity. Ceftiofur binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall. PBPs are enzymes involved in the terminal stages of assembling the bacterial cell wall and in reshaping the cell wall during growth and division. Inactivation of PBPs interferes with the cross-linkage of peptidoglycan chains necessary for bacterial cell wall strength and rigidity. This results in the weakening of the bacterial cell wall and causes cell lysis."]], ["WX UK1 [Who-DD]", "CCOC(=O)N1CCN(CC1)C(=O)[C@H](CC2=CC(=CC=C2)C(=N)N)NS(=O)(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3C(C)C)C(C)C)C(C)C.Cl", ["WX-UK1 is a 3-amidinophenylalanine-based non-cytotoxic small molecule that belongs to a new class of drugs. In animal models, WX-UK1 blocks tumor cell invasion, metastasis and primary tumor growth by inhibiting serine proteases and the urokinase Plasminogen Activator (uPA) system, which have been shown to play a key role in metastasis and primary tumor growth of breast, gastric, colon cancer, and various other solid tumors. Independent studies show that administration of Wx-UK1 resulted in a decrease of tumor cell invasion, suggesting its efficacy as a an adjuvant antimetastatic therapy of carcinomas."]], ["Pharmakon1600-01505560", "C[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](O1)OC\\2CC3C(C(CC(O3)(CC(CC4C(O4)/C=C/C(=O)OC(C/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C2)C)O)O)O)C(=O)O)O)N)O", ["Natamycin is a polyene amphoteric macrolide antibiotic with antifungal properties. Natamycin exerts its antifungal effects by binding to sterols in the fungal cell membrane thereby increasing membrane permeability. This leads to a leakage and loss of essential cellular constituents. Following ocular application, natamycin is retained in the conjunctival fornices and attains effective concentrations within the corneal stroma where it exerts its effect.", "Amphoteric macrolide antifungal antibiotic from Streptomyces natalensis or S. chattanoogensis. It is used for a variety of fungal infections, mainly topically."]], ["Darapladib", "CCN(CC)CCN(CC1=CC=C(C=C1)C2=CC=C(C=C2)C(F)(F)F)C(=O)CN3C4=C(CCC4)C(=O)N=C3SCC5=CC=C(C=C5)F", ["Darapladib is a substituted pyrimidone with inhibitory activity towards lipoprotein-associated phospholipase-A2 (Lp-PLA2), an important regulator of lipid metabolism and inflammation that circulates with lipoprotein particles and is carried into the arterial wall with low-density lipoprotein particles during the progression of atherosclerosis."]], ["1H-Indole-6-carboxamide, N-((1R)-2-(4-(1-methyl-4-piperidinyl)-1-piperazinyl)-2-oxo-1-phenylethyl)-", "CN1CCC(CC1)N2CCN(CC2)C(=O)[C@@H](C3=CC=CC=C3)NC(=O)C4=CC5=C(C=C4)C=CN5", ["LY517717 is an investigational oral direct inhibitor of activated Factor Xa. It is believed to be Lilly's PMD-3112 (licensed from Amgen)."]], ["CID 9939931", "C1=CC(=CC=C1N/C(=N/C(=NCCCCCCN=C(/N=C(/NC2=CC=C(C=C2)Cl)\\N)N)N)/N)Cl.C(O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(=O)O", ["Chlorhexidine Gluconate is the gluconate salt form of chlorhexidine, a biguanide compound used as an antiseptic agent with topical antibacterial activity. Chlorhexidine gluconate is positively charged and reacts with the negatively charged microbial cell surface, thereby destroying the integrity of the cell membrane. Subsequently, chlorhexidine gluconate penetrates into the cell and causes leakage of intracellular components leading to cell death. Since gram positive bacteria are more negatively charged, they are more sensitive to this agent."]], ["N-Palmitoylsphingomyelin", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)N[C@@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)[C@@H](/C=C/CCCCCCCCCCCCC)O", ["N-hexadecanoylsphingosine-1-phosphocholine is a sphingomyelin 34:1 in which the N-acyl group and sphingoid base are specified as hexadecanoyl and sphingosine respectively. It has a role as a mouse metabolite. It is functionally related to a hexadecanoic acid.", "N-Palmitoylsphingomyelin is a natural product found in Trypanosoma brucei with data available."]], ["Lipiarmycin A3", "CCC1/C=C(/C(C/C=C/C=C(/C(=O)OC(C/C=C(/C=C(/C1O[C@H]2[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H](C(O2)(C)C)OC(=O)C(C)C)O)O)\\C)\\C)C(C)O)\\CO[C@H]3[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O3)C)OC(=O)C4=C(C(=C(C(=C4O)Cl)O)Cl)CC)O)OC)O)\\C", ["A narrow-spectrum macrolide antibacterial agent that is used in the treatment of diarrhea associated with CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE INFECTION."]], ["Promitil", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(CSSC1=CC=C(C=C1)COC(=O)N2[C@@H]3[C@H]2[C@@]4([C@@H](C5=C(N4C3)C(=O)C(=C(C5=O)N)C)COC(=O)N)OC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC", ["JNJ-27548547 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01705002 (Intravenously Administered Pegylated Liposomal Mitomycin-C Lipid-based Prodrug (PROMITIL) in Cancer Patients With Solid Tumors.).", "Pegylated Liposomal Mitomycin C Lipid-based Prodrug is a pegylated liposomal formulation comprised of a lipophilic prodrug of the antineoplastic antibiotic mitomycin C containing a cleavable disulfide bond (PL-MLP), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration of the pegylated liposomal mitomycin C lipid-based prodrug, the MLP moiety becomes activated upon thiolysis at the tumor site, thereby releasing mitomycin C. Bioreduced mitomycin C generates oxygen radicals, alkylates DNA, and produces interstrand DNA cross-links, thereby inhibiting DNA synthesis.  The thiolytic environment and upregulated expression of thioredoxins at the tumor site allow for the activation and release of mitomycin C. This prodrug formulation allows for greater circulation time, less systemic toxicity and increased accumulation of mitomycin C at the tumor site."]], ["Seletracetam", "CC[C@@H](C(=O)N)N1C[C@@H](CC1=O)C=C(F)F", ["Seletracetam is an organonitrogen compound and an organooxygen compound. It is functionally related to an alpha-amino acid.", "Seletracetam is a pyrrolidone derivative and with a structural similarity to newer generation antiepileptic drug levetiracetam. It binds to the same target as levetiracetam but with higher affinity and has shown potent seizure suppression in models of acquired and genetic epilepsy with high CNS tolerability. It is predicted to have low drug-drug interactions and inhibition or induction of any major human metabolizing enzymes. Seletracetam was in Phase II clinical trials under the supervision of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) investigated as treatment of epilepsy and partial epilepsy however its development had been put on hold in July 2007. As of 2010, its production was further halted due to the investigation of a newer antiepileptic agent, brivaracetam."]], ["Dasotraline", "C1C[C@H](C2=CC=CC=C2[C@@H]1C3=CC(=C(C=C3)Cl)Cl)N", ["Dasotraline is a serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine reuptake inhibitor (SNDRI) that is under investigation for the treatment of Binge Eating Disorder, Adult Attention Hyperactivity Disorder, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, and Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder."]], ["Pitolisant", "C1CCN(CC1)CCCOCCCC2=CC=C(C=C2)Cl", ["Pitolisant is an organochlorine compound.", "Pitolisant is a selective antagonist or inverse agonist of the histamine H3 receptor used to treat type 1 or 2 narcolepsy. Narcolepsy is a chronic neurological disorder that affects 1 in 2,000 individuals and is characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness, abnormal REM sleep manifestations, sleep paralysis and hypnagogic hallucinations. About 60-70% of patients with narcolepsy experience cataplexy, which is a sudden loss of muscle tone triggered by positive or negative emotions. Histaminergic neuron signalling in the brain plays a role in maintaining wakefulness; by blocking histamine autoreceptors, pitolisant enhances the activity of histaminergic neurons, as well as increasing the signalling of other neurotransmitters in the brain.  In a European clinical trial of adult patients with narcolepsy, there was a reduction in the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) score from pitolisant therapy compared to placebo. The therapeutic effectiveness of pitolisant was comparable to that of [modafinil]. Pitolisant therapy was also effective in treating refractory sleepiness in adolescent patients with narcolepsy, where it decreased ESS score and increased the mean sleep onset latency. Adolescent patients with cataplexy also experienced a slight improvement in the frequency and severity of symptoms; however, the safety of use in adolescent or paediatric patients have not been established with pitolisant. Commonly marketed under the trade name Wakix, oral pitolisant was approved by the EMA in 2016 for the treatment of narcolepsy with or without cataplexy. FDA approved the use of pitolisant in 2019 for excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) associated with narcolepsy in adults.", "Pitolisant is a histamine type 3 receptor (H3) antagonist and inverse agonist that is used in the therapy of excessive daytime sleepiness and cataplexy in patients with narcolepsy. Pitolisant has not been associated with serum enzyme elevations during therapy or to instances of idiosyncratic acute liver injury."]], ["Plinabulin", "CC(C)(C)C1=C(N=CN1)/C=C\\2/C(=O)N/C(=C\\C3=CC=CC=C3)/C(=O)N2", ["Plinabulin is a member of the class of 2,5-diketopiperazines that is piperazine-2,5-dione substituted by benzylidene and (5-tert-butyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)methylidene groups at positions 3 and 6, respectively. It is a vascular disrupting agent and a microtubule destabalising agent which was in clinical trials (now discontinued) for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. It has a role as a microtubule-destabilising agent, an antineoplastic agent, an apoptosis inducer and an angiogenesis inhibitor. It is a member of 2,5-diketopiperazines, a member of imidazoles, a member of benzenes and an olefinic compound.", "Plinabulin is an orally active diketopiperazine derivative with potential antineoplastic activity. Plinabulin selectively targets and binds to the colchicine-binding site of tubulin, thereby interrupting equilibrium of microtubule dynamics. This disrupts mitotic spindle assembly leading to cell cycle arrest at M phase and blockage of cell division. In addition, plinabulin may also inhibit growth of proliferating vascular endothelial cells, thereby disrupting the function of tumor vasculature that further contributes to a decrease in tumor cell proliferation."]], ["Sulopenem", "C[C@H]([C@@H]1[C@@H]2N(C1=O)C(=C(S2)S[C@H]3CC[S@@](=O)C3)C(=O)O)O", ["Sulopenem is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03357614 (Sulopenem Followed by Sulopenem-etzadroxil/Probenecid vs Ertapenem Followed by Cipro for Complicated UTI in Adults).", "Sulopenem is a parenteral thiopenem with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Sulopenem is not active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In addition, this agent is fairly stable against hydrolysis by various beta-lactamases."]], ["Linaprazan", "CC1=C(C(=CC=C1)C)CNC2=CC(=CN3C2=NC(=C3C)C)C(=O)NCCO", ["Linaprazan is a lipophilic, weak base with potassium-competitive acid blocking (P-CAB) activity. Linaprazan concentrates highly in the gastric parietal cell canaliculus and on entering this acidic environment is instantly protonated and binds competitively and reversibly to the potassium binding site of the proton pump hydrogen-potassium adenosine triphosphatase (H+/K+ ATPase), thereby inhibiting the pump's activity and the parietal cell secretion of H+ ions into the gastric lumen, the final step in gastric acid production."]], ["Cephalexin hydrochloride anhydrous", "CC1=C(N2[C@@H]([C@@H](C2=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](C3=CC=CC=C3)N)SC1)C(=O)O.Cl", ["Cephalexin Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of cephalexin, a beta-lactam, first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with bactericidal activity. Cephalexin hydrochloride binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBP) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall. PBPs participate in the terminal stages of assembling the bacterial cell wall, and in reshaping the cell wall during cell division. Inactivation of PBPs interferes with the cross-linkage of peptidoglycan chains necessary for bacterial cell wall strength and rigidity. This results in the weakening of the bacterial cell wall and causes cell lysis.", "A semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic with antimicrobial activity similar to that of CEPHALORIDINE or CEPHALOTHIN, but somewhat less potent. It is effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms."]], ["Recoflavone", "COC1=C(C=C(C=C1)C2=CC(=O)C3=C(O2)C=C(C=C3OC)OCC(=O)O)OC", ["Recoflavone has been used in trials studying the treatment of Acute Gastritis, Dry Eye Syndrome, and Chronic Gastritis."]], ["Rivastigmine actavis", "CCN(C)C(=O)OC1=CC=CC(=C1)[C@H](C)N(C)C.C(C(C(=O)O)O)(C(=O)O)O", ["Rivastigmine Tartrate is the tartrate salt form of rivastigmine, a phenylcarbamate derivative exhibiting cognitive stimulating property. Although the mechanism of action has not been fully elucidated, rivastigmine tartrate may bind reversibly to cholinesterase, thereby decreasing the breakdown of acetylcholine and enhancing cholinergic function."]], ["Zabofloxacin", "CO/N=C\\1/CN(CC12CNC2)C3=C(C=C4C(=O)C(=CN(C4=N3)C5CC5)C(=O)O)F", ["Zabofloxacin has been used in trials studying the treatment of Community Acquired Pneumonia and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease."]], ["Voreloxin", "CN[C@H]1CN(C[C@@H]1OC)C2=NC3=C(C=C2)C(=O)C(=CN3C4=NC=CS4)C(=O)O", ["Vosaroxin is under investigation for the treatment of Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute.", "Vosaroxin is a small molecule and a naphthyridine analogue with antineoplastic activity. Vosaroxin intercalates into DNA in a site-specific manner and blocks the re-ligation process carried out by topoisomerase II during DNA replication. As a result, inhibition of DNA replication, RNA and protein synthesis occurs, followed by cell cycle arrest at G2 phase and induced p53-independent apoptosis. This agent shows a favorable toxicity profile in several aspects: it does not generate reactive oxygen species, as do anthracyclines, hence reducing the risk of cardiotoxicity; it is not a P-glycoprotein (P-gp) substrate, and thereby evades the common mechanism for multidrug resistance; and it has limited distribution to normal tissues and a more chemically stable molecular structure."]], ["Cetilistat", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC1=NC2=C(C=C(C=C2)C)C(=O)O1", ["Cetilistat is a benzoxazine.", "Cetilistat is a novel inhibitor of pancreatic lipase being developed by Alizyme for the treatment of obesity and associated co-morbidities, including type 2 diabetes."]], ["Derenofylline", "C1CC(CCC1NC2=NC(=NC3=C2C=CN3)C4=CC=CC=C4)O", ["Derenofylline has been used in trials studying the treatment of Congestive Heart Failure and Acute Decompensated Heart Failure; Renal Dysfunction."]], ["Codeine phosphate hydrate", "CN1CC[C@]23[C@@H]4[C@H]1CC5=C2C(=C(C=C5)OC)O[C@H]3[C@H](C=C4)O.O.OP(=O)(O)O", ["Codeine phosphate appears as colorless small crystals or white powder. Odorless. Bitter taste. Solutions are acid to litmus. pH (4% solution) 4.2-5. (NTP, 1992)", "Codeine Phosphate is the phosphate salt of codeine, a naturally occurring phenanthrene alkaloid and opioid agonist with analgesic, antidiarrheal and antitussive activities. Codeine mimics the actions of endogenous opioids by binding to the opioid receptors at many sites within the central nervous system (CNS). Stimulation of mu-subtype opioid receptors results in a decrease in the release of nociceptive neurotransmitters such as substance P, GABA, dopamine, acetylcholine and noradrenaline; in addition, the codeine metabolite morphine induces opening of G-protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium (GIRK) channels and blocks the opening of N-type voltage-gated calcium channels, resulting in hyperpolarization and reduced neuronal excitability. Stimulation of gut mu-subtype opioid receptors results in a reduction in intestinal motility and delayed intestinal transit times. Antitussive activity is mediated through codeine's action on the cough center in the medulla.", "An opioid analgesic related to MORPHINE but with less potent analgesic properties and mild sedative effects. It also acts centrally to suppress cough."]], ["Chromium;pyridine-2-carboxylic acid", "C1=CC=NC(=C1)C(=O)O.C1=CC=NC(=C1)C(=O)O.C1=CC=NC(=C1)C(=O)O.[Cr]", ["Chromium Picolinate is chromium Piccolinate is a salt of the trace metallic element chromium (Cr), essential in glucose metabolism. Found in vitamins and mineral supplements, Chromium may be necessary for utilization of dietary sugars and carbohydrates by optimizing the effects of insulin. Animal studies suggest that chromium picolinate may be carcinogenic, it enters cells directly and can causes mutations. (NCI04)"]], ["Fispemifene", "C1=CC=C(C=C1)/C(=C(/C2=CC=CC=C2)\\C3=CC=C(C=C3)OCCOCCO)/CCCl", ["Fispemifene is a stilbenoid."]], ["Banoxantrone", "C[N+](C)(CCNC1=C2C(=C(C=C1)NCC[N+](C)(C)[O-])C(=O)C3=C(C=CC(=C3C2=O)O)O)[O-]", ["Banoxantrone is a highly selective bioreductive drug that is activated in, and is preferentially toxic to, hypoxic cells in tumours. It has been shown to work synergistically with fractionated radiation to significantly delay growth of tumours compared to administration of either banoxantrone or radiation alone. Banoxantrone was also efficacious in tumour models when administered in combination with either cisplatin or chemoradiation.", "Banoxantrone is a bioreductive, alkylaminoanthraquinone prodrug with antineoplastic activity. Under hypoxic conditions, often seen in solid tumors, banoxantrone (AQ4N) is converted and activated by cytochrome P450 enzymes, which are upregulated in certain tumors, to the cytotoxic DNA-binding agent AQ4. Banoxantrone intercalates into and crosslinks DNA, and inhibits topoisomerase II. This results in an inhibition of DNA replication and repair in tumor cells. Combined with conventional therapeutic agents, both oxygenic and hypoxic regions of tumors can be targeted."]], ["Acotiamide hydrochloride", "CC(C)N(CCNC(=O)C1=CSC(=N1)NC(=O)C2=CC(=C(C=C2O)OC)OC)C(C)C.Cl", ["Acotiamide Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of acotiamide, a prokinetic agent with gastrointestinal (GI) motility-enhancing activity. Although the exact mechanism by which acotiamide exerts its effect has yet to be fully elucidated, this agent appears to inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AchE), an enzyme responsible for the breakdown of acetylcholine (Ach). Increased Ach concentrations lead to an improvement of gastric emptying and GI motility and eventually to a reduction of dyspepsia symptoms."]], ["3-(3,5-Dimethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-(4-(2,4-dioxothiazolidin-5-ylmethyl)-phenoxy)-phenyl)-acrylic acid methyl ester", "COC1=CC(=CC(=C1)/C=C(\\C2=CC=C(C=C2)OC3=CC=C(C=C3)CC4C(=O)NC(=O)S4)/C(=O)OC)OC", ["CLX-0921 is investigated for use/treatment in diabetes mellitus type 2. CLX-0921 is a solid. CLX-0921 has a spectrum of activity that differs from commercially available thiazolidinediones. This substance targets the protein peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma. It is a pharmacologically active antihyperglycemic agent that acts by increasing peripheral tissue sensitivity to insulin."]], ["Dofequidar fumarate", "C1CN(CCN1CC(COC2=CC=CC3=C2C=CC=N3)O)C(=O)C(C4=CC=CC=C4)C5=CC=CC=C5.C(=C/C(=O)O)\\C(=O)O", ["Dofequidar Fumarate is a synthetic quinoline derivative with multidrug resistance (MDR) modulating properties. Dofequidar fumarate, like many other MDR reversal agents, binds competitively to the drug-binding site of the transmembrane P-glycoprotein efflux pump (P-gp). Once bound to the P-gp efflux pump, dofequidar is transported out of transformed cells by a mechanism similar to that used by cytotoxic drugs, thereby blocking the efflux of these compounds from the cell. Inhibition of the efflux pump by this agent leads to a retention of the cytotoxic drug resulting in increased intracellular drug concentrations, thereby enhancing cytotoxicity. Dofequidar has demonstrated reversal of the MDR phenotype in those cells exposed to various chemotherapeutic agents, such as vinca alkaloids and anthracyclines."]], ["Lapaquistat", "CC(C)(CN1C2=C(C=C(C=C2)Cl)[C@H](O[C@@H](C1=O)CC(=O)N3CCC(CC3)CC(=O)O)C4=C(C(=CC=C4)OC)OC)CO", ["Lapaquistat is under investigation in clinical trial NCT00256178 (Efficacy of Lapaquistat Acetate and Simvastatin in Subjects With Primary Dyslipidemia.).", "Lapaquistat is an inhibitor of squalene synthase, an enzyme downstream of HMG-CoA reductase in the synthesis of cholesterol. Squalene synthase catalyzes the dimerization of farnesyl-pyrophosphate to squalene, the first step in the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway that is solely committed to the production of cholesterol. Development of this agent was haulted do to potential hepatic toxicity."]], ["1-Palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-3-acetyl-rac-glycerol", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(COC(=O)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCC", ["Mosedipimod has been used in trials studying the supportive care and treatment of Chemotherapy-induced Neutropenia.", "Mosedipimod is a synthetic version of a monoacetyldiacylglyceride naturally occurring in various seed oils, bovine udder and milk fat, antlers of sika deer, with potential antineoplastic activity. Although the exact mechanism of action through which EC-18 exerts its pharmacological effect has yet to be fully identified, upon administration, mosedipimod stimulates calcium influx into T-lymphocytes and increases the production of various cytokines, including interleukin (IL) -2, IL-4, IL-12, interferon-gamma (IFN-g), and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). This stimulates the proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells, bone marrow stromal cells and immune cells, including T- and B-lymphocytes, dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages. Therefore, EC18 may stimulate the immune system to target cancer cells. In addition, EC-18 enhances the cytolytic activity of natural killer (NK) cells and suppresses the expression of the transmembrane protein tumor cell toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) on cancer cells. As activation of TLR-4 enhances immunosuppression and stimulates cancer cell growth, blocking TLR-4 expression suppresses tumor cell proliferation."]], ["Atecegatran metoxil", "CO/N=C(/C1=CC=C(C=C1)CNC(=O)[C@@H]2CCN2C(=O)[C@@H](C3=CC(=CC(=C3)Cl)OC(F)F)O)\\N", ["Atecegatran metoxil has been used in trials studying the basic science and prevention of Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation, Persistent or Permanent Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation, and Persistent or Permanent Non-valvular Atrial Fibrillation."]], ["Teglarinad chloride", "COCCOCCOCCOCCOC(=O)OC[N+]1=CC=C(C=C1)NC(=NCCCCCCOC2=CC=C(C=C2)Cl)NC#N.[Cl-]", ["GMX1777 is a water-soluble prodrug of the cyanoguanidine compound GMX1778 with potential antineoplastic activity. In vivo, apoptosis inducer GMX1777 is rapidly converted into GMX1778 through hydrolytic cleavage of a carbonate ester bond. Although the exact mechanism of action has yet to be fully elucidated, GMX1778 appears to antagonize nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB) transcription, resulting in the induction of tumor cell apoptosis.", "Teglarinad Chloride is a water-soluble prodrug of a cyanoguanidine compound with potential antineoplastic activity. In vivo, teglarinad chloride is rapidly converted into active drug through hydrolytic cleavage of a carbonate ester bond. Although the exact mechanism of action has yet to be fully elucidated, the active drug appears to antagonize nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB) transcription, resulting in the induction of tumor cell apoptosis."]], ["Daunorubicin citrate", "C[C@H]1[C@H]([C@H](C[C@@H](O1)O[C@H]2C[C@@](CC3=C2C(=C4C(=C3O)C(=O)C5=C(C4=O)C(=CC=C5)OC)O)(C(=O)C)O)N)O.C(C(=O)O)C(CC(=O)O)(C(=O)O)O", ["Daunorubicin Citrate is a semi-synthetic anthracycline glycoside antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces with antineoplastic activity. Daunorubicin citrate intercalates DNA, which leads to inhibition of DNA and RNA synthesis, and consequently blocks cell division and results in apoptosis. This anti-tumor antibiotic is most active in the S phase of cell division. Daunorubicin is indicated in the treatment of a wide variety of cancers including acute non-lymphocytic leukemia, non-Hodgkin lymphomas, Ewing's sarcoma, Wilms' tumor, and chronic myelocytic leukemia. (NCI05)"]], ["Gadoxetate Disodium", "CCOC1=CC=C(C=C1)CC(CN(CCN(CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])N(CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-].[Na+].[Na+].[Gd+3]", ["Gadoxetate Disodium is a paramagnetic contrast agent consisting of the disodium salt of the gadolinium ion chelated with the lipophilic moiety ethoxybenzyl (EOB) bound to diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA). When placed in a magnetic field, gadolinium produces a large magnetic moment and so a large local magnetic field, which can enhance the relaxation rate of nearby protons; as a result, the signal intensity of tissue images observed with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be enhanced. Because this agent is preferentially taken up by normal functioning hepatocytes, normal hepatic tissue is enhanced with MRI while tumor tissue is unenhanced. In addition, because this agent is excreted in the bile, it may be used to visualize the biliary system using MRI."]], ["Zinforo", "CCO/N=C(/C1=NSC(=N1)NP(=O)(O)O)\\C(=O)N[C@H]2[C@@H]3N(C2=O)C(=C(CS3)SC4=NC(=CS4)C5=CC=[N+](C=C5)C)C(=O)[O-].CC(=O)O", ["Ceftaroline fosamil acetate is an acetate salt obtained by reaction of ceftaroline fosamil with one equivalent of acetic acid. A prodrug for ceftaroline, used for the treatment of adults with acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections. It has a role as an antibacterial drug, an antimicrobial agent and a prodrug. It contains a ceftaroline fosamil.", "Ceftaroline Fosamil is an N-phosphono prodrug of the fifth-generation cephalosporin derivative ceftaroline with antibacterial activity. Ceftaroline fosamil is hydrolyzed to the active form ceftaroline in vivo. Ceftaroline binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall. PBPs are enzymes involved in the terminal stages of assembling the bacterial cell wall and in reshaping the cell wall during growth and division. Inactivation of PBPs interferes with the cross-linkage of peptidoglycan chains necessary for bacterial cell wall strength and rigidity. This results in the weakening of the bacterial cell wall and causes cell lysis.", "Ceftaroline Fosamil Acetate is the acetic acid salt form of ceftaroline fosamil, an N-phosphono type prodrug of the fifth-generation cephalosporin derivative ceftaroline with antibacterial activity. Ceftaroline fosamil, when hydrolyzed to the active form ceftaroline, has a high affinity for penicillin binding protein 2a (PBP2a), which is associated with methicillin resistance. As a result, ceftaroline is unique in its activity against methicillin-resistant, vancomycin-intermediate, linezolid-resistant, and daptomycin-nonsusceptible strains."]], ["Ubiquinol", "CC1=C(C(=C(C(=C1O)OC)OC)O)C/C=C(\\C)/CC/C=C(\\C)/CC/C=C(\\C)/CC/C=C(\\C)/CC/C=C(\\C)/CC/C=C(\\C)/CC/C=C(\\C)/CC/C=C(\\C)/CC/C=C(\\C)/CCC=C(C)C", ["Ubiquinol-10 is a ubiquinol in which the polyprenyl substituent is decaprenyl. It has a role as a metabolite and a biomarker. It is a polyprenylhydroquinone and an ubiquinol.", "Ubiquinol (CoQH2) is a reduced form of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) that acts as an active antioxidant that prevents the initiation and propagation of lipid peroxidation in biological membranes and human low-density lipoprotein (LDL). It plays an essential role in maintaining cellular defense against oxidative damage and also sustains the effects of vitamin E by regenerating the vitamin from the tocopheroxyl radical, but ubiquinol is not classified as a vitamin because it is synthesized by humans. There are varying concentrations of ubiquinol in foods, OTC products and dietary supplement products.", "Ubiquinol-10 is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).", "Ubiquinol is a natural product found in Homo sapiens with data available."]], ["Unii-870A6Q6xvj", "C/C=C(\\C)/C(=O)O[C@@H]1C[C@H]2[C@@H](CC=C3[C@@]2(CC[C@@H](C3)O[C@H]4C[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O4)C)O[C@H]5C[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O5)C)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)C)O)OC)O)OC)OC)C)[C@@]7([C@]1([C@H](CC7)C(=O)C)C)O", ["Unii-870A6Q6xvj is a natural product found in Hoodia gordonii with data available."]], ["Nalbuphine sebacate", "C1CC(C1)CN2CC[C@]34[C@@H]5[C@H](CC[C@]3([C@H]2CC6=C4C(=C(C=C6)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC7=C8C9=C(C[C@@H]1[C@]2([C@]9(CCN1CC1CCC1)[C@@H](O8)[C@H](CC2)O)O)C=C7)O5)O)O", ["Dinalbuphine sebacate is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02468128 (A Study of Intramuscular Sebacoyl Dinalbuphine Ester for Post-Hemorrhoidectomy Pain Management)."]], ["Afeletecan hydrochloride", "CC[C@@]1(C2=C(COC1=O)C(=O)N3CC4=CC5=CC=CC=C5N=C4C3=C2)OC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC6=CN=CN6)NC(=S)NC7=CC=C(C=C7)O[C@@H]8[C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](O8)C)O)OC)O.Cl", ["Afeletecan Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of afeletecan, a water-soluble camptothecin derivative conjugated to a carbohydrate moiety exhibiting antineoplastic activity. Afeletecan stabilizes the topoisomerase I-DNA covalent complex and forms an enzyme-drug-DNA ternary complex. As a consequence of the formation of this complex, both the initial cleavage reaction and religation steps are inhibited and subsequent collision of the replication fork with the cleaved strand of DNA results in inhibition of DNA replication, double strand DNA breakage and triggering of apoptosis. The peptide carbohydrate moiety of this agent stabilizes the lactone form of camptothecin in blood."]], ["Biricodar dicitrate", "COC1=CC(=CC(=C1OC)OC)C(=O)C(=O)N2CCCC[C@H]2C(=O)OC(CCCC3=CN=CC=C3)CCCC4=CN=CC=C4.C(C(=O)O)C(CC(=O)O)(C(=O)O)O.C(C(=O)O)C(CC(=O)O)(C(=O)O)O", ["Biricodar Dicitrate is the dicitrate salt of a synthetic pipecolinate derivative with potential chemosensitizing activity. Biricodar binds directly to the plasma membrane drug-efflux pumps P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP-1) and inhibits their activities, which may result in increased intracellular accumulation and retention of cytotoxic agents."]], ["N-[21-(2-aminoethylamino)-3-(3-amino-1-hydroxypropyl)-6-[1,2-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-11,20,25-trihydroxy-15-(1-hydroxyethyl)-2,5,8,14,17,23-hexaoxo-1,4,7,13,16,22-hexazatricyclo[22.3.0.09,13]heptacosan-18-yl]-10,12-dimethyltetradecanamide", "CCC(C)CC(C)CCCCCCCCC(=O)NC1CC(C(NC(=O)C2C(CCN2C(=O)C(NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C3CC(CN3C(=O)C(NC1=O)C(C)O)O)C(C(C4=CC=C(C=C4)O)O)O)C(CCN)O)O)NCCN)O", ["Caspofungin is an antimycotic echinocandin lipopeptide, semisynthetically derived from a fermentation product of the fungus Glarea lozoyensis. Caspofungin inhibits 1,3-beta-glucan synthase, resulting in decreased synthesis of beta(1,3)-D-glucan (an essential component of the fungal cell wall), weakening of the fungal cell wall, and fungal cell wall rupture. This agent is active against Aspergillus and Candida species.", "A cyclic lipopeptide echinocandin and beta-(1,3)-D-glucan synthase inhibitor that is used to treat internal or systemic MYCOSES."]], ["2-(Dimethylaminomethyl)-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanol hydrochloride", "CN(C)CC1CCCCC1(C2=CC(=CC=C2)OC)O.Cl", ["A narcotic analgesic proposed for severe pain. It may be habituating."]], ["(2S)-2-Ethyl-8-methyl-1-thia-4,8-diazaspiro[4,5]decan-3-one", "CC[C@H]1C(=O)NC2(S1)CCN(CC2)C", ["NGX267 is a muscarinic agonist. It is developed for the treatment of Alzheimer\u2019s disease and has shown the potential to both reduce symptoms and slow disease progression."]], ["1alpha-Hydroxyvitamin D5", "CC[C@H](CC[C@@H](C)[C@H]1CC[C@@H]\\2[C@@]1(CCC/C2=C\\C=C/3\\C[C@H](C[C@@H](C3=C)O)O)C)C(C)C", ["1alpha-Hydroxyvitamin D5 (CARD-024) has been used in trials studying the treatment of Drug Safety and Heart; Disease, Activity."]], ["Turofexorate isopropyl", "CC(C)OC(=O)C1=CN(CC(C2=C1NC3=CC=CC=C32)(C)C)C(=O)C4=CC(=C(C=C4)F)F", ["Turofexorate isopropyl is a member of indoles.", "Fxr 450 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT00509756 (Study Evaluating Turofexorate isopropyl in Healthy Japanese Men)."]], ["3-(9-Fluoro-2-(piperidine-1-carbonyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-[1,4]diazepino[6,7,1-hi]indol-7-yl)-4-(imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-yl)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione", "C1CCN(CC1)C(=O)N2CCN3C=C(C4=CC(=CC(=C43)C2)F)C5=C(C(=O)NC5=O)C6=CN=C7N6C=CC=C7", ["LY-2090314 is a member of the class of diazepinoindoles that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro[1,4]diazepino[6,7,1-hi]indole substituted by piperidin-1-ylcarbonyl, 4-(imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-yl)-2,5-dioxo-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-3-yl and fluoro groups at position 2, 7 and 9, respectively. It is a potent ATP-competitive inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) with IC50 values of 1.5 nM and 0.9 nM for GSK-3alpha and GSK-3beta. The drug is in clinical development for the treatment of advanced/metastatic cancer. It has a role as an apoptosis inducer, an antineoplastic agent, a Wnt signalling activator and an EC 2.7.11.26 (tau-protein kinase) inhibitor. It is an imidazopyridine, a diazepinoindole, a member of monofluorobenzenes, a piperidinecarboxamide, a member of ureas and a member of maleimides.", "Ly2090314 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Leukemia, Advanced Cancer, and Pancreatic Cancer.", "GSK-3 Inhibitor LY2090314 is an inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, LY2090314 binds to and inhibits GSK-3 in an ATP-competitive manner. This prevents GSK-3-mediated phosphorylation of beta-catenin, which inhibits the subsequent ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of beta-catenin. This leads to the activation of the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway and the induction of apoptosis in susceptible tumor cells. GSK-3, a serine/threonine kinase, plays a key role in numerous pathways involved in protein synthesis, cellular proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. The Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway plays key roles in both cellular proliferation and differentiation. The increased expression of beta-catenin, a transcriptional activator, correlates with decreased cellular proliferation and improved prognosis in select cancers."]], ["4'-Thio-2'-deoxycytidine", "C1[C@@H]([C@H](S[C@H]1N2C=CC(=NC2=O)N)CO)O", ["4-Thio-2-deoxycytidine is an orally bioavailable 4-thio modified 2-deoxycytidine analog, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration of 4-thio-2-deoxycytidine (TdCyd), this cytidine analog gets incorporated into DNA during replication and inhibits the activity of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1), which blocks DNA hypermethylation. This results in DNMT1 depletion, hypomethylation of DNA, and the reactivation of tumor suppressor genes that were silenced by hypermethylation; this results in antitumor activity and an inhibition of tumor cell proliferation."]], ["(1R,4S,5S,6S)-4-[(2-amino-4-methylsulfanylbutanoyl)amino]-2,2-dioxo-2lambda6-thiabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-4,6-dicarboxylic acid", "CSCCC(C(=O)N[C@]1(CS(=O)(=O)[C@@H]2[C@H]1[C@H]2C(=O)O)C(=O)O)N", ["LY2140023 is an investigational drug from Lilly, which is being developed as a new treatment option for schizophrenia. LY2140023 is an oral \"prodrug,\" meaning it is devoid of intrinsic biological activity and, once administered, is metabolized to provide the active mGlu2/3 receptor agonist called LY404039. Most currently approved antipsychotic medications work by affecting the neurotransmitters dopamine or serotonin. For LY2140023, the active substance, LY404039, is thought to work by reducing the presynaptic release of another neurotransmitter, glutamate, in brain regions where mGlu2/3 receptors are expressed. Further studies are planned or are ongoing to learn more about the safety and effectiveness, including determining an optimal therapeutic dose for LY2140023."]], ["Otenabant", "CCNC1(CCN(CC1)C2=NC=NC3=C2N=C(N3C4=CC=C(C=C4)Cl)C5=CC=CC=C5Cl)C(=O)N", ["Otenabant has been investigated for the treatment of Obesity."]], ["Meglumine metrizoate", "CC(=O)NC1=C(C(=C(C(=C1I)C(=O)O)I)N(C)C(=O)C)I.CNC[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](CO)O)O)O)O", ["Metrizoate Meglumine is mETRIZOATE MEGLUMINE RJY6JR42WQ"]], ["Atigliflozin", "COC1=CC=C(C=C1)CC2=C(C=CS2)O[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O3)CO)O)O)O", ["Atigliflozin is a selective sodium-glucose co-transporter subtype 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor with antihyperglycemic activity."]], ["Lofentanil", "CCC(=O)N(C1=CC=CC=C1)[C@]2(CCN(C[C@H]2C)CCC3=CC=CC=C3)C(=O)OC", ["Lofentanil is an analog of fentanyl and is one of the most potent opioids available today. It displays most similarity to carfentanil (4-carbomethoxyfentanyl) and is considered to be slightly more potent than this drug."]], ["1-((2-Bromophenyl)sulfonyl)-5-methoxy-3-((4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl)-1H-indole", "CN1CCN(CC1)CC2=CN(C3=C2C=C(C=C3)OC)S(=O)(=O)C4=CC=CC=C4Br", ["SUVN-502 is a novel, potent, safe, highly selective and orally active antagonist at a central nervous system serotonin receptor site 5-HT6 intended for treatment of cognitive disorders such as Alzheimer\u2019s and Schizophrenia, an unmet medical need."]], ["Masitinib", "CC1=C(C=C(C=C1)NC(=O)C2=CC=C(C=C2)CN3CCN(CC3)C)NC4=NC(=CS4)C5=CN=CC=C5", ["Masitinib is a member of the class of benzamides that is the carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-[(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl]benzoic acid with the primary amino group of 4-methyl-N(3)-[4-(pyridin-3-yl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]benzene-1,3-diamine. It is a highly selective oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor. It has a role as a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, an antineoplastic agent and an antirheumatic drug. It is a N-alkylpiperazine, a member of 1,3-thiazoles, a member of pyridines and a member of benzamides.", "Masitinib is a tyrosine-kinase inhibitor used in the treatment of mast cell tumors in dogs. It has been available in Europe since 2009, under the brand name Masivet. In the USA it is distributed under the name Kinavet and has been available for veterinaries since 2011."]], ["Candicidin", "C[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](C(O1)OC\\2CC(C(C(CC(=O)CC(CC(CC(CC(=O)CCCC(=O)CC(=O)OC(C(/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C2)C)C(C)CC(C)C(CC(=O)C3=CC=C(C=C3)N)O)O)O)O)O)C(=O)O)O)O)N)O", ["Candicidin D is a 38-membered ring lactone containing seven (E)-double bonds between positions 22 and 35 and substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9, 11, 13, 17 and 19, oxo groups at positions 3, 7 and 15, a carboxy group at position 18, a 3-amino-3,6-dideoxymannopyranosyloxy group at position 21, a methyl group at position 36 and a 7-(4-aminophenyl)-5-hydroxy-4-methyl-7-oxoheptan-2-yl group at position 37. It is the major component of candicidin, a mixture of antifungal heptaene macrolides obtained from a strain of Streptomyces griseus. It has a role as a bacterial metabolite and an antifungal drug. It is a macrolide antibiotic and a polyene antibiotic.", "Candicidin is an antibiotic obtained from a streptomyces (Streptomyces griseus) and active against some fungi of the genus Candida (C. albicans). Candicidin is administered intravaginally in the treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis.", "Mixture of antifungal heptaene macrolides from Streptomyces griseus or Actinomyces levoris used topically in candidiasis. The antibiotic complex is composed of candicidins A, B, C, and D, of which D is the major component."]], ["Galunisertib", "CC1=NC(=CC=C1)C2=NN3CCCC3=C2C4=C5C=C(C=CC5=NC=C4)C(=O)N", ["LY-2157299 is a pyrrolopyrazole that is 5,6-dihydro-4H-pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyrazole which is substituted at positions 2 and 3 by 6-methylpyridin-2-yl and 6-(aminocarbonyl)quinolin-4-yl groups, respectively. A Transforming growth factor-betaRI (TGF-betaRI) kinase inhibitor, it blocks TGF-beta-mediated tumor growth in glioblastoma. It has a role as a TGFbeta receptor antagonist and an antineoplastic agent. It is a member of quinolines, a pyrrolopyrazole, a member of methylpyridines, an aromatic amide and a monocarboxylic acid amide.", "Galunisertib has been used in trials studying the basic science and treatment of Glioma, Neoplasms, Solid Tumor, GLIOBLASTOMA, and Prostate Cancer, among others.", "Galunisertib is an orally available, small molecule antagonist of the tyrosine kinase transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-b) receptor type 1 (TGFBR1), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, galunisertib specifically targets and binds to the kinase domain of TGFBR1, thereby preventing the activation of TGF-b-mediated signaling pathways. This may inhibit the proliferation of TGF-b-overexpressing tumor cells. Dysregulation of the TGF-b signaling pathway is seen in a number of cancers and is associated with increased cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion and tumor progression."]], ["Givinostat hydrochloride", "CCN(CC)CC1=CC2=C(C=C1)C=C(C=C2)COC(=O)NC3=CC=C(C=C3)C(=O)NO.Cl", ["Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor is any substance that inhibits histone deacetylase, an enzyme that catalyzes the removal of acetyl groups from core histones. Inhibition of histone deacetylase can result in hyperacetylation of histones, with an effect on gene expression and cell differentiation."]], ["Bismuth subcitrate", "C(C(=O)[O-])C(CC(=O)[O-])(C(=O)[O-])O.C(C(=O)[O-])C(CC(=O)[O-])(C(=O)[O-])O.[K+].[K+].[K+].[Bi+3]", ["Bismuth Subcitrate is a mineral compound that is used to treat duodenal and gastric ulcers associated with Helicobacter pylori."]], ["Gantacurium", "C[N@+]1(CCC2=CC(=C(C=C2[C@H]1CC3=CC(=C(C(=C3)OC)OC)OC)OC)OC)CCCOC(=O)/C(=C/C(=O)OCCC[N@+]4(CCC5=CC(=C(C=C5[C@@H]4C6=CC(=C(C(=C6)OC)OC)OC)OC)OC)C)/Cl", ["Gantacurium chloride is a new, investigational, non-depolarizing ultra-short acting neuromuscular blocker. It is being developed by Avera Pharmaceuticals."]], ["Flutemetamol", "CNC1=C(C=C(C=C1)C2=NC3=C(S2)C=C(C=C3)O)F", ["Flutemetamol is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02353949 (Investigating the Clinical Consequences of Flutemetamol-PET-scanning)."]], ["Pazopanib", "CC1=C(C=C(C=C1)NC2=NC=CC(=N2)N(C)C3=CC4=NN(C(=C4C=C3)C)C)S(=O)(=O)N", ["Pazopanib is a pyrimidine that is 5-(pyrimidin-2-yl}amino-2-methylbenzenesulfonamide substituted at position 4 by a (2,3-dimethylindazol-6-yl)(methyl)amino group. Used as its hydrochloride salt for treatment of kidney cancer. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist and an angiogenesis modulating agent. It is a member of indazoles, an aminopyrimidine and a sulfonamide. It is a conjugate base of a pazopanib(1+).", "Pazopanib is a small molecule inhibitor of multiple protein tyrosine kinases with potential antineoplastic activity. It is developed by GlaxoSmithKline and was FDA approved on October 19, 2009.", "Pazopanib is a Kinase Inhibitor. The mechanism of action of pazopanib is as a Protein Kinase Inhibitor, and Cytochrome P450 3A4 Inhibitor, and Cytochrome P450 2D6 Inhibitor, and Cytochrome P450 2C8 Inhibitor.", "Pazopanib is a multi-kinase inhibitor active against vascular endothelial growth factor receptors-1, -2 and -3 that is used in the therapy of advanced renal cell carcinoma and soft tissue sarcomas. Pazopanib therapy is commonly associated with transient elevations in serum aminotransferase during therapy and has been linked to rare, but occasionally severe and even fatal cases of clinically apparent acute liver injury.", "Pazopanib is a small molecule inhibitor of multiple protein tyrosine kinases with potential antineoplastic activity. Pazopanib selectively inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFR)-1, -2 and -3, c-kit and platelet derived growth factor receptor (PDGF-R), which may result in inhibition of angiogenesis in tumors in which these receptors are upregulated."]], ["Lecozotan", "C[C@H](CN(C1=CC=CC=N1)C(=O)C2=CC=C(C=C2)C#N)N3CCN(CC3)C4=C5C(=CC=C4)OCCO5", ["Lecozotan has been used in trials studying the treatment of Alzheimer Disease."]], ["Water O-15", "[15OH2]", ["Oxygen-15 atom is the radioactive isotope of oxygen with relative atomic mass 15.003065. The longest-lived oxygen radionuclide with half-life of 122.2 s.", "Water O-15 is an inert, radiopharmaceutical of oxygen-15 (O-15) labeled water used as a tracer molecule with positron emission tomography (PET). Upon administration, water O-15 is freely diffusible and its distribution, as well as its clearance, are completely dependent on the rate of blood flow. Water O-15 can be imaged using PET to measure tissue or tumor blood flow/perfusion. This cyclotron product has a very short half life of about 2 minutes thereby allowing for multiple, serial measurements."]], ["Cuprous sulfide", "[S-2].[Cu+].[Cu+]", ["Copper(I) sulfide is a copper sulfide in which the metal is in the +1 oxidation state.", "Copper(I) sulfide is a chemical compound of copper and sulfur that is found in nature as the mineral chalcocite. Copper is a chemical element with the symbol Cu and atomic number 29. Copper is an essential elements in plants and animals as it is required for the normal functioning of more than 30 enzymes. It occurs naturally throughout the environment in rocks, soil, water, and air. (L277, L278, L291)"]], ["Solriamfetol", "C1=CC=C(C=C1)C[C@H](COC(=O)N)N", ["Solriamfetol marketed under the brand name Sunosi by Jazz Pharmaceuticals in the United States is a dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (DNRI) indicated in treating daytime sleepiness associated with narcolepsy or obstructive sleep apnea. Solriamfetol was given FDA approval in 2019.", "Solriamfetol is dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor that is used in the therapy of excessive daytime sleepiness and cataplexy in patients with narcolepsy. Solriamfetol has not been associated with serum enzyme elevations during therapy or to instances of idiosyncratic acute liver injury."]], ["Cyclopropanecarboxylic acid, 1-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl ester", "CC1(CC(CC(N1O)(C)C)OC(=O)C2CC2)C", ["OT-551 is a novel small molecule that is topically dosed in an eye drop and has the unique ability to penetrate cell membranes and reach both the front and the back of the eye. It is intended to treat Age-related macular Degeneration (AMD), and preclinical research results indicate additional uses for OT-551, including treatment of early stage and advanced dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD) by protecting against retina photoreceptor cell death and inhibiting angiogenesis, the growth of small blood vessels leading to the wet-form of AMD. A leading cause of vision loss, AMD affects approximately 10 million Americans."]], ["Sofinicline", "C1[C@H]2CN(C[C@H]2N1)C3=CC(=C(N=C3)Cl)Cl", ["Sofinicline has been used in trials studying the treatment of ADHD, Neuralgia, Diabetic, Diabetic Neuropathies, Diabetic Polyneuropathy, and Diabetic Neuropathic Pain, among others."]], ["1H-Pyrrole-3-carboxamide, 5-((5-fluoro-1,2-dihydro-2-oxo-3H-indol-3-ylidene)methyl)-N-((2S)-2-hydroxy-3-(4-morpholinyl)propyl)-2,4-dimethyl-", "CC1=C(NC(=C1C(=O)NC[C@@H](CN2CCOCC2)O)C)/C=C\\3/C4=C(C=CC(=C4)F)NC3=O", ["VEGFR2/PDGFR/c-Kit/Flt-3 Inhibitor SU014813 is an orally-active, tyrosine kinase receptor inhibitor with potential antitumor activity. SU014813 binds to and inhibits the phosphorylation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2), platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) alpha and beta, c-Kit and Fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 (Flt-3). This leads to an inhibition of cellular proliferation and angiogenesis and an induction of apoptosis."]], ["3-(Aminomethyl)-5-methyloctanoic acid, (3S,5R)-", "CCC[C@@H](C)C[C@@H](CC(=O)O)CN", ["PD-0299685 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT00314964 (Study Evaluating PD-0299685 for the Treatment of Vasomotor Symptoms (Hot Flashes / Flushes) Associated With Menopause)."]], ["5'-[[(3S)-3-Amino-3-carboxypropyl]methylsulfonio]-5'-deoxy-Adenosine tosylate", "CC1=CC=C(C=C1)S(=O)(=O)[O-].C[S+](CC[C@@H](C(=O)O)N)C[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O1)N2C=NC3=C(N=CN=C32)N)O)O", ["Physiologic methyl radical donor involved in enzymatic transmethylation reactions and present in all living organisms. It possesses anti-inflammatory activity and has been used in treatment of chronic liver disease. (From Merck, 11th ed)"]], ["N-((2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1,3-dioxoisoindolin-4-yl)methyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide", "C1CC1C(=O)NCC2=C3C(=CC=C2)C(=O)N(C3=O)C4CCC(=O)NC4=O", ["Immunomodulatory Agent CC-11006 is a proprietary, orally available, small molecule and thalidomide analog, with potential immunomodulating and antineoplastic activity. CC-11006 appears to have a similar mechanism to thalidomide and may modulate the expression of proinflammatory and regulatory cytokines."]], ["Tasisulam", "C1=CC(=C(C=C1Cl)Cl)C(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C2=CC=C(S2)Br", ["Tasisulam has been used in trials studying the treatment and basic science of Melanoma, Lymphoma, Solid Tumors, Breast Cancer, and Ovarian Cancer, among others.", "Tasisulam is an acyl-sulfonamide with potential antineoplastic activity. Selectively toxic towards tumor cells, tasisulam appears to induce tumor cell apoptosis by a mitochondrial-targeted mechanism involving the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In combination with an angiogenesis inhibitor, this agent may exhibit synergistic antiangiogenic activity."]], ["N-(1-adamantylmethyl)-2-chloro-5-[3-(3-hydroxypropylamino)propyl]benzamide", "C1C2CC3CC1CC(C2)(C3)CNC(=O)C4=C(C=CC(=C4)CCCNCCCO)Cl", ["AZD9056 has been used in trials studying the basic science and treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis."]], ["Uracil C-13, 2-", "C1=CN[13C](=O)NC1=O", ["Uracil-(2-13C) is a pyrimidone.", "Uracil C-13 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01677338 (Phase 2 Study to Evaluate the Preliminary Performance of the C13-URA Breath Test Kit in Dyspeptic Subjects)."]], ["1H-2-Benzoxacyclotetradecin-1,7(8H)-dione, 14-(ethylamino)-3,4,9,10-tetrahydro-8,9,16-trihydroxy-3,4-dimethyl-, (3S,4R,5Z,8S,9S,11E)-", "CCNC1=CC\\2=C(C(=C1)O)C(=O)O[C@H]([C@@H](/C=C\\C(=O)[C@H]([C@H](C/C=C2)O)O)C)C", ["E6201 has been investigated for the treatment of Chronic Plaque Psoriasis.", "MEK-1/MEKK-1 Inhibitor E6201 is a synthetic, fungal metabolite analogue inhibitor of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 (MEK-1) and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 1 (MEKK-1) with potential antipsoriatic and antineoplastic activities. MEK-1/MEKK-1 inhibitor E6201 specifically binds to and inhibits the activities of MEK-1 and MEKK-1, which may result in the inhibition of tumor cell proliferation. MEK-1 and MEKK-1 are key components in the RAS/RAF/MEK/MAPK signaling pathway, which regulates cell proliferation and is frequently activated in human cancers."]], ["Cannabinor", "CCCCCCC(C)(C)C1=CC(=C(C(=C1)OC(=O)/C=C/C(=O)O)[C@H]2CC(=O)[C@H]3C[C@@H]2C3(C)C)O", ["Cannabinor, a synthetic CB2-selective agonist, is in Phase 2 clinical testing as an analgesic."]], ["Aluminum Hydroxide", "[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3]", ["Aluminum hydroxide is an inorganic salt used as an antacid. It is a basic compound that acts by neutralizing hydrochloric acid in gastric secretions. Subsequent increases in pH may inhibit the action of pepsin. An increase in bicarbonate ions and prostaglandins may also confer cytoprotective effects."]], ["Rubidium cation rb-82", "[82Rb+]", ["Rubidium chloride Rb-82 injection  is a sterile nonpyrogenic solutions of rubidium Rb 82 chloride. It is indicated for Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging of the myocardium under rest or pharmacologic stress conditions to evaluate regional myocardial perfusion in adult patients with suspected or existing coronary artery disease.", "Rubidium cation rb-82 is a Radioactive Diagnostic Agent. The mechanism of action of rubidium cation rb-82 is as a Radiopharmaceutical Activity."]], ["Dianicline", "C1CN2CC[C@@]3(C2)[C@H]1OC4=C(C3)N=CC=C4", ["Dianicline has been used in trials studying the treatment of Smoking, Smoking Cessation, and Tobacco Use Cessation."]], ["Besifloxacin", "C1CCN(C[C@@H](C1)N)C2=C(C=C3C(=C2Cl)N(C=C(C3=O)C(=O)O)C4CC4)F", ["Besifloxacin is a member of quinolines.", "Besifloxacin is a fourth generation fluoroquinolone-type opthalmic antibiotic for the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis. FDA approved on May 28, 2009.", "Besifloxacin is a Quinolone Antimicrobial."]], ["Intal", "C1=CC2=C(C(=C1)OCC(COC3=CC=CC4=C3C(=O)C=C(O4)C(=O)O)O)C(=O)C=C(O2)C(=O)O.[Na+]", ["A chromone complex that acts by inhibiting the release of chemical mediators from sensitized mast cells. It is used in the prophylactic treatment of both allergic and exercise-induced asthma, but does not affect an established asthmatic attack."]], ["Fosbretabulin tromethamine", "COC1=C(C=C(C=C1)/C=C\\C2=CC(=C(C(=C2)OC)OC)OC)OP(=O)(O)O.C(C(CO)(CO)N)O", ["Fosbretabulin Tromethamine is the tromethamine salt form of prodrug fosbretabulin, a water-soluble phosphate derivative of a stilbenoid phenol derived from the African bush willow (Combretum caffrum) with antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, fosbretabulin is dephosphorylated to its active metabolite, combretastatin A4, which targets and binds to tubulin dimers and prevents microtubule polymerization, thereby resulting in mitotic arrest and apoptosis in endothelial cells. As apoptotic endothelial cells detach from their substrata, tumor blood vessels collapse; the acute disruption of tumor blood flow may result in tumor necrosis."]], ["Imisopasem manganese", "C1CC[C@@H]2[C@@H](C1)NCCN[C@@H]3CCCC[C@H]3NCC4=CC=CC(=N4)CN2.[Cl-].[Cl-].[Mn+2]", ["M40403 is a low molecular weight, synthetic manganese containing superoxide dismutase mimetic (SODm) that selectively removes superoxide anion.", "Imisopasem Manganese is a manganese-based non-peptidyl mimetic of the human mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), with potential antioxidant and chemo/radioprotective activities. Upon administration, imisopasem manganese mimics the activity of MnSOD and scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion, which prevents oxygen free radical damage to macromolecules such as DNA. This reduces ROS-mediated lipid peroxidation, prevents apoptosis and protects against oxygen free radical-induced toxicity in normal tissues."]], ["Fluoride ion f-18", "[18F-]", ["Sodium Fluoride F 18 Injection is a positron emitting radiopharmaceutical, no-carrier added. It contains radioactive fluoride F 18 that is used for diagnostic purposes in conjunction with positron emission tomography (PET) imaging and is administered by intravenous injection. Its primary indication is for bone imaging. Increased deposition around joints can occur in arthritis and following trauma and increased deposition in bone has been noted around fracture sites, in osteomyelitis, fibrous dysplasia, spondylitis tuberculosa, and Paget's disease. No adverse reactions have been reported.", "Fluoride ion f-18 is a Radioactive Diagnostic Agent. The mechanism of action of fluoride ion f-18 is as a Radiopharmaceutical Activity."]], ["Vitamin U", "C[S+](C)CC[C@@H](C(=O)[O-])N", ["S-methyl-L-methioninate is a sulfonium betaine that is a conjugate base of S-methyl-L-methionine obtained by the deprotonation of the carboxy group. It is a sulfonium betaine and a methyl-L-methionine. It is functionally related to a L-methioninate. It is a conjugate base of a S-methyl-L-methionine.", "Vitamin U is a natural product found in Arabidopsis thaliana with data available.", "A vitamin found in green vegetables. It is used in the treatment of peptic ulcers, colitis, and gastritis and has an effect on secretory, acid-forming, and enzymatic functions of the intestinal tract."]], ["Cholini bitartras", "C[N+](C)(C)CCO.C(C(C(=O)[O-])O)(C(=O)O)O", ["A basic constituent of lecithin that is found in many plants and animal organs. It is important as a precursor of acetylcholine, as a methyl donor in various metabolic processes, and in lipid metabolism."]], ["Fosfomycin tromethamine", "C[C@H]1[C@H](O1)P(=O)(O)O.C(C(CO)(CO)N)O", ["Fosfomycin tromethamine is a phosphonoacetic acid.", "Fosfomycin Tromethamine is the tromethamine salt form of fosfomycin, a synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotic. Fosfomycin tromethamine binds to and inactivates the enzyme enolpyruvyl transferase. This leads to an irreversible blockage of the condensation of uridine diphosphate-N-acetylglucosamine with p-enolpyruvate, which is one of the first steps of bacterial cell wall synthesis, thereby eventually causing cell lysis. In addition, fosfomycin tromethamine reduces the adherence of bacteria to uroepithelial cells. (NCI05)", "An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces fradiae."]], ["Radiprodil", "C1CN(CCC1CC2=CC=C(C=C2)F)C(=O)C(=O)NC3=CC4=C(C=C3)NC(=O)O4", ["Radiprodil has been used in trials studying the treatment of Infantile Spasms (IS) and Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathic Pain."]], ["Balicatib", "CCCN1CCN(CC1)C2=CC=C(C=C2)C(=O)NC3(CCCCC3)C(=O)NCC#N", ["Balicatib has been used in trials studying the treatment of Osteoporosis and Knee Osteoarthritis."]], ["Benzocaine Hydrochloride", "CCOC(=O)C1=CC=C(C=C1)N.Cl", ["A surface anesthetic that acts by preventing transmission of impulses along nerve fibers and at nerve endings."]], ["Amonafide L-malate", "CN(C)CCN1C(=O)C2=CC=CC3=CC(=CC(=C32)C1=O)N.C([C@@H](C(=O)O)O)C(=O)O", ["Amonafide L-Malate is the malate salt of amonafide, an imide derivative of naphthalic acid, with potential antineoplastic activity. Amonafide intercalates into DNA and inhibits topoisomerase II, resulting in DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) and inhibition of DNA replication and RNA synthesis."]], ["RGX-104 free Acid", "C[C@H](CCOC1=CC=CC(=C1)CC(=O)O)N(CC2=C(C(=CC=C2)C(F)(F)F)Cl)CC(C3=CC=CC=C3)C4=CC=CC=C4", ["Abequolixron is an orally bioavailable agonist of the nuclear receptor liver X receptor beta (LXRbeta; NR1H2; LXR-b), with potential immunomodulating and antineoplastic activities. Upon oral administration, abequolixron selectively targets and binds to LXRbeta, thereby activating LXRbeta-mediated signaling, leading to the transcription of certain tumor suppressor genes and the downregulation of certain tumor promoter genes. This particularly activates the expression of apolipoprotein E (ApoE), a tumor suppressor protein, in tumor cells and certain immune cells. This activates the innate immune system, resulting in depletion of immunosuppressive myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), tumor cells and endothelial cells in the tumor microenvironment. This reverses immune evasion, enhances anti-tumor immune responses and inhibits proliferation of tumor cells. LXRbeta, a member of the oxysterol receptor family, which is in the nuclear receptor family of transcription factors, plays a key role in cholesterol transport, glucose metabolism and the modulation of inflammatory responses; activation of LXRbeta suppresses tumor cell invasion, angiogenesis, tumor progression, and metastasis in a variety of tumor cell types. The expression of the ApoE protein becomes silenced in human cancers as they grow, become invasive, and metastasize; ApoE silencing is related to reduced survival in cancer patients. The LXR-ApoE pathway regulates the ability of cancers to evade the immune system and recruit blood vessels."]], ["Elsibucol", "CC(C)(C)C1=CC(=CC(=C1O)C(C)(C)C)SC(C)(C)SC2=CC(=C(C(=C2)C(C)(C)C)OCCCC(=O)O)C(C)(C)C", ["Elsibucol is an alkylbenzene.", "AGI-1096 is a novel oral antioxidant and selective anti-inflammatory agent that is being developed to address the accelerated inflammation of grafted blood vessels, known as transplant arteritis, common in chronic organ transplant rejection."]], ["Spiro(imidazo(1,2-a)pyridine-3(2H),2'-(2H)inden)-2-one, 1',3'-dihydro-", "C1C2=CC=CC=C2CC13C(=O)N=C4N3C=CC=C4", ["ST101 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Essential Tremor and Alzheimer's Disease.", "C/EBP Beta Antagonist ST101 is a peptide antagonist of the transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta (C/EBP beta), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, C/EBP beta antagonist ST101 targets and inhibits the activity of C/EBP beta. This prevents the expression of C/EBP beta target genes and proteins, including the anti-apoptotic protein B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), cyclins and inhibitor of differentiation (ID) family of proteins, which are involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, and cell cycle regulation. This may lead to apoptosis in tumor cells. C/EBP beta is overexpressed in many cancers and plays an important role in the regulation of cell differentiation; its expression is associated with tumor cell survival and proliferation."]], ["Dynamax", "C[C@@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]([C@H](O[C@H]3[C@@]24[C@H]1CC[C@@](O3)(OO4)C)O)C", ["Dynamax is a natural product found in Aschersonia paraphysata with data available."]], ["Aleplasinin", "CC1=CC(=CC=C1)C2=CC3=C(C=C2)N(C=C3C(=O)C(=O)O)CC4=CC=C(C=C4)C(C)(C)C", ["Aleplasinin has been investigated in Alzheimer Disease."]], ["Benzenesulfonamide, 2,4-dichloro-N-(3,5-dichloro-4-(3-quinolinyloxy)phenyl)-", "C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C=C(C=N2)OC3=C(C=C(C=C3Cl)NS(=O)(=O)C4=C(C=C(C=C4)Cl)Cl)Cl", ["AMG-131 (T131), an orally-administered therapy, is expected to lower blood glucose in type II diabetic patients by improving the body\u2019s ability to respond to insulin. T131 is a selective modulator of PPARg (peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma), a receptor involved in regulating the body\u2019s ability to respond to insulin. T131 is not structurally related to the thiazolidinedione class of PPARg agonists, which includes Actos and Avandia."]], ["CID 10232719", "CC1=C(C=CC(=C1)F)C2CC(CCN2C(=O)N(C)C(C)C3=CC(=CC(=C3)C(F)(F)F)C(F)(F)F)N4CCN(CC4)C(=O)C", ["Casopitant is a centrally-acting neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor antagonist with antidepressant and antiemetic activities. Casopitant competitively binds to and blocks the activity of the NK-receptor, thereby inhibiting NK1-receptor binding of the endogenous tachykinin neuropeptide substance P (SP), which may result in antiemetic effects. SP is found in neurons of vagal afferent fibers innervating the brain-stem nucleus tractus solitarii and the area postrema, which contains the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ), and may be elevated in response to chemotherapy. The NK-receptor is a G-protein receptor coupled to the inositol phosphate signal-transduction pathway and is found in both the nucleus tractus solitarii and the area postrema."]], ["Imagabalin", "CCC[C@@H](C)C[C@@H](CC(=O)O)N", ["Imagabalin has been investigated in Generalized Anxiety Disorder."]], ["Zuretinol acetate", "CC1=C(C(CCC1)(C)C)/C=C/C(=C\\C=C\\C(=C\\COC(=O)C)\\C)/C", ["Zuretinol acetate has been used in trials studying the treatment of Impaired Dark Adaptation, RP (Retinitis Pigmentosa), Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP), and LCA (Leber Congenital Amaurosis).", "Retinol acetate is a dietary supplement, permitted in infant formulas\n\nRetinol acetate belongs to the family of Retinoids. These are compounds that is related to vitamin A, especially retinol."]], ["Iomazenil", "CCOC(=O)C1=C2CN(C(=O)C3=C(N2C=N1)C=CC=C3I)C", ["Iomazenil is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01590277 (Ability of Partial Inverse Agonist, Iomazenil, to Block Ethanol Effects in Humans)."]], ["2-((2,4-dichlorophenyl)amino)-N-((tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)methyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidine-5-carboxamide", "C1COCCC1CNC(=O)C2=CN=C(N=C2C(F)(F)F)NC3=C(C=C(C=C3)Cl)Cl", ["5-pyrimidinecarboxamide, 2-[(2,4-dichlorophenyl)amino]-n-[(tetrahydro-2h-pyran-4-yl)methyl]-4-(trifluoromethyl)- is a dichlorobenzene.", "GW842166X has been used in trials studying the treatment of Pain, Analgesia, Inflammation, Osteoarthritis, and Pain, Inflammatory, among others."]], ["Indacaterol fumarate", "CCC1=C(C=C2CC(CC2=C1)NC[C@@H](C3=C4C=CC(=O)NC4=C(C=C3)O)O)CC.C(=C/C(=O)O)\\C(=O)O", ["Indacaterol fumarate is a quinolone and a hydroxyquinoline."]], ["Sparsentan", "CCCCC1=NC2(CCCC2)C(=O)N1CC3=CC(=C(C=C3)C4=CC=CC=C4S(=O)(=O)NC5=NOC(=C5C)C)COCC", ["Sparsentan has been used in trials studying the treatment of Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis. Sparsentan is the first and only dual-acting angiotensin and endothelin receptor antagonist (DARA) in development."]], ["Aleglitazar", "CC1=C(N=C(O1)C2=CC=CC=C2)CCOC3=C4C=CSC4=C(C=C3)C[C@@H](C(=O)O)OC", ["Aleglitazar is an investigational drug from the company Hoffmann\u2013La Roche and is currently in a phase III clinical trial called ALECARDIO. It is being investigated for use in patients with type II diabetes to reduce their risks of cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. Aleglitazar is an agonist at the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) for both the PPAR\u03b1 and PPAR\u03b3 receptor subtypes. In the phase II clinical trial called SYNCHRONY, with type II diabetic patients, aleglitazar was able to control both lipid and glucose levels in a synergistic manner while also having limited side effects and toxicity.", "Aleglitazar is a dual peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) agonist, with hypoglycemic activity. Aleglitazar binds to both PPARalpha and PPARgamma and decreases plasma levels of glucose, LDL-C, triglycerides (TG) and increases HDL levels. This agent may be used for the treatment of diabetes and cardiovascular disease."]], ["Drinabant", "CS(=O)(=O)N(C1CN(C1)C(C2=CC=C(C=C2)Cl)C3=CC=C(C=C3)Cl)C4=CC(=CC(=C4)F)F", ["AVE-1625 is an oral selective and potent antagonist of cannabinoid 1 (CB1) receptors having the same mechanism of action as rimonabant. It is currently developed in obesity and its associated comorbidities. AVE-1625 is also being developed for the treatment of  Alzheimer disease."]], ["Bisphosphocin nu3", "CCCCOP(=O)(O)OC[C@@H]1[C@H](C[C@@H](O1)N2C=C(C(=O)NC2=O)C)OP(=O)(O)OCCCC", ["Bisphosphocin Nu-3 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02737722 (Topically Applied Bisphosphocin Nu-3 on Infected Diabetic Ulcers of Subjects With Type I or II Diabetes Mellitus)."]], ["Deoxymutaaspergillic acid", "CC(C)CC1=NC=C(NC1=O)C(C)C", ["Deoxymutaaspergillic acid is a natural product found in Streptomyces with data available."]], ["Erteberel", "C1C[C@H]2[C@@H](C1)C3=C(C=CC(=C3)O)O[C@H]2C4=CC=C(C=C4)O", ["Erteberel is an estrogen receptor beta agonist that  has been used in trials studying the treatment of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia."]], ["Transcrocetinate sodium", "C/C(=C\\C=C\\C=C(\\C=C\\C=C(\\C(=O)[O-])/C)/C)/C=C/C=C(/C(=O)[O-])\\C.[Na+].[Na+]", ["Trans Sodium Crocetinate is the sodium salt of the trans-isomer of the carotenoid crocetin with potential antihypoxic and radiosensitizing activities. Trans sodium crocetinate (TSC) increases the diffusion rate of oxygen in aqueous solutions such as from plasma to body tissue. The agent has been shown to increase available oxygen during hypoxic and ischemic conditions that may occur in hemorrhage, vascular and neurological disorders, and in the tumor microenvionment."]], ["Xenon-129", "[129Xe]", ["Xenon-129 atom is the stable isotope of xenon with relative atomic mass 128.904780, 26.4 atom percent natural abundance and nuclear spin 1/2. It is a xenon(0) and a xenon atom.", "Hyperpolarized Xenon 129 is a contrast agent composed of hyperpolarized xenon Xe 129 gas (HP129Xe), with potential usage in diagnostic nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based imaging (MRI). Upon inhalation, the hyperpolarized xenon 129 gas is distributed throughout the lungs. MRI, immediately following HP129Xe administration, allows for the visualization of lung structures based on the distribution pattern of the gas. This may aid in the diagnosis of certain lung abnormalities. Hyperpolarization of Xe 129 enhances NMR signals and thus improves imaging and assessment of lung function."]], ["Genz-644282", "CNCCN1C2=C(C=NC3=CC4=C(C=C32)OCO4)C5=CC(=C(C=C5C1=O)OC)OC", ["Topoisomerase I Inhibitor Genz-644282 is a non-camptothecin inhibitor of topoisomerase I with potential antineoplastic activity. Topoisomerase I inhibitor Genz-644282 binds to and inhibits the enzyme topoisomerase I, which may result in the inhibition of repair of single-strand DNA breaks, DNA replication, and tumor cell growth in susceptible tumor cell populations."]], ["Palovarotene", "CC1(CCC(C2=C1C=C(C(=C2)/C=C/C3=CC=C(C=C3)C(=O)O)CN4C=CC=N4)(C)C)C", ["Palovarotene is a stilbenoid.", "Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva (FOP), with an estimated worldwide prevalence of one in 2 million individuals, is an exceptionally rare genetic disorder. FOP is caused by a gain-of-function mutation in the ACVR1/ALK2 gene which results in progressive heterotopic ossification, a process wherein connective tissues (e.g. skeletal muscle, ligaments, tendons) are replaced with bone. The ossification occurring as a result of FOP is insidious and cumulative, and is provoked during flare-ups or in response to injury. Treatment options for patients with FOP are extremely limited, although there has been substantial recent interest in novel treatments for this disease.  Palovarotene is a selective agonist of retinoic acid receptor gamma (RAR\u03b3) belonging to a class of medications known as retinoids, similar in mechanism to drugs like [tazarotene] or [trifarotene], which are derivatives of [vitamin A]. It first garnered interest as a potential treatment for emphysema, but was eventually recognized as a potential novel therapy for patients with FOP. Agonists for retinoic acid receptors have been shown to inhibit chondrogenesis of heterotopic ossification in a transgenic mice model of FOP, with selective RAR\u03b3 agonists (e.g. palovarotene) demonstrating the greatest efficacy.  Palovarotene was approved for use in Canada in January 2022 for the management of heterotopic ossification in patients with FOP, representing the first global approval for any FOP therapy. It has been granted rare pediatric disease and breakthrough therapy designations from the US FDA, although a previously submitted NDA was withdrawn in August 2021 pending the resubmission of additional data analyses.", "Palovarotene is an orally available, selective retinoic acid receptor gamma agonist. Palovarotene selectively binds to the gamma retinoid agonist, thereby reducing inflammation and enhancing repair."]], ["Sotrastaurin", "CN1CCN(CC1)C2=NC3=CC=CC=C3C(=N2)C4=C(C(=O)NC4=O)C5=CNC6=CC=CC=C65", ["Sotrastaurin is a member of the class of maleimides that is maleimide which is substituted at position 3 by an indol-3-yl group and at position 4 by a quinazolin-4-yl group, which in turn is substituted at position 2 by a 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl group. It is a potent and selective inhibitor of protein kinase C and has been investigated as an immunosuppresant in renal transplant patients. It has a role as an EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor, an immunosuppressive agent and an anticoronaviral agent. It is a N-alkylpiperazine, a N-arylpiperazine, a member of indoles, a member of quinazolines and a member of maleimides.", "Sotrastaurin has been used in trials studying the basic science and treatment of Uveal Melanoma, Richter Syndrome, Prolymphocytic Leukemia, Recurrent Mantle Cell Lymphoma, and Recurrent Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma, among others.", "Sotrastaurin is an orally available pan-protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor with potential immunosuppressive and antineoplastic activities. Sotrastaurin inhibits both T- and B-cell activations via PKC theta and beta isozymes, respectively. Both PKCs are important in the activation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kB). Inhibition of PKC beta in B-cells results in prevention of NF-kB-mediated signaling and down regulation of NF-kB target genes. This may eventually lead to an induction of G1 cell cycle arrest and tumor cell apoptosis in susceptible tumor cells. This agent may act synergistically with other chemotherapeutic agents. PKC, a family of serine/threonine protein kinases overexpressed in certain types of cancer cells, is involved in cell differentiation, mitogenesis, inflammation, and the activation and survival of lymphocytes."]], ["(R)-6-(4-((4-Ethylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl)phenyl)-N-(1-phenylethyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-amine", "CCN1CCN(CC1)CC2=CC=C(C=C2)C3=CC4=C(N3)N=CN=C4N[C@H](C)C5=CC=CC=C5", ["AEE788 is a 6-{4-[(4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl]phenyl}-N-(1-phenylethyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-amine which adopts an R-configuration. It is a potent inhibitor of human EGFR, VEGFR and HER2 receptor tyrosine kinases and exhibits anticancer and antiangiogenic activity. It has a role as an epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist, an EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor, an antineoplastic agent, an angiogenesis inhibitor, a trypanocidal drug and an apoptosis inducer.", "AEE788 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Cancer, Glioblastoma Multiforme, and Brain and Central Nervous System Tumors.", "Multikinase Inhibitor AEE788 is an orally bioavailable multiple-receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor. AEE788 inhibits phosphorylation of the tyrosine kinases of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGF2), resulting in receptor inhibition, the inhibition of cellular proliferation, and induction of tumor cell and tumor-associated endothelial cell apoptosis. (NCI05)"]], ["Dilmapimod", "CC1=C(C=CC(=C1)F)C2=C3C=CC(=O)N(C3=NC(=N2)NC(CO)CO)C4=C(C=CC=C4F)F", ["Dilmapimod has been used in trials studying the treatment and diagnostic of Nerve Trauma, Inflammation, Pain, Neuropathic, Arthritis, Rheumatoid, and Coronary Heart Disease, among others. Dilmapimod (SB-681323) is a p38 MAP-kinase inhibitor that has potential uses in inflammatory conditions such as RA (Rheumatoid Arthritis). Previous p38 MAP-kinase inhibitors have been hindered in development by liver toxicity. Methotrexate (common treatment for RA patients) also has potential liver toxicity.}"]], ["Eprotirome", "CC(C)C1=C(C=CC(=C1)OC2=C(C=C(C=C2Br)NC(=O)CC(=O)O)Br)O", ["Eprotirome which is a compound with promising properties for treatment of obesity and dyslipidemia. Eprotirome increases the body\u2019s energy consumption and reduces body weight and markedly reduces blood lipids and blood glucose.", "Eprotirome is a thyroid hormone analog with hypocholesterolemic properties. Eprotirome reduces serum LDL cholesterol levels by increasing hepatic clearance due to increased expression of the hepatic LDL-receptor gene, and also reduces the serum level of Lp(a) lipoprotein. This drug was designed to have minimal uptake in nonhepatic tissues thereby avoiding many of the adverse effects associated with thyroid hormone treatment."]], ["Saracatinib", "CN1CCN(CC1)CCOC2=CC3=C(C(=C2)OC4CCOCC4)C(=NC=N3)NC5=C(C=CC6=C5OCO6)Cl", ["Saracatinib is a member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline substituted by (5-chloro-2H-1,3-benzodioxol-4-yl)amino, (oxan-4-yl)oxy and 2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)ethoxy groups at positions 4, 5 and 7, respectively. It is a dual inhibitor of the tyrosine kinases c-Src and Abl (IC50 = 2.7 and 30 nM, respectively). Saracatinib was originally developed by AstraZeneca for the treatment of cancer but in 2019 it was granted orphan drug designation by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), a type of lung disease that results in scarring (fibrosis) of the lungs. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent, an EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor, a radiosensitizing agent, an autophagy inducer, an apoptosis inducer and an anticoronaviral agent. It is a member of quinazolines, a secondary amino compound, a N-methylpiperazine, an aromatic ether, a member of oxanes, a member of benzodioxoles, an organochlorine compound and a diether.", "Saracatinib has been investigated for the treatment of Cancer, Osteosarcoma, Ovarian Cancer, Fallopian Tube Cancer, and Primary Peritoneal Cancer.", "Saracatinib is an orally available 5-, 7-substituted anilinoquinazoline with anti-invasive and anti-tumor activities. Saracatinib is a dual-specific inhibitor of Src and Abl, protein tyrosine kinases that are overexpressed in chronic myeloid leukemia cells. This agent binds to and inhibits these tyrosine kinases and affects cell motility, cell migration, adhesion, invasion, proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Specifically, Saracatinib inhibits Src kinase-mediated osteoclast bone resorption."]], ["N-(4-(4-Amino-2-ethyl-imidazo(4,5-c)quinolin-1-yl)butyl)methanesulfonamide", "CCC1=NC2=C(N1CCCCNS(=O)(=O)C)C3=CC=CC=C3N=C2N", ["852A has been used in trials studying the treatment of Melanoma, Neoplasms, Breast Cancer, Ovarian Cancer, and Cervical Cancer, among others.", "TLR7 Agonist 852A is a synthetic imidazoquinoline Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) agonist with immunostimulating and potential antitumor activities. TLR7 agonist 852A binds to and activates TLR7, thereby stimulating plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) through the TLR7-MyD88-dependent signaling pathway. Activation of pDC results in secretion of interferon alpha, the production of proimflammatory cytokines, the upregulation of co-stimulatory molecules, and enhanced T and B-cell stimulatory responses."]], ["N-hydroxy-2-(4-(naphthalen-2-ylsulfonyl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrimidine-5-carboxamide", "C1CN(CCN1C2=NC=C(C=N2)C(=O)NO)S(=O)(=O)C3=CC4=CC=CC=C4C=C3", ["R306465 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Neoplasms."]], ["Strontium malonate", "C(C(=O)[O-])C(=O)[O-].[Sr+2]", ["Strontium malonate is being developed as a novel orally available pharmaceutical for the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis. It is being developed by Osteologix Inc."]], ["Dovramilast", "CCOC1=C(C=CC(=C1)[C@@H](CS(=O)(=O)C)N2CC3=C(C2=O)C(=CC=C3)NC(=O)C4CC4)OC", ["CC-11050 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01300208 (To Evaluate the Preliminary Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Efficacy of CC-11050 in Subjects With Discoid Lupus Erythematosus and Subacute Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus)."]], ["Napabucasin", "CC(=O)C1=CC2=C(O1)C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3C2=O", ["Napabucasin has been investigated for the treatment of Colorectal Carcinoma.", "Napabucasin is a natural product found in Newbouldia laevis, Ekmanianthe longiflora, and Handroanthus impetiginosus with data available.", "Napabucasin is an orally available cancer cell stemness inhibitor with potential antineoplastic activity. Even though the exact target has yet to be fully elucidated, napabucasin appears to target and inhibit multiple pathways involved in cancer cell stemness. This may ultimately inhibit cancer stemness cell (CSC) growth as well as heterogeneous cancer cell growth. CSCs, self-replicating cells that are able to differentiate into heterogeneous cancer cells, appear to be responsible for the malignant growth, recurrence and resistance to conventional chemotherapies."]], ["Raseglurant", "CC1=CC(=NC(=C1N)C#CC2=CC(=CC=C2)F)C", ["ADX10059 is a metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5)  negative allosteric modulator (NAM). The orally available small molecule drug candidate, which is highly specific for mGluR5, was discovered at Addex in 2003. It is developed for the treatment of GERD, migraine and anxiety."]], ["Cbdca", "C1CC(C1)(C(=O)[O-])C(=O)[O-].N.N.[Pt+2]", ["Carboplatin is a Platinum-based Drug.", "Carboplatin is a second-generation platinum compound with a broad spectrum of antineoplastic properties.  Carboplatin contains a platinum atom complexed with two ammonia groups and a cyclobutane-dicarboxyl residue.  This agent is activated intracellularly to form reactive platinum complexes that bind to nucleophilic groups such as GC-rich sites in DNA, thereby inducing intrastrand and interstrand DNA cross-links, as well as DNA-protein cross-links.  These carboplatin-induced DNA and protein effects result in apoptosis and cell growth inhibition.  This agent possesses tumoricidal activity similar to that of its parent compound, cisplatin, but is more stable and less toxic. (NCI04)", "An organoplatinum compound that possesses antineoplastic activity."]], ["Vercirnon", "CC(C)(C)C1=CC=C(C=C1)S(=O)(=O)NC2=C(C=C(C=C2)Cl)C(=O)C3=CC=[N+](C=C3)[O-]", ["Vercirnon is a novel, orally active anti-inflammatory agent that targets a chemokine receptor protein implicated in both Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, the two principal forms of IBD. It is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01611805 (Japanese Phase I of GSK1605786)."]], ["Tarazepide", "CN1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=N[C@@H](C1=O)NC(=O)C3=CC4=C5N3CCCC5=CC=C4)C6=CC=CC=C6", ["Tarazepide is a N-acyl-amino acid."]], ["Levalbuterol tartrate", "CC(C)(C)NC[C@@H](C1=CC(=C(C=C1)O)CO)O.CC(C)(C)NC[C@@H](C1=CC(=C(C=C1)O)CO)O.[C@@H]([C@H](C(=O)O)O)(C(=O)O)O", ["Levalbuterol Tartrate is the tartrate salt form of levalbuterol, the R-enantiomer of the short-acting beta-2 adrenergic receptor agonist albuterol, with bronchodilator activity. Levalbuterol selectively binds to beta-2 adrenergic receptors in bronchial smooth muscle, thereby activating intracellular adenyl cyclase, an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to cyclic-3',5'-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). Increased cAMP levels cause relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle, relieve bronchospasms, improve mucociliary clearance and inhibit the release of mediators of immediate hypersensitivity from cells, especially from mast cells."]], ["Crenolanib", "CC1(COC1)COC2=CC3=C(C=C2)N(C=N3)C4=NC5=C(C=CC=C5N6CCC(CC6)N)C=C4", ["Crenolanib is a member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole which is substituted by a 8-(4-aminopiperidin-1-yl)quinolin-2-yl group at position 1 and by a (3-methyloxetan-3-yl)methoxy group at position 5. It is an inhibitor of type III tyrosine kinases, PDGFRalpha/beta and FLT3 (IC50 of 11, 3.2, and 4 nM). Currently under clinical development for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia. It has a role as an EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor, an angiogenesis inhibitor, an antineoplastic agent and an apoptosis inducer. It is a member of benzimidazoles, an aromatic ether, a member of quinolines, a member of oxetanes, an aminopiperidine and a tertiary amino compound.", "Crenolanib is under investigation for the treatment of Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma and Progressive or Refractory High-Grade Glioma.", "Crenolanib is an orally bioavailable benzimidazole targeting the platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) subtypes alpha and beta and FMS-related tyrosine kinase 3 (Flt3), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, crenolanib binds to and inhibits both wild-type and mutated forms of PDGFR and Flt3, which may result in the inhibition of PDGFR- and Flt3-related signal transduction pathways. This results in inhibition of tumor angiogenesis and tumor cell proliferation in PDGFR and/or Flt3 overexpressing tumor cells. PDGFR and Flt3, class III receptor tyrosine kinases, are upregulated or mutated in many tumor cell types."]], ["Azd-4877", "CC1=CC=C(C=C1)C(=O)N(CCCN)C(C2=NC3=C(C(=NS3)C)C(=O)N2CC4=CC=CC=C4)C(C)C", ["AZD4877 has been used in trials studying the treatment of NHL, Tumors, Cancer, Lymphoma, and Neoplasms, among others.", "KSP Inhibitor AZD4877 is a synthetic kinesin spindle protein (KSP) inhibitor with potential antineoplastic activity. AZD4877 selectively inhibits microtubule motor protein KSP (also called kinesin-5 or Eg5), which is essential for the formation of bipolar spindles and the proper segregation of sister chromatids during mitosis. Inhibition of KSP results in an inhibition of mitotic spindle assembly, activation of the spindle assembly checkpoint, induction of cell cycle arrest during the mitotic phase, thereby causing cell death in tumor cells that are actively dividing. Because KSP is not involved in postmitotic processes, such as neuronal transport, AZD4877 may be less likely to cause the peripheral neuropathy often associated with the tubulin-targeting agents."]], ["(S)-5-(4-Hydroxy-4-methylisoxazolidine-2-carbonyl)-1-isopropyl-3-methyl-6-((5-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methyl)thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione", "CC1=C(C(=NN1)C(F)(F)F)CC2=C(C3=C(S2)N(C(=O)N(C3=O)C)C(C)C)C(=O)N4C[C@](CO4)(C)O", ["Monocarboxylate Transporter 1 Inhibitor AZD3965 is an orally available inhibitor of monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, MCT1 inhibitor AZD3965 binds to MCT1 and prevents the transport of lactate into and out of the cell. This leads to an accumulation of lactate, intracellular acidification, and eventually cancer cell death. MCT1, a protein overexpressed on tumor cells, is responsible for the transport of monocarboxylates across the cell membrane and plays a key role in cell metabolism."]], ["Batefenterol", "COC1=CC(=C(C=C1CNC[C@@H](C2=C3C=CC(=O)NC3=C(C=C2)O)O)Cl)NC(=O)CCN4CCC(CC4)OC(=O)NC5=CC=CC=C5C6=CC=CC=C6", ["Batefenterol has been used in trials studying the treatment of Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive."]], ["(5,10,15,20-Tetrakis(1,3-diethylimidazolium-2-YL)porphyrinato) manganese(III)pentachloride", "CCN1C=CN(C1=C2C3=NC(=C(C4=NC(=C(C5=CC=C([N-]5)C(=C6C=CC2=N6)C7=[N+](C=CN7CC)CC)C8=[N+](C=CN8CC)CC)C=C4)C9=[N+](C=CN9CC)CC)C=C3)CC.[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Mn+3]", ["AEOL 10150 is developed by Aeolus as a therapeutic agents based on its proprietary small molecule catalytic antioxidants."]], ["Ethaselen", "C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C(=O)N([Se]2)CCN3C(=O)C4=CC=CC=C4[Se]3", ["Ethaselen is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02166242 (Ethaselen for the Treatment of Thioredoxin Reductase High Expression Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancers).", "Ethaselen is an orally bioavailable organoselenium inhibitor of thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR1), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, ethaselen specifically binds to the selenocysteine-cysteine redox pair in the C-terminal active site of TrxR1 and inhibits its activity, which may result in growth inhibition and the induction of apoptosis in TrxR1 overexpressing tumor cells. TrxR1, upregulated in many cancer cell types, plays a key role in various redox-dependent cellular pathways, regulates transcription factor activity, inhibits apoptosis, and promotes cell growth and survival."]], ["2-Propenamide, N-methyl-N-((3-methyl-2-benzofuranyl)methyl)-3-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-7-oxo-1,8-naphthyridin-3-yl)-, (2E)-", "CC1=C(OC2=CC=CC=C12)CN(C)C(=O)/C=C/C3=CC4=C(NC(=O)CC4)N=C3", ["AFN-1252 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Cellulitis, Burn Infection, Wound Infection, Cutaneous Abscess, and Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue Bacterial Infections."]], ["2-(4-Fluorophenyl)-N-Methyl-6-[(Methylsulfonyl)amino]-5-(Propan-2-Yloxy)-1-Benzofuran-3-Carboxamide", "CC(C)OC1=C(C=C2C(=C1)C(=C(O2)C3=CC=C(C=C3)F)C(=O)NC)NS(=O)(=O)C", ["HCV-086 is a small molecule antiviral designed to block an enzyme required for the replication of the hepatitis C virus."]], ["Phosphatidylserines (bovine)", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(COP(=O)(O)OCC(C(=O)O)N)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC", ["Phosphatidylserine is a phospholipid with a polar serine found in phosphoester linkage to diacylglycerol.", "Derivatives of PHOSPHATIDIC ACIDS in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to a SERINE moiety."]], ["6,7-Bis(3-hydroxyphenyl)pteridine-2,4-diamine", "C1=CC(=CC(=C1)O)C2=NC3=C(N=C(N=C3N=C2C4=CC(=CC=C4)O)N)N", ["3-[2,4-diamino-7-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-6-pteridinyl]phenol is a member of pteridines.", "An NSAID that inhibits PI-3K gamma and delta."]], ["Homatropine methylbromide", "C[N+]1([C@@H]2CC[C@H]1CC(C2)OC(=O)C(C3=CC=CC=C3)O)C.[Br-]", ["Homatropine Methylbromide is the methylbromide salt of homatropine, a synthetic tertiary amine alkaloid with antimuscarinic properties. Homatropine methylbromide, a competitive inhibitor of acetylcholine at the muscarinic receptor, blocks parasympathetic nerve stimulation, thereby inhibiting pepsin and gastrin secretion. When administered in high doses, this drug produces inhibitory effects on acetylcholine activity, specifically on smooth muscle located in the gastrointestinal, biliary, and genitourinary tracts, resulting in an anti-spasmodic effect."]], ["Mitoglitazone", "CCC1=CN=C(C=C1)C(=O)COC2=CC=C(C=C2)CC3C(=O)NC(=O)S3", ["5-[[4-[2-(5-ethyl-2-pyridinyl)-2-oxoethoxy]phenyl]methyl]thiazolidine-2,4-dione is an aromatic ether.", "Mitoglitazone has been used in trials studying the treatment of Type 2 Diabetes and Alzheimer's Disease."]], ["CC-401", "C1CCN(CC1)CCOC2=CC=CC(=C2)C3=NNC4=C3C=C(C=C4)C5=NC=NN5", ["3-[3-[2-(1-piperidinyl)ethoxy]phenyl]-5-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)-1H-indazole is a member of pyrazoles and a ring assembly.", "CC-401 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Myeloid Leukemia.", "JNK Inhibitor CC-401 is a second generation ATP-competitive anthrapyrazolone c-Jun N terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor with potential antineoplastic activity. Based on the chemistry of SP600125, another anthrapyrazolone inhibitor of JNK, CC-401 competitively binds the ATP binding site of JNK, resulting in inhibition of the phosphorylation of the N-terminal activation domain of transcription factor c-Jun; decreased transcription activity of c-Jun; and a variety of cellular effects including decreased cellular proliferation."]], ["Tyrosine kinase-IN-1", "CCN1CCC(CC1)NC2=CC\\3=C(C=C2)NC(=O)/C3=C(/C4=CC(=CC=C4)F)\\C5=NC=C(N5)C", ["XL999 has the potential to provide benefit to patients with lung cancer and acute myelogenous leukemia. XL999 is a new chemical entity that inhibits a spectrum of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) with growth promoting and angiogenic properties, including FGFR 1/3, PDGFR\u03b1/\u03b2, VEGFR2/KDR, KIT, and FLT3. XL999 also inhibits FLT4 and SRC. XL999 has the potential to prevent tumor growth \u2014 both directly by a novel effect on tumor cell proliferation and indirectly through inhibition of the host angiogenic response. XL999 induces a cell-cycle block by a mechanism distinct from those previously identified and exhibits broad antitumor activity in xenograft models.", "FGFR/VEGFR/PDGFR/FLT3/SRC Inhibitor XL999 is a small molecule inhibitor of numerous tyrosine kinases (TKs) including fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR), platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR), FMS-related tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3), and SRC, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, XL999 binds to and inhibits the activity of these TKs, thereby preventing both the activation of downstream signaling pathways and the proliferation of tumor cells overexpressing these TKs. FGFR, VEGFR, PDGFR, FLT-3, and SRC are upregulated in a variety of cancer cell types and play key roles in tumor cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastasis."]], ["(-)-Nicotine hydrogen tartrate", "CN1CCCC1C2=CN=CC=C2.C(C(C(=O)O)O)(C(=O)O)O.C(C(C(=O)O)O)(C(=O)O)O", ["Nicotine tartrate appears as a reddish white crystalline solid. Combustible. Toxic by inhalation (dust, etc.) and may be toxic by skin absorption. Produces toxic oxides of nitrogen during combustion."]], ["(S)-Morpholin-3-ylmethyl (4-((1-(3-fluorobenzyl)-1H-indazol-5-yl)amino)-5-methylpyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-6-yl)carbamate", "CC1=C2C(=NC=NN2C=C1NC(=O)OC[C@@H]3COCCN3)NC4=CC5=C(C=C4)N(N=C5)CC6=CC(=CC=C6)F", ["BMS-599626 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Cancer, Metastases, and HER2 or EGFR Expressing Advanced Solid Malignancies.", "pan-HER Kinase Inhibitor AC480 is an orally bioavailable pan-HER tyrosine kinase inhibitor with potential antineoplastic activity. BMS-599626 inhibits human epidermal growth factor receptors (HER) HER1, HER2 and HER4, thereby inhibiting the proliferation of tumor cells that overexpress these receptors. (NCI05)"]], ["Galidesivir", "C1=C(C2=C(N1)C(=NC=N2)N)[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](N3)CO)O)O", ["Galidesivir is an adenosine analogue that has been investigated for use against Zaire Ebolavirus. In animal studies, galidesivir was effective in increasing the survival rates from infections caused by various pathogens, including Ebola, Marburg, Yellow Fever and Zika viruses. In vitro, it displayed broad-spectrum antiviral activity against various negative- and positive-sense RNA viruses, including coronaviruses, filoviruses, and arenaviruses. Phase 1 clinical trials have begun to determine the safety of this drug in humans. Because of its activity against other coronaviruses, it may be studied as a potential therapy for COVID-19.", "Galidesivir is an adenosine analog and RNA polymerase inhibitor, with potential broad-spectrum antiviral activity. Upon administration, galidesivir is metabolized to its monophosphate form, which is then converted into the active triphosphate nucleotide. Galidesivir triphosphate binds to viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and gets incorporated into the growing viral RNA strand, which leads to premature chain termination. This prevents viral transcription and replication."]], ["Etamicastat", "C1[C@H](COC2=C1C=C(C=C2F)F)N3C(=CNC3=S)CCN", ["Etamicastat is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02840565 (Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Six Multiple Rising Dose Regimens of BIA 5-453)."]], ["Bevenopran", "COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)CNCCC2CCOCC2)OC3=NC=C(N=C3)C(=O)N", ["Bevenopran is an aromatic ether.", "Bevenopran has been used in trials studying the treatment of Renal Impairment and Opioid-Induced Constipation."]], ["Ipragliflozin", "C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C=C(S2)CC3=C(C=CC(=C3)[C@H]4[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O4)CO)O)O)O)F", ["Ipragliflozin is a glycoside.", "Ipragliflozin is under investigation in Type 2 Diabetes and Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2."]], ["Ondelopran", "C1COCCC1CCNCC2=CC(=C(C=C2)OC3=NC=C(C=C3)C(=O)N)F", ["Ondelopran has been used in trials studying the treatment of Alcohol Dependence."]], ["Tesevatinib", "CN1C[C@H]2CC(C[C@H]2C1)COC3=C(C=C4C(=C3)N=CN=C4NC5=C(C(=C(C=C5)Cl)Cl)F)OC", ["Tesevatinib is a member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline substituted by (3,4-dichloro-2-fluorophenyl)amino, methoxy, and [(3aR,5r,6aS)-2-methyloctahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrrol-5-yl]methoxy groups at positions 4, 6 and 7, respectively. It is a multi-target tyrosine kinase inhibitor of EGFR, ErbB2, KDR, Flt4 and EphB4 and exhibits anti-cancer properties. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent, an EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor and an epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist. It is a member of quinazolines, an aromatic ether, a member of monofluorobenzenes, a dichlorobenzene, a secondary amino compound, a diether and a tertiary amino compound.", "Tesevatinib has been used in trials studying the treatment of Cancer, Stomach Cancer, Brain Metastases, Esophageal Cancer, and Leptomeningeal Metastases, among others.  Tesevatinib is a potent inhibitor of multiple RTKs implicated in driving tumor cell proliferation and tumor vascularization (blood vessel formation). Tesevatinib inhibits the EGF, HER2, and VEGF RTKs, each of which is a target of currently approved cancer therapies. In addition, tesevatinib inhibits EphB4, an RTK that is highly expressed in many human tumors and plays a role in promoting angiogenesis. In a broad array of preclinical tumor models including breast, lung, colon and prostate cancer, XL647 demonstrated potent inhibition of tumor growth and causes tumor regression. In cell culture models, tesevatinib retains significant potency against mutant EGFRs that are resistant to current EGFR inhibitors.", "Tesevatinib is an orally bioavailable small-molecule receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibitor with potential antineoplastic activity. Tesevatinib binds to and inhibits several tyrosine receptor kinases that play major roles in tumor cell proliferation and tumor vascularization, including epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR; ERBB1), epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2; ERBB2), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR), and ephrin B4 (EphB4). This may result in the inhibition of tumor growth and angiogenesis, and tumor regression."]], ["Atopaxar", "CCOC1=C(C(=C2C(=C1)CN(C2=N)CC(=O)C3=CC(=C(C(=C3)N4CCOCC4)OC)C(C)(C)C)F)OCC", ["Atopaxar is an aromatic ketone.", "Atopaxar has been investigated for the treatment of Coronary Artery Disease and Acute Coronary Syndrome."]], ["Resolvin E1", "CC[C@H](/C=C/C=C\\C[C@H](/C=C/C=C/C=C\\[C@H](CCCC(=O)O)O)O)O", ["Resolvin E1 is a resolvin that is (6Z,8E,10E,14Z,16E)-icosa-6,8,10,14,16-pentaenoic acid which is substituted at positions 5, 12 and 18 by hydroxy groups (the 5S,12R,18R stereoisomer). It has a role as an anti-inflammatory agent and a human xenobiotic metabolite. It is a nonclassic icosanoid, a long-chain fatty acid, a resolvin, a triol and a hydroxy polyunsaturated fatty acid. It is a conjugate acid of a resolvin E1(1-).", "Resolvin E1 (RX 10001) is under investigation in clinical trial NCT00941018 (Single and Multiple Ascending Oral Dose Study of Resolvin E1 in Healthy Volunteers).", "Resolvin E1 is a polyunsaturated fatty acid in the resolvin family that is a poly-hydroxyl metabolite of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), with potential analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities."]], ["2-[16-(1-Aminoethyl)-3-[[4-amino-2-[[(E)-12-methyltridec-3-enoyl]amino]-4-oxobutanoyl]amino]-22,28-bis(carboxymethyl)-4-methyl-2,6,12,15,18,21,24,27,30,33-decaoxo-13-propan-2-yl-1,5,11,14,17,20,23,26,29,32-decazatricyclo[32.4.0.07,11]octatriacontan-31-yl]propanoic acid", "CC1C(C(=O)N2CCCCC2C(=O)NC(C(=O)NC(C(=O)NCC(=O)NC(C(=O)NCC(=O)NC(C(=O)NC(C(=O)N3CCCC3C(=O)N1)C(C)C)C(C)N)CC(=O)O)CC(=O)O)C(C)C(=O)O)NC(=O)C(CC(=O)N)NC(=O)C/C=C/CCCCCCCC(C)C", ["2-[16-(1-Aminoethyl)-3-[[4-amino-2-[[(E)-12-methyltridec-3-enoyl]amino]-4-oxobutanoyl]amino]-22,28-bis(carboxymethyl)-4-methyl-2,6,12,15,18,21,24,27,30,33-decaoxo-13-propan-2-yl-1,5,11,14,17,20,23,26,29,32-decazatricyclo[32.4.0.07,11]octatriacontan-31-yl]propanoic acid is a natural product found in Actinoplanes friuliensis with data available."]], ["CID 10557575", "CC1=C2[C@H](C(=O)[C@@]3([C@H](C[C@@H]4[C@](C3[C@@H]([C@@]5(C2(C)C)[C@H]([C@@H]1OC(=O)[C@@H]([C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)OC(C)(C)C)O)OC(=O)O5)OC(=O)C6=CC=CC=C6)(CO4)OC(=O)C)O)C)OC(=O)C", ["Ortataxel is a semisynthetic, second-generation taxane derivative with potential antineoplastic activity. Ortataxel binds to and stabilizes tubulin molecules, thereby interfering with the dynamics of microtubule assembly/disassembly. This results in the inhibition of cell division and cellular proliferation. As it represents a poor substrate for P-glycoprotein (P-gp), multi-drug resistance protein (MRP-1) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) mediated efflux, ortataxel modulates multi-drug resistance mechanisms and may be useful for treating multi-drug resistant tumors that express Pgp, MRP-1 and BCRP."]], ["Vinflunine", "CC[C@@]12C=CCN3[C@@H]1[C@]4(CC3)[C@H]([C@]([C@@H]2OC(=O)C)(C(=O)OC)O)N(C5=CC(=C(C=C45)[C@]6(C[C@@H]7C[C@H](CN(C7)CC8=C6NC9=CC=CC=C89)C(C)(F)F)C(=O)OC)OC)C", ["Vinflunine is an organic heteropentacyclic compound and an organic heterotetracyclic compound that is vinorelbine in which the tetrahydropyridine moiety of the heterotetracyclic part of the molecule has been redced to the corresponding piperidine, and in which the ethyl group attached to this ring has been replaced by a 1,1-difluoroethyl group. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent. It is an organic heteropentacyclic compound, an organic heterotetracyclic compound, a semisynthetic derivative, a methyl ester, an acetate ester and a vinca alkaloid. It is functionally related to a vinorelbine.", "Vinflunine is a third-generation member of the vinca alkaloid family with anti-tumour actions. It was first described in 1998 at the Pierre Fabre research center in France. Like other vinca agents, vinflunine is an anti-mitotic agent that induces a cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase and promotes cell death via apoptosis. Vinflunine is a microtubule inhibitor that binds to tubulin at or near to the vinca binding sites to inhibits its polymerization into microtubules during cell proliferation. In murine tumors and human tumor xenografts, vinflunine exhibits an antitumor efficacy than [DB00361], [DB00570], and [DB00541].   Having an incidence of 429,700 new cases per year worldwide, urothelial carcinoma of the bladder is one of the most common malignancies that mostly affects individuals aged 50\u201379 years. Some patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma experience inadequate therapeutic response from a prior platinum-containing regimen. While these patients have a median survival of approximately 4 months and a poor prognosis, there is currently no standard therapy in patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma. In 2009, vinflunine was approved by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) as a second-line therapy of metastatic and advanced urothelial cancer after failure of platinum-based treatment. Vinflunine ditartrate is an active ingredient in the EMA-authorised product Javlor for intravenous infusion. Efficacy and safety of vinflunine has not been studied in patients with performance status of 2 or less. The clinical use of vinflunine in other urologic malignancies, such as inoperable cancer of the penis, are currently have been investigated.", "Vinflunine is a bi-fluorinated derivative of the semi-synthetic vinca alkaloid vinorelbine with antitubulin, antineoplastic, and antiangiogenic activities. Vinflunine inhibits tubulin assembly without any stablization of assembled microtubules at concentrations comparable to those of other vinca alkaloids such as vincristine, vinblastine and vinorelbine; this effect on microtubule dynamics results in cell cycle arrest in mitosis and apoptosis. Compared to other vinca alkaloids, this agent binds weakly to the vinca-binding site, indicating that vinflunine may exhibit reduced neurotoxicity."]], ["methyl (S)-phenyl[(S)-piperidin-2-yl]acetate", "COC(=O)[C@H]([C@@H]1CCCCN1)C2=CC=CC=C2", ["Methyl (S)-phenyl[(S)-piperidin-2-yl]acetate is a methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate in which both stereocentres have S configuration. It is the inactive enantiomer in the racemic drug methylphenidate. It is an enantiomer of a dexmethylphenidate.", "Methylphenidate is a Central Nervous System Stimulant. The physiologic effect of methylphenidate is by means of Central Nervous System Stimulation.", "Methylphenidate is a synthetic central nervous system stimulant. Methylphenidate appears to activate the brain stem arousal system and cortex to produce its stimulant effect and, in some clinical settings, may improve cognitive function.", "A central nervous system stimulant used most commonly in the treatment of ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER in children and for NARCOLEPSY. Its mechanisms appear to be similar to those of DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The d-isomer of this drug is referred to as DEXMETHYLPHENIDATE HYDROCHLORIDE."]], ["Lunacalcipol", "C[C@H](C/C=C/S(=O)(=O)C(C)(C)C)C1=CC[C@@H]\\2[C@@]1(CCC/C2=C\\C=C/3\\C[C@H](C[C@@H](C3=C)O)O)C", ["Lunacalcipol is a vitamin D.", "CTA018 is a member of a new class of vitamin D analogues with a dual mechanism of action, called Vitamin D Signal Amplifiers. This proprietary new drug is both a potent inhibitor of CYP24 (the enzyme responsible for the breakdown of vitamin D) and a potent activator of vitamin D signaling pathways. CTA018 will be the first drug with this novel dual mechanism of action to enter clinical development. Preclinical studies have shown that CTA018 inhibits the proliferation of rapidly dividing cells such as human epidermal keratinocytes (skin cells) and is also effective in inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion which may be involved in the etiology of psoriasis. Cytochroma anticipates that CTA018 will be more potent than currently marketed vitamin D analogues such as calcitriol and calcipotriol and it is expected to have a greater safety index."]], ["Cefotaxime sodium", "CC(=O)OCC1=C(N2[C@@H]([C@@H](C2=O)NC(=O)/C(=N\\OC)/C3=CSC(=N3)N)SC1)C(=O)[O-].[Na+]", ["Cefotaxime sodium is a cephalosporin organic sodium salt having acetoxymethyl and [2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino side-groups. It contains a cefotaxime(1-).", "Cefotaxime Sodium is the sodium salt form of cefotaxime, a beta-lactam, third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with bactericidal activity. Cefotaxime sodium binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBP) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall. Inactivation of PBPs interferes with the cross-linking of peptidoglycan chains necessary for bacterial cell wall strength and rigidity. This results in the weakening of the bacterial cell wall and causes cell lysis. Compared to the second and first generation cephalosporins, cefotaxime sodium is more active against gram-negative bacteria and less active against gram-positive bacteria.", "Semisynthetic broad-spectrum cephalosporin."]], ["D-Tryptophan, N-((5-(2-(4-methylphenyl)ethynyl)-2-thienyl)sulfonyl)-", "CC1=CC=C(C=C1)C#CC2=CC=C(S2)S(=O)(=O)N[C@H](CC3=CNC4=CC=CC=C43)C(=O)O", ["S-3304 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Lung Cancer, Solid Tumors, Non Small Cell Lung Cancer, Stage IIIB Non Small Cell Lung Cancer, and Stage IIIA Non Small Cell Lung Cancer, among others.", "MMP Inhibitor S-3304 is an orally-agent agent with potential antineoplastic activity.  S-3304 inhibits matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), thereby inducing extracellular matrix degradation, and inhibiting angiogenesis, tumor growth and invasion, and metastasis. (NCI04)"]], ["(2R,3S,4R,5R,8S,10R,11R,12S,13S,14R)-11-[(2S,3R,4S,6R)-4-(Dimethylamino)-3-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-2-ethyl-3,4,10-trihydroxy-13-[(2R,4R,5S,6S)-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-4,6-dimethyloxan-2-yl]oxy-3,5,6,8,10,12,14-heptamethyl-1-oxa-6-azacyclopentadecan-15-one", "CC[C@@H]1[C@@]([C@@H]([C@H](N(C[C@H](C[C@@]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](C(=O)O1)C)O[C@H]2C[C@@]([C@H]([C@@H](O2)C)O)(C)OC)C)O[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@H](C[C@H](O3)C)N(C)C)O)(C)O)C)C)C)O)(C)O", ["A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic structurally related to ERYTHROMYCIN. It has been used in the treatment of Mycobacterium avium intracellulare infections, toxoplasmosis, and cryptosporidiosis."]], ["Fluciclovine", "C1C(CC1(C(=O)O)N)F", ["Fluciclovine is a member of the class of cyclobutanes that is cyclobutane which carries a carboxy, amino and fluoro groups at positions 1, 1 and 3, respectively (the 1r,3r-stereoisomer). It is an alpha-amino acid, a fluoroamino acid, a member of cyclobutanes, a monocarboxylic acid and a primary amino compound.", "Fluciclovine is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03036943 (Fluciclovine (18F) Imaging of Breast Cancer)."]], ["Epothilone", "C[C@H]1CCC[C@@H]2[C@@H](O2)C[C@H](OC(=O)C[C@H](C(C(=O)[C@@H]([C@H]1O)C)(C)C)O)/C(=C/C3=CSC(=N3)C)/C", ["A group of 16-member MACROLIDES which stabilize MICROTUBULES in a manner similar to PACLITAXEL. They were originally found in the myxobacterium Sorangium cellulosum, now renamed to Polyangium (MYXOCOCCALES)."]], ["Fluoroestradiol F-18", "C[C@]12CC[C@H]3[C@H]([C@@H]1C[C@H]([C@@H]2O)[18F])CCC4=C3C=CC(=C4)O", ["Fluoroestradiol F-18 is an imaging agent used with positron emission tomography (PET) to detect estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer lesions. The ability to image ER-positive tumors in vivo is advantageous in that, while helping to visualize tumor progression/regression, it may also be used to assess for heterogeneity in ER expression across metastases (i.e. to identify sites that no longer express ER) without the need for multiple biopsies.  Fluoroestradiol F-18 was first granted FDA approval in May 2020, and will be developed by PETNET Solutions, Inc. and Zionexa USA under the brand name Cerianna. It is expected to be available in late 2020/early 2021.", "Fluoroestradiol f-18 is a Radioactive Diagnostic Agent. The mechanism of action of fluoroestradiol f-18 is as a Positron Emitting Activity.", "F-18 16 Alpha-Fluoroestradiol is a radiopharmaceutical consisting of an estradiol analogue radiolabeled with the positron-emitting isotope fluorine F 18. F-18 16 alpha-fluoroestradiol is actively taken up in tumor cells expressing the estrogen receptor (ER), allowing visualization of ER-positive tumor cells with positron emission tomography (PET). Uptake of this agent depends upon the ER status of target tissues."]], ["CID 10898559", "[CH3-].CC1=CC2=C(C=C1C)N(C=N2)[C@@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O3)CO)OP(=O)([O-])OC(C)CNC(=O)CC[C@@]4([C@H]([C@@H]5[C@]6([C@@]([C@@H](/C(=C(/C7=N/C(=C\\C8=N/C(=C(\\C4=N5)/C)/[C@H](C8(C)C)CCC(=O)N)/[C@H]([C@]7(C)CC(=O)N)CCC(=O)N)\\C)/[N-]6)CCC(=O)N)(C)CC(=O)N)C)CC(=O)N)C)O.[Co+3]", ["Mecobalamin is a synthetic and active form of vitamin B12 that can cross the blood brain barrier without biotransformation, that may be used to treat or prevent vitamin B12 deficiency and its complications. Upon administration, mecobalamin is able to replace endogenous vitamin B12, increase vitamin B12 levels and improve vitamin B12 deficiency. Vitamin B12 is necessary for hematopoiesis, neural metabolism, DNA and RNA production, and carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism. It improves iron functions in the metabolic cycle and assists folic acid in choline synthesis. Its metabolism is interconnected with that of folic acid."]], ["Ammonium benzoicum", "C1=CC=C(C=C1)C(=O)O.N", ["Ammonium benzoate appears as a white crystalline solid. Soluble in water. The primary hazard is the threat to the environment. Immediate steps should be taken to limit spread to the environment. Used in medicine and as a food preservative."]], ["Carbonic acid, 2-(12-(2-(benzoyloxy)propyl)-3,10-dihydro-4,9-dihydroxy-2,6,7,11-tetramethoxy-3,10-dioxo-1-perylenyl)-1-methylethyl 4-hydroxyphenyl ester", "C[C@H](CC1=C2C3=C(C(=C(C4=C3C(=C5C2=C(C(=O)C=C5OC)C(=C1OC)O)C(=CC4=O)OC)O)OC)C[C@@H](C)OC(=O)OC6=CC=C(C=C6)O)OC(=O)C7=CC=CC=C7", ["Carbonic acid, 2-(12-(2-(benzoyloxy)propyl)-3,10-dihydro-4,9-dihydroxy-2,6,7,11-tetramethoxy-3,10-dioxo-1-perylenyl)-1-methylethyl 4-hydroxyphenyl ester is a natural product found in Cladosporium cladosporioides with data available."]], ["Concerta", "COC(=O)C(C1CCCC[NH2+]1)C2=CC=CC=C2.[Cl-]", ["Methylphenidate hydrochloride is a hydrochloride. It has a role as a central nervous system stimulant. It contains a methylphenidate(1+).", "A central nervous system stimulant used most commonly in the treatment of ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER in children and for NARCOLEPSY. Its mechanisms appear to be similar to those of DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The d-isomer of this drug is referred to as DEXMETHYLPHENIDATE HYDROCHLORIDE."]], ["Namitecan", "CC[C@@]1(C2=C(COC1=O)C(=O)N3CC4=C(C5=CC=CC=C5N=C4C3=C2)/C=N/OCCN)O", ["Namitecan has been used in trials studying the treatment of Solid Tumors."]], ["Raclopride C 11", "CCN1CCC[C@H]1CNC(=O)C2=C(C(=CC(=C2O[11CH3])Cl)Cl)O", ["A substituted benzamide that has antipsychotic properties. It is a dopamine D2 receptor (see RECEPTORS, DOPAMINE D2) antagonist."]], ["Razupenem", "C[C@H]1C=C(CN1)C2=CSC(=N2)SC3=C(N4[C@H]([C@H]3C)[C@H](C4=O)[C@@H](C)O)C(=O)O", ["Razupenem has been used in trials studying the treatment of Skin Infections.", "Razupenem is a broad-spectrum carbapenem with activity against gram-positive bacteria, including methicillin-resistant S. aureus."]], ["Sodium tetrachloropalladate(II)", "[Na+].[Na+].Cl[Pd-2](Cl)(Cl)Cl", ["Disodium tetrachloropalladate is an inorganic sodium salt in which the counteranion is tetrachloropalladate(2-). It contains a tetrachloropalladate(2-)."]], ["Fulminic acid, mercury(2+) salt", "C(#[N+][O-])[Hg]C#[N+][O-]", ["Mercury difulminate is an organomercury compound that is the bis(N-oxide) of mercury(II) cyanide. It is a highly shock- and friction-sensitive explosive. It has a role as an explosive.", "Mercury(II) fulminate is a chemical compound of mercury. It is a primary explosive and highly sensitive to friction and shock, thus mainly used as a trigger for other explosives in percussion caps and blasting caps. Mercury is a heavy, silvery d-block metal and one of six elements that are liquid at or near room temperature and pressure. It is a naturally occuring substance, and combines with other elements such as chlorine, sulfur, or oxygen to form inorganic mercury compounds (salts). Mercury also combines with carbon to make organic mercury compounds. (L1, L425)"]], ["Zoloft", "C[NH2+][C@H]1CC[C@H](C2=CC=CC=C12)C3=CC(=C(C=C3)Cl)Cl.[Cl-]", ["A selective serotonin uptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of depression.", "See also: Sertraline Hydrochloride (preferred)."]], ["(2S,3R,5R,10R,13R,14S,17S)-2,3,14-trihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-17-[(2R,3R)-2,3,6-trihydroxy-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-2,3,4,5,9,11,12,15,16,17-decahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-6-one", "C[C@]12CCC3C(=CC(=O)[C@H]4[C@@]3(C[C@@H]([C@@H](C4)O)O)C)[C@@]1(CC[C@@H]2[C@](C)([C@@H](CCC(C)(C)O)O)O)O", ["(2s,3r,5r,10r,13r,14s,17s)-2,3,14-trihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-17-[(2r,3r)-2,3,6-trihydroxy-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-2,3,4,5,9,11,12,15,16,17-decahydro-1h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-6-one is a steroid.", "A steroid hormone that regulates the processes of MOLTING or ecdysis in insects. Ecdysterone is the 20-hydroxylated ECDYSONE."]], ["3',4'-Anhydrovinblastine", "CCC1=C[C@H]2C[C@@](C3=C(CCN(C2)C1)C4=CC=CC=C4N3)(C5=C(C=C6C(=C5)[C@]78CCN9[C@H]7[C@@](C=CC9)([C@H]([C@@]([C@@H]8N6C)(C(=O)OC)O)OC(=O)C)CC)OC)C(=O)OC", ["Anhydrovinblastine has been used in trials studying the treatment of Unspecified Adult Solid Tumor, Protocol Specific.", "Anhydrovinblastine is a semisynthetic derivative of the vinca alkaloid vinblastine, with potential antineoplastic activity. Like vinblastine, anhydrovinblastine targets and binds to tubulin and inhibits microtubule formation, resulting in disruption of mitotic spindle assembly and causing tumor cell cycle arrest in the M phase."]], ["methyl (1R,10S,11R,12R,19R)-11-acetyloxy-12-ethyl-4-[(13S,15R,17S)-17-ethyl-17-hydroxy-13-methoxycarbonyl-1,11-diazatetracyclo[13.3.1.04,12.05,10]nonadeca-4(12),5,7,9-tetraen-13-yl]-10-hydroxy-5-methoxy-8-methyl-8,16-diazapentacyclo[10.6.1.01,9.02,7.016,19]nonadeca-2,4,6,13-tetraene-10-carboxylate", "CC[C@@]1(C[C@H]2C[C@@](C3=C(CCN(C2)C1)C4=CC=CC=C4N3)(C5=C(C=C6C(=C5)[C@]78CCN9[C@H]7[C@@](C=CC9)([C@H]([C@@](C8N6C)(C(=O)OC)O)OC(=O)C)CC)OC)C(=O)OC)O", ["Vinblastine is a natural alkaloid isolated from the plant Vinca rosea Linn. Vinblastine binds to tubulin and inhibits microtubule formation, resulting in disruption of mitotic spindle assembly and arrest of tumor cells in the M phase of the cell cycle. This agent may also interfere with amino acid, cyclic AMP, and glutathione metabolism; calmodulin-dependent Ca++ -transport ATPase activity; cellular respiration; and nucleic acid and lipid biosynthesis. (NCI04)"]], ["(2S,3R,5R,9R,10R,13R,14S)-2,3,14-Trihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-17-((2R,3R)-2,3,6-trihydroxy-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-2,3,4,5,9,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-6(10H)-one", "C[C@]12CC[C@H]3C(=CC(=O)[C@H]4[C@@]3(C[C@@H]([C@@H](C4)O)O)C)[C@@]1(CCC2[C@](C)([C@@H](CCC(C)(C)O)O)O)O", ["A steroid hormone that regulates the processes of MOLTING or ecdysis in insects. Ecdysterone is the 20-hydroxylated ECDYSONE."]], ["Iolopride (123I)", "CCN1CCC[C@H]1CNC(=O)C2=C(C=CC(=C2O)[123I])OC", ["Iolopride I-123 is a radiopharmaceutical containing the dopamine D2/D3 receptor agonist iodobenzamide (IBZM) labeled with the radionuclide iodine I 123 with dopamine receptor-binding and radioisotopic activities. Upon administration, iodine I 123 iodobenzamide binds to dopamine D2/D3 receptors; subsequently, tissues expressing these receptors can be visualized using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Dopamine receptors are a class of metabotropic G protein-coupled receptors found in the central nervous system (CNS) and neuroendocrine tumors such as pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma."]], ["Methanesulfonamide, N-(3-(3-((2,3-dihydro-2-hydroxy-1H-inden-2-yl)methyl)-6-ethyl-3-azabicyclo(3.1.0)hex-6-yl)phenyl)-", "CCC1([C@H]2[C@@H]1CN(C2)CC3(CC4=CC=CC=C4C3)O)C5=CC(=CC=C5)NS(=O)(=O)C", ["CP-866,087 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Obesity, Alcoholism, and Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological."]], ["Cariprazine", "CN(C)C(=O)NC1CCC(CC1)CCN2CCN(CC2)C3=C(C(=CC=C3)Cl)Cl", ["Cariprazine is an N-alkylpiperazine that is N,N-dimethyl-N'-{trans-4-[2-(piperazin-1-yl)ethyl]cyclohexyl}urea substituted at position 4 on the piperazine ring by a 2,3-dichlorophenyl group. Used (as the hydrochloride salt) for treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. It has a role as a dopamine agonist, a second generation antipsychotic and a serotonergic antagonist. It is a member of ureas, a N-alkylpiperazine, a N-arylpiperazine and a dichlorobenzene. It is a conjugate base of a cariprazine(1+).", "Cariprazine is an atypical antipsychotic agent and a piperazine derivative that was first developed in Hungary. It works as a partial agonist at central dopamine D2, dopamine D3, and serotonin 5-HT1A receptors and as an antagonist at serotonin 5-HT2A receptors.  Cariprazine has been investigated in a variety of psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorders, and major depressive disorder. Cariprazine gained its first global approval in the US in September 2015 and was later approved by Health Canada in April 2022. It is currently used to treat schizophrenia, and manic or mixed episodes and depressive episodes associated with bipolar I disorder.", "Cariprazine is an Atypical Antipsychotic.", "Cariprazine is an atypical antipsychotic used in the treatment of schizophrenia and manic or mixed episodes of bipolar disorder. Cariprazine has been associated with a low rate of serum aminotransferase elevations during therapy, but it has not been linked to instances of clinically apparent acute liver injury."]], ["2-Amino-2-(2-(2-chloro-4-(3-benzyloxyphenylthio)phenyl)ethyl)-1,3-propanediol", "C1=CC=C(C=C1)COC2=CC(=CC=C2)SC3=CC(=C(C=C3)CCC(CO)(CO)N)Cl", ["Mocravimod is a sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptor agonist, with potential immunosuppressive activity. Upon administration of mocravimod, this agent binds to S1P receptors on lymphocytes, which prevents binding of serum S1P to S1P receptors and leads to S1P receptor internalization. This reduces the number of circulating blood leukocytes and accelerates lymphocyte homing into peripheral lymph nodes, thereby preventing their infiltration into peripheral inflammatory sites. This agent also decreases the production of inflammatory cytokines by lymphocytes, such as interferon gamma (IFN-g), interleukin-12 (IL-12), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)."]], ["Acelarin", "C[C@@H](C(=O)OCC1=CC=CC=C1)NP(=O)(OC[C@@H]2[C@H](C([C@@H](O2)N3C=CC(=NC3=O)N)(F)F)O)OC4=CC=CC=C4", ["NUC-1031 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03610100 (Acelarin First Line Randomised Pancreatic Study)."]], ["Tetrodotoxin", "C([C@@]1([C@H]2[C@@H]3[C@H](N=C(N[C@@]34[C@@H]([C@@H]1O[C@]([C@H]4O)(O2)O)O)N)O)O)O", ["Spheroidine is a natural product found in Cynops ensicauda, Nassarius conoidalis, and other organisms with data available.", "Tetrodotoxin is a neurotoxin with potential analgesic activity. Tetrodotoxin binds to the pores of fast voltage-gated fast sodium channels in nerve cell membranes, inhibiting nerve action potentials and blocking nerve transmission. Although found in various species of fish (such as the pufferfish), newts, frogs, flatworms, and crabs, tetrodotoxin, for which there is no known antidote, is actually produced by bacteria such as Vibrio alginolyticus, Pseudoalteromonas tetraodonis, and other vibrio and pseudomonas bacterial species.", "An aminoperhydroquinazoline poison found mainly in the liver and ovaries of fishes in the order TETRAODONTIFORMES, which are eaten. The toxin causes paresthesia and paralysis through interference with neuromuscular conduction."]], ["4-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-[4-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)phenyl]piperidine", "C1CNCCC1(C2=CC=C(C=C2)C3=CNN=C3)C4=CC=C(C=C4)Cl", ["AT7867 is a member of the class of piperidines carrying two aryl substituents (4-chlorophenyl and 4-(pyrazol-4-yl)phenyl) at position 4. It has a role as an EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor and an antineoplastic agent. It is a member of pyrazoles, a member of piperidines and a member of monochlorobenzenes."]], ["Sepantronium bromide", "CC1=[N+](C2=C(N1CCOC)C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3C2=O)CC4=NC=CN=C4.[Br-]", ["Sepantronium bromide is an organic bromide salt consisting of sepantronium cations and bromide anions. It has been found to selectively inhibit survivin (BIRC5) gene promoter activity and to down-regulate survivin in vitro, so leading to induction of apoptosis. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent, a survivin suppressant and an apoptosis inducer. It contains a sepantronium.", "Sepantronium Bromide is a small-molecule proapoptotic agent with potential antineoplastic activity. Sepantronium bromide selectively inhibits survivin expression in tumor cells, resulting in inhibition of survivin antiapoptotic activity (via the extrinsic or intrinsic apoptotic pathways) and tumor cell apoptosis. Survivin, a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) gene family, is expressed during embryonal development and is absent in most normal, terminally differentiated tissues; upregulated in a variety of human cancers, its expression in tumors is associated with a more aggressive phenotype, shorter survival times, and a decreased response to chemotherapy."]], ["spiruchostatin A", "C[C@@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H]2CSSCC/C=C/[C@H](CC(=O)N1)OC(=O)C[C@@H]([C@H](NC2=O)C(C)C)O", ["OBP-801 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Solid Tumor.", "HDAC Inhibitor OBP-801 is an inhibitor of histone deacetylase (HDAC) enzymes, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, OBP-801 inhibits the activity of HDACs; this results in an accumulation of highly acetylated chromatin histones, the induction of chromatin remodeling and an altered pattern of gene expression. This leads to selective transcription of tumor suppressor genes, tumor suppressor protein-mediated inhibition of tumor cell division and induction of tumor cell apoptosis. This may inhibit proliferation of susceptible tumor cells. HDAC, which is upregulated in many tumor cell types, deacetylates chromatin histone proteins."]], ["3-(4-Chlorophenyl)-N-((4-chlorophenyl)sulfonyl)-N'-methyl-4-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-1-carboximidamide", "CN=C(NS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(C=C1)Cl)N2CC(C(=N2)C3=CC=C(C=C3)Cl)C4=CC=CC=C4", ["SLV319 belongs to a novel class of agents called CB1 antagonists, which work by blocking the cannabinoid type 1 (CB1) receptor. It is developed for the treatment of obesity and other metabolic disorders."]], ["Azeliragon", "CCCCC1=NC(=CN1C2=CC=C(C=C2)OC3=CC=C(C=C3)Cl)C4=CC=C(C=C4)OCCCN(CC)CC", ["Azeliragon has been used in trials studying the treatment of Alzheimer's Disease."]], ["Edivoxetine", "COC1=C(C=C(C=C1)F)C[C@]([C@@H]2CNCCO2)(C3CCOCC3)O", ["Edivoxetine is a drug which acts as a selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor and is currently under development by Eli Lilly for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and as an antidepressant treatment. Edivoxetine failed to be approved for major depressive disorder after phase III clinical trials in 2012."]], ["(4-Chlorophenyl) 6-chloro-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3,4,9-tetrahydropyrido[3,4-b]indole-2-carboxylate", "COC1=CC=C(C=C1)C2C3=C(CCN2C(=O)OC4=CC=C(C=C4)Cl)C5=C(N3)C=CC(=C5)Cl", ["PTC299 is a novel, orally administered small-molecule designed to inhibit the production of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in tumors. Overexpression of VEGF plays a key role in multiple diseases including cancer and macular degeneration. PTC299 was discovered through PTC's GEMS technology by targeting the post-transcriptional processes that regulate VEGF formation, and is currently being developed for the treatment of cancer.", "Emvododstat is an orally bioavailable, small molecule inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) synthesis with potential antiangiogenesis and antineoplastic activities. Emvododstat targets post-transcriptionally by selectively binding the 5'- and 3'-untranslated regions (UTR) of VEGF messenger RNA (mRNA), thereby preventing translation of VEGF. This inhibits VEGF protein production and decreases its levels in the tumor and bloodstream. In turn, this may result in the inhibition of migration, proliferation and survival of endothelial cells, microvessel formation, the inhibition of tumor cell proliferation, and eventually the induction of tumor cell death. VEGFs are upregulated in a variety of tumor cell types and play key roles during angiogenesis. In addition, emvododstat may enhance the antitumor activity of other chemotherapeutic agents."]], ["N-[2-[(3S)-3-[[4-hydroxy-4-(5-pyrimidin-2-ylpyridin-2-yl)cyclohexyl]amino]pyrrolidin-1-yl]-2-oxoethyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide", "C1CN(C[C@H]1NC2CCC(CC2)(C3=NC=C(C=C3)C4=NC=CC=N4)O)C(=O)CNC(=O)C5=CC(=CC=C5)C(F)(F)F", ["CCR2 Antagonist PF-04136309 is an orally available human chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) antagonist with potential immunomodulating and antineoplastic activities. Upon oral administration, CCR2 antagonist PF-04136309 specifically binds to CCR2 and prevents binding of the endothelium-derived chemokine ligand CLL2 (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 or MCP1) to its receptor CCR2, which may result in inhibition of CCR2 activation and signal transduction. This may inhibit inflammatory processes as well as angiogenesis, tumor cell migration, and tumor cell proliferation. The G-protein coupled receptor CCR2 is expressed on the surface of monocytes and macrophages, stimulates the migration and infiltration of these cell types, and plays an important role in inflammation, angiogenesis, and tumor cell migration and proliferation."]], ["1-Androstenedione", "C[C@]12CC[C@H]3[C@H]([C@@H]1CCC2=O)CC[C@@H]4[C@@]3(C=CC(=O)C4)C", ["5alpha-androst-1-ene-3,17-dione is a 3-oxo Delta(1)-steroid that is androst-1-ene substituted by oxo groups at positions 3 and 17. It has a role as a human urinary metabolite. It is a 17-oxo steroid, an androstanoid and a 3-oxo-Delta(1) steroid."]], ["Adipiplon", "CCCC1=C(N=CN2C1=NC(=N2)C)CN3C=CN=C3C4=C(C=CC=N4)F", ["Adipiplon is an nonbenzodiazepine anxiolytic developed by Neurogen Corporation. It is known by the standardized identifier NG2-73."]], ["AG92Sgo434", "CC1(CC(=C(C2=CC=C(C=C2)C(=O)O)C3=CC=C(C=C3)O)CC(C1)(C)C)C", ["GSK232802 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT00604825 (Treatment of Hot Flashes/flushes in Postmenopausal Women (WARM Study))."]], ["Perphenazine 4-aminobutyrate", "C1CN(CCN1CCCN2C3=CC=CC=C3SC4=C2C=C(C=C4)Cl)CCOC(=O)CCCN", ["BL-1020 is a first in class novel compound for the treatment of schizophrenia. It is being developed by BioLineRx (BioLine)."]], ["Aztreonam lysine", "C[C@H]1[C@@H](C(=O)N1S(=O)(=O)O)NC(=O)/C(=N\\OC(C)(C)C(=O)O)/C2=CSC(=N2)N.C(CCN)C[C@@H](C(=O)O)N", ["Aztreonam Lysine is a formulation of the synthetic monobactam antibiotic, aztreonam and lysine used in an inhaled form for the treatment of chronic airway infections by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in patients with cystic fibrosis."]], ["Bfpet F-18", "C1=CC=C(C=C1)[P+](C2=CC=CC=C2)(C3=CC=CC=C3)C4=CC=C(C=C4)[18F]", ["Bfpet F-18 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03265431 (Evaluation of PET/MR in Patients Selected for Ablation Therapy)."]], ["1H-1-Benzazepine-1-acetic acid, 3-(((1-((2R)-2-carboxy-4-(1-naphthalenyl)butyl)cyclopentyl)carbonyl)amino)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-2-oxo-, (3S)-", "C1CCC(C1)(C[C@@H](CCC2=CC=CC3=CC=CC=C32)C(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@H]4CCC5=CC=CC=C5N(C4=O)CC(=O)O", ["SLV-334 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT00735085 (A Phase 2a Dose Escalation Study With SLV334 in Patients With Traumatic Brain Injury.)."]], ["(2r)-3-Hydroxy-2-Methylpropanoic Acid", "C[C@H](CO)C(=O)O", ["(2r)-3-Hydroxy-2-Methylpropanoic Acid is a natural product found in Paraburkholderia with data available."]], ["1-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-5-methylpyridin-2(1H)-one", "CC1=CN(C(=O)C=C1)C2=CC=C(C=C2)O", ["Hydronidone has antifibrotic activity."]], ["Ataluren", "C1=CC=C(C(=C1)C2=NC(=NO2)C3=CC(=CC=C3)C(=O)O)F", ["3-[5-(2-fluorophenyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]benzoic acid is a ring assembly and an oxadiazole.", "Ataluren is a novel, orally administered drug that targets nonsense mutations. Ataluren is approved for use by the European Medicines Agency to treat Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy in patients aged 5 years and older who are able to walk. More specifically, ataluren is used in the small group of patients whose disease is caused by a specific genetic defect (called a \u2018nonsense mutation\u2019) in the dystrophin gene.  This drug does not yet have approval by the US Food and Drug Administration or by Health Canada for any indications."]], ["Emicerfont", "CC1=CC(=C2CCN(C2=N1)C3=C(C=C(C=C3)OC)C)N4C=CC(=N4)N5CCNC5=O", ["Emicerfont is an aromatic amine and a tertiary amino compound.", "Emicerfont has been used in trials studying the diagnostic and treatment of Social Anxiety Disorder and Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)."]], ["Radezolid", "CC(=O)NC[C@H]1CN(C(=O)O1)C2=CC(=C(C=C2)C3=CC=C(C=C3)CNCC4=NNN=C4)F", ["Radezolid has been used in trials studying the treatment of Abscess, Bacterial Skin Diseases, Streptococcal Infections, Infectious Skin Diseases, and Staphylococcal Skin Infections, among others."]], ["PX-478 2HCl", "C1=CC(=CC=C1C[C@@H](C(=O)O)N)[N+](CCCl)(CCCl)[O-].Cl.Cl", ["PX-478 is a small molecule inhibitor of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1 alpha currently in a clinical trial in patients with advanced metastatic cancer and lymphoma. PX-478 was effective in models of both non-small cell lung cancer and small cell lung cancer that express HIF-1 alpha.", "HIF-1alpha Inhibitor PX-478 is an orally active small molecule with potential antineoplastic activity. Although its mechanism of action has yet to be fully elucidated, HIF1-alpha inhibitor PX-478 appears to inhibit hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF1A) expression, which may result in decreased expression of HIF1A downstream target genes important to tumor growth and survival, a reduction in tumor cell proliferation, and the induction of tumor cell apoptosis. The inhibitory effect of this agent is independent of the tumor suppressor genes VHL and p53 and may be related to derangements in glucose uptake and metabolism due to inhibition of glucose transporter-1 (Glut-1)."]], ["CID 11235360", "C1CCN[C@@H](C1)[C@H](C2=CC(=NC3=C2C=CC=C3C(F)(F)F)C(F)(F)F)O.Cl", ["Mefloquine Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of mefloquine, a piperidinyl quinidine with antimalarial activity. Although the exact mechanism of mefloquine hydrochloride is largely unknown, this agent acts as a blood schizonticide and probably exert its actions by interacting with the phospholipid bilayer, thereby interfering with the stability of the cell membrane and causing cell lysis. Mefloquine hydrochloride is active against Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax.", "A phospholipid-interacting antimalarial drug (ANTIMALARIALS). It is very effective against PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM with very few side effects."]], ["Saxagliptin", "C1[C@@H]2C[C@@H]2N([C@@H]1C#N)C(=O)[C@H](C34C[C@H]5C[C@@H](C3)CC(C5)(C4)O)N", ["Saxagliptin is a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor which is used in combination with diet and exercise in the therapy of type 2 diabetes, either alone or in combination with other oral hypoglycemic agents. Saxagliptin is a relatively new medication and has yet to be implicated in causing clinically apparent liver injury.", "Saxagliptin is a potent, selective and competitive, cyanopyrrolidine-based, orally bioavailable inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4), with hypoglycemic activity. Saxagliptin is metabolized into an, although less potent, active mono-hydroxy metabolite."]], ["Seladelpar", "CCO[C@H](COC1=CC=C(C=C1)C(F)(F)F)CSC2=CC(=C(C=C2)OCC(=O)O)C", ["Seladelpar (MBX-8025) has been used in trials studying the treatment of Hyperlipidemia."]], ["N,2-Dimethyl-6-{[7-(2-Morpholin-4-Ylethoxy)quinolin-4-Yl]oxy}-1-Benzofuran-3-Carboxamide", "CC1=C(C2=C(O1)C=C(C=C2)OC3=C4C=CC(=CC4=NC=C3)OCCN5CCOCC5)C(=O)NC", ["VEGFR2 Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor PF-00337210 is an orally available ATP-competitive inhibitor of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor type 2 (VEGFR2), with potential anti-angiogenesis and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, the VEGFR2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor PF-00337210 selectively binds to VEGFR2 and prevents its phosphorylation which may result in an inhibition of migration, proliferation and survival of endothelial cells, microvessel formation, the inhibition of tumor cell proliferation, and may eventually cause tumor cell death. VEGFR2, a receptor tyrosine kinase, is frequently overexpressed by a variety of tumor types."]], ["(E)-N-(4-((3-Chloro-4-((3-fluorobenzyl)oxy)phenyl)amino)-3-cyano-7-ethoxyquinolin-6-yl)-4-(dimethylamino)but-2-enamide", "CCOC1=C(C=C2C(=C1)N=CC(=C2NC3=CC(=C(C=C3)OCC4=CC(=CC=C4)F)Cl)C#N)NC(=O)/C=C/CN(C)C", ["Hki 357 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT00550381 (Study Evaluating the Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics (PK) of HKI-357 Administered Orally to Healthy Subjects)."]], ["(2s)-5-Amino-2-[(1-Propyl-1h-Imidazol-4-Yl)methyl]pentanoic Acid", "CCCN1C=C(N=C1)C[C@H](CCCN)C(=O)O", ["UK-396,082 has been used in trials studying the basic science of Safety, Phase 1, Toleration, Multiple Dose, and Pharmacokinetic."]], ["Fluorocyclopentenylcytosine", "C1=CN(C(=O)N=C1N)[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H](C(=C2F)CO)O)O", ["Roducitabine is a triol that is (1S,2R)-4-fluoro-3-(hydroxymethyl)cyclopent-3-ene-1,2-diol which is substituted by a 4-amino-2-oxopyrimidin-1(2H)-yl group at position 5. It is a cytidine analog which exhibits anticancer activity in several cancers, including gemcitabine-resistant tumours. It has a role as an antimetabolite, an antineoplastic agent, a prodrug, a DNA synthesis inhibitor and an apoptosis inducer. It is an organofluorine compound, a primary allylic alcohol and a triol.", "Fluorocyclopentenylcytosine is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03189914 (RX-3117 in Combination With Abraxane\u00ae in Subjects With Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer).", "Roducitabine is an orally available small molecule and nucleoside antimetabolite with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, tRoducitabine is taken up by cells through a carrier-mediated transporter, phosphorylated by uridine cytidine kinase (UCK) and then further phosphorylated to its diphosphate (RX-DP) and triphosphate forms (RX-TP). The triphosphate form is incorporated into RNA and inhibits RNA synthesis. The diphosphate RX-DP is reduced by ribonucleotide reductase (RR) to dRX-DP; its triphosphate form (dRX-TP) is incorporated into DNA. In addition, RX-3117 also inhibits DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1). This eventually leads to cell cycle arrest and the induction of apoptosis. UCK is the rate-limiting enzyme in the pyrimidine-nucleotide salvage pathway."]], ["(2E)-2-[(5E)-5-[(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)methylidene]-4-methoxypyrrol-2-ylidene]indole", "CC1=CC(=C(N1)/C=C/2\\C(=C/C(=C\\3/C=C4C=CC=CC4=N3)/N2)OC)C", ["Obatoclax is a small molecule and a pan-inhibitor of Bcl-2 family proteins, with pro-apoptotic activity. GX015-070 is a selective antagonist of the BH3-binding groove of the Bcl-2 family proteins, which are frequently overexpressed in cancers including chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). This agent induces/restores apoptosis in cancer cells by inhibiting apoptosis suppressors in multiple members of the Bcl-2 family simultaneously."]], ["Briciclib", "COC1=C(C=C(C=C1)CS(=O)(=O)/C=C/C2=C(C=C(C=C2OC)OC)OC)OP(=O)(O)O", ["Briciclib has been used in trials studying the treatment of Lymphoma, Neoplasms, Advanced Solid Tumor, and Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia.", "Briciclib is a benzyl styryl sulfone analog, and a phosphate ester prodrug of ON 013100, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon hydrolysis, briciclib is converted to ON 013100, which blocks cyclin D mRNA translation and decreases protein expression of cyclin D. This may induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in cancer cells overexpressing cyclin D and eventually decrease tumor cell proliferation. Cyclin D, a member of the cyclin family of cell cycle regulators, plays a key role in cell cycle division and is often overexpressed in a variety of hematologic and solid tumors and is correlated with poor prognosis. suppresses cyclin D1 accumulation in cancer cells."]], ["Posiphen", "C[C@]12CCN([C@H]1N(C3=C2C=C(C=C3)OC(=O)NC4=CC=CC=C4)C)C", ["Posiphen is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02925650 (Safety, Tolerability, PK and PD of Posiphen\u00ae in Subjects With Early Alzheimer's Disease)."]], ["Dutogliptin", "B([C@@H]1CCCN1C(=O)CN[C@@H]2CCNC2)(O)O", ["Dutogliptin has been investigated for the treatment of Diabetes Mellitus, Type II.", "Dutogliptin is a potent, water soluble, selective and orally bioavailable, boronic acid-based inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4), with hypoglycemic activity. Dutogliptin irriversibly binds to DPP-4."]], ["(S)-N1-((1H-Benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)methyl)-N1-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinolin-8-yl)butane-1,4-diamine", "C1C[C@@H](C2=C(C1)C=CC=N2)N(CCCCN)CC3=NC4=CC=CC=C4N3", ["AMD 070 is an aminoquinoline.", "AMD-070 is a small molecule drug candidate that belongs to a new investigational class of anti-HIV drugs known as entry (fusion) inhibitors. Currently there is only one FDA-approved entry inhibitor, enfuvirtide (Fuzeon), that is available for the treatment of HIV infection. Several experimental entry inhibitors are now in early stage testing, including AMD-070, which targets the CXCR4 receptor on HIV and prevents the virus from entering and infecting healthy cells. Other entry inhibitors target the CCR5 receptor of HIV.These new agents are widely viewed as next generation anti-HIV drugs with the potential to significantly advance HIV therapeutics.", "Mavorixafor is an orally bioavailable inhibitor of C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4), with potential antineoplastic and immune checkpoint inhibitory activities. Upon administration, mavorixafor selectively binds to CXCR4 and prevents the binding of CXCR4 to its ligand, stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1 or CXCL12). This inhibits receptor activation and results in decreased proliferation and migration of CXCR4-overexpressing tumor cells. In addition, inhibition of CXCR4 prevents the recruitment of regulatory T-cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) to the tumor microenvironment, thereby abrogating CXCR4-mediated immunosuppression and enabling the activation of a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-mediated immune response against cancer cells. The G protein-coupled receptor CXCR4, which is upregulated in several tumor cell types, induces the recruitment of immunosuppressive cells in the tumor microenvironment, suppresses immune surveillance, and promotes tumor angiogenesis and tumor cell proliferation. It is also a co-receptor for HIV entry into T-cells."]], ["Begacestat", "C1=C(SC(=C1)Cl)S(=O)(=O)N[C@H](CO)C(C(F)(F)F)C(F)(F)F", ["Begacestat has been used in trials studying the treatment and basic science of Alzheimer Disease."]], ["Cvt-6883", "CCCN1C(=O)C2=C(N=C(N2)C3=CN(N=C3)CC4=CC(=CC=C4)C(F)(F)F)N(C1=O)CC", ["CVT-6883 is a selective, potent and orally available A2B-adenosine receptor antagonist which CV Therapeutics is investigating for the potential treatment of asthma and other conditions related to inflammation and fibrosis."]], ["(9-(N-(3-Morpholinopropyl)-sulfonyl)-5,6-dihydro-5-oxo-11-H-indeno (1,2-C) isoquinoline methanesulfonic acid", "CS(=O)(=O)O.C1COCCN1CCCNS(=O)(=O)C2=CC3=C(C=C2)C4=C(C3)C5=CC=CC=C5C(=O)N4", ["INO-1001 is a isoindolinone derivative and potent inhibitor of the nuclear enzyme poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) with chemosensitization and radiosensitization properties. INO-1001 inhibits PARP, which may result in inhibition of tumor cell DNA repair mechanisms and, so, tumor cell resistance to chemotherapy and radiation therapy. PARP enzymes are activated by DNA breaks and have been implicated in the repair of DNA single-strand breaks (SSB)."]], ["Bunavail", "C[C@]([C@H]1C[C@@]23CC[C@@]1([C@H]4[C@@]25CCN([C@@H]3CC6=C5C(=C(C=C6)O)O4)CC7CC7)OC)(C(C)(C)C)O.C=CCN1CC[C@]23[C@@H]4C(=O)CC[C@]2([C@H]1CC5=C3C(=C(C=C5)O)O4)O", ["A pharmaceutical preparation that combines buprenorphine, an OPIOID ANALGESICS with naloxone, a NARCOTIC ANTAGONISTS to reduce the potential for NARCOTIC DEPENDENCE in the treatment of pain. It may also be used for OPIOID SUBSTITUTION THERAPY."]], ["Amuvatinib", "C1CN(CCN1C2=NC=NC3=C2OC4=CC=CC=C43)C(=S)NCC5=CC6=C(C=C5)OCO6", ["N-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-ylmethyl)-4-(4-benzofuro[3,2-d]pyrimidinyl)-1-piperazinecarbothioamide is a N-arylpiperazine.", "Amuvatinib has been used in trials studying the treatment of Solid Tumors and Small Cell Lung Carcinoma. Amuvatinib is an oral, selective multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor that suppresses c-MET, c-RET and the mutant forms of c-KIT, PDGFR and FLT3. Amuvatinib also suppresses Rad51 protein, a critical component of double-stranded DNA repair in cancer cells.", "Amuvatinib is an orally bioavailable synthetic carbothioamide with potential antineoplastic activity. Multitargeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor MP470 binds to mutant forms of the stem cell factor receptor (c-Kit; SCFR), inhibiting clinically relevant mutants of this receptor tyrosine kinase that may be associated with resistance to therapy. In addition, MP470 inhibits activities of other receptor tyrosine kinases, such as c-Met, Ret oncoprotein, and mutant forms of Flt3 and PDGFR alpha, which are frequently dysregulated in variety of tumors. This agent also suppresses the induction of DNA repair protein Rad51, thereby potentiating the activities of DNA damage-inducing agents. Mutant forms of c-Kit are often associated with tumor chemoresistance."]], ["Danoprevir", "CC(C)(C)OC(=O)N[C@H]1CCCCC/C=C\\[C@@H]2C[C@]2(NC(=O)[C@@H]3C[C@H](CN3C1=O)OC(=O)N4CC5=C(C4)C(=CC=C5)F)C(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C6CC6", ["Danoprevir has been used in trials studying the treatment of Hepatitis C, Chronic.", "Danoprevir is an orally bioavailable, peptidomimetic inhibitor of hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS3/4A protease, with antiviral activity against HCV and potential antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2. Upon oral administration, danoprevir binds to and blocks the activity of HCV NS3/4A protease. This prevents the cleavage and processing of HCV viral proteins leading to the inhibition of HCV replication. Danoprevir may also bind to and block of the activity of SARS-CoV-2 protease. This prevents the cleavage and processing of SARS-CoV-2 viral proteins leading to the inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 replication. NS3/4A, a chymotrypsin-like serine protease, is responsible for cleavage at four sites of the HCV polyprotein to form the viral proteins required for HCV replication. It plays a key role in the HCV viral replication process. HCV infection is associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A chymotrypsin-like protease is responsible for cleavage of the SARS-CoV-2 viral polyprotein to form the RNA replicase-transcriptase complex, which plays a key role in the SARS-CoV-2 viral transcription and replication process."]], ["Cenicriviroc mesylate", "CCCCOCCOC1=CC=C(C=C1)C2=CC/3=C(C=C2)N(CCC/C(=C3)/C(=O)NC4=CC=C(C=C4)[S@@](=O)CC5=CN=CN5CCC)CC(C)C.CS(=O)(=O)O", ["Cenicriviroc Mesylate is the mesylate salt form of cenicriviroc, an orally bioavailable, dual inhibitor of human C-C chemokine receptor types 2 (CCR2; CD192) and 5 (CCR5; CD195), with potential immunomodulating, anti-inflammatory and antiviral activities. Upon oral administration, cenicriviroc specifically binds to and prevents the activation of both CCR2 and CCR5. This inhibits the activation of CCR2/CCR5-mediated signal transduction pathways and may inhibit inflammatory processes. The G-protein coupled chemokine receptors CCR2 and CCR5 are expressed on the surface of monocytes and macrophages and stimulate their migration and infiltration; they play key roles in inflammation and autoimmune diseases. In addition, cenicriviroc inhibits human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 entry via CCR5 coreceptor interaction."]], ["Cenicriviroc", "CCCCOCCOC1=CC=C(C=C1)C2=CC/3=C(C=C2)N(CCC/C(=C3)/C(=O)NC4=CC=C(C=C4)[S@@](=O)CC5=CN=CN5CCC)CC(C)C", ["Cenicriviroc is a member of the class of benzazocines that is (5Z)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-benzazocine which is substituted by a 2-methylpropyl, N-{4-[(S)-(1-propyl-1H-imidazol-5-yl)methanesulfinyl]phenyl}carboxamide and 4-(2-butoxyethoxy)phenyl groups at positions 1, 5 and 8, respectively. It is a potent chemokine 2 and 5 receptor antagonist currently in development for the treatment of liver fibrosis in adults with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). It has a role as a chemokine receptor 5 antagonist, an anti-HIV agent, a chemokine receptor 2 antagonist, an antirheumatic drug and an anti-inflammatory agent. It is a diether, a member of imidazoles, a sulfoxide, an aromatic ether, a secondary carboxamide and a benzazocine.", "Cenicriviroc has been used in trials studying the treatment of HIV-infection/AIDS, AIDS Dementia Complex, Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis, Human Immunodeficiency Virus, and HIV-1-Associated Cognitive Motor Complex.", "Cenicriviroc is an orally bioavailable, dual inhibitor of human C-C chemokine receptor types 2 (CCR2; CD192) and 5 (CCR5; CD195), with potential immunomodulating, anti-inflammatory and antiviral activities. Upon oral administration, cenicriviroc specifically binds to and prevents the activation of both CCR2 and CCR5. This inhibits the activation of CCR2/CCR5-mediated signal transduction pathways and may inhibit inflammatory processes. The G-protein coupled chemokine receptors CCR2 and CCR5 are expressed on the surface of monocytes and macrophages and stimulate their migration and infiltration; they play key roles in inflammation and autoimmune diseases. In addition, cenicriviroc inhibits human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 entry via CCR5 coreceptor interaction."]], ["Simotaxel", "CC1=C2[C@H](C(=O)[C@@]3([C@H](C[C@@H]4[C@]([C@H]3[C@@H]([C@@](C2(C)C)(C[C@@H]1OC(=O)[C@@H]([C@H](C5=CC=CS5)NC(=O)OC(C)C)O)O)OC(=O)C6=CC=CC=C6)(CO4)OC(=O)C)O)C)OC(=O)C7CCCC7", ["Simotaxel is under investigation in clinical trial NCT00088647 (Study Evaluating MST-997 in Advanced Malignant Solid Tumors).", "Simotaxel is a semi-synthetic, orally bioavailable, third-generation taxane derivative and microtubule-stabilizing agent, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, simotaxel binds to tubulin, promotes microtubule assembly and stabilization, and prevents microtubule depolymerization. This results in G2/M arrest, apoptosis and the inhibition of cell proliferation in susceptible tumor cells. This agent is a poor substrate for P-glycoprotein-related drug resistance mechanisms; therefore, it may be useful for treating multi-drug resistant tumors. MST-997 is more potent than paclitaxel and docetaxel and overcomes paclitaxel and docetaxel resistance in certain tumor cell types."]], ["Rezatomidine", "CC1=C(C(=CC=C1)[C@H](C)C2=CNC(=S)N2)C", ["Rezatomidine has been used in trials studying the treatment of Fibromyalgia, Cystitis, Interstitial, Irritable Bowel Syndrome, and Diabetic Neuropathy, Painful."]], ["2-(4-Acetamido-3-((4-chlorophenyl)thio)-2-methyl-1H-indol-1-yl)acetic acid", "CC1=C(C2=C(C=CC=C2N1CC(=O)O)NC(=O)C)SC3=CC=C(C=C3)Cl", ["AZD1981 has been used in trials studying the treatment and basic science of Asthma, Postmenopausal, Pharmakokinetic, Asthma Patients, and Drug Interaction, among others."]], ["Pirarubicin", "C[C@H]1[C@H]([C@H](C[C@@H](O1)O[C@H]2C[C@@](CC3=C2C(=C4C(=C3O)C(=O)C5=C(C4=O)C(=CC=C5)OC)O)(C(=O)CO)O)N)O[C@@H]6CCCCO6", ["(7S,9S)-7-[[(2R,4S,5S,6S)-4-amino-6-methyl-5-[[(2R)-2-oxanyl]oxy]-2-oxanyl]oxy]-6,9,11-trihydroxy-9-(2-hydroxy-1-oxoethyl)-4-methoxy-8,10-dihydro-7H-tetracene-5,12-dione is an anthracycline.", "Pirarubicin is an analogue of the anthracycline antineoplastic antibiotic doxorubicin.  Pirarubicin intercalates into DNA and interacts with topoisomerase II, thereby inhibiting DNA replication and repair and RNA and protein synthesis.  This agent is less cardiotoxic than doxorubicin and exhibits activity against some doxorubicin-resistant cell lines. (NCI04)"]], ["[(19S)-19-ethyl-14,18-dioxo-17-oxa-3,13-diazapentacyclo[11.8.0.02,11.04,9.015,20]henicosa-1(21),2,4,6,8,10,15(20)-heptaen-19-yl] (2S)-2-[[2-[2-[2-[[(2S)-1-[[(19S)-19-ethyl-14,18-dioxo-17-oxa-3,13-diazapentacyclo[11.8.0.02,11.04,9.015,20]henicosa-1(21),2,4,6,8,10,15(20)-heptaen-19-yl]oxy]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-2-oxoethoxy]ethoxy]acetyl]amino]propanoate", "CC[C@@]1(C2=C(COC1=O)C(=O)N3CC4=CC5=CC=CC=C5N=C4C3=C2)OC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)COCCOCC(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)O[C@]6(C7=C(COC6=O)C(=O)N8CC9=CC1=CC=CC=C1N=C9C8=C7)CC", ["Pegamotecan has been used in trials studying the treatment of Cancer of Stomach, Sarcoma, Soft Tissue, and Gastroesophageal Cancer."]], ["1-Androstenediol", "C[C@]12CC[C@H]3[C@H]([C@@H]1CC[C@@H]2O)CC[C@@H]4[C@@]3(C=C[C@@H](C4)O)C", ["1-Androstenediol is a natural product found in Sus scrofa with data available."]], ["Tocopheryl acetate", "CC1=C(C(=C(C2=C1OC(CC2)(C)CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)C)OC(=O)C)C", ["A natural tocopherol and one of the most potent antioxidant tocopherols. It exhibits antioxidant activity by virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus. It has four methyl groups on the 6-chromanol nucleus. The natural d form of alpha-tocopherol is more active than its synthetic dl-alpha-tocopherol racemic mixture."]], ["Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate", "CC(C)(CO)[C@H](C(=O)NCCC(=O)[O-])O.CC(C)(CO)[C@H](C(=O)NCCC(=O)[O-])O.[Ca+2]", ["Calcium Pantothenate is the calcium salt of the water-soluble vitamin B5, ubiquitously found in plants and animal tissues with antioxidant property. Pentothenate is a component of coenzyme A (CoA) and a part of the vitamin B2 complex. Vitamin B5 is a growth factor and is essential for various metabolic functions, including the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fatty acids. This vitamin is also involved in the synthesis of cholesterol, lipids, neurotransmitters, steroid hormones, and hemoglobin.", "A butyryl-beta-alanine that can also be viewed as pantoic acid complexed with BETA ALANINE. It is incorporated into COENZYME A and protects cells against peroxidative damage by increasing the level of GLUTATHIONE.", "See also: Calcium Pantothenate (preferred)."]], ["Azanium;butanedioic acid", "C(CC(=O)O)C(=O)O.[NH4+]", ["A water-soluble, colorless crystal with an acid taste that is used as a chemical intermediate, in medicine, the manufacture of lacquers, and to make perfume esters. It is also used in foods as a sequestrant, buffer, and a neutralizing agent. (Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed, p1099; McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1851)"]], ["Tideglusib", "C1=CC=C(C=C1)CN2C(=O)N(SC2=O)C3=CC=CC4=CC=CC=C43", ["Tideglusib is a member of the class of thiadiazolidines that is 1,2,4-thiadiazolidine-3,5-dione which is substituted by a naphthalen-1-yl group at position 2 and by a benzyl group at position 4. It is a non-ATP competitive inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK3beta) and has neuroprotective effects. Currently under clinical investigation for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and progressive supranuclear palsy. It has a role as an EC 2.7.11.26 (tau-protein kinase) inhibitor, a neuroprotective agent, an anti-inflammatory agent and an apoptosis inducer. It is a member of naphthalenes, a member of benzenes and a thiadiazolidine.", "Tideglusib is under the investigation for the development of treatments for Alzheimer's disease and for progressive supranuclear palsy. It is reported to be a potent anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective that is a non-ATP competitive inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3). Tideglusib is being developed by the Spanish pharmaceutic company Zeltia group and its current status is withdrawn for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease as of 2012."]], ["Apatinib", "C1CCC(C1)(C#N)C2=CC=C(C=C2)NC(=O)C3=C(N=CC=C3)NCC4=CC=NC=C4", ["Rivoceranib is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02726854 (Apatinib as Second-line Treatment of Advanced Pancreatic Cancer).", "Rivoceranib is an orally bioavailable, small-molecule receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor with potential antiangiogenic and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, rivoceranib selectively binds to and inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2, which may inhibit VEGF-stimulated endothelial cell migration and proliferation and decrease tumor microvessel density. In addition, this agent mildly inhibits c-Kit and c-SRC tyrosine kinases."]], ["Telcagepant", "C1C[C@H](C(=O)N(C[C@@H]1C2=C(C(=CC=C2)F)F)CC(F)(F)F)NC(=O)N3CCC(CC3)N4C5=C(NC4=O)N=CC=C5", ["Telcagepant has been investigated for the treatment of Migraine. It is an antagonist of the receptor for calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), a primary neuropeptide involved in the pathophysiology of migraine. CGRP and its receptors are found in areas of the central and peripheral nervous system that are important for the transmission of migraine pain. During migraine attacks, CGRP activates these receptors and facilitates the transmission of pain impulses."]], ["Fostemsavir", "CC1=NN(C=N1)C2=NC=C(C3=C2N(C=C3C(=O)C(=O)N4CCN(CC4)C(=O)C5=CC=CC=C5)COP(=O)(O)O)OC", ["Fostemsavir (brand name: Rukobia) is a prescription medicine approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of HIV infection in treatment-experienced adults who meet certain requirements, as determined by a health care provider. Fostemsavir is always used in combination with other HIV medicines.", "Fostemsavir is the phosphonooxymethyl prodrug of temsavir, a novel HIV-1 attachment inhibitor. It binds to and inhibits the activity of gp120, a subunit within the HIV-1 gp160 envelope glycoprotein that facilitates the attachment of HIV-1 to host cell CD4 receptors - in doing so, temsavir prevents the first step in the HIV-1 viral lifecycle. The discovery of gp120 as a potential target of interest in the treatment of HIV-1 infection is relatively recent, and was born out of a desire to find alternative target proteins (i.e. mechanistically orthogonal therapies) for the treatment of HIV-1 patients with resistant infections. Fostemavir is the first attachment inhibitor to receive FDA approval, granted in July 2020 for use in combination with other antiretrovirals in highly treatment-experienced patients with multidrug-resistant HIV-1 infection whom are failing their current therapy. Targeting gp120 subunits is a new and novel therapeutic approach to HIV-1 infection, and the addition of attachment inhibitors, like temsavir, to the armament of therapies targeted against HIV-1 fills a necessary niche for therapeutic options in patients left with few, if any, viable treatments."]], ["Maropitant citrate anhydrous", "CC(C)(C)C1=CC(=C(C=C1)OC)CN[C@@H]2[C@@H](N3CCC2CC3)C(C4=CC=CC=C4)C5=CC=CC=C5.C(C(=O)O)C(CC(=O)O)(C(=O)O)O", ["Maropitant Citrate is a neurokinin receptor antagonist with antiemetic activity. This agent is approved for veterinary use only."]], ["Enobosarm", "C[C@](COC1=CC=C(C=C1)C#N)(C(=O)NC2=CC(=C(C=C2)C#N)C(F)(F)F)O", ["Enobosarm has been used in trials studying the treatment of Stress Urinary Incontinence and Triple Negative Breast Cancer.", "Enobosarm is a non-steroidal agent with anabolic activity. Selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) GTx-024 is designed to work like testosterone, thus promoting and/or maintaining libido, fertility, prostate growth, and muscle growth and strength. Mimicking testosterone's action, this agent may increase lean body mass, thereby ameliorating muscle wasting in the hypermetabolic state of cancer cachexia."]], ["Methanone, ((3S,4R)-4-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-3-pyrrolidinyl)((3R,5S)-4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)-", "C[C@@H]1CN(C[C@@H](C1(C2=CC=CC=C2)O)C)C(=O)[C@@H]3CN(C[C@H]3C4=C(C=C(C=C4)F)F)C(C)(C)C", ["PF-00446687 has been investigated for the treatment of Erectile Dysfunction."]], ["4-(2,6-dichlorobenzamido)-N-(piperidin-4-yl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide", "C1CNCCC1NC(=O)C2=C(C=NN2)NC(=O)C3=C(C=CC=C3Cl)Cl", ["4-(2,6-dichlorobenzamido)-N-(piperidin-4-yl)-pyrazole-3-carboxamide is a member of the class of pryrazoles that is 4-amino-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid in which the primary amino group has been acylated by a 2,6-dichlorobenzoyl group and in which the carboxylic acid has been converted into a carboxamide by formal condensation with the primary amino group of 4-aminopiperidine. It has a role as an EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor and an antineoplastic agent. It is a secondary carboxamide, a member of pyrazoles, a dichlorobenzene and a member of piperidines.", "AT7519 is a selective inhibitor of certain Cyclin Dependent Kinases (CDKs) leading to tumour regression. It is developed by Astex for the treatment of solid tumours and haematological malignancies.", "CDK Inhibitor AT7519 is an orally bioavailable small molecule with potential antineoplastic activity. AT7519M selectively binds to and inhibits cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs), which may result in cell cycle arrest, induction of apoptosis, and inhibition of tumor cell proliferation. CDKs are serine/threonine kinases involved in regulation of the cell cycle and may be overexpressed in some types of cancer cells."]], ["Acumapimod", "CC1=C(C=C(C=C1)C(=O)NC2CC2)N3C(=C(C=N3)C(=O)C4=CC=CC(=C4)C#N)N", ["Acumapimod is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02926326 (The Effect of Azithromycin on BCT197 Exposure in Healthy Male Volunteers)."]], ["Retosiban", "CC[C@H](C)[C@@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](C(=O)N1[C@H](C2=COC(=N2)C)C(=O)N3CCOCC3)C4CC5=CC=CC=C5C4", ["Retosiban is a dipeptide.", "Retosiban has been used in trials studying the treatment of Premature Labor and Obstetric Labour, Premature."]], ["(3R,4R)-4-Amino-1-[[4-[(3-methoxyphenyl)amino]pyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-5-yl]methyl]piperidin-3-ol", "COC1=CC=CC(=C1)NC2=NC=NN3C2=C(C=C3)CN4CC[C@H]([C@@H](C4)O)N", ["BMS-690514 has been investigated for the treatment of Breast Cancer.", "Pan HER/VEGFR2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor BMS-690514 is a pyrrolotriazine-based compound and a pan inhibitor of receptor tyrosine kinases with potential antineoplastic activity. Pan HER/VEGFR2 receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor BMS-690514 binds to human epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR) 1, 2 and 4 (HER1, HER2 and HER4) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1, 2 and 3 (VEGFR-1, -2 and -3), all of which are frequently overexpressed by a variety of tumor types. Binding of this agent to these receptors may result in the inhibition of tumor cell proliferation; the inhibition of endothelial cell migration and proliferation and angiogenesis; and tumor cell death."]], ["Lexibulin", "CCC[C@@H](C1=CN=CC=C1)NC2=NC(=NC=C2C)C3=CC(=C(C=C3)NC(=O)NCC)OC", ["1-ethyl-3-[2-methoxy-4-[5-methyl-4-[[(1S)-1-(3-pyridinyl)butyl]amino]-2-pyrimidinyl]phenyl]urea is a member of ureas.", "CYT997 is an orally available vascular argeting and cytotoxic agent that has proven effective in animal models of a wide range of tumour types including breast, prostate and colon, as well as some leukemias.", "Lexibulin is an orally bioavailable small-molecule with tubulin-inhibiting, vascular-disrupting, and potential antineoplastic activities. Lexibulin inhibits tubulin polymerization in tumor blood vessel endothelial cells and tumor cells, blocking the formation of the mitotic spindle and leading to cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase; this may result in disruption of the tumor vasculature and tumor blood flow, and tumor cell death."]], ["Amlodipine/valsartan", "CCCCC(=O)N(CC1=CC=C(C=C1)C2=CC=CC=C2C3=NNN=N3)[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)O.CCOC(=O)C1=C(NC(=C(C1C2=CC=CC=C2Cl)C(=O)OC)C)COCCN", ["A pharmaceutical preparation of amlodipine and valsartan that is used for the treatment of HYPERTENSION."]], ["alpha-Dihydroartemisinin", "C[C@@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]([C@@H](O[C@H]3[C@@]24[C@H]1CC[C@](O3)(OO4)C)O)C", ["Dihydroartemisinin (DHA) is an artemisinin derivative.", ".alpha.-dihydroartemisinin is an Antimalarial."]], ["2-Thiophenesulfonamide, 5-chloro-N-((1S)-2-ethyl-1-(hydroxymethyl)butyl)-", "CCC(CC)[C@@H](CO)NS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(S1)Cl", ["GSI-136 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Alzheimer Disease."]], ["4-{[(7r)-8-Cyclopentyl-7-Ethyl-5-Methyl-6-Oxo-5,6,7,8-Tetrahydropteridin-2-Yl]amino}-3-Methoxy-N-(1-Methylpiperidin-4-Yl)benzamide", "CC[C@@H]1C(=O)N(C2=CN=C(N=C2N1C3CCCC3)NC4=C(C=C(C=C4)C(=O)NC5CCN(CC5)C)OC)C", ["BI 2536 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT00376623 (Efficacy and Safety of BI 2536 in Advanced or Metastatic Non Small Cell Lung Cancer).", "Plk1 Inhibitor BI 2536 is a small molecule compound with potential antineoplastic activities. BI 2536 binds to and inhibits Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1), resulting in mitotic arrest, disruption of cytokinesis, and apoptosis in susceptible tumor cell populations. Plk1, a serine/threonine-protein kinase, is a key regulator of multiple processes fundamental to mitosis and cell division."]], ["Ladarixin", "C[C@H](C1=CC=C(C=C1)OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F)C(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C", ["Ladarixin is under investigation in clinical trial NCT04628481 (A Study of Oral Ladarixin in New-onset Type 1 Diabetes and a Low Residual \u0392-Cell Function)."]], ["Androsta-1,4-diene-17-carboxylic acid, 6,9-difluoro-11-hydroxy-16-methyl-3-oxo-17-(((2,2,3,3-tetramethylcyclopropyl)carbonyl)oxy)-, cyanomethyl ester, (6alpha,11beta,16alpha,17alpha)-", "C[C@@H]1C[C@H]2[C@@H]3C[C@@H](C4=CC(=O)C=C[C@@]4([C@]3([C@H](C[C@@]2([C@]1(C(=O)OCC#N)OC(=O)C5C(C5(C)C)(C)C)C)O)F)C)F", ["GW870086X has been investigated for the treatment of ASTHMA."]], ["N-[2-[2-(4-Fluorophenyl)ethyl]-5-[[[(2S,4S)-4-[(3-pyridinylcarbonyl)thio]-2-pyrrolidinyl]methyl]amino]benzoyl]-L-methionine 1-methylethyl ester", "CC(C)OC(=O)[C@H](CCSC)NC(=O)C1=C(C=CC(=C1)NC[C@@H]2C[C@@H](CN2)SC(=O)C3=CN=CC=C3)CCC4=CC=C(C=C4)F", ["AZD3409 is a farnesyl-transferase inhibitor (FAR) indicated for the treatment of solid tumors. Phase I trials were initiated January 2003, and were ongoing as of February 2004. As of February 2007 the development of AZD3409 had been discontinued."]], ["Iron saccharate", "[C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](C(=O)[O-])O)O)([C@H](C(=O)[O-])O)O.[C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](C(=O)[O-])O)O)([C@H](C(=O)[O-])O)O.[C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](C(=O)[O-])O)O)([C@H](C(=O)[O-])O)O.[Fe+3].[Fe+3]", ["A glucaric acid-iron conjugate that is used in the treatment of IRON-DEFICIENCY ANEMIA, including in patients with chronic kidney disease, when oral iron therapy is ineffective or impractical."]], ["vitamin B-12", "CC1=CC2=C(C=C1C)N(C=N2)[C@@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O3)CO)OP(=O)([O-])O[C@H](C)CNC(=O)CC[C@@]\\4([C@H]([C@@H]5[C@]6([C@@]([C@@H](C(=N6)/C(=C\\7/[C@@]([C@@H](C(=N7)/C=C\\8/C([C@@H](C(=N8)/C(=C4\\[N-]5)/C)CCC(=O)N)(C)C)CCC(=O)N)(C)CC(=O)N)/C)CCC(=O)N)(C)CC(=O)N)C)CC(=O)N)C)O.[C-]#N.[Co+3]", ["vitamin B12 is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).", "A cobalt-containing coordination compound produced by intestinal micro-organisms and found also in soil and water. Higher plants do not concentrate vitamin B 12 from the soil and so are a poor source of the substance as compared with animal tissues. INTRINSIC FACTOR is important for the assimilation of vitamin B 12."]], ["Oglemilast", "CS(=O)(=O)NC1=CC2=C(C=C1)OC3=C(C=CC(=C23)C(=O)NC4=C(C=NC=C4Cl)Cl)OC(F)F", ["Oglemilast has been investigated for the treatment of Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive."]], ["Bafetinib", "CC1=C(C=C(C=C1)NC(=O)C2=CC(=C(C=C2)CN3CC[C@@H](C3)N(C)C)C(F)(F)F)NC4=NC=CC(=N4)C5=CN=CN=C5", ["Bafetinib has been used in trials studying the treatment of Adult Gliosarcoma, Adult Mixed Glioma, Adult Glioblastoma, Chronic Myeloid Leukemia, and Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia, among others.", "Bafetinib is an orally active 2-phenylaminopyrimidine derivative with potential antineoplastic activity. INNO-406 specifically binds to and inhibits the Bcr/Abl fusion protein tyrosine kinase, an abnormal enzyme produced by Philadelphia chromosomal translocation associated with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Furthermore, this agent also inhibits the Src-family member Lyn tyrosine kinase, upregulated in imatinib-resistant CML cells and in a variety of solid cancer cell types. The inhibitory effect of INNO-406 on these specific tyrosine kinases decreases cellular proliferation and induces apoptosis. A high percentage of CML patients are refractory to imatinib, which sometimes results from point mutations occurring in the kinase domain of the Bcr/Abl fusion product. Due to its dual inhibitory activity, INNO-406 has been shown to overcome this particular drug resistance and to be a potent and effective agent in the treatment of imatinib-resistant CML."]], ["Combigan", "CC(C)(C)NC[C@@H](COC1=NSN=C1N2CCOCC2)O.C1CN=C(N1)NC2=C(C3=NC=CN=C3C=C2)Br", ["A pharmaceutical preparation of brimonidine tartrate and timolol maleate. The combined ADRENERGIC ALPHA2 RECEPTOR AGONIST and ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONIST activity of these drugs reduce INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE in GLAUCOMA patients."]], ["Mitoquinone", "CC1=C(C(=O)C(=C(C1=O)OC)OC)CCCCCCCCCC[P+](C2=CC=CC=C2)(C3=CC=CC=C3)C4=CC=CC=C4", ["Mitoquinone is based on a novel technology, targeted lipophilic cations, that transport and concentrate antioxidants into the mitochondria -- organelles inside cells that provide energy for life processes -- where they accumulate up to a thousand fold. In 2004, a genomic study of hereditary early-onset Parkinson's disease demonstrated a direct molecular link between mitochondrial dysfunction and the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. Mitochondrial dysfunction also has been shown to represent an early critical event in the pathogenesis of the sporadic form of Parkinson's disease. Clinical studies by the Parkinson's Study Group show that very high doses of an antioxidant called Coenzyme Q (which Mitoquinone effectively targets into mitochondria) appear to slow the progression of Parkinson's disease symptoms."]], ["Rislenemdaz", "CC1=CC=C(C=C1)COC(=O)N2CC[C@@H]([C@@H](C2)F)CNC3=NC=CC=N3", ["Mk 0657 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Major Depressive Disorder."]], ["Elocalcitol", "CCC(CC)(/C=C/C[C@H](C)C1=CC[C@@H]\\2[C@@]1(CCC/C2=C\\C=C/3\\C[C@H](C[C@@H](C3=C)F)O)C)O", ["Elocalcitol is a calcitriol analog for inhibition of prostate cell growth; in phase II clinical trial in patients with benign prostate hyperplasia (4/2004)."]], ["Amenamevir", "CC1=C(C(=CC=C1)C)N(CC(=O)NC2=CC=C(C=C2)C3=NOC=N3)C(=O)C4CCS(=O)(=O)CC4", ["Amenamevir has been used in trials studying the treatment of Herpes Zoster, Herpes Simplex, Herpes Genitalis, and Safety of Amenamevir.", "Amenamevir is a novel helicase-primase inhibitor that is active against varicella-zoster virus and herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2. Amenamenir stabilizes the interaction between the helicase-primase and its DNA substrates, preventing the progression through helicase or primase catalytic cycles, thus interfering with viral DNA replication and viral growth."]], ["Belnacasan", "CCO[C@H]1[C@H](CC(=O)O1)NC(=O)[C@@H]2CCCN2C(=O)[C@H](C(C)(C)C)NC(=O)C3=CC(=C(C=C3)N)Cl", ["Belnacasan is a dipeptide.", "VX-765 is the orally available prodrug of a potent and selective competitive inhibitor of ICE/caspase-1 (VRT-043198). VX-765 is currently under clinical development for the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune conditions, as it blocks the hypersensitive response to an inflammatory stimulus."]], ["Encequidar", "COC1=C(C=C2CN(CCC2=C1)CCC3=CC=C(C=C3)N4N=C(N=N4)C5=CC(=C(C=C5NC(=O)C6=CC(=O)C7=CC=CC=C7O6)OC)OC)OC", ["Encequidar is an inhibitor of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette (ABC) transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp), with adjuvant activity. Upon oral administration, encequidar selectively binds to and inhibits the multidrug resistance (MDR) efflux pump P-gp, which prevents the efflux of various chemotherapeutic agents from intestinal epithelial cells to the gastrointestinal tract. This leads to an increase in both oral bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy. P-gp prevents the intestinal uptake and intracellular accumulation of various cytotoxic agents. Encequidar is not systemically absorbed."]], ["Bevirimat dimeglumine", "CC(=C)[C@@H]1CC[C@]2([C@H]1[C@H]3CC[C@@H]4[C@]5(CC[C@@H](C([C@@H]5CC[C@]4([C@@]3(CC2)C)C)(C)C)OC(=O)CC(C)(C)C(=O)O)C)C(=O)O.CNC[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](CO)O)O)O)O.CNC[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](CO)O)O)O)O", ["Bevirimat Dimeglumine is a dimeglumine formulation of bevirimat, a drug derived from a betulinic acid-like compound, first isolated from the Chinese herb Syzygium claviflorum, with activity against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Bevirimat acts by binding to the Gag capsid precursor protein and blocking its conversion to mature capsid protein by protease cleavage. It potently inhibits replication in both wild-type and drug-resistant (reverse transciptase or protease) HIV-1 isolates."]], ["Obatoclax", "CC1=CC(=C(N1)/C=C\\2/C(=C/C(=C/3\\C=C4C=CC=CC4=N3)/N2)OC)C", ["Obatoclax has been used in trials studying the treatment of AML, Leukemia, Myelofibrosis, Hodgkin's Lymphoma, and Mantle-Cell Lymphoma, among others.", "Obatoclax is a small molecule and a pan-inhibitor of Bcl-2 family proteins, with pro-apoptotic activity. GX015-070 is a selective antagonist of the BH3-binding groove of the Bcl-2 family proteins, which are frequently overexpressed in cancers including chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). This agent induces/restores apoptosis in cancer cells by inhibiting apoptosis suppressors in multiple members of the Bcl-2 family simultaneously."]], ["Verubulin", "CC1=NC2=CC=CC=C2C(=N1)N(C)C3=CC=C(C=C3)OC", ["Antineoplastic; a small-molecule inhibitor of microtubule formation that is not a substrate for multidrug resistance pumps.", "Verubulin is a quinazoline derivative with potential antineoplastic activities. Verubulin binds to and inhibits tubulin polymerization and interrupts microtubule formation, resulting in disruption of mitotic spindle assembly, cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase, and cell death. This agent is not a substrate for several subtypes of multidrug resistance ABC transporters, and may be useful for treating multidrug resistant tumors. In addition, as a vascular disrupting agent, verubulin disrupts tumor microvasculature specifically, which may result in acute ischemia and massive tumor cell death. In addition, verubulin is able to cross the blood-brain barrier and accumulate in the brain."]], ["Carmegliptin", "COC1=C(C=C2[C@@H]3C[C@@H]([C@H](CN3CCC2=C1)N4C[C@H](CC4=O)CF)N)OC", ["Carmegliptin has been used in trials studying the treatment of Diabetes Mellitus Type 2.", "Carmegliptin is a potent, long-acting, selective, orally bioavailable, pyrrolidinone-based inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4), with hypoglycemic activity. Carmegliptin shows extensive tissue distribution and is excreted unchanged in the urine and bile."]], ["Benzamide, N,N-diethyl-4-(5-hydroxyspiro(2H-1-benzopyran-2,4'-piperidin)-4-yl)-", "CCN(CC)C(=O)C1=CC=C(C=C1)C2=CC3(CCNCC3)OC4=CC=CC(=C42)O", ["ADL5859 is a novel, oral compound that targets the Delta opioid receptor. Delta receptor agonists are thought to offer benefits over other approaches to the management of pain."]], ["(E)-(4-(2-(1H-indazol-3-yl)vinyl)phenyl)(piperazin-1-yl)methanone", "C1CN(CCN1)C(=O)C2=CC=C(C=C2)/C=C/C3=NNC4=CC=CC=C43", ["[4-[2-(1H-indazol-3-yl)ethenyl]phenyl]-(1-piperazinyl)methanone is a member of indazoles.", "FLT3/ABL/Aurora Kinase Inhibitor KW-2449 is an orally available inhibitor of FMS-related tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3, STK1, or FLK2), the tyrosine kinase ABL, and aurora kinases, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, FLT3/ABL/Aurora kinase inhibitor KW-2449 specifically binds to and inhibits both wild-type and mutated forms of FLT3, ABL and aurora kinases, which both interferes with the activation of signal transduction pathways mediated by these kinases and reduces the proliferation of susceptible cancer cells. FLT3 and ABL kinases are upregulated in certain tumor cells and play important roles in tumor cell proliferation and metastasis. Aurora kinases, serine-threonine kinases overexpressed by a wide variety of cancer cell types, play essential roles in mitotic checkpoint control."]], ["Technetium Tc-99m disofenin", "CC(C)C1=C(C(=CC=C1)C(C)C)NC(=O)CN(CC(=O)O)CC(=O)O.[99Tc]", ["Technetium Tc-99m disofenin is a radiopharmaceutical agent used in hepatobiliary imaging for diagnostic purposes. It is well suited for both planar and single photon tomographic scintigraphy to quantitatively measure the function of liver, gallbladder and bile ducts and detect any anatomical changes in the hepatobliary system. It is available as an intravenous injection in a preparation kit under the name Hepatolite. Technetium Tc-99m is a metastable nuclear isomer and disofenin is an iminodiacetic acid derivative with no known pharmacologic actions at the doses recommended. However disofenin is the most commonly used iminodiacetic acid since it has a high liver to renal extraction and its hepatic uptake is not as highly dependent on serum bilirubin levels (a competitive inhibitor for liver uptake) as are other tracers from the iminodiacetic acid.", "Technetium tc-99m disofenin is a Radioactive Diagnostic Agent. The mechanism of action of technetium tc-99m disofenin is as a Radiopharmaceutical Activity.", "A radiopharmaceutical used extensively in cholescintigraphy for the evaluation of hepatobiliary diseases. (From Int Jrnl Rad Appl Inst 1992;43(9):1061-4)"]], ["Choletec", "CC1=CC(=C(C(=C1NC(=O)CN(CC(=O)O)CC(=O)O)C)Br)C.[99Tc]", ["Technetium Tc 99m Mebrofenin is a diagnostic radiopharmaceutical composed of diisopropyl-iminodiacetic acid (DISIDA)  attached to a technetium-99m ion.  Following intravenous injection, single photon emission computer tomography (SPECT) imaging of the liver or gallbladder is performed using a gamma camera to detect the gamma rays emitted by the technetium-99m as it decays. This is possible as Technetium-99m decays by isomeric transition to technetium-99 through the release of a gamma ray.  Liver and gallbladder imaging is enabled through attachment to mebrofenin as this molecule has high hepatic uptake and fast biliary excretion, resulting in improved hepatic imaging. More specifically, mebrofenin is taken up into hepatocytes through the action of OATP1B1 and OATP1B3 transporters.  Currently available within a sterile kit, Tc-99m Mebrofenin is indicated for imaging of the liver and gallbladder.", "Technetium tc-99m mebrofenin is a Radioactive Diagnostic Agent. The mechanism of action of technetium tc-99m mebrofenin is as a Radiopharmaceutical Activity.", "Technetium Tc-99m Mebrofenin is a radioconjugate composed of the iminodiacetic acid derivative mebrofenin bound to an isotope of the synthetic element technetium (Tc). Upon administration and rapid clearance from the circulation, technetium Tc 99m mebrofenin is secreted into the hepatobiliary system, emitting gamma rays that are detectable with planar scintigraphy or single photon emission computer tomography (SPECT). Mebrofenin has no pharmacological effect at the recommended dosage for diagnostic imagining."]], ["Aclidinium", "C1C[N+]2(CCC1[C@H](C2)OC(=O)C(C3=CC=CS3)(C4=CC=CS4)O)CCCOC5=CC=CC=C5", ["Aclidinium is a carboxylic ester obtained by formal condensation between the carboxy group of 2-hydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetic acid and the hydroxy group of N-(3-phenoxypropyl)-3-quinuclidinol. Used as its bromide salt for the long-term maintenance treatment of bronchospasm associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It has a role as a bronchodilator agent and a muscarinic antagonist. It is a quaternary ammonium ion, a carboxylic ester, a member of thiophenes and an aromatic ether. It is functionally related to a 3-quinuclidinol.", "Aclidinium is an anticholinergic for the long-term management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It has a much higher propensity to bind to muscarinic receptors than nicotinic receptors. FDA approved on July 24, 2012.", "Aclidinium is an Anticholinergic. The mechanism of action of aclidinium is as a Cholinergic Antagonist.", "Aclidinium is a synthetic anticholinergic agent that is used as an inhalant for treatment of acute bronchospasm due to chronic bronchitis or emphysema. Aclidinium has not been implicated in causing liver enzyme elevations or clinically apparent acute liver injury."]], ["Basimglurant", "CC1=C(N=C(N1C2=CC=C(C=C2)F)C)C#CC3=CC(=NC=C3)Cl", ["Basimglurant has been used in trials studying the diagnostic and treatment of Depression, Fragile X Syndrome, and Major Depressive Disorder."]], ["Danusertib", "CN1CCN(CC1)C2=CC=C(C=C2)C(=O)NC3=NNC4=C3CN(C4)C(=O)[C@@H](C5=CC=CC=C5)OC", ["N-[5-[(2R)-2-methoxy-1-oxo-2-phenylethyl]-4,6-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazol-3-yl]-4-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)benzamide is a member of piperazines.", "Danusertib has been used in trials studying the treatment of Leukemia.", "Danusertib is a small-molecule 3-aminopyrazole derivative with potential antineoplastic activity. Danusertib binds to and inhibits the Aurora kinases, which may result in cell growth arrest and apoptosis in tumor cells in which Aurora kinases are overexpressed. This agent may preferentially bind to and inhibit Aurora B kinase. Aurora kinases, a family of serine-threonine kinases, are important regulators of cellular proliferation and division."]], ["Apratastat", "CC1([C@@H](N(CCS1)S(=O)(=O)C2=CC=C(C=C2)OCC#CCO)C(=O)NO)C", ["Apratastat is a sulfonamide.", "Tmi 005 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT00095342 (Study Evaluating TMI-005 in Active Rheumatoid Arthritis)."]], ["2-((2-Bromoethyl)(2,4-dinitro-6-((2-(phosphonooxy)ethyl)carbamoyl)phenyl)amino)ethyl methanesulfonate", "CS(=O)(=O)OCCN(CCBr)C1=C(C=C(C=C1[N+](=O)[O-])[N+](=O)[O-])C(=O)NCCOP(=O)(O)O", ["Nitrogen Mustard Prodrug PR-104 is a non-toxic, small-molecule, hypoxia-activated, 3,5-dinitrobenzamide nitrogen mustard pre-prodrug with potential antitumor activity. Upon intravenous administration, PR-104 is converted by systemic phosphatases to the alcohol intermediate PR-104A, which is reduced to form the active DNA-crosslinking mustard species hydroxylamine PR-104H intracellularly under hypoxic conditions. PR-104H specifically crosslinks hypoxic tumor cell DNA, resulting in the inhibition of DNA repair and synthesis, cell-cycle arrest, and apoptosis in susceptible hypoxic tumor cell populations while sparing normoxic tissues."]], ["Urea, C-14", "[14C](=O)(N)N", ["UREA C 14 is a member of ureas.", "Urea 14C is a urea molecule radiolabelled with a radioactive carbon-14. It is currently used for the Urea Breath Test (UBT) and is available as a rapid diagnostic test (marketed as PyTest) for the detection of Helicobacter pylori infections. H pylori is a common stomach bacteria that has been linked to a variety of upper gastrointestinal disorders such as gastritis, gastric and peptic ulcers, stomach cancer, and gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid-tissue (MALT) lymphoma. The UBT is indicated to confirm H. pylori infection and to monitor post-treatment for its eradication.   Radiolabelled urea is available in two forms as 13C and 14C. Both forms can be used within the Urea Breath Test, however some may prefer 13C as it is non-radioactive compared to 14C, which may be preferable in pregnant women and children.  The Urea Breath Test is based on the ability of the H. pylori enzyme urease to cleave urea into ammonia and carbon dioxide. As the urease enzyme is not present in mammalian cells, the presence of urease (and the products of urea cleavage) in the stomach is evidence that H. pylori bacteria are present.  To detect H. pylori, urea labeled with 14C is swallowed by the patient. If gastric urease from H. pylori is present, urea is split to form CO2 and NH3 at the interface between the gastric epithelium and lumen and 14CO2 is absorbed into the blood and exhaled in the breath. Exhaled breath samples can then be collected and measured for the presence of radioactivity.", "Urea C-14 is a radiolabelled urea molecule used to diagnose stomach ulcers caused by Heliobacter pylori. In the presence of H. pylori, urea C-14 is metabolized by urease to produce ammonia and radioactive carbon dioxide at the interface between the gastric epithelium and lumen. The radioactive carbon dioxide is absorbed in the blood and is detected when exhaled in the breath."]], ["2-(5-fluoro-2-methyl-3-(quinolin-2-ylmethyl)-1H-indol-1-yl)acetic acid", "CC1=C(C2=C(N1CC(=O)O)C=CC(=C2)F)CC3=NC4=CC=CC=C4C=C3", ["OC000459 is under investigation for the treatment of Severe Eosinophilic Asthma. OC000459 has been investigated for the treatment of Bronchial Asthma."]], ["Zicronapine", "CC1(CN(CCN1C)[C@@H]2C[C@H](C3=C2C=C(C=C3)Cl)C4=CC=CC=C4)C", ["Zicronapine is a member of indanes.", "Zicronapine has been used in trials studying the treatment of Schizophrenia."]], ["1H-Pyrazolo(4,3-d)pyrimidine-3-carboxamide, 1-(2-ethoxyethyl)-5-(ethylmethylamino)-7-((4-methyl-2-pyridinyl)amino)-N-(methylsulfonyl)", "CCN(C)C1=NC2=C(C(=N1)NC3=NC=CC(=C3)C)N(N=C2C(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C)CCOCC", ["PF-00489791 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Hypertension, Raynaud's Disease, Diabetic Nephropathies, Hypertension, Pulmonary, and Peripheral Vascular Disease."]], ["1H-3-Benzazepine, 7-[[4-[(4-chlorophenyl)methoxy]phenyl]sulfonyl]-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-8-methoxy-3-methyl-", "CN1CCC2=CC(=C(C=C2CC1)S(=O)(=O)C3=CC=C(C=C3)OCC4=CC=C(C=C4)Cl)OC", ["SB-773812 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT00259870 (SB-773812 Administered in Adults With Schizophrenia)."]], ["Tranylcypromine sulphate", "C1[C@@H]([C@H]1N)C2=CC=CC=C2.C1[C@@H]([C@H]1N)C2=CC=CC=C2.OS(=O)(=O)O", ["Tranylcypromine Sulfate is the sulfate salt form of tranylcypromine, an orally bioavailable, nonselective, irreversible, non-hydrazine inhibitor of both monoamine oxidase (MAO) and lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1/BHC110), with antidepressant and anxiolytic activities, and potential antineoplastic activities. Upon oral administration, tranylcypromine exerts its antidepressant and anxiolytic effects through the inhibition of MAO, an enzyme that catalyzes the breakdown of the monoamine neurotransmitters serotonin, norepinephrine, epinephrine and dopamine. This increases the concentrations and activity of these neurotransmitters. Tranylcypromine exerts its antineoplastic effect through the inhibition of LSD1. Inhibition of LSD1 prevents the transcription of LSD1 target genes. LSD1, a flavin-dependent monoamine oxidoreductase and a histone demethylase, is upregulated in a variety of cancers and plays a key role in tumor cell proliferation, migration, and invasion.", "A propylamine formed from the cyclization of the side chain of amphetamine. This monoamine oxidase inhibitor is effective in the treatment of major depression, dysthymic disorder, and atypical depression. It also is useful in panic and phobic disorders. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p311)"]], ["Cevipabulin", "C[C@@H](C(F)(F)F)NC1=C(C(=NC2=NC=NN12)Cl)C3=C(C=C(C=C3F)OCCCNC)F", ["Cevipabulin has been used in trials studying the treatment and educational/counseling/training of Tumors and Neoplasms.", "Cevipabulin is a synthetic, water soluble tubulin-binding agent with potential antineoplastic activity. Cevipabulin appears to bind at the vinca-binding site on tubulin, but seems to act more similar to taxane-site binding agents in that it enhances tubulin polymerization and does not induce tubulin depolymerization. The disruption in microtubule dynamics may eventually inhibit cell division and reduce cellular growth."]], ["spiro(cyclohexane-1,3'(1'H)-furo(3,4-C)pyridine)-4-carboxamide, N-(1-(2-fluorophenyl)-1h-pyrazol-3-yl)-1'-oxo-, trans-", "C1CC2(CCC1C(=O)NC3=NN(C=C3)C4=CC=CC=C4F)C5=C(C=CN=C5)C(=O)O2", ["MK0557 has been investigated for the treatment of Schizophrenia and Paranoid Schizophrenia."]], ["Barasertib", "CCN(CCCOC1=CC2=C(C=C1)C(=NC=N2)NC3=NNC(=C3)CC(=O)NC4=CC(=CC=C4)F)CCOP(=O)(O)O", ["AZT-1152 is a dihydrogen phosphate prodrug of a pyrazoloquinazoline aurora kinase inhibitor AZD1152-hydroxyquinazoline pyrazol anilide(HQPA) and is converted rapidly to the active AZD1152-HQPA in plasma. It has a role as a prodrug, an antineoplastic agent and an Aurora kinase inhibitor. It is a member of quinazolines, a monoalkyl phosphate, an anilide, a member of monofluorobenzenes, a member of pyrazoles, a secondary amino compound, a secondary carboxamide and a tertiary amino compound. It is functionally related to an AZD-1152.", "Barasertib has been used in trials studying the treatment of Tumors, Lymphoma, Solid Tumors, Solid Tumours, and Myeloid Leukemia, among others.", "Barasertib is an orally bioavailable, small-molecule, dihydrogen phosphate prodrug of the pyrazoloquinazoline Aurora kinase inhibitor AZD1152-hydroxyquinazoline pyrazol anilide (AZD1152-HQPA) with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration and rapid conversion from the prodrug form in plasma, AZD1152-HQPA specifically binds to and inhibits Aurora kinase B, which results in the disruption of spindle checkpoint functions and chromosome alignment and, so, the disruption of chromosome segregation and cytokinesis. Consequently, cell division and cell proliferation are inhibited and apoptosis is induced in Aurora kinase B-overexpressing tumor cells. Aurora kinase B, a serine/threonine protein kinase that functions in the attachment of the mitotic spindle to the centromere, is overexpressed in a wide variety of cancer cell types."]], ["1,5-Methano-1H-3-benzazepine, 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-7-(trifluoromethyl)-, (1R,5S)-", "C1[C@H]2CNC[C@@H]1C3=C2C=CC(=C3)C(F)(F)F", ["CP-601,927 has been used in trials studying the basic science and treatment of Major Depressive Disorder."]], ["Obicetrapib", "CC[C@@H]1C[C@@H](C2=C(N1C(=O)OCC)C=CC(=C2)C(F)(F)F)N(CC3=CC(=CC(=C3)C(F)(F)F)C(F)(F)F)C4=NC=C(C=N4)OCCCC(=O)O", ["Obicetrapib is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02241772 (A Study on the Effects of TA-8995 on Lp(a) in Subjects With Elevated Lp(a))."]], ["Fasitibant", "CC1=CC(=NC2=C1C=CC=C2OCC3=C(C=CC(=C3Cl)S(=O)(=O)NC4(CCOCC4)C(=O)N5CCN(CC5)C(=O)[C@H](CCC[N+](C)(C)C)N)Cl)C", ["Fasitibant is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02205814 (Fasitibant Intra-articular Injection in Patients With Symptomatic Osteoarthritis of the Knee)."]], ["Florbetaben F-18", "CNC1=CC=C(C=C1)/C=C/C2=CC=C(C=C2)OCCOCCOCC[18F]", ["Florbetaben ((18)F) is a member of the class of stilbenoids in which the para-hydrogens of stilbene are replaced by methylamino and 2-{2-[2-((18)F)fluoroethoxy]ethoxy}ethoxy) groups. A positron emission tomography imaging ligand for the detection of amyloid aggregation associated with Alzheimer disease. It has a role as a radioactive imaging agent. It is a stilbenoid, a substituted aniline, a secondary amino compound, a (18)F radiopharmaceutical, a polyether and an aromatic ether.", "Florbetaben is a fluorine-18 (18F)-labeled stilbene derivative used for Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging of the brain. It is used for the non-invasive detection of the density of \u00df-amyloid neuritic plaques in the brain of adult patients with cognitive impairment.", "Florbetaben f-18 is a Radioactive Diagnostic Agent. The mechanism of action of florbetaben f-18 is as a Positron Emitting Activity.", "Florbetaben (18F) is a stilbene derivative labeled with the positron-emitting isotope fluorine F 18, that may be used for positron emission tomography (PET) detection of beta-amyloid neuritic plaques and other amyloid protein deposits. Upon administration, F 18-florbetaben exhibits differential retention in regions that contain certain amyloid deposits. Differences in signal intensity between tissues showing specific and non-specific uptake of F 18-florbetaben allows for the detection of amyloid neuritic plaques in patients being evaluated for Alzheimer's disease, and potentially the detection of amyloid deposits in amyloidosis."]], ["Ceralifimod", "CCCC1=CC(=C(C=C1)COC2=CC3=C(C=C2)C(=C(CC3)CN4CC(C4)C(=O)O)C)OC", ["Ceralifimod is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01226745 (Phase 2 Extension Trial in Patients With Relapsing-remitting Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS))."]], ["Benzeneacetamide, N-((4'-hydroxy(1,1'-biphenyl)-3-yl)methyl)-3-(2-(((2R)-2-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-((methylsulfonyl)amino)phenyl)ethyl)amino)-2-methylpropyl)-", "CC(C)(CC1=CC=CC(=C1)CC(=O)NCC2=CC(=CC=C2)C3=CC=C(C=C3)O)NC[C@@H](C4=CC(=C(C=C4)O)NS(=O)(=O)C)O", ["PF-00610355 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Lung Disease, Moxifloxacin, Pulmonary Disease, Asthma, Bronchial, and Bronchial Diseases, among others."]], ["Acetyldihydrocodeinone", "CC(=O)OC1=CC[C@H]2[C@H]3CC4=C5[C@]2([C@H]1OC5=C(C=C4)OC)CCN3C", ["Thebacon is a morphinane alkaloid.", "Acetyldihydrocodeinone is a natural product found in Papaver somniferum with data available."]], ["Nvp-qav-680", "CC1=C(C2=C(N1CC3=CC=C(C=C3)S(=O)(=O)C)N=CC=C2)CC(=O)O", ["QAV680 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Asthma, Allergic Rhinitis, and Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis."]], ["Dacomitinib", "COC1=C(C=C2C(=C1)N=CN=C2NC3=CC(=C(C=C3)F)Cl)NC(=O)/C=C/CN4CCCCC4", ["Dacomitinib is a member of the class of quinazolines that is 7-methoxyquinazoline-4,6-diamine in which the amino group at position 4 is substituted by a 3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl group and the amino group at position 6 is substituted by an (E)-4-(piperidin-1-yl)but-2-enoyl group. It has a role as an epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist and an antineoplastic agent. It is a member of quinazolines, a member of piperidines, an enamide, a member of monochlorobenzenes, a member of monofluorobenzenes, a tertiary amino compound, a secondary amino compound and a secondary carboxamide.", "Dacomitinib, designed as (2E)-N-16-4-(piperidin-1-yl) but-2-enamide, is an oral highly selective quinazalone part of the second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors which are characterized by the irreversible binding at the ATP domain of the epidermal growth factor receptor family kinase domains.  Dacomitinib was developed by Pfizer Inc and approved by the FDA on September 27, 2018. Some evidence in the literature suggests the therapeutic potential of dacomitinib in the epithelial ovarian cancer model, although further investigations are needed.", "Dacomitinib is a multi-kinase receptor inhibitor used in the therapy of cases of non-small cell lung cancer that harbor activating mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor gene (EGFR). Dacomitinib is associated with high rate of transient serum aminotransferase elevations during therapy but has not been linked to instances of clinically apparent acute liver injury."]], ["Nembutal sodium", "CCCC(C)C1(C(=O)NC(=O)NC1=O)CC.[Na+]", ["A short-acting barbiturate that is effective as a sedative and hypnotic (but not as an anti-anxiety) agent and is usually given orally. It is prescribed more frequently for sleep induction than for sedation but, like similar agents, may lose its effectiveness by the second week of continued administration. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p236)"]], ["Gosogliptin", "C1CN(CC1(F)F)C(=O)[C@@H]2C[C@@H](CN2)N3CCN(CC3)C4=NC=CC=N4", ["Gosogliptin is an amino acid amide.", "Gosogliptin has been used in trials studying the treatment of Renal Insufficiency, Chronic.", "Gosogliptin is a potent, selective and orally bioavailable, difluoropyrrolidine-based inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4), with hypoglycemic activity."]], ["Umeclidinium", "C1C[N+]2(CCC1(CC2)C(C3=CC=CC=C3)(C4=CC=CC=C4)O)CCOCC5=CC=CC=C5", ["Umeclidinium is a quaternary ammonium ion that is quinuclidine substituted at positions 1 and 4 by 2-(benzyloxy)ethyl and hydroxy(diphenyl)methyl groups respectively. It has a role as a muscarinic antagonist.", "Umeclidinium is a long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) used as maintenance treatment for symptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It is available as a once-daily inhalation monotherapy or as a fixed-dose combination product with the long-acting beta2-agonist vilanterol. COPD is a progressive obstructive lung disease characterized by shortness of breath, cough, sputum production, and chronically poor airflow with a forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) of less than 80%. By blocking the M3 muscarinic receptor which is highly expressed in airway smooth muscle of the lungs, umeclidinium inhibits the binding of acetylcholine and thereby opens up the airways by preventing bronchoconstriction. Its use has been shown to provide clinically significant, sustained improvements in lung function.", "Umeclidinium is an Anticholinergic. The mechanism of action of umeclidinium is as a Cholinergic Antagonist."]], ["Vabicaserin", "C1C[C@H]2CN3CCNCC4=C3C(=CC=C4)[C@H]2C1", ["Vabicaserin has been used in trials studying the health services research and treatment of Schizophrenia."]], ["Talabostat mesylate", "B([C@@H]1CCCN1C(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)N)(O)O.CS(=O)(=O)O", ["Talabostat Mesylate is the mesylate salt of an orally active small molecule with antineoplastic and hematopoiesis- stimulating activities. By cleaving N-terminal Xaa-Pro or Xaa-Ala residues, talabostat inhibits dipeptidyl peptidases, such as fibroblast activation protein (FAP), resulting in the stimulation of cytokine and chemokine production and specific T-cell immunity and T-cell dependent activity. This agent may also stimulate the production of colony stimulating factors, such as granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), resulting in the stimulation of hematopoiesis. Dipeptidyl peptidases are involved in the activation of polypeptide hormones and chemokines."]], ["(S)-1-(1'-(4-Chloro-2-methoxyphenyl)-5'-fluoro-1',9'-dihydrospiro[cyclopropane-1,4'-pyrido[3,4-b]indol]-2'(3'H)-yl)ethan-1-one", "CC(=O)N1CC2(CC2)C3=C([C@@H]1C4=C(C=C(C=C4)Cl)OC)NC5=C3C(=CC=C5)F", ["ONO-2952 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01887002 (Study to Evaluate the Effects of ONO-2952 on Pain Perception Produced by Rectal Distention in Female Subjects With Diarrhea-Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS-D))."]], ["Elesclomol sodium", "CN(/N=C(\\[O-])/C/C(=N/N(C(=S)C1=CC=CC=C1)C)/[O-])C(=S)C2=CC=CC=C2.[Na+].[Na+]", ["Elesclomol Sodium is the water soluble sodium salt of a small-molecule bis(thio-hydrazide amide) with oxidative stress induction, pro-apoptotic, and potential antineoplastic activities. Elesclomol induces oxidative stress, creating high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as hydrogen peroxide, in both cancer cells and normal cells. Because tumor cells have elevated levels of ROS compared to normal cells, the increase in oxidative stress beyond baseline levels elevates ROS beyond sustainable levels, exhausting tumor cell antioxidant capacity, which may result in the induction of the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. Normal cells are spared because the increase in the level of oxidative stress induced by this agent is below the threshold at which apoptosis is induced."]], ["Pemafibrate", "CC[C@H](C(=O)O)OC1=CC=CC(=C1)CN(CCCOC2=CC=C(C=C2)OC)C3=NC4=CC=CC=C4O3", ["Pemafibrate is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03350165 (A Study of Pemafibrate in Patients With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD))."]], ["Ibodutant", "CC1=CC2=C(C=C1)C=C(S2)C(=O)NC3(CCCC3)C(=O)N[C@H](CC4=CC=CC=C4)C(=O)NCC5CCN(CC5)CC6CCOCC6", ["Ibodutant has been used in trials studying the treatment of Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Irritable Bowel Syndrome With Diarrhea."]], ["Elsulfavirine", "CCC(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C1=CC(=C(C=C1)NC(=O)CC2=C(C(=C(C=C2)Br)OC3=CC(=CC(=C3)C#N)Cl)F)Cl", ["Elsulfavirine is an investigational drug that is being studied to treat HIV infection.", "Elsulfavirine is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03706898 (Study to Evaluate the Safety and PK of Elpida\u00ae in Healthy Subjects and Patients With Hepatic Impairment and to Assess the Impact of Food Intake and Drug-Drug Interactions With Other Antiviral Drugs)."]], ["Unii-0W6K09gaqb", "COC1=NC=C(C=C1)C2(CCC(CC2)N3CC[C@H](C3)NC(=O)CNC(=O)C4=CC(=CC=C4)C(F)(F)F)O", ["INCB3284 is a CCR2 antagonist for Inflammation-driven Diseases."]], ["Azathioprine sodium", "CN1C=NC(=C1SC2=NC=NC3=C2N=C[N-]3)[N+](=O)[O-].[Na+]", ["Azathioprine Sodium is the sodium salt form of azathioprine, a pro-drug of purine analogue with immunosuppressive activity. Azathioprine is converted in vivo to its active metabolite 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP), which substitutes for the normal nucleoside and mistakenly gets incorporated into DNA sequences. This leads to inhibition of DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis. As a result, cell proliferation may be inhibited, particularly in lymphocytes and leukocytes.", "An immunosuppressive agent used in combination with cyclophosphamide and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck Index, 11th ed)"]], ["Retaspimycin", "C[C@H]1C[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](/C=C(/[C@@H]([C@H](/C=C\\C=C(\\C(=O)NC2=CC(=C(C(=C2O)C1)NCC=C)O)/C)OC)OC(=O)N)\\C)C)O)OC", ["Retaspimycin is an ansamycin that is tanespimycin in which the benzoquinone moiety has been reduced to the corresponding hydroquinone. A semi-synthetic analogue of geldanamycin, it is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) in cancer treatment. It has a role as a Hsp90 inhibitor and an antineoplastic agent. It is a member of hydroquinones, an ansamycin, an organic heterobicyclic compound, a secondary amino compound, a semisynthetic derivative and a carbamate ester. It is functionally related to a geldanamycin. It is a conjugate base of a retaspimycin(1+).", "Retaspimycin is a small-molecule inhibitor of heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) with antiproliferative and antineoplastic activities. Retaspimycin binds to and inhibits the cytosolic chaperone functions of HSP90, which maintains the stability and functional shape of many oncogenic signaling proteins and may be overexpressed or overactive in tumor cells. Retaspimycin-mediated inhibition of HSP90 promotes the proteasomal degradation of oncogenic signaling proteins in susceptible tumor cell populations, which may result in the induction of apoptosis."]], ["Quisinostat", "CN1C=C(C2=CC=CC=C21)CNCC3CCN(CC3)C4=NC=C(C=N4)C(=O)NO", ["N-hydroxy-2-[4-[[(1-methyl-3-indolyl)methylamino]methyl]-1-piperidinyl]-5-pyrimidinecarboxamide is a member of indoles.", "Quisinostat has been used in trials studying the treatment of Lymphoma, Neoplasms, Myelodysplastic Syndromes, and Advanced or Refractory Leukemia.", "Quisinostat is an orally bioavailable, second-generation, hydroxamic acid-based inhibitor of histone deacetylase (HDAC) with potential antineoplastic activity. HDAC inhibitor JNJ-26481585 inhibits HDAC leading to an accumulation of highly acetylated histones, which may result in an induction of chromatin remodeling; inhibition of the transcription of tumor suppressor genes; inhibition of tumor cell division; and the induction of tumor cell apoptosis. HDAC, an enzyme upregulated in many tumor types, deacetylates chromatin histone proteins. Compared to some first generation HDAC inhibitors, JNJ-26481585 may induce superior HSP70 upregulation and bcl-2 downregulation."]], ["Ralimetinib", "CC(C)(C)CN1C2=C(C=CC(=N2)C3=C(N=C(N3)C(C)(C)C)C4=CC=C(C=C4)F)N=C1N", ["Ralimetinib has been used in trials studying the treatment of Postmenopausal, Advanced Cancer, Adult Glioblastoma, Fallopian Tube Cancer, and Metastatic Breast Cancer, among others."]], ["N-(3-fluorobenzyl)-2-(5-(4-morpholinophenyl)pyridin-2-yl)acetamide", "C1COCCN1C2=CC=C(C=C2)C3=CN=C(C=C3)CC(=O)NCC4=CC(=CC=C4)F", ["Src/tubulin Inhibitor KX2-361 is a lipophilic, orally available inhibitor of both Src kinase activity and tubulin polymerization, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration,Src/tubulin Inhibitor KX2-361 binds to and inhibits the activity of Src kinase. This inhibits both downstream signaling and the proliferation of Src kinase-expressing tumor cells. KX02 also binds to tubulin heterodimers and inhibits microtubule polymerization, thereby disrupting microtubule formation, mitosis, and further proliferation. Src, a non-receptor tyrosine kinase, is overexpressed in a variety of tumor cell types and plays a key role in tumor cell proliferation, angiogenesis, migration, and metastasis."]], ["Revamilast", "C1=CC(=C2C(=C1C(=O)N=C3C(=CN(C=C3Cl)O)Cl)C4=C(O2)C=CN=C4)OC(F)F", ["Revamilast has been used in trials studying the treatment of Asthma and Rheumatoid Arthritis."]], ["2-(4-Chloro-3-(3-(1-hydroxycycloheptyl)propanoyl)phenyl)-4-((2R)-2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-propyl)-1,2,4-triazine-3,5-dione", "COC[C@@H](CN1C(=O)C=NN(C1=O)C2=CC(=C(C=C2)Cl)C(=O)NCC3(CCCCCC3)O)O", ["CE-224535 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Osteoarthritis."]], ["Tivozanib hydrochloride", "CC1=CC(=NO1)NC(=O)NC2=C(C=C(C=C2)OC3=C4C=C(C(=CC4=NC=C3)OC)OC)Cl.O.Cl", ["Tivozanib Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt of tivozanib, an orally bioavailable inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFRs) 1, 2 and 3 with potential antiangiogenic and antineoplastic activities. Tivozanib binds to and inhibits VEGFRs 1, 2 and 3, which may result in the inhibition of endothelial cell migration and proliferation, inhibition of tumor angiogenesis and tumor cell death. VEGFR tyrosine kinases, frequently overexpressed by a variety of tumor cell types, play a key role in angiogenesis."]], ["3,4-Difluoro-2-[(2-Fluoro-4-Iodophenyl)amino]-N-(2-Hydroxyethoxy)-5-[(3-Oxo-1,2-Oxazinan-2-Yl)methyl]benzamide", "C1CC(=O)N(OC1)CC2=CC(=C(C(=C2F)F)NC3=C(C=C(C=C3)I)F)C(=O)NOCCO", ["RO4987655 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Neoplasms.", "MEK Inhibitor RO4987655 is an orally active small molecule, targeting mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 (MAP2K1 or MEK1), with potential antineoplastic activity. MEK inhibitor RO4987655 binds to and inhibits MEK, which may result in the inhibition of MEK-dependent cell signaling and the inhibition of tumor cell proliferation. MEK, a dual specificity threonine/tyrosine kinase, is a key component of the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK signaling pathway that regulates cell growth; constitutive activation of this pathway has been implicated in many cancers."]], ["[(1R,5R)-8-methyl-8-propan-2-yl-8-azoniabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl] 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate;bromide", "CC(C)[N+]1([C@@H]2CC[C@@H]1CC(C2)OC(=O)C(CO)C3=CC=CC=C3)C.[Br-]", ["Ipratropium Bromide is the bromide salt form of ipratropium, a synthetic derivative of the alkaloid atropine with anticholinergic properties. Ipratropium antagonizes the actions of acetylcholine at parasympathetic, postganglionic, effector-cell junctions. When inhaled, ipratropium binds competitively to cholinergic receptors in the bronchial smooth muscle thereby blocking the bronchoconstrictor actions of the acetylcholine mediated vagal impulses. Inhibition of the vagal tone leads to dilation of the large central airways resulting in bronchodilation.", "A muscarinic antagonist structurally related to ATROPINE but often considered safer and more effective for inhalation use. It is used for various bronchial disorders, in rhinitis, and as an antiarrhythmic."]], ["((2S)-3-((1,1-Dimethyl-2-(tetrahydrofuran-3-carbonylamino)ethyl)amino)-2-(1-methylcyclopropanecarbonyl)oxy-propyl) 4,5-dihydroxy-2-methyl-benzoate", "CC1=CC(=C(C=C1C(=O)OC[C@H](CNC(C)(C)CNC(=O)C2CCOC2)OC(=O)C3(CC3)C)O)O", ["OT-730 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT00753168 (Phase 1-2 Evaluation of OT-730 Eye Drops in Reducing the Intraocular Pressure in Patients With Ocular Hypertension or Open-angle Glaucoma)."]], ["Benzphetamine hydrochloride", "C[C@@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)N(C)CC2=CC=CC=C2.Cl", ["Benzphetamine Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of benzphetamine, a sympathomimetic amine related to the synthetic agent amphetamine with central nervous system (CNS) stimulating and anorexic properties. Benzphetamine stimulates the release of certain catecholamines, particularly noradrenaline and dopamine, from nerve terminals in the brain and inhibits their uptake. The increase in synaptic concentrations of these catecholamines causes behavioral changes including euphoria, an increase in mental alertness and excitement, and suppresses appetite.", "A sympathomimetic agent with properties similar to DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. It is used in the treatment of obesity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1222)"]], ["(E)-1-[(1S)-1-(4-Fluorophenyl)ethyl]-3-[3-methoxy-4-(4-methyl-1H-imidazol-1-YL)benzylidene]piperidin-2-one", "CC1=CN(C=N1)C2=C(C=C(C=C2)/C=C/3\\CCCN(C3=O)[C@@H](C)C4=CC=C(C=C4)F)OC", ["E-2012 is a gamma secretase modulator that is being evaluated as a potential new treatment for Alzheimer's disease."]], ["Nesbuvir", "CNC(=O)C1=C(OC2=CC(=C(C=C21)C3CC3)N(CCO)S(=O)(=O)C)C4=CC=C(C=C4)F", ["Nesbuvir has been investigated for the treatment of Hepatitis C.", "Nesbuvir is a non-nuceoside polymerase inhibitor with activity against hepatitis C virus (HCV). Nesbuvir binds to the palm site II pocket of HCV NS5B polymerase and inhibits viral genome replication."]], ["1-Piperazinepropanoic acid, 4-dibenz(b,f)(1,4)oxazepin-11-yl-alpha,alpha-dimethyl-", "CC(C)(CN1CCN(CC1)C2=NC3=CC=CC=C3OC4=CC=CC=C42)C(=O)O", ["LY-2624803 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01236105 (Effect of Activated Charcoal and Time of Dose on the Pharmacokinetics of LY2624803 in Healthy Subject)."]], ["Finafloxacin", "C1CC1N2C=C(C(=O)C3=CC(=C(C(=C32)C#N)N4C[C@H]5[C@H](C4)OCCN5)F)C(=O)O", ["Finafloxacin is a quinolone that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid which is substituted at positions 1, 6, 7 and 8 by cyclopropyl, fluoro, hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-b][1,4]oxazin-6-yl and cyano groups respectively; an antibiotic used for treatment of acute otitis externa (swimmer's ear) caused by the bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. It has a role as an antimicrobial agent and an antibacterial drug. It is a quinolone, a monocarboxylic acid, an organofluorine compound, a secondary amino compound, a tertiary amino compound, a nitrile and a member of cyclopropanes.", "Finafloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic indicated in the treatment of acute otitis externa (swimmer's ear) caused by the bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Finafloxacin is marketed by Novartis under the brand Xtoro\u2122, and was approved by the FDA in December 2014.", "Finafloxacin is a Quinolone Antimicrobial."]], ["Paliroden", "C1CN(CC=C1C2=CC(=CC=C2)C(F)(F)F)CCC3=CC=C(C=C3)C4=CC=CC=C4", ["Paliroden is an orally active neurotrophic, non-peptidic compound that activates synthesis of endogenous neurotrophines. Studies show that use of paliroden increased the rate of formation of both neural progenitors and mature neurons. It is indicated for use in Alzheimer's Disease and Parkinson\u2019s."]], ["Cenisertib", "CC1=C(C=CC(=C1)NC2=NC=C(C(=N2)N[C@@H]3[C@@H]4C[C@H]([C@@H]3C(=O)N)C=C4)F)N5CCN(CC5)C", ["Cenisertib is an aurora kinase inhibitor.", "Cenisertib is a water-soluble, synthetic small molecule with potential antineoplastic activity. Cenisertib selectively binds to and inhibits aurora kinases (AKs), a family of serine-threonine kinases which are important regulators of cell division and proliferation, and which are overexpressed in certain types of cancer. Inhibition of aurora kinases inhibits cell division and proliferation and induces apoptosis in tumor cells overexpressing AKs."]], ["(S)-3-(4-(1-(3-(3,5-Dichlorophenyl)-5-(6-methoxynaphthalen-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)ethyl)benzamido)propanoic acid", "C[C@@H](C1=CC=C(C=C1)C(=O)NCCC(=O)O)N2C(=CC(=N2)C3=CC(=CC(=C3)Cl)Cl)C4=CC5=C(C=C4)C=C(C=C5)OC", ["MK0893 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2."]], ["Ralimetinib Mesylate", "CC(C)(C)CN1C2=C(C=CC(=N2)C3=C(N=C(N3)C(C)(C)C)C4=CC=C(C=C4)F)N=C1N.CS(=O)(=O)O.CS(=O)(=O)O", ["Ralimetinib Mesylate is the dimesylate salt form of LY2228820, a tri-substituted imidazole derivative and orally available, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitor with potential anti-inflammatory and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, ralimetinib inhibits the activity of p38, particularly the alpha and beta isoforms, thereby inhibiting MAPKAPK2 phosphorylation and preventing p38 MAPK-mediated signaling. This may inhibit the production of a variety of cytokines involved in inflammation, cellular proliferation and angiogenesis such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFa), interleukin (IL)-1, -6 and -8, vascular endothelial growth factor, and macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha. Ultimately this induces apoptosis and reduces tumor cell proliferation. In addition, inhibition of the p38 MAPK pathway by LY2228820 increases the antineoplastic activity of certain chemotherapeutic agents. p38 MAPK, a serine/threonine protein kinase that is often upregulated in cancer cells, plays a crucial role in tumor cell proliferation, angiogenesis and metastasis."]], ["18-(P-(124I)-Iodophenyl)octadecyl phosphocholine", "C[N+](C)(C)CCOP(=O)([O-])OCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC=C(C=C1)[124I]", ["Iodine I 124 Iopofosine is a radioconjugate composed of the radioisotope iodine I 124 covalently attached to the alkylphospholipid ether (PLE) analog iopofosine, with potential imaging activity upon positron emission tomography (PET). Upon administration, iodine I 124 iopofosine is selectively taken up by tumor cells via membrane lipid rafts and accumulates in tumor cells. The accumulation of this agent is due to a decreased ability of tumor cells to metabolize PLEs because certain tumor cells have lower levels of the enzyme phospholipase-D (PLD), in comparison to normal cells. As tumor cells are unable to metabolize and eliminate iopofosine, tumor cells can be visualized upon PET imaging. Lipid rafts, specialized microdomains of plasma membrane, are overexpressed in cancer cells compared to normal cells. In addition, the radioiodine moiety of this agent is resistant to de-iodination. PLD is an enzyme found in the cell membrane of normal cells that degrades phospholipids."]], ["Trisodium;2-[2-[carboxylatomethyl-[[3-hydroxy-2-methyl-5-(phosphonatooxymethyl)pyridin-4-yl]methyl]amino]ethyl-[[3-hydroxy-5-[[hydroxy(oxido)phosphoryl]oxymethyl]-2-methylpyridin-4-yl]methyl]amino]acetate;manganese(2+)", "CC1=NC=C(C(=C1O)CN(CCN(CC2=C(C(=NC=C2COP(=O)([O-])[O-])C)O)CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])COP(=O)(O)[O-].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Mn+2]", ["Mangafodipir Trisodium is the trisodium salt of mangafodipir with potential antioxidant and chemoprotective activities. Consisting of manganese (II) ions chelated to fodipir (dipyridoxyl diphosphate or DPDP), mangafodipir scavenges oxygen free radicals such as superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radical, potentially preventing oxygen free radical damage to macromolecules such as DNA and minimizing oxygen free radical-related chemotoxicity in normal tissues. However, this agent may potentiate the chemotherapy-induced generation of oxygen free radicals in tumor cells, resulting in the potentiation of chemotherapy-induced cytotoxicity; tumor cells, with higher levels of reactive oxygen species than normal cells, possess a lower threshold for oxygen free radical-mediated cytotoxicity. Mangafodipir is traditionally used as an imaging agent in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)."]], ["D-Fluoromethyltyrosine F-18", "C1=CC(=CC=C1C[C@H](C(=O)O)N)OC[18F]", ["D-fluoromethyltyrosine F-18 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01089998 (PET/CT Imaging for Radiation Dosimetry, Plasma Pharmacokinetics, Safety and Tolerability in Healthy Volunteers and Safety, Tolerability and Diagnostic Performance of BAY86-9596 in Patients With Non-small Cell Lung Cancer, Breast Cancer, Head and Neck Cancer and Patients With Inflammations)."]], ["Temocillin disodium salt", "CC1([C@@H](N2[C@H](S1)[C@@](C2=O)(NC(=O)C(C3=CSC=C3)C(=O)[O-])OC)C(=O)[O-])C.[Na+].[Na+]", ["Temocillin disodium is an organic sodium salt. It contains a temocillin(2-)."]], ["Nicholin", "C[N+](C)(C)CCOP(=O)(O)OP(=O)([O-])OC[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O1)N2C=CC(=NC2=O)N)O)O", ["Citicoline is a nutritional supplement and source of choline and cytidine with potential neuroprotective and nootropic activity. Citicoline, also known as cytidine-5-diphosphocholine or CDP-choline, is hydrolyzed into cytidine and choline in the intestine. Following absorption, both cytidine and choline are dispersed, utilized in various biosynthesis pathways, and cross the blood-brain barrier for resynthesis into citicoline in the brain, which is the rate-limiting product in the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine. This agent also increases acetylcholine (Ach), norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine levels in the central nervous system (CNS). In addition, citicoline is involved in the preservation of sphingomyelin and cardiolipin and the restoration of Na+/K+-ATPase activity. Citicoline also increases glutathione synthesis and glutathione reductase activity, and exerts antiapoptotic effects.", "Donor of choline in biosynthesis of choline-containing phosphoglycerides."]], ["8-Azabicyclo(3.2.1)octan-3-ol, 8-(bis(2-chlorophenyl)methyl)-3-(2-pyrimidinyl)-", "C1C[C@H]2CC(C[C@@H]1N2C(C3=CC=CC=C3Cl)C4=CC=CC=C4Cl)(C5=NC=CC=N5)O", ["Sch 486757 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Cough."]], ["Tanzisertib", "C1COC[C@H]1N2C3=NC(=NC=C3N=C2NC4=C(C=C(C=C4F)F)F)NC5CCC(CC5)O", ["Tanzisertib has been used in trials studying the treatment of Fibrosis, Discoid Lupus, Pulmonary Fibrosis, Interstitial Lung Disease, and Lung Diseases, Interstitial, among others."]], ["Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate", "C[C@@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)N.CS(=O)(=O)O.CS(=O)(=O)O", ["Lisdexamfetamine Dimesylate is the dimesylate form and prodrug of the d-isomer of amphetamine, a non-catecholamine sympathomimetic amine with central nervous system (CNS) stimulating activity. Upon administration, lisdexamphetamine is converted to dextroamphetamine through cleavage of the lysine group. Dextroamphetamine acts by facilitating the release of catecholamines, particularly noradrenaline and dopamine, from its storage sites in nerve terminals in the CNS, and inhibits their uptake within the mesocorticolimbic system, a major component of the brain reward system, resulting in measurable behavioral changes such as euphoria, mental alertness and excitement and appetite suppression. As a CNS stimulant, this agent may increase blood pressure.", "A dextroamphetamine drug precursor that also functions as a CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM STIMULANT and DOPAMINE UPTAKE INHIBITOR and is used in the treatment of ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER."]], ["Carboxyamidotriazole orotate", "C1=CC(=CC=C1C(=O)C2=C(C=C(C=C2Cl)CN3C(=C(N=N3)C(=O)N)N)Cl)Cl.C1=C(NC(=O)NC1=O)C(=O)O", ["Carboxyamidotriazole Orotate is the orotate salt form of carboxyamidotriazole (CAI), an orally bioavailable small molecule with potential antiangiogenic and antiproliferative activities. Carboxyamidotriazole binds to and inhibits non-voltage-operated calcium channels, blocking both Ca2+ influx into cells and Ca2+ release from intracellular stores, resulting in the disruption of calcium channel-mediated signal transduction. CAI inhibits PI3 activity and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling. This may inhibit endothelial proliferation, tumor cell growth, invasion and metastasis."]], ["Temanogrel", "CN1C(=CC=N1)C2=C(C=CC(=C2)NC(=O)C3=CC(=CC=C3)OC)OCCN4CCOCC4", ["Temanogrel is a member of benzamides.", "APD791 is an oral anti-thrombotic drug candidate being evaluated in a Phase 1 clinical trial by Arena. APD791 is intended to lower the risk of arterial thrombosis by reducing the amplification of platelet aggregation, arterial constriction and intimal hyperplasia mediated by serotonin."]], ["Granotapide", "CCOC(=O)C(COC(=O)CC1=CC(=C(C=C1)NC(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2C3=CC=C(C=C3)C(F)(F)F)C(=O)N(C)C)(C4=CC=CC=C4)C(=O)OCC", ["Granotapide has been used in trials studying the treatment of Type II Diabetes Mellitus."]], ["Serdemetan", "C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C(=CN2)CCNC3=CC=C(C=C3)NC4=CC=NC=C4", ["Serdemetan has been used in trials studying the treatment of Neoplasms.", "Serdemetan is an orally bioavailable HDM2 antagonist with potential antineoplastic activity. Serdemetan inhibits the binding of the HDM2 protein to the transcriptional activation domain of the tumor suppressor protein p53. By preventing this HDM2-p53 interaction, the proteasome-mediated enzymatic degradation of p53 is inhibited, which may result in the restoration of p53 signaling and thus the p53-mediated induction of tumor cell apoptosis. HDM2 (human homolog of double minute 2), a zinc finger protein, is a negative regulator of the p53 pathway; often overexpressed in cancer cells, it has been implicated in cancer cell proliferation and survival."]], ["Resminostat", "CN(C)CC1=CC=C(C=C1)S(=O)(=O)N2C=CC(=C2)/C=C/C(=O)NO", ["Resminostat has been used in trials studying the treatment of Sezary Syndrome, Mycosis fungoides, Hodgkin's Lymphoma, Hepatocellular Carcinoma, and Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous, among others.", "Resminostat is an orally bioavailable inhibitor of histone deacetylases (HDACs) with potential antineoplastic activity. Resminostat binds to and inhibits HDACs leading to an accumulation of highly acetylated histones. This may result in an induction of chromatin remodeling, inhibition of the transcription of tumor suppressor genes, inhibition of tumor cell division and the induction of tumor cell apoptosis. HDACs, upregulated in many tumor types, are a class of enzymes that deacetylate chromatin histone proteins."]], ["Lasmiditan", "CN1CCC(CC1)C(=O)C2=NC(=CC=C2)NC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3F)F)F", ["Lasmiditan is an oral medication used in the termination of migraine headaches that was first approved for use in the United States in October 2019. It was also approved by the European Commission on August 17, 2022.  Traditionally, the triptan class of anti-migraine medications (e.g. [sumatriptan]) have seen preferential use in the acute treatment of migraines due to their relatively favourable efficacy and safety. Their use is not devoid of concerns, however, and their vasoconstrictive activity can lead to blood pressure lability and other cardiovascular side effects - for this reason, these medications are less suitable for use in patients with pre-existing cardiovascular disorders. Triptans abort migraines via action at several serotonin receptors, including 5-HT1D and 5-HT1B receptors, and activity at the 5-HT1B receptor has been specifically implicated in their vasoconstrictive activity.  Lasmiditan, in contrast, is a highly selective agonist of 5-HT1F receptors, carrying virtually no affinity for other receptors which appear to be largely responsible for the adverse effect profile of its predecessors - in other words, lasmiditan\u2019s selectivity allows for the successful termination of migraines without causing vasoconstriction. Selectivity for  5-HT1F, a lack of vasoconstrictive activity, and the ability to terminate migraines through neuronal inhibition has resulted in the creation of a new class of anti-migraine medications in which lasmiditan is the first and only member: the neurally-acting anti-migraine medications (NAAMAs).", "Lasmiditan is a small molecule selective agonist of the serotonin 1F [5HT1F] receptor which decreases neuron activity that is thought to mediate pain and inflammation associated with migraine headaches. In clinical trials, lasmiditan was found to shorten the duration of migraine headache pain and other associated symptoms. Lasmiditan is generally well tolerated and has been associated with only rare instances of transient serum aminotransferase elevations during therapy but with no instances of clinically apparent liver injury."]], ["Trabodenoson", "C1CCC(C1)NC2=C3C(=NC=N2)N(C=N3)[C@H]4[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O4)CO[N+](=O)[O-])O)O", ["Trabodenoson has been used in trials studying the treatment of Ocular Hypertension (OHT) and Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma (POAG)."]], ["Benzoic acid, 3-((S)-(4-((4-acetyl-3-hydroxy-2-propylphenoxy)methyl)phenyl)hydroxymethyl)-", "CCCC1=C(C=CC(=C1O)C(=O)C)OCC2=CC=C(C=C2)[C@@H](C3=CC(=CC=C3)C(=O)O)O", ["Ly2300559 has been used in trials studying the prevention of Migraine Headache."]], ["Veratrine (amorphous)", "C[C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@@]([C@]3([C@H](C[C@]4([C@@H]5CC[C@H]6[C@]7([C@]5(C[C@]4([C@@H]3CN2C1)O)O[C@]6([C@H](CC7)OC(=O)C8=CC(=C(C=C8)OC)OC)O)C)O)O)O)(C)O", ["A benzoate-cevane found in VERATRUM and Schoenocaulon. It activates SODIUM CHANNELS to stay open longer than normal."]], ["Sulfamide, N-(((2S)-6-chloro-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-2-yl)methyl)-", "C1[C@@H](OC2=C(O1)C=C(C=C2)Cl)CNS(=O)(=O)N", ["JNJ-26489112 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT00579384 (A Study of the Effects of JNJ-26489112 on the Photic Induced Paroxysmal Electroencephalogram (EEG) Response in Patients With Photosensitive Epilepsy)."]], ["Acalisib", "C[C@@H](C1=NC2=C(C=C(C=C2)F)C(=O)N1C3=CC=CC=C3)NC4=NC=NC5=C4NC=N5", ["Acalisib is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01705847 (A Phase 1b Study Evaluating GS-9820 in Subjects With Lymphoid Malignancies).", "Acalisib is an inhibitor of the beta and delta isoforms of the 110 kDa catalytic subunit of class IA phosphoinositide-3 kinases (PI3K) with potential immunomodulating and antineoplastic activities. Acalisib inhibits the activity of PI3K, thereby preventing the production of the second messenger phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3), which decreases tumor cell proliferation and induces cell death. PI3K-mediated signaling is often dysregulated in cancer cells; the targeted inhibition of PI3K is designed to preserve PI3K signaling in normal, non-neoplastic cells."]], ["Tozadenant", "CC1(CCN(CC1)C(=O)NC2=NC3=C(C=CC(=C3S2)N4CCOCC4)OC)O", ["Tozadenant is a member of benzothiazoles.", "Tozadenant has been investigated for the basic science of Cocaine Dependence."]], ["Supinoxin", "COC1=CC(=CC(=C1)N2CCN(CC2)C(=O)NC3=NC4=C(C=CC(=C4)F)N=C3OC)OC", ["P-p68 Inhibitor RX-5902 is an orally bioavailable small molecule inhibitor of phosphorylated-p68 RNA helicase (P-p68), with potential anti-proliferative and antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, P-p68 inhibitor RX-5902 may both inhibit the activity of the anti-apoptotic B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) protein and facilitate the induction of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 (p21). This may prevent G2/M cell cycle progression and lead to growth inhibition in tumor cells. P-p68 is overexpressed in various types of solid tumors but absent in normal tissues, and plays a role in tumor progression and metastasis. p21 is a potent cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor which regulates cell cycle progression and mediates both growth arrest and cellular senescence."]], ["Midalcipran", "CCN(CC)C(=O)C1(CC1CN)C2=CC=CC=C2", ["Milnacipran is a member of acetamides.", "Milnacipran is a selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) and like many agents in this category was originally developed for and continues to be approved and indicated for the treatment of depression. Furthermore, in 2009 the US FDA approved milnacipran for the additional indication of treating fibromyalgia, although other regional regulatory authorities like the EMA, among others, have not yet approved the agent for such treatment, citing lack of robust evidence of efficacy, insufficient demonstration of maintenance of effect, and other concerns. Nevertheless, milnacipran demonstrates a somewhat unique characteristic among SNRIs to elicit a relatively balanced reuptake inhibition of both serotonin and noradrenaline, with a somewhat increased preference for noradrenaline reuptake inhibition - which is potentially a point of interest given the plausible proposal that noradrenaline plays an important role in the mitigation of pain signals in the descending inhibitory pain pathways in the brain and spinal cord.  Moreover, recent research has shown that the levorotatory enantiomer of milnacipran, levomilnacipran, may have the capacity to inhibit the activity of beta-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme-1 (BACE-1), which has investigationally been associated with \u03b2-amyloid plaque formation - making the agent a possible course of treatment for Alzheimer's disease.", "A cyclopropanecarboxamide serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) that is used in the treatment of FIBROMYALGIA."]], ["Melogliptin", "C1C[C@H](C[C@H]1CN2C=NC=N2)NCC(=O)N3C[C@H](C[C@H]3C#N)F", ["Melogliptin is a potent, selective and orally bioavailable, cyanopyrrolidine-based inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4), with hypoglycemic activity."]], ["Evodenoson", "COC(=O)N1CCC(CC1)CC#CC2=NC(=C3C(=N2)N(C=N3)[C@H]4[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O4)C(=O)NC5CC5)O)O)N", ["Evodenoson has been used in trials studying the treatment of Open-angle Glaucoma and Ocular Hypertension."]], ["Nivocasan", "CC(C)[C@]1(CC(=NO1)C2=NC=CC3=CC=CC=C32)C(=O)N[C@H]4CC(=O)O[C@@]4(CF)O", ["Nivocasan has been used in trials studying the treatment of HCV Infection and Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis."]], ["(3S,11bS)-tetrabenazine", "CC(C)C[C@H]1CN2CCC3=CC(=C(C=C3[C@@H]2CC1=O)OC)OC", ["(3S,11bS)-9,10-dimethoxy-3-isobutyl-1,3,4,6,7,11b-hexahydro-2H-pyrido[2,1-a]isoquinolin-2-one is a 9,10-dimethoxy-3-isobutyl-1,3,4,6,7,11b-hexahydro-2H-pyrido[2,1-a]isoquinolin-2-one in which both stereocentres have S configuration. It is an enantiomer of a (3R,11bR)-9,10-dimethoxy-3-isobutyl-1,3,4,6,7,11b-hexahydro-2H-pyrido[2,1-a]isoquinolin-2-one.", "Tetrabenazine is a Vesicular Monoamine Transporter 2 Inhibitor. The mechanism of action of tetrabenazine is as a Vesicular Monoamine Transporter 2 Inhibitor.", "A drug formerly used as an antipsychotic and treatment of various movement disorders. Tetrabenazine blocks neurotransmitter uptake into adrenergic storage vesicles and has been used as a high affinity label for the vesicle transport system."]], ["Eribaxaban", "CO[C@@H]1C[C@@H](N(C1)C(=O)NC2=CC=C(C=C2)Cl)C(=O)NC3=C(C=C(C=C3)N4C=CC=CC4=O)F", ["Eribaxaban is a member of the class of pyrrolidines that is (2R,4R)-N(1)-(p-chlorophenyl)-4-methoxypyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxamide in which the nitrogen of the 2-carbamoyl group has been substituted by a 2-fluoro-4-(2-oxopyridin-1(2H)-yl)phenyl group. It is a synthetic organic anticoagulant compound that targets activated factor Xa in the coagulation cascade. It has a role as an anticoagulant, an EC 3.4.21.6 (coagulation factor Xa) inhibitor and a serine protease inhibitor. It is a pyridone, a secondary carboxamide, a member of ureas, a member of monochlorobenzenes, a member of pyrrolidines and a member of monofluorobenzenes.", "Eribaxaban is an orally active inhibitor of coagulation factor Xa (activated factor X) with anticoagulant activity. Eribaxaban is no longer on the market."]], ["Epelsiban", "CC[C@H](C)[C@@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](C(=O)N1[C@H](C2=C(N=C(C=C2)C)C)C(=O)N3CCOCC3)C4CC5=CC=CC=C5C4", ["Epelsiban is a dipeptide.", "Epelsiban has been investigated for the treatment of Premature Ejaculation."]], ["Quarfloxin", "CN1CCC[C@H]1CCNC(=O)C2=CN3C4=CC5=CC=CC=C5C=C4OC6=C3C(=CC(=C6N7CCC(C7)C8=NC=CN=C8)F)C2=O", ["Itarnafloxin is a phenoxazine.", "Quarfloxin is a fluoroquinolone derivative with antineoplastic activity. Quarfloxin disrupts the interaction between the nucleolin protein and a G-quadruplex DNA structure in the ribosomal DNA (rDNA) template, a critical interaction for rRNA biogenesis that is overexpressed in cancer cells; disruption of this G-quadruplex DNA:protein interaction in aberrant rRNA biogenesis may result in the inhibition of ribosome synthesis and tumor cell apoptosis."]], ["Verubulin hydrochloride", "CC1=NC2=CC=CC=C2C(=N1)N(C)C3=CC=C(C=C3)OC.Cl", ["Verubulin Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of verubulin, a quinazoline derivative with potential dual antineoplastic activities. Verubulin binds to and inhibits tubulin polymerization and interrupts microtubule formation, resulting in disruption of mitotic spindle assembly, cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase, and cell death. This agent is not a substrate for several subtypes of multidrug resistance ABC transporters, such as P-glycoprotein, multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1), and breast cancer resistance protein 1 (BCRP1); therefore, it may be useful for treating multidrug resistant (MDR) tumors that express these transporters. In addition, as a vascular disrupting agent (VDA), verubulin appears to disrupt tumor microvasculature specifically, which may result in acute ischemia and massive tumor cell death."]], ["Linsitinib", "CC1(CC(C1)C2=NC(=C3N2C=CN=C3N)C4=CC5=C(C=C4)C=CC(=N5)C6=CC=CC=C6)O", ["3-[8-amino-1-(2-phenyl-7-quinolinyl)-3-imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazinyl]-1-methyl-1-cyclobutanol is a member of quinolines and a member of cyclobutanes.", "An orally bioavailable small molecule inhibitor of the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) with potential antineoplastic activity. IGF-1R inhibitor OSI-906 selectively inhibits IGF-1R, which may result in the inhibition of tumor cell proliferation and the induction of tumor cell apoptosis.", "Linsitinib is an orally bioavailable small molecule inhibitor of the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) with potential antineoplastic activity. Linsitinib selectively inhibits IGF-1R, which may result in the inhibition of tumor cell proliferation and the induction of tumor cell apoptosis. Overexpressed in a variety of human cancers, IGF-1R stimulates cell proliferation, enables oncogenic transformation, and suppresses apoptosis."]], ["Letaxaban", "C1CNC(=O)N(C1)C2CCN(CC2)C(=O)[C@@H](CS(=O)(=O)C3=CC4=C(C=C3)C=C(C=C4)Cl)O", ["Letaxaban has been used in trials studying the treatment and prevention of Venous Thromboembolism and Acute Coronary Syndrome.", "Letaxaban is an orally active, tetrahydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one derivative and inhibitor of coagulation factor Xa (activated factor X) with anticoagulant activity. Letaxaban does not affect bleeding time."]], ["Desacetylvinblastine amide", "CC[C@@]1(C[C@H]2C[C@@](C3=C(CCN(C2)C1)C4=CC=CC=C4N3)(C5=C(C=C6C(=C5)[C@]78CCN9[C@H]7[C@@](C=CC9)([C@H]([C@@]([C@@H]8N6C)(C(=O)N)O)O)CC)OC)C(=O)OC)O", ["Vinblastine derivative with antineoplastic activity against cancer. Major side effects are myelosuppression and neurotoxicity. Vindesine is used extensively in chemotherapy protocols (antineoplastic combined chemotherapy protocols).", "Vindesine is a synthetic derivative of vinblastine, a naturally occurring vinca alkaloid. Vindesine binds to and stabilizes tubulin, thereby interrupting tubulin polymerization and preventing the formation of the mitotic spindle and cell division; treated cells are unable to undergo mitosis and are arrested in metaphase. This agent also disrupts macromolecular synthesis. (NCI04)", "Vinblastine derivative with antineoplastic activity against CANCER. Major side effects are myelosuppression and neurotoxicity. Vindesine is used extensively in chemotherapy protocols (ANTINEOPLASTIC COMBINED CHEMOTHERAPY PROTOCOLS)."]], ["Morinidazole", "CC1=NC=C(N1CC(CN2CCOCC2)O)[N+](=O)[O-]", ["Morinidazole is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03380793 (A Trial to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of Morinidazole in Patients With Appendicitis)."]], ["N'-benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-ylmethyl-N-(3-imidazol-1-yl-[1,2,4]thiadiazol-5-yl)-N-methyl-propane-1,3-diamine", "CN(CCCNCC1=CC2=C(C=C1)OCO2)C3=NC(=NS3)N4C=CN=C4", ["KD7040 is a topically-delivered inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) inhibitor for the treatment of neuropathic pain. The KD7040 IND was filed in 4Q06, and a Phase Ib clinical trial began 2Q07. It is being developed by Kalypsys."]], ["Cytidine, 2'-deoxy-2',2'-difluoro-N-(1-oxo-2-propylpentyl)-", "CCCC(CCC)C(=O)NC1=NC(=O)N(C=C1)[C@H]2C([C@@H]([C@H](O2)CO)O)(F)F", ["LY2334737 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Solid Tumor, Metastatic Tumor, and Malignant Solid Tumor.", "Gemcitabine Prodrug LY2334737 is an orally available valproic acid prodrug of gemcitabine, a broad-spectrum antimetabolite and deoxycytidine analogue with antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, gemcitabine prodrug LY2334737 is hydrolyzed by carboxylesterase 2 (CES2) and releases gemcitabine systemically over a period of time consistent with formation rate-limited kinetics. In turn, gemcitabine is converted into the active metabolites difluorodeoxycytidine diphosphate and triphosphate (dFdCDP and dFdCTP) by deoxycytidine kinase. dFdCDP inhibits ribonucleotide reductase, thereby decreasing the deoxynucleotide pool available for DNA replication; dFdCTP is incorporated into DNA, resulting in premature termination of DNA replication and eventually the induction of apoptosis. Compared to gemcitabine, this prodrug is able to avoid hydrolysis in enterocytes and the portal circulation thus avoiding first pass metabolism and increasing systemic gemcitabine availability. In addition, the slow release of gemcitabine may enhance efficacy while lowering toxicity. CES2, a serine ester hydrolase, is expressed in certain tumors which may allow for increased conversion of gemcitabine at the tumor site thus increases cytotoxicity."]], ["4,4'-(6-(2-(Difluoromethyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-1-yl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diyl)dimorpholine", "C1COCCN1C2=NC(=NC(=N2)N3C4=CC=CC=C4N=C3C(F)F)N5CCOCC5", ["ZSTK-474 is a triamino-1,3,5-triazine that is 1,3,5-triazine in which two of the hydrogens have been replaced by morpholin-4-yl groups while the third hydrogen has been replaced by a 2-(difluoromethyl)benzimidazol-1-yl group. It is an inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. It has a role as an EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor and an antineoplastic agent. It is a member of morpholines, a member of benzimidazoles, a triamino-1,3,5-triazine and an organofluorine compound.", "ZSTK474 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Neoplasms.", "PI3K Inhibitor ZSTK474 is an orally available, s-triazine derivative, ATP-competitive phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor with potential antineoplastic activity. PI3K inhibitor ZSTK474 inhibits all four PI3K isoforms. Inhibiting the activation of the PI3K/AKT kinase (or protein kinase B) signaling pathway results in inhibition of tumor cell growth and survival in susceptible tumor cell populations. Dysregulated PI3K signaling may contribute to tumor resistance to a variety of antineoplastic agents. This agent does not induce apoptosis but rather induces strong G(0)/G(1) arrest, which might contribute to its favorable efficacy in tumor cells."]], ["1-methyl-5-[2-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]pyridin-4-yl]oxy-N-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]benzimidazol-2-amine", "CN1C2=C(C=C(C=C2)OC3=CC(=NC=C3)C4=NC=C(N4)C(F)(F)F)N=C1NC5=CC=C(C=C5)C(F)(F)F", ["1-methyl-5-[[2-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-4-pyridinyl]oxy]-N-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2-benzimidazolamine is an aromatic ether.", "B-Raf/VEGFR-2 Inhibitor RAF265 is an orally bioavailable small molecule with potential antineoplastic activity. CHIR-265 binds and inhibits Raf kinases, which may result in a reduction of tumor cell growth and proliferation, and tumor cell death. In addition, this agent inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor receptor type 2 (VEGFR-2), thereby disrupting tumor angiogenesis. Raf kinases are critical enzymes in the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway and are frequently upregulated in neoplasms."]], ["Benzopyrano(4,3,2-de)phthalazin-3(2H)-one, 10-((4-hydroxy-1-piperidinyl)methyl)-", "C1CN(CCC1O)CC2=CC3=C(C=C2)OC4=CC=CC5=C4C3=NNC5=O", ["PARP Inhibitor E7016 is an inhibitor of the nuclear enzyme poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) with potential chemo- and/or radiosensitizing activity. PARP inhibitor E7016 selectively binds to PARP and prevents PARP mediated DNA repair of single strand DNA breaks via the base-excision repair pathway. This enhances the accumulation of DNA strand breaks and promotes genomic instability and eventually leads to apoptosis. In addition, this agent may enhance the cytotoxicity of DNA-damaging agents and reverse tumor cell resistance to chemotherapy and radiation therapy. PARP catalyzes post-translational ADP-ribosylation of nuclear proteins that signal and recruit other proteins to repair damaged DNA and is activated by single-strand DNA breaks."]], ["Iodometomidate i-123, R-", "C[C@H](C1=CC=C(C=C1)I)N2C=NC=C2C(=O)OC", ["123I-iodometomidate is under investigation in clinical trial NCT00454103 (Evaluation of 123I-Iodometomidate for Adrenal Scintigraphy)."]], ["Denibulin", "C[C@@H](C(=O)NC1=CC=C(C=C1)SC2=CC3=C(C=C2)N=C(N3)NC(=O)OC)N", ["Denibulin is a novel small molecule Vascular Disrupting Agent under development by MediciNova for treatment of solid tumor cancers.", "Denibulin is a small molecular vascular disrupting agent (VDA), with potential antimitotic and antineoplastic activities. Denibulin selectively targets and reversibly binds to the colchicine-binding site on tubulin and inhibits microtubule assembly. This results in the disruption of the cytoskeleton of tumor endothelial cells, ultimately leading to cell cycle arrest, blockage of cell division and apoptosis. This causes inadequate blood flow to the tumor and eventually leads to a decrease in tumor cell proliferation."]], ["Samidorphan", "C1CC1CN2CC[C@]34CC(=O)CC[C@]3([C@H]2CC5=C4C(=C(C=C5)C(=O)N)O)O", ["Samidorphan is a member of phenanthrenes.", "[Olanzapine] is an effective atypical antipsychotic that, like other antipsychotics, is associated with weight gain, metabolic dysfunction, and increased risk of type II diabetes. Samidorphan is a novel opioid antagonist structurally related to [naltrexone], with a higher affinity for opioid receptors, more potent \u03bc-opioid receptor antagonism, higher oral bioavailability, and a longer half-life, making it an attractive candidate for oral dosing. Although antipsychotic-induced weight gain is incompletely understood, it is thought that the opioid system plays a key role in feeding and metabolism, such that opioid antagonism may be expected to ameliorate these negative effects. Samidorphan has been shown in animal models and clinical trials to ameliorate [olanzapine]-induced weight gain and metabolic dysfunction.  Samidorphan was first approved as a variety of fixed-dose combination tablets with [olanzapine] by the FDA on May 28, 2021, and is currently marketed under the trademark LYBALVI\u2122 by Alkermes Inc.", "Samidorphan is an Opioid Antagonist. The mechanism of action of samidorphan is as an Opioid Antagonist."]], ["Motesanib", "CC1(CNC2=C1C=CC(=C2)NC(=O)C3=C(N=CC=C3)NCC4=CC=NC=C4)C", ["Motesanib is a pyridinecarboxamide.", "Motesanib is an orally bioavailable receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor with potential antineoplastic activity. AMG 706 selectively targets and inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGFR), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGFR), Kit, and Ret receptors, thereby inhibiting angiogenesis and cellular proliferation."]], ["4-[[2-Methyl-2-[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]piperazin-1-yl]propanoyl]amino]adamantane-1-carboxamide", "CC(C)(C(=O)NC1C2CC3CC1CC(C3)(C2)C(=O)N)N4CCN(CC4)C5=NC=C(C=C5)C(F)(F)F", ["ABT-384 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Alzheimer's Disease."]], ["Fostamatinib", "CC1(C(=O)N(C2=C(O1)C=CC(=N2)NC3=NC(=NC=C3F)NC4=CC(=C(C(=C4)OC)OC)OC)COP(=O)(O)O)C", ["Fostamatinib has been investigated for the treatment and basic science of Rheumatoid Arthritis and Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP). It was approved on April 17, 2018, under the trade name Tavalisse for use in ITP. Fostamatinib has also been granted orphan drug status by the FDA.  Recently, fostamatinib has been identified as a potential therapeutic for controlling acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in patients with severe COVID-19 through its ability to modulate the SYK kinase.", "Fostamatinib is an orally available small molecule inhibitor of spleen tyrosine kinase that is used to treat chronic immune thrombocytopenia. Fostamatinib is associated with transient and usually mild elevations in serum aminotransferase levels during therapy but has yet to be linked to instances of clinically apparent acute liver injury.", "Fostamatinib is a small molecule Syk kinase inhibitor with potential anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating activities. Fostamatinib inhibits Syk kinase-mediated IgG Fc gamma receptor signaling, resulting in inhibition of the activation of mast cells, macrophages, and B-cells and related inflammatory responses and tissue damage. Syk kinase, widely expressed in hematopoietic cells, is a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase that is involved in coupling activated immunoreceptors to signal downstream events that mediate diverse cellular responses, including proliferation, differentiation, and phagocytosis."]], ["Gadofosveset trisodium anhydrous", "C1CC(CCC1OP(=O)([O-])OC[C@@H](CN(CCN(CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])N(CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])(C2=CC=CC=C2)C3=CC=CC=C3.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Gd+3]", ["Gadofosveset Trisodium Anhydrous is the anhydrous form of gadofosveset, an injectable, intravascular, amphiphilic gadolinium-based contrast agent (GBCA) used with magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) imaging. Gadofosveset is a stable gadolinium diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA) chelate derivative with a diphenylcyclohexylphosphate group. Upon injection, gadofosveset binds reversibly to endogenous serum albumin which increases its intravascular retention time compared to non-protein binding contrast agents. The serum albumin binding also increases T1-relaxivity of gadofosveset. This produces an increase in signal intensity of blood, thereby enhancing the visualization of blood vessels upon MRA and may aid in the diagnosis of certain blood vessels and heart disorders."]], ["Lorcaserin hydrochloride", "C[C@H]1CNCCC2=C1C=C(C=C2)Cl.Cl", ["Lorcaserin hydrochloride is a hydrochloride obtained by reaction of lorcaserin with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. Used as an anti-obesity drug. It has a role as a serotonergic agonist and an appetite depressant. It contains a lorcaserin(1+)."]], ["Lead chlorate", "[O-]Cl(=O)=O.[O-]Cl(=O)=O.[Pb+2]", ["Lead chlorate is a chemical compound of lead. Lead is a heavy metal and stable element with the symbol Pb and the atomic number 82, existing in metallic, organic, and inorganic forms. It is mainly found in nature as the mineral galena (PbS), cerussite (PbCO3) or anglesite (PbSO4), usually in ore with zinc, silver, or copper. (L21)"]], ["Grapiprant", "CCC1=NC2=C(N1C3=CC=C(C=C3)CCNC(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C4=CC=C(C=C4)C)C=C(N=C2C)C", ["Grapiprant, also known as AT-001 and CJ-023, is a drug from the piprant class. These molecules were derived from acylsulfonamide and are characterized to be a novel series of para-N-acylaminomethylbenzoic acid known to be prostaglandin receptor antagonists. This type of molecules is currently in development for veterinary patients. This class of drugs was defined in 2013 by the World Health Organization.   Grapiprant has been approved in March 2016 by the FDA's Center for Veterinary Medicine as a non-cyclooxygenase inhibiting NSAID for veterinary use.", "Grapiprant is an orally bioavailable antagonist of the prostaglandin E receptor subtype 4 (EP4), with potential analgesic, immunomodulating and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration of grapiprant, this agent selectively binds to and inhibits the binding of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and prevents the activation of the EP4 receptor. This inhibits PGE2-EP4 receptor-mediated signaling and prevents proliferation in tumor cells in which the PGE2-EP4 signaling pathway is over-activated. In addition, EP4 receptor inhibition modulates the immune system by preventing both interleukin-23 (IL-23) production and the IL-23-mediated expansion of Th17 cells. As EP4 is expressed by peripheral sensory neurons, blockade of EP4-mediated signaling may induce an analgesic effect. EP4, a prostanoid receptor subtype, is a G protein-coupled receptor that is expressed in certain types of cancers; it promotes tumor cell proliferation and invasion."]], ["(R)-2-(3-(3-(4-methoxybenzoyl)-2-methyl-6-(trifluoromethoxy)-1H-indol-1-yl)phenoxy)butanoic acid", "CC[C@H](C(=O)O)OC1=CC=CC(=C1)N2C(=C(C3=C2C=C(C=C3)OC(F)(F)F)C(=O)C4=CC=C(C=C4)OC)C", ["MK-0533 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT00543959 (Efficacy and Tolerability of MK0533 in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes (0533-005))."]], ["Aminocandin", "CCCCCCCCOC1=CC=C(C=C1)C2=CC=C(C=C2)C(=O)N[C@H]3CC(CNC(=O)[C@@H]4[C@H]([C@H](CN4C(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H]5C[C@H](CN5C(=O)[C@@H](NC3=O)[C@@H](C)O)O)[C@@H](CC6=CC=C(C=C6)O)O)CO)C)O)NCCN", ["Aminocandin is a member of the family of echinocandins that shows broad-spectrum in vitro activity against Aspergillus and Candida spp. It has a role as an antiinfective agent. It is an echinocandin, a homodetic cyclic peptide and an aromatic ether.", "Aminocandin is a new representative of the echinocandins that could potentially affect the cellular morphology and metabolic status of Candida albicans cells within biofilms."]], ["Imrecoxib", "CCCN1CC(=C(C1=O)C2=CC=C(C=C2)C)C3=CC=C(C=C3)S(=O)(=O)C", ["Imrecoxib has been used in trials studying the treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis."]], ["Nelotanserin", "CN1C(=C(C=N1)Br)C2=C(C=CC(=C2)NC(=O)NC3=C(C=C(C=C3)F)F)OC", ["Nelotanserin is a member of pyrazoles and a ring assembly.", "Nelotanserin has been used in trials studying the treatment of Lewy Body Dementia, Visual Hallucinations, Dementia With Lewy Bodies, and REM Sleep Behavior Disorder. It is a highly selective antagonist at the 5-HT2A serotonin receptor. It increases non-REM sleep, the most restorative phase of the sleep cycle, without sacrificing REM or dream sleep. Nelotanserin works through a mechanism of action that is different from currently marketed drugs."]], ["Retaspimycin hydrochloride", "C[C@H]1C[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](/C=C(/[C@@H]([C@H](/C=C\\C=C(\\C(=O)NC2=CC(=C(C(=C2O)C1)NCC=C)O)/C)OC)OC(=O)N)\\C)C)O)OC.Cl", ["Retaspimycin hydrochloride is a hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride salt of retaspimycin. A semi-synthetic water-soluble analogue of geldanamycin used in cancer treatment. It has a role as a Hsp90 inhibitor and an antineoplastic agent. It contains a retaspimycin(1+).", "Retaspimycin Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt of a small-molecule inhibitor of heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) with antiproliferative and antineoplastic activities. Retaspimycin binds to and inhibits the cytosolic chaperone functions of HSP90, which maintains the stability and functional shape of many oncogenic signaling proteins and may be overexpressed or overactive in tumor cells. Retaspimycin-mediated inhibition of HSP90 promotes the proteasomal degradation of oncogenic signaling proteins in susceptible tumor cell populations, which may result in the induction of apoptosis."]], ["Msx-122", "C1=CN=C(N=C1)NCC2=CC=C(C=C2)CNC3=NC=CC=N3", ["MSX-122 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Solid Tumors.", "CXCR4 Inhibitor Q-122 is an orally bioavailable inhibitor of CXCR4 with potential antineoplastic and antiviral activities. CXCR4 inhibitor MSX-122 binds to the chemokine receptor CXCR4, preventing the binding of stromal derived factor-1 (SDF-1) to the CXCR4 receptor and receptor activation, which may result in decreased tumor cell proliferation and migration. CXCR4, a chemokine receptor belonging to the GPCR (G protein-coupled receptor) gene family, plays an important role in chemotaxis and angiogenesis and is upregulated in several tumor cell types; it is also a co-receptor for HIV entry into T cells."]], ["Bisegliptin", "CCOC(=O)C12CCC(CC1)(CC2)NCC(=O)N3C[C@H](C[C@H]3C#N)F", ["Bisegliptin is a compound for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. It is an orally active, dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPPIV) inhibitor which lowers blood glucose levels by blocking the degradation of the hormone GLP-1 thereby stimulating glucose-dependent insulin secretion and lowering blood glucose levels without hypoglycemic effects."]], ["Nelociguat", "COC(=O)NC1=C(N=C(N=C1N)C2=NN(C3=C2C=CC=N3)CC4=CC=CC=C4F)N", ["Nelociguat is a member of the class of pyrazolopyridines that is 1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine which is substituted by a 2-fluorobenzyl and 4,6-diamino-5-[(methoxycarbonyl)amino]pyrimidin-2-yl groups at positions 1 and 3, respectively. It is an active metabolite of riociguat and a soluble guanylate cyclase stimulator developed by Bayer for the treatment of erectile dysfunction and heart failure. It has a role as a soluble guanylate cyclase activator, an antihypertensive agent, a drug metabolite and a vasodilator agent. It is a pyrazolopyridine, a member of monofluorobenzenes, a carbamate ester and an aminopyrimidine."]], ["Urea, N-(1-((2-amino-4-pyridinyl)methyl)-1H-indol-4-yl)-N'-(5-bromo-2-methoxyphenyl)-", "COC1=C(C=C(C=C1)Br)NC(=O)NC2=C3C=CN(C3=CC=C2)CC4=CC(=NC=C4)N", ["JI-101 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Cancer, Colon Cancer, Neuroendocrine, Ovarian Cancer, and Advanced Solid Tumors.", "Angiogenesis Inhibitor JI-101 is an orally active inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2), platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFRb), and the ephrin B4 receptor B4 (EphB4) with potential antiangiogenic and antineoplastic activities. Angiogenesis inhibitor JI-101 binds to and inhibits VEGFR2, PDGFRb and EphB4, which may inhibit tumor angiogenesis and, so, cellular proliferation in tumor cells overexpressing VEGFR2, PDGFRb and EphB4. The receptor tyrosine kinases VEGFR2, PDGFRb and EphB4 may be overexpressed in a number of different cancer cell types and may play crucial roles in tumor angiogenesis."]], ["Isopropyl 4-((5-methoxy-6-((2-methyl-6-(methylsulfonyl)pyridin-3-yl)amino)pyrimidin-4-yl)oxy)piperidine-1-carboxylate", "CC1=C(C=CC(=N1)S(=O)(=O)C)NC2=C(C(=NC=N2)OC3CCN(CC3)C(=O)OC(C)C)OC", ["JNJ-38431055 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2."]], ["Balapiravir", "CC(C)C(=O)OC[C@@]1([C@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O1)N2C=CC(=NC2=O)N)OC(=O)C(C)C)OC(=O)C(C)C)N=[N+]=[N-]", ["R1626 is one of a new class of hepatitis C therapies called polymerase inhibitors. It achieves significant reductions in viral load in chronic hepatitis C patients infected with the difficult to treat genotype 1 virus. R1626 is very effective in inhibiting viral replication", "Balapiravir has been used in trials studying the treatment of Dengue and Hepatitis C, Chronic.", "Balapiravir is an orally administered prodrug with activity against the hepatitis C virus (HCV). Balapiravir is a tri-isobutyrate ester prodrug of R1479, a nucleoside analogue inhibitor of HCV RNA-dependent RNA polymerase."]], ["3,4-Dihydro-7-(4-(4-(1-naphthyl)piperazino)butoxy)-1,8-naphthyridine-2(1H)-one", "C1CC(=O)NC2=C1C=CC(=N2)OCCCCN3CCN(CC3)C4=CC=CC5=CC=CC=C54", ["PF-00217830 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Schizophrenia."]], ["2-Methyl-3-[4-(3-pyrrolidin-1-ylpropoxy)phenyl]-5-(trifluoromethyl)quinazolin-4-one", "CC1=NC2=CC=CC(=C2C(=O)N1C3=CC=C(C=C3)OCCCN4CCCC4)C(F)(F)F", ["MK0249 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Hypopnea Syndrome, Alzheimer's Disease, Paranoid Schizophrenia, Sleep Apnea, Obstructive, and Excessive Daytime Sleepiness, among others."]], ["AV-412 Tosylate", "CC1=CC=C(C=C1)S(=O)(=O)O.CC1=CC=C(C=C1)S(=O)(=O)O.CC(C)(C#CC1=CC2=C(C=C1NC(=O)C=C)C(=NC=N2)NC3=CC(=C(C=C3)F)Cl)N4CCN(CC4)C", ["EGFR/HER2 Inhibitor AV-412 is a second-generation, orally bioavailable dual kinase inhibitor with potential antineoplastic activity. EGFR/HER2 inhibitor AV-412 binds to and inhibits the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), which may result in the inhibition of tumor growth and angiogenesis, and tumor regression in EGFR/HER2-expressing tumors. This agent may be active against EGFR/HER2-expressing tumor cells that are resistant to first-generation kinase inhibitors. EGFR and HER2 are receptor tyrosine kinases that play major roles in tumor cell proliferation and tumor vascularization."]], ["Ordopidine", "CCN1CCC(CC1)C2=C(C(=CC=C2)S(=O)(=O)C)F", ["ACR325 is developed for the treatment of Parkinson\u2019s disease and psychoses, including bipolar disorder, for which disease existing therapies have only limited effect and considerable adverse side effects. ACR325 is a dopaminergic stabiliser, which has demonstrated promising results in disease models for motor functions and psychoses."]], ["Resatorvid", "CCOC(=O)C1=CCCC[C@H]1S(=O)(=O)NC2=C(C=C(C=C2)F)Cl", ["Resatorvid is an investigational compound designed for the treatment of severe sepsis."]], ["3-Hydroxypyridine-2-carbonyloxy-bis(3-chloro-4-methylphenyl)borane", "B(C1=CC(=C(C=C1)C)Cl)(C2=CC(=C(C=C2)C)Cl)OC(=O)C3=C(C=CC=N3)O", ["AN0128 is a novel compound that contains a boron atom within a borinic acid complex. AN0128 has broad spectrum activity against a wide variety of Gram positive bacteria, including many that are known skin colonizers. Of particular importance is P. acnes and its causal role in acne vulgaris. The rise in antibiotic resistance of P. acnes to standard antibiotics necessitates the development of new treatment agents. AN0128 is a good candidate for a topical antibiotic and is currently being developed by Anacor as a novel therapeutic for acne and atopic dermatitis."]], ["Pipamperone dihydrochloride", "C1CCN(CC1)C2(CCN(CC2)CCCC(=O)C3=CC=C(C=C3)F)C(=O)N.Cl.Cl", ["Pipamperone dihydrochloride is a hydrochloride resulting from the reaction of pipamperone with 2 mol eq. of hydrogen chloride. It is used as an antipsychotic. It has a role as a dopaminergic antagonist, a first generation antipsychotic and a serotonergic antagonist. It contains a pipamperone(2+)."]], ["isopropyl 4-(1-(2-fluoro-4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-yloxy)piperidine-1-carboxylate", "CC(C)OC(=O)N1CCC(CC1)OC2=NC=NC3=C2C=NN3C4=C(C=C(C=C4)S(=O)(=O)C)F", ["APD668 is a novel, highly potent and orally active glucose-dependent insulinotropic receptor (GDIR) agonist intended to more efficiently stimulate insulin release by beta cells in response to elevated blood glucose levels, and to also avoid hypoglycemia."]], ["Auriclosene", "CC(C)(CS(=O)(=O)O)N(Cl)Cl", ["Auriclosene has been used in trials studying the treatment of Impetigo, Bacterial Conjunctivitis, Asymptomatic Bacteriuria, and Adenoviral Conjunctivitis."]], ["4-[[9-Chloro-7-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-5H-pyrimido[5,4-d][2]benzazepin-2-yl]amino]benzoic acid", "C1C2=CN=C(N=C2C3=C(C=C(C=C3)Cl)C(=N1)C4=C(C=CC=C4F)F)NC5=CC=C(C=C5)C(=O)O", ["4-[[9-chloro-7-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-5H-pyrimido[5,4-d][2]benzazepin-2-yl]amino]benzoic acid is a benzazepine.", "MLN8054 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Colon Neoplasm, Breast Neoplasm, Bladder Neoplasm, Pancreatic Neoplasm, and Advanced Malignancies.", "Aurora Kinase Inhibitor MLN8054 is an orally bioavailable, highly selective small molecule inhibitor of the serine/threonine protein kinase Aurora A kinase with potential antineoplastic activity. Auora kinase inhibitor MLN8054 binds to and inhibits Aurora kinase A, resulting in disruption of the assembly of the mitotic spindle apparatus, disruption of chromosome segregation, and inhibition of cell proliferation. Aurora A localizes in mitosis to the spindle poles and to spindle microtubules and is thought to regulate spindle assembly. Aberrant expression of Aurora kinases occurs in a wide variety of cancers, including colon and breast cancers."]], ["PF-03715455", "CC(C)(C)C1=NN(C(=C1)NC(=O)NCC2=CC=CC=C2SC3=CN4C(=NN=C4C5=CC=CC=C5SCCO)C=C3)C6=CC(=C(C=C6)O)Cl", ["PF-03715455 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Asthma, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive, and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)."]], ["[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl] (1R,4S,5R,9S,10R,13S)-13-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-5,9-dimethyl-14-methylidenetetracyclo[11.2.1.01,10.04,9]hexadecane-5-carboxylate", "C[C@@]12CCC[C@@]([C@H]1CC[C@]34[C@H]2CC[C@](C3)(C(=C)C4)O[C@@H]5[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O5)CO)O)O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O)(C)C(=O)O[C@H]7[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O7)CO)O)O)O", ["[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl] (1R,4S,5R,9S,10R,13S)-13-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-5,9-dimethyl-14-methylidenetetracyclo[11.2.1.01,10.04,9]hexadecane-5-carboxylate is a natural product found in Stevia rebaudiana with data available."]], ["copper (I) bromide", "[Cu+].[Br-]", ["Copper(I) bromide is a bromide of copper. Copper is a chemical element with the symbol Cu and atomic number 29. Copper is an essential elements in plants and animals as it is required for the normal functioning of more than 30 enzymes. It occurs naturally throughout the environment in rocks, soil, water, and air. Bromine is a halogen element with the symbol Br and atomic number 35. Diatomic bromine does not occur naturally, but bromine salts can be found in crustal rock. (L625, L277, L278)"]], ["ORG-25935 free base", "CN(C[C@H]1CCC2=C([C@H]1C3=CC=CC=C3)C=CC(=C2)OC)CC(=O)O", ["Org 25935 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Alcoholism, Schizophrenia, and Panic Disorder."]], ["Giripladib", "C1=CC=C(C=C1)C(C2=CC=CC=C2)N3C4=C(C=C(C=C4)Cl)C(=C3CCNS(=O)(=O)CC5=CC=CC=C5C(F)(F)F)CCCC6=CC=C(C=C6)C(=O)O", ["Giripladib is under investigation in clinical trial NCT00396955 (A Study Comparing 4 Dose Regimens of PLA-695, Naproxen, and Placebo In Subjects With Osteoarthritis Of The Knee)."]], ["Pyrrolo(1,2-a)pyrazine-1,4-dione, hexahydro-8a-(2-propenyl)-, (8aR)-", "C=CC[C@@]12CCCN1C(=O)CNC2=O", ["NNZ-2591 (cyclo-L-glycyl-L-2-allylproline) is an investigational synthetic analog of cyclic glycine-proline (cGP), a breakdown product of human insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), that has been chemically modified to increase its half-life, stability, and oral bioavailability. It is currently under development by Neuren Pharmaceuticals for the symptomatic treatment of Angelman, Phelan-McDermid, and Pitt Hopkins Syndromes. It was granted Orphan Drug Designation by the FDA in October 2019 and was granted a patent by the European Patent Office in December 2019. Clinical trials are expected to begin in 2020."]], ["Cep-11981", "CC(C)CN1C2=C(C=C(C=C2)NC3=NC=CC=N3)C4=C1C5=C(C6=CN(N=C6CC5)C)C7=C4CNC7=O", ["Pan-VEGFR/TIE2 Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor CEP-11981 is an orally bioavailable inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) and Tie2 receptor tyrosine kinases with potential antiangiogenic and antineoplastic activities. Pan-VEGFR/Tie2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor CEP-11981 selectively binds to VEGFR and Tie2 receptor tyrosine kinases, which may result in the inhibition of endothelial cell migration, proliferation and survival and the inhibition of tumor cell proliferation and tumor cell death. VEGFR and Tie2 are frequently overexpressed by a variety of tumor cell types and play crucial roles in the regulation of angiogenesis and the maintenance of tumor blood vessels. Tie2 (tyrosine kinase with immunoglobulin-like and EGF-like domains) is activated by angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1)."]], ["7-Ethyl-10-(4-amino-1-piperidino)carbonyloxycamptothecin", "CCC1=C2CN3C(=CC4=C(C3=O)COC(=O)[C@@]4(CC)O)C2=NC5=C1C=C(C=C5)OC(=O)N6CCC(CC6)N", ["NPC is a pyranoindolizinoquinoline."]], ["(2R,3S)-epoxiconazole", "C1=CC=C(C(=C1)[C@H]2[C@](O2)(CN3C=NC=N3)C4=CC=C(C=C4)F)Cl", ["(2R,3S)-epoxiconazole is the (2R,3S)-stereoisomer of 1-{[3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(4-fluorophenyl)oxiran-2-yl]methyl}-1H-1,2,4-triazole. It is an enantiomer of a (2S,3R)-epoxiconazole."]], ["(+)-Pantothenic acid, calcium salt", "CC(C)(CO)[C@H](C(=O)NCCC(=O)O)O.[Ca+2]", ["Calcium Pantothenate is the calcium salt of the water-soluble vitamin B5, ubiquitously found in plants and animal tissues with antioxidant property. Pentothenate is a component of coenzyme A (CoA) and a part of the vitamin B2 complex. Vitamin B5 is a growth factor and is essential for various metabolic functions, including the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fatty acids. This vitamin is also involved in the synthesis of cholesterol, lipids, neurotransmitters, steroid hormones, and hemoglobin.", "A butyryl-beta-alanine that can also be viewed as pantoic acid complexed with BETA ALANINE. It is incorporated into COENZYME A and protects cells against peroxidative damage by increasing the level of GLUTATHIONE."]], ["(2S,3R)-5-[3-(tert-butylamino)-2-hydroxypropoxy]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,3-diol", "CC(C)(C)NCC(COC1=CC=CC2=C1C[C@H]([C@H](C2)O)O)O", ["A non-selective beta-adrenergic antagonist with a long half-life, used in cardiovascular disease to treat arrhythmias, angina pectoris, and hypertension. Nadolol is also used for MIGRAINE DISORDERS and for tremor."]], ["Segesterone", "CC(=O)[C@]1(C(=C)C[C@@H]2[C@@]1(CC[C@H]3[C@H]2CCC4=CC(=O)CC[C@H]34)C)O", ["Segesterone is a Progestin."]], ["SureCN1650232", "CCC1=CC2C[C@@](C3=C(CCN(C2)C1)C4=CC=CC=C4N3)(C5=C(C=C6C(=C5)[C@]78CCN9C7[C@@](C=CC9)([C@H]([C@@]([C@@H]8N6C)(C(=O)OC)O)OC(=O)C)CC)OC)C(=O)OC", ["Anhydrovinblastine is a semisynthetic derivative of the vinca alkaloid vinblastine, with potential antineoplastic activity. Like vinblastine, anhydrovinblastine targets and binds to tubulin and inhibits microtubule formation, resulting in disruption of mitotic spindle assembly and causing tumor cell cycle arrest in the M phase."]], ["Velusetrag", "CC(C)N1C2=CC=CC=C2C=C(C1=O)C(=O)NC3C[C@H]4CC[C@@H](C3)N4C[C@H](CN(C)S(=O)(=O)C)O", ["Velusetrag has been used in trials studying the treatment of Gastroparesis and Alzheimer's Disease. It is a highly selective serotonin receptor agonist effective in patients with chronic constipation. It is being developed by Theravance. Velusetrag was discovered by Theravance through the application of its multivalent drug design in a research program dedicated to finding new treatments for GI motility disorders."]], ["1-(3-amino-2-methylbenzyl)-4-(2-(thiophen-2-yl)ethoxy)pyridin-2(1H)-one", "CC1=C(C=CC=C1N)CN2C=CC(=CC2=O)OCCC3=CC=CS3", ["CG400549 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Skin Infection."]], ["Cebranopadol", "CN(C)C1(CCC2(CC1)C3=C(CCO2)C4=C(N3)C=CC(=C4)F)C5=CC=CC=C5", ["Cebranopadol has been used in trials studying the treatment of Pain, Neoplasms, and Chronic Pain.", "Cebranopadol is an orally available benzenoid that acts as an opioid peptide receptor agonist for the nociceptin/orphanin FQ peptide receptor (opioid receptor like -1; OPRL1; ORL-1; NOP; kappa-type 3 opioid receptor) and the classical opioid receptors, mu, delta and kappa, with potential anti-nociceptive activity. Upon oral administration, cebranopadol binds to NOP and the mu, delta and kappa opioid receptors, which enhances NOP- and opioid receptor-mediated signaling, interferes with the sensation of pain and results in an analgesic effect. NOP, a member of the opioid receptor family, and its endogenous ligand nociceptin play key roles in the regulation of various brain activities including pain, and some inflammatory and immune responses."]], ["Narlaprevir", "CCCC[C@@H](C(=O)C(=O)NC1CC1)NC(=O)[C@@H]2[C@@H]3[C@@H](C3(C)C)CN2C(=O)[C@H](C(C)(C)C)NC(=O)NC4(CCCCC4)CS(=O)(=O)C(C)(C)C", ["Narlaprevir is an azabicyclohexane that is (1R,5S)-6,6-dimethyl-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane substituted by [(3S)-1-(cyclopropylamino)-1,2-dioxoheptan-3-yl]aminoacyl and N-({1-[(tert-butylsulfonyl)methyl]cyclohexyl}carbamoyl)-3-methyl-L-valyl groups at positions 2S and 3, respectively. It is a hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS3/4A serine protease inhibitor (Ki = 6 nM) that is used for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C. It has a role as a hepatitis C protease inhibitor, an antiviral drug, an EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor and an anticoronaviral agent. It is a sulfone, a member of ureas, a tertiary carboxamide, an azabicyclohexane, a pyrrolidinecarboxamide, a secondary carboxamide and a member of cyclopropanes."]], ["Empagliflozin", "C1COC[C@H]1OC2=CC=C(C=C2)CC3=C(C=CC(=C3)[C@H]4[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O4)CO)O)O)O)Cl", ["Empagliflozin is a C-glycosyl compound consisting of a beta-glucosyl residue having a (4-chloro-3-{4-[(3S)-tetrahydrofuran-3-yloxy]benzyl}phenyl group at the anomeric centre. A sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor used as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. It has a role as a sodium-glucose transport protein subtype 2 inhibitor and a hypoglycemic agent. It is a C-glycosyl compound, an aromatic ether, a tetrahydrofuryl ether and a member of monochlorobenzenes.", "Empagliflozin is an inhibitor of sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2), the transporters primarily responsible for the reabsorption of glucose in the kidney. It is used clinically as an adjunct to diet and exercise, often in combination with other drug therapies, for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus.  The first known inhibitor of SGLTs, phlorizin, was isolated from the bark of apple trees in 1835 and researched extensively into the 20th century, but was ultimately deemed inappropriate for clinical use given its lack of specificity and significant gastrointestinal side effects. Attempts at overcoming these limitations first saw the development of O-glucoside analogs of phlorizin (e.g. [remogliflozin etabonate]), but these molecules proved relatively pharmacokinetically unstable. The development of C-glucoside phlorizin analogs remedied the issues observed in the previous generation, and led to the FDA approval of [canagliflozin] in 2013 and both [dapagliflozin] and empagliflozin in 2014. As the most recently approved of the \"flozin\" drugs, empagliflozin carries the highest selectivity for SGLT2 over SGLT1 (approximately 2700-fold). Empagliflozin was further approved by the EMA in March 2022 and Health Canada in April 2022, making it the first and only approved treatment in Europe and Canada for adults with symptomatic chronic heart failure regardless of ejection fraction.", "Empagliflozin is a Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitor. The mechanism of action of empagliflozin is as a Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitor.", "Empagliflozin is an orally available competitive inhibitor of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2; SLC5A2) with antihyperglycemic activity. Upon oral administration, empagliflozin selectively and potently inhibits SGLT2 in the kidneys, thereby suppressing the reabsorption of glucose in the proximal tubule. Inhibition of SGLT2 increases urinary glucose excretion by the kidneys, resulting in a reduction of plasma glucose levels in an insulin-independent manner. Inhibition of SGLT2 in the kidneys also suppresses the renal reabsorption of 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5AG). This lowers serum 1,5AG and neutrophil 1,5-anhydroglucitol-6-phosphate (1,5AG6P) levels, which may improve neutropenia and neutrophil dysfunction in patients with glycogen storage disease type Ib (GSD Ib). SGLT2, a transport protein exclusively expressed in the proximal renal tubules, mediates approximately 90% of renal glucose reabsorption from tubular fluid."]], ["Teneligliptin", "CC1=NN(C(=C1)N2CCN(CC2)[C@H]3C[C@H](NC3)C(=O)N4CCSC4)C5=CC=CC=C5", ["Teneligliptin is an amino acid amide.", "Teneligliptin has been investigated for the treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.", "Teneligliptin is a long-acting, orally bioavailable, pyrrolidine-based inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4), with hypoglycemic activity. Teneligliptin may also reduce plasma triglyceride levels through a sustained increase in GLP-1 levels."]], ["2-(3-(4-((1H-indazol-5-yl)amino)quinazolin-2-yl)phenoxy)-N-isopropylacetamide", "CC(C)NC(=O)COC1=CC=CC(=C1)C2=NC3=CC=CC=C3C(=N2)NC4=CC5=C(C=C4)NN=C5", ["Belumosudil is used in the treatment of chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and has been investigated for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension. It is an inhibitor of rho-associated coiled-coil-containing protein kinases (ROCK), with significantly more selectivity for ROCK2 as compared to ROCK1 (IC50 100 nM vs. 3 \u03bcM, respectively). In the treatment of GVHD, a condition in which donor T-cells begin to attack recipient tissues following allogeneic hematopoeitic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), belumosudil helps to resolve immune dysregulation by shifting the balance between Th17 cells and T-regulatory cells, thereby dampening the inflammatory cascade that can occasionally be fatal.  Belumosudil was first approved by the FDA in July 2021, under the brand name Rezurock, for the treatment of chronic GVHD in patients who have tried and failed at least two prior lines of systemic therapy. In July 2022, Belumosudil was approved by Health Canada under the brand name RHOLISTIQ to treat the same condition in adult and pediatric patients 12 years or older.", "Belumosudil is an orally bioavailable inhibitor of Rho-associated coiled-coil kinase 2 (ROCK2; ROCK-II), with potential immunomodulating activity. Upon oral administration, belumosudil binds to and inhibits the serine/threonine kinase activity of ROCK2. This inhibits ROCK2-mediated signal transduction pathways and modulates various pro- and anti-inflammatory immune cell responses through the regulation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 and 5 (STAT3/STAT5) phosphorylation. This downregulates pro-inflammatory Th17 cells and increases regulatory T (Treg) cells. Belumosudil also inhibits ROCK2-mediated fibrotic processes, including stress fiber formation, myofibroblast activation and pro-fibrotic gene transcription. ROCK2 is upregulated in various diseases, including various fibrotic, neurodegenerative and autoimmune diseases."]], ["MK-0773", "C[C@]12CC[C@H]3[C@H]([C@@H]1CC[C@@H]2C(=O)NCC4=NC5=C(N4)C=CC=N5)CC[C@@H]6[C@@]3(C=C(C(=O)N6C)F)C", ["MK-0773 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT00529659 (A Study of the Safety and Efficacy of MK-0773 in Women With Sarcopenia (Loss of Muscle Mass)(mk-0773-005))."]], ["Unii-16720ver1H", "CN1CCCCCOC2=C(C=C3C(=C2)C(=NC=N3)NC4=C(C1)C=CC(=C4)Br)OC", ["Multitargeted Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor JNJ-26483327 is an orally bioavailable, small-molecule, multitargeted reversible tyrosine kinase inhibitor with potential antineoplastic activity. Multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor JNJ-26483327 binds to and inhibits several members of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family, including EGFR, HER2 and HER4; Src family kinases (Lyn, Yes, Fyn, Lck and Src); and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor type 3 (VEGFR3). By inhibiting several different signaling molecules that play crucial roles at various stages in tumorigenesis, this agent may inhibit tumor growth, invasion, migration and metastasis. In addition, JNJ-26483327 crosses the blood-brain barrier (BBB)."]], ["Gemigliptin", "C1CC(CN(C1=O)C[C@H](CC(=O)N2CCC3=C(C2)N=C(N=C3C(F)(F)F)C(F)(F)F)N)(F)F", ["Gemigliptin is an organonitrogen compound and an organooxygen compound. It is functionally related to a beta-amino acid.", "Gemigliptin is under investigation in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Gemigliptin has been investigated for the treatment of Cancer and Cisplatin Adverse Reaction.", "Gemigliptin is an orally bioavailable inhibitor of the serine protease dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4), with hypoglycemic and potential renoprotective activities. Upon administration, gemigliptin binds to DPP-4 and inhibits the breakdown of the incretin hormones, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP). This prolongs incretin activity, increases postprandial insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells, decreases glucagon secretion, delays gastric emptying and lowers blood glucose levels. In addition, gemigliptin exerts a renoprotective effect, probably through enhanced GLP-1 signaling, may prevent apoptosis and acute kidney injury induced by nephrotoxic agents, and may protect against diabetic nephropathy."]], ["Acetamide, 2,2',2'',2'''-(pentacyclo(19.3.1.13,7.19,13.115,19)octacosa-1(25),3,5,7(28),9,11,13(27),15,17,19(26),21,23-dodecaene-25,26,27,28-tetrayltetrakis(oxy))tetrakis(N-(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)-", "CN(C)CCNC(=O)COC1=C2CC3=C(C(=CC=C3)CC4=C(C(=CC=C4)CC5=CC=CC(=C5OCC(=O)NCCN(C)C)CC1=CC=C2)OCC(=O)NCCN(C)C)OCC(=O)NCCN(C)C", ["OTX008 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Solid Tumors.", "Galectin-1 Inhibitor OTX008 is a calixarene-based compound and galectin-1 (Gal-1) inhibitor with potential anti-angiogenic and antineoplastic activities. Upon subcutaneous administration, galectin-1 inhibitor OTX008 binds Gal-1 which leads to Gal-1 oxidation and proteasomal degradation, through an as of yet not fully elucidated mechanism, and eventually downregulation of Gal-1. This decreases tumor cell growth and inhibits angiogenesis. Gal-1, a multifunctional carbohydrate-binding protein, is often overexpressed on tumor cells and plays a key role in cancer cell proliferation, apoptosis, tumor angiogenesis and evasion of immune responses."]], ["L-Octanoylcarnitine", "CCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](CC(=O)[O-])C[N+](C)(C)C", ["O-octanoyl-L-carnitine is the L-enantiomer of an O-octanoylcarnitine. It has a role as a human metabolite. It is an O-octanoylcarnitine and a saturated fatty acyl-L-carnitine. It is an enantiomer of an O-octanoyl-D-carnitine.", "L-Octanoylcarnitine is a natural product found in Euglena gracilis and Homo sapiens with data available."]], ["O-Decanoyl-L-carnitine", "CCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](CC(=O)[O-])C[N+](C)(C)C", ["O-decanoyl-L-carnitine is an O-acyl-L-carnitine that is L-carnitine having decanoyl as the acyl substituent. It has a role as a human metabolite. It is an O-decanoylcarnitine and a saturated fatty acyl-L-carnitine.", "O-Decanoyl-L-carnitine is a natural product found in Apis cerana with data available."]], ["Voacamine", "CC[C@H]1C[C@H]2C[C@@]3([C@H]1N(C2)CCC4=C3NC5=CC(=C(C=C45)OC)[C@H]6C[C@@H]\\7C([C@@H](CC8=C6NC9=CC=CC=C89)N(C/C7=C/C)C)C(=O)OC)C(=O)OC", ["Voacamine is a citraconoyl group.", "Voacamine is an alkaloid isolated from the bark of the Pescheria fuchsiae folia tree. It is an antimalarial drug approved for use in several African countries. Voacamine is also under investigation for use in modulating multidrug-resistance in tumor cells.", "Voacamine is a natural product found in Voacanga schweinfurthii, Voacanga africana, and other organisms with data available."]], ["CID 11954226", "C[C@H]1/C=C/C=C/2\\CO[C@H]3[C@@]2([C@@H](C=C([C@H]3O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]4C[C@@H](C/C=C(/[C@H]1O[C@H]5C[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O5)C)O[C@H]6CC([C@H]([C@@H](O6)C)O)OC)OC)\\C)O[C@]7(C4)C=C[C@@H]([C@H](O7)C8CCCCC8)C)O", ["Doramectin is a macrolide."]], ["Technetium tc 99m exametazime", "C[C@H](/C(=N/O)/C)[N-]CC(C)(C)C[N-][C@H](C)/C(=N/[O-])/C.O=[99Tc+3]", ["Technetium Tc-99m exametazime is a radiopharmaceutical sold under the trade name Ceretec used in the detection of altered regional cerebral perfusion in stroke and other cerebrovascular diseases. It can also be used for the labelling of leukocytes to localise intra-abdominal infections and inflammatory bowel disease. Exametazime, also known as hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime or HMPAO, acts as a chelating agent for the Tc-99m radioisotope.", "Technetium tc-99m exametazime is a Radioactive Diagnostic Agent. The mechanism of action of technetium tc-99m exametazime is as a Radiopharmaceutical Activity.", "A gamma-emitting RADIONUCLIDE IMAGING agent used in the evaluation of regional cerebral blood flow and in non-invasive dynamic biodistribution studies and MYOCARDIAL PERFUSION IMAGING. It has also been used to label leukocytes in the investigation of INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES."]], ["Emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate", "C[C@H](CN1C=NC2=C(N=CN=C21)N)OCP(=O)(OCOC(=O)OC(C)C)OCOC(=O)OC(C)C.C1[C@H](O[C@H](S1)CO)N2C=C(C(=NC2=O)N)F.C(=C/C(=O)O)\\C(=O)O", ["A pharmaceutical preparation of emtricitabine and tenofovir that is used as an ANTI-HIV AGENT in the treatment and prevention of HIV INFECTIONS."]], ["Thiethylperazine malate", "CCSC1=CC2=C(C=C1)SC3=CC=CC=C3N2CCCN4CCN(CC4)C.C(C(C(=O)O)O)C(=O)O.C(C(C(=O)O)O)C(=O)O", ["A dopamine antagonist that is particularly useful in treating the nausea and vomiting associated with anesthesia, mildly emetic cancer chemotherapy agents, radiation therapy, and toxins. This piperazine phenothiazine does not prevent vertigo or motion sickness. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p457)"]], ["Thiothixene dihydrochloride dihydrate", "CN1CCN(CC1)CC/C=C\\2/C3=CC=CC=C3SC4=C2C=C(C=C4)S(=O)(=O)N(C)C.O.O.Cl.Cl", ["Thiothixene Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of thiothixene, a thioxanthene derivative and a dopamine antagonist with antipsychotic property. Thiothixene blocks postsynaptic dopamine receptors in the mesolimbic system and medullary chemoreceptor trigger zone, thereby decreasing dopamine activity leading to decreased stimulation of the vomiting center and psychotic effects, such as hallucinations and delusions. In addition, this agent blocks the D2 somatodendritic autoreceptor, thereby increasing dopamine turnover. Thiothixene possesses weak affinity for the histamine H1 and alpha-adrenergic receptors."]], ["Asenapine (as maleate)", "CN1CC2C(C1)C3=C(C=CC(=C3)Cl)OC4=CC=CC=C24.C(=C\\C(=O)O)\\C(=O)O", ["Developed by Schering-Plough after its merger with Organon International, asenapine is a sublingually administered, atypical antipsychotic for treatment of schizophrenia and acute mania associated with bipolar disorder. Asenapine also belongs to the dibenzo-oxepino pyrrole class. It is also for severe post-traumatic stress disorder nightmares in soldiers as an off-label use. FDA approved on August 13, 2009."]], ["Diflucortolone", "C[C@@H]1C[C@H]2[C@@H]3C[C@@H](C4=CC(=O)C=C[C@@]4([C@]3([C@H](C[C@@]2([C@H]1C(=O)CO)C)O)F)C)F", ["Diflucortolone is a 21-hydroxy steroid.", "Difluocortolone is a potent topical corticosteroid. It is commonly used in dermatology for the reduction of inflammation and itching. It was submitted to the FDA in July 1984 by the pharmaceutical company Schering AG.", "A topical glucocorticoid used in various DERMATOSES. It is absorbed through the skin, bound to plasma albumin, and may cause adrenal suppression. It is also administered as the valerate."]], ["Peramivir trihydrate", "CCC(CC)[C@@H]([C@H]1[C@@H](C[C@@H]([C@H]1O)C(=O)O)N=C(N)N)NC(=O)C.O.O.O", ["Peramivir is a Neuraminidase Inhibitor. The mechanism of action of peramivir is as a Neuraminidase Inhibitor.", "Peramivir is an inhibitor of the influenza neuraminidase enzyme and is used as therapy of acute symptomatic influenza A and B. Peramivir has not been associated with serum enzyme elevations during therapy or with clinically apparent liver injury.", "Peramivir is a cyclopentane derivative with activity against influenza A and B viruses. Peramivir is a neuraminidase inhibitor which prevents normal processing of virus particles such that virus particles are not released from infected cells."]], ["Sodium iodide I 123", "[Na+].[123I-]", ["Sodium Iodide I-123 is a radiopharmaceutical containing the radioisotope I-123 with diagnostic property. After absorption, the iodide is distributed through the extracellular fluid of the body and accumulates in the thyroid gland, thereby allowing measurement of thyroid function."]], ["Esomeprazole strontium", "CC1=CN=C(C(=C1OC)C)C[S@](=O)C2=NC3=C([N-]2)C=CC(=C3)OC.CC1=CN=C(C(=C1OC)C)C[S@](=O)C2=NC3=C([N-]2)C=CC(=C3)OC.[Sr+2]", ["The S-isomer of omeprazole."]], ["Onalespib", "CC(C)C1=CC(=C(C=C1O)O)C(=O)N2CC3=C(C2)C=C(C=C3)CN4CCN(CC4)C", ["Onalespib is a member of the class of isoindoles that is isoindole in which the amino group has been acylated by a 2,4-dihydroxy-5-isopropylbenzoyl group and in which position 5 of the isoidole moiety has been substituted by a (4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl group. A second-generation Hsp90 inhibitor. It has a role as a Hsp90 inhibitor and an antineoplastic agent. It is a member of resorcinols, a member of benzamides, a tertiary carboxamide, a member of isoindoles and a N-alkylpiperazine.", "Onalespib is a synthetic, orally bioavailable, small-molecule inhibitor of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) with potential antineoplastic activity. Onalespib selectively binds to Hsp90, thereby inhibiting its chaperone function and promoting the degradation of oncogenic signaling proteins involved in tumor cell proliferation and survival. Hsp90, a chaperone protein upregulated in a variety of tumor cells, regulates the folding, stability and degradation of many oncogenic signaling proteins."]], ["Rabusertib", "CC1=CC(=C(C=C1Br)NC(=O)NC2=NC=C(N=C2)C)OC[C@@H]3CNCCO3", ["1-[5-bromo-4-methyl-2-[[(2S)-2-morpholinyl]methoxy]phenyl]-3-(5-methyl-2-pyrazinyl)urea is a member of ureas.", "Rabusertib has been used in trials studying the treatment of Cancer, Solid Tumors, Advanced Cancer, Pancreatic Neoplasms, and Non Small Cell Lung Cancer.", "Rabusertib is an inhibitor of the cell cycle checkpoint kinase 2 (chk2) with potential chemopotentiating activity. Rabusertib binds to and inhibits the activity of chk2, which may prevent the repair of DNA caused by DNA-damaging agents, thus potentiating the antitumor efficacies of various chemotherapeutic agents. Chk2, an ATP-dependent serine-threonine kinase, is a key component in the DNA replication-monitoring checkpoint system and is activated by double-stranded breaks (DSBs); activated chk2 is overexpressed by a variety of cancer cell types."]], ["Pregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione, 9-chloro-11,17,21-trihydroxy-16-methyl-, (11beta,16beta)-", "C[C@H]1CC2C3CCC4=CC(=O)C=C[C@@]4([C@]3([C@H](C[C@@]2([C@]1(C(=O)CO)O)C)O)Cl)C", ["Beclomethasone is a synthetic glucocorticoid with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating properties.  After cell surface receptor attachment and cell entry, beclomethasone enters the nucleus where it binds to and activates specific nuclear receptors, resulting in an altered gene expression and inhibition of proinflammatory cytokine production.", "An anti-inflammatory, synthetic glucocorticoid. It is used topically as an anti-inflammatory agent and in aerosol form for the treatment of ASTHMA."]], ["CID 11957491", "CN1C(=NC(=O)C(=N1)[O-])SCC2=C(N3C([C@@H](C3=O)NC(=O)/C(=N\\OC)/C4=CSC(=N4)N)SC2)C(=O)[O-].[Na+].[Na+]", ["Ceftriaxone Sodium is the sodium salt form of ceftriaxone, a beta-lactam, third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with bactericidal activity. Ceftriaxone binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBP) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall. PBPs participate in the terminal stages of assembling the bacterial cell wall, and in reshaping the cell wall during cell division. Inactivation of PBPs interferes with the cross-linkage of peptidoglycan chains necessary for bacterial cell wall strength and rigidity. This results in the weakening of the bacterial cell wall and causes cell lysis. Compared to the second and first generation cephalosporins, ceftriaxone is more active against gram-negative bacteria and less active against gram-positive bacteria. Ceftriaxone also crosses the blood-brain barrier and reaches therapeutic concentrations in the central nervous system (CNS).", "A broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic and cefotaxime derivative with a very long half-life and high penetrability to meninges, eyes and inner ears."]], ["Iobenguane sulfate", "C1=CC(=CC(=C1)I)CN=C(N)N.C1=CC(=CC(=C1)I)CN=C(N)N.OS(=O)(=O)O", ["A guanidine analog with specific affinity for tissues of the sympathetic nervous system and related tumors. The radiolabeled forms are used as antineoplastic agents and radioactive imaging agents. (Merck Index, 12th ed) MIBG serves as a neuron-blocking agent which has a strong affinity for, and retention in, the adrenal medulla and also inhibits ADP-ribosyltransferase."]], ["(-)-Scopolamine,n-Butyl-, bromide", "CCCC[N+]1(C2CC(CC1C3C2O3)OC(=O)[C@H](CO)C4=CC=CC=C4)C.[Br-]", ["Butylscopolamine Bromide is an orally available bromide salt form of butylscopolamine, a quaternary ammonium derivative of the alkaloid scopolamine, with anticholinergic property. Upon oral administration, hyoscine butylbromide binds to and blocks muscarinic receptors located on postganglionic parasympathetic nerve endings and on smooth muscle cells. This blocks the activity of acetylcholine (Ach) and causes its antispasmodic effect in the gastrointestinal (GI), urinary, uterine, and biliary tracts. This agent may also facilitate radiologic visualization of the GI tract."]], ["SKF-5019 hydrochloride", "CN1CCN(CC1)CC/C=C\\2/C3=CC=CC=C3SC4=C2C=C(C=C4)S(=O)(=O)N(C)C.Cl", ["Thiothixene Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of thiothixene, a thioxanthene derivative and a dopamine antagonist with antipsychotic property. Thiothixene blocks postsynaptic dopamine receptors in the mesolimbic system and medullary chemoreceptor trigger zone, thereby decreasing dopamine activity leading to decreased stimulation of the vomiting center and psychotic effects, such as hallucinations and delusions. In addition, this agent blocks the D2 somatodendritic autoreceptor, thereby increasing dopamine turnover. Thiothixene possesses weak affinity for the histamine H1 and alpha-adrenergic receptors."]], ["Procysbi", "C(CS)N.[C@@H]([C@H](C(=O)O)O)(C(=O)O)O", ["Cysteamine Bitartrate is an aminothiol salt used in the treatment of nephropathic cystinosis. Cysteamine bitartrate enters the cell and reacts with cystine producing cysteine and cysteine-cysteamine mixed disulfide compound, both of which, unlike cystine, can pass through the lysosomal membrane. This prevents the accumulation of cystine crystals in the lysosomes of patients with cystinosis, which can cause considerable damage and eventual destruction of the cells, particularly in the kidneys. (NCI05)"]], ["1-Piperidinecarboxylic acid, 4-((4-((((2-(1-methylethyl)-1H-benzimidazol-7-yl)carbonyl)amino)methyl)-1-piperidinyl)methyl)-, methyl ester", "CC(C)C1=NC2=C(C=CC=C2N1)C(=O)NCC3CCN(CC3)CC4CCN(CC4)C(=O)OC", ["Felcisetrag (TD-8954) has been used in trials studying the treatment of Enteral Feeding Intolerance and Gastrointestinal Motility Disorder.", "Felcisetrag is a serotonin (5-HT) type 4 receptor agonist with potential gastrointestinal (GI) prokinetic activity. Upon administration, felcisetrag targets and binds to 5-HT4, thereby enhancing its activity. This may enhance GI motility, decrease GI tract and colonic transit time and improve constipation."]], ["Abediterol", "C1=CC=C(C=C1)C(COCCCCCCNC[C@@H](C2=C3C=CC(=O)NC3=C(C=C2)O)O)(F)F", ["Abediterol is a quinolone that is 8-hydroxyquinolin-2(1H)-one which carries a 2-{[6-(2,2-difluoro-2-phenylethoxy)hexyl]amino}-1-hydroxyethyl group at position 5. It is a long acting beta2-adrenoceptor agonist currently in development for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. It has a role as a beta-adrenergic agonist. It is a quinolone, a secondary alcohol, a monohydroxyquinoline, a secondary amino compound, an ether and an organofluorine compound.", "Abediterol has been used in trials studying the treatment of Asthma, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and Asthma."]], ["Nitroprusside (disodium dihydrate)", "[C-]#N.[C-]#N.[C-]#N.[C-]#N.[C-]#N.[N-]=O.[Na+].[Na+].[Fe+4]", ["Sodium nitroprusside is an organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of nitroprusside. It has a role as a nitric oxide donor and a vasodilator agent. It contains a nitroprusside.", "Sodium nitroprusside is a chemical compound of sodium and cyanide. It is used as a vasodilator. (L105)"]], ["Tetrapotassium ferrocyanide", "[C-]#N.[C-]#N.[C-]#N.[C-]#N.[C-]#N.[C-]#N.[K+].[K+].[K+].[K+].[Fe+6]", ["Potassium ferrocyanide is a coordination compound of potassium, iron, and cyanide. It is used in gardening as a nitrogen supplement and in industry for metal extraction and the production of adhesives, computer electronics, fire retardants, cosmetics, dyes, nylon, paints, inks, plexiglass, pharmaceuticals, and rocket propellant. (L560)"]], ["Nitroferricyanide", "[C-]#N.[C-]#N.[C-]#N.[C-]#N.[C-]#N.[N-]=O.[Fe+4]", ["Nitroprusside is an iron coordination entity.", "Nitroprusside serves as a source of nitric oxide, a potent peripheral vasodilator that affects both arterioles and venules (venules more than arterioles). Nitroprusside is often administered intravenously to patients who are experiencing a hypertensive emergency.", "A powerful vasodilator used in emergencies to lower blood pressure or to improve cardiac function. It is also an indicator for free sulfhydryl groups in proteins."]], ["11c-Omar", "[11CH3]OC1=CC=C(C=C1)C2=C(C(=NN2C3=C(C=C(C=C3)Cl)Cl)C(=O)NN4CCCCC4)C#N", ["JHU-75528 C-11 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03204305 (Brain Imaging of Cannabinoid Receptors)."]], ["(2S)-2-[17-(Cyclopropylmethyl)-4,5a-epoxy-3-hydroxy-6-methoxy-6a,14-ethano-14a-morphinan-7a-yl]-3,3-dimethylbutan-2-ol hydrochloride", "C[C@]([C@H]1C[C@@]23CCC1([C@H]4[C@@]25CCN([C@@H]3CC6=C5C(=C(C=C6)O)O4)CC7CC7)OC)(C(C)(C)C)O.Cl", ["Buprenorphine Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of buprenorphine, a synthetic phenanthrene with narcotic analgesic activity. Buprenorphine hydrochloride is a partial agonist at the mu-opioid receptor and an antagonist at the kapa-opioid receptor in the central nervous system. However, under the conditions of recommended use it behaves as a classic mu-opioid agonist, mimicking the actions of endogenous peptides at CNS opioid receptors. The agonist action results in a raised pain threshold and increased tolerance to pain.  However, it also causes sedation, physical dependence, and respiratory depressant effects and decreases heart rate and blood pressure.", "A derivative of the opioid alkaloid THEBAINE that is a more potent and longer lasting analgesic than MORPHINE. It appears to act as a partial agonist at mu and kappa opioid receptors and as an antagonist at delta receptors. The lack of delta-agonist activity has been suggested to account for the observation that buprenorphine tolerance may not develop with chronic use."]], ["(19S)-8-[(Dimethylamino)methyl]-19-ethyl-7,19-dihydroxy-17-oxa-13-aza-3-azoniapentacyclo[11.8.0.02,11.04,9.015,20]henicosa-1(21),2,4(9),5,7,10,15(20)-heptaene-14,18-dione;chloride", "CC[C@@]1(C2=C(COC1=O)C(=O)N3CC4=CC5=C(C=CC(=C5CN(C)C)O)[NH+]=C4C3=C2)O.[Cl-]", ["An antineoplastic agent used to treat ovarian cancer. It works by inhibiting DNA TOPOISOMERASES, TYPE I."]], ["4-Chloro-3-(5-methyl-3-((4-(2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)ethoxy)phenyl)amino)benzo[e][1,2,4]triazin-7-yl)phenyl benzoate", "CC1=CC(=CC2=C1N=C(N=N2)NC3=CC=C(C=C3)OCCN4CCCC4)C5=C(C=CC(=C5)OC(=O)C6=CC=CC=C6)Cl", ["TG100801 is a topically applied kinase inhibitor in macular degeneration patients. It is administered noninvasively as an eye drop and is designed to suppress VEGF mediated leakage and additional kinase targets associated with inflammation, edema, and angiogenesis which are the pathological hallmarks of AMD and other back of the eye diseases including diabetic macular edema and proliferative diabetic retinopathy."]], ["Dactolisib", "CC(C)(C#N)C1=CC=C(C=C1)N2C3=C4C=C(C=CC4=NC=C3N(C2=O)C)C5=CC6=CC=CC=C6N=C5", ["Dactolisib is an imidazoquinoline that is 3-methyl-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinoline substituted at position 1 by a 4-(1-cyanoisopropyl)phenyl group and at position 8 by a quinolin-3-yl group. A dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor used in cancer treatment. It has a role as an EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor, a mTOR inhibitor and an antineoplastic agent. It is an imidazoquinoline, a nitrile, a member of quinolines, a ring assembly and a member of ureas.", "Dactolisib has been used in trials studying the treatment of Cancer, Solid Tumor, Renal Cancer, Breast Cancer, and Cowden Syndrome, among others.", "Dactolisib is an orally bioavailable imidazoquinoline targeting the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K) and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), with potential antineoplastic activity. Dactolisib inhibits PI3K kinase and mTOR kinase in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR kinase signaling pathway, which may result in tumor cell apoptosis and growth inhibition in PI3K/mTOR-overexpressing tumor cells. Activation of the PI3K/mTOR pathway promotes cell growth, survival, and resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy; mTOR, a serine/threonine kinase downstream of PI3K, may also be activated independent of PI3K."]], ["BGT-226 free base", "CN1C2=CN=C3C=CC(=CC3=C2N(C1=O)C4=CC(=C(C=C4)N5CCNCC5)C(F)(F)F)C6=CN=C(C=C6)OC", ["BGT226 free base is an imidazoquinoline that is 3-methyl-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinoline substituted at position 1 by a 3-trifluoromethyl-4-(piperazin-1-yl)phenyl group and at position 8 by a 6-methoxypyridin-3-yl group. A dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent, a mTOR inhibitor and an EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor. It is an imidazoquinoline, a N-arylpiperazine, a member of pyridines, an organofluorine compound and an aromatic ether. It is a conjugate base of a BGT226(1+)."]], ["Podophyllin", "COC1=CC(=CC(=C1OC)OC)C2C3C(COC3=O)C(C4=CC5=C(C=C24)OCO5)O.COC1=CC(=CC(=C1OC)OC)C2C3C(COC3=O)C(C4=CC5=C(C=C24)OCO5)O.COC1=CC(=CC(=C1OC)OC)C2C(C(C(C3=CC4=C(C=C23)OCO4)O)CO)C(=O)O.COC1=CC(=CC(=C1OC)OC)C2C(C(C(C3=CC4=C(C=C23)OCO4)O)CO)C(=O)O", ["Podophyllin is a resin extracted from the roots of Podophyllum peltatum (American mandrake) and Podophyllum emodi, which contains numerous compounds, amongst which is podophyllin (as well as the drug [podophyllotoxin]). Podophyllin is the principal active component. Podophyllin arrests mitosis in metaphase.", "Caustic extract from the roots of Podophyllum peltatum and P. emodi. It contains PODOPHYLLOTOXIN and its congeners and is very irritating to mucous membranes and skin. Podophyllin is a violent purgative that may cause CNS damage and teratogenesis. It is used as a paint for warts, skin neoplasms, and senile keratoses."]], ["Pristinamycin", "CCC1C(=O)N2CCCC2C(=O)N(C(C(=O)N3CCC(=O)CC3C(=O)NC(C(=O)OC(C(C(=O)N1)NC(=O)C4=C(C=CC=N4)O)C)C5=CC=CC=C5)CC6=CC=CC=C6)C.CC1/C=C\\C(=O)NC/C=C\\C(=C/C(CC(=O)CC2=NC(=CO2)C(=O)N3CCC=C3C(=O)OC1C(C)C)O)\\C", ["Virginiamycin is a class of streptogramin-related depsipeptides isolated from the bacterium Streptomyces virginiae and other Streptomyces bacterial species.  The virginiamycins consist of two major components, virginiamycin M1 and virginiamycin S1.  These agents bind to and inhibit ribosome assembly, thereby preventing protein synthesis.  Active against Gram-positive bacteria, these antibiotics are primarily used in veterinary practice. (NCI04)", "An antibiotic mixture originally isolated from Streptomyces pristinaspiralis. It is a mixture of compounds from STREPTOGRAMIN GROUP A: pristinamycin IIA and IIB and from STREPTOGRAMIN GROUP B: pristinamycin IA, pristinamycin IB, pristinamycin IC."]], ["Lopinavir and ritonavir", "CC1=C(C(=CC=C1)C)OCC(=O)N[C@@H](CC2=CC=CC=C2)[C@H](C[C@H](CC3=CC=CC=C3)NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)N4CCCNC4=O)O.CC(C)C1=NC(=CS1)CN(C)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC2=CC=CC=C2)C[C@@H]([C@H](CC3=CC=CC=C3)NC(=O)OCC4=CN=CS4)O", ["Kaletra is a mixture containing lopinavir and ritonavir. It is a prescription medicine that is used with other antiretroviral medicines to treat Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 (HIV-1) infection in adults and children 14 days of age and older. It has a role as an antiviral drug, a HIV protease inhibitor and an anticoronaviral agent. It contains a lopinavir and a ritonavir.", "Kaletra is a prescription medicine approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of HIV infection in adults and children. Kaletra is always used in combination with other HIV medicines.", "Lopinavir/Ritonavir is a fixed combination of two protease inhibitors, lopinavir and ritonavir, used to treat human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The ritonavir in the combination drug increases the concentration and biological half-life of lopinavir but is not present in sufficient concentration to act as a protease inhibitor."]], ["Paprika", "CC1=C(C(CCC1)(C)C)C(=O)/C=C/C(=C/C=C/C(=C/C=C/C=C(\\C)/C=C/C=C(\\C)/C=C/C2=C(CC(CC2(C)C)O)C)/C)/C.CC1=C(C(CC(C1)O)(C)C)/C=C/C(=C/C=C/C(=C/C=C/C=C(\\C)/C=C/C=C(\\C)/C=C/C(=O)/C=C(\\C)/CCC=C(C)C)/C)/C.CC1=C(C(CC(C1)O)(C)C)/C=C/C(=C/C=C/C(=C/C=C/C=C(\\C)/C=C/C=C(\\C)/C=C/C(=O)C2C(=CCCC2(C)C)C)/C)/C.CC1=C(C(CC(C1)O)(C)C)/C=C/C(=C/C=C/C(=C/C=C/C=C(\\C)/C=C/C=C(\\C)/C=C/C(=O)C2(CC(CC2(C)C)O)C)/C)/C.CC(C)/C=C/CCCCC(=O)NCC1=CC(=C(C=C1)O)OC", ["Paprika allergenic extract is used in allergenic testing."]], ["Liarozole fumarate", "C1=CC(=CC(=C1)Cl)C(N2C=NC=C2)C3=CC4=C(N=CN4)C=C3.C1=CC(=CC(=C1)Cl)C(N2C=NC=C2)C3=CC4=C(N=CN4)C=C3.C(=C/C(=O)O)\\C(=O)O.C(=C/C(=O)O)\\C(=O)O.C(=C/C(=O)O)\\C(=O)O", ["Liarozole Fumarate is the orally active fumarate salt of the benzimidazole derivative liarozole with potential antineoplastic activity. As a retinoic acid metabolism blocking agent (RAMBA), liarozole inhibits cytochrome P450-dependent all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA)-4-hydroxylase, resulting in an increase in endogenous ATRA production, inhibition of cell proliferation, and induction of cell differentiation. This agent also inhibits aromatase, the enzyme that catalyzes the final, rate-limiting step in estrogen biosynthesis."]], ["Evofosfamide", "CN1C(=CN=C1[N+](=O)[O-])COP(=O)(NCCBr)NCCBr", ["TH-302 is a novel cancer therapeutic specifically activated under the low oxygen or \"hypoxic\" conditions typical of solid tumor cancer cells. TH-302 is a nitroimidazole-linked prodrug of a brominated derivative of an isophosphoramide mustard previously used in cancer drugs such as ifosfamide, cyclophosphamide, and glufosfamide. TH-302 has been shown, in preclinical studies, to be both efficacious and well tolerated.", "Evofosfamide is a hypoxia-activated prodrug of the cytotoxin bromo-isophosphoramide mustard (Br-IPM) conjugated with 2-nitroimidazole, with potential antineoplastic activity. When exposed to hypoxic conditions, such as those found in hypoxic tumors, the 2-nitroimidazole moiety of evofosfamide is reduced. This releases the DNA-alkylating Br-IPM moiety, which introduces intra- and inter-strand DNA crosslinks in nearby cells; the crosslinks inhibit both DNA replication and cell division, and may lead to apoptosis of cells in the tumor. The inactive form of the prodrug is stable under normoxic conditions, which may limit systemic toxicity."]], ["Luseogliflozin", "CCOC1=CC=C(C=C1)CC2=CC(=C(C=C2C)OC)[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](S3)CO)O)O)O", ["Luseogliflozin is a diarylmethane.", "Luseogliflozin has been used in trials studying the treatment of Diabetes Melltius, Type 2."]], ["Nemonoxacin", "C[C@H]1C[C@@H](CN(C1)C2=C(C3=C(C=C2)C(=O)C(=CN3C4CC4)C(=O)O)OC)N", ["Nemonoxacin is a member of quinolines."]], ["Emricasan", "C[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)O)C(=O)COC1=C(C(=CC(=C1F)F)F)F)NC(=O)C(=O)NC2=CC=CC=C2C(C)(C)C", ["Emricasan is the first caspase inhibitor tested in human which has received orphan drug status by FDA. It is developed by Pfizer and made in such a way that it protects liver cells from excessive apoptosis."]], ["1-(1-Acetyl-piperidin-4-yl)-3-adamantan-1-yl-urea", "CC(=O)N1CCC(CC1)NC(=O)NC23CC4CC(C2)CC(C4)C3", ["AR-9281 inhibits soluble epoxide hydrolase."]], ["2-(4-Chlorobenzyl)-3-hydroxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo(H)quinoline-4-carboxylic acid", "C1CCC2=C(C1)C=CC3=C(C(=C(N=C23)CC4=CC=C(C=C4)Cl)O)C(=O)O", ["PSI-697 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Scleritis."]], ["2,2-dimethylpropanoyloxymethyl 7-[[(2E)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-methoxyiminoacetyl]amino]-3-[(E)-2-(4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)ethenyl]-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate", "CC1=C(SC=N1)/C=C/C2=C(N3C(C(C3=O)NC(=O)/C(=N/OC)/C4=CSC(=N4)N)SC2)C(=O)OCOC(=O)C(C)(C)C", ["Cefditoren Pivoxil is a semi-synthetic, broad-spectrum, beta-lactamase resistant, third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with bactericidal activity. Cefditoren pivoxil is a prodrug that is rapidly hydrolyzed by intestinal esterases during absorption to the microbiologically active cefditoren, an active aminothiazolyl cephalosporin. Cefditoren inactivates penicillin binding proteins (PBPs) thereby interfering with peptidoglycan synthesis and inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis. Another consequence of beta-lactam exposure results in the loss of lipoteichoic acids from the cell wall. Lipoteichoic acids inhibit murein hydrolase activity and their absence from the cell wall triggers uncontrolled autolytic activity rendering bacterial cells susceptible to osmotic shock. This results in a reduction of cell wall stability and causes cell lysis."]], ["8-Oxa-3-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane", "C1CC2CNCC1O2", ["3BNC117 is an investigational drug that is being studied as a possible strategy to treat people living with HIV. 3BNC117 belongs to a group of drugs called broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs)."]], ["Nebentan potassium", "COC1=CC=CC=C1OC2=C(N=C(N=C2OC)C3=NC=CC=N3)[N-]S(=O)(=O)/C=C/C4=CC=CC=C4.[K+]", ["Endothelin Receptor Type A Antagonist YM598 is an orally active synthetic substituted phenylethenesulfonamide. As a selective endothelin A receptor antagonist, YM598 inhibits endothelin-mediated mechanisms involved in tumor cell growth and progression, angiogenesis, and metastasis. (NCI04)"]], ["Tucidinostat", "C1=CC(=CN=C1)/C=C/C(=O)NCC2=CC=C(C=C2)C(=O)NC3=C(C=C(C=C3)F)N", ["Chidamide is a member of benzamides.", "Tucidinostat is an investigational drug that is being studied as part of a strategy to cure HIV infection. Tucidinostat belongs to a group of HIV drugs called latency-reversing agents.", "Tucidinostat is an orally bioavailable benzamide-type inhibitor of histone deacetylase (HDAC) isoenzymes 1, 2, 3 and 10, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, tucidinostat binds to and inhibits HDACs, leading to an increase of acetylation levels of histone proteins. This agent also inhibits the expression of kinases in the PI3K/Akt and MAPK/Ras signaling pathways and may result in cell cycle arrest and the induction of tumor cell apoptosis. This may inhibit tumor cell proliferation in susceptible tumor cells. HDACs, a class of enzymes that deacetylate chromatin histone proteins, are upregulated in many tumor types and play key roles in gene expression. Compared to some other benzamide-type HDAC inhibitors, chidamide is more stable, more resistant to degradation and has a longer half-life."]], ["(Triphenylphosphine)copper hydride hexamer", "C1=CC=C(C=C1)P(C2=CC=CC=C2)C3=CC=CC=C3.C1=CC=C(C=C1)P(C2=CC=CC=C2)C3=CC=CC=C3.C1=CC=C(C=C1)P(C2=CC=CC=C2)C3=CC=CC=C3.C1=CC=C(C=C1)P(C2=CC=CC=C2)C3=CC=CC=C3.C1=CC=C(C=C1)P(C2=CC=CC=C2)C3=CC=CC=C3.C1=CC=C(C=C1)P(C2=CC=CC=C2)C3=CC=CC=C3.[CuH].[CuH].[CuH].[CuH].[CuH].[CuH]", ["Stryker's reagent is an organocopper compound and mild hydride source that is used in homogeneous catalysis of conjugate reduction reactions of various compounds. Copper is a chemical element with the symbol Cu and atomic number 29. Copper is an essential elements in plants and animals as it is required for the normal functioning of more than 30 enzymes. It occurs naturally throughout the environment in rocks, soil, water, and air. (L277, L278, L281)"]], ["Betameprodina", "CC[C@@H]1CN(CC[C@@]1(C2=CC=CC=C2)OC(=O)CC)C", ["Betameprodine is an opioid analgesic classified by the United States Drug Enforcement Administration under Schedule I of illegal substances. The stereoisomer alphameprodine is similarly classified, and was more widely used (both are referred to as Meprodine). Betameprodine is a structural analogue of meperidine. It exerts physiological effects characteristic of opioids, such as analgesia, euphoria and sedation, as well as itching, nausea, and respiratory depression."]], ["(1R,7R)-1beta,2alpha,4alpha,5,6,7alpha,8,8-Octachloro-2,3,3a,4,7,7a-hexahydro-4,7-methano-1H-indene", "C1[C@H]([C@@H](C2C1[C@@]3(C(=C([C@]2(C3(Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl", ["Trans-chlordane, also known as gamma-chlordane, is one of two isomers of chlordane. Chlordane is a manufactured chemical that was used as a pesticide in the United States from 1948 to 1988. (L90)"]], ["cis-Chlordane, vial of 25 mg, analytical standard, (alpha isomer)", "C1[C@@H]([C@@H](C2C1[C@@]3(C(=C([C@]2(C3(Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl", ["cis-Chlordane, also known as alpha-chlordane, is one of two isomers of chlordane. Chlordane is a manufactured chemical that was used as a pesticide in the United States from 1948 to 1988. (L90)"]], ["(1E)-2-[6-[[amino-[(E)-[amino-(4-chloroanilino)methylidene]amino]methylidene]amino]hexyl]-1-[amino-(4-chloroanilino)methylidene]guanidine;2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoic acid", "C1=CC(=CC=C1N/C(=N/C(=NCCCCCCN=C(/N=C(/NC2=CC=C(C=C2)Cl)\\N)N)N)/N)Cl.C(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C(=O)O.C(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C(=O)O", ["Chlorhexidine Gluconate is the gluconate salt form of chlorhexidine, a biguanide compound used as an antiseptic agent with topical antibacterial activity. Chlorhexidine gluconate is positively charged and reacts with the negatively charged microbial cell surface, thereby destroying the integrity of the cell membrane. Subsequently, chlorhexidine gluconate penetrates into the cell and causes leakage of intracellular components leading to cell death. Since gram positive bacteria are more negatively charged, they are more sensitive to this agent."]], ["Ecdysterone,(S)", "C[C@]12CC[C@@H]3C(=CC(=O)[C@H]4[C@@]3(C[C@@H]([C@@H](C4)O)O)C)[C@@]1(CC[C@@H]2[C@](C)([C@@H](CCC(C)(C)O)O)O)O", ["A steroid hormone that regulates the processes of MOLTING or ecdysis in insects. Ecdysterone is the 20-hydroxylated ECDYSONE."]], ["(1R,3S,5R,6R,9R,11R,15S,16R,17R,18S,19E,21E,23E,25E,27E,29E,31E,33R,35S,36R,37S)-33-[(2R,3S,5S,6R)-4-Amino-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-1,3,5,6,9,11,17,37-octahydroxy-15,16,18-trimethyl-13-oxo-14,39-dioxabicyclo[33.3.1]nonatriaconta-19,21,23,25,27,29,31-heptaene-36-carboxylic acid", "C[C@H]1/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/[C@@H](C[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H](C[C@](O2)(C[C@H](C[C@H]([C@@H](CC[C@H](C[C@H](CC(=O)O[C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H]1O)C)C)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)C(=O)O)O[C@H]3[C@H](C([C@@H]([C@H](O3)C)O)N)O", ["Macrolide antifungal antibiotic produced by Streptomyces nodosus obtained from soil of the Orinoco river region of Venezuela."]], ["Pyrithioxine hydrochloride", "CC1=NC=C(C(=C1O)CO)CSSCC2=CN=C(C(=C2CO)O)C.Cl", ["A neurotropic agent which reduces permeability of blood-brain barrier to phosphate. It has no vitamin B6 activity."]], ["Mallogenin-3-o-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside", "C[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O1)O[C@H]2CC[C@]3([C@H](C2)CC[C@@H]4[C@@H]3[C@H](C[C@]5([C@@]4(CC[C@@H]5C6=CC(=O)OC6)O)C)O)C)O)O)O", ["Mallogenin-3-o-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside is a cardenolide glycoside."]], ["Atropine sulphate", "CN1[C@@H]2CC[C@H]1CC(C2)OC(=O)C(CO)C3=CC=CC=C3.OS(=O)(=O)O", ["Hyoscyamine Sulfate is the sulfate salt of a belladonna alkaloid derivative and the levorotatory form of racemic atropine isolated from the plants Hyoscyamus niger or Atropa belladonna, which exhibits anticholinergic activity. Hyoscyamine functions as a non-selective, competitive antagonist of muscarinic receptors, thereby inhibiting the parasympathetic activities of acetylcholine on the salivary, bronchial, and sweat glands, as well as the eye, heart, bladder, and gastrointestinal tract. These inhibitory effects cause a decrease in saliva, bronchial mucus, gastric juices, and sweat. Furthermore, its inhibitory action on smooth muscle prevents bladder contraction and decreases gastrointestinal motility.", "The 3(S)-endo isomer of atropine."]], ["(2S,3S,4R,5R,6R)-5-Amino-2-(aminomethyl)-6-[(2R,3R,4R,5S)-5-[(1R,2R,3S,5R,6S)-3,5-diamino-2-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-amino-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6-hydroxycyclohexyl]oxy-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl]oxyoxane-3,4-diol", "C1[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]1N)O[C@@H]2[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O2)CO)O)O)N)O[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](O3)CO)O[C@@H]4[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](O4)CN)O)O)N)O)O)N", ["(2S,3S,4R,5R,6R)-5-Amino-2-(aminomethyl)-6-[(2R,3R,4R,5S)-5-[(1R,2R,3S,5R,6S)-3,5-diamino-2-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-amino-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6-hydroxycyclohexyl]oxy-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl]oxyoxane-3,4-diol is a natural product found in Streptomyces with data available.", "An aminoglycoside antibacterial and antiprotozoal agent produced by species of STREPTOMYCES."]], ["Butylscopolamine bromide", "CCCC[N+]1([C@@H]2CC(C[C@H]1[C@H]3[C@@H]2O3)OC(=O)C(CO)C4=CC=CC=C4)C.[Br-]", ["Butylscopolamine Bromide is an orally available bromide salt form of butylscopolamine, a quaternary ammonium derivative of the alkaloid scopolamine, with anticholinergic property. Upon oral administration, hyoscine butylbromide binds to and blocks muscarinic receptors located on postganglionic parasympathetic nerve endings and on smooth muscle cells. This blocks the activity of acetylcholine (Ach) and causes its antispasmodic effect in the gastrointestinal (GI), urinary, uterine, and biliary tracts. This agent may also facilitate radiologic visualization of the GI tract."]], ["Dexmecamylamine", "C[C@@]1([C@@H]2CC[C@@H](C2)C1(C)C)NC", ["Dexmecamylamine has been used in trials studying the basic science and treatment of Patients, Depression, Drug Abuse, Pharmacokinetics, and Renal Impairment, among others.", "Mecamylamine is an Autonomic Ganglionic Blocker. The physiologic effect of mecamylamine is by means of Decreased Autonomic Ganglionic Activity.", "A nicotinic antagonist that is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and crosses the blood-brain barrier. Mecamylamine has been used as a ganglionic blocker in treating hypertension, but, like most ganglionic blockers, is more often used now as a research tool."]], ["Benzylpenicillin Benzathin", "CC1(C(N2C(S1)C(C2=O)NC(=O)CC3=CC=CC=C3)C(=O)O)C.CC1(C(N2C(S1)C(C2=O)NC(=O)CC3=CC=CC=C3)C(=O)O)C.C1=CC=C(C=C1)CNCCNCC2=CC=CC=C2", ["Semisynthetic antibiotic prepared by combining the sodium salt of penicillin G with N,N'-dibenzylethylenediamine."]], ["2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-[[17-[2-[6-(hydroxymethyl)-3,4,5-tris(oxidanyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6-methyl-hept-5-en-2-yl]-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-3,12-bis(oxidanyl)-2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-6-yl]oxy]-4,5-b", "CC(=CCCC(C)(C1CCC2(C1C(CC3C2(CC(C4C3(CCC(C4(C)C)O)C)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)CO)O)O)O)C)O)C)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O)C", ["2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-[[17-[2-[6-(hydroxymethyl)-3,4,5-tris(oxidanyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6-methyl-hept-5-en-2-yl]-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-3,12-bis(oxidanyl)-2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-6-yl]oxy]-4,5-b is a natural product found in Panax ginseng and Panax notoginseng with data available."]], ["1-(3-Mercapto-2-methyl-1-oxopropyl)-L-proline", "CC(CS)C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)O", ["A potent and specific inhibitor of PEPTIDYL-DIPEPTIDASE A. It blocks the conversion of ANGIOTENSIN I to ANGIOTENSIN II, a vasoconstrictor and important regulator of arterial blood pressure. Captopril acts to suppress the RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM and inhibits pressure responses to exogenous angiotensin."]], ["6-(12-Hydroxydodecyl)-2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone", "CC1=C(C(=O)C(=C(C1=O)OC)OC)CCCCCCCCCCCCO", ["Idebenone is a synthetic analogue of ubiquinone (also known as Coenzyme Q10), a vital cell antioxidant and essential component of the Electron Transport Chain (ETC). It has been proposed that by interacting with the ETC, idebenone increases ATP production required for mitochondrial function, reduces free radicals, inhibits lipid peroxidation, and consequently protects the lipid membrane and mitochondria from oxidative damage. More specifically, idebenone is thought to transfer electrons directly to complex III of the mitochondrial ETC, thereby circumventing complex I and restoring cellular energy (ATP) generation.   Due to its ability to reduce oxidative damage and improve ATP production, idebenone was originally investigated for its potential use in Alzheimer's Disease and other cognitivie disorders. Lack of improvement in cognitive function halted its production for these conditions, however it continues to be investigated for use in other conditions associated with mitochondrial damage.   Idebenone is currently only indicated for use by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) for the treatment of visual impairment in adolescent and adult patients with Leber\u2019s Hereditary Optic Neuropathy (LHON). LHON is a mitochondrially inherited degeneration of retinal ganglion cells, resulting in acute central vision loss. Due to its biochemical mode of action, it's thought that idebenone may re-activate viable-but-inactive retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in LHON patients. It is not currently approved for use by either the Food and Drug Administration (USA) or Health Canada."]], ["Disodium;(7R)-7-[[(2E)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-methoxyiminoacetyl]amino]-3-[(2-methyl-6-oxido-5-oxo-1,2,4-triazin-3-yl)sulfanylmethyl]-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate", "CN1C(=NC(=O)C(=N1)[O-])SCC2=C(N3C([C@@H](C3=O)NC(=O)/C(=N/OC)/C4=CSC(=N4)N)SC2)C(=O)[O-].[Na+].[Na+]", ["Ceftriaxone Sodium is the sodium salt form of ceftriaxone, a beta-lactam, third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with bactericidal activity. Ceftriaxone binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBP) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall. PBPs participate in the terminal stages of assembling the bacterial cell wall, and in reshaping the cell wall during cell division. Inactivation of PBPs interferes with the cross-linkage of peptidoglycan chains necessary for bacterial cell wall strength and rigidity. This results in the weakening of the bacterial cell wall and causes cell lysis. Compared to the second and first generation cephalosporins, ceftriaxone is more active against gram-negative bacteria and less active against gram-positive bacteria. Ceftriaxone also crosses the blood-brain barrier and reaches therapeutic concentrations in the central nervous system (CNS).", "A broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic and cefotaxime derivative with a very long half-life and high penetrability to meninges, eyes and inner ears."]], ["(R)-N-Methylsalsolinol", "C[C@@H]1C2=CC(=C(C=C2CCN1C)O)O", ["(R)-N-Methylsalsolinol is a member of isoquinolines. It is functionally related to a (R)-salsolinol. It is a conjugate base of a (R)-N-methylsalsolinol(1+)."]], ["Duvoglustat hydrochloride", "C1[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](N1)CO)O)O)O.Cl", ["AT2220 is an experimental, oral therapy for the treatment of Pompe disease and belongs to a class of molecules known as pharmacological chaperones. It is a small molecule designed to act as a pharmacological chaperone that specifically binds, stabilizes, and facilitates the proper folding and trafficking of \u03b1-glucosidase (GAA). GAA to the lysosome, where it can perform its normal function. AT2220 has been shown to increase GAA activity in cell lines derived from Pompe patients and in transfected cells expressing misfolded forms of GAA.", "An alpha-glucosidase inhibitor with antiviral action. Derivatives of deoxynojirimycin may have anti-HIV activity."]], ["(3R,5R)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxyhexanal", "C(C=O)[C@H](C([C@@H](CO)O)O)O", ["2-Deoxy-D-glucose is a non-metabolizable glucose analog in which the hydroxyl group at position 2 of glucose is replaced by hydrogen, with potential glycolysis inhibiting and antineoplastic activities. Although the exact mechanism of action has yet to be fully elucidated, upon administration of 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG), this agent competes with glucose for uptake by proliferating cells, such as tumor cells. 2-DG inhibits the first step of glycolysis and therefore prevents cellular energy production, which may result in decreased tumor cell proliferation.", "2-Deoxy-D-arabino-hexose. An antimetabolite of glucose with antiviral activity."]], ["methyl (1R,9R,10S,11R,12R,19R)-11-acetyloxy-12-ethyl-4-[(12S,14S)-16-ethyl-12-methoxycarbonyl-1,10-diazatetracyclo[12.3.1.03,11.04,9]octadeca-3(11),4,6,8,15-pentaen-12-yl]-10-hydroxy-5-methoxy-8-methyl-8,16-diazapentacyclo[10.6.1.01,9.02,7.016,19]nonadeca-2,4,6,13-tetraene-10-carboxylate", "CCC1=C[C@@H]2C[C@@](C3=C(CN(C2)C1)C4=CC=CC=C4N3)(C5=C(C=C6C(=C5)[C@]78CCN9[C@H]7[C@@](C=CC9)([C@H]([C@@]([C@@H]8N6C)(C(=O)OC)O)OC(=O)C)CC)OC)C(=O)OC", ["Vinorelbine is a semisynthetic vinca alkaloid. Vinorelbine binds to tubulin and prevents formation of the mitotic spindle, resulting in the arrest of tumor cell growth in metaphase. This agent may also interfere with amino acid, cyclic AMP. and glutathione metabolism; calmodulin-dependent Ca++ -transport ATPase activity; cellular respiration; and nucleic acid and lipid biosynthesis.", "A vinca alkaloid related to VINBLASTINE that is used as a first-line treatment for NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER, or for advanced or metastatic BREAST CANCER refractory to treatment with ANTHRACYCLINES."]], ["CID 13206344", "CCC1C(C(C(C(=O)C(CC(C(C(C(C(C(=O)O1)C)OC2CC(C(C(O2)C)O)(C)OC)C)OC3C(C(CC(O3)C)N(C)C)O)(C)O)C)C)O)(C)O.C(C1C(C(C(C(O1)OC(C(CO)O)C(C(C(=O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O", ["Erythromycin Lactobionate is the lactobionate salt form of erythromycin, a broad-spectrum, topical macrolide antibiotic with antibacterial activity. Erythromycin lactobionate diffuses through the bacterial cell membrane and reversibly binds to the 50S subunit of the bacterial ribosome. This prevents bacterial protein synthesis. Erythromycin lactobionate may be bacteriostatic or bactericidal in action, depending on the concentration of the drug at the site of infection and the susceptibility of the organism involved."]], ["(1S)-2-(aminomethyl)-N,N-diethyl-1-phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxamide", "CCN(CC)C(=O)[C@]1(CC1CN)C2=CC=CC=C2", ["The (1S,2R)-isomer of milnacipran that is used for the treatment of MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER."]], ["Acetazolamide sodium", "CC(=O)NC1=NN=C(S1)S(=O)(=O)[NH-].[Na+]", ["Acetazolamide sodium is an organic sodium salt. It contains an acetazolamide and an acetazolamide(1-).", "Acetazolamide Sodium is the sodium salt of acetazolamide, a nonbacteriostatic sulfonamide derivative with diuretic and anticonvulsant properties. Acetazolamide is a potent inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase that plays an important role in the control of fluid secretion. Inhibition of this enzyme in the kidney results in a reduction in the availability of hydrogen ions for active transport in the renal tubule lumen, thereby leading to increased bicarbonate and cation excretion, and increased urinary volume. Reduced bicarbonate level in circulation induces reduction of intraocular pressure via osmotic mechanism. The anticonvulsant activity of acetazolamide may contribute to inhibition of carbonic anhydrase in the CNS, which decreases carbon dioxide tension in the pulmonary alveoli, thus increasing arterial oxygen tension."]], ["1-Azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-en-7-one", "C1C=CN2C1CC2=O", ["A group of beta-lactam antibiotics in which the sulfur atom in the thiazolidine ring of the penicillin molecule is replaced by a carbon atom. THIENAMYCINS are a subgroup of carbapenems which have a sulfur atom as the first constituent of the side chain."]], ["Carbapenem", "C1C=CN2[C@H]1CC2=O", ["Carbapenem is an organic heterobicyclic compound that consists of (5R)-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene bearing a 7-keto substituent. The parent of the class of carbapenems.", "A group of beta-lactam antibiotics in which the sulfur atom in the thiazolidine ring of the penicillin molecule is replaced by a carbon atom. THIENAMYCINS are a subgroup of carbapenems which have a sulfur atom as the first constituent of the side chain."]], ["[3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl] 13-[5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3,4-bis[[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy]oxan-2-yl]oxy-5,9-dimethyl-14-methylidenetetracyclo[11.2.1.01,10.04,9]hexadecane-5-carboxylate", "CC12CCCC(C1CCC34C2CCC(C3)(C(=C)C4)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)CO)O)O)O)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O)(C)C(=O)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)CO)O)O)O", ["Stevia rebaudiana, ext. is a natural product found in Stevia rebaudiana with data available."]], ["Calcium L-Threonate", "C([C@@H]([C@H](C(=O)[O-])O)O)O.C([C@@H]([C@H](C(=O)[O-])O)O)O.[Ca+2]", ["Calcium threonate is a calcium salt of threnoic acid and a novel drug developed for the treatment of osteoporosis and as a calcium supplement. It is found in dietary supplements as a source of L-threonate used in the treatment of calcium deficiency and prevention of osteoporosis. The most common form is calcium L-threonate, or (2R,3S)-2,3,4-trihydroxy butyric acid calcium. L-threonate is an active metabolite of vitamin C that mediates a stimulatory action on vitamin C uptake. Therapeutic efficacy of calcium threonate in reducing was studied and investigated due to the hypothesis that it may play a role in the mineralization process through its positive action on vitamin C."]], ["Sulfamethazine sodium", "CC1=CC(=NC(=N1)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C2=CC=C(C=C2)N)C.[Na+]", ["Sulfamethazine Sodium is a sodium salt form of sulfamethazine, a sulfonamide antibiotic used in the lifestock industry."]], ["Bunitrolol hydrochloride", "CC(C)(C)NCC(COC1=CC=CC=C1C#N)O.Cl", ["Bunitrolol hydrochloride is an aromatic ether."]], ["Ivadal", "CC1=CC=C(C=C1)C2=C(N3C=C(C=CC3=N2)C)CC(=O)N(C)C.CC1=CC=C(C=C1)C2=C(N3C=C(C=CC3=N2)C)CC(=O)N(C)C.C(C(C(=O)O)O)(C(=O)O)O", ["An imidazopyridine derivative and short-acting GABA-A receptor agonist that is used for the treatment of INSOMNIA."]], ["Diammonium tartrate", "[C@@H]([C@H](C(=O)[O-])O)(C(=O)[O-])O.[NH4+].[NH4+]", ["Ammonium tartrate is a white crystalline solid. It is soluble in water. The primary hazard is the threat to the environment. Immediate steps should be taken to limit its spread to the environment. It is used to manufacture fabrics and in medicine.", "Diammonium L-tartrate is an organic salt that is the diammonium salt of L-(+)-tartaric acid. It contains a L-tartrate(2-)."]], ["2,2-Dimethylpropanoyloxymethyl (6R,7S)-7-[[(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-methoxyiminoacetyl]amino]-3-[(Z)-2-(4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)ethenyl]-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate", "CC1=C(SC=N1)/C=C\\C2=C(N3[C@@H]([C@H](C3=O)NC(=O)/C(=N\\OC)/C4=CSC(=N4)N)SC2)C(=O)OCOC(=O)C(C)(C)C", ["Cefditoren Pivoxil is a semi-synthetic, broad-spectrum, beta-lactamase resistant, third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with bactericidal activity. Cefditoren pivoxil is a prodrug that is rapidly hydrolyzed by intestinal esterases during absorption to the microbiologically active cefditoren, an active aminothiazolyl cephalosporin. Cefditoren inactivates penicillin binding proteins (PBPs) thereby interfering with peptidoglycan synthesis and inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis. Another consequence of beta-lactam exposure results in the loss of lipoteichoic acids from the cell wall. Lipoteichoic acids inhibit murein hydrolase activity and their absence from the cell wall triggers uncontrolled autolytic activity rendering bacterial cells susceptible to osmotic shock. This results in a reduction of cell wall stability and causes cell lysis."]], ["(1R,9S,12R,13R,14S,17R,18E,21S,23S,24R,25S,27R)-1,14-Dihydroxy-12-[(E)-1-[(3R,4R)-4-hydroxy-3-methoxycyclohexyl]prop-1-en-2-yl]-23,25-dimethoxy-13,19,21,27-tetramethyl-17-prop-2-enyl-11,28-dioxa-4-azatricyclo[22.3.1.04,9]octacos-18-ene-2,3,10,16-tetrone", "C[C@@H]1C[C@@H]([C@@H]2[C@H](C[C@H]([C@@](O2)(C(=O)C(=O)N3CCCC[C@H]3C(=O)O[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](CC(=O)[C@@H](/C=C(/C1)\\C)CC=C)O)C)/C(=C/C4CC[C@H]([C@@H](C4)OC)O)/C)O)C)OC)OC", ["A macrolide isolated from the culture broth of a strain of Streptomyces tsukubaensis that has strong immunosuppressive activity in vivo and prevents the activation of T-lymphocytes in response to antigenic or mitogenic stimulation in vitro."]], ["48-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3-[(2S,4S,5S,6S)-4-amino-5-hydroxy-4,6-dimethyloxan-2-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-22-(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-5,15-dichloro-2,18,32,35,37-pentahydroxy-19-[[4-methyl-2-(methylamino)pentanoyl]amino]-20,23,26,42,44-pentaoxo-7,13-dioxa-21,24,27,41,43-pentazaoctacyclo[26.14.2.23,6.214,17.18,12.129,33.010,25.034,39]pentaconta-3,5,8(48),9,11,14,16,29(45),30,32,34(39),35,37,46,49-pentadecaene-40-carboxylic acid;hydrochloride", "C[C@H]1[C@H]([C@@](C[C@@H](O1)O[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@H]([C@H](O[C@H]2OC3=C4C=C5C=C3OC6=C(C=C(C=C6)C(C(C(=O)NC(C(=O)NC5C(=O)NC7C8=CC(=C(C=C8)O)C9=C(C=C(C=C9O)O)C(NC(=O)C(C(C1=CC(=C(O4)C=C1)Cl)O)NC7=O)C(=O)O)CC(=O)N)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC)O)Cl)CO)O)O)(C)N)O.Cl", ["Vancomycin hydrochloride is an antibacterial prescription medicine approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of certain bacterial infections, such as infections caused by Clostridium difficile and Staphylococcus aureus.", "Vancomycin Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt of vancomycin, a branched tricyclic glycosylated peptide with bactericidal activity against most organisms and bacteriostatic effect on enterococci. At a site different from that of penicillins and cephalosporins, vancomycin binds tightly to the D-alanyl-D-alanine portion of cell wall precursors, thereby interfering with bacterial cell wall synthesis. This leads to activation of bacterial autolysins that destroy the cell wall by lysis. Vancomycin may also alter the permeability of bacterial cytoplasmic membranes and may selectively inhibit RNA synthesis.", "Antibacterial obtained from Streptomyces orientalis. It is a glycopeptide related to RISTOCETIN that inhibits bacterial cell wall assembly and is toxic to kidneys and the inner ear."]], ["Manganese silicate", "[O-][Si](=O)[O-].[Mn+2]", ["Rhodonite is a mineral with formula of CaMn2+3Mn2+Si5O15 or CaMn3Mn(Si5O15). The corresponding IMA (International Mineralogical Association) number is IMA2019 s.p.. The IMA symbol is Rdn."]], ["Cycloastragenol", "C[C@]12CC[C@@]34C[C@@]35CC[C@@H](C([C@@H]5[C@H](C[C@H]4[C@@]1(C[C@@H]([C@@H]2[C@]6(CC[C@H](O6)C(C)(C)O)C)O)C)O)(C)C)O", ["Cycloastragenol is a sapogenin that is the aglycone derivative of astragaloside IV, a major saponin extracted from the root of Astragalus membranaceus. It has a role as a metabolite. It is a sapogenin, a pentacyclic triterpenoid, a tetrol and a member of oxolanes. It derives from a hydride of a 5alpha-gonane.", "Cycloastragenol is a natural product found in Euphorbia glareosa, Astragalus mongholicus, and other organisms with data available."]], ["Cyclogalegigenin", "C[C@]12CC[C@@]34C[C@@]35CC[C@@H](C([C@@H]5[C@H](C[C@H]4[C@@]1(C[C@@H]([C@@H]2[C@@]6(CC[C@@H](O6)C(C)(C)O)C)O)C)O)(C)C)O", ["Cyclogalegigenin is a natural product found in Astragalus onobrychis with data available."]], ["CID 13943288", "C[C@]12CC[C@@]34C[C@@]35CC[C@@H](C([C@@H]5[C@H](C[C@H]4[C@@]1(C[C@@H]([C@@H]2[C@]6(CC[C@@H](O6)C(C)(C)O)C)O)C)O)(C)C)O", ["CID 13943288 is a natural product found in Astragalus pycnocephalus with data available."]], ["CID 13955575", "C(=O)([O-])[O-].[Ag]", ["Silver carbonate is an odorless yellow to brown solid. Sinks in water. (USCG, 1999)"]], ["(3R,8aS)-3-ethyl-8a-hydroxy-3,6,6,8,8-pentamethyl-1,2-benzodioxine-5,7-dione", "CC[C@@]1(C=C2C(=O)C(C(=O)C([C@@]2(OO1)O)(C)C)(C)C)C", ["(3R,8aS)-3-ethyl-8a-hydroxy-3,6,6,8,8-pentamethyl-1,2-benzodioxine-5,7-dione is a natural product found in Eucalyptus grandis with data available."]], ["Aceneuramic acid", "CC(=O)N[C@H]([C@H](CC(=O)C(=O)O)O)[C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](CO)O)O)O", ["Aceneuramic acid is an N-acetylneuraminic acid that is keto-neuraminic acid in which one of the hydrogens of the amino group is replaced by an acetyl group. It is a member of N-acetylneuraminic acids, a member of acetamides and a 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid. It is functionally related to a keto-neuraminic acid. It is a conjugate acid of an aceneuramate.", "Aceneuramic acid has been used in trials studying the treatment of Distal Myopathy, Nonaka Type, Hereditary Inclusion Body Myopathy, and Distal Myopathy With Rimmed Vacuoles.", "Aceneuramic acid is a natural product found in Phaseolus vulgaris with data available.", "An N-acyl derivative of neuraminic acid. N-acetylneuraminic acid occurs in many polysaccharides, glycoproteins, and glycolipids in animals and bacteria. (From Dorland, 28th ed, p1518)"]], ["Neoloid", "CCCCCCC(O)C/C=C\\CCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(OC(=O)CCCCCCC/C=C\\CC(O)CCCCCC)COC(=O)CCCCCCC/C=C\\CC(O)CCCCCC", ["Castor oil appears as pale-yellow or almost colorless transparent viscous liquid with a faint mild odor and nauseating taste. Density 0.95 g / cm3. A mixture of glycerides, chiefly ricinolein (the glyceride of ricinoleic acid).", "Castor Oil is a vegetable oil pressed from the seeds of the castor bean, Ricinus communis. Castor oil has many industrial applications and is used medicinally as a laxative and as an excipient.", "Oil obtained from seeds of Ricinus communis that is used as a cathartic and as a plasticizer."]], ["beta-Cyclodextrin, 6A,6B,6C,6D,6E,6F,6G-heptakis-O-(2-hydroxypropyl)-", "CC(COC[C@@H]1[C@@H]2[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](O1)O[C@@H]3[C@H](O[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]3O)O)O[C@@H]4[C@H](O[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]4O)O)O[C@@H]5[C@H](O[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]5O)O)O[C@@H]6[C@H](O[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]6O)O)O[C@@H]7[C@H](O[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]7O)O)O[C@@H]8[C@H](O[C@H](O2)[C@@H]([C@H]8O)O)COCC(C)O)COCC(C)O)COCC(C)O)COCC(C)O)COCC(C)O)COCC(C)O)O)O)O", ["Derivative of beta-cyclodextrin that is used as an excipient for steroid drugs and as a lipid chelator."]], ["Pental", "CCCC(C)C1(C(=O)NC(=O)[N-]C1=O)CC.[Na+]", ["Pentobarbital Sodium is the sodium salt of pentobarbital, a short-acting barbituric acid derivative with central nervous system (CNS) depressant property. Pentobarbital sodium binds to the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-A subtype receptor, resulting in modulation of chloride transport through receptor channels and potentiation of GABA-induced increases in chloride conductance. This enhances postsynaptic responses to the inhibitory actions of GABA and causes CNS depression. In addition, this agent inhibits glutamate induced nerve depolarization and depresses voltage-activated calcium currents.", "A short-acting barbiturate that is effective as a sedative and hypnotic (but not as an anti-anxiety) agent and is usually given orally. It is prescribed more frequently for sleep induction than for sedation but, like similar agents, may lose its effectiveness by the second week of continued administration. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p236)"]], ["Methyl 4,7,10,13,16-docosapentaenoate", "CCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCC(=O)OC", ["A chimeric monoclonal antibody that functions as an ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT through its binding to the EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR, where it prevents the binding and signaling action of cell growth and survival factors."]], ["Secobarbital sodium", "CCCC(C)C1(C(=O)NC(=O)[N-]C1=O)CC=C.[Na+]", ["A barbiturate that is used as a sedative. Secobarbital is reported to have no anti-anxiety activity."]], ["2-[(2r)-Butan-2-Yl]-4-{4-[4-(4-{[(2r,4s)-2-(2,4-Dichlorophenyl)-2-(1h-1,2,4-Triazol-1-Ylmethyl)-1,3-Dioxolan-4-Yl]methoxy}phenyl)piperazin-1-Yl]phenyl}-2,4-Dihydro-3h-1,2,4-Triazol-3-One", "CC[C@@H](C)N1C(=O)N(C=N1)C2=CC=C(C=C2)N3CCN(CC3)C4=CC=C(C=C4)OC[C@H]5CO[C@](O5)(CN6C=NC=N6)C7=C(C=C(C=C7)Cl)Cl", ["Itraconazole is an antifungal prescription medicine approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of certain fungal infections, such as:", "Itraconazole is a orally administered, triazole antifungal agent used in the treatment of systemic and superficial fungal infections. Itraconazole therapy is associated with transient, mild-to-moderate serum elevations and can lead to clinically apparent acute drug induced liver injury.", "Itraconazole is a synthetic triazole agent with antimycotic properties. Formulated for both topical and systemic use, itraconazole preferentially inhibits fungal cytochrome P450 enzymes, resulting in a decrease in fungal ergosterol synthesis.  Because of its low toxicity profile, this agent can be used for long-term maintenance treatment of chronic fungal infections. (NCI04)", "A triazole antifungal agent that inhibits cytochrome P-450-dependent enzymes required for ERGOSTEROL synthesis."]], ["Itraconazole, (R)-(+)-", "CC[C@H](C)N1C(=O)N(C=N1)C2=CC=C(C=C2)N3CCN(CC3)C4=CC=C(C=C4)OC[C@H]5CO[C@](O5)(CN6C=NC=N6)C7=C(C=C(C=C7)Cl)Cl", ["Itraconazole is an antifungal prescription medicine approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of certain fungal infections, such as:", "Itraconazole is a orally administered, triazole antifungal agent used in the treatment of systemic and superficial fungal infections. Itraconazole therapy is associated with transient, mild-to-moderate serum elevations and can lead to clinically apparent acute drug induced liver injury.", "Itraconazole is a synthetic triazole agent with antimycotic properties. Formulated for both topical and systemic use, itraconazole preferentially inhibits fungal cytochrome P450 enzymes, resulting in a decrease in fungal ergosterol synthesis.  Because of its low toxicity profile, this agent can be used for long-term maintenance treatment of chronic fungal infections. (NCI04)", "A triazole antifungal agent that inhibits cytochrome P-450-dependent enzymes required for ERGOSTEROL synthesis."]], ["Curcumol", "C[C@H]1CC[C@@H]2[C@]13C[C@H]([C@](O3)(CC2=C)O)C(C)C", ["Curcumol is a sesquiterpenoid.", "Curcumol is a natural product found in Curcuma aromatica, Curcuma wenyujin, and Cunninghamella blakesleeana with data available."]], ["EthylMethyl-carbaMic Acid 3-[(1S)-1-(DiMethylaMino)ethyl]phenyl Ester, Bitartrate", "CCN(C)C(=O)OC1=CC=CC(=C1)C(C)N(C)C.C(C(C(=O)O)O)(C(=O)O)O", ["Rivastigmine Tartrate is the tartrate salt form of rivastigmine, a phenylcarbamate derivative exhibiting cognitive stimulating property. Although the mechanism of action has not been fully elucidated, rivastigmine tartrate may bind reversibly to cholinesterase, thereby decreasing the breakdown of acetylcholine and enhancing cholinergic function."]], ["Dolasetronum", "C1[C@H]2CC(CC3N2CC(=O)C1C3)OC(=O)C4=CNC5=CC=CC=C54", ["Dolasetron is an indole derivative and a potent serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonist with anti-emetic property. Dolasetron blocks the activity of serotonin released from the enterochromaffin cells of the small intestine by selectively inhibiting and inactivating 5-HT3 receptors located on the nerve terminals of the vagus nerve in the periphery and centrally in the chemoreceptor trigger zone of the area postrema. This results in suppression of signalling to trigger chemo- and radiotherapy induced nausea and vomiting."]], ["Fluoruracil", "C1=CN(C(=O)NC1=O)F", ["A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid."]], ["Choline chloride C-11", "C[N+](C)([11CH3])CCO.[Cl-]", ["(11)C-choline chloride is a quaternary ammonium salt that is the chloride salt of (11)C-choline. An intravenous radioactive diagnostic agent used as a tracer during positron emission tomography scans to help detect sites of recurrent prostate cancer. It has a role as a radioactive tracer, a radioactive imaging agent and a diagnostic agent. It is a chloride salt, a quaternary ammonium salt and an (11)C-modified compound. It contains an (11)C-choline.", "Choline C 11 is a marker for cellular proliferation as its main molecule is a precursor for the biosynthesis of phospholipids which are essential components of all cell membranes. It was developed by MCPRF and FDA first approved in September 2012."]], ["Pantoloc", "COC1=C(C(=NC=C1)CS(=O)C2=NC3=C([N-]2)C=CC(=C3)OC(F)F)OC.[Na+]", ["Pantoprazole sodium is an organic sodium salt. It has a role as an EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor and an anti-ulcer drug. It contains a pantoprazole(1-).", "Pantoprazole Sodium is the sodium salt form of a substituted benzimidazole with proton pump inhibitor activity. Pantoprazole is a lipophilic, weak base that crosses the parietal cell membrane and enters the acidic parietal cell canaliculus where it becomes protonated, producing the active metabolite sulfenamide, which forms an irreversible covalent bond with two sites of the H+/K+-ATPase enzyme located on the gastric parietal cell, thereby inhibiting both basal and stimulated gastric acid production.", "2-pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazole proton pump inhibitor that is used in the treatment of GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX and PEPTIC ULCER."]], ["Fluorofuranylnorprogesterone F-18", "C[C@]12CC[C@H]3[C@H]([C@@H]1C[C@@H]4[C@]2(O[C@@H](O4)C5=CC=CO5)C(=O)C[18F])CCC6=CC(=O)CC[C@H]36", ["Fluorofuranylnorprogesterone F-18 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02455453 (Assessment of Functional Status of Estrogen Receptors in Breast Cancer by Positron Emission Tomography)."]], ["18-Methoxycoronaridine, (+/-)-", "COCC[C@H]1C[C@@H]2C[C@@]3([C@H]1N(C2)CCC4=C3NC5=CC=CC=C45)C(=O)OC", ["18-methoxycoronaridine is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03084952 (Phase 2 Trial to Evaluate 18-Methoxycoronaridine Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability in Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Patients)."]], ["Tosedostat", "CC(C)C[C@H]([C@@H](C(=O)NO)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C1=CC=CC=C1)C(=O)OC2CCCC2", ["(2S)-2-[[(2R)-2-[(1S)-1-hydroxy-2-(hydroxyamino)-2-oxoethyl]-4-methyl-1-oxopentyl]amino]-2-phenylacetic acid cyclopentyl ester is a secondary carboxamide, a hydroxamic acid and a carboxylic ester.", "Tosedostat has been used in trials studying the treatment and supportive care of AML, Leukemia, Pancreas Cancer, Multiple Myeloma, and Pancreatic Cancer, among others.  Tosedostat is an inhibitor of the M1 family of aminopeptidases, in particular PuSA, and LTA4 hydrolase. It has demonstrated anti-tumour activity in a number of models of cancer, both as a single agent and in synergy with cytotoxic agents such as carboplatin and paclitaxel. It entered the clinical trial in patients with haematological malignancies.", "Tosedostat is a proprietary orally bioavailable inhibitor of the M1 family of aminopeptidases with potential antineoplastic activity. Aminopeptidase inhibitor CHR-2797 is converted intracellularly into a poorly membrane-permeable active metabolite (CHR-79888) which inhibits the M1 family of aminopeptidases, particularly puromycin-sensitive aminopeptidase (PuSA), and leukotriene A4 (LTA4) hydrolase; inhibition of these aminopeptidases in tumor cells may result in amino acid deprivation, inhibition of protein synthesis due to a decrease in the intracellular free amino acid pool, an increase in the level of the proapoptotic protein Noxa, and cell death. Noxa is a member of the BH3 (Bcl-2 homology 3)-only subgroup of the proapoptotic Bcl-2 (B-cell CLL/lymphoma 2) protein family."]], ["(7S,9R)-7-[(2R,4S,5S,6S)-4-Amino-5-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-6,9,11-trihydroxy-9-(2-hydroxyacetyl)-4-methoxy-8,10-dihydro-7H-tetracene-5,12-dione;hydrochloride", "C[C@H]1[C@H]([C@H](C[C@@H](O1)O[C@H]2C[C@](CC3=C2C(=C4C(=C3O)C(=O)C5=C(C4=O)C(=CC=C5)OC)O)(C(=O)CO)O)N)O.Cl", ["Antineoplastic antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces peucetius. It is a hydroxy derivative of DAUNORUBICIN."]], ["Azidocillin", "CC1([C@@H](N2[C@H](S1)[C@@H](C2=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](C3=CC=CC=C3)N=[N+]=[N-])C(=O)O)C", ["Azidocillin is a penicillin. It is a conjugate acid of an azidocillin(1-).", "Azidocillin is a penicillin antibiotic similir to ampicillin.", "Azidocillin is a narrow-spectrum, semisynthetic penicillin derivative with antibacterial activity. Azidocillin binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall. Inactivation of PBPs interferes with the cross-linkage of peptidoglycan chains necessary for bacterial cell wall strength and rigidity. This interrupts bacterial cell wall synthesis and results in the weakening of the bacterial cell wall, eventually causing cell lysis."]], ["carbanide;cobalt(3+);[(2R,3S,4R,5S)-5-(5,6-dimethylbenzimidazol-1-yl)-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl] 1-[3-[(5Z,15Z)-2,13,18-tris(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-7,12,17-tris(3-amino-3-oxopropyl)-3,5,8,8,13,15,18,19-octamethyl-2,7,12,17-tetrahydro-1H-corrin-24-id-3-yl]propanoylamino]propan-2-yl phosphate", "[CH3-].CC1=CC2=C(C=C1C)N(C=N2)[C@@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O3)CO)OP(=O)([O-])OC(C)CNC(=O)CCC4(C(C5C6(C(C(/C(=C(/C7=NC(=CC8=N/C(=C(\\C4=N5)/C)/C(C8(C)C)CCC(=O)N)C(C7(C)CC(=O)N)CCC(=O)N)\\C)/[N-]6)CCC(=O)N)(C)CC(=O)N)C)CC(=O)N)C)O.[Co+3]", ["Mecobalamin is a synthetic and active form of vitamin B12 that can cross the blood brain barrier without biotransformation, that may be used to treat or prevent vitamin B12 deficiency and its complications. Upon administration, mecobalamin is able to replace endogenous vitamin B12, increase vitamin B12 levels and improve vitamin B12 deficiency. Vitamin B12 is necessary for hematopoiesis, neural metabolism, DNA and RNA production, and carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism. It improves iron functions in the metabolic cycle and assists folic acid in choline synthesis. Its metabolism is interconnected with that of folic acid."]], ["Arverapamil", "CC(C)[C@@](CCCNCCC1=CC(=C(C=C1)OC)OC)(C#N)C2=CC(=C(C=C2)OC)OC", ["(R)-norverapamil is 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl]amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile that has R configuration. It is an enantiomer of a (S)-norverapamil."]], ["3-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)adamantane-1-carboxamide", "C1C2CC3(CC1CC(C2)(C3)C(=O)NCC4=CC=NC=C4)C5=CC=C(C=C5)Cl", ["3-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)-1-adamantanecarboxamide is an organochlorine compound.", "Opaganib, also known as ABC294640, is a selective [sphingosine kinase-2 (SK2)](https://go.drugbank.com/polypeptides/Q9NRA0) inhibitor that is orally administered. This drug has potential anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral activities, with potential applications in oncology, inflammation, the gastrointestinal system, and COVID-19.", "Opaganib is an orally available, aryladamantane compound and selective inhibitor of sphingosine kinase-2 (SK2) with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, opaganib competitively binds to and inhibits SK2, thereby preventing the phosphorylation of the pro-apoptotic amino alcohol sphingosine to sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), the lipid mediator that is pro-survival and critical for immunomodulation. This may eventually lead to the induction of apoptosis and may result in an inhibition of cell proliferation in cancer cells overexpressing SK2. SK2 and its isoenzyme SK1 are overexpressed in numerous cancer cell types."]], ["Edotreotide yttrium Y-90", "C[C@H]([C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](CSSC[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N1)CCCCN)CC2=CNC3=CC=CC=C32)CC4=CC=C(C=C4)O)NC(=O)[C@@H](CC5=CC=CC=C5)NC(=O)CN6CCN(CCN(CCN(CC6)CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])C(=O)N[C@H](CO)[C@@H](C)O)O.[90Y+3]", ["Yttrium Y 90-Edotreotide is a radioconjugate consisting of the octreotide derivative edotreotide labeled with yttrium 90 (Y-90) with potential radiotherapeutic uses. Similar to octreotide, yttrium Y 90-edotreotide binds to somatostatin receptors (SSTRs), especially type 2 receptors, present on the cell membranes of many types of neuroendocrine tumor cells, delivering tissue-specific, beta-emitting nuclide Y-90-mediated cytotoxicity to SSTR-positive cells. Yttrium Y 90-edotreotide is produced by substituting tyrosine for phenylalanine at the 3 position of the somatostatin analogue octreotide and chelating the substituted octreotide to Y-90 via dodecanetetraacetic acid (DOTA)."]], ["3-Deoxy-D-Lyxo-Heptopyran-2-ularic Acid", "C1[C@H]([C@H]([C@H](OC1(C(=O)O)O)C(=O)O)O)O", ["3-Deoxy-lyxo-heptulosaric acid is a C-glycosyl compound."]], ["8-Demethyleucalyptin", "CC1=C(C=C2C(=C1O)C(=O)C=C(O2)C3=CC=C(C=C3)OC)OC", ["5-Hydroxy-4',7-dimethoxy-6-methylflavone is a member of flavonoids and an ether.", "8-Demethyleucalyptin is a natural product found in Eucalyptus urnigera, Callistemon lanceolatus, and other organisms with data available."]], ["Copper ethanoate", "CC(=O)[O-].[Cu+2]", ["Copper(II) acetate is a chemical compound of copper. It is used as a source of copper(II) in inorganic synthesis and as a catalyst or an oxidizing agent in organic synthesis. Copper is a chemical element with the symbol Cu and atomic number 29. Copper is an essential elements in plants and animals as it is required for the normal functioning of more than 30 enzymes. It occurs naturally throughout the environment in rocks, soil, water, and air. (L277, L278, L295)"]], ["Gadovist", "C1CN(CCN(CCN(CCN1CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])C(CO)C(CO)O)CC(=O)[O-].[Gd+3]", ["Gadobutrol is a gadolinium-based, hydrophilic, macrocyclic, electrically neutral contrast agent used in contrast-enhanced MRI (CE-MRI). Gadobutrol is a non-ionic, paramagnetic complex consisting of gadolinium (Gd3+) chelated with the macrocyclic compound dihydroxy-hydroxymethylpropyl-tetraazacyclododecane-triacetic acid (butrol). Following intravenous administration, gadobutrol may increase MRI sensitivity for the detection of tumors and inflammatory and demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) that are associated with areas with blood-brain barrier defects due to altered perfusion or an enlarged extracellular space. This agent is eliminated in an unchanged form via the kidneys; extra-renal elimination is negligible."]], ["Tofranil", "C[NH+](C)CCCN1C2=CC=CC=C2CCC3=CC=CC=C31.[Cl-]", ["Imipramine hydrochloride is a hydrochloride. It has a role as an antidepressant. It contains an imipramine.", "The prototypical tricyclic antidepressant. It has been used in major depression, dysthymia, bipolar depression, attention-deficit disorders, agoraphobia, and panic disorders. It has less sedative effect than some other members of this therapeutic group."]], ["Novobiocin(1-)", "CC1=C(C=CC2=C1OC(=O)C(=C2[O-])NC(=O)C3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)CC=C(C)C)O[C@H]4[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](C(O4)(C)C)OC)OC(=O)N)O", ["Novobiocin(1-) is an organic anion that is the conjugate base of novobiocin. It is a conjugate base of a novobiocin.", "An antibiotic compound derived from Streptomyces niveus. It has a chemical structure similar to coumarin. Novobiocin binds to DNA gyrase, and blocks adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity. (From Reynolds, Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p189)"]], ["Tefinostat", "C1CCC(C1)OC(=O)[C@H](C2=CC=CC=C2)NCC3=CC=C(C=C3)NC(=O)CCCCCCC(=O)NO", ["Tefinostat is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02759601 (Dose Escalation Trial of Tefinostat for Cancer Associated Inflamation in Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC)).", "Tefinostat is a hydroxamic acid-derived histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor with potential antineoplastic activity. Tefinostat inhibits HDAC leading to an accumulation of highly acetylated histones, which may result in chromatin remodeling, inhibition of tumor oncogene transcription, inhibition of tumor cell division, and the induction of tumor cell apoptosis. HDAC, an enzyme upregulated in many tumor types, deacetylates chromatin histone proteins; this agent may specifically target HDACs in cells of the monocyte-macrophage lineage."]], ["Phenol, 4-((4-(((2R,4S)-4-(3-chlorophenyl)-2-oxido-1,3,2-dioxaphosphorinan-2-yl)methoxy)-2,6-dimethylphenyl)methyl)-2-(1-methylethyl)-", "CC1=CC(=CC(=C1CC2=CC(=C(C=C2)O)C(C)C)C)OC[P@@]3(=O)OCC[C@H](O3)C4=CC(=CC=C4)Cl", ["MB07811 is the first of a novel class of product candidates discovered by Metabasis designed to lower serum cholesterol and triglycerides. MB07811, a small molecule that is administered orally, has been extensively studied preclinically and is currently undergoing clinical testing. MB07811 combines a novel thyroid hormone receptor agonist with the Company's novel HepDirect liver targeting prodrug technology. The combination of selectivity for the beta form of the receptor, liver targeting and other structural characteristics that limit extra-hepatic activity is designed to provide significant efficacy while avoiding side effects associated with activation of thyroid hormone receptors outside the liver.", "VK-2809 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02927184 (Safety and Tolerability of VK2809 in Patients With Primary Hypercholesterolemia and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease)."]], ["Propanamide, N-(2,6-dimethyl-4-((4-(methyl(2-phenylethyl)amino)-1-piperidinyl)carbonyl)phenyl)-, hydrochloride, hydrate (1:1:1)", "CCC(=O)NC1=C(C=C(C=C1C)C(=O)N2CCC(CC2)N(C)CCC3=CC=CC=C3)C.O.Cl", ["At low doses, OPC 28326 selectively vasodilates the femoral arterial bed due to its inhibitory action at alpha-2-adrenoceptors while having minimal action on systemic blood pressure, heart rate and coronary, carotid, vertebral, renal, and mesenteric blood flows. It is the only clinical compound with this profile. It is currently being investigated in the treatment of peripheral vascular diseases and Raynaud's syndrome."]], ["Dianhydrogalactitol", "C1[C@@H](O1)[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@@H]2CO2)O)O", ["Dianhydrogalactitol has been used in trials studying the treatment of GBM, Glioma, Glioblastoma, Brain Cancer, and Glioblastoma Multiforme.", "Dianhydrogalactitol is a bifunctional hexitol derivative with potential antineoplastic activity. Dianhydrogalactitol alkylates and cross-links DNA via an epoxide group during all phases of the cell cycle, resulting in disruption of DNA function and cell cycle arrest. (NCI04)", "One of the cytotoxic dihalohexitols that alkylates and cross-links DNA via an epoxide group during all phases of the cell cycle, resulting in a disruption of DNA function and cell cycle arrest. It has antineoplastic activity and also causes bone marrow toxicity."]], ["Dutogliptin tartrate", "B([C@@H]1CCCN1C(=O)CN[C@@H]2CCNC2)(O)O.[C@@H]([C@H](C(=O)O)O)(C(=O)O)O", ["Dutogliptin Tartrate is the tartrate salt form of dutogliptin, a potent, water soluble, selective and orally bioavailable, boronic acid-based inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4), with hypoglycemic activity. Dutogliptin irriversibly binds to DPP-4."]], ["Flutemetamol F-18", "CNC1=C(C=C(C=C1)C2=NC3=C(S2)C=C(C=C3)O)[18F]", ["Flutemetamol ((18)F) is a member of the class of benzothiazoles that is 1,3-benzothiazole substituted by 3-((18)F)fluoro-4-(methylamino)phenyl and hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 6 respectively. A positron emission tomography imaging ligand for the detection of amyloid aggregation associated with Alzheimer disease. It has a role as a radioactive imaging agent. It is a (18)F radiopharmaceutical, a member of benzothiazoles, an aromatic amine and a secondary amino compound.", "Flutemetamol (18F) is a PET scanning radiopharmaceutical containing the radionuclide fluorine-18. It is indicated for Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging of the brain to estimate \u03b2 amyloid neuritic plaque density in adult patients with cognitive impairment who are being evaluated for Alzheimer's disease (AD) or other causes of cognitive decline.", "Flutemetamol f-18 is a Radioactive Diagnostic Agent. The mechanism of action of flutemetamol f-18 is as a Radiopharmaceutical Activity.", "Flutemetamol F 18 is a radiopharmaceutical containing flutemetamol, a thioflavin derivative of Pittsburgh compound B (PiB) labeled with the radioisotope fluorine F18 that can be used to detect beta-amyloid deposition upon positron emission tomography (PET). After intravenous administration of flutemetamol F 18, the flutemetamol moiety selectively accumulates in and binds to cerebral fibrillar amyloid-beta in the brain. The fluorine F18 radioisotope moiety is detected using PET, which allows imaging and quantification of amyloid-beta density. Amyloid plaque deposition is linked to cognitive decline, including Alzheimer's disease, and may be linked to chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment (CICI)."]], ["Methanone, (3'-chloro(1,1'-biphenyl)-4-yl)(1-(2-pyrimidinyl)-4-piperidinyl)-", "C1CN(CCC1C(=O)C2=CC=C(C=C2)C3=CC(=CC=C3)Cl)C4=NC=CC=N4", ["LX6171 is an oral drug candidate that was generated by Lexicon medicinal chemists and is being developed to treat disorders characterized by cognitive impairment, such as Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia or vascular dementia."]], ["2-Bromo-1-(3,3-dinitroazetidin-1-yl)ethanone", "C1C(CN1C(=O)CBr)([N+](=O)[O-])[N+](=O)[O-]", ["RRx-001 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Lymphomas, Brain Metastases, Cholangiocarcinoma, Colorectal Neoplasms, and Malignant Solid Tumor, among others.", "Radiosensitizer RRx-001 is a dinitroazetidine derivative with potential radiosensitizing activity. Upon administration, RRx-001 is able to dilate blood vessels, thereby increasing tumor blood flow and thus improving oxygenation to the tumor site. By increasing oxygen levels, these tumor cells may be more susceptible to radiation therapy.  Tumor hypoxia is correlated with tumor aggressiveness, metastasis and resistance to radiotherapy."]], ["Padoporfin", "CC[C@@H]1[C@H](C2=CC3=C(C(=C([N-]3)C=C4[C@H]([C@@H](C(=N4)C5=C6C(=C(C(=CC1=N2)[N-]6)C)C(=O)[C@@H]5C(=O)OC)CCC(=O)O)C)C)C(=O)C)C.[Pd+2]", ["Padoporfin is a novel palladium-substituted bacteriochlorophyll derivative and photosensitizer with potential antitumor activity. Upon administration, inactive padoporfin is activated locally when the tumor bed is exposed to photoirradiation; the activated form induces local cytotoxic processes, resulting in local tissue damage, disruption of tumor vasculature, and tumor hypoxia and necrosis."]], ["Stannsoporfin", "CCC1=C(C2=NC1=CC3=C(C(=C([N-]3)C=C4C(=C(C(=CC5=NC(=C2)C(=C5C)CC)[N-]4)C)CCC(=O)O)CCC(=O)O)C)C.[Cl-].[Cl-].[Sn+4]", ["Stannsoporfin is a competitive heme oxygenase (HO) inhibitor being developed by InfaCare, a subsidiary of WellSpring Pharmaceuticals, for the prevention of hyperbilirubinemia in infants at risk of developing jaundice."]], ["Resmetirom", "CC(C)C1=CC(=NNC1=O)OC2=C(C=C(C=C2Cl)N3C(=O)NC(=O)C(=N3)C#N)Cl", ["MGL-3196 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and Heterozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia."]], ["Vonoprazan", "CNCC1=CN(C(=C1)C2=CC=CC=C2F)S(=O)(=O)C3=CN=CC=C3", ["Vonoprazan is a member of pyrroles.", "Vonoprazan is a potassium-competitive acid blocker (PCAB) that inhibits H+, K+-ATPase-mediated gastric acid secretion. PCABs represent an alternative to proton-pump inhibitors for the treatment of acid-related disorders. Unlike proton-pump inhibitors, PCABs are not affected by CYP2C19 genetic polymorphisms and do not require acid-resistant formulations. Furthermore, vonoprazan is 350-times more potent than the proton-pump inhibitor [lansoprazole], thanks to its ability to accumulate in the gastric corpus mucosa, specifically in the parietal cells.   In February 2015, vonoprazan was first marketed in Japan for the treatment of acid-related disorders and as an adjunct to Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication. In May 2022, the FDA approved the use of vonoprazan in a co-packaged product containing amoxicillin and clarithromycin for the treatment of H. pylori infection. Studies have shown that the concomitant use of vonoprazan, amoxicillin, and clarithromycin leads to an H. pylori eradication rate of approximately 90%."]], ["Ansofaxine", "CC1=CC=C(C=C1)C(=O)OC2=CC=C(C=C2)C(CN(C)C)C3(CCCCC3)O", ["Ansofaxine is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02271412 (Multiple Ascending Dose Study in Healthy Subjects to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of LY03005)."]], ["(2E,6E)-3,7,11-Trimethyldodeca-2,6,10-trien-1-yl diphosphate", "CC(=CCC/C(=C/CC/C(=C/COP(=O)([O-])OP(=O)([O-])[O-])/C)/C)C", ["2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate(3-) is an organophosphate oxoanion that is the trianion obtained by removal of the three protons from the diphosphate group of 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate. It has a role as a human metabolite and a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite. It is a conjugate base of a 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate."]], ["(R)-5-(6-((4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-1-yl)-3-(1-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ethoxy)thiophene-2-carboxamide", "C[C@H](C1=CC=CC=C1C(F)(F)F)OC2=C(SC(=C2)N3C=NC4=C3C=C(C=C4)CN5CCN(CC5)C)C(=O)N", ["5-[6-[(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)methyl]-1-benzimidazolyl]-3-[(1R)-1-[2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy]-2-thiophenecarboxamide is a member of (trifluoromethyl)benzenes."]], ["Trelagliptin", "CN1C(=O)C=C(N(C1=O)CC2=C(C=CC(=C2)F)C#N)N3CCC[C@H](C3)N", ["Trelagliptin is a member of benzenes and a nitrile.", "Trelagliptin is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03555591 (Specified Drug-Use Survey of Trelagliptin Tablets \"Survey on Long-term Use in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus\")."]], ["Azd-1152hqpa", "CCN(CCCOC1=CC2=C(C=C1)C(=NC=N2)NC3=NNC(=C3)CC(=O)NC4=CC(=CC=C4)F)CCO", ["AZD-1152 is a member of the of quinazolines that is 4-aminoquinazolin-7-ol in which the amino group at position 4 has been substituted by a 5-[2-(3-fluoroanilino)-2-oxoethyl]-1H-pyrazol-3-yl group, while the hydroxy group at position 7 has been converted into the corresponding 3-[ethyl(2-hydroxyethyl)aminopropyl ether. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent and an Aurora kinase inhibitor. It is a member of quinazolines, a secondary carboxamide, a tertiary amino compound, a secondary amino compound, a member of pyrazoles, a primary alcohol, a member of monofluorobenzenes and an anilide.", "Defosbarasertib is a small-molecule inhibitor of the serine-threonine kinase Aurora B, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, defosbarasertib specifically binds to and inhibits Aurora kinase B, which disrupts spindle checkpoint functions and chromosome alignment, and results in the disruption of chromosome segregation and cytokinesis. This inhibits cell division and cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in Aurora kinase B-overexpressing tumor cells. Aurora kinase B, a serine/threonine protein kinase that functions in the attachment of the mitotic spindle to the centromere, is overexpressed in a wide variety of cancer cell types."]], ["Teflaro", "CCO/N=C(/C1=NSC(=N1)NP(=O)(O)O)\\C(=O)N[C@H]2[C@@H]3N(C2=O)C(=C(CS3)SC4=NC(=CS4)C5=CC=[N+](C=C5)C)C(=O)[O-].CC(=O)O.O", ["Ceftaroline fosamil acetate monohydrate is a hydrate that is the monohydrate form of ceftaroline fosamil acetate. A prodrug for ceftaroline, used for the treatment of adults with acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections. It has a role as an antimicrobial agent, an antibacterial drug and a prodrug. It contains a ceftaroline fosamil acetate.", "Ceftaroline Fosamil is an N-phosphono prodrug of the fifth-generation cephalosporin derivative ceftaroline with antibacterial activity. Ceftaroline fosamil is hydrolyzed to the active form ceftaroline in vivo. Ceftaroline binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall. PBPs are enzymes involved in the terminal stages of assembling the bacterial cell wall and in reshaping the cell wall during growth and division. Inactivation of PBPs interferes with the cross-linkage of peptidoglycan chains necessary for bacterial cell wall strength and rigidity. This results in the weakening of the bacterial cell wall and causes cell lysis.", "Ceftaroline Fosamil Acetate is the acetic acid salt form of ceftaroline fosamil, an N-phosphono type prodrug of the fifth-generation cephalosporin derivative ceftaroline with antibacterial activity. Ceftaroline fosamil, when hydrolyzed to the active form ceftaroline, has a high affinity for penicillin binding protein 2a (PBP2a), which is associated with methicillin resistance. As a result, ceftaroline is unique in its activity against methicillin-resistant, vancomycin-intermediate, linezolid-resistant, and daptomycin-nonsusceptible strains."]], ["Thallous chloride TL-201", "Cl[201Tl]", ["((201)Tl)thallium monochloride is a thallium monochloride and an isotopically modified compound. It contains a thallium-201.", "Thallous Chloride Tl-201 is the chloride salt form of thallium-201, a cyclotron produced isotope use in diagnostic imaging. Thallous chloride TI-201 accumulates in myocardial cells and other tissues in an analogous way as potassium, and can be evaluated as a function of blood flow. By scintigraphic means, areas with decreased blood flow, consisting of ischemic cells, can be visualized due to decreased uptake of TI-201 in contrast to areas with normal blood flow."]], ["99mTc-Methylene diphosphonate", "C(P(=O)(O)O)P(=O)(O)O.C(P(=O)(O)O)P(=O)(O)O.O.O.[Tc]", ["A gamma-emitting radionuclide imaging agent used primarily in skeletal scintigraphy. Because of its absorption by a variety of tumors, it is useful for the detection of neoplasms."]], ["Gallium citrate Ga-68", "C(C(=O)[O-])C(CC(=O)[O-])(C(=O)[O-])O.[68Ga+3]", ["Gallium Ga 68 Citrate is a radiopharmaceutical citrate salt form of the positron-emitting radioisotope gallium Ga 68, with potential imaging activity upon positron emission tomography (PET). Upon administration of Gallium Ga 68 citrate, the gallium Ga 3+ ion dissociates from the weak citrate chelator. As Ga3+ is very similar to iron (Fe3+) in chemical properties, this ion acts as an iron analogue. Ga3+ binds to the iron-binding protein transferrin, distributes in blood, and enters and accumulates in the extracellular fluid space of inflamed or tumor-bearing tissue. In turn, the Ga3+-transferrin complex binds to transferrin receptors and is taken up by tumor cells. Tumor cells can then be imaged upon PET. Compared to healthy cells, tumor cells have increased iron metabolism and transferrin receptor expression. Increased Ga3+ uptake is seen in inflamed and infected tissues as well."]], ["Neuroprotectin D1", "CC/C=C\\C[C@@H](/C=C\\C=C\\C=C\\[C@@H](C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCC(=O)O)O)O", ["Protectin D1 is a dihydroxydocosahexaenoic acid that is (4Z,7Z,11E,13E,15Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoic acid in which the two hydroxy substituents are located at positions 10 and 17 (the 10R,17S-stereoisomer). Protectin D1 is one of the specialised proresolving mediators. When produced in neural tissues, it is called neuroprotectin D1 It has a role as an anti-inflammatory agent, a neuroprotective agent, a PPARgamma agonist, an apoptosis inhibitor, a hepatoprotective agent, a human xenobiotic metabolite and a specialised pro-resolving mediator. It is a dihydroxydocosahexaenoic acid, a secondary allylic alcohol and a protectin."]], ["Ethanaminium, 2-((hydroxy((18-(4-(iodo-131I)phenyl)octadecyl)oxy)phosphinyl)oxy)-N,N,N-trimethyl-, inner salt", "C[N+](C)(C)CCOP(=O)([O-])OCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC=C(C=C1)[131I]", ["Iopofosine I-131 (NM-404 I-131) is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01495663 (Dose Escalation Study of I-131-CLR1404 in Subjects With Cancer That Does Not Respond to Treatment or Has Returned).", "Iodine I 131 Iopofosine is a radioconjugate composed of iopofosine, a phospholipid ether analog, labeled with the radioactive isotope iodine I 131, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, iodine I 131 iopofosine selectively accumulates in and retains within tumor cells for a prolonged period of time due to the decreased activity of a phospholipase D (PLD) in tumor cells compared to normal cells, thereby delivering cytotoxic radiation specifically to tumor cells.  PLD is an enzyme found in the cell membrane of normal cells that degrades phospholipids."]], ["Raxatrigine", "C1C[C@H](N[C@H]1C2=CC=C(C=C2)OCC3=CC=CC=C3F)C(=O)N", ["Raxatrigine has been investigated for the treatment of Bipolar Disorder and Bipolar Depression."]], ["Rabacfosadine", "CCOC(=O)[C@H](C)NP(=O)(COCCN1C=NC2=C(N=C(N=C21)N)NC3CC3)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)OCC", ["Rabacfosadine has been used in trials studying the treatment of Multiple Myeloma, Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma, and Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia.", "Rabacfosadine is an acyclic nucleotide phosphonate prodrug and polymerase inhibitor that can potentially be used for its antineoplastic activity in the treatment of lymphoma in dogs. Upon administration, rabacfosadine is hydrolyzed intracellularly to 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)-N6-cyclopropyl-2, 6-diaminopurine (cPrPMEDAP) and subsequently deaminated to 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl) guanine (PMEG) and phosphorylated to PMEG diphosphate (PMEGpp). PMEGpp binds to and inhibits DNA polymerases. This inhibits DNA synthesis, resulting in S phase arrest and induction of apoptosis."]], ["Pentanoic acid, 4-(((1,1'-biphenyl)-4-ylcarbonyl)amino)-5-((2-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylethyl)amino)-5-oxo-, (4S)-", "CC(C)(CC1=CC=C(C=C1)F)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)O)NC(=O)C2=CC=C(C=C2)C3=CC=CC=C3", ["AGG-523 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT00380900 (Study Evaluating the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Multiple Ascending Doses in Healthy subjects and in subjects with osteoarthritis)."]], ["1-Benzyl-2,3-dimethylguanidinium sulfate", "CNC(=[NH+]C)NCC1=CC=CC=C1.CNC(=[NH+]C)NCC1=CC=CC=C1.[O-]S(=O)(=O)[O-]", ["Bethanidine sulfate is an alkylammonium sulfate. It has a role as an antihypertensive agent. It is functionally related to a bethanidine.", "A guanidinium antihypertensive agent that acts by blocking adrenergic transmission. The precise mode of action is not clear."]], ["S-Omeprazole strontium hydrate", "CC1=CN=C(C(=C1OC)C)C[S@](=O)C2=NC3=C([N-]2)C=CC(=C3)OC.CC1=CN=C(C(=C1OC)C)C[S@](=O)C2=NC3=C([N-]2)C=CC(=C3)OC.O.O.O.O.[Sr+2]", ["The S-isomer of omeprazole."]], ["Motolimod", "CCCN(CCC)C(=O)C1=CC2=C(C=C(C=C2)C3=CC=C(C=C3)C(=O)N4CCCC4)N=C(C1)N", ["Motolimod has been used in trials studying the treatment of Lymphoma, Tongue Cancer, Ovarian Cancer, Adult Solid Neoplasm, and Fallopian Tube Cancer, among others.", "Motolimod is a small-molecule Toll-like receptor 8 (TLR8) agonist with potential immunostimulating and antineoplastic activities. Motolimod binds to TLR8, present in cutaneous dendritic cells, monocytes/macrophages, and mast cells, which may result in the activation of the central transcription factor nuclear factor-B, the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and other mediators, and a Th1-weighted antitumoral cellular immune response. Primarily localized to endosomal membranes intracellularly, TLR8, like other TLRs, recognizes pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and plays a key role in the innate immune system."]], ["p-Aminosalicylic acid sodium salt dihydrate", "C1=CC(=C(C=C1N)O)C(=O)O.[Na+]", ["Aminosalicylate Sodium is the sodium salt form of aminosalicylic acid, an analog of para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) with antitubercular activity. Aminosalicylate sodium exerts its bacteriostatic activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis by competing with PABA for enzymes involved in folate synthesis, thereby suppressing growth and reproduction of M. tuberculosis, eventually leading to cell death."]], ["Betanidine sulfate", "CNC(=NC)NCC1=CC=CC=C1.CNC(=NC)NCC1=CC=CC=C1.OS(=O)(=O)O", ["A guanidinium antihypertensive agent that acts by blocking adrenergic transmission. The precise mode of action is not clear."]], ["MS Contin", "CN1CC[C@]23[C@@H]4[C@H]1CC5=C2C(=C(C=C5)O)O[C@H]3[C@H](C=C4)O.CN1CC[C@]23[C@@H]4[C@H]1CC5=C2C(=C(C=C5)O)O[C@H]3[C@H](C=C4)O.OS(=O)(=O)O", ["Morphine sulfate is an alkaloid sulfate salt. It contains a morphine.", "The principal alkaloid in opium and the prototype opiate analgesic and narcotic. Morphine has widespread effects in the central nervous system and on smooth muscle."]], ["(1R,9S,12S,13R,14S,17R,18E,21S,23S,24R,25S,27R)-12-[(E)-1-[(1R,3R,4R)-4-Chloro-3-methoxycyclohexyl]prop-1-en-2-yl]-17-ethyl-1,14-dihydroxy-23,25-dimethoxy-13,19,21,27-tetramethyl-11,28-dioxa-4-azatricyclo[22.3.1.04,9]octacos-18-ene-2,3,10,16-tetrone", "CC[C@@H]1/C=C(/C[C@@H](C[C@@H]([C@@H]2[C@H](C[C@H]([C@@](O2)(C(=O)C(=O)N3CCCC[C@H]3C(=O)O[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](CC1=O)O)C)/C(=C/[C@@H]4CC[C@H]([C@@H](C4)OC)Cl)/C)O)C)OC)OC)C)\\C", ["Pimecrolimus is a 33-epi-chloro-derivative of the ascomycin macrolactam with immunosuppressant property. Pimecrolimus binds to the receptor macrophilin-12 (FKBP-12) forming a complex that blocks the calcium-dependent signal transduction cascade mediated by calcineurin. Via dephosphorylation, calcineurin is the enzyme responsible for activating nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NF-AT), a T cell transcriptional regulatory factor. As a consequence, the synthesis and release of Th1- (T helper 1) and Th2- (T helper 2) type cytokines, and other inflammatory mediators from T-cells and mast cells are blocked and the expression of signals essential for the activation of inflammatory T-lymphocytes is inhibited. However, pimecrolimus mode of action is cell-selective and does not affect Langerhans' cells/dendritic cells and primary fibroblasts."]], ["(1S,2R,18R,19R,22S,25R,28R,40R)-48-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3-[(2S,4S,6S)-4-amino-5-hydroxy-4,6-dimethyloxan-2-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-22-(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-5,15-dichloro-2,18,32,35,37-pentahydroxy-19-[[(2R)-4-methyl-2-(methylamino)pentanoyl]amino]-20,23,26,42,44-pentaoxo-7,13-dioxa-21,24,27,41,43-pentazaoctacyclo[26.14.2.23,6.214,17.18,12.129,33.010,25.034,39]pentaconta-3,5,8(48),9,11,14,16,29(45),30,32,34(39),35,37,46,49-pentadecaene-40-carboxylic acid;hydrochloride", "C[C@H]1C([C@@](C[C@@H](O1)O[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O[C@H]2OC3=C4C=C5C=C3OC6=C(C=C(C=C6)[C@H]([C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@H]5C(=O)N[C@@H]7C8=CC(=C(C=C8)O)C9=C(C=C(C=C9O)O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H]([C@@H](C1=CC(=C(O4)C=C1)Cl)O)NC7=O)C(=O)O)CC(=O)N)NC(=O)[C@@H](CC(C)C)NC)O)Cl)CO)O)O)(C)N)O.Cl", ["Vancomycin hydrochloride is an antibacterial prescription medicine approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of certain bacterial infections, such as infections caused by Clostridium difficile and Staphylococcus aureus.", "Vancomycin Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt of vancomycin, a branched tricyclic glycosylated peptide with bactericidal activity against most organisms and bacteriostatic effect on enterococci. At a site different from that of penicillins and cephalosporins, vancomycin binds tightly to the D-alanyl-D-alanine portion of cell wall precursors, thereby interfering with bacterial cell wall synthesis. This leads to activation of bacterial autolysins that destroy the cell wall by lysis. Vancomycin may also alter the permeability of bacterial cytoplasmic membranes and may selectively inhibit RNA synthesis.", "Antibacterial obtained from Streptomyces orientalis. It is a glycopeptide related to RISTOCETIN that inhibits bacterial cell wall assembly and is toxic to kidneys and the inner ear."]], ["Streptomycin sulphate", "C[C@H]1[C@@]([C@H]([C@@H](O1)O[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]2O)O)N=C(N)N)O)N=C(N)N)O[C@H]3[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O3)CO)O)O)NC)(C=O)O.OS(=O)(=O)O", ["An antibiotic produced by the soil actinomycete Streptomyces griseus. It acts by inhibiting the initiation and elongation processes during protein synthesis."]], ["Betazole hydrochloride", "C1=C(NN=C1)CCN.Cl", ["Betazole Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of betazole, a histamine H2 receptor agonist with diagnostic application. Betazole selectively targets and binds to the H2 receptor, thereby mimicking the effect of histamine on these receptors. This may lead to an increase in gastric secretions. Betazole can be used in gastric function tests."]], ["Oragrafin Sodium", "CN(C)C=NC1=C(C=C(C(=C1I)CCC(=O)O)I)I.[Na+]", ["Ionic monomeric contrast media. Usually the sodium or calcium salts are used for examination of the gall bladder and biliary tract. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p704)"]], ["Clindamycin palmitate hydrochloride", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@H]([C@H](O[C@@H]1SC)[C@@H]([C@H](C)Cl)NC(=O)[C@@H]2C[C@H](CN2C)CCC)O)O.Cl", ["Clindamycin palmitate hydrochloride is a S-glycosyl compound.", "Clindamycin Palmitate Hydrochloride is the palmitate hydrochloride form of clindamycin, a semi-synthetic, chlorinated broad spectrum antibiotic produced by chemical modification of lincomycin. Clindamycin palmitate hydrochloride is used for oral suspension."]], ["Clindamycin palmitate", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@H]([C@H](O[C@@H]1SC)[C@@H]([C@H](C)Cl)NC(=O)[C@@H]2C[C@H](CN2C)CCC)O)O", ["Clindamycin palmitate is a S-glycosyl compound."]], ["Hydroxycobalamin", "CC1=CC2=C(C=C1C)N(C=N2)[C@@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O3)CO)OP(=O)([O-])O[C@H](C)CNC(=O)CC[C@@]\\4([C@H]([C@@H]5[C@]6([C@@]([C@@H](C(=N6)/C(=C\\7/[C@@]([C@@H](C(=N7)/C=C\\8/C([C@@H](C(=N8)/C(=C4\\[N-]5)/C)CCC(=O)N)(C)C)CCC(=O)N)(C)CC(=O)N)/C)CCC(=O)N)(C)CC(=O)N)C)CC(=O)N)C)O.O.[Co+2]", ["Hydroxocobalamin is a synthetic form of vitamin B12 that can be used as a dietary supplement to treat vitamin B12 deficiency. Upon administration, hydroxocobalamin mimics vitamin B12 and acts as an essential cofactor in various cellular reactions required for cell growth and replication, and hematopoiesis.", "Injectable form of VITAMIN B 12 that has been used therapeutically to treat VITAMIN B 12 DEFICIENCY."]], ["3-Pyridazinamine, N-(1-((3,4-difluorophenyl)methyl)-4-piperidinyl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)-", "C1CN(CCC1NC2=NN=C(C=C2)C(F)(F)F)CC3=CC(=C(C=C3)F)F", ["JNJ-37822681 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Schizophrenia."]], ["Zalypsis", "CC1=CC2=C([C@@H]3[C@@H]4CC5=C(C(=C6C(=C5[C@@H](N4[C@H]([C@H](C2)N3C)O)CNC(=O)/C=C/C7=CC(=CC=C7)C(F)(F)F)OCO6)C)OC(=O)C)C(=C1OC)O", ["Zalypsis has been used in trials studying the treatment of Lymphoma, Solid Tumors, Ewing's Sarcoma, Endometrial Cancer, and Uterine Cervical Cancer, among others.", "Synthetic Alkaloid PM00104 is a synthetic alkaloid compound, related to natural alkaloid compounds, found in molluscs (jorumycin) and sponges (renieramycins), with potential antineoplastic activity. PM00104 reversibly binds to DNA, thereby inducing cytotoxicity due to its interference with DNA replication, transcription, and translation processes. DNA binding by this agent does not trigger DNA damage checkpoint responses, hence PM00104 demonstrates a manageable and reversible cytotoxicity as part of its antitumor activity."]], ["Bavisant", "C1CC1N2CCN(CC2)C(=O)C3=CC=C(C=C3)CN4CCOCC4", ["Bavisant has been used in trials studying the basic science and treatment of Alcoholism, Pharmacokinetics, Drug Interactions, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, and Attention Deficit Disorders With Hyperactivity."]], ["Radotinib", "CC1=C(C=C(C=C1)C(=O)NC2=CC(=CC(=C2)C(F)(F)F)N3C=C(N=C3)C)NC4=NC=CC(=N4)C5=NC=CN=C5", ["Radotinib is under investigation for the treatment of Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive."]], ["1-Azetidinepentanamide, 3-(3-hydroxyphenoxy)-delta,delta-dimethyl-alpha,alpha-diphenyl-", "CC(C)(CCC(C1=CC=CC=C1)(C2=CC=CC=C2)C(=O)N)N3CC(C3)OC4=CC=CC(=C4)O", ["Pf03635659 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease."]], ["Elinogrel", "CNC1=C(C=C2C(=C1)NC(=O)N(C2=O)C3=CC=C(C=C3)NC(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C4=CC=C(S4)Cl)F", ["A P2Y12 inhibitor and platelet aggregation inhibitor."]], ["avenic acid A", "C(CNC(CCO)C(=O)O)C(C(=O)O)NCCC(C(=O)O)O", ["Avenic acid A is a tricarboxylic acid. It has a role as an iron(3+) chelator.", "avenic acid A is a natural product found in Avena sativa with data available."]], ["Aderbasib", "COC(=O)N1CC2(CC2)C[C@@H]([C@H]1C(=O)N3CCN(CC3)C4=CC=CC=C4)C(=O)NO", ["INCB7839 is a novel, orally available ADAM metalloprotease inhibitor that is designed to block activation of the epidermal growth factor (EGFR) pathways. It represents a potentially important new class of targeted breast cancer therapy. It has shown promising clinical activity in heavily pretreated, refractory breast cancer patients.", "Aderbasib is an orally bioavailable inhibitor of the ADAM (A Disintegrin And Metalloprotease) family of multifunctional membrane-bound proteins with potential antineoplastic activity. Aderbasib represses the metalloproteinase 'sheddase' activities of ADAM10 and ADAM17, which may result in the inhibition of tumor cell proliferation. The metalloproteinase domains of ADAMs cleave cell surface proteins at extracellular sites proximal to the cell membrane, releasing or \"\"shedding\"\" soluble protein etcodomains from the cell surface; the disintegrin domains of these multifunctional proteins interact with various components of the extracellular matrix (ECM). ADAM10 processes particular epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR) ligands and appears to regulate Notch signaling through the cleavage of Notch and its related ligand delta-like ligand-1 (Dll-1). ADAM17 (also known as Tumor necrosis factor-Converting Enzyme or TACE) is involved in processing tumor necrosis factor (TNF) from its membrane bound precursor to its soluble circulating form and in processing ligands for the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family."]], ["Cerlapirdine", "CN(C)CCCOC1=CC2=C(NN=C2C=C1)S(=O)(=O)C3=CC=CC4=CC=CC=C43", ["Cerlapirdine has been investigated for the treatment of Alzheimer Disease."]], ["Seconal sodium", "CCCC(C)C1(C(=O)NC(=O)NC1=O)CC=C.[Na+]", ["A barbiturate that is used as a sedative. Secobarbital is reported to have no anti-anxiety activity."]], ["2-(3-Amino-6-chloroquinolin-2-yl)propan-2-ol", "CC(C)(C1=C(C=C2C=C(C=CC2=N1)Cl)N)O", ["Reproxalap (previously ADX 102 or NS-2) is a small molecule inhibitor being developed by Aldeyra Therapeutics investigated against dry eye disease, allergic conjunctivitis, noninfectious anterior uveitis, and Sj\u00f6gren-Larsson syndrome. NS-2 has orphan drug status due to it being investigated for treatment of Sjogren-Larsson syndrome."]], ["Methylnaltrexone bromide, (17S)-", "C[N@+]1(CC[C@]23[C@@H]4C(=O)CC[C@]2([C@H]1CC5=C3C(=C(C=C5)O)O4)O)CC6CC6.[Br-]", ["Methylnaltrexone Bromide is the bromide salt form of methylnaltrexone, a methyl derivative of noroxymorphone with selective, peripherally-acting mu-opioid receptor antagonistic activity. Methylnaltrexone displaces opioids from peripheral opioid receptors in the gastrointestinal tract, the bladder, and the skin, thereby reversing the opioid-related peripheral side-effects, such as constipation, urinary retention, and pruritis, respectively. Unlike naltrexone and due to the presence of a positively charged nitrogen atom in methylnaltrexone, this agent does not cross the blood-brain barrier and does not affect the centrally-mediated analgesic effect of opioids."]], ["Relistor", "C[N@@+]1(CC[C@]23[C@@H]4C(=O)CC[C@]2([C@H]1CC5=C3C(=C(C=C5)O)O4)O)CC6CC6.[Br-]", ["Methylnaltrexone Bromide is the bromide salt form of methylnaltrexone, a methyl derivative of noroxymorphone with selective, peripherally-acting mu-opioid receptor antagonistic activity. Methylnaltrexone displaces opioids from peripheral opioid receptors in the gastrointestinal tract, the bladder, and the skin, thereby reversing the opioid-related peripheral side-effects, such as constipation, urinary retention, and pruritis, respectively. Unlike naltrexone and due to the presence of a positively charged nitrogen atom in methylnaltrexone, this agent does not cross the blood-brain barrier and does not affect the centrally-mediated analgesic effect of opioids."]], ["Methylnaltrexone cation", "C[N@@+]1(CC[C@]23[C@@H]4C(=O)CC[C@]2([C@H]1CC5=C3C(=C(C=C5)O)O4)O)CC6CC6", ["Methylnaltrexone is a pheriphally-acting \u03bc-opioid antagonist that acts on the gastrointestinal tract to decrease opioid-induced constipation without producing analgesic effects or withdrawal symptoms. It is also a weak CYP2D6 inhibitor. FDA approved in 2008.", "Methylnaltrexone is an Opioid Antagonist. The mechanism of action of methylnaltrexone is as an Opioid Antagonist.", "Methylnaltrexone is a methyl derivative of noroxymorphone with selective, opioid-receptor antagonistic activity. Methylnaltrexone displaces opioids from peripheral opioid receptors in the gastrointestinal tract, the bladder, and the skin, resulting in decreases in opioid-related constipation, urinary retention, and pruritis, respectively. Methylnaltrexone does not cross the blood-brain barrier and does not affect the centrally-mediated analgesic effect of opioids."]], ["Centanafadine", "C1[C@H]2[C@@]1(CNC2)C3=CC4=CC=CC=C4C=C3", ["Centanafadine is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02827513 (A Phase 1 Study to Investigate the Safety, Tolerance, Food Effect, Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Single and Multiple Doses of Extended Release Formulations of Centanafadine (CTN) in Young Healthy Subjects)."]], ["Motesanib diphosphate", "CC1(CNC2=C1C=CC(=C2)NC(=O)C3=C(N=CC=C3)NCC4=CC=NC=C4)C.OP(=O)(O)O.OP(=O)(O)O", ["Motesanib Diphosphate is the orally bioavailable diphosphate salt of a multiple-receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor with potential antineoplastic activity. Motesanib selectively targets and inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGFR), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGFR), kit, and Ret receptors, thereby inhibiting angiogenesis and cellular proliferation."]], ["(1R,3S,5S,7R,8E,12R,14E,16E,18E,20E,22R,24S,25R,26S)-22-[(2R,3S,4S,5S,6R)-4-amino-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-1,3,26-trihydroxy-12-methyl-10-oxo-6,11,28-trioxatricyclo[22.3.1.05,7]octacosa-8,14,16,18,20-pentaene-25-carboxylic acid", "C[C@@H]1C/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/[C@@H](C[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H](C[C@](O2)(C[C@H](C[C@H]3[C@H](O3)/C=C/C(=O)O1)O)O)O)C(=O)O)O[C@H]4[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O4)C)O)N)O", ["Natamycin is a polyene amphoteric macrolide antibiotic with antifungal properties. Natamycin exerts its antifungal effects by binding to sterols in the fungal cell membrane thereby increasing membrane permeability. This leads to a leakage and loss of essential cellular constituents. Following ocular application, natamycin is retained in the conjunctival fornices and attains effective concentrations within the corneal stroma where it exerts its effect.", "Amphoteric macrolide antifungal antibiotic from Streptomyces natalensis or S. chattanoogensis. It is used for a variety of fungal infections, mainly topically."]], ["(1,1'-Biphenyl)-2-carboxylic acid, 3-chloro-3'-fluoro-4'-((1R)-1-(((1-((trifluoroacetyl)amino)cyclopropyl)carbonyl)amino)ethyl)-, methyl ester", "C[C@H](C1=C(C=C(C=C1)C2=C(C(=CC=C2)Cl)C(=O)OC)F)NC(=O)C3(CC3)NC(=O)C(F)(F)F", ["MK0686 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Osteoarthritis, Pain, Postoperative, and Neuralgia, Postherpetic."]], ["Ivaltinostat", "CN(C)CCCNC(=O)/C(=C/CCCCC(=O)NO)/COC1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21", ["Cg200745 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Solid Tumour.", "Ivaltinostat is a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor with potential antineoplastic activity. Ivaltinosta tinhibits the catalytic activity of HDAC, resulting in an accumulation of highly acetylated chromatin histones, followed by the induction of chromatin remodeling and an altered pattern of gene expression. In particular, this agent enhances the histone acetylation of the tumor suppressor gene p53. This results in an accumulation of p53, p53-dependent transactivation and apoptosis in tumor cells. HDAC, an enzyme upregulated in many tumor types, deacetylates chromatin histone proteins."]], ["Golvatinib", "CN1CCN(CC1)C2CCN(CC2)C(=O)NC3=NC=CC(=C3)OC4=CC(=C(C=C4)NC(=O)C5(CC5)C(=O)NC6=CC=C(C=C6)F)F", ["Golvatinib is an aromatic ether.", "Golvatinib has been investigated for the treatment of Platinum-Resistant Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck.", "Golvatinib is an orally bioavailable dual kinase inhibitor of c-Met (hepatocyte growth factor receptor) and VEGFR-2 (vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2) tyrosine kinases with potential antineoplastic activity. c-Met/VEGFR kinase inhibitor E7050 binds to and inhibits the activities of both c-Met and VEGFR-2, which may inhibit tumor cell growth and survival of tumor cells that overexpress these receptor tyrosine kinases. c-Met and VEGFR-2 are upregulated in a variety of tumor cell types and play important roles in tumor cell growth, migration and angiogenesis."]], ["H3 receptor antagonist 1", "CC(C)CNC(=O)C1CC(C1)(C2=CC(=C(C=C2)CN3CCCC3)F)F", ["PF-03654764 has been used in trials studying the basic science and treatment of Allergic Rhinitis."]], ["N-ethyl-3-fluoro-3-[3-fluoro-4-(pyrrolidin-1-ylmethyl)phenyl]cyclobutane-1-carboxamide", "CCNC(=O)C1CC(C1)(C2=CC(=C(C=C2)CN3CCCC3)F)F", ["PF-03654746 has been investigated for the treatment of Narcolepsy, Schizophrenia, Tourette's Syndrome, and Excessive Daytime Sleepiness."]], ["Unii-vuw370O5QE", "CC[C@H](C)C[C@H](C)CCCCCCCCC(=O)N[C@H]1C[C@H]([C@H](NC(=O)[C@@H]2[C@H](CCN2C(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H]3C[C@H](CN3C(=O)[C@@H](NC1=O)[C@@H](C)O)O)[C@@H]([C@H](C4=CC=C(C=C4)O)O)O)[C@@H](CCN)O)O)NCCN)O.CC(=O)O.CC(=O)O", ["Caspofungin Acetate is the acetate salt of an antimycotic echinocandin lipopeptide, semisynthetically derived from a fermentation product of the fungus Glarea lozoyensis. Caspofungin inhibits 1,3-beta-glucan synthase, resulting in decreased synthesis of beta(1,3)-D-glucan (an essential component of the fungal cell wall), weakening of the fungal cell wall, and fungal cell wall rupture. This agent is active against Aspergillus and Candida species.", "A cyclic lipopeptide echinocandin and beta-(1,3)-D-glucan synthase inhibitor that is used to treat internal or systemic MYCOSES."]], ["Cancidas", "CC[C@H](C)C[C@H](C)CCCCCCCCC(=O)N[C@H]1C[C@H]([C@H](NC(=O)[C@@H]2[C@H](CCN2C(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H]3C[C@H](CN3C(=O)[C@@H](NC1=O)[C@@H](C)O)O)[C@@H]([C@H](C4=CC=C(C=C4)O)O)O)[C@@H](CCN)O)O)NCCN)O", ["Caspofungin is an Echinocandin Antifungal.", "Caspofungin is an antimycotic echinocandin lipopeptide, semisynthetically derived from a fermentation product of the fungus Glarea lozoyensis. Caspofungin inhibits 1,3-beta-glucan synthase, resulting in decreased synthesis of beta(1,3)-D-glucan (an essential component of the fungal cell wall), weakening of the fungal cell wall, and fungal cell wall rupture. This agent is active against Aspergillus and Candida species.", "A cyclic lipopeptide echinocandin and beta-(1,3)-D-glucan synthase inhibitor that is used to treat internal or systemic MYCOSES."]], ["Mericitabine", "CC(C)C(=O)OC[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@@]([C@@H](O1)N2C=CC(=NC2=O)N)(C)F)OC(=O)C(C)C", ["Mericitabine has been investigated for the treatment of Hepatitis C, Chronic.   Mericitabine is a polymerase inhibitor being developed for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C. Mericitabine is a prodrug of PSI-6130, which demonstrated excellent potency in preclinical studies. PSI-6130 is a pyrimidine nucleoside analog inhibitor of HCV RNA polymerase, an enzyme that is necessary for hepatitis C viral replication.", "Mericitabine is an orally available prodrug of PSI-6130 which is a selective cytidine nucleoside analogue and non-cytotoxic hepatitis C virus (HCV) polymerase inhibitor. After intracellular uptake, mericitabine is phosphorylated into two active triphosphate metabolites, which disable HCV RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (non-structural protein 5B; NS5B) upon binding. This results in the blockage of viral HCV RNA production and thus viral replication. This agent has a high barrier to resistance, however, a substitution mutation (S282T) on HCV NS5B impairs mericitabine's activity significantly."]], ["Pefcalcitol", "C[C@@H](C1=CC[C@@H]\\2[C@@]1(CCC/C2=C\\C=C/3\\C[C@H](C[C@@H](C3=C)O)O)C)OCC(=O)NCC(C(F)(F)F)(F)F", ["Pefcalcitol has been investigated for the basic science of Psoriasis."]], ["Voxtalisib", "CCN1C2=NC(=NC(=C2C=C(C1=O)C3=CC=NN3)C)N", ["2-amino-8-ethyl-4-methyl-6-(1H-pyrazol-5-yl)-7-pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidinone is a pyrazolopyridine.", "Voxtalisib has been used in trials studying the treatment of Cancer, Melanoma, Lymphoma, Glioblastoma, and Breast Cancer, among others.", "Voxtalisib is an orally bioavailable small molecule targeting the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinases in the PI3K/mTOR signaling pathway, with potential antineoplastic activity. Voxtalisib inhibits both PI3K kinase and mTOR kinase, which may result in tumor cell apoptosis and growth inhibition in susceptible tumor cell populations. Activation of the PI3K/mTOR pathway promotes cell growth, survival, and resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy; mTOR, a serine/threonine kinase downstream of PI3K, may also be activated in a PI3K-independent fashion in response to nutrient and energy deprivation. Accordingly, this agent maybe more potent compared to an agent that inhibits either PI3K kinase or mTOR kinase alone."]], ["5-(3-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)-3,8-dimethyl-N-(1-methylpiperidin-4-yl)-9H-pyrido[2,3-b]indole-7-carboxamide", "CCS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC(=C1)C2=CC(=C(C3=C2C4=C(N3)N=CC(=C4)C)C)C(=O)NC5CCN(CC5)C", ["TAK-901 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Lymphoma, Myelofibrosis, Multiple Myeloma, Myeloid Metaplasia, and Advanced Solid Tumors, among others.", "Aurora B Serine/Threonine Kinase Inhibitor TAK-901 is a small-molecule inhibitor of the serine-threonine kinase Aurora B with potential antineoplastic activity. Aurora B kinase inhibitor TAK-901 binds to and inhibits the activity of Aurora B, which may result in a decrease in the proliferation of tumor cells that overexpress Aurora B. Aurora B is a positive regulator of mitosis that functions in the attachment of the mitotic spindle to the centromere; the segregation of sister chromatids to each daughter cell; and the separation of daughter cells during cytokinesis. This serine/threonine kinase may be amplified and overexpressed by a variety of cancer cell types."]], ["Tecovirimat", "C1[C@@H]2[C@H]1[C@@H]3C=C[C@H]2[C@@H]4[C@H]3C(=O)N(C4=O)NC(=O)C5=CC=C(C=C5)C(F)(F)F", ["Tecovirimat is an antiviral prescription medicine approved by the U.S.  Food and Drug Administration(FDA) for the treatment of smallpox in adults and children.", "The World Health Organization declared smallpox, a contagious and sometimes fatal infectious disease, eradicated in 1980. However, there have been longstanding concerns that smallpox may be used as a bioweapon. Tecovirimat is an antiviral drug that was identified via a high-throughput screen in 2002. It is effective against all orthopoxviruses, including vaccinia, cowpox, ectromelia, rabbitpox, monkeypox, and Variola (smallpox) virus.  Tecovirimat was approved by the FDA in July 2018 as the first drug ever approved to treat smallpox. Tecovirimat was later approved by Health Canada in December 2021, followed by the approval from the European Commission in January 2022. Other than smallpox, tecovirimat is also indicated to treat complications due to replication of the vaccinia virus following vaccination against smallpox, and to treat monkeypox and cowpox in adults and children. Tecovirimat is available as both oral and intravenous formulations.", "Tecovirimat is an Orthopoxvirus VP37 Envelope Wrapping Protein Inhibitor. The mechanism of action of tecovirimat is as a Cytochrome P450 3A Inducer, and Cytochrome P450 2C8 Inhibitor, and Cytochrome P450 2C19 Inhibitor, and Breast Cancer Resistance Protein Inhibitor.", "Tecovirimat is an orally available antiviral agent with activity against smallpox and other orthoviruses that is approved for use against smallpox virus (variola) infection in humans and has been used on a compassionate use basis disseminated vaccinia and monkeypox (now renamed \u201cmpox\u201d) infection. Tecovirimat therapy has not been linked to serum aminotransferase elevations or to instances of clinically apparent liver injury.", "Tecovirimat is an orally available small molecule with activity against orthopoxviruses. Tecovirimat is an inhibitor of viral p37 and blocks the ability of virus particles to be released from infected cells."]], ["PCI-32765 Racemate", "C=CC(=O)N1CCCC(C1)N2C3=NC=NC(=C3C(=N2)C4=CC=C(C=C4)OC5=CC=CC=C5)N", ["1-[3-[4-amino-3-(4-phenoxyphenyl)-1-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidinyl]-1-piperidinyl]-2-propen-1-one is an aromatic ether."]], ["Methyl (2-((R)-(3-chlorophenyl)((R)-1-(((S)-2-(methylamino)-3-((R)-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)propyl)carbamoyl)piperidin-3-yl)methoxy)ethyl)carbamate", "CN[C@@H](C[C@H]1CCCOC1)CNC(=O)N2CCC[C@H](C2)[C@H](C3=CC(=CC=C3)Cl)OCCNC(=O)OC", ["VTP-27999 has been used in trials studying the basic science of Renal Function."]], ["Dm-CHOC-pen", "C[C@H](CCCC(C)C)[C@H]1CC[C@@H]2[C@@]1(CC[C@H]3[C@H]2CC=C4[C@@]3(CC[C@@H](C4)OC(=O)OC5=C(C(=NC(=C5Cl)OC)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl)Cl)C)C", ["4-demethyl-4-cholesteryloxycarbonylpenclomedine is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01048008 (Study of 4-Demethylcholesteryloxycarbonylpenclomedine (DM-CHOC-PEN) in Patients With Advanced Cancer).", "Mipicoledine is a cholesterol carbonate derivative of 4-demethylpenclomedine (DM-PEN) with potential antineoplastic alkylating activity. Upon intravenous administration of mipicoledine, the carbonium moiety binds to and alkylates DNA at the N7 guanine position, thereby causing DNA crosslinks. This prevents DNA replication, inhibits cellular proliferation and triggers apoptosis. In addition, due to its lipophilic cholesteryl moiety this agent is able to cross the blood brain barrier (BBB) and therefore can be given intravenously compared to other alkylating agents that need to be given intra-cranially."]], ["Teichomycin", "CCCCCCCCCC(=O)N[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O[C@H]1OC2=C3C=C4C=C2OC5=C(C=C(C=C5)[C@H]([C@H]6C(=O)N[C@H](C7=C(C(=CC(=C7)O)O[C@@H]8[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O8)CO)O)O)O)C9=C(C=CC(=C9)[C@H](C(=O)N6)NC(=O)[C@@H]4NC(=O)[C@@H]1C2=CC(=CC(=C2)OC2=C(C=CC(=C2)[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@H](CC2=CC(=C(O3)C=C2)Cl)C(=O)N1)N)O)O)O)C(=O)O)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O1)CO)O)O)NC(=O)C)Cl)CO)O)O", ["Lipoglycopeptide antibiotic from Actinoplanes teichomyceticus active against gram-positive bacteria. It consists of five major components each with a different fatty acid moiety."]], ["Punicalagin", "C1C2C(C3C(C(O2)O)OC(=O)C4=CC(=C(C(=C4C5=C(C(=C(C=C5C(=O)O3)O)O)O)O)O)O)OC(=O)C6=CC(=C(C(=C6C7=C(C(=C8C9=C7C(=O)OC2=C(C(=C(C3=C(C(=C(C=C3C(=O)O1)O)O)O)C(=C92)C(=O)O8)O)O)O)O)O)O)O", ["Punicalagin is a natural product found in Terminalia chebula and Punica granatum with data available."]], ["Tannic acid (TN)", "C1=C(C=C(C(=C1O)O)O)C(=O)OC2=CC(=CC(=C2O)O)C(=O)OCC3C(C(C(C(O3)OC(=O)C4=CC(=C(C(=C4)OC(=O)C5=CC(=C(C(=C5)O)O)O)O)O)OC(=O)C6=CC(=C(C(=C6)OC(=O)C7=CC(=C(C(=C7)O)O)O)O)O)OC(=O)C8=CC(=C(C(=C8)OC(=O)C9=CC(=C(C(=C9)O)O)O)O)O)OC(=O)C1=CC(=C(C(=C1)OC(=O)C1=CC(=C(C(=C1)O)O)O)O)O", ["Tannic acid is a light yellow to tan solid with a faint odor. Sinks and mixes with water. (USCG, 1999)", "Gallotannin is a natural product found in Terminalia chebula and Achillea millefolium var. borealis with data available."]], ["Tannic Acid", "C1=C(C=C(C(=C1O)O)O)C(=O)OC2=CC(=CC(=C2O)O)C(=O)OC[C@@H]3[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](C(O3)OC(=O)C4=CC(=C(C(=C4)OC(=O)C5=CC(=C(C(=C5)O)O)O)O)O)OC(=O)C6=CC(=C(C(=C6)OC(=O)C7=CC(=C(C(=C7)O)O)O)O)O)OC(=O)C8=CC(=C(C(=C8)OC(=O)C9=CC(=C(C(=C9)O)O)O)O)O)OC(=O)C1=CC(=C(C(=C1)OC(=O)C1=CC(=C(C(=C1)O)O)O)O)O", ["Tannic acid is a light yellow to tan solid with a faint odor. Sinks and mixes with water. (USCG, 1999)", "Tannic acid is a gallotannin obtained by acylation of the five hydroxy groups of D-glucose by 3,4-dihydroxy-5-[(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyl)oxy]benzoic acid (a gallic acid dimer). It has a role as a carcinogenic agent, a metabolite and a geroprotector. It is a gallotannin, a D-glucoside and a monosaccharide derivative. It is functionally related to a gallic acid.", "Tannic acid is a polyphenolic compound. It is a type of the commercially available tannins. It acts as a weak acid. Tannic acid is found in the nutgalls formed by insects on twigs of certain oak trees (Quercus infectoria and other Quercus species). It is removed and used as medicine. In the old days it was used as antidote against different poisons.  Nowadays, tannic acid is applied topically for the treatment of cold sores, diaper rash, fever blisters and poison ivy. Tannic acid is also taken by mouth and applied directly for bleeding, chronic diarrhea, dysentery, bloody urine, painful joints, persistent coughs, and cancer.", "See also: Tannoform (monomer of)."]], ["(1S,2R,19R,22R,34S,37R,40R,52R)-2-[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-acetamido-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-22-amino-5,15-dichloro-64-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-(decanoylamino)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-26,31,44,49-tetrahydroxy-21,35,38,54,56,59-hexaoxo-47-[(2R,3S,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-7,13,28-trioxa-20,36,39,53,55,58-hexazaundecacyclo[38.14.2.23,6.214,17.219,34.18,12.123,27.129,33.141,45.010,37.046,51]hexahexaconta-3,5,8,10,12(64),14,16,23(61),24,26,29(60),30,32,41(57),42,44,46(51),47,49,62,65-henicosaene-52-carboxylic acid", "CCCCCCCCCC(=O)N[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O[C@H]1OC2=C3C=C4C=C2OC5=C(C=C(C=C5)[C@H]([C@H]6C(=O)N[C@H](C7=C(C(=CC(=C7)O)O[C@@H]8[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O8)CO)O)O)O)C9=C(C=CC(=C9)[C@H](C(=O)N6)NC(=O)[C@@H]4NC(=O)[C@@H]1C2=CC(=CC(=C2)OC2=C(C=CC(=C2)[C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](CC2=CC(=C(O3)C=C2)Cl)C(=O)N1)N)O)O)O)C(=O)O)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O1)CO)O)O)NC(=O)C)Cl)CO)O)O", ["Lipoglycopeptide antibiotic from Actinoplanes teichomyceticus active against gram-positive bacteria. It consists of five major components each with a different fatty acid moiety."]], ["Teichomycin A2", "CCCCC/C=C/CCC(=O)NC1C(C(C(OC1OC2=C3C=C4C=C2OC5=C(C=C(C=C5)C(C6C(=O)NC(C7=C(C(=CC(=C7)O)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)CO)O)O)O)C9=C(C=CC(=C9)C(C(=O)N6)NC(=O)C4NC(=O)C1C2=CC(=C(C(=C2)OC2=C(C=CC(=C2)C(C(=O)NC(C(C2=CC(=C(O3)C=C2)Cl)O)C(=O)N1)N)O)C)O)O)C(=O)OC)OC1C(C(C(C(O1)CO)O)O)NC(=O)C)Cl)CO)O)O", ["Lipoglycopeptide antibiotic from Actinoplanes teichomyceticus active against gram-positive bacteria. It consists of five major components each with a different fatty acid moiety."]], ["Pharmakon1600-01504105", "C1=C(C=C(C(=C1O)O)O)C(=O)OC2=CC(=CC(=C2O)O)C(=O)OC[C@@H]3[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](O3)OC(=O)C4=CC(=C(C(=C4)OC(=O)C5=CC(=C(C(=C5)O)O)O)O)O)OC(=O)C6=CC(=C(C(=C6)OC(=O)C7=CC(=C(C(=C7)O)O)O)O)O)OC(=O)C8=CC(=C(C(=C8)OC(=O)C9=CC(=C(C(=C9)O)O)O)O)O)OC(=O)C1=CC(=C(C(=C1)OC(=O)C1=CC(=C(C(=C1)O)O)O)O)O", ["Tannic acid is a light yellow to tan solid with a faint odor. Sinks and mixes with water. (USCG, 1999)"]], ["Zeven", "CC(C)CCCCCCCCC(=O)N[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O[C@H]1OC2=C3C=C4C=C2OC5=C(C=C(C=C5)[C@H]([C@H]6C(=O)N[C@H](C7=C(C(=CC(=C7)O)O[C@@H]8[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O8)CO)O)O)O)C9=C(C=CC(=C9)[C@H](C(=O)N6)NC(=O)[C@@H]4NC(=O)[C@@H]1C2=C(C(=CC(=C2)OC2=C(C=CC(=C2)[C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](CC2=CC=C(O3)C=C2)C(=O)N1)NC)O)O)Cl)O)C(=O)NCCCN(C)C)O)Cl)C(=O)O)O)O", ["Dalbavancin is a second-generation, semi-synthetic lipoglycopeptide antibiotic, with bactericidal activity against a variety of gram-positive bacteria. Upon administration, dalbavancin binds, at a site different from that of penicillins and cephalosporins, tightly to the D-alanyl-D-alanine portion of peptidoglycan chains, thereby preventing peptidoglycan elongation and interfering with bacterial cell wall synthesis. This leads to activation of bacterial autolysins and induces cell wall lysis."]], ["Rimiducid", "CC[C@@H](C1=CC(=C(C(=C1)OC)OC)OC)C(=O)N2CCCC[C@H]2C(=O)O[C@H](CCC3=CC(=C(C=C3)OC)OC)C4=CC(=CC=C4)OCC(=O)NCCNC(=O)COC5=CC=CC(=C5)[C@@H](CCC6=CC(=C(C=C6)OC)OC)OC(=O)[C@@H]7CCCCN7C(=O)[C@@H](CC)C8=CC(=C(C(=C8)OC)OC)OC", ["Rimiducid is a lipid-permeable tacrolimus analogue and a protein dimerizer. It was designed to overcome limitations of current cellular immunotherapies used for cancer and other blood disorders by enhancing the control of the immune cell activity and function. When administered via chemically-inducible dimerization (CID) technologies, rimiducid binds to switch proteins and dimerizes them, triggering downstream signaling cascade. The combination use of rimiducid with immunotherapies for enhanced therapeutic effectiveness is currently under investigation.", "Rimiducid is a lipid-permeable tacrolimus analogue with homodimerizing activity. Dimerizer drug AP1903 homodimerizes an analogue of human protein FKBP12 (Fv) which contains a single acid substitution (Phe36Val) so that AP1903 binds to wild-type FKBP12 with 1000-fold lower affinity. This agent is used to homodimerize the Fv-containing drug-binding domains of genetically engineered receptors such as the iCD40 receptor of the autologous dendritic cell vaccine BP-GMAX-CD1, resulting in receptor activation."]], ["Oritavancin", "C[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@@](C[C@@H](O1)O[C@H]2[C@H]3C(=O)N[C@@H](C4=C(C(=CC(=C4)O)O)C5=C(C=CC(=C5)[C@H](C(=O)N3)NC(=O)[C@H]6C7=CC(=C(C(=C7)OC8=C(C=C2C=C8)Cl)O[C@H]9[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O9)CO)O)O)O[C@H]1C[C@]([C@H]([C@@H](O1)C)O)(C)NCC1=CC=C(C=C1)C1=CC=C(C=C1)Cl)OC1=C(C=C(C=C1)[C@H]([C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N6)CC(=O)N)NC(=O)[C@@H](CC(C)C)NC)O)Cl)O)C(=O)O)(C)N)O", ["Oritavancin is a semisynthetic glycopeptide used (as its bisphosphate salt) for the treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections caused or suspected to be caused by susceptible isolates of designated Gram-positive microorganisms including MRSA. It has a role as an antibacterial drug and an antimicrobial agent. It is a disaccharide derivative, a glycopeptide and a semisynthetic derivative. It is functionally related to a vancomycin aglycone.", "Oritavancin is a glycopeptide antibiotic used for the treatment of skin infections. It was developed by The Medicines Company (acquired by Novartis). Oritavancin was initially approved by the FDA in 2014 and formulated to combat susceptible gram-positive bacteria that cause skin and skin structure infections. It boasts the option of single-dose administration and has been proven as non-inferior to a full course of [vancomycin] therapy.  On March 12, 2021 the FDA approved Kimyrsa, a complete course of therapy in a single, 1 hour 1200 mg infusion. Orbactiv, the other FDA approved oritavancin product, is administered over a 3 hour infusion and contains a lower dose of 400 mg. Marketed by Melinta Therapeutics, Kimyrsa offers effective and time-efficient treatment for skin and skin structure infections.", "Oritavancin is a Lipoglycopeptide Antibacterial. The mechanism of action of oritavancin is as a Cytochrome P450 2C19 Inhibitor, and Cytochrome P450 2C9 Inhibitor, and Cytochrome P450 3A4 Inducer, and Cytochrome P450 2D6 Inducer."]], ["(1R,35R,37R,38R,55S)-6,7,8,11,12,23,24,27,28,29,37,43,44,45,48,49,50-heptadecahydroxy-2,14,21,33,36,39,54-heptaoxaundecacyclo[33.20.0.04,9.010,19.013,18.016,25.017,22.026,31.038,55.041,46.047,52]pentapentaconta-4,6,8,10,12,16,18,22,24,26,28,30,41,43,45,47,49,51-octadecaene-3,15,20,32,40,53-hexone", "C1[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@H]3[C@H]([C@@H](O2)O)OC(=O)C4=CC(=C(C(=C4C5=C(C(=C(C=C5C(=O)O3)O)O)O)O)O)O)OC(=O)C6=CC(=C(C(=C6C7=C(C(=C8C9=C7C(=O)OC2=C(C(=C(C3=C(C(=C(C=C3C(=O)O1)O)O)O)C(=C92)C(=O)O8)O)O)O)O)O)O)O", ["(1R,35R,37R,38R,55S)-6,7,8,11,12,23,24,27,28,29,37,43,44,45,48,49,50-heptadecahydroxy-2,14,21,33,36,39,54-heptaoxaundecacyclo[33.20.0.04,9.010,19.013,18.016,25.017,22.026,31.038,55.041,46.047,52]pentapentaconta-4,6,8,10,12,16,18,22,24,26,28,30,41,43,45,47,49,51-octadecaene-3,15,20,32,40,53-hexone is a natural product found in Terminalia chebula, Bischofia javanica, and other organisms with data available."]], ["alpha-Punicalagin", "C1[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@H]3[C@H]([C@H](O2)O)OC(=O)C4=CC(=C(C(=C4C5=C(C(=C(C=C5C(=O)O3)O)O)O)O)O)O)OC(=O)C6=CC(=C(C(=C6C7=C(C(=C8C9=C7C(=O)OC2=C(C(=C(C3=C(C(=C(C=C3C(=O)O1)O)O)O)C(=C92)C(=O)O8)O)O)O)O)O)O)O", ["alpha-Punicalagin is a natural product found in Terminalia and Terminalia oblonga with data available."]], ["Ceruletide diethylamine", "CCNCC.C[C@H]([C@@H](C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CNC2=CC=CC=C21)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCSC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC3=CC=CC=C3)C(=O)N)NC(=O)[C@H](CC4=CC=C(C=C4)OS(=O)(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)N)NC(=O)[C@@H]5CCC(=O)N5)O", ["Ceruletide diethylamine is the diethylamine salt of ceruletide. It has a role as a gastrointestinal drug and a diagnostic agent. It contains a ceruletide."]], ["2-[3-Acetamido-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-22-amino-5,15-dichloro-64-[3-(decanoylamino)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-26,31,44,49-tetrahydroxy-21,35,38,54,56,59-hexaoxo-47-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-7,13,28-trioxa-20,36,39,53,55,58-hexazaundecacyclo[38.14.2.23,6.214,17.219,34.18,12.123,27.129,33.141,45.010,37.046,51]hexahexaconta-3,5,8,10,12(64),14,16,23(61),24,26,29(60),30,32,41(57),42,44,46(51),47,49,62,65-henicosaene-52-carboxylic acid", "CCCCCCCCCC(=O)NC1C(C(C(OC1OC2=C3C=C4C=C2OC5=C(C=C(C=C5)C(C6C(=O)NC(C7=C(C(=CC(=C7)O)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)CO)O)O)O)C9=C(C=CC(=C9)C(C(=O)N6)NC(=O)C4NC(=O)C1C2=CC(=CC(=C2)OC2=C(C=CC(=C2)C(C(=O)NC(CC2=CC(=C(O3)C=C2)Cl)C(=O)N1)N)O)O)O)C(=O)O)OC1C(C(C(C(O1)CO)O)O)NC(=O)C)Cl)CO)O)O", ["Lipoglycopeptide antibiotic from Actinoplanes teichomyceticus active against gram-positive bacteria. It consists of five major components each with a different fatty acid moiety."]], ["1-Piperazinecarboxylic acid, 4-cycloheptyl-, (2S,3S,4E,6S,7R,10R)-7,10-dihydroxy-2-((1E,3E,5R)-5-hydroxy-6-((2R,3R)-3-((1R,2S)-2-hydroxy-1-methylbutyl)oxiranyl)-1,5-dimethyl-1,3-hexadienyl)-3,7-dimethyl-12-oxooxacyclododec-4-en-6-yl ester", "CC[C@@H]([C@@H](C)[C@@H]1[C@H](O1)C[C@](C)(/C=C/C=C(\\C)/[C@@H]2[C@H](/C=C/[C@@H]([C@](CC[C@H](CC(=O)O2)O)(C)O)OC(=O)N3CCN(CC3)C4CCCCCC4)C)O)O", ["E7107 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Cancer.", "Pladienolide Derivative E7107 is a synthetic urethane derivative of pladienolide D with potential antineoplastic activity. Pladienolide derivative E7107 is generated from the 12-membered macrolide pladienolide D, one of several macrolides derived from the bacterium Streptomyces platensis Mer-11107. This agent appears to bind to the 130-kDa subunit 3 (spliceosome-associated protein 130; SAP130) of the splicing factor 3b (SF3b), resulting in inhibition of pre-messenger RNA splicing and the arrest of cell-cycle progression. The splicing factor SF3b is a multiprotein complex integral to the accurate excision of introns from pre-messenger RNA; the subunit SAP130 associates with U2 snRNP and is recruited to prespliceosomal complexes."]], ["Warfarin Sodium", "CC(=O)CC(C1=CC=CC=C1)C2=C(C3=CC=CC=C3OC2=O)[O-].[Na+]", ["Warfarin sodium is a slightly bitter crystalline powder. An anticoagulant used as a rodenticide. (EPA, 1998)", "Warfarin Sodium is the sodium salt form of warfarin, a coumarin and a vitamin K antagonist, with anticoagulant activity. Warfarin sodium inhibits both vitamin K and vitamin K epoxide reductases, thereby interfering with the cyclic interconversion of vitamin K epoxide to its reduced form, vitamin KH2. Vitamin KH2 is a cofactor for the carboxylation of glutamate residues on the N-terminal regions of vitamin K-dependent proteins.  As a result, maturation of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors II, VII, IX, and X and anticoagulant proteins C and S is inhibited. Without these coagulation factors, thrombogenesis and blood clot formation are prevented.", "An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide."]], ["Trioxirane", "O1OO1", ["Ozone is a pale blue gas with a distinctively pungent smell.  Ozone is formed from dioxygen by the action of ultraviolet light and also atmospheric electrical discharges. It is present in low concentrations throughout the Earth's atmosphere. In total, ozone makes up only 0.6 ppm of the atmosphere. In standard conditions, ozone is a pale blue gas that condenses at progressively cryogenic temperatures to a dark blue liquid and finally a violet-black solid. Ozone is a powerful oxidant (far more so than oxygen gas) and has many industrial and consumer applications related to oxidation. This same high oxidizing potential, however, causes ozone to damage mucus and respiratory tissues in animals, and also tissues in plants, above concentrations of about 100 ppb. Ozone's odor is sharp, reminiscent of chlorine, and detectable by many people at concentrations of as little as 10 ppb in air. Ozone, along with reactive forms of oxygen such as superoxide, singlet oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, and hypochlorite ions, is naturally produced by white blood cells.  The largest use of ozone is in the preparation of pharmaceuticals, synthetic lubricants, and many other commercially useful organic compounds. It can also be used for bleaching substances and for killing microorganisms in air and water sources. Many municipal drinking water systems kill bacteria with ozone instead of the more common chlorine."]], ["Ferric chloride hexahydrate", "O.O.O.O.O.O.Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl", ["Iron trichloride hexahydrate is a hydrate that is the hexahydrate form of iron trichloride. It has a role as an astringent and a Lewis acid. It is a hydrate, an inorganic chloride and an iron coordination entity. It contains an iron trichloride."]], ["Sodium hexanitrocobaltate(III)", "N(=O)[O-].N(=O)[O-].N(=O)[O-].N(=O)[O-].N(=O)[O-].N(=O)[O-].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Co]", ["Sodium cobaltinitrite is a chemical compound of cobalt. It is used as a qualitative test for potassium and ammonium ions. Cobalt is a metallic element with the atomic number 27. It is found naturally in rocks, soil, water, plants, and animals. In small amounts cobalt is an essential element for life, as it is part of vitamin B12. However, excess exposure is known to exhibit toxic effects. Nitrite is a toxic compound known to cause methemoglobinemia. (L1137, L29, L30, L39)"]], ["Robenidine hydrochloride", "C1=CC(=CC=C1/C=N/N/C(=N/N=C/C2=CC=C(C=C2)Cl)/N)Cl.Cl", ["An anticoccidial agent mainly for poultry."]], ["Gadolinium(III) diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid hydrate", "C(CN(CC(=O)O)CC(=O)[O-])N(CCN(CC(=O)O)CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-].O.[Gd+3]", ["A complex of gadolinium with a chelating agent, diethylenetriamine penta-acetic acid (DTPA see PENTETIC ACID), that is given to enhance the image in cranial and spinal MRIs. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p706)"]], ["DiD perchlorate", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCN\\1C2=CC=CC=C2C(/C1=C\\C=C\\C=C\\C3=[N+](C4=CC=CC=C4C3(C)C)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)(C)C.[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O", ["DilC18(5) dye is a Cy5 dye and an organic perchlorate salt. It has a role as a fluorochrome. It contains a dilC18(5)(1+)."]], ["Ethane-1,2-diol;terephthalic acid", "C1=CC(=CC=C1C(=O)O)C(=O)O.C(CO)O", ["Polyethylene terephthalate (PET or PETE), is a thermoplastic polymer resin of the polyester family and is used in synthetic fibers; beverage, food and other liquid containers; thermoforming applications; and engineering resins often in combination with glass fiber. The majority of the world's PET production is for synthetic fibers (in excess of 60%) with bottle production accounting for around 30% of global demand. Some of the trade names of PET products are Dacron, Diolen, Tergal, Terylene, and Trevira fibers, Cleartuf, Eastman PET and Polyclear bottle resins, Hostaphan, Melinex, and Mylar films, and Arnite, Ertalyte, Impet, Rynite and Valox injection molding resins. PET consists of polymerized units of the monomer ethylene terephthalate, with repeating C10H8O4 units. PET is commonly recycled, and has the number \"1\" as its recycling symbol. (L1907)"]], ["Methyl-d9-choline", "[2H]C([2H])([2H])[N+](CCO)(C([2H])([2H])[2H])C([2H])([2H])[2H]", ["Methyl-D9-choline is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01807910 (ER Stress in NAFLD)."]], ["Copper(II) tartrate hydrate", "C(C(C(=O)[O-])O)(C(=O)[O-])O.O.[Cu+2]", ["Cupric tartrate appears as a green to blue odorless powder. Insoluble in water. The primary hazard is the threat to the environment. Immediate steps should be taken to limit its spread to the environment. It is noncombustible. Used for electroplating metals."]], ["Sorbitan monostearate", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H]([C@@H]1[C@@H]([C@H](CO1)O)O)O", ["Sorbitan monostearate is a fatty acid ester."]], ["Azlocillin sodium salt", "CC1([C@@H](N2[C@H](S1)[C@@H](C2=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](C3=CC=CC=C3)NC(=O)N4CCNC4=O)C(=O)O)C.[Na]", ["Azlocillin Sodium is the sodium salt form of azlocillin, a semisynthetic, extended spectrum acylampicillin with antibacterial activity. Azlocillin binds to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located inside the bacterial cell wall, thereby inhibiting the cross-linkage of peptidoglycans, which are critical components of the bacterial cell wall. This prevents proper bacterial cell wall synthesis, thereby results in the weakening of the bacterial cell wall and eventually leading to cell lysis.", "A semisynthetic ampicillin-derived acylureido penicillin."]], ["(9R)-9-chloro-11,17-dihydroxy-17-(2-hydroxy-1-oxoethyl)-10,13,16-trimethyl-6,7,8,11,12,14,15,16-octahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one", "CC1CC2C3CCC4=CC(=O)C=CC4([C@]3(C(CC2(C1(C(=O)CO)O)C)O)Cl)C", ["(9R)-9-chloro-11,17-dihydroxy-17-(2-hydroxy-1-oxoethyl)-10,13,16-trimethyl-6,7,8,11,12,14,15,16-octahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one is a 21-hydroxy steroid.", "Beclomethasone is a synthetic glucocorticoid with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating properties.  After cell surface receptor attachment and cell entry, beclomethasone enters the nucleus where it binds to and activates specific nuclear receptors, resulting in an altered gene expression and inhibition of proinflammatory cytokine production.", "An anti-inflammatory, synthetic glucocorticoid. It is used topically as an anti-inflammatory agent and in aerosol form for the treatment of ASTHMA."]], ["5-(Cyclopropylmethyl)-16-(2-hydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutan-2-yl)-15-methoxy-13-oxa-5-azahexacyclo[13.2.2.12,8.01,6.02,14.012,20]icosa-8(20),9,11-trien-11-ol;hydrochloride", "CC(C)(C)C(C)(C1CC23CCC1(C4C25CCN(C3CC6=C5C(=C(C=C6)O)O4)CC7CC7)OC)O.Cl", ["Buprenorphine Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of buprenorphine, a synthetic phenanthrene with narcotic analgesic activity. Buprenorphine hydrochloride is a partial agonist at the mu-opioid receptor and an antagonist at the kapa-opioid receptor in the central nervous system. However, under the conditions of recommended use it behaves as a classic mu-opioid agonist, mimicking the actions of endogenous peptides at CNS opioid receptors. The agonist action results in a raised pain threshold and increased tolerance to pain.  However, it also causes sedation, physical dependence, and respiratory depressant effects and decreases heart rate and blood pressure.", "A derivative of the opioid alkaloid THEBAINE that is a more potent and longer lasting analgesic than MORPHINE. It appears to act as a partial agonist at mu and kappa opioid receptors and as an antagonist at delta receptors. The lack of delta-agonist activity has been suggested to account for the observation that buprenorphine tolerance may not develop with chronic use."]], ["CID 16219160", "C[C@]12CCC(=O)C=C1C=C[C@@H]3[C@@H]2CC[C@]4([C@H]3CC[C@]4(CCC(=O)O)O)C.[K]", ["A synthetic pregnadiene derivative with anti-aldosterone activity."]], ["Fluocinolone acetonide 21-acetate", "CC(=O)OCC(=O)[C@@]12[C@@H](CC3C1(CC([C@]4(C3C[C@@H](C5=CC(=O)C=CC54C)F)F)O)C)OC(O2)(C)C", ["A topical glucocorticoid used in the treatment of ECZEMA."]], ["Pamapimod", "CN1C2=NC(=NC=C2C=C(C1=O)OC3=C(C=C(C=C3)F)F)NC(CCO)CCO", ["Pamapimod is a member of the class of pyridopyrimidines that is 8-methylpyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7(8H)-one carrying additional (1,5-dihydroxypentan-3-yl)amino and 2,4-difluorophenoxy substituents at positions 2 and 6 respectively. It is a potent inhibitor of MAPK and is used for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. It has a role as an EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor and an antirheumatic drug. It is a pyridopyrimidine, an aromatic ether, a difluorobenzene, an aromatic amine, a secondary amino compound, a primary alcohol and a diol."]], ["Benzoic acid, 4-((((5-bromo-4-(4-cyclopropyl-1-naphthalenyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)thio)acetyl)amino)-3-chloro-", "C1CC1C2=CC=C(C3=CC=CC=C23)N4C(=NN=C4Br)SCC(=O)NC5=C(C=C(C=C5)C(=O)O)Cl", ["RDEA806 is a new HIV non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) with a high genetic barrier to resistance and a broad spectrum of activity."]], ["Cobimetinib", "C1CCN[C@@H](C1)C2(CN(C2)C(=O)C3=C(C(=C(C=C3)F)F)NC4=C(C=C(C=C4)I)F)O", ["Cobimetinib is a member of the class of N-acylazetidines obtained by selective formal condensation of the carboxy group of 3,4-difluoro-2-(2-fluoro-4-iodoanilino)benzoic acid with the secondary amino group from the azetidine ring of 3-[(2S)-piperidin-2-yl]azetidin-3-ol. An inhibitor of mitogen-activated protein kinase that is used (as its fumarate salt) in combination with vemurafenib for the treatment of patients with unresectable or metastatic melanoma. It has a role as an EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor and an antineoplastic agent. It is a member of piperidines, a N-acylazetidine, a tertiary alcohol, an aromatic amine, a secondary amino compound, a difluorobenzene and an organoiodine compound. It is a conjugate base of a cobimetinib(1+).", "Cobimetinib is an orally active, potent and highly selective small molecule inhibiting mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 (MAP2K1 or MEK1), and central components of the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK signal transduction pathway. It has been approved in Switzerland and the US, in combination with vemurafenib for the treatment of patients with unresectable or metastatic BRAF V600 mutation-positive melanoma.", "Cobimetinib is a Kinase Inhibitor. The mechanism of action of cobimetinib is as a Kinase Inhibitor.", "Cobimetinib is a tyrosine kinase receptor inhibitor that is used in combination with vemurafenib as therapy for selected forms of advanced malignant melanoma. The combination of cobimetinib and vemurafenib is commonly associated with serum enzyme elevations during therapy and to rare instances of clinically apparent acute liver injury.", "Cobimetinib is an orally bioavailable small-molecule inhibitor of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 (MAP2K1 or MEK1), with potential antineoplastic activity. Cobimetinib specifically binds to and inhibits the catalytic activity of MEK1, resulting in inhibition of extracellular signal-related kinase 2 (ERK2) phosphorylation and activation and decreased tumor cell proliferation. Preclinical studies have demonstrated that this agent is effective in inhibiting the growth of tumor cells bearing a B-RAF mutation, which has been found to be associated with many tumor types. A threonine-tyrosine kinase and a key component of the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK signaling pathway that is frequently activated in human tumors, MEK1 is required for the transmission of growth-promoting signals from numerous receptor tyrosine kinases."]], ["Unii-S276568koy", "C1CN(CC2=NC(=CC=C2)CN(CCN1C(CCC(=O)NCC(CO)O)C(=O)[O-])C(CCC(=O)NCC(CO)O)C(=O)[O-])C(CCC(=O)NCC(CO)O)C(=O)[O-].[Gd+3]", ["Gadopiclenol is a gadolinium-based contrast agent (GBCA) based on a pyclen macrocyclic structure. It is indicated for use with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to detect and visualize lesions with abnormal vascularity in the central nervous system and the body. In 2006, the use of GBCAs was associated with the development of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF), a rare disorder characterized by the thickening and hardening of skin and subcutaneous tissues. However, studies revealed that NSF was associated with linear GBCAs, not macrocyclic GBCAs, such as gadopiclenol. Gadopiclenol has high kinetic stability and a high r1 relaxivity, allowing it to be used at lower doses than classic extracellular GBCAs.   In September 2022, the use of gadopiclenol was approved by the FDA. The product label includes a black box warning regarding the increased risk for NSF among patients with impaired elimination of the drugs.", "Gadopiclenol is a gadolinium-based paramagnetic contrast agent, with potential imaging enhancing activity upon magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Upon administration of gadopiclenol and placement in a magnetic field, this agent produces a large magnetic moment and creates a large local magnetic field, which can enhance the relaxation rate of nearby protons. This change in proton relaxation dynamics, increases the MRI signal intensity of tissues in which this agent has accumulated; therefore, contrast and visualization of those tissues is enhanced compared to unenhanced MRI."]], ["6-bromo-3-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-5-(piperidin-3-yl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-amine", "CN1C=C(C=N1)C2=C3N=C(C(=C(N3N=C2)N)Br)C4CCCNC4", ["6-bromo-3-(1-methyl-4-pyrazolyl)-5-(3-piperidinyl)-7-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidinamine is a pyrazolopyrimidine."]], ["Hdac-IN-4", "CC1=NN(C=C1CN2CCC(CC2)C3=CC=C(C=C3)C(=O)NC4=CC=CC=C4N)C", ["CXD101 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03873025 (A Study of CXD101 in Combination With Pembrolizumab for Relapsed or Refractory Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma).", "HDAC Inhibitor CXD101 is a novel histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor with potential antineoplastic activity. Although the exact therapeutic mechanism of action for CXD101 is not known, oral administration of this agent should inhibit the catalytic activity of HDAC, which results in an accumulation of highly acetylated histones, followed by the induction of chromatin remodeling and an altered pattern of gene expression. HDAC, a family of enzymes upregulated in many tumor types, deacetylates chromatin-associated histone proteins."]], ["Valerylcarnitine", "CCCCC(=O)O[C@H](CC(=O)[O-])C[N+](C)(C)C", ["O-valeroyl-L-carnitine is an O-acyl-L-carnitine in which the acyl group specified is valeroyl. It is an O-valeroylcarnitine and a saturated fatty acyl-L-carnitine."]], ["Caprospinol", "CCCCCC(=O)O[C@H]1CC[C@@]2([C@H]3CC[C@]4([C@H]([C@@H]3CC=C2C1)C[C@H]5[C@@H]4[C@@H]([C@]6(O5)CC[C@H](CO6)C)C)C)C", ["Caprospinol (SP-233) is the first drug ever to demonstrate the correlation of clearing beta-amyloid from the brain. It also improves the brain histopathology and recovers memory function."]], ["[(4R)-9-methyl-3-oxa-9-azatricyclo[3.3.1.02,4]nonan-7-yl] 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate", "CN1C2CC(CC1C3[C@@H]2O3)OC(=O)C(CO)C4=CC=CC=C4", ["Scopolamine is a tropane alkaloid derived from plants of the nightshade family (Solanaceae), specifically Hyoscyamus niger and Atropa belladonna, with anticholinergic, antiemetic and antivertigo properties. Structurally similar to acetylcholine, scopolamine antagonizes acetylcholine activity mediated by muscarinic receptors located on structures innervated by postganglionic cholinergic nerves as well as on smooth muscles that respond to acetylcholine but lack cholinergic innervation. The agent is used to cause mydriasis, cycloplegia, to control the secretion of saliva and gastric acid, to slow gut motility, and prevent vomiting."]], ["magnesium;5-methoxy-2-[(R)-(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methylsulfinyl]benzimidazol-1-ide", "CC1=CN=C(C(=C1OC)C)C[S@@](=O)C2=NC3=C([N-]2)C=CC(=C3)OC.CC1=CN=C(C(=C1OC)C)C[S@@](=O)C2=NC3=C([N-]2)C=CC(=C3)OC.[Mg+2]", ["Esomeprazole Magnesium is the magnesium salt of esomeprazole, the S-isomer of omeprazole, with gastric proton pump inhibitor activity. In the acidic compartment of parietal cells, esomeprazole is protonated and converted into the active achiral sulphenamide; the active sulphenamide forms one or more covalent disulfide bonds with the proton pump hydrogen-potassium adenosine triphosphatase (H+/K+ ATPase), thereby inhibiting its activity and the parietal cell secretion of H+ ions into the gastric lumen, the final step in gastric acid production. H+/K+ ATPase is an integral membrane protein of the gastric parietal cell.", "The S-isomer of omeprazole."]], ["Danegaptide", "C1[C@H](CN([C@@H]1C(=O)O)C(=O)CN)NC(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2", ["Danegaptide is a dipeptide.", "Danegaptide has been investigated for the treatment of Focus of Study is STEMI."]], ["Linzagolix", "COC1=C(C(=C(C=C1)F)F)COC2=C(C=C(C(=C2)N3C(=O)C4=C(SC=C4NC3=O)C(=O)O)F)OC", ["Linzagolix is a non-peptide, selective antagonist of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor. It has been studied for the treatment of estrogen-dependent conditions such as uterine fibroids and endometriosis. It is similar to other GnRH receptor antagonists like [cetrorelix], [relugolix], and [elagolix].   Uterine fibroids occur in >70% of women of reproductive age, and when symptomatic are associated with heavy menstrual bleeding, anemia, abdominal pain and pressure, bloating, increased urinary frequency, and reproductive dysfunction. As these fibroids are essentially estrogen-dependent phenomena, hormone therapies which suppress estrogen activity - including GnRH receptor antagonists like linzagolix - are thought to be beneficial by preventing intramyometrial growths in the endometrial glands.  Linzagolix was approved for use in the European Union in June 2022 for the management of symptoms caused by uterine fibroids.", "Linzagolix is an orally bioavailable gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH or LHRH) receptor antagonist, with potential hormone production inhibitory activity. Upon oral administration of linzagolix, this agent competes with GnRH for receptor binding and inhibits GnRH receptor signaling in the anterior pituitary gland, thereby inhibiting the secretion and release of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). In males, the inhibition of LH secretion prevents the release of testosterone. As a result, this may relieve symptoms associated with hormonally dependent disease states such as hormone-dependent prostate cancer. In women, this prevents the production of estrogen by the ovaries and may relieve symptoms from sex-hormone dependent diseases, such as pain associated with endometriosis, heavy menstrual bleeding or uterine fibroids."]], ["Ridinilazole", "C1=CC2=C(C=C1C3=CC4=C(C=C3)N=C(N4)C5=CC=NC=C5)NC(=N2)C6=CC=NC=C6", ["Ridinilazole is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02092935 (A Study of SMT19969 Compared With Vancomycin for the Treatment of Clostridium Difficile-Associated Diarrhoea (CDAD)).", "Ridinilazole is a narrow-spectrum antibiotic with potential activity against Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI). Upon oral administration, ridinilazole exerts its bactericidal activity against C. difficile through inhibition of cell division. This suppresses bacterial toxin production and inhibits the associated inflammatory response. Compared to other antibiotics that treat C. difficile, ridinilazole does not deplete intestinal bacteria and preserves the intestinal bacterial activity and the associated bile acid metabolome."]], ["Famitinib", "CCN(CC)CCN1CCC2=C(C1=O)C(=C(N2)/C=C\\3/C4=C(C=CC(=C4)F)NC3=O)C", ["Famitinib has been used in trials studying the treatment of Colorectal Cancer, Renal Cell Cancer, Colorectal Cancer Recurrent, Colorectal Cancer Metastatic, and Metastatic Renal Cell Cancer, among others.", "Famitinib is an orally bioavailable receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibitor with potential antineoplastic activity. Famitinib binds to and inhibits several RTKs, dysregulated in a variety of tumors, including stem cell factor receptor (c-Kit; SCFR), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) 2 and 3, platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) and FMS-like tyrosine kinases Flt1 and Flt3. Inhibition of these RTKs may result in an inhibition of tumor growth and angiogenesis, and eventually tumor regression in tumor cells overexpressing these RTKs."]], ["Pro-xylane", "CC(C[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](CO1)O)O)O)O", ["Hydroxypropyl tetrahydropyrantriol has been used in trials studying the basic science of Aging."]], ["gold(1+);(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-triacetyloxy-6-(acetyloxymethyl)oxane-2-thiolate;triethylphosphane", "CCP(CC)CC.CC(=O)OC[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O1)[S-])OC(=O)C)OC(=O)C)OC(=O)C.[Au+]", ["Auranofin is an orally available, lipophilic, organogold compound, used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, with anti-inflammatory and potential antineoplastic activities. Auranofin interacts with selenocysteine residue within the redox-active domain of mitochondrial thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), thereby blocking the activity of TrxR. As a result, this agent induces mitochondrial oxidative stress leading to the induction of apoptosis. Furthermore, this agent strongly inhibits the JAK1/STAT3 signal transduction pathway, thereby suppressing expression of immune factors involved in inflammation. TrxR, overexpressed in many cancer cell types, inhibits apoptosis, promotes cell growth and survival and plays a role in resistance to chemotherapy; TrxR catalyzes the reduction of oxidized thioredoxin (Trx) and plays a central role in regulating cellular redox homeostasis.", "An oral chrysotherapeutic agent for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Its exact mechanism of action is unknown, but it is believed to act via immunological mechanisms and alteration of lysosomal enzyme activity. Its efficacy is slightly less than that of injected gold salts, but it is better tolerated, and side effects which occur are potentially less serious."]], ["(5R,7R,8R,9R,11R,13R,14R)-8-[(3R,4S,6R)-4-(dimethylamino)-3-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-2-ethyl-9-methoxy-1,5,7,9,11,13-hexamethyl-15-[4-(4-pyridin-3-ylimidazol-1-yl)butyl]-3,17-dioxa-15-azabicyclo[12.3.0]heptadecane-4,6,12,16-tetrone", "CCC1C2([C@@H]([C@H](C(=O)[C@@H](C[C@@]([C@@H]([C@H](C(=O)[C@H](C(=O)O1)C)C)OC3[C@@H]([C@H](C[C@H](O3)C)N(C)C)O)(C)OC)C)C)N(C(=O)O2)CCCCN4C=C(N=C4)C5=CN=CC=C5)C", ["Telithromycin is a ketolide, a novel form of macrolide antibiotic that is recommended for treatment of community acquired pneumonia. Telithromycin was approved for use in the United States in 2004 and subsequently linked to several cases of severe drug induced liver injury."]], ["Methanone, (6-methoxy-2-methyl-7-(phosphonooxy)-3-benzofuranyl)(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-, sodium salt (1:2)", "CC1=C(C2=C(O1)C(=C(C=C2)OC)OP(=O)([O-])[O-])C(=O)C3=CC(=C(C(=C3)OC)OC)OC.[Na+].[Na+]", ["Vascular Disrupting Agent BNC105P is a benzofuran-based vascular disrupting agent (VDA) prodrug with potential anti-vascular and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration vascular disrupting agent BNC105P, the disodium phosphate ester of BNC105, is rapidly converted to BNC105; in activated endothelial cells, BNC105 binds to tubulin and inhibits its polymerization, which may result in a blockage of mitotic spindle formation, cell cycle arrest, and disruption of the tumor vasculature. Hypoxic conditions ensue, depriving tumor cells of nutrients and resulting in tumor cell apoptosis. In addition to its VDA activity, this agent has a direct cytotoxic effect on tumor cells by inhibiting tubulin polymerization. BNC105 is not a substrate for the multidrug-resistance P-glycoprotein (Pgp) transporter."]], ["Methoxyethylmercuric acetate", "CC(=O)O[Hg]CCOC", ["Crystals. Formerly used as a pesticide in seed treatment for cotton and small grains. Exhibits high fungicidal activity against leaf stripe of barley, stinking smut of wheat, snow mold of rye; against seedling diseases in beets and legumes, and for dressing \"seed\" potatoes, bulbs, and tubers. Not registered as a pesticide in the U.S. (EPA, 1998)", "Methoxyethelmercuric acetate is an organomercuric compound. Mercury is a heavy, silvery d-block metal and one of six elements that are liquid at or near room temperature and pressure. It is a naturally occuring substance, and combines with other elements such as chlorine, sulfur, or oxygen to form inorganic mercury compounds (salts). Mercury also combines with carbon to make organic mercury compounds. (L1)"]], ["Morsodren", "C[Hg]/N=C(\\N)/NC#N", ["Crystals. Used as a fungicide; a seed, soil, and turf treatment, especially for cereals, sorghum, sugar beets, cotton, and flax. Not registered as a pesticide in the U.S. (EPA, 1998)", "Methylmercuric dicyanamide is an organomercuric compound of mercury and cyanide. Mercury is a heavy, silvery d-block metal and one of six elements that are liquid at or near room temperature and pressure. It is a naturally occuring substance, and combines with other elements such as chlorine, sulfur, or oxygen to form inorganic mercury compounds (salts). Mercury also combines with carbon to make organic mercury compounds. (L1)"]], ["Sodium stibogluconate", "C([C@H]([C@@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](O[Sb](=O)(O1)O[Sb]2(=O)O[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](O2)C(=O)[O-])O)[C@@H](CO)O)C(=O)[O-])O)O)O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+]", ["Antimony complex where the metal may exist in either the pentavalent or trivalent states. The pentavalent gluconate is used in leishmaniasis. The trivalent gluconate is most frequently used in schistosomiasis."]], ["Stibogluconate", "C([C@H]([C@@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](O[Sb](=O)(O1)O[Sb]2(=O)O[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](O2)C(=O)O)O)[C@@H](CO)O)C(=O)O)O)O)O", ["Antimony complex where the metal may exist in either the pentavalent or trivalent states. The pentavalent gluconate is used in leishmaniasis. The trivalent gluconate is most frequently used in schistosomiasis."]], ["Aluminum lactate", "CC(C(=O)O[Al](OC(=O)C(C)O)OC(=O)C(C)O)O", ["Tris(lactato)aluminium is an aluminium coordination entity and a lactate salt.", "Aluminum Lactate is a topical astringent that is used as an antiseptic agent. Aluminum lactate is used to treat inflammation, itching, and stinging of the infected skin and promotes healing."]], ["Methyl-5,6-dimethylbenzimidazolylcobalamin", "[CH3-].CC1=CC2=C(C=C1C)N(C=N2)[C@@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O3)CO)OP(=O)([O-])O[C@H](C)CNC(=O)CC[C@@]\\4([C@H]([C@@H]5[C@]6([C@@]([C@@H](C(=N6)/C(=C\\7/[C@@]([C@@H](C(=N7)/C=C\\8/C([C@@H](C(=N8)/C(=C4\\[N-]5)/C)CCC(=O)N)(C)C)CCC(=O)N)(C)CC(=O)N)/C)CCC(=O)N)(C)CC(=O)N)C)CC(=O)N)C)O.[Co+2]", ["Mecobalamin is a synthetic and active form of vitamin B12 that can cross the blood brain barrier without biotransformation, that may be used to treat or prevent vitamin B12 deficiency and its complications. Upon administration, mecobalamin is able to replace endogenous vitamin B12, increase vitamin B12 levels and improve vitamin B12 deficiency. Vitamin B12 is necessary for hematopoiesis, neural metabolism, DNA and RNA production, and carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism. It improves iron functions in the metabolic cycle and assists folic acid in choline synthesis. Its metabolism is interconnected with that of folic acid."]], ["Milciclib", "CC1(CC2=CN=C(N=C2C3=C1C(=NN3C)C(=O)NC)NC4=CC=C(C=C4)N5CCN(CC5)C)C", ["Milciclib Maleate is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01301391 (Study of Oral PHA-848125AC in Patients With Malignant Thymoma Previously Treated With Multiple Lines of Chemotherapy).", "Milciclib is an orally bioavailable inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and tropomyosin receptor kinase A (TRKA), with potential antineoplastic activity. CDK2/TRKA inhibitor PHA-848125 AC potently inhibits cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) and exhibits activity against other CDKs including CDK1 and CDK4, in addition to TRKA. Inhibition of these kinases may result in cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of tumor cells that express these kinases. CDKs are serine/threonine kinases involved in regulation of the cell cycle and may be overexpressed in some cancer cell types. The neurotrophin receptor TRKA is mutated in a variety of cancer cell types."]], ["Inolitazone dihydrochloride", "CC1=CC(=CC(=C1N)C)OC2=CC3=C(C=C2)N=C(N3C)COC4=CC=C(C=C4)CC5C(=O)NC(=O)S5.Cl.Cl", ["Efatutazone Dihydrochloride is the dihydrochloride salt of efatutazone, an orally bioavailable agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma) with potential antineoplastic activity. Efatutazone binds to and activates PPAR-gamma, a nuclear hormone receptor and a ligand-activated transcription factor controling gene expression involved in macromolecule metabolism and cell differentiation, specifically adipocyte differentiation. Mediated through activation of PPAR-gamma, this agent is capable of inducing cell differentiation and apoptosis, thereby leading to a reduction in cellular proliferation."]], ["3-[[2-[(methylaminosulfonyl)amino]-3-fluoropyridin-4-yl]methyl]-4-methyl-7-[(pyrimidin-2-yl)oxy]-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one", "CC1=C(C(=O)OC2=C1C=CC(=C2)OC3=NC=CC=N3)CC4=C(C(=NC=C4)NS(=O)(=O)NC)F", ["CH5126766 is a member of the class of coumarins that is 4-methyl-7-[(pyrimidin-2-yl)oxy]coumarin carrying an additional [2-[(methylaminosulfonyl)amino]-3-fluoropyridin-4-yl]methyl substituent at position 3. It has a role as an EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor and an antineoplastic agent. It is an aryloxypyrimidine, a member of coumarins, a member of pyridines, an organofluorine compound and a member of sulfamides.", "RO-5126766 free base is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03875820 (Phase I Trial of VS-6063 and RO5126766.).", "Avutometinib is an orally bioavailable inhibitor of the serine/threonine protein kinases Raf and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MAP2K, MAPK/ERK kinase, or MEK), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, avutometinib specifically targets, binds to and inhibits the kinase activities of Raf and MEK, resulting in the inhibition of Raf/MEK-mediated signal transduction pathways. This results in the inhibition of Raf/MEK-dependent tumor cell proliferation and survival. The RAS/RAF/MEK/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway is often dysregulated in human cancers and plays a key role in tumor cell proliferation, differentiation and survival."]], ["Pevonedistat", "C1CC2=CC=CC=C2[C@H]1NC3=C4C=CN(C4=NC=N3)[C@@H]5C[C@H]([C@H](C5)O)COS(=O)(=O)N", ["Pevonedistat is a pyrrolopyrimidine that is 7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine which is substituted by a (1S)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-ylnitrilo group at position 4 and by a (1S,3S,4S)-3-hydroxy-4-[(sulfamoyloxy)methyl]cyclopentyl group at position 7. It is a potent and selective NEDD8-activating enzyme inhibitor with an IC50 of 4.7 nM, and currently under clinical investigation for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndromes. It has a role as an apoptosis inducer and an antineoplastic agent. It is a pyrrolopyrimidine, a secondary amino compound, a member of cyclopentanols, a sulfamidate and a member of indanes.", "Pevonedistat has been used in trials studying the treatment of Lymphoma, Solid Tumors, Multiple Myeloma, Hodgkin Lymphoma, and Metastatic Melanoma, among others.", "Pevonedistat is a small molecule inhibitor of Nedd8 activating enzyme (NAE) with potential antineoplastic activity. Pevonedistat binds to and inhibits NAE, which may result in the inhibition of tumor cell proliferation and survival. NAE activates Nedd8 (Neural precursor cell expressed, developmentally down-regulated 8), an ubiquitin-like (UBL) protein that modifies cellular targets in a pathway that is parallel to but distinct from the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway (UPP). Functioning in diverse regulatory activities, proteins conjugated to UBLs like Nedd8 typically are not targeted for proteasomal degradation."]], ["Unii-C4I13768E1", "C[C@@H]1CN(CCN1S(=O)(=O)C2=CC=CC(=C2)[C@](C)(C(F)(F)F)O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3)F)C(F)(F)F", ["Hsd 016 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT00838461 (Study Evaluating the Safety, Pharmacokinetics (PK), and Pharmacodynamices (PD) of HSD-016)."]], ["Benzamide, N-(4-(3,4-dihydro-6,7-dimethoxy-2(1H)-isoquinolinyl)butyl)-2-(2-(fluoro-18F)ethoxy)-5-methyl-", "CC1=CC(=C(C=C1)OCC[18F])C(=O)NCCCCN2CCC3=CC(=C(C=C3C2)OC)OC", ["ISO-1 F-18 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT00968656 (Assessment of Cellular Proliferation in Tumors by Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Using [18F]ISO-1)."]], ["Zotiraciclib", "CN1C/C=C/CCOC2=CC=CC(=C2)C3=NC(=NC=C3)NC4=CC=CC(=C4)C1", ["Zotiraciclib is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02942264 (Zotiraciclib (TG02) Plus Dose-dense or Metronomic Temozolomide Followed by Randomized Phase II Trial of Zotiraciclib (TG02) Plus Temozolomide Versus Temozolomide Alone in Adults With Recurrent Anaplastic Astrocytoma and Glioblastoma)."]], ["5-[3-[[(4R)-6,8-dibromo-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-4-yl]amino]propylamino]-4H-thieno[3,2-b]pyridin-7-one", "C1COC2=C([C@@H]1NCCCNC3=CC(=O)C4=C(N3)C=CS4)C=C(C=C2Br)Br", ["CRS3123 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Clostridial Infection and Clostridium Difficile Colitis."]], ["4-(1-isopropyl-2-methyl-1H-imidazol-5-yl)-N-(4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)pyrimidin-2-amine", "CC1=NC=C(N1C(C)C)C2=NC(=NC=C2)NC3=CC=C(C=C3)S(=O)(=O)C", ["4-(2-methyl-3-propan-2-yl-4-imidazolyl)-N-(4-methylsulfonylphenyl)-2-pyrimidinamine is a sulfonamide."]], ["6-[(2R,5R)-2-methyl-5-[(1R)-2,2,2-trifluoro-1-hydroxyethyl]pyrrolidin-1-yl]-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2-dihydroquinolin-2-one", "C[C@@H]1CC[C@@H](N1C2=CC3=C(C=C2)NC(=O)C=C3C(F)(F)F)[C@H](C(F)(F)F)O", ["LGD2941 is a non-steroidal, selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) developed jointly by Ligand and TAP."]], ["CID 16750271", "C1CCN(C1)CCOC2=C3COC/C=C/COCC4=CC=C(O4)C5=NC(=NC=C5)NC(=C3)C=C2", ["SB-1578 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01235871 (A Single and Multiple-Dose Study of SB1578)."]], ["5-(5-(3-(Trifluoromethyl)-4-(((2S)-1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-yl)oxy)phenyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)-1H-benzimidazole", "C[C@@H](C(F)(F)F)OC1=C(C=C(C=C1)C2=NC(=NO2)C3=CC4=C(C=C3)N=CN4)C(F)(F)F", ["ASP4058 has been used in trials studying Food Effect of ASP4058 and Pharmacokinetics of ASP4058."]], ["1H-1,2,4-Triazole-1-propanamide, 3-((2,2-difluoro-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)amino)-N,N-dimethyl-5-(4-pyridinyl)-", "CN(C)C(=O)CCN1C(=NC(=N1)NC2=CC3=C(C=C2)OC(O3)(F)F)C4=CC=NC=C4", ["JNJ-39393406 has been used in trials studying the treatment and basic science of DEPRESSION, Schizophrenia, Smoking Cessation, Cognition Disorders, and Alzheimer's Disease."]], ["PC(O-16:0/22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CC", ["1-hexadecyl-2-[(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is a phosphatidylcholine O-38:6 in which the alkyl and acyl groups specified at positions 1 and 2 are hexadecyl and (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoyl respectively. It is a phosphatidylcholine O-38:6 and a 2-acyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine. It is functionally related to an all-cis-docosa-4,7,10,13,16,19-hexaenoic acid."]], ["CID 16759566", "CCCC1OC2C[C@H]3[C@@H]4CCC5=CC(=O)C=C[C@@]5([C@H]4C(C[C@@]3([C@@]2(O1)C(=O)CO)C)O)C", ["A glucocorticoid used in the management of ASTHMA, the treatment of various skin disorders, and allergic RHINITIS."]], ["octahydro-12-(hydroxymethyl)-2-imino-5,9:7,10a-dimethano-10aH-[1,3]dioxocino[6,5-d]pyrimidine-4,7,10,11,12-pentol", "C(C1([C@H]2C([C@]34[C@H](C1O[C@@]([C@H]3O)(O2)O)[C@H](N=C(N4)N)O)O)O)O", ["Tetrodotoxin is a neurotoxin with potential analgesic activity. Tetrodotoxin binds to the pores of fast voltage-gated fast sodium channels in nerve cell membranes, inhibiting nerve action potentials and blocking nerve transmission. Although found in various species of fish (such as the pufferfish), newts, frogs, flatworms, and crabs, tetrodotoxin, for which there is no known antidote, is actually produced by bacteria such as Vibrio alginolyticus, Pseudoalteromonas tetraodonis, and other vibrio and pseudomonas bacterial species.", "An aminoperhydroquinazoline poison found mainly in the liver and ovaries of fishes in the order TETRAODONTIFORMES, which are eaten. The toxin causes paresthesia and paralysis through interference with neuromuscular conduction."]], ["Microcystin LW", "C[C@H]1[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H]([C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](NC(=O)C(=C)N(C(=O)CC[C@@H](NC1=O)C(=O)O)C)C)CC(C)C)C(=O)O)C)CC2=CNC3=CC=CC=C32)/C=C/C(=C/[C@H](C)[C@H](CC4=CC=CC=C4)OC)/C", ["Microcystin LW is a microcystin consisting of D-alanyl, L-leucyl, (3S)-3-methyl-D-beta-aspartyl, L-tryptophanyl, (2S,3S,4E,6E,8S,9S)-3-amino-4,5,6,7-tetradehydro-9-methoxy-2,6,8-trimethyl-10-phenyldecanoyl, D-gamma-glutamyl, and 2,3-didehydro-N-methylalanyl residues joined into a 25-membered macrocycle. It has a role as a bacterial metabolite, an environmental contaminant and a xenobiotic.", "Microcystin LW is a natural product found in Microcystis aeruginosa with data available.", "Microcystin-LW is a hydrophobic microcystin. Microcystins (also known as cyanoginosins) are a class of toxins produced by certain freshwater cyanobacteria. Microcystins are chemically stable over a wide range of temperature and pH, possibly as a result of their cyclic structure. The toxins are also resistant to enzymatic hydrolysis (in guts of animals) by some general proteases, such as pepsin, trypsin, collagenase, and chymotrypsin."]], ["Acridine-3,6-diamine sulfate dihydrate", "C1=CC(=CC2=NC3=C(C=CC(=C3)N)C=C21)N.O.O.OS(=O)(=O)O", ["Proflavine Hemisulfate is the hemisulfate salt form of proflavine, an acridine-derived fluorescent contrast and disinfectant agent that can potentially be used for cellular imaging and antiseptic purposes. Upon topical application of proflavine hemisulfate, proflavine diffuses into cells and intercalates into DNA, thereby accumulating in and staining the nucleus. During fluorescence imaging, the cell nuclei can be visualized. This allows nuclear morphometry and the identification of cancer cells. In addition, proflavine exerts its antibacterial effect by binding to bacterial DNA, thereby disrupting DNA synthesis and halting bacterial cell growth.", "Topical antiseptic used mainly in wound dressings."]], ["(4S,5R,6R)-6-[(1S)-1-hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-3-({(3S,5S)-5-[(sulfamoylamino)methyl]pyrrolidin-3-yl}sulfanyl)-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid", "C[C@H]1[C@H]2[C@@H](C(=O)N2C(=C1S[C@H]3C[C@H](NC3)CNS(=O)(=O)N)C(=O)O)[C@H](C)O", ["A carbapenem derivative antibacterial agent that is more stable to renal dehydropeptidase I than IMIPENEM, but does not need to be given with an enzyme inhibitor such as CILASTATIN. It is used in the treatment of infections such as HOSPITAL-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA, and complicated intra-abdominal or urinary-tract infections, including PYELONEPHRITIS."]], ["2-[(2E,6E,10E,14Z,18E,22E,26E,30Z,34E)-3,7,11,15,19,23,27,31,35,39-decamethyltetraconta-2,6,10,14,18,22,26,30,34,38-decaen-1-yl]-5,6-dimethoxy-3-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione", "CC1=C(C(=O)C(=C(C1=O)OC)OC)C/C=C(\\C)/CC/C=C(\\C)/CC/C=C(\\C)/CC/C=C(/C)\\CC/C=C(\\C)/CC/C=C(\\C)/CC/C=C(\\C)/CC/C=C(/C)\\CC/C=C(\\C)/CCC=C(C)C", ["A lipid-soluble benzoquinone which is involved in ELECTRON TRANSPORT in mitochondrial preparations. The compound occurs in the majority of aerobic organisms, from bacteria to higher plants and animals."]], ["Alendronate(1-)", "C(CC(O)(P(=O)(O)O)P(=O)(O)[O-])CN", ["Alendronate(1-) is an organic anion. It is a conjugate base of an alendronic acid.", "A nonhormonal medication for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis in women. This drug builds healthy bone, restoring some of the bone loss as a result of osteoporosis."]], ["1(2H)-Phthalazinone, 4-((4-chlorophenyl)methyl)-2-(((2R)-1-(4-(4-(3-(hexahydro-1H-azepin-1-yl)propoxy)phenyl)butyl)-2-pyrrolidinyl)methyl)-", "C1CCCN(CC1)CCCOC2=CC=C(C=C2)CCCCN3CCC[C@@H]3CN4C(=O)C5=CC=CC=C5C(=N4)CC6=CC=C(C=C6)Cl", ["Gsk1004723 has been investigated for the treatment of Allergic Rhinitis and Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal."]], ["Teicoplanin A2-3", "CCCCCCCCCC(=O)N[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O[C@H]1OC2=C3C=C4C=C2OC5=C(C=C(C=C5)[C@H]([C@H]6C(=O)N[C@@H](C7=C(C(=CC(=C7)O)O[C@@H]8[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O8)CO)O)O)O)C9=C(C=CC(=C9)[C@H](C(=O)N6)NC(=O)[C@@H]4NC(=O)[C@@H]1C2=CC(=CC(=C2)OC2=C(C=CC(=C2)[C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](CC2=CC(=C(O3)C=C2)Cl)C(=O)N1)N)O)O)O)C(=O)O)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O1)CO)O)O)NC(=O)C)Cl)CO)O)O", ["Teicoplanin A2-3 is a teicoplanin A2 that has decanoyl as the variable N-acyl group. It has a role as a bacterial metabolite.", "Lipoglycopeptide antibiotic from Actinoplanes teichomyceticus active against gram-positive bacteria. It consists of five major components each with a different fatty acid moiety."]], ["[6-[2-Chloro-1-[(1-methyl-4-propylpyrrolidine-2-carbonyl)amino]propyl]-4,5-dihydroxy-2-methylsulfanyloxan-3-yl] hexadecanoate;hydrochloride", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC1C(C(C(OC1SC)C(C(C)Cl)NC(=O)C2CC(CN2C)CCC)O)O.Cl", ["Clindamycin Palmitate Hydrochloride is the palmitate hydrochloride form of clindamycin, a semi-synthetic, chlorinated broad spectrum antibiotic produced by chemical modification of lincomycin. Clindamycin palmitate hydrochloride is used for oral suspension."]], ["(3S,4R,5S)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxyhexanal", "C(C=O)[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](CO)O)O)O", ["2-Deoxy-D-glucose is a non-metabolizable glucose analog in which the hydroxyl group at position 2 of glucose is replaced by hydrogen, with potential glycolysis inhibiting and antineoplastic activities. Although the exact mechanism of action has yet to be fully elucidated, upon administration of 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG), this agent competes with glucose for uptake by proliferating cells, such as tumor cells. 2-DG inhibits the first step of glycolysis and therefore prevents cellular energy production, which may result in decreased tumor cell proliferation.", "2-Deoxy-D-arabino-hexose. An antimetabolite of glucose with antiviral activity."]], ["Mavatrep", "CC(C)(C1=CC=CC=C1C2=CC3=C(C=C2)N=C(N3)/C=C/C4=CC=C(C=C4)C(F)(F)F)O", ["Mavatrep has been used in trials studying the treatment of Osteoarthritis, Knee."]], ["(1R,9S,12S,13S,14S,17R,18Z,21S,23S,24R,25S,27R)-12-[(E)-1-[(1R,3R,4S)-4-chloro-3-methoxycyclohexyl]prop-1-en-2-yl]-17-ethyl-1,14-dihydroxy-23,25-dimethoxy-13,19,21,27-tetramethyl-11,28-dioxa-4-azatricyclo[22.3.1.04,9]octacos-18-ene-2,3,10,16-tetrone", "CC[C@@H]1/C=C(\\C[C@@H](C[C@@H]([C@@H]2[C@H](C[C@H]([C@@](O2)(C(=O)C(=O)N3CCCC[C@H]3C(=O)O[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](CC1=O)O)C)/C(=C/[C@@H]4CC[C@@H]([C@@H](C4)OC)Cl)/C)O)C)OC)OC)C)/C", ["Pimecrolimus is a 33-epi-chloro-derivative of the ascomycin macrolactam with immunosuppressant property. Pimecrolimus binds to the receptor macrophilin-12 (FKBP-12) forming a complex that blocks the calcium-dependent signal transduction cascade mediated by calcineurin. Via dephosphorylation, calcineurin is the enzyme responsible for activating nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NF-AT), a T cell transcriptional regulatory factor. As a consequence, the synthesis and release of Th1- (T helper 1) and Th2- (T helper 2) type cytokines, and other inflammatory mediators from T-cells and mast cells are blocked and the expression of signals essential for the activation of inflammatory T-lymphocytes is inhibited. However, pimecrolimus mode of action is cell-selective and does not affect Langerhans' cells/dendritic cells and primary fibroblasts."]], ["(1S,2S,5R,7S,9S,10S,14R,15S,19S)-15-[(2R,5S,6R)-5-(dimethylamino)-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-19-ethyl-4,14-dimethyl-7-[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6S)-3,4,5-trimethoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-20-oxatetracyclo[10.10.0.02,10.05,9]docosa-3,11-diene-13,21-dione;(1S,2R,5S,7R,9R,10S,14R,15S,19S)-15-[(2R,5S,6R)-5-(dimethylamino)-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-19-ethyl-14-methyl-7-[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6S)-3,4,5-trimethoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-20-oxatetracyclo[10.10.0.02,10.05,9]docosa-3,11-diene-13,21-dione", "CC[C@H]1CCC[C@@H]([C@H](C(=O)C2=C[C@H]3[C@@H]4C[C@@H](C[C@H]4C=C[C@H]3[C@@H]2CC(=O)O1)O[C@H]5[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O5)C)OC)OC)OC)C)O[C@H]6CC[C@@H]([C@H](O6)C)N(C)C.CC[C@H]1CCC[C@@H]([C@H](C(=O)C2=C[C@H]3[C@@H]4C[C@@H](C[C@H]4C(=C[C@H]3[C@@H]2CC(=O)O1)C)O[C@H]5[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O5)C)OC)OC)OC)C)O[C@H]6CC[C@@H]([C@H](O6)C)N(C)C", ["Spinosad is a pediculicide mixture of spinosyn A and spinosyn D (in an approximately 5:1 ratio, respectively) used in the topical treatment of head lice in children (four years old and older) and in adults. Spinosad is an insecticide based on a compound found in S. spinosa, a bacterial species. Spinosad has also been experimented for use in cats for treatment of flea infestations, and has also been experimented for use against the KS1 Ctenocephalides felis flea strain infesting dogs, in addition to many investigations for use in other animals and agricultural plants."]], ["2-(4-(1-(quinolin-6-ylmethyl)-1H-[1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-b]pyrazin-6-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)ethanol", "C1=CC2=C(C=CC(=C2)CN3C4=NC(=CN=C4N=N3)C5=CN(N=C5)CCO)N=C1", ["2-[4-[3-(6-quinolinylmethyl)-5-triazolo[4,5-b]pyrazinyl]-1-pyrazolyl]ethanol is a member of quinolines.", "PF-04217903 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Neoplasms.", "MET Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor PF-04217903 is an orally bioavailabe, small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor with potential antineoplastic activity. MET tyrosine kinase inhibitor PF-04217903 selectively binds to and inhibits c-Met, disrupting the c-Met signaling pathway, which may result in the inhibition of tumor cell growth, migration and invasion of tumor cells, and the induction of death in tumor cells expressing c-Met. The receptor tyrosine kinase c-Met, also known as hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) receptor, is overexpressed or mutated in many tumor cell types, playing an important role in tumor cell proliferation, survival, invasion, and metastasis and angiogenesis."]], ["Florbenazine (18F)", "CC(C)C[C@@H]1CN2CCC3=CC(=C(C=C3[C@H]2C[C@H]1O)OC)OCCC[18F]", ["Florbenazine F-18 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01515384 (A Trial of 18F-AV-133 Positron Emission Tomography (PET)).", "Florbenazine F-18 is a radioconjugate composed of the vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) targeting agent florbenazine , a dihydrotetrabenazine analog, labeled with the positron-emitting isotope fluorine F 18, that can potentially be used as a tracer using positron emitting tomography (PET) imaging. Upon administration , florbenazine  F-18 binds to VMATs expressed on monoamine neurons and pancreatic beta-cells within the islets of Langerhans. Upon PET imaging, VMAT2-expressing cells can be detected and the level of functional monoamine neurons can be assessed, which can be used in the diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, this radiotracer can be used to assess the function of pancreatic beta-cells. VMAT2, a transporter that loads monoamine neurotransmitters into secretory vesicles, is expressed on biogenic amine-containing neurons in the central nervous system (CNS) and pancreatic beta cells."]], ["Pictilisib", "CS(=O)(=O)N1CCN(CC1)CC2=CC3=C(S2)C(=NC(=N3)C4=C5C=NNC5=CC=C4)N6CCOCC6", ["Pictrelisib is a sulfonamide composed of indazole, morpholine, and methylsulfonyl-substituted piperazine rings bound to a thienopyrimidine ring. It has a role as an EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor. It is a sulfonamide, a member of piperazines, a member of morpholines, a member of indazoles and a thienopyrimidine.", "Pictilisib has been used in trials studying the treatment of Solid Cancers, Breast Cancer, Advanced Solid Tumours, Metastatic Breast Cancer, and Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma, Solid Cancers, among others.", "Pictilisib is a small molecule inhibitor of class I phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, pictilisib selectively binds to PI3K in an ATP-competitive manner, inhibiting the production of the secondary messenger phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3) and activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. This may result in inhibition of tumor cell growth, motility and survival in susceptible tumor cell populations. Activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway is frequently associated with tumorigenesis; dysregulated PI3K/Akt signaling may contribute to tumor resistance to a variety of antineoplastic agents."]], ["Imipenem and cilastatin", "C[C@H]([C@@H]1[C@H]2CC(=C(N2C1=O)C(=O)O)SCCN=CN)O.CC1(C[C@@H]1C(=O)N/C(=C\\CCCCSC[C@@H](C(=O)O)N)/C(=O)O)C", ["Combination of imipenem and cilastatin that is used in the treatment of bacterial infections; cilastatin inhibits renal dehydropeptidase I to prolong the half-life and increase the tissue penetration of imipenem, enhancing its efficacy as an anti-bacterial agent."]], ["Gadobenate", "[H+].[H+].C1=CC=C(C=C1)COCC(C(=O)[O-])N(CCN(CCN(CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-].[Gd+3]", ["Gadobenic acid is a Paramagnetic Contrast Agent. The mechanism of action of gadobenic acid is as a Magnetic Resonance Contrast Activity."]], ["Taprenepag", "C1=CC(=CC(=C1)OCC(=O)O)CN(CC2=CC=C(C=C2)N3C=CC=N3)S(=O)(=O)C4=CN=CC=C4", ["Taprenepag has been used in trials studying the treatment of Ocular Hypertension and Glaucoma, Open-Angle."]], ["Disodium (ethylenedinitrilo)tetraacetate", "[H+].[H+].C(CN(CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])N(CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-].[Na+].[Na+]", ["A chelating agent that sequesters a variety of polyvalent cations such as CALCIUM. It is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a food additive.", "See also: Edetate Disodium (preferred)."]], ["Crenolanib besylate", "CC1(COC1)COC2=CC3=C(C=C2)N(C=N3)C4=NC5=C(C=CC=C5N6CCC(CC6)N)C=C4.C1=CC=C(C=C1)S(=O)(=O)O", ["Crenolanib Besylate is the besylate salt form of crenolanib, an orally bioavailable benzimidazole targeting the platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) subtypes alpha and beta and FMS-related tyrosine kinase 3 (Flt3), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, crenolanib binds to and inhibits both wild-type and mutated forms of PDGFR and Flt3, which may result in the inhibition of PDGFR- and Flt3-related signal transduction pathways. This results in inhibition of tumor angiogenesis and tumor cell proliferation in PDGFR and/or Flt3 overexpressing tumor cells. PDGFR and Flt3, class III receptor tyrosine kinases, are upregulated or mutated in many tumor cell types."]], ["Bis(choline)tetrathiomolybdate", "C[N+](C)(C)CCO.C[N+](C)(C)CCO.[SH-].[SH-].S=[Mo]=S", ["Tiomolibdate Choline is an orally active second generation tetrathiomolybdate analog with anti-angiogenic and antineoplastic activities. Tiomolibdate choline selectively chelates the copper ion in superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) in endothelial cells, thereby depleting SOD1 of copper and inhibiting its activity. Inhibition of SOD1 interferes with the activation of several signal transduction pathways required for cellular proliferation and angiogenesis, including those mediated by ERK1/2 and FAK and Src kinases. This results in an inhibition of cell proliferation and angiogenesis as well as induction of apoptosis."]], ["Biosone", "C[C@]12CC[C@](CC1C3=CC(=O)C4[C@]5(CC[C@@H](C(C5CC[C@]4([C@@]3(CC2)C)C)(C)C)O)C)(C)C(=O)O", ["Biosone is a natural product found in Tetradium ruticarpum with data available.", "An oleanolic acid from GLYCYRRHIZA that has some antiallergic, antibacterial, and antiviral properties. It is used topically for allergic or infectious skin inflammation and orally for its aldosterone effects in electrolyte regulation."]], ["CID 18531013", "CC1=C(C(=NO1)C2=CC=CC=C2)C(=O)N[C@H]3[C@@H]4N(C3=O)[C@H](C(S4)(C)C)C(=O)O.O.[Na]", ["Oxacillin Sodium is the sodium salt form of oxacillin, a semisynthetic penicillinase-resistant and acid-stable penicillin with an antimicrobial activity. Oxacillin binds to penicillin-binding proteins in the bacterial cell wall, thereby blocking the synthesis of peptidoglycan, a critical component of the bacterial cell wall. This leads to inhibition of cell growth and causes cell lysis.", "An antibiotic similar to FLUCLOXACILLIN used in resistant staphylococci infections."]], ["(2Z)-3-ethyl-2-[(2E,4E)-5-(3-ethyl-1,3-benzothiazol-3-ium-2-yl)penta-2,4-dienylidene]-1,3-benzothiazole;hydroiodide", "CCN\\1C2=CC=CC=C2S/C1=C\\C=C\\C=C\\C3=[N+](C4=CC=CC=C4S3)CC.I", ["Dithiazanine iodide appears as green, needle-like crystals. Used as a veterinary anthelmintic, as a sensitizer for photographic emulsions and as an insecticides. Not registered as a pesticide in the U.S. (EPA, 1998)"]], ["acetic acid;[(6S,8R,9S,10R,13S,14S,17R)-17-acetyl-6,10,13-trimethyl-3-oxo-2,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16-decahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl] acetate", "C[C@H]1C[C@@H]2[C@H](CC[C@]3([C@H]2CC[C@@]3(C(=O)C)OC(=O)C)C)[C@@]4(C1=CC(=O)CC4)C.CC(=O)O", ["Medroxyprogesterone acetate is an odorless white to off-white microcrystalline powder. (NTP, 1992)"]], ["Estr-5-ene-3,17-dione", "C[C@]12CC[C@@H]3[C@H]4CCC(=O)CC4=CC[C@H]3[C@@H]1CCC2=O", ["19-Nor-5-andorstenedione is a prohormone which has the potential to affect bodily levels of testosterone once metabolized in vivo. It is regulated in the United States as a schedule III controlled substance, and prohibited by the World Anti-Doping Agency for use in competitive sports."]], ["Spiro(1-azabicyclo(2.2.2)octane-3,5'-(1,3)-oxathiolane), 2'-methyl-, (2'R,3R)-rel-", "C[C@H]1O[C@@]2(CN3CCC2CC3)CS1", ["Cevimeline is a Cholinergic Receptor Agonist. The mechanism of action of cevimeline is as a Cholinergic Muscarinic Agonist.", "Cevimeline is an orally available cholinergic agonist that is used to treat symptoms of dry mouth in patients with keratoconjunctivitis sicca (Sj\u00f6gren syndrome). Cevimeline has not been linked to serum enzyme elevations during therapy or to instances of clinically apparent liver injury.", "Cevimeline is a cholinergic analogue with glandular secretion stimulatory activity. Cevimeline binds to and activates muscarinic receptors, thereby increasing the secretions in exocrine salivary and sweat glands. This cholinergic agonist also increases the tone of smooth muscle in the gastrointestinal and urinary tracts. Cevimeline is being studied as a treatment for dry mouth caused by radiation therapy to the head and neck."]], ["(1S,2S,8S,9S,11S,12S,13R)-11-hydroxy-8-(2-hydroxyacetyl)-9,13-dimethyl-6-propyl-5,7-dioxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosa-14,17-dien-16-one", "CCCC1OC2C[C@H]3[C@@H]4CCC5=CC(=O)C=C[C@@]5([C@H]4[C@H](C[C@@]3([C@@]2(O1)C(=O)CO)C)O)C", ["A glucocorticoid used in the management of ASTHMA, the treatment of various skin disorders, and allergic RHINITIS."]], ["(R)-(2,8-bis(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-4-yl)((S)-piperidin-2-yl)methanol hydrochloride", "C1CCN[C@@H](C1)[C@@H](C2=CC(=NC3=C2C=CC=C3C(F)(F)F)C(F)(F)F)O.Cl", ["Mefloquine Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of mefloquine, a piperidinyl quinidine with antimalarial activity. Although the exact mechanism of mefloquine hydrochloride is largely unknown, this agent acts as a blood schizonticide and probably exert its actions by interacting with the phospholipid bilayer, thereby interfering with the stability of the cell membrane and causing cell lysis. Mefloquine hydrochloride is active against Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax.", "A phospholipid-interacting antimalarial drug (ANTIMALARIALS). It is very effective against PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM with very few side effects."]], ["Tyrima", "C1=CC2=C(C=C1OCC(F)(F)F)OC3=C(S2(=O)=O)C=CC(=C3)F", ["CX157,3-fluoro-7-(2,2,2,-trifluoroethoxy)phenoxathiin-10,10-dioxide, is a reversible, selective inhibitor of MAO-A designed to have improved oral bioavailability and reduced clearance compared to previous MAO-A inhibitors of this class."]], ["Aramchol", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)N[C@H]1CC[C@]2([C@@H](C1)C[C@H]([C@@H]3[C@@H]2C[C@@H]([C@]4([C@H]3CC[C@@H]4[C@H](C)CCC(=O)O)C)O)O)C", ["Aramchol has been used in trials studying the treatment of HIV, Gallstones, Fatty Liver, Metabolic Syndrome, and Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis, among others."]], ["Alcaftadine", "CN1CCC(=C2C3=CC=CC=C3CCN4C2=NC=C4C=O)CC1", ["Alcaftadine is an imidazobenzazepine that is 6,11-dihydro-5H-imidazo[2,1-b][3]benzazepine substituted at position 3 by a formyl group and at position 11 by a 1-methylpiperidin-4-ylidene group. An antihistamine used for treatment of allergic conjunctivitis. It has a role as a H1-receptor antagonist and an anti-allergic agent. It is an aldehyde, a member of piperidines, an imidazobenzazepine and a tertiary amino compound.", "Alcaftadine is a H1 histamine receptor antagonist indicated for the prevention of itching associated with allergic conjunctivitis. This drug was approved in July 2010.", "Alcaftadine is a Histamine-1 Receptor Antagonist. The mechanism of action of alcaftadine is as a Histamine H1 Receptor Antagonist."]], ["4-[2-(2H-tetrazol-5-yl)phenyl]benzoic acid", "C1=CC=C(C(=C1)C2=CC=C(C=C2)C(=O)O)C3=NNN=N3", ["Valsartan metabolite is a member of biphenyls."]], ["Benzoylphenylurea", "C1=CC=C(C=C1)C(=O)N(C2=CC=CC=C2)C(=O)N", ["Benzoylphenylurea is a low molecular weight agent with antineoplastic activity. Benzoylphenylurea binds to the colchicine binding site on tubulin, thereby blocking tubulin polymerization and disrupting mitotic function.  This agent also inhibits DNA polymerase, and has been shown to arrest leukemia cells in the G1-S transition phase of the cell cycle. (NCI04)"]], ["2-[(1R,4S,10S,13S,16S,27R,34S)-34-butan-2-yl-13-[(3R)-3,4-dihydroxybutan-2-yl]-8,22-dihydroxy-2,5,11,14,27,30,33,36,39-nonaoxo-27lambda4-thia-3,6,12,15,25,29,32,35,38-nonazapentacyclo[14.12.11.06,10.018,26.019,24]nonatriaconta-18(26),19(24),20,22-tetraen-4-yl]acetamide", "CCC(C)[C@H]1C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@H]2C[S@@](=O)C3=C(C[C@@H](C(=O)NCC(=O)N1)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H]4CC(CN4C(=O)[C@@H](NC2=O)CC(=O)N)O)C(C)[C@H](CO)O)C5=C(N3)C=C(C=C5)O", ["A cyclic octapeptide with a thioether bridge between the cystine and tryptophan. It inhibits RNA POLYMERASE II. Poisoning may require LIVER TRANSPLANTATION."]], ["Lunasine", "CC(C)[C@H]1CC2=C(C3=C(C(=CC=C3)OC)[N+](=C2O1)C)OC", ["Lunasine is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02709330 (ALS Reversals - Lunasin Regimen)."]], ["(1R,5R,6R,7R,9S,11S,13S,14S)-3-amino-14-(hydroxymethyl)-8,10-dioxa-2,4-diazatetracyclo[7.3.1.17,11.01,6]tetradec-3-ene-5,9,12,13,14-pentol", "C([C@@]1([C@H]2[C@@H]3[C@H](N=C(N[C@]34[C@@H]([C@](O2)(O[C@H]1C4O)O)O)N)O)O)O", ["Tetrodotoxin is a neurotoxin with potential analgesic activity. Tetrodotoxin binds to the pores of fast voltage-gated fast sodium channels in nerve cell membranes, inhibiting nerve action potentials and blocking nerve transmission. Although found in various species of fish (such as the pufferfish), newts, frogs, flatworms, and crabs, tetrodotoxin, for which there is no known antidote, is actually produced by bacteria such as Vibrio alginolyticus, Pseudoalteromonas tetraodonis, and other vibrio and pseudomonas bacterial species.", "An aminoperhydroquinazoline poison found mainly in the liver and ovaries of fishes in the order TETRAODONTIFORMES, which are eaten. The toxin causes paresthesia and paralysis through interference with neuromuscular conduction."]], ["[(3E,9Z)-16-benzyl-5,12-dihydroxy-5,7,14-trimethyl-13-methylidene-6,18-dioxo-17-azatricyclo[9.7.0.01,15]octadeca-3,9-dien-2-yl] acetate", "CC1C/C=C\\C2C(C(=C)C(C3C2(C(/C=C/C(C1=O)(C)O)OC(=O)C)C(=O)NC3CC4=CC=CC=C4)C)O", ["Cytochalasin d appears as needles or fluffy white powder. (NTP, 1992)", "A fungal metabolite that blocks cytoplasmic cleavage by blocking formation of contractile microfilament structures resulting in multinucleated cell formation, reversible inhibition of cell movement, and the induction of cellular extrusion. Additional reported effects include the inhibition of actin polymerization, DNA synthesis, sperm motility, glucose transport, thyroid secretion, and growth hormone release."]], ["Menthyl salicylate", "C[C@@H]1CC[C@H]([C@@H](C1)OC(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2O)C(C)C", ["Menthyl salicylate is a member of phenols and a benzoate ester. It is functionally related to a salicylic acid.", "Menthyl salicylate is an ester of menthol and salicylic acid.  This product is used to treat minor aches and pains of the muscles/joints (e.g., arthritis, backache, sprains)."]], ["Oxabolone", "C[C@]12CC[C@H]3[C@H]([C@@H]1CC[C@@H]2O)CCC4=C(C(=O)CC[C@H]34)O", ["Oxabolone is a steroid. It has a role as an estrogen."]], ["Ioxaglate meglumine", "CC(=O)N(C)C1=C(C(=C(C(=C1I)C(=O)NCC(=O)NC2=C(C(=C(C(=C2I)C(=O)O)I)C(=O)NCCO)I)I)C(=O)NC)I.CNC[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](CO)O)O)O)O", ["Ioxaglate Meglumine is the meglumine salt form of ioxaglate, an organic iodine compound and a radiographic contrast medium. Ioxaglate meglumine blocks x-rays as they pass through the body, thereby allowing body structures not containing iodine to be visualized. The degree of opacity produced by ioxaglate meglumine is directly proportional to the total amount of the iodinated contrast agent in the path of the x-rays. The visualization of body structures is dependent upon the distribution and elimination of ioxaglate meglumine. (NCI05)", "A low-osmolar, ionic contrast medium used in various radiographic procedures."]], ["Lorpiprazole", "C1C[C@H]2CN3C(=NN=C3[C@H]2C1)CCN4CCN(CC4)C5=CC=CC(=C5)C(F)(F)F", ["Lorpiprazole is a serotonin antagonist and reuptake inhibitor used for the treatment of major depressive disorder. It is a piperazinyl-triazole derivative."]], ["Codamine", "CN1CCC2=CC(=C(C=C2[C@@H]1CC3=CC(=C(C=C3)OC)OC)O)OC", ["(S)-codamine is a benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-7-ol which is substituted by 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl, methyl, and methoxy groups at positions 1, 2, and 6, respectively (the 1S enantiomer). It is a benzyltetrahydroisoquinoline, a member of phenols, a tertiary amino compound, an aromatic ether and a benzylisoquinoline alkaloid. It is a conjugate base of a (S)-codamine(1+).", "Codamine is a natural product found in Stephania pierrei, Bongardia chrysogonum, and other organisms with data available."]], ["Amipaque", "CC(=O)NC1=C(C(=C(C(=C1I)C(=O)N[C@@H](C=O)[C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](CO)O)O)O)I)N(C)C(=O)C)I", ["Metrizamide is a solute for density gradient centrifugation offering higher maximum solution density without the problems of increased viscosity. It is also used as a resorbable, non-ionic contrast medium.", "A solute for density gradient centrifugation offering higher maximum solution density without the problems of increased viscosity. It is also used as a resorbable, non-ionic contrast medium."]], ["Estrone 3-sulfate", "C[C@]12CC[C@H]3[C@H]([C@@H]1CCC2=O)CCC4=C3C=CC(=C4)OS(=O)(=O)[O-]", ["Estrone 3-sulfate(1-) is the conjugate base of estrone 3-sulfate; major species at pH 7.3. It has a role as a human metabolite. It is a steroid sulfate oxoanion and an estrane conjugate. It is a conjugate base of an estrone 3-sulfate."]], ["Methylenedioxypyrovalerone", "CCCC(C(=O)C1=CC2=C(C=C1)OCO2)N3CCCC3", ["A propiophenone derivative chemically related to cathinone, a substance found in the KHAT plant."]], ["CID 20407245", "C[C@@H]1C[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O1)O[C@H]2[C@@H](C[C@@]3(CO3)C(=O)[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@H](OC(=O)[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]2C)O[C@H]4C[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O4)C)O)OC)C)C)C)O)C)C)O)N(C)C", ["Oleandomycin is a macrolide antibiotic similar to erythromycin with antimicrobial activity. Oleandomycin targets and reversibly binds to the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. This prevents translocation of peptidyl tRNA leading to an inhibition of protein synthesis.", "Antibiotic macrolide produced by Streptomyces antibioticus."]], ["Velneperit", "CC(C)(C)S(=O)(=O)NC1CCC(CC1)C(=O)NC2=NC=C(C=C2)C(F)(F)F", ["Velneperit is an organooxygen compound and an organonitrogen compound. It is functionally related to a delta-amino acid.", "Velneperit has been used in trials studying the treatment of Obesity."]], ["(4R,4aR,7aR,12bS)-9-methoxy-3-methyl-1,2,4,4a,5,6,7a,13-octahydro-4,12-methanobenzofuro[3,2-e]isoquinolin-7-one;2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid", "CN1CC[C@]23[C@@H]4[C@H]1CC5=C2C(=C(C=C5)OC)O[C@H]3C(=O)CC4.C(C(C(=O)O)O)(C(=O)O)O", ["Hydrocodone Bitartrate is the bitartrate salt form of hydrocodone, a semisynthetic hydrogenated codeine derivative and opioid agonist with analgesic and antitussive effects. Hydrocodone primarily binds to and activates the mu-opioid receptor in the central nervous system (CNS). This leads to analgesia, euphoria, respiratory depression, miosis, decreased gastrointestinal motility, cough suppression and physical dependence. Hydrocodone is converted to hydromorphone by the cytochrome P450 enzyme CYP2D6.", "Narcotic analgesic related to CODEINE, but more potent and more addicting by weight. It is used also as cough suppressant."]], ["Quercetin-3'-o-phosphate", "C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O)OP(=O)(O)O)O", ["Quercetin-3'-O-phosphate has been used in trials studying the treatment of Insulin Resistance and Impaired Glucose Tolerance."]], ["Pirarubicin hydrochloride", "C[C@H]1[C@H]([C@H](C[C@@H](O1)O[C@H]2C[C@@](CC3=C2C(=C4C(=C3O)C(=O)C5=C(C4=O)C(=CC=C5)OC)O)(C(=O)CO)O)N)O[C@@H]6CCCCO6.Cl", ["Pirarubicin Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of pirarubicin, an analogue of the anthracycline antineoplastic antibiotic doxorubicin with antineoplastic activity. Pirarubicin intercalates into DNA and interacts with topoisomerase II, thereby inhibiting DNA replication and repair as well as RNA and protein synthesis. This agent is less cardiotoxic than doxorubicin and exhibits activity against some doxorubicin-resistant cell lines."]], ["Succinyladenosine", "C1=NC(=C2C(=N1)N(C=N2)[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O3)CO)O)O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)O)C(=O)O", ["Succinyladenosine is an aspartic acid derivative that is L-aspartic acid in which one of the amine hydrogens is substituted by a 9-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-9H-purin-6-yl group. It has a role as a metabolite. It is a member of adenosines, an amino dicarboxylic acid and a L-aspartic acid derivative. It is functionally related to an adenosine and a succinic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a succinyladenosine anion.", "Succinyladenosine is a natural product found in Brassica napus, Zea mays, and other organisms with data available."]], ["2-hydroxy-N,N-dimethyl-3-(2-(1-(5-methylfuran-2-yl)propylamino)-3,4-dioxocyclobut-1-enylamino)benzamide", "CCC(C1=CC=C(O1)C)NC2=C(C(=O)C2=O)NC3=CC=CC(=C3O)C(=O)N(C)C", ["Navarixin is an orally available small molecule antagonist of the C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 1 (CXCR1; interleukin-8 receptor alpha; IL8RA) and 2 (CXCR2; interleukin-8 receptor beta; IL8RB), with potential immunomodulating and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, navarixin binds to and inhibits the activation of CXCR 1 and 2. This inhibits CXCR1/2-mediated signaling, reduces both recruitment and migration of immunosuppressive myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and neutrophils in the tumor microenvironment (TME), inhibits inflammatory processes and abrogates the immunosuppressive nature of the TME. This allows effector cells, such as natural killer (NK) cells and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLs), to kill and eliminate cancer cells. This inhibits tumor cell migration, metastasis, angiogenesis and tumor cell proliferation. CXCR 1 and 2, G protein-coupled receptor proteins located on myeloid cells and certain tumor cells, play key roles in the immunosuppressive nature of the TME, tumor metastasis, therapy-resistance, myeloid cell suppression, and inflammation."]], ["NeoSTX", "C1CN2C(=N)N([C@H]([C@H]3[C@]2(C1(O)O)NC(=N3)N)COC(=O)N)O", ["Neosaxitoxin is a pyrrolopurine that is saxitoxin carrying a hydroxy substituent on the nitrogen atom at position 5. It is a sodium channel blocker that is undergoing clinical trials as a prolonged-duration local anesthetic. It has a role as a marine metabolite, a neurotoxin, a toxin, a local anaesthetic, a cyanotoxin, a voltage-gated sodium channel blocker and an anti-inflammatory agent. It is an alkaloid, a carbamate ester, a member of guanidines, a ketone hydrate, a pyrrolopurine, a member of hydroxylamines and a paralytic shellfish toxin. It is functionally related to a saxitoxin.", "Neosaxitoxin is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01786655 (Safety Study of Long-Acting Local Anesthetic).", "NeoSTX is a natural product found in Saxidomus nuttalli, Aphanizomenon, and other organisms with data available."]], ["Nexium 24hr", "CC1=CN=C(C(=C1OC)C)C[S@](=O)C2=NC3=C([N-]2)C=CC(=C3)OC.CC1=CN=C(C(=C1OC)C)C[S@](=O)C2=NC3=C([N-]2)C=CC(=C3)OC.O.O.O.[Mg+2]", ["Esomeprazole Magnesium is the magnesium salt of esomeprazole, the S-isomer of omeprazole, with gastric proton pump inhibitor activity. In the acidic compartment of parietal cells, esomeprazole is protonated and converted into the active achiral sulphenamide; the active sulphenamide forms one or more covalent disulfide bonds with the proton pump hydrogen-potassium adenosine triphosphatase (H+/K+ ATPase), thereby inhibiting its activity and the parietal cell secretion of H+ ions into the gastric lumen, the final step in gastric acid production. H+/K+ ATPase is an integral membrane protein of the gastric parietal cell.", "The S-isomer of omeprazole."]], ["Allopregnan-3beta-ol-20-one", "CC(=O)[C@H]1CC[C@@H]2[C@@]1(CC[C@H]3[C@H]2CCC4[C@@]3(CC[C@@H](C4)O)C)C", ["A pregnane found in the urine of pregnant women and sows. It has anesthetic, hypnotic, and sedative properties."]], ["Hexanamide, 2,6-diamino-N-(4-(5-amino-6,8-difluoro-7-methyl-4-oxo-4H-1-benzopyran-2-yl)-2-fluorophenyl)-, (2S)-, dimethanesulfonate", "CC1=C(C(=C2C(=O)C=C(OC2=C1F)C3=CC(=C(C=C3)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)N)F)N)F.CS(=O)(=O)O.CS(=O)(=O)O", ["Aminoflavone Prodrug AFP464 is a synthetic lysyl prodrug of the amino-substituted flavone derivate aminoflavone with antiproliferative and antineoplastic activities. AFP464 is rapidly converted to aminoflavone in plasma. Aminoflavone activates the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) signaling pathway leading to an increase in cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) and cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) expression and, to a lesser extent, an increase in cytochrome P450 1B1 (CYP1B1) expression. Subsequently, aminoflavone is metabolized to toxic metabolites by the cytochromome P450 enzymes that it induces; these toxic metabolites covalently bind to DNA, resulting in the phosphorylation of p53, the induction of the p53 downstream target p21Waf1/Cip1, and apoptosis. Pulmonary toxicity may be dose-limiting."]], ["alpha-Hydroxylinoleic acid", "CCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCCCC(C(=O)O)O", ["2-hydroxylinoleic acid is a 2-hydroxy fatty acid derived from linoleic acid. It has a role as an Arabidopsis thaliana metabolite, an antineoplastic agent, a PPARalpha agonist and a PPARgamma agonist. It is a 2-hydroxy fatty acid, a long-chain fatty acid and a HODE. It is functionally related to a linoleic acid.", "alpha-Hydroxylinoleic acid is under investigation in clinical trial NCT04431258 (ABTL0812 in Combination With FOLFIRINOX for First-line Treatment of Metastatic Pancreatic Study).", "mTORC1/mTORC2/DHFR Inhibitor ABTL0812 is an orally bioavailable, lipid analogue and inhibitor of raptor-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) (mTOR complex 1; mTORC1), rictor-mTOR (mTOR complex 2; mTORC2) and dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, mTORC1/mTORC2/DHFR inhibitor ABTL0812 binds to and inhibits both mTORC1 and mTORC2, which may result in apoptosis and a decrease in proliferation in mTORC1/2-expressing tumor cells. mTOR is a serine/threonine kinase that is upregulated in some tumors; it plays an important role in the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway which is often deregulated in cancer cells. In addition, ABTL0812 inhibits DHFR, an enzyme that reduces dihydrofolic acid to tetrahydrofolic acid, thereby blocking tetrahydrofolate synthesis, and resulting in both the depletion of nucleotide precursors and the inhibition of DNA, RNA and protein synthesis. This induces autophagy-induced cell death and further inhibition of cell proliferation."]], ["sodium;(5Z)-5-[(3aR,4R,5R,6aS)-5-hydroxy-4-[(E,3S)-3-hydroxyoct-1-enyl]-3,3a,4,5,6,6a-hexahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-2-ylidene]pentanoic acid", "CCCCC[C@@H](/C=C/[C@H]1[C@@H](C[C@H]2[C@@H]1C/C(=C/CCCC(=O)O)/O2)O)O.[Na+]", ["Epoprostenol is an oral prostacyclin and a metabolite of arachidonic acid with antihypertensive and platelet inhibitory properties. Epoprostenol binds to prostacyclin receptors on platelet surfaces, subsequently activating platelet membrane adenyl cyclase and resulting in increased cAMP levels. The elevated cAMP triggers signal transduction that leads to vasodilations. In addition, this agent also functions as an antagonist of thromboxane A2, thereby resulting in direct vasodilation of pulmonary and systemic arterial vascular beds, and inhibition of platelet aggregation.", "A prostaglandin that is a powerful vasodilator and inhibits platelet aggregation. It is biosynthesized enzymatically from PROSTAGLANDIN ENDOPEROXIDES in human vascular tissue. The sodium salt has been also used to treat primary pulmonary hypertension (HYPERTENSION, PULMONARY)."]], ["(Dichloromethylene)bisphosphonic acid, sodium salt", "C(P(=O)(O)O)(P(=O)(O)O)(Cl)Cl.[Na+]", ["A diphosphonate which affects calcium metabolism. It inhibits bone resorption and soft tissue calcification."]], ["Somsanit", "C(CC(=O)O)CO.[Na+]", ["The sodium salt of 4-hydroxybutyric acid. It is used for both induction and maintenance of ANESTHESIA."]], ["Lumateperone", "CN1CCN2[C@H]3CCN(C[C@H]3C4=C2C1=CC=C4)CCCC(=O)C5=CC=C(C=C5)F", ["Schizophrenia is a complex mental illness and impacts approximately 1% of the population. Although there are several antipsychotics including [aripiprazole], [paliperidone] and [clozapine] available for clinical use, they are generally accompanied by significant metabolic and/or neurological adverse effects.  Lumateperone is a newly approved 2nd generation antipsychotic currently indicated for the treatment of schizophrenia. It has a unique receptor binding profile and differs from other antipsychotics in that it modulates glutamate, serotonin and dopamine, which are all neurotransmitters that contribute to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.  The data so far indicates that lumateperone can alleviate both positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Further, not only is the new antipsychotic selective for dopamine (D2) receptors in the mesolimbic and mesocortical brain regions, but it also has minimal off-target activity. Both characteristics lend to a more favourable adverse effect profile and ultimately safer drug.", "Lumateperone is an Atypical Antipsychotic.", "Lumateperone is a second generation (atypical) antipsychotic agent that is used in the treatment of schizophrenia. Lumateperone is associated with a low rate of serum aminotransferase elevations during therapy, but has not been linked to instances of clinically apparent acute liver injury."]], ["Diazene, (4-((4-butylphenyl)azo)phenyl)(4-propoxyphenyl)-, (E,E)-", "CCCCC1=CC=C(C=C1)N=NC2=CC=C(C=C2)N=NC3=CC=C(C=C3)OCCC", ["G207 is cancer-killing viruses, so-called oncolytic viruses, for the treatment of various forms of cancer developed by MediGene AG. These viruses are specific herpes simplex viruses, or HSVs, generally known as the cause of cold sores. MediGene uses these viruses, however, in a modified and \"disarmed\" form in order to make them utilizable as a therapeutic agent in humans."]], ["(4S)-4-((1R,2S)-2-Hydroxy-1,4-dimethyl-3-cyclohexen-1-yl)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-4-methyl-2-cyclopenten-1-one", "CC1=C[C@@H]([C@@](CC1)(C)[C@]2(CC(=O)C=C2CO)C)O", ["(4S)-4-((1R,2S)-2-Hydroxy-1,4-dimethyl-3-cyclohexen-1-yl)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-4-methyl-2-cyclopenten-1-one is a natural product found in Fusarium sambucinum and Fusarium sporotrichioides with data available."]], ["Hetacillin(1-)", "CC1([C@@H](N2[C@H](S1)[C@@H](C2=O)N3C(=O)[C@H](NC3(C)C)C4=CC=CC=C4)C(=O)[O-])C", ["Hetacillin(1-) is a penicillinate anion. It is a conjugate base of a hetacillin.", "Hetacillin Potassium is the potassium salt of hetacillin, a semi-synthetic penicillin antibiotic with bactericidal activity. Hetacillin is a prodrug that is converted to ampicillin via esterases. Ampicillin binds to and inactivated penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall, thereby preventing the cross-linkage of peptidoglycans, which are critical components of the bacterial cell wall. This leads to an interruption of the bacterial cell wall and causes bacterial cell lysis."]], ["Piperacillin(1-)", "CCN1CCN(C(=O)C1=O)C(=O)N[C@H](C2=CC=CC=C2)C(=O)N[C@H]3[C@@H]4N(C3=O)[C@H](C(S4)(C)C)C(=O)[O-]", ["Piperacillin(1-) is a penicillinate anion. It is a conjugate base of a piperacillin."]], ["Pyopen", "CC1([C@@H](N2[C@H](S1)[C@@H](C2=O)NC(=O)C(C3=CC=CC=C3)C(=O)[O-])C(=O)[O-])C", ["Carbenicillin(2-) is a penicillinate anion. It is a conjugate base of a carbenicillin.", "Broad-spectrum semisynthetic penicillin derivative used parenterally. It is susceptible to gastric juice and penicillinase and may damage platelet function."]], ["(11R,13S)-3-amino-5,12,13,14-tetrahydroxy-14-(hydroxymethyl)-8,10-dioxa-2-aza-4-azoniatetracyclo[7.3.1.17,11.01,6]tetradec-3-en-9-olate", "C(C1([C@H]2C(C34[C@@H](C(O2)(OC1C3C([NH+]=C(N4)N)O)[O-])O)O)O)O", ["An aminoperhydroquinazoline poison found mainly in the liver and ovaries of fishes in the order tetraodontiformes, which are eaten. The toxin causes paresthesia and paralysis through interference with neuromuscular conduction. Tetrodotoxin is being investigated by Wex Pharmaceuticals for the treatment of chronic and breakthrough pain in advanced cancer patients as well as for the treatment of opioid dependence."]], ["2-amino-4,6-dimethyl-3-oxo-1-N,9-N-bis[(3S,6S,7S,10S,16S)-7,11,14-trimethyl-2,5,9,12,15-pentaoxo-3,10-di(propan-2-yl)-8-oxa-1,4,11,14-tetrazabicyclo[14.3.0]nonadecan-6-yl]phenoxazine-1,9-dicarboxamide", "C[C@H]1[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N2CCC[C@H]2C(=O)N(CC(=O)N([C@H](C(=O)O1)C(C)C)C)C)C(C)C)NC(=O)C3=C4C(=C(C=C3)C)OC5=C(C(=O)C(=C(C5=N4)C(=O)N[C@H]6[C@@H](OC(=O)[C@@H](N(C(=O)CN(C(=O)[C@@H]7CCCN7C(=O)[C@@H](NC6=O)C(C)C)C)C)C(C)C)C)N)C", ["Actinomycin d appears as bright red rhomboid prisms or red powder. (NTP, 1992)", "A compound composed of a two CYCLIC PEPTIDES attached to a phenoxazine that is derived from STREPTOMYCES parvullus. It binds to DNA and inhibits RNA synthesis (transcription), with chain elongation more sensitive than initiation, termination, or release. As a result of impaired mRNA production, protein synthesis also declines after dactinomycin therapy. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p2015)"]], ["48-[3-(4-Amino-5-hydroxy-4,6-dimethyloxan-2-yl)oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-22-(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-5,15-dichloro-2,18,32,35,37-pentahydroxy-19-[[4-methyl-2-(methylamino)pentanoyl]amino]-20,23,26,42,44-pentaoxo-7,13-dioxa-21,24,27,41,43-pentazaoctacyclo[26.14.2.23,6.214,17.18,12.129,33.010,25.034,39]pentaconta-3,5,8(48),9,11,14,16,29(45),30,32,34(39),35,37,46,49-pentadecaene-40-carboxylic acid;hydrochloride", "CC1C(C(CC(O1)OC2C(C(C(OC2OC3=C4C=C5C=C3OC6=C(C=C(C=C6)C(C(C(=O)NC(C(=O)NC5C(=O)NC7C8=CC(=C(C=C8)O)C9=C(C=C(C=C9O)O)C(NC(=O)C(C(C1=CC(=C(O4)C=C1)Cl)O)NC7=O)C(=O)O)CC(=O)N)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC)O)Cl)CO)O)O)(C)N)O.Cl", ["Vancomycin hydrochloride is an antibacterial prescription medicine approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of certain bacterial infections, such as infections caused by Clostridium difficile and Staphylococcus aureus.", "Vancomycin Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt of vancomycin, a branched tricyclic glycosylated peptide with bactericidal activity against most organisms and bacteriostatic effect on enterococci. At a site different from that of penicillins and cephalosporins, vancomycin binds tightly to the D-alanyl-D-alanine portion of cell wall precursors, thereby interfering with bacterial cell wall synthesis. This leads to activation of bacterial autolysins that destroy the cell wall by lysis. Vancomycin may also alter the permeability of bacterial cytoplasmic membranes and may selectively inhibit RNA synthesis.", "Antibacterial obtained from Streptomyces orientalis. It is a glycopeptide related to RISTOCETIN that inhibits bacterial cell wall assembly and is toxic to kidneys and the inner ear."]], ["3-[[2-[2-[2-[[2-[[4-[[2-[[6-amino-2-[3-amino-1-[(2,3-diamino-3-oxopropyl)amino]-3-oxopropyl]-5-methylpyrimidine-4-carbonyl]amino]-3-[3-[4-carbamoyloxy-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-3-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)propanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxy-2-methylpentanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxybutanoyl]amino]ethyl]-1,3-thiazol-4-yl]-1,3-thiazole-4-carbonyl]amino]propyl-dimethylsulfanium;hydrogen sulfate", "CC1=C(N=C(N=C1N)C(CC(=O)N)NCC(C(=O)N)N)C(=O)NC(C(C2=CN=CN2)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)OC(=O)N)O)C(=O)NC(C)C(C(C)C(=O)NC(C(C)O)C(=O)NCCC5=NC(=CS5)C6=NC(=CS6)C(=O)NCCC[S+](C)C)O.OS(=O)(=O)[O-]", ["Bleomycin Sulfate is a mixture of the sulfate salts of basic glycopeptide antineoplastic antibiotics isolated from Streptomyces verticillus. Bleomycin sulfate forms complexes with iron that reduce molecular oxygen to superoxide and hydroxyl radicals which cause single- and double-stranded breaks in DNA; these reactive oxygen species also induce lipid peroxidation, carbohydrate oxidation, and alterations in prostaglandin synthesis and degradation.", "A complex of related glycopeptide antibiotics from Streptomyces verticillus consisting of bleomycin A2 and B2. It inhibits DNA metabolism and is used as an antineoplastic, especially for solid tumors."]], ["acetic acid;N-[21-(2-aminoethylamino)-3-(3-amino-1-hydroxypropyl)-6-[1,2-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-11,20,25-trihydroxy-15-(1-hydroxyethyl)-2,5,8,14,17,23-hexaoxo-1,4,7,13,16,22-hexazatricyclo[22.3.0.09,13]heptacosan-18-yl]-10,12-dimethyltetradecanamide", "CCC(C)CC(C)CCCCCCCCC(=O)NC1CC(C(NC(=O)C2C(CCN2C(=O)C(NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C3CC(CN3C(=O)C(NC1=O)C(C)O)O)C(C(C4=CC=C(C=C4)O)O)O)C(CCN)O)O)NCCN)O.CC(=O)O.CC(=O)O", ["Caspofungin Acetate is the acetate salt of an antimycotic echinocandin lipopeptide, semisynthetically derived from a fermentation product of the fungus Glarea lozoyensis. Caspofungin inhibits 1,3-beta-glucan synthase, resulting in decreased synthesis of beta(1,3)-D-glucan (an essential component of the fungal cell wall), weakening of the fungal cell wall, and fungal cell wall rupture. This agent is active against Aspergillus and Candida species.", "A cyclic lipopeptide echinocandin and beta-(1,3)-D-glucan synthase inhibitor that is used to treat internal or systemic MYCOSES."]], ["(Z)-Entacapone", "CCN(CC)C(=O)/C(=C\\C1=CC(=C(C(=C1)O)O)[N+](=O)[O-])/C#N", ["2-cyano-3-(3,4-dihydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)-N,N-diethyl-2-propenamide is a hydroxycinnamic acid."]], ["8-Methyl-3-(2-propylpentanoyloxy)tropinium bromide", "CCCC(CCC)C(=O)OC1CC2CCC(C1)[N+]2(C)C.[Br-]", ["Anisotropine methylbromide is a quaternary ammonium salt resulting from the reaction of the amino group of anisotropine with methyl bromide. It has a role as an anti-ulcer drug, a muscarinic antagonist and a parasympatholytic. It is an organic bromide salt and a quaternary ammonium salt.", "Anisotropine methylbromide is a quaternary ammonium compound. Its use as treatment adjunct in peptic ulcer has been replaced by the use of more effective agents. Depending on the dose, anisotropine methylbromide may reduce the motility and secretory activity of the gastrointestinal system, and the tone of the ureter and urinary bladder and may have a slight relaxant action on the bile ducts and gallbladder. In general, smaller doses of anisotropine methylbromide inhibit salivary and bronchial secretions, sweating, and accommodation; cause dilatation of the pupil; and increase the heart rate. Larger doses are required to decrease motility of the gastrointestinal and urinary tracts and to inhibit gastric acid secretion."]], ["Beryllium;copper", "[Be+2].[Cu+2]", ["Beryllium copper is a metal alloy of beryllium and copper. It is used in springs, load cells, batteries, electrical connectors, tools and intruments. Beryllium is a lightweight alkaline earth metal with the atomic number 4. It is a relatively rare element found naturally only combined with other elements in minerals. Copper is a chemical element with the symbol Cu and atomic number 29. Copper is an essential elements in plants and animals as it is required for the normal functioning of more than 30 enzymes. It occurs naturally throughout the environment in rocks, soil, water, and air. (L277, L278, L24, L26)"]], ["6-(3-Acetamido-2,5-dihydroxy-6-sulfooxyoxan-4-yl)oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid", "CC(=O)NC1C(C(C(OC1O)OS(=O)(=O)O)O)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)C(=O)O)O)O)O", ["Chondroitin sulfate is a glycosaminoglycan considered as a symptomatic slow-acting drug for osteoarthritis (SYSADOA). The SYSADOA status suggested a pain relief and increased joint mobility after a relative long regular administration, as well as a long-lasting effect after the end of the treatment. Chondroitin sulfate is composed of alternating 1,3-N-acetyl-\u03b2-d-galactosamine and 1,4-\u03b2-d-glucuronic acid units which bear 4-O- and/or 6-O-sulfations at the N-acetylgalactosamine units disposed of in specific patterns. Depending on the predominating disaccharide unit, it will present different biological activities. Chondroitin sulfate is sold as an OTC dietary supplement in North America and it is a prescription drug under the EMA in Europe.", "Derivatives of chondroitin which have a sulfate moiety esterified to the galactosamine moiety of chondroitin. Chondroitin sulfate A, or chondroitin 4-sulfate, and chondroitin sulfate C, or chondroitin 6-sulfate, have the sulfate esterified in the 4- and 6-positions, respectively. Chondroitin sulfate B (beta heparin; DERMATAN SULFATE) is a misnomer and this compound is not a true chondroitin sulfate."]], ["CID 21874242", "CCC12C=CCN3C1C4(CC3)C(C(C2OC(=O)C)(C(=O)OC)O)N(C5=CC(=C(C=C45)C6(CC7CC(CN(C7)CC8=C6NC9=CC=CC=C89)C(C)(F)F)C(=O)OC)OC)C", ["Vinflunine is a bi-fluorinated derivative of the semi-synthetic vinca alkaloid vinorelbine with antitubulin, antineoplastic, and antiangiogenic activities. Vinflunine inhibits tubulin assembly without any stablization of assembled microtubules at concentrations comparable to those of other vinca alkaloids such as vincristine, vinblastine and vinorelbine; this effect on microtubule dynamics results in cell cycle arrest in mitosis and apoptosis. Compared to other vinca alkaloids, this agent binds weakly to the vinca-binding site, indicating that vinflunine may exhibit reduced neurotoxicity."]], ["Human Menopausal Gonadotrophin", "CC(C)(C)CCCCC=O", ["Menotropins contains follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) purified from the urine of postmenopausal women.  It is used as a fertility medication that is injected either subcutaneously or intramuscularly. It is composed of LH with 2 subunits, alpha = 92 residues, beta = 121 residues and FSH with 2 subunits, alpha = 92 residues, beta=111 residues.", "Extracts of urine from menopausal women that contain high concentrations of pituitary gonadotropins, FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE and LUTEINIZING HORMONE. Menotropins are used to treat infertility. The FSH:LH ratio and degree of purity vary in different preparations."]], ["methyl N-[5-[3-amino-5-[3-amino-5-[3-amino-5-[3-amino-5-[3-amino-5-[3-amino-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-2-[5-amino-6-[5-amino-4,6-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]carbamate", "COC(=O)NC1C(C(C(OC1OC2C(OC(C(C2O)N)OC3C(OC(C(C3O)N)O)CO)CO)CO)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)CO)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)CO)OC9C(C(C(C(O9)CO)O)O)N)O)N)O)N)O)N)O)N)O)N)O", ["Deacetylated CHITIN, a linear polysaccharide of deacetylated beta-1,4-D-glucosamine. It is used in HYDROGEL and to treat WOUNDS."]], ["Dreft", "CCCCCCCCCCCCOS(=O)(=O)O.[Na+]", ["An anionic surfactant, usually a mixture of sodium alkyl sulfates, mainly the lauryl; lowers surface tension of aqueous solutions; used as fat emulsifier, wetting agent, detergent in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and toothpastes; also as research tool in protein biochemistry."]], ["Invertose", "C(C(C(C(C(C=O)O)O)O)O)O.C(C(C(C(C(=O)CO)O)O)O)O", ["Invert sugar is obtained from sugar cane when this is treated with dilute acid or with the invertase enzyme. It is formed by an equal amount of glucose and fructose. It differentiates from sugar cane in the rotation of the polarized light, which in the case of invert sugar it is to the left (levorotatory). Invert sugar is FDA approved since 1988 as a safe substance (GRAS)."]], ["D-(+)-Glucosamine Sulfate", "C(C(C(C(C(C=O)N)O)O)O)O.OS(=O)(=O)O", ["Glucosamine Sulfate is an amino sugar (2-amino, 2-deoxyglucose) in cell membranes, Glucosamine Sulfate is believed to play a role in cartilage formation and repair. Long-term glucosamine sulfate treatment retards progression of knee osteoarthritis; the mechanism appears to involve glucosamine's role as an essential substrate for glycosaminoglycans and hyaluronic acid, needed for formation of the joint proteoglycan structural matrix. (NCI04)"]], ["(E)-but-2-enedioic acid;2-chloro-10-[3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl]phenothiazine", "CN1CCN(CC1)CCCN2C3=C(SC4=CC=CC=C24)C=CC(=C3)Cl.C(=C/C(=O)O)\\C(=O)O.C(=C/C(=O)O)\\C(=O)O", ["Prochlorperazine Maleate is the maleate salt form of prochlorperazine, a synthetic, piperazine phenothiazine derivative with antiemetic, antipsychotic, antihistaminic, and anticholinergic activities. Prochlorperazine binds to and blocks the postsynaptic dopamine D2-receptor in the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) of the brain and may prevent chemotherapy-induced emesis. Prochlorperazine maleate also blocks anticholinergic and alpha-adrenergic receptors. Its antagonistic actions on the alpha-1 adrenergic receptors results in sedation, muscle relaxation, and hypotension.", "A phenothiazine antipsychotic used principally in the treatment of NAUSEA; VOMITING; and VERTIGO. It is more likely than CHLORPROMAZINE to cause EXTRAPYRAMIDAL DISORDERS. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p612)"]], ["Dalfopristina", "CCN(CC)CCS(=O)(=O)[C@@H]1CCN2C1C(=O)O[C@@H]([C@@H](/C=C\\C(=O)NC/C=C\\C(=C/[C@H](CC(=O)CC3=NC(=CO3)C2=O)O)\\C)C)C(C)C", ["Dalfopristin is a semi-synthetic derivative of streptogramin A produced by streptomycetes. Dalfopristin inhibits the early phase of protein synthesis in the bacterial ribosome by binding to the 70S subunit, and also alters the configuration of the ribosome to make it more susceptible for streptogramin B binding. Dalfopristin is used in combination with quinopristin, a streptogramin B derivative. This combination is active against most gram-positive organisms, including Enterococcus faecium, and is also active against some gram-negative organisms and mycoplasma."]], ["(6R,7S,10R,11R,12Z,17Z,19Z,21S)-6-[2-(diethylamino)ethylsulfonyl]-21-hydroxy-11,19-dimethyl-10-propan-2-yl-9,26-dioxa-3,15,28-triazatricyclo[23.2.1.03,7]octacosa-1(27),12,17,19,25(28)-pentaene-2,8,14,23-tetrone", "CCN(CC)CCS(=O)(=O)[C@@H]1CCN2[C@H]1C(=O)O[C@@H]([C@@H](/C=C\\C(=O)NC/C=C\\C(=C/[C@H](CC(=O)CC3=NC(=CO3)C2=O)O)\\C)C)C(C)C", ["Dalfopristin is a semi-synthetic derivative of streptogramin A produced by streptomycetes. Dalfopristin inhibits the early phase of protein synthesis in the bacterial ribosome by binding to the 70S subunit, and also alters the configuration of the ribosome to make it more susceptible for streptogramin B binding. Dalfopristin is used in combination with quinopristin, a streptogramin B derivative. This combination is active against most gram-positive organisms, including Enterococcus faecium, and is also active against some gram-negative organisms and mycoplasma."]], ["Icotinib", "C#CC1=CC(=CC=C1)NC2=NC=NC3=CC4=C(C=C32)OCCOCCOCCO4", ["Icotinib is a potent and specific epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) Icotinib was approved in China by the SFDA in June, 2011 and in January 2014, Beta Pharma, Inc. was given a \u201cMay Proceed\u201d from the US FDA to conduct a Phase I study for the evaluation of icotinib as a treatment of EGFR+ Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC).", "Icotinib is an orally available quinazoline-based inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), with potential antineoplastic activity. Icotinib selectively inhibits the wild-type and several mutated forms of EGFR tyrosine kinase. This may lead to an inhibition of EGFR-mediated signal transduction and may inhibit cancer cell proliferation. EGFR, a receptor tyrosine kinase, has been upregulated in a variety of cancer cell types."]], ["CID 22042066", "CO/N=C(\\C1=CSC(=N1)N)/C(=O)NC2C3N(C2=O)C(=C(CS3)CSC(=O)C4=CC=CO4)C(=O)O.Cl", ["Ceftiofur Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of ceftiofur, a semisynthetic, beta-lactamase-stable, broad-spectrum, third-generation cephalosporin with antibacterial activity. Ceftiofur binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall. PBPs are enzymes involved in the terminal stages of assembling the bacterial cell wall and in reshaping the cell wall during growth and division. Inactivation of PBPs interferes with the cross-linkage of peptidoglycan chains necessary for bacterial cell wall strength and rigidity. This results in the weakening of the bacterial cell wall and causes cell lysis."]], ["3-(3-Bromo-4-((2,4-difluorobenzyl)oxy)-6-methyl-2-oxopyridin-1(2H)-yl)-N,4-dimethylbenzamide", "CC1=C(C=C(C=C1)C(=O)NC)N2C(=CC(=C(C2=O)Br)OCC3=C(C=C(C=C3)F)F)C", ["PH 797804 is a member of the class of benzamides obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 3-{3-bromo-4-[(2,4-difluorobenzyl)oxy]-6-methyl-2-oxopyridin-1-yl}-4-methylbenzoic acid with the amino group of methylamine. It has a role as an EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor and an anti-inflammatory agent. It is a member of benzamides, an organofluorine compound, a pyridone, an organobromine compound and an aromatic ether.", "PH-797804 has been investigated for the treatment of Osteoarthritis."]], ["4-Phenylbutyrate", "C1=CC=C(C=C1)CCCC(=O)[O-]", ["4-phenylbutyrate is a carboxylic acid anion obtained by the removal of proton from the carboxy group of 4-phenylbutyric acid. It is a conjugate base of a 4-phenylbutyric acid."]], ["Ferric citrate monohydrate", "C(C(=O)[O-])C(CC(=O)[O-])(C(=O)[O-])O.O.[Fe+3]", ["Iron(III) citrate monohydrate is a hydrate that is the monohydrate form of iron(III) citrate. It is an iron-based phosphate binder approved for hyperphosphataemia in patients with chronic kidney disease. It contains an iron(III) citrate."]], ["Divalproex", "[H+].CCCC(CCC)C(=O)[O-].CCCC(CCC)C(=O)[O-].[Na+]", ["Divalproex Sodium is a stable coordination compound comprised of sodium valproate and valproic acid with anticonvulsant and antiepileptic activities. Divalproex dissociates to the valproate ion in the gastrointestinal tract. This agent binds to and inhibits gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transaminase and its anticonvulsant activity may be exerted by increasing brain concentration of GABA and by inhibiting enzymes that catabolize GABA or block the reuptake of GABA into glia and nerve endings. Divalproex may also work by suppressing repetitive neuronal firing through inhibition of voltage-sensitive sodium channels.", "A fatty acid with anticonvulsant and anti-manic properties that is used in the treatment of EPILEPSY and BIPOLAR DISORDER. The mechanisms of its therapeutic actions are not well understood. It may act by increasing GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID levels in the brain or by altering the properties of VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS."]], ["CID 22524140", "CCC/C=C/C=C/C(=O)O[C@H]1/C(=C/C(=O)OC)/C[C@H]2C[C@@H](OC(=O)C[C@@H](C[C@@H]3C[C@@H](C([C@@](O3)(C[C@@H]4C/C(=C/C(=O)OC)/C[C@@H](O4)/C=C\\C([C@@]1(O2)O)(C)C)O)(C)C)OC(=O)C)O)[C@@H](C)O", ["LSM-6313 is an organooxygen compound. It is functionally related to a hexacarboxylic acid.", "Bryostatin 1 has been investigated for the treatment of HIV Infection and Alzheimer's Disease."]], ["3-Amino-4-((2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-yl)oxy)-5-(1-methyl-1H-indazol-5-yl)benzenepropanoic acid", "CN1C2=C(C=C(C=C2)C3=C(C(=CC(=C3)CCC(=O)O)N)OC4CC5=CC=CC=C5C4)C=N1", ["AK106-001616 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01285752 (A Study of AK106-001616 in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA))."]], ["3-(4-(3-(ethylsulfonyl)propyl)bicyclo[2.2.2]octan-1-yl)-4-methyl-5-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazole", "CCS(=O)(=O)CCCC12CCC(CC1)(CC2)C3=NN=C(N3C)C4=CC=CC=C4C(F)(F)F", ["MK-0736 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT00679055 (A Study of How MK-0736 Affects Arterial Plaque (0736-006)(TERMINATED))."]], ["Technetium (99mTc) sestamibi", "CC(C)(C[N+]#[C-])OC.CC(C)(C[N+]#[C-])OC.CC(C)(C[N+]#[C-])OC.CC(C)(C[N+]#[C-])OC.CC(C)(C[N+]#[C-])OC.CC(C)(C[N+]#[C-])OC.[Tc]", ["Technetium Tc-99m sestamibi (commonly sestamibi) is a pharmaceutical agent used in nuclear medicine imaging. The drug is a coordination complex consisting of the radioisotope technetium-99m bound to six methoxyisobutylisonitrile (MIBI) ligands, hence the name sesta (6) MIBI.. Following intravenous injection of the drug, Technetium Tc-99m sestamibi is taken up by the myocardium, parathyroid, and/or breast tissue. The mechanism by which sestamibi localizes to these tissues has not been established. Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) is then performed to detect the gamma ray emmitted by the decay of Technetium-99m to Technetium-99.  Currently available within a preparation kit for injection, Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi is indicated for: 1) detecting coronary artery disease by localizing myocardial ischemia (reversible defects) and infarction (non-reversible defects); and 2) evaluating myocardial function and developing information for use in patient management decisions.", "Technetium tc-99m sestamibi is a Radioactive Diagnostic Agent. The mechanism of action of technetium tc-99m sestamibi is as a Radiopharmaceutical Activity.", "Technetium Tc-99m Sestamibi is sestamibi is a large synthetic molecule of the isonitrile family, which can be labeled with Tc99m.  It passes through cells membranes passively, collecting in cells with large numbers of mitochondria.  It is often used for imaging of the thyroid and parathyroid.", "A technetium imaging agent used to reveal blood-starved cardiac tissue during a heart attack."]], ["Dextrose Monohydrate", "C([C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](C=O)O)O)O)O)O.O", ["Dextrose Monohydrate is the monohydrate form of D-glucose, a natural monosaccharide and carbohydrate. Dextrose serves to replenish lost nutrients and electrolytes. The agent provides metabolic energy and is the primary ingredient in oral rehydration salts (ORS) and is used in intravenous (IV) fluids to provide nutrients to patients under intensive care who are unable to receive them by the oral route. Solutions containing dextrose restore blood glucose levels, provide calories, may aid in minimizing liver glycogen depletion and exerts a protein-sparing action. Dextrose also plays a role in the production of proteins and in lipid metabolism.", "A primary source of energy for living organisms. It is naturally occurring and is found in fruits and other parts of plants in its free state. It is used therapeutically in fluid and nutrient replacement."]], ["Copper;3-(3-ethylcyclopentyl)propanoate", "CCC1CCC(C1)CCC(=O)[O-].CCC1CCC(C1)CCC(=O)[O-].[Cu+2]", ["Copper naphthenate is a chemical compound of copper. Copper is a chemical element with the symbol Cu and atomic number 29. Copper is an essential elements in plants and animals as it is required for the normal functioning of more than 30 enzymes. It occurs naturally throughout the environment in rocks, soil, water, and air. (L277, L278)"]], ["(2S)-6-amino-2-{N-hydroxy[(3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]amino}hexanoic acid", "C(CCN)C[C@@H](C(=O)O)N(C1[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@H](O1)CO)O)O)O)O", ["Galactosylhydroxylysine is a glyco-amino acid."]], ["(2S,3S,4R,5R,6R)-6-{[(2S,3S,4S,5R,6S)-6-{[(2R,3S,4S,5R)-2-carboxy-4,6-dihydroxy-5-(sulfooxy)oxan-3-yl]oxy}-2-hydroxy-4-(sulfomethyl)-5-(sulfooxy)oxan-3-yl]oxy}-3-{[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-acetamido-4,5-dihydroxy-6-[(sulfooxy)methyl]oxan-2-yl]oxy}-4,5-dihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid", "CC(=O)N[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O[C@@H]1O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O[C@@H]2C(=O)O)O[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](O[C@@H]3O)O[C@H]4[C@@H]([C@H](C(O[C@H]4C(=O)O)O)OS(=O)(=O)O)O)OS(=O)(=O)O)CS(=O)(=O)O)O)O)COS(=O)(=O)O)O)O", ["A highly acidic mucopolysaccharide formed of equal parts of sulfated D-glucosamine and D-glucuronic acid with sulfaminic bridges. The molecular weight ranges from six to twenty thousand. Heparin occurs in and is obtained from liver, lung, mast cells, etc., of vertebrates. Its function is unknown, but it is used to prevent blood clotting in vivo and vitro, in the form of many different salts."]], ["Tetrahydroprogesterone", "CC(=O)[C@H]1CC[C@@H]2[C@@]1(CC[C@H]3[C@H]2CCC4[C@@]3(CC[C@H](C4)O)C)C", ["A pregnane found in the urine of pregnant women and sows. It has anesthetic, hypnotic, and sedative properties."]], ["cis-5-Tetradecenoylcarnitine", "CCCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCC(=O)OC(CC(=O)[O-])C[N+](C)(C)C", ["(5Z)-tetradecenoylcarnitine is an O-acylcarnitine having (5Z)-tetradecenoyl as the acyl substituent. It has a role as a human metabolite.", "cis-5-Tetradecenoylcarnitine is a natural product found in Euglena gracilis with data available."]], ["Aluminum sesquichlorohydrate", "O.[OH-].[Al+3].[Cl-]", ["Aluminum sesquichlorohydrate is an aluminum salt used as an antiperspirant agent, cosmetic astringent and deodorant agent. It works by physically blocking eccrine sweat gland ducts."]], ["3-(5-Fluoro-1H-indol-3-yl)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione", "C1C(C(=O)NC1=O)C2=CNC3=C2C=C(C=C3)F", ["IDO1 Inhibitor PF-06840003 is an orally available hydroxyamidine and inhibitor of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1), with potential immunomodulating and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, IDO1 inhibitor PF-06840003 targets and binds to IDO1, an enzyme responsible for the oxidation of tryptophan into kynurenine. By inhibiting IDO1 and decreasing kynurenine in tumor cells, PF-06840003 increases and restores the proliferation and activation of various immune cells, including dendritic cells (DCs), natural killer (NK) cells, and T-lymphocytes; PF-06840003 also induces increased interferon (IFN) production, and causes a reduction in tumor-associated regulatory T cells (Tregs). Activation of the immune system, which is suppressed in many cancers, may inhibit the growth of IDO1-expressing tumor cells. IDO1, a cytosolic enzyme responsible for tryptophan catabolism and the conversion of tryptophan into kynurenine, is overexpressed by a variety of tumor cell types and antigen presenting cells (APCs); it plays an important role in immunosuppression. Tryptophan depletion inhibits T-lymphocyte proliferation and activation, and subsequently suppresses the immune system."]], ["Benzoic acid, 4-(((2,3-dihydro-6-((2-methylpropyl)(2-thiazolylsulfonyl)amino)-1H-inden-5-yl)oxy)methyl)-3-methyl-", "CC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C(=O)O)COC2=C(C=C3CCCC3=C2)N(CC(C)C)S(=O)(=O)C4=NC=CS4", ["ONO-8539 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01707901 (A Study of the Effect of ONO-8539 on Oesophageal Pain Hypersensitivity in Patients With Non-erosive Reflux Disease)."]], ["Cysteamine bitartrate", "C(CS)N.C(C(C(=O)O)O)(C(=O)O)O", ["Cysteamine Bitartrate is an aminothiol salt used in the treatment of nephropathic cystinosis. Cysteamine bitartrate enters the cell and reacts with cystine producing cysteine and cysteine-cysteamine mixed disulfide compound, both of which, unlike cystine, can pass through the lysosomal membrane. This prevents the accumulation of cystine crystals in the lysosomes of patients with cystinosis, which can cause considerable damage and eventual destruction of the cells, particularly in the kidneys. (NCI05)", "A mercaptoethylamine compound that is endogenously derived from the COENZYME A degradative pathway. The fact that cysteamine is readily transported into LYSOSOMES where it reacts with CYSTINE to form cysteine-cysteamine disulfide and CYSTEINE has led to its use in CYSTINE DEPLETING AGENTS for the treatment of CYSTINOSIS."]], ["1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl 1-phenyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-isoquinoline-2-carboxylate;butanedioic acid", "C1CN2CCC1C(C2)OC(=O)N3CCC4=CC=CC=C4C3C5=CC=CC=C5.C(CC(=O)O)C(=O)O", ["A quinuclidine and tetrahydroisoquinoline derivative and selective M3 MUSCARINIC ANTAGONIST. It is used as a UROLOGIC AGENT in the treatment of URINARY INCONTINENCE."]], ["Ionamin", "CC(C)(CC1=CC=CC=C1)[NH3+]", ["Phentermine(1+) is an organic cation. It is a conjugate acid of a phentermine.", "A central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic with actions and uses similar to those of DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. It has been used most frequently in the treatment of obesity."]], ["[6-[[(3Z,5E,9Z,13E,15E)-12-[3,4-dihydroxy-6,6-dimethyl-5-(2-methylpropanoyloxy)oxan-2-yl]oxy-11-ethyl-8-hydroxy-18-(1-hydroxyethyl)-9,13,15-trimethyl-2-oxo-1-oxacyclooctadeca-3,5,9,13,15-pentaen-3-yl]methoxy]-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-2-methyloxan-3-yl] 3,5-dichloro-2-ethyl-4,6-dihydroxybenzoate", "CCC1/C=C(\\C(C/C=C/C=C(\\C(=O)OC(C/C=C(/C=C(/C1OC2C(C(C(C(O2)(C)C)OC(=O)C(C)C)O)O)\\C)\\C)C(C)O)/COC3C(C(C(C(O3)C)OC(=O)C4=C(C(=C(C(=C4O)Cl)O)Cl)CC)O)OC)O)/C", ["Fidaxomicin is an antibacterial prescription medicine approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of diarrhea caused by entericinfection with the bacteriumClostridioides difficile.", "Fidaxomicin is a semisynthetic macrolide antibiotic used to treat Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea in adults. Fidaxomicin has minimal systemic absorption and has not been linked to serum enzyme elevations during therapy or to instances of clinically apparent, acute liver injury.", "Fidaxomicin is a narrow-spectrum, 18-membered macrolide antibiotic isolated from the actinomycete Dactylosporangium aurantiacum subsp. hamdenensis with potential antibacterial activity. Although the exact mechanism of action has yet to be fully elucidated, fidaxomicin may bind to and inhibit bacterial DNA-dependent RNA polymerase, thereby inhibiting the initiation of bacterial RNA synthesis. When orally administered, this agent is minimally absorbed into the systemic circulation, acting locally in the gastrointestinal tract. Fidaxomicin appears to be active against pathogenic Gram-positive bacteria, such as clostridia, enterococci, and staphylococci, but does not appear to be active against other beneficial intestinal bacteria.", "A narrow-spectrum macrolide antibacterial agent that is used in the treatment of diarrhea associated with CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE INFECTION."]], ["Zaurategrast ethyl ester", "CCOC(=O)[C@H](CC1=CC=C(C=C1)NC2=NC=CC3=C2C=NC=C3)NC4=C(C(=O)C45CCCCC5)Br", ["CDP323 is an antagonist of the vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) binding to alpha4-integrins (other adhesion molecules), a process thought to be implicated in the pathophysiology of Multiple Sclerosis (MS). It is considered a small-molecule prodrug. CDP323 was originally developed by the British biopharmaceutical company Celltech plc. (now UCB S.A.) and is a putative new drug for oral treatment of multiple sclerosis."]], ["Benzeneacetic acid, a-(hydroxymethyl)-,(1a,2b,4b,5a,7b)-9-methyl-3-oxa-9-azatricyclo[3.3.1.02,4]non-7-yl ester,hydrobromide, trihydrate, (aS)-", "CN1[C@@H]2CC(C[C@H]1[C@H]3[C@@H]2O3)OC(=O)[C@H](CO)C4=CC=CC=C4.O.Br", ["Scopolamine hydrobromide appears as colorless crystals or white powder or solid. Has no odor. pH (of 5% solution): 4-5.5. Slightly efflorescent in dry air. Bitter, acrid taste. (NTP, 1992)", "Scopolamine Hydrobromide is the hydrobromide salt form of scopolamine, a tropane alkaloid derived from plants of the nightshade family (Solanaceae), specifically Hyoscyamus niger and Atropa belladonna, with anticholinergic, antiemetic and antivertigo properties. Structurally similar to acetylcholine, scopolamine antagonizes acetylcholine activity mediated by muscarinic receptors located on structures innervated by postganglionic cholinergic nerves as well as on smooth muscles that respond to acetylcholine but lack cholinergic innervation. The agent is used to cause mydriasis, cycloplegia, to control the secretion of saliva and gastric acid, to slow gut motility, and prevent vomiting.", "An alkaloid from SOLANACEAE, especially DATURA and SCOPOLIA. Scopolamine and its quaternary derivatives act as antimuscarinics like ATROPINE, but may have more central nervous system effects. Its many uses include an anesthetic premedication, the treatment of URINARY INCONTINENCE and MOTION SICKNESS, an antispasmodic, and a mydriatic and cycloplegic."]], ["Oxidanium;2-[bis[2-[carboxylatomethyl-[2-(2-methoxyethylamino)-2-oxoethyl]amino]ethyl]amino]acetate;gadolinium(3+)", "COCCNC(=O)CN(CCN(CCN(CC(=O)NCCOC)CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-].[OH3+].[Gd+3]", ["Gadoversetamide is a paramagnetic extracellular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent that facilitates visualization of abnormal vascularity. When placed in a magnetic field, gadoversetamide decreases T1 (spin-lattice or longitudinal relaxation time) and T2 (spin-spin or transverse relaxation time) values in tissues where it accumulates. At the recommended dose, the effect is primarily on T1 relaxation time, and produces an increase in signal intensity. Gadoversetamide does not cross the intact blood-brain barrier. However, abnormal vascularity or disruption of the blood-brain barrier allows accumulation of gadoversetamide. (NCI05)"]], ["Fevipiprant", "CC1=C(C2=C(N1CC3=C(C=C(C=C3)S(=O)(=O)C)C(F)(F)F)N=CC=C2)CC(=O)O", ["Fevipiprant has been used in trials studying the treatment of Asthma, Atopic Dermatitis, and Allergic Rhinitis."]], ["(Z)-5-((4-(pyridin-4-yl)quinolin-6-yl)methylene)thiazolidine-2,4-dione", "C1=CC2=NC=CC(=C2C=C1/C=C\\3/C(=O)NC(=O)S3)C4=CC=NC=C4", ["GSK1059615 is a thiazolidinone that is the 5-{[4-(pyridin-4-yl)quinolin-6-yl]methylene} derivative of 1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione. A PI3K inhibitor It has a role as an EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor and an antineoplastic agent. It is a member of quinolines, a member of pyridines and a thiazolidinone.", "GSK1059615 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Lymphoma, Solid Tumours, Endometrial Cancer, Solid Tumor Cancer, and Metastatic Breast Cancer.", "PI3K Inhibitor GSK1059615 is a phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor with potential antineoplastic activity. PI3K inhibitor GSK1059615 inhibits PI3K in the PI3K/AKT kinase signaling pathway, which may trigger the translocation of cytosolic Bax to the mitochondrial outer membrane and an increase in mitochondrial membrane permeability, followed by apoptosis. Bax is a member of the proapoptotic Bcl-2 family of proteins. PI3K, an enzyme often overexpressed in cancer cells, plays a crucial role in tumor cell regulation and survival."]], ["Tegoprazan", "CC1=NC2=C(N1)C=C(C=C2O[C@H]3CCOC4=C3C(=CC(=C4)F)F)C(=O)N(C)C", ["Tegoprazan (also known as CJ-12420) is a novel therapeutic developed by CJ Healthcare Corp for treating acid-related gastrointestinal diseases. This drug is a potent and high-selective potassium-competitive acid blocker (P-CAB) with a fast onset of action and the ability to control gastric pH for a prolonged period of time. Tegoprazan\u2019s strong and sustained effect is due to its ability to be slowly cleared from the gastric glands and exertion of effects independent of acid levels. It has also been observed to be efficacious independent of food intake."]], ["Levothyroxine sodium", "C1=C(C=C(C(=C1I)OC2=CC(=C(C(=C2)I)O)I)I)C[C@@H](C(=O)O)N.[Na+]", ["Levothyroxine Sodium is the sodium salt of levothyroxine, a synthetic levoisomer of thyroxine (T4) that is similar to the endogenous hormone produced by the thyroid gland. In peripheral tissues, levothyroxine is deiodinated by 5'-deiodinase to form triiodothyronine (T3). T3 enters the cell and binds to nuclear thyroid hormone receptors; the activated hormone-receptor complex in turn triggers gene expression and produces proteins required in the regulation of cellular respiration; thermogenesis; cellular growth and differentiation; and the metabolism of proteins, carbohydrates and lipids. T3 also exhibits cardiostimulatory effects.", "The major hormone derived from the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is synthesized via the iodination of tyrosines (MONOIODOTYROSINE) and the coupling of iodotyrosines (DIIODOTYROSINE) in the THYROGLOBULIN. Thyroxine is released from thyroglobulin by proteolysis and secreted into the blood. Thyroxine is peripherally deiodinated to form TRIIODOTHYRONINE which exerts a broad spectrum of stimulatory effects on cell metabolism."]], ["Pantothenic acid, calcium salt, D-", "CC(C)(CO)[C@H](C(=O)NCCC(=O)[O-])O.[Ca+2]", ["Calcium Pantothenate is the calcium salt of the water-soluble vitamin B5, ubiquitously found in plants and animal tissues with antioxidant property. Pentothenate is a component of coenzyme A (CoA) and a part of the vitamin B2 complex. Vitamin B5 is a growth factor and is essential for various metabolic functions, including the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fatty acids. This vitamin is also involved in the synthesis of cholesterol, lipids, neurotransmitters, steroid hormones, and hemoglobin.", "A butyryl-beta-alanine that can also be viewed as pantoic acid complexed with BETA ALANINE. It is incorporated into COENZYME A and protects cells against peroxidative damage by increasing the level of GLUTATHIONE."]], ["Tenathan", "CNC(=NC)NCC1=CC=CC=C1.OS(=O)(=O)O", ["A guanidinium antihypertensive agent that acts by blocking adrenergic transmission. The precise mode of action is not clear."]], ["Zanosar", "CN(C(=O)N[C@@H](C=O)[C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](CO)O)O)O)N=O", ["Streptozocin is an Alkylating Drug. The mechanism of action of streptozocin is as an Alkylating Activity.", "An antibiotic that is produced by Stretomyces achromogenes. It is used as an antineoplastic agent and to induce diabetes in experimental animals."]], ["NCGC00384512-01_C20H24N2O2_6'-Methoxycinchonan-9-ol", "COC1=CC2=C(C=CN=C2C=C1)C([C@H]3C[C@@H]4CCN3C[C@@H]4C=C)O", ["[(2R,4S,5R)-5-ethenyl-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-2-yl]-(6-methoxyquinolin-4-yl)methanol is a cinchona alkaloid."]], ["Veratrosine", "C[C@H]1C[C@H]([C@@H](NC1)[C@@H](C)C2=C(C3=C(C=C2)[C@@H]4CC=C5C[C@H](CC[C@@]5([C@H]4C3)C)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O)C)O", ["Veratrosine is a natural product found in Veratrum dahuricum with data available."]], ["Isopaque", "CC(=O)NC1=C(C(=C(C(=C1I)C(=O)O)I)N(C)C(=O)C)I.[Na+]", ["A diagnostic radiopaque that usually occurs as the sodium salt."]], ["Arginine butyrate", "CCCC(=O)O.CCCC(=O)O.CCCC(=O)O.CCCC(=O)O.C(C[C@@H](C(=O)O)N)CN=C(N)N.C(C[C@@H](C(=O)O)N)CN=C(N)N.C(C[C@@H](C(=O)O)N)CN=C(N)N", ["Arginine Butyrate is a compound composed of the short chain fatty acid (SCFA) butyrate combined with the amino acid arginine, with potential Epstein-Barr virus thymidine kinase gene (EBV-TK)-inducing activity. Upon administration, arginine butyrate induces the expression of thymidine kinase (TK). This activates a co-administered antiviral, such as ganciclovir, and results in the destruction of EBV-infected cancer cells. In addition, butyrate inhibits histone deacetylase (HDAC), which results in hyperacetylation of histones H3 and H4. Acetylated histones have a reduced affinity for chromatin; this reduced histone-chromatin affinity may allow chromosomal unfolding, potentially enhancing the expression of genes related to tumor cell growth arrest and apoptosis."]], ["Nemorubicin hydrochloride", "C[C@H]1[C@H]([C@H](C[C@@H](O1)O[C@H]2C[C@@](CC3=C2C(=C4C(=C3O)C(=O)C5=C(C4=O)C(=CC=C5)OC)O)(C(=O)CO)O)N6CCO[C@@H](C6)OC)O.Cl", ["Nemorubicin Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of nemorubicin, a morpholinyl analogue of the anthracycline doxorubicin with antineoplastic activity. Nemorubicin is metabolized via the P450 CYP3A enzyme to a highly cytotoxic derivative. Unlike most anthracyclines, nemorubicin is a topoisomerase I inhibitor and appears to exert its effect through the nucleotide excision repair (NER) system. In addition, this agent does not show cross-resistance with other anthracyclines."]], ["Tenofovir exalidex", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOCCCOP(=O)(CO[C@H](C)CN1C=NC2=C(N=CN=C21)N)O", ["Tenofovir exalidex is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01080820 (A Safety, Tolerability and Pharmacokinetic Study of a Single Dose of CMX157 in Healthy Volunteers)."]], ["3-Cinnolinecarboxamide, 4-amino-8-(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-N-propyl-", "CCCNC(=O)C1=NN=C2C(=C1N)C=CC=C2C3=C(C=CC(=C3)OC)OC", ["AZD6280 has been used in trials studying the basic science of Anxiety."]], ["L-Phenylalanine, 4-(2-amino-6-((1R)-2,2,2-trifluoro-1-(3'-methoxy(1,1'-biphenyl)-4-yl)ethoxy)-4-pyrimidinyl)-", "COC1=CC=CC(=C1)C2=CC=C(C=C2)[C@H](C(F)(F)F)OC3=NC(=NC(=C3)C4=CC=C(C=C4)C[C@@H](C(=O)O)N)N", ["LX1031 is an orally-dosed drug candidate for irritable bowel syndrome and other gastrointestinal disorders. LX1031 was generated by Lexicon medicinal chemists, and its target was internally identified as a key control point for the regulation of peripheral serotonin levels. LX1031 is designed to act locally in the gastrointestinal tract by reducing the serotonin available for receptor activation, without affecting serotonin levels in the brain or its central nervous system functions."]], ["N-benzyl-2-(5-(4-(2-morpholinoethoxy)phenyl)pyridin-2-yl)acetamide", "C1COCCN1CCOC2=CC=C(C=C2)C3=CN=C(C=C3)CC(=O)NCC4=CC=CC=C4", ["Tirbanibulin (KX-O1 or KX2\u2013391) is a dual inhibitor of Src Kinase and tubulin. On December 14, 2020, tirbanibulin was approved by the FDA for the topical treatment of actinic keratosis on the face or scalp. It is marketed under the brand name Klisyri. Actinic keratosis is a chronic condition characterized by lesions, which can potentially transform into invasive squamous cell carcinoma with a risk of 1% over 10 years. Tirbanibulin blocks the molecular pathways that promote the proliferation, survival, and metastasis of malignant cells. Tirbanibulin exhibits antitumour effects in vitro and in vivo and has been investigated for its antitumor efficacy in the management of various cancers, such as prostate cancer and breast cancer.", "Tirbanibulin is a Microtubule Inhibitor. The physiologic effect of tirbanibulin is by means of Microtubule Inhibition.", "Tirbanibulin is an orally bioavailable small molecule Src kinase inhibitor with potential antineoplastic activity. Unlike other Src kinase inhibitors which bind to the ATP-binding site, tirbanibulin specifically binds to the peptide substrate binding site of Src kinase; inhibition of kinase activity may result in the inhibition of primary tumor growth and the suppression of metastasis. Src tyrosine kinases are upregulated in many tumor cells and play important roles in tumor cell proliferation and metastasis."]], ["Sulopenem etzadroxil", "CCC(CC)C(=O)OCOC(=O)C1=C(S[C@H]2N1C(=O)[C@@H]2[C@@H](C)O)S[C@H]3CC[S@@](=O)C3", ["Sulopenem etzadroxil is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03354598 (Oral Sulopenem-etzadroxil/probenecid Versus Ciprofloxacin for Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infection in Adult Women).", "Sulopenem Etzadroxil is an orally available ester prodrug form of sulopenem, a thiopenem with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. After oral administration of sulopenem etzadroxil, the ester bond is cleaved, releasing active sulopenem. Sulopenem is not active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In addition, this agent is fairly stable against hydrolysis by various beta-lactamases."]], ["Elacestrant", "CCNCCC1=CC=C(C=C1)CN(CC)C2=C(C=CC(=C2)OC)[C@@H]3CCC4=C(C3)C=CC(=C4)O", ["Elacestrant is an orally available, selective estrogen receptor degrader (SERD) and selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM), with potential antineoplastic and estrogen-like activities. Upon oral administration of higher doses of elacestrant, this agent acts as a SERD, which binds to the estrogen receptor (ER) and induces a conformational change that results in the degradation of the receptor. This may inhibit the growth and survival of ER-expressing cancer cells. At lower doses of this agent, RAD1901 acts as a SERM and has estrogen-like effects in certain tissues, which can both reduce hot flashes and protect against bone loss. In addition, elacestrant is able to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB)."]], ["Riviciclib hydrochloride", "CN1CC[C@H]([C@@H]1CO)C2=C(C=C(C3=C2OC(=CC3=O)C4=CC=CC=C4Cl)O)O.Cl", ["Riviciclib Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of riviciclib, a flavone and cyclin dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor with potential antineoplastic activity. Riviciclib selectively binds to and inhibits Cdk4/cyclin D1, Cdk1/cyclin B and Cdk9/cyclin T1, serine/threonine kinases that play key roles in the regulation of the cell cycle and cellular proliferation. Inhibition of these kinases leads to cell cycle arrest during the G1/S transition, thereby leading to an induction of apoptosis, and inhibition of tumor cell proliferation."]], ["2-(2-chlorophenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-8-[(2R,3S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl]chromen-4-one", "CN1CC[C@H]([C@@H]1CO)C2=C(C=C(C3=C2OC(=CC3=O)C4=CC=CC=C4Cl)O)O", ["Riviciclib is a flavone and cyclin dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor with potential antineoplastic activity. Riviciclib selectively binds to and inhibits Cdk4/cyclin D1, Cdk1/cyclin B and Cdk9/cyclin T1, serine/threonine kinases that play key roles in the regulation of the cell cycle and cellular proliferation. Inhibition of these kinases leads to cell cycle arrest during the G1/S transition, thereby leading to an induction of apoptosis, and inhibition of tumor cell proliferation."]], ["Tegobuvir", "C1=CC=C(C(=C1)C2=NC3=CN(C=CC3=N2)CC4=NN=C(C=C4)C5=C(C=C(C=C5)C(F)(F)F)C(F)(F)F)F", ["Tegobuvir has been investigated for the treatment of Hepatitis C, Chronic."]], ["Crolibulin", "COC1=C(C(=CC(=C1)[C@@H]2C3=C(C(=C(C=C3)N)N)OC(=C2C#N)N)Br)OC", ["Crolibulin is a neoflavonoid.", "EPC2407 is a novel small molecule vascular disruption agent and apoptosis inducer for the treatment of patients with advanced solid tumors and lymphomas. It is intended for the treatment of advanced cancer patients with solid tumors that are well vascularized. These tumors include the frequently occurring cancers of the lung, gastrointestinal tract, ovaries, and breast.", "Crolibulin has been used in trials studying the treatment of Solid Tumor and Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer.", "Crolibulin is a small molecule tubulin polymerization inhibitor with potential antineoplastic activity. Microtubulin inhibitor EPC2407 binds to the colchicine-binding site on beta-tubulin and inhibits the polymerization of tubulin into microtubules, which may result in cell cycle arrest, the induction of apoptosis, and the inhibition of tumor cell proliferation. As a vascular disruption agent (VDA), this agent also disrupts tumor neovascularization, which may result in a reduction in tumor blood flow and tumor hypoxia and ischemic necrosis."]], ["Pavinetant", "CC[C@@H](C1=CC=CC=C1)NC(=O)C2=C(C(=NC3=CC=CC=C32)C4=CC=CC=C4)NS(=O)(=O)C", ["Pavinetant is a member of the class of quinolines that is the amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 3-[(methanesulfonyl)amino]-2-phenylquinoline-4-carboxylic acid with the amino group of (1S)-1-phenylpropan-1-amine. A neurokinin-3 receptor antagonist that has been trialled as a potential drug for treatment of schizophrenia and menopausal symptoms. It has a role as a neurokinin-3 receptor antagonist and an antipsychotic agent. It is a member of quinolines, a secondary carboxamide, a sulfonamide and an aromatic amide.", "Pavinetant has been used in trials studying the basic science and treatment of Safety and Schizophrenia."]], ["Avasopasem manganese", "C1CC[C@H]2[C@H](C1)NCCN[C@H]3CCCC[C@@H]3NCC4=CC=CC(=N4)CN2.Cl[Mn]Cl", ["Avasopasem manganese, also known as GC4419, is a highly-selective small molecule mimetic of superoxide dismutase (SOD) being investigated for the reduction of radiation-induced severe oral mucositis. This drug has potential application for radiation-induced esophagitis and oral mucositis, in addition to being currently tested against COVID-19.", "Avasopasem Manganese is a mimetic of the enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) that may potentially be used to reduce oral mucositis and esophagitis associated with radiation therapy and chemoradiotherapy. Upon administration, avasopasem manganese may mimic native SODs and catalyze the formation of molecular oxygen and hydrogen peroxide from the burst of superoxide anion present in the irradiated tissues upon radiation and/or induced by chemotherapy. This may decrease the damage of radiation and/or chemotherapy to normal tissues."]], ["Zoledronate disodium", "C1=CN(C=N1)CC(O)(P(=O)(O)[O-])P(=O)(O)[O-].O.O.O.O.[Na+].[Na+]", ["Zoledronate Disodium is the disodium salt form of zoledronate, a synthetic imidazole, third generation bisphosphonate analog of pyrophosphate with antiresorptive activity. Zoledronate binds to hydroxyapatite crystals in the bone matrix and inhibits farnesyl pyrophosphate (diphosphate) synthase, thereby preventing protein prenylation within the mevalonate pathway. This leads to the loss of downstream metabolites essential for osteoclast function, leading to the induction of apoptosis and eventually, osteoclast-cell death. By preventing osteoclast-mediated bone resorption, zoledronate decreases bone turnover and stabilizes the bone matrix.", "An imidobisphosphonate inhibitor of BONE RESORPTION that is used for the treatment of malignancy-related HYPERCALCEMIA; OSTEITIS DEFORMANS; and OSTEOPOROSIS."]], ["Carvedilol phosphate monohydrate", "COC1=CC=CC=C1OCCNCC(COC2=CC=CC3=C2C4=CC=CC=C4N3)O.O.OP(=O)(O)O", ["Carvedilol Phosphate is the phosphate salt form of carvedilol, a racemic mixture and adrenergic blocking agent with antihypertensive activity and devoid of intrinsic sympathomimetic activity. The S enantiomer of carvedilol nonselectively binds to and blocks beta-adrenergic receptors, thereby exerting negative inotropic and chronotropic effects, and leading to a reduction in cardiac output. In addition, both enantiomers of carvedilol bind to and block alpha 1-adrenergic receptors, thereby causing vasodilation and reducing peripheral vascular resistance."]], ["Toreforant", "CC1=CC(=C2C(=C1)NC(=N2)C3=CN=C(N=C3C)NCCCC4CCN(CC4)C)C", ["Toreforant has been used in trials studying the treatment of Asthma, Psoriasis, Hepatic Impairment, and Rheumatoid Arthritis."]], ["Eliglustat", "CCCCCCCC(=O)N[C@H](CN1CCCC1)[C@@H](C2=CC3=C(C=C2)OCCO3)O", ["Eliglustat is a carboxamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of octanoic acid with the primary amino group of (1R,2R)-2-amino-1-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-3-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)propan-1-ol. A ceramide glucosyltransferase inhibitor used (as its tartrate salt) for treatment of Gaucher's disease. It has a role as an EC 2.4.1.80 (ceramide glucosyltransferase) inhibitor. It is a benzodioxine, a N-alkylpyrrolidine, a secondary alcohol and a carboxamide. It is a conjugate base of an eliglustat(1+).", "Eliglustat is a glucosylceramide synthase inhibitor used for the long-term treatment of type 1 Gaucher disease. Gaucher disease is a rare genetic disorder characterized by the deficiency of acid \u03b2-glucosidase, an enzyme that converts glucosylceramide into glucose and ceramide. In patients with Gaucher disease, the accumulation of glucosylceramide leads to the formation of Gaucher cells that infiltrate the liver, spleen, bone marrow and other organs. This leads to complications such as anemia and thrombocytopenia. By inhibiting glucosylceramide synthase, eliglustat reduces the accumulation of glucosylceramide.  Eliglustat is mainly metabolized by CYP2D6. Patients selected for eliglustat treatment undergo an FDA-cleared genotyping test to establish if they are CYP2D6 extensive metabolizers (EMs), intermediate metabolizers (IMs), or poor metabolizers (PMs). The results of this test dictate eliglustat dosing recommendations for each type of patient. There are no dosing recommendations for CYP2D6 ultra-rapid or indeterminate metabolizers. Eliglustat was approved by the FDA in August 2014 as an oral substrate reduction therapy for the first-line treatment of type 1 Gaucher disease. Enzyme replacement continues to be the standard of care for the treatment of type 1 Gaucher disease ([imiglucerase], [velaglucerase alfa], [taliglucerase alfa]); however, oral substrate reduction therapies with favourable safety profiles, such as eliglustat, represent a treatment alternative.", "Eliglustat is a Glucosylceramide Synthase Inhibitor. The mechanism of action of eliglustat is as a Glucosylceramide Synthase Inhibitor, and P-Glycoprotein Inhibitor, and Cytochrome P450 2D6 Inhibitor.", "Eliglustat is an oral inhibitor of glucosylceramide synthase which is used in the therapy of type 1 Gaucher disease. Clinical experience with eliglustat is limited, but it not been linked to serum enzyme elevations during therapy or to instances of clinically apparent acute liver injury.", "Eliglustat is a ceramide analog and an orally bioavailable inhibitor of glucosylceramide synthase (GCS; ceramide glucosyltransferase), that may be used to decrease the production of glycosphingolipids (GSLs) including glucosylceramide, also known as glucocerebroside. Upon oral administration, eliglustat inhibits GCS, which catalyzes the initial step in the synthesis of glucosylceramide and other GSLs. This decreases the production of glucosylceramide and other GSLs, which have important roles in various diseases and cellular processes, including immune processes and functions. Eliglustat may be used in substrate reduction therapy in diseases in which the enzyme glucocerebrosidase (GCase), responsible for the breakdown of glucocerebroside, is deficient."]], ["Actb-1003", "COCC1=C(N2C(=C1C3=CC(=C(C=C3)NC(=O)NC4=C(C=CC(=C4)C(F)(F)F)F)F)C(=NC=N2)N)CN5CCOCC5", ["Multi-mode Kinase Inhibitor EOC317 is an orally available, small molecule, multi-mode kinase inhibitor (MMKI), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, MMKI EOC317 targets, binds to and inhibits the activity of a variety of kinases, such as phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K), and the receptor tyrosine kinases, fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR), angiopoietin-1 receptor (TIE 2), and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2). This inhibition may result in an induction of apoptosis of susceptible tumors cells in which these kinases are overexpressed."]], ["Epiduo", "COC1=C(C=C(C=C1)C2=CC3=C(C=C2)C=C(C=C3)C(=O)O)C45CC6CC(C4)CC(C6)C5.C1=CC=C(C=C1)C(=O)OOC(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2", ["A pharmaceutical preparation of adapalene and benzoyl peroxide that is used as a DERMATOLOGIC AGENT for the topical treatment of ACNE."]], ["Serlopitant", "C[C@H](C1=CC(=CC(=C1)C(F)(F)F)C(F)(F)F)O[C@H]2CC[C@@H]3CN(C[C@H]3[C@@H]2C4=CC=C(C=C4)F)C5=CC(=O)CC5", ["Serlopitant has been investigated for the treatment of Prurigo Nodularis."]], ["4-(2-Oxo-1,2,4,5-tetrahydro-3H-1,3-benzodiazepine-3-yl)piperidine-1-carboxylic acid (R)-alpha-((4-morpholinopiperidino)carbonyl)-3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenethyl ester", "CC1=CC(=CC(=C1O)C)C[C@H](C(=O)N2CCC(CC2)N3CCOCC3)OC(=O)N4CCC(CC4)N5CCC6=CC=CC=C6NC5=O", ["BI 44370 TA is under investigation in clinical trial NCT00751803 (BI 44370 TA in Acute Migraine Attack)."]], ["Ulopenem etzadroxil", "CCC(CC)C(=O)OCOC(=O)C1=C(SC2N1C(=O)C2C(C)O)SC3CCS(=O)C3", ["Sulopenem Etzadroxil is an orally available ester prodrug form of sulopenem, a thiopenem with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. After oral administration of sulopenem etzadroxil, the ester bond is cleaved, releasing active sulopenem. Sulopenem is not active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In addition, this agent is fairly stable against hydrolysis by various beta-lactamases."]], ["Sodium pyruvate", "CC(=O)C(=O)[O-].[Na+]", ["Sodium pyruvate is an organic sodium salt. It contains a pyruvate."]], ["Allopurinol sodium", "C1=NNC2=C1C(=NC=N2)[O-].[Na+]", ["Allopurinol Sodium is the sodium form of allopurinol, which is a structural isomer of hypoxanthine. Allopurinol inhibits xanthine oxidase, an enzyme that converts oxypurines to uric acid. By blocking the production of uric acid, this agent decreases serum and urine concentrations of uric acid, thereby providing protection against uric acid-mediated end organ damage in conditions associated with excessive production of uric acid, i.e. the massive cell lysis associated with the treatment of some malignancies. (NCI04)"]], ["Tazobactam sodium", "C[C@@]1([C@@H](N2[C@H](S1(=O)=O)CC2=O)C(=O)[O-])CN3C=CN=N3.[Na+]", ["Tazobactam sodium is an organic sodium salt having tazobactam(1-) as the counterion; used in combination with ceftolozane sulfate for treatment of complicated intra-abdominal infections and complicated urinary tract infections. It has a role as an antimicrobial agent, an antiinfective agent and an EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase) inhibitor. It contains a tazobactam(1-).", "Tazobactam Sodium is the sodium salt form of tazobactam, a penicillanic acid sulfone derivative and beta-lactamase inhibitor with antibacterial activity. Tazobactam contains a beta-lactam ring and irreversibly binds to beta-lactamase at or near its active site. This protects other beta-lactam antibiotics from beta-lactamase catalysis. This drug is used in conjunction with beta-lactamase susceptible penicillins to treat infections caused by beta-lactamase producing organisms.", "A penicillanic acid and sulfone derivative and potent BETA-LACTAMASE inhibitor that enhances the activity of other anti-bacterial agents against beta-lactamase producing bacteria."]], ["Loxoprofen sodium", "CC(C1=CC=C(C=C1)CC2CCCC2=O)C(=O)[O-].[Na+]", ["Loxoprofen sodium is an organic sodium salt having loxoprofen(1-) as the counterion. The parent acid, loxoprofen, is a prodrug that is rapidly converted to its active trans-alcohol metabolite following oral administration. It has a role as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, a non-narcotic analgesic, an EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor and an antipyretic. It contains a loxoprofen(1-)."]], ["Theophylline sodium glycinate", "CN1C2=C(C(=O)N(C1=O)C)NC=N2.C(C(=O)[O-])N.[Na+]", ["A methyl xanthine derivative from tea with diuretic, smooth muscle relaxant, bronchial dilation, cardiac and central nervous system stimulant activities. Theophylline inhibits the 3',5'-CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE PHOSPHODIESTERASE that degrades CYCLIC AMP thus potentiates the actions of agents that act through ADENYLYL CYCLASES and cyclic AMP."]], ["Sodium iodohippurate (131I)", "C1=CC=C(C(=C1)C(=O)NCC(=O)[O-])[131I].[Na+]", ["Sodium 2-((131)I)iodohippurate is an isotopically modified compound, an organic sodium salt and a sodium 2-iodohippurate. It has a role as a radiopharmaceutical. It is functionally related to a N-benzoylglycine."]], ["Sodium oxybate", "C(CC(=O)[O-])CO.[Na+]", ["Sodium oxybate (Xyrem) is a central nervous system (CNS) depressant used to treat cataplexy or excessive daytime sleepiness associated with narcolepsy. It is a sodium salt of [gamma-Hydroxybutyric acid], an endogenous cerebral inhibitory neurotransmitter and a metabolite of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA. Due to its physiological effects, sodium oxybate is associated with a risk for substance misuse and abuse. Sodium oxybate has been misused to stimulate body growth and to induce euphoria, disinhibition, and sexual arousal as a \"party drug\" or \"club drug.\" For safety reasons, sodium oxybate is a controlled substance only available through a restricted program in approved countries.  An extended-release oral suspension formulation of sodium oxybate for narcolepsy, marketed under the brand name LUMRYZ, gained tentative FDA approval in July 2022. Its final approval is subject to a June 2023 patent expiry. In some countries, sodium oxybate has been investigated and used in alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) to aid abstinence maintenance in alcohol use disorders.", "The sodium salt of 4-hydroxybutyric acid. It is used for both induction and maintenance of ANESTHESIA."]], ["Novobiocin sodium", "CC1=C(C=CC2=C1OC(=O)C(=C2[O-])NC(=O)C3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)CC=C(C)C)O[C@H]4[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](C(O4)(C)C)OC)OC(=O)N)O.[Na+]", ["Novobiocin sodium is an organic molecular entity.", "An antibiotic compound derived from Streptomyces niveus. It has a chemical structure similar to coumarin. Novobiocin binds to DNA gyrase, and blocks adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity. (From Reynolds, Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p189)"]], ["Meclomen", "CC1=C(C(=C(C=C1)Cl)NC2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)[O-])Cl.O.[Na+]", ["Sodium meclofenamate monohydrate is a hydrate that is the monohydrate of the sodium salt of meclofenamic acid. It is used for the treatment of dysmenorrhoea (painful periods), osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. It has a role as an analgesic, an anticonvulsant, an antineoplastic agent, an antipyretic, an antirheumatic drug, an EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor, an EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor and a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. It contains a sodium meclofenamate (anhydrous).", "Meclofenamate Sodium is the sodium salt form of meclofenamate, an anthranilic acid and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic activities. Meclofenamate sodium inhibits the activity of the enzymes cyclo-oxygenase I and II, resulting in decreased formation of precursors of prostaglandins and thromboxanes. The resulting decrease in prostaglandin synthesis, by prostaglandin synthase, is responsible for the therapeutic effects of meclofenamate sodium. Meclofenamate sodium also causes a decrease in the formation of thromboxane A2 synthesis, by thromboxane synthase, thereby inhibiting platelet aggregation.", "A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent with antipyretic and antigranulation activities. It also inhibits prostaglandin biosynthesis."]], ["Egualen sodium", "CCC1=CC(=C2C1=CC=CC(=C2)C(C)C)S(=O)(=O)[O-].[Na+]", ["Egualen sodium is an organic sodium salt having 3-ethyl-7-isopropylazulene-1-sulfonate as the counterion. Used for treatment of gastric ulcers. It has a role as an anti-ulcer drug and a thromboxane A2 antagonist. It is an organosulfonate salt and an organic sodium salt. It contains an egualen(1-)."]], ["Brequinar sodium", "CC1=C(C2=C(C=CC(=C2)F)N=C1C3=CC=C(C=C3)C4=CC=CC=C4F)C(=O)[O-].[Na+]", ["Brequinar sodium is an organic sodium salt of brequinar. It has a role as an anticoronaviral agent, an antineoplastic agent, an antiviral agent, an EC 1.3.5.2 [dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor, an immunosuppressive agent, a pyrimidine synthesis inhibitor and an antimetabolite. It contains a brequinar(1-).", "Brequinar Sodium is the sodium salt form of Brequinar.  Brequinar inhibits the enzyme dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, thereby blocking de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis.  This agent may also enhance the in vivo antitumor effect of antineoplastic agents such as 5-FU. (NCI04)"]], ["Bucladesine sodium", "CCCC(=O)NC1=C2C(=NC=N1)N(C=N2)[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@H]4[C@H](O3)COP(=O)(O4)[O-])OC(=O)CCC.[Na+]", ["Bucladesine sodium is a 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide.", "A cyclic nucleotide derivative that mimics the action of endogenous CYCLIC AMP and is capable of permeating the cell membrane. It has vasodilator properties and is used as a cardiac stimulant. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)"]], ["Cefpiramide sodium", "CC1=CC(=O)C(=CN1)C(=O)N[C@H](C2=CC=C(C=C2)O)C(=O)N[C@H]3[C@@H]4N(C3=O)C(=C(CS4)CSC5=NN=NN5C)C(=O)[O-].[Na+]", ["Cefpiramide sodium is the sodium salt of cefpiramide. It contains a cefpiramide(1-).", "Cefpiramide Sodium is the sodium salt form of cefpiramide, a third-generation, semi-synthetic, beta-lactam cephalosporin antibiotic with antibacterial activity. Cefpiramide binds to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), transpeptidases that are responsible for crosslinking of peptidoglycan. By preventing crosslinking of peptidoglycan, cell wall integrity is lost and cell wall synthesis is halted."]], ["Cerivastatin sodium", "CC(C)C1=C(C(=C(C(=N1)C(C)C)COC)C2=CC=C(C=C2)F)/C=C/[C@H](C[C@H](CC(=O)[O-])O)O.[Na+]", ["Cerivastatin sodium is the sodium salt of cerivastatin. Formerly used to lower cholesterol and prevent cardiovascular disease, it was withdrawn from the market worldwide in 2001 following reports of a severe form of muscle toxicity. It is an organic sodium salt and a statin (synthetic). It contains a cerivastatin(1-).", "Cerivastatin Sodium is the sodium salt of cerivastatin, a synthetic lipid-lowering agent."]], ["Ifetroban sodium", "CCCCCNC(=O)C1=COC(=N1)[C@@H]2[C@H]3CC[C@@H]([C@@H]2CC4=CC=CC=C4CCC(=O)[O-])O3.[Na+]", ["Ifetroban Sodium is the sodium salt form of ifetroban, an orally bioavailable thromboxane (TxA2) and prostaglandin H2 (PGH2) (TP) receptor antagonist, with anti-thrombotic, anti-hypertensive, anti-asthmatic and potential anti-metastatic activities. Upon administration, ifetroban targets and binds to TxA2 and PGH2 receptors, thereby preventing the activity of both TxA2 and PGH2 and disrupting their downstream signaling pathways. This prevents platelet activation, aggregation and thrombosis. It also prevents vascular constriction and causes vasodilation. In addition, as cancer cells use platelets to metastasize to different parts of the body, ifetroban can reduce the stickiness of the platelets and prevent metastasis. TxA2 causes vascular contraction and platelet activation."]], ["Montelukast Sodium", "CC(C)(C1=CC=CC=C1CC[C@H](C2=CC=CC(=C2)/C=C/C3=NC4=C(C=CC(=C4)Cl)C=C3)SCC5(CC5)CC(=O)[O-])O.[Na+]", ["Montelukast sodium is an organic sodium salt. It contains a montelukast(1-).", "Montelukast Sodium is the orally bioavailable monosodium salt of montelukast, a selective cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonist with anti-inflammatory and bronchodilating activities. Montelukast selectively and competitively blocks the cysteinyl leukotriene 1 (CysLT1) receptor, preventing binding of the inflammatory mediator leukotriene D4 (LTD4). Inhibition of LTD4 activity results in inhibition of leukotriene-mediated inflammatory events including: migration of eosinophils and neutrophils; adhesion of leukocytes to vascular endothelium, monocyte and neutrophil aggregation; increased airway edema; increased capillary permeability; and bronchoconstriction. The CysLT1 receptor is found in a number of tissues including spleen, lung, placenta, small intestine, and nasal mucosa, and in a variety of cell types including monocyte/macrophages, mast cells, eosinophils, CD34-positive hemopoietic progenitor cells, neutrophils and endothelial cells."]], ["Atorvastatin sodium", "CC(C)C1=C(C(=C(N1CC[C@H](C[C@H](CC(=O)[O-])O)O)C2=CC=C(C=C2)F)C3=CC=CC=C3)C(=O)NC4=CC=CC=C4.[Na+]", ["Atorvastatin Sodium is the sodium salt of atorvastatin, a synthetic lipid-lowering agent. Atorvastatin competitively inhibits hepatic hydroxymethyl-glutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, the enzyme which catalyzes the conversion of HMG-CoA to mevalonate, a key step in cholesterol synthesis. This agent increases the number of LDL receptors on hepatic cell surfaces, enhancing the uptake and catabolism of LDL and reducing LDL production and the number of LDL particles, and lowers plasma cholesterol and lipoprotein levels. Like other statins, atorvastatin may also display direct antineoplastic activity, possibly by inhibiting farnesylation and geranylgeranylation of proteins such as small GTP-binding proteins, which may result in the arrest of cells in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. This agent may also sensitize tumor cells to cyctostatic drugs, possibly through the mTOR-dependent inhibition of Akt phosphorylation."]], ["Clavamox", "CC1([C@@H](N2[C@H](S1)[C@@H](C2=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](C3=CC=C(C=C3)O)N)C(=O)O)C.C1[C@@H]2N(C1=O)[C@H](/C(=C/CO)/O2)C(=O)[O-].[K+]", ["A fixed-ratio combination of amoxicillin trihydrate and potassium clavulanate."]], ["Sodium cyclamate", "C1CCC(CC1)NS(=O)(=O)[O-].[Na+]", ["Sodium cyclamate appears as odorless or almost odorless white crystals or crystalline powder. Intensely sweet taste, even in dilute solution. pH (10% solution in water): 5.5-7.5. Used as a non-nutritive sweetener.", "Cyclamate is an organic molecular entity.", "Salts and esters of cyclamic acid."]], ["Sodium Oleate", "CCCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCC(=O)[O-].[Na+]", ["Oleic acid, [sodium salt] is a light tan solid with a slight tallow-like odor. Sinks and mixes slowly with water. (USCG, 1999)", "Sodium oleate is an organic molecular entity."]], ["Sodium tetradecyl sulfate", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCOS(=O)(=O)[O-].[Na+]", ["An anionic surface-active agent used for its wetting properties in industry and used in medicine as an irritant and sclerosing agent for hemorrhoids and varicose veins."]], ["Sotradecol", "CCCCC(CC)CCC(CC(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-].[Na+]", ["Sodium tetradecyl sulfate is an organic sodium salt having tetradecyl sulfate as the counterion. Used in the treatment of small uncomplicated varicose veins of the lower extremities that show simple dilation with competent valves. It has a role as a detergent and a sclerotherapy agent. It contains a tetradecyl sulfate.", "An anionic surface-active agent used for its wetting properties in industry and used in medicine as an irritant and sclerosing agent for hemorrhoids and varicose veins.", "An anionic surface-active agent used for its wetting properties in industry and used in medicine as an irritant and sclerosing agent for hemorrhoids and varicose veins."]], ["Acetrizoate sodium", "CC(=O)NC1=C(C=C(C(=C1I)C(=O)[O-])I)I.[Na+]", ["An iodinated radiographic contrast medium used as acetrizoate sodium in HYSTEROSALPINGOGRAPHY."]], ["Liothyronine sodium", "C1=CC(=C(C=C1OC2=C(C=C(C=C2I)C[C@@H](C(=O)[O-])N)I)I)O.[Na+]", ["Liothyronine sodium is the sodium salt of liothyronine. Thought to be more active than levothyroxine and with a rapid (few hours) onset and short duration of action, liothyronine sodium is used in the treatment of hypothyroidism, particularly in cases of hypothyroid coma. It contains a 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyroninate.", "Liothyronine Sodium is the sodium salt form of liothyronine, a synthetic form of the levorotatory isomer of the naturally occurring thyroid hormone triiodothyronine (T3). Liothyronine sodium binds to nuclear thyroid receptors which then bind to thyroid hormone response elements of target genes. As a result, liothyronine sodium induces gene expression that is required for normal growth and development. Liothyronine sodium is more potent and has a more rapid action than thyroxine (T4).", "A T3 thyroid hormone normally synthesized and secreted by the thyroid gland in much smaller quantities than thyroxine (T4). Most T3 is derived from peripheral monodeiodination of T4 at the 5' position of the outer ring of the iodothyronine nucleus. The hormone finally delivered and used by the tissues is mainly T3."]], ["Sodium lactate", "CC(C(=O)[O-])O.[Na+]", ["Sodium lactate is an organic sodium salt having lactate as the counterion. It has a role as a food preservative and a food acidity regulator. It is an organic sodium salt and a lactate salt. It contains a lactate.", "Sodium Lactate is a sodium salt of racemic or inactive lactic acid with alkalinizing and electrolyte replenishing property. Upon metabolism, sodium lactate is converted to bicarbonate, thereby increasing plasma bicarbonate, which facilitates removal of hydrogen ion and lactate from blood stream and leads to raised blood pH.", "The sodium salt of racemic or inactive lactic acid. It is a hygroscopic agent used intravenously as a systemic and urinary alkalizer."]], ["Piperacillin sodium", "CCN1CCN(C(=O)C1=O)C(=O)N[C@H](C2=CC=CC=C2)C(=O)N[C@H]3[C@@H]4N(C3=O)[C@H](C(S4)(C)C)C(=O)[O-].[Na+]", ["Piperacillin sodium is an organic sodium salt. It contains a piperacillin(1-).", "Piperacillin Sodium is the sodium salt of piperacillin, a broad-spectrum semisynthetic, ampicillin-derived ureidopenicillin antibiotic with bactericidal activity. Piperacillin binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), enzymes located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall, resulting in the weakening of the bacterial cell wall and cell lysis. PBPs participate in the terminal stages of assembling the bacterial cell wall, and in reshaping the cell wall during cell division. Inactivation of PBPs interferes with the cross-linkage of peptidoglycan chains necessary for bacterial cell wall strength and rigidity.", "Semisynthetic, broad-spectrum, AMPICILLIN derived ureidopenicillin antibiotic proposed for PSEUDOMONAS infections. It is also used in combination with other antibiotics."]], ["Estrone sodium sulfate", "C[C@]12CC[C@H]3[C@H]([C@@H]1CCC2=O)CCC4=C3C=CC(=C4)OS(=O)(=O)[O-].[Na+]", ["Estrone sodium sulfate is a steroid sulfate and an organic sodium salt. It is functionally related to an estrone."]], ["sodium (6R,7R)-3-carbamoyloxymethyl-7-[2-(fur-2-yl)-2-methoxyiminoacetamido]ceph-3-em-4-carboxylate", "CON=C(C1=CC=CO1)C(=O)N[C@H]2[C@@H]3N(C2=O)C(=C(CS3)COC(=O)N)C(=O)[O-].[Na+]", ["Cefuroxime Sodium is the sodium salt form of cefuroxime and a semi-synthetic, broad-spectrum, beta-lactamase resistant, second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with bactericidal activity. Cefuroxime sodium inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by inactivating penicillin binding proteins (PBPs) thereby interfering with the final transpeptidation step required for cross-linking of peptidoglycan units which are a component of the cell wall. Lack of cross-linking results in a reduction of cell wall stability and leads to cell lysis."]], ["Iothalamate sodium", "CC(=O)NC1=C(C(=C(C(=C1I)C(=O)[O-])I)C(=O)NC)I.[Na+]", ["Iothalamate Sodium is the sodium salt form of iothalamate, an organic iodine compound and a radiographic contrast medium. Iothalamate sodium blocks x-rays as they pass through the body, thereby allowing body structures not containing iodine to be visualized. The degree of opacity produced by iothalamate sodium is directly proportional to the total amount of the iodinated contrast agent in the path of the x-rays. The visualization of body structures is dependent upon the distribution and elimination of iothalamate sodium. (NCI05)", "A contrast medium in diagnostic radiology with properties similar to those of diatrizoic acid. It is used primarily as its sodium and meglumine (IOTHALAMATE MEGLUMINE) salts."]], ["Urovision", "CC(=O)NC1=C(C(=C(C(=C1I)C(=O)O)I)NC(=O)C)I.CC(=O)NC1=C(C(=C(C(=C1I)C(=O)[O-])I)NC(=O)C)I.CNC[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](CO)O)O)O)O.[Na+]", ["Meglumine sodium amidotrizoate is a polymer."]], ["Amphotericin b deoxycholate", "C[C@H]1/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/[C@@H](C[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H](C[C@](O2)(C[C@H](C[C@H]([C@@H](CC[C@H](C[C@H](CC(=O)O[C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H]1O)C)C)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)C(=O)O)O[C@H]3[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O3)C)O)N)O.C[C@H](CCC(=O)[O-])[C@H]1CC[C@@H]2[C@@]1([C@H](C[C@H]3[C@H]2CC[C@H]4[C@@]3(CC[C@H](C4)O)C)O)C.[Na+]", ["Amphotericin B Deoxycholate is the deoxycholate salt of amphotericin B, a polyene antifungal antibiotic produced by Streptomyces nodosus, with antifungal activity. Amphotericin B binds to ergosterol, an essential component of the fungal cell membrane. This results in depolarization of the cell membrane, alterations in cell membrane permeability, leakage of important intracellular components, and cell rupture. This agent may also induce oxidative damage in fungal cells and has been reported to stimulate host immune cells."]], ["Ethacrynate sodium", "CCC(=C)C(=O)C1=C(C(=C(C=C1)OCC(=O)[O-])Cl)Cl.[Na+]", ["Ethacrynate Sodium is the sodium salt form of ethacrynic acid, an unsaturated ketone derivative of aryloxyacetic acid without a sulfonamide substituent belonging to the class of loop diuretics. Ethacrynic acid is extensively bound to plasma proteins; both ethacrynic acid in its unchanged form as well as its metabolites are excreted in bile and urine.", "A compound that inhibits symport of sodium, potassium, and chloride primarily in the ascending limb of Henle, but also in the proximal and distal tubules. This pharmacological action results in excretion of these ions, increased urinary output, and reduction in extracellular fluid. This compound has been classified as a loop or high ceiling diuretic."]], ["Sodium ferulate", "COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)/C=C/C(=O)[O-])O.[Na+]", ["Sodium ferulate is an organic sodium salt resulting from the replacement of the proton from the 3-hydroxy group of ferulic acid by a sodium ion. It has a role as a plant metabolite, an antioxidant, a MALDI matrix material, an anti-inflammatory agent, an apoptosis inhibitor and a cardioprotective agent. It contains a ferulate."]], ["Batabulin sodium", "COC1=C(C=C(C=C1)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C2=C(C(=C(C(=C2F)F)F)F)F)F.[Na+]", ["Batabulin Sodium is the sodium salt form of batabulin, a synthetic pentafluorophenylsulfonamide with potential antineoplastic activity. Batabulin covalently binds to and selectively modifies the beta 1, beta 2, beta 3, and beta 4 isotypes of beta tubulin at a conserved cysteine residue, resulting in disruption of microtubule polymerization, collapse of the cytoskeleton, an increase in chromosomal ploidy, cell cycle arrest, and tumor cell apoptosis."]], ["sodium (6R,7R)-3-[(carbamoyloxy)methyl]-7-[(2E)-2-(furan-2-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetamido]-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate", "CO/N=C(\\C1=CC=CO1)/C(=O)NC2C3N(C2=O)C(=C(CS3)COC(=O)N)C(=O)[O-].[Na+]", ["Cefuroxime Sodium is the sodium salt form of cefuroxime and a semi-synthetic, broad-spectrum, beta-lactamase resistant, second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with bactericidal activity. Cefuroxime sodium inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by inactivating penicillin binding proteins (PBPs) thereby interfering with the final transpeptidation step required for cross-linking of peptidoglycan units which are a component of the cell wall. Lack of cross-linking results in a reduction of cell wall stability and leads to cell lysis."]], ["Cefovecin natrium", "CO/N=C(\\C1=CSC(=N1)N)/C(=O)N[C@H]2[C@@H]3N(C2=O)C(=C(CS3)[C@@H]4CCCO4)C(=O)[O-].[Na+]", ["Cefovecin Sodium is the sodium salt form of cefovecin, a semisynthetic, broad-spectrum, third-generation cephalosporin with antibacterial activity. Cefovecin binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall. PBPs are enzymes involved in the terminal stages of assembling the bacterial cell wall and in reshaping the cell wall during growth and division. Inactivation of PBPs interferes with the cross-linkage of peptidoglycan chains necessary for bacterial cell wall strength and rigidity. This results in the weakening of the bacterial cell wall and causes cell lysis."]], ["Potassium canrenoate", "C[C@]12CCC(=O)C=C1C=C[C@@H]3[C@@H]2CC[C@]4([C@H]3CC[C@]4(CCC(=O)[O-])O)C.[K+]", ["A synthetic pregnadiene derivative with anti-aldosterone activity."]], ["Ipodate sodium", "CN(C)C=NC1=C(C=C(C(=C1I)CCC(=O)[O-])I)I.[Na+]", ["Ipodate Sodium is a monocarboxylic acid and a member of benzenes.", "Ionic monomeric contrast media. Usually the sodium or calcium salts are used for examination of the gall bladder and biliary tract. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p704)"]], ["Claforan", "CC(=O)OCC1=C(N2[C@@H]([C@@H](C2=O)NC(=O)/C(=N/OC)/C3=CSC(=N3)N)SC1)C(=O)[O-].[Na+]", ["Cefotaxime Sodium is the sodium salt form of cefotaxime, a beta-lactam, third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with bactericidal activity. Cefotaxime sodium binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBP) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall. Inactivation of PBPs interferes with the cross-linking of peptidoglycan chains necessary for bacterial cell wall strength and rigidity. This results in the weakening of the bacterial cell wall and causes cell lysis. Compared to the second and first generation cephalosporins, cefotaxime sodium is more active against gram-negative bacteria and less active against gram-positive bacteria.", "Semisynthetic broad-spectrum cephalosporin."]], ["Varespladib sodium", "CCC1=C(C2=C(N1CC3=CC=CC=C3)C=CC=C2OCC(=O)[O-])C(=O)C(=O)N.[Na+]", ["Varespladib Sodium is an intravenously administered inhibitor of secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) with orphan drug designation. Varespladib is in trial for prevention of Acute Chest Syndrome in the treatment of sickle cell disease."]], ["Cefazolin sodium", "CC1=NN=C(S1)SCC2=C(N3[C@@H]([C@@H](C3=O)NC(=O)CN4C=NN=N4)SC2)C(=O)[O-].[Na+]", ["Cefazolin sodium is a cephalosporin organic sodium salt having [(5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)sulfanyl]methyl and (1H-tetrazol-1-ylacetyl)amino side-groups. It contains a cefazolin(1-).", "Cefazolin Sodium is the sodium salt of cefazolin, a beta-lactam antibiotic and first-generation cephalosporin with bactericidal activity. Cefazolin binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBP) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall. Inactivation of PBPs interferes with the cross-linkage of peptidoglycan chains necessary for bacterial cell wall strength and rigidity, which results in the weakening of the bacterial cell wall and cell lysis.", "A semisynthetic cephalosporin analog with broad-spectrum antibiotic action due to inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis. It attains high serum levels and is excreted quickly via the urine."]], ["Sodium (6R,7R)-3-(acetoxymethyl)-7-((Z)-2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetamido)-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate", "CC(=O)OCC1=C(N2[C@@H]([C@@H](C2=O)NC(=O)C(=NOC)C3=CSC(=N3)N)SC1)C(=O)[O-].[Na+]", ["Cefotaxime Sodium is the sodium salt form of cefotaxime, a beta-lactam, third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with bactericidal activity. Cefotaxime sodium binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBP) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall. Inactivation of PBPs interferes with the cross-linking of peptidoglycan chains necessary for bacterial cell wall strength and rigidity. This results in the weakening of the bacterial cell wall and causes cell lysis. Compared to the second and first generation cephalosporins, cefotaxime sodium is more active against gram-negative bacteria and less active against gram-positive bacteria.", "Semisynthetic broad-spectrum cephalosporin."]], ["Chlorothiazide sodium", "C1=C2C(=CC(=C1Cl)S(=O)(=O)N)S(=O)(=O)[N-]C=N2.[Na+]", ["Chlorothiazide Sodium is the sodium salt form of chlorothiazide, a short-acting, benzothiadiazinesulfonamide derivative belonging to the class of thiazide diuretics. Chlorothiazide is excreted unchanged by the kidneys."]], ["Sodium metrizoate", "CC(=O)NC1=C(C(=C(C(=C1I)C(=O)[O-])I)N(C)C(=O)C)I.[Na+]", ["Isopaque is an amidobenzoic acid.", "A diagnostic radiopaque that usually occurs as the sodium salt."]], ["Indomethacin sodium", "CC1=C(C2=C(N1C(=O)C3=CC=C(C=C3)Cl)C=CC(=C2)OC)CC(=O)[O-].[Na+]", ["Indomethacin Sodium is the sodium salt of indomethacin, a methylated indole derivative with anti-inflammatory, analgesic-antipyretic and tocolytic effects. Indomethacin is a non-selective, reversible, and competitive inhibitor of cyclooxygenases 1 and 2, thereby blocking the conversion of arachidonic acid into prostaglandin precursors. Consequently, prostaglandin synthesis is decreased, and prostaglandin-mediated activities are prevented, including pain, inflammation, fever and uterine contraction.", "A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits CYCLOOXYGENASE, which is necessary for the formation of PROSTAGLANDINS and other AUTACOIDS. It also inhibits the motility of POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES."]], ["Potassium cyclamate", "C1CCC(CC1)NS(=O)(=O)[O-].[K+]", ["Salts and esters of cyclamic acid."]], ["Carbenicillin indanyl sodium", "CC1([C@@H](N2[C@H](S1)[C@@H](C2=O)NC(=O)C(C3=CC=CC=C3)C(=O)OC4=CC5=C(CCC5)C=C4)C(=O)[O-])C.[Na+]", ["Carindacillin sodium is an organic sodium salt. It contains a carindacillin(1-).", "Carbenicillin Indanyl Sodium is the sodium salt of indanyl carbenicillin, a broad-spectrum, semi-synthetic carboxypenicillin antibiotic with bactericidal activity. Carbenicillin acylates C-terminal domain of penicillin-sensitive transpeptidase, resulting in opening the lactam ring of the antibiotic. This inactivation prevents the formation of the cross-linkage of peptidoglycan strands, thereby inhibiting the third and last stage of bacterial cell wall synthesis. As a result, cell wall integrity is compromised and cell lysis may follow. This agent is used mainly for gram-negative infections, and has limited gram-positive coverage."]], ["Sodium 2,3-dimercaptopropanesulfonate monohydrate", "C(C(CS(=O)(=O)[O-])S)S.O.[Na+]", ["A chelating agent used as an antidote to heavy metal poisoning."]], ["Thiamylal sodium", "CCCC(C)C1(C(=O)NC(=NC1=O)[S-])CC=C.[Na+]", ["Thiamylal sodium is a pyrimidone.", "A barbiturate that is administered intravenously for the production of complete anesthesia of short duration, for the induction of general anesthesia, or for inducing a hypnotic state. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p919)"]], ["Mezlocillin sodium monohydrate", "CC1([C@@H](N2[C@H](S1)[C@@H](C2=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](C3=CC=CC=C3)NC(=O)N4CCN(C4=O)S(=O)(=O)C)C(=O)[O-])C.O.[Na+]", ["Mezlocillin sodium monohydrate is a hydrate. It contains a mezlocillin sodium.", "Mezlocillin Sodium Monohydrate is the monohydrate and sodium salt form of mezlocillin, a broad-spectrum, semisynthetic ampicillin-derived acylureidopenicillin with antibacterial activity. Mezlocillin binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall. Inactivation of PBPs interferes with the cross-linkage of peptidoglycan chains necessary for bacterial cell wall strength and rigidity. This interrupts bacterial cell wall synthesis and results in the weakening of the bacterial cell wall, eventually causing cell lysis.", "Semisynthetic ampicillin-derived acylureido penicillin. It has been proposed for infections with certain anaerobes and may be useful in inner ear, bile, and CNS infections."]], ["Iodohippurate sodium i-125", "C1=CC=C(C(=C1)C(=O)NCC(=O)[O-])[125I].[Na+]", ["Sodium 2-((125)I)iodohippurate is an isotopically modified compound, an organic sodium salt and a sodium 2-iodohippurate. It has a role as a radiopharmaceutical. It is functionally related to a N-benzoylglycine."]], ["Hetacillin potassium", "CC1([C@@H](N2[C@H](S1)[C@@H](C2=O)N3C(=O)[C@H](NC3(C)C)C4=CC=CC=C4)C(=O)[O-])C.[K+]", ["Hetacillin potassium is an organic potassium salt. It contains a hetacillin(1-).", "Hetacillin Potassium is the potassium salt of hetacillin, a semi-synthetic penicillin antibiotic with bactericidal activity. Hetacillin is a prodrug that is converted to ampicillin via esterases. Ampicillin binds to and inactivated penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall, thereby preventing the cross-linkage of peptidoglycans, which are critical components of the bacterial cell wall. This leads to an interruption of the bacterial cell wall and causes bacterial cell lysis."]], ["Sulfabromomethazine sodium", "CC1=C(C(=NC(=N1)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C2=CC=C(C=C2)N)C)Br.[Na+]", ["Sulfabromomethazine Sodium is a sodium salt form of sulfabromomethazine, a long-acting derivative of sulfamezathine that is used in the poultry, swine and cattle industries for the treatment of coccidiosis and various bacterial infections."]], ["Taurodeoxycholate sodium salt", "C[C@H](CCC(=O)NCCS(=O)(=O)[O-])[C@H]1CCC2[C@@]1([C@H](CC3C2CCC4[C@@]3(CC[C@H](C4)O)C)O)C.[Na+]", ["A bile salt formed in the liver by conjugation of deoxycholate with taurine, usually as the sodium salt. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic, also industrially as a fat emulsifier."]], ["Prednisolone sodium succinate", "C[C@]12C[C@@H]([C@H]3[C@H]([C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(C(=O)COC(=O)CCC(=O)[O-])O)CCC4=CC(=O)C=C[C@]34C)O.[Na+]", ["Prednisolone sodium succinate is the organic sodium salt of prednisolone succinate. It has a role as an anti-inflammatory drug. It contains a prednisolone succinate(1-).", "Prednisolone Sodium Succinate is the sodium succinate salt form of prednisolone, a synthetic glucocorticoid with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating properties.  After cell surface receptor attachment and cell entry, prednisolone enters the nucleus where it binds to and activates specific nuclear receptors, resulting in an altered gene expression and inhibition of proinflammatory cytokine production.  This agent also decreases the number of circulating lymphocytes, induces cell differentiation, and stimulates apoptosis in sensitive tumor cells populations. (NCI)"]], ["Potassium acid tartrate", "[C@@H]([C@H](C(=O)[O-])O)(C(=O)O)O.[K+]", ["Potassium bitartrate is an organic potassium salt of L-tartaric acid. It is a by-product of winemaking and occurs naturally in grapes, the major fruit used to produce wine. It has a role as a food anticaking agent, a laxative, a plant metabolite, an antimicrobial agent, a raising agent, a food acidity regulator, a food humectant and a food stabiliser. It contains a L-tartrate(1-).", "Potassium bitartate, also referred to as potassium acid tartrate or cream of tartar, is the potassium acid salt of l-( + )-tartaric acid. It is obtained as a byproduct of wine manufacture during the fermentation process. Approved by the FDA as a direct food substance, potassium bitartrate is used as an additive, stabilizer, pH control agent, antimicrobial agent, processing aid, or thickener in various food products. Potassium bitartrate has a long history of medical use as a laxative administered as a rectal suppository and is an approved third-class OTC drug in Japan.  Potassium bitartrate was one of active ingredients in Phexxi, a non-hormonal contraceptive agent that was approved by the FDA on May 2020."]], ["Flurbiprofen sodium", "CC(C1=CC(=C(C=C1)C2=CC=CC=C2)F)C(=O)[O-].[Na+]", ["Flurbiprofen Sodium is the sodium salt form of flurbiprofen, a propionic acid derivative and a member of the phenylalkanoic acid group of non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) with analgesic, antiinflammatory and antipyretic effects. Flurbiprofen non-selectively binds to and inhibits cyclooxygenase (COX). This results in a reduction of arachidonic acid conversion into prostaglandins that are involved in the regulation of pain, inflammation and fever. This NSAID also inhibits carbonic anhydrase, thereby reducing the production of hydrogen and bicarbonate ions. Upon ocular administration, flurbiprofen may reduce bicarbonate ion concentrations leading to a decrease in the production of aqueous humor, thereby lowering intraocular pressure.", "An anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic of the phenylalkynoic acid series. It has been shown to reduce bone resorption in periodontal disease by inhibiting CARBONIC ANHYDRASE."]], ["Azlocillin sodium", "CC1([C@@H](N2[C@H](S1)[C@@H](C2=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](C3=CC=CC=C3)NC(=O)N4CCNC4=O)C(=O)[O-])C.[Na+]", ["Azlocillin sodium is an organic sodium salt. It contains an azlocillin(1-).", "Azlocillin Sodium is the sodium salt form of azlocillin, a semisynthetic, extended spectrum acylampicillin with antibacterial activity. Azlocillin binds to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located inside the bacterial cell wall, thereby inhibiting the cross-linkage of peptidoglycans, which are critical components of the bacterial cell wall. This prevents proper bacterial cell wall synthesis, thereby results in the weakening of the bacterial cell wall and eventually leading to cell lysis.", "A semisynthetic ampicillin-derived acylureido penicillin."]], ["Benzoic acid, 4-((((5-bromo-4-(4-cyclopropyl-1-naphthalenyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)thio)acetyl)amino)-3-chloro-, monopotassium salt", "C1CC1C2=CC=C(C3=CC=CC=C23)N4C(=NN=C4Br)SCC(=O)NC5=C(C=C(C=C5)C(=O)[O-])Cl.[K+]", ["RDEA806 is a new HIV non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) with a high genetic barrier to resistance and a broad spectrum of activity."]], ["Ioxaglate sodium", "CC(=O)N(C)C1=C(C(=C(C(=C1I)C(=O)NCC(=O)NC2=C(C(=C(C(=C2I)C(=O)[O-])I)C(=O)NCCO)I)I)C(=O)NC)I.[Na+]", ["Ioxaglate Sodium is the sodium salt form of ioxaglate, an organic iodine compound and a radiographic contrast medium. Ioxaglate sodium blocks x-rays as they pass through the body, thereby allowing body structures not containing iodine to be visualized. The degree of opacity produced by ioxaglate sodium is directly proportional to the total amount of the iodinated contrast agent in the path of the x-rays. The visualization of body structures is dependent upon the distribution and elimination of ioxaglate sodium. (NCI05)", "A low-osmolar, ionic contrast medium used in various radiographic procedures."]], ["Technetium TC-99M sodium pertechnetate", "[O-][99Tc](=O)(=O)=O.[Na+]", ["Technetium tc-99m sodium pertechnetate is a Radioactive Diagnostic Agent. The mechanism of action of technetium tc-99m sodium pertechnetate is as a Radiopharmaceutical Activity.", "A gamma-emitting radionuclide imaging agent used for the diagnosis of diseases in many tissues, particularly in the gastrointestinal system, cardiovascular and cerebral circulation, brain, thyroid, and joints."]], ["Amytal sodium", "CCC1(C(=O)NC(=NC1=O)[O-])CCC(C)C.[Na+]", ["A barbiturate with hypnotic and sedative properties (but not antianxiety). Adverse effects are mainly a consequence of dose-related CNS depression and the risk of dependence with continued use is high. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p565)"]], ["Cefovecin sodium", "CO/N=C(/C1=CSC(=N1)N)\\C(=O)N[C@H]2[C@@H]3N(C2=O)C(=C(CS3)[C@@H]4CCCO4)C(=O)[O-].[Na+]", ["Cefovecin sodium is an organic molecular entity.", "Cefovecin Sodium is the sodium salt form of cefovecin, a semisynthetic, broad-spectrum, third-generation cephalosporin with antibacterial activity. Cefovecin binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall. PBPs are enzymes involved in the terminal stages of assembling the bacterial cell wall and in reshaping the cell wall during growth and division. Inactivation of PBPs interferes with the cross-linkage of peptidoglycan chains necessary for bacterial cell wall strength and rigidity. This results in the weakening of the bacterial cell wall and causes cell lysis."]], ["Ibuprofen sodium dihydrate", "CC(C)CC1=CC=C(C=C1)C(C)C(=O)[O-].O.O.[Na+]", ["Ibuprofen Sodium is the sodium salt form of ibuprofen, a propionic acid derivate and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic activities. Upon administration, ibuprofen inhibits the activity of cyclo-oxygenase I and II, resulting in a decreased formation of precursors of prostaglandins and thromboxanes. This leads to decreased prostaglandin synthesis, by prostaglandin synthase, the main physiologic effect of ibuprofen. Ibuprofen also causes a decrease in the formation of thromboxane A2 synthesis, by thromboxane synthase, thereby inhibiting platelet aggregation."]], ["Dextrothyroxine sodium", "C1=C(C=C(C(=C1I)OC2=CC(=C(C(=C2)I)O)I)I)C[C@H](C(=O)[O-])N.[Na+]", ["The dextrorotary isomer of the synthetic THYROXINE."]], ["Methohexital sodium", "CCC#CC(C)C1(C(=O)N=C(N(C1=O)C)[O-])CC=C.[Na+]", ["Sodium methohexital is a white powder. (NTP, 1992)", "Methohexital sodium is the sodium salt of methohexital. It has a role as an intravenous anaesthetic. It contains a methohexital(1-).", "Methohexital Sodium is the sodium salt of methohexital, a rapid, short-acting barbituric acid derivative, with anesthetic activity. Methohexital binds to the chloride ionophore site of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-A/chloride ionophore receptor complex, thereby enhancing the inhibitory actions of GABA-A in the brain. This leads to synaptic inhibition, decreased neuronal excitability and induction of anesthesia. In addition, this agent decreases glutamate (Glu) responses.", "An intravenous anesthetic with a short duration of action that may be used for induction of anesthesia."]], ["Tolbutamide sodium", "CCCCNC(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(C=C1)C.[Na+]", ["Tolbutamide Sodium is the sodium salt form of tolbutamide, a short-acting, first-generation sulfonylurea with hypoglycemic activity. Compared to second-generation sulfonylureas, tolbutamide is more likely to cause adverse effects, such as jaundice. This agent is rapidly metabolized by CYPC29."]], ["Mersalyl", "COC(CNC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1OCC(=O)[O-])C[Hg].O.[Na+]", ["Mersalyl is the sodium salt form of mersalyl acid, a mercurial diuretic. Mersalyl acid has been replaced by less toxic non-mercury containing diuretics.", "Mersalyl acid is an organomercuric compound. It is used as a diuretic. Mercury is a heavy, silvery d-block metal and one of six elements that are liquid at or near room temperature and pressure. It is a naturally occuring substance, and combines with other elements such as chlorine, sulfur, or oxygen to form inorganic mercury compounds (salts). Mercury also combines with carbon to make organic mercury compounds. (L1, L265)", "A toxic thiol mercury salt formerly used as a diuretic. It inhibits various biochemical functions, especially in mitochondria, and is used to study those functions."]], ["Sodium fluoride F-18", "[18F-].[Na+]", ["Sodium Fluoride F-18 is a radiopharmaceutical consisting of the sodium salt of fluorine F 18 fluoride with radioisotopic and bone mineralizing activities. Fluoride binds to calcium ions in hydroxyapatite crystals in bone. The uptake and incorporation of positron-emitting fluorine F 18 fluoride into bone can be imaged using positron emission tomography (PET) or single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), allowing visualization of malignant bone lesions in which regional blood flow and bone turnover are increased."]], ["Sodium 3-{[(11,17-dihydroxy-3,20-dioxopregna-1,4-dien-21-yl)oxy]carbonyl}benzene-1-sulfonate", "CC12CC(C3C(C1CCC2(C(=O)COC(=O)C4=CC(=CC=C4)S(=O)(=O)[O-])O)CCC5=CC(=O)C=CC35C)O.[Na+]", ["ATL-2502(Colal-Pred) is an old drug (prednisolone metasulphobenzoate, a steroid) with a new delivery system that releases the medication only in the colon. Releasing the drug directly into the colon reduces the potential for significant side effects often experienced with steroid drugs. Colal-Pred is being studied for use in ulcerative colitis."]], ["[((2S,3R,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexyl)methylamino]methanedithioic acid, sodium salt", "CN(C[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](CO)O)O)O)O)C(=S)[S-].[Na+]", ["NOX-100 is the new nitric oxide (NO) neutralizing agent being developed by San Diego-based Medinox -- demonstrated its effectiveness and potential as a therapeutic to treat hemorrhagic shock. NOX-100 is the first in a series of proprietary NO neutralizing compounds Medinox is developing to bind and inactivate NO, a simple gas molecule that is a key biological messenger in the body."]], ["CID 23693089", "[C@@H]1([C@H]([C@H](OC([C@@H]1O)O)C(=O)[O-])O)O.[Na+]", ["Sodium Alginate is the sodium salt form of alginic acid and gum mainly extracted from the cell walls of brown algae, with chelating activity. Upon oral administration, sodium alginate binds to and blocks the intestinal absorption of various radioactive isotopes, such as radium Ra 226 (Ra-226) and strontium Sr 90 (Sr-90).", "Salts and esters of ALGINIC ACID that are used as HYDROGELS; DENTAL IMPRESSION MATERIALS, and as absorbent materials for surgical dressings (BANDAGES, HYDROCOLLOID). They are also used to manufacture MICROSPHERES and NANOPARTICLES for DIAGNOSTIC REAGENT KITS and DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS."]], ["Oxaprozin Potassium", "C1=CC=C(C=C1)C2=C(OC(=N2)CCC(=O)[O-])C3=CC=CC=C3.[K+]", ["Oxaprozin Potassium is the potassium salt form of oxaprozin and a member of the propionic acid group of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) with anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic properties. Oxaprozin potassium reversibly and competitively inhibits cyclooxygenases (COX), thereby blocking the conversion of arachidonic acid to pro-inflammatory prostaglandins. This inhibits the formation of prostaglandins that are involved in pain, inflammation and fever."]], ["Flolan (TN)", "CCCCC[C@@H](/C=C/[C@H]1[C@@H](C[C@H]2[C@@H]1CC(=CCCCC(=O)[O-])O2)O)O.[Na+]", ["Epoprostenol sodium is a prostanoid.", "Epoprostenol Sodium is the sodium salt form of epoprostenol, a synthetic prostacyclin, a member of the family of prostaglandins, with vasodilatory and anticoagulant activity. Epoprostenol sodium directly simulates prostaglandin receptors in arterial vascular smooth muscle, thereby causing vasodilatation. This agent also inhibits platelet aggregation by antagonizing platelet glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa receptors, thereby preventing thrombus formation.", "A prostaglandin that is a powerful vasodilator and inhibits platelet aggregation. It is biosynthesized enzymatically from PROSTAGLANDIN ENDOPEROXIDES in human vascular tissue. The sodium salt has been also used to treat primary pulmonary hypertension (HYPERTENSION, PULMONARY)."]], ["Zosyn", "CCN1CCN(C(=O)C1=O)C(=O)N[C@H](C2=CC=CC=C2)C(=O)N[C@H]3[C@@H]4N(C3=O)[C@H](C(S4)(C)C)C(=O)[O-].C[C@@]1([C@@H](N2[C@H](S1(=O)=O)CC2=O)C(=O)O)CN3C=CN=N3.[Na+]", ["An antibiotic combination product of piperacillin and tazobactam, a penicillanic acid derivative with enhanced beta-lactamase inhibitory activity, that is used for the intravenous treatment of intra-abdominal, pelvic, and skin infections and for community-acquired pneumonia of moderate severity. It is also used for the treatment of PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA INFECTIONS."]], ["Rigosertib sodium", "COC1=C(C=C(C=C1)CS(=O)(=O)/C=C/C2=C(C=C(C=C2OC)OC)OC)NCC(=O)[O-].[Na+]", ["Rigosertib sodium is the sodium salt of rigosertib. It is an anti-cancer agent which has been granted Orphan Drug Designation by the FDA for use in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). It has a role as a microtubule-destabilising agent, an antineoplastic agent, an EC 2.7.11.21 (polo kinase) inhibitor and an apoptosis inducer. It contains a rigosertib(1-).", "Rigosertib Sodium is the sodium salt form of rigosertib, a synthetic benzyl styryl sulfone analogue and Ras mimetic, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, rigosertib targets and binds to Ras-binding domain (RBD) found in many Ras effector proteins, including Raf kinase and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K). This prevents Ras from binding to its targets and inhibits Ras-mediated signaling pathways, including Ras/Raf/Erk, Ras/CRAF/polo-like kinase1 (Plk1), and Ras/ PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. This induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis and inhibits proliferation in a variety of susceptible tumor cells."]], ["Bromelains", "CCCC(C)C1(C(=O)NC(=O)N=C1[O-])CC.[Na+]", ["Bromelain is a protease enzyme derived from the stems of pineapples that is composed of a mixture of different thiol endopeptidases and other components like phosphatase, glucosidase, peroxidase, cellulase, escharase, and several protease inhibitors. It works by selectively inhibiting the biosynthesis of proinflammatory prostaglandins and also has analgesic properties, as well as anticancerous and pro-apoptotic effects. Bromelain holds potential therapeutic effect as a treatment of conditions including angina pectoris, bronchitis, sinusitis, surgical trauma, and osteoarthritis. It is considered as a safe food supplement.", "Bromelains is a proteolytic enzyme obtained from the pineapple plant that cleaves sulfhydryl groups. The enzyme is adsorbed intact through the gastrointestinal tract and has demonstrated therapeutic benefit. Bromelain has the ability to modulate cytokines, and has also demonstrated anti-inflammatory activity, immune response activity, and fibrinolytic activity.", "Protein-digesting and milk-clotting enzymes found in PINEAPPLE fruit juice and stem tissue. Enzymes from the two sources are distinguished as fruit bromelain and stem bromelain. This enzyme was formerly listed as EC 3.4.22.4."]], ["sodium;(6R,7S)-3-(acetyloxymethyl)-7-[[(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-methoxyiminoacetyl]amino]-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate", "CC(=O)OCC1=C(N2[C@@H]([C@H](C2=O)NC(=O)/C(=N\\OC)/C3=CSC(=N3)N)SC1)C(=O)[O-].[Na+]", ["Cefotaxime Sodium is the sodium salt form of cefotaxime, a beta-lactam, third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with bactericidal activity. Cefotaxime sodium binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBP) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall. Inactivation of PBPs interferes with the cross-linking of peptidoglycan chains necessary for bacterial cell wall strength and rigidity. This results in the weakening of the bacterial cell wall and causes cell lysis. Compared to the second and first generation cephalosporins, cefotaxime sodium is more active against gram-negative bacteria and less active against gram-positive bacteria.", "Semisynthetic broad-spectrum cephalosporin."]], ["Ampicillin potassium", "CC1([C@@H](N2[C@H](S1)[C@@H](C2=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](C3=CC=CC=C3)N)C(=O)[O-])C.[K+]", ["Ampicillin potassium is an organic potassium salt. It contains an ampicillin(1-)."]], ["Imipenem and cilastatin sodium", "C[C@H]([C@@H]1[C@H]2CC(=C(N2C1=O)C(=O)O)SCCN=CN)O.CC1(C[C@@H]1C(=O)N/C(=C\\CCCCSC[C@@H](C(=O)O)N)/C(=O)[O-])C.[Na+]", ["Imipenem-Cilastatin Sodium is a parenteral antibiotic preparation containing imipenem and cilastatin sodium with bactericidal activity. Imipenem, a broad spectrum beta-lactam antibiotic, binds to penicillin-binding proteins (PBP) on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall, thereby interfering with the cross-linkage of peptidoglycan chains critical for bacterial cell wall strength and rigidity. Cilastatin sodium is added to reduce breakdown of imipenem by kidney dehydropeptidase.  This agent is effective against both gram positive and negative bacteria and is often used in treating severe infections caused by multiresistant organisms.", "Combination of imipenem and cilastatin that is used in the treatment of bacterial infections; cilastatin inhibits renal dehydropeptidase I to prolong the half-life and increase the tissue penetration of imipenem, enhancing its efficacy as an anti-bacterial agent."]], ["sodium;(6S,7S)-3-(acetyloxymethyl)-7-[[(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-methoxyiminoacetyl]amino]-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate", "CC(=O)OCC1=C(N2[C@H]([C@H](C2=O)NC(=O)/C(=N\\OC)/C3=CSC(=N3)N)SC1)C(=O)[O-].[Na+]", ["Cefotaxime Sodium is the sodium salt form of cefotaxime, a beta-lactam, third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with bactericidal activity. Cefotaxime sodium binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBP) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall. Inactivation of PBPs interferes with the cross-linking of peptidoglycan chains necessary for bacterial cell wall strength and rigidity. This results in the weakening of the bacterial cell wall and causes cell lysis. Compared to the second and first generation cephalosporins, cefotaxime sodium is more active against gram-negative bacteria and less active against gram-positive bacteria.", "Semisynthetic broad-spectrum cephalosporin."]], ["Tranxene", "C1=CC=C(C=C1)C2=NC(C(=O)NC3=C2C=C(C=C3)Cl)C(=O)[O-].[OH-].[K+].[K+]", ["Clorazepate Dipotassium is a benzodiazepine with anxiolytic, sedative, hypnotic, and anticonvulsant properties. Clorazepate dipotassium exerts its effect by de-activating the nervous system through potentiation of the inhibitory effect of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on the GABA-A receptors by binding to a site that is distinct from the GABA binding site. Its inhibitory effect is caused by an increase in GABA-mediated chloride channel opening events, leading to hyperpolarization and synaptic inhibition.", "A water-soluble benzodiazepine derivative effective in the treatment of anxiety. It has also muscle relaxant and anticonvulsant actions."]], ["Ocufen", "CC(C1=CC(=C(C=C1)C2=CC=CC=C2)F)C(=O)[O-].O.O.[Na+]", ["Flurbiprofen Sodium is the sodium salt form of flurbiprofen, a propionic acid derivative and a member of the phenylalkanoic acid group of non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) with analgesic, antiinflammatory and antipyretic effects. Flurbiprofen non-selectively binds to and inhibits cyclooxygenase (COX). This results in a reduction of arachidonic acid conversion into prostaglandins that are involved in the regulation of pain, inflammation and fever. This NSAID also inhibits carbonic anhydrase, thereby reducing the production of hydrogen and bicarbonate ions. Upon ocular administration, flurbiprofen may reduce bicarbonate ion concentrations leading to a decrease in the production of aqueous humor, thereby lowering intraocular pressure.", "An anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic of the phenylalkynoic acid series. It has been shown to reduce bone resorption in periodontal disease by inhibiting CARBONIC ANHYDRASE."]], ["Tasisulam sodium", "C1=CC(=C(C=C1Cl)Cl)C(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C2=CC=C(S2)Br.[Na+]", ["Tasisulam Sodium is the sodium salt of an acyl-sulfonamide with potential antineoplastic activity. Selectively toxic towards tumor cells, tasisulam appears to induce tumor cell apoptosis by a mitochondrial-targeted mechanism involving the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In combination with an angiogenesis inhibitor, this agent may exhibit synergistic antiangiogenic activity."]], ["CID 23724509", "CC[C@@H]1C(=O)N2CCC[C@H]2C(=O)N([C@H](C(=O)N3CC(C(=O)CC3C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)O[C@@H]([C@@H](C(=O)N1)NC(=O)C4=C(C=CC=N4)O)C)C5=CC=CC=C5)CS[C@@H]6CN7CCC6CC7)CC8=CC=C(C=C8)N(C)C)C", ["Quinupristin is a cyclodepsipeptide.", "Quinupristin is a semi-synthetic derivative of pristinamycin, a natural occurring type B streptogramin. Quinupristin binds to the bacterial 50S ribosomal subunit, thereby inhibiting peptide chain elongation, and causing early termination of normal bacterial protein synthesis. Quinupristin is primarily effective against gram-positive cocci."]], ["Quinupristin-dalfopristin mixt", "CC[C@@H]1C(=O)N2CCC[C@H]2C(=O)N([C@H](C(=O)N3CC(C(=O)CC3C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)O[C@@H]([C@@H](C(=O)N1)NC(=O)C4=C(C=CC=N4)O)C)C5=CC=CC=C5)CS[C@@H]6CN7CCC6CC7)CC8=CC=C(C=C8)N(C)C)C.CCN(CC)CCS(=O)(=O)[C@@H]1CCN2C1C(=O)O[C@@H]([C@@H](/C=C/C(=O)NC/C=C/C(=C/[C@H](CC(=O)CC3=NC(=CO3)C2=O)O)/C)C)C(C)C", ["Quinupristin-dalfopristin is an organic molecular entity."]], ["Mycinamicin VI", "CC[C@@H]1[C@H](/C=C/C=C/C(=O)[C@@H](C[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](/C=C/C(=O)O1)C)O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H](C[C@H](O2)C)N(C)C)O)C)C)CO[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O3)C)O)O)O", ["Mycinamicin VI is a mycinamicin composed of a 16-membered ring macrolactone core, an N,N-dimethylated deoxysugar desosamine and a 6-deoxysugar 6-deoxyallose.", "Mycinamicin VI is a natural product found in Micromonospora griseorubida with data available."]], ["(1R)-2-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine;sulfuric acid", "C1[C@H](C1C2=CC=CC=C2)N.C1[C@H](C1C2=CC=CC=C2)N.OS(=O)(=O)O", ["Tranylcypromine sulfate is an alkylammonium sulfate.", "Tranylcypromine Sulfate is the sulfate salt form of tranylcypromine, an orally bioavailable, nonselective, irreversible, non-hydrazine inhibitor of both monoamine oxidase (MAO) and lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1/BHC110), with antidepressant and anxiolytic activities, and potential antineoplastic activities. Upon oral administration, tranylcypromine exerts its antidepressant and anxiolytic effects through the inhibition of MAO, an enzyme that catalyzes the breakdown of the monoamine neurotransmitters serotonin, norepinephrine, epinephrine and dopamine. This increases the concentrations and activity of these neurotransmitters. Tranylcypromine exerts its antineoplastic effect through the inhibition of LSD1. Inhibition of LSD1 prevents the transcription of LSD1 target genes. LSD1, a flavin-dependent monoamine oxidoreductase and a histone demethylase, is upregulated in a variety of cancers and plays a key role in tumor cell proliferation, migration, and invasion.", "A propylamine formed from the cyclization of the side chain of amphetamine. This monoamine oxidase inhibitor is effective in the treatment of major depression, dysthymic disorder, and atypical depression. It also is useful in panic and phobic disorders. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p311)"]], ["ethyl (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17E)-icosa-5,8,11,14,17-pentaenoate", "CC/C=C/C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCC(=O)OCC", ["Ethyl (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17E)-icosa-5,8,11,14,17-pentaenoate is a fatty acid ester."]], ["Piperacillin-tazobactam", "CCN1CCN(C(=O)C1=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C2=CC=CC=C2)C(=O)N[C@H]3[C@@H]4N(C3=O)[C@H](C(S4)(C)C)C(=O)[O-].C[C@@]1([C@@H](N2[C@H](S1(=O)=O)CC2=O)C(=O)O)CN3C=CN=N3.[Na+]", ["Piperacillin-Tazobactam is a combination formulation of the antibiotic piperacillin and the beta-lactamase inhibitor tazobactam with antibacterial activity. Piperacillin, a broad-spectrum, semisynthetic penicillin, binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBP) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall, thereby interfering with the cross-linking of peptidoglycan chains necessary for bacterial cell wall strength and rigidity. As a result, the cell wall is weakened and the cell lyses. Tazobactam, a penicillanic acid sulfone derivative, irreversibly binds to and inhibits bacterial beta-lactamase at or near its active site, thereby preventing the destruction of the beta-lactamase susceptible piperacillin by this bacterial enzyme."]], ["Oxycodone terephthalate", "CN1CC[C@]23[C@@H]4C(=O)CC[C@]2([C@H]1CC5=C3C(=C(C=C5)OC)O4)O.CN1CC[C@]23[C@@H]4C(=O)CC[C@]2([C@H]1CC5=C3C(=C(C=C5)OC)O4)O.C1=CC(=CC=C1C(=O)O)C(=O)O", ["Oxycodone Terephthalate is the terephthalate salt of oxycodone, a methylether of oxymorphone and semisynthetic, agonistic opioid with analgesic and antitussic properties. Oxycodone terephthalate exerts its analgesic actions by binding to the mu-receptors in the central nervous system (CNS), thereby mimicking the effects of endogenous opiates. By binding to the mu-opioid receptors, oxycodone terephthalate also causes euphoria, anxiolysis, miosis, sedation, physical dependence, constipation, respiratory depression as well as a depressive effect on the cough center in the medulla."]], ["Trisodium;2-[[2-[bis(carboxylatomethyl)amino]-3-[(4,4-diphenylcyclohexyl)oxy-oxidophosphoryl]oxypropyl]-[2-[bis(carboxylatomethyl)amino]ethyl]amino]acetate;gadolinium(3+);hydrate", "C1CC(CCC1OP(=O)([O-])OCC(CN(CCN(CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])N(CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])(C2=CC=CC=C2)C3=CC=CC=C3.O.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Gd+3]", ["Gadofosveset Trisodium is the trisodium salt form of gadofosveset, an injectable, intravascular, amphiphilic gadolinium-based contrast agent (GBCA) used with magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) imaging. Gadofosveset is a stable gadolinium diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA) chelate derivative with a diphenylcyclohexylphosphate group. Upon injection, gadofosveset binds reversibly to endogenous serum albumin which increases its intravascular retention time compared to non-protein binding contrast agents. The serum albumin binding also increases T1-relaxivity of gadofosveset. This produces an increase in signal intensity of blood, thereby enhancing the visualization of blood vessels upon MRA and may aid in the diagnosis of certain blood vessels and heart disorders."]], ["Glofil-125", "CC(=O)NC1=C(C(=C(C(=C1[125I])C(=O)[O-])[125I])C(=O)NC)[125I].[Na+]", ["Iothalamate Sodium I-125 is the sodium salt form of iothalamate, an organic iodine compound, labeled with iodine I-125 and used as a radiopharmaceutical. Iothalamate sodium I-125 is cleared by glomerular filtration without tubular secretion or reabsorption and can be used as a diagnostic tool to determine the glomerular filtration rate."]], ["Liothyronine I-131", "C1=CC(=C(C=C1OC2=C(C=C(C=C2[131I])C[C@@H](C(=O)O)N)[131I])[131I])O", ["Liothyronine I-131 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Tricuspid Atresia and Heart Defects, Congenital.", "Liothyronine I-131 is a radioconjugate of synthetic active thyroid hormone, liothyronine (T3), labeled with Iodine 131. Liothyronine involves many important metabolic functions and is essential to the proper development and differentiation of all cells. I131 liothyronine may be used in radiotherapy in thyroid cancers."]], ["Indium IN-111 pentetate disodium", "C(CN(CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])N(CCN(CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-].[Na+].[Na+].[111In+3]", ["Indium in-111 pentetate disodium is a Radioactive Diagnostic Agent. The mechanism of action of indium in-111 pentetate disodium is as a Radiopharmaceutical Activity."]], ["Rose bengal (131I) sodium", "C1=C2C(=C3C=C(C(=O)C(=C3OC2=C(C(=C1[131I])[O-])[131I])[131I])[131I])C4=C(C(=C(C(=C4Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)C(=O)[O-].[Na+].[Na+]", ["A bright bluish pink compound that has been used as a dye, biological stain, and diagnostic aid."]], ["Technetium Tc 99m pentetate", "C(CN(CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])N(CCN(CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-].[Na+].[99Tc+4]", ["A technetium imaging agent used in renal scintigraphy, computed tomography, lung ventilation imaging, gastrointestinal scintigraphy, and many other procedures which employ radionuclide imaging agents."]], ["Emcyt", "C[C@]12CC[C@H]3[C@H]([C@@H]1CC[C@@H]2OP(=O)([O-])[O-])CCC4=C3C=CC(=C4)OC(=O)N(CCCl)CCCl.O.[Na+].[Na+]", ["Estramustine Phosphate Sodium is the orally available disodium salt, monohydrate, of estramustine phosphate, a synthetic molecule that combines estradiol and nornitrogen mustard through a carbamate link. Estramustine and its major metabolite estramustine bind to microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) and tubulin, thereby inhibiting microtubule dynamics and leading to anaphase arrest in a dose-dependent fashion. This agent also exhibits anti-androgenic effects.", "A nitrogen mustard linked to estradiol, usually as phosphate; used to treat prostatic neoplasms; also has radiation protective properties."]], ["Panobinostat lactate", "CC1=C(C2=CC=CC=C2N1)CCNCC3=CC=C(C=C3)/C=C/C(=O)NO.CC(C(=O)O)O", ["Panobinostat lactate is a lactate salt having panobinostat(1+) as the counterion. A histone deacetylase inhibitor used in combination with bortezomib and dexamethasone for the treatment of multiple myeloma. It has a role as an EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor, an antineoplastic agent and an angiogenesis modulating agent. It is a lactate salt and an organoammonium salt. It contains a panobinostat(1+).", "Panobinostat is a drug that was previously approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) under the brand name Farydak for the treatment of a certain type of cancer. Panobinostat is currently being studied as an investigational drug as part of a strategy to cure HIV infection. As an investigational HIV therapy, panobinostat belongs to a group of drugs called latency-reversing agents.", "Panobinostat Lactate is the lactate form of panobinostat, a pan histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, panobinostat selectively targets, binds to and inhibits HDAC, which induces hyperacetylation of core histone proteins. The accumulation of highly acetylated histones leads to chromatin remodeling, an altered pattern of gene expression, inhibition of tumor oncogene transcription and the selective transcription of tumor suppressor genes. This results in the inhibition of tumor cell division and the induction of tumor cell apoptosis. HDAC, upregulated in many tumor cell types, is an enzyme family that deacetylates histone proteins."]], ["Tirasemtiv", "CCC(CC)N1C2=NC(=CN=C2NC1=O)C#C", ["Tirasemtiv has been used in trials studying the treatment of Myasthenia Gravis, Intermittent Claudication, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis."]], ["Mgb-BP-3", "CN1C=C(C=C1C(=O)NC2=CN(C(=C2)C(=O)NCCN3CCOCC3)C)NC(=O)C4=CC=C(C=C4)/C=C/C5=CC6=CC=CC=C6N=C5", ["Mgb Bp 3 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02518607 (Safety, Blood Levels and Effects of MGB-BP-3)."]], ["(1R,3S,5R,7R,8E,12R,14E,16E,18E,20E,24S,25R,26S)-22-[(2R,5S)-4-amino-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-1,3,26-trihydroxy-12-methyl-10-oxo-6,11,28-trioxatricyclo[22.3.1.05,7]octacosa-8,14,16,18,20-pentaene-25-carboxylic acid", "C[C@@H]1C/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/C(C[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H](C[C@](O2)(C[C@H](C[C@@H]3[C@H](O3)/C=C/C(=O)O1)O)O)O)C(=O)O)O[C@H]4C(C([C@@H](C(O4)C)O)N)O", ["Natamycin is a polyene amphoteric macrolide antibiotic with antifungal properties. Natamycin exerts its antifungal effects by binding to sterols in the fungal cell membrane thereby increasing membrane permeability. This leads to a leakage and loss of essential cellular constituents. Following ocular application, natamycin is retained in the conjunctival fornices and attains effective concentrations within the corneal stroma where it exerts its effect.", "Amphoteric macrolide antifungal antibiotic from Streptomyces natalensis or S. chattanoogensis. It is used for a variety of fungal infections, mainly topically."]], ["Bilopaque", "CCCC(=O)NC1=C(C=C(C(=C1I)CC(CC)C(=O)O)I)I.[Na+]", ["A diagnostic aid as a radiopaque medium in cholecystography."]], ["Silver carbonate (2:1)", "C(=O)(O)O.[Ag]", ["Silver carbonate is an odorless yellow to brown solid. Sinks in water. (USCG, 1999)"]], ["Boric acid;phenylmercury", "B(O)(O)O.C1=CC=C(C=C1)[Hg]", ["Phenylmercuric borate is an organomercuric compound. It is used as a topical antiseptic and disinfectant. Mercury is a heavy, silvery d-block metal and one of six elements that are liquid at or near room temperature and pressure. It is a naturally occuring substance, and combines with other elements such as chlorine, sulfur, or oxygen to form inorganic mercury compounds (salts). Mercury also combines with carbon to make organic mercury compounds. (L1, L262)"]], ["(1-Thio-beta-D-glucopyranosato)(triethylphosphine)gold 2,3,4,6-tetraacetate", "CCP(CC)CC.CC(=O)OCC1C(C(C(C(O1)[S-])OC(=O)C)OC(=O)C)OC(=O)C.[Au+]", ["Auranofin is an orally available, lipophilic, organogold compound, used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, with anti-inflammatory and potential antineoplastic activities. Auranofin interacts with selenocysteine residue within the redox-active domain of mitochondrial thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), thereby blocking the activity of TrxR. As a result, this agent induces mitochondrial oxidative stress leading to the induction of apoptosis. Furthermore, this agent strongly inhibits the JAK1/STAT3 signal transduction pathway, thereby suppressing expression of immune factors involved in inflammation. TrxR, overexpressed in many cancer cell types, inhibits apoptosis, promotes cell growth and survival and plays a role in resistance to chemotherapy; TrxR catalyzes the reduction of oxidized thioredoxin (Trx) and plays a central role in regulating cellular redox homeostasis.", "An oral chrysotherapeutic agent for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Its exact mechanism of action is unknown, but it is believed to act via immunological mechanisms and alteration of lysosomal enzyme activity. Its efficacy is slightly less than that of injected gold salts, but it is better tolerated, and side effects which occur are potentially less serious."]], ["Azanide;2-hydroxyacetic acid;platinum(2+)", "C(C(=O)O)O.[NH2-].[NH2-].[Pt+2]", ["Nedaplatin is a second-generation cisplatin analogue with antineoplastic activity. Containing a novel ring structure in which glycolate is bound to the platinum by a bidentate ligand, nedaplatin forms reactive platinum complexes that bind to nucelophillic groups in DNA, resulting in intrastrand and interstrand DNA cross-links, apoptosis and cell death. This agent appears to be less nephrotoxic and neurotoxic compared to both cisplatin and carboplatin."]], ["bis[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl] (2E,4E,6E,8E,10Z,12E,14Z)-2,6,11,15-tetramethylhexadeca-2,4,6,8,10,12,14-heptaenedioate", "C/C(=C\\C=C\\C=C(\\C)/C=C/C=C(/C)\\C(=O)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O1)CO[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O2)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O)/C=C/C=C(\\C)/C(=O)O[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O3)CO[C@H]4[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O", ["bis[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl] (2E,4E,6E,8E,10Z,12E,14Z)-2,6,11,15-tetramethylhexadeca-2,4,6,8,10,12,14-heptaenedioate is a natural product found in Crocus sativus with data available."]], ["(1S,2R,18R,19R,22S,25R,28R,40S)-48-[(2S,3R,4S,5S)-3-[(2S,4S,5S,6S)-4-amino-5-hydroxy-4,6-dimethyloxan-2-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-22-(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-5,15-dichloro-2,18,32,35,37-pentahydroxy-19-[[(2R)-4-methyl-2-(methylamino)pentanoyl]amino]-20,23,26,42,44-pentaoxo-7,13-dioxa-21,24,27,41,43-pentazaoctacyclo[26.14.2.23,6.214,17.18,12.129,33.010,25.034,39]pentaconta-3,5,8(48),9,11,14,16,29(45),30,32,34(39),35,37,46,49-pentadecaene-40-carboxylic acid;hydrochloride", "C[C@H]1[C@H]([C@@](C[C@@H](O1)O[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@@H](C(O[C@H]2OC3=C4C=C5C=C3OC6=C(C=C(C=C6)[C@H]([C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@H]5C(=O)N[C@@H]7C8=CC(=C(C=C8)O)C9=C(C=C(C=C9O)O)[C@H](NC(=O)[C@H]([C@@H](C1=CC(=C(O4)C=C1)Cl)O)NC7=O)C(=O)O)CC(=O)N)NC(=O)[C@@H](CC(C)C)NC)O)Cl)CO)O)O)(C)N)O.Cl", ["Vancomycin hydrochloride is an antibacterial prescription medicine approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of certain bacterial infections, such as infections caused by Clostridium difficile and Staphylococcus aureus.", "Vancomycin Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt of vancomycin, a branched tricyclic glycosylated peptide with bactericidal activity against most organisms and bacteriostatic effect on enterococci. At a site different from that of penicillins and cephalosporins, vancomycin binds tightly to the D-alanyl-D-alanine portion of cell wall precursors, thereby interfering with bacterial cell wall synthesis. This leads to activation of bacterial autolysins that destroy the cell wall by lysis. Vancomycin may also alter the permeability of bacterial cytoplasmic membranes and may selectively inhibit RNA synthesis.", "Antibacterial obtained from Streptomyces orientalis. It is a glycopeptide related to RISTOCETIN that inhibits bacterial cell wall assembly and is toxic to kidneys and the inner ear."]], ["ginsenoside-Rd", "CC(=CCC[C@@](C)([C@H]1CC[C@@]2([C@@H]1[C@@H](C[C@H]3[C@]2(C[C@@H]([C@@H]4[C@@]3(CC[C@@H](C4(C)C)O)C)O[C@H]5[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O5)CO)O)O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O)C)O)C)O[C@H]7[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O7)CO)O)O)O)C", ["ginsenoside-Rd is a natural product found in Panax vietnamensis, Gynostemma pentaphyllum, and other organisms with data available."]], ["[1,1'-Biphenyl]-4-methanamine, N-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-yl)-3,5-difluoro-3'-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)-", "C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C21)NCC3=C(C=C(C=C3F)C4=CC(=CC=C4)C5=NC=NN5)F", ["GSK1521498 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Obesity and Alcoholism."]], ["Inarigivir soproxil", "CC(C)OC(=O)OCSP(=O)(OC[C@@H]1[C@H](C[C@@H](O1)N2C=NC3=C(N=CN=C32)N)O)O[C@@H]4[C@H](O[C@H]([C@@H]4OC)N5C=CC(=O)NC5=O)CO", ["Inarigivir soproxil is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03434353 (Study to Evaluate the Antiviral Activity of Inarigivir (GS-9992) Plus Tenofovir Alafenamide (TAF) for 12 Weeks in Adults With Chronic Hepatitis B (CHB))."]], ["2-[4-[4-[(3aR,6aR)-5-methyl-2,3,3a,4,6,6a-hexahydropyrrolo[3,2-c]pyrrol-1-yl]phenyl]phenyl]pyridazin-3-one", "CN1C[C@H]2CCN([C@H]2C1)C3=CC=C(C=C3)C4=CC=C(C=C4)N5C(=O)C=CC=N5", ["ABT-288 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01018875 (Efficacy and Safety Study of ABT-288 in Subjects With Mild-to-Moderate Alzheimer's Disease)."]], ["N-(4-(4-Fluorophenyl)-2,2-dimethyl-3-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-7-yl)methanesulfonamide", "CC1(C(=O)N(C2=C(O1)C=C(C=C2)NS(=O)(=O)C)C3=CC=C(C=C3)F)C", ["Apararenone is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02531568 (Drug Interaction Study of Warfarin and MT-3995)."]], ["Adriforant", "CN[C@@H]1CCN(C1)C2=NC(=NC(=C2)NCC3CC3)N", ["Adriforant is under investigation in clinical trial NCT00992342 (A Phase 1 Study To Evaluate The Safety And Tolerability Of Different Doses Of PF-03893787 In Healthy Adult Volunteers)."]], ["MK-5108", "C1CC(CCC1OC2=C(C(=CC=C2)Cl)F)(CC3=NC(=CC=C3)NC4=NC=CS4)C(=O)O", ["4-(3-chloro-2-fluorophenoxy)-1-[[6-(2-thiazolylamino)-2-pyridinyl]methyl]-1-cyclohexanecarboxylic acid is an aromatic ether.", "MK-5108 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Cancer, Neoplasms, Tumors.", "Aurora A Kinase Inhibitor MK5108 is an orally bioavailable, highly selective small molecule inhibitor of the serine/threonine protein kinase Aurora A, with potential antimitotic and antineoplastic activity. Aurora A kinase inhibitor MK5108 binds to and inhibits Aurora A kinase, which may result in disruption of the assembly of the mitotic spindle apparatus, disruption of chromosome segregation, and eventually inhibition of cell division, proliferation and an induction of apoptosis in cells overexpressing Aurora A kinase. Aurora A kinase localizes to the spindle poles and to spindle microtubules during mitosis, and is thought to regulate spindle assembly. Aurora kinases are overexpressed in a wide variety of cancers."]], ["Silmitasertib", "C1=CC(=CC(=C1)Cl)NC2=NC3=C(C=CC(=C3)C(=O)O)C4=C2C=CN=C4", ["Silmitasertib is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03904862 (Testing the Safety and Tolerability of CX-4945 in Patients With Recurrent Medulloblastoma Who May or May Not Have Surgery).", "Silmitasertib is an orally bioavailable small-molecule inhibitor of the enzyme casein kinase II (CK2), with potential antineoplastic, anti-viral and immunomodulatory activities. Upon oral administration, silmitasertib selectively binds to and inhibits the activity of CK2. This may inhibit proliferation of CK2-expressing tumor cells, and may also inhibit the replication of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-COV-2). In addition, this may restore normal host cell cytokine regulation, prevent cytokine storm and suppress the hyperactivation of the innate immune system. CK2, a protein kinase often overexpressed in a variety of cancer cell types, appears to be correlated with malignant transformation, tumor growth and survival. CK2 regulates a diverse array of pro-survival cellular processes including epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling, PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling, hedgehog (Hh) signaling, Hsp90 machinery, hypoxia, and interleukin (IL)-6 expression. CK2 also regulates the activity of XRCC1 and MDC1, two mediator/adaptor proteins that are essential for DNA repair. CK2 is upregulated by SARS-COV-2 and is associated with SARS-COV-2 viral replication and the development of cytokine storm."]], ["2-(3-Pentylphenyl)acetic acid", "CCCCCC1=CC(=CC=C1)CC(=O)O", ["Setogepram is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03184584 (Open-Label Rollover Study of PBI 4050 in Subjects With Alstr\u00f6m Syndrome)."]], ["(S)-5-(((4-((5-Chloropyridin-2-yl)oxy)piperidin-1-yl)sulfonyl)methyl)-5-methylimidazolidine-2,4-dione", "C[C@]1(C(=O)NC(=O)N1)CS(=O)(=O)N2CCC(CC2)OC3=NC=C(C=C3)Cl", ["AZD1236 has been used in trials studying the basic science and treatment of Cystic Fibrosis and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease."]], ["Briciclib sodium", "COC1=C(C=C(C=C1)CS(=O)(=O)/C=C/C2=C(C=C(C=C2OC)OC)OC)OP(=O)([O-])[O-].[Na+].[Na+]", ["Briciclib Sodium is a benzyl styryl sulfone analog, and a disodium phosphate ester prodrug of ON 013100, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon hydrolysis, briciclib is converted to ON 013100, which blocks cyclin D mRNA translation and decreases protein expression of cyclin D. This may induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in cancer cells overexpressing cyclin D and eventually decrease tumor cell proliferation. This agent may exhibit synergistic antitumor activity in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents. Cyclin D, a member of the cyclin family of cell cycle regulators, plays a key role in cell cycle division and is often overexpressed in a variety of hematologic and solid tumors and is correlated with poor prognosis."]], ["1-Naphthalenecarboxamide, 6-((6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-pyrimidinyl)oxy)-N-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-", "C1=CC(=CC(=C1)NC(=O)C2=CC=CC3=C2C=CC(=C3)OC4=NC=NC(=C4)CO)C(F)(F)F", ["BFH772 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01449591 (Safety, Tolerability and Efficacy of BFH772 in Rosacea Patients)."]], ["Cudc-101", "COC1=C(C=C2C(=C1)N=CN=C2NC3=CC=CC(=C3)C#C)OCCCCCCC(=O)NO", ["CUDC-101 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Cancer, Tumors, Liver Cancer, Breast Cancer, and Gastric Cancer, among others.", "HDAC/EGFR/HER2 Inhibitor CUDC-101 is a multi-targeted, small-molecule inhibitor of histone deacetylase (HDAC), epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase (EGFR/ErbB1), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 tyrosine kinase (HER2/neu or ErbB2) with potential antineoplastic activity. HDAC/EGFR/HER2 inhibitor CUDC-101 inhibits the activity of these three enzymes but the exact mechanism of action is presently unknown. This agent may help overcome resistance to inhibition of EGFR and Her2 through a simultaneous, synergistic inhibition of EGFR, Her2, and HDAC."]], ["AdoMet", "C[S+](CC[C@@H](C(=O)[O-])[NH3+])C[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O1)N2C=NC3=C(N=CN=C32)N)O)O", ["S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion is a zwitterionic tautomer of S-adenosyl-L-methionine arising from shift of the proton from the carboxy group to the amino group. It has a role as a cofactor. It is a sulfonium compound and an organic cation. It is a tautomer of a S-adenosyl-L-methionine.", "S-Adenosylmethionine is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).", "AdoMet is a natural product found in Arabidopsis thaliana, Pisum sativum, and other organisms with data available.", "S-Adenosylmethionine is a nutritional supplement that is synthesized from adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and the amino acid methionine by the endogenous essential enzyme methionine adenosyltransferase (MAT), with potential antineoplastic activity.  Upon administration, S-adenosylmethionine acts as a methyl donor for various transmethylation reactions. In cancer cells, this agent induces the methylation of tumor promoting genes, reverses DNA hypomethylation, and leads to the suppression of oncogene transcription. This induces apoptosis in and inhibits proliferation of susceptible tumor cells.", "S-Adenosyl-L-methionine is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.", "Physiologic methyl radical donor involved in enzymatic transmethylation reactions and present in all living organisms. It possesses anti-inflammatory activity and has been used in treatment of chronic liver disease. (From Merck, 11th ed)"]], ["Tak-593", "CC1=C(C=C(C=C1)OC2=NN3C=C(N=C3C=C2)NC(=O)C4CC4)NC(=O)C5=CC(=NN5C)C", ["TAK-593 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Solid Tumors.", "VEGFR/PDGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor TAK-593 is an oral formulation containing a small-molecule receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor of both vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) and platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) with potential antineoplastic activity. TAK-593 selectively binds to and inhibits VEGFR and PDGFR, which may result in the inhibition of angiogenesis and tumor cell proliferation."]], ["Bms-641988", "CCS(=O)(=O)N[C@@H]1C[C@@]2([C@@H]3[C@H]([C@]1(O2)C)C(=O)N(C3=O)C4=CC(=C(C=C4)C#N)C(F)(F)F)C", ["N-[(3aR,4R,5R,7R,7aS)-2-[4-cyano-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4,7-dimethyl-1,3-dioxo-3a,5,6,7a-tetrahydro-octahydro-1H-4,7-epoxyisoindol-5-yl]ethanesulfonamide is an organonitrogen compound and an organooxygen compound. It is functionally related to a delta-amino acid.", "AR Antagonist BMS-641988 is an androgen receptor (AR) antagonist with potential antineoplastic and anti-androgenic activities. BMS-641988 binds to the androgen receptor in target tissues, thereby preventing androgen-induced receptor activation, and facilitates the formation of inactive complexes that cannot be translocated to the nucleus. This may inhibit androgen-dependent gene expression, subsequently leading to an inhibition of cell growth and apoptosis in AR-expressing cells."]], ["4'-Azido-2'-deoxy-2'-methyl-cytidine di-isobutyryl ester", "C[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@](O[C@H]1N2C=CC(=NC2=O)N)(COC(=O)C(C)C)N=[N+]=[N-])OC(=O)C(C)C", ["TMC-649128 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01391117 (TMC649128HPC1002 - a Trial inGenotype 1 Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) - Infected Participants to Determine the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics and Antiviral Activity of TMC649128, Alone and Combined With Pegylated Interferon + Ribavirin)."]], ["Azvudine", "C1=CN(C(=O)N=C1N)[C@H]2[C@H]([C@@H]([C@](O2)(CO)N=[N+]=[N-])O)F", ["Azvudine is under investigation in clinical trial NCT04668235 (Study on Safety and Clinical Efficacy of AZVUDINE in COVID-19 Patients (Sars-cov-2 Infected))."]], ["Alanine, N,N'-((5-(2-amino-5-(2,2-dimethyl-1-oxopropyl)-4-thiazolyl)-2-furanyl)phosphinylidene)bis(2-methyl-, diethyl ester", "CCOC(=O)C(C)(C)NP(=O)(C1=CC=C(O1)C2=C(SC(=N2)N)C(=O)C(C)(C)C)NC(C)(C)C(=O)OCC", ["MB07803 is a second generation gluconeogenesis inhibitor for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. It is designed to block the metabolic pathway in the liver that is responsible for producing glucose."]], ["(4-Cyclobutyl-1,4-diazepan-1-yl)(6-(4-fluorophenoxy)pyridin-3-yl)methanone", "C1CC(C1)N2CCCN(CC2)C(=O)C3=CN=C(C=C3)OC4=CC=C(C=C4)F", ["JNJ-39220675 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Allergic Rhinitis."]], ["N-pyridazin-3-yl-4-[[3-[5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]oxyphenyl]methylidene]piperidine-1-carboxamide", "C1CN(CCC1=CC2=CC(=CC=C2)OC3=NC=C(C=C3)C(F)(F)F)C(=O)NC4=NN=CC=C4", ["PF-04457845 is under investigation in Fear Conditioning. PF-04457845 has been investigated for the treatment of Tourette Syndrome and Cannabis Dependence."]], ["Alisertib", "COC1=C(C(=CC=C1)F)C2=NCC3=CN=C(N=C3C4=C2C=C(C=C4)Cl)NC5=CC(=C(C=C5)C(=O)O)OC", ["4-[[9-chloro-7-(2-fluoro-6-methoxyphenyl)-5H-pyrimido[5,4-d][2]benzazepin-2-yl]amino]-2-methoxybenzoic acid is a benzazepine.", "Alisertib is a novel aurora A kinase inhibitor under investigation for the treatment of various forms of cancer.", "Alisertib is a second-generation, orally bioavailable, highly selective small molecule inhibitor of the serine/threonine protein kinase Aurora A kinase with potential antineoplastic activity. Alisertib binds to and inhibits Aurora A kinase, which may result in disruption of the assembly of the mitotic spindle apparatus, disruption of chromosome segregation, and inhibition of cell proliferation. Aurora A kinase localizes to the spindle poles and to spindle microtubules during mitosis, and is thought to regulate spindle assembly. Aberrant expression of Aurora kinases occurs in a wide variety of cancers, including colon and breast cancers."]], ["1-tetradecanoyl-2-(11Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCC", ["1-tetradecanoyl-2-(11Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is a phosphatidylcholine 32:1 in which the acyl groups at C-1 and C-2 are tetradecanoyl and (11Z)-octadec-11-enoyl respectively. It has a role as a mouse metabolite. It is a phosphatidylcholine 32:1 and a tetradecanoate ester. It is functionally related to a cis-vaccenic acid.", "1-tetradecanoyl-2-(11Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is a natural product found in Trypanosoma brucei with data available.", "PC(14:0/18:1(11Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["1-tetradecanoyl-2-[(9Z)-octadecenoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCC", ["1-tetradecanoyl-2-[(9Z)-octadecenoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is a phosphatidylcholine 32:1 in which the acyl groups at C-1 and C-2 are tetradecanoyl and (9Z)-octadecenoyl respectively. It has a role as a mouse metabolite. It is a phosphatidylcholine 32:1 and a tetradecanoate ester. It is functionally related to an oleic acid.", "PC(14:0/18:1(9Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["1-tetradecanoyl-2-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCC", ["1-tetradecanoyl-2-[(9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is a phosphatidylcholine 32:2 in which the acyl groups specified at positions 1 and 2 are tetradecanoyl and (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl respectively. It is a phosphatidylcholine 32:2 and a tetradecanoate ester. It is functionally related to a linoleic acid.", "1-tetradecanoyl-2-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is a natural product found in Trypanosoma brucei with data available."]], ["PC(14:0/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z))", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CC", ["1-tetradecanoyl-2-[(9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatrienoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is a phosphatidylcholine 32:3 in which the acyl groups at positions 1 and 2 are tetradecanoyl and (9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatrienoyl respectively. It is a phosphatidylcholine 32:3 and a tetradecanoate ester. It is functionally related to an alpha-linolenic acid.", "PC(14:0/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)) is a natural product found in Trypanosoma brucei with data available."]], ["PC(14:0/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z))", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCC", ["1-tetradecanoyl-2-[(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is a phosphatidylcholine 34:4 in which teh acyl groups specified at positions 1 and 2 are tetradecanoyl and (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl respectively. It is a phosphatidylcholine 34:4 and a tetradecanoate ester. It is functionally related to an arachidonic acid.", "PC(14:0/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["1-Tetradecanoyl-2-docosanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["1-tetradecanoyl-2-docosanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is a phosphatidylcholine 36:0 in which the acyl groups at positions 1 and 2 are tetradecanoyl and docosanoyl respectively. It is a phosphatidylcholine 36:0 and a tetradecanoate ester. It is functionally related to a docosanoic acid."]], ["PC(14:0/22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CC", ["1-tetradecanoyl-2-[(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is a phosphatidylcholine 36:6 in which the acyl groups at positions 1 and 2 tetradecanoyl and (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoyl respectively. It is a phosphatidylcholine 36:6 and a tetradecanoate ester. It is functionally related to an all-cis-docosa-4,7,10,13,16,19-hexaenoic acid.", "PC(14:0/22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)) is a natural product found in Lysiphlebia japonica and Aphis gossypii with data available.", "PC(14:0/22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["1,2-Dipentadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCC", ["1,2-di-O-pentadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is a phosphatidylcholine 30:0 in which the acyl group specified at positions 1 and 2 is pentadecanoyl. It is functionally related to a pentadecanoic acid.", "1,2-Dipentadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is a natural product found in Trypanosoma brucei with data available."]], ["1-Palmitoyl-2-myristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCC", ["1-palmitoyl-2-myristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is a phosphatidylcholine 30:0 in which the phosphatidyl acyl groups at positions 1 and 2 are palmitoyl (hexadecanoyl) and myristoyl (tetradecanoyl) respectively. It is a phosphatidylcholine 30:0 and a tetradecanoate ester. It is functionally related to a 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine."]], ["1-Hexadecanoyl-2-octadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["1-hexadecanoyl-2-octadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is a phosphatidylcholine 34:0 in which the 1- and 2-acyl groups are specified as hexadecanoyl (palmitoyl) and octadecanoyl (stearoyl) respectively. It has a role as a mouse metabolite. It is functionally related to a hexadecanoic acid and an octadecanoic acid.", "1-Hexadecanoyl-2-octadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is a natural product found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Drosophila melanogaster with data available.", "PC(16:0/18:0) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["1-hexadecanoyl-2-(11Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCC", ["1-palmitoyl-2-(11Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is a phosphatidylcholine 34:1 in which the 1- and 2-acyl groups are specified as hexadecanoyl (palmitoyl) and 11Z-octadecenoyl (cis-vaccenoyl) respectively. It is functionally related to a cis-vaccenic acid and a hexadecanoic acid.", "1-hexadecanoyl-2-(11Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is a natural product found in Trypanosoma brucei with data available.", "PC(16:0/18:1(11Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(16:0/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z))", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCC", ["1-palmitoyl-2-[(6Z,9Z,12Z)-octadecatrienoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is a phosphatidylcholine 34:3 in which the acyl groups specified at positions 1 and 2 are palmitoyl and (6Z,9Z,12Z)-octadecatrienoyl (gamma-linolenoyl) respectively. It has a role as a mouse metabolite. It is functionally related to a hexadecanoic acid and a gamma-linolenic acid.", "PC(16:0/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)) is a natural product found in Trypanosoma brucei with data available.", "PC(16:0/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(16:0/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z))", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CC", ["1-palmitoyl-2-[(9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatrienoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is a phosphatidylcholine 34:3 in which the acyl groups specified at positions 1 and 2 are palmitoyl and (9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatrienoyl (alpha-linolenoyl) respectively. It has a role as a mouse metabolite. It is functionally related to an alpha-linolenic acid and a hexadecanoic acid.", "PC(16:0/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)) is a natural product found in Trypanosoma brucei with data available.", "PC(16:0/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(16:0/18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z))", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CC", ["1-hexadecanoyl-2-[(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatetraenoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is a phosphatidylcholine 34:4 in which the acyl groups specified at positions 1 and 2 are hexadecanoyl and (6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatetraenoyl respectively. It is functionally related to a hexadecanoic acid and an all-cis-octadeca-6,9,12,15-tetraenoic acid.", "PC(16:0/18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["1-Hexadecanoyl-2-eicosanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["1-palmitoyl-2-icosanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine where the acyl groups at positions 1 and 2 are palmitoyl and icosanoyl respectively. It is functionally related to an icosanoic acid and a hexadecanoic acid."]], ["PC(16:0/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CC", ["1-hexadecanoyl-2-[(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-icosapentaenoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is a phosphatidylcholine 36:5 in which the acyl groups specified at positions 1 and 2 are hexadecanoyl and (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoyl respectively. It is functionally related to a hexadecanoic acid and an all-cis-5,8,11,14,17-icosapentaenoic acid.", "PC(16:0/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["1,2-Dipalmitoleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine", "CCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCC", ["1,2-dipalmitoleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is a phosphatidylcholine 32:2 in which both phosphatidyl acyl groups are specified as palmitoleoyl. It has a role as a mouse metabolite. It is functionally related to a palmitoleic acid.", "PC(16:1(9Z)/16:1(9Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["1-[(9Z)-hexadecenoyl]-2-[(11Z)-octadecenoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine", "CCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["1-[(9Z)-hexadecenoyl]-2-[(11Z)-octadecenoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is a phosphatidylcholine 34:2 in which the 1- and 2-acyl groups are specified as (9Z)-hexadecenoyl and (11Z)-octadecenoyl respectively. It has a role as a mouse metabolite. It is functionally related to a cis-vaccenic acid and a palmitoleic acid.", "1-[(9Z)-hexadecenoyl]-2-[(11Z)-octadecenoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is a natural product found in Trypanosoma brucei with data available.", "PC(16:1(9Z)/18:1(11Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["1-[(9Z)-hexadecenoyl]-2-[(9Z)-octadecenoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine", "CCCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["1-[(9Z)-hexadecenoyl]-2-[(9Z)-octadecenoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is a phosphatidylcholine 34:2 in which the 1- and 2-acyl groups are specified as (9Z)-hexadecenoyl (palmitoleoyl) and (9Z)-octadecenoyl (oleoyl) respectively. It has a role as a mouse metabolite. It is functionally related to an oleic acid and a palmitoleic acid.", "PC(16:1(9Z)/18:1(9Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(16:1(9Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))", "CCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCC", ["1-palmitoleoyl-2-linoleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is a phosphatidylcholine 34:3 in which the acyl groups specified at positions 1 and 2 are palmitoleoyl and linoleoyl respectively. It has a role as a mouse metabolite. It is functionally related to a palmitoleic acid and a linoleic acid.", "PC(16:1(9Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(16:1(9Z)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z))", "CCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCC", ["1-[(9Z)-hexadecenoyl]-2-[(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is a phosphatidylcholine 36:5 in which the acyl groups specified at positions 1 and 2 are (9Z)-hexadecenoyl and (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl respectively. It has a role as a mouse metabolite. It is functionally related to a palmitoleic acid and an arachidonic acid.", "PC(16:1(9Z)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["1-octadecanoyl-2-[(9Z)-hexadecenoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCC", ["1-octadecanoyl-2-[(9Z)-hexadecenoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is a phosphatidylcholine 34:1 in which the acyl groups specified at positions 1 and 2 are octadecanoyl and (9Z)-hexadecenoyl respectively. It is functionally related to a palmitoleic acid and an octadecanoic acid.", "PC(18:0/16:1(9Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["1-Stearoyl-2-vaccenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCC", ["1-octadecanoyl-2-[(11Z)-octadecenoyl]-sn-glycerophosphochlonine is a 1-octadecanoyl-2-octadecenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine in which the acyl groups specified at positions 1 and 2 are octadecanoyl and (11Z)-octadecenoyl respectively. It is functionally related to a cis-vaccenic acid.", "PC(18:0/18:1(11Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["1-Stearoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCC", ["1-stearoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is a phosphatidylcholine 36:1 in which the phosphatidyl acyl groups at positions 1 and 2 are stearoyl and oleoyl respectively. It is a 1-octadecanoyl-2-octadecenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine and a 1-acyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine betaine. It is a conjugate base of a 1-stearoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine(1+).", "1-Stearoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is a natural product found in Vitis vinifera, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Drosophila melanogaster with data available.", "PC(18:0/18:1(9Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(18:0/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z))", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCCCCC", ["1-octadecanoyl-2-[(5Z,8Z,11Z)-eicosatrienoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is a phosphatidylcholine 36:3 in which the acyl groups at positions 1 and 2 are specified as octadecanoyl and (5Z,8Z,11Z)-icosatrienoyl respectively. It is functionally related to an octadecanoic acid and a (5Z,8Z,11Z)-icosatrienoic acid.", "PC(18:0/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(18:0/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z))", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCC", ["1-octadecanoyl-2-[(8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatrienoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is a phosphatidylcholine 38:3 in which the acyl groups specified at positions 1 and 2 are octadecanoyl and (8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatrienoyl respectively. It is functionally related to an octadecanoic acid and an all-cis-icosa-8,11,14-trienoic acid.", "PC(18:0/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["1-octadecanoyl-2-(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z-docosatetraenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCC", ["1-octadecanoyl-2-(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z-docosatetraenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is a phosphatidylcholine 40:4 in which the two acyl substituents at positions 1 and 2 are specified as stearoyl and (7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)-docosatetraenoyl respectively. It has a role as a mouse metabolite. It is functionally related to an octadecanoic acid and an all-cis-docosa-7,10,13,16-tetraenoic acid.", "PC(18:0/22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["1-octadecanoyl-2-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z-docosahexaenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CC", ["1-octadecanoyl-2-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z-docosahexaenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is a phosphatidylcholine 40:6 in which the acyl groups at positions 1 and 2 are octadecanoyl and (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoyl respectively. It has a role as a mouse metabolite. It is functionally related to an octadecanoic acid and an all-cis-docosa-4,7,10,13,16,19-hexaenoic acid."]], ["1-Octadecanoyl-2-tetracosanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["1-octadecanoyl-2-tetracosanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is a phosphatidylcholine 42:0 in which the acyl groups specified at positions 1 and 2 are octadecanoyl and tetracosanoyl respectively. It is functionally related to an octadecanoic acid and a tetracosanoic acid.", "1-Octadecanoyl-2-tetracosanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is a natural product found in Bos taurus with data available."]], ["1-[(11Z)-octadecenoyl]-2-octadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["1-[(11Z)-octadecenoyl]-2-octadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is a 1-octadecanoyl-2-octadecenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine in which the acyl groups specified at positions 1 and 2 are (11Z)-octadecenoyl and octadecanoyl respectively. It is functionally related to a cis-vaccenic acid.", "PC(18:1(11Z)/18:0) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(18:1(11Z)/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))", "CCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CC", ["1-[(11Z)-octadecenoyl]-2-[(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is a phosphatidylcholine 38:6 in which the acyl groups specified at positions 1 and 2 are (11Z)-octadecenoyl and (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoyl respectively. It is functionally related to an all-cis-5,8,11,14,17-icosapentaenoic acid and a cis-vaccenic acid.", "PC(18:1(11Z)/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["1-(11Z-octadecenoyl)-2-(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z-docosapentaenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine", "CCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CC", ["1-(11Z-octadecenoyl)-2-(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z-docosapentaenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is a phosphatidylcholine 40:6 in which the acyl groups at C-1 and C-2 are (11Z)-octadecenoyl and (7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosapentaenoyl respectively. It is functionally related to a cis-vaccenic acid and a (7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosapentaenoic acid."]], ["1-Oleoyl-2-myristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["1-[(9Z)-octadecenoyl]-2-tetradecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is a phosphatidylcholine 32:1 in which the acyl groups specified at positions 1 and 2 are oleoyl and myristoyl respectively. It is a phosphatidylcholine 32:1 and a tetradecanoate ester. It is functionally related to an oleic acid.", "PC(18:1(9Z)/14:0) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["1-Oleoyl-2-palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["1-oleoyl-2-palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is a phosphatidylcholine 34:1 in which the two acyl substituents at positions 1 and 2 are specified as oleoyl and palmitoyl respectively. It is a phosphatidylcholine 34:1 and a 1-acyl-2-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine. It is functionally related to an oleic acid.", "PC(18:1(9Z)/16:0) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["1-[(9Z)-octadecenoyl]-2-[(9Z)-hexadecenoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine", "CCCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCC", ["1-[(9Z)-octadecenoyl]-2-[(9Z)-hexadecenoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is a phosphatidylcholine 34:2 in which the acyl groups specified at positions 1 and 2 are (9Z)-octadecenoyl and (9Z)-hexadecenoyl respectively. It is functionally related to an oleic acid and a palmitoleic acid.", "PC(18:1(9Z)/16:1(9Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["1-Oleoyl-2-stearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["1-oleoyl-2-stearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is a phosphatidylcholine 36:1 in which the phosphatidyl acyl groups at positions 1 and 2 are specified as oleoyl and stearoyl respectively. It is functionally related to an oleic acid and an octadecanoic acid.", "PC(18:1(9Z)/18:0) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(18:1(9Z)/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))", "CCCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CC", ["1-[(9Z)-octadecenoyl]-2-[(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is a phosphatidylcholine 38:6 in which the acyl groups specified at positions 1 and 2 are (9Z)-octadecenoyl and (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoyl respectively. It is functionally related to an oleic acid and an all-cis-5,8,11,14,17-icosapentaenoic acid.", "PC(18:1(9Z)/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["1-[(9Z)-octadecenoyl]-2-tetracosanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["1-[(9Z)-octadecenoyl]-2-tetracosanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is a phosphatidylcholine 42:1 in which the acyl groups specified at positions 1 and 2 are (9Z)-octadecenoyl and tetracosanoyl respectively. It is functionally related to a tetracosanoic acid and an oleic acid.", "PC(18:1(9Z)/24:0) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["1-[(9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl]-2-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["1-[(9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl]-2-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is a phosphatidylcholine 34:2 in which the acyl groups specified at positions 1 and 2 are (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl and linoleoyl respectively. It is functionally related to a linoleic acid and a hexadecanoic acid.", "PC(18:2(9Z,12Z)/16:0) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(18:2(9Z,12Z)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z))", "CCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCC", ["1-[(9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl]-2-[(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-icosatetraenoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is a phosphatidylcholine 38:6 in which the acyl groups specified at positions 1 and 2 are (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl and (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-icosatetraenoyl respectively. It has a role as a mouse metabolite. It is functionally related to an arachidonic acid and a linoleic acid.", "PC(18:2(9Z,12Z)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z))", "CC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CC", ["1,2-di-[(9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatrienoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is a phosphatidylcholine 36:6 in which the acyl groups specified at positions 1 and 2 is (9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatrienoyl. It is functionally related to an alpha-linolenic acid.", "PC(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["1-Eicosanoyl-2-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC", ["1-icosanoyl-2-palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is a phosphatidylcholine 36:0 where the acyl substituents at positions 1 and 2 are icosanoyl and palmitoyl respectively. It is a phosphatidylcholine 36:0 and a 1-acyl-2-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine. It is functionally related to a 1-icosanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine and an icosanoic acid."]], ["PC(20:0/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z))", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCC", ["1-icosanoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is a phosphatidylcholine 40:4 in which the two acyl substituents at positions 1 and 2 are specified as icosanoyl and arachidonoyl respectively. It is a phosphatidylcholine 40:4 and a 1-acyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine. It is functionally related to an icosanoic acid.", "PC(20:0/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["1-Eicosanoyl-2-docosanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["1-eicosanoyl-2-docosanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is a phosphatidylcholine 42:0 in which the acyl groups specified at positions 1 and 2 are eicosanoyl and docosanoyl respectively. It is functionally related to an icosanoic acid and a docosanoic acid."]], ["1-eicosanoyl-2-[(13Z)-docosenoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCC", ["1-eicosanoyl-2-[(13Z)-docosenoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is a phosphatidylcholine 42:1 in which the acyl groups specified at positions 1 and 2 are eicosanoyl and (13Z)-docosenoyl respectively. It is functionally related to an icosanoic acid and an erucic acid.", "PC(20:0/22:1(13Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(20:0/22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CC", ["1-eicosanoyl-2-[(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosapentaenoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is a phosphatidylcholine 42:5 in which the acyl groups specified at positions 1 and 2 are eicosanoyl and (7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosapentaenoyl respectively. It is a phosphatidylcholine 42:5 and a (7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosapentaenoic acid. It is functionally related to an icosanoic acid."]], ["PC(20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/18:1(9Z))", "CCCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](COC(=O)CCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["1-[(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoyl]-2-[(9Z)-octadecenoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is a phosphatidylcholine 38:6 in which the acyl groups specified at positions 1 and 2 are (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoyl and (9Z)-octadecenoyl respectively. It is functionally related to an oleic acid and an all-cis-5,8,11,14,17-icosapentaenoic acid.", "PC(20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/18:1(9Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["1-Docosanoyl-2-tetradecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCC", ["1-docosanoyl-2-tetradecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is a phosphatidylcholine 36:0 in which the acyl groups specified at positions 1 and 2 are docosanoyl and tetradecanoyl respectively. It is a phosphatidylcholine 36:0 and a tetradecanoate ester. It is functionally related to a docosanoic acid."]], ["1-docosanoyl-2-[(11Z)-eicosenoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCC", ["1-docosanoyl-2-[(11Z)-eicosenoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is a phosphatidylcholine 42:1 in which the acyl groups specified at positions 1 and 2 are docosanoyl and (11Z)-eicosenoyl respectively. It is functionally related to a docosanoic acid and an (11Z)-icos-11-enoic acid.", "PC(22:0/20:1(11Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/16:0)", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](COC(=O)CC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["1-[(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoyl]-2-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is a phosphatidylcholine 38:6 in which the acyl groups specified at positions 1 and 2 are (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoyl and hexadecanoyl respectively. It is functionally related to a hexadecanoic acid and an all-cis-docosa-4,7,10,13,16,19-hexaenoic acid."]], ["1-Tetracosanoyl-2-octadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC", ["1-tetracosanoyl-2-octadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is a phosphatidylcholine 42:0 in which the acyl groups specified at positions 1 and 2 are tetracosanoyl and octadecanoyl respectively. It is functionally related to an octadecanoic acid and a tetracosanoic acid."]], ["1-tetracosanoyl-2-[(9Z)-octadecenoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCC", ["1-tetracosanoyl-2-[(9Z)-octadecenoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is a phosphatidylcholine 42:1 in which the acyl groups specified at positions 1 and 2 are tetracosanoyl and (9Z)-octadecenoyl respectively. It is functionally related to an oleic acid and a tetracosanoic acid.", "PC(24:0/18:1(9Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(O-18:0/22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CC", ["1-octadecyl-2-[(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is a phosphatidylcholine O-40:6 in which the alkyl and the acyl groups at positions 1 and 2 are octadecyl and (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoyl respectively. It is a phosphatidylcholine O-40:6 and a 2-acyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine. It is functionally related to an all-cis-docosa-4,7,10,13,16,19-hexaenoic acid.", "PC(O-18:0/22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)) is a natural product found in Bos taurus with data available."]], ["1-[(1Z)-hexadecenyl]-2-[(9Z)-octadecenoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCC/C=C\\OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCC", ["1-[(1Z)-hexadecenyl]-2-[(9Z)-octadecenoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is a 1-(Z)-alk-1-enyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine in which the alkenyl group specified is (1Z)-hexadecenyl. It has a role as a metabolite.", "PC(P-16:0/18:1(9Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(P-16:0/18:2(9Z,12Z))", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCC/C=C\\OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCC", ["1-(1Z-hexadecenyl)-2-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is a 1-(Z)-alk-1-enyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine in which the alk-1-enyl and acyl groups are specified as (1Z)-hexadecenyl and (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl respectively. It has a role as a mouse metabolite. It is a 1-(Z)-alk-1-enyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine and a phosphatidylcholine (P-34:2). It is functionally related to a linoleic acid.", "PC(P-16:0/18:2(9Z,12Z)) is a natural product found in Trypanosoma brucei with data available.", "PC(P-16:0/18:2(9Z,12Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["1-Heptadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)O", ["1-heptadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is a lysophosphatidylcholine 17:0 in which the acyl group at position 1 is 1-heptadecanoyl and the hydroxy group at position 2 is unsubstituted. It is functionally related to a heptadecanoic acid."]], ["Lpc(O-18:2(1Z,9Z))", "CCCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCC/C=C\\OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)O", ["1-[(1Z,9Z)-octadecadienyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is a 1-(Z)-alk-1-enyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine in which the alkenyl group is (1Z,9Z)-octadecadienyl. It has a role as a mouse metabolite and a human metabolite."]], ["C24 Sulfatide", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)N[C@@H](CO[C@H]1C(C([C@H]([C@H](O1)CO)O)OS(=O)(=O)O)O)[C@@H](/C=C/CCCCCCCCCCCCC)O", ["C24 Sulfatide is a sulfoglycosphingolipid.", "3-O-Sulfogalactosylceramide (d18:1/24:0) is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655)."]], ["Sgx-523", "CN1C=C(C=N1)C2=NN3C(=NN=C3SC4=CC5=C(C=C4)N=CC=C5)C=C2", ["SGX-523 is a member of the class of triazolopyridazines that is 6-(1-methylpyrazol-4-yl)[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-b]pyridazine-3-thiol in which the thiol hydrogen is replaced by a quinolin-6-yl group. It has a role as a c-Met tyrosine kinase inhibitor and a nephrotoxic agent. It is a member of quinolines, a triazolopyridazine, a member of pyrazoles, a biaryl and an aryl sulfide.", "A MET receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor.", "MET Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor SGX523 is an orally bioavailable small molecule, c-Met inhibitor with potential antineoplastic activity. MET receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor SGX523 specifically binds to c-Met protein, or hepatocyte growth factor receptor (HGFR), preventing binding of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and disrupting the MET signaling pathway; this agent may induce cell death in tumor cells expressing c-Met. c-Met, a receptor tyrosine kinase overexpressed or mutated in many tumor cell types, plays an important role in tumor cell proliferation, survival, invasion, and metastasis, and in tumor angiogenesis."]], ["Sotrastaurin acetate", "CC(=O)O.CN1CCN(CC1)C2=NC3=CC=CC=C3C(=N2)C4=C(C(=O)NC4=O)C5=CNC6=CC=CC=C65", ["Sotrastaurin Acetate is the acetate salt form of sotrastaurin, an orally available pan-protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor with potential immunosuppressive and antineoplastic activities. Sotrastaurin inhibits both T- and B-cell activations via PKC theta and beta isozymes, respectively. Both PKCs are important in the activation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kB). Inhibition of PKC beta in B-cells results in prevention of NF-kB-mediated signaling and down regulation of NF-kB target genes. This may eventually lead to an induction of G1 cell cycle arrest and tumor cell apoptosis in susceptible tumor cells. This agent may act synergistically with other chemotherapeutic agents. PKC, a family of serine/threonine protein kinases overexpressed in certain types of cancer cells, is involved in cell differentiation, mitogenesis, inflammation, and the activation and survival of lymphocytes."]], ["4,5,6,7-Tetrahydro-11-methoxy-2-((4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)methyl)-1H-cyclopenta(a)pyrrolo(3,4-C)carbazole-1,3(2H)-dione", "CN1CCN(CC1)CN2C(=O)C3=C(C2=O)C4=C(C5=C3CCC5)NC6=C4C(=CC=C6)OC", ["CEP-9722 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01345357 (Study of CEP-9722 in Combination With Gemcitabine and Cisplatin in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors or Mantle Cell Lymphoma).", "PARP Inhibitor CEP-9722 is a small-molecule prodrug of CEP-8983, a novel 4-methoxy-carbazole inhibitor of the nuclear enzymes poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) 1 and 2, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration and conversion from CEP-9722, CEP-8983 selectively binds to PARP 1 and 2, preventing repair of damaged DNA via base excision repair (BER). This agent enhances the accumulation of DNA strand breaks and promotes genomic instability and apoptosis. CEP-8983 may potentiate the cytotoxicity of DNA-damaging agents and reverse tumor cell chemo- and radioresistance. PARP catalyzes post-translational ADP-ribosylation of nuclear proteins that signal and recruit other proteins to repair damaged DNA and can be activated by single strand breaks in DNA."]], ["Losartan potassium and hydrochlorothiazide", "CCCCC1=NC(=C(N1CC2=CC=C(C=C2)C3=CC=CC=C3C4=NN=N[N-]4)CO)Cl.C1NC2=CC(=C(C=C2S(=O)(=O)N1)S(=O)(=O)N)Cl.[K+]", ["Losartan/Hydrochlorothiazide is a combination preparation of a synthetic angiotensin II antagonist and a diuretic thiazide, with antihypertensive activity. Losartan, and its metabolite, selectively and competitively block the binding of angiotensin II to the angiotensin II (AT1) receptor. As a result, angiotensin II-AT1 mediated physiological effects such as vasoconstriction and stimulation of aldosterone synthesis and secretion, which regulates extracellular sodium concentration, are blocked. Hydrochlorothiazide inhibits electrolytes reabsorption via binding to Na-Cl cotransporter on the renal distal tubular, thereby increasing excretion of sodium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate and water. Both agents lead to a reduction in blood pressure."]], ["Bms-754807", "C[C@]1(CCCN1C2=NN3C=CC=C3C(=N2)NC4=NNC(=C4)C5CC5)C(=O)NC6=CN=C(C=C6)F", ["BMS-754807 is a pyrrolotriazine that is pyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazine which is substituted at position 2 by the pyrrolidine nitrogen of (2S)-N-(6-fluoropyridin-3-yl)-2-methylprolinamide, and at position 4 by a (5-cyclopropyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)amino group. It is a potent, reversible inhibitor of the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor/insulin receptor family kinases. It has a role as an EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor and an antineoplastic agent. It is a pyrrolotriazine, a member of pyrazoles, a member of pyridines and a member of pyrrolidines.", "BMS-754807 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT00908024 (Combination Study of BMS-754807 and Erbitux\u00ae in Subjects With Advanced or Metastatic Solid Tumors).", "Dual IGF-1R/InsR Inhibitor BMS-754807 is an oral small molecule inhibitor of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) and insulin receptor (InsR) tyrosine kinases with potential antineoplastic activity. Dual IGF-IR/InsR inhibitor BMS-754807 binds reversibly to and inhibits the activities of IGF-1R and InsR, which may result in the inhibition of tumor cell proliferation and the induction of tumor cell apoptosis. IGF-1R and InsR tyrosine kinases, overexpressed in a variety of human cancers, play significant roles in mitogenesis, angiogenesis, and tumor cell survival."]], ["Ipatasertib", "C[C@@H]1C[C@H](C2=C1C(=NC=N2)N3CCN(CC3)C(=O)[C@H](CNC(C)C)C4=CC=C(C=C4)Cl)O", ["(2S)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-[4-[(5R,7R)-7-hydroxy-5-methyl-6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-1-piperazinyl]-3-(propan-2-ylamino)-1-propanone is a N-arylpiperazine.", "Ipatasertib has been used in trials studying the treatment of Cancer, Neoplasms, Solid Cancers, Breast Cancer, and Gastric Cancer, among others.", "Ipatasertib is an orally bioavailable inhibitor of the serine/threonine protein kinase Akt (protein kinase B) with potential antineoplastic activity. Ipatasertib binds to and inhibits the activity of Akt in a non-ATP-competitive manner, which may result in the inhibition of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and tumor cell proliferation and the induction of tumor cell apoptosis. Activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway is frequently associated with tumorigenesis and dysregulated PI3K/Akt signaling may contribute to tumor resistance to a variety of antineoplastic agents."]], ["N-(4-((2-amino-3-chloropyridin-4-yl)oxy)-3-fluorophenyl)-4-ethoxy-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydropyridine-3-carboxamide", "CCOC1=C(C(=O)N(C=C1)C2=CC=C(C=C2)F)C(=O)NC3=CC(=C(C=C3)OC4=C(C(=NC=C4)N)Cl)F", ["N-[4-[(2-amino-3-chloro-4-pyridinyl)oxy]-3-fluorophenyl]-4-ethoxy-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxamide is an aromatic amide.", "BMS-777607 has been investigated for the basic science of Malignant Solid Tumour.", "MET Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor BMS-777607 is an inhibitor of MET tyrosine kinase with potential antineoplastic activity. MET tyrosine kinase inhibitor BMS-777607 binds to c-Met protein, or hepatocyte growth factor receptor (HGFR), preventing binding of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and disrupting the MET signaling pathway; this agent may induce cell death in tumor cells expressing c-Met. c-Met, a receptor tyrosine kinase overexpressed or mutated in many tumor cell types, plays an important role in tumor cell proliferation, survival, invasion, and metastasis, and in tumor angiogenesis."]], ["Difelikefalin", "CC(C)C[C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N1CCC(CC1)(C(=O)O)N)NC(=O)[C@@H](CC2=CC=CC=C2)NC(=O)[C@@H](CC3=CC=CC=C3)N", ["Difelikefalin (CR845) is an agonist of kappa opioid receptors (KORs) useful in the treatment of pruritus secondary to chronic kidney disease. KORs were first associated with itching in 1984. Further investigations revealed that dynorphins, endogenous agonists of KORs, work to inhibit the itching sensation at the spinal cord level, and scratching could be elicited in mouse models with the administration of KOR antagonists. These revelations led to the study of KOR agonists as a potential treatment option in patients suffering from pruritic conditions.  Pruritus associated with chronic kidney disease (also called uremic pruritus) affects 50-60% of all patients on dialysis and 25% of non-dialysis patients with chronic kidney disease. The clinical burden of uremic pruritus in this patient population is being increasingly recognized as contributing to a significant reduction in patient quality of life, poor outcomes, and even mortality. Options for therapy are limited - with no FDA-approved treatments, off-label [gabapentin] was the most evidence-based and widely available treatment.  Difelikefalin received FDA approval in August 2021 (under the brand name Korsuva), becoming the first FDA-approved therapy for patients with chronic kidney disease suffering from uremic pruritus. Difelikefalin was later approved by the EMA in April 2022 for the same indication.", "Difelikefalin is a Kappa Opioid Receptor Agonist. The mechanism of action of difelikefalin is as an Opioid kappa Receptor Agonist."]], ["N-[(1-methylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl]-3-[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazin-6-amine", "CN1CCC(CC1)CNC2=NN3C(=NC=C3C4=CC(=CC=C4)OC(F)(F)F)C=C2", ["N-[(1-methyl-4-piperidinyl)methyl]-3-[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-6-imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazinamine is a member of imidazoles.", "SGI-1776 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Prostate Cancer, Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma, and Relapsed/Refractory Leukemias.", "PIM Kinase Inhibitor SGI-1776 is a small-molecule pan-PIM protein kinase inhibitor with potential antineoplastic activity. PIM kinase inhibitor SGI-1776 binds to and inhibits the activities of PIM-1, -2 and -3 serine/threonine kinases, which may result in the interruption of the G1/S phase cell cycle transition, the expression of pro-apoptotic Bcl2 proteins and tumor cell apoptosis. PIM kinases play key roles in cell cycle progression and apoptosis inhibition and may be overexpressed in various malignancies."]], ["Lomibuvir", "CC1CCC(CC1)C(=O)N(C2CCC(CC2)O)C3=C(SC(=C3)C#CC(C)(C)C)C(=O)O", ["5-(3,3-dimethylbut-1-ynyl)-3-[(4-hydroxycyclohexyl)-[(4-methylcyclohexyl)-oxomethyl]amino]-2-thiophenecarboxylic acid is a thiophenecarboxylic acid.", "Lomibuvir has been used in trials studying the treatment of Chronic Hepatitis C Virus and Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection."]], ["Delanzomib", "B([C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H]([C@@H](C)O)NC(=O)C1=CC=CC(=N1)C2=CC=CC=C2)(O)O", ["Delanzomib is a C-terminal boronic acid peptide inhibitor which induces apoptosis in multiple myeloma, hematological and solid tumor cell lines. It has a role as a proteasome inhibitor, an apoptosis inducer and an antineoplastic agent. It is a threonine derivative, a phenylpyridine, a C-terminal boronic acid peptide and a secondary alcohol. It is functionally related to a L-threonine.", "Delanzomib has been used in trials studying the treatment of Solid Tumors, Multiple Myeloma, and Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin.", "Delanzomib is an orally bioavailable synthetic P2 threonine boronic acid inhibitor of the chymotrypsin-like activity of the proteasome, with potential antineoplastic activity. Delanzomib represses the proteasomal degradation of a variety of proteins, including inhibitory kappaBalpha (IkappaBalpha), resulting in the cytoplasmic sequestration of the transcription factor NF-kappaB; inhibition of NF-kappaB nuclear translocation and transcriptional up-regulation of a variety of cell growth-promoting factors; and apoptotic cell death in susceptible tumor cell populations. In vitro studies indicate that this agent exhibits a favorable cytotoxicity profile toward normal human epithelial cells, bone marrow progenitors, and bone marrow-derived stromal cells relative to the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib. The intracellular protein IkappaBalpha functions as a primary inhibitor of the proinflammatory transcription factor NF-kappaB."]], ["1,2-Benzenedicarbonitrile, 4-((1,3-dihydro-1-hydroxy-2,1-benzoxaborol-5-yl)oxy)-", "B1(C2=C(CO1)C=C(C=C2)OC3=CC(=C(C=C3)C#N)C#N)O", ["AN2898 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01301508 (Efficacy and Safety of AN2898 and AN2728 Topical Ointments to Treat Mild-to-moderate Atopic Dermatitis)."]], ["Imeglimin", "C[C@@H]1N=C(NC(=N1)N(C)C)N", ["Imeglimin has been used in trials studying the treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus."]], ["Piromelatine", "COC1=CC2=C(C=C1)NC=C2CCNC(=O)C3=CC(=O)C=CO3", ["Piromelatine has been used in trials studying the treatment of Alzheimer's Disease."]], ["florbetapir (18F)", "CNC1=CC=C(C=C1)/C=C/C2=CN=C(C=C2)OCCOCCOCC[18F]", ["Florbetapir F-18 is an aromatic ether consisting of a pyridine ring substituted at position 2 by a 2-{2-[2-((18)F)fluoroethoxy]ethoxy}ethoxy group and at position 5 and a 2-(4-methylaminophenyl)vinyl group. A positron emission tomography imaging ligand for the detection of amyloid aggregation associated with Alzheimer disease. It has a role as a radioactive imaging agent. It is an organofluorine compound, a member of pyridines, an aromatic ether, a (18)F radiopharmaceutical and a substituted aniline.", "Florbetapir (18F) is a radiopharmaceutical compound containing the radionuclide fluorine-18 bound to the compound florbetapir, a molecule that binds with high affinity to beta amyloid plaque, a peptide that plays a key role in Alzheimer's Disease pathogenesis. Marketed as the product Amyvid, florbetapir 18F is indicated for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of the brain to estimate \u03b2-amyloid neuritic plaque density in adult patients with cognitive impairment who are being evaluated for Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and other causes of cognitive decline.    The radionucleide fluorine-18 was chosen as it has a half life of 110 minutes allowing it to accumulate sufficiently in the brain before undergoing positon emission decay.", "Florbetapir f-18 is a Radioactive Diagnostic Agent. The mechanism of action of florbetapir f-18 is as a Positron Emitting Activity."]], ["GS-9256", "CC(C)NC1=NC(=CS1)C2=NC3=C(C=CC(=C3Cl)OC)C(=C2)O[C@@H]4C[C@H]5C(=O)N[C@@]6(C[C@H]6CCCCCCC[C@@H](C(=O)N5C4)NC(=O)OC7CCCC7)P(=O)(CC8=C(C=CC=C8F)F)O", ["GS-9256 has been used in trials studying the treatment of HCV Infection and Chronic Hepatitis C Infection."]], ["2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid;[3-[(1R)-1-(dimethylamino)ethyl]phenyl] N-ethyl-N-methylcarbamate", "CCN(C)C(=O)OC1=CC=CC(=C1)[C@@H](C)N(C)C.C(C(C(=O)O)O)(C(=O)O)O", ["Rivastigmine Tartrate is the tartrate salt form of rivastigmine, a phenylcarbamate derivative exhibiting cognitive stimulating property. Although the mechanism of action has not been fully elucidated, rivastigmine tartrate may bind reversibly to cholinesterase, thereby decreasing the breakdown of acetylcholine and enhancing cholinergic function."]], ["Asiaticoside A", "C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(C[C@H]([C@@H]5[C@@]4(C[C@H]([C@@H]([C@@]5(C)CO)O)O)C)O)C)[C@@H]2[C@H]1C)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO[C@H]7[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O7)CO)O[C@H]8[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O8)C)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O", ["Madecassoside is a triterpenoid saponin that is a trisaccharide derivative of madecassic acid. Isolated from Centella asiatica, it exhibits anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antirheumatic activities. It has a role as an antioxidant, an anti-inflammatory agent, an antirheumatic drug, a vulnerary and a plant metabolite. It is a pentacyclic triterpenoid, a trisaccharide derivative, a carboxylic ester and a triterpenoid saponin. It is functionally related to a madecassic acid. It derives from a hydride of an ursane.", "Asiaticoside A is a natural product found in Centella erecta, Centella asiatica, and Actaea asiatica with data available."]], ["Ioflubenzamide (131I)", "CCN(CC)CCNC(=O)C1=CC(=C(C=C1OC)NC(=O)C2=CC=C(C=C2)F)[131I]", ["Ioflubenzamide I-131 is an iodine 131-radiolabeled small-molecule benzamide compound with potential antineoplastic activity. The benzamide moiety of 131-I-MIP-1145 binds to melanin, selectively delivering a cyotoxic dose of gamma and beta radiation to melanin-expressing tumor cells. Melanin pigments, polymer derivatives of the amino acid tyrosine, are over-expressed in approximately 40% of melanomas."]], ["2-[2R,3R-Dihydro-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl]-2R,3R-dihydro-3,5,7-trihydroxy-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one", "COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)[C@@H]2C(OC3=C(O2)C=C(C=C3)C4[C@H](C(=O)C5=C(C=C(C=C5O4)O)O)O)CO)O", ["2-[2R,3R-Dihydro-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl]-2R,3R-dihydro-3,5,7-trihydroxy-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one is a natural product found in Silybum marianum with data available.", "The major active component of silymarin flavonoids extracted from seeds of the MILK THISTLE, Silybum marianum; it is used in the treatment of HEPATITIS; LIVER CIRRHOSIS; and CHEMICAL AND DRUG INDUCED LIVER INJURY, and has antineoplastic activity; silybins A and B are diastereomers."]], ["10-Nitrooleic acid", "CCCCCCCC/C(=C\\CCCCCCCC(=O)O)/[N+](=O)[O-]", ["(9E)-10-nitrooctadecenoic acid is a nitro fatty acid that is (9E)-octadec-9-enoic (elaidic) acid substituted by a nitro group at position 10. It has a role as a human metabolite. It is a long-chain fatty acid, a nitro fatty acid and a monounsaturated fatty acid. It is functionally related to an elaidic acid.", "CXA-10 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03422510 (FIRSTx - A Study of Oral CXA-10 in Primary Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis (FSGS))."]], ["Gadodiamida", "CNC(=O)CN(CCN(CCN(CC(=O)NC)CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-].O.[Gd+3]", ["Gadodiamide hydrate is the hydrate of gadodiamide. It is a gadolinium coordination entity and a hydrate. It contains a gadodiamide.", "Gadodiamide is a paramagnetic gadolinium-based contrast agent (GBCA), with imaging activity upon magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). When placed in a magnetic field, gadodiamide generates a large local magnetic field, which can enhance the relaxation rate of nearby protons. This change in proton relaxation dynamics, iincreases the MRI signal intensity of tissues in which gadodiamide has accumulated; therefore, visualization of those tissues is enhanced."]], ["Multihance Multipack", "[H+].[H+].CNC[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](CO)O)O)O)O.CNC[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](CO)O)O)O)O.C1=CC=C(C=C1)COCC(C(=O)[O-])N(CCN(CCN(CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-].[Gd+3]", ["Gadobenate Dimeglumine is a gadolinium-based paramagnetic contrast agent. When placed in a magnetic field, gadobenate dimeglumine produces a large magnetic moment and so a large local magnetic field, which can enhance the relaxation rate of nearby protons; as a result, the signal intensity of tissue images observed with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be enhanced. Because this agent is preferentially taken up by normal functioning hepatocytes, normal hepatic tissue is enhanced with MRI while tumor tissue is unenhanced. In addition, because gadobenate dimeglumine is excreted in the bile, it may be used to visualize the biliary system using MRI."]], ["Anzemet", "CS(=O)(=O)O.C1[C@H]2CC(CC3N2CC(=O)C1C3)OC(=O)C4=CNC5=CC=CC=C54", ["Dolasetron Mesylate is an indole derivative with antiemetic activity.  As a selective serotonin receptor antagonist, dolasetron mesylate competitively blocks the action of serotonin at 5HT3 receptors, resulting in suppression of chemotherapy- and radiotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. (NCI04)"]], ["Lente", "CC[C@H](C)[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@H]2CSSC[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CSSC[C@@H](C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CSSC[C@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC2=O)CO)CC(C)C)CC3=CC=C(C=C3)O)CCC(=O)N)CC(C)C)CCC(=O)O)CC(=O)N)CC4=CC=C(C=C4)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)N)C(=O)O)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(=N)N)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CC5=CC=CC=C5)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC6=CC=CC=C6)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC7=CC=C(C=C7)O)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N8CCC[C@H]8C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)O)C(=O)O)C(C)C)CC(C)C)CC9=CC=C(C=C9)O)CC(C)C)C)CCC(=O)O)C(C)C)CC(C)C)CC2C=NC=N2)CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC2C=NC=N2)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)N)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)N)NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC2=CC=CC=C2)N)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N1)CO)[C@@H](C)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)N)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H]([C@@H](C)CC)NC(=O)CN.[Zn]", ["Insulin, Lente is a long-acting crystalline insulin often used in combination with a short-acting insulin in the treatment of diabetes mellitus.  This type of insulin may be derived from porcine or recombinant sources.  Administered once daily, insulin Lente starts to lower blood glucose within 1 to 3 hours after injection and exerts its peak effect 7 to 15 hours after injection.  Endogenous human insulin, a pancreatic hormone composed of two polypeptide chains, is important for the normal metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins and fats; it has anabolic effects on many types of tissues. (NCI04)", "Insulin, Ultralente is a long-acting form of crystalline insulin often used in combination with a short-acting insulin in the treatment of diabetes mellitus.  Administered once daily, this type of insulin may be derived from porcine, bovine, or recombinant sources.  Endogenous human insulin, a pancreatic hormone composed of two polypeptide chains, is important for the normal metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins and fats; it has anabolic effects on many types of tissues. (NCI04)", "An insulin, zinc chloride preparation in the form of a suspension of crystals and amorphous material in a ratio of approximately 7:3. Typically, lente insulin has a duration of activity that lasts between 13-20 hours after dosage."]], ["Torbutrol", "C1CC[C@]2([C@H]3CC4=C([C@]2(C1)CCN3CC5CCC5)C=C(C=C4)O)O.C(C(C(=O)O)O)(C(=O)O)O", ["A synthetic morphinan analgesic with narcotic antagonist action. It is used in the management of severe pain."]], ["Combivent Respimat", "CC(C)[N+]1(C2CCC1CC(C2)OC(=O)C(CO)C3=CC=CC=C3)C.CC(C)(C)NCC(C1=CC(=C(C=C1)O)CO)O.CC(C)(C)NCC(C1=CC(=C(C=C1)O)CO)O.OS(=O)(=O)O.[Br-]", ["A combined pharmaceutical preparation of Ipratropium Bromide and Albuterol Sulfate that is used to treat the symptoms of ASTHMA and CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE."]], ["Omniscan", "CNC(=O)CN(CCN(CCN(CC(=O)NC)CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-].[Gd+3]", ["Gadodiamide is a non-ionic gadolinium chelate having a macrocyclic triamine framework. It is used as a paramagnetic contrast agent in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). It has a role as a MRI contrast agent.", "Gadodiamide is a paramagnetic gadolinium-based contrast agent (GBCA) that is used in MR imaging procedures to assist in the visualization of blood vessels. It is intravenously injected and is commonly marketed under the trade name Omniscan.", "Gadodiamide is a paramagnetic gadolinium-based contrast agent (GBCA), with imaging activity upon magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). When placed in a magnetic field, gadodiamide generates a large local magnetic field, which can enhance the relaxation rate of nearby protons. This change in proton relaxation dynamics, iincreases the MRI signal intensity of tissues in which gadodiamide has accumulated; therefore, visualization of those tissues is enhanced."]], ["Janumet XR", "CN(C)C(=N)N=C(N)N.C1CN2C(=NN=C2C(F)(F)F)CN1C(=O)C[C@@H](CC3=CC(=C(C=C3F)F)F)N.OP(=O)(O)O.Cl", ["A pharmaceutical preparation of sitagliptin phosphate and metformin hydrochloride that is used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES."]], ["Intrinsic factor", "CC1=CC2=C(C=C1C)N(C=N2)[C@@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O3)CO)OP(=O)(O)O[C@@H](C)CNC(=O)CC[C@@]4([C@H](C5[C@]6([C@@]([C@@H](C(=N6)/C(=C\\7/[C@@]([C@@H](/C(=C/C8=N/C(=C(\\C4=N5)/C)/[C@H](C8(C)C)CCC(=O)N)/N7)CCC(=O)N)(C)CC(=O)N)/C)CCC(=O)N)(C)CC(=O)N)C)CC(=O)N)C)O.CC1=CC2=C(C=C1C)N(C=N2)[C@@H]3C(C([C@H](O3)CO)OP(=O)([O-])OC(C)CNC(=O)CCC\\4(C(C5=N/C4=C(\\C6=N/C(=C\\C7=N/C(=C(\\C8=NC5(C(C8CCC(=O)N)(C)CC(=O)N)C)/C)/C(C7CCC(=O)N)(C)CC(=O)N)/C(C6CCC(=O)N)(C)C)/C)CC(=O)N)C)O.[C-]#N.[C-]#N.Cl[Co]Cl.[Co+2].[60Co+3]", ["A glycoprotein secreted by the cells of the GASTRIC GLANDS that is required for the absorption of VITAMIN B 12 (cyanocobalamin). Deficiency of intrinsic factor leads to VITAMIN B 12 DEFICIENCY and ANEMIA, PERNICIOUS."]], ["Adavosertib", "CC(C)(C1=NC(=CC=C1)N2C3=NC(=NC=C3C(=O)N2CC=C)NC4=CC=C(C=C4)N5CCN(CC5)C)O", ["1-[6-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-2-pyridinyl]-6-[4-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)anilino]-2-prop-2-enyl-3-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidinone is a member of piperazines.", "MK-1775 has been used in trials studying the treatment of LYMPHOMA, Neoplasms, Ovarian Cancer, Tongue Carcinoma, and Adult Glioblastoma, among others.", "Adavosertib is a small molecule inhibitor of the tyrosine kinase WEE1 with potential antineoplastic sensitizing activity. Adavosertib selectively targets and inhibits WEE1, a tyrosine kinase that phosphorylates cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1, CDC2) to inactivate the CDC2/cyclin B complex. Inhibition of WEE1 activity prevents the phosphorylation of CDC2 and impairs the G2 DNA damage checkpoint. This may lead to apoptosis upon treatment with DNA damaging chemotherapeutic agents. Unlike normal cells, most p53 deficient or mutated human cancers lack the G1 checkpoint as p53 is the key regulator of the G1 checkpoint and these cells rely on the G2 checkpoint for DNA repair to damaged cells. Annulment of the G2 checkpoint may therefore make p53 deficient tumor cells more vulnerable to antineoplastic agents and enhance their cytotoxic effect."]], ["Fasiglifam", "CC1=CC(=CC(=C1C2=CC=CC(=C2)COC3=CC4=C(C=C3)[C@@H](CO4)CC(=O)O)C)OCCCS(=O)(=O)C", ["Fasiglifam is a member of biphenyls.", "Fasiglifam has been used in trials studying the treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, and Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2."]], ["Tulrampator", "C1CC1N2COC3=C(C2=O)C=C4C(=C3)C(=O)N(N=N4)CCC5=CC(=CC=C5)F", ["Tulrampator is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02626572 (Efficacy and Safety of 3 Doses of S47445 Versus Placebo in Patients With Alzheimer's Disease at Mild to Moderate Stages With Depressive Symptoms)."]], ["Methyl 4-((3-(6,7-dimethoxy-2-(methylamino)quinazolin-4-yl)phenyl)carbamoyl)benzoate", "CNC1=NC2=CC(=C(C=C2C(=N1)C3=CC(=CC=C3)NC(=O)C4=CC=C(C=C4)C(=O)OC)OC)OC", ["E6005 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Atopic Dermatitis."]], ["7-Methoxy-4-((6-phenyl-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-b]pyridazin-3-yl)methoxy)quinoline", "COC1=CC2=NC=CC(=C2C=C1)OCC3=NN=C4N3N=C(C=C4)C5=CC=CC=C5", ["AMG-208 is a member of the class of quinolines that is 7-methoxyquinoline substituted at position 4 by a (6-phenyl[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-b]pyridazin-3-yl)methoxy group. AMG exhibits antitumour activity, particularly in prostate cancer. It has a role as a c-Met tyrosine kinase inhibitor and an antineoplastic agent. It is a member of quinolines, an aromatic ether and a triazolopyridazine.", "AMG-208 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Cancer, Tumors, Oncology, Prostate Cancer, and Oncology Patients, among others.", "c-Met Inhibitor AMG 208 is a selective small-molecule inhibitor of the proto-oncogene c-Met with potential antineoplastic activity. c-Met inhibitor AMG 208 inhibits the ligand-dependent and ligand-independent activation of c-Met, inhibiting its tyrosine kinase activity, which may result in cell growth inhibition in tumors that overexpress c-Met. C-Met encodes the hepatocyte growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase, plays an important role in epithelial cell proliferation and has been shown to be overexpressed in a variety of cancers."]], ["(1S,2S,4R,8S,9S,11S,13R)-11-hydroxy-8-(2-hydroxyacetyl)-9,13-dimethyl-6-propyl-5,7-dioxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosa-14,17-dien-16-one", "CCCC1O[C@@H]2C[C@H]3[C@@H]4CCC5=CC(=O)C=C[C@@]5(C4[C@H](C[C@@]3([C@@]2(O1)C(=O)CO)C)O)C", ["A glucocorticoid used in the management of ASTHMA, the treatment of various skin disorders, and allergic RHINITIS."]], ["(8S,9R,10S,11S,13S,16S,17R)-9-chloro-11,17-dihydroxy-17-(2-hydroxyacetyl)-10,13,16-trimethyl-6,7,8,11,12,14,15,16-octahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one", "C[C@H]1CC2[C@@H]3CCC4=CC(=O)C=C[C@@]4([C@]3([C@H](C[C@@]2([C@]1(C(=O)CO)O)C)O)Cl)C", ["Beclomethasone is a synthetic glucocorticoid with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating properties.  After cell surface receptor attachment and cell entry, beclomethasone enters the nucleus where it binds to and activates specific nuclear receptors, resulting in an altered gene expression and inhibition of proinflammatory cytokine production.", "An anti-inflammatory, synthetic glucocorticoid. It is used topically as an anti-inflammatory agent and in aerosol form for the treatment of ASTHMA."]], ["(R)-[(2R,4R,5S)-5-ethenyl-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-2-yl]-(6-methoxyquinolin-4-yl)methanol;sulfuric acid", "COC1=CC2=C(C=CN=C2C=C1)[C@H]([C@H]3C[C@H]4CCN3C[C@H]4C=C)O.COC1=CC2=C(C=CN=C2C=C1)[C@H]([C@H]3C[C@H]4CCN3C[C@H]4C=C)O.OS(=O)(=O)O", ["Quinidine Sulfate is the sulfate salt form of quinidine, an alkaloid with antimalarial and antiarrhythmic (Class la) properties. Quinidine sulfate exerts its anti-malarial activity by acting primarily as an intra-erythrocytic schizonticide through association with the hemepolymer (hemozoin) in the acidic food vacuole of the parasite thereby preventing further polymerization by heme polymerase enzyme. This results in accumulation of toxic heme and death of the parasite. Quinidine sulfate exerts its antiarrhythmic effects by depressing the flow of sodium ions into cells during phase 0 of the cardiac action potential, thereby slowing the impulse conduction through the atrioventricular (AV) node, reducing the rate of phase 0 depolarization and prolonging the refractory period. Quinidine sulfate also reduces the slope of phase 4 depolarization in Purkinje-fibres resulting in slowed conduction and reduced automaticity in the heart.", "An optical isomer of quinine, extracted from the bark of the CHINCHONA tree and similar plant species. This alkaloid dampens the excitability of cardiac and skeletal muscles by blocking sodium and potassium currents across cellular membranes. It prolongs cellular ACTION POTENTIALS, and decreases automaticity. Quinidine also blocks muscarinic and alpha-adrenergic neurotransmission."]], ["(7R)-7-[[(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-methoxyiminoacetyl]amino]-3-[(2-methyl-6-oxido-5-oxo-1,2,4-triazin-3-yl)sulfanylmethyl]-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate", "CN1C(=NC(=O)C(=N1)[O-])SCC2=C(N3C([C@@H](C3=O)NC(=O)/C(=N\\OC)/C4=CSC(=N4)N)SC2)C(=O)[O-]", ["Ceftriaxone Sodium is the sodium salt form of ceftriaxone, a beta-lactam, third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with bactericidal activity. Ceftriaxone binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBP) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall. PBPs participate in the terminal stages of assembling the bacterial cell wall, and in reshaping the cell wall during cell division. Inactivation of PBPs interferes with the cross-linkage of peptidoglycan chains necessary for bacterial cell wall strength and rigidity. This results in the weakening of the bacterial cell wall and causes cell lysis. Compared to the second and first generation cephalosporins, ceftriaxone is more active against gram-negative bacteria and less active against gram-positive bacteria. Ceftriaxone also crosses the blood-brain barrier and reaches therapeutic concentrations in the central nervous system (CNS).", "A broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic and cefotaxime derivative with a very long half-life and high penetrability to meninges, eyes and inner ears."]], ["prostaglandin I2", "CCCCC[C@@H](/C=C/[C@H]1[C@@H](C[C@H]2[C@@H]1C/C(=C/CCCC(=O)[O-])/O2)O)O", ["Prostaglandin I2(1-) is conjugate base of prostaglandin I2. It has a role as a human metabolite. It is a conjugate base of a prostaglandin I2.", "A prostaglandin that is a powerful vasodilator and inhibits platelet aggregation. It is biosynthesized enzymatically from PROSTAGLANDIN ENDOPEROXIDES in human vascular tissue. The sodium salt has been also used to treat primary pulmonary hypertension (HYPERTENSION, PULMONARY)."]], ["Fosdagrocorat", "CC1=C(C=CC=N1)NC(=O)C2=CC3=C(C=C2)[C@@]4(CC[C@@](C[C@H]4CC3)(C(F)(F)F)OP(=O)(O)O)CC5=CC=CC=C5", ["Fosdagrocorat has been used in trials studying the treatment and basic science of Rheumatoid Arthritis."]], ["Antroquinonol", "C[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@H](C(=C(C1=O)OC)OC)O)C/C=C(\\C)/CC/C=C(\\C)/CCC=C(C)C", ["Antroquinonol is an enone that is cyclohex-2-en-1-one substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4, methoxy groups at positions 2 and 3, a methyl group at position 6 and a (2E,6E)-3,7,11-trimethyldodeca-2,6,10-trien-1-yl group at position 5 (the 4R,5R,6R stereoisomer). It is isolated from the solid-state fermented mycelium of the fungus Antrodia camphorata and has been found to exhibit potent cytotoxicity against a number of human cancer cell lines. However, a synthesis-enabled biological re-examination published in 2016, revealed minimal in vitro and in vivo antitumour activity in preclinical models. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent and a fungal metabolite. It is an enone, a secondary alcohol and an enol ether.", "Antroquinonol has been used in trials studying the treatment of Hyperlipidemias, Non-small Cell Lung Cancer, and Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Stage IV.", "Antroquinonol is a natural product found in Taiwanofungus camphoratus and Antrodia cinnamomea with data available.", "Antroquinonol Capsule is an orally available capsule containing antroquinonol, a farnesylated quinone derivative isolated from the mycelium of Antrodia camphorata, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, antroquinonol binds to and inhibits protein prenylation mediated by the enzymes farnesyltransferase (FTase) and geranylgeranyltransferase 1 (GGTase-1). This prevents both post-translational prenylation and signaling activity of a number of Ras superfamily proteins, such as Ras and Rho. This results in the inhibition of downstream signaling, such as the PI3K/mTOR signaling pathway, and induces apoptosis in susceptible tumor cells. Ras superfamily proteins are overexpressed in numerous cancer cell types, and play a key role in tumor cell proliferation and survival."]], ["Remetinostat", "COC(=O)C1=CC=C(C=C1)OC(=O)CCCCCCC(=O)NO", ["Remetinostat is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02213861 (Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability Study of SHAPE in IA, IB or IIA Cutaneous T-cell Lymphoma).", "Remetinostat is a topical formulation containing the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon cutaneous administration, SHP-141 selectively binds to and inhibits HDAC, resulting in an accumulation of highly acetylated histones in the skin (dermis and epidermis), the induction of chromatin remodeling, and the selective transcription of tumor suppressor genes. These events may result in the inhibition of tumor cell division and the induction of tumor cell apoptosis. HDACs, upregulated in many tumor cell types, are a family of metalloenzymes responsible for the deacetylation of chromatin histone proteins. Topical administration of SHP-141 allows for high concentrations of this agent locally while minimizing systemic toxicity."]], ["Desferal", "[H+].CC(=O)N(CCCCCNC(=O)CCC(=O)N(CCCCCNC(=O)CCC(=O)N(CCCCCN)O)O)O.CS(=O)(=O)[O-]", ["Desferrioxamine B mesylate is a methanesulfonate salt obtained by reaction of desferrioxamine B with one molar equivalent of methanesulfonic acid. It is an iron-chelating medicine used to remove excess iron from the body. It binds to iron in the blood, which is then passed out in the urine. It has a role as an iron chelator, an antidote and a ferroptosis inhibitor. It contains a desferrioxamine B.", "Natural product isolated from Streptomyces pilosus. It forms iron complexes and is used as a chelating agent, particularly in the mesylate form."]], ["Atarax", "[H+].[H+].C1CN(CCN1CCOCCO)C(C2=CC=CC=C2)C3=CC=C(C=C3)Cl.[Cl-].[Cl-]", ["Hydroxyzine hydrochloride is a hydrochloride. It contains a hydroxyzine.", "Hydroxyzine Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of hydroxyzine, a piperazine histamine H1-receptor antagonist with anti-allergic, antispasmodic, sedative, anti-emetic and anti-anxiety properties. Hydroxyzine hydrochloride blocks the H1 histamine receptor and prevents the symptoms that are caused by histamine activity on capillaries, bronchial smooth muscle, and gastrointestinal smooth muscle, including vasodilatation, increased capillary permeability, bronchoconstriction, and spasmodic contraction of gastrointestinal smooth muscle. In addition, hydroxyzine hydrochloride crosses the blood-brain barrier and acts on the histamine H1-receptors in the central nervous system. (NCI05)", "A histamine H1 receptor antagonist that is effective in the treatment of chronic urticaria, dermatitis, and histamine-mediated pruritus. Unlike its major metabolite CETIRIZINE, it does cause drowsiness. It is also effective as an antiemetic, for relief of anxiety and tension, and as a sedative."]], ["Adipex-P", "CC(C)(CC1=CC=CC=C1)[NH3+].[Cl-]", ["Phentermine hydrochloride is an organic chloride salt. It contains a phentermine.", "A central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic with actions and uses similar to those of DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. It has been used most frequently in the treatment of obesity."]], ["Chromium(III) trispicolinate", "C1=CC=NC(=C1)C(=O)O.C1=CC=NC(=C1)C(=O)O.C1=CC=NC(=C1)C(=O)O.[Cr]", ["Tris(picolinato)chromium is a chromium coordination entity. It has a role as a geroprotector, a nutraceutical, a hypoglycemic agent and an anti-obesity agent.", "Chromium Picolinate is chromium Piccolinate is a salt of the trace metallic element chromium (Cr), essential in glucose metabolism. Found in vitamins and mineral supplements, Chromium may be necessary for utilization of dietary sugars and carbohydrates by optimizing the effects of insulin. Animal studies suggest that chromium picolinate may be carcinogenic, it enters cells directly and can causes mutations. (NCI04)"]], ["Tris(nicotinato)chromium", "C1=CC(=CN=C1)C(=O)O.C1=CC(=CN=C1)C(=O)O.C1=CC(=CN=C1)C(=O)O.[Cr]", ["Tris(nicotinato)chromium is a chromium coordination entity."]], ["2-Aminoethanethiol dihydrogen 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioate", "[H+].[H+].C(CS)N.C(C(C(=O)[O-])O)(C(=O)[O-])O", ["Cysteamine bitartrate is a thiol and a tartrate salt. It contains a tartrate(2-).", "Cysteamine Bitartrate is an aminothiol salt used in the treatment of nephropathic cystinosis. Cysteamine bitartrate enters the cell and reacts with cystine producing cysteine and cysteine-cysteamine mixed disulfide compound, both of which, unlike cystine, can pass through the lysosomal membrane. This prevents the accumulation of cystine crystals in the lysosomes of patients with cystinosis, which can cause considerable damage and eventual destruction of the cells, particularly in the kidneys. (NCI05)", "A mercaptoethylamine compound that is endogenously derived from the COENZYME A degradative pathway. The fact that cysteamine is readily transported into LYSOSOMES where it reacts with CYSTINE to form cysteine-cysteamine disulfide and CYSTEINE has led to its use in CYSTINE DEPLETING AGENTS for the treatment of CYSTINOSIS."]], ["Zinecard", "[H+].C[C@@H](CN1CC(=O)NC(=O)C1)N2CC(=O)NC(=O)C2.[Cl-]", ["Dexrazoxane hydrochloride is a hydrochloride. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent, a cardiovascular drug, a chelator and an immunosuppressive agent. It contains a (+)-dexrazoxane.", "The (+)-enantiomorph of razoxane."]], ["Nivaquine", "[H+].[H+].CCN(CC)CCCC(C)NC1=C2C=CC(=CC2=NC=C1)Cl.[O-]S(=O)(=O)[O-]", ["Chloroquine sulfate is an alkaloid sulfate salt. It contains a chloroquine.", "The prototypical antimalarial agent with a mechanism that is not well understood. It has also been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and in the systemic therapy of amebic liver abscesses."]], ["Quizartinib", "CC(C)(C)C1=CC(=NO1)NC(=O)NC2=CC=C(C=C2)C3=CN4C5=C(C=C(C=C5)OCCN6CCOCC6)SC4=N3", ["Quizartinib is a member of the class of phenylureas that is urea in which one of the amino groups has been substituted by a 5-tert-butyl-1,2-oxazol-3-yl group while the other has been substituted by a phenyl group substituted at the para- position by an imidazo[2,1-b][1,3]benzothiazol-2-yl group that, in turn, is substituted at position 7 by a 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethoxy group. It has a role as an EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor and an antineoplastic agent. It is a benzoimidazothiazole, a member of morpholines, a member of isoxazoles and a member of phenylureas.", "Quizartinib is under investigation in Childhood Acute Myeloid Leukemia/Other Myeloid Malignancies. It is a potent inhibitor of FLT3.", "Quizartinib is an orally available small molecule with potential antineoplastic activity. Quizartinib selectively inhibits class III receptor tyrosine kinases, including FMS-related tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3/STK1), colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R/FMS), stem cell factor receptor (SCFR/KIT), and platelet derived growth factor receptors (PDGFRs), resulting in inhibition of ligand-independent leukemic cell proliferation and apoptosis. Mutations in FLT3, resulting in constitutive activation, are the most frequent genetic alterations in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and occur in approximately one-third of AML cases."]], ["Dibencozide", "CC1=CC2=C(C=C1C)N(C=N2)[C@@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O3)CO)OP(=O)([O-])O[C@H](C)CNC(=O)CC[C@@]\\4([C@H](C5[C@]6([C@@]([C@@H](C(=N6)/C(=C\\7/[C@@]([C@@H](C(=N7)/C=C\\8/C([C@@H](C(=N8)/C(=C4\\[N-]5)/C)CCC(=O)N)(C)C)CCC(=O)N)(C)CC(=O)N)/C)CCC(=O)N)(C)CC(=O)N)C)CC(=O)N)C)O.[CH2-][C@@H]1[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O1)N2C=NC3=C(N=CN=C32)N)O)O.[Co+3]", ["Adenosylcobalamin is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655)."]], ["Vitamin B12a", "CC1=CC2=C(C=C1C)N(C=N2)[C@@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O3)CO)OP(=O)([O-])O[C@H](C)CNC(=O)CC[C@@]\\4([C@H](C5[C@]6([C@@]([C@@H](C(=N6)/C(=C\\7/[C@@]([C@@H](C(=N7)/C=C\\8/C([C@@H](C(=N8)/C(=C4\\[N-]5)/C)CCC(=O)N)(C)C)CCC(=O)N)(C)CC(=O)N)/C)CCC(=O)N)(C)CC(=O)N)C)CC(=O)N)C)O.O.[Co+2]", ["Hydroxocobalamin is a synthetic form of vitamin B12 that can be used as a dietary supplement to treat vitamin B12 deficiency. Upon administration, hydroxocobalamin mimics vitamin B12 and acts as an essential cofactor in various cellular reactions required for cell growth and replication, and hematopoiesis.", "Injectable form of VITAMIN B 12 that has been used therapeutically to treat VITAMIN B 12 DEFICIENCY."]], ["CID 24896135", "C[C@@]12CC[C@]3(CCC(C[C@@H]3[C@H]1C(=O)C=C4[C@]2(CCC5[C@@]4(C=C(C(=O)C5(C)C)C#N)C)C)(C)C)C(=O)OC", ["Bardoxolone Methyl is the methyl ester form of bardoxolone, a synthetic triterpenoid compound with potential antineoplastic and anti-inflammatory activities. Bardoxolone blocks the synthesis of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and inducible cyclooxygenase (COX-2), two enzymes involved in inflammation and carcinogenesis. This agent also inhibits the interleukin-1 (IL-1)-induced expression of the pro-inflammatory proteins matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) and matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) and the expression of Bcl-3; Bcl-3 is an IL-1-responsive gene that preferentially contributes to MMP-1 gene expression."]], ["(S)-1-(4-(1H-Pyrazol-4-yl)phenyl)-2-amino-1-(4-chlorophenyl)ethanol", "C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=CNN=C2)[C@@](CN)(C3=CC=C(C=C3)Cl)O", ["Multi-AGC Kinase Inhibitor AT13148 is an orally available, small molecule inhibitor of AGC group kinases, with potential antineoplastic activity. AT13148 inhibits, in an ATP-competitive manner, the enzymatic activity of two AGC kinases, protein kinase B (PKB or AKT) and p70S6K which play key roles in the PI3K/PKB/mTOR signaling pathway. Blockade of this pathway leads to an inhibition of cell growth and the induction of apoptosis in susceptible tumor cells. PI3K/PKB/mTOR pathway is dysregulated in greater than 50% of tumors, and is often correlated with resistance and increased tumor survival. AGC group kinases are serine/threonine kinases that are regulated by secondary messengers such as cyclic AMP and lipids."]], ["Dapagliflozin propylene glycolate hydrate", "CCOC1=CC=C(C=C1)CC2=C(C=CC(=C2)[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O3)CO)O)O)O)Cl.CC(CO)O.O", ["Dapagliflozin Propanediol is the propanediol form of dapagliflozin, a selective sodium-glucose co-transporter subtype 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor with antihyperglycemic activity. Upon administration, dapagliflozin selectively targets and inhibits SGLT2, thereby preventing the reabsorption of glucose by the kidneys."]], ["CID 24941759", "C1CCC2C(C1)NCCNC3CCCCC3NCC4=CC=CC(=N4)CN2.Cl[Mn]Cl", ["M40403 is a low molecular weight, synthetic manganese containing superoxide dismutase mimetic (SODm) that selectively removes superoxide anion."]], ["Bitopertin", "C[C@@H](C(F)(F)F)OC1=C(C=C(C=C1)S(=O)(=O)C)C(=O)N2CCN(CC2)C3=C(C=C(C=N3)C(F)(F)F)F", ["Bitopertin has been used in trials studying the treatment of Schizophrenia and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder."]], ["1H-Indole-2-carboxylic acid, 1-((3,5-bis(2-methoxyethoxy)phenyl)methyl)-3-(4-(1,1-dimethylethyl)phenyl)-", "CC(C)(C)C1=CC=C(C=C1)C2=C(N(C3=CC=CC=C32)CC4=CC(=CC(=C4)OCCOC)OCCOC)C(=O)O", ["GSK376501 has been used in trials studying the treatment and diagnostic of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus."]], ["2-(2-Chloro-5-(((2S)-3-(5-chloro-2,3-dihydrospiro(benzofuran-2,4'-piperidin)-1'-yl)-2-hydroxypropyl)oxy)-4-((methylamino)carbonyl)phenoxy)-2-methylpropanoic acid", "CC(C)(C(=O)O)OC1=C(C=C(C(=C1)OC[C@H](CN2CCC3(CC2)CC4=C(O3)C=CC(=C4)Cl)O)C(=O)NC)Cl", ["AZD4818 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)."]], ["Tyrosine kinase inhibitor", "C1CC1(C(=O)NC2=CC=C(C=C2)OC3=C4C=C(NC4=NC=C3)C(=O)NCCN5CCOCC5)C(=O)NC6=CC=C(C=C6)F", ["Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor is any substance that inhibits tyrosine kinase, an enzyme involved in the transduction and processing of many extracellular and intracellular signals including cell proliferation. Inhibition of tyrosine kinase may result in inhibition of cell growth and cell proliferation."]], ["2-(4-(piperidin-3-yl)phenyl)-2H-indazole-7-carboxamide", "C1CC(CNC1)C2=CC=C(C=C2)N3C=C4C=CC=C(C4=N3)C(=O)N", ["2-[4-(piperidin-3-yl)phenyl]-2H-indazole-7-carboxamide is a member of the class of indazoles that is 2H-indazole substituted by 4-(piperidin-3-yl)phenyl and aminocarbonyl groups at positions 2 and 7, respectively. It is a potent PARP1 inhibitor with IC50 of 3.2 nM. It has a role as an EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor and an antineoplastic agent. It is a member of indazoles, a member of piperidines, a member of benzenes and a primary carboxamide."]], ["(R)-3-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-6-fluoro-5-(2-fluoro-4-iodophenylamino)-8-methylpyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4,7(3H,8H)-dione", "CN1C2=C(C(=C(C1=O)F)NC3=C(C=C(C=C3)I)F)C(=O)N(C=N2)C[C@H](CO)O", ["TAK-733 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Advanced Metastatic Melanoma, Advanced Nonhematologic Malignancies, and Advanced Non-hematologic Malignancies.", "MEK Inhibitor TAK-733 is an orally bioavailable small-molecule inhibitor of MEK1 and MEK2 (MEK1/2) with potential antineoplastic activity. MEK inhibitor TAK-733 selectively binds to and inhibits the activity of MEK1/2, preventing the activation of MEK1/2-dependent effector proteins and transcription factors, which may result in the inhibition of growth factor-mediated cell signaling and tumor cell proliferation. MEK1/2 (MAP2K1/K2) are dual-specificity threonine/tyrosine kinases that play key roles in the activation of the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK pathway and are often upregulated in a variety of tumor cell types."]], ["Carbamic acid, N-((2S)-7-cyano-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-4-(2-pyridinylmethyl)cyclopent(b)indol-2-yl)-, 1-methylethyl ester", "CC(C)OC(=O)N[C@H]1CC2=C(C1)N(C3=C2C=C(C=C3)C#N)CC4=CC=CC=N4", ["Ly2452473 is under investigation for the supportive care of Prostate Cancer. Ly2452473 has been investigated for the treatment of Erectile Dysfunction.", "Selective Androgen Receptor Modulator LY2452473 is an orally bioavailable selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM), with potential tissue-selective androgenic/anti-androgenic activity. Upon oral administration, LY2452473 acts as an agonist in select tissues and organs, including skeletal muscle, bone and the penis, thereby binding to and activating androgen receptor (AR) while acting as an antagonist in the prostate, thereby blocking AR activation and AR-mediated cellular proliferation. This may improve muscle mass and strength, bone formation, and erectile dysfunction while not stimulating growth of the prostate."]], ["MK-2206", "C1CC(C1)(C2=CC=C(C=C2)C3=C(C=C4C(=N3)C=CN5C4=NNC5=O)C6=CC=CC=C6)N", ["MK-2206 is an organic heterotricyclic compound that is [1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-f][1,6]naphthyridin-3(2H)-one substituted at positions 8 and 9 respectively by 4-(1-aminocyclobutyl)phenyl and phenyl groups. It has a role as an EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor. It is functionally related to a 1,6-naphthyridine.", "Akt Inhibitor MK2206 is an orally bioavailable allosteric inhibitor of the serine/threonine protein kinase Akt (protein kinase B) with potential antineoplastic activity. Akt inhibitor MK2206 binds to and inhibits the activity of Akt in a non-ATP competitive manner, which may result in the inhibition of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and tumor cell proliferation and the induction of tumor cell apoptosis. Activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway is frequently associated with tumorigenesis and dysregulated PI3K/Akt signaling may contribute to tumor resistance to a variety of antineoplastic agents."]], ["Avadomide", "CC1=NC2=CC=CC(=C2C(=O)N1C3CCC(=O)NC3=O)N", ["Avadomide is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02031419 (Novel Combinations of CC-122, CC-223, CC-292, and Rituximab in Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma and Follicular Lymphoma).", "Avadomide is a novel, small molecule cereblon-modulating agent with potential antineoplastic, antiangiogenic and immunomodulatory activities. Upon oral administration, avadomide binds to and modulates cereblon to promote recruitment of the hematopoietic transcription factors Aiolos and Ikaros to the Cullin-4 RING E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. This binding results in the ubiquitination and rapid proteasomal degradation of Aiolos and Ikaros and the derepression of interferon (IFN)-stimulated genes, including DDX58 and IRF7, leading to apoptosis of certain tumor cells. Additionally, Aiolos degredation leads to derepression of the IL2 gene, thereby enhancing interleukin-2 production, costimulation of T-lymphocytes and IL-2-induced T-cell proliferation. Avadomide may also promote the activation of natural killer (NK) cells, potentially enhancing tumor cell killing. Aiolos and Ikaros are transcriptional repressors known to play an important role in normal B- and T-cell function."]], ["Navitoclax", "CC1(CCC(=C(C1)CN2CCN(CC2)C3=CC=C(C=C3)C(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C4=CC(=C(C=C4)N[C@H](CCN5CCOCC5)CSC6=CC=CC=C6)S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F)C7=CC=C(C=C7)Cl)C", ["Navitoclax is a N-sulfonylcarboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-{4-[(4'-chloro-4,4-dimethyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro[biphenyl]-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}benzoic acid with the amino group of 4-{[(2R)-4-(morpholin-4-yl)-1-(phenylsulfanyl)butan-2-yl]amino}-3-[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]benzenesulfonamide. It is a BH3-mimetic drug which targets the anti-apoptotic B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2) family proteins, including BCL-2, BCL-xL, and BCL-w, and induces apoptosis in cancer cells. Currently under clinical investigation as treatment for solid tumors and hematologic malignancies. It has a role as a B-cell lymphoma 2 inhibitor, an apoptosis inducer and an antineoplastic agent. It is a member of piperazines, a member of monochlorobenzenes, a member of morpholines, an aryl sulfide, a N-sulfonylcarboxamide, a sulfone, an organofluorine compound, a secondary amino compound and a tertiary amino compound.", "Navitoclax has been used in trials studying the treatment and basic science of Solid Tumors, Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma, EGFR Activating Mutation, Chronic Lymphoid Leukemia, and Hematological Malignancies, among others.  Navitoclax is an orally bioavailable small molecule inhibitor of Bcl-2 family proteins. It is a substance being studied in the treatment of lymphomas and other types of cancer. It blocks some of the enzymes that keep cancer cells from dying.", "Navitoclax is an orally active, synthetic small molecule and an antagonist of a subset of the B-cell leukemia 2 (Bcl-2) family of proteins with potential antineoplastic activity. Navitoclax selectively binds to apoptosis suppressor proteins Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, and Bcl-w, which are frequently overexpressed in a wide variety of cancers, including those of the lymph, breast, lung, prostate, and colon, and are linked to tumor drug resistance. Inhibition of these apoptosis suppressors prevents their binding to the apoptotic effectors Bax and Bak proteins, thereby triggering apoptotic processes in cells overexpressing Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, and Bcl-w. This eventually reduces tumor cell proliferation."]], ["Fadraciclib", "CC[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)NC1=NC(=C2C(=N1)N(C=N2)C(C)C)NCC3=CN=C(C=C3C)C", ["CYC-065 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03739554 (CYC065 CDK Inhibitor and Venetoclax Study in Relapsed/Refractory CLL).", "Fadraciclib is an orally bioavailable inhibitor of cyclin dependent kinases 2, 5 and 9 (CDK2/5/9), with potential antineoplastic and chemoprotective activities. Upon oral administration, fadraciclib selectively binds to and inhibits the activity of CDK2, 5 and 9, which leads to inhibition of CDK2, 5 and 9-dependent cellular pathways, downregulation of genes involved in the pro-survival pathway, prevention of the activation of DNA double-strand break repair pathways, and induction of both cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. This inhibits the proliferation of CDK2/5/9-overexpressing tumor cells. In addition, CYC065 protects hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs), prevents myelosuppression, and preserves the function of the bone marrow. CDKs are serine/threonine kinases involved in the regulation of the cell cycle and may be overexpressed in certain cancer cell types; they play key roles in tumor cell proliferation, the regulation of transcription, and DNA damage repair."]], ["4-(3-(4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)phenylthio)phenyl)-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-carboxamide", "CN1C(=CC=N1)C2=CC=C(C=C2)SC3=CC=CC(=C3)C4(CCOCC4)C(=O)N", ["PF-4191834 has been investigated for the basic science of Asthma."]], ["Volixibat", "CCCC[C@@]1(CS(=O)(=O)C2=C(C=C(C=C2)N(C)C)[C@H]([C@H]1O)C3=CC(=CC=C3)NC(=O)N[C@H]4[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O4)COS(=O)(=O)O)O)OCC5=CC=CC=C5)O)CC", ["Volixibat, also known as SHP626 or LUM002, is an investigational drug that will potentially be used for the treatment of Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH). If approved for use, it will be the first available agent for the treatment of NASH.  Volixibat is a selective inhibitor of the apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter (ASBT), a transmembrane protein primarily expressed by enterocytes of the ileum. Also known as the ileal bile acid transporter (IBAT), ASBT is primarily responsible for the enterohepatic recirculation of bile acids and ultimately for hepatic lipid and glucose metabolism. Inhibiting this enzyme results in a decrease of bile acids returning to the liver, which is helpful for the treatment of NASH as abnormal cholesterol metabolism and accumulation of free cholesterol in the liver have been implicated in its pathogenesis.   According to Shire, the pharmaceutical manufacturer of Volixibat, it has been granted fast track status by the Food and Drug Administration due to promising initial results and a need for therapeutic treatments for NASH."]], ["4-(4-(5-(5-chloro-6-isopropoxypyridin-3-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)-1H-indol-1-yl)butanoic acid", "CC(C)OC1=C(C=C(C=N1)C2=NC(=NO2)C3=C4C=CN(C4=CC=C3)CCCC(=O)O)Cl", ["GSK2018682 has been investigated for the treatment of Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting."]], ["MK-8245", "C1CN(CCC1OC2=C(C=CC(=C2)F)Br)C3=NOC(=C3)C4=NN(N=N4)CC(=O)O", ["MK-8245 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus."]], ["MK-6186", "C1=CC2=C(NN=C2N=C1)CN3C4=C(C=N3)C(=C(C=C4)Cl)OC5=CC(=CC(=C5)C#N)Cl", ["MK6186 has been used in trials studying the treatment of HIV-1 Infection."]], ["Sns-314", "C1=CC(=CC(=C1)Cl)NC(=O)NC2=NC=C(S2)CCNC3=NC=NC4=C3SC=C4", ["1-(3-chlorophenyl)-3-[5-[2-(4-thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidinylamino)ethyl]-2-thiazolyl]urea is a member of ureas.", "SNS-314 is a potent and selective inhibitor of Aurora kinases A, B, and C. Proliferating cells treated with SNS-314 bypass the mitotic spindle checkpoint and fail to undergo cytokinesis, leading to multiple rounds of endoreduplication and eventually cell death. SNS-314 inhibits tumor growth in a variety of preclinical models, and it is now being tested in single agent Phase 1 studies in patients with advanced solid tumours.", "Aurora Kinase Inhibitor SNS-314 is a synthetic small molecule Aurora kinase (AK) inhibitor with potential antineoplastic activity. Aurora kinase inhibitor SNS-314 selectively binds to and inhibits AKs A and B, which may result in the inhibition of cellular division and proliferation in tumor cells that overexpress AKs. AKs are serine-threonine kinases that play essential roles in mitotic checkpoint control during mitosis."]], ["3-Isopropyl-5-(4-(((6-(4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)pyridin-3-yl)oxy)methyl)piperidin-1-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole", "CC(C)C1=NOC(=N1)N2CCC(CC2)COC3=CN=C(C=C3)C4=CC=C(C=C4)S(=O)(=O)C", ["GSK1292263 has been investigated for the treatment of DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2."]], ["Invokana", "CC1=C(C=C(C=C1)[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O2)CO)O)O)O)CC3=CC=C(S3)C4=CC=C(C=C4)F.CC1=C(C=C(C=C1)[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O2)CO)O)O)O)CC3=CC=C(S3)C4=CC=C(C=C4)F.O", ["Canagliflozin hydrate is a hydrate that is the hemihydrate form of canagliflozin. Used for treatment of type II diabetes via inhibition of sodium-glucose transport protein subtype 2. It has a role as a hypoglycemic agent and a sodium-glucose transport protein subtype 2 inhibitor. It contains a canagliflozin.", "Canagliflozin is a C-glucoside with a thiophene ring that is an orally available inhibitor of sodium-glucose transporter 2 (SGLT2) with antihyperglycemic activity. Canagliflozin is also able to reduce body weight and has a low risk for hypoglycemia.", "A glucoside-derived SODIUM-GLUCOSE TRANSPORTER 2 inhibitor that stimulates urinary excretion of glucose by suppressing renal glucose reabsorption. It is used to manage BLOOD GLUCOSE levels in patients with TYPE 2 DIABETES."]], ["Artefenomel", "C1CC2(CCC1C3=CC=C(C=C3)OCCN4CCOCC4)OC5(C6CC7CC(C6)CC5C7)OO2", ["Artefenomel has been investigated for the treatment of Malaria."]], ["Fostamatinib disodium anhydrous", "CC1(C(=O)N(C2=C(O1)C=CC(=N2)NC3=NC(=NC=C3F)NC4=CC(=C(C(=C4)OC)OC)OC)COP(=O)([O-])[O-])C.[Na+].[Na+]", ["Fostamatinib Disodium Anhydrous is the anhydrous form of fostamatinib disodium, an orally available Syk kinase inhibitor with potential anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating activities. Fostamatinib inhibits Syk kinase-mediated IgG Fc gamma receptor signaling, resulting in inhibition of the activation of mast cells, macrophages, and B-cells and related inflammatory responses and tissue damage. Syk kinase, widely expressed in hematopoietic cells, is a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase that is involved in coupling activated immunoreceptors to signal downstream events that mediate diverse cellular responses, including proliferation, differentiation, and phagocytosis."]], ["Ziprasidone hydrochloride hydrate", "[H+].C1CN(CCN1CCC2=C(C=C3C(=C2)CC(=O)N3)Cl)C4=NSC5=CC=CC=C54.O.[Cl-]", ["Ziprasidone hydrochloride hydrate is the hydrochloride hydrate salt of ziprasidone. It is a hydrochloride and a hydrate. It contains a ziprasidone."]], ["Largon", "[H+].CCC(=O)C1=CC2=C(C=C1)SC3=CC=CC=C3N2CC(C)N(C)C.[Cl-]", ["Propiomazine hydrochloride is a hydrochloride. It contains a propiomazine."]], ["Anlotinib", "CC1=CC2=C(N1)C=CC(=C2F)OC3=C4C=C(C(=CC4=NC=C3)OCC5(CC5)N)OC", ["Anlotinib has been investigated for the treatment of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer and Metastatic Colorectal Cancer.", "Anlotinib is a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibitor with potential antineoplastic and anti-angiogenic activities. Upon administration, anlotininib targets multiple RTKs, including vascular endothelial growth factor receptor type 2 (VEGFR2) and type 3 (VEGFR3). This agent may both inhibit angiogenesis and halt tumor cell growth."]], ["MK-3207", "C1CCC2(C1)C(=O)N([C@@H](CN2)C3=CC(=CC(=C3)F)F)CC(=O)NC4=CC5=C(C[C@@]6(C5)C7=C(NC6=O)N=CC=C7)C=C4", ["Mk3207 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Migraine and Migraine Disorders."]], ["Dilactic acid copper(II) salt", "C[C@@H](C(=O)[O-])O.C[C@@H](C(=O)[O-])O.[Cu+2]", ["Copper lactate is a chemical compound of copper. Copper is a chemical element with the symbol Cu and atomic number 29. Copper is an essential elements in plants and animals as it is required for the normal functioning of more than 30 enzymes. It occurs naturally throughout the environment in rocks, soil, water, and air. (L277, L278)"]], ["Hydroxy-oxido-dioxochromium;iron(3+)", "O[Cr](=O)(=O)[O-].O[Cr](=O)(=O)[O-].O[Cr](=O)(=O)[O-].[Fe+3]", ["Iron(III) chromate is a chemical compound of iron and hexavalent chromium. Hexavalent chromium refers to chemical compounds that contain the element chromium in the +6 oxidation state. Chromium(VI) is more toxic than other oxidation states of the chromium atom because of its greater ability to enter cells and higher redox potential. (L16)"]], ["Azanium;mercury(2+);trichloride", "[NH4+].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Hg+2]", ["Mercuric amidochloride is a chemical compound that arises from the reaction of ammonia and mercuric chloride. It was once considered an antiseptic and disinfectant, but is no longer used due to the toxicity of mercury. Mercury is a heavy, silvery d-block metal and one of six elements that are liquid at or near room temperature and pressure. It is a naturally occuring substance, and combines with other elements such as chlorine, sulfur, or oxygen to form inorganic mercury compounds (salts). Mercury also combines with carbon to make organic mercury compounds. (L1, L420)"]], ["Cobaltic potassium nitrite", "N(=O)[O-].N(=O)[O-].N(=O)[O-].N(=O)[O-].N(=O)[O-].N(=O)[O-].O.[K+].[K+].[K+].[Co+3]", ["Potassium cobaltinitrite is a chemical compound of cobalt. Cobalt is a metallic element with the atomic number 27. It is found naturally in rocks, soil, water, plants, and animals. In small amounts cobalt is an essential element for life, as it is part of vitamin B12. However, excess exposure is known to exhibit toxic effects. Nitrite is a toxic compound known to cause methemoglobinemia. (L1137, L29, L30)"]], ["Egg white", "CC1(C(=O)N(C(=O)O1)C(=O)N)C", ["Egg white allergenic extract is used in allergenic testing."]], ["Xevinapant", "C[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@H]1CN(CC[C@H]2CC[C@H](N2C1=O)C(=O)NC(C3=CC=CC=C3)C4=CC=CC=C4)C(=O)CC(C)C)NC", ["Xevinapant is an orally available mimetic of the natural second mitochondrial-derived activator of caspases (Smac) and inhibitor of Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins (IAPs), with potential immunomodulating, apoptotic-inducing, chemo-radio-sensitizing and antineoplastic activities. Upon oral administration,xevinapant targets and binds to the Smac binding groove on IAPs, including the direct caspase inhibitor X chromosome-linked IAP (XIAP), and the cellular IAPs 1 (c-IAP1) and 2 (c-IAP2). This inhibits the activities of these IAPs and promotes the induction of apoptosis. Additionally, as xevinapant inhibits the activity of IAPs, it may work synergistically with cytotoxic drugs and/or radiation to overcome tumor cell resistance to apoptosis. As IAPs regulate nuclear factor-kappa B (NFkB) signaling pathways, which drives the expression of genes involved in immune and inflammatory responses, xevinapant may enhance anti-tumor immune responses when administered with certain immunomodulating agents, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors. IAPs are overexpressed by many cancer cell types and suppress both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis by binding to and inhibiting active caspases via their baculoviral lAP repeat (BIR) domains. They contribute to chemo-radio-resistance of cancer cells to certain cytotoxic agents and radiation, promote tumor cell survival and are associated with poor prognosis in certain types of cancer. SMAC, a pro-apoptotic mitochondrial protein, is an endogenous inhibitor of the IAPs family of cellular proteins."]], ["Evogliptin", "CC(C)(C)OC[C@@H]1C(=O)NCCN1C(=O)C[C@@H](CC2=CC(=C(C=C2F)F)F)N", ["Evogliptin has been used in trials studying the treatment and screening of Osteoporosis, Renal Impairment, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Diabetes Mellitis Type 2, and Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2."]], ["Edoxaban tosylate monohydrate", "CC1=CC=C(C=C1)S(=O)(=O)O.CN1CCC2=C(C1)SC(=N2)C(=O)N[C@@H]3C[C@H](CC[C@@H]3NC(=O)C(=O)NC4=NC=C(C=C4)Cl)C(=O)N(C)C.O", ["Edoxaban tosylate hydrate is a hydrate that is the monohydrate of the tosylate salt of edoxaban. Used for the treatment of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. It has a role as an anticoagulant, an EC 3.4.21.6 (coagulation factor Xa) inhibitor and a platelet aggregation inhibitor. It contains an edoxaban tosylate."]], ["Brilacidin", "C1CNC[C@@H]1OC2=C(C=C(C=C2NC(=O)C3=CC(=NC=N3)C(=O)NC4=CC(=CC(=C4O[C@@H]5CCNC5)NC(=O)CCCCN=C(N)N)C(F)(F)F)C(F)(F)F)NC(=O)CCCCN=C(N)N", ["Brilacidin is under investigation for the supportive care of Mucositis, Stomatitis, Mouth Diseases, and Head and Neck Neoplasms.", "Brilacidin is a synthetic, nonpeptidic, small molecule mimetic of defensin, a type of host defense proteins/peptides (HDPs) or antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), with potential antibacterial and antiviral activities. Upon administration, brilacidin selectively destabilizes bacterial and viral membrane integrity, which leads to their proteolysis and degradation. HDPs are part of the innate immune response and act as the first line of defense against foreign pathogens. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has been shown to suppress defensins."]], ["Telotristat", "CC1=NN(C=C1)C2=C(C=CC(=C2)Cl)[C@H](C(F)(F)F)OC3=NC(=NC(=C3)C4=CC=C(C=C4)C[C@@H](C(=O)O)N)N", ["Telotristat is a phenylalanine derivative.", "A tryptophan hydroxylase inhibitor. [Telotristat ethyl] (brand name Xermelo) is a prodrug of telotristat.", "Telotristat is a Tryptophan Hydroxylase Inhibitor. The mechanism of action of telotristat is as a Tryptophan Hydroxylase Inhibitor.", "Telotristat is an oral, small molecule inhibitor of tryptophan hydroxylase that is used in the treatment of symptoms of carcinoid syndrome. Telotristat is associated with modest rate of minor serum enzyme elevations during therapy but has not been linked to cases of clinically apparent liver injury."]], ["4-((4-(1H-tetrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)methyl)-2-(1-(5-ethylpyrimidin-2-yl)piperidin-4-yl)thiazole", "CCC1=CN=C(N=C1)N2CCC(CC2)C3=NC(=CS3)COC4=CC=C(C=C4)N5C=NN=N5", ["MBX-2982 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Diabetes."]], ["Saridegib", "C[C@H]1C[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@H]([C@]3(O2)CC[C@H]4[C@@H]5CC[C@@H]6C[C@@H](CC[C@@]6([C@H]5CC4=C(C3)C)C)NS(=O)(=O)C)C)NC1", ["Patidegib is a member of piperidines.", "Patidegib has been investigated for the treatment of Conventional Chondrosarcoma.", "Patidegib is an orally bioavailable, cyclopamine-derived inhibitor of the Hedgehog (Hh) pathway with potential antineoplastic activity. Specifically, patidegib binds to and inhibits the cell membrane-spanning G-protein coupled receptor SMO, which may result in the suppression of Hh pathway signaling and a decrease in tumor cell proliferation and survival. SMO is activated upon binding of Hh ligand to the cell surface receptor Patched (PTCH); inappropriate activation of Hh signaling and uncontrolled cellular proliferation may be associated with SMO mutations. The Hh signaling pathway plays an important role in proliferation of neuronal precursor cells in the developing cerebellum and other tissues."]], ["Lucitanib", "CNC(=O)C1=CC=CC2=C1C=CC(=C2)OC3=C4C=C(C(=CC4=NC=C3)OCC5(CC5)N)OC", ["E-3810 free base is a naphthalenecarboxamide obtained from formal condensation of the carboxy group of aminocyclopropyl)methoxy]-6-methoxyquinolin-4-yl}oxy)-1-naphthoic acid with methylamine. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent, a fibroblast growth factor receptor antagonist and a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist. It is a member of quinolines, an aromatic ether, a member of cyclopropanes, a primary amino compound and a naphthalenecarboxamide. It is a conjugate base of an E-3810(1+).", "Lucitanib has been used in trials studying the treatment of ER+, MBC, SCLC, HER2+, and NSCLC, among others.", "Lucitanib is a novel dual inhibitor targeting human vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFRs) and fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) with antiangiogenic activity. Lucitanib inhibits VEGFR-1, -2, -3 and FGFR-1, -2 kinases in the nM range, which may result in the inhibition of tumor angiogenesis and tumor cell proliferation, and the induction of tumor cell death. Both VEGFRs and FGFRs belong to the family of receptor tyrosine kinases that may be upregulated in various tumor cell types."]], ["Dapagliflozin propanediol anhydrous", "CCOC1=CC=C(C=C1)CC2=C(C=CC(=C2)[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O3)CO)O)O)O)Cl.C[C@@H](CO)O", ["Dapagliflozin Propanediol is the propanediol form of dapagliflozin, a selective sodium-glucose co-transporter subtype 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor with antihyperglycemic activity. Upon administration, dapagliflozin selectively targets and inhibits SGLT2, thereby preventing the reabsorption of glucose by the kidneys."]], ["PF-04691502", "CC1=C2C=C(C(=O)N(C2=NC(=N1)N)C3CCC(CC3)OCCO)C4=CN=C(C=C4)OC", ["PF-04691502 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Cancer, Breast Neoplasms, Early Breast Cancer (Phase 2), and Advanced Breast Cancer (Phase 1b).", "PI3K/mTOR Kinase Inhibitor PF-04691502 is an agent targeting the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in the PI3K/mTOR signaling pathway, with potential antineoplastic activity. PI3K/mTOR kinase inhibitor PF-04691502 inhibits both PI3K and mTOR kinases, which may result in apoptosis and growth inhibition of cancer cells overexpressing PI3K/mTOR. Activation of the PI3K/mTOR pathway promotes cell growth, survival, and resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy; mTOR, a serine/threonine kinase downstream of PI3K, may also be activated independent of PI3K."]], ["Esaxerenone", "CC1=C(N(C=C1C(=O)NC2=CC=C(C=C2)S(=O)(=O)C)CCO)C3=CC=CC=C3C(F)(F)F", ["Esaxerenone is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02722265 (Long-term Study of CS-3150 as Monotherapy or in Combination With Other Antihypertensive Drug in Japanese Patients With Essential Hypertension)."]], ["Zamicastat", "C1[C@H](COC2=C1C=C(C=C2F)F)N3C(=CNC3=S)CCNCC4=CC=CC=C4", ["Zamicastat has been used in trials studying the treatment of Hypertension and Chronic Heart Failure."]], ["Reyataz", "[H+].[H+].CC(C)(C)[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)[C@H](CN(CC2=CC=C(C=C2)C3=CC=CC=N3)NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)(C)C)NC(=O)OC)O)NC(=O)OC.[O-]S(=O)(=O)[O-]", ["Atazanavir sulfate is an organic sulfate salt. It contains an atazanavir.", "Atazanavir (brand name: Reyataz) is a prescription medicine approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of HIV infection in adults and children. Atazanavir comes in two different dosage forms: capsules and oral powder.", "An azapeptide and HIV-PROTEASE INHIBITOR that is used in the treatment of HIV INFECTIONS and AIDS in combination with other ANTI-HIV AGENTS."]], ["Eldepryl", "C[C@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)[NH+](C)CC#C.[Cl-]", ["Selegiline hydrochloride is a hydrochloride and a terminal acetylenic compound. It has a role as an antiparkinson drug, a dopaminergic agent and an EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor. It contains a (-)-selegiline(1+).", "A selective, irreversible inhibitor of Type B monoamine oxidase that is used for the treatment of newly diagnosed patients with PARKINSON DISEASE, and for the treatment of depressive disorders. The compound without isomeric designation is Deprenyl."]], ["Avandia", "[H+].[H+].CN(CCOC1=CC=C(C=C1)CC2C(=O)NC(=O)S2)C3=CC=CC=N3.C(=C\\C(=O)[O-])\\C(=O)[O-]", ["Rosiglitazone maleate is a maleate salt. It contains a rosiglitazone.", "A thiazolidinedione that functions as a selective agonist for PPAR GAMMA. It improves INSULIN SENSITIVITY in adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and the liver of patients with TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS."]], ["N-{[(3s)-3-Amino-1-(5-Ethyl-7h-Pyrrolo[2,3-D]pyrimidin-4-Yl)pyrrolidin-3-Yl]methyl}-2,4-Difluorobenzamide", "CCC1=CNC2=C1C(=NC=N2)N3CC[C@@](C3)(CNC(=O)C4=C(C=C(C=C4)F)F)N", ["AKT Inhibitor is any agent that inhibits protein kinase B (AKT)."]], ["Momelotinib", "C1COCCN1C2=CC=C(C=C2)NC3=NC=CC(=N3)C4=CC=C(C=C4)C(=O)NCC#N", ["Momelotinib is a benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-{2-[4-(morpholin-4-yl)anilino]pyrimidin-4-yl}benzoic acid with the primary amino group of aminoacetonitrile. It is an ATP-competitive JAK1/JAK2 inhibitor with IC50 of 11 nM and 18 nM, respectively. Used for the treatment of patients with intermediate- or high-risk myelofibrosis. It has a role as an EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor, an antineoplastic agent, an anti-anaemic agent and an apoptosis inducer. It is an aminopyrimidine, a member of morpholines, a secondary amino compound, a tertiary amino compound, a member of benzamides and a nitrile.", "Momelotinib has been used in trials studying the treatment of Polycythemia Vera, Primary Myelofibrosis, Post-Polycythemia Vera, Essential Thrombocythemia, and Primary Myelofibrosis (PMF), among others.", "Momelotinib is an orally bioavailable small-molecule inhibitor of Janus kinases 1 and 2 (JAK1/2) with potential antineoplastic activity. JAK1/2 inhibitor CYT387 competes with JAK1/2 for ATP binding, which may result in inhibition of JAK1/2 activation, inhibition of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway, and so the induction of apoptosis and a reduction of tumor cell proliferation in JAK1/2-expressing tumor cells. JAK2 is the most common mutated gene in bcr-abl-negative myeloproliferative disorders; the JAK2V617F gain-of-function mutation involves a valine-to-phenylalanine modification at position 617. The JAK-STAT signaling pathway is a major mediator of cytokine activity and is often dysregulated in a variety of tumor cell types."]], ["4-Carbamothioylphenyl 2-(6-methoxynaphthalen-2-yl)propanoate", "CC(C1=CC2=C(C=C1)C=C(C=C2)OC)C(=O)OC3=CC=C(C=C3)C(=S)N", ["ATB-346 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03220633 (Study To Assess Safety, Tolerability And PK Of ATB-346 In Healthy Subjects)."]], ["Rebastinib", "CC(C)(C)C1=NN(C(=C1)NC(=O)NC2=C(C=C(C=C2)OC3=CC(=NC=C3)C(=O)NC)F)C4=CC5=C(C=C4)N=CC=C5", ["DCC-2036 is a member of the class of ureas that is urea in which one of the nitrogens bears a 3-tert-butyl-1-(quinolin-6-yl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl substituent, while the other bears a 2-fluoro-4-{[2-(methylcarbamoyl)pyridin-4-yl]oxy}phenyl substituent. It has a role as a tyrosine kinase inhibitor. It is a member of quinolines, a pyridinecarboxamide, a member of pyrazoles, an organofluorine compound and a member of phenylureas.", "Rebastinib has been used in trials studying the treatment of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia. It is an inhibitor of Tie2 tyrosine kinase receptor and an antineoplastic agent.", "Rebastinib is an orally bioavailable small-molecule inhibitor of multiple tyrosine kinases with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, rebastinib binds to and inhibits the Bcr-Abl fusion oncoprotein by changing the conformation of the folded protein to disallow ligand-dependent and ligand-independent activation; in addition, this agent binds to and inhibits Src family kinases LYN, HCK and FGR and the receptor tyrosine kinases TIE-2 and VEGFR-2. Rebastinib may exhibit more potent activity against T315I Bcr-Abl gatekeeper mutant kinases than other Bcr-Abl kinase inhibitors. The TIE-2 and VEGFR-2 receptor tyrosine kinases regulate angiogenesis, respectively, while the Src family kinases Abl, LYN, and HCK Src regulate a variety of cellular responses including differentiation, division, adhesion, and the stress response."]], ["Dcfbc F-18", "C1=CC(=CC=C1CSC[C@@H](C(=O)O)NC(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)O)[18F]", ["DCFBC F-18 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02190279 (18F-DCFBC PET/CT in Prostate Cancer)."]], ["Oprozomib", "CC1=NC=C(S1)C(=O)N[C@@H](COC)C(=O)N[C@@H](COC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC2=CC=CC=C2)C(=O)[C@]3(CO3)C", ["Oprozomib has been used in trials studying the treatment of Solid Tumors, Multiple Myeloma, Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia, Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma, and Advanced Non-Central Nervous System (CNS) Malignancies.", "Oprozomib is an orally bioavailable proteasome inhibitor with potential antineoplastic activity. Proteasome inhibitor ONX 0912 inhibits the activity of the proteasome, thereby blocking the targeted proteolysis normally performed by the proteasome; this may result in an accumulation of unwanted or misfolded proteins. Disruption of various cell signaling pathways may follow, eventually leading to the induction of apoptosis and inhibition of tumor growth. Proteasomes are large protease complexes that degrade unneeded or damaged proteins that have been ubiquitinated."]], ["Irdabisant", "C[C@@H]1CCCN1CCCOC2=CC=C(C=C2)C3=NNC(=O)C=C3", ["Irdabisant is a ring assembly and a member of pyridazines.", "Irdabisant has been used in trials studying Cognitive Impairment."]], ["Benzamide, 2-[[2-[[2-methoxy-4-(4-morpholinyl)phenyl]amino]-5-(trifluoromethyl)-4-pyridinyl]amino]-N-methyl-", "CNC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1NC2=CC(=NC=C2C(F)(F)F)NC3=C(C=C(C=C3)N4CCOCC4)OC", ["VS-4718 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02215629 (Dose Escalation Study in Acute Myeloid or B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia).", "FAK Inhibitor VS-4718 is an orally bioavailable focal adhesion kinase (FAK) inhibitor with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, VS-4718 inhibits FAK, blocks fibronectin-stimulated FAK autophosphorylation of Tyr397, and may prevent the integrin-mediated activation of several downstream signal transduction pathways, including ERK, JNK/MAPK and PI3K/Akt. This results in the reduction of the number of cancer stem cells (CSCs) and inhibits tumor cell migration, proliferation and survival. The cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase FAK is a signal transducer for integrins and is constitutively activated in various tumor cell types; it is involved in tumor cell invasion, migration and proliferation and plays a key role in the development, function and survival of CSCs."]], ["Ubiquinol-8", "CC1=C(C(=C(C(=C1O)OC)OC)O)C/C=C(\\C)/CC/C=C(\\C)/CC/C=C(\\C)/CC/C=C(\\C)/CC/C=C(\\C)/CC/C=C(\\C)/CC/C=C(\\C)/CCC=C(C)C", ["Ubiquinol-8 is a ubiquinol in which the polyprenyl substituent is octaprenyl. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent. It is an ubiquinol and a polyprenylhydroquinone.", "Ubiquinol-8 is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655)."]], ["propan-2-yl (2S)-2-[[[(2R,3R,5R)-5-(2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1-yl)-4-fluoro-3-hydroxy-4-methyloxolan-2-yl]methoxy-phenoxyphosphoryl]amino]propanoate", "C[C@@H](C(=O)OC(C)C)NP(=O)(OC[C@@H]1[C@H](C([C@@H](O1)N2C=CC(=O)NC2=O)(C)F)O)OC3=CC=CC=C3", ["A uridine monophosphate analog inhibitor of HEPATITIS C VIRUS (HCV) polymerase NS5B that is used as an ANTIVIRAL AGENT in the treatment of CHRONIC HEPATITIS C."]], ["Aprocitentan", "C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=C(N=CN=C2OCCOC3=NC=C(C=N3)Br)NS(=O)(=O)N)Br", ["ACT-132577 is a member of the class of sulfamides in which one of the amino groups of sulfonamide is substituted by a 5-(4-bromophenyl)-6-{2-[(5-bromopyrimidin-2-yl)oxy]ethoxy}pyrimidin-4-yl group. An active metabolite of macitentan (obtained by oxidative depropylation), an orphan drug used for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension. It has a role as an antihypertensive agent, an endothelin receptor antagonist, a drug metabolite and a xenobiotic metabolite. It is an aromatic ether, an organobromine compound, a member of pyrimidines and a member of sulfamides. It is functionally related to an ethylene glycol.", "Aprocitentan is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03541174 (A Research Study to Show the Effect of Aprocitentan in the Treatment of Difficult to Control (Resistant) High Blood Pressure (Hypertension) and Find Out More About Its Safety)."]], ["1H-Pyrrole-2,5-dione, 1-[[6-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl]amino]-3-[(3,3-dimethylbutoxy)methyl]-4-methyl-", "CC1=C(C(=O)N(C1=O)NC2=NC(=C(C=C2)C(F)(F)F)Cl)COCCC(C)(C)C", ["Felezonexor is an orally bioavailable inhibitor of the nuclear export protein exportin-1 (XPO1; chromosome region maintenance 1 protein homolog; CRM1), with potential antineoplastic and pro-apoptotic activities. Upon administration, felezonexor reversibly binds to the cargo binding site of XPO1, and prevents the XPO1-mediated nuclear export of cargo proteins, including tumor suppressor proteins (TSPs), such as p53, FOXO, p21, and p27, and leads to their selective accumulation in the nuclei of tumor cells. As a selective inhibitor of nuclear export (SINE), SL-801 restores the nuclear localization and function of TSPs, which leads to the induction of apoptosis in tumor cells. XPO1, the major export factor that transports proteins and RNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, is overexpressed in a variety of cancer cell types while minimally expressed in normal, healthy cells. The dysregulated export of TSPs into the cytoplasm prevents TSP-initiated apoptosis. XPO1 overexpression leads to uncontrolled tumor cell proliferation and is associated with poor prognosis."]], ["5-Thiazolecarboxamide, 4-methyl-N-[2-[3-(4-morpholinylmethyl)imidazo[2,1-b]thiazol-6-yl]phenyl]-2-(3-pyridinyl)-", "CC1=C(SC(=N1)C2=CN=CC=C2)C(=O)NC3=CC=CC=C3C4=CN5C(=CSC5=N4)CN6CCOCC6", ["SRT2104 has been investigated for the basic science and treatment of Sepsis, PSORIASIS, Atrophy, Muscular, and Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2."]], ["Ezutromid", "CCS(=O)(=O)C1=CC2=C(C=C1)OC(=N2)C3=CC4=CC=CC=C4C=C3", ["Ezutromid has been investigated for the treatment of Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne."]], ["5-[3-[(1S)-1-(2-hydroxyethylamino)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-4-yl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl]-2-propan-2-yloxybenzonitrile", "CC(C)OC1=C(C=C(C=C1)C2=NC(=NO2)C3=C4CCC(C4=CC=C3)NCCO)C#N", ["Ozanimod is an orally bioavailable sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptors 1 (S1PR1, S1P1) and 5 (S1PR5, S1P5) modulator, with potential anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating activities. Upon oral administration, ozanimod selectively targets and binds to S1PR1 on lymphocytes and induces S1PR1 internalization and degradation. This results in the sequestration of lymphocytes in lymph nodes. By preventing egress of lymphocytes, ozanimod reduces both the amount of circulating peripheral lymphocytes and the infiltration of lymphocytes into target tissues. This prevents a lymphocyte-mediated immune response and may reduce inflammation. S1PR1, a G-protein coupled receptor, plays a key role in lymphocyte migration from lymphoid tissues. Modulation of S1PR5 by ozanimod may be neuroprotective."]], ["(R)-N-(3-Aminopropyl)-3-chloro-N-(1-(7-chloro-4-oxo-3-(phenylamino)-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-2-YL)but-3-YN-1-YL)-2-fluorobenzamide", "C#CC[C@H](C1=NC2=C(C=CC(=C2)Cl)C(=O)N1NC3=CC=CC=C3)N(CCCN)C(=O)C4=C(C(=CC=C4)Cl)F", ["Eg5 Kinesin-Related Motor Protein Inhibitor ARQ 621 is a small-molecule inhibitor of the kinesin-related motor protein Eg5 with potential antineoplastic activity. Eg5 kinesin-related motor protein inhibitor ARQ 621 selectively inhibits the activity of Eg5, which may result in mitotic disruption, apoptosis and cell death. The ATP-dependent Eg5 kinesin-related motor protein (also known as KIF11 or kinesin spindle protein-5) is a plus-end directed kinesin motor protein involved in the regulation of spindle dynamics, including assembly and maintenance, during mitosis."]], ["Cochineal", "CC1=C2C(=CC(=C1C(=O)O)O)C(=O)C3=C(C2=O)C(=C(C(=C3O)O)[C@H]4[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O4)CO)O)O)O)O", ["Coloring matter from the insect Coccus cacti L. It is used in foods, pharmaceuticals, toiletries, etc., as a dye, and also has use as a microscopic stain and biological marker."]], ["PF-04418948", "COC1=CC2=C(C=C1)C=C(C=C2)OCC3(CN(C3)C(=O)C4=CC=C(C=C4)F)C(=O)O", ["Pf 04418948 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01002963 (A Study To Investigate The Safety And Toleration Of A Single Dose Of PF-04418948 In Healthy Volunteers)."]], ["Utatrectinib", "C[C@@H](C1=NC=C(C=N1)F)NC2=NC3=C(C=C2)N=CN3C4=CC(=NN4)OC(C)C", ["Utatrectinib is a tropomyosin receptor kinase (TRK) inhibitor with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, utatrectinib binds to TRK, thereby preventing the neurotrophin-TRK interaction and subsequent TRK activation. This may eventually result in an inhibition of tumor cell proliferation in TRK-expressing tumor cells. TRK, a receptor tyrosine kinase activated by neurotrophins, is mutated in a variety of cancer cell types and plays an important role in tumor cell growth, invasion and survival."]], ["Henatinib", "CC1=C(NC2=C1C(=O)N(CCC2)C[C@@H](CN3CCOCC3)O)/C=C\\4/C5=C(C=CC(=C5)F)NC4=O", ["Henatinib has been used in trials studying the treatment of Advanced Solid Cancer."]], ["Defactinib", "CNC(=O)C1=CC=C(C=C1)NC2=NC=C(C(=N2)NCC3=NC=CN=C3N(C)S(=O)(=O)C)C(F)(F)F", ["Defactinib has been investigated for the treatment of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma.", "Defactinib is an orally bioavailable, small-molecule focal adhesion kinase (FAK) inhibitor with potential antiangiogenic and antineoplastic activities. Defactinib inhibits FAK, which may prevent the integrin-mediated activation of several downstream signal transduction pathways, including those involving RAS/MEK/ERK and PI3K/Akt, thus inhibiting tumor cell migration, proliferation, survival, and tumor angiogenesis. The tyrosine kinase FAK, a signal transducer for integrins, is normally activated by binding to integrins in the extracellular matrix (ECM) but may be upregulated and constitutively activated in various tumor cell types."]], ["Triplatin tetranitrate", "C(CCCN)CCN.C(CCCN)CCN.N.N.N.N.N.N.[N+](=O)([O-])[O-].[N+](=O)([O-])[O-].[N+](=O)([O-])[O-].[N+](=O)([O-])[O-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Pt+2].[Pt+2].[Pt+2]", ["Triplatin Tetranitrate is a cationic tri-nuclear platinum complex related to cisplatin.  BBR 3464 binds to and forms DNA crosslinks and platinum-DNA adducts, preventing DNA replication and tumor cell division."]], ["Defactinib hydrochloride", "CNC(=O)C1=CC=C(C=C1)NC2=NC=C(C(=N2)NCC3=NC=CN=C3N(C)S(=O)(=O)C)C(F)(F)F.Cl", ["Defactinib Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of defactinib, an orally bioavailable, small-molecule focal adhesion kinase (FAK) inhibitor with potential antiangiogenic and antineoplastic activities. Defactinib inhibits FAK, which may prevent the integrin-mediated activation of several downstream signal transduction pathways, including those involving RAS/MEK/ERK and PI3K/Akt, thus inhibiting tumor cell migration, proliferation, survival, and tumor angiogenesis. The tyrosine kinase FAK, a signal transducer for integrins, is normally activated by binding to integrins in the extracellular matrix (ECM) but may be upregulated and constitutively activated in various tumor cell types."]], ["4-[4-[4-[4-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1-methylimidazol-2-yl]piperidin-1-yl]-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine", "CN1C=C(N=C1C2CCN(CC2)C3=NC=NC4=C3C=NN4)C5=CC(=C(C=C5)F)C(F)(F)F", ["LY2584702 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Cancer, Advanced Cancer, Renal Cell Carcinoma, Metastases, Neoplasm, and Neuroendocrine Tumors, among others.", "p70S6K Inhibitor LY2584702 is an orally available inhibitor of p70S6K signaling, with potential antineoplastic activity. p70S6K inhibitor LY2584702 inhibits ribosomal protein S6 Kinase (p70S6K), and prevents phosphorylation of the S6 subunit of ribosomes, thereby inhibiting normal ribosomal function within tumor cells leading to a decrease in protein synthesis and in cellular proliferation. P70S6K, a serine/threonine kinase, acts downstream of PIP3 and phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1 in the PI3 kinase pathway, is often upregulated in a variety of cancer cells, and is involved in the regulation of cell growth, proliferation, motility, and survival."]], ["3-(4-((7-Hydroxy-6-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-4-YL)methyl)-3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-YL)propanoic acid", "CC1=CC(=C2CCCC2=C1O)CC3=C(N(N=C3C)CCC(=O)O)C", ["TRC150094 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03254446 (Safety and Efficacy Study of TRC150094 to Improve the CV Risk in Subjects With Diabetes, Dyslipidemia and Hypertension)."]], ["Ruxolitinib", "C1CCC(C1)[C@@H](CC#N)N2C=C(C=N2)C3=C4C=CNC4=NC=N3", ["Ruxolitinib is a pyrazole substituted at position 1 by a 2-cyano-1-cyclopentylethyl group and at position 3 by a pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl group. Used as the phosphate salt for the treatment of patients with intermediate or high-risk myelofibrosis, including primary myelofibrosis, post-polycythemia vera myelofibrosis and post-essential thrombocythemia myelofibrosis. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent and an EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor. It is a nitrile, a pyrrolopyrimidine and a member of pyrazoles.", "Ruxolitinib, formerly known as INCB018424 or INC424, is an anticancer drug and a Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor. It is a potent and selective inhibitor of JAK1 and JAK2, which are tyrosine kinases involved in cytokine signalling and hematopoiesis. Myeloproliferative neoplasms, such as myelofibrosis and polycythemia vera, are often characterized by aberrant activation of the JAK-STAT pathway, leading to abnormal blood cell counts and thrombotic complications. By inhibiting JAK1 and JAK2, ruxolitinib works to block the dysregulated cell signalling pathways and prevents abnormal blood cell proliferation. Due to a large number of patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms who have JAK2 mutations, ruxolitinib was the first ATP-competitive inhibitor of JAK1 and JAK2 ever developed.  Ruxolitinib was first approved for the treatment of adult patients with myelofibrosis by the FDA in 2011, followed by EMA's approval in 2012. In 2014, it was approved for the treatment of polycythemia vera in adults who have an inadequate response to or are intolerant of [hydroxyurea] and in 2019, ruxolitinib was approved for use in steroid-refractory acute graft-versus-host disease in adults and children. The topical formulation of ruxolitinib is used to treat atopic dermatitis and vitiligo. It is being investigated for other inflammatory skin conditions.  Ruxolitinib has been investigated to treat patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) accompanied by severe systemic hyperinflammation. In phase II clinical trials, ruxolitinib improved chest computed tomography and improved recovery in patients with lymphopenia. However, phase III clinical trials later determined that ruxolitinib was inadequate in meeting its primary endpoint of reducing the number of hospitalized COVID-19 patients who experienced severe complications thus the drug was not approved as a treatment for COVID-19.", "Ruxolitinib is a Kinase Inhibitor and Janus Kinase Inhibitor. The mechanism of action of ruxolitinib is as a Janus Kinase Inhibitor.", "Ruxolitinib is a Kinase Inhibitor. The mechanism of action of ruxolitinib is as a Protein Kinase Inhibitor.", "Ruxolitinib is a small molecule Janus kinase inhibitor that is used in the treatment of intermediate or high risk myelofibrosis and resistant forms of polycythemia vera and graft-vs-host disease. Ruxolitinib is associated with transient and usually mild elevations in serum aminotransferase during therapy and to rare instances of self-limited, clinically apparent idiosyncratic acute liver injury as well as to cases of reactivation of hepatitis B in susceptible individuals.", "Ruxolitinib is an orally bioavailable Janus-associated kinase (JAK) inhibitor with potential antineoplastic and immunomodulating activities. Ruxolitinib specifically binds to and inhibits protein tyrosine kinases JAK 1 and 2, which may lead to a reduction in inflammation and an inhibition of cellular proliferation. The JAK-STAT (signal transducer and activator of transcription) pathway plays a key role in the signaling of many cytokines and growth factors and is involved in cellular proliferation, growth, hematopoiesis, and the immune response; JAK kinases may be upregulated in inflammatory diseases, myeloproliferative disorders, and various malignancies."]], ["O-((2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-((R)-3-(decyloxy)tetradecanamido)-4-(((R)-3-(decyloxy)tetradecanoyl)oxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-(phosphonooxy)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)-N-((R)-3-(decyloxy)tetradecanoyl)-L-serine", "CCCCCCCCCCC[C@H](CC(=O)N[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O[C@H]1OC[C@@H](C(=O)O)NC(=O)C[C@@H](CCCCCCCCCCC)OCCCCCCCCCC)CO)OP(=O)(O)O)OC(=O)C[C@@H](CCCCCCCCCCC)OCCCCCCCCCC)OCCCCCCCCCC", ["TLR4 Agonist GSK1795091 is a toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist, with potential immunoadjuvant activity. Upon administration, GSK1795091 binds to and activates TLR4, thereby stimulating dendritic cells (DCs), monocytes and macrophages. This activation results in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interferon gamma (IFN-g), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a) and the interleukins (IL), IL-1 beta, -6 and -12. This may induce a T helper cell-1 (Th1) immune response and, upon co-administration of a vaccine containing tumor-associated antigens (TAAs), activates a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) response against tumor cells expressing those TAAs. TLR4, a member of the TLR family, plays a key role in the activation of innate immunity."]], ["Poziotinib", "COC1=C(C=C2C(=C1)N=CN=C2NC3=C(C(=C(C=C3)Cl)Cl)F)OC4CCN(CC4)C(=O)C=C", ["Poziotinib has been used in trials studying the treatment of Breast Cancer, Metastatic Breast Cancer, Increased Drug Resistance, Adenocarcinoma of Lung Stage IV, and Adenocarcinoma of Lung Stage IIIB, among others.", "Poziotinib is an orally bioavailable, quinazoline-based, irreversible pan-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR or HER) inhibitor, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, poziotinib inhibits EGFR (HER1 or ErbB1), HER2 and HER4, thereby inhibiting proliferation of tumor cells in which these receptors are overexpressed and/or mutated. EGFRs, cell surface receptor tyrosine kinases upregulated or mutated in a variety of cancer cell types, play key roles in cellular proliferation and survival."]], ["Filorexant", "C[C@@H]1CC[C@H](CN1C(=O)C2=C(C=CC(=C2)C)C3=NC=CC=N3)COC4=NC=C(C=C4)F", ["Filorexant has been used in trials studying the prevention and treatment of Migraine, Headache, Polysomnography, Diabetic Neuropathy, Painful, and Major Depressive Disorder, Recurrent."]], ["4-Chloro-N-[5-methyl-2-[7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4-carbonyl]-3-pyridyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzenesulfonamide", "CC1=CC(=C(N=C1)C(=O)C2=C3C=CNC3=NC=N2)NS(=O)(=O)C4=CC(=C(C=C4)Cl)C(F)(F)F", ["CCX-140 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01440257 (A Study to Evaluate the Effect of CCX140-B on Urinary Albumin Excretion in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes and Albuminuria)."]], ["N2-[2-Methoxy-4-[4-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-1-piperidinyl]phenyl]-N4-[2-[(1-methylethyl)sulfonyl]phenyl]-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine", "CC(C)S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1NC2=NC(=NC=N2)NC3=C(C=C(C=C3)N4CCC(CC4)N5CCN(CC5)C)OC", ["ASP-3026 is a member of the class of diamino-1,3,5-triazines that is 1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine in which the amino groups at positions 2 and 4 are respectively carrying 2-methoxy-4-[4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)piperidin-1-yl]phenyl and 2-(propan-2-ylsulfonyl)phenyl substituents. It is a potent inhibitor of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), Ack and ROS1 activity (IC50 values are 3.5, 5.8 and 8.9 nM respectively) and exhibits anti-cancer properties. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent, an apoptosis inducer, an EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor, an antimalarial and an EC 6.1.1.6 (lysine--tRNA ligase) inhibitor. It is a secondary amino compound, a monomethoxybenzene, a N-methylpiperazine, an aromatic amine, a diamino-1,3,5-triazine, a member of piperidines and a sulfone.", "ASP3026 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Solid Tumor, B-Cell Lymphoma, Advanced Malignancies, Positive for Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase, and Positive for Proto-Oncogene Tyrosine-Protein Kinase ROS.", "ALK Inhibitor ASP3026 is an orally available, small molecule inhibitor of the receptor tyrosine kinase anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, ASP3026 binds to and inhibits ALK tyrosine kinase, ALK fusion proteins and ALK point mutation variants. Inhibition of ALK leads to the disruption of ALK-mediated signaling and the inhibition of cell growth in ALK-expressing tumor cells. ALK belongs to the insulin receptor superfamily and plays an important role in nervous system development. ALK is not expressed in healthy adult human tissue but ALK dysregulation and gene rearrangements are associated with a series of tumors. Additionally, ALK mutations are associated with acquired resistance to small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors."]], ["2-Methyspiro(1,3-oxathiolane-5,3)quinuclidine", "CC1O[C@]2(CN3CCC2CC3)CS1", ["Cevimeline is a member of quinuclidines and an oxathiolane. It has a role as a muscarinic agonist.", "Cevimeline is a parasympathomimetic agent that act as an agonist at the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors M1 and M3. It is indicated by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of dry mouth associated with Sj\u00f6gren's syndrome.", "Cevimeline is an orally available cholinergic agonist that is used to treat symptoms of dry mouth in patients with keratoconjunctivitis sicca (Sj\u00f6gren syndrome). Cevimeline has not been linked to serum enzyme elevations during therapy or to instances of clinically apparent liver injury.", "Cevimeline is a cholinergic analogue with glandular secretion stimulatory activity. Cevimeline binds to and activates muscarinic receptors, thereby increasing the secretions in exocrine salivary and sweat glands. This cholinergic agonist also increases the tone of smooth muscle in the gastrointestinal and urinary tracts. Cevimeline is being studied as a treatment for dry mouth caused by radiation therapy to the head and neck."]], ["Prochlorperazine bimaleate", "[H+].[H+].[H+].[H+].CN1CCN(CC1)CCCN2C3=C(SC4=CC=CC=C24)C=CC(=C3)Cl.C(=C\\C(=O)[O-])\\C(=O)[O-].C(=C\\C(=O)[O-])\\C(=O)[O-]", ["Prochlorperazine maleate is a maleate salt. It contains a prochlorperazine.", "Prochlorperazine Maleate is the maleate salt form of prochlorperazine, a synthetic, piperazine phenothiazine derivative with antiemetic, antipsychotic, antihistaminic, and anticholinergic activities. Prochlorperazine binds to and blocks the postsynaptic dopamine D2-receptor in the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) of the brain and may prevent chemotherapy-induced emesis. Prochlorperazine maleate also blocks anticholinergic and alpha-adrenergic receptors. Its antagonistic actions on the alpha-1 adrenergic receptors results in sedation, muscle relaxation, and hypotension.", "A phenothiazine antipsychotic used principally in the treatment of NAUSEA; VOMITING; and VERTIGO. It is more likely than CHLORPROMAZINE to cause EXTRAPYRAMIDAL DISORDERS. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p612)"]], ["(+-)-1-(p-((2-Isopropoxyethoxy)methyl)phenoxy)-3-isopropylamino-2-propanol hemifumarate", "[H+].[H+].CC(C)NCC(COC1=CC=C(C=C1)COCCOC(C)C)O.CC(C)NCC(COC1=CC=C(C=C1)COCCOC(C)C)O.C(=C/C(=O)[O-])\\C(=O)[O-]", ["Bisoprolol fumarate is a fumarate salt. It contains a bisoprolol.", "Bisoprolol Fumarate is the fumarate salt of a synthetic phenoxy-2-propanol-derived cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic receptor antagonist with antihypertensive and potential cardioprotective activities. Devoid of intrinsic sympathomimetic activity, bisoprolol selectively and competitively binds to and blocks beta-1 adrenergic receptors in the heart, decreasing cardiac contractility and rate, reducing cardiac output, and lowering blood pressure. In addition, this agent may exhibit antihypertensive activity through the inhibition of renin secretion by juxtaglomerular epithelioid (JGE) cells in the kidney, thus inhibiting activation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). Bisoprolol has been shown to be cardioprotective in animal models.", "A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic blocker. It is effective in the management of HYPERTENSION and ANGINA PECTORIS."]], ["Bicillin L-A", "CC1([C@@H](N2[C@H](S1)[C@@H](C2=O)NC(=O)CC3=CC=CC=C3)C(=O)[O-])C.CC1([C@@H](N2[C@H](S1)[C@@H](C2=O)NC(=O)CC3=CC=CC=C3)C(=O)[O-])C.C1=CC=C(C=C1)C[NH2+]CC[NH2+]CC2=CC=CC=C2", ["Benzylpenicillin benzathine is a benzathine(2+) salt in which the counter anions are benzylpenicillin(1-). Drug-of-choice when prolonged low concentrations of benzylpenicillin are required and appropriate. It contains a benzylpenicillin(1-).", "Semisynthetic antibiotic prepared by combining the sodium salt of penicillin G with N,N'-dibenzylethylenediamine."]], ["Selexid", "[H+].CC1([C@@H](N2[C@H](S1)[C@@H](C2=O)N=CN3CCCCCC3)C(=O)OCOC(=O)C(C)(C)C)C.[Cl-]", ["Pivmecillinam hydrochloride is a hydrochloride. It contains a pivmecillinam.", "Pivaloyloxymethyl ester of amdinocillin that is well absorbed orally, but broken down to amdinocillin in the intestinal mucosa. It is active against gram-negative organisms and used as for amdinocillin."]], ["Entrectinib", "CN1CCN(CC1)C2=CC(=C(C=C2)C(=O)NC3=NNC4=C3C=C(C=C4)CC5=CC(=CC(=C5)F)F)NC6CCOCC6", ["Entrectinib is a tropomyosin receptor tyrosine kinase (TRK) TRKA, TRKB, TRKC, proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase ROS1, and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitor. It was approved by the FDA in August 2019 for use in the treatment of ROS1-positive metastatic non-small cell lung cancer and NTRK gene fusion positive solid tumors. Entrectinib's approved use is meant as a last line of therapy due to its accelerated approval based on early trial data. This therapy offers benefit over similar ALK inhibitors such as [alectinib], [ceritinib], and [lorlatinib] due to a wider range of targets.", "Entrectinib is an oral selective inhibitor of the neurotrophic T receptor kinase (NTRK) and ROS1 that is used to treat solid tumors with NTRK gene fusion and non-small cell lung cancer with ROS1 mutations. Serum aminotransferase elevations are common during therapy but clinically apparent liver injury is rare, although it has been reported.", "Entrectinib is an orally bioavailable inhibitor of the tyrosine kinases tropomyosin receptor kinases (Trk) A, B and C, C-ros oncogene 1 (ROS1) and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, entrectinib binds to and inhibits TrkA, TrkB, TrkC, ROS1 and ALK. Inhibition of these kinases may result in a disruption of TrkA-, TrkB-, TrkC-, ROS1-, and ALK-mediated signaling. This leads to an induction of apoptosis and an inhibition of tumor cell proliferation in tumor cells that express these kinases. TrkA, TrkB, TrkC, ROS1 and ALK are overexpressed in a variety of cancer cell types."]], ["[(1S,4R,6R,7Z,14S,18R)-4-(cyclopropylsulfonylcarbamoyl)-14-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxycarbonylamino]-2,15-dioxo-3,16-diazatricyclo[14.3.0.04,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl] 4-fluoro-1,3-dihydroisoindole-2-carboxylate", "CC(C)(C)OC(=O)N[C@H]1CCCCC/C=C\\[C@H]2C[C@]2(NC(=O)[C@@H]3C[C@H](CN3C1=O)OC(=O)N4CC5=C(C4)C(=CC=C5)F)C(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C6CC6", ["Danoprevir is an orally bioavailable, peptidomimetic inhibitor of hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS3/4A protease, with antiviral activity against HCV and potential antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2. Upon oral administration, danoprevir binds to and blocks the activity of HCV NS3/4A protease. This prevents the cleavage and processing of HCV viral proteins leading to the inhibition of HCV replication. Danoprevir may also bind to and block of the activity of SARS-CoV-2 protease. This prevents the cleavage and processing of SARS-CoV-2 viral proteins leading to the inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 replication. NS3/4A, a chymotrypsin-like serine protease, is responsible for cleavage at four sites of the HCV polyprotein to form the viral proteins required for HCV replication. It plays a key role in the HCV viral replication process. HCV infection is associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A chymotrypsin-like protease is responsible for cleavage of the SARS-CoV-2 viral polyprotein to form the RNA replicase-transcriptase complex, which plays a key role in the SARS-CoV-2 viral transcription and replication process."]], ["Deupirfenidone", "[2H]C([2H])([2H])C1=CN(C(=O)C=C1)C2=CC=CC=C2", ["Deupirfenidone is an orally bioavailable and deuterated form of the synthetic antifibrotic agent pirfenidone, with potential anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic activities. Upon administration, deupirfenidone inhibits a variety of pro-inflammatory mediators, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-b). This may reduce fibrosis, inflammation and infection, and may repair the impaired lymphatic flow, decrease lymphedema and restore lymphatic function. In the lungs, deupirfenidone may abrogate impaired lung function, lymphoedema and pulmonary fibrosis."]], ["Bradanicline", "C1CN2CCC1[C@H]([C@@H]2CC3=CN=CC=C3)NC(=O)C4=CC5=CC=CC=C5O4", ["Bradanicline, a novel small molecule that modulates the activity of the neuronal nicotinic receptor (NNR) subtype known as alpha7(\u03b17). Bradanicline belongs to a new class of drugs for the treatment of central nervous system diseases and disorders."]], ["Pexidartinib", "C1=CC(=NC=C1CC2=CNC3=C2C=C(C=N3)Cl)NCC4=CN=C(C=C4)C(F)(F)F", ["Pexidartinib is a pyrrolopyridine that is 5-chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine which is substituted by a [6-({[6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl]methyl}amino)pyridin-3-yl]methyl group at position 3. It is a potent multi-targeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor of CSF-1R, KIT, and FLT3 (IC50 of 20 nM, 10 nM and 160 nM, respectively). Approved by the FDA for the treatment of adult patients with symptomatic tenosynovial giant cell tumor (TGCT). It has a role as an EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor and an antineoplastic agent. It is a pyrrolopyridine, an organochlorine compound, an aminopyridine, an organofluorine compound and a secondary amino compound.", "Pexidartinib is a selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor that works by inhibiting the colony-stimulating factor (CSF1)/CSF1 receptor pathway. Pexidartinib was originally developed by Daiichi Sankyo, Inc. and it was approved by the FDA in August 2019 as the first systemic therapy for adult patients with symptomatic tenosynovial giant cell tumor. Tenosynovial giant cell tumor is a rare form of non-malignant tumor that causes the synovium and tendon sheaths to thicken and overgrow, leading to damage in surrounding joint tissue. Debilitating symptoms often follow with tenosynovial giant cell tumors, along with a risk of significant functional limitations and a reduced quality of life in patients.  While surgical resection is a current standard of care for tenosynovial giant cell tumor, there are tumor types where surgeries are deemed clinically ineffective with a high risk of lifetime recurrence. Pexidartinib works by blocking the immune responses that are activated in tenosynovial giant cell tumors. In clinical trials, pexidartinib was shown to promote improvements in patient symptoms and functional outcomes in TGCT. Pexidartinib is available in oral formulations and it is commonly marketed as Turalio.", "Pexidartinib is an orally available small molecule multi-kinase inhibitor that is used as an antineoplastic agent in the treatment of tenosynovial giant cell tumors. Pexidartinib is associated with a high rates of serum aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase elevations during therapy and has been implicated in several cases of clinically apparent liver injury marked by progressive intrahepatic bile duct injury, some of which resulted in liver transplantation or were fatal.", "Pexidartinib is a small-molecule receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibitor of proto-oncogene receptor tyrosine kinase (KIT), colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF1R) and FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3), with antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, pexidartinib targets, binds to and inhibits phosphorylation of KIT, CSF1R and FLT3 harboring an internal tandem duplication (ITD) mutation. This results in the inhibition of tumor cell proliferation. FLT3, CSF1R and FLT3 are overexpressed or mutated in many cancer cell types and play major roles in tumor cell proliferation and metastasis."]], ["Cobicistat", "CC(C)C1=NC(=CS1)CN(C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCN2CCOCC2)C(=O)N[C@H](CC[C@H](CC3=CC=CC=C3)NC(=O)OCC4=CN=CS4)CC5=CC=CC=C5", ["Cobicistat is a monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2S)-2-({[(2-isopropyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)methyl](methyl)carbamoyl}amino)-4-(morpholin-4-yl)butanoic acid with the amino group of 1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethyl [(2R,5R)-5-amino-1,6-diphenylhexan-2-yl]carbamate. Acts as a pharmacoenhancer in treatment of HIV-1 by inhibiting P450 enzymes that metabolise other medications.. It has a role as a P450 inhibitor. It is a member of 1,3-thiazoles, a member of morpholines, a member of ureas, a carbamate ester and a monocarboxylic acid amide.", "Cobicistat (brand name: Tybost) is a prescription medicine approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in adults and children along with the HIV medicines atazanavir (brand name Reyataz) or darunavir (brand name Prezista). Cobicistat is not active against HIV and is only used as a pharmacokinetic enhancer to boost the activity of other HIV medicines.", "Cobicistat, marketed under the name Tybost (formerly GS-9350), indicated for treating infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Although it does not have any anti-HIV activity, cobicistat acts as a pharmacokinetic enhancer by inhibiting cytochrome P450 3A isoforms (CYP3A) and therefore increases the systemic exposure of coadministered agents that are metabolized by CYP3A enzymes. More specifically, cobicistat is indicated to increase systemic exposure of atazanavir or darunavir (once daily dosing regimen) in combination with other antiretroviral agents in the treatment of HIV-1 infection. Increasing systemic exposure of anti-retrovirals (ARVs) without increasing dosage allows for better treatment outcomes and a decreased side effect profile.", "Cobicistat is a Cytochrome P450 3A Inhibitor. The mechanism of action of cobicistat is as a Cytochrome P450 3A Inhibitor, and P-Glycoprotein Inhibitor, and Cytochrome P450 2D6 Inhibitor, and Organic Anion Transporting Polypeptide 1B1 Inhibitor, and Organic Anion Transporting Polypeptide 1B3 Inhibitor, and Breast Cancer Resistance Protein Inhibitor, and Multidrug and Toxin Extrusion Transporter 1 Inhibitor.", "Cobicistat is a cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) inhibitor that can be used to enhance the pharmacokinetic profile of certain anti-HIV-1 agents. Upon administration, cobicistat inhibits the liver enzyme CYP3A4 and limits the breakdown of co-administered agents that are metabolized by CYP3A4, and increases the concentration, systemic exposure and efficacy of the co-administered agent.", "A carbamate and thiazole derivative that functions as a CYTOCHROME P450 CYP3A INHIBITOR to enhance the concentration of ANTI-HIV AGENTS, with which it is used in combination, for the treatment of HIV INFECTIONS."]], ["(r)-2-(1-(6-Amino-5-chloropyrimidine-4-carboxamido)ethyl)-n-(5-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)thiazole-5-carboxamide", "C[C@H](C1=NC=C(S1)C(=O)NC2=NC=C(C(=C2)C(F)(F)F)Cl)NC(=O)C3=C(C(=NC=N3)N)Cl", ["TAK-580 is a 1,3-thiazolecarboxamide that is 2-[(1R)-1-aminoethyl]-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylic acid in which the carboxy group undergoes formal condensation with the amino group of 5-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-amine and in which the amino group undergoes formal condensation with the carboxy group of 6-amino-5-chloropyrimidine-4-carboxylic acid. It is a pan-RAF kinase inhibitor which is currently in clinical development for the treatment of radiographically recurrent or progressive low-grade glioma in children and young adults. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent, an apoptosis inducer and a B-Raf inhibitor. It is a chloropyridine, an organofluorine compound, a secondary carboxamide, an aminopyrimidine, a pyrimidinecarboxamide and a 1,3-thiazolecarboxamide.", "Tovorafenib (TAK-580) is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02723006 (Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacodynamics of Investigational Treatments in Combination With Standard of Care Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Participants With Advanced Melanoma).", "Tovorafenib is an orally available inhibitor of wild-type and certain mutant forms of A-Raf, B-Raf and C-Raf protein kinases, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, tovorafenib inhibits Raf-mediated signal transduction pathways, which may lead to an inhibition of tumor cell growth. Raf protein kinases play a key role in the RAF/MEK/ERK signaling pathway, which is often deregulated in human cancers and plays a key role in tumor cell proliferation and survival."]], ["Litronesib", "CCNCCS(=O)(=O)NC[C@@]1(N(N=C(S1)NC(=O)C(C)(C)C)C(=O)C(C)(C)C)C2=CC=CC=C2", ["Litronesib has been used in trials studying the treatment of Solid Tumors, Ovarian Cancer, Gastric Cancer, Prostate Cancer, and Acute Leukaemia, among others.", "Litronesib is an inhibitor of the kinesin-related motor protein Eg5 with potential antineoplastic activity. Litronesib selectively inhibits the activity of Eg5, which may result in mitotic disruption, apoptosis and consequently cell death in tumor cells that are actively dividing. The ATP-dependent Eg5 kinesin-related motor protein (also known as KIF11 or kinesin spindle protein-5) is a plus-end directed kinesin motor protein that plays an essential role during mitosis, particularly in the regulation of spindle dynamics, including assembly and maintenance."]], ["Vedroprevir", "CC[C@@H]1C[C@@]1(C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@@H]2C[C@H](CN2C(=O)[C@H](C(C)(C)C)NC(=O)OC3C[C@H]4C[C@H]4C3)OC5=CC(=NC6=C5C=CC(=C6Cl)OCCN7CCOCC7)C8=CSC(=N8)NC(C)C", ["Vedroprevir has been investigated for the treatment of Hepatitis C, Chronic."]], ["(123I)-(S)-2-(3-((S)-1-Carboxy-5-(3-(4-iodophenyl)ureido)pentyl)ureido)pentanedioic acid", "C1=CC(=CC=C1NC(=O)NCCCC[C@@H](C(=O)O)NC(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)O)[123I]", ["123 I Mip 1095 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT00712829 (Study to Evaluate the Safety, Pharmacokinetics, Tissue Distribution, Metabolism and Dosimetry of Two Prostate Cancer Imaging Agents).", "Iodine I-123 MIP-1095 is an iodine 123-radiolabeled small molecule that exhibits high affinity for prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) with potential use in molecular imaging. 123-I-MIP-1095, a radiolabeled glutamate-urea-lysine analogue, selectively binds PSMA, which allows imaging of PSMA-expressing prostate cancer cells with gamma scintigraphy. PSMA is a transmembrane glycoprotein highly expressed by malignant prostate epithelial cells and vascular endothelial cells of various solid tumors."]], ["Naproxen etemesil", "C[C@@H](C1=CC2=C(C=C1)C=C(C=C2)OC)C(=O)OCCS(=O)(=O)C", ["Naproxen etemesil has been used in trials studying the treatment of Osteoarthritis."]], ["Tepotinib", "CN1CCC(CC1)COC2=CN=C(N=C2)C3=CC=CC(=C3)CN4C(=O)C=CC(=N4)C5=CC=CC(=C5)C#N", ["Tepotinib is a MET tyrosine kinase inhibitor intended to treat a variety of MET-overexpressing solid tumors. It was originally developed in partnership between EMD Serono and the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center in 2009 and has since been investigated in the treatment of neuroblastoma, gastric cancers, non-small cell lung cancer, and hepatocellular carcinoma. MET is a desirable target in the treatment of certain solid tumors as it appears to play a critical role, both directly and indirectly, in the growth and proliferation of tumors in which it is overexpressed and/or mutated.  Tepotinib was first approved in Japan in March 2020 for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) with MET alterations, and was subsequently granted accelerated approval by the US FDA in February 2021, under the brand name Tepmetko, for the treatment of adult patients with metastatic NSCLC and MET exon 14 skipping alterations. It is the first oral MET-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor to allow for once-daily dosing, an advantage that may aid in easing the pill burden often associated with chemotherapeutic regimens. In February 2022, tepotinib was approved for use in Europe.", "Tepotinib is a Kinase Inhibitor. The mechanism of action of tepotinib is as a Mesenchymal Epithelial Transition Inhibitor, and P-Glycoprotein Inhibitor.", "Tepotinib is an orally bioavailable inhibitor of MET tyrosine kinase with potential antineoplastic activity. Tepotinib selectively binds to MET tyrosine kinase and disrupts MET signal transduction pathways, which may induce apoptosis in tumor cells overexpressing this kinase. The receptor tyrosine kinase MET (also known as hepatocyte growth factor receptor or HGFR), is the product of the proto-oncogene c-Met and is overexpressed or mutated in many tumor cell types; this protein plays key roles in tumor cell proliferation, survival, invasion, and metastasis, and tumor angiogenesis."]], ["Temanogrel hydrochloride", "CN1C(=CC=N1)C2=C(C=CC(=C2)NC(=O)C3=CC(=CC=C3)OC)OCCN4CCOCC4.Cl", ["Temanogrel Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of temanogrel, an orally bioavailable, selective inverse agonist of 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A (5-HT2A), with potential anti-thrombotic and vasodilating activities. Upon oral administration, temanogrel targets, binds to and inhibits 5-HT2A expressed on platelet surfaces and in smooth muscle cells, thereby inhibiting 5-HT-mediated platelet aggregation and vasoconstriction. This may attenuate platelet aggregation and vasoconstriction, and improve blood flow."]], ["Glesatinib", "COCCNCC1=CN=C(C=C1)C2=CC3=NC=CC(=C3S2)OC4=C(C=C(C=C4)NC(=S)NC(=O)CC5=CC=C(C=C5)F)F", ["Glesatinib is an orally bioavailable, small-molecule, multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor with potential antineoplastic activity. Glesatinib binds to and inhibits the phosphorylation of several receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), including the c-Met receptor (hepatocyte growth factor receptor); the Tek/Tie-2 receptor; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) types 1, 2, and 3; and the macrophage-stimulating 1 receptor (MST1R or RON). Inhibition of these RTKs and their downstream signaling pathways may result in the inhibition of tumor angiogenesis and tumor cell proliferation in tumors overexpressing these RTKs."]], ["Telotristat ethyl", "CCOC(=O)[C@H](CC1=CC=C(C=C1)C2=CC(=NC(=N2)N)O[C@H](C3=C(C=C(C=C3)Cl)N4C=CC(=N4)C)C(F)(F)F)N", ["Telotristat ethyl is a prodrug of telotristat that was approved by the FDA in March 2017 as Xermelo. It was previously referred to as telotristat etiprate, the hippurate salt form; however, the FDA recommends the use of the name of the neutral form rather than that of the salt. Currently, telotristat ethyl is used to treat carcinoid syndrome diarrhea from neuroendocrine tumors that are inadequately controlled by short-acting somatostatin analog (SSA) treatment.   Neuroendocrine cells are cells that secrete regulatory peptides and biogenic amines in response to chemical, neural, or other types of stimuli. Neuroendocrine tumors (NET) arising from these cells can therefore secrete chemical mediators into the bloodstream to cause side effects in distant sites, a phenomenon called carcinoid syndrome. The most common peptides and amines secreted by NET are histamines, tachykinins, kallikrein, and serotonin. Overexposure to serotonin can cause severe diarrhea, one of the main clinical symptoms of carcinoid syndrome. Serotonin is metabolized in the urinary metabolite 5-hydroxy indole acetic acid (u5-HIAA), and high levels of u5-HIAA is associated with poor survival outcome in patients with NET. The first line treatment of carcinoid syndrome diarrhea is SSA, but symptoms still reoccur over the course of the disease.", "Telotristat Ethyl is the ethyl ester form of telotristat, a tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) inhibitor, with potential anti-serotonergic activity. Upon administration, telotristat binds to and inhibits the activity of TPH. This may result in a reduction in peripheral serotonin (5-HT) production and improvement of serotonin-mediated gastrointestinal effects such as severe diarrhea. TPH, the rate-limiting enzyme in serotonin biosynthesis, is overexpressed in carcinoid tumor cells."]], ["Urea, N-[6-[[6-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-b]pyridazin-3-yl]thio]-2-benzothiazolyl]-N'-[2-(4-morpholinyl)ethyl]-", "C1COCCN1CCNC(=O)NC2=NC3=C(S2)C=C(C=C3)SC4=NN=C5N4N=C(C=C5)C6=CC=C(C=C6)F", ["SAR-125844 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01391533 (Study of SAR125844 Single Agent Administered as Slow Intravenous Infusion in Adult Patients With Advanced Malignant Solid Tumors).", "MET Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor SAR125844 is an inhibitor of the proto-oncogene c-Met (also known as hepatocyte growth factor receptor (HGFR)) with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon intravenous administration, c-Met inhibitor SAR125844 binds to c-Met, thereby disrupting c-Met-mediated signal transduction pathways. This may result in cell growth inhibition in tumors that overexpress c-Met. c-Met, a receptor tyrosine kinase overexpressed or mutated in a variety of cancers, plays an important role in tumor cell proliferation, survival, invasion, metastasis and tumor angiogenesis."]], ["Quizartinib dihydrochloride", "CC(C)(C)C1=CC(=NO1)NC(=O)NC2=CC=C(C=C2)C3=CN4C5=C(C=C(C=C5)OCCN6CCOCC6)SC4=N3.Cl.Cl", ["Quizartinib Dihydrochloride is the dihydrochloride salt form of quizartinib, an orally available small molecule with potential antineoplastic activity. Quizartinib selectively inhibits class III receptor tyrosine kinases, including FMS-related tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3/STK1), colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R/FMS), stem cell factor receptor (SCFR/KIT), and platelet derived growth factor receptors (PDGFRs), resulting in inhibition of ligand-independent leukemic cell proliferation and apoptosis. Mutations in FLT3, resulting in constitutive activation, are the most frequent genetic alterations in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and occur in approximately one-third of AML cases."]], ["Contezolid", "C1CN(C=CC1=O)C2=C(C=C(C(=C2F)F)N3C[C@@H](OC3=O)CNC4=NOC=C4)F", ["MRX-I has been used in trials studying the treatment of Bacterial Infections."]], ["Amcasertib", "CCN(CC)CCNC(=O)C1=C(NC(=C1C)/C=C\\2/C3=C(C=CC(=C3)C4=CSC(=N4)C5=CC=CC=C5)NC2=O)C", ["Amcasertib is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02483247 (A Study of BBI503 in Combination With Selected Anti-Cancer Therapeutics in Adult Patients With Advanced Cancer).", "Amcasertib is an orally available cancer cell stemness kinase inhibitor with potential antineoplastic activity. Even though the exact target has not been fully elucidated, amcasertib targets and inhibits one or more pathways involved in cancer stem cell survival. As a result, cancer stem cell (CSC) growth as well as heterogeneous cancer cell growth is inhibited. CSCs, self-replicating cells able to differentiate into heterogeneous cancer cells, appear to be responsible for both tumor relapse and metastasis."]], ["Donafenib", "[2H]C([2H])([2H])NC(=O)C1=NC=CC(=C1)OC2=CC=C(C=C2)NC(=O)NC3=CC(=C(C=C3)Cl)C(F)(F)F", ["CM-4307 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03602495 (Donafenib in 131I-Refractory Differentiated Thyroid Cancer).", "Donafenib is an orally available multikinase inhibitor that targets Raf kinase and various receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, donafenib binds to and blocks the activity of Raf kinase, and inhibits Raf-mediated signal transduction pathways. This inhibits cell proliferation in Raf-expressing tumor cells. In addition, this agent may inhibit unidentified RTKs, and thus may further block tumor cell proliferation in susceptible tumor cells. Raf, a serine/threonine protein kinase, plays a key role in the Raf/mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway. Deregulation of this pathway often results in tumor cell proliferation and survival."]], ["Iofolastat (123I)", "C1=CC(=CC=C1CNCCCC[C@@H](C(=O)O)NC(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)O)[123I]", ["Iofolastat I-123 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT00992745 (A Phase I Pilot Study Comparing 123I MIP 1072 Versus 111In Capromab Pendetide in Subjects With Metastatic Prostate Cancer).", "Iofolastat I123 is an iodine 123-radiolabeled small molecule that exhibits high affinity for prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) with potential use in molecular imaging. Iofolastat I123, a radiolabeled glutamate-urea-lysine analogue, selectively binds PSMA, which allows imaging of PSMA-expressing prostate cancer cells with gamma scintigraph. PSMA is a transmembrane glycoprotein highly expressed by malignant prostate epithelial cells and vascular endothelial cells of various solid tumors."]], ["Pomaglumetad methionil", "CSCC[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@]1(CS(=O)(=O)[C@@H]2[C@H]1[C@H]2C(=O)O)C(=O)O)N", ["LY2140023 is an investigational drug from Lilly, which is being developed as a new treatment option for schizophrenia. LY2140023 is an oral \"prodrug,\" meaning it is devoid of intrinsic biological activity and, once administered, is metabolized to provide the active mGlu2/3 receptor agonist called LY404039. Most currently approved antipsychotic medications work by affecting the neurotransmitters dopamine or serotonin. For LY2140023, the active substance, LY404039, is thought to work by reducing the presynaptic release of another neurotransmitter, glutamate, in brain regions where mGlu2/3 receptors are expressed. Further studies are planned or are ongoing to learn more about the safety and effectiveness, including determining an optimal therapeutic dose for LY2140023."]], ["(S)-N-((1-(5-(4-Fluorophenyl)-2-methylthiazole-4-carbonyl)piperidin-2-yl)methyl)benzofuran-4-carboxamide", "CC1=NC(=C(S1)C2=CC=C(C=C2)F)C(=O)N3CCCC[C@H]3CNC(=O)C4=C5C=COC5=CC=C4", ["SB-649868 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01030939 (Study to Investigate Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics and Cardiac Function After Repeat Doses of SB-649868 in Healthy-volunteers)."]], ["Bexagliflozin", "C1CC1OCCOC2=CC=C(C=C2)CC3=C(C=CC(=C3)[C@H]4[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O4)CO)O)O)O)Cl", ["Bexagliflozin is under investigation for the treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Bexagliflozin has been investigated for the treatment of Diabetes Mellitus and Type2 Diabetes Mellitus."]], ["CID 25199580", "C1CC(C1)(C(=O)O)C(=O)O.N.N.[Pt]", ["An organoplatinum compound that possesses antineoplastic activity."]], ["CID 25199925", "C(C(=O)O)O.N.N.[Pt]", ["Nedaplatin is a second-generation cisplatin analogue with antineoplastic activity. Containing a novel ring structure in which glycolate is bound to the platinum by a bidentate ligand, nedaplatin forms reactive platinum complexes that bind to nucelophillic groups in DNA, resulting in intrastrand and interstrand DNA cross-links, apoptosis and cell death. This agent appears to be less nephrotoxic and neurotoxic compared to both cisplatin and carboplatin."]], ["Cytidine diphosphate choline", "C[N+](C)(C)CCOP(=O)([O-])OP(=O)([O-])OC[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O1)N2C=CC(=NC2=O)N)O)O", ["CDP-choline(1-) is conjugate base of CDP-choline(1+) arising from deprotonation of the diphosphate function. It is a conjugate base of a CDP-choline(1+).", "Citicoline is a nutritional supplement and source of choline and cytidine with potential neuroprotective and nootropic activity. Citicoline, also known as cytidine-5-diphosphocholine or CDP-choline, is hydrolyzed into cytidine and choline in the intestine. Following absorption, both cytidine and choline are dispersed, utilized in various biosynthesis pathways, and cross the blood-brain barrier for resynthesis into citicoline in the brain, which is the rate-limiting product in the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine. This agent also increases acetylcholine (Ach), norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine levels in the central nervous system (CNS). In addition, citicoline is involved in the preservation of sphingomyelin and cardiolipin and the restoration of Na+/K+-ATPase activity. Citicoline also increases glutathione synthesis and glutathione reductase activity, and exerts antiapoptotic effects.", "Donor of choline in biosynthesis of choline-containing phosphoglycerides."]], ["Aminomux", "C(C[NH3+])C(O)(P(=O)(O)[O-])P(=O)(O)[O-]", ["An aminobisphosphonate that inhibits BONE RESORPTION and is used for the treatment of osteolytic lesions, bone pain, and severe HYPERCALCEMIA associated with malignancies."]], ["Gadoxetate", "[H+].[H+].CCOC1=CC=C(C=C1)C[C@@H](CN(CCN(CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])N(CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-].[Gd+3]", ["Gadoxetic acid is a Paramagnetic Contrast Agent. The mechanism of action of gadoxetic acid is as a Magnetic Resonance Contrast Activity."]], ["1H-Indole-3-carboxylic acid, 6-[4-[[5-cyclopropyl-3-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-4-isoxazolyl]methoxy]-1-piperidinyl]-1-methyl-", "CN1C=C(C2=C1C=C(C=C2)N3CCC(CC3)OCC4=C(ON=C4C5=C(C=CC=C5Cl)Cl)C6CC6)C(=O)O", ["TERN-101 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT04328077 (LIFT Study: A Safety, Tolerability, Efficacy, and Pharmacokinetics Study of TERN-101 in Subjects With Non-cirrhotic Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH))."]], ["1-{1-[(5-methoxy-1H-indol-2-yl)carbonyl]piperidin-4-yl}-2-methylpropan-2-ol", "CC(C)(CC1CCN(CC1)C(=O)C2=CC3=C(N2)C=CC(=C3)OC)O", ["17beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 5 Inhibitor ASP9521 is a selective, orally bioavailable inhibitor of 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 5 (17bHSD5, aldo-keto reductase 1C3; AKR1C3), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, ASP9521 selectively binds to and inhibits the activity of 17bHSD5. This prevents the conversion of the adrenal androgens dehydroepiandrosterone and androstenedione into 5-androstenediol and testosterone. By blocking testosterone production, ASP9521 may inhibit the growth of testosterone-dependent cancers such as castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). 17bHSD5, expressed both in normal prostate tissue and in prostate cancer (PC), plays a crucial role in persistent production of androgens despite castration; its expression is associated with increased malignancy of PC."]], ["Sitravatinib", "COCCNCC1=CN=C(C=C1)C2=CC3=NC=CC(=C3S2)OC4=C(C=C(C=C4)NC(=O)C5(CC5)C(=O)NC6=CC=C(C=C6)F)F", ["Sitravatinib is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03680521 (Neoadjuvant Sitravatinib in Combination With Nivolumab in Patients With Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma).", "Sitravatinib is an orally bioavailable, receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibitor with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, sitravatinib binds to and inhibits the activity of several RTKs including hepatocyte growth factor receptor (HGFR; c-Met; MET), tyrosine-protein kinase receptor UFO (AXL receptor tyrosine kinase; AXL), mast/stem cell growth factor receptor (SCFR; c-kit; KIT), the receptor tyrosine kinase MER, discoidin domain receptor 2 (DDR2), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) types 1 (VEGFR-1; FLT1), 2 (VEGFR-2; KDR; Flk-1) and 3 (VEGFR-3), members of the platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) family, RET (rearranged during transfection), tropomyosin-related kinases (TRK) and members of the ephrin (Eph) family of receptor tyrosine kinases. This may result in both the inhibition of signal transduction pathways mediated by these RTKs and the reduction of tumor cell proliferation in cancer cell types that overexpress these RTKs."]], ["CID 25212181", "C1C(O1)CCl.C(CCN(CCCN)CCCN)CN(CCCN)CCCN", ["Bixalomer is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01115985 (A Study to Assess the Effect of ASP1585 on Pharmacokinetics of Atorvastatin in Healthy Volunteers)."]], ["Emixustat", "C1CCC(CC1)COC2=CC=CC(=C2)[C@@H](CCN)O", ["Emixustat has been used in trials studying the treatment of Geographic Atrophy, Age-Related Macular Degeneration, and Dry Age-related Macular Degeneration."]], ["Ioforminol", "C(C(CO)O)NC(=O)C1=C(C(=C(C(=C1I)N(CC(CN(C=O)C2=C(C(=C(C(=C2I)C(=O)NCC(CO)O)I)C(=O)NCC(CO)O)I)O)C=O)I)C(=O)NCC(CO)O)I", ["Ioforminol has been used in trials studying the diagnostic of Cardio Renal Safety in High-risk Elderly Subjects Undergoing a Coronary CATH With or Without PCI."]], ["N-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-2,2,2-trifluoro-N-[(E)-(3-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]acetamide", "CC1=CC(=C(C=C1)N(C(=O)C(F)(F)F)/N=C/C2=CC(=CC=C2)OC)C", ["J147 is an anilide.", "J147 is an experimental drug with reported effects against both Alzheimer's disease and ageing in mouse models of accelerated aging. It is a curcumin derivative and a potent neurogenic and neuroprotective drug candidate initially developed for the treatment of neurodegenerative conditions associated with aging that impacts many pathways implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy."]], ["5-(4-(2-(3-Methoxyphenyl)-2-oxoethoxy)benzyl)thiazolidine-2,4-dione", "COC1=CC=CC(=C1)C(=O)COC2=CC=C(C=C2)CC3C(=O)NC(=O)S3", ["Azemiglitazone is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01280695 (A Randomized, Double-blind, Comparator- and Placebo-controlled, Multiple-dose Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability and Efficacy of Three Dose Levels of MSDC-0602 in Type 2 Diabetic Patients)."]], ["Edicotinib", "CC1(CCC(=CC1)C2=C(C=CC(=N2)C3CC(OC(C3)(C)C)(C)C)NC(=O)C4=NC=C(N4)C#N)C", ["JNJ-40346527 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Health and Arthritis, Rheumatoid.", "Edicotinib is a small molecule and orally available inhibitor of colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF1R; FMS) with potential antineoplastic activity. Edicotinib blocks the receptor-ligand interaction between FMS and its ligand CSF1, thereby preventing autophosphorylation of FMS. As a result, unphosphorylated FMS can not activate FMS-mediated signaling pathways, thus potentially inhibiting cell proliferation in FMS-overexpressed tumor cells. FMS, a tyrosine kinase receptor, is overexpressed in certain tumor cell types and plays an essential role in macrophage differentiation, recruitment, and activation as well as the regulation of cell proliferation."]], ["Gamitrinib", "C[C@H]1C[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](/C=C(/[C@@H]([C@H](/C=C\\C=C(\\C(=O)NC2=CC(=O)C(=C(C1)C2=O)NCCCCCC[P+](C3=CC=CC=C3)(C4=CC=CC=C4)C5=CC=CC=C5)/C)OC)OC(=O)N)\\C)C)O)OC", ["Gamitrinib is a resorcinolic-based mitochondrial-targeted heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) family inhibitor, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, gamitrinib targets and inhibits the activity of Hsp90 heat shock proteins, such as TNF receptor-associated protein-1 (TRAP1). This induces the accumulation of the mitochondrial kinase PINK1 and the cytosolic E3 ubiquitin (Ub) ligase Parkin, ubiquitylates substrate proteins, and induces PINK1/Parkin-dependent mitophagy. Gamitrinib induces acute mitochondrial dysfunction, loss of membrane potential and membrane rupture leading to the induction of apoptosis in susceptible tumor cells. Hsp90, a chaperone complex protein upregulated in a variety of tumor cell types, regulates the folding and degradation of many oncogenic signaling proteins."]], ["[(1S,3S,5Z,7R,8E,11S,12S,13E,15S,17R,21R,23R)-25-acetyloxy-1,11,21-trihydroxy-17-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-5,13-bis(2-methoxy-2-oxoethylidene)-10,10,26,26-tetramethyl-19-oxo-18,27,28,29-tetraoxatetracyclo[21.3.1.13,7.111,15]nonacos-8-en-12-yl] (2E,4E)-octa-2,4-dienoate", "CCC/C=C/C=C/C(=O)O[C@H]1/C(=C/C(=O)OC)/C[C@H]2C[C@@H](OC(=O)C[C@@H](C[C@@H]3CC(C([C@@](O3)(C[C@@H]4C/C(=C/C(=O)OC)/C[C@@H](O4)/C=C/C([C@@]1(O2)O)(C)C)O)(C)C)OC(=O)C)O)[C@@H](C)O", ["A group of 20-member macrolactones in which there are three remotely substituted pyran rings that are linked by a methylene bridge and an E-disubstituted alkene and have geminal dimethyls at C8 and C18 carbons. Some interact with PROTEIN KINASE C."]], ["Lytixar", "CC(C)(C)C1=CC2=C(C(=C1)C(C)(C)C)NC(=C2C[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCN=C(N)N)C(=O)NCCC3=CC=CC=C3)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCN=C(N)N)N)C(C)(C)C", ["LTX-109 is a tripeptide that is the 2-phenylethyl amide of L-arginyl-2,5,7-tri-tert-butyl-L-tryptophyl-L-arginine It has a role as an antimicrobial agent and a peptidomimetic. It is a tripeptide and a monocarboxylic acid amide.", "LTX-109 has been investigated for the treatment of Atopic Dermatitis, Mild Eczema/Dermatoses, and Gram-positive, Skin Infections."]], ["Solithromycin", "CC[C@@H]1[C@@]2([C@@H]([C@H](C(=O)[C@@H](C[C@@]([C@@H]([C@H](C(=O)[C@](C(=O)O1)(C)F)C)O[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@H](C[C@H](O3)C)N(C)C)O)(C)OC)C)C)N(C(=O)O2)CCCCN4C=C(N=N4)C5=CC(=CC=C5)N)C", ["Solithromycin is a ketolide antibiotic undergoing clinical development for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and other infections."]], ["N-[(3S,6S,9S,11R,20R,21S,24S,25S)-21-(2-aminoethylamino)-3-[(1R)-3-amino-1-hydroxypropyl]-6-[(1S,2S)-1,2-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-11,20,25-trihydroxy-15-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-2,5,8,14,17,23-hexaoxo-1,4,7,13,16,22-hexazatricyclo[22.3.0.09,13]heptacosan-18-yl]-10,12-dimethyltetradecanamide", "CCC(C)CC(C)CCCCCCCCC(=O)NC1C[C@H]([C@H](NC(=O)[C@@H]2[C@H](CCN2C(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H]3C[C@H](CN3C(=O)C(NC1=O)[C@@H](C)O)O)[C@@H]([C@H](C4=CC=C(C=C4)O)O)O)[C@@H](CCN)O)O)NCCN)O", ["Caspofungin is an antimycotic echinocandin lipopeptide, semisynthetically derived from a fermentation product of the fungus Glarea lozoyensis. Caspofungin inhibits 1,3-beta-glucan synthase, resulting in decreased synthesis of beta(1,3)-D-glucan (an essential component of the fungal cell wall), weakening of the fungal cell wall, and fungal cell wall rupture. This agent is active against Aspergillus and Candida species.", "A cyclic lipopeptide echinocandin and beta-(1,3)-D-glucan synthase inhibitor that is used to treat internal or systemic MYCOSES."]], ["Apitolisib", "CC1=C(SC2=C1N=C(N=C2N3CCOCC3)C4=CN=C(N=C4)N)CN5CCN(CC5)C(=O)[C@H](C)O", ["Apitolisib has been used in trials studying the treatment of Solid Cancers, Breast Cancer, Prostate Cancer, Renal Cell Carcinoma, and Endometrial Carcinoma, among others.", "Apitolisib is an orally available agent targeting phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase in the PI3K/mTOR signaling pathway, with potential antineoplastic activity. Apitolisib inhibits both PI3K kinase and mTOR kinase, which may result in tumor cell apoptosis and growth inhibition of cancer cells overexpressing PI3K/mTOR. Activation of the PI3K/mTOR pathway promotes cell growth, survival, and resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy; mTOR, a serine/threonine kinase downstream of PI3K, may also be activated in a PI3K-independent fashion."]], ["2-(4-methyl-1,4-diazepan-1-yl)-N-((5-methylpyrazin-2-yl)methyl)-5-oxo-5H-benzo[4,5]thiazolo[3,2-a][1,8]naphthyridine-6-carboxamide", "CC1=CN=C(C=N1)CNC(=O)C2=C3N(C4=CC=CC=C4S3)C5=C(C2=O)C=CC(=N5)N6CCCN(CC6)C", ["CX-5461 is an organic heterotetracyclic compound that is 5-oxo-5H-[1,3]benzothiazolo[3,2-a][1,8]naphthyridine-6-carboxylic acid substituted by a 4-methyl-1,4-diazepan-1-yl group at position 2 and in which the carboxy group at position 6 is substituted by a [(5-methylpyrazin-2-yl)methyl]nitrilo group. An inhibitor of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) synthesis which specifically inhibits RNA polymerase I-driven transcription of rRNA in several cancer cell lines. It is currently in phase I/II clinical trials for advanced hematologic malignancies and triple-negative breast cancer with BRCA1/2 mutation. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent, an apoptosis inducer and an EC 2.7.7.6 (RNA polymerase) inhibitor. It is a diazepine, an organic heterotetracyclic compound, a member of pyrazines, a secondary carboxamide and a naphthyridine derivative.", "Pidnarulex is an orally bioavailable inhibitor of RNA polymerase I (Pol I), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, pidnarulex selectively binds to and inhibits Pol I, prevents Pol I-mediated ribosomal RNA (rRNA) synthesis, induces apoptosis, and inhibits tumor cell growth. Pol I, the multiprotein complex that synthesizes rRNA, is upregulated in cancer cells and plays a key role in cell proliferation and survival. Hyperactivated rRNA transcription is associated with uncontrolled cancer cell proliferation."]], ["Tranylcypromine sulfate", "C1[C@H]([C@@H]1N)C2=CC=CC=C2.C1[C@H]([C@@H]1N)C2=CC=CC=C2.OS(=O)(=O)O", ["Tranylcypromine Sulfate is the sulfate salt form of tranylcypromine, an orally bioavailable, nonselective, irreversible, non-hydrazine inhibitor of both monoamine oxidase (MAO) and lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1/BHC110), with antidepressant and anxiolytic activities, and potential antineoplastic activities. Upon oral administration, tranylcypromine exerts its antidepressant and anxiolytic effects through the inhibition of MAO, an enzyme that catalyzes the breakdown of the monoamine neurotransmitters serotonin, norepinephrine, epinephrine and dopamine. This increases the concentrations and activity of these neurotransmitters. Tranylcypromine exerts its antineoplastic effect through the inhibition of LSD1. Inhibition of LSD1 prevents the transcription of LSD1 target genes. LSD1, a flavin-dependent monoamine oxidoreductase and a histone demethylase, is upregulated in a variety of cancers and plays a key role in tumor cell proliferation, migration, and invasion.", "A propylamine formed from the cyclization of the side chain of amphetamine. This monoamine oxidase inhibitor is effective in the treatment of major depression, dysthymic disorder, and atypical depression. It also is useful in panic and phobic disorders. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p311)"]], ["Primbactam", "C[C@H]1[C@@H](C(=O)N1S(=O)(=O)[O-])NC(=O)/C(=N\\OC(C)(C)C(=O)[O-])/C2=CSC(=N2)N", ["A monocyclic beta-lactam antibiotic originally isolated from Chromobacterium violaceum. It is resistant to beta-lactamases and is used in gram-negative infections, especially of the meninges, bladder, and kidneys. It may cause a superinfection with gram-positive organisms."]], ["(8S)-Ipratropium", "CC(C)[N+]1([C@@H]2CC[C@H]1CC(C2)OC(=O)[C@H](CO)C3=CC=CC=C3)C", ["Ipratropium is a synthetic anticholinergic agent that is used as an inhalant for treatment of acute bronchospasm due to chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Ipratropium has not been implicated in causing liver enzyme elevations or clinically apparent acute liver injury.", "Ipratropium is a synthetic derivative of the alkaloid atropine with anticholinergic properties. Ipratropium antagonizes the actions of acetylcholine at parasympathetic postganglionic effector cell junctions. When inhaled, ipratropium binds competitively to cholinergic receptors in the bronchial smooth muscle thereby blocking the bronchoconstrictor actions of the acetylcholine (Ach) mediated vagal impulses. Inhibition of the vagal tone leads to dilation of the large central airways resulting in bronchodilation.", "A muscarinic antagonist structurally related to ATROPINE but often considered safer and more effective for inhalation use. It is used for various bronchial disorders, in rhinitis, and as an antiarrhythmic."]], ["Dapa", "C[C@@H]([C@@H](CCCCCC(=O)[O-])[NH3+])[NH3+]", ["(7R,8S)-7,8-diammoniononanoate is a 7,8-diaminononanoate cation. It is a conjugate base of a (7R,8S)-7,8-diaminononanoic acid."]], ["Aureomycin", "C[C@@]1([C@H]2C[C@H]3[C@@H](C(=O)C(=C([C@]3(C(=O)C2=C(C4=C(C=CC(=C41)Cl)O)[O-])O)[O-])C(=O)N)[NH+](C)C)O", ["Chlortetracycline(1-) is an organic anion that is the major structure of chlortetracycline at pH 7.3 (according to Marvin v 6.2.0.). It is a conjugate base of a chlortetracycline.", "A TETRACYCLINE with a 7-chloro substitution."]], ["O-formylcefamandole(1-)", "CN1C(=NN=N1)SCC2=C(N3[C@@H]([C@@H](C3=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](C4=CC=CC=C4)OC=O)SC2)C(=O)[O-]", ["O-formylcefamandole(1-) is a monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from the deprotonation of the carboxy group of O-formylcefamandole. It is a conjugate base of an O-formylcefamandole.", "Cefamandole Nafate is the sodium salt form of cefamandole formyl ester. Cefamandole nafate is a pro-drug that is hydrolyzed by plasma esterases to produce cefamandole, a semi-synthetic beta-lactam, second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with bactericidal activity. Cefamandole binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBP) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall. Inactivation of PBPs interferes with the cross-linkage of peptidoglycan chains necessary for bacterial cell wall strength and rigidity. This results in the weakening of the bacterial cell wall and causes cell lysis."]], ["Dexamethasone phosphate(2-)", "C[C@@H]1C[C@H]2[C@@H]3CCC4=CC(=O)C=C[C@@]4([C@]3([C@H](C[C@@]2([C@]1(C(=O)COP(=O)([O-])[O-])O)C)O)F)C", ["Dexamethasone phosphate(2-) is a steroid phosphate oxoanion obtained by deprotonation of the phosphate OH groups of dexamethasone phosphate. It is a conjugate base of a dexamethasone phosphate."]], ["2-[(5E)-5-[(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)methylidene]-4-methoxypyrrol-2-ylidene]indole", "CC1=CC(=C(N1)/C=C/2\\C(=CC(=C3C=C4C=CC=CC4=N3)N2)OC)C", ["Obatoclax is a small molecule and a pan-inhibitor of Bcl-2 family proteins, with pro-apoptotic activity. GX015-070 is a selective antagonist of the BH3-binding groove of the Bcl-2 family proteins, which are frequently overexpressed in cancers including chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). This agent induces/restores apoptosis in cancer cells by inhibiting apoptosis suppressors in multiple members of the Bcl-2 family simultaneously."]], ["Epilovastatin", "CC[C@@H](C)C(=O)O[C@H]1C[C@H](C=C2[C@H]1[C@H]([C@H](C=C2)C)CC[C@@H]3C[C@H](CC(=O)O3)O)C", ["Epilovastatin is a natural product found in Aspergillus terreus and Monascus pilosus with data available.", "A fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Aspergillus terreus. The compound is a potent anticholesteremic agent. It inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It also stimulates the production of low-density lipoprotein receptors in the liver."]], ["Vyvanse", "C[C@@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCC[NH3+])[NH3+]", ["A dextroamphetamine drug precursor that also functions as a CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM STIMULANT and DOPAMINE UPTAKE INHIBITOR and is used in the treatment of ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER."]], ["(R)-2-Hydroxy-2-methyl-4-(2,4,5-trimethyl-3,6-dioxocyclohexa-1,4-dien-1-yl)butanamide", "CC1=C(C(=O)C(=C(C1=O)C)CC[C@](C)(C(=O)N)O)C", ["EPI-589 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02460679 (Safety and Biomarker Study of EPI-589 in Participants With Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS))."]], ["Faldaprevir", "CC(C)C(=O)NC1=NC(=CS1)C2=NC3=C(C=CC(=C3Br)OC)C(=C2)O[C@@H]4C[C@H](N(C4)C(=O)[C@H](C(C)(C)C)NC(=O)OC5CCCC5)C(=O)N[C@@]6(C[C@H]6C=C)C(=O)O", ["Faldaprevir has been investigated for the treatment of Chronic Hepatitis C."]], ["1-(1Z-octadecenyl)-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC/C=C\\OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCC", ["1-[(1Z)-octadecenyl]-2-[(9Z)-octadecenoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is a 1-(Z)-alk-1-enyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine in which the alkeny and acyl group specified at positions 1 and 2 are (1Z)-octadecenyl and (9Z)-octadecenoyl respectively. It is functionally related to an oleic acid.", "PC(P-18:0/18:1(9Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(P-18:0/22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC/C=C\\OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CC", ["1-(1Z-octadecenyl)-2-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z-docosahexaenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is a 1-(Z)-alk-1-enyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine in which the alk-1-enyl and acyl groups are specified as (1Z)-octadecenyl and (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoyl respectively."]], ["MnTDE-2-ImP5+", "CCN1C=C[N+](=C1C2=C3C=CC(=C(C4=NC(=C(C5=CC=C([N-]5)C(=C6C=CC2=N6)C7=[N+](C=CN7CC)CC)C8=[N+](C=CN8CC)CC)C=C4)C9=[N+](C=CN9CC)CC)[N-]3)CC.[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Mn+3]", ["AEOL 10150 is developed by Aeolus as a therapeutic agents based on its proprietary small molecule catalytic antioxidants."]], ["Apoptone", "C[C@]12CC[C@H](C[C@@H]1CC[C@@H]3[C@@H]2CC[C@]4([C@H]3CC[C@]4(C#C)O)C)O", ["Androstane Steroid HE3235 is an orally bioavailable adrenal steroid analogue with potential antineoplastic activity. Androstane steroid HE3235 appears to bind the androgen receptor (AR), down-regulating anti-apoptotic genes, such as Bcl-2, while increasing the expression of pro-apoptotic genes, such as caspases. In vitro and in vivo studies indicate that this agent inhibits androstenediol-dependent LNCaP cell tumor growth. In addition, HE3235 may potentiate chemotherapeutic agents by down-regulating ABCG2, the gene encoding the multi-drug resistant (MDR) protein MDR2."]], ["Plazomicin", "C[C@@]1(CO[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]1NC)O)O[C@H]2[C@@H](C[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]2O)O[C@@H]3[C@@H](CC=C(O3)CNCCO)N)N)NC(=O)[C@H](CCN)O)O", ["Developed by Achaogen biopharmaceuticals, plazomicin is a next-generation aminoglycoside synthetically derived from [DB12604]. The structure of plazomicin was established via appending hydroxylaminobutyric acid to [DB12604] at position 1 and 2-hydroxyethyl group at position 6'. It was designed to evade all clinically relevant aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes, which contribute to the main resistance mechanism for aminoglycoside therapy. However, acquired resistance of aminoglycosides may arise through over expression of efflux pumps and ribosomal modification by bacteria, which results from amino acid or rRNA sequence mutations. Like other aminoglycosides, plazomicin is ineffective against bacterial isolates that produce 16S rRNA methyltransferases. Plazomicin mediates the antibacterial activity against pathogens including carbapenem-resistant (CRE) and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing Enterobacteriaceae. It mediates the antibacterial activity by binding to bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit and inhibiting protein synthesis. On June 28th, 2018, plazomicin sulfate was approved by the FDA for use in adult patients for the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections (cUTI) including Pyelonephritis. It is marketed as Zemdri and is administered via once-daily intravenous infusion.", "Plazomicin is a parenterally administered, broad spectrum aminoglycoside antibiotic typically used for moderate-to-severe urinary tract infections or pyelonephritis. Plazomicin has had limited clinical use but has not been linked to serum enzyme elevations during therapy or to instances of clinically apparent liver injury."]], ["6-(2-(Fluoro-18F)-propyl)-4-methyl-2-pyridinamine", "CC1=CC(=NC(=C1)N)CC(C)[18F]", ["Fluorine F 18 NOS is a radiotracer composed of an analog of the reversible nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor, 2-amino 4-methylpyridine, radiolabeled with fluorine F 18, with potential imaging activity upon positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT). Upon administration of fluorine F 18 NOS, the NOS moiety targets and binds to inducible NOS (iNOS). Upon PET/CT imaging, iNOS expression and thus the extent of inflammation can be assessed. iNOS expression is upregulated in a variety of inflammatory diseases and certain cancers and may invoke a chronic inflammatory state in tumor cells."]], ["Soi87F7GN2", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)N[C@@H](CO[C@@H]1[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@H](O1)CNC(=O)C)O)O)O)[C@@H]([C@@H](CCCCCCCCCCCCCC)O)O", ["ABX-196 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03897543 (ABX196 in Combination With Nivolumab in Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma).", "iNKT Cell Agonist ABX196 is a synthetic glycolipid agonist for natural killer T-cells (NKTs) expressing an invariant (alpha, beta) T-cell receptor (iNKTs), with potential immunomodulating and antineoplastic activities. Upon infusion of the iNKT cell agonist ABX196, this agent targets and binds to iNKTs, thereby activating iNKTs. In turn, iNKTs recognize CD1d-restricted lipid ligands, which are expressed on certain tumor cells, and secrete large amounts of various cytokines. This may activate the immune system against tumor cells. Additionally, iNKTs directly target and lyse tumor cells."]], ["(E)-1-(5-((E)-(3-Fluorodibenzo(b,E)oxepin-11(6H)-ylidene)methyl)-1-((R)-1-morpholinopropan-2-yl)-1H-benzo(d)imidazol-2(3H)-ylidene)urea", "C[C@H](CN1CCOCC1)N2C3=C(C=C(C=C3)/C=C\\4/C5=C(C=C(C=C5)F)OCC6=CC=CC=C64)N=C2NC(=O)N", ["LY-2623091 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02194465 (A Study of LY2623091 in Participants With High Blood Pressure)."]], ["Lff-571", "CC1=C2C(=O)N[C@H](C3=NC(=C(S3)COC)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@H](C4=NC(=CS4)C5=NC(=CS5)C6=C(C=CC(=N6)C7=NC(=CS7)N(CCCCC(=O)O)C(=O)OC8CCC(CC8)C(=O)O)C9=NC(=CS9)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=N2)S1)CC(=O)NC)[C@H](C1=CC=CC=C1)O)C(C)C", ["LFF571 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Moderate Clostridium Difficile Infection."]], ["ITI214 free base", "CN1C(=O)C2=C(N(N=C2N3C1=N[C@H]4[C@@H]3CCC4)CC5=CC=C(C=C5)C6=NC(=CC=C6)F)NC7=CC=CC=C7", ["ITI-214 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03489772 (Study of ITI-214 in Healthy Volunteers to Determine CNS Engagement)."]], ["Vidupiprant", "CC(C)(C)NC(=O)C1=CC(=C(C=C1)OC2=C(C=C(C(=C2)F)CC(=O)O)Cl)NS(=O)(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3)C4CC4)Cl", ["Vidupiprant has been used in trials studying the treatment and basic science of Asthma."]], ["Gdc-0623", "C1=CC(=C(C=C1I)F)NC2=C(C=CC3=CN=CN32)C(=O)NOCCO", ["GDC-0623 is a member of the class of imidazopyridines that is imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine substituted by (2-fluoro-4-iodophenyl)amino and (2-hydroxyethoxy)aminoacyl groups at positions 5 and 6. It is a potent ATP non-competitive inhibitor of MEK1 (Ki = 0.13nM) and also has efficacy against both mutant BRAF and mutant KRAS. It is in clinical development for treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic solid tumors. It has a role as an EC 2.7.12.2 (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase) inhibitor, an antineoplastic agent and an apoptosis inducer. It is a substituted aniline, a member of monofluorobenzenes, an organoiodine compound, an imidazopyridine, a secondary amino compound, a hydroxamic acid ester and a primary alcohol.", "GDC-0623 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Solid Cancers.", "MEK Inhibitor GDC-0623 is an orally active, selective MEK inhibitor with potential antineoplastic activity. MEK inhibitor GDC-0623 specifically inhibits mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK or MAP/ERK kinase), resulting in inhibition of growth factor-mediated cell signaling and tumor cell proliferation. MEK is a key component of the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK signaling pathway that regulates cell growth; constitutive activation of this pathway has been implicated in many cancers."]], ["Cyclopentolate hydrochloride, (+)-", "C[NH+](C)CCOC(=O)C(C1=CC=CC=C1)C2(CCCC2)O.[Cl-]", ["Cyclopentolate Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of cyclopentolate, an anticholinergic drug. Administered in the eye, cyclopentolate hydrochloride blocks the acetylcholine receptor in the sphincter muscle of the iris and the ciliary muscle, thereby preventing contraction. This dilates the pupil, producing mydriasis, and prevents the eye from accommodating.", "A parasympatholytic anticholinergic used solely to obtain mydriasis or cycloplegia."]], ["Proflavine hemisulphate", "C1=CC(=CC2=[NH+]C3=C(C=CC(=C3)N)C=C21)N.C1=CC(=CC2=[NH+]C3=C(C=CC(=C3)N)C=C21)N.[O-]S(=O)(=O)[O-]", ["Proflavine Hemisulfate is the hemisulfate salt form of proflavine, an acridine-derived fluorescent contrast and disinfectant agent that can potentially be used for cellular imaging and antiseptic purposes. Upon topical application of proflavine hemisulfate, proflavine diffuses into cells and intercalates into DNA, thereby accumulating in and staining the nucleus. During fluorescence imaging, the cell nuclei can be visualized. This allows nuclear morphometry and the identification of cancer cells. In addition, proflavine exerts its antibacterial effect by binding to bacterial DNA, thereby disrupting DNA synthesis and halting bacterial cell growth.", "Topical antiseptic used mainly in wound dressings."]], ["Ethmozine", "CCOC(=O)NC1=CC2=C(C=C1)SC3=CC=CC=C3N2C(=O)CC[NH+]4CCOCC4.[Cl-]", ["Moricizine hydrochloride is a hydrochloride salt obtained from equimola amounts of moricizine and hydrogen chloride. It has a role as an anti-arrhythmia drug. It contains a moricizine.", "An antiarrhythmia agent used primarily for ventricular rhythm disturbances."]], ["Ketalar", "C[NH2+]C1(CCCCC1=O)C2=CC=CC=C2Cl.[Cl-]", ["Ketamine hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt of ketamine. It has a role as an analgesic, a NMDA receptor antagonist and an intravenous anaesthetic. It contains a ketamine.", "A cyclohexanone derivative used for induction of anesthesia. Its mechanism of action is not well understood, but ketamine can block NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and may interact with sigma receptors.", "See also: Ketamine Hydrochloride (preferred)."]], ["Fosmanogepix", "C1=CC=NC(=C1)OCC2=CC=C(C=C2)CC3=NOC(=C3)C4=C([N+](=CC=C4)COP(=O)(O)[O-])N", ["Fosmanogepix is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03604705 (An Efficacy and Safety Study of APX001 in Non-Neutropenic Patients With Candidemia).", "Fosmanogepix is an orally available small molecule inhibitor of the Gwt1 fungal enzyme with potential antifungal activity. Upon administration, fosmanogepix, a N-phosphonooxymethyl prodrug, is rapidly and completely metabolized by systemic alkaline phosphatases to its active moiety, APX001A (E1210). The active prodrug targets Gwt1, a highly conserved inositol acylase which catalyzes an essential step in the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchor biosynthesis pathway. Inhibition of Gwt1 prevents localization of cell wall mannoproteins, which compromises cell wall integrity, biofilm formation, germ tube formation, and fungal growth."]], ["Seliforant", "CC(C)CC1=NC(=CC(=N1)N2CC(C2)NC)N", ["Seliforant is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01260753 (Proof of Activity Study of UR-63325 in Allergic Rhinitis Induced by Nasal Challenge)."]], ["Complera", "CC1=CC(=CC(=C1NC2=NC(=NC=C2)NC3=CC=C(C=C3)C#N)C)/C=C/C#N.C[C@H](CN1C=NC2=C(N=CN=C21)N)OCP(=O)(OCOC(=O)OC(C)C)OCOC(=O)OC(C)C.C1[C@H](O[C@H](S1)CO)N2C=C(C(=NC2=O)N)F.C(=C/C(=O)O)\\C(=O)O", ["Complera is a prescription medicine approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of HIV infection in adults and children 12 years of age and older who weigh at least 77 lb (35 kg) and meet certain requirements, as determined by a health care provider.", "A pharmaceutical preparation that contains emtricitabine, rilpivirine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate. It is used to treat HIV INFECTIONS."]], ["Relebactam", "C1C[C@H](N2C[C@@H]1N(C2=O)OS(=O)(=O)O)C(=O)NC3CCNCC3", ["Relebactam is a diazabicyclooctane beta-lactamase inhibitor, similar in structure to [avibactam]. It includes a piperidine ring which reduces export from bacterial cells by producing a positive charge. It is currently available in a combination product which includes [imipenem] and [cilastatin] to treat complicated urinary tract infections (UTIs), pyelonephritis, and complicated intra-abdominal infections in adults. It is considered to be a last-line treatment option and gained FDA approval as part of the combination product Recarbrio\u24c7 in July 2019.", "Relebactam anhydrous is a beta Lactamase Inhibitor. The mechanism of action of relebactam anhydrous is as a beta Lactamase Inhibitor."]], ["sodium (6R,7R)-3-[(acetyloxy)methyl]-7-[2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetamido]-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate", "CC(=O)OCC1=C(N2C(C(C2=O)NC(=O)C(=NOC)C3=CSC(=N3)N)SC1)C(=O)[O-].[Na+]", ["Cefotaxime Sodium is the sodium salt form of cefotaxime, a beta-lactam, third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with bactericidal activity. Cefotaxime sodium binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBP) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall. Inactivation of PBPs interferes with the cross-linking of peptidoglycan chains necessary for bacterial cell wall strength and rigidity. This results in the weakening of the bacterial cell wall and causes cell lysis. Compared to the second and first generation cephalosporins, cefotaxime sodium is more active against gram-negative bacteria and less active against gram-positive bacteria.", "Semisynthetic broad-spectrum cephalosporin."]], ["Framycetin sulphate", "C1C(C(C(C(C1N)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)CN)O)O)N)OC3C(C(C(O3)CO)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CN)O)O)N)O)O)N.OS(=O)(=O)O.OS(=O)(=O)O.OS(=O)(=O)O", ["Neomycin Sulfate is the sulfate salt form of neomycin, a broad spectrum aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from Streptomyces fradiae with antibacterial activity. Neomycin is an antibiotic complex consisting of 3 components: the two isomeric components B and C are the active components, and neomycin A is the minor component. Neomycin irreversibly binds to the 16S rRNA and S12 protein of the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit. As a result, this agent interferes with the assembly of initiation complex between mRNA and the bacterial ribosome, thereby inhibiting the initiation of protein synthesis. In addition, neomycin induces misreading of the mRNA template and causes translational frameshift, thereby results in premature termination. This eventually leads to bacterial cell death.", "Aminoglycoside antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces fradiae. It is composed of neomycins A, B, and C, and acts by inhibiting translation during protein synthesis."]], ["Falapen", "CC1(C(N2C(S1)C(C2=O)NC(=O)CC3=CC=CC=C3)C(=O)O)C.[K+]", ["A penicillin derivative commonly used in the form of its sodium or potassium salts in the treatment of a variety of infections. It is effective against most gram-positive bacteria and against gram-negative cocci. It has also been used as an experimental convulsant because of its actions on GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID mediated synaptic transmission."]], ["CID 44134949", "CC1C(C(C(O1)OC2C(C(C(C(C2O)O)N=C(N)N)O)N=C(N)N)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)NC)(C=O)O.CC1C(C(C(O1)OC2C(C(C(C(C2O)O)N=C(N)N)O)N=C(N)N)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)NC)(C=O)O.OS(=O)(=O)O.OS(=O)(=O)O.OS(=O)(=O)O", ["Streptomycin sulfate (2:3) (salt) appears as an antibacterial. White to light gray or pale buff powder with faint amine-like odor.", "Streptomycin Sulfate is the sulfate salt form of streptomycin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from Streptomyces griseus with antibacterial property. Streptomycin sulfate binds to the S12 protein of the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, thereby inhibiting peptide elongation and protein synthesis, consequently leading to bacterial cell death.", "An antibiotic produced by the soil actinomycete Streptomyces griseus. It acts by inhibiting the initiation and elongation processes during protein synthesis."]], ["2-[[(1R)-1-[7-Methyl-2-(4-morpholinyl)-4-oxo-4H-pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-9-yl]ethyl]amino]benzoic acid", "CC1=CN2C(=O)C=C(N=C2C(=C1)[C@@H](C)NC3=CC=CC=C3C(=O)O)N4CCOCC4", ["2-[[(1R)-1-[7-methyl-2-(4-morpholinyl)-4-oxo-9-pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidinyl]ethyl]amino]benzoic acid is a pyridopyrimidine.", "AZD-6482 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT00688714 (Study to Investigate Safety and Tolerability of a Single Dose of AZD6482)."]], ["4-((R)-2-((R)-2,2,2-Trifluoro-1-hydroxyethyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzonitrile", "C1C[C@@H](N(C1)C2=CC(=C(C=C2)C#N)C(F)(F)F)[C@H](C(F)(F)F)O", ["Ligandrol is an investigational selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) for treatment of conditions such as muscle wasting and osteoporosis."]], ["Osilodrostat", "C1CC2=CN=CN2[C@H]1C3=C(C=C(C=C3)C#N)F", ["Osilodrostat is an inhibitor of 11\u03b2-hydroxylase (also referred to as CYP11B1), the enzyme that catalyzes the final step in the biosynthesis of endogenous cortisol. It is used to lower circulating cortisol levels in the treatment of Cushing's disease, a disorder in which cortisol levels are chronically and supraphysiologically elevated. Cushing's disease is often the result of ACTH hypersecretion secondary to a pituitary tumor, and surgical resection of the tumour is generally the treatment of choice. As an orally bioavailable drug therapy, osilodrostat provides a novel treatment option for patients in whom removal of the causative tumor is not an option or for whom previous pituitary surgery has not been curative.  Osilodrostat is manufactured by Novartis under the brand name Isturisa. It has undergone phase II clinical trials for the treatment of solid tumours, hypertension, and heart failure, but development for these indications was discontinued by Novartis in January 2013. Osilodrostat was approved for use in the EU in January 2020 for the treatment of endogenous Cushing's syndrome (i.e. Cushing's disease), and was granted FDA approval and Orphan Drug designation in the US in March 2020 for the same indication.", "Osilodrostat is a Cortisol Synthesis Inhibitor. The mechanism of action of osilodrostat is as a Cytochrome P450 11B1 Inhibitor, and Cytochrome P450 1A2 Inhibitor, and Cytochrome P450 2C19 Inhibitor, and Cytochrome P450 2D6 Inhibitor, and Cytochrome P450 3A4 Inhibitor, and Cytochrome P450 3A5 Inhibitor.", "Osilodrostat is an orally bioavailable inhibitor of both steroid 11beta-hydroxylase (cytochrome P450 (CYP) 11B1) and aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2; steroid 18-hydroxylase), with potential anti-adrenal activity and ability to treat Cushing disease (CD). Upon administration, osilodrostat binds to and inhibits the activity of CYP11B1, the enzyme that catalyzes the final step of cortisol synthesis from the precursor 11-deoxycortisol, and CYP11B2, the enzyme that catalyzes aldosterone synthesis from corticosterone and 11-deoxycorticosterone in the adrenal gland. The inhibition of CYP11B1 prevents the production of excess cortisol, thereby decreasing and normalizing the levels of cortisol. CD is most often caused by an adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-secreting pituitary tumor."]], ["Ecdysterone", "C[C@]12CCC3C(=CC(=O)[C@H]4[C@@]3(C[C@@H]([C@@H](C4)O)O)C)[C@@]1(CCC2[C@](C)([C@@H](CCC(C)(C)O)O)O)O", ["A steroid hormone that regulates the processes of MOLTING or ecdysis in insects. Ecdysterone is the 20-hydroxylated ECDYSONE."]], ["Mercurol", "C1=C[Hg]C=C1", ["Mercurol is an organomercuric compound. Mercury is a heavy, silvery d-block metal and one of six elements that are liquid at or near room temperature and pressure. It is a naturally occuring substance, and combines with other elements such as chlorine, sulfur, or oxygen to form inorganic mercury compounds (salts). Mercury also combines with carbon to make organic mercury compounds. (L1)"]], ["ProHance", "CC(CN1CCN(CCN(CCN(CC1)CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])O.[Gd+3]", ["Gadoteridol is a non-ionic gadolinium chelate having a macrocyclic tetraamine framework. It is used as a paramagnetic contrast agent in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). It has a role as a MRI contrast agent."]], ["Sativex", "CCCCCC1=CC(=C(C(=C1)O)C2C=C(CC[C@H]2C(=C)C)C)O.CCCCCC1=CC(=C2[C@@H]3C=C(CC[C@H]3C(OC2=C1)(C)C)C)O", ["Nabiximols is an herbal preparation containing a defined quantity of specific cannabinoids formulated for oromucosal spray administration with potential analgesic activity. Nabiximols contains a standardized extract of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the non-psychoactive cannabinoid cannabidiol (CBD), other minor cannabinoids, flavonoids, and terpenes from two cannabis plant varieties. Cannabinoids interact with G protein-coupled cannabinoid 1 (CB1) receptors in the central nervous system, resulting in analgesic, euphoric, and anticonvulsive effects."]], ["Dextroamphetamine saccharate", "C[C@@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)N.[C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](C(=O)O)O)O)([C@H](C(=O)O)O)O", ["Dextroamphetamine Saccharate is the saccharate salt form of the dextro-isomer of amphetamine, a synthetic substance related to natural sympathomimetic amines, with CNS stimulating properties. Dextroamphetamine saccharate acts by facilitating the release of catecholamines, particularly noradrenaline and dopamine, from its storage sites in nerve terminals in the brain, and inhibits their uptake within the mesocorticolimbic system, a major component of the brain reward system, thereby resulting in measurable behavioral changes such as euphoria. As a CNS stimulant, this agent may increase blood pressure and reduce appetite. Similar to other amphetamines, dextroamphetamine has a high potential for abuse, dependence, and addiction if used in large doses over extended periods of time."]], ["Barium iron oxide", "[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Fe+3].[Fe+3].[Ba+2]", ["Barium iron oxide is an oxide of barium and iron. Barium is a metallic alkaline earth metal with the symbol Ba, and atomic number 56. It never occurs in nature in its pure form due to its reactivity with air, but combines with other chemicals such as sulfur or carbon and oxygen to form barium compounds that may be found as minerals. (L214, 408)"]], ["Tozasertib lactate", "CC1=CC(=NN1)NC2=CC(=NC(=N2)SC3=CC=C(C=C3)NC(=O)C4CC4)N5CCN(CC5)C.C[C@@H](C(=O)O)O", ["Tozasertib Lactate is the lactate salt of tozasertib, a synthetic, small-molecule Aurora kinase inhibitor with potential antitumor activity. Tozasertib binds to and inhibits Aurora kinases (AKs), thereby inducing apoptosis in tumor cells in which AKs are overexpressed. AKs, a family of serine-threonine kinases, are essential for mitotic progression, spindle formation, centrosome maturation, chromosomal segregation, and cytokinesis."]], ["N-[(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)methyl]-1-methyl-N-[[(1R,5S)-3-methyl-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-6-yl]methyl]imidazole-4-carboxamide", "CN1C[C@@H]2[C@H](C1)C2CN(CC3=CC(=C(C=C3)F)Cl)C(=O)C4=CN(C=N4)C", ["PF-03463275 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Schizophrenia and Cognitive Impairments Associated With Schizophrenia."]], ["Debio 0932", "CC(C)(C)CNCCN1C2=C(C(=NC=C2)N)N=C1SC3=CC4=C(C=C3N(C)C)OCO4", ["Hsp90 Inhibitor Debio 0932 is an orally active and small molecule inhibitor of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) with potential antineoplastic activity. Hsp90 inhibitor Debio 0932 specifically blocks Hsp90, thereby inhibiting its chaperone function and promoting the degradation of its client proteins, many of which are oncogenic signaling proteins involved in tumor cell proliferation and survival. This may lead to an inhibition of tumor cell proliferation. Hsp90, a chaperone protein upregulated in a variety of tumor cells, regulates the folding, stabilization and degradation of many oncogenic signaling proteins."]], ["N2-(1H-Indol-5-yl)-6-(pyridin-4-yl)pyrazine-2,3-diamine", "C1=CC2=C(C=CN2)C=C1NC3=NC(=CN=C3N)C4=CC=NC=C4", ["AKN-028 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia.", "FLT3/KIT Kinase Inhibitor AKN-028 is an orally bioavailable protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor for FMS-related tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3; STK1) and stem cell factor receptor (SCFR; KIT), with potential antineoplastic activity. FLT3/KIT kinase inhibitor AKN-028 binds to and inhibits both the wild-type and mutated forms of FLT3 and SCFR. This may result in an inhibition of tumor cell proliferation in cancer cell types that overexpress these receptor tyrosine kinases."]], ["Tpcs2A", "C1CC2=NC1=C(C3=CC=C(N3)C(=C4C=CC(=N4)C(=C5C=CC(=C2C6=CC=C(C=C6)S(=O)(=O)O)N5)C7=CC=CC=C7)C8=CC=CC=C8)C9=CC=C(C=C9)S(=O)(=O)O", ["Fimaporfin A is the A isomer of fimaporfin, a synthetic light-activated compound, with potential photosensitizing activity. Upon administration, fimaporfin A incorporates into the cell's endosome and lysosome membranes. Subsequently, cytotoxic agents are administered and accumulate in endosomal and lysosomal compartments; upon local activation by light, fimaporfin A produces reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as singlet oxygen, damaging endo/lysosomal membranes and accumulated cytotoxic agents are released into the tumor cell cytosol. This photochemical internalization (PCI) method can enhance the efficacy and selectivity of cytotoxic agents."]], ["Acoziborole", "B1(C2=C(C=CC(=C2)NC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3)F)C(F)(F)F)C(O1)(C)C)O", ["Acoziborole is a member of (trifluoromethyl)benzenes.", "SCYX-7158 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Trypanosomiasis, Parasitic Diseases, Protozoan Infections, and Trypanosomiasis, African."]], ["Amg-337", "C[C@H](C1=NN=C2N1C=C(C=C2F)C3=CN(N=C3)C)N4C=CC5=C(C4=O)C=C(C=N5)OCCOC", ["AMG-337 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03147976 (QUILT-3.036: AMG 337 in Subjects With Advanced or Metastatic Solid Tumors).", "c-Met Inhibitor AMG 337 is an orally bioavailable inhibitor of the proto-oncogene c-Met with potential antineoplastic activity. c-Met inhibitor AMG 337 selectively binds to c-Met, thereby disrupting c-Met signal transduction pathways. This may induce cell death in tumor cells overexpressing c-Met protein or expressing constitutively activated c-Met protein. c-Met protein, the product of the proto-oncogene c-Met, is a receptor tyrosine kinase also known as hepatocyte growth factor receptor (HGFR); this protein is overexpressed or mutated in many tumor cell types and plays key roles in tumor cell proliferation, survival, invasion, and metastasis, and tumor angiogenesis."]], ["L-Phenylalanine, N,N'-(((2-(2-amino-6-(cyclopropylamino)-9H-purin-9-YL)ethoxy)methyl)-phosphinylidene)bis-, bis(2-methylpropyl) ester", "CC(C)COC(=O)[C@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)NP(=O)(COCCN2C=NC3=C(N=C(N=C32)N)NC4CC4)N[C@@H](CC5=CC=CC=C5)C(=O)OCC(C)C", ["GS-9191 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT00499967 (Safety and Effectiveness Study of an Experimental Topical Ointment (GS-9191) for the Treatment of Genital Warts)."]], ["Sutent", "CCN(CC)CCNC(=O)C1=C(NC(=C1C)/C=C\\2/C3=C(C=CC(=C3)F)NC2=O)C.C(C(C(=O)O)O)C(=O)O", ["An indole and pyrrole derivative that inhibits VEGFR-2 and PDGFR BETA RECEPTOR TYROSINE KINASES. It is used as an antineoplastic agent for the treatment of GASTROINTESTINAL STROMAL TUMORS, and for treatment of advanced or metastatic RENAL CELL CARCINOMA."]], ["Pimasertib", "C1=CC(=C(C=C1I)F)NC2=C(C=CN=C2)C(=O)NC[C@@H](CO)O", ["N-[(2S)-2,3-dihydroxypropyl]-3-(2-fluoro-4-iodoanilino)-4-pyridinecarboxamide is a pyridinecarboxamide.", "Pimasertib is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01378377 (Combination Trial of Pimasertib (MSC1936369B) With Temsirolimus).", "Pimasertib is an orally bioavailable small-molecule inhibitor of MEK1 and MEK2 (MEK1/2) with potential antineoplastic activity. Pimasertib selectively binds to and inhibits the activity of MEK1/2, preventing the activation of MEK1/2-dependent effector proteins and transcription factors, which may result in the inhibition of growth factor-mediated cell signaling and tumor cell proliferation. MEK1/2 (MAP2K1/K2) are dual-specificity threonine/tyrosine kinases that play key roles in the activation of the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK pathway and are often upregulated in a variety of tumor cell types."]], ["Tak-441", "CCC1=CC2=C(C(=C(N2C)C(=O)NC3CCN(CC3)C(=O)CO)OCC(F)(F)F)C(=O)N1CC(=O)C4=CC=CC=C4", ["Smoothened Antagonist TAK-441 is an orally bioavailable pyrrolopyridine derivative and Smoothened (Smo) antagonist with potential antineoplastic activity. Smo antagonist TAK-441 selectively binds to and inhibits the activity Smo, which is a cell surface co-receptor for ligands in the Hedgehog (Hh) family. This may result in a suppression of Hh-mediated signaling pathways, thereby inhibiting the growth of tumor cells in which this pathway is aberrantly activated.  Smo is a G-protein coupled receptor that lies just downstream of the Hh cell surface receptor Patched-1 in the Hh pathway; in the absence of ligand, Patched-1 (Ptch1) inhibits Smo, and ligand binding to Ptch1 results in increased levels of Smo. The Hh-mediated signaling pathways play an important role in cellular growth and differentiation, and tissue repair; constitutive activation of this pathway is associated with uncontrolled cellular proliferation in a variety of cancers."]], ["Retagliptin", "COC(=O)C1=C2CN(CCN2C(=N1)C(F)(F)F)C(=O)C[C@@H](CC3=CC(=C(C=C3F)F)F)N", ["Retagliptin is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02822534 (The Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics Study of Single and Multiple Dose of SP2086 in Type 2 Diabetes Patients)."]], ["Snx-5422", "CC1(CC2=C(C(=O)C1)C(=NN2C3=CC(=C(C=C3)C(=O)N)NC4CCC(CC4)OC(=O)CN)C(F)(F)F)C", ["SNX-5422 is a synthetic, novel, small molecule Hsp90 Inhibitor. As an oral formulation that demonstrates strong efficacy and tolerability, SNX-5422 is positioned as a breakthrough therapy with broad applicability across a wide range of cancers."]], ["Testolone", "CC1=C(C=CC(=C1Cl)C#N)N[C@@H](C2=NN=C(O2)C3=CC=C(C=C3)C#N)[C@H](C)O", ["RAD140 is an investigational selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) for the treatment of conditions such as muscle wasting and breast cancer.", "Vosilasarm is an orally bioavailable, non-steroidal selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM), with potential tissue-selective androgenic/anti-androgenic activities. Upon oral administration, vosilasarm acts as an agonist in select tissues, such as skeletal muscle and bone, where it binds to and activates androgen receptors (ARs). In the prostate and breasts, RAD140 acts as an antagonist and blocks AR activation and AR-mediated cellular proliferation. Therefore, this agent may improve bone formation and muscle mass and strength, and may inhibit both the growth of the prostate in males and AR-dependent breast cancer cell proliferation. Compared to anabolic agents, SARMs have reduced androgenic properties."]], ["Oxaquin", "CC(=O)NC[C@H]1CN(C(=O)O1)C2=CC(=C(C=C2)OCC3(CCN(CC3)C4=C(C=C5C(=C4)N(C=C(C5=O)C(=O)O)C6CC6)F)OP(=O)(O)O)F", ["Quinolonyl-oxazolidinone Antibiotic DNV3837 is a prodrug of DNV3681, a small molecule quinolonyl-oxazolidinone antibiotic with activity against Gram-positive bacteria, including Clostridioides difficile. Upon intravenous administration, DNV3837 crosses the gastrointestinal barrier to reach the C. difficile infection site. The active drug DNV3681 may affect four bacterial targets including DNA-gyrase, topoisomerase IV, protein synthesis and aminoacyl-t-RNA synthetases, which leads to bacterial cell death. DNV3681 does not have antibacterial activity against aerobic and anaerobic Gram-negative bacteria, sparing intestinal Bacteroides spp. that provide colonization resistance in the digestive tract."]], ["Delpazolid", "CN1CCN(C=N1)C2=C(C=C(C=C2)N3C[C@@H](OC3=O)CO)F", ["Lcb01 0371 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01554995 (A Clinical Study, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Single Dose Study)."]], ["Fluprostenol isopropyl ester", "CC(C)OC(=O)CCC/C=C\\CC1C(CC(C1/C=C/C(COC2=CC=CC(=C2)C(F)(F)F)O)O)O", ["A cloprostenol derivative that is used as an ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENT in the treatment of OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA and OCULAR HYPERTENSION."]], ["Ralinepag", "C1CC(CCC1COCC(=O)O)COC(=O)N(C2=CC=CC=C2)C3=CC=C(C=C3)Cl", ["Ralinepag has been used in trials studying the treatment of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension."]], ["Filanesib", "CN(C(=O)N1[C@](SC(=N1)C2=C(C=CC(=C2)F)F)(CCCN)C3=CC=CC=C3)OC", ["Filanesib is a potent Kinesin Spindle Protein (KSP) inhibitor that caused marked tumor regression in preclinical models of human solid tumors and human leukemias, often leading to durable responses.", "Filanesib is a synthetic, small molecule targeting the kinesin spindle protein (KSP) with potential antineoplastic activity. Filanesib specifically inhibits KSP (kinesin-5 or Eg5), resulting in activation of the spindle assembly checkpoint, induction of cell cycle arrest during the mitotic phase, and consequently cell death in tumor cells that are actively dividing. Because KSP is not involved in postmitotic processes, such as neuronal transport, this agent does not cause the peripheral neuropathy that is often associated with tubulin-targeting agents. KSP is an ATP-dependent microtubule motor protein that is essential for the formation of bipolar spindles and the proper segregation of sister chromatids during mitosis."]], ["Acetamide, N-[3-(1,4-dihydro-2,4-dioxo-3(2H)-quinazolinyl)propyl]-N-[4-[[3-(1,4-dihydro-2,4-dioxo-3(2H)-quinazolinyl)propyl]amino]butyl]-", "CC(=O)N(CCCCNCCCN1C(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2NC1=O)CCCN3C(=O)C4=CC=CC=C4NC3=O", ["SP-8203 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Ischemic Stroke."]], ["Omidenepag isopropyl", "CC(C)OC(=O)CNC1=CC=CC(=N1)CN(CC2=CC=C(C=C2)N3C=CC=N3)S(=O)(=O)C4=CN=CC=C4", ["Omidenepag isopropyl is a topical ocular hypotensive agent used to reduce intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with glaucoma and ocular hypertension. Omidenepag isopropyl is quickly metabolized to its active metabolite, omidenepag, a molecule with high selectivity and agonistic activity towards the prostaglandin E2 (EP2) receptor. Prostanoid FP receptor agonists (FP agonists), such as [latanoprost], are part of the first-line therapy for ocular hypertension and primary open-angle glaucoma; however, not all patients achieve adequate IOP reduction with FP agonists and require changes in treatment. The use of an EP2 receptor agonist such as omidenepag represents an alternative in these scenarios. Omidenepag IOP-lowering effect is comparable to the one observed with [latanoprost]. In 2018, omidenepag isopropyl was approved in Japan for the treatment of glaucoma and ocular hypertension. In September 2022, the FDA approved the use of omidenepag isopropyl."]], ["Rivipansel", "C[C@H]1[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](O1)O[C@@H]2[C@H](C[C@H](C[C@H]2O[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@H](O3)CO)O)O[C@@H](CC4CCCCC4)C(=O)O)OC(=O)C5=CC=CC=C5)C(=O)NCCNC(=O)COCCOCC(=O)NC6=C7C(=CC(=C6)S(=O)(=O)O)C=C(C=C7S(=O)(=O)O)S(=O)(=O)O)NC(=O)C8=CC(=O)NC(=O)N8)O)O)O", ["Rivipansel has been used in trials studying the other, basic science, and treatment of Pain Crisis, Renal impairment, Anemia, Sickle Cell, Sickle Cell Disease, and Sickle Cell Disorders, among others.", "Rivipansel is a synthetic, glycomimetic molecule and pan-selectin antagonist, with potential use in a vaso-occlusive crisis. Upon administration, rivipansel prevents the interaction between leukocytes and the endothelium and may prevent cell activation and adhesion. By preventing selectin-mediated cell adhesion in sickle cell anemia, this agent may inhibit red blood cell-white blood cell interactions, normalize blood flow and reduce inflammation and vascular occlusive pain. GMI-1070 has the strongest antagonistic activity towards E-selectin but a sulfate-binding domain allows for interactions with P- and L-selectins. Selectins, containing lectin- and EGF-like domains, are a family of cell adhesion molecules implicated in inflammatory processes and cancer."]], ["Stribild", "C[C@H](CN1C=NC2=C(N=CN=C21)N)OCP(=O)(OCOC(=O)OC(C)C)OCOC(=O)OC(C)C.CC(C)C1=NC(=CS1)CN(C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCN2CCOCC2)C(=O)N[C@H](CC[C@H](CC3=CC=CC=C3)NC(=O)OCC4=CN=CS4)CC5=CC=CC=C5.CC(C)[C@@H](CO)N1C=C(C(=O)C2=C1C=C(C(=C2)CC3=C(C(=CC=C3)Cl)F)OC)C(=O)O.C1[C@H](O[C@H](S1)CO)N2C=C(C(=NC2=O)N)F.C(=C/C(=O)O)\\C(=O)O", ["Stribild is a prescription medicine approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of HIV infection in adults and children who weigh at least 77 lb (35 kg) and meet certain requirements, as determined by a health care provider.", "A pharmaceutical preparation of the ANTI-HIV AGENTS elvitegravir, cobicistat, emtricitabine, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate that is used in the treatment of HIV INFECTIONS."]], ["Cadazolid", "C1CC1N2C=C(C(=O)C3=CC(=C(C=C32)N4CCC(CC4)(COC5=C(C=C(C=C5)N6C[C@@H](OC6=O)CO)F)O)F)C(=O)O", ["Cadazolid has been used in trials studying the treatment of Clostridium Difficile Infection.", "Cadazolid is an oxazolidinone-type antibiotic, with activity against gram-positive bacteria, including Clostridium difficile. Although the exact mode of action through which cadazolid exerts its effect has yet to be fully elucidated, upon administration, this agent inhibits bacterial protein synthesis and leads to bacterial cell death."]], ["CKD-516 free base", "CC(C)[C@@H](C(=O)NC1=NC(=CS1)C2=CC(=C(C=C2)C(=O)C3=CC(=C(C(=C3)OC)OC)OC)N4C=NC=N4)N", ["Valecobulin is a benzophenone derivative and water soluble valine prodrug of the tubulin binding agent S516, with potential tubulin-inhibiting, vascular-disrupting and antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, valecobulin is converted into its active metabolite S-516 that binds to tubulin and prevents its polymerization in tumor blood vessel endothelial cells and tumor cells. This blocks the formation of the mitotic spindle and leads to cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase. As a result, this agent disrupts the tumor vasculature and tumor blood flow, deprives tumor cells of nutrients and induces tumor cell apoptosis. In addition, this agent has a direct cytotoxic effect on tumor cells by inhibiting tubulin polymerization."]], ["(+/-)-Methylphenidate hydrochloride", "COC(=O)[C@H](C1CCCCN1)C2=CC=CC=C2.Cl", ["A central nervous system stimulant used most commonly in the treatment of ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER in children and for NARCOLEPSY. Its mechanisms appear to be similar to those of DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The d-isomer of this drug is referred to as DEXMETHYLPHENIDATE HYDROCHLORIDE."]], ["(2S,6R)-5-(cyclopropylmethyl)-16-(2-hydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutan-2-yl)-15-methoxy-13-oxa-5-azahexacyclo[13.2.2.12,8.01,6.02,14.012,20]icosa-8(20),9,11-trien-11-ol;hydrochloride", "CC(C)(C)C(C)(C1CC23CCC1(C4[C@@]25CCN([C@@H]3CC6=C5C(=C(C=C6)O)O4)CC7CC7)OC)O.Cl", ["Buprenorphine Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of buprenorphine, a synthetic phenanthrene with narcotic analgesic activity. Buprenorphine hydrochloride is a partial agonist at the mu-opioid receptor and an antagonist at the kapa-opioid receptor in the central nervous system. However, under the conditions of recommended use it behaves as a classic mu-opioid agonist, mimicking the actions of endogenous peptides at CNS opioid receptors. The agonist action results in a raised pain threshold and increased tolerance to pain.  However, it also causes sedation, physical dependence, and respiratory depressant effects and decreases heart rate and blood pressure.", "A derivative of the opioid alkaloid THEBAINE that is a more potent and longer lasting analgesic than MORPHINE. It appears to act as a partial agonist at mu and kappa opioid receptors and as an antagonist at delta receptors. The lack of delta-agonist activity has been suggested to account for the observation that buprenorphine tolerance may not develop with chronic use."]], ["(S)-4-(2,4-Difluoro-5-(pyrimidin-5-yl)phenyl)-4-methyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-1,3-thiazin-2-amine", "C[C@]1(CCSC(=N1)N)C2=C(C=C(C(=C2)C3=CN=CN=C3)F)F", ["LY2811376 has been used in trials studying the basic science of Alzheimer's Disease.", "(S)-4-(2,4-Difluoro-5-(pyrimidin-5-yl)phenyl)-4-methyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-1,3-thiazin-2-amine is a natural product found in Aspergillus terreus with data available."]], ["Rnr inhibitor COH29", "C1=CC=C(C=C1)C2=C(N=C(S2)NC(=O)C3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)O)C4=CC(=C(C=C4)O)O", ["RNR Inhibitor COH29 is an orally available, aromatically substituted thiazole and inhibitor of the human ribonucleotide reductase (RNR), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, the RNR inhibitor COH29 binds to the ligand-binding pocket of the RNR M2 subunit (hRRM2) near the C-terminal tail. This blocks the interaction between the hRRM1 and hRRM2 subunits and interferes with the assembly of the active hRRM1/hRRM2 complex of RNR. Inhibition of RNR activity decreases the pool of deoxyribonucleotide triphosphates available for DNA synthesis. The resulting decrease in DNA synthesis causes cell cycle arrest and growth inhibition. In addition, this agent may inhibit the nuclear enzyme poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) 1, which prevents the repair of damaged DNA, and causes both the accumulation of single and double strand DNA breaks and the induction of apoptosis. RNR, an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of ribonucleoside diphosphate to deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate, is essential for de novo DNA synthesis and plays an important role in cell growth; it is overexpressed in many cancer cell types and is associated with increased drug resistance, cancer cell growth and metastasis."]], ["Neofolin", "COC1=CC2=C(C=C1C3=CC4=C(C(=C5C(=C4)C=CO5)OC)OC3=O)OCO2", ["Neofolin is a member of psoralens."]], ["C24:1 Sphingomyelin", "CCCCCCCCCCCCC/C=C/[C@H]([C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)NC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCC)O", ["N-[(15Z)-tetracosenoyl]sphing-4-enine-1-phosphocholine is a sphingomyelin d18:1 in which the N-acyl group is specified as (15Z)-tetracosenoyl. It has a role as a mouse metabolite. It is a sphingomyelin 42:2, a sphingomyelin d18:1 and a N-tetracosenoylsphingosine-1-phosphocholine. It is functionally related to a (15Z)-tetracosenoic acid.", "C24:1 Sphingomyelin is a natural product found in Trypanosoma brucei and Ailuropoda melanoleuca with data available."]], ["Tarceva", "[H+].COCCOC1=C(C=C2C(=C1)C(=NC=N2)NC3=CC=CC(=C3)C#C)OCCOC.[Cl-]", ["Erlotinib hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt of erlotinib. It has a role as a protein kinase inhibitor and an antineoplastic agent. It is a hydrochloride and a terminal acetylenic compound. It contains an erlotinib.", "A quinazoline derivative and ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT that functions as a PROTEIN KINASE INHIBITOR for EGFR associated tyrosine kinase. It is used in the treatment of NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER."]], ["Bryostatins", "CCC/C=C/C=C/C(=O)O[C@H]1/C(=C/C(=O)OC)/C[C@H]2CC(OC(=O)C[C@@H](C[C@@H]3C[C@@H](C([C@@](O3)(C[C@@H]4C/C(=C/C(=O)OC)/C[C@@H](O4)/C=C/C([C@@]1(O2)O)(C)C)O)(C)C)OC(=O)C)O)[C@@H](C)O", ["A group of 20-member macrolactones in which there are three remotely substituted pyran rings that are linked by a methylene bridge and an E-disubstituted alkene and have geminal dimethyls at C8 and C18 carbons. Some interact with PROTEIN KINASE C."]], ["(2R,3S,4R,5R,8R,10R,11R,12S,13S,14R)-11-[(3R,4S,6R)-4-(dimethylamino)-3-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-2-ethyl-3,4,10-trihydroxy-13-[(2R,4R,5S,6S)-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-4,6-dimethyloxan-2-yl]oxy-3,5,6,8,10,12,14-heptamethyl-1-oxa-6-azacyclopentadecan-15-one", "CC[C@@H]1[C@@]([C@@H]([C@H](N(C[C@@H](C[C@@]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](C(=O)O1)C)O[C@H]2C[C@@]([C@H]([C@@H](O2)C)O)(C)OC)C)OC3[C@@H]([C@H](C[C@H](O3)C)N(C)C)O)(C)O)C)C)C)O)(C)O", ["A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic structurally related to ERYTHROMYCIN. It has been used in the treatment of Mycobacterium avium intracellulare infections, toxoplasmosis, and cryptosporidiosis."]], ["Levoflaxacin", "C[C@H]1COC2=C3N1C=C(C(=O)C3=CC(=C2N4CCN(CC4)C)F)C(=O)OC", ["Ofloxacin methyl ester is a quinolone and an organofluorine compound."]], ["Dotatate gallium Ga-68", "C[C@H]([C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](CSSC[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N1)CCCCN)CC2=CNC3=CC=CC=C32)CC4=CC=C(C=C4)O)NC(=O)[C@@H](CC5=CC=CC=C5)NC(=O)CN6CCN(CCN(CCN(CC6)CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)O)O.[Ga+3]", ["Dotatate gallium (Ga-68) is a somatostatin-2 receptor analog which is radiolabeled with gallium 68 as a positron-emitting radioisotope. Ga-68 dotatate has a high affinity for somatostatin-2 receptor and it is rapidly excreted from the nontarget sites which gives it an ideal candidate for imaging neuroendocrine tumors. Dotatate gallium (Ga-68) explotes its ability to detect somatostatin receptor scintigraphy and this characteristic tends to change with tumor grade which gives Ga-68 dotate a high diagnostic value. Dotatate gallium 68 was developed by Advanced Accelerator Applications USA, Inc. and FDA approved in June 1, 2016."]], ["[(1S,2S,4S,9S,10S,12R,15S)-4-acetyloxy-1,9,12-trihydroxy-15-[(2R,3S)-2-hydroxy-3-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxycarbonylamino]-3-phenylpropanoyl]oxy-10,14,17,17-tetramethyl-11-oxo-6-oxatetracyclo[11.3.1.03,10.04,7]heptadec-13-en-2-yl] benzoate", "CC1=C2[C@H](C(=O)[C@@]3([C@H](CC4[C@](C3[C@@H]([C@@](C2(C)C)(C[C@@H]1OC(=O)[C@@H]([C@H](C5=CC=CC=C5)NC(=O)OC(C)(C)C)O)O)OC(=O)C6=CC=CC=C6)(CO4)OC(=O)C)O)C)O", ["A semisynthetic analog of PACLITAXEL used in the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic BREAST NEOPLASMS and NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER."]], ["Dactinomycin D", "C[C@H]1[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](C(=O)N2CCC[C@H]2C(=O)N(CC(=O)N([C@H](C(=O)O1)C(C)C)C)C)C(C)C)NC(=O)C3=C4C(=C(C=C3)C)OC5=C(C(=O)C(=C(C5=N4)C(=O)N[C@H]6[C@@H](OC(=O)[C@@H](N(C(=O)CN(C(=O)[C@@H]7CCCN7C(=O)[C@H](NC6=O)C(C)C)C)C)C(C)C)C)N)C", ["Actinomycin d appears as bright red rhomboid prisms or red powder. (NTP, 1992)", "2-amino-4,6-dimethyl-3-oxo-N1,N9-bis[(3R,6S,7S,10S,16S)-7,11,14-trimethyl-2,5,9,12,15-pentaoxo-3,10-di(propan-2-yl)-8-oxa-1,4,11,14-tetrazabicyclo[14.3.0]nonadecan-6-yl]phenoxazine-1,9-dicarboxamide is a cyclodepsipeptide.", "A compound composed of a two CYCLIC PEPTIDES attached to a phenoxazine that is derived from STREPTOMYCES parvullus. It binds to DNA and inhibits RNA synthesis (transcription), with chain elongation more sensitive than initiation, termination, or release. As a result of impaired mRNA production, protein synthesis also declines after dactinomycin therapy. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p2015)"]], ["methyl (9R,10S,11R,12R,19R)-11-acetyloxy-12-ethyl-4-[(13S,15R,17S)-17-ethyl-17-hydroxy-13-methoxycarbonyl-1,11-diazatetracyclo[13.3.1.04,12.05,10]nonadeca-4(12),5,7,9-tetraen-13-yl]-10-hydroxy-5-methoxy-8-methyl-8,16-diazapentacyclo[10.6.1.01,9.02,7.016,19]nonadeca-2,4,6,13-tetraene-10-carboxylate", "CC[C@@]1(C[C@H]2C[C@@](C3=C(CCN(C2)C1)C4=CC=CC=C4N3)(C5=C(C=C6C(=C5)C78CCN9[C@H]7[C@@](C=CC9)([C@H]([C@@]([C@@H]8N6C)(C(=O)OC)O)OC(=O)C)CC)OC)C(=O)OC)O", ["Vinblastine is a natural alkaloid isolated from the plant Vinca rosea Linn. Vinblastine binds to tubulin and inhibits microtubule formation, resulting in disruption of mitotic spindle assembly and arrest of tumor cells in the M phase of the cell cycle. This agent may also interfere with amino acid, cyclic AMP, and glutathione metabolism; calmodulin-dependent Ca++ -transport ATPase activity; cellular respiration; and nucleic acid and lipid biosynthesis. (NCI04)", "Antitumor alkaloid isolated from Vinca rosea. (Merck, 11th ed.)"]], ["Vinorelbine Ditartarate", "CCC1=C[C@H]2C[C@@](C3=C(CN(C2)C1)C4=CC=CC=C4N3)(C5=C(C=C6C(=C5)[C@]78CCN9[C@H]7[C@@](C=CC9)([C@H]([C@]([C@@H]8N6C)(C(=O)OC)O)OC(=O)C)CC)OC)C(=O)OC", ["Vinorelbine is a semisynthetic vinca alkaloid. Vinorelbine binds to tubulin and prevents formation of the mitotic spindle, resulting in the arrest of tumor cell growth in metaphase. This agent may also interfere with amino acid, cyclic AMP. and glutathione metabolism; calmodulin-dependent Ca++ -transport ATPase activity; cellular respiration; and nucleic acid and lipid biosynthesis.", "A vinca alkaloid related to VINBLASTINE that is used as a first-line treatment for NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER, or for advanced or metastatic BREAST CANCER refractory to treatment with ANTHRACYCLINES."]], ["Monepantel", "C[C@@](COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C#N)C(F)(F)F)(C#N)NC(=O)C2=CC=C(C=C2)SC(F)(F)F", ["Monepantel is a secondary carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of p-[(trifluoromethyl)sulfanyl]benzoic acid with the amino group of (2S)-2-amino-3-hydroxy-2-methylpropanenitrile in which the hydroxy group has been converted to the corresponding 5-cyano-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl ether. A broad-spectrum nematicide, it is used to control gastrointestinal roundworms in sheep and goats. It has a role as an anthelminthic drug and a nematicide. It is a nitrile, an aryl sulfide, an aromatic ether, a member of (trifluoromethyl)benzenes and a secondary carboxamide."]], ["4-(8-((4-((1S,4S)-5-Isopropyl-2,5-diazabicyclo(2.2.1)heptan-2-yl)phenyl)amino)-(1,2,4)triazolo(1,5-a)pyrazin-5-yl)furan-2-carboxamide", "CC(C)N1C[C@@H]2C[C@H]1CN2C3=CC=C(C=C3)NC4=NC=C(N5C4=NC=N5)C6=COC(=C6)C(=O)N", ["GLPG-0259 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01024517 (GLPG0259 Solid Formulation Bioavailability and Food Effect)."]], ["Unii-4M53T688S5", "CC(O)(P(=O)(O)O)P(=O)(O)OP(=O)(O)OC[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](O1)N2C=CC(=NC2=O)N)O)O", ["Etidronate-Cytarabine Conjugate MBC-11 is a synthetic conjugate composed of the bisphosphonate etidronate linked to the cytostatic agent and antimetabolite cytarabine, with potential antineoplastic and antiresorptive activities. Upon intravenous administration of the etidronate-cytarabine conjugate MBC-11, the etidronate moiety targets bone and the two moieties are released upon hydrolysis. Etidronate binds to hydroxyapatite crystals in bone tissues and prevents its resorption. This prevents bone destruction and induces bone cell mineralization. In addition, the bone-targeting nature of this agent allows for the accumulation of cytarabine in bone tissue, where it is able to exert its antitumor effect locally by competing with cytidine for incorporation into DNA, thereby inhibiting DNA synthesis, while reducing systemic exposure. This leads to a destruction of bone-associated tumor cells, an inhibition of tumor cell proliferation and bone metastasis, and prevents tumor-mediated bone destruction."]], ["Urea, N-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)-N'-(6-((6-methoxy-7-(3-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)propoxy)-4-quinazolinyl)amino)-2-benzothiazolyl)-", "CC1=CC(=C(C=C1)OC)NC(=O)NC2=NC3=C(S2)C=C(C=C3)NC4=NC=NC5=CC(=C(C=C54)OC)OCCCN6CCN(CC6)C", ["4SC-203 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia.", "Multikinase Inhibitor 4SC-203 is a multikinase inhibitor with potential antineoplastic activity. Multikinase inhibitor 4SC-203 selectively inhibits FMS-related tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3/STK1), FLT3 mutated forms, and vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFRs). This may result in the inhibition of angiogenesis and cell proliferation in tumor cells in which these kinases are upregulated. FLT3 (FLK2), a class III tyrosine kinase receptor, is overexpressed or mutated in most B lineage and acute myeloid leukemias (AML). VEGFRs, tyrosine kinase receptors, are overexpressed in a variety of tumor cell types and play key roles in angiogenesis."]], ["Cipargamin", "C[C@H]1CC2=C([C@]3(N1)C4=C(C=CC(=C4)Cl)NC3=O)NC5=CC(=C(C=C25)F)Cl", ["Cipargamin has been used in trials studying the treatment of Malaria, Cure Rate, and Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria."]], ["Vibegron", "C1C[C@@H](N[C@@H]1CC2=CC=C(C=C2)NC(=O)[C@@H]3CCC4=NC=CC(=O)N34)[C@@H](C5=CC=CC=C5)O", ["Vibegron is a pyrrolopyrimidine obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (6S)-4-oxo-4,6,7,8-tetrahydropyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylic acid with the amino group of (R)-[(2R,5S)-5-(4-aminobenzyl)pyrrolidin-2-yl](phenyl)methanol. It is a beta3-adrenergic receptor agonist currently in clinical development for the treatment of patients with overactive bladder. It has a role as a beta-adrenergic agonist. It is a secondary alcohol, a member of pyrrolidines, a member of benzenes, a secondary carboxamide, a pyrrolopyrimidine and a secondary amine.", "Vibegron is a potent, selective beta-3 adrenergic receptor (\u03b23) agonist that relaxes the detrusor smooth muscle of the bladder, thereby increasing bladder capacity. Vibegron was first approved in Japan in September 2018 for the treatment of overactive bladder, a condition associated with distressing symptoms of urge urinary incontinence, urgency, and urinary frequency, and reduced quality of life of patients. On December 23, 2020, vibegron was approved for the same indication in adults. It is available as oral tablets under the market name GEMTESA.   Vibegron is the second beta-3 adrenergic agonist approved for the treatment of overactive bladder following [mirabegron], which was approved in 2012. Unlike mirabegron, vibegron is less likely to be associated with drug-drug interactions involving the CYP3A4, 2D6, or 2C9 enzymes.", "Vibegron is a beta3-Adrenergic Agonist. The mechanism of action of vibegron is as an Adrenergic beta3-Agonist."]], ["Florilglutamic acid (18F)", "C(C[C@@H](C[C@@H](C(=O)O)N)C(=O)O)C[18F]", ["Florilglutamic acid F-18 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02370563 (PET Imaging of Intracranial Cancers With 18F-FSPG).", "Fluorine F 18 Florilglutamic Acid is a radioconjugate composed of the radionuclide fluorine F 18 conjugated to the florilglutamic acid that targets the cystine/glutamate transporter protein (xCT or SLC7A11), which is a subunit of the transport system xc(-), with potential imaging activity upon positron emission tomography (PET). Upon intravenous administration, fluorine F 18 florilglutamic acid specifically binds to xCT and is subsequently taken up by the cell via xc(-). Upon uptake, xc(-) activity can be assessed and tumor cells can be detected and imaged by PET. System xc(-), a sodium-independent, heterodimeric transporter, mediates the cellular uptake of cystine in exchange for intracellular glutamate at the plasma membrane; although, it will take up glutamate as well. Xc(-) shows increased activity in certain tumor cells compared to normal, healthy cells due to increased metabolic activity in tumor cells; it plays a key role in tumor cell proliferation, progression and chemoresistance as well as in the management of oxidative stress."]], ["Cyanokit", "CC1=CC2=C(C=C1C)N(C=N2)[C@@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O3)CO)OP(=O)([O-])O[C@H](C)CNC(=O)CC[C@@]\\4([C@H]([C@@H]5[C@]6([C@@]([C@@H](C(=N6)/C(=C\\7/[C@@]([C@@H](C(=N7)/C=C\\8/C([C@@H](C(=N8)/C(=C4\\[N-]5)/C)CCC(=O)N)(C)C)CCC(=O)N)(C)CC(=O)N)/C)CCC(=O)N)(C)CC(=O)N)C)CC(=O)N)C)O.[OH-].[Co+3]", ["Hydroxocobalamin is an Antidote.", "Hydroxocobalamin is a synthetic form of vitamin B12 that can be used as a dietary supplement to treat vitamin B12 deficiency. Upon administration, hydroxocobalamin mimics vitamin B12 and acts as an essential cofactor in various cellular reactions required for cell growth and replication, and hematopoiesis.", "Hydroxocobalamin is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug.It is an injectable form of vitamin B 12 that has been used therapeutically to treat vitamin B 12 deficiency. [PubChem]", "Injectable form of VITAMIN B 12 that has been used therapeutically to treat VITAMIN B 12 DEFICIENCY."]], ["Dicycloplatin", "C1CC(C1)(C(=O)O)C(=O)O.C1CC(C1)(C(=O)[O-])C(=O)[O-].N.N.[Pt+2]", ["Dicycloplatin is a third-generation, supramolecular platinum-based compound composed of carboplatin linked, by a strong hydrogen bond, to 1,1-cyclobutane dicarboxylate (CBDCA), with potential antineoplastic activity. Although the exact mechanism of action has yet to be fully elucidated, dicycloplatin appears to have a mechanism of action similar to that of other platinum-based compounds, which involves both DNA binding and the formation of DNA crosslinks. This mechanism results in the induction of apoptosis and cell growth inhibition. Compared to carboplatin alone, dicycloplatin shows enhanced solubility and stability in aqueous solution and appears to have a more favorable toxicity profile."]], ["Burixafor", "C1CCC(CC1)NCCCNCC2CCC(CC2)CNC3=NC(=CC(=N3)N4CCN(CC4)CCP(=O)(O)O)N", ["Burixafor has been used in trials studying the treatment of Multiple Myeloma, Hodgkin's Disease, and Non-hodgkin's Lymphoma.", "Burixafor is an orally bioavailable inhibitor of CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) with receptor binding and hematopoietic stem cell-mobilization activities. Burixafor binds to the chemokine receptor CXCR4, thereby preventing the binding of stromal derived factor-1 (SDF-1 or CXCL12) to the CXCR4 receptor and subsequent receptor activation; this may induce the mobilization of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells from the bone marrow into blood. CXCR4, a chemokine receptor belonging to the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) gene family, plays an important role in chemotaxis and angiogenesis and is upregulated in several tumor cell types; CXCL12/CXCR4 interaction induces retention of hematopoietic cells in the bone marrow."]], ["Fruquintinib", "CC1=C(C2=C(O1)C=C(C=C2)OC3=NC=NC4=CC(=C(C=C43)OC)OC)C(=O)NC", ["Fruquintinib is under investigation for the treatment of NSCLC. Fruquintinib has been investigated for the treatment of ColoRectal Cancer.", "Fruquintinib is an orally available, small molecule inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFRs), with potential anti-angiogenic and antineoplastic activities. Upon oral administration, fruquintinib inhibits VEGF-induced phosphorylation of VEGFRs 1, 2, and 3 which may result in the inhibition of migration, proliferation and survival of endothelial cells, microvessel formation, the inhibition of tumor cell proliferation, and tumor cell death. Expression of VEGFRs may be upregulated in a variety of tumor cell types."]], ["(2S,3R)-N-(2-(3-Pyridinylmethyl)-1-azabicyclo(2.2.2)oct-3-yl)-3,5-difluorobenzamide", "C1CN2CCC1[C@H]([C@@H]2CC3=CN=CC=C3)NC(=O)C4=CC(=CC(=C4)F)F", ["TC-6987 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01296087 (TC-6987 for the Treatment of Mild to Moderate Asthma)."]], ["Anagliptin", "CC1=NN2C=C(C=NC2=C1)C(=O)NCC(C)(C)NCC(=O)N3CCC[C@H]3C#N", ["Anagliptin is an amino acid amide.", "Anagliptin is under investigation for the treatment of LDL Cholesterol, Coronary Disease, Diabetes Mellitus, Glycosylated Hemoglobin, and Dipeptidyl-Peptidase 4 Inhibitors.", "Anagliptin is an orally available, potent, selective inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4), with hypoglycemic activity. Compared to vildagliptin, anagliptin caused longer lasting inhibition of DPP-4 activity."]], ["Gedatolisib", "CN(C)C1CCN(CC1)C(=O)C2=CC=C(C=C2)NC(=O)NC3=CC=C(C=C3)C4=NC(=NC(=N4)N5CCOCC5)N6CCOCC6", ["Gedatolisib has been used in trials studying the basic science and treatment of Neoplasm, Ovary Cancer, Breast Cancer, Advanced Cancer, and Endometrial Cancer, among others.", "Gedatolisib is an agent targeting the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in the PI3K/mTOR signaling pathway, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon intravenous administration, gedatolisib inhibits both PI3K and mTOR kinases, which may result in apoptosis and growth inhibition of cancer cells overexpressing PI3K/mTOR. Activation of the PI3K/mTOR pathway promotes cell growth, survival, and resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy; mTOR, a serine/threonine kinase downstream of PI3K, may also be activated independent of PI3K."]], ["1-Azoniabicyclo(2.2.2)octane, 1-(2-(4-fluorophenyl)ethyl)-3-((2S)-1-oxo-2-phenyl-2-(1-piperidinyl)propoxy)-, (3R)-", "C[C@](C1=CC=CC=C1)(C(=O)O[C@H]2C[N+]3(CCC2CC3)CCC4=CC=C(C=C4)F)N5CCCCC5", ["AZD9164 has been used in trials studying the basic science and treatment of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease."]], ["CBL-0137 free base", "CC(C)NCCN1C2=C(C=C(C=C2)C(=O)C)C3=C1C=CC(=C3)C(=O)C", ["CBL0137 is a member of the class of carbazoles that is 9H-carbazole which is substituted by acetyl groups at positions 3 and 6, and by a 2-isopropylethyl group on the nitrogen atom (position 9). It is a modulator of histone chaperone FACT (FAcilitates Chromatin Transcription) - interaction of CBL0137 with the FACT complex results in simultaneous NF-kappa beta suppression, Heat Shock Transcription Factor 1 (HSF1) suppression and p53 activation - and shows antitumour effects in animal models of various cancers. It has a role as a NF-kappaB inhibitor, a p53 activator, an antineoplastic agent and an apoptosis inducer. It is a member of carbazoles, a secondary amino compound, a tertiary amino compound, an aromatic ketone and a methyl ketone."]], ["Urea, N-((1R)-1-(((4S)-4-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-hydroxy-3,3-dimethyl-1-piperidinyl)carbonyl)-2-methylpropyl)-N'-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)-", "CC(C)[C@H](C(=O)N1CC[C@@](C(C1)(C)C)(C2=CC=C(C=C2)Cl)O)NC(=O)NCC(C)(C)O", ["BMS-817399 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01404585 (Proof-of-Concept Study With BMS-817399 to Treat Moderate to Severe Rheumatoid Arthritis)."]], ["Ciforadenant", "CC1=CC=C(O1)C2=C3C(=NC(=N2)N)N(N=N3)CC4=NC(=CC=C4)CO[C@H]5CCOC5", ["Ciforadenant is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02253745 (Safety, Tolerability, PK & Efficacy of V81444 in Volunteers With Attention Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)).", "Ciforadenant is a small molecule immune checkpoint inhibitor of the adenosine A2A receptor (ADORA2A) with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, ciforadenant binds to adenosine A2A receptors expressed on the surface of immune cells, including T-lymphocytes, natural killer (NK) cells, macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs). This prevents tumor-released adenosine from interacting with the A2A receptors on these key immune surveillance cells, thereby abrogating adenosine-induced immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment. This may stimulate anti-tumor immune responses, resulting in tumor regression."]], ["(R)-2-(4-(6-(4-Chlorophenyl)-4-oxothieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-3(4H)-yl)-2-methoxyphenoxy)-1-cyclopropylethyl dihydrogen phosphate", "COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)N2C=NC3=C(C2=O)SC(=C3)C4=CC=C(C=C4)Cl)OC[C@@H](C5CC5)OP(=O)(O)O", ["BMS-830216 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT00909766 (Safety, Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics Study to Evaluate BMS-830216 in Obese Subjects)."]], ["Ptn9ljl6PY", "C[C@@H](C1=CC=CC=C1)NC(=O)/C(=C/C=C/C2=NC(=CC=C2)Br)/C#N", ["MOL-4239 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01826201 (Paired Psoriasis Lesion, Comparative, Study to Evaluate MOL4239 in Psoriasis)."]], ["2,19-Methano-3,7:4,1-dimetheno-1H,11H-14,10,2,9,11,17-benzoxathiatetraazacyclodocosine-8,18(9H,15H)-dione, 27-cyclohexyl-12,13,16,17-tetrahydro-22-methoxy-11,17-dimethyl-, 10,10-dioxide", "CN1CCOCCN(S(=O)(=O)NC(=O)C2=CC3=C(C=C2)C(=C4N3CC(=CC5=C4C=CC(=C5)OC)C1=O)C6CCCCC6)C", ["TMC647055 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Hepatitis C, Chronic Hepatitis C, Hepatitis C, Chronic, and Chronic Hepatitis C Virus."]], ["Dipraglurant", "C1=CC=NC(=C1)C#CCCC2=CN3C=C(C=CC3=N2)F", ["Dipraglurant has been used in trials studying the treatment of Parkinson's Disease. It is a metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) negative allosteric modulator (NAM)."]], ["[(1R,2R,6R,10S,11R,15S,17R)-13-benzyl-6-hydroxy-4,17-dimethyl-5-oxo-15-prop-1-en-2-yl-12,14,18-trioxapentacyclo[11.4.1.01,10.02,6.011,15]octadeca-3,8-dien-8-yl]methyl 2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)acetate", "C[C@@H]1C[C@@]2([C@H]3[C@H]4[C@]1([C@@H]5C=C(C(=O)[C@]5(CC(=C4)COC(=O)CC6=CC(=C(C=C6)O)OC)O)C)OC(O3)(O2)CC7=CC=CC=C7)C(=C)C", ["Resiniferatoxin is a naturally occurring capsaicin analog found in the latex of the cactus Euphorbia resinifera with analgesic activity. Resiniferatoxin (RTX) binds to and activates the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), a non-selective cation channel in the plasma membrane of primary afferent sensory neurons. This increases the permeability to cations, and leads to an influx of calcium and sodium ions. This results in membrane depolarization, causing an irritant effect, followed by desensitization of the sensory neurons thereby inhibiting signal conduction in afferent pain pathways and causing analgesia. TRPV1, a member of the transient receptor potential channel (TRP) superfamily, is a heat- and chemo-sensitive calcium/sodium ion channel that is selectively expressed in a subpopulation of pain-sensing primary afferent neurons."]], ["3-(5-fluorobenzofuran-3-yl)-4-(5-methyl-5H-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-f]indol-7-yl)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione", "CN1C=C(C2=CC3=C(C=C21)OCO3)C4=C(C(=O)NC4=O)C5=COC6=C5C=C(C=C6)F", ["Elraglusib is under investigation in clinical trial NCT04218071 (Actuate 1901: 9-ING-41 in Myelofibrosis).", "Elraglusib is a maleimide-based, small molecule inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3; serine/threonine-protein kinase GSK3) with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon intravenous administration, elraglusib binds to and competitively inhibits GSK-3, which may lead to downregulation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) and decreased expression of NF-kappaB target genes including cyclin D1, B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), anti-apoptotic protein XIAP, and B-cell lymphoma extra-large (Bcl-XL). This may inhibit NF-kappaB-mediated survival and chemoresistance in certain tumor types. GSK-3, a constitutively active serine/threonine kinase that plays a role in numerous pathways involved in protein synthesis, cellular proliferation, differentiation, and metabolism, is aberrantly overexpressed in certain tumor types and may promote tumor cell survival and resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy."]], ["(1R,35R,38R,55S)-6,7,8,11,12,23,24,27,28,29,37,43,44,45,48,49,50-heptadecahydroxy-2,14,21,33,36,39,54-heptaoxaundecacyclo[33.20.0.04,9.010,19.013,18.016,25.017,22.026,31.038,55.041,46.047,52]pentapentaconta-4,6,8,10,12,16,18,22,24,26,28,30,41,43,45,47,49,51-octadecaene-3,15,20,32,40,53-hexone", "C1[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@H]3[C@H](C(O2)O)OC(=O)C4=CC(=C(C(=C4C5=C(C(=C(C=C5C(=O)O3)O)O)O)O)O)O)OC(=O)C6=CC(=C(C(=C6C7=C(C(=C8C9=C7C(=O)OC2=C(C(=C(C3=C(C(=C(C=C3C(=O)O1)O)O)O)C(=C92)C(=O)O8)O)O)O)O)O)O)O", ["Punicalagin is a tannin.", "(1R,35R,38R,55S)-6,7,8,11,12,23,24,27,28,29,37,43,44,45,48,49,50-heptadecahydroxy-2,14,21,33,36,39,54-heptaoxaundecacyclo[33.20.0.04,9.010,19.013,18.016,25.017,22.026,31.038,55.041,46.047,52]pentapentaconta-4,6,8,10,12,16,18,22,24,26,28,30,41,43,45,47,49,51-octadecaene-3,15,20,32,40,53-hexone is a natural product found in Terminalia chebula, Terminalia citrina, and other organisms with data available."]], ["Cerdulatinib", "CCS(=O)(=O)N1CCN(CC1)C2=CC=C(C=C2)NC3=NC=C(C(=N3)NC4CC4)C(=O)N", ["Cerdulatinib is under investigation in clinical trial NCT04021082 (CELTIC-1: A Phase 2B Study of Cerdulatinib in Patients With Relapsed/refractory Peripheral T-cell Lymphoma (PTCL)).", "Cerdulatinib is an orally bioavailable dual inhibitor of spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) and Janus-associated kinases (JAK), with potential anti-inflammatory and antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, cerdulatinib specifically binds to and inhibits the activity of Syk, JAK1, and JAK3 with preferential inhibition of JAK1 and JAK3-dependent cytokine-mediated signaling and functional responses. This negatively affects the downstream JAK-STAT (signal transducer and activator of transcription) pathway, and leads to both reduced inflammation in various animal models and enhanced antiproliferative activity towards non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) cell lines. Syk is a non-receptor cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase involved in signal transduction in cells of hematopoietic origin including B cells, macrophages, basophils and neutrophils. Abnormal function of Syk has been implicated in several hematopoietic malignancies including NHL and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). The JAK-STAT pathway plays a key role in the signaling of many cytokines and growth factors and is involved in cellular proliferation, growth, hematopoiesis, and the immune response; JAK kinases may be upregulated in inflammatory diseases, myeloproliferative disorders, and various malignancies."]], ["(2-Methyl-3-pyridinyl)((2S)-2-methyl-4-((4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)sulfonyl)-1-piperazinyl)methanone", "C[C@H]1CN(CCN1C(=O)C2=C(N=CC=C2)C)S(=O)(=O)C3=CC=C(C=C3)C(F)(F)F", ["CNV-2197944 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01893125 (Efficacy and Safety of CNV2197944 Versus Placebo in Patients With Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy)."]], ["Siponimod", "CCC1=C(C=CC(=C1)/C(=N/OCC2=CC(=C(C=C2)C3CCCCC3)C(F)(F)F)/C)CN4CC(C4)C(=O)O", ["Siponimod, also known as Mayzent, by Novartis, is a new drug formulated for the management of Multiple Sclerosis (MS). It was approved by the FDA on March 26, 2019 and by Health Canada on February 20, 2020. This drug is considered a sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptor modulator and is thought to play a role in suppressing the central nervous system inflammation that is associated with MS.  Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system that is chronic and inflammatory, disrupting communication between the brain and other parts of the body. Most patients diagnosed with this illness experience their initial disease symptoms between the age of 20 to 40, often the most productive years of life. Symptoms may include but are not limited to fatigue, gait changes, bowel or bladder dysfunction, abnormal muscle twitching, vision disturbance, and depressing or mood swings. MS is one of the most common causes of neurological disability in young adults and is found to occur more frequently in women than in men.", "Siponimod is an orally available immunomodulatory drug used to treat relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis. Siponimod is associated with transient serum enzyme elevations during therapy but has not been linked to instances of clinically apparent liver injury with jaundice, although experience with its use has been limited.", "Siponimod is an orally bioavailable sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptor modulator, with potential anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating activities. Upon oral administration, siponimod targets and binds to S1P receptors 1 and 5 on lymphocytes. This prevents the egress of lymphocytes from lymph nodes, thereby reducing both the number of circulating peripheral lymphocytes and the infiltration of lymphocytes into target tissues, such as the central nervous system (CNS). This prevents lymphocyte-mediated immune response and may reduce inflammation. S1P plays a key role in lymphocyte migration from lymphoid tissues. Siponimod does not target S1P receptor 3, the activation of which may be responsible for adverse effects such as bradycardia associated with other S1P receptor modulators."]], ["N-[2-(Dimethylamino)ethyl]-N-methyl-4-[({4-[4-morpholin-4-yl-7-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl]phenyl}carbamoyl)amino]benzamide", "CN(C)CCN(C)C(=O)C1=CC=C(C=C1)NC(=O)NC2=CC=C(C=C2)C3=NC4=C(C=CN4CC(F)(F)F)C(=N3)N5CCOCC5", ["CAY10626 is a member of ureas."]], ["Arfonad", "CC1([C@@H]2CC[C@]1(C(=O)C2)CS(=O)(=O)[O-])C.C1CC2C3C(C[S+]2C1)N(C(=O)N3CC4=CC=CC=C4)CC5=CC=CC=C5", ["Trimethaphan camsylate is the (S)-camphorsulfonate salt of trimethaphan. It has a role as an antihypertensive agent. It contains a trimethaphan and a (S)-camphorsulfonate."]], ["L-Alanine, N-((S)-((((2R,5R)-5-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-4-fluoro-2,5-dihydro-2-furanyl)oxy)methyl)phenoxyphosphinyl)-, ethyl ester", "CCOC(=O)[C@H](C)N[P@@](=O)(CO[C@@H]1C=C([C@@H](O1)N2C=NC3=C(N=CN=C32)N)F)OC4=CC=CC=C4", ["Rovafovir etalafenamide is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03472326 (Efficacy of GS-9131 Functional Monotherapy in HIV-1-Infected Adults Failing a Nucleos(t)Ide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor-Containing Regimen)."]], ["Grazoprevir", "CC(C)(C)[C@H]1C(=O)N2C[C@@H](C[C@H]2C(=O)N[C@@]3(C[C@H]3C=C)C(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C4CC4)OC5=NC6=C(C=CC(=C6)OC)N=C5CCCCC[C@@H]7C[C@H]7OC(=O)N1", ["Grazoprevir is an azamacrocyclic compound that is a hepatitis C protease inhibitor used in combination with elbasvir (under the brand name Zepatier) for treatment of chronic HCV genotypes 1 or 4 infection in adults. It has a role as an antiviral drug, a hepatoprotective agent and a hepatitis C protease inhibitor. It is an azamacrocycle, a carbamate ester, a lactam, an aromatic ether, a member of cyclopropanes, a N-sulfonylcarboxamide and a quinoxaline derivative.", "Grazoprevir is a direct acting antiviral medication used as part of combination therapy to treat chronic Hepatitis C, an infectious liver disease caused by infection with Hepatitis C Virus (HCV). HCV is a single-stranded RNA virus that is categorized into nine distinct genotypes, with genotype 1 being the most common in the United States, and affecting 72% of all chronic HCV patients. Treatment options for chronic Hepatitis C have advanced significantly since 2011, with the development of Direct Acting Antivirals (DAAs) such as Grazoprevir. Grazoprevir is an inhibitor of NS3/4A, a serine protease enzyme, encoded by HCV genotypes 1 and 4 [synthesis]. These enzymes are essential for viral replication and serve to cleave the virally encoded polyprotein into mature proteins like NS3, NS4A, NS4B, NS5A and NS5B. The barrier for develoment of resistance to NS3/4A inhibitors is lower than that of NS5B inhibitors, another class of DAAs. Subtitutions at amino acid positions 155, 156, or 168 are known to confer resistance. The substitutions of the enzyme's catalytic triad consisting of H58, D82, and S139 are also likely to alter the affinity of the drug for NS3/4A or the activity of the enzyme itself. Despite this disadvantage Grazoprevir is still effective against HCV particularly when paired with [DB11574].  In a joint recommendation published in 2016, the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) and the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) recommend Grazoprevir as first line therapy in combination with [DB11574] for genotypes 1a, 1b, and 4 of Hepatitis C. Grazoprevir and [DB11574] are used with or without [DB00811] with the intent to cure, or achieve a sustained virologic response (SVR), after 12 weeks of daily therapy. SVR and eradication of HCV infection is associated with significant long-term health benefits including reduced liver-related damage, improved quality of life, reduced incidence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma, and reduced all-cause mortality.  Grazoprevir is available as a fixed dose combination product with [DB11574] (tradename Zepatier) used for the treatment of chronic Hepatitis C. Approved in January 2016 by the FDA, Zepatier is indicated for the treatment of HCV genotypes 1 and 4 with or without [DB00811] depending on the the presence of resistance associated amino acid substitutions in the NS5A protein and previous treatment failure with [DB00811], [DB00008], [DB00022], or other NS3/4A inhibitors like [DB08873], [DB06290], or [DB05521]. When combined together, Grazoprevir and [DB11574] as the combination product Zepatier have been shown to achieve a SVR between 94% and 97% for genotype 1 and 97% and 100% for genotype 4 after 12 weeks of treatment. It can be used in patients with compensated cirrhosis, human immunodeficiency virus co-infection, or severe kidney disease.", "Grazoprevir anhydrous is a Hepatitis C Virus NS3/4A Protease Inhibitor. The mechanism of action of grazoprevir anhydrous is as a HCV NS3/4A Protease Inhibitor, and Breast Cancer Resistance Protein Inhibitor, and Cytochrome P450 3A Inhibitor."]], ["Icotinib Hydrochloride", "C#CC1=CC(=CC=C1)NC2=NC=NC3=CC4=C(C=C32)OCCOCCOCCO4.Cl", ["Icotinib Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of icotinib, an orally available quinazoline-based inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), with potential antineoplastic activity. Icotinib selectively inhibits the wild-type and several mutated forms of EGFR tyrosine kinase. This may lead to an inhibition of EGFR-mediated signal transduction and may inhibit cancer cell proliferation. EGFR, a receptor tyrosine kinase, has been upregulated in a variety of cancer cell types."]], ["3-(5-(4-(1H-Imidazol-1-yl)phenyl)-1-(4-carbamoyl-2-methylphenyl)-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)propanoic acid", "CC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C(=O)N)N2C(=CC=C2C3=CC=C(C=C3)N4C=CN=C4)CCC(=O)O", ["N6022 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Asthma and Cystic Fibrosis."]], ["Etrasimod", "C1CCC(C1)C2=C(C=C(C=C2)COC3=CC4=C(C=C3)NC5=C4CC[C@@H]5CC(=O)O)C(F)(F)F", ["Etrasimod is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03945188 (Etrasimod Versus Placebo for the Treatment of Moderately to Severely Active Ulcerative Colitis)."]], ["Ethanesulfonic acid, 2-((4-((2R)-2-(4'-(1,1-dimethylethyl)(1,1'-biphenyl)-4-yl)-3-oxo-3-((2',4',6'-trimethyl(1,1'-biphenyl)-4-yl)amino)propyl)benzoyl)amino)-", "CC1=CC(=C(C(=C1)C)C2=CC=C(C=C2)NC(=O)[C@H](CC3=CC=C(C=C3)C(=O)NCCS(=O)(=O)O)C4=CC=C(C=C4)C5=CC=C(C=C5)C(C)(C)C)C", ["LGD-6972 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01919684 (Study to Evaluate Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of LGD-6972 in Healthy Subjects and Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus)."]], ["Edasalonexent", "CC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCC(=O)NCCNC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O", ["Edasalonexent is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01511900 (A Multiple Ascending Dose Study of CAT-1004 in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes)."]], ["N-[(2s,3s,4r)-3,4-Dihydroxy-1-{[(1s,2s,3r,4r,5s)-2,3,4,5-Tetrahydroxycyclohexyl]amino}octadecan-2-Yl]hexacosanamide", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)N[C@@H](CN[C@H]1C[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]1O)O)O)O)[C@@H]([C@@H](CCCCCCCCCCCCCC)O)O", ["HS44 is an N-acyl-1-deoxy-4-hydroxysphinganine in which the acyl group on nitrogen is hexacosanoyl and in which C-1 is substituted by a cyclitolic [(1S,2S,3R,4R,5S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxycyclohexyl] amino group. It is a synthetic analogue of the CD1d-presented agonist alpha-galactosylceramide. It has a role as an epitope. It is an amino cyclitol and a N-acyl-1-deoxy-4-hydroxysphinganine."]], ["validoxylamine A 7'-phosphate", "C1[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]1N[C@H]2C=C([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]2O)O)O)CO)O)O)O)COP(=O)(O)O", ["Validoxylamine A 7'-phosphate is a cyclitol phosphate that is validoxylamine A carrying a single monophosphate substituent at position 7'. It has a role as a bacterial metabolite. It is an amino cyclitol, a cyclitol phosphate and a secondary amino compound. It is a conjugate acid of a validoxylamine A 7'-phosphate(1-)."]], ["CID 44630049", "[C@@H]1([C@@H]([C@H](O[C@H]([C@H]1O)O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](O[C@H]2C(=O)O)O[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](O[C@H]3C(=O)[O-])O)O)O)O)O)C(=O)[O-])O)O.[Ca+2]", ["Salts and esters of ALGINIC ACID that are used as HYDROGELS; DENTAL IMPRESSION MATERIALS, and as absorbent materials for surgical dressings (BANDAGES, HYDROCOLLOID). They are also used to manufacture MICROSPHERES and NANOPARTICLES for DIAGNOSTIC REAGENT KITS and DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS."]], ["Crocetin digentiobiosyl ester", "C/C(=C\\C=C\\C=C(\\C=C\\C=C(\\C(=O)OC1O[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]1O)O)O)CO[C@@H]2O[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]2O)O)O)CO)/C)/C)/C=C/C=C(/C(=O)OC3O[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]3O)O)O)CO[C@@H]4O[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]4O)O)O)CO)\\C", ["Crocetin digentiobiosyl ester is a natural product found in Crocus sativus with data available."]], ["(1S,4Z,6R,10R,12E,14S,15S,17S,18S,19S)-19-benzyl-6,15-dihydroxy-10,17-dimethyl-16-methylidene-2-oxa-20-azatricyclo[12.7.0.01,18]henicosa-4,12-diene-3,21-dione", "C[C@@H]1CCC[C@H](/C=C\\C(=O)O[C@]23[C@@H](/C=C/C1)[C@@H](C(=C)[C@H]([C@H]2[C@@H](NC3=O)CC4=CC=CC=C4)C)O)O", ["LSM-6235 is a cytochalasin."]], ["Mexitil", "CC1=C(C(=CC=C1)C)OCC(C)[NH3+].[Cl-]", ["Mexiletine hydrochloride is a hydrochloride composed of equimolar amounts of mexiletine and hydrogen chloride. It has a role as an anti-arrhythmia drug. It contains a mexiletine.", "Antiarrhythmic agent pharmacologically similar to LIDOCAINE. It may have some anticonvulsant properties."]], ["N-{4-[(1r,3s,5s)-3-Amino-5-Methylcyclohexyl]pyridin-3-Yl}-6-(2,6-Difluorophenyl)-5-Fluoropyridine-2-Carboxamide", "C[C@H]1C[C@H](C[C@H](C1)N)C2=C(C=NC=C2)NC(=O)C3=NC(=C(C=C3)F)C4=C(C=CC=C4F)F", ["LGH-447 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02160951 (Dose Escalation Study of LGH447 in Japanese Patients With Relapsed and/or Refractory Hematologic Malignancies).", "PIM Kinase Inhibitor LGH447 is an orally available pan-PIM protein kinase inhibitor with potential antineoplastic activity. PIM kinase inhibitor LGH447 binds to and inhibits the activities of PIM-1, -2 and -3 serine/threonine kinases, which may result in the interruption of the G1/S phase cell cycle transition, the expression of the pro-apoptotic Bcl2 protein and tumor cell apoptosis in cells that overexpress PIMs. PIM kinases, downstream effectors of many cytokine and growth factor signaling pathways, play key roles in cell cycle progression and apoptosis inhibition and may be overexpressed in various malignancies."]], ["4-((S)-2-((4-(4-chlorophenoxy)phenoxy)Methyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl)butanoic acid hydrochloride", "C1C[C@H](N(C1)CCCC(=O)O)COC2=CC=C(C=C2)OC3=CC=C(C=C3)Cl.Cl", ["DG051 is a novel small-molecule inhibitor of leukotriene A4 hydrolase (LTA4H), the protein made by one of the genes in the leukotriene pathway that has been shown to link to risk of heart attack. DG051 is designed to decrease risk of heart attack by decreasing the production of leukotriene B4 (LTB4), an end product of the leukotriene pathway and a potent promoter of inflammation."]], ["(1R)-1-amino-13-ethylidene-11-methyl-6-azatricyclo[7.3.1.02,7]trideca-2(7),3,10-trien-5-one", "CC=C1C2CC3=C([C@]1(CC(=C2)C)N)C=CC(=O)N3", ["(1R)-1-amino-13-ethylidene-11-methyl-6-azatricyclo[7.3.1.02,7]trideca-2(7),3,10-trien-5-one is a natural product found in Paecilomyces tenuis with data available."]], ["Pharmakon1600-01505470", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@H](C(O[C@@H]1SC)[C@@H]([C@H](C)Cl)NC(=O)[C@@H]2C[C@H](CN2C)CCC)O)O.Cl", ["Clindamycin Palmitate Hydrochloride is the palmitate hydrochloride form of clindamycin, a semi-synthetic, chlorinated broad spectrum antibiotic produced by chemical modification of lincomycin. Clindamycin palmitate hydrochloride is used for oral suspension."]], ["(6aR)-7,11b-dihydro-6H-indeno[2,1-c]chromene-3,4,6a,9,10-pentol", "C1C2=CC(=C(C=C2C3[C@]1(COC4=C3C=CC(=C4O)O)O)O)O", ["Hematoxylin appears as white to yellowish crystals that redden on exposure to light. (NTP, 1992)", "A dye obtained from the heartwood of logwood (Haematoxylon campechianum Linn., Leguminosae) used as a stain in microscopy and in the manufacture of ink."]], ["Cetirizine N-oxide", "C1C[N+](CCN1C(C2=CC=CC=C2)C3=CC=C(C=C3)Cl)(CCOCC(=O)O)[O-]", ["Cetirizine n-oxide is a diarylmethane."]], ["Itraconazole-d5 (major)", "[2H]C([2H])([2H])C([2H])([2H])C(C)N1C(=O)N(C=N1)C2=CC=C(C=C2)N3CCN(CC3)C4=CC=C(C=C4)OC[C@H]5CO[C@](O5)(CN6C=NC=N6)C7=C(C=C(C=C7)Cl)Cl", ["Itraconazole is an antifungal prescription medicine approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of certain fungal infections, such as:", "Itraconazole is a orally administered, triazole antifungal agent used in the treatment of systemic and superficial fungal infections. Itraconazole therapy is associated with transient, mild-to-moderate serum elevations and can lead to clinically apparent acute drug induced liver injury.", "Itraconazole is a synthetic triazole agent with antimycotic properties. Formulated for both topical and systemic use, itraconazole preferentially inhibits fungal cytochrome P450 enzymes, resulting in a decrease in fungal ergosterol synthesis.  Because of its low toxicity profile, this agent can be used for long-term maintenance treatment of chronic fungal infections. (NCI04)", "A triazole antifungal agent that inhibits cytochrome P-450-dependent enzymes required for ERGOSTEROL synthesis."]], ["Zinc L-carnosine", "C1=C(NC=N1)C[C@@H](C(=O)[O-])[N-]C(=O)CC[NH-].[Zn+2]", ["Polaprezinc is an orally bioavailable chelate composed of zinc and L-carnosine, with potential gastroprotective, anti-oxidant, anti-ulcer and anti-inflammatory activities. Upon administration, polaprezinc increases the expression of various anti-oxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD-1), SOD-2, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px), peroxidredoxin-1 (PRDX1; PRXI) and PRXD5 (PRXV) in the gastric mucosa, which protect cells against reactive oxygen species (ROS). In addition, this agent inhibits the activity of the transcription factor nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and reduces the expression of several pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL) 1beta, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a). Polaprezinc also increases the expression of various growth factors, such as platelet-derived growth factor-B (PDGF-B), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and nerve growth factor (NGF), and various heat shock proteins (HSPs), including HSP90, HSP70, HSP60, HSP47, HSP27, and HSP10. This protects against damages to, and accelerates healing of the gastric mucosa."]], ["Saquinavir-d9", "[2H]C([2H])([2H])C(C([2H])([2H])[2H])(C([2H])([2H])[2H])NC(=O)[C@@H]1C[C@@H]2CCCC[C@@H]2CN1C[C@H]([C@H](CC3=CC=CC=C3)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)N)NC(=O)C4=NC5=CC=CC=C5C=C4)O", ["An HIV protease inhibitor which acts as an analog of an HIV protease cleavage site. It is a highly specific inhibitor of HIV-1 and HIV-2 proteases, and also inhibits CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A."]], ["methyl (1R,10S,11R,12R)-11-acetyloxy-12-ethyl-4-[(13S,15S,17S)-17-ethyl-17-hydroxy-13-methoxycarbonyl-1,11-diazatetracyclo[13.3.1.04,12.05,10]nonadeca-4(12),5,7,9-tetraen-13-yl]-8-formyl-10-hydroxy-5-methoxy-8,16-diazapentacyclo[10.6.1.01,9.02,7.016,19]nonadeca-2,4,6,13-tetraene-10-carboxylate;sulfuric acid", "CC[C@@]1(C[C@@H]2C[C@@](C3=C(CCN(C2)C1)C4=CC=CC=C4N3)(C5=C(C=C6C(=C5)[C@]78CCN9C7[C@@](C=CC9)([C@H]([C@@](C8N6C=O)(C(=O)OC)O)OC(=O)C)CC)OC)C(=O)OC)O.OS(=O)(=O)O", ["Vincristine sulfate appears as an anticancer drug. White to slightly yellow, amorphous or crystalline powder. Sensitive to light. Odorless. pH (0.1% solution) 3.5 - 4.5. (NTP, 1992)", "Vincristine Sulfate is the sulfate salt of a natural alkaloid isolated from the plant Catharanthus roseus (Vinca rosea L.) with antimitotic and antineoplastic activities. Vincristine binds irreversibly to microtubules and spindle proteins in S phase of the cell cycle and interferes with the formation of the mitotic spindle, thereby arresting tumor cells in metaphase. This agent also depolymerizes microtubules and may also interfere with amino acid, cyclic AMP, and glutathione metabolism; calmodulin-dependent Ca(2+)-activated ATPase activity; cellular respiration; and nucleic acid and lipid biosynthesis.", "An antitumor alkaloid isolated from VINCA ROSEA. (Merck, 11th ed.)"]], ["Unii-K2T93E812G", "COC(=O)CC1(C[C@H]2CC[C@H]2C1)CN", ["PD-217,014 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Pain and Irritable Bowel Syndrome."]], ["Nvp-leq-506", "C[C@@H]1CN(CCN1C2=NC=C(N=C2)C(C)(C)O)C3=NN=C(C(=C3C)C)CC4=CC=CC=C4", ["LEQ506 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Advanced Solid Tumors, Recurrent or Refractory Medulloblastoma, and Locally Advanced or Metastatic Basal Cell Carcinoma.", "Smoothened Antagonist LEQ506 is an orally bioavailable small-molecule Smoothened (Smo) antagonist with potential antineoplastic activity. Smoothened antagonist LEQ506 selectively binds to the Hedgehog (Hh)-ligand cell surface receptor Smo, which may result in the suppression of the Hh signaling pathway, thereby inhibiting tumor cell growth. The Hh signaling pathway plays an important role in cellular growth, differentiation and repair. Dysregulated activation of Hh pathway signaling and uncontrolled cellular proliferation, as is observed in a variety of cancers, may be associated with mutations in the Hh-ligand cell surface receptor Smo."]], ["Guanosine, 2'-deoxy-6-O-ethyl-2'-fluoro-2'-methyl-, cyclic 3',5'-(1-methylethyl (R)-phosphate), (2'R)-", "CCOC1=NC(=NC2=C1N=CN2[C@H]3[C@]([C@H]4[C@H](O3)CO[P@](=O)(O4)OC(C)C)(C)F)N", ["PSI-352938 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Hepatitis C and Hepatitis C, Chronic."]], ["(3R,20R,24R,28S,34Z,36S,38R,41S)-N-(Cyclopropylsulfonyl)-9-methoxy-26,40,42-trioxo-4,25-dioxa-1,6,13,27,39-pentaazaheptacyclo(26.13.1.1(sup 3,41).0(sup 5,14).0(sup 7,12).0(sup 20,24).0(sup 36,38))tritetraconta-5,7,9,11,13,34-hexaene-38-carboxamide", "CC1(CC1)S(=O)(=O)NC(=O)[C@]2(C[C@H]2C=C)NC(=O)[C@@H]3C[C@@H]4CN3C(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)O[C@@H]5CCC[C@H]5CCCCCN6C(=O)C7=C(C=C(C=C7)OC)N=C6O4)C8CCCC8", ["MK-2748 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01593735 (A Multiple Dose Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of MK-2748 in Hepatitis C-Infected Participants (MK-2748-002 AM1))."]], ["Paritaprevir", "CC1=CN=C(C=N1)C(=O)N[C@H]2CCCCC/C=C\\[C@@H]3C[C@]3(NC(=O)[C@@H]4C[C@H](CN4C2=O)OC5=NC6=CC=CC=C6C7=CC=CC=C75)C(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C8CC8", ["Paritaprevir is a direct acting antiviral medication used as part of combination therapy to treat chronic Hepatitis C, an infectious liver disease caused by infection with Hepatitis C Virus (HCV). HCV is a single-stranded RNA virus that is categorized into nine distinct genotypes, with genotype 1 being the most common in the United States, and affecting 72% of all chronic HCV patients. Treatment options for chronic Hepatitis C have advanced significantly since 2011, with the development of Direct Acting Antivirals (DAAs) such as paritaprevir. As a newer generation and directly acting HCV antiviral, paritaprevir products have better Sustained Virological Response (SVR) rates, higher barriers to resistance, fewer side effects, and a reduced pill burden compared to older agents such as [DB08873], [DB05521], [DB00008], [DB00022], and [DB00811]. By combining multiple antiretroviral medications into fixed dose products, the viral lifecycle can be targeted at multiple stages while simultaneously reducing the risk of developing resistant viral strains. Within Canada and the United States, paritaprevir is currently available in three fixed dose products: Viekira Pak (FDA), Technivie (FDA and Health Canada), and Holkira Pak (Health Canada).  More specifically, paritaprevir prevents viral replication by inhibiting the NS3/4A serine protease of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV). Following viral replication of HCV genetic material and translation into a single polypeptide, Nonstructural Protein 3 (NS3) and its activating cofactor Nonstructural Protein 4A (NS4A) are responsible for cleaving genetic material into the following structural and nonstructural proteins required for assembly into mature virus: NS3, NS4A, NS4B, NS5A, and NS5B. By inhibiting viral protease NS3/4A, paritaprevir therefore prevents viral replication and function.   In a joint recommendation published in 2016, the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) and the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) recommend Paritaprevir as a first line therapy option when used in combination with other antivirals for genotypes 1a, 1b, and 4. Depending on the genotype, Paritaprevir is often used in combination with other antivirals such as [DB09296], [DB09183], [DB00503], and [DB00811], with the intent to cure, or achieve a sustained virologic response (SVR), after 12 weeks of daily therapy. SVR and eradication of HCV infection is associated with significant long-term health benefits including reduced liver-related damage, improved quality of life, reduced incidence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma, and reduced all-cause mortality. Treatment with direct acting antivirals such as paritaprevir is associated with very minimal side effects, with the most common being headache and fatigue. Lack of significant side effects and short duration of therapy is a considerable advantage over older interferon-based regimens, which were limited by infusion site reactions, reduced blood count, and neuropsychiatric effects.   Paritaprevir first came on the market as a fixed-dose combination product with [DB09296], [DB09183], and [DB00503] as the FDA-approved product Viekira Pak. First approved in December 2014, Viekira Pak is indicated for the treatment of HCV genotype 1b without cirrhosis or with compensated cirrhosis, and when combined with [DB00811] for the treatment of HCV genotype 1a without cirrhosis or with compensated cirrhosis.  Paritaprevir is also available as a fixed-dose combination product with [DB09296] and [DB00503] as the FDA- and Health Canada-approved product Technivie. First approved in July 2015, Technivie is indicated in combination with [DB00811] for the treatment of patients with genotype 4 chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection without cirrhosis or with compensated cirrhosis.  In Canada, paritaprevir is also available as a fixed-dose combination product with [DB09296], [DB09183], and [DB00503] as the Health Canada-approved, commercially available product Holkira Pak. First approved in January 2015, Holkira Pak is indicated for the treatment of HCV genotype 1b with or without cirrhosis, and when combined with [DB00811] for the treatment of HCV genotype 1a with or without cirrhosis.", "Paritaprevir is a Hepatitis C Virus NS3/4A Protease Inhibitor. The mechanism of action of paritaprevir is as a HCV NS3/4A Protease Inhibitor, and Organic Anion Transporting Polypeptide 1B1 Inhibitor, and Organic Anion Transporting Polypeptide 1B3 Inhibitor, and Breast Cancer Resistance Protein Inhibitor, and UGT1A1 Inhibitor, and P-Glycoprotein Inhibitor.", "Paritaprevir is an orally bioavailable, synthetic acylsulfonamide inhibitor of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) protease complex comprised of non-structural protein 3 and 4A (NS3/NS4A), with potential activity against HCV genotype 1. Upon administration, paritaprevir reversibly binds to the active center and binding site of the HCV NS3/NS4A protease and prevents NS3/NS4A protease-mediated polyprotein maturation. This disrupts both the processing of viral proteins and the formation of the viral replication complex, which inhibits viral replication in HCV genotype 1-infected host cells. NS3, a serine protease, is essential for the proteolytic cleavage of multiple sites within the HCV polyprotein and plays a key role during HCV ribonucleic acid (RNA) replication. NS4A is an activating factor for NS3. HCV is a small, enveloped, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Flaviviridae family, and infection is associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)."]], ["1-Palmityl-2-(4-carboxybutyl)-SN-glycero-3-phosphocholine", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OCCCCC(=O)O", ["VB-201 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01001468 (Study to Assess VB-201 in Patients With Psoriasis)."]], ["Sonidegib phosphate", "C[C@@H]1CN(C[C@@H](O1)C)C2=NC=C(C=C2)NC(=O)C3=CC=CC(=C3C)C4=CC=C(C=C4)OC(F)(F)F.OP(=O)(O)O.OP(=O)(O)O", ["Sonidegib phosphate is a phosphate salt obtained by reaction sonidegib with two equivalent of phosphoric acid. Used for treatment of locally advanced basal cell carcinoma. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent, a SMO receptor antagonist and a Hedgehog signaling pathway inhibitor. It contains a sonidegib."]], ["Apatinib Mesylate", "CS(=O)(=O)O.C1CCC(C1)(C#N)C2=CC=C(C=C2)NC(=O)C3=C(N=CC=C3)NCC4=CC=NC=C4", ["Rivoceranib Mesylate is the mesylate salt of rivoceranib, an orally bioavailable, small-molecule receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor with potential antiangiogenic and antineoplastic activities. Rivoceranib selectively binds to and inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2, which may inhibit VEGF-stimulated endothelial cell migration and proliferation and decrease tumor microvessel density. In addition, this agent mildly inhibits c-Kit and c-SRC tyrosine kinases."]], ["CID 45157716", "[Li].C(C(=O)O)C(CC(=O)O)(C(=O)O)O.O", ["Lithium Citrate is the citrate salt of lithium, a monovalent cation with antimanic activity. Although the exact mechanism is unclear, lithium might exert its mood-stabilizing effect via reduction of catecholamine concentration mediated through transneuronal membrane transport of sodium ion by sodium-potassium-stimulated adenosine triphosphatase (Na-K-ATPase). Alternatively, lithium may decrease cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) concentrations, which would desensitize hormonal-sensitive adenylyl cyclase receptors. Furthermore, lithium, in recommended dosage, blocks the activity of inositol-1-phosphatase, thereby resulting in the subsequent decrease of postsynaptic second messengers, diacylglycerol and inositol triphosphate, that contribute to chronic cell stimulation by altering electrical activity in the neuron."]], ["Lisavanbulin", "C1=CC=C2C(=C1)N=C(N2CC(=O)C3=CC=C(C=C3)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)N)C4=NON=C4NCCC#N", ["Lisavanbulin is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02895360 (Phase 1/2a Study of BAL101553 as 48-hour Infusions in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors or Recurrent Glioblastoma).", "Lisavanbulin is an orally available, highly water-soluble lysine prodrug of the synthetic small molecule BAL27862 with potential antitumor activity. Upon administration of lisavanbulin and conversion into the active form BAL27862, this agent binds to tubulin at a site distinct from the vinca-alkaloid-binding site, and prevents tubulin polymerization and destabilizes microtubules, ultimately leading to cell cycle arrest, blockage of cell division and an induction of cell death in cancer cells."]], ["1,3-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)propan-2-aminium (5Z,9alpha,11beta,13E,15S)-9,11,15-trihydroxy-15-methylprosta-5,13-dien-1-oate", "CCCCC[C@@](C)(/C=C/[C@H]1[C@H](C[C@@H]([C@@H]1C/C=C\\CCCC(=O)[O-])O)O)O.C(C(CO)(CO)[NH3+])O", ["Carboprost tromethamine is the tromethamine salt of carboprost. It is used as an abortifacient agent that is effective in both the first and second trimesters of pregnancy. It has a role as an oxytocic and an abortifacient. It contains a carboprost(1-) and a member of Htris.", "A nonsteroidal abortifacient agent that is effective in both the first and second trimesters of pregnancy."]], ["2-ammonio-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose", "C([C@@H]1[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](C(O1)O)[NH3+])O)O)O", ["2-ammonio-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose is an ammonium ion that is the conjugate acid of 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose. It has a role as a human metabolite. It is an ammonium ion derivative and a primary ammonium ion. It is a conjugate acid of a 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose."]], ["(2R)-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid; (2R,4S)-2-({[(5R)-5-amino-5-carboxypentyl]carbamoyl}(2-phenylacetamido)methyl)-5,5-dimethyl-1,3-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid", "CC1([C@@H](N[C@H](S1)C(C(=O)NCCCC[C@H](C(=O)O)N)NC(=O)CC2=CC=CC=C2)C(=O)O)C.C(CCN)C[C@H](C(=O)O)N", ["Benzylpenicilloyl polylysine is poly-L-lysine (n > 40) in which 50-70% of the epsilon-amino groups are substituted with benzylpenicilloyl groups. It is used as a skin-testing reagent to detect immunoglobulin E antibodies in people with a history of penicillin allergy. It has a role as a diagnostic agent. It is a thiazolidinemonocarboxylic acid, a random copolymer, an amino acid amide and a polypeptide. It is functionally related to a benzylpenicillin.", "Benzylpenicilloyl polylysine is used as a skin-testing reagent to detect immunoglobulin E antibodies in people with a history of penicillin allergy. The quantitation of in vitro IgE antibodies to the benzylpenicilloyl determinant is a useful tool for evaluating allergic subjects."]], ["5-Pyrimidineacetic acid, 4,6-bis(dimethylamino)-2-((4-((4-(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl)amino)phenyl)methyl)-", "CN(C)C1=C(C(=NC(=N1)CC2=CC=C(C=C2)NC(=O)C3=CC=C(C=C3)C(F)(F)F)N(C)C)CC(=O)O", ["Bi 671800 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Asthma and Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial."]], ["Relenopride", "COC1=CC(=C(C=C1C(=O)NCC2CCN(CC2)CC[C@@H](C3=CC=C(C=C3)F)OC(=O)N)Cl)N", ["Relenopride has been used in trials studying the treatment of Chronic Idiopathic Constipation."]], ["beta-Methasone 17,21-dipropionate", "CCC(=O)OCC(=O)[C@]1([C@H](CC2[C@@]1(CC([C@]3(C2CCC4=CC(=O)C=C[C@@]43C)F)O)C)C)OC(=O)CC", ["Betamethasone Dipropionate is the 17,21-dipropionate ester of betamethasone, a synthetic glucocorticoid with metabolic, immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory actions. Betamethasone dipropionate binds to specific intracellular glucocorticoid receptors and subsequently binds to DNA to modify gene expression. The synthesis of certain anti-inflammatory proteins is induced while the synthesis of certain inflammatory mediators is inhibited.  As a result, there is an overall reduction in chronic inflammation and autoimmune reactions."]], ["[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-[[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl] (1S,2R,4aS,6aR,6aR,6bR,8R,8aR,9R,10R,11R,12aR,14bS)-8,10,11-trihydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-1,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-2,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydro-1H-picene-4a-carboxylate", "C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(C[C@H]([C@@H]5[C@@]4(C[C@H]([C@@H]([C@@]5(C)CO)O)O)C)O)C)[C@@H]2[C@H]1C)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO[C@H]7[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O7)CO)O[C@H]8[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O8)C)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O", ["[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-[[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl] (1S,2R,4aS,6aR,6aR,6bR,8R,8aR,9R,10R,11R,12aR,14bS)-8,10,11-trihydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-1,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-2,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydro-1H-picene-4a-carboxylate is a natural product found in Centella asiatica with data available."]], ["1H-indole, 2-(2-((3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)methylene)-3-methoxy-2H-pyrrol-5-yl)-", "CC1=CC(=C(N1)C=C2C(=C/C(=C/3\\C=C4C=CC=CC4=N3)/N2)OC)C", ["Obatoclax is a small molecule and a pan-inhibitor of Bcl-2 family proteins, with pro-apoptotic activity. GX015-070 is a selective antagonist of the BH3-binding groove of the Bcl-2 family proteins, which are frequently overexpressed in cancers including chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). This agent induces/restores apoptosis in cancer cells by inhibiting apoptosis suppressors in multiple members of the Bcl-2 family simultaneously."]], ["cobalt(2+);[5-(5,6-dimethylbenzimidazol-1-yl)-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl] [(2S)-1-[3-[(2R,3R,4Z,7S,9Z,12S,13S,14Z,17S,18S,19R)-2,13,18-tris(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-7,12,17-tris(3-amino-3-oxopropyl)-3,5,8,8,13,15,18,19-octamethyl-2,7,12,17-tetrahydro-1H-corrin-21-id-3-yl]propanoylamino]propan-2-yl] phosphate;hydrate", "CC1=CC2=C(C=C1C)N(C=N2)C3C(C(C(O3)CO)OP(=O)([O-])O[C@@H](C)CNC(=O)CC[C@@]\\4([C@H](C5[C@]6([C@@]([C@@H](C(=N6)/C(=C\\7/[C@@]([C@@H](C(=N7)/C=C\\8/C([C@@H](C(=N8)/C(=C4\\[N-]5)/C)CCC(=O)N)(C)C)CCC(=O)N)(C)CC(=O)N)/C)CCC(=O)N)(C)CC(=O)N)C)CC(=O)N)C)O.O.[Co+2]", ["Hydroxocobalamin is a synthetic form of vitamin B12 that can be used as a dietary supplement to treat vitamin B12 deficiency. Upon administration, hydroxocobalamin mimics vitamin B12 and acts as an essential cofactor in various cellular reactions required for cell growth and replication, and hematopoiesis.", "Injectable form of VITAMIN B 12 that has been used therapeutically to treat VITAMIN B 12 DEFICIENCY."]], ["[(2R,3R)-4-(dimethylamino)-3-methyl-1,2-diphenylbutan-2-yl] propanoate;naphthalene-2-sulfonic acid", "CCC(=O)O[C@@](CC1=CC=CC=C1)(C2=CC=CC=C2)[C@H](C)CN(C)C.C1=CC=C2C=C(C=CC2=C1)S(=O)(=O)O", ["Propoxyphene Napsylate is a synthetic diphenyl propionate derivative structurally related to methadone, Propoxyphene Napsylate acts as a central narcotic and analgesic agent by interaction with mu opioid receptors, but with less selectivity then morphine. The dextro-isomer has analgesic effect, while the levo-isomer exerts an antitussive effect. The napsylate salt allows better dosage formulation than the hydrochloride salt. (NCI04)"]], ["Fozitec", "CCC(=O)O[C@H](C(C)C)O[P@@](=O)(CCCCC1=CC=CC=C1)CC(=O)N2C[C@@H](C[C@H]2C(=O)O)C3CCCCC3", ["Fosinopril is an Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor. The mechanism of action of fosinopril is as an Angiotensin-converting Enzyme Inhibitor.", "Fosinopril is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor used in the therapy of hypertension and heart failure. Fosinopril is associated with a low rate of transient serum aminotransferase elevations during therapy and has been linked to rare instances of acute liver injury.", "Fosinopril is a phosphinic acid-containing angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor with antihypertensive activity. As an ester prodrug, fosinopril is hydrolysed by esterases to its active metabolite fosinoprilat. Fosinoprilat specifically and competitively inhibits angiotensin-converting enzyme thereby decreasing the formation of the potent vasoconstrictor angiotensin II, resulting in diminished vasopressor activity. In addition, angiotensin II-mediated aldosterone secretion by adrenal cortex is decreased, which results in a decrease of sodium retention and an increase in water outflow.", "A phosphinic acid-containing angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor that is effective in the treatment of hypertension. It is a prodrug that is converted to its active metabolite fosinoprilat."]], ["[(2R,3R,4S,5R)-6-[2-chloro-1-[[(2S)-1-methyl-4-propylpyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]propyl]-4,5-dihydroxy-2-methylsulfanyloxan-3-yl] hexadecanoate;hydrochloride", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@H](C(O[C@@H]1SC)C(C(C)Cl)NC(=O)[C@@H]2CC(CN2C)CCC)O)O.Cl", ["Clindamycin Palmitate Hydrochloride is the palmitate hydrochloride form of clindamycin, a semi-synthetic, chlorinated broad spectrum antibiotic produced by chemical modification of lincomycin. Clindamycin palmitate hydrochloride is used for oral suspension."]], ["methyl (10S,11R,12R)-11-acetyloxy-12-ethyl-4-[(13S,15S,17S)-17-ethyl-17-hydroxy-13-methoxycarbonyl-1,11-diazatetracyclo[13.3.1.04,12.05,10]nonadeca-4(12),5,7,9-tetraen-13-yl]-8-formyl-10-hydroxy-5-methoxy-8,16-diazapentacyclo[10.6.1.01,9.02,7.016,19]nonadeca-2,4,6,13-tetraene-10-carboxylate", "CC[C@@]1(C[C@@H]2C[C@@](C3=C(CCN(C2)C1)C4=CC=CC=C4N3)(C5=C(C=C6C(=C5)C78CCN9C7[C@@](C=CC9)([C@H]([C@@](C8N6C=O)(C(=O)OC)O)OC(=O)C)CC)OC)C(=O)OC)O", ["Vincristine appears as a white crystalline solid. Melting point 218 \u00b0C. Used as an antineoplastic.", "Vincristine is a natural alkaloid isolated from the plant Vinca rosea Linn. Vincristine binds irreversibly to microtubules and spindle proteins in S phase of the cell cycle and interferes with the formation of the mitotic spindle, thereby arresting tumor cells in metaphase. This agent also depolymerizes microtubules and may also interfere with amino acid, cyclic AMP, and glutathione metabolism; calmodulin-dependent Ca++ -transport ATPase activity; cellular respiration; and nucleic acid and lipid biosynthesis. (NCI04)", "An antitumor alkaloid isolated from VINCA ROSEA. (Merck, 11th ed.)"]], ["(9R)-7-[(2S,4R,5R,6R)-4-amino-6-methyl-5-[(2R)-oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-6,9,11-trihydroxy-9-(2-hydroxyacetyl)-4-methoxy-8,10-dihydro-7H-tetracene-5,12-dione", "C[C@@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](C[C@H](O1)OC2C[C@](CC3=C2C(=C4C(=C3O)C(=O)C5=C(C4=O)C(=CC=C5)OC)O)(C(=O)CO)O)N)O[C@@H]6CCCCO6", ["Pirarubicin is an analogue of the anthracycline antineoplastic antibiotic doxorubicin.  Pirarubicin intercalates into DNA and interacts with topoisomerase II, thereby inhibiting DNA replication and repair and RNA and protein synthesis.  This agent is less cardiotoxic than doxorubicin and exhibits activity against some doxorubicin-resistant cell lines. (NCI04)"]], ["Cilostazol-d4", "[2H]C1(CCCC(C1N2C(=NN=N2)CCCCOC3=CC4=C(C=C3)NC(=O)CC4)([2H])[2H])[2H]", ["A quinoline and tetrazole derivative that acts as a phosphodiesterase type 3 inhibitor, with anti-platelet and vasodilating activity. It is used in the treatment of PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASES; ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE; and in the prevention of stroke."]], ["6-(1-Hydroxyethyl)-4-methyl-7-oxo-3-[5-[(sulfamoylamino)methyl]pyrrolidin-3-yl]sulfanyl-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid", "CC1C2C(C(=O)N2C(=C1SC3CC(NC3)CNS(=O)(=O)N)C(=O)O)C(C)O", ["A carbapenem derivative antibacterial agent that is more stable to renal dehydropeptidase I than IMIPENEM, but does not need to be given with an enzyme inhibitor such as CILASTATIN. It is used in the treatment of infections such as HOSPITAL-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA, and complicated intra-abdominal or urinary-tract infections, including PYELONEPHRITIS."]], ["Sapanisertib", "CC(C)N1C2=NC=NC(=C2C(=N1)C3=CC4=C(C=C3)OC(=N4)N)N", ["5-(4-amino-1-propan-2-yl-3-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidinyl)-1,3-benzoxazol-2-amine is a benzoxazole.", "Sapanisertib has been used in trials studying the treatment of HCC, Solid Tumor, Gliosarcoma, Liver Cancer, and Glioblastoma, among others.", "Sapanisertib is an orally bioavailable inhibitor of raptor-mTOR (TOR complex 1 or TORC1) and rictor-mTOR (TOR complex 2 or TORC2) with potential antineoplastic activity. Sapanisertib binds to and inhibits both TORC1 and TORC2 complexes of mTOR, which may result in tumor cell apoptosis and a decrease in tumor cell proliferation. TORC1 and 2 are upregulated in some tumors and play an important role in the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, which is frequently dysregulated in human cancers."]], ["Roniciclib", "C[C@H]([C@@H](C)OC1=NC(=NC=C1C(F)(F)F)NC2=CC=C(C=C2)S(=N)(=O)C3CC3)O", ["Roniciclib is an orally bioavailable cyclin dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor with potential antineoplastic activity. Roniciclib selectively binds to and inhibits the activity of CDK1/Cyclin B, CDK2/Cyclin E, CDK4/Cyclin D1, and CDK9/Cyclin T1, serine/threonine kinases that play key roles in the regulation of the cell cycle progression and cellular proliferation. Inhibition of these kinases leads to cell cycle arrest during the G1/S transition, thereby leading to an induction of apoptosis, and inhibition of tumor cell proliferation. CDKs are often dysregulated in cancerous cells."]], ["Selurampanel", "CC(C)C1=C(C=C2C(=C1)NC(=O)N(C2=O)NS(=O)(=O)C)C3=CC=NN3C", ["Selurampanel has been investigated in Adrenocortical Adenoma and Sarcoma, Endometrial Stromal."]], ["Methylergometrine maleate", "CC[C@@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H]1CN([C@@H]2CC3=CNC4=CC=CC(=C34)C2=C1)C.C(=C\\C(=O)[O-])\\C(=O)[O-]", ["A homolog of ERGONOVINE containing one more CH2 group. (Merck Index, 11th ed)"]], ["(Z)-but-2-enedioate;2-[(E)-[5-methoxy-1-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pentylidene]amino]oxyethanamine", "COCCCC/C(=N\\OCCN)/C1=CC=C(C=C1)C(F)(F)F.C(=C\\C(=O)[O-])\\C(=O)[O-]", ["Fluvoxamine Maleate is the maleate salt form of fluvoxamine, a 2-aminoethyl oxime ether of aralkylketones, with antidepressant, antiobsessive-compulsive, and antibulimic activities. Fluvoxamine blocks serotonin reuptake by inhibiting the serotonin reuptake pump of the presynaptic neuronal membrane leading to an increase of serotonin levels within the synaptic cleft. This results in facilitated serotonergic transmission and decreased serotonin turnover leading to antidepressant and antiobsessive-compulsive effects.", "A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of DEPRESSION and a variety of ANXIETY DISORDERS."]], ["Urea, N-[4-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)phenyl]-N'-[4-[4-(8-oxa-3-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl)-1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-6-yl]phenyl]-", "CN1CCN(CC1)C2=CC=C(C=C2)NC(=O)NC3=CC=C(C=C3)C4=NC5=C(C=NN5CC(F)(F)F)C(=N4)N6CC7CCC(C6)O7", ["mTOR Inhibitor is any substance that inhibits mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR or FK506 binding protein 12-rapamycin associated protein 1 (FRAP1)), a serine/threonine protein kinase that is active in the control of cell growth, cell proliferation, and cell motility. Inhibition of mTOR can inhibit cell proliferation."]], ["Silybin [22888-70-6]", "COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C2[C@H](OC3=C(O2)C=C(C=C3)[C@@H]4C(C(=O)C5=C(C=C(C=C5O4)O)O)O)CO)O", ["The major active component of silymarin flavonoids extracted from seeds of the MILK THISTLE, Silybum marianum; it is used in the treatment of HEPATITIS; LIVER CIRRHOSIS; and CHEMICAL AND DRUG INDUCED LIVER INJURY, and has antineoplastic activity; silybins A and B are diastereomers."]], ["Rocephin", "CN1C(=NC(=O)C(=N1)[O-])SCC2=C(N3[C@@H]([C@@H](C3=O)NC(=O)/C(=N\\OC)/C4=CSC(=N4)N)SC2)C(=O)[O-]", ["Ceftriaxone is a third generation cephalosporin antibiotic which has been associated with development of biliary sludge and biliary colic when given parenterally and in high doses. Ceftriaxone is also associated with rare instances of immunoallergic, usually cholestatic hepatitis similar to the injury associated with other cephalosporins.", "Ceftriaxone is a beta-lactam, third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with bactericidal activity. Ceftriaxone binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBP) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall. PBPs participate in the terminal stages of assembling the bacterial cell wall, and in reshaping the cell wall during cell division. Inactivation of PBPs interferes with the cross-linkage of peptidoglycan chains necessary for bacterial cell wall strength and rigidity. This results in the weakening of the bacterial cell wall and causes cell lysis. Compared to the second and first generation cephalosporins, ceftriaxone is more active against gram-negative bacteria and less active against gram-positive bacteria. Ceftriaxone also crosses the blood-brain barrier and reaches therapeutic concentrations in the central nervous system (CNS).", "A broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic and cefotaxime derivative with a very long half-life and high penetrability to meninges, eyes and inner ears."]], ["Coleneuramide", "C[C@H](CCCC(C)C)[C@H]1CC[C@@H]2[C@@]1(CC[C@H]3[C@H]2CC[C@@H]4[C@@]3(CC[C@H](C4)NC(=O)[C@]5(C[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O5)[C@@H]([C@@H](CO)O)O)NC(=O)C)O)OC)C)C", ["Coleneuramide is under investigation in clinical trial NCT00307749 (Safety and Efficacy of MCC-257 in the Treatment of Diabetic Polyneuropathy)."]], ["(R)-N6-propyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[d]thiazole-2,6-diamine dihydrochloride hydrate", "CCCN[C@@H]1CCC2=C(C1)SC(=N2)N.O.Cl.Cl", ["A benzothiazole derivative and dopamine agonist with antioxidant properties that is used in the treatment of PARKINSON DISEASE and RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME."]], ["Elsulfavirine sodium", "CCC(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C1=CC(=C(C=C1)NC(=O)CC2=C(C(=C(C=C2)Br)OC3=CC(=CC(=C3)C#N)Cl)F)Cl.[Na+]", ["Elsulfavirine is an investigational drug that is being studied to treat HIV infection."]], ["3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 6-(((2S)-3-cyclopentyl-1-oxo-2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)propyl)amino)-", "C1CCC(C1)C[C@@H](C(=O)NC2=NC=C(C=C2)C(=O)O)N3C=C(N=C3)C(F)(F)F", ["PF-04991532 has been used in trials studying the basic science of Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, and Glucose Metabolism Disorders."]], ["Vatiquinone", "CC1=C(C(=O)C(=C(C1=O)C)CC[C@@](C)(CC/C=C(\\C)/CC/C=C(\\C)/CCC=C(C)C)O)C", ["Vatiquinone has been investigated for the treatment and prevention of Retinopathy, Rett Syndrome, Genetic Disease, Noise-induced Hearing Loss, and Methylmalonic Aciduria and Homocystinuria,Cblc Type."]], ["4-((2-(((1R,2R)-2-hydroxycyclohexyl)amino)benzo[d]thiazol-6-yl)oxy)-N-methylpicolinamide", "CNC(=O)C1=NC=CC(=C1)OC2=CC3=C(C=C2)N=C(S3)N[C@@H]4CCCC[C@H]4O", ["Sotuletinib is an orally bioavailable inhibitor of colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF-1R; CSF1R), with potential antineoplastic activity. CSF1R inhibitor BLZ945 selectively binds to CSF1R expressed on tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), blocks the activity of CSF1R, and inhibits CSF1R-mediated signal transduction pathways. This inhibits the activity and proliferation of TAMs, and reprograms the immunosuppressive nature of existing TAMs. Altogether, this reduces TAM-mediated immune suppression in the tumor microenvironment, re-activates the immune system, and improves anti-tumor cell responses mediated by T-cells.  CSF1R, also known as macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor (M-CSFR) and CD115 (cluster of differentiation 115), is a cell-surface receptor for its ligand, colony stimulating factor 1 (CSF1); this receptor is overexpressed by TAMs in the tumor microenvironment, and plays a major role in both immune suppression and the induction of tumor cell proliferation."]], ["Larotrectinib", "C1C[C@@H](N(C1)C2=NC3=C(C=NN3C=C2)NC(=O)N4CC[C@@H](C4)O)C5=C(C=CC(=C5)F)F", ["Larotrectinib is an orally administered tropomyosin receptor kinase (Trk) inhibitor with demonstrated antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, larotrectinib binds to Trk, thereby preventing neurotrophin-Trk interaction and Trk activation, which results in both the induction of cellular apoptosis and the inhibition of cell growth in tumors that overexpress Trk. Trk, a receptor tyrosine kinase activated by neurotrophins, is mutated in a variety of cancer cell types and plays an important role in tumor cell growth and survival.  Originally discovered by Array BioPharma, the agent was ultimately licensed to Loxo Oncology in 2013. Larotrectinib is another example of innovative new cancer therapy medications that target key, specific genetic biomarker drivers of cancer rather than particular types of tumors.", "Larotrectinib is a Kinase Inhibitor. The mechanism of action of larotrectinib is as a Tropomyosin Receptor Kinases Inhibitor.", "Larotrectinib is a selective inhibitor of neurotrophin receptor kinase (NTRK) that is used in the therapy of solid tumors harboring NTRK gene fusions. Larotrectinib is associated with a high rate of serum aminotransferase elevations during therapy but has not been linked to instances of clinically apparent liver injury with jaundice.", "Larotrectinib is an orally available, tropomyosin receptor kinase (Trk) inhibitor, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, larotrectinib binds to Trk, thereby preventing neurotrophin-Trk interaction and Trk activation, which results in both the induction of cellular apoptosis and the inhibition of cell growth in tumors that overexpress Trk. Trk, a receptor tyrosine kinase activated by neurotrophins, is mutated in a variety of cancer cell types and plays an important role in tumor cell growth and survival."]], ["Ampreloxetine", "C1CNCCC1C2=CC=CC=C2COC3=C(C=C(C=C3F)F)F", ["Ampreloxetine is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03750552 (Clinical Effect of TD-9855 for Treating snOH in Subjects With Primary Autonomic Failure)."]], ["N-(6,6-dimethyl-5-(1-methylpiperidine-4-carbonyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazol-3-yl)-3-methylbutanamide", "CC(C)CC(=O)NC1=NNC2=C1CN(C2(C)C)C(=O)C3CCN(CC3)C", ["N-[6,6-dimethyl-5-[(1-methyl-4-piperidinyl)-oxomethyl]-1,4-dihydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazol-3-yl]-3-methylbutanamide is a piperidinecarboxamide.", "PHA-793887 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Advanced/Metastatic Solid Tumors."]], ["7-{[(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-{[(2-carboxypropan-2-yl)oxy]imino}acetyl]amino}-3-({1-[2-(2-chloro-3,4-dihydroxybenzamido)ethyl]pyrrolidinium-1-yl}methyl)-3,4-didehydrocepham-4-carboxylic acid", "CC(C)(C(=O)O)O/N=C(/C1=CSC(=N1)N)\\C(=O)N[C@H]2[C@@H]3N(C2=O)C(=C(CS3)C[N+]4(CCCC4)CCNC(=O)C5=C(C(=C(C=C5)O)O)Cl)C(=O)O", ["Cefiderocol is a fourth-generation siderophore cephalosporin antibiotic having {1-[2-(2-chloro-3,4-dihydroxybenzamido)ethyl]pyrrolidinium-1-yl}methyl and [(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-{[(2-carboxypropan-2-yl)oxy]imino}acetyl]amino side groups located at positions 3 and 7 respectively, developed to combat a variety of bacterial pathogens, including beta-lactam- and carbapenem-resistant organisms. It has a role as an antibacterial drug and a siderophore. It is a cephalosporin and a carboxylic acid."]], ["Encenicline", "C1CN2CCC1[C@H](C2)NC(=O)C3=CC4=C(S3)C(=CC=C4)Cl", ["Encenicline has been investigated for the treatment of Cognition, Schizophrenia, Alzheimer's Disease, Cardiac Repolarization, and Central Nervous System Diseases."]], ["PF-04634817", "CC(C)[C@@]1(CC[C@H](C1)N[C@H]2CCOC[C@H]2OC)C(=O)N3C[C@@H]4C[C@H]3CN4C5=NC=NC(=C5)C(F)(F)F", ["PF-04634817 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01140672 (A Multiple Dose Study To Determine Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics Of PF-04634817 In Healthy Adult Subjects)."]], ["Balovaptan", "CN1CC2=C(C=CC(=C2)Cl)N3C(=NN=C3C4CCC(CC4)OC5=CC=CC=N5)C1", ["Balovaptan is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01793441 (A Study of RG7314 to Investigate Efficacy and Safety in Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD))."]], ["Minnelide", "CC(C)[C@@]12[C@@H](O1)[C@H]3[C@@]4(O3)[C@]5(CCC6=C([C@@H]5C[C@H]7[C@]4([C@@H]2OCOP(=O)([O-])[O-])O7)COC6=O)C.[Na+].[Na+]", ["Triptolide Analog is a water soluble analog of the diterpenoid triepoxide triptolide isolated from the Chinese herb Tripterygium wilfordii Hook.f., with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon intravenous administration, the triptolide analog inhibits heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and prevents HSP70-mediated inhibition of apoptosis. This leads to both the induction of apoptosis and a reduction of cancer cell growth. HSP70, a molecular chaperone upregulated in various cancer cells, plays a key role in the inhibition of caspase-dependent and -independent apoptosis."]], ["4Jeh3BL51N", "CC1=NC2=C(N1S(=O)(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3)C=CC=C2N4CCNCC4", ["PF-05212377 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01712074 (Study Evaluating Thesafety and Efficacy of PF-05212377 or Placebo in Subjects With Alzheimer's Disease With Existing Neuropsychiatric Symptoms on Donepezil)."]], ["Ilorasertib", "C1=CC(=CC(=C1)F)NC(=O)NC2=CC=C(C=C2)C3=CSC4=C3C(=NC=C4C5=CN(N=C5)CCO)N", ["Ilorasertib has been used in trials studying the treatment of Myelodysplasia, Solid Neoplasm, Advanced Cancers, Advanced Solid Tumors, and Acute Myelogenous Leukemia, among others.", "Ilorasertib is an orally bioavailable, adenosine triphospate mimetic, and inhibitor of Aurora kinases, vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFRs) and platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFRs), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, ilorasertib selectively binds to and inhibits Aurora kinases A, B and C, which may disrupt both the assembly of the mitotic spindle apparatus and chromosome segregation, and inhibit both cellular division and proliferation in Aurora kinase-overexpressing tumor cells. In addition, ilorasertib selectively binds to and inhibits VEGFRs and PDGFRs, which may result in the inhibition of both angiogenesis and tumor cell proliferation in VEGFR/PDGFR-overexpressing tumor cells. This agent also inhibits the Src family of cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases. Aurora kinases A, B and C, are serine/threonine kinases that play essential roles in mitotic checkpoint control and are overexpressed by a wide variety of tumor cell types. Both VEGFRs and PDGFRs are receptor tyrosine kinase families whose members may be upregulated in various tumor cell types."]], ["Piperazine, 1-(((2S)-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-2-yl)methyl)-4-(3-(methoxy-11C-methyl)-2-pyridinyl)-", "[11CH3]OCC1=C(N=CC=C1)N2CCN(CC2)C[C@H]3COC4=CC=CC=C4O3", ["ORM-13070 C-11 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT00735774 (Suitability of 11C-ORM-13070 as a PET Tracer)."]], ["3-[(1S,2S)-2-Hydroxycyclohexyl]-6-[(6-methyl-3-pyridinyl)methyl]benzo[h]quinazolin-4(3H)-one", "CC1=NC=C(C=C1)CC2=CC3=C(C4=CC=CC=C42)N=CN(C3=O)[C@H]5CCCC[C@@H]5O", ["MK-7622 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Alzheimer's Disease."]], ["Ifebemtinib", "CN1CCC(CC1)NC(=O)C2=CC(=C(C=C2F)NC3=NC=C(C(=N3)OC4=CC=CC5=C4C(=O)N(C5)C)C(F)(F)F)OC", ["Protein Tyrosine Kinase 2 Inhibitor IN10018 is an orally bioavailable inhibitor of the non-receptor, cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase protein tyrosine kinase 2 (focal adhesion kinase 1; FAK1; FAK: PTK2) with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, IN10018 targets and inhibits, in an adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-competitive manner, PTK2. This prevents PTK2-mediated downstream signaling and inhibits migration, proliferation, invasion, and survival in PTK2-overexpressing tumor cells. The cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase PTK2, a signal transducer for integrins overexpressed in various tumor cell types, is involved in tumor cell invasion, migration and proliferation."]], ["Unii-0ojb0les1A", "C1CC(CCC1N2CC(C2)NC(=O)CNC(=O)C3=CC(=CC=C3)C(F)(F)F)(C4=CN=CS4)O", ["JNJ-41443532 has been used in trials studying the basic science and treatment of Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2."]], ["Unii-L0S47W9gpy", "CN1C=NC=C1[C@@](C2=CC=C(C=C2)Cl)(C3=CC4=C(C=C3)N(C(=O)C=C4C5=CC=CC(=C5)C#C)C)O", ["LNK 754 has been investigated in Mild Alzheimer's Disease.", "CP-609,754 is a quinolinone derivative that inhibits farnesyl protein transferase, an enzyme that mediates the farnesylation of RAS, causing possible inhibition of the RAS pathway."]], ["Tegavivint", "C[C@@H]1C[C@@H](CN(C1)S(=O)(=O)C2=CC3=C(C=C2)C(=C4C=CC(=CC4=C3N=O)S(=O)(=O)N5C[C@@H](C[C@@H](C5)C)C)NO)C", ["Tegavivint is a small molecule inhibitor of the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon intravenous administration, tegavivint binds to transducin beta-like protein 1 (TBL1) and disrupts the binding of beta-catenin to TBL1. This promotes beta-catenin degradation, attenuates nuclear and cytoplasmic levels of beta-catenin, and reduces transcriptional activity of transcription factor 4 (TCF4) and expression of its target genes, cyclin D1, c-Myc and survivin. The Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway regulates cell morphology, motility, and proliferation; aberrant regulation of this pathway leads to neoplastic proliferation. Beta-catenin is frequently mutated in various tumors."]], ["Gandotinib", "CC1=CC(=NN1)NC2=NN3C(=C(N=C3C(=C2)CN4CCOCC4)C)CC5=C(C=C(C=C5)Cl)F", ["Gandotinib is a member of pyridazines.", "Gandotinib has been used in trials studying the treatment of Myelofibrosis, Polycythemia Vera, Primary Myelofibrosis, Thrombocythemia, Essential, and Myeloproliferative Disorders, among others.", "Gandotinib is an orally bioavailable imidazopyridazine and inhibitor of Janus kinase 2 mutant V617F (JAK2V617F), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, gandotinib selectively and competitively inhibits the activation of JAK2V617F, which may result in the inhibition of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway and the induction of apoptosis in JAK2V617F-expressing tumor cells. JAK2V617F has a substitution of phenylalanine for valine at amino acid position 617 and plays a key role in tumor cell proliferation and survival."]], ["Gsk2256098", "CC1=NN(C(=C1)NC2=NC=C(C(=C2)NC3=CC=CC=C3C(=O)NOC)Cl)C(C)C", ["GSK2256098 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02523014 (Vismodegib and FAK Inhibitor GSK2256098 in Treating Patients With Progressive Meningiomas).", "FAK Inhibitor GSK2256098 is a focal adhesion kinase-1 (FAK) inhibitor with potential antiangiogenic and antineoplastic activities. FAK inhibitor GSK2256098 inhibits FAK, which may prevent the integrin-mediated activation of several downstream signal transduction pathways, including ERK, JNK/MAPK and PI3K/Akt, thereby inhibiting tumor cell migration, proliferation and survival, and tumor angiogenesis. The tyrosine kinase FAK is normally activated by binding to integrins in the extracellular matrix (ECM) but may be upregulated and constitutively activated in various tumor cell types."]], ["Bemcentinib", "C1CCN(C1)[C@H]2CCC3=C(CC2)C=C(C=C3)NC4=NN(C(=N4)N)C5=NN=C6C(=C5)CCCC7=CC=CC=C76", ["Bemcentinib has been investigated for the treatment of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.", "Bemcentinib is an orally available and selective inhibitor of the AXL receptor tyrosine kinase (UFO), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, bemcentinib targets and binds to the intracellular catalytic kinase domain of AXL and prevents its activity. This blocks AXL-mediated signal transduction pathways and inhibits the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which, in turn, inhibits tumor cell proliferation and migration. In addition, bemcentinib enhances chemo-sensitivity. AXL, a member of the TAM (TYRO3, AXL and MER) family of receptor tyrosine kinases overexpressed by many tumor cell types, plays a key role in tumor cell proliferation, survival, invasion and metastasis; its expression is associated with drug resistance and poor prognosis."]], ["Landipirdine", "C1C[C@H](C2=C(C1)C=C(C=C2)S(=O)(=O)C3=CC=CC(=C3)F)CNC(=O)N", ["Landipirdine is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02258152 (SYN120 Study to Evaluate Its Safety, Tolerability and Efficacy in Parkinson's Disease Dementia (SYNAPSE))."]], ["Nirogacestat", "CCC[C@@H](C(=O)NC1=CN(C=N1)C(C)(C)CNCC(C)(C)C)N[C@H]2CCC3=C(C2)C(=CC(=C3)F)F", ["Nirogacestat has been used in trials studying the treatment of Breast Cancer, HIV Infection, Desmoid Tumors, Advanced Solid Tumors, and Aggressive Fibromatosis, among others.", "Nirogacestat is a selective gamma secretase (GS) inhibitor with potential antitumor activity. Nirogacestat binds to GS, blocking proteolytic activation of Notch receptors; Notch signaling pathway inhibition may follow, which may result in the induction of apoptosis in tumor cells that overexpress Notch. The integral membrane protein GS is a multi-subunit protease complex that cleaves single-pass transmembrane proteins, such as Notch receptors, at residues within their transmembrane domains. Overexpression of the Notch signaling pathway has been correlated with increased tumor cell growth and survival."]], ["(R)-6-bromo-3-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-5-(piperidin-3-yl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-amine", "CN1C=C(C=N1)C2=C3N=C(C(=C(N3N=C2)N)Br)[C@@H]4CCCNC4", ["Sch 900776 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Neoplasms, Hodgkin Disease, Adult Erythroleukemia, Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin, and Myelogenous Leukemia, Acute, among others.", "CHK1 Inhibitor MK-8776 is an agent targeting cell cycle checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) with potential radiosensitization and chemosensitization activities. Chk1 inhibitor MK-8776 specifically binds to and inhibits Chk1, which may result in tumor cells bypassing Chk1-dependent cell cycle arrest in the S and G2/M phases to undergo DNA repair prior to entry into mitosis; tumor cells may thus be sensitized to the DNA-damaging effects of ionizing radiation and alkylating chemotherapeutic agents. Chk1 is an ATP-dependent serine-threonine kinase that in response to DNA damage phosphorylates cdc25 phosphatases, resulting in inhibitory tyrosine phosphorylation of CDK-cyclin complexes and cell cycle arrest."]], ["N-(4-((1S)-1-((R)-(4-Chlorophenyl)(7-fluoro-5-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)methyl)butyl)benzoyl)-beta-alanine", "CCC[C@H](C1=CC=C(C=C1)C(=O)NCCC(=O)O)[C@H](C2=CC=C(C=C2)Cl)C3=CNC4=C3C=C(C=C4F)C", ["MK-3577 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT00868790 (A Study of the Safety and Efficacy of MK-3577 in Participants With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (MK-3577-009))."]], ["Vesatolimod", "CCCCOC1=NC(=C2C(=N1)N(CC(=O)N2)CC3=CC=CC(=C3)CN4CCCC4)N", ["Vesatolimod has been used in trials studying the treatment of Hepatitis B and Chronic Hepatitis B."]], ["L-Alanine, N-(2'-C-methyl-6-O-methyl-P-1-naphthalenyl-5'-guanylyl)-, 2,2-dimethylpropyl ester", "C[C@@H](C(=O)OCC(C)(C)C)NP(=O)(OC[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@@]([C@@H](O1)N2C=NC3=C2N=C(N=C3OC)N)(C)O)O)OC4=CC=CC5=CC=CC=C54", ["INX-08189 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Hepatitis C, HCV (Genotype 1), and Hepatitis C Virus."]], ["Prexasertib", "COC1=C(C(=CC=C1)OCCCN)C2=CC(=NN2)NC3=NC=C(N=C3)C#N", ["Prexasertib has been used in trials studying the treatment and basic science of mCRPC, Leukemia, Neoplasm, BREAST CANCER, and Ovarian Cancer, among others.", "Prexasertib is an inhibitor of checkpoint kinase 1 (chk1) with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, prexasertib selectively binds to chk1, thereby preventing activity of chk1 and abrogating the repair of damaged DNA. This may lead to an accumulation of damaged DNA and may promote genomic instability and apoptosis. Prexasertib may potentiate the cytotoxicity of DNA-damaging agents and reverse tumor cell resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. Chk1, a serine/threonine kinase, mediates cell cycle checkpoint control and is essential for DNA repair and plays a key role in resistance to chemotherapeutic agents."]], ["Tepotinib Hydrochloride Hydrate", "CN1CCC(CC1)COC2=CN=C(N=C2)C3=CC=CC(=C3)CN4C(=O)C=CC(=N4)C5=CC=CC(=C5)C#N.O.Cl", ["Tepotinib Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of tepotinib, an orally bioavailable inhibitor of MET tyrosine kinase with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, tepotinib selectively binds to MET tyrosine kinase and disrupts MET signal transduction pathways, which may induce apoptosis in tumor cells overexpressing this kinase. The receptor tyrosine kinase MET (also known as hepatocyte growth factor receptor or HGFR), is the product of the proto-oncogene c-Met and is overexpressed or mutated in many tumor cell types; this protein plays key roles in tumor cell proliferation, survival, invasion, and metastasis, and tumor angiogenesis."]], ["Razuprotafib", "COC(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC2=CC=C(C=C2)NS(=O)(=O)O)C3=CSC(=N3)C4=CC=CS4", ["Razuprotafib, also known as AKB-9778, is a small-molecule inhibitor restoring Tie2 activation by inhibiting VE-PTP. In investigations against diabetes and COVID-19, razuprotafib is self-administered by patients through subcutaneous injection.", "Razuprotafib is a small molecule inhibitor of vascular endothelial protein tyrosine phosphatase (VE-PTP), with potential vasculature stabilizing activity. Upon administration, razuprotafib targets, binds to and inhibits VE-PTP, which is a negative regulator of the endothelial cell (EC)-specific receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) Tie2. This restores Tie2 activation, which may improve endothelial function and stabilize blood vessels. VE-PTP is upregulated in stressed endothelium associated with a variety of diseases. Tie2 plays an important role in endothelial function and vascular stability. A decrease in Tie2 activation leads to vascular leakage and inflammation."]], ["Diiminoplatinum;2-hydroxyacetic acid", "C(C(=O)O)O.N=[Pt]=N", ["Nedaplatin is a second-generation cisplatin analogue with antineoplastic activity. Containing a novel ring structure in which glycolate is bound to the platinum by a bidentate ligand, nedaplatin forms reactive platinum complexes that bind to nucelophillic groups in DNA, resulting in intrastrand and interstrand DNA cross-links, apoptosis and cell death. This agent appears to be less nephrotoxic and neurotoxic compared to both cisplatin and carboplatin."]], ["(8S,10S,11S,13S,16S)-9-chloro-11,17-dihydroxy-17-(2-hydroxyacetyl)-10,13,16-trimethyl-6,7,8,11,12,14,15,16-octahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one", "C[C@H]1CC2[C@@H]3CCC4=CC(=O)C=C[C@@]4(C3([C@H](C[C@@]2(C1(C(=O)CO)O)C)O)Cl)C", ["Beclomethasone is a synthetic glucocorticoid with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating properties.  After cell surface receptor attachment and cell entry, beclomethasone enters the nucleus where it binds to and activates specific nuclear receptors, resulting in an altered gene expression and inhibition of proinflammatory cytokine production.", "An anti-inflammatory, synthetic glucocorticoid. It is used topically as an anti-inflammatory agent and in aerosol form for the treatment of ASTHMA."]], ["CID 46781058", "[HH].CN1CC[C@]23[C@@H]4[C@H]1CC5=C2C(=C(C=C5)OC)O[C@H]3[C@H](C=C4)O.OOP(=O)=O", ["Codeine phosphate appears as colorless small crystals or white powder. Odorless. Bitter taste. Solutions are acid to litmus. pH (4% solution) 4.2-5. (NTP, 1992)", "Codeine Phosphate is the phosphate salt of codeine, a naturally occurring phenanthrene alkaloid and opioid agonist with analgesic, antidiarrheal and antitussive activities. Codeine mimics the actions of endogenous opioids by binding to the opioid receptors at many sites within the central nervous system (CNS). Stimulation of mu-subtype opioid receptors results in a decrease in the release of nociceptive neurotransmitters such as substance P, GABA, dopamine, acetylcholine and noradrenaline; in addition, the codeine metabolite morphine induces opening of G-protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium (GIRK) channels and blocks the opening of N-type voltage-gated calcium channels, resulting in hyperpolarization and reduced neuronal excitability. Stimulation of gut mu-subtype opioid receptors results in a reduction in intestinal motility and delayed intestinal transit times. Antitussive activity is mediated through codeine's action on the cough center in the medulla.", "An opioid analgesic related to MORPHINE but with less potent analgesic properties and mild sedative effects. It also acts centrally to suppress cough."]], ["(2S,4R)-N-[(1S,2R)-2-chloro-1-[(3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methylsulfanyloxan-2-yl]propyl]-1-methyl-4-propylpyrrolidine-2-carboxamide;hydrochloride", "CCC[C@@H]1C[C@H](N(C1)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](C2[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](O2)SC)O)O)O)[C@@H](C)Cl.Cl", ["An antibacterial agent that is a semisynthetic analog of LINCOMYCIN."]], ["(1R,2S)-2-Cyclohexyl-1-(4-(cyclopropylsulfonyl)phenyl)-N-(5-((2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)ethyl)thio)-2-thiazolyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide", "C1CCC(CC1)[C@@H]2C[C@@]2(C3=CC=C(C=C3)S(=O)(=O)C4CC4)C(=O)NC5=NC=C(S5)SCCN6CCCC6", ["LY2608204 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2."]], ["8-(2-Chlorophenyl)-2-methyl-6-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-9-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)-9H-purine", "CC1=NC2=C(C(=N1)N3CCN(CC3)C)N=C(N2C4CCOCC4)C5=CC=CC=C5Cl", ["LY2828360 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01319929 (A Study of LY2828360 in Patients With Osteoarthritic Knee Pain)."]], ["Derazantinib", "COCCNCCC1=CC(=CC=C1)NC2=NC=C3C[C@H](C4=CC=CC=C4C3=N2)C5=CC=CC=C5F", ["Derazantinib is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03230318 (Derazantinib in Subjects With FGFR2 Gene Fusion Positive Inoperable or Advanced Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma).", "Derazantinib is an orally bioavailable inhibitor of the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) with potential antineoplastic activity. Derazantinib binds to and potently inhibits the activity of FGFR subtypes 1, 2 and 3. This may result in the inhibition of FGFR-mediated signal transduction pathways, tumor cell proliferation, tumor angiogenesis and tumor cell death in FGFR-overexpressing tumor cells. FGFR, a receptor tyrosine kinase, is upregulated in many tumor cell types and plays a key role in tumor cellular proliferation, differentiation, angiogenesis and survival."]], ["Tinostamustine", "CN1C2=C(C=C(C=C2)N(CCCl)CCCl)N=C1CCCCCCC(=O)NO", ["Tinostamustine is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03452930 (Tinostamustine With or Without Radiation Therapy in Treating Patients With Newly Diagnosed MGMT-Unmethylated Glioblastoma).", "Tinostamustine is an alkylating histone-deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) fusion molecule composed of the alkylating agent bendamustine fused to the pan-HDACi vorinostat, with potential bi-functional antineoplastic activity. Upon administration of tinostamustine the vorinostat moiety targets and binds to HDACs. This leads to an accumulation of highly acetylated histones, which results in an induction of chromatin remodeling, a modulation of gene expression, an inhibition of tumor cell division and the induction of tumor cell apoptosis. The bendamustine moiety binds to, alkylates and crosslinks macromolecules, inhibiting DNA, RNA and protein synthesis, which also results in tumor cell apoptosis. Thus, tinostamustine shows superior efficacy compared to the activity of either agent alone. In addition, the inhibition of HDAC6 activity by tinostamustine induces the activation of inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE-1), the key regulatory protein for the unfolded protein response (UPR). Induction of the UPR increases the sensitivity of certain cancer cell types to certain chemotherapeutic agents, such as proteasome inhibitors. Therefore, tinostamustine may work synergistically with proteasome inhibitors. HDACs, enzymes that deacetylate chromatin histone proteins, are overexpressed in various cancers and play a key role in proliferation and resistance of tumor cells."]], ["Epetraborole", "B1(C2=C(C=CC=C2OCCCO)[C@H](O1)CN)O", ["Epetraborole has been used in trials studying the treatment of Infections, Bacterial, Infections, Intestinal, Infections, Urinary Tract, and Community-acquired Infection."]], ["4-[2-(5-amino-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-4-chlorophenoxy]-5-chloro-2-fluoro-N-(1,3-thiazol-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide", "C1=CC(=C(C=C1Cl)C2=C(NN=C2)N)OC3=CC(=C(C=C3Cl)S(=O)(=O)NC4=CSC=N4)F", ["PF-05089771 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01529671 (A Safety And Tolerability Study Of PF-05089771 In Healthy Subjects And In Subjects With Otseoarthritis Of The Knee)."]], ["Afuresertib", "CN1C(=C(C=N1)Cl)C2=C(SC(=C2)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC3=CC(=CC=C3)F)CN)Cl", ["N-[(2S)-1-amino-3-(3-fluorophenyl)propan-2-yl]-5-chloro-4-(4-chloro-2-methyl-3-pyrazolyl)-2-thiophenecarboxamide is a member of amphetamines.", "Afuresertib has been used in trials studying the treatment of Cancer and Neoplasms, Haematologic.", "Afuresertib is an orally bioavailable inhibitor of the serine/threonine protein kinase Akt (protein kinase B) with potential antineoplastic activity. Afuresertib binds to and inhibits the activity of Akt, which may result in inhibition of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and tumor cell proliferation and the induction of tumor cell apoptosis. Activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway is frequently associated with tumorigenesis and dysregulated PI3K/Akt signaling may contribute to tumor resistance to a variety of antineoplastic agents."]], ["Flumatinib", "CC1=C(C=C(C=N1)NC(=O)C2=CC(=C(C=C2)CN3CCN(CC3)C)C(F)(F)F)NC4=NC=CC(=N4)C5=CN=CC=C5", ["Flumatinib has been used in trials studying the treatment of Myelogenous Leukemia, Chronic.", "Flumbatinib is an orally bioavailable tyrosine kinase inhibitor, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, flumbatinib inhibits the wild-type forms of Bcr-Abl, platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) and mast/stem cell growth factor receptor (SCFR; c-Kit) and forms of these proteins with certain point mutations. This results in the inhibition of both Bcr-Abl-, PDGFR- and c-Kit-mediated signal transduction pathways, and the proliferation of tumor cells in which these kinases are overexpressed. Bcr-Abl fusion protein is an abnormal, constitutively active enzyme expressed in Philadelphia chromosome positive chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) or acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). PDGFR, upregulated in many tumor cell types, is a receptor tyrosine kinase essential to cell migration and the development of the microvasculature. c-kit, a receptor tyrosine kinase mutated and constitutively activated in certain tumors, plays a key role in tumor cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation."]], ["Balipodect", "COC1=CN(N=C(C1=O)C2=CC=NN2C3=CC=CC=C3)C4=C(C=C(C=C4)N5C=CC=N5)F", ["Balipodect is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01892189 (Effects of TAK-063 on Preventing Ketamine-Induced Brain Activity Changes as Well as Psychotic-Like Symptoms in Healthy Male Adults)."]], ["Abt-639", "C1C[C@@H]2CN(CCN2C1)C(=O)C3=CC(=C(C=C3Cl)F)S(=O)(=O)NC4=CC=CC=C4F", ["ABT-639 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01345045 (A Multicenter Study Comparing the Analgesic Effects and Safety of ABT-639 Compared to Placebo in Subjects With Diabetic Neuropathic Pain).", "T-type Calcium Channel Blocker ABT-639 is an orally bioavailable, CaV3.2 T-type calcium channel blocker with potential anti-hyperalgesic activity. Upon oral administration, ABT-639 selectively binds to and blocks the CaV3.2 isoform of the low voltage-gated T-type calcium channels located in peripheral sensory neurons. This prevents the influx of calcium ions into the cell upon membrane depolarization. The inhibition of both neuronal hyperexcitability and firing of nociceptive, peripheral sensory neurons induces an anti-nociceptive effect. The expression of the CaV3.2 T-type channels plays a key role in nociceptive and neuropathic pain."]], ["Ifidancitinib", "CC1=CC(=CC(=C1F)OC)NC2=NC=C(C(=N2)NC3=CC4=C(C=C3)OC(=O)N4)C", ["Ifidancitinib is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03585296 (A Study of ATI-502 Topical Solution for the Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis).", "A synthetic steroid with progestational and contraceptive activities."]], ["2-[3-[(4-Amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl]-4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-3-ium-5-yl]ethanol;hydron;dichloride", "[H+].CC1=C(SC=[N+]1CC2=CN=C(N=C2N)C)CCO.[Cl-].[Cl-]", ["3-((4-Amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl)-5-(2- hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazolium chloride.", "See also: Thiamine Hydrochloride (preferred)."]], ["Benzamide, 3-fluoro-N-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-hydroxy-N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-", "C1=CC(=CC=C1N(C2=CC=C(C=C2)F)C(=O)C3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)F)O", ["GTX-758 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01420861 (GTx-758 on Serum Prostate-specific Antigen (PSA) in Men With Castrate Resistant Prostate Cancer).", "Estrogen Receptor Agonist GTx-758 is an orally available, nonsteroidal selective estrogen receptor (ER) alpha agonist with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration of GTx-758, this agent suppresses the secretion of the gonadotropins follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) by the pituitary gland through feedback inhibition. In males, the inhibition of LH secretion prevents the synthesis of androgens, including testosterone, by the testes. This may result in suppressed total serum testosterone to the levels observed in castration."]], ["Brilaroxazine", "C1CN(CCN1CCCCOC2=CC3=C(C=C2)OCC(=O)N3)C4=C(C(=CC=C4)Cl)Cl", ["Brilaroxazine (RP5063) is an investigational atypical antipsychotic which is under development by Reviva Pharmaceuticals for the treatment of schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. Reviva Pharmaceuticals also intends to investigate RP5063 for the treatment of bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, psychosis/agitation associated with Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease psychosis, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADD/ADHD), and autism. As of May 2015, it is in phase III clinical trials for schizophrenia."]], ["Alvelestat", "CC1=C(C=C(C(=O)N1C2=CC=CC(=C2)C(F)(F)F)C(=O)NCC3=NC=C(C=C3)S(=O)(=O)C)C4=CC=NN4C", ["Alvelestat has been investigated for the basic science of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.", "Alvelestat is an orally bioavailable, selective and reversible inhibitor of human neutrophil elastase (NE), with potential anti-inflammatory activity. Upon administration, alvelestat binds to and inhibits the activity of human NE. This inhibits NE-mediated inflammatory responses, which may prevent lung inflammation and injury, and may improve lung function associated with NE-induced respiratory diseases. NE, a serine protease released by neutrophils during inflammation, is upregulated in a number of respiratory diseases."]], ["azane;6-[6-carboxy-2-[(11-carboxy-4,4,6a,6b,8a,11,14b-heptamethyl-14-oxo-2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14a-dodecahydro-1H-picen-3-yl)oxy]-4,5-dihydroxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid", "CC1(C2CCC3(C(C2(CCC1OC4C(C(C(C(O4)C(=O)O)O)O)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)C(=O)O)O)O)O)C)C(=O)C=C6C3(CCC7(C6CC(CC7)(C)C(=O)O)C)C)C)C.N.N", ["Diammonium Glycyrrhizinate is the diammonium salt of glycyrrhizin and the active constituent in the traditional Chinese medicinal herb Glycyrrhiza uralensis (Chinese liquorice or Gan-Cao) with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and hepatoprotective properties. Diammonium glycyrrhizinate (DG) is slowly metabolized within the cells into glycyrrhetic acid, which inhibits enzymes that control cortisol metabolism and contributes to this agent's anti-inflammatory effect. Although the exact mechanism of action remains to be fully elucidated, DG may prevent or reduce hepatotoxicity via the scavenging of free radicals. This agent also upregulates the expression of transcription coactivator PGC-1alpha and modulates hepatic enzymes such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), superoxide dismutase and glutathion peroxidase.", "A widely used anti-inflammatory agent isolated from the licorice root. It is metabolized to GLYCYRRHETINIC ACID, which inhibits 11-BETA-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASES and other enzymes involved in the metabolism of CORTICOSTEROIDS. Therefore, glycyrrhizic acid, which is the main and sweet component of licorice, has been investigated for its ability to cause hypermineralocorticoidism with sodium retention and potassium loss, edema, increased blood pressure, as well as depression of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system."]], ["Ilginatinib", "C[C@@H](C1=CC=C(C=C1)F)NC2=CC(=CC(=N2)NC3=NC=CN=C3)C4=CN(N=C4)C", ["NS-018 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Primary Myelofibrosis, Post-Polycythemia Vera Myelofibrosis, and Post-Essential Thrombocythemia Myelofibrosis.", "Ilginatinib is an orally bioavailable, small molecule inhibitor of Janus-associated kinase 2 (JAK2) and Src-family kinases, with potential antineoplastic activity. Ilginatinib competes with ATP for binding to JAK2 as well as the mutated form JAK2V617F, thereby inhibiting the activation of JAK2 and downstream molecules in the JAK2/STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) signaling pathway that plays an important role in normal development, particularly hematopoiesis. In addition, ilginatinib inhibits the Src family tyrosine kinases. This eventually leads to the induction of tumor cell apoptosis. JAK2 is the most common mutated gene in bcr-abl-negative myeloproliferative disorders (MPDs); JAK2V617F is a constitutively activated kinase that activates the JAK/STAT signaling pathway and dysregulates cell growth and function, and its expression transforms hematopoietic cells to cytokine-independent growth."]], ["Simeprevir sodium", "CC1=C(C=CC2=C1N=C(C=C2O[C@@H]3C[C@@H]4[C@@H](C3)C(=O)N(CCCC/C=C\\[C@@H]5C[C@]5(NC4=O)C(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C6CC6)C)C7=NC(=CS7)C(C)C)OC.[Na+]", ["Oral HCV-PROTEASE INHIBITOR effective against hepatitis C virus (HCV) serine protease NS3/4A. It is used in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C (Antivirals) genotype 1 infection in adults with compensated liver disease, including CIRRHOSIS."]], ["Ibrexafungerp", "C[C@H](C(C)C)[C@]1(CC[C@@]2([C@H]3CC[C@H]4[C@]5(COC[C@]4(C3=CC[C@]2([C@@H]1C(=O)O)C)C[C@H]([C@@H]5OC[C@@](C)(C(C)(C)C)N)N6C(=NC=N6)C7=CC=NC=C7)C)C)C", ["Ibrexafungerp, also known as SCY-078 or MK-3118, is a novel enfumafungin derivative oral triterpene antifungal approved for the treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC), also known as a vaginal yeast infection. It was developed out of a need to treat fungal infections that may have become resistant to echinocandins or azole antifungals. Ibrexafungerp is orally bioavailable compared to the echinocandins [caspofungin], [micafungin], and [anidulafungin]; which can only be administered parenterally. Similar to echinocandins, ibrexafungerp targets the fungal \u03b2-1,3-glucan synthase, which is not present in humans, limiting the chance of renal or hepatic toxicity.  Ibrexafungerp was granted FDA approval on 1 June 2021.", "Ibrexafungerp is a Triterpenoid Antifungal. The mechanism of action of ibrexafungerp is as a Glucan Synthase Inhibitor.", "Ibrexafungerp is an intravenous and orally bioavailable semisynthetic derivative of enfumafungin with potential antifungal activity. Upon administration, ibrexafungerp inhibits beta-1,3-D-glucan synthase, an enzyme essential for fungal cell wall synthesis. This results in weakening of the fungal cell wall, thereby leading to osmotic lysis and eventually fungal cell death."]], ["Lipotecan", "CC[C@@]1(C2=C(COC1=O)C(=O)N3CC4=CC5=C(C=CC(=C5CN(C)C)O)N=C4C3=C2)OC(=O)C(C)ON=C6C7=C(C(=CC(=C7)[N+](=O)[O-])[N+](=O)[O-])C8=C6C=C(C=C8[N+](=O)[O-])[N+](=O)[O-]", ["Camptothecin Analogue TLC388 is a synthetic analogue of camptothecin with potential antineoplastic and radio-sensitizing activities. Camptothecin analogue TLC388 selectively stabilizes topoisomerase I-DNA covalent complexes during S-phase, thereby inhibiting religation of topoisomerase I-mediated single-strand DNA breaks and producing potentially lethal double-strand DNA breaks when encountered by the DNA replication machinery. Topoisomerase I relaxes negative super-coiled DNA during replication and transcription. This agent has been chemically modified to enhance the potency and stability of camptothecin."]], ["1-(2-Ethoxyethyl)-2-(4-methylhexahydro-1H-1,4-diazepin-1-yl)benzimidazole fumarate (1:2)", "CCOCCN1C(=NC2=CC=CC=C12)N3CCN(CCC3)C.C(=C\\C(=O)O)\\C(=O)O.C(=C\\C(=O)O)\\C(=O)O", ["Emedastine difumarate is the fumaric acid salt of emedastine containing two molecules of fumaric acid for each molecule of emedastine. A relatively selective histamine H1 antagonist, it is used for allergic rhinitis, urticaria, and pruritic skin disorders, and in eyedrops for the symptomatic relief of allergic conjuntivitis. It has a role as a H1-receptor antagonist, an anti-allergic agent and an antipruritic drug. It contains an emedastine."]], ["Avagacestat", "C1=CC(=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)N(CC2=C(C=C(C=C2)C3=NOC=N3)F)[C@H](CCC(F)(F)F)C(=O)N)Cl", ["Avagacestat is an oxadiazole and a ring assembly.", "Avagacestat has been investigated for the basic science and treatment of Alzheimer Disease."]], ["Paclitaxel trevatide", "CC1=C2[C@H](C(=O)[C@@]3([C@H](C[C@@H]4[C@]([C@H]3[C@@H]([C@@](C2(C)C)(C[C@@H]1OC(=O)[C@@H]([C@H](C5=CC=CC=C5)NC(=O)C6=CC=CC=C6)OC(=O)CCC(=O)NCCCC[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(=N)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC7=CC=CC=C7)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCNC(=O)CCC(=O)O[C@H]([C@H](C8=CC=CC=C8)NC(=O)C9=CC=CC=C9)C(=O)O[C@H]1C[C@]2([C@H]([C@H]3[C@@]([C@H](C[C@@H]5[C@]3(CO5)OC(=O)C)O)(C(=O)[C@@H](C(=C1C)C2(C)C)OC(=O)C)C)OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1)O)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(C=C1)O)C(=O)O)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CCCNC(=N)N)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)CNC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CC1=CC=C(C=C1)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)NC(=O)[C@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)O)NC(=O)CCC(=O)O[C@H]([C@H](C1=CC=CC=C1)NC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1)C(=O)O[C@H]1C[C@]2([C@H]([C@H]3[C@@]([C@H](C[C@@H]5[C@]3(CO5)OC(=O)C)O)(C(=O)[C@@H](C(=C1C)C2(C)C)OC(=O)C)C)OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1)O)O)OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1)(CO4)OC(=O)C)O)C)OC(=O)C", ["Three paclitaxel molecules linked by a cleavable succinyl ester linkage to a brain peptide vector, Angiopep-2, conjugate named ANG1005.", "Paclitaxel Trevatide is a peptide-drug conjugate containing the taxane paclitaxel covalently linked to the proprietary 19 amino acid peptide angiopep-2, in a 3:1 ratio, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, paclitaxel trevatide, via angiopep-2 moiety, binds to LRP-1 (low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1), which is highly expressed in blood brain barrier (BBB) and glioma cells. This binding allows the transcytosis of the agent across the BBB and the delivery of the cytotoxic agent paclitaxel. Compared to paclitaxel alone, GRN1005 is able to increase the concentration of paclitaxel in the brain and is also able to specifically deliver paclitaxel to LRP-1-overexpressing tumor cells, both in the brain and in the periphery."]], ["(4-fluorophenyl)(4-((5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)amino)quinazolin-2-yl)methanol", "CC1=CC(=NN1)NC2=NC(=NC3=CC=CC=C32)C(C4=CC=C(C=C4)F)O", ["AC430 has been investigated for the treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis."]], ["3-Chloro-N-((S)-1-(2-(dimethylamino)acetamido)-3-(4-(8-((S)-1-hydroxyethyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-2-yl)phenyl)propan-2-yl)-4-isopropoxybenzamide", "C[C@@H](C1=CC=CN2C1=NC(=C2)C3=CC=C(C=C3)C[C@@H](CNC(=O)CN(C)C)NC(=O)C4=CC(=C(C=C4)OC(C)C)Cl)O", ["GSK-923295 is a small-molecule inhibitor of the mitotic kinesin centromere-associated protein E (CENP-E), and the third novel drug candidate to arise from Cytokinetics' broad strategic alliance with GlaxoSmithKline (GSK). GSK-923295 demonstrated a broad spectrum of activity against a range of human tumor xenografts grown in nude mice, including models of colon, breast, ovarian, lung and other tumors. GSK-923295 is the first drug candidate to enter human clinical trials that specifically targets CENP-E and is currently in Phase I human clinical trials being conducted by GSK.", "CENP-E Inhibitor GSK-923295A is a small-molecule inhibitor of the mitotic kinesin centromere-associated protein E (CENP-E), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, GSK-923295A binds to and inhibits CENP-E, thereby preventing cell division, inducing cell cycle arrest, and ultimately leading to an inhibition of cell proliferation. CENP-E, a kinetochore-associated mitotic kinesin, plays an essential role in chromosome movement during mitosis and regulates cell-cycle transition from metaphase to anaphase."]], ["Simenepag isopropyl", "CCCCC[C@@H](C1=CC=C(C=C1)N2[C@H](CCC2=O)COCC3=CC=C(S3)C(=O)OC(C)C)O", ["Simenepag isopropyl has been used in trials studying the treatment of Ocular Hypertension and Glaucoma, Open-Angle."]], ["FAD trianion", "CC1=CC2=C(C=C1C)N(C3=NC(=NC(=O)C3=N2)[O-])C[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](COP(=O)([O-])OP(=O)([O-])OC[C@@H]4[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O4)N5C=NC6=C(N=CN=C65)N)O)O)O)O)O", ["FAD(3-) is trianion of flavin adenine dinucleotide arising from deprotonation of the diphosphate OH groups and the imide nitrogen. It has a role as a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite and a cofactor. It is an organophosphate oxoanion and a vitamin B2. It is a conjugate base of a FAD."]], ["Apleway", "CCC1=CC=C(C=C1)CC2=CC3=C(CO[C@@]34[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O4)CO)O)O)O)C=C2", ["Tofogliflozin is a member of 2-benzofurans.", "Tofogliflozin has been used in trials studying the treatment and prevention of Diabetes Mellitus Type 2."]], ["Flumatinib mesylate", "CC1=C(C=C(C=N1)NC(=O)C2=CC(=C(C=C2)CN3CCN(CC3)C)C(F)(F)F)NC4=NC=CC(=N4)C5=CN=CC=C5.CS(=O)(=O)O", ["Flumatinib Mesylate is the orally bioavailable, mesylate salt form of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor flumatinib, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, flumatinib inhibits the wild-type forms of Bcr-Abl, platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) and mast/stem cell growth factor receptor (SCFR; c-Kit) and forms of these proteins with certain point mutations. This results in the inhibition of both Bcr-Abl-, PDGFR- and c-Kit-mediated signal transduction pathways, and the proliferation of tumor cells in which these kinases are overexpressed. Bcr-Abl fusion protein is an abnormal, constitutively active enzyme expressed in Philadelphia chromosome positive chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) or acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). PDGFR, upregulated in many tumor cell types, is a receptor tyrosine kinase essential to cell migration and the development of the microvasculature. c-kit, a receptor tyrosine kinase mutated and constitutively activated in certain tumors, plays a key role in tumor cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation."]], ["Jnj-38877605", "CN1C=C(C=N1)C2=NN3C(=NN=C3C(C4=CC5=C(C=C4)N=CC=C5)(F)F)C=C2", ["6-[difluoro-[6-(1-methyl-4-pyrazolyl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-b]pyridazin-3-yl]methyl]quinoline is a member of quinolines.", "JNJ-38877605 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Neoplasms.", "c-Met Inhibitor JNJ-38877605 is an orally bioavailable, small-molecule receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor with potential antineoplastic activity. c-Met inhibitor JNJ-38877605 selectively inhibits c-Met, a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) involved in cancer cell survival and invasiveness, and tumor angiogenesis. c-Met is also known as hepatocyte growth factor receptor (HGFR)."]], ["5-(9-Isopropyl-8-methyl-2-morpholino-9H-purin-6-yl)pyrimidin-2-amine", "CC1=NC2=C(N=C(N=C2N1C(C)C)N3CCOCC3)C4=CN=C(N=C4)N", ["VS-5584 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Lymphoma, Metastatic Cancer, and Non Hematologic Cancers.", "PI3K/mTOR Kinase Inhibitor VS-5584 is a potent and selective inhibitor of both phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase in the PI3K/mTOR signaling pathway, with potential antineoplastic activity. PI3K/mTOR kinase inhibitor VS-5584 inhibits mTOR kinase and all class I PI3K isoforms. Consequently, this disrupts phosphorylation of substrates downstream of PI3K and mTOR and may result in apoptosis and growth inhibition in susceptible tumor cells. Activation of the PI3K/mTOR pathway promotes cell growth, survival, and resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. mTOR is a serine/threonine kinase downstream of PI3K, which also has PI3K-independent activity. Consequently, this agent may potentially be more potent than an agent that inhibits either PI3K kinase or mTOR kinase."]], ["Onalespib lactate", "C[C@@H](C(=O)O)O.CC(C)C1=CC(=C(C=C1O)O)C(=O)N2CC3=C(C2)C=C(C=C3)CN4CCN(CC4)C", ["Onalespib Lactate is the lactate form of onalespib, a synthetic, orally bioavailable, small-molecule inhibitor of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) with potential antineoplastic activity. Onalespib selectively binds to Hsp90, thereby inhibiting its chaperone function and promoting the degradation of oncogenic signaling proteins involved in tumor cell proliferation and survival. Hsp90, a chaperone protein upregulated in a variety of tumor cells, regulates the folding, stability and degradation of many oncogenic signaling proteins."]], ["N,N-Dimethyl-5-({2-Methyl-6-[(5-Methylpyrazin-2-Yl)carbamoyl]-1-Benzofuran-4-Yl}oxy)pyrimidine-2-Carboxamide", "CC1=CC2=C(O1)C=C(C=C2OC3=CN=C(N=C3)C(=O)N(C)C)C(=O)NC4=NC=C(N=C4)C", ["PF-04937319 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01513928 (A Study To Compare The Pharmacokinetics Of Different Formulations Of PF-04937319 In Healthy Subjects)."]], ["2-{4-[(2-Oxocyclopentyl)methyl]phenyl}propanoate", "CC(C1=CC=C(C=C1)CC2CCCC2=O)C(=O)[O-]", ["Loxoprofen(1-) is an oxo monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of loxoprofen, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group. It is a conjugate base of a loxoprofen."]], ["PF-04620110", "C1CC(CCC1CC(=O)O)C2=CC=C(C=C2)N3CCOC4=NC=NC(=C4C3=O)N", ["PF-04620110 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01146327 (A Multiple Dose Study Of PF-04620110 In Healthy Overweight Or Obese Subjects)."]], ["2-(2',3-Dimethyl-[2,4'-bipyridin]-5-yl)-N-(5-(pyrazin-2-yl)pyridin-2-yl)acetamide", "CC1=CC(=CN=C1C2=CC(=NC=C2)C)CC(=O)NC3=NC=C(C=C3)C4=NC=CN=C4", ["LGK974 is a carboxamide, the structure of which is that of acetamide substituted on carbon by a 2',3-dimethyl-2,4'-bipyridin-5-yl group and on nitrogen by a 5-(pyrazin-2-yl)pyridin-2-yl group. It is a highly potent, selective and orally bioavailable Porcupine inhibitor (a Wnt signalling inhibitor). It has a role as a Wnt signalling inhibitor. It is a member of bipyridines, a member of pyrazines, a member of pyridines and a secondary carboxamide. It is functionally related to an acetamide.", "WNT974 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer and Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Head And Neck.", "Porcupine Inhibitor WNT974 is an orally available inhibitor of porcupine (PORCN), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, WNT974 binds to and inhibits PORCN in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which blocks post-translational acylation of Wnt ligands and inhibits their secretion. This prevents the activation of Wnt ligands, interferes with Wnt-mediated signaling, and inhibits cell growth in Wnt-driven tumors. Porcupine, a membrane-bound O-acyltransferase (MBOAT), is required for the palmitoylation of Wnt ligands, and plays a key role in Wnt ligand secretion and activity. Wnt signaling is dysregulated in a variety of cancers."]], ["Aganepag isopropyl", "CCCCC[C@@H](C1=CC=C(C=C1)N2[C@H](CCC2=O)CCCC3=CC=C(S3)C(=O)OC(C)C)O", ["Aganepag isopropyl is a member of pyrrolidines.", "Aganepag isopropyl is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01110499 (Safety and Efficacy of AGN-210961 Ophthalmic Solution Compared With Bimatoprost Ophthalmic Solution in Patients With Glaucoma or Ocular Hypertension)."]], ["Bleomycin (sulfate)", "CC1=C(N=C(N=C1N)[C@H](CC(=O)N)NC[C@H](C(=O)N)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C2=CN=CN2)O[C@@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](O3)CO)O)O)O[C@@H]4[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O4)CO)O)OC(=O)N)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)[C@@H]([C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)NCCC5=NC(=CS5)C6=NC(=CS6)C(=O)NCCC[S+](C)C)O.OS(=O)(=O)[O-]", ["Bleomycin Sulfate is a mixture of the sulfate salts of basic glycopeptide antineoplastic antibiotics isolated from Streptomyces verticillus. Bleomycin sulfate forms complexes with iron that reduce molecular oxygen to superoxide and hydroxyl radicals which cause single- and double-stranded breaks in DNA; these reactive oxygen species also induce lipid peroxidation, carbohydrate oxidation, and alterations in prostaglandin synthesis and degradation.", "A complex of related glycopeptide antibiotics from Streptomyces verticillus consisting of bleomycin A2 and B2. It inhibits DNA metabolism and is used as an antineoplastic, especially for solid tumors."]], ["3-[[2-[2-[2-[[(2R,3R)-2-[[(2R,3R,4S)-4-[[(2S)-2-[[6-amino-2-[(1S)-3-amino-1-[[(2R)-2,3-diamino-3-oxopropyl]amino]-3-oxopropyl]-5-methylpyrimidine-4-carbonyl]amino]-3-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6R)-3-[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-4-carbamoyloxy-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-3-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)propanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxy-2-methylpentanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxybutanoyl]amino]ethyl]-1,3-thiazol-4-yl]-1,3-thiazole-4-carbonyl]amino]propyl-dimethylsulfanium", "CC1=C(N=C(N=C1N)[C@H](CC(=O)N)NC[C@H](C(=O)N)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C2=CN=CN2)O[C@@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](O3)CO)O)O)O[C@@H]4[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O4)CO)O)OC(=O)N)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)[C@@H]([C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)NCCC5=NC(=CS5)C6=NC(=CS6)C(=O)NCCC[S+](C)C)O", ["Bleomycin Sulfate is a mixture of the sulfate salts of basic glycopeptide antineoplastic antibiotics isolated from Streptomyces verticillus. Bleomycin sulfate forms complexes with iron that reduce molecular oxygen to superoxide and hydroxyl radicals which cause single- and double-stranded breaks in DNA; these reactive oxygen species also induce lipid peroxidation, carbohydrate oxidation, and alterations in prostaglandin synthesis and degradation.", "A complex of related glycopeptide antibiotics from Streptomyces verticillus consisting of bleomycin A2 and B2. It inhibits DNA metabolism and is used as an antineoplastic, especially for solid tumors."]], ["2-{(2Z)-2-[(3,5-Dimethyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)methylene]-3-methoxy-2H-pyrrol-5-yl}-1H-indole", "CC1=CC(=C(N1)/C=C\\2/C(=C/C(=C\\3/C=C4C=CC=CC4=N3)/N2)OC)C", ["Obatoclax is a small molecule and a pan-inhibitor of Bcl-2 family proteins, with pro-apoptotic activity. GX015-070 is a selective antagonist of the BH3-binding groove of the Bcl-2 family proteins, which are frequently overexpressed in cancers including chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). This agent induces/restores apoptosis in cancer cells by inhibiting apoptosis suppressors in multiple members of the Bcl-2 family simultaneously."]], ["(1R,4S,5'S,6R,6'R,8R,10E,12S,13S,14E,16E,20R,21R,24S)-6'-[(2R)-butan-2-yl]-21,24-dihydroxy-12-[(2R,4S,5S,6S)-5-[(2S,4S,5S,6S)-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-4-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-5',11,13,22-tetramethylspiro[3,7,19-trioxatetracyclo[15.6.1.14,8.020,24]pentacosa-10,14,16,22-tetraene-6,2'-oxane]-2-one;(1R,4S,5'S,6R,6'R,8R,10E,12S,13S,14E,16E,20R,21R,24S)-21,24-dihydroxy-12-[(2R,4S,5S,6S)-5-[(2S,4S,5S,6S)-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-4-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-5',11,13,22-tetramethyl-6'-propan-2-ylspiro[3,7,19-trioxatetracyclo[15.6.1.14,8.020,24]pentacosa-10,14,16,22-tetraene-6,2'-oxane]-2-one", "CC[C@@H](C)[C@@H]1[C@H](CC[C@@]2(O1)C[C@@H]3C[C@H](O2)C/C=C(/[C@H]([C@H](/C=C/C=C/4\\CO[C@H]5[C@@]4([C@@H](C=C([C@H]5O)C)C(=O)O3)O)C)O[C@H]6C[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O6)C)O[C@H]7C[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O7)C)O)OC)OC)\\C)C.C[C@H]1CC[C@]2(C[C@@H]3C[C@H](O2)C/C=C(/[C@H]([C@H](/C=C/C=C/4\\CO[C@H]5[C@@]4([C@@H](C=C([C@H]5O)C)C(=O)O3)O)C)O[C@H]6C[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O6)C)O[C@H]7C[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O7)C)O)OC)OC)\\C)O[C@@H]1C(C)C", ["Ivermectin is a semi-synthetic antiparasitic medication derived from avermectins, a class of highly-active broad-spectrum antiparasitic agents isolated from the fermentation products of Streptomyces avermitilis. Ivermectin itself is a mixture of two avermectins, comprising roughly 90% 5-O-demethyl-22,23-dihydroavermectin A1a (22,23-dihydroavermectin B1a) and 10% 5-O-demethyl-25-de(1-methylpropyl)-22,23-dihydro\u00ad-25-(1-methylethyl)avermectin A1a (22,23-dihydroavermectin B1b).  Ivermectin is mainly used in humans in the treatment of onchocerciasis, but may also be effective against other worm infestations (such as strongyloidiasis, ascariasis, trichuriasis and enterobiasis). Applied topically, it may be used in the treatment of head lice infestation.  With the advent of 2020 and the COVID-19 pandemic, ivermectin began garnering notoriety due to its off-label use for the prophylaxis and treatment of COVID-19. While studies are still ongoing, much of the evidence for ivermectin in COVID-19 relies on pre-print in vitro data, and the clinical utility of this data remains unclear. Due to a number of factors - for example, the relatively low number of patients per trial and the speed at which these trials were conducted - studies on the use of ivermectin in COVID-19 have been fraught with statistical errors and accusations of plagiarism. In addition, the use of aggregate patient data in large-scale meta-analyses (as opposed to individual patient data (IPD)) has been shown to disguise otherwise blatant data errors, such as extreme terminal digit bias and the duplication of blocks of patient records.    Until high-quality, peer-reviewed data regarding both the safety and efficacy of ivermectin for COVID-19 in humans becomes available, the use of ivermectin for these purposes should be avoided in favour of thoroughly-vetted therapies (e.g. COVID-19 vaccines like [Comirnaty](https://go.drugbank.com/drugs/DB15696))."]], ["Milciclib maleate", "CC1(CC2=CN=C(N=C2C3=C1C(=NN3C)C(=O)NC)NC4=CC=C(C=C4)N5CCN(CC5)C)C.C(=C\\C(=O)O)\\C(=O)O", ["Milciclib Maleate is the maleate salt form of milciclib, an orally bioavailable inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and tropomyosin receptor kinase A (TRKA), with potential antineoplastic activity. CDK2/TRKA inhibitor PHA-848125 AC potently inhibits cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) and exhibits activity against other CDKs including CDK1 and CDK4, in addition to TRKA. Inhibition of these kinases may result in cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of tumor cells that express these kinases. CDKs are serine/threonine kinases involved in regulation of the cell cycle and may be overexpressed in some cancer cell types. The neurotrophin receptor TRKA is mutated in a variety of cancer cell types."]], ["1H-Pyrazole-1-ethanol, 4-((1E)-2-(5-((1R)-1-(3,5-dichloro-4-pyridinyl)ethoxy)-1H-indazol-3-yl)ethenyl)-", "C[C@H](C1=C(C=NC=C1Cl)Cl)OC2=CC3=C(C=C2)NN=C3/C=C/C4=CN(N=C4)CCO", ["LY2874455 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Advanced Cancer.", "Pan-FGFR Inhibitor LY2874455 is an orally bioavailable pan-inhibitor of fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) family proteins, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, FGFR inhibitor LY2874455 binds to and inhibits FGFR subtypes 1 (FGFR1), 2 (FGFR2), 3 (FGFR3) and 4 (FGFR4), which results in the inhibition of FGFR-mediated signal transduction pathways. This inhibits both tumor angiogenesis and proliferation of FGFR-overexpressing tumor cells. FGFR, a family of receptor tyrosine kinases upregulated in many tumor cell types, plays a key role in cellular proliferation, cell survival and angiogenesis."]], ["4-oxo-4-[[(1S,4S,8S,9R)-1,5,9-trimethyl-11,14,15,16-tetraoxatetracyclo[10.3.1.04,13.08,13]hexadecan-10-yl]oxy]butanoic acid", "C[C@@H]1[C@@H]2CCC([C@H]3C24C(OC1OC(=O)CCC(=O)O)O[C@](CC3)(OO4)C)C", ["Artesunate is a water-soluble, semi-synthetic derivative of the sesquiterpine lactone artemisinin with anti-malarial, anti-schistosomiasis, antiviral, and potential anti-neoplastic activities. Upon hydrolysis of artesunate's active endoperoxide bridge moiety by liberated heme in parasite-infected red blood cells, reactive oxygen species and carbon-centered radicals form, which have been shown to damage and kill parasitic organisms. Additionally, in vitro studies demonstrate that this agent induces DNA breakage in a dose-dependent manner. Artesunate has also been shown to stimulate cell differentiation, arrest the cell cycle in the G1 and G2/M phases, inhibit cell proliferation, and induce apoptosis through mitochondrial and caspase signaling pathways. Artemisinin is isolated from the plant Artemisia annua.", "artesunate is a mineral.", "A water-soluble, semi-synthetic derivative of the sesquiterpene lactone artemisinin with anti-malarial, anti-schistosomiasis, antiviral, and potential anti-neoplastic activities"]], ["Beclabuvir", "CN1CC2CCC(C1)N2C(=O)[C@]34C[C@H]3C5=C(C=CC(=C5)OC)C6=C(C7=C(N6C4)C=C(C=C7)C(=O)NS(=O)(=O)N(C)C)C8CCCCC8", ["Beclabuvir is a non-nucleoside, polymerase inhibitor of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) nonstructural protein 5B (NS5B), a RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, with potential activity against HCV. Upon administration and after intracellular uptake, beclabuvir allosterically binds to the non-catalytic Thumb 1 site of viral HCV NS5B polymerase and causes a decrease in viral RNA synthesis and replication. The HCV NS5B protein is essential for the replication of the viral HCV RNA genome. HCV is a small, enveloped, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Flaviviridae family."]], ["Chiauranib", "COC1=CC2=NC=CC(=C2C=C1)OC3=CC4=C(C=C3)C(=CC=C4)C(=O)NC5=CC=CC=C5N", ["Chiauranib is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03974243 (Chiauranib in Combination With Chidamide in Patients With Relapsed/refractory Non-hodgkin's Lymphoma).", "Chiauranib is an orally available, small molecule inhibitor of select serine-threonine kinases, including aurora kinase B (aurora B), vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFRs), stem cell factor receptor (c-KIT), and platelet-derived growth factor receptors (PDGFRs), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, chiauranib binds to and inhibits the activity of aurora B, VEGFRs, c-kit and PDGFRs, which may result in a decrease in the proliferation of tumor cells that overexpress these kinases. These kinases are overexpressed by a variety of cancer cell types."]], ["5-(7-(methylsulfonyl)-2-morpholino-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)pyrimidin-2-amine", "CS(=O)(=O)N1CCC2=C(N=C(N=C21)N3CCOCC3)C4=CN=C(N=C4)N", ["CH5132799 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Solid Tumors.", "Izorlisib is an orally bioavailable inhibitor of the class I phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PI3K) catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, izorlisib selectively binds to and inhibits PIK3CA and its mutated forms in the PI3K/Akt (protein kinase B)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. This results in both apoptosis and growth inhibition in PIK3CA-expressing tumor cells. By specifically targeting PIK3CA, izorlisib may be more efficacious and less toxic than pan-PI3K inhibitors. In addition, izorlisib also targets mutated forms of PI3K gamma (PI3Kg). It may also stimulate the immune system to restore CD8+ T-cell activation and cytotoxicity. Dysregulation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway is often found in solid tumors and results in the promotion of tumor cell growth, survival, and resistance to chemo- and radio-therapy. PIK3CA, one of the most frequently mutated oncogenes, encodes the p110-alpha catalytic subunit of the class I PI3K. In most solid tumors, the activation of the PI3K pathway is induced by mutations of PIK3CA."]], ["4-Thia-1-azabicyclo(3.2.0)hept-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid, 6-((1R)-1-hydroxyethyl)-7-oxo-3-(((1R,3S)-tetrahydro-1-oxido-3-thienyl)thio)-, (2-ethyl-1-oxobutoxy)methyl ester, (5R,6S)-", "CCC(CC)C(=O)OCOC(=O)C1=C(S[C@H]2N1C(=O)[C@@H]2[C@@H](C)O)S[C@H]3CCS(=O)C3", ["Sulopenem Etzadroxil is an orally available ester prodrug form of sulopenem, a thiopenem with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. After oral administration of sulopenem etzadroxil, the ester bond is cleaved, releasing active sulopenem. Sulopenem is not active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In addition, this agent is fairly stable against hydrolysis by various beta-lactamases."]], ["D-3263 (hydrochloride)", "C[C@@H]1CC[C@H]([C@@H](C1)C(=O)N2C3=C(C=C(C=C3)OC)N(C2=O)CCN)C(C)C.Cl", ["Enteric-Coated TRPM8 Agonist D-3263 Hydrochloride is an enteric-coated orally bioavailable formulation of the hydrochloride salt of a small-molecule agonist for transient receptor potential melastatin member 8 (TRPM8 or Trp-p8) with potential antineoplastic activity. The active ingredient in enteric-coated TRPM8 agonist D-3263 hydrochloride binds to and activates TRPM8, which may result in an increase in calcium and sodium entry; the disruption of calcium and sodium homeostasis; and the induction of cell death in TRPM8-expressing tumor cells. This agent may decrease dihydrotestosterone (DHT) levels, which may contribute to its inhibitory effects on prostate cancer and BPH. TRPM8 is a transmembrane calcium channel protein that is normally expressed in prostate cells and appears to be overexpressed in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and in prostate cancer."]], ["Emvododstat", "COC1=CC=C(C=C1)[C@H]2C3=C(CCN2C(=O)OC4=CC=C(C=C4)Cl)C5=C(N3)C=CC(=C5)Cl", ["PTC299 is a novel, orally administered small-molecule designed to inhibit the production of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in tumors. Overexpression of VEGF plays a key role in multiple diseases including cancer and macular degeneration. PTC299 was discovered through PTC's GEMS technology by targeting the post-transcriptional processes that regulate VEGF formation, and is currently being developed for the treatment of cancer.", "Emvododstat is an orally bioavailable, small molecule inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) synthesis with potential antiangiogenesis and antineoplastic activities. Emvododstat targets post-transcriptionally by selectively binding the 5'- and 3'-untranslated regions (UTR) of VEGF messenger RNA (mRNA), thereby preventing translation of VEGF. This inhibits VEGF protein production and decreases its levels in the tumor and bloodstream. In turn, this may result in the inhibition of migration, proliferation and survival of endothelial cells, microvessel formation, the inhibition of tumor cell proliferation, and eventually the induction of tumor cell death. VEGFs are upregulated in a variety of tumor cell types and play key roles during angiogenesis. In addition, emvododstat may enhance the antitumor activity of other chemotherapeutic agents."]], ["Cyclopropanecarboxylic acid, 1-[4'-[3-methyl-4-[[[(1R)-1-phenylethoxy]carbonyl]amino]-5-isoxazolyl][1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl]-", "CC1=NOC(=C1NC(=O)O[C@H](C)C2=CC=CC=C2)C3=CC=C(C=C3)C4=CC=C(C=C4)C5(CC5)C(=O)O", ["BMS-986020 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02017730 (To Evaluate The Relationship Between Plasma Drug Levels And Receptor Binding in Lung Using PET (Positron Emission Tomography) In Healthy Volunteers)."]], ["Onvansertib", "CN1CCN(CC1)C2=CC(=C(C=C2)OC(F)(F)F)NC3=NC=C4CCC5=C(C4=N3)N(N=C5C(=O)N)CCO", ["Onvansertib is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03303339 (Onvansertib in Combination With Either Low-dose Cytarabine or Decitabine in Adult Patients With Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML).).", "Onvansertib is an orally bioavailable, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) competitive inhibitor of polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1; PLK-1; STPK13), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, onvansertib selectively binds to and inhibits PLK1, which disrupts mitosis and induces selective G2/M cell-cycle arrest followed by apoptosis in PLK1-overexpressing tumor cells. PLK1, named after the polo gene of Drosophila melanogaster, is a serine/threonine kinase that is crucial for the regulation of mitosis, and plays a key role in tumor cell proliferation. PLK1 expression is upregulated in a variety of tumor cell types and high expression is associated with increased aggressiveness and poor prognosis."]], ["3-[[6-(3-carboxy-2,4,6-triiodoanilino)-6-oxohexanoyl]amino]-2,4,6-triiodobenzoic acid;(2R,3R,4R,5S)-6-(methylamino)hexane-1,2,3,4,5-pentol", "CNC[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](CO)O)O)O)O.C1=C(C(=C(C(=C1I)NC(=O)CCCCC(=O)NC2=C(C=C(C(=C2I)C(=O)O)I)I)I)C(=O)O)I", ["Iodipamide Meglumine is the meglumine salt form of iodipamide, a tri-iodinated benzoate derivative and an ionic dimeric contrast agent used in diagnostic imaging. When administered in vivo, iodipamide is removed from the liver and secreted into the biliary tract. Like other organic iodine compounds, this agent blocks x-ray and appears opaque on x-ray film; thereby it enhances the visibility of the bile ducts and gallbladder during cholangiography and cholecystography procedures."]], ["Meclizine hydrochloride (500 MG)", "CC1=CC(=CC=C1)CN2CCN(CC2)C(C3=CC=CC=C3)C4=CC=C(C=C4)Cl.O.Cl", ["Meclizine Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of meclizine, a synthetic piperazine with anti-emetic, sedative and histamine H1 antagonistic properties. Meclizine hydrochloride blocks the H1 histamine receptor and prevents the symptoms that are caused by histamine activity on capillaries, bronchial and gastrointestinal smooth muscles, including vasodilation, increased capillary permeability, bronchoconstriction, and spasmodic contraction of gastrointestinal smooth muscles. Meclizine hydrochloride may exert its antiemetic effects by its anticholinergic actions or due to a direct effect on the medullary chemoreceptive trigger zone.", "A histamine H1 antagonist used in the treatment of motion sickness, vertigo, and nausea during pregnancy and radiation sickness."]], ["Technetium tc-99m gluceptate", "C([C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](C(=O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O.[99Tc]", ["Technetium tc-99m gluceptate is a Radioactive Diagnostic Agent. The mechanism of action of technetium tc-99m gluceptate is as a Radiopharmaceutical Activity."]], ["CID 49800025", "C[C@H](CC1=CC=C(C=C1)OC)NC[C@@H](C2=CC(=C(C=C2)O)NC=O)O.C(=C/C(=O)O)\\C(=O)O.O", ["Formoterol Fumarate is the fumarate salt form of formoterol, a long-acting and selective sympathomimetic beta-receptor agonist with bronchodilator activity. Formoterol fumarate binds beta 2 adrenergic receptors in bronchial smooth muscle and stimulates intracellular adenyl cyclase, thereby increasing the production of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). Increased cAMP levels cause relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle, improve mucociliary clearance and reduce mediator substance release in inflammatory cells, especially from mast cells. (NCI05)"]], ["(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2S,3S,4S,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol;iron", "C([C@@H]1[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](O1)O[C@]2([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O2)CO)O)O)CO)O)O)O)O.[Fe]", ["A glucaric acid-iron conjugate that is used in the treatment of IRON-DEFICIENCY ANEMIA, including in patients with chronic kidney disease, when oral iron therapy is ineffective or impractical."]], ["(2S)-1-phenylpropan-2-amine;2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxyhexanedioic acid", "C[C@@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)N.C(C(C(C(=O)O)O)O)(C(C(=O)O)O)O", ["Dextroamphetamine Saccharate is the saccharate salt form of the dextro-isomer of amphetamine, a synthetic substance related to natural sympathomimetic amines, with CNS stimulating properties. Dextroamphetamine saccharate acts by facilitating the release of catecholamines, particularly noradrenaline and dopamine, from its storage sites in nerve terminals in the brain, and inhibits their uptake within the mesocorticolimbic system, a major component of the brain reward system, thereby resulting in measurable behavioral changes such as euphoria. As a CNS stimulant, this agent may increase blood pressure and reduce appetite. Similar to other amphetamines, dextroamphetamine has a high potential for abuse, dependence, and addiction if used in large doses over extended periods of time."]], ["CID 49800045", "C[C@]12CC[C@H]3[C@H]([C@@H]1CC[C@@H]2O)CCC4=C3C=CC(=C4)O.O", ["Estradiol Hemihydrate is the hemihydrate form of estradiol, the most potent, naturally produced estrogen.  Estradiol hemihydrate diffuses through the cell membrane and binds to and subsequently activates the nuclear estrogen receptor found in the reproductive tract, breast, pituitary, hypothalamus, liver, and bone. The activated complex binds to the estrogen response element on the DNA and activates the transcription of genes involved in the functioning of the female reproductive system and secondary sex characteristics.", "The 17-beta-isomer of estradiol, an aromatized C18 steroid with hydroxyl group at 3-beta- and 17-beta-position. Estradiol-17-beta is the most potent form of mammalian estrogenic steroids."]], ["Indium In 111 chloride", "Cl[111In](Cl)Cl", ["Indium In-111 Chloride is a diagnostic radiopharmaceutical agent intended for radiolabeling OncoScint (satumomab pendetide) or ProstaScint (capromab pendetide) used for in vivo diagnostic imaging procedures and for radiolabeling Zevalin (ibritumomab tiuxetan) in preparations used for radioimmunotherapy procedures. It  is supplied as a sterile, pyrogen-free solution of Indium (\"'In) Chloride in O.04M HCI.", "Indium In-111 Chloride is a radioactive salt that is used as a reagent in the preparation of indium 111-labeled radiopharmaceuticals. Indium 111-labeled radioconjugates are used as radioactive tracers in nuclear medicine that detect malignant lesions and inflammatory tissues probably due to an increased capillary permeability. Indium-111 chloride is particularly used in the radiolabeling of the monoclonal antibodies satumomab pendetide, 7E11-C5.3 (CYT-356), and ibritumomab tiuxetan. (NCI05)"]], ["(3-(4-(2-Oxa-6-azaspiro[3.3]heptan-6-ylmethyl)phenoxy)azetidin-1-yl)(5-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)methanone", "COC1=CC=C(C=C1)C2=NN=C(O2)C(=O)N3CC(C3)OC4=CC=C(C=C4)CN5CC6(C5)COC6", ["AZD1979 is a carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-(p-methoxyphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 3-phenoxyazetidine and in which the phenoxy group has been substituted at the para- position by a 2-oxa-6-azaspiro[3.3]heptan-6-ylmethyl group. It is a melanin concentrating hormone receptor 1 (MCHr1) antagonist. It has a role as a melanin-concentrating hormone receptor antagonist. It is an azaspiro compound, an oxaspiro compound, an oxadiazole, a N-acylazetidine, a member of oxetanes, an aromatic ether and a carboxamide. It is a conjugate base of an AZD1979(1+)."]], ["Dactolisib Tosylate", "CC1=CC=C(C=C1)S(=O)(=O)O.CC(C)(C#N)C1=CC=C(C=C1)N2C3=C4C=C(C=CC4=NC=C3N(C2=O)C)C5=CC6=CC=CC=C6N=C5", ["Dactolisib Tosylate is the tosylate salt form of dactolisib, an orally bioavailable imidazoquinoline targeting the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K) and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, dactolisib inhibits PI3K kinase and mTOR kinase in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR kinase signaling pathway, which may result in tumor cell apoptosis and growth inhibition in PI3K/mTOR-overexpressing tumor cells. Activation of the PI3K/mTOR pathway promotes cell growth, survival, and resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. mTOR, a serine/threonine kinase downstream of PI3K, may also be activated independent of PI3K."]], ["Gilteritinib", "CCC1=C(N=C(C(=N1)C(=O)N)NC2=CC(=C(C=C2)N3CCC(CC3)N4CCN(CC4)C)OC)NC5CCOCC5", ["Gilteritinib is a member of the class of pyrazines that is pyrazine-2-carboxamide which is substituted by {3-methoxy-4-[4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)piperidin-1-yl]phenyl}nitrilo, (oxan-4-yl)nitrilo and ethyl groups at positions 3,5 and 6, respectively. It is a potent inhibitor of FLT3 and AXL tyrosine kinase receptors (IC50 = 0.29 nM and 0.73 nM, respectively). Approved by the FDA for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia in patients who have a FLT3 gene mutation. It has a role as an apoptosis inducer, an EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor and an antineoplastic agent. It is a N-methylpiperazine, a member of piperidines, a secondary amino compound, a monomethoxybenzene, a member of pyrazines, a primary carboxamide, an aromatic amine and a member of oxanes.", "Gilteritinib, also known as ASP2215, is a small molecule part of the FLT3 tyrosine kinase inhibitors that presented a greater selectivity and potency when compared with other agents from this group. It is a pyrazinecarboxamide derivative that showed high selectivity to FLT3 preventing the c-Kit -driven myelosuppression observed in other therapies. Gilteritinib was developed by Astellas Pharma and FDA approved on November 28, 2018. This drug was approved after being designed as an orphan drug with a fast track and priority review status.", "Gilteritinib is an orally available small molecule inhibitor of FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) which is used as an antineoplastic agent in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia with FLT3 mutations. Gilteritinib is associated with a moderate rate of serum aminotransferase elevations during therapy and is suspected to cause rare instances of clinically apparent acute liver injury.", "Gilteritinib is an orally bioavailable inhibitor of the receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3; STK1; FLK2), AXL (UFO; JTK11), anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK; CD246), and leukocyte receptor tyrosine kinase (LTK), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, gilteritinib binds to and inhibits both the wild-type and mutated forms of FLT3, AXL, ALK and LTK. This may result in an inhibition of FLT3-, AXL-, ALK-, and LTK-mediated signal transduction pathways and reduced proliferation in cancer cells that overexpress these RTKs. FLT3, AXL, ALK, and LTK, which are overexpressed or mutated in a variety of cancer cell types, play key roles in tumor cell growth and survival."]], ["methyl (4aS,6aR,6bS,12aS)-11-cyano-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-10,14-dioxo-1,3,4,5,6,7,8,8a,14a,14b-decahydropicene-4a-carboxylate", "C[C@@]12CC[C@]3(CCC(CC3C1C(=O)C=C4[C@]2(CCC5[C@@]4(C=C(C(=O)C5(C)C)C#N)C)C)(C)C)C(=O)OC", ["Bardoxolone Methyl is the methyl ester form of bardoxolone, a synthetic triterpenoid compound with potential antineoplastic and anti-inflammatory activities. Bardoxolone blocks the synthesis of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and inducible cyclooxygenase (COX-2), two enzymes involved in inflammation and carcinogenesis. This agent also inhibits the interleukin-1 (IL-1)-induced expression of the pro-inflammatory proteins matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) and matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) and the expression of Bcl-3; Bcl-3 is an IL-1-responsive gene that preferentially contributes to MMP-1 gene expression."]], ["Birinapant", "CC[C@@H](C(=O)N1C[C@H](C[C@H]1CC2=C(NC3=C2C=CC(=C3)F)C4=C(C5=C(N4)C=C(C=C5)F)C[C@@H]6C[C@@H](CN6C(=O)[C@H](CC)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC)O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC", ["Birinapant is a dipeptide.", "Birinapant has been investigated for the treatment of Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS) and Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia (CMML).", "Birinapant is a synthetic small molecule that is both a peptidomimetic of second mitochondrial-derived activator of caspases (SMAC) and inhibitor of IAP (Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein) family proteins, with potential antineoplastic activity. As a SMAC mimetic and IAP antagonist, birinapant selectively binds to and inhibits the activity of IAPs, such as X chromosome-linked IAP (XIAP) and cellular IAPs 1 (cIAP1) and 2 (cIAP2), with a greater effect on cIAP1 than cIAP2. Since IAPs shield cancer cells from the apoptosis process, this agent may restore and promote the induction of apoptosis through apoptotic signaling pathways in cancer cells and inactivate the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB)-mediated survival pathway. IAPs are overexpressed by many cancer cell types. They are able to suppress apoptosis by binding to, via their baculoviral lAP repeat (BIR) domains, and inhibiting active caspases-3, -7 and -9. IAP overexpression promotes both cancer cell survival and chemotherapy resistance."]], ["N-(3-((4aS,7aS)-2-amino-4a,5,7,7a-tetrahydro-4H-furo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazin-7a-yl)-4-fluorophenyl)-5-fluoropicolinamide", "C1[C@H]2CSC(=N[C@]2(CO1)C3=C(C=CC(=C3)NC(=O)C4=NC=C(C=C4)F)F)N", ["LY2886721 has been used in trials studying the basic science of Alzheimer's Disease."]], ["3-(5-Amino-2-(4-(2-(3,3-difluoro-3-phosphonopropoxy)ethoxy)-2-methylphenethyl)benzo[f][1,7]naphthyridin-8-yl)propanoic acid", "CC1=C(C=CC(=C1)OCCOCCC(F)(F)P(=O)(O)O)CCC2=CC3=C4C=CC(=CC4=NC(=C3N=C2)N)CCC(=O)O", ["TLR7 Agonist LHC165 is a benzonapthyridine Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7 agonist that is adsorbed to aluminum hydroxide with immunostimulating and potential antitumor activities. Upon intratumoral administration of TLR7 agonist LHC165, the agent is slowly released and targets, binds to and activates TLR7.  This may trigger, in addition to other possible responses, the activation of cluster of differentiation (CD) 8+ T cells and natural killer (NK) cells, the blockage of the suppressive function of regulatory T cells (Tregs), and the production of interferon alpha (IFNa).  TLR7 is a member of the TLR family, which plays a fundamental role in pathogen recognition and activation of innate immunity."]], ["Foslinanib", "COC1=C(C2=C(C=C1)NC(=CC2=O)C3=CC(=CC=C3)F)OP(=O)(O)O", ["Foslinanib is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03600233 (Study of CVM-1118 for Patients With Advanced Neuroendocrine Tumors).", "Foslinanib is an orally bioavailable agent with potential antineoplastic and anti-vasculogenic mimicry activities. Upon oral administration, foslinanib targets and inhibits the formation of vasculogenic mimicry (VM; vascular mimicry). By destroying the VM channels and network, cancer cells are devoid of perfusion leading to an induction of cancer cell apoptosis and inhibition of cancer cell proliferation. VM is associated with tumor metastasis."]], ["Setipiprant", "C1CN(CC2=C1N(C3=C2C=C(C=C3)F)CC(=O)O)C(=O)C4=CC=CC5=CC=CC=C54", ["Setipiprant is a naphthalenecarboxamide.", "Setipiprant has been investigated for the treatment of Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis."]], ["Lusutrombopag", "CCCCCCO[C@@H](C)C1=CC=CC(=C1OC)C2=CSC(=N2)NC(=O)C3=CC(=C(C(=C3)Cl)/C=C(\\C)/C(=O)O)Cl", ["Lusutrombopag is a member of cinnamic acids.", "Lusutrombopag is an orally bioavailable thrombopoietin receptor (TPOR) agonist developed by Shionogi & Company (Osaka, Japan). TPOR is a regulatory target site for endogenous thrombopoietin, which acts as a primary cytokine to promote megakaryocyte proliferation and differentiation, and affect other hematopoietic lineages as well, including erythroid, granulocytic and lymphoid lineages. Thrombocytopenia, which indicates abnormally low levels of platelets, is a common complication related to chronic liver disease. This hematological abnormality, especially in cases of severe thrombocytopenia (platelet count <50,000/\u03bcL), creates challenges to patients requiring invasive medical procedures where there is a significant risk for spontaneous bleeding. Lusutrombopag binds to the transmembrane domain of TPOR expressed on megakaryocytes, and causes the proliferation and differentiation of megakaryocytic progenitor cells from hematopoietic stem cells.   In September 2015, lusutrombopag received its first global approval in Japan to reduce the need for platelet transfusion in adults with chronic liver disease and thrombocytopenia who are schedule to undergo an invasive medical procedure. Lusutrombopag was approved by the FDA on July 31st, 2018 for the same therapeutic indication under the market name Mulpleta. In two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials, patients with chronic liver disease and severe thrombocytopenia who were undergoing an invasive procedure with a platelet count less than 50 x 10^9/L were administered lusutrombopag orally. Higher percentages (65-78%) of the patients receiving lusutrombopag required no platelet transfusion prior to the primary invasive procedure compared to those receiving placebo. Lusutrombopag is currently in phase III development in various European countries including Austria, Belgium, Germany, and the UK."]], ["N-tert-butyl-2-hydroxy-3-[(2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-5-yl)oxy]propan-1-aminium chloride", "CC(C)(C)[NH2+]CC(COC1=CC=CC2=C1CCC(=O)N2)O.[Cl-]", ["Carteolol hydrochloride is a hydrochloride. It has a role as an antiglaucoma drug, an antihypertensive agent, an anti-arrhythmia drug and a beta-adrenergic antagonist. It contains a carteolol(1+)."]], ["Ultiva", "CCC(=O)N(C1=CC=CC=C1)C2(CC[NH+](CC2)CCC(=O)OC)C(=O)OC.[Cl-]", ["Remifentanil hydrochloride is the monohydrochloride salt of remifentanil. It has a role as a mu-opioid receptor agonist, an opioid analgesic, an intravenous anaesthetic and a sedative. It contains a remifentanil.", "A piperidine-propionate derivative and opioid analgesic structurally related to FENTANYL. It functions as a short-acting MU OPIOID RECEPTOR agonist, and is used as an analgesic during induction or maintenance of general anesthesia, following surgery, during childbirth, and in mechanically ventilated patients under intensive care."]], ["Arixtra", "CO[C@@H]1[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O1)COS(=O)(=O)[O-])O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](O2)C(=O)O)O[C@@H]3[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O3)COS(=O)(=O)[O-])O[C@H]4[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O4)C(=O)O)O[C@@H]5[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O5)COS(=O)(=O)[O-])O)O)NS(=O)(=O)[O-])O)O)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])NS(=O)(=O)[O-])O)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])O)NS(=O)(=O)[O-].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+]", ["Fondaparinux sodium is an organic sodium salt, being the decasodium salt of fondaparinux. It contains a fondaparinux(10-).", "Synthetic pentasaccharide that mediates the interaction of HEPARIN with ANTITHROMBINS and inhibits FACTOR Xa; it is used for prevention of VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM after surgery."]], ["Lidocaton", "CC[NH+](CC)CC(=O)NC1=C(C=CC=C1C)C.[Cl-]", ["Lidocaine hydrochloride is the anhydrous form of the hydrochloride salt of lidocaine. It has a role as a local anaesthetic and an anti-arrhythmia drug. It contains a lidocaine.", "See also: Lidocaine Hydrochloride (preferred)."]], ["Disipal", "CC1=CC=CC=C1C(C2=CC=CC=C2)OCC[NH+](C)C.[Cl-]", ["Orphenadrine hydrochloride is a hydrochloride comprising equimolar amounts of ophenadrine and hydrogen chloride. It has a role as a NMDA receptor antagonist, a H1-receptor antagonist, an antiparkinson drug, a parasympatholytic, a muscle relaxant and a muscarinic antagonist. It contains an orphenadrine.", "A muscarinic antagonist used to treat drug-induced parkinsonism and to relieve pain from muscle spasm."]], ["(S)-(+)-ketamine hydrochloride", "C[NH2+][C@@]1(CCCCC1=O)C2=CC=CC=C2Cl.[Cl-]", ["Esketamine hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt of esketamine. It has a role as an intravenous anaesthetic, a NMDA receptor antagonist and an analgesic. It contains an esketamine."]], ["2-Propanesulfonamide, N-((3S,4S)-4-(4-(5-cyano-2-thienyl)phenoxy)tetrahydro-3-furanyl)-", "CC(C)S(=O)(=O)N[C@H]1COC[C@H]1OC2=CC=C(C=C2)C3=CC=C(S3)C#N", ["PF-04958242 has been used in trials studying the basic science and treatment of Schizophrenia and Hearing Loss, Sensorineural."]], ["Pracinostat", "CCCCC1=NC2=C(N1CCN(CC)CC)C=CC(=C2)/C=C/C(=O)NO", ["Pracinostat is a hydroxamic acid that is N-hydroxyacrylamide which is substituted at position 3 by a 2-butyl-1-[2-(diethylamino)ethyl]-1H-benzimidazol-5-yl group (the E isomer). An orally available pan-histone deacetylase inhibitor with demonstrated activity in the treatment of advanced solid tumours. It has a role as an EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor, an antineoplastic agent, an apoptosis inducer and an antimalarial. It is an olefinic compound, a hydroxamic acid, a benzimidazole and a tertiary amino compound.", "Pracinostat is a novel HDAC inhibitor with improved in vivo properties compared to other HDAC inhibitors currently in clinical trials, allowing oral dosing. Data demonstrate that Pracinostat is a potent and effective anti-tumor drug with potential as an oral therapy for a variety of human hematological and solid tumors.", "Pracinostat is an orally available, small-molecule histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor with potential antineoplastic activity. Pracinostat inhibits HDACs, which may result in the accumulation of highly acetylated histones, followed by the induction of chromatin remodeling; the selective transcription of tumor suppressor genes; the tumor suppressor protein-mediated inhibition of tumor cell division; and, finally, the induction of tumor cell apoptosis. This agent may possess improved metabolic, pharmacokinetic and pharmacological properties compared to other HDAC inhibitors."]], ["2-Amino-1-[2-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-[(4-fluorophenyl)amino]-5,6-dihydro-8,8-dimethylimidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-7(8H)-yl]ethanone", "CC1(C2=NC(=C(N2CCN1C(=O)CN)NC3=CC=C(C=C3)F)C4=CC=C(C=C4)F)C", ["Ganaplacide is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03167242 (Efficacy and Safety of KAF156 in Combination With LUM-SDF in Adults and Children With Uncomplicated Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria)."]], ["Hdac inhibitor CHR-3996", "C1[C@@H]2[C@@H](C2NCC3=NC4=C(C=C3)C=C(C=C4)F)CN1C5=NC=C(C=N5)C(=O)NO", ["Nanatinostat is under investigation in clinical trial NCT00697879 (Safety Study of the Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor, CHR-3996, in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumours).", "Nanatinostat is an orally bioavailable, second-generation hydroxamic acid-based inhibitor of histone deacetylase (HDAC), with potential antineoplastic activity. Nanatinostat targets and inhibits HDAC, resulting in an accumulation of highly acetylated histones, the induction of chromatin remodeling, and the selective transcription of tumor suppressor genes; these events result in the inhibition of tumor cell division and the induction of tumor cell apoptosis. This agent may upregulate HSP70 and downregulate anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins more substantially than some first-generation HDAC inhibitors. HDACs, upregulated in many tumor cell types, are a family of metalloenzymes responsible for the deacetylation of chromatin histone proteins."]], ["(6R,7R)-3-[[3-amino-4-(2-aminoethylcarbamoylamino)-2-methylpyrazol-1-ium-1-yl]methyl]-7-[[(2Z)-2-(5-amino-1,2,4-thiadiazol-3-yl)-2-(2-carboxypropan-2-yloxyimino)acetyl]amino]-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid", "CC(C)(C(=O)O)O/N=C(/C1=NSC(=N1)N)\\C(=O)N[C@H]2[C@@H]3N(C2=O)C(=C(CS3)C[N+]4=CC(=C(N4C)N)NC(=O)NCCN)C(=O)O", ["Ceftolozane is a semi-synthetic, broad-spectrum, fifth-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with bactericidal activity against certain Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Upon administration, ceftolozane binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall. This interferes with the final transpeptidation step required to form peptidoglycan chain cross-links, which are a key component of and provide strength and rigidity to the bacterial cell wall. This inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis and reduces cell wall stability, which weakens the bacterial cell wall and causes bacterial cell lysis."]], ["[(1S,2R,3R,11S,12S,14S,26R)-5,6',12-trihydroxy-6,7'-dimethoxy-7,21,30-trimethyl-27-oxospiro[17,19,28-trioxa-24-thia-13,30-diazaheptacyclo[12.9.6.13,11.02,13.04,9.015,23.016,20]triaconta-4(9),5,7,15,20,22-hexaene-26,1'-3,4-dihydro-2H-isoquinoline]-22-yl] acetate", "CC1=CC2=C([C@@H]3[C@@H]4[C@@H]5C6=C(C(=C7C(=C6[C@H](N4[C@H]([C@H](C2)N3C)O)COC(=O)[C@@]8(CS5)C9=CC(=C(C=C9CCN8)O)OC)OCO7)C)OC(=O)C)C(=C1OC)O", ["[(1S,2R,3R,11S,12S,14S,26R)-5,6',12-trihydroxy-6,7'-dimethoxy-7,21,30-trimethyl-27-oxospiro[17,19,28-trioxa-24-thia-13,30-diazaheptacyclo[12.9.6.13,11.02,13.04,9.015,23.016,20]triaconta-4(9),5,7,15,20,22-hexaene-26,1'-3,4-dihydro-2H-isoquinoline]-22-yl] acetate is a natural product found in Ecteinascidia turbinata with data available.", "A complex structure that includes isoquinolines joined by a cyclic ester; it is a DNA-binding agent and guanine N2 alkylator derived from the marine tunicate, Ecteinascidia turbinata. Trabectedin is used for the treatment of advanced soft-tissue SARCOMA, after failure of ANTHRACYCLINES or IFOSFAMIDE drug therapy."]], ["N-[4-({3-[(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)amino]quinoxalin-2-yl}sulfamoyl)phenyl]-3-methoxy-4-methylbenzamide", "CC1=C(C=C(C=C1)C(=O)NC2=CC=C(C=C2)S(=O)(=O)NC3=NC4=CC=CC=C4N=C3NC5=CC(=CC(=C5)OC)OC)OC", ["XL765 is a sulfonamide obtained by formal condensation of the sulfonic acid group of 4-[(3-methoxy-4-methylbenzoyl)amino]benzenesulfonic acid with the primary aromatic amino group of N-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)quinoxaline-2,3-diamine. A dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor used in cancer treatment. It has a role as an EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor, an antineoplastic agent and a mTOR inhibitor. It is a sulfonamide, a quinoxaline derivative, an aromatic amine, a member of benzamides and an aromatic ether.", "XL765 is an orally available small molecule that has been shown in preclinical studies to selectively inhibit the activity of phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). It is being developed by Exelixis, Inc."]], ["RO4929097", "CC(C)(C(=O)NCC(C(F)(F)F)(F)F)C(=O)N[C@H]1C2=CC=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3NC1=O", ["RO4929097 is a member of the class of dibenzoazepines that is the amide formed from formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2,2-dimethyl-3-oxo-3-[(2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropyl)amino]propanoic acid with the amino group of (7S)-7-amino-5,7-dihydrodibenzo[b,d]azepin-6-one. It has a role as an EC 3.4.23.46 (memapsin 2) inhibitor. It is a dibenzoazepine, a lactam, an organofluorine compound and a dicarboxylic acid diamide.", "Ro4929097 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Sarcoma, LYMPHOMA, Neoplasms, Wilm's Tumor, and OSTEOSARCOMA, among others.", "Gamma-Secretase Inhibitor RO4929097 is an orally bioavailable, small-molecule gamma secretase (GS) inhibitor with potential antitumor activity. Gamma secretase inhibitor RO4929097 binds to GS and blocks activation of Notch receptors, which may inhibit tumor cell proliferation. The integral membrane protein GS is a multi-subunit protease complex that cleaves single-pass transmembrane proteins, such as Notch receptors, at residues within their transmembrane domains. Overexpression of the Notch signaling pathway has been correlated with increased tumor cell growth."]], ["CID 49867944", "CC(C)(C)/[N+](=C/C1=C(C=C(C=C1)S(=O)(=O)[O-])S(=O)(=O)[O-])/[O-].[Na+].[Na+]", ["Disufenton Sodium is a disulfonyl derivative of phenyl-tert-butyl nitrone (PBN), with potential anti-glioma activity. Although the exact mechanism(s) of action of OKN007 are still largely unknown, this agent appears to inhibit cancer cell proliferation and migration. This agent appears to inhibit the activity of sulfatase 2 (SULF2), a highly specific endoglucosamine-6-sulfatase that is overexpressed in the extracellular matrix of cancer cells and catalyzes the removal of sulfate from the 6-O-sulfate esters of heparin. In addition, OKN007 may induce changes in tumor metabolism and scavenge free radicals."]], ["Piperidine, 1-((4,6-dimethyl-5-pyrimidinyl)carbonyl)-4-((3S)-4-((1R,2R)-2-ethoxy-2,3-dihydro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-inden-1-yl)-3-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-4-methyl-", "CCO[C@@H]1CC2=C([C@H]1N3CCN(C[C@@H]3C)C4(CCN(CC4)C(=O)C5=C(N=CN=C5C)C)C)C=CC(=C2)C(F)(F)F", ["INCB-9471 is a novel, orally available CCR5 antagonist that is part of a new class of drugs to treat HIV/AIDS. It is a potent, selective inhibitor of the HIV-1 virus."]], ["1-(2-Chloro-4-pyridinyl)-3-(4-methyl-3-pyridinyl)-2-imidazolidinone", "CC1=C(C=NC=C1)N2CCN(C2=O)C3=CC(=NC=C3)Cl", ["CYP17/CYP11B2 Inhibitor LAE001 is an orally bioavailable, non-steroidal, potent, reversible, dual inhibitor of cytochrome P450 17 (CYP17 or CYP17A1) and CYP11B2, with potential antiandrogen and antineoplastic activities. Upon oral administration, LAE001 inhibits the enzymatic activity of CYP17A1 in both the testes and adrenal glands, thereby inhibiting androgen production. This may decrease androgen-dependent growth signaling and may inhibit cell proliferation of androgen-dependent tumor cells. LAE001 also inhibits the enzymatic activity of CYP11B2, thereby inhibiting aldosterone production. This may reduce the elevated aldosterone levels resulting from CYP17 inhibition and androgen deprivation, leading to a reduction in mineralocorticoid side effects including cardiovascular complications. The cytochrome P450 enzyme CYP17A1, localized to the endoplasmic reticulum, exhibits both 17alpha-hydroxylase and 17,20-lyase activities, and plays a key role in the steroidogenic pathway that produces steroidal hormones. The cytochrome P450 enzyme CYP11B2, aldosterone synthase, is an enzyme that plays a key role in aldosterone biosynthesis."]], ["Enarodustat", "C1=CC=C(C=C1)CCC2=CC(=O)C(=C3N2NC=N3)C(=O)NCC(=O)O", ["Enarodustat is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02581124 (Study to Evaluate Effect of Lapatinib on Pharmacokinetics of JTZ-951 in Subjects With End-stage Renal Disease)."]], ["Sepetaprost", "CC(C)OC(=O)CCC[C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H](C[C@H]([C@@H]2/C=C/[C@H](COC3=C(C=CC(=C3)F)F)O)O)OC1", ["Sepetaprost has been used in trials studying the treatment of Open Angle-glaucoma, Ocular Hypertension, and Mild Open Angle-glaucoma (OAG)."]], ["Bms-911543", "CCN1C(=CC2=C3C(=C(N=C21)NC4=NN(C(=C4)C)C)N=CN3C)C(=O)N(C5CC5)C6CC6", ["BMS-911543 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Cancer.", "JAK2 Inhibitor BMS-911543 is an orally available small molecule targeting a subset of Janus-associated kinase (JAK) with potential antineoplastic activity. JAK2 inhibitor BMS-911543 selectively inhibits JAK2, thereby preventing the JAK/STAT (signal transducer and activator of transcription) signaling cascade, including activation of STAT3. This may lead to an induction of tumor cell apoptosis and a decrease in cellular proliferation. JAK2, often upregulated or mutated in a variety of cancer cells, mediates STAT3 activation and plays a key role in tumor cell proliferation and survival."]], ["Myocet", "C[C@H]1[C@H]([C@H](C[C@@H](O1)O[C@H]2C[C@@](CC3=C2C(=C4C(=C3O)C(=O)C5=C(C4=O)C(=CC=C5)OC)O)(C(=O)CO)O)N)O.C(C(=O)O)C(CC(=O)O)(C(=O)O)O", ["Liposome-Encapsulated Doxorubicin Citrate is a formulation of the citrate salt of the antineoplastic anthracycline antibiotic doxorubicin, encapsulated within liposomes, with antitumor activity. Doxorubicin intercalates into DNA and interacts with topoisomerase II, thereby inhibiting DNA replication and RNA synthesis. This agent also interacts with cell membrane lipids causing lipid peroxidation. Liposomal delivery of doxorubicin improves drug penetration into tumors and decreases drug clearance, thereby increasing the duration of therapeutic drug effects while lowering the toxicity profile.", "Antineoplastic antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces peucetius. It is a hydroxy derivative of DAUNORUBICIN."]], ["cobalt(2+);[(2R,3S,4R,5S)-5-(5,6-dimethylbenzimidazol-1-yl)-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl] [(2S)-1-[3-[(2R,3R,4Z,7S,9Z,12S,13S,14Z,17S,18S,19R)-2,13,18-tris(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-7,12,17-tris(3-amino-3-oxopropyl)-3,5,8,8,13,15,18,19-octamethyl-2,7,12,17-tetrahydro-1H-corrin-21-id-3-yl]propanoylamino]propan-2-yl] phosphate;hydrate", "CC1=CC2=C(C=C1C)N(C=N2)[C@@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O3)CO)OP(=O)([O-])O[C@@H](C)CNC(=O)CC[C@@]\\4([C@H](C5[C@]6([C@@]([C@@H](C(=N6)/C(=C\\7/[C@@]([C@@H](C(=N7)/C=C\\8/C([C@@H](C(=N8)/C(=C4\\[N-]5)/C)CCC(=O)N)(C)C)CCC(=O)N)(C)CC(=O)N)/C)CCC(=O)N)(C)CC(=O)N)C)CC(=O)N)C)O.O.[Co+2]", ["Hydroxocobalamin is a synthetic form of vitamin B12 that can be used as a dietary supplement to treat vitamin B12 deficiency. Upon administration, hydroxocobalamin mimics vitamin B12 and acts as an essential cofactor in various cellular reactions required for cell growth and replication, and hematopoiesis.", "Injectable form of VITAMIN B 12 that has been used therapeutically to treat VITAMIN B 12 DEFICIENCY."]], ["Metarrestin", "C1CC(CCC1N2C=NC3=C(C2=N)C(=C(N3CC4=CC=CC=C4)C5=CC=CC=C5)C6=CC=CC=C6)O", ["Metarrestin is an orally available small molecule inhibitor of perinucleolar compartment (PNC), with potential antineoplastic activities. Although the exact mechanisms(s) through which this agent exerts its effects have yet to be fully elucidated, upon oral administration, metarrestin disrupts the structure of PNC and inhibits RNA polymerase (Pol) I transcription. This leads to the reduction in the prevalence of PNC in cancer cells and decrease in tumor growth and spread. PNC is a subnuclear structure and a phenotypic marker of metastatic cancer cells. A high PNC prevalence has been associated with disease progression and poor patient outcomes."]], ["aclacinomycin A(1+)", "CC[C@]1(C[C@@H](C2=C(C3=C(C=C2[C@H]1C(=O)OC)C(=O)C4=C(C3=O)C(=CC=C4)O)O)O[C@H]5C[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](O5)C)O[C@H]6C[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](O6)C)O[C@H]7CCC(=O)[C@@H](O7)C)O)[NH+](C)C)O", ["Aclacinomycin A(1+) is an anthracycline cation that is the conjugate acid of aclacinomycin A, obtained by protonation of the tertiary amino group. It is a conjugate acid of an aclacinomycin A and an aclacinomycin A zwitterion."]], ["Dapaconazole", "C1=CC(=CC=C1COC(CN2C=CN=C2)C3=C(C=C(C=C3)Cl)Cl)C(F)(F)F", ["Dapaconazole has been used in trials studying the treatment of Tinea Pedis."]], ["Taselisib", "CC1=NN(C(=N1)C2=CN3CCOC4=C(C3=N2)C=CC(=C4)C5=CN(N=C5)C(C)(C)C(=O)N)C(C)C", ["Taselisib has been used in trials studying the treatment and basic science of LYMPHOMA, Breast Cancer, Ovarian Cancer, Solid Neoplasm, and HER2/Neu Negative, among others.", "Taselisib is an orally bioavailable inhibitor of the class I phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) alpha isoform (PIK3CA), with potential antineoplastic activity. Taselisib selectively inhibits PIK3CA and its mutant forms in the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, which may result in tumor cell apoptosis and growth inhibition in PIK3CA-expressing tumor cells. By specifically targeting class I PI3K alpha, this agent may be more efficacious and less toxic than pan PI3K inhibitors. Dysregulation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway is frequently found in solid tumors and causes increased tumor cell growth, survival, and resistance to both chemotherapy and radiotherapy. PIK3CA, which encodes the p110-alpha catalytic subunit of the class I PI3K, is mutated in a variety of cancer cell types and plays a key role in cancer cell growth and invasion."]], ["Carbamic acid, (5-(2-deoxy-beta-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-4-oxo-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-, heptyl ester", "CCCCCCCOC(=O)NC1=NCN(C(=O)N1)[C@H]2C[C@@H]([C@H](O2)CO)O", ["KP-1461 is a potent, non-chain-terminating, mutagenic deoxyribonucleoside analogue. Designated a DNA covert nucleoside, the drug consists of a modified base that incorporates randomly into HIV and pairs with multiple bases."]], ["3-Pyridinesulfonamide, 5-(5-phenyl-4-((2-pyridinylmethyl)amino)-2-quinazolinyl)-", "C1=CC=C(C=C1)C2=C3C(=CC=C2)N=C(N=C3NCC4=CC=CC=N4)C5=CC(=CN=C5)S(=O)(=O)N", ["BMS-919373 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02153437 (Study of the Effects of BMS-919373 on the Electrical Activity of the Heart Using Pacemakers)."]], ["Furaprevir", "CC(C)OC1=CC=C(C=C1)C2=NC3=C(C(=N2)O[C@@H]4C[C@H]5C(=O)N[C@@]6(C[C@H]6/C=C\\CCCCC[C@@H](C(=O)N5C4)NC(=O)OC7CCCC7)C(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C8(CC8)C)OC9=CC=CC=C93", ["Furaprevir is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01523990 (A Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, and PK in Healthy Volunteers and HCV Genotype 1 Infected Patients)."]], ["4-methyl-N-[4-[(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-[2-(1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-5-yl)ethynyl]benzamide", "CC1=C(C=C(C=C1)C(=O)NC2=CC(=C(C=C2)CN3CCN(CC3)C)C(F)(F)F)C#CC4=CC5=C(NN=C5)N=C4", ["HQP1351 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03883100 (A Pivotal Study of HQP1351 in Patients of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia in Accelerated Phase With T315I Mutation).", "Olverembatinib is an orally bioavailable inhibitor of a variety of kinases, including the Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase, the mast/stem cell growth factor receptor Kit (c-Kit), the serine/threonine protein kinase Akt (protein kinase B), and the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) with antineoplastic activity. Upon administration,olverembatinib targets, binds to and inhibits the kinase activities of Bcr-Abl, AKT, c-Kit and ERK. This inhibits their mediated signaling pathways and inhibits proliferation of tumor cells in which these kinases are overexpressed and/or mutated. Bcr-Abl, c-Kit, AKT and ERK play key roles in the proliferation, differentiation and survival of tumor cells."]], ["Tarloxotinib", "CN1C=NC(=C1C[N+](C)(C)C/C=C/C(=O)NC2=NC=C3C(=C2)C(=NC=N3)NC4=CC(=C(C=C4)Cl)Br)[N+](=O)[O-]", ["Tarloxotinib is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03743350 (NSCLC Exon 20 or HER2-activating Mutations)."]], ["Pyrotinib", "CCOC1=C(C=C2C(=C1)N=CC(=C2NC3=CC(=C(C=C3)OCC4=CC=CC=N4)Cl)C#N)NC(=O)/C=C/[C@H]5CCCN5C", ["Pyrotinib is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03756064 (Neoadjuvant Study of Pyrotinib in Patients With HER2 Positive Breast Cancer).", "Pyrotinib is an orally bioavailable, dual kinase inhibitor of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR or HER-1) and the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (ErbB2 or HER-2), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, pyrotinib binds to and inhibits both EGFR and HER2, which may result in the inhibition of tumor growth and angiogenesis, and tumor regression in EGFR/HER2-expressing tumor cells. EGFR and HER2 are receptor tyrosine kinases that are upregulated in various tumor cell types and play major roles in tumor cell proliferation and tumor vascularization."]], ["Tucatinib", "CC1=C(C=CC(=C1)NC2=NC=NC3=C2C=C(C=C3)NC4=NC(CO4)(C)C)OC5=CC6=NC=NN6C=C5", ["Tucatinib is a kinase inhibitor drug used with [trastuzumab] and [capecitabine] in the treatment of unresectable or metastatic HER-2 positive breast cancer. It was developed by Seattle Genetics and approved by the FDA on April 17, 2020. Tucatinib is a promising new treatment for patients with metastatic breast cancer who have not responded adequately to other chemotherapy regimens.", "Tucatinib is a Kinase Inhibitor. The mechanism of action of tucatinib is as a Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor, and Cytochrome P450 3A Inhibitor, and P-Glycoprotein Inhibitor, and Cytochrome P450 2C8 Inhibitor.", "Tucatinib is an orally bioavailable inhibitor of the human epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase ErbB-2 (also called HER2) with potential antineoplastic activity. Tucatinib selectively binds to and inhibits the phosphorylation of ErbB-2, which may prevent the activation of ErbB-2 signal transduction pathways, resulting in growth inhibition and death of ErbB-2-expressing tumor cells. ErbB-2 is overexpressed in a variety of cancers and plays an important role in cellular proliferation and differentiation."]], ["BMS 813160-Bio-X", "CC(=O)N[C@@H]1C[C@@H](CC[C@@H]1N2CC[C@@H](C2=O)NC3=NC=NC4=CC(=NN43)C(C)(C)C)NC(C)(C)C", ["BMS-813160 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03496662 (BMS-813160 With Nivolumab and Gemcitabine and Nab-paclitaxel in Borderline Resectable and Locally Advanced Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC)).", "CCR2/CCR5 Antagonist BMS-813160 is an antagonist of both human C-C chemokine receptor types 2 (CCR2; CD192) and 5 (CCR5; CD195), with potential immunomodulating and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, CCR2/CCR5 antagonist BMS-813160 specifically binds and prevents the activation of both CCR2 and CCR5. This inhibits the activation of CCR2/CCR5-mediated signal transduction pathways and may inhibit inflammatory processes, angiogenesis, tumor cell migration, tumor cell proliferation and invasion. The G-protein coupled chemokine receptors CCR2 and CCR5 are expressed on the surface of monocytes and macrophages, and stimulate their migration and infiltration; they play key roles in inflammation and autoimmune disease. CCR2 and CCR5 are overexpressed in certain cancer cell types, and are also involved in angiogenesis, and in tumor cell migration, proliferation and metastasis."]], ["Deuterated s-lisofylline", "[2H]C([2H])([2H])[C@@H](C([2H])([2H])CCCN1C(=O)C2=C(N=CN2C)N(C1=O)C)O", ["PCS-499 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01487109 (A Phase 2 Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of CTP-499 in Type 2 Diabetic Nephropathy Patients)."]], ["Lad0ZG7ffo", "CC#C[C@@H](CC(=O)O)C1=CC=C(C=C1)OCC2=CC=C(C=C2)CN3CCC4(CC3)C=CC5=CC=CC=C45", ["LY-2881835 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01358981 (A Study of LY2881835 in Healthy People and People With Diabetes)."]], ["Polaprezinc", "C1=C(NC=N1)C[C@@H](C(=O)O)[N-]C(=O)CCN.[Zn]", ["Polaprezinc is a chelated form of zinc and L-carnosine. It is a zinc-related medicine approved for the first time in Japan, which has been clinically used to treat gastric ulcers.  It was determined that polaprezinc may be effective in pressure ulcer treatment. A study in 2013 showed that CO-administration of polaprezinc may be effective against small intestine mucosal injury associated with long-term aspirin therapy.", "Polaprezinc is an orally bioavailable chelate composed of zinc and L-carnosine, with potential gastroprotective, anti-oxidant, anti-ulcer and anti-inflammatory activities. Upon administration, polaprezinc increases the expression of various anti-oxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD-1), SOD-2, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px), peroxidredoxin-1 (PRDX1; PRXI) and PRXD5 (PRXV) in the gastric mucosa, which protect cells against reactive oxygen species (ROS). In addition, this agent inhibits the activity of the transcription factor nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and reduces the expression of several pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL) 1beta, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a). Polaprezinc also increases the expression of various growth factors, such as platelet-derived growth factor-B (PDGF-B), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and nerve growth factor (NGF), and various heat shock proteins (HSPs), including HSP90, HSP70, HSP60, HSP47, HSP27, and HSP10. This protects against damages to, and accelerates healing of the gastric mucosa."]], ["N-(2-((1S,4R)-6-((4-(Cyclobutylamino)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-2-yl)amino)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1,4-epiminonaphthalen-9-yl)-2-oxoethyl)acetamide", "CC(=O)NCC(=O)N1[C@H]2CC[C@@H]1C3=C2C=CC(=C3)NC4=NC=C(C(=N4)NC5CCC5)C(F)(F)F", ["PF-03814735 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Solid Tumors.", "Aurora Kinase Inhibitor PF-03814735 is an aurora kinase inhibitor with potential antineoplastic activity. PF-03814735 binds to and inhibits aurora kinases, serine-threonine kinases that play essential roles in mitotic checkpoint control during mitosis. Inhibition of aurora kinases may result in an inhibition of cellular division and proliferation in tumor cells that overexpress aurora kinases."]], ["Dotinurad", "C1N(C2=CC=CC=C2S1(=O)=O)C(=O)C3=CC(=C(C(=C3)Cl)O)Cl", ["Dotinurad is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03372200 (Febuxostat-controlled, Double-blind, Comparative Study of FYU-981 in Hyperuricemia With or Without Gout)."]], ["Delparantag", "COC1=C(C=C(C=C1)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)NC2=CC(=C(C=C2)OC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)NC3=CC(=C(C=C3)OC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)NC4=CC(=C(C=C4)OC)C(=O)N", ["Delparantag is an amidobenzoic acid.", "Delparantag has been used in trials studying the treatment of Angioplasty, Coronary Artery Disease (CAD), and Percutaneous Coronary Intervention."]], ["Verubecestat", "C[C@]1(CS(=O)(=O)N(C(=N1)N)C)C2=C(C=CC(=C2)NC(=O)C3=NC=C(C=C3)F)F", ["Verubecestat is under investigation for the treatment of Alzheimer's Disease, Prodromal Alzheimer's disease, and Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment.   Verubecestat is Merck\u2019s investigational oral \u03b2-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme (BACE1 or \u03b2 secretase) inhibitor. In July 2013, Merck announced positive results for Phase Ib trials of Verubecestat. In the study, administration of Verubecestat at doses of 12, 40 and 60 mg resulted in a dose-dependent and sustained reduction in the levels of Ab40, a measure of BACE1 activity, in CSF from baseline of 57, 79 and 84 percent, respectively."]], ["Imidazo(1,2-b)pyridazine, 3-(6-(2-methoxyethyl)-3-pyridinyl)-2-methyl-8-(4-morpholinyl)-", "CC1=C(N2C(=N1)C(=CC=N2)N3CCOCC3)C4=CN=C(C=C4)CCOC", ["Jnj 42396302 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01732237 (A Study to Investigate the Pharmacokinetics of JNJ-42396302, JNJ-53773187 and JNJ-42692507 in Healthy Male Participants)."]], ["Gski181771X", "CC(C)N(C1=CC=CC=C1)C(=O)CN2C3=CC=CC=C3N(C(=O)[C@H](C2=O)NC(=O)NC4=CC=CC(=C4)C(=O)O)C5=CC=CC=C5", ["Gski181771 X is under investigation in clinical trial NCT00600743 (Effect of a CCK-1R Agonist on Food Intake in Humans)."]], ["Sdccgsbi-0633744.P001", "C(C1[C@H](C([C@@H]([C@H](O1)[S-])O)O)O)O.[Au+]", ["A thioglucose derivative used as an antirheumatic and experimentally to produce obesity in animals."]], ["2,2-dimethylpropanoyloxymethyl (6R,7S)-7-[[(2E)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-methoxyiminoacetyl]amino]-3-[(Z)-2-(4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)ethenyl]-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate", "CC1=C(SC=N1)/C=C\\C2=C(N3[C@@H]([C@H](C3=O)NC(=O)/C(=N/OC)/C4=CSC(=N4)N)SC2)C(=O)OCOC(=O)C(C)(C)C", ["Cefditoren Pivoxil is a semi-synthetic, broad-spectrum, beta-lactamase resistant, third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with bactericidal activity. Cefditoren pivoxil is a prodrug that is rapidly hydrolyzed by intestinal esterases during absorption to the microbiologically active cefditoren, an active aminothiazolyl cephalosporin. Cefditoren inactivates penicillin binding proteins (PBPs) thereby interfering with peptidoglycan synthesis and inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis. Another consequence of beta-lactam exposure results in the loss of lipoteichoic acids from the cell wall. Lipoteichoic acids inhibit murein hydrolase activity and their absence from the cell wall triggers uncontrolled autolytic activity rendering bacterial cells susceptible to osmotic shock. This results in a reduction of cell wall stability and causes cell lysis."]], ["Padsevonil", "COCC1=NN2C(=C(N=C2S1)C(F)(F)F)CN3C[C@H](CC3=O)CC(F)(F)Cl", ["Padsevonil is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03695094 (A Study in Participants With Epilepsy, to Evaluate the Pharmacokinetics, Safety and Tolerability of Oxcarbazepine on Padsevonil)."]], ["Licogliflozin", "CCC1=C(C=C(C=C1)[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O2)CO)O)O)O)CC3=CC4=C(C=C3)OCCO4", ["Licogliflozin is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03320941 (A Dose-finding Study to Evaluate the Change in Weight After Treatment With LIK066 in Japanese Patients With Obesity).", "Licogliflozin is an inhibitor of the sodium-dependent glucose co-transporter (sodium-glucose transporter; sodium-glucose transport protein; sodium-glucose linked transporter; SGLT) family members 1 and 2 (SGLT1/2) with antihyperglycemic activity. By binding to and blocking SGLT1/2, licogliflozin suppresses the reabsorption of glucose in the proximal tubule within the kidneys and enhances urinary excretion of glucose. This normalizes blood glucose levels. SGLT1/2, parts of a transport system expressed in the proximal renal tubules, mediate the majority of renal glucose reabsorption from tubular fluid."]], ["(R)-8-(1-((3,5-difluorophenyl)amino)ethyl)-N,N-dimethyl-2-morpholino-4-oxo-4H-chromene-6-carboxamide", "C[C@H](C1=CC(=CC2=C1OC(=CC2=O)N3CCOCC3)C(=O)N(C)C)NC4=CC(=CC(=C4)F)F", ["AZD-8186 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03218826 (PI3Kbeta Inhibitor AZD8186 and Docetaxel in Treating Patients Advanced Solid Tumors With PTEN or PIK3CB Mutations That Are Metastatic or Cannot Be Removed by Surgery).", "PI3Kbeta Inhibitor AZD8186 is an inhibitor of the beta isoform of phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, PI3Kbeta inhibitor AZD8186 selectively inhibits the activity of PI3Kbeta in the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, which may result in a decrease of tumor cell proliferation and induces cell death in PI3K-expressing cancer cells. By specifically targeting class I PI3K beta, this agent may be more efficacious and less toxic than pan PI3K inhibitors. PI3K-mediated signaling is often dysregulated in cancer cells and contributes to increased tumor cell growth, survival, and tumor resistance to a variety of antineoplastic agents."]], ["(2-(4-((2-Chloro-4,4-difluoro-spiro(5H-thieno(2,3-C)pyran-7,4'-piperidine)-1'-yl)methyl)-3-methyl-pyrazol-1-yl)-3-pyridyl)methanol", "CC1=NN(C=C1CN2CCC3(CC2)C4=C(C=C(S4)Cl)C(CO3)(F)F)C5=C(C=CC=N5)CO", ["BTRX-246040 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03193398 (BTRX-246040 Administered Once Daily to Patients With Major Depressive Disorder)."]], ["Eliglustat tartrate", "CCCCCCCC(=O)N[C@H](CN1CCCC1)[C@@H](C2=CC3=C(C=C2)OCCO3)O.CCCCCCCC(=O)N[C@H](CN1CCCC1)[C@@H](C2=CC3=C(C=C2)OCCO3)O.[C@@H]([C@H](C(=O)O)O)(C(=O)O)O", ["Eliglustat tartrate is a tartrate that is the hemitartrate salt of eliglustat. A ceramide glucosyltransferase inhibitor used (as its tartrate salt) for treatment of Gaucher's disease. It has a role as an EC 2.4.1.80 (ceramide glucosyltransferase) inhibitor. It contains an eliglustat(1+).", "Agalsidase beta is a recombinant human \u03b1-galactosidase A similar to [agalsidase alfa]. While patients generally do not experience a clinically significant difference in outcomes between the two drugs, some patients may experience greater benefit with agalsidase beta. Use of agalsidase beta has decreased in Europe, in favor of agalsidase alfa, after a contamination event in 2009.  Agalsidase beta was granted FDA approval on 24 April 2003."]], ["Pimasertib hydrochloride", "C1=CC(=C(C=C1I)F)NC2=C(C=CN=C2)C(=O)NC[C@@H](CO)O.Cl", ["Pimasertib Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of pimasertib, an orally bioavailable small-molecule inhibitor of mitogen activated protein kinase kinases 1 (MEK1) and 2 (MEK2), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, pimasertib selectively binds to and inhibits the activity of MEK1 and 2, thereby preventing the activation of MEK1/2-dependent effector proteins and transcription factors. This results in the inhibition of growth factor-mediated cell signaling and tumor cell proliferation. MEK1/2 (MAP2K1/K2) are dual-specificity threonine/tyrosine kinases that play key roles in the activation of the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK pathway and are often upregulated in a variety of tumor cell types."]], ["Prima-1met", "COCC1(C(=O)C2CCN1CC2)CO", ["Eprenetapopt has been used in trials studying the treatment of Prostatic Neoplasms, Hematologic Neoplasms, and Platinum Sensitive Recurrent High-grade Serous Ovarian Cancer With Mutated p53.", "Eprenetapopt is a methylated derivative and structural analog of PRIMA-1 (p53 re-activation and induction of massive apoptosis), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, eprenetapopt covalently modifies the core domain of mutated forms of cellular tumor antigen p53 (p53) through the alkylation of thiol groups. These modifications restore both the wild-type conformation and function to mutant p53, which reconstitutes endogenous p53 activity, leading to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in tumor cells. This agent may work synergistically with other antineoplastic agents. p53, a tumor suppressor and transcription factor normally activated upon DNA damage, is frequently mutated and overexpressed in cancer cells; it plays a key role in both DNA repair and the induction of apoptosis."]], ["Ravidasvir", "CC(C)[C@@H](C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C2=NC3=C(N2)C=C(C=C3)C4=CC5=C(C=C4)C=C(C=C5)C6=CN=C(N6)[C@@H]7CCCN7C(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)OC)NC(=O)OC", ["Ravidasvir is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02961426 (Sofosbuvir Plus Ravidasvir for the Treatment of HCV Chronic Infection)."]], ["4-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 2,6-bis(1-oxopropoxy)-, 5-chloro-2-((3-((3-(ethoxymethyl)-5-fluoro-3,6-dihydro-2,6-dioxo-1(2H)-pyrimidinyl)carbonyl)benzoyl)oxy)-4-pyridinyl ester", "CCC(=O)OC1=CC(=CC(=N1)OC(=O)CC)C(=O)OC2=CC(=NC=C2Cl)OC(=O)C3=CC=CC(=C3)C(=O)N4C(=O)C(=CN(C4=O)COCC)F", ["Thymidylate Synthase Inhibitor DFP-11207 is an orally available thymidylate synthase (TS) inhibitor with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, DFP-11207 binds to and inhibits TS. This reduces thymine nucleotide synthesis, inhibits DNA synthesis and cell division, causes DNA damage and leads to tumor cell apoptosis. TS catalyzes the conversion of deoxyuridine monophosphate (dUMP) to deoxythymidine monophosphate (dTMP)."]], ["Sulfatinib", "CC1=CC2=C(N1)C=CC(=C2)OC3=NC(=NC=C3)NC4=CC=CC(=C4)CS(=O)(=O)NCCN(C)C", ["Surufatinib is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02588170 (Phase III Study of Surufatinib in Treating Advanced Extrapancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors).", "Sulfatinib is an orally bioavailable, small molecule inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFR) 1, 2, and 3, and the fibroblast growth factor receptor type 1 (FGFR1), with potential antineoplastic and anti-angiogenic activities. Upon oral administration, sulfatinib binds to and inhibits VEGFRs and FGFR1 thereby inhibiting VEGFR- and FGFR1-mediated signal transduction pathways. This leads to a reduction of angiogenesis and tumor cell proliferation in VEGFR/FGFR1-overexpressing tumor cells. Expression of VEGFRs and FGFR1 may be upregulated in a variety of tumor cell types."]], ["Stearoylcarnitine", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](CC(=O)[O-])C[N+](C)(C)C", ["O-octadecanoyl-L-carnitine is an O-acyl-L-carnitine in which the acyl group is specified as stearoyl (octadecanoyl). It has a role as a human metabolite. It is functionally related to an octadecanoic acid."]], ["1-tetradecanoyl-2-(11Z-eicosenoyl)-glycero-3-phosphocholine", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCC", ["PC(14:0/20:1(11Z)) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.", "1-tetradecanoyl-2-(11Z-eicosenoyl)-glycero-3-phosphocholine is a natural product found in Euglena gracilis with data available.", "PC(14:0/20:1(11Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["1-tetradecanoyl-2-(11Z,14Z-eicosadienoyl)-glycero-3-phosphocholine", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCC", ["PC(14:0/20:2(11Z,14Z)) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.", "PC(14:0/20:2(11Z,14Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(14:0/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z))", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCC", ["PC(14:0/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.", "PC(14:0/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)) is a natural product found in Lysiphlebia japonica and Aphis gossypii with data available.", "PC(14:0/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["1-(9Z-tetradecenoyl)-2-tetradecanoyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["PC(14:1(9Z)/14:0) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.", "PC(14:1(9Z)/14:0) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["1-(9Z-tetradecenoyl)-2-(9Z-hexadecenoyl)-glycero-3-phosphocholine", "CCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["PC(14:1(9Z)/16:1(9Z)) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.", "1-(9Z-tetradecenoyl)-2-(9Z-hexadecenoyl)-glycero-3-phosphocholine is a natural product found in Trypanosoma brucei and Bos taurus with data available.", "PC(14:1(9Z)/16:1(9Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["1-(9Z-tetradecenoyl)-2-octadecanoyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["PC(14:1(9Z)/18:0) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.", "PC(14:1(9Z)/18:0) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["1-(9Z-tetradecenoyl)-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-glycero-3-phosphocholine", "CCCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["PC(14:1(9Z)/18:1(9Z)) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine."]], ["PC(14:1(9Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))", "CCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["PC(14:1(9Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z)) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine."]], ["1-(9Z-tetradecenoyl)-2-eicosanoyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["PC(14:1(9Z)/20:0) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.", "PC(14:1(9Z)/20:0) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["1-(9Z-tetradecenoyl)-2-(11Z-eicosenoyl)-glycero-3-phosphocholine", "CCCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["PC(14:1(9Z)/20:1(11Z)) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.", "PC(14:1(9Z)/20:1(11Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(14:1(9Z)/20:2(11Z,14Z))", "CCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["PC(14:1(9Z)/20:2(11Z,14Z)) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.", "PC(14:1(9Z)/20:2(11Z,14Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(14:1(9Z)/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z))", "CCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["PC(14:1(9Z)/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.", "PC(14:1(9Z)/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["1-(9Z-tetradecenoyl)-2-docosanoyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["PC(14:1(9Z)/22:0) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.", "PC(14:1(9Z)/22:0) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(14:1(9Z)/22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))", "CCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["PC(14:1(9Z)/22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.", "PC(14:1(9Z)/22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["1-palmitoyl-2-(11Z-eicosenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCC", ["1-palmitoyl-2-(11Z-eicosenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine in which the acyl groups specified at positions 1 and 2 are palmitoyl and (11Z)-eicosenoyl respectively. It has a role as a mouse metabolite. It is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine and a phosphatidylcholine 36:1. It is functionally related to a hexadecanoic acid and an (11Z)-icos-11-enoic acid.", "PC(16:0/20:1(11Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["1-Palmitoleoyl-2-myristoleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine", "CCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCC", ["1-[(9Z)-hexadecenoyl]-2-[(9Z)-tetradecenoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is a phosphatidylcholine 30:2 in which the acyl groups specified at positions 1 and 2 are (9Z)-hexadecenoyl and (9Z)-tetradecenoyl respectively. It is functionally related to a palmitoleic acid and a myristoleic acid.", "PC(16:1(9Z)/14:1(9Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["1-(9Z-hexadecenoyl)-2-hexadecanoyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["1-palmitoleoyl-2-palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is a phosphatidylcholine 16:0_16:1 in which the acyl groups specified at positions 1 and 2 are palmitoleoyl and palmitoyl respectively. It has a role as a human metabolite and a plant metabolite. It is functionally related to a palmitoleic acid and a hexadecanoic acid.", "PC(16:1(9Z)/16:0) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["1-Palmitoleoyl-2-stearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["1-palmitoleoyl-2-stearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine in which the acyl groups specified at positions 1 and 2 are palmitoleoyl and stearoyl respectively. It has a role as a mouse metabolite. It is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine and a phosphatidylcholine 34:1. It is functionally related to a palmitoleic acid and an octadecanoic acid.", "PC(16:1(9Z)/18:0) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(16:1(9Z)/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z))", "CCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCC", ["PC(16:1(9Z)/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.", "PC(16:1(9Z)/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(16:1(9Z)/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z))", "CCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CC", ["PC(16:1(9Z)/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.", "PC(16:1(9Z)/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["1-(9Z-hexadecenoyl)-2-eicosanoyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["PC(16:1(9Z)/20:0) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.", "PC(16:1(9Z)/20:0) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(16:1(9Z)/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))", "CCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CC", ["PC(16:1(9Z)/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.", "PC(16:1(9Z)/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(16:1(9Z)/22:2(13Z,16Z))", "CCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCC", ["1-(9Z)-hexadecenoyl-2-(13Z,16Z)-docosadienoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is a phosphatidylcholine in which the acyl groups at C-1 and C-2 are (9Z)-hexadecenoyl and (13Z,16Z)-docosadienoyl respectively.", "PC(16:1(9Z)/22:2(13Z,16Z)) is a natural product found in Lysiphlebia japonica and Aphis gossypii with data available.", "PC(16:1(9Z)/22:2(13Z,16Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["1-octadecanoyl-2-(9Z-tetradecenoyl)-glycero-3-phosphocholine", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCC", ["PC(18:0/14:1(9Z)) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.", "PC(18:0/14:1(9Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-2-(9Z-tetradecenoyl)-glycero-3-phosphocholine", "CCCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCC", ["PC(18:1(9Z)/14:1(9Z)) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine."]], ["PC(18:1(9Z)/18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z))", "CCCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CC", ["PC(18:1(9Z)/18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.", "PC(18:1(9Z)/18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(18:1(9Z)/20:2(11Z,14Z))", "CCCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCC", ["PC(18:1(9Z)/20:2(11Z,14Z)) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.", "PC(18:1(9Z)/20:2(11Z,14Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["1-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-2-tetradecanoyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["PC(18:2(9Z,12Z)/14:0) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine."]], ["PC(18:2(9Z,12Z)/14:1(9Z))", "CCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCC", ["PC(18:2(9Z,12Z)/14:1(9Z)) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine."]], ["PC(18:2(9Z,12Z)/16:1(9Z))", "CCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["PC(18:2(9Z,12Z)/16:1(9Z)) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine and a PC(18:2/16:1).", "PC(18:2(9Z,12Z)/16:1(9Z)) is a natural product found in Lysiphlebia japonica and Aphis gossypii with data available.", "PC(18:2(9Z,12Z)/16:1(9Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z))", "CCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCC", ["PC(18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.", "PC(18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z))", "CCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CC", ["PC(18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine and a 1-acyl-2-alpha-linolenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.", "PC(18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z))", "CCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CC", ["PC(18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.", "PC(18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(18:2(9Z,12Z)/20:1(11Z))", "CCCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["PC(18:2(9Z,12Z)/20:1(11Z)) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.", "PC(18:2(9Z,12Z)/20:1(11Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(18:2(9Z,12Z)/22:2(13Z,16Z))", "CCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["PC(18:2(9Z,12Z)/22:2(13Z,16Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(18:2(9Z,12Z)/22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))", "CCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCC", ["PC(18:2(9Z,12Z)/22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine."]], ["PC(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/14:0)", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](COC(=O)CCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["PC(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/14:0) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine."]], ["PC(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/16:0)", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](COC(=O)CCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["PC(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/16:0) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.", "PC(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/16:0) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/16:1(9Z))", "CCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](COC(=O)CCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["PC(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/16:1(9Z)) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.", "PC(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/16:1(9Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))", "CCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](COC(=O)CCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["PC(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z)) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.", "PC(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z))", "CCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCC", ["PC(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.", "PC(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z))", "CCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CC", ["PC(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.", "PC(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/20:0)", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](COC(=O)CCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["PC(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/20:0) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.", "PC(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/20:0) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z))", "CCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](COC(=O)CCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["PC(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.", "PC(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/14:0)", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["PC(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/14:0) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine."]], ["PC(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/16:0)", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["PC(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/16:0) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.", "PC(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/16:0) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/16:1(9Z))", "CCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["PC(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/16:1(9Z)) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.", "PC(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/16:1(9Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))", "CCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["PC(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z)) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine and a 1-alpha-linolenoyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.", "PC(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z)) is a natural product found in Lysiphlebia japonica and Aphis gossypii with data available.", "PC(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z))", "CCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCC(=O)O[C@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["PC(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.", "PC(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/20:0)", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["PC(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/20:0) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.", "PC(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/20:0) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z))", "CCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["PC(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.", "PC(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)/16:0)", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](COC(=O)CCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["PC(18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)/16:0) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.", "PC(18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)/16:0) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)/18:1(9Z))", "CCCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](COC(=O)CCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["PC(18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)/18:1(9Z)) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.", "PC(18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)/18:1(9Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))", "CCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](COC(=O)CCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["PC(18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z)) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.", "PC(18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)/20:2(11Z,14Z))", "CCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](COC(=O)CCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["PC(18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)/20:2(11Z,14Z)) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.", "PC(18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)/20:2(11Z,14Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)/22:0)", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](COC(=O)CCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["PC(18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)/22:0) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.", "PC(18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)/22:0) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["1-eicosanoyl-2-(9Z-tetradecenoyl)-glycero-3-phosphocholine", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCC", ["PC(20:0/14:1(9Z)) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.", "PC(20:0/14:1(9Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["1-eicosanoyl-2-(9Z-hexadecenoyl)-glycero-3-phosphocholine", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCC", ["PC(20:0/16:1(9Z)) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.", "PC(20:0/16:1(9Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(20:0/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z))", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCC", ["PC(20:0/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.", "PC(20:0/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(20:0/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z))", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CC", ["PC(20:0/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.", "PC(20:0/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(20:0/22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCC", ["PC(20:0/22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.", "PC(20:0/22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["1-(11Z-eicosenoyl)-2-tetradecanoyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["PC(20:1(11Z)/14:0) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.", "PC(20:1(11Z)/14:0) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["1-(11Z-eicosenoyl)-2-(9Z-tetradecenoyl)-glycero-3-phosphocholine", "CCCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCC", ["PC(20:1(11Z)/14:1(9Z)) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.", "PC(20:1(11Z)/14:1(9Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["1-(11Z-eicosenoyl)-2-hexadecanoyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["PC(20:1(11Z)/16:0) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.", "PC(20:1(11Z)/16:0) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(20:1(11Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))", "CCCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCC", ["PC(20:1(11Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z)) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.", "PC(20:1(11Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(20:1(11Z)/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z))", "CCCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCC", ["PC(20:1(11Z)/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["1-(11Z-eicosenoyl)-2-docosanoyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["PC(20:1(11Z)/22:0) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.", "PC(20:1(11Z)/22:0) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["1-(11Z,14Z-eicosadienoyl)-2-tetradecanoyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["PC(20:2(11Z,14Z)/14:0) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.", "PC(20:2(11Z,14Z)/14:0) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(20:2(11Z,14Z)/14:1(9Z))", "CCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCC", ["PC(20:2(11Z,14Z)/14:1(9Z)) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.", "PC(20:2(11Z,14Z)/14:1(9Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(20:2(11Z,14Z)/18:1(9Z))", "CCCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["PC(20:2(11Z,14Z)/18:1(9Z)) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.", "PC(20:2(11Z,14Z)/18:1(9Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(20:2(11Z,14Z)/18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z))", "CCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CC", ["PC(20:2(11Z,14Z)/18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.", "PC(20:2(11Z,14Z)/18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(20:2(11Z,14Z)/20:2(11Z,14Z))", "CCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCC", ["PC(20:2(11Z,14Z)/20:2(11Z,14Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(20:2(11Z,14Z)/22:2(13Z,16Z))", "CCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["PC(20:2(11Z,14Z)/22:2(13Z,16Z)) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.", "PC(20:2(11Z,14Z)/22:2(13Z,16Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)/14:0)", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](COC(=O)CCCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["PC(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)/14:0) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.", "PC(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)/14:0) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)/14:1(9Z))", "CCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCC", ["PC(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)/14:1(9Z)) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.", "PC(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)/14:1(9Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)/18:0)", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](COC(=O)CCCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["PC(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)/18:0) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine and a PC(20:3/18:0).", "PC(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)/18:0) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z))", "CCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCC", ["PC(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.", "PC(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z))", "CCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CC", ["PC(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.", "PC(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)/20:1(11Z))", "CCCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](COC(=O)CCCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["PC(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)/20:1(11Z)) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.", "PC(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)/20:1(11Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z))", "CCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCC", ["PC(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine."]], ["PC(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/14:0)", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](COC(=O)CCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["PC(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/14:0) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.", "PC(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/14:0) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/16:1(9Z))", "CCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](COC(=O)CCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["PC(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/16:1(9Z)) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.", "PC(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/16:1(9Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))", "CCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](COC(=O)CCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["1-[(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl]-2-[(9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is a phosphatidylcholine 38:6 in which the acyl groups specified at positions 1 and 2 are (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl and (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl respectively. It is functionally related to an arachidonic acid and a linoleic acid.", "PC(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/20:0)", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](COC(=O)CCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["PC(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/20:0) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/20:2(11Z,14Z))", "CCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](COC(=O)CCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["PC(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/20:2(11Z,14Z)) is a PC(20:4/20:2)."]], ["PC(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/22:0)", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](COC(=O)CCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["PC(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/22:0) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.", "PC(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/22:0) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/16:0)", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](COC(=O)CCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["PC(20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/16:0) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.", "PC(20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/16:0) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/16:1(9Z))", "CCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](COC(=O)CCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["PC(20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/16:1(9Z)) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.", "PC(20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/16:1(9Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["1-docosanoyl-2-(9Z-tetradecenoyl)-glycero-3-phosphocholine", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCC", ["PC(22:0/14:1(9Z)) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.", "PC(22:0/14:1(9Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(22:0/18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z))", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CC", ["PC(22:0/18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["1-Behenoyl-2-arachidonyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC", ["1-docosanoyl-2-eicosanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is a phosphatidylcholine 42:0 in which the acyl groups specified at positions 1 and 2 are docosanoyl and eicosanoyl respectively. It is functionally related to a docosanoic acid and an icosanoic acid."]], ["PC(22:0/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z))", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCC", ["PC(22:0/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.", "PC(22:0/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(22:2(13Z,16Z)/16:1(9Z))", "CCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["PC(22:2(13Z,16Z)/16:1(9Z)) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.", "PC(22:2(13Z,16Z)/16:1(9Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(22:2(13Z,16Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))", "CCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCC", ["PC(22:2(13Z,16Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(22:2(13Z,16Z)/20:2(11Z,14Z))", "CCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCC", ["PC(22:2(13Z,16Z)/20:2(11Z,14Z)) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.", "PC(22:2(13Z,16Z)/20:2(11Z,14Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/14:1(9Z))", "CCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCC", ["PC(22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/14:1(9Z)) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.", "PC(22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/14:1(9Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/18:0)", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](COC(=O)CCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["1-[(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)-docosatetraenoyl]-2-octadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is a phosphatidylcholine 40:4 in which the acyl groups specified at positions 1 and 2 are (7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)-docosatetraenoyl and octadecanoyl respectively. It is functionally related to an all-cis-docosa-7,10,13,16-tetraenoic acid and an octadecanoic acid.", "PC(22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/18:0) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/20:0)", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](COC(=O)CCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["PC(22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/20:0) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.", "PC(22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/20:0) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["1-Myristoyl-2-docosahexanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](COC(=O)CC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["PC(22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/14:0) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.", "PC(22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/14:0) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["1-Stearoyl-2-docosahexanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](COC(=O)CC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["1-STEAROYL-2-DOCOSAHEXANOYL-SN-GLYCERO-3-PHOSPHOCHOLINE is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine."]], ["1-(1Z-hexadecenyl)-2-tetradecanoyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCC/C=C\\OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCC", ["1-(1Z-hexadecenyl)-2-tetradecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is a 1-(Z)-alk-1-enyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine in which the alk-1-enyl and acyl groups are specified as (1Z)-hexadecenyl and tetradecanoyl respectively. It is functionally related to a tetradecanoic acid."]], ["1-(1-Enyl-palmitoyl)-2-palmitoleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCC/C=C\\OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCC", ["1-(1Z-hexadecenyl)-2-(9Z-hexadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is a 1-(Z)-alk-1-enyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine in which the alk-1-enyl and acyl groups are specified as (1Z)-hexadecenyl and (9Z)-hexadecenoyl respectively. It has a role as a mouse metabolite. It is functionally related to a palmitoleic acid.", "PC(P-16:0/16:1(9Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(P-16:0/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z))", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCC/C=C\\OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CC", ["PC(P-16:0/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)) is a glycerophosphocholine.", "PC(P-16:0/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(P-16:0/18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z))", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCC/C=C\\OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CC", ["PC(P-16:0/18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)) is a glycerophosphocholine.", "PC(P-16:0/18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["1-(1Z-hexadecenyl)-2-eicosanoyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](CO/C=C\\CCCCCCCCCCCCCC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["PC(p-16:0/20:0) is a 1-(alk-1-enyl)-2-acyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine."]], ["1-(1Z-hexadecenyl)-2-(11Z-eicosenoyl)-glycero-3-phosphocholine", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCC/C=C\\OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCC", ["PC(P-16:0/20:1(11Z)) is a glycerophosphocholine.", "PC(P-16:0/20:1(11Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["1-(1Z-octadecenyl)-2-(9Z-tetradecenoyl)-glycero-3-phosphocholine", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC/C=C\\OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCC", ["PC(P-18:0/14:1(9Z)) is a glycerophosphocholine.", "PC(P-18:0/14:1(9Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["1-(1Z-octadecenyl)-2-(9Z-hexadecenoyl)-glycero-3-phosphocholine", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC/C=C\\OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCC", ["PC(P-18:0/16:1(9Z)) is a glycerophosphocholine.", "PC(P-18:0/16:1(9Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(P-18:0/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z))", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC/C=C\\OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCC", ["PC(P-18:0/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)) is a glycerophosphocholine.", "PC(P-18:0/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(P-18:0/22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC/C=C\\OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCC", ["PC(P-18:0/22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)) is a 1-(alk-1-enyl)-2-acyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine.", "PC(P-18:0/22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PF-05175157", "CC1=NC2=C(N1)C=C(C=C2)C(=O)N3CCC4(CC3)CC5=C(C(=O)C4)N(N=C5)C(C)C", ["PF-05175157 has been used in trials studying the basic science and treatment of Acne Vulgaris, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Diabetes Mellitus Type 2, and Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, among others."]], ["Azuleno(4,5-b)furan-2(3H)-one, 3-((dimethylamino)methyl)-3a,4,5,7,8,9,9a,9b-octahydro-9-hydroxy-6,9-dimethyl-, (3R,3aS,9R,9aS,9bS)-", "CC1=C2CC[C@@]([C@@H]2[C@@H]3[C@@H](CC1)[C@@H](C(=O)O3)CN(C)C)(C)O", ["PAI-1 Inhibitor ACT001 is the fumarate salt form of the parthenolide derivative micheliolide (MCL), and an orally bioavailable guaianolide sesquiterpene lactone and inhibitor of the protease plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), with potential immunomodulating and antineoplastic activities. Upon oral administration, PAI-1 inhibitor ACT001 targets and binds to PAI-1, thereby inhibiting the PAI-1/phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) pathway. This induces apoptosis in and inhibits the proliferation, migration and invasion of tumor cells in which the PI3K/AKT pathway is overexpressed. In addition, ACT001 binds to and inhibits the activity of inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta (IKK-beta), thereby inhibiting nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) signaling. This leads to the downregulation of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and induces the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This induces G2/M phase arrest and tumor cell apoptosis. Also, ACT001 binds to and inhibits the phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), and reduces the expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1). This may modulate the anti-tumor immune response. ACT001 may also affect tissue remodeling and cancer metabolism. PAI-1 plays a key role in the proliferation, migration, invasion and adhesion of cancer cells as well as multidrug resistance. It is highly expressed in certain tumors, such as gliomas. ACT001 is able to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB)."]], ["N-Hydroxy-2-(methylsulfonyl)benzenesulfonamide", "CS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)NO", ["CXL-1020 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01092325 (Safety and Hemodynamic Effects and Pharmacokinetics of CXL-1020 in Patients With Stable Heart Failure)."]], ["Nolasiban", "CC1=CC=CC=C1C2=CC=C(C=C2)C(=O)N3C/C(=N\\OC)/C[C@H]3CO", ["Nolasiban is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03081208 (Phase 3 Placebo Controlled Study of Nolasiban to Improve Pregnancy Rates in Women Undergoing IVF/ICSI)."]], ["6H-(1,2,4)Triazolo(4,3-a)(1,5)benzodiazepine-6-acetamide, 4,5-dihydro-4-(1H-indol-3-ylmethyl)-N-(1-methylethyl)-5-oxo-1-phenyl-N-(phenylmethyl)-, (S)-", "CC(C)N(CC1=CC=CC=C1)C(=O)CN2C3=CC=CC=C3N4C(=NN=C4C5=CC=CC=C5)[C@@H](C2=O)CC6=CNC7=CC=CC=C76", ["CE-326,597 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Obesity."]], ["Dcfpyl F-18", "C1=CC(=NC=C1C(=O)NCCCC[C@@H](C(=O)O)NC(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)O)[18F]", ["Prostate cancer is the most common non-cutaneous malignancy affecting men in North America - despite this, an ongoing challenge in prostate cancer therapy is the difficulty in imaging the extent and location of tumor metastases and recurrences. The images generated by positron emission tomography (PET) are less detailed than those obtained via MRI or CT, but are more sensitive and can reveal cancerous tissue in any area of the body provided the tissue is expressing the appropriate target protein. Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a transmembrane glycoprotein expressed in many tissues that plays a role in folate uptake and neurotransmitter release - it is expressed in the prostate at levels roughly 1000-fold greater than elsewhere in the body, and even higher in prostate cancer tissue. As such, it has become a desirable target for PET imaging of prostate cancer tissues.  Piflufolastat F18, also called [F-18]-DCFPyL, is a urea-based radiopharmaceutical that binds to PSMA and allows for the visualization of cancerous prostate tissue. It was first approved by the FDA in May 2021 under the brand name Pylarify and aims to allow for earlier and more accurate detection of suspected prostate cancer metastases or recurrences.", "Piflufolastat f-18 is a Radioactive Diagnostic Agent. The mechanism of action of piflufolastat f-18 is as a Positron Emitting Activity.", "Fluorine F 18 Piflufolastat is a urea-based radiotracer composed of the prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) targeting agent DCFPyL and labeled with the positron-emitting isotope, fluorine F 18, that can potentially be used for positron emitting tomography (PET) imaging. Upon administration of fluorine F piflufolastat, piflufolastat binds to PSMA expressed on tumor cells. The fluorine F 18 moiety facilitates PET imaging of PSMA-expressing tumor cells. PSMA, a cell-surface antigen, is abundantly present on the surface of prostate cancer cells and on the neovasculature of most solid tumors."]], ["Spiro(piperidine-4,7'-(7H)thieno(2,3-C)pyran)-1-propanamide, 2'-fluoro-alpha-((2-fluorophenyl)methyl)-4',5'-dihydro-N-methyl-, (alphaS)-", "CNC(=O)[C@@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1F)CN2CCC3(CC2)C4=C(CCO3)C=C(S4)F", ["NOP-1A is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01198197 (PET Brain and Whole Body Distribution Studies for Nociceptin/Orphanin FQ Peptide (NOP) Receptor Using [11C]NOP-1A)."]], ["Ceftolozane", "CC(C)(C(=O)O)O/N=C(/C1=NSC(=N1)N)\\C(=O)N[C@H]2[C@@H]3N(C2=O)C(=C(CS3)C[N+]4=CC(=C(N4C)N)NC(=O)NCCN)C(=O)[O-]", ["Ceftolozane is a fifth-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having (5-amino-4-{[(2-aminoethyl)carbamoyl]amino}-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-2-ium-2-yl)methyl and [(2Z)-2-(5-amino-1,2,4-thiadiazol-3-yl)-2-{[(2-carboxypropan-2-yl)oxy]imino}acetyl]amino side groups located at positions 3 and 7 respectively; developed for the treatment of infections with gram-negative bacteria that have become resistant to conventional antibiotics. It is a cephalosporin and a member of thiadiazoles.", "Ceftolozane is a semi-synthetic broad-spectrum fifth generation cephalosporin. It was approved by the FDA in 2014 for use in combination with [Tazobactam] for the treatment of serious infections, such as intra-abdominal infections and complicated urinary tract infections. The manufacturer of this drug is Cubist Pharmaceuticals. Most recently, in June 2019, ceftolozane-tazobactam was approved for the treatment of hospital-acquired bacterial pneumonia and ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia.  Hospital-acquired pneumonia and ventilator-associated pneumonia are major causes of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients and the use of ceftolozane-tazobactam offers effective activity against various organisms causing these infections, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa.", "Ceftolozane is a Cephalosporin Antibacterial.", "Ceftolozane is a semi-synthetic, broad-spectrum, fifth-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with bactericidal activity against certain Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Upon administration, ceftolozane binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall. This interferes with the final transpeptidation step required to form peptidoglycan chain cross-links, which are a key component of and provide strength and rigidity to the bacterial cell wall. This inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis and reduces cell wall stability, which weakens the bacterial cell wall and causes bacterial cell lysis."]], ["Infigratinib", "CCN1CCN(CC1)C2=CC=C(C=C2)NC3=CC(=NC=N3)N(C)C(=O)NC4=C(C(=CC(=C4Cl)OC)OC)Cl", ["BGJ-398 is a member of the class of phenylureas that is urea in which a hydrogen attached to one of the nitrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dichloro-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl group, while the hydrogens attached to the other nitrogen are replaced by a methyl group and a 6-{[4-(4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl)phenyl]amino}pyrimidin-4-yl group. It is a potent and selective fibroblast growth factor receptor inhibitor. It has a role as a fibroblast growth factor receptor antagonist and an antineoplastic agent. It is an aminopyrimidine, a N-arylpiperazine, a N-alkylpiperazine, a dichlorobenzene and a member of phenylureas.", "Infigratinib is a pan-fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) kinase inhibitor. By inhibiting the FGFR pathway, which is often aberrated in cancers such as cholangiocarcinoma, infigratinib suppresses tumour growth. Cholangiocarcinoma is the most common primary malignancy affecting the biliary tract and the second most common primary hepatic malignancy. Infitratinib is a pan-FGFR inhibitor, as it is an ATP-competitive inhibitor of all four FGFR receptor subtypes.   On May 28, 2021, the FDA granted accelerated approval to infigratinib - under the market name Truseltiq - for the treatment of previously treated, unresectable locally advanced or metastatic cholangiocarcinoma in adults with a fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) fusion or another rearrangement as detected by an FDA-approved test. This approval follows [pemigatinib], another FGFR inhibitor approved by the FDA for the same therapeutic indication.", "Infigratinib is a FGF receptor kinase inhibitor that is used in the treatment of unresectable, locally advanced or metastatic intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Infigratinib is associated with transient and usually mild elevations in serum aminotransferase during therapy, but has not been convincingly linked to cases of clinically apparent liver injury.", "Infigratinib is an orally bioavailable pan inhibitor of human fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) with potential antiangiogenic and antineoplastic activities. Infigratinib selectively binds to and inhibits the activities of FGFRs, which may result in the inhibition of tumor angiogenesis and tumor cell proliferation, and the induction of tumor cell death. FGFRs are a family of receptor tyrosine kinases which may be upregulated in various tumor cell types and may be involved in tumor cell differentiation and proliferation, tumor angiogenesis, and tumor cell survival."]], ["Gadoxetic acid disodium", "CCOC1=CC=C(C=C1)C[C@@H](CN(CCN(CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])N(CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-].[Na+].[Na+].[Gd+3]", ["Gadoxetate Disodium is a paramagnetic contrast agent consisting of the disodium salt of the gadolinium ion chelated with the lipophilic moiety ethoxybenzyl (EOB) bound to diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA). When placed in a magnetic field, gadolinium produces a large magnetic moment and so a large local magnetic field, which can enhance the relaxation rate of nearby protons; as a result, the signal intensity of tissue images observed with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be enhanced. Because this agent is preferentially taken up by normal functioning hepatocytes, normal hepatic tissue is enhanced with MRI while tumor tissue is unenhanced. In addition, because this agent is excreted in the bile, it may be used to visualize the biliary system using MRI."]], ["Nvp-cgm097", "CC(C)OC1=C(C=C2CC(=O)N([C@H](C2=C1)C3=CC=C(C=C3)Cl)C4=CC=C(C=C4)N(C)CC5CCC(CC5)N6CCN(C(=O)C6)C)OC", ["p53/HDM2 Interaction Inhibitor CGM097 is an orally bioavailable HDM2 (human homolog of double minute 2) antagonist with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, p53/HDM2 interaction inhibitor CGM097 inhibits the binding of the HDM2 protein to the transcriptional activation domain of the tumor suppressor protein p53. By preventing this HDM2-p53 interaction, the proteasome-mediated enzymatic degradation of p53 is inhibited, which may result in the restoration of p53 signaling and, thus, the p53-mediated induction of tumor cell apoptosis. HDM2, a zinc finger nuclear phosphoprotein, is a negative regulator of the p53 pathway, often overexpressed in cancer cells and has been implicated in cancer cell proliferation and survival."]], ["Mivavotinib", "CN1C=C(C=N1)C2=NC(=C(C3=C2C(=O)NC3)F)N[C@@H]4CCCC[C@@H]4N", ["Mivavotinib is an inhibitor of spleen tyrosine kinase (syk), with potential anti-inflammatory, immunomodulating, and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, mivavotinib may inhibit the activity of syk, which abrogates downstream B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling and leads to an inhibition of B-cell activation, chemotaxis, adhesion and proliferation. Syk, a BCR-associated non-receptor tyrosine kinase that mediates diverse cellular responses, including proliferation, differentiation, and phagocytosis, is expressed in hematopoietic tissues and is often overexpressed in hematopoietic malignancies."]], ["Radalbuvir", "CC1=CC[C@@H](CC1)C(=O)N(C2CCC(CC2)(CO[C@H]3CCOC3)O)C4=C(SC(=C4)C#CC(C)(C)C)C(=O)O", ["Radalbuvir has been used in trials studying the treatment of Chronic Hepatitis C, Chronic HCV Infection, and Chronic Hepatitis C Infection."]], ["Naropin", "CCC[NH+]1CCCC[C@H]1C(=O)NC2=C(C=CC=C2C)C.O.[Cl-]", ["(S)-ropivacaine hydrochloride hydrate is the monohydrate form of (S)-ropivacaine hydrochloride. It has a role as a local anaesthetic. It contains a (S)-ropivacaine hydrochloride (anhydrous).", "Ropivacaine Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt of ropivacaine, a local anesthetic of the amide type with analgesic activity. Ropivacaine binds to voltage-gated sodium ion channels in the neuronal membrane, thereby preventing the permeability of sodium ions and resulting in a stabilization of the neuronal membrane and inhibition of depolarization; nerve impulse generation and propagation are blocked, resulting in a reversible loss of sensation.", "An anilide used as a long-acting local anesthetic. It has a differential blocking effect on sensory and motor neurons."]], ["Antimony sodium gluconate", "C([C@H]([C@@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](O[Sb](=O)(O1)O[Sb]2(=O)O[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](O2)C(=O)O)O)[C@@H](CO)O)C(=O)O)O)O)O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Na].[Na].[Na]", ["Antimony complex where the metal may exist in either the pentavalent or trivalent states. The pentavalent gluconate is used in leishmaniasis. The trivalent gluconate is most frequently used in schistosomiasis."]], ["Hydroxysenkirkine", "C/C=C\\1/C[C@H]([C@@](C(=O)OCC2=CC[N+]3([C@]2([C@@H](CC3)OC1=O)O)C)(CO)O)C", ["Hydroxysenkirkine is a citraconoyl group."]], ["Oritavancin diphosphate", "C[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@@](C[C@@H](O1)O[C@H]2[C@H]3C(=O)N[C@@H](C4=C(C(=CC(=C4)O)O)C5=C(C=CC(=C5)[C@H](C(=O)N3)NC(=O)[C@H]6C7=CC(=C(C(=C7)OC8=C(C=C2C=C8)Cl)O[C@H]9[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O9)CO)O)O)O[C@H]1C[C@]([C@H]([C@@H](O1)C)O)(C)NCC1=CC=C(C=C1)C1=CC=C(C=C1)Cl)OC1=C(C=C(C=C1)[C@H]([C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N6)CC(=O)N)NC(=O)[C@@H](CC(C)C)NC)O)Cl)O)C(=O)O)(C)N)O.OP(=O)(O)O.OP(=O)(O)O", ["Oritavancin bisphosphate is a phosphate salt obtained by combining oritavancin with two molar equivalents of phosphoric acid. Used for the treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections caused or suspected to be caused by susceptible isolates of designated Gram-positive microorganisms. It has a role as an antibacterial drug. It contains an oritavancin."]], ["4-Amino-1-(4-C-azido-2',3',5'-tri-O-(2-methylpropanoyl)-beta-D-ribofuranosyl)pyrimidin-2(1H)-one", "CC(C)C(=O)OC[C@@]1([C@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O1)N2C=CC(=NC2=O)N)OC(=O)C(C)C)OC(=O)C(C)C)N=[N+]=[N-]", ["R1626 is one of a new class of hepatitis C therapies called polymerase inhibitors. It achieves significant reductions in viral load in chronic hepatitis C patients infected with the difficult to treat genotype 1 virus. R1626 is very effective in inhibiting viral replication", "Balapiravir is an orally administered prodrug with activity against the hepatitis C virus (HCV). Balapiravir is a tri-isobutyrate ester prodrug of R1479, a nucleoside analogue inhibitor of HCV RNA-dependent RNA polymerase."]], ["Bismuthsubcitratepotassium", "C(C(=O)[O-])C(CC(=O)[O-])(C(=O)[O-])O.C(C(=O)[O-])C(CC(=O)[O-])(C(=O)[O-])O.[K+].[K+].[K+].[K+].[K+].[Bi+3]", ["Bismuth Subcitrate Potassium is a soluble, complex bismuth salt of citric acid used in combination with metronidazole and tetracycline to treat stomach ulcers caused by Helicobacter pylori infections."]], ["Dasolampanel etibutil", "CCC(CC)COC(=O)[C@@H]1C[C@H]2C[C@H](CC[C@H]2CN1)OC3=C(C(=CC=C3)Cl)C4=NNN=N4", ["Dasolampanel etibutil has been used in trials studying the treatment of Diabetic Neuropathy, Painful."]], ["Methyl (4AS,6AR,6BS,8AR,12AS,14AR,14BS)-11-cyano-2,2,6A,6B,9,9,12A-heptamethyl-10,14-dioxo-1,2,3,4,4A,5,6,6A,6B,7,8,8A,9,10,12A,14,14A,14B-octadecahydropicene-4A-carboxylate", "CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(C2C1)C(=O)C=C4C3(CCC5C4(C=C(C(=O)C5(C)C)C#N)C)C)C)C(=O)OC)C", ["Bardoxolone Methyl is the methyl ester form of bardoxolone, a synthetic triterpenoid compound with potential antineoplastic and anti-inflammatory activities. Bardoxolone blocks the synthesis of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and inducible cyclooxygenase (COX-2), two enzymes involved in inflammation and carcinogenesis. This agent also inhibits the interleukin-1 (IL-1)-induced expression of the pro-inflammatory proteins matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) and matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) and the expression of Bcl-3; Bcl-3 is an IL-1-responsive gene that preferentially contributes to MMP-1 gene expression."]], ["Unii-63P7W7886U", "CC1=NC2=C(N1C3C[C@H]4CC[C@@H](C3)N4CC[C@@H](C5=CC(=CC=C5)F)NC(=O)C)CCN(C2)C(=O)C(C)C", ["PF-232798 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01140425 (Study To Evaluate The Effect Of A Multiple Oral Dose Of PF-00232798 On QT Intervals In Healthy Subjects)."]], ["Citarinostat", "C1=CC=C(C=C1)N(C2=CC=CC=C2Cl)C3=NC=C(C=N3)C(=O)NCCCCCCC(=O)NO", ["Citarinostat is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02886065 (A Study of PVX-410, a Cancer Vaccine, and Citarinostat +/- Lenalidomide for Smoldering MM).", "Citarinostat is an orally available histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, citarinostat inhibits the activity of HDACs; this results in an accumulation of highly acetylated chromatin histones, the induction of chromatin remodeling and an altered pattern of gene expression. This leads to the inhibition of tumor oncogene transcription, and the selective transcription of tumor suppressor genes, which inhibit tumor cell division and induce tumor cell apoptosis. HDAC, an enzyme upregulated in many tumor types, deacetylates chromatin histone proteins."]], ["Ricolinostat", "C1=CC=C(C=C1)N(C2=CC=CC=C2)C3=NC=C(C=N3)C(=O)NCCCCCCC(=O)NO", ["N-[7-(hydroxyamino)-7-oxoheptyl]-2-(N-phenylanilino)-5-pyrimidinecarboxamide is a pyrimidinecarboxylic acid.", "Ricolinostat is under investigation for the treatment of Breast Carcinoma and Metastatic Breast Cancer.", "Ricolinostat is an orally bioavailable, specific inhibitor of histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) with potential antineoplastic activity. Ricolinostat selectively targets and binds to HDAC6, thereby disrupting the Hsp90 protein chaperone system through hyperacetylation of Hsp90 and preventing the subsequent aggresomal protein degradation. This leads to an accumulation of unfolded and misfolded ubiquitinated proteins and may eventually induce cancer cell apoptosis, and inhibition of cancer cell growth. HDAC6, a class II HDAC deacetylase located in the cytoplasm, appears to play a key role in the formation and activation of the aggresomes needed for degradation of misfolded proteins. Compared to non-selective HDAC inhibitor, ACY-1215 is able to reduce the toxic effects on normal, healthy cells."]], ["L-Alanine, 3-((2,5-dimethyl-6-(4-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1,8-naphthyridin-2-yl)-1-piperidinyl)-4-pyrimidinyl)amino)-N-((4-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl)", "CC1=C(N=C(N=C1N2CCC(CC2)C3=NC4=C(CCCN4)C=C3)C)NC[C@@H](C(=O)O)NS(=O)(=O)C5=CC=C(C=C5)OC", ["GLPG0187 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Solid Tumors.", "Integrin Receptor Antagonist GLPG0187 is a small molecule integrin receptor antagonist (IRA) with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, GLPG0187 binds to and blocks the activity of 5 RGD-integrin receptor subtypes, including alphavbeta1, alphavbeta3, alphavbeta5, alphavbeta6 and alpha5beta1. This may result in the inhibition of endothelial cell-cell interactions and endothelial cell-matrix interactions, and the prevention of angiogenesis and metastasis in tumor cells expressing these integrin receptors. Integrin receptors are transmembrane glycoproteins expressed on the surface of tumor vessel endothelial cells and some types of cancer cells, and play a crucial role in endothelial cell adhesion and migration."]], ["(R)-4-((4-(((4-(Tetrahydrofuran-3-yloxy)-1,2-benzisoxazol-3-yl)oxy)methyl)piperidin-1-yl)methyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-ol", "C1COC[C@@H]1OC2=CC=CC3=C2C(=NO3)OCC4CCN(CC4)CC5(CCOCC5)O", ["Pf 04995274 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01193062 (Study In Healthy Subjects To Evaluate The Changes In The Protein sAPP-Alpha In Cerebrospinal Fluid Following A Single Oral Dose Of PF-04995274)."]], ["8-fluoro-2-(4-((methylamino)methyl)phenyl)-1,3,4,5-tetrahydro-6H-pyrrolo(4,3,2-ef)(2)benzazepin-6-one (7,7-dimethyl-2-oxobicyclo(2.2.1)heptan-1-yl)methanesulfonate (1:1)", "CC1(C2CC[C@]1(C(=O)C2)CS(=O)(=O)O)C.CNCC1=CC=C(C=C1)C2=C3CCNC(=O)C4=C3C(=CC(=C4)F)N2", ["Rucaparib Camsylate is the camsylate salt form of rucaparib, an orally bioavailable tricyclic indole and inhibitor of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) 1 (PARP1), 2 (PARP2) and 3 (PARP3), with potential chemo/radiosensitizing and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, rucaparib selectively binds to PARP1, 2 and 3 and inhibits PARP-mediated DNA repair. This enhances the accumulation of DNA strand breaks, promotes genomic instability and induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. This may enhance the cytotoxicity of DNA-damaging agents and reverse tumor cell resistance to chemotherapy and radiation therapy. PARPs are enzymes activated by single-strand DNA breaks that catalyze the post-translational ADP-ribosylation of nuclear proteins, which induces signaling and the recruitment of other proteins to repair damaged DNA. The PARP-mediated repair pathway plays a key role in DNA repair and is dysregulated in a variety of cancer cell types."]], ["4-((9-Cyclopentyl-7,7-difluoro-5-methyl-6-oxo-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-pyrimido[4,5-b][1,4]diazepin-2-yl)amino)-2-fluoro-5-methoxy-N-(1-methylpiperidin-4-yl)benzamide", "CN1CCC(CC1)NC(=O)C2=CC(=C(C=C2F)NC3=NC=C4C(=N3)N(CC(C(=O)N4C)(F)F)C5CCCC5)OC", ["PLK1 Inhibitor TAK-960 is an orally available, Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) inhibitor with potential antineoplastic activity. Polo-like kinase 1 inhibitor TAK-960 selectively inhibits PLK1, inducing selective G2/M cell-cycle arrest followed by apoptosis in a variety of tumor cells while causing reversible cell-cycle arrest at the G1 and G2 stages without apoptosis in normal cells. PLK1 inhibition may result in the inhibition of proliferation in PLK1-overexpressed tumor cells. PLK1, named after the polo gene of Drosophila melanogaster, is a serine/threonine kinase crucial in the regulation of mitosis."]], ["5H-(1)Benzopyrano(2,3-b)pyridine-5-acetamide, 2-(4-((ethylmethylamino)carbonyl)-3-fluorophenyl)-alpha,alpha-dimethyl-N-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl-, (5S)-", "CCN(C)C(=O)C1=C(C=C(C=C1)C2=NC3=C(C=C2)[C@H](C4=CC=CC=C4O3)C(C)(C)C(=O)NC5=NN=CS5)F", ["BMS-791826 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03198013 (A Study of Pharmacokinetics (PK) and Pharmacodynamics (PD) in Relation to Prednisolone in Healthy Males)."]], ["(3r,3as,6ar)-Hexahydrofuro[2,3-B]furan-3-Yl {(2s,3r)-4-[({2-[(1-Cyclopentylpiperidin-4-Yl)amino]-1,3-Benzothiazol-6-Yl}sulfonyl)(2-Methylpropyl)amino]-3-Hydroxy-1-Phenylbutan-2-Yl}carbamate", "CC(C)CN(C[C@H]([C@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)NC(=O)O[C@H]2CO[C@@H]3[C@H]2CCO3)O)S(=O)(=O)C4=CC5=C(C=C4)N=C(S5)NC6CCN(CC6)C7CCCC7", ["TMC-310911 (also known as ASC-09) is a novel investigational protease inhibitor (PI) that is structurally similar to the currently available [darunavir]. It is being investigated for use in HIV-1 infections. TMC-310911 has shown marked activity against a variety of HIV-1 strains, including multi-PI-resistant strains, and may be less likely to generate resistance, making it a potentially desirable therapy for both treatment-naive and PI-experienced patients.  TMC-310911 is currently being investigated, in combination with other HIV therapies and antivirals, as a potential treatment for COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2.", "HIV-1 Protease Inhibitor ASC09 is an orally bioavailable human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) protease inhibitor, with potential activity against HIV and certain other RNA viruses. Upon oral administration, HIV-1 protease inhibitor ASC09 selectively targets and binds to the active site of HIV-1 protease, and inhibits the dimerization and catalytic activity of HIV-1 protease. This inhibits the proteolytic cleavage of viral Gag and Gag-Pol polyproteins in HIV-infected cells. This inhibition leads to the production of immature, non-infectious viral proteins that are unable to form mature virions, and prevents HIV replication. In addition, ASC09 may also inhibit viral proteases from other RNA viruses, thereby preventing their replication."]], ["Sovaprevir", "CC(C)(C)[C@H](CC(=O)N1CCCCC1)C(=O)N2C[C@@H](C[C@H]2C(=O)N[C@@]3(C[C@H]3C=C)C(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C4CC4)OC5=CC(=NC6=C5C=CC(=C6)OC)C7=CC=CC=C7", ["Sovaprevir is a dipeptide.", "Sovaprevir has been investigated for the treatment of Hepatitis C, Chronic."]], ["Fosifloxuridine nafalbenamide", "C[C@@H](C(=O)OCC1=CC=CC=C1)NP(=O)(OC[C@@H]2[C@H](C[C@@H](O2)N3C=C(C(=O)NC3=O)F)O)OC4=CC=CC5=CC=CC=C54", ["Fosifloxuridine nafalbenamide is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03428958 (A Safety Study of NUC-3373 in Combination With Standard Agents Used in Colorectal Cancer Treatment).", "Fosifloxuridine Nafalbenamide is a phosphoramidate-based prodrug of the monophosphate (MP) form of 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine (FUdR; FUDR), the active metabolite of fluorouracil (5-FU), an antimetabolite fluoropyrimidine analog of the pyrimidine nucleoside, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration of the nucleotide analog prodrug fosifloxuridine nafalbenamide, fosifloxuridine nafalbenamide is readily taken up by tumor cells. In the tumor cell, the phosphoramidate moiety is removed and fosifloxuridine nafalbenamide is converted to its active form FUDR-MP. In turn, FUDR-MP binds to and inhibits thymidylate synthase (TS), resulting in the depletion of thymidine triphosphate (TTP) and thus DNA synthesis. With the phosphoramidate moiety attached to FUDR-MP, fosifloxuridine nafalbenamide, compared to 5-FU, is more lipophilic and accumulates in cancer cells by passive diffusion and does not require a nucleoside transporter, thereby generating higher intracellular concentrations. In addition, compared to 5-FU, once inside the cell FUDR-MP does not need to be phosphorylated and is already in its active form. Unlike 5-FU, fosifloxuridine nafalbenamide does not get deactivated or converted into toxic metabolites by dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) and thymidine phosphorylase (TP), which leads to both a longer half-life and less toxicity."]], ["Vicagrel", "CC(=O)OC1=CC2=C(S1)CCN(C2)[C@@H](C3=CC=CC=C3Cl)C(=O)OC", ["Vicagrel is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03599284 (The Efficacy, Safety and Pharmacokinetic of Antiplatelet Therapy for Vicagrel)."]], ["Sabizabulin", "COC1=CC(=CC(=C1OC)OC)C(=O)C2=CN=C(N2)C3=CNC4=CC=CC=C43", ["Sabizabulin is an orally bioavailable, small molecule tubulin inhibitor, with potential antineoplastic, antiviral and anti-inflammatory activities. Upon oral administration, sabizabulin binds to the colchicine-binding site of alpha- and beta-tubulin subunits of microtubules and crosslinks the microtubules, thereby inhibiting microtubule polymerization in tumor blood vessel endothelial cells and tumor cells. This blocks the formation of the mitotic spindle and leads to cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase. As a result, this agent disrupts the tumor vasculature, tumor blood flow, deprives tumor cells of nutrients, and induces apoptosis. In addition, as microtubules plays an important role in intracellular transport, the inhibition of its polymerization may disrupt the transport of the androgen receptor (AR) into the cell nucleus, as well as virus trafficking around the cell. This may decrease viral replication and assembly. Inhibition of tubulin polymerization may also inhibit the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and disrupt inflammatory cell activities. Sabizabulin is not a substrate of P-glycoprotein (Pgp), an efflux pump that when overexpressed, may confer resistance to taxane agents."]], ["Itacitinib", "C1CN(CCC1N2CC(C2)(CC#N)N3C=C(C=N3)C4=C5C=CNC5=NC=N4)C(=O)C6=C(C(=NC=C6)C(F)(F)F)F", ["Itacitinib has been used in trials studying the treatment of Melanoma, Carcinoma, Metastatic Cancer, Endometrial Cancer, and B-cell Malignancies, among others.", "Itacitinib is an orally bioavailable inhibitor of Janus-associated kinase 1 (JAK1) with potential antineoplastic and immunomodulating activities. Upon oral administration, itacitinib selectively inhibits JAK-1, thereby inhibiting the phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) proteins and the production of proinflammatory factors induced by other cytokines, including interleukin-23 (IL-23) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). The JAK-STAT pathway plays a key role in the signaling of many cytokines and growth factors and is involved in cellular proliferation, growth, hematopoiesis, and the immune response; JAK kinases may be upregulated in inflammatory diseases, myeloproliferative disorders, and various malignancies."]], ["2-[(1R,2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-3-(diaminomethylideneamino)-4-[(2R,3R,5S)-3-[(2S,3S,4R,5R,6S)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-(methylamino)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4-formyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyloxolan-2-yl]oxy-2,5,6-trihydroxycyclohexyl]guanidine;sulfuric acid", "C[C@H]1C([C@H]([C@@H](O1)O[C@@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@H]2O)O)N=C(N)N)O)N=C(N)N)O[C@H]3[C@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O3)CO)O)O)NC)(C=O)O.C[C@H]1C([C@H]([C@@H](O1)O[C@@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@H]2O)O)N=C(N)N)O)N=C(N)N)O[C@H]3[C@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O3)CO)O)O)NC)(C=O)O.OS(=O)(=O)O.OS(=O)(=O)O.OS(=O)(=O)O", ["Streptomycin sulfate (2:3) (salt) appears as an antibacterial. White to light gray or pale buff powder with faint amine-like odor.", "Streptomycin Sulfate is the sulfate salt form of streptomycin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from Streptomyces griseus with antibacterial property. Streptomycin sulfate binds to the S12 protein of the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, thereby inhibiting peptide elongation and protein synthesis, consequently leading to bacterial cell death.", "An antibiotic produced by the soil actinomycete Streptomyces griseus. It acts by inhibiting the initiation and elongation processes during protein synthesis."]], ["7-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-8-[(2S,3S,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]chromen-4-one", "C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=COC3=C(C2=O)C=CC(=C3[C@H]4[C@H](C([C@@H](C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O", ["7-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-8-[(2S,3S,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]chromen-4-one is a natural product found in Pueraria montana with data available."]], ["(3R,4S)-2-[(2R,3S,6R)-4,6-bis(azanyl)-3-[(3R,6S)-3-azanyl-6-[1-(methylamino)ethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxy-2-oxidanyl-cyclohexyl]oxy-5-methyl-4-(methylamino)oxane-3,5-diol; sulfuric acid", "CC([C@@H]1CC[C@H](C(O1)O[C@@H]2[C@H](C([C@@H](CC2N)N)OC3[C@@H]([C@@H](C(CO3)(C)O)NC)O)O)N)NC.OS(=O)(=O)O", ["A complex of closely related aminoglycosides obtained from MICROMONOSPORA purpurea and related species. They are broad-spectrum antibiotics, but may cause ear and kidney damage. They act to inhibit PROTEIN BIOSYNTHESIS."]], ["Pradigastat", "C1CC(CCC1CC(=O)O)C2=CC=C(C=C2)C3=NC=C(C=C3)NC4=CN=C(C=C4)C(F)(F)F", ["Pradigastat has been used in trials studying the treatment of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)."]], ["Prostaglandin I2; Prostacyclin", "CCCCCC(C=CC1C(CC2C1CC(=CCCCC(=O)[O-])O2)O)O.[Na+]", ["Epoprostenol Sodium is the sodium salt form of epoprostenol, a synthetic prostacyclin, a member of the family of prostaglandins, with vasodilatory and anticoagulant activity. Epoprostenol sodium directly simulates prostaglandin receptors in arterial vascular smooth muscle, thereby causing vasodilatation. This agent also inhibits platelet aggregation by antagonizing platelet glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa receptors, thereby preventing thrombus formation.", "A prostaglandin that is a powerful vasodilator and inhibits platelet aggregation. It is biosynthesized enzymatically from PROSTAGLANDIN ENDOPEROXIDES in human vascular tissue. The sodium salt has been also used to treat primary pulmonary hypertension (HYPERTENSION, PULMONARY)."]], ["Bisoprolol hemifumarate", "CC(C)NCC(COC1=CC=C(C=C1)COCCOC(C)C)O.C(=CC(=O)O)C(=O)O", ["Bisoprolol Fumarate is the fumarate salt of a synthetic phenoxy-2-propanol-derived cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic receptor antagonist with antihypertensive and potential cardioprotective activities. Devoid of intrinsic sympathomimetic activity, bisoprolol selectively and competitively binds to and blocks beta-1 adrenergic receptors in the heart, decreasing cardiac contractility and rate, reducing cardiac output, and lowering blood pressure. In addition, this agent may exhibit antihypertensive activity through the inhibition of renin secretion by juxtaglomerular epithelioid (JGE) cells in the kidney, thus inhibiting activation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). Bisoprolol has been shown to be cardioprotective in animal models.", "A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic blocker. It is effective in the management of HYPERTENSION and ANGINA PECTORIS."]], ["12-[1-(4-Chloro-3-methoxycyclohexyl)prop-1-en-2-yl]-17-ethyl-1,14-dihydroxy-23,25-dimethoxy-13,19,21,27-tetramethyl-11,28-dioxa-4-azatricyclo[22.3.1.04,9]octacos-18-ene-2,3,10,16-tetrone", "CCC1C=C(CC(CC(C2C(CC(C(O2)(C(=O)C(=O)N3CCCCC3C(=O)OC(C(C(CC1=O)O)C)C(=CC4CCC(C(C4)OC)Cl)C)O)C)OC)OC)C)C", ["Pimecrolimus is a 33-epi-chloro-derivative of the ascomycin macrolactam with immunosuppressant property. Pimecrolimus binds to the receptor macrophilin-12 (FKBP-12) forming a complex that blocks the calcium-dependent signal transduction cascade mediated by calcineurin. Via dephosphorylation, calcineurin is the enzyme responsible for activating nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NF-AT), a T cell transcriptional regulatory factor. As a consequence, the synthesis and release of Th1- (T helper 1) and Th2- (T helper 2) type cytokines, and other inflammatory mediators from T-cells and mast cells are blocked and the expression of signals essential for the activation of inflammatory T-lymphocytes is inhibited. However, pimecrolimus mode of action is cell-selective and does not affect Langerhans' cells/dendritic cells and primary fibroblasts."]], ["Ethyl 3-(5-ethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-YL)benzoate", "CCC1=NC(=NO1)C2=CC(=CC=C2)C(=O)OCC", ["AC3056 is a non-peptide antioxidant that acts as an inhibitor of vascular cell adhesion molecule expression originally developed by Aventis Pharmaceuticals. It as since been acquired by Amylin Pharmaceuticals and has completed phase I trials."]], ["Sodium;7-[[2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-methoxyiminoacetyl]amino]-8-oxo-3-(oxolan-2-yl)-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate", "CON=C(C1=CSC(=N1)N)C(=O)NC2C3N(C2=O)C(=C(CS3)C4CCCO4)C(=O)[O-].[Na+]", ["Cefovecin Sodium is the sodium salt form of cefovecin, a semisynthetic, broad-spectrum, third-generation cephalosporin with antibacterial activity. Cefovecin binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall. PBPs are enzymes involved in the terminal stages of assembling the bacterial cell wall and in reshaping the cell wall during growth and division. Inactivation of PBPs interferes with the cross-linkage of peptidoglycan chains necessary for bacterial cell wall strength and rigidity. This results in the weakening of the bacterial cell wall and causes cell lysis."]], ["7-[2-(2-Amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)(methoxyimino)acetamido]-8-oxo-3-(oxolan-2-yl)-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid", "CON=C(C1=CSC(=N1)N)C(=O)NC2C3N(C2=O)C(=C(CS3)C4CCCO4)C(=O)O", ["Cefovecin is a semisynthetic, broad-spectrum, third-generation cephalosporin with antibacterial activity. Cefovecin binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall. PBPs are enzymes involved in the terminal stages of assembling the bacterial cell wall and in reshaping the cell wall during growth and division. Inactivation of PBPs interferes with the cross-linkage of peptidoglycan chains necessary for bacterial cell wall strength and rigidity. This results in the weakening of the bacterial cell wall and causes cell lysis."]], ["Mono(3-carboxypropyl) phthalate", "C1=CC=C(C(=C1)C(=O)O)C(=O)OCCCC(=O)O", ["Mono(3-carboxypropyl) phthalate is a phthalic acid monoester obtained by formal condensation of one of the carboxy groups of phthalic acid with the hydroxy group of 4-hydroxybutyric acid. It has a role as a human urinary metabolite and a human xenobiotic metabolite. It is a phthalic acid monoester and a dicarboxylic acid. It is functionally related to a 4-hydroxybutyric acid."]], ["N-(2,4-difluoro-3-(5-(pyridin-3-yl)-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine-3-carbonyl)phenyl)propane-2-sulfonamide", "CC(C)S(=O)(=O)NC1=C(C(=C(C=C1)F)C(=O)C2=CNC3=C2C=C(C=N3)C4=CN=CC=C4)F", ["BRAF Inhibitor is any agent that inhibits the serine/threonine-protein kinase BRAF(B-RAF)."]], ["Difenoxin hydrochloride", "C1CN(CCC1(C2=CC=CC=C2)C(=O)O)CCC(C#N)(C3=CC=CC=C3)C4=CC=CC=C4.Cl", ["Difenoxin Hydrochloride is a phenylpiperidine with antidiarrheal activity and active metabolite of diphenoxylate. Difenoxin is chemically related to the narcotic opioid meperidine. Difenoxin hydrochloride acts primarily on the gastrointestinal wall by binding to opioid receptors on acetylcholine-containing nerves and inhibits the release of acetylcholine from presynaptic nerve terminals. This leads to a reduction in intestinal motility. Difenoxin hydrochloride also mimics the action of endogenous opioid peptides at the CNS opioid receptors, (primarily mu-receptors), thereby inducing CNS effects."]], ["5-bromo-2,6-di(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyrimidin-4-amine", "C1=CN(N=C1)C2=NC(=NC(=C2Br)N)N3C=CC=N3", ["Taminadenant is an orally bioavailable adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) antagonist, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, A2AR antagonist PBF-509 selectively binds to and inhibits A2AR expressed on T-lymphocytes. This abrogates the adenosine/A2AR-mediated inhibition of T-lymphocytes and activates a T-cell-mediated immune response against tumor cells, thereby reducing proliferation of susceptible tumor cells. A2AR, a G protein-coupled receptor, is highly expressed on the cell surfaces of T-cells and, upon activation by adenosine, inhibits their proliferation and activation. Adenosine is often produced in excess by cancer cells."]], ["Zavegepant", "CC1=CC(=CC2=C1NN=C2)C[C@H](C(=O)N3CCN(CC3)C4CCN(CC4)C)NC(=O)N5CCC(CC5)C6=CC7=CC=CC=C7NC6=O", ["Zavegepant is an antagonist of the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor currently in phase 3 trials in an intranasal formulation for the treatment of migraine. If FDA approved, it will join other previously-approved \"-gepant\" drugs [rimegepant] and [ubrogepant] as an additional treatment alternative for patients with migraine, particularly those for whom traditional triptan therapy has proven ineffective.  On April 15th, 2020, a phase 2 clinical trial (NCT04346615: Safety and Efficacy Trial of Vazegepant Intranasal for Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19 Requiring Supplemental Oxygen) began to investigate the use of intranasally administered zavegepant to combat the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) sometimes seen in patients with COVID-19. Acute lung injury activates the release of CGRP, which plays a role in the development of ARDS - CGRP antagonists, then, may help to blunt the significant inflammation associated with COVID-19. The clinical trial is expected to complete in September 2020.", "Zavegepant is a highly soluble small molecule calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) receptor antagonist, with potential analgesic and immunomodulating activities. Upon administration, zavegepant targets, binds to and inhibits the activity of CGRP receptors located on mast cells in the brain. This may inhibit neurogenic inflammation caused by trigeminal nerve release of CGRP. In addition, by blocking the CGRP receptors located in smooth muscle cells within vessel walls, zavegepant inhibits the pathologic dilation of intracranial arteries. Zavegepant, by blocking the CGRP receptors, also suppresses the transmission of pain by inhibiting the central relay of pain signals from the trigeminal nerve to the caudal trigeminal nucleus. Altogether, this may relieve migraine. As CGRP receptors induce the release of pro-inflammatory mediators, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), from inflammatory cells, zavegepant may prevent an IL-6-mediated inflammatory response. Zavegepant may also inhibit the CGRP-mediated induction of eosinophil migration and the stimulation of beta-integrin-mediated T cell adhesion to fibronectin at the site of inflammation, and may abrogate the CGRP-mediated polarization of the T cell response towards the pro-inflammatory state characterized by Th17 and IL-17. This may improve lung inflammation and oxygenation, prevent edema, and further lung injury. CGRP, a 37 amino-acid peptide expressed in and released from a subset of polymodal primary sensory neurons of the trigeminal ganglion and nerve fibers projecting to the airways and by pulmonary neuroendocrine cells, plays an important role in pain transmission, inflammation, and neurogenic vasodilatation. It is released upon acute lung injury and upregulation of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels."]], ["(2'S,3R,4'S,5'R)-6-Chloro-4'-(3-chloro-2-fluorophenyl)-2'-(2,2-dimethylpropyl)-N-(trans-4-hydroxycyclohexyl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydrospiro(indole-3,3'-pyrrolidine)-5'-carboxamide", "CC(C)(C)C[C@H]1[C@@]2([C@H]([C@@H](N1)C(=O)NC3CCC(CC3)O)C4=C(C(=CC=C4)Cl)F)C5=C(C=C(C=C5)Cl)NC2=O", ["SAR405838 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Neoplasm Malignant.", "p53-HDM2 Interaction Inhibitor MI-773 is an orally available spiro-oxindole HDM2 (human double minute 2) antagonist with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, the p53-HDM2 protein-protein interaction inhibitor MI-773 binds to HDM2, preventing the binding of the HDM2 protein to the transcriptional activation domain of the tumor suppressor protein p53. By preventing this HDM2-p53 interaction, the proteasome-mediated enzymatic degradation of p53 is inhibited and the transcriptional activity of p53 is restored, which may result in the restoration of p53 signaling and lead to the p53-mediated induction of tumor cell apoptosis. HDM2, a zinc finger protein and a negative regulator of the p53 pathway, is often overexpressed in cancer cells. It has been implicated in cancer cell proliferation and survival."]], ["5-Chloro-4-((1-(5-chloro-2-pyrimidinyl)-4-piperidinyl)oxy)-1-(2-fluoro-4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-2(1H)-pyridinone", "CS(=O)(=O)C1=CC(=C(C=C1)N2C=C(C(=CC2=O)OC3CCN(CC3)C4=NC=C(C=N4)Cl)Cl)F", ["BMS-903452 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Diabetes."]], ["Formoterol fumarate", "C[C@H](CC1=CC=C(C=C1)OC)NC[C@@H](C2=CC(=C(C=C2)O)NC=O)O.C[C@H](CC1=CC=C(C=C1)OC)NC[C@@H](C2=CC(=C(C=C2)O)NC=O)O.C(=C/C(=O)O)\\C(=O)O", ["Arformoterol fumarate is a fumarate salt prepared from arformoterol by reaction of one molecule of fumaric acid for every two molecules of arformoterol. It has a role as a beta-adrenergic agonist and a bronchodilator agent. It contains an arformoterol(1+). It is an enantiomer of a (S,S)-formoterol fumarate.", "Formoterol Fumarate is the fumarate salt form of formoterol, a long-acting and selective sympathomimetic beta-receptor agonist with bronchodilator activity. Formoterol fumarate binds beta 2 adrenergic receptors in bronchial smooth muscle and stimulates intracellular adenyl cyclase, thereby increasing the production of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). Increased cAMP levels cause relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle, improve mucociliary clearance and reduce mediator substance release in inflammatory cells, especially from mast cells. (NCI05)", "An ADRENERGIC BETA-2 RECEPTOR AGONIST with a prolonged duration of action. It is used to manage ASTHMA and in the treatment of CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE."]], ["Lysylpyridinoline", "C1=C(C(=C(C=[N+]1CCCC[C@@H](C(=O)O)N)O)C[C@@H](C(=O)O)N)CC[C@@H](C(=O)[O-])N", ["Deoxypyridinoline is an organonitrogen compound and an organooxygen compound. It is functionally related to an alpha-amino acid."]], ["Chondroitin", "CC(=O)N[C@H]1[C@H]([C@H]([C@H](O[C@H]1O)CO)O)OC2[C@@H]([C@@H](C=C(O2)C(=O)O)O)O", ["A mucopolysaccharide constituent of chondrin. (Grant and Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)"]], ["CID 53477736", "CC[C@H]1[C@@]([C@@H]([C@@H](N(C[C@H](C[C@]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](C(=O)O1)C)O[C@@H]2C[C@]([C@@H]([C@H](O2)C)O)(C)OC)C)O[C@@H]3[C@H]([C@@H](C[C@@H](O3)C)N(C)C)O)(C)O)C)C)C)O)(C)O", ["Azythromycin is an aminoglycoside.", "A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic structurally related to ERYTHROMYCIN. It has been used in the treatment of Mycobacterium avium intracellulare infections, toxoplasmosis, and cryptosporidiosis."]], ["Hesperetin-rutinoside", "C[C@H]1[C@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@H](O1)OC[C@@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](C(O2)OC3=CC(=C4C(=O)C[C@H](OC4=C3)C5=CC(=C(C=C5)OC)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O", ["Hesperidine is a natural product found in Aster souliei with data available.", "A flavanone glycoside found in CITRUS fruit peels."]], ["Trihexosylceramide (d18:1/12:0)", "CCCCCCCCCCCCC/C=C/[C@H]([C@H](CO[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O1)CO)O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@H](O2)CO)O[C@@H]3[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@H](O3)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)NC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC)O", ["N-[(2S,3R,4E)-1-{[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-5-{[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6R)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-{[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}oxan-2-yl]oxy}-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-3-hydroxyoctadec-4-en-2-yl]dodecanimidic acid is a glycosylceramide."]], ["Tetradecanoylcarnitine", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](CC(=O)[O-])C[N+](C)(C)C", ["O-tetradecanoyl-L-carnitine is an O-acyl-L-carnitine in which the acyl group is specified as myristoyl (tetradecanoyl). It has a role as a human metabolite. It is an O-tetradecanoylcarnitine and a saturated fatty acyl-L-carnitine.", "Tetradecanoylcarnitine is a natural product found in Homo sapiens and Bos taurus with data available.", "Tetradecanoylcarnitine is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(14:0/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CC", ["PC(14:0/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.", "PC(14:0/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["1-tetradecanoyl-2-(13Z-docosenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCC", ["PC(14:0/22:1(13Z)) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.", "PC(14:0/22:1(13Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(14:0/22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCC", ["PC(14:0/22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.", "PC(14:0/22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)) is a natural product found in Lysiphlebia japonica and Aphis gossypii with data available.", "PC(14:0/22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(14:0/22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CC", ["PC(14:0/22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.", "PC(14:0/22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["1-Myristoyl-2-(1-enyl-palmitoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCC/C=C\\OC(COC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["PC(14:0/P-16:0) is a diglyceride."]], ["1-Myristoyl-2-(1-enyl-vaccenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)O/C=C\\CCCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCC", ["PC(14:0/P-18:1(11Z)) is a glycerophosphocholine.", "PC(14:0/P-18:1(11Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["1-Myristoyl-2-(1-enyl-oleoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)O/C=C\\CCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCC", ["PC(14:0/P-18:1(9Z)) is a glycerophosphocholine.", "PC(14:0/P-18:1(9Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["1-Myristoleoyl-2-vaccenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine", "CCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["PC(14:1(9Z)/18:1(11Z)) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine."]], ["PC(14:1(9Z)/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z))", "CCCCCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCC(=O)O[C@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["PC(14:1(9Z)/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.", "PC(14:1(9Z)/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(14:1(9Z)/22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))", "CCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCC(=O)O[C@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["PC(14:1(9Z)/22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.", "PC(14:1(9Z)/22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(14:1(9Z)/22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))", "CCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CC", ["PC(14:1(9Z)/22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.", "PC(14:1(9Z)/22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["1-Myristoleoyl-2-(1-enyl-stearoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC/C=C\\OC(COC(=O)CCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["PC(14:1(9Z)/P-18:0) is a glycerophosphocholine.", "PC(14:1(9Z)/P-18:0) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["1-Palmitoyl-2-(1-enyl-vaccenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)O/C=C\\CCCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCC", ["PC(16:0/P-18:1(11Z)) is a glycerophosphocholine.", "PC(16:0/P-18:1(11Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["1-Palmitoyl-2-(1-enyl-oleoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)O/C=C\\CCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCC", ["PC(16:0/P-18:1(9Z)) is a glycerophosphocholine.", "PC(16:0/P-18:1(9Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(16:1(9Z)/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))", "CCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CC", ["PC(16:1(9Z)/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.", "PC(16:1(9Z)/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(16:1(9Z)/22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))", "CCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCC", ["PC(16:1(9Z)/22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.", "PC(16:1(9Z)/22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(16:1(9Z)/22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))", "CCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CC", ["PC(16:1(9Z)/22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.", "PC(16:1(9Z)/22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["1-Palmitoleoyl-2-(1-enyl-palmitoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCC/C=C\\OC(COC(=O)CCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["PC(16:1(9Z)/P-16:0) is a glycerophosphocholine.", "PC(16:1(9Z)/P-16:0) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["1-Palmitoleoyl-2-(1-enyl-stearoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC/C=C\\OC(COC(=O)CCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["PC(16:1(9Z)/P-18:0) is a glycerophosphocholine.", "PC(16:1(9Z)/P-18:0) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(16:1(9Z)/P-18:1(11Z))", "CCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCC/C=C\\OC(COC(=O)CCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["PC(16:1(9Z)/P-18:1(11Z)) is a glycerophosphocholine.", "PC(16:1(9Z)/P-18:1(11Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(16:1(9Z)/P-18:1(9Z))", "CCCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCC/C=C\\OC(COC(=O)CCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["PC(16:1(9Z)/P-18:1(9Z)) is a glycerophosphocholine.", "PC(16:1(9Z)/P-18:1(9Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["1-Stearoyl-2-(1-enyl-vaccenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)O/C=C\\CCCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCC", ["PC(18:0/P-18:1(11Z)) is a glycerophosphocholine.", "PC(18:0/P-18:1(11Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["1-Stearoyl-2-(1-enyl-oleoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)O/C=C\\CCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCC", ["PC(18:0/P-18:1(9Z)) is a glycerophosphocholine.", "PC(18:0/P-18:1(9Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["1-(11Z-octadecenoyl)-2-tetradecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["PC(18:1(11Z)/14:0) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.", "PC(18:1(11Z)/14:0) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["1-Vaccenoyl-2-myristoleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine", "CCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCC", ["PC(18:1(11Z)/14:1(9Z)) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine."]], ["1-(11Z-octadecenoyl)-2-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["PC(18:1(11Z)/16:0) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.", "PC(18:1(11Z)/16:0) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["1-(11Z-octadecenoyl)-2-(9Z-hexadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine", "CCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCC", ["PC(18:1(11Z)/16:1(9Z)) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.", "PC(18:1(11Z)/16:1(9Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(18:1(11Z)/18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z))", "CCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CC", ["PC(18:1(11Z)/18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.", "PC(18:1(11Z)/18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(18:1(11Z)/20:2(11Z,14Z))", "CCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCC", ["PC(18:1(11Z)/20:2(11Z,14Z)) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.", "PC(18:1(11Z)/20:2(11Z,14Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["1-(11Z-octadecenoyl)-2-tetracosanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["PC(18:1(11Z)/24:0) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.", "PC(18:1(11Z)/24:0) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["1-Vaccenoyl-2-(1-enyl-palmitoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCC/C=C\\OC(COC(=O)CCCCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["PC(18:1(11Z)/P-16:0) is a glycerophosphocholine.", "PC(18:1(11Z)/P-16:0) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["1-Vaccenoyl-2-(1-enyl-stearoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC/C=C\\OC(COC(=O)CCCCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["PC(18:1(11Z)/P-18:0) is a glycerophosphocholine.", "PC(18:1(11Z)/P-18:0) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(18:1(9Z)/22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))", "CCCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCC", ["PC(18:1(9Z)/22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine."]], ["1-Oleoyl-2-docosapentaenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine", "CCCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CC", ["1-[(9Z)-octadecenoyl]-2-[(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosapentaenoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is a phosphatidylcholine 40:6 in which the acyl groups specified at positions 1 and 2 are (9Z)-octadecenoyl and (7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosapentaenoyl respectively. It is functionally related to a (7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosapentaenoic acid and an oleic acid."]], ["1-Oleoyl-2-(1-enyl-palmitoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCC/C=C\\OC(COC(=O)CCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["PC(18:1(9Z)/P-16:0) is a glycerophosphocholine.", "PC(18:1(9Z)/P-16:0) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["1-Oleoyl-2-(1-enyl-stearoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC/C=C\\OC(COC(=O)CCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["PC(18:1(9Z)/P-18:0) is a glycerophosphocholine.", "PC(18:1(9Z)/P-18:0) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(18:2(9Z,12Z)/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))", "CCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CC", ["PC(18:2(9Z,12Z)/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.", "PC(18:2(9Z,12Z)/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(18:2(9Z,12Z)/P-16:0)", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCC/C=C\\OC(COC(=O)CCCCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["PC(18:2(9Z,12Z)/P-16:0) is a glycerophosphocholine.", "PC(18:2(9Z,12Z)/P-16:0) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z))", "CCCCCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCC(=O)O[C@H](COC(=O)CCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["PC(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.", "PC(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/22:1(13Z))", "CCCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](COC(=O)CCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["PC(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/22:1(13Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/24:1(15Z))", "CCCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](COC(=O)CCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["1-[(6Z,9Z,12Z)-octadecatrienoyl]-2-[(15Z)-tetracosenoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is a phosphatidylcholine 42:4 in which the acyl groups specified at positions 1 and 2 are (6Z,9Z,12Z)-octadecatrienoyl and (15Z)-tetracosenoyl respectively. It is functionally related to a gamma-linolenic acid and a (15Z)-tetracosenoic acid.", "PC(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/24:1(15Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/P-16:0)", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCC/C=C\\OC(COC(=O)CCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["PC(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/P-16:0) is a glycerophosphocholine.", "PC(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/P-16:0) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z))", "CCCCCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCC(=O)O[C@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["PC(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.", "PC(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/22:1(13Z))", "CCCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["PC(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/22:1(13Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/24:1(15Z))", "CCCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["PC(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/24:1(15Z)) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.", "PC(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/24:1(15Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/P-16:0)", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCC/C=C\\OC(COC(=O)CCCCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["PC(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/P-16:0) is a glycerophosphocholine.", "PC(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/P-16:0) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)/18:1(11Z))", "CCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](COC(=O)CCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["PC(18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)/18:1(11Z)) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.", "PC(18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)/18:1(11Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)/24:0)", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](COC(=O)CCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["PC(18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)/24:0) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.", "PC(18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)/24:0) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)/24:1(15Z))", "CCCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](COC(=O)CCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["PC(18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)/24:1(15Z)) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine."]], ["PC(18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)/P-16:0)", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCC/C=C\\OC(COC(=O)CCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["PC(18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)/P-16:0) is a glycerophosphocholine.", "PC(18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)/P-16:0) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)/P-18:1(11Z))", "CCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCC/C=C\\OC(COC(=O)CCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["PC(18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)/P-18:1(11Z)) is a glycerophosphocholine.", "PC(18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)/P-18:1(11Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)/P-18:1(9Z))", "CCCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCC/C=C\\OC(COC(=O)CCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["PC(18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)/P-18:1(9Z)) is a glycerophosphocholine.", "PC(18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)/P-18:1(9Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(20:0/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CC", ["PC(20:0/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.", "PC(20:0/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(20:1(11Z)/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z))", "CCCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCCCCC", ["PC(20:1(11Z)/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["1-Eicosenoyl-2-(1-enyl-palmitoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCC/C=C\\OC(COC(=O)CCCCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["PC(20:1(11Z)/P-16:0) is a glycerophosphocholine.", "PC(20:1(11Z)/P-16:0) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(20:2(11Z,14Z)/18:1(11Z))", "CCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["PC(20:2(11Z,14Z)/18:1(11Z)) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.", "PC(20:2(11Z,14Z)/18:1(11Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(20:2(11Z,14Z)/P-18:1(11Z))", "CCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCC/C=C\\OC(COC(=O)CCCCCCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["PC(20:2(11Z,14Z)/P-18:1(11Z)) is a glycerophosphocholine.", "PC(20:2(11Z,14Z)/P-18:1(11Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(20:2(11Z,14Z)/P-18:1(9Z))", "CCCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCC/C=C\\OC(COC(=O)CCCCCCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["PC(20:2(11Z,14Z)/P-18:1(9Z)) is a glycerophosphocholine.", "PC(20:2(11Z,14Z)/P-18:1(9Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)/14:0)", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](COC(=O)CCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCCCCC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["PC(20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)/14:0) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.", "PC(20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)/14:0) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)/14:1(9Z))", "CCCCCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCC", ["PC(20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)/14:1(9Z)) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.", "PC(20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)/14:1(9Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)/18:0)", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](COC(=O)CCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCCCCC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["PC(20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)/18:0) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine and a PC(20:3/18:0).", "PC(20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)/18:0) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z))", "CCCCCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCC", ["PC(20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.", "PC(20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z))", "CCCCCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CC", ["PC(20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.", "PC(20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)/20:1(11Z))", "CCCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](COC(=O)CCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCCCCC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["PC(20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)/20:1(11Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)/22:1(13Z))", "CCCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](COC(=O)CCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCCCCC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["PC(20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)/22:1(13Z)) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.", "PC(20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)/22:1(13Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)/P-18:0)", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC/C=C\\OC(COC(=O)CCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCCCCC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["PC(20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)/P-18:0) is a glycerophosphocholine.", "PC(20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)/P-18:0) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)/22:1(13Z))", "CCCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](COC(=O)CCCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["PC(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)/22:1(13Z)) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.", "PC(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)/22:1(13Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)/P-18:0)", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC/C=C\\OC(COC(=O)CCCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["PC(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)/P-18:0) is a glycerophosphocholine.", "PC(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)/P-18:0) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/14:0)", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](COC(=O)CCCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["PC(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/14:0) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.", "PC(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/14:0) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/16:1(9Z))", "CCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](COC(=O)CCCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["PC(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/16:1(9Z)) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.", "PC(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/16:1(9Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))", "CCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](COC(=O)CCCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["PC(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z)) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.", "PC(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/20:0)", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](COC(=O)CCCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["PC(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/20:0) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/22:0)", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](COC(=O)CCCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["PC(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/22:0) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.", "PC(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/22:0) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/18:1(11Z))", "CCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](COC(=O)CCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["PC(20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/18:1(11Z)) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.", "PC(20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/18:1(11Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/P-16:0)", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCC/C=C\\OC(COC(=O)CCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["PC(20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/P-16:0) is a glycerophosphocholine.", "PC(20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/P-16:0) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/P-18:1(11Z))", "CCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCC/C=C\\OC(COC(=O)CCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["PC(20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/P-18:1(11Z)) is a glycerophosphocholine.", "PC(20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/P-18:1(11Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/P-18:1(9Z))", "CCCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCC/C=C\\OC(COC(=O)CCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["PC(20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/P-18:1(9Z)) is a glycerophosphocholine.", "PC(20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/P-18:1(9Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(22:0/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CC", ["PC(22:0/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.", "PC(22:0/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["1-(13Z-docosenoyl)-2-tetradecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["PC(22:1(13Z)/14:0) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.", "PC(22:1(13Z)/14:0) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(22:1(13Z)/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z))", "CCCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCC", ["PC(22:1(13Z)/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["1-(13Z-docosenoyl)-2-(9Z,12Z,15Z-octadecatrienoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine", "CCCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CC", ["22:1-18:3-PC is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.", "PC(22:1(13Z)/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["1-(13Z-docosenoyl)-2-eicosanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["PC(22:1(13Z)/20:0) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.", "PC(22:1(13Z)/20:0) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(22:1(13Z)/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z))", "CCCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCCCCC", ["PC(22:1(13Z)/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.", "PC(22:1(13Z)/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(22:1(13Z)/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z))", "CCCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCC", ["PC(22:1(13Z)/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.", "PC(22:1(13Z)/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/P-18:0)", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC/C=C\\OC(COC(=O)CCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["PC(22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/P-18:0) is a diglyceride.", "PC(22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/P-18:0) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/14:0)", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](COC(=O)CC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["PC(22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/14:0) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.", "PC(22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/14:0) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/14:1(9Z))", "CCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCC", ["PC(22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/14:1(9Z)) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.", "PC(22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/14:1(9Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/16:1(9Z))", "CCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](COC(=O)CC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["PC(22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/16:1(9Z)) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine."]], ["PC(22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/18:1(9Z))", "CCCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](COC(=O)CC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["PC(22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/18:1(9Z)) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine."]], ["PC(22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/P-18:1(9Z))", "CCCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCC/C=C\\OC(COC(=O)CC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["PC(22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/P-18:1(9Z)) is a diglyceride."]], ["PC(22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/14:0)", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](COC(=O)CCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["PC(22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/14:0) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.", "PC(22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/14:0) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/14:1(9Z))", "CCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](COC(=O)CCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["PC(22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/14:1(9Z)) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.", "PC(22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/14:1(9Z)) is a natural product found in Lysiphlebia japonica and Aphis gossypii with data available.", "PC(22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/14:1(9Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/16:1(9Z))", "CCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](COC(=O)CCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["PC(22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/16:1(9Z)) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine."]], ["PC(22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/P-16:0)", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCC/C=C\\OC(COC(=O)CC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["PC(22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/P-16:0) is a glycerophosphocholine."]], ["PC(22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/P-18:0)", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC/C=C\\OC(COC(=O)CC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["PC(22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/P-18:0) is a diglyceride."]], ["1-tetracosanoyl-2-(11Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCC", ["PC(24:0/18:1(11Z)) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.", "PC(24:0/18:1(11Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(24:0/18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z))", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CC", ["PC(24:0/18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.", "PC(24:0/18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["1-Lignoceroyl-2-(1-enyl-vaccenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)O/C=C\\CCCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCC", ["PC(24:0/P-18:1(11Z)) is a glycerophosphocholine.", "PC(24:0/P-18:1(11Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["1-Lignoceroyl-2-(1-enyl-oleoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)O/C=C\\CCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCC", ["PC(24:0/P-18:1(9Z)) is a glycerophosphocholine.", "PC(24:0/P-18:1(9Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["1-(15Z-tetracosenoyl)-2-octadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["PC(24:1(15Z)/18:0) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.", "PC(24:1(15Z)/18:0) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(24:1(15Z)/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z))", "CCCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCC", ["PC(24:1(15Z)/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)) is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.", "PC(24:1(15Z)/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["1-Nervonoyl-2-(1-enyl-stearoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC/C=C\\OC(COC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["PC(24:1(15Z)/P-18:0) is a glycerophosphocholine.", "PC(24:1(15Z)/P-18:0) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["LysoPC(18:1(11Z))", "CCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)O", ["1-[(11Z)-octadecenoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is a lysophosphatidylcholine 18:1 in which the acyl group specified as position 1 is (11Z)-octadecenoyl. It is functionally related to a cis-vaccenic acid.", "LysoPC(18:1(11Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["LysoPC(20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z))", "CCCCCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)O", ["1-meadoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is a lysophosphatidylcholine 20:3 in which the acyl group at position 1 is (5Z,8Z,11Z)-icosatrienoyl (meadoyl) and the hydroxy group at position 2 is unsubstituted. It is a lysophosphatidylcholine 20:3 and a 1-O-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine. It is functionally related to a (5Z,8Z,11Z)-icosatrienoic acid.", "LysoPC(20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)) is a natural product found in Trypanosoma brucei with data available."]], ["LysoPC(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))", "CC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)O", ["1-[(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-icosatetraenoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is a lysophosphatidylcholine 20:4 in which the the acyl group at position 1 is specified as (8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-icosatetraenoyl. It is functionally related to an all-cis-8,11,14,17-icosatetraenoic acid.", "LysoPC(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["1-(1Z-hexadecenyl)-2-(11Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCC/C=C\\OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCC", ["PC(P-16:0/18:1(11Z)) is a glycerophosphocholine.", "PC(P-16:0/18:1(11Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(P-16:0/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z))", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCC/C=C\\OC[C@@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCC", ["PC(P-16:0/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)) is a glycerophosphocholine.", "PC(P-16:0/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["1-(1Z-octadecenyl)-2-(11Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC/C=C\\OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCC", ["PC(P-18:0/18:1(11Z)) is a glycerophosphocholine.", "PC(P-18:0/18:1(11Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(P-18:0/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z))", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC/C=C\\OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCCCCC", ["PC(P-18:0/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)) is a glycerophosphocholine.", "PC(P-18:0/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["1-(1Z-octadecenyl)-2-(15Z-tetracosenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC/C=C\\OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCC", ["PC(P-18:0/24:1(15Z)) is a glycerophosphocholine.", "PC(P-18:0/24:1(15Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["1-(1Z,11Z-octadecadienyl)-2-tetradecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](CO/C=C\\CCCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["PC(P-18:1(11Z)/14:0) is a glycerophosphocholine.", "PC(P-18:1(11Z)/14:0) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["1-(1-Enyl-vaccenoyl)-2-palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC(CO/C=C\\CCCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["PC(P-18:1(11Z)/16:0) is a glycerophosphocholine.", "PC(P-18:1(11Z)/16:0) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(P-18:1(11Z)/16:1(9Z))", "CCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCC/C=C\\OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCC", ["PC(P-18:1(11Z)/16:1(9Z)) is a glycerophosphocholine.", "PC(P-18:1(11Z)/16:1(9Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["1-(1Z,11Z-octadecadienyl)-2-octadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](CO/C=C\\CCCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["PC(P-18:1(11Z)/18:0) is a glycerophosphocholine.", "PC(P-18:1(11Z)/18:0) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(P-18:1(11Z)/18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z))", "CCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCC/C=C\\OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CC", ["PC(P-18:1(11Z)/18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)) is a glycerophosphocholine."]], ["PC(P-18:1(11Z)/20:2(11Z,14Z))", "CCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCC/C=C\\OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCC", ["PC(P-18:1(11Z)/20:2(11Z,14Z)) is a glycerophosphocholine.", "PC(P-18:1(11Z)/20:2(11Z,14Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(P-18:1(11Z)/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))", "CCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCC/C=C\\OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CC", ["PC(P-18:1(11Z)/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)) is a glycerophosphocholine."]], ["PC(P-18:1(11Z)/22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))", "CCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCC/C=C\\OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCC", ["PC(P-18:1(11Z)/22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)) is a 1-(alk-1-enyl)-2-acyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine."]], ["1-(1Z,11Z-octadecadienyl)-2-tetracosanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](CO/C=C\\CCCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["PC(P-18:1(11Z)/24:0) is a glycerophosphocholine.", "PC(P-18:1(11Z)/24:0) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["1-(1-Enyl-oleoyl)-2-myristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC(CO/C=C\\CCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["PC(P-18:1(9Z)/14:0) is a glycerophosphocholine.", "PC(P-18:1(9Z)/14:0) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(P-18:1(9Z)/14:1(9Z))", "CCCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCC/C=C\\OCC(COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCC", ["PC(P-18:1(9Z)/14:1(9Z)) is a 1-(alk-1-enyl)-2-acyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine."]], ["1-(1Z,9Z-octadecadienyl)-2-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](CO/C=C\\CCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["PC(P-18:1(9Z)/16:0) is a glycerophosphocholine.", "PC(P-18:1(9Z)/16:0) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(P-18:1(9Z)/16:1(9Z))", "CCCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCC/C=C\\OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCC", ["PC(P-18:1(9Z)/16:1(9Z)) is a glycerophosphocholine.", "PC(P-18:1(9Z)/16:1(9Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["1-(1Z,9Z-octadecadienyl)-2-octadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](CO/C=C\\CCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["PC(P-18:1(9Z)/18:0) is a glycerophosphocholine.", "PC(P-18:1(9Z)/18:0) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(P-18:1(9Z)/18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z))", "CCCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCC/C=C\\OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CC", ["PC(P-18:1(9Z)/18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)) is a glycerophosphocholine."]], ["PC(P-18:1(9Z)/20:2(11Z,14Z))", "CCCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCC/C=C\\OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCC", ["PC(P-18:1(9Z)/20:2(11Z,14Z)) is a glycerophosphocholine."]], ["PC(P-18:1(9Z)/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))", "CCCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCC/C=C\\OCC(COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CC", ["PC(P-18:1(9Z)/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)) is a glycerophosphocholine."]], ["PC(P-18:1(9Z)/22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))", "CCCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCC/C=C\\OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCC", ["PC(P-18:1(9Z)/22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)) is a PC(P-18:1_22:5)."]], ["PC(P-18:1(9Z)/22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))", "CCCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCC/C=C\\OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CC", ["PC(P-18:1(9Z)/22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)) is a PC(P-18:1_22:5)."]], ["1-(1Z,9Z-octadecadienyl)-2-tetracosanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](CO/C=C\\CCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["PC(P-18:1(9Z)/24:0) is a glycerophosphocholine.", "PC(P-18:1(9Z)/24:0) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["Hydroxypropionylcarnitine", "C[N+](C)(C)C[C@H](CC(=O)[O-])OC(=O)CCO", ["CAR(3:0(OH)) is an O-acylcarnitine."]], ["trans-2-Dodecenoylcarnitine", "CCCCCCCCC/C=C/C(=O)O[C@@H](CCC(=O)[O-])[N+](C)(C)C", ["Trans-2-Dodecenoylcarnitine is a fatty acid ester."]], ["PC(o-18:1(11Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))", "CCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCCCCOC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCC", ["PC(o-18:1(11Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z)) is a glycerophosphocholine.", "PC(o-18:1(11Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["1-(9Z-octadecenyl)-2-tetracosanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](COCCCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["PC(o-18:1(9Z)/24:0) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(o-18:2(9Z,12Z)/24:0)", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](COCCCCCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCC)COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C", ["PC(o-18:2(9Z,12Z)/24:0) is a glycerophosphocholine.", "PC(o-18:2(9Z,12Z)/24:0) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(o-20:1(11Z)/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))", "CCCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCCCCOC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCC", ["PC(o-20:1(11Z)/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)) is a glycerophosphocholine.", "PC(o-20:1(11Z)/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(o-22:0/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z))", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CC", ["PC(o-22:0/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)) is a glycerophosphocholine and a 1-(1,2-saturated-acyl)-2-acyl-sn-glycerolipid.", "PC(o-22:0/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["1-docosyl-2-(11Z-eicosenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCC", ["PC(o-22:0/20:1(11Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(o-22:0/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCC", ["PC(o-22:0/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)) is a 1-alkyl-2-acyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine."]], ["PC(o-22:1(13Z)/22:3(10Z,13Z,16Z))", "CCCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCCCCCCOC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCC", ["PC(o-22:1(13Z)/22:3(10Z,13Z,16Z)) is a glycerophosphocholine.", "PC(o-22:1(13Z)/22:3(10Z,13Z,16Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(o-22:2(13Z,16Z)/22:2(13Z,16Z))", "CCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCCCCCCCCCOC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCC", ["PC(o-22:2(13Z,16Z)/22:2(13Z,16Z)) is a glycerophosphocholine.", "PC(o-22:2(13Z,16Z)/22:2(13Z,16Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(o-22:2(13Z,16Z)/22:3(10Z,13Z,16Z))", "CCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCCCCCCCCCOC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCC", ["PC(O-22:2(13Z,16Z)/22:3(10Z,13Z,16Z)) is a glycerophosphocholine and a PC(O-22:2/22:3).", "PC(o-22:2(13Z,16Z)/22:3(10Z,13Z,16Z)) is a natural product found in Bos taurus with data available.", "PC(o-22:2(13Z,16Z)/22:3(10Z,13Z,16Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(o-24:0/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z))", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCC", ["1-tetracosyl-2-[(6Z,9Z,12Z)-octadecatrienoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is a phosphatidylcholine O-42:3 in which teh alkyl and acyl groups specified at positions 1 and 2 are tetracosyl and (6Z,9Z,12Z)-octadecatrienoyl respectively. It is a phosphatidylcholine O-42:3 and a 2-acyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine. It is functionally related to a gamma-linolenic acid.", "PC(o-24:0/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["PC(o-24:0/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z))", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CC", ["PC(O-24:0/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)) is a glycerophosphocholine and a 1-(1,2-saturated-acyl)-2-acyl-sn-glycerolipid.", "PC(o-24:0/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["SM(d18:0/14:1(9Z)(OH))", "CCCCCCCCCCCCC/C=C/[C@H]([C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)NC(=O)CC(CCCCC/C=C\\CCCC)O)O", ["N-[(9Z)-3-hydroxytetradec-9-enoyl]sphingosine-1-phosphocholine is an N-hydroxytetradecenoylsphingosine-1-phosphocholine in which the N-acyl group is specified as (9Z)-3-hydroxytetradec-9-enoyl. It has a role as a human urinary metabolite."]], ["SM(d18:0/22:1(13Z)(OH))", "CCCCCCCCCCCCC/C=C/[C@H]([C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)NC(=O)CC(CCCCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCC)O)O", ["N-[(13Z)-3-hydroxydocos-13-enoyl]sphingosine-1-phosphocholine is an N-hydroxydocosenoylsphingosine-1-phosphocholine in which the N-acyl group is specified as (13Z)-3-hydroxydocos-13-enoyl. It has a role as a human urinary metabolite."]], ["Endotoxin", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](CCCCCCCCCCC)CC(=O)O[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@@H](O[C@@H]([C@H]1OP(=O)(O)O)CO[C@@]2(C[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O2)[C@H](CO)O)OC3[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O3)[C@H](CO)O)OP(=O)(O)OP(=O)(O)OCCN)OC4[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O4)[C@H](COC5[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O5)[C@H](CO)O)OP(=O)(O)O)O)O)O)O)OC6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO[C@@H]7[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@H](O7)CO)O)O)O)O)O[C@@H]8[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@H](O8)CO)O)O)OC9[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O9)CO)O)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@H](O1)CO[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O1)CO)O)O)NC(=O)C)O)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@H](O1)CO)O)O[C@@H]1[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@H](O1)CO[C@@H]1[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@H](O1)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O)NC(=O)C)NC(=O)C)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O1)CO)O)O)NC(=O)C)O)O)O)O[C@@]1(C[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O1)[C@H](CO)O)O)O[C@@]1(C[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O1)[C@H](CO)O)O)OP(=O)(O)OCCN)C(=O)O)C(=O)O)C(=O)O)OC[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](O1)OP(=O)(O)O)NC(=O)C[C@@H](CCCCCCCCCCC)O)OC(=O)C[C@@H](CCCCCCCCCCC)O)O)NC(=O)C[C@@H](CCCCCCCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC", ["LPS with O-antigen is a polysaccharide.", "Endotoxin is the lipopolysaccharide complexes that are part of the outer membrane of the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria such as E. coli, Salmonella, Shigella, Pseudomonas, Neisseria, Haemophilus, and other leading pathogens. Upon bacterial infections, the lipid component (Lipid A) of endotoxin contributes to its toxicity, while the polysaccharide components contribute to immunogenicity.", "Toxins closely associated with the living cytoplasm or cell wall of certain microorganisms, which do not readily diffuse into the culture medium, but are released upon lysis of the cells."]], ["(1R,12S,13R,14S,17S,18E,21R,23S,24R,25S,27R)-12-[(E)-1-[(1R,3R,4S)-4-chloro-3-methoxycyclohexyl]prop-1-en-2-yl]-17-ethyl-1,14-dihydroxy-23,25-dimethoxy-13,19,21,27-tetramethyl-11,28-dioxa-4-azatricyclo[22.3.1.04,9]octacos-18-ene-2,3,10,16-tetrone", "CC[C@H]1/C=C(/C[C@H](C[C@@H]([C@@H]2[C@H](C[C@H]([C@@](O2)(C(=O)C(=O)N3CCCCC3C(=O)O[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](CC1=O)O)C)/C(=C/[C@@H]4CC[C@@H]([C@@H](C4)OC)Cl)/C)O)C)OC)OC)C)\\C", ["Pimecrolimus is a 33-epi-chloro-derivative of the ascomycin macrolactam with immunosuppressant property. Pimecrolimus binds to the receptor macrophilin-12 (FKBP-12) forming a complex that blocks the calcium-dependent signal transduction cascade mediated by calcineurin. Via dephosphorylation, calcineurin is the enzyme responsible for activating nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NF-AT), a T cell transcriptional regulatory factor. As a consequence, the synthesis and release of Th1- (T helper 1) and Th2- (T helper 2) type cytokines, and other inflammatory mediators from T-cells and mast cells are blocked and the expression of signals essential for the activation of inflammatory T-lymphocytes is inhibited. However, pimecrolimus mode of action is cell-selective and does not affect Langerhans' cells/dendritic cells and primary fibroblasts."]], ["acetic acid;(1E)-2-[6-[[amino-[(Z)-[amino-(4-chloroanilino)methylidene]amino]methylidene]amino]hexyl]-1-[amino-(4-chloroanilino)methylidene]guanidine", "CC(=O)O.CC(=O)O.C1=CC(=CC=C1N/C(=N/C(=NCCCCCCN=C(N)/N=C(/N)\\NC2=CC=C(C=C2)Cl)N)/N)Cl", ["A disinfectant and topical anti-infective agent used also as mouthwash to prevent oral plaque."]], ["Danoprevir (RG7227)", "CC(C)(C)OC(=O)N[C@H]1CCCCC/C=C/[C@@H]2C[C@]2(NC(=O)[C@@H]3C[C@H](CN3C1=O)OC(=O)N4CC5=C(C4)C(=CC=C5)F)C(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C6CC6", ["Danoprevir is an orally bioavailable, peptidomimetic inhibitor of hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS3/4A protease, with antiviral activity against HCV and potential antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2. Upon oral administration, danoprevir binds to and blocks the activity of HCV NS3/4A protease. This prevents the cleavage and processing of HCV viral proteins leading to the inhibition of HCV replication. Danoprevir may also bind to and block of the activity of SARS-CoV-2 protease. This prevents the cleavage and processing of SARS-CoV-2 viral proteins leading to the inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 replication. NS3/4A, a chymotrypsin-like serine protease, is responsible for cleavage at four sites of the HCV polyprotein to form the viral proteins required for HCV replication. It plays a key role in the HCV viral replication process. HCV infection is associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A chymotrypsin-like protease is responsible for cleavage of the SARS-CoV-2 viral polyprotein to form the RNA replicase-transcriptase complex, which plays a key role in the SARS-CoV-2 viral transcription and replication process."]], ["Linerixibat", "CCCC[C@@]1(CS(=O)(=O)C2=C(C=C(C(=C2)CNC(CC(=O)O)CC(=O)O)OC)[C@H](N1)C3=CC=CC=C3)CC", ["GSK2330672 has been investigated for the treatment of Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2."]], ["2(1H)-Isoquinolinecarboxylic acid, 3,4-dihydro-6-[[[6-methoxy-4'-(trifluoromethyl)[1,1'-biphenyl]-2-yl]carbonyl]amino]-, phenyl ester", "COC1=CC=CC(=C1C2=CC=C(C=C2)C(F)(F)F)C(=O)NC3=CC4=C(CN(CC4)C(=O)OC5=CC=CC=C5)C=C3", ["SLx-4090 is a microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTTP) inhibitor potentially for the treatment of type 2 diabetes."]], ["2-Hydroxyoctadec-9-enoic acid", "CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(C(=O)O)O", ["Idroxioleic Acid is an orally bioavailable, synthetic analog of the fatty acid oleic acid, with potential antitumor activity. Upon administration,idroxioleic acid activates sphingomyelin synthase (SMS), thereby increasing the concentration of sphingomyelin (SM) and diacylglycerol (DAG) in the tumor cell membrane and decreasing membrane levels of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylcholine (PC). This restores the normal, healthy levels and ratios of membrane lipids. By restoring normal membrane lipid structure and composition, this agent inhibits membrane-protein associated signaling and the aberrant activity of signaling pathways in certain tumor cells, including the Ras/MAPK and PI3K/AKt pathways. This inhibits tumor cell proliferation, induces tumor cell differentiation, and eventually can cause cell death."]], ["1-propan-2-yloxycarbonyloxyethyl (6S)-7-[[2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-methoxyiminoacetyl]amino]-3-(methoxymethyl)-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate", "CC(C)OC(=O)OC(C)OC(=O)C1=C(CS[C@@H]2N1C(=O)C2NC(=O)C(=NOC)C3=CSC(=N3)N)COC", ["Cefpodoxime Proxetil is a third generation semi-synthetic cephalosporin and a beta-lactam antibiotic with bactericidal activity. Cefpodoxime's effect is dependent on its binding to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located in the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane. Binding results in the inhibition of the transpeptidase enzymes, thereby preventing cross-linking of the pentaglycine bridge with the fourth residue of the pentapeptide and interrupting consequent synthesis of peptidoglycan chains. As a result, cefpodoxime inhibits bacterial septum and cell wall synthesis formation."]], ["CID 54172484", "CC.CC.CC.CC.CC", ["Powdered exudate from Astragalus gummifer and related plants. It forms gelatinous mass in water. Tragacanth is used as suspending agent, excipient or emulsifier in foods, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. It has also been used as a bulk-forming laxative."]], ["Benzamide, 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxy-N-((1-(3-(1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)propyl)-4-piperidinyl)methyl)-", "COC1=CC(=C(C=C1C(=O)NCC2CCN(CC2)CCCN3C=CN=N3)Cl)N", ["DA-6886 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Irritable Bowel Syndrome."]], ["Fimepinostat", "CN(CC1=CC2=C(S1)C(=NC(=N2)C3=CN=C(C=C3)OC)N4CCOCC4)C5=NC=C(C=N5)C(=O)NO", ["Fimepinostat (CUDC-907) has been used in trials studying the treatment of lymphoma, solid tumors, breast cancer, multiple myeloma, and NUT midline carcinoma, among others.", "Fimepinostat is an orally bioavailable inhibitor of both phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) class I and pan histone deacetylase (HDAC) enzymes, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, fimepinostat inhibits the activity of both PI3K class I isoforms and HDAC, thereby preventing the activation of the PI3K-AKT-mTOR signal transduction pathway that is often overactivated in many cancer cell types. This may prevent growth of PI3K and/or HDAC-expressing tumor cells. CUDC-907 shows an increased inhibition of tumor cell growth and induction of apoptosis when compared to inhibitors that target either PI3K or HDAC."]], ["6-Phenyl-4-pyridin-4-yl-3-(4-pyrimidin-2-ylpiperazin-1-yl)pyridazine", "C1CN(CCN1C2=NN=C(C=C2C3=CC=NC=C3)C4=CC=CC=C4)C5=NC=CC=N5", ["TT301 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Traumatic Brain Injury."]], ["Altiratinib", "C1CC1C(=O)NC2=NC=CC(=C2)OC3=C(C=C(C(=C3)F)NC(=O)C4(CC4)C(=O)NC5=CC=C(C=C5)F)F", ["Altiratinib is an orally bioavailable inhibitor of c-Met/hepatocyte growth factor receptor (HGFR), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor type 2 (VEGFR2), Tie2 receptor tyrosine kinase (TIE2), and tropomyosin receptor kinase (Trk), with potential antiangiogenic and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, altiratinib selectively binds to c-Met, VEGFR2, Tie2 and Trk tyrosine kinases, which may lead to the inhibition of endothelial cell migration, proliferation and survival. This also results in both an inhibition of tumor cell proliferation and increased tumor cell death in c-Met/VEGFR2/Tie2/Trk-expressing cells. These receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), frequently overexpressed or mutated by a variety of tumor cell types, play crucial roles in the regulation of angiogenesis, tumor cell growth and survival."]], ["(1S,5R,6R,7S,9S,11R,12S,13S,14S)-3-amino-14-(hydroxymethyl)-8,10-dioxa-2,4-diazatetracyclo[7.3.1.17,11.01,6]tetradec-3-ene-5,9,12,13,14-pentol", "C([C@@]1([C@@H]2[C@@H]3[C@H](N=C(N[C@]34[C@@H]([C@H]1O[C@]([C@H]4O)(O2)O)O)N)O)O)O", ["Tetrodotoxin is a neurotoxin with potential analgesic activity. Tetrodotoxin binds to the pores of fast voltage-gated fast sodium channels in nerve cell membranes, inhibiting nerve action potentials and blocking nerve transmission. Although found in various species of fish (such as the pufferfish), newts, frogs, flatworms, and crabs, tetrodotoxin, for which there is no known antidote, is actually produced by bacteria such as Vibrio alginolyticus, Pseudoalteromonas tetraodonis, and other vibrio and pseudomonas bacterial species.", "An aminoperhydroquinazoline poison found mainly in the liver and ovaries of fishes in the order TETRAODONTIFORMES, which are eaten. The toxin causes paresthesia and paralysis through interference with neuromuscular conduction."]], ["Butanedioic acid,3-dihydroxy-[R-(R*,R*)]-, copper(2+) salt (1:1)", "C(C(C(=O)O)O)(C(=O)O)O.[Cu+2]", ["Cupric tartrate appears as a green to blue odorless powder. Insoluble in water. The primary hazard is the threat to the environment. Immediate steps should be taken to limit its spread to the environment. It is noncombustible. Used for electroplating metals."]], ["Solanine, hydrochloride", "CC1CCC2C(C3C(N2C1)CC4C3(CCC5C4CC=C6C5(CCC(C6)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)CO)O)O)O)OC9C(C(C(C(O9)C)O)O)O)C)C)C.Cl", ["A mixture of alpha-chaconine and alpha-solanine, found in SOLANACEAE plants."]], ["Blenoxane (TN) (Bristol Meyers)", "CC1=C(N=C(N=C1N)[C@H](CC(=O)N)NC[C@@H](C(=O)N)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C2=CN=CN2)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)OC(=O)N)O)C(=O)N[C@H](C)[C@H]([C@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)NCCC5=NC(=CS5)C6=NC(=CS6)C(=O)NCCC[S+](C)C)O.OS(=O)(=O)[O-]", ["Bleomycin Sulfate is a mixture of the sulfate salts of basic glycopeptide antineoplastic antibiotics isolated from Streptomyces verticillus. Bleomycin sulfate forms complexes with iron that reduce molecular oxygen to superoxide and hydroxyl radicals which cause single- and double-stranded breaks in DNA; these reactive oxygen species also induce lipid peroxidation, carbohydrate oxidation, and alterations in prostaglandin synthesis and degradation.", "A complex of related glycopeptide antibiotics from Streptomyces verticillus consisting of bleomycin A2 and B2. It inhibits DNA metabolism and is used as an antineoplastic, especially for solid tumors."]], ["Celocurine", "C[N+](C)(C)CCOC(=O)CCC(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C.[I-]", ["A quaternary skeletal muscle relaxant usually used in the form of its bromide, chloride, or iodide. It is a depolarizing relaxant, acting in about 30 seconds and with a duration of effect averaging three to five minutes. Succinylcholine is used in surgical, anesthetic, and other procedures in which a brief period of muscle relaxation is called for."]], ["Zosuquidr.3hcl (ly335979)", "C1CN(CCN1C[C@H](COC2=CC=CC3=C2C=CC=N3)O)C4C5=CC=CC=C5[C@H]6[C@H](C6(F)F)C7=CC=CC=C47.Cl", ["Zosuquidar Trihydrochloride is a difluorocyclopropyl quinoline. Zosuquidar trihydrochloride binds with high affinity to P-glycoprotein and inhibits P-glycoprotein-mediated multidrug resistance (MDR). P-glycoprotein, encoded by the MDR-1 gene, is a member of the ATP-binding cassette superfamily of transmembrane transporters and prevents the intracellular accumulation of many natural product-derived cytotoxic agents. (NCI04)"]], ["Endoxifen hydrochloride", "CC/C(=C(\\C1=CC=C(C=C1)O)/C2=CC=C(C=C2)OCCNC)/C3=CC=CC=C3.Cl", ["Endoxifen Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt and the z (cis-) stereoisomer of endoxifen with potential antineoplastic activity. Endoxifen, the active metabolite of tamoxifen, competitively inhibits the binding of estradiol to estrogen receptors, thereby preventing the receptor from binding to the estrogen-response element on DNA and thus reducing DNA synthesis. Unlike tamoxifen, however, which relies on CYP2D6 activity for its conversion to the active metabolite endoxifen, the direct administration of endoxifen bypasses the CYP2D6 route. As CYP2D6 activity can vary widely among individuals due to genetic CYP2D6 polymorphisms, endoxifen is therefore theoretically more potent and more uniform in its bioavailability across patient populations."]], ["Ascorbic Acid", "C([C@@H]([C@@H]1C(=C(C(=O)O1)O)O)O)O", ["L-ascorbic acid is a white to very pale yellow crystalline powder with a pleasant sharp acidic taste. Almost odorless. (NTP, 1992)", "L-ascorbic acid is the L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid and conjugate acid of L-ascorbate. It has a role as a coenzyme, a flour treatment agent, a food antioxidant, a plant metabolite, a cofactor, a skin lightening agent and a geroprotector. It is an ascorbic acid and a vitamin C. It is a conjugate acid of a L-ascorbate. It is an enantiomer of a D-ascorbic acid.", "A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.", "Ascorbic acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).", "Ascorbic acid is a Vitamin C.", "Ascorbic Acid is a natural product found in Populus tremula, Rosa platyacantha, and other organisms with data available.", "Ascorbic Acid is a natural water-soluble vitamin (Vitamin C). Ascorbic acid is a potent reducing and antioxidant agent that functions in fighting bacterial infections, in detoxifying reactions, and in the formation of collagen in fibrous tissue, teeth, bones, connective tissue, skin, and capillaries. Found in citrus and other fruits, and in vegetables, vitamin C cannot be produced or stored by humans and must be obtained in the diet. (NCI04)", "A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.", "See also: D-ascorbic acid (related); Ascorbate (conjugate)."]], ["6H-Thieno(3,2-f)(1,2,4)triazolo(4,3-a)(1,4)diazepine-6-acetamide, 4-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,3,9-trimethyl-N-(3-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)propyl)-, (6S)-", "CC1=C(SC2=C1C(=N[C@H](C3=NN=C(N32)C)CC(=O)NCCCN4CCN(CC4)C)C5=CC=C(C=C5)Cl)C", ["RO-6870810 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02308761 (A Study of RO6870810/TEN-010 in Participants With Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Myelodysplastic Syndrome).", "BET Inhibitor RO6870810 is a small molecule inhibitor of the BET (Bromodomain and Extra-Terminal) family of bromodomain-containing proteins with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, the BET inhibitor RO6870810 binds to the acetylated lysine recognition motifs found in the bromodomain of BET proteins, which prevents the interaction between BET proteins and acetylated histones. This interaction disrupts chromatin remodeling and gene expression. Prevention of the expression of certain growth-promoting genes may lead to an inhibition of tumor cell growth. Characterized by a tandem repeat of bromodomains at the N-terminus, BET proteins, comprised of BRD2, BRD3, BRD4 and BRDT, are transcriptional regulators that play an important role during cellular development and growth."]], ["Raltegravir", "CC1=NN=C(O1)C(=O)NC(C)(C)C2=NC(=C(C(=O)N2C)O)C(=O)NCC3=CC=C(C=C3)F", ["Raltegravir is a pyrimidone that is pyrimidin-4(3H)-one in which the hydrogens at positions 2, 3, 5 and 6 are replaced by 2-[(5-methyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-carbonyl)amino]propan-2-yl, methyl, hydroxy, and N-[(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]aminoacyl groups, respectively. It is an antiretroviral drug used for treatment of HIV infection. It has a role as an antiviral drug and a HIV-1 integrase inhibitor. It is a 1,2,4-oxadiazole, a dicarboxylic acid amide, a member of monofluorobenzenes, a pyrimidone, a hydroxypyrimidine and a secondary carboxamide.", "Raltegravir is an antiretroviral drug produced by Merck & Co., used to treat HIV infection. It received approval by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on 12 October 2007, the first of a new class of HIV drugs, the integrase inhibitors, to receive such approval.", "Raltegravir is a Human Immunodeficiency Virus Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitor. The mechanism of action of raltegravir is as a HIV Integrase Inhibitor.", "Raltegravir is an integrase inhibitor, the first of the class of antiviral agents active against the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) that targets the viral integrase. Raltegravir is used in combination with other antiretroviral agents in the treatment of HIV infection. Raltegravir has not been linked convincingly to serum aminotransferase elevations during therapy or to episodes of acute, clinically apparent liver injury.", "Raltegravir is a natural product found in Stachybotrys chartarum with data available.", "Raltegravir is a small molecule with activity against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Raltegravir is an integrase inhibitor that blocks the integration of the viral genome into the host DNA, a critical step in the pathogenesis of HIV.", "A pyrrolidinone derivative and HIV INTEGRASE INHIBITOR that is used in combination with other ANTI-HIV AGENTS for the treatment of HIV INFECTION."]], ["Cyclosam", "C1CN(CCN(CCN(CCN1CP(=O)(O)O)CP(=O)(O)[O-])CP(=O)(O)[O-])CP(=O)(O)[O-].[153Sm+3]", ["Samarium Sm 153-DOTMP is a radioconjugate composed of the phosphonic acid chelator DOTMP (1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetramethylenephosphonic acid) conjugated to the beta- and gamma-emitting radioisotope samarium Sm 153, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration of samarium Sm 153-DOTMP, the DOTMP moiety targets and binds to growing bone, thereby selectively delivering samarium Sm 153-mediated cytotoxic radiation to bone tumor and metastases, which may help destroy bone metastases and mitigate pain from bone metastases."]], ["Chlortetracycline", "C[C@@]1([C@H]2C[C@H]3[C@@H](C(=O)C(=C([C@]3(C(=O)C2=C(C4=C(C=CC(=C41)Cl)O)O)O)O)C(=O)N)N(C)C)O", ["Chlortetracycline is a member of the class of tetracyclines with formula C22H23ClN2O8 isolated from Streptomyces aureofaciens. It has a role as an antiprotozoal drug, a fluorescent probe, a calcium ionophore and an antibacterial drug. It is a member of monochlorobenzenes, a tertiary amino compound, a tertiary alcohol, a monocarboxylic acid amide, a tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone and a member of tetracyclines. It is a conjugate acid of a chlortetracycline(1-).", "Chlortetracycline is a tetracycline antibiotic, and historically the first member of this class to be identified. It was discovered in 1945 by the scientist, Benjamin Minge Duggar, working at Lederle Laboratories under the supervision of Yellapragada Subbarow. He discovered that this antibiotic was the product of an actinomycete strain he cultured and obtained from a soil sample from a field in Missouri. The organism was named Streptomyces aureofaciens due to its gold-hued color.", "A TETRACYCLINE with a 7-chloro substitution."]], ["Methacycline", "CN(C)[C@H]1[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@@H]3C(=C)C4=C(C(=CC=C4)O)C(=C3C(=O)[C@@]2(C(=C(C1=O)C(=O)N)O)O)O)O", ["Methacycline is a tetracycline that is the 6-methylene analogue of oxytetracycline, obtained by formal dehydration at position 6. It has a role as an antibacterial drug. It is a member of tetracyclines, a tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone and a primary carboxamide.", "A broad-spectrum semisynthetic antibiotic related to tetracycline but excreted more slowly and maintaining effective blood levels for a more extended period.", "A broad-spectrum semisynthetic antibiotic related to TETRACYCLINE but excreted more slowly and maintaining effective blood levels for a more extended period."]], ["5-Aminosalicylate", "C1=CC(=C(C=C1N)C(=O)O)[O-]", ["Mesalaminate(1-) is a hydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of mesalamine, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group. It is a hydroxybenzoate and an aminobenzoate. It is functionally related to a salicylate. It is a conjugate base of a mesalamine.", "An anti-inflammatory agent, structurally related to the SALICYLATES, which is active in INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE. It is considered to be the active moiety of SULPHASALAZINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed)"]], ["Salicylate", "C1=CC=C(C(=C1)C(=O)O)[O-]", ["Salicylate is a monohydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of salicylic acid. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a conjugate base of a salicylic acid.", "The salts or esters of salicylic acids, or salicylate esters of an organic acid. Some of these have analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory activities by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis.", "See also: Salicylic Acid (conjugate)."]], ["Vanillate", "COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C(=O)O)[O-]", ["Vanillate is a methoxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of vanillic acid. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a methoxybenzoate and a monohydroxybenzoate. It is a conjugate base of a vanillic acid.", "A flavoring agent. It is the intermediate product in the two-step bioconversion of ferulic acid to vanillin. (J Biotechnol 1996;50(2-3):107-13)."]], ["Piroxicam", "CN1C(=C(C2=CC=CC=C2S1(=O)=O)O)C(=O)NC3=CC=CC=N3", ["Piroxicam is a monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-hydroxy-2-methyl-2H-1,2-benzothiazine-3-carboxylic acid 1,1-dioxide with the exocyclic nitrogen of 2-aminopyridine. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug of the oxicam class, it is used to relieve pain and works by preventing the production of endogenous prostaglandins involved in the mediation of pain, stiffness, tenderness and swelling. It has a role as an analgesic, a cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, an EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor and an antirheumatic drug. It is a benzothiazine, a member of pyridines and a monocarboxylic acid amide.", "A cyclooxygenase inhibiting, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that is well established in treating rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis and used for musculoskeletal disorders, dysmenorrhea, and postoperative pain. Its long half-life enables it to be administered once daily.", "Piroxicam is a Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug. The mechanism of action of piroxicam is as a Cyclooxygenase Inhibitor.", "Piroxicam is a commonly used nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID) that is available by prescription only and is used in therapy of chronic arthritis. Piroxicam can cause mild serum aminotransferase elevations and, in rare instances, leads to clinically apparent acute liver injury that can be severe and even fatal.", "Piroxicam is a nonsteroidal oxicam derivative with anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic properties. As a non-selective, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), piroxicam binds and chelates both isoforms of cyclooxygenases (COX1 and COX2), thereby stalling phospholipase A2 activity and conversion of arachidonic acid into prostaglandin precursors at the rate limiting cyclooxygenase enzyme step. This results in inhibition of prostaglandin biosynthesis. As a second, independent effect, piroxicam inhibits the activation of neutrophils thereby contributing to its overall anti-inflammatory effects.", "A cyclooxygenase inhibiting, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that is well established in treating rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis and used for musculoskeletal disorders, dysmenorrhea, and postoperative pain. Its long half-life enables it to be administered once daily."]], ["Meclocycline sulfosalicylate", "CN(C)[C@H]1[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@@H]3C(=C)C4=C(C=CC(=C4C(=C3C(=O)[C@@]2(C(=C(C1=O)C(=O)N)O)O)O)O)Cl)O.C1=CC(=C(C=C1S(=O)(=O)O)C(=O)O)O", ["Meclocycline Sulfosalicylate is the sulfosalicylate salt form of meclocycline, a tetracycline antibiotic with broad-spectrum antibacterial and antiprotozoal activity. Meclocycline sulfosalicylate is bacteriostatic and inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit, thereby preventing the addition of amino acids to the growing peptide chain. This tetracycline is active against a wide range of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria."]], ["Meclocycline", "CN(C)[C@H]1[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@@H]3C(=C)C4=C(C=CC(=C4C(=C3C(=O)[C@@]2(C(=C(C1=O)C(=O)N)O)O)O)O)Cl)O", ["Meclocycline is a member of tetracyclines.", "Meclocycline is under investigation in clinical trial NCT00385515 (Efficacy of SNX-1012 in the Treatment of Oral Mucositis)."]], ["D-erythro-Hex-2-enonic acid, gamma-lactone", "C(C(C1C(=C(C(=O)O1)O)O)O)O", ["D-erythro-Hex-2-enonic acid, gamma-lactone is a natural product found in Pisum sativum and Hippophae with data available."]], ["3-Acetyl-4-hydroxy-6-methyl-2H-pyran-2-one", "CC1=CC(=C(C(=O)O1)C(=O)C)O", ["3-Acetyl-4-hydroxy-6-methyl-2H-pyran-2-one is a fungicide used against moulds on fresh and dried fruit. Now superseded."]], ["Incyclinide", "C1[C@@H]2CC3=C(C(=CC=C3)O)C(=C2C(=O)[C@]4([C@@H]1CC(=O)C(=C4O)C(=O)N)O)O", ["Incyclinide has been used in trials studying the treatment of HIV Infection, AIDS-related Kaposi Sarcoma, Brain and Central Nervous System Tumors, and Unspecified Adult Solid Tumor, Protocol Specific."]], ["Ascorbate", "C([C@@H]([C@@H]1C(=C(C(=O)O1)[O-])O)O)O", ["L-ascorbate is the L-enantiomer of ascorbate and conjugate base of L-ascorbic acid, arising from selective deprotonation of the 3-hydroxy group. Required for a range of essential metabolic reactions in all animals and plants. It has a role as a human metabolite, a Daphnia magna metabolite and a cofactor. It is an ascorbate and a vitamin C. It is a conjugate base of a L-ascorbic acid.", "See also: Ascorbic Acid (conjugate)."]], ["Clomocycline", "C[C@@]1([C@H]2C[C@H]3[C@@H](C(=O)C(=C([C@]3(C(=O)C2=C(C4=C(C=CC(=C41)Cl)O)O)O)O)C(=O)NCO)N(C)C)O", ["Clomocycline is tetracycline in which the hydrogen at position 7 is substituted by chlorine and a hydrogen attached to the amide nitrogen is substituted by a hydroxymethyl group. A tetracyline antibiotic, it is used to treat acne, urinary tract infections, gum disease, and other bacterial infections such as gonorrhoea and chlamydia. It has a role as an antimicrobial agent, an antibacterial drug, an antiprotozoal drug and a protein synthesis inhibitor. It is a member of tetracyclines and a tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone.", "Clomocycline is a tetracycline used to treat bacterial infections."]], ["Demeclocycline", "CN(C)[C@H]1[C@@H]2C[C@@H]3[C@@H](C4=C(C=CC(=C4C(=C3C(=O)[C@@]2(C(=C(C1=O)C(=O)N)O)O)O)O)Cl)O", ["Demeclocycline is tetracycline which lacks the methyl substituent at position 7 and in which the hydrogen para- to the phenolic hydroxy group is substituted by chlorine. Like tetracycline, it is an antibiotic, but being excreted more slowly, effective blood levels are maintained for longer. It is used (mainly as the hydrochloride) for the treatment of Lyme disease, acne and bronchitis, as well as for hyponatraemia (low blood sodium concentration) due to the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) where fluid restriction alone has been ineffective. It has a role as an antibacterial drug and a geroprotector.", "A tetracycline analog having a 7-chloro and a 6-methyl. Because it is excreted more slowly than tetracycline, it maintains effective blood levels for longer periods of time.", "Demeclocycline is a Tetracycline-class Antimicrobial.", "Demeclocycline is a semisynthetic tetracycline derived from Streptococcus aureofaciens that is used as an antibiotic, but perhaps more frequently as an inhibitor of arginine vasopressin in the therapy of hyponatremia and the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). While demeclocycline has not been linked specifically to liver injury in the published literature, it is an orally available semisynthetic tetracycline and is likely to cause injury similar to that described for tetracycline, oxytetracycline, and doxycycline. Because it is not commonly used, its potential for causing liver injury may not have been fully defined.", "Demeclocycline is a semi-synthetic, broad-spectrum naphthacene antibiotic produced by the bacterium Streptomyces aureofaciens. Demeclocycline binds to bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit and prevents binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to the mRNA-ribosome complex, thereby inhibiting protein synthesis. Demeclocycline also inhibits the effect of vasopressin on the renal tubules, thereby causing diuresis.", "A TETRACYCLINE analog having a 7-chloro and a 6-methyl. Because it is excreted more slowly than TETRACYCLINE, it maintains effective blood levels for longer periods of time."]], ["Bms-707035", "CN1C(=O)C(=C(N=C1N2CCCCS2(=O)=O)C(=O)NCC3=CC=C(C=C3)F)O", ["HIV Integrase Inhibitor is under investigation in clinical trial NCT00397566 (A Multiple Ascending Dose Study of BMS-707035 in HIV-1 Infected Subjects).", "HIV Integrase Inhibitor is an agent that blocks the activity of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) integrase enzyme."]], ["Choline magnesium trisalicylate", "C[N+](C)(C)CCO.C1=CC=C(C(=C1)C(=O)O)[O-].C1=CC=C(C(=C1)C(=O)O)[O-].C1=CC=C(C(=C1)C(=O)O)[O-].[Mg+2]", ["Choline magnesium trisalicylate is a non-acetylated salicylate used widely as a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Trisalicylate significantly reduces methotrexate renal clearance, displacing methotrexate from protein, increasing the fraction unbound by 28%.", "Choline Magnesium Trisalicylate is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) belonging to the salicylate family.  Choline magnesium trisalicylate inhibits inflammation-related prostaglandin synthesis. This agent's analgesic effect is mediated through peripheral and central pathways, resulting in a decrease in pain perception; its antipyretic effect is mediated via the hypothalamic heat regulation center. (NCI04)"]], ["Chlortetracycline hydrochloride", "C[C@@]1([C@H]2C[C@H]3[C@@H](C(=O)C(=C([C@]3(C(=O)C2=C(C4=C(C=CC(=C41)Cl)O)O)O)O)C(=O)N)N(C)C)O.Cl", ["Chlortetracycline Hydrochloride is a tetracycline with broad-spectrum antibacterial and antiprotozoal activity. Chlortetracycline hydrochloride is bacteriostatic and inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit, thereby preventing the addition of amino acids to the growing peptide chain. This tetracycline is active against a wide range of gram-positive and gram-negative organisms, spirochetes, rickettsial species, certain protozoa and Mycoplasma and Chlamydia organisms.", "A TETRACYCLINE with a 7-chloro substitution."]], ["Magnesium Ascorbate", "C([C@@H]([C@@H]1C(=C(C(=O)O1)[O-])O)O)O.C([C@@H]([C@@H]1C(=C(C(=O)O1)[O-])O)O)O.[Mg+2]", ["A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant."]], ["Tasquinimod", "CN1C2=C(C(=CC=C2)OC)C(=C(C1=O)C(=O)N(C)C3=CC=C(C=C3)C(F)(F)F)O", ["The quinoline-3-carboxamide anti-angiogenic agent, tasquinimod, enhances the anti-prostate cancer efficacy of androgen ablation and taxotere without effecting serum PSA directly in human xenografts", "Tasquinimod is a quinoline-3-carboxamide linomide analogue with antiangiogenic and potential antineoplastic activities. Tasquinimod has been shown to decrease blood vessel density but the exact mechanism of action is not known. This agent has also been shown to augment the antineoplastic effects of docetaxel and androgen ablation in a murine model of prostate cancer involving human prostate cancer xenografts."]], ["Chlortetracycline HCl", "C[C@@]1(C2C[C@H]3[C@@H](C(=O)C(=C([C@]3(C(=O)C2=C(C4=C(C=CC(=C41)Cl)O)O)O)O)C(=O)N)N(C)C)O.Cl", ["Chlortetracycline Hydrochloride is a tetracycline with broad-spectrum antibacterial and antiprotozoal activity. Chlortetracycline hydrochloride is bacteriostatic and inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit, thereby preventing the addition of amino acids to the growing peptide chain. This tetracycline is active against a wide range of gram-positive and gram-negative organisms, spirochetes, rickettsial species, certain protozoa and Mycoplasma and Chlamydia organisms.", "A TETRACYCLINE with a 7-chloro substitution."]], ["Magan", "C1=CC=C(C(=C1)C(=O)O)[O-].C1=CC=C(C(=C1)C(=O)O)[O-].[Mg+2]", ["Magnesium salicylate is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used to treat mild to moderate pain. It is available in several over-the-counter (OTC) formulations. Though the recommended doseage is 1160 mg every six hours, per package directions of the Doan's OTC brand (580 mg magnesium salicylate tetrahydrate, equivalent to 934.4 mg anhydrous magnesium salicylate), effective pain relief is often found with a half dosage, with reduced anti-inflammatory results."]], ["Paquinimod", "CCC1=C2C(=CC=C1)N(C(=O)C(=C2O)C(=O)N(CC)C3=CC=CC=C3)C", ["Paquinimod is developed for the treatment of SLE (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus), which is an autoimmune disease. The disease affects mainly women of fertile age and progresses in flares with relatively symptom free periods in between. Current treatments of SLE are NSAID (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs), corticosteroids, antimalarians or cytotoxic drugs like for example Cyclophosphamide. The autoimmune attack affects several different organ systems and many patients suffer from serious secondary disease symptoms such as renal disorders as the disease progresses."]], ["Methacycline hydrochloride", "CN(C)[C@H]1[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@@H]3C(=C)C4=C(C(=CC=C4)O)C(=C3C(=O)[C@@]2(C(=C(C1=O)C(=O)N)O)O)O)O.Cl", ["Methacycline hydrochloride is an organic molecular entity.", "Methacycline Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of methacycline, a tetracycline antibiotic with broad-spectrum antibacterial and antiprotozoal activity. Methacycline hydrochloride is bacteriostatic and inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit, thereby preventing the addition of amino acids to the growing peptide chain. This tetracycline is active against a wide range of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.", "A broad-spectrum semisynthetic antibiotic related to TETRACYCLINE but excreted more slowly and maintaining effective blood levels for a more extended period."]], ["Achromycin", "CC1(C2CC3C(C(=O)C(=C(C3(C(=O)C2=C(C4=C1C=CC=C4O)O)O)O)C(=O)N)N(C)C)O", ["Achromycin is a natural product found in Allium sativum with data available.", "A naphthacene antibiotic that inhibits AMINO ACYL TRNA binding during protein synthesis."]], ["Oxytetracycline calcium", "C[C@@]1([C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H]3[C@@H](C(=O)C(=C([C@]3(C(=O)C2=C(C4=C1C=CC=C4[O-])[O-])O)O)C(=O)N)N(C)C)O)O.[Ca+2]", ["A TETRACYCLINE analog isolated from the actinomycete STREPTOMYCES rimosus and used in a wide variety of clinical conditions."]], ["Demeclocycline hydrochloride", "CN(C)[C@H]1[C@@H]2C[C@@H]3[C@@H](C4=C(C=CC(=C4C(=C3C(=O)[C@@]2(C(=C(C1=O)C(=O)N)O)O)O)O)Cl)O.Cl", ["Demeclocycline hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt of demeclocycline. A tetracycline antibiotic, it is used (mainly as the hydrochloride) for the treatment of Lyme disease, acne and bronchitis, as well as for hyponatraemia (low blood sodium concentration) due to the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) where fluid restriction alone has been ineffective. It has a role as an antibacterial drug. It contains a demeclocycline.", "Demeclocycline Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt of demeclocycline, a broad-spectrum, tetracycline derivative exhibiting antimicrobial, aquaretic and chelating activities. In bacteria, demeclocycline binds reversibly to the 30S ribosomal subunit and blocks the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to the A-site of the mRNA-ribosome complex, resulting in the inhibition of protein synthesis and bacterial cell death. In mammals, this agent interferes with the action of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) at the level of the renal collecting tubule, resulting in aquaresis. In addition, demeclocycline, which like other tetracyclines chelates calcium in bone and exhibits a yellow fluorescence under ultraviolet (UV) light, may be used as a fluorescent bone-labeling agent in bone histomorphometry.", "A TETRACYCLINE analog having a 7-chloro and a 6-methyl. Because it is excreted more slowly than TETRACYCLINE, it maintains effective blood levels for longer periods of time."]], ["Manitimus", "C#CCC/C(=C(\\C#N)/C(=O)NC1=CC=C(C=C1)C(F)(F)F)/O", ["FK778, a novel compound with multiple mechanisms of action, is efficacious, well tolerated and safe in kidney transplant patients, potentially offering a breakthrough in immunosuppressive therapy."]], ["2-Naphthacenecarboxamide, 7-chloro-4-(dimethylamino)-1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a-octahydro-3,6,10,12,12a-pentahydroxy-6-methyl-1,11-dioxo-, hydrochloride", "C[C@@]1([C@H]2C[C@H]3C(C(=O)C(=C([C@]3(C(=O)C2=C(C4=C(C=CC(=C41)Cl)O)O)O)O)C(=O)N)N(C)C)O.Cl", ["Chlortetracycline Hydrochloride is a tetracycline with broad-spectrum antibacterial and antiprotozoal activity. Chlortetracycline hydrochloride is bacteriostatic and inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit, thereby preventing the addition of amino acids to the growing peptide chain. This tetracycline is active against a wide range of gram-positive and gram-negative organisms, spirochetes, rickettsial species, certain protozoa and Mycoplasma and Chlamydia organisms.", "A TETRACYCLINE with a 7-chloro substitution."]], ["(2S)-6-[[[(4S,4aS,6S,12aR)-4-(dimethylamino)-1,6,10,11,12a-pentahydroxy-6-methyl-3,12-dioxo-4,4a,5,5a-tetrahydrotetracene-2-carbonyl]amino]methylamino]-2-aminohexanoic acid", "C[C@@]1(C2C[C@H]3[C@@H](C(=O)C(=C([C@]3(C(=O)C2=C(C4=C1C=CC=C4O)O)O)O)C(=O)NCNCCCC[C@@H](C(=O)O)N)N(C)C)O", ["A semisynthetic antibiotic related to TETRACYCLINE. It is more readily absorbed than TETRACYCLINE and can be used in lower doses."]], ["Aminosalicylate sodium", "C1=CC(=C(C=C1N)[O-])C(=O)O", ["4-aminosalicylate(1-) is an aminobenzoate that is the conjugate base of 4-aminosalicylic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group. Major miscrospecies at pH 7.3. It is a hydroxybenzoate and an aminobenzoate. It is functionally related to a salicylate. It is a conjugate base of a 4-aminosalicylic acid.", "Aminosalicylate Sodium is the sodium salt form of aminosalicylic acid, an analog of para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) with antitubercular activity. Aminosalicylate sodium exerts its bacteriostatic activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis by competing with PABA for enzymes involved in folate synthesis, thereby suppressing growth and reproduction of M. tuberculosis, eventually leading to cell death."]], ["D-ascorbic acid", "C([C@H]([C@H]1C(=C(C(=O)O1)O)O)O)O", ["D-ascorbic acid is an ascorbic acid. It is an enantiomer of a L-ascorbic acid.", "See also: Ascorbic Acid (related)."]], ["Achromycin V", "C[C@@]1([C@H]2C[C@H]3[C@@H](C(=O)C(=C([C@]3(C(=O)C2=C(C4=C1C=CC=C4O)O)O)O)C(=O)N)N(C)C)O.C(C(=O)[O-])C(CC(=O)[O-])(C(=O)[O-])O", ["A naphthacene antibiotic that inhibits AMINO ACYL TRNA binding during protein synthesis."]], ["2-O-alpha-D-Glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid", "C([C@@H]1[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](O1)OC2=C([C@H](OC2=O)[C@H](CO)O)O)O)O)O)O", ["L-Ascorbic acid-2-glucoside is a glycoside."]], ["calcium;(6aR,10S,10aR,11S,11aR,12R)-8-carbamoyl-10-(dimethylamino)-4,6a,7,11-tetrahydroxy-12-methyl-6,9-dioxo-10a,11,11a,12-tetrahydro-10H-tetracen-5-olate", "C[C@@H]1[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H]3[C@@H](C(=O)C(=C([C@]3(C(=O)C2=C(C4=C1C=CC=C4O)[O-])O)O)C(=O)N)N(C)C)O.C[C@@H]1[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H]3[C@@H](C(=O)C(=C([C@]3(C(=O)C2=C(C4=C1C=CC=C4O)[O-])O)O)C(=O)N)N(C)C)O.[Ca+2]", ["Doxycycline Calcium is the calcium salt form of doxycycline exhibiting antimicrobial activity.  Doxycycline blocks binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to the mRNA-ribosome complex, thereby inhibiting protein synthesis.  In addition, this agent has exhibited inhibition of collagenase activity. (NCI)", "A synthetic tetracycline derivative with similar antimicrobial activity."]], ["Panmycin", "CC1([C@H]2C[C@H]3[C@@H](C(=O)C(=C([C@]3(C(=O)C2=C(C4=C1C=CC=C4O)O)O)O)C(=O)N)N(C)C)O", ["A naphthacene antibiotic that inhibits AMINO ACYL TRNA binding during protein synthesis."]], ["Tetracycline hydrochloride", "C[C@@]1([C@H]2C[C@H]3[C@@H](C(=O)C(=C([C@]3(C(=O)C2=C(C4=C1C=CC=C4O)O)O)O)C(=O)N)N(C)C)O.Cl", ["Crystals or fine bright yellow powder. pH of 2% aqueous solution: 2.1 - 2.3. (NTP, 1992)", "Tetracycline Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt of tetracycline, a broad-spectrum naphthacene antibiotic produced semisynthetically from chlortetracycline, an antibiotic isolated from the bacterium Streptomyces aureofaciens. In bacteria, tetracycline blocks binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to the mRNA-ribosome complex, thereby inhibiting protein synthesis and bacterial cell growth. Because naturally fluorescing tetracycline binds to newly formed bone at the bone/osteoid interface, tetracycline-labeling of bone and fluorescence microscopy may be used to perform bone histomorphometry.", "A naphthacene antibiotic that inhibits AMINO ACYL TRNA binding during protein synthesis."]], ["Lymecycline", "C[C@@]1([C@H]2C[C@H]3[C@@H](C(=O)C(=C([C@]3(C(=O)C2=C(C4=C1C=CC=C4O)O)O)O)C(=O)NCNCCCC[C@@H](C(=O)O)N)N(C)C)O", ["Lymecycline is a tetracycline-based broad-spectrum antibiotic. It is approximately 5000 times more soluble than tetracycline base and is unique amongst tetracyclines in that it is absorbed by the \"active transport\" process across the intestinal wall. It has a role as a protein synthesis inhibitor, an antiprotozoal drug, an antibacterial drug and an antimicrobial agent. It is a member of tetracyclines and a tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone.", "Lymecycline is a broad-spectrum second-generation tetracycline antibiotic used for the treatment of acne and other susceptible bacterial infections. It has been proven a cost-effective alternative to treatment with [minocycline] with comparable safety and efficacy. Lymecycline was initially discovered in 1961. It is marketed by Galderma and used in the UK as well as New Zealand in addition to other countries. Lymecycline is not marketed in the USA, however, equivalent drugs are available, such as minocycline and [tetracycline].", "A semisynthetic antibiotic related to TETRACYCLINE. It is more readily absorbed than TETRACYCLINE and can be used in lower doses."]], ["Filibuvir", "CCC1=CC(=CC(=N1)CC)CC[C@@]2(CC(=C(C(=O)O2)CC3=NN4C(=CC(=NC4=N3)C)C)O)C5CCCC5", ["Filibuvir is a member of triazolopyrimidines.", "Filibuvir has been used in trials studying the treatment of Hepatitis, Hepatitis C, and Chronic Hepatitis C.", "Filibuvir is a non-nucleoside polymerase inhibitor of the hepatitis C virus NS5B RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Filibuvir binds to the non-catalytic Thumb 2 site on viral polymerase and causes a decrease in viral RNA synthesis."]], ["sodium;[(3R,4S,5R,6R)-5-hydroxy-6-[4-hydroxy-3-[[4-hydroxy-3-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)benzoyl]amino]-8-methyl-2-oxochromen-7-yl]oxy-3-methoxy-2,2-dimethyloxan-4-yl] carbamate", "CC1=C(C=CC2=C1OC(=O)C(=C2O)NC(=O)C3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)CC=C(C)C)O[C@H]4[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](C(O4)(C)C)OC)OC(=O)N)O.[Na+]", ["An antibiotic compound derived from Streptomyces niveus. It has a chemical structure similar to coumarin. Novobiocin binds to DNA gyrase, and blocks adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity. (From Reynolds, Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p189)"]], ["Calcium oxytetracycline", "C[C@@]1([C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H]3[C@@H](C(=O)C(=C([C@]3(C(=O)C2=C(C4=C1C=CC=C4O)[O-])O)O)C(=O)N)N(C)C)O)O.C[C@@]1([C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H]3[C@@H](C(=O)C(=C([C@]3(C(=O)C2=C(C4=C1C=CC=C4O)[O-])O)O)C(=O)N)N(C)C)O)O.[Ca+2]", ["A TETRACYCLINE analog isolated from the actinomycete STREPTOMYCES rimosus and used in a wide variety of clinical conditions."]], ["6-[[[(4S,4aS,5aS,6S,12aR)-4-(dimethylamino)-1,6,10,11,12a-pentahydroxy-6-methyl-3,12-dioxo-4,4a,5,5a-tetrahydrotetracene-2-carbonyl]amino]methylamino]-2-aminohexanoic acid", "C[C@@]1([C@H]2C[C@H]3[C@@H](C(=O)C(=C([C@]3(C(=O)C2=C(C4=C1C=CC=C4O)O)O)O)C(=O)NCNCCCCC(C(=O)O)N)N(C)C)O", ["A semisynthetic antibiotic related to TETRACYCLINE. It is more readily absorbed than TETRACYCLINE and can be used in lower doses."]], ["S 1 (Combination)", "C1CC(OC1)N2C=C(C(=O)NC2=O)F.C1=C(C(=CNC1=O)Cl)O.C1(=NC(=O)NC(=O)N1)C(=O)[O-].[K+]", ["Tegafur-gimeracil-oteracil Potassium is an orally bioavailable fluoropyrimidine antagonist composed of tegafur combined with two modulators of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) activity, gimeracil and potassium oxonate, in a molar ratio of 1:0.4:1. Tegafur is a prodrug of 5-fluorouracil, an antimetabolite that inhibits thymidylate synthase, DNA synthesis and cell division, and competes with uridine triphosphate, thus inhibiting RNA and protein synthesis. Gimeracil is a reversible inhibitor of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), the liver enzyme responsible for rapid catabolism of 5-FU into inactive metabolites. Potassium oxonate preferentially localizes in the gut and inhibits the enzyme orotate phosphoribosyl-transferase (OPRT), thereby decreasing activation of 5-FU in the gut and activated 5-FU-related gastrointestinal toxicity."]], ["Chlortetracycline bisulfate", "C[C@@]1([C@H]2C[C@H]3[C@@H](C(=O)C(=C([C@]3(C(=O)C2=C(C4=C(C=CC(=C41)Cl)O)O)O)O)C(=O)N)N(C)C)O.OS(=O)(=O)O", ["A TETRACYCLINE with a 7-chloro substitution."]], ["Tecarfarin", "CC(C(F)(F)F)(C(F)(F)F)OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C=C1)CC2=C(C3=CC=CC=C3OC2=O)O", ["Tecarfarin has been used in trials studying the prevention of Thrombosis and Thromboembolism."]], ["1,5-Naphthyridine-3-carboxamide, 7-((4-fluorophenyl)methyl)-1,2-dihydro-4-hydroxy-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-methyl-2-oxo-", "CN1C2=C(C(=C(C1=O)C(=O)NCCO)O)N=CC(=C2)CC3=CC=C(C=C3)F", ["GSK-364735 (Naphthyridinone) has been used in trials studying the treatment of HIV-1 Infection and Infection, Human Immunodeficiency Virus."]], ["Dolutegravir", "C[C@@H]1CCO[C@@H]2N1C(=O)C3=C(C(=O)C(=CN3C2)C(=O)NCC4=C(C=C(C=C4)F)F)O", ["Dolutegravir is a monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (4R,12aS)-7-hydroxy-4-methyl-6,8-dioxo-3,4,6,8,12,12a-hexahydro-2H-pyrido[1',2':4,5]pyrazino[2,1-b][1,3]oxazine-9-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 2,4-difluorobenzylamine. Used (as its sodium salt) for treatment of HIV-1. It has a role as a HIV-1 integrase inhibitor. It is a monocarboxylic acid amide, an organic heterotricyclic compound, a secondary carboxamide and a difluorobenzene. It is a conjugate acid of a dolutegravir(1-).", "Dolutegravir (brand names: Tivicay and Tivicay PD) is a prescription medicine approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of HIV infection in combination with:", "Dolutegravir is a HIV-1 intergrase inhibitor that blocks the strand transfer step of the integration of the viral genome into the host cell (INSTI). The effect of this drug has no homology in human host cells which gives it an excellent tolerability and minimal toxicity. Dolutegravir was developed by ViiV Healthcare and FDA approved on August 12, 2013. On November 21, 2017, dolutegravir, in combination with rilpivirine, was approved as part of the first complete treatment regimen with only two drugs for the treatment of adults with HIV-1 named Juluca.", "Dolutegravir is a Human Immunodeficiency Virus Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitor. The mechanism of action of dolutegravir is as a HIV Integrase Inhibitor, and Multidrug and Toxin Extrusion Transporter 1 Inhibitor, and Organic Cation Transporter 2 Inhibitor.", "Dolutegravir is a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) integrase inhibitor, the third in this class of agents that target the viral integrase. Dolutegravir is used only in combination with other antiretroviral agents in the treatment of HIV infection, and it has had limited use. Dolutegravir is associated with a low rate of serum aminotransferase elevations during therapy, but has not been linked to instances of acute, clinically apparent liver injury.", "Dolutegravir is an orally bioavailable integrase strand-transfer inhibitor (INSTI), with activity against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. Upon oral administration, dolutegravir binds to the active site of integrase, an HIV enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of viral genetic material into human chromosomes. This prevents integrase from binding to retroviral deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), and blocks the strand transfer step, which is essential for the HIV replication cycle. This prevents HIV-1 replication."]], ["TP-271", "CN1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)NC2=CC(=C3C[C@H]4C[C@H]5[C@@H](C(=O)C(=C([C@]5(C(=O)C4=C(C3=C2O)O)O)O)C(=O)N)N(C)C)F", ["TP-271 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02724085 (A Phase 1 Study to Assess the Safety, Tolerability and PK of IV TP-271)."]], ["Albamycin", "CC1=C(C=CC2=C1OC(=O)C(=C2O)NC(=O)C3=CC(=C(C=C3)[O-])CC=C(C)C)O[C@H]4[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](C(O4)(C)C)OC)OC(=O)N)O.[Na+]", ["An antibiotic compound derived from Streptomyces niveus. It has a chemical structure similar to coumarin. Novobiocin binds to DNA gyrase, and blocks adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity. (From Reynolds, Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p189)"]], ["14c-Tipranavir", "CCC[C@]1(CC(=C(C(=O)O1)[14C@H](CC)C2=CC(=CC=C2)NS(=O)(=O)C3=NC=C(C=C3)C(F)(F)F)O)CCC4=CC=CC=C4", ["Tipranavir C-14 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02253797 (Pharmacokinetics of Tipranavir/Ritonavir and Its Metabolites in Healthy Male Subjects)."]], ["7-Chloro-4-(dimethylamino)-1,6,10,11,12a-pentahydroxy-6-methyl-3,12-dioxo-4,4a,5,5a-tetrahydrotetracene-2-carboxamide;hydrochloride", "CC1(C2CC3C(C(=O)C(=C(C3(C(=O)C2=C(C4=C(C=CC(=C41)Cl)O)O)O)O)C(=O)N)N(C)C)O.Cl", ["Chlortetracycline Hydrochloride is a tetracycline with broad-spectrum antibacterial and antiprotozoal activity. Chlortetracycline hydrochloride is bacteriostatic and inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit, thereby preventing the addition of amino acids to the growing peptide chain. This tetracycline is active against a wide range of gram-positive and gram-negative organisms, spirochetes, rickettsial species, certain protozoa and Mycoplasma and Chlamydia organisms.", "A TETRACYCLINE with a 7-chloro substitution."]], ["Naldemedine", "CC(C)(C1=NC(=NO1)C2=CC=CC=C2)NC(=O)C3=C([C@H]4[C@@]56CCN([C@@H]([C@@]5(C3)O)CC7=C6C(=C(C=C7)O)O4)CC8CC8)O", ["Naldemedine is an opioid receptor antagonist. It is a modified form of [DB00704] to which a side chain has been added to increase molecular weight and polar surface area resulting in restricted transport across the blood brain barrier. Naldemedine was approved in 2017 in both the US and Japan for the treatment of Opioid-induced Constipation.", "Naldemedine is an Opioid Antagonist. The mechanism of action of naldemedine is as an Opioid Antagonist.", "Naldemedine is a peripherally acting opioid antagonist which is used to treat constipation caused by chronic opioid use. Naldemedine has not been linked to serum enzyme elevations during therapy or to clinically apparent liver injury."]], ["Triumeq", "C[C@@H]1CCO[C@@H]2N1C(=O)C3=C(C(=O)C(=CN3C2)C(=O)NCC4=C(C=C(C=C4)F)F)O.C1CC1NC2=C3C(=NC(=N2)N)N(C=N3)[C@@H]4C[C@@H](C=C4)CO.C1[C@H](O[C@H](S1)CO)N2C=CC(=NC2=O)N", ["Abacavir/Dolutegravir/Lamivudine is a fixed combination of abacavir sulfate, a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) analog of guanosine; dolutegravir, an integrase strand-transfer inhibitor (INSTI); and lamivudine, an NRTI analog of cytidine, that may be used to treat human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Upon oral administration, abacavir and lamivudine are phosphorylated into active metabolites that inhibit the HIV reverse transcriptase (RT) enzyme competitively and act as a chain terminator of DNA synthesis. This interferes with the generation of DNA copies of viral RNA, which is necessary for the synthesis of new virions. Dolutegravir binds to the active site of integrase, an HIV enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of viral genetic material into human chromosomes. This prevents integrase from binding to retroviral deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), and blocks the strand transfer step, which is essential for the HIV replication cycle. This further prevents HIV-1 replication."]], ["(4R,4aS,5aR,6R,12aS)-4-(dimethylamino)-1,6,10,11,12a-pentahydroxy-6-methyl-3,12-dioxo-4,4a,5,5a-tetrahydrotetracene-2-carboxamide;hydrochloride", "C[C@]1([C@@H]2C[C@H]3[C@H](C(=O)C(=C([C@@]3(C(=O)C2=C(C4=C1C=CC=C4O)O)O)O)C(=O)N)N(C)C)O.Cl", ["A naphthacene antibiotic that inhibits AMINO ACYL TRNA binding during protein synthesis."]], ["Minocin", "[H+].CN(C)[C@H]1[C@@H]2C[C@@H]3CC4=C(C=CC(=C4C(=C3C(=O)[C@@]2(C(=C(C1=O)C(=O)N)O)O)O)O)N(C)C.[Cl-]", ["Minocycline hydrochloride is a hydrochloride. It has a role as a geroprotector. It contains a minocycline.", "A TETRACYCLINE analog, having a 7-dimethylamino and lacking the 5 methyl and hydroxyl groups, which is effective against tetracycline-resistant STAPHYLOCOCCUS infections."]], ["Tirabrutinib", "CC#CC(=O)N1CC[C@H](C1)N2C3=NC=NC(=C3N(C2=O)C4=CC=C(C=C4)OC5=CC=CC=C5)N", ["Tirabrutinib is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02626026 (Safety and Pharmacokinetics of GS-4059 in Healthy Volunteers and Subjects With Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)).", "Tirabrutinib is an orally available formulation containing an inhibitor of Bruton agammaglobulinemia tyrosine kinase (BTK), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, tirabrutinib covalently binds to BTK within B cells, thereby preventing B cell receptor signaling and impeding B cell development. As a result, this agent may inhibit the proliferation of B cell malignancies. BTK, a cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase and member of the Tec family of kinases, plays an important role in B lymphocyte development, activation, signaling, proliferation and survival."]], ["Olmutinib", "CN1CCN(CC1)C2=CC=C(C=C2)NC3=NC4=C(C(=N3)OC5=CC=CC(=C5)NC(=O)C=C)SC=C4", ["Olmutinib is an orally active epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor used in the treatment of T790M mutation positive non-small cell lung cancer. It is available under the brand name Olita made by Hanmi Pharmaceuticals. Olmutinib was developed by Hanmi Pharmaceuticals and Boehringer Ingelheim. Olmutinib recieved breakthrough therapy designation in the United States in December 2015 and was approved for use in Korea in May 2016.", "Olmutinib is an orally available small molecule, mutant-selective inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) with potential antineoplastic activity. Olmutinib binds to and inhibits mutant forms of EGFR, thereby leading to cell death of EGFR-expressing tumor cells. As this agent is selective towards mutant forms of EGFR, its toxicity profile may be reduced as compared to non-selective EGFR inhibitors which also inhibit the EGFR wild type form."]], ["Theliatinib", "CN1CC[C@H]2[C@@H]1CN(C2)C(=O)NC3=C(C=C4C(=C3)C(=NC=N4)NC5=CC=CC(=C5)C#C)OC", ["Xiliertinib is an orally available, ATP-competitive inhibitor of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, xiliertinib binds to and inhibits the activity of EGFR. This prevents EGFR-mediated signaling, and may lead to both induction of cell death and inhibition of tumor growth in EGFR-overexpressing cells. EGFR, a receptor tyrosine kinase mutated in many tumor cell types, plays a key role in tumor cell proliferation and tumor vascularization."]], ["Vactosertib", "CC1=NC(=CC=C1)C2=C(N=C(N2)CNC3=CC=CC=C3F)C4=CN5C(=NC=N5)C=C4", ["Vactosertib is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03724851 (Vactosertib in Combination With Pembrolizumab in Metastatic Colorectal or Gastric Cancer).", "Vactosertib is an orally bioavailable inhibitor of the serine/threonine kinase, transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta receptor type 1 (TGFBR1), also known as activin receptor-like kinase 5 (ALK5), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, vactosertib inhibits the activity of TGFBR1 and prevents TGF-beta/TGFBR1-mediated signaling. This suppresses tumor growth in TGFBR1-overexpressing tumor cells. TGFBR1, which is overexpressed in a variety of tumor cell types, plays a key role in tumor cell proliferation. Expression of TGF-beta promotes tumor cell proliferation, enhances the migration of tumor cells and suppresses the response of the host immune system to tumor cells."]], ["Verinurad", "CC(C)(C(=O)O)SC1=C(C=NC=C1)C2=CC=C(C3=CC=CC=C32)C#N", ["Verinurad has been used in trials studying the basic science and treatment of Gout, Gout and Hyperuricemia, and Gout and Asymptomatic Hyperuricemia."]], ["Poziotinib hydrochloride", "COC1=C(C=C2C(=C1)N=CN=C2NC3=C(C(=C(C=C3)Cl)Cl)F)OC4CCN(CC4)C(=O)C=C.Cl", ["Poziotinib Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of poziotinib, an orally bioavailable, quinazoline-based, irreversible pan-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR or HER) inhibitor, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, poziotinib inhibits EGFR (HER1 or ErbB1), HER2 and HER4, thereby inhibiting proliferation of tumor cells in which these receptors are overexpressed and/or mutated. EGFRs, cell surface receptor tyrosine kinases upregulated or mutated in a variety of cancer cell types, play key roles in cellular proliferation and survival."]], ["Ombitasvir", "CC(C)[C@@H](C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)NC2=CC=C(C=C2)[C@@H]3CC[C@H](N3C4=CC=C(C=C4)C(C)(C)C)C5=CC=C(C=C5)NC(=O)[C@@H]6CCCN6C(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)OC)NC(=O)OC", ["Ombitasvir is a dipeptide derivative which is used which is in combination with dasabuvir sodium hydrate, paritaprevir and ritonavir (under the trade name Viekira Pak) for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection as well as cirrhosis of the liver. It has a role as an antiviral drug and a hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 5A inhibitor. It is a member of pyrrolidines, a carbamate ester, an aromatic amide and a dipeptide. It is functionally related to a Val-Pro.", "Ombitasvir is a direct acting antiviral medication used as part of combination therapy to treat chronic Hepatitis C, an infectious liver disease caused by infection with Hepatitis C Virus (HCV). HCV is a single-stranded RNA virus that is categorized into nine distinct genotypes, with genotype 1 being the most common in the United States, and affecting 72% of all chronic HCV patients. Treatment options for chronic Hepatitis C have advanced significantly since 2011, with the development of Direct Acting Antivirals (DAAs) such as Ombitasvir. Ombitasvir is an inhibitor of NS5A, a protein essential for viral replication and virion assembly. The barrier for develoment of resistance to NS5A inhibitors is lower than that of NS5B inhibitors, another class of DAAs.   In a joint recommendation published in 2016, the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) and the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) recommend Ombitasvir as a first line therapy option when used in combination with other antivirals for genotypes 1a, 1b, and 4. Depending on the genotype, Ombitasvir is often used in combination with other antivirals such as [DB09183], [DB09297], [DB00503], and [DB00811] with the intent to cure, or achieve a sustained virologic response (SVR), after 12 weeks of daily therapy. SVR and eradication of HCV infection is associated with significant long-term health benefits including reduced liver-related damage, improved quality of life, reduced incidence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma, and reduced all-cause mortality. Treatment with direct acting antivirals such as Ombitasvir is associated with very minimal side effects, with the most common being headache and fatigue. Lack of significant side effects and short duration of therapy is a considerable advantage over older interferon-based regimens, which were limited by infusion site reactions, reduced blood count, and neuropsychiatric effects.  Ombutasvir first came on the market as a fixed-dose combination product with [DB09183], [DB09297], and [DB00503] as the FDA-approved product Viekira Pak. First approved in December 2014, Viekira Pak is indicated for the treatment of HCV genotype 1b without cirrhosis or with compensated cirrhosis, and when combined with Ribavirin for the treatment of HCV genotype 1a without cirrhosis or with compensated cirrhosis.  Ombutasvir is also available as a fixed-dose combination product with [DB09297] and [DB00503] as the FDA- and Health Canada-approved product Technivie. First approved in July 2015, Technivie is indicated in combination with Ribavirin for the treatment of patients with genotype 4 chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection without cirrhosis or with compensated cirrhosis.  In Canada, Ombutasvir is also available as a fixed-dose combination product with [DB09183], [DB09297], and [DB00503] as the Health Canada-approved, commercially available product Holkira Pak. First approved in January 2015, Holkira Pak is indicated for the treatment of HCV genotype 1b with or without cirrhosis, and when combined with [DB00811] for the treatment of HCV genotype 1a with or without cirrhosis.", "Ombitasvir is a Hepatitis C Virus NS5A Inhibitor. The mechanism of action of ombitasvir is as an UGT1A1 Inhibitor.", "Ombitasvir is an orally available inhibitor of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) non-structural protein 5A (NS5A) replication complex, with potential activity against HCV. Upon oral administration and after intracellular uptake, ombitasvir binds to and blocks the activity of the NS5A protein. This results in the disruption of the viral RNA replication complex, blockage of HCV RNA production, and inhibition of viral replication. NS5A, a zinc-binding and proline-rich hydrophilic phosphoprotein, plays a crucial role in HCV RNA replication. HCV is a small, enveloped, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Flaviviridae family; HCV infection is associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)."]], ["[(1S)-3-[[(2S,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methyl-methylsulfonio]-1-carboxypropyl]azanium", "C[S+](CC[C@@H](C(=O)O)[NH3+])C[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O1)N2C=NC3=C(N=CN=C32)N)O)O", ["S-Adenosylmethionine is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).", "S-Adenosylmethionine is a nutritional supplement that is synthesized from adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and the amino acid methionine by the endogenous essential enzyme methionine adenosyltransferase (MAT), with potential antineoplastic activity.  Upon administration, S-adenosylmethionine acts as a methyl donor for various transmethylation reactions. In cancer cells, this agent induces the methylation of tumor promoting genes, reverses DNA hypomethylation, and leads to the suppression of oncogene transcription. This induces apoptosis in and inhibits proliferation of susceptible tumor cells."]], ["Pegaptanib", "COCCOC(=O)NCCCC[C@@H](C(=O)NCCCCCCCOP(=O)(C)O)NC(=O)OCCOC", ["Pegaptanib is a polynucleotide aptamer. Pegatinib aids neovascular age-related macular degeneration by binding to VEGF which in order reduces angiogenesis and vessel permeability.  Pegaptanib was granted FDA approval on 17 September 2004.", "Pegaptanib is a 28-mer RNA aptamer covalently linked to two branched 20-kD polyethylene glycol (PEG) chains, with anti-angiogenic activity. Pegaptanib binds and blocks the activity of the extracellular vascular endothelial growth factor, specifically the 165-amino acid isoform (VEGF165). This prevents VEGF165 from binding to VEGF receptors, thereby blocking angiogenesis as well as preventing VEGF165-induced increases in vessel permeability. VEGF165 is preferentially involved in pathological ocular neovascularisation.", "Pegaptanib Sodium is the sodium salt form of pegaptanib, a 28-mer RNA aptamer covalently linked to two branched 20-kD polyethylene glycol (PEG) chains, with anti-angiogenic activity. Pegaptanib binds and blocks the activity of the extracellular vascular endothelial growth factor, specifically the 165-amino acid isoform (VEGF165). This prevents VEGF165 from binding to VEGF receptors, thereby blocking angiogenesis as well as preventing VEGF165-induced increases in vessel permeability. VEGF165 is preferentially involved in pathological ocular neovascularisation."]], ["Fosbretabulin (disodium)", "COC1=C(C=C(C=C1)/C=C\\C2=CC(=C(C(=C2)OC)OC)OC)OP(=O)([O-])[O-].[Na+].[Na+]", ["Fosbretabulin Disodium is the disodium salt of a water-soluble phosphate derivative of a natural stilbenoid phenol derived from the African bush willow (Combretum caffrum) with potential vascular disrupting and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, the prodrug fosbretabulin is dephosphorylated to its active metabolite, the microtubule-depolymerizing agent combretastatin A4, which binds to tubulin dimers and prevents microtubule polymerization, resulting in mitotic arrest and apoptosis in endothelial cells. In addition, this agent disrupts the engagement of the endothelial cell-specific junctional molecule vascular endothelial-cadherin (VE-cadherin) and so the activity of the VE-cadherin/beta-catenin/Akt signaling pathway, which may result in the inhibition of endothelial cell migration and capillary tube formation. As a result of fosbretabulin's dual mechanism of action, the tumor vasculature collapses, resulting in reduced tumor blood flow and ischemic necrosis of tumor tissue."]], ["Aldose reductase-IN-1", "C1=CC2=C(C=C1C(F)(F)F)N=C(S2)CN3C(=O)C4=NC=CN=C4C(=N3)CC(=O)O", ["AT-001 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03062384 (AT-001 for Long-term Preservation of Brain Health in Aging)."]], ["Poseltinib", "CN1CCN(CC1)C2=CC=C(C=C2)NC3=NC4=C(C(=N3)OC5=CC=CC(=C5)NC(=O)C=C)OC=C4", ["Poseltinib is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02628028 (A Study of LY3337641 in Rheumatoid Arthritis).", "Poseltinib is an inhibitor of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) with potential anti-inflammatory activity. Upon administration, poseltinib inhibits the activity of BTK and prevents the activation of the B-cell antigen receptor (BCR) signaling pathway. This prevents  the activation of BTK-mediated  inflammatory pathways."]], ["8-Cyclopentyl-2-((4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)phenyl)amino)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-6-carbonitrile", "CN1CCN(CC1)C2=CC=C(C=C2)NC3=NC=C4C=C(C(=O)N(C4=N3)C5CCCC5)C#N", ["Narazaciclib is an orally bioavailable inhibitor of NUAK family SNF1-like kinase 1 (AMPK-related protein kinase 5; ARK5), and the cyclin-dependent kinases 4 (CDK4) and 6 (CDK6), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration,narazaciclib specifically binds to and inhibits ARK5, which interferes with the activation of ARK5-mediated signal transduction pathways and reduces cell proliferation in cancer cells that overexpress ARK5. In addition, ON 123300 inhibits CDK4 and 6 and prevents the phosphorylation of retinoblastoma (Rb) protein in early G1. Inhibition of Rb phosphorylation prevents CDK-mediated G1-S phase transition, which causes G1 phase cell cycle arrest, suppresses DNA synthesis and inhibits cancer cell growth. ARK5, a member of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) family, is associated with tumor growth and invasion. Overexpression of CDK4/6, which is seen in certain types of cancer, causes cell cycle deregulation."]], ["Fluzoparib", "C1CN2C(=NC(=N2)C(F)(F)F)CN1C(=O)C3=C(C=CC(=C3)CC4=NNC(=O)C5=CC=CC=C54)F", ["Fluzoparib is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03863860 (A Trial of Maintenance Treatment With Fluzoparib Versus Placebo in Relapsed Ovarian Cancer Patients).", "Fuzuloparib is an orally available inhibitor of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) types 1 and 2, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, fuzuloparib inhibits PARP 1 and 2 activity, which inhibits PARP-mediated repair of damaged DNA via the base excision repair (BER) pathway, enhances the accumulation of DNA strand breaks, promotes genomic instability, and leads to an induction of apoptosis. The PARP family of proteins catalyze post-translational ADP-ribosylation of nuclear proteins, which then transduce signals to recruit other proteins to repair damaged DNA. PARP inhibition may enhance the cytotoxicity of DNA-damaging agents and may reverse tumor cell chemoresistance and radioresistance."]], ["Asivatrep", "CCCC1=C(C=CC(=N1)C(F)(F)F)/C=C/C(=O)N[C@H](C)C2=CC(=C(C(=C2)F)NS(=O)(=O)C)F", ["PAC-14028 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Skin Pruritus, Papulopustular Rosacea, and Erythematotelangiectatic Rosacea."]], ["9E3Toe5riz", "CC1=CN2CCS(=O)(=O)N=C2C(=N1)C3=CC=C(C=C3)OC4CCCCC4", ["TAK-653 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03312894 (Efficacy and Safety of TAK-653 in Treatment-resistant Depression)."]], ["Infigratinib phosphate", "CCN1CCN(CC1)C2=CC=C(C=C2)NC3=CC(=NC=N3)N(C)C(=O)NC4=C(C(=CC(=C4Cl)OC)OC)Cl.OP(=O)(O)O", ["Infigratinib Phosphate is the phosphate salt form of infigratinib, an orally bioavailable pan-inhibitor of human fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) with potential antiangiogenic and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, infigratinib selectively binds to and inhibits the activities of FGFRs, which may result in the inhibition of angiogenesis and cell proliferation, and the induction of cell death in tumors with activating FGFR amplifications, mutations, or fusions. FGFRs are a family of receptor tyrosine kinases that are involved in tumor cell differentiation and proliferation, tumor angiogenesis, and tumor cell survival. Activating FGFR amplifications, mutations, or fusions occur in various cancer cell types."]], ["(3S,4R)-3-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yloxymethyl)-4-(4-fluorophenyl)piperidine;hydrate", "C1CNC[C@H]([C@@H]1C2=CC=C(C=C2)F)COC3=CC4=C(C=C3)OCO4.C1CNC[C@H]([C@@H]1C2=CC=C(C=C2)F)COC3=CC4=C(C=C3)OCO4.O", ["A serotonin uptake inhibitor that is effective in the treatment of depression."]], ["Henagliflozin", "CCOC1=C(C=C(C=C1)CC2=C(C=CC(=C2)[C@]34[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@](O3)(CO4)CO)O)O)O)Cl)F", ["Henagliflozin has been used in trials studying the treatment of Type 2 Diabetes."]], ["Telratolimod", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)NCCCCON1C(=NC2=C1C3=CC=CC=C3N=C2N)CCCC", ["Telratolimod is a toll-like receptor type 7 and 8 (TLR7/8) agonist with potential immunostimulating and antitumor activities. Upon intratumoral administration, telratolimod binds to and activates TLR7 and 8, thereby stimulating antigen-presenting cells (APCs), including dendritic cells (DCs). Activation of DCs results in the production of proinflammatory cytokines, and the activation of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) and B-lymphocyte immune responses. This may cause tumor cell lysis. TLR7 and 8, members of the TLR family, play fundamental roles in the activation of the immune system."]], ["1-Hydroxypyridine-2-thione zinc", "C1=CC(=S)N(C=C1)O.[Zn]", ["Zinc pyrithione is a fine beige granules. (NTP, 1992)"]], ["2-((5-chloro-2-((4-((4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl)phenyl)amino)pyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-N,N-dimethylbenzenesulfonamide", "CN1CCN(CC1)CC2=CC=C(C=C2)NC3=NC=C(C(=N3)NC4=CC=CC=C4S(=O)(=O)N(C)C)Cl", ["Dubermatinib is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03572634 (Phase 1/2 Study of TP-0903 (an Inhibitor of AXL Kinase) in Patients With Previously Treated CLL).", "2-((5-chloro-2-((4-((4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl)phenyl)amino)pyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-N,N-dimethylbenzenesulfonamide is a natural product found in Dracaena angustifolia with data available.", "Dubermatinib is an orally available and selective inhibitor of the receptor tyrosine kinase AXL (UFO), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, dubermatinib targets and binds to AXL and prevents its activity. This blocks AXL-mediated signal transduction pathways and inhibits the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which, in turn, inhibits tumor cell proliferation and migration. In addition, TP-0903 enhances chemo-sensitivity to certain other chemotherapeutic agents. AXL, a member of the Tyro3, AXL and Mer (TAM) family of receptor tyrosine kinases and overexpressed by many tumor cell types, plays a key role in tumor cell proliferation, survival, invasion and metastasis; its expression is associated with drug resistance and poor prognosis."]], ["Sodium calcium edetate", "C(C[NH+](CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])[NH+](CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-].[Na+].[Na+].[Ca+2]", ["Edetate Calcium Disodium is contracted name for a salt of ethylenediaminetetraacetate, an agent used as a chelator of lead and some other heavy metals. C10H12CaN2Na2O8.", "A chelating agent that sequesters a variety of polyvalent cations such as CALCIUM. It is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a food additive."]], ["Carboplatino", "C1CC(C1)(C(=O)[O-])C(=O)[O-].N.N.[Pt+4]", ["Carboplatin is a second-generation platinum compound with a broad spectrum of antineoplastic properties.  Carboplatin contains a platinum atom complexed with two ammonia groups and a cyclobutane-dicarboxyl residue.  This agent is activated intracellularly to form reactive platinum complexes that bind to nucleophilic groups such as GC-rich sites in DNA, thereby inducing intrastrand and interstrand DNA cross-links, as well as DNA-protein cross-links.  These carboplatin-induced DNA and protein effects result in apoptosis and cell growth inhibition.  This agent possesses tumoricidal activity similar to that of its parent compound, cisplatin, but is more stable and less toxic. (NCI04)", "An organoplatinum compound that possesses antineoplastic activity."]], ["AN-Dtpa", "C(CN(CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])N(CCN(CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-].[Na+].[99Tc]", ["A technetium imaging agent used in renal scintigraphy, computed tomography, lung ventilation imaging, gastrointestinal scintigraphy, and many other procedures which employ radionuclide imaging agents."]], ["Iobenguane sulfate I-123", "C1=CC(=CC(=C1)[123I])CN=C(N)N.C1=CC(=CC(=C1)[123I])CN=C(N)N.OS(=O)(=O)O", ["Iobenguane sulfate I-123 is a radiopharmaceutical used in gamma-scintigraphy of adrenergically inervated tissues.", "Iobenguane sulfate i-123 is a Radioactive Diagnostic Agent. The mechanism of action of iobenguane sulfate i-123 is as a Radiopharmaceutical Activity.", "Iobenguane Sulfate I-123 is the neurotransmitter analogue 3-nitrobenzylguanidine conjugated to iodine I 123 and used as a gamma-emitting imaging agent. The adrenergic tissue uptake and storage of I-123 metaiodobenzylguanidine (I-123 MIBG) mimics that of norepinephrine (NE). The distribution of this agent enables the scintigraphic imaging of neural crest tumors, such as neuroblastoma and pheochromocytoma."]], ["Cobalamin (1+)", "CC1=CC2=C(C=C1C)N(C=N2)C3C(C(C(O3)CO)OP(=O)([O-])OC(C)CNC(=O)CCC\\4(C(C5C6(C(C(C(=N6)/C(=C\\7/C(C(C(=N7)/C=C\\8/C(C(C(=N8)/C(=C4\\[N-]5)/C)CCC(=O)N)(C)C)CCC(=O)N)(C)CC(=O)N)/C)CCC(=O)N)(C)CC(=O)N)C)CC(=O)N)C)O.[Co+3]", ["Cobalamin is an essential nutrient and natural water-soluble vitamin of the B-complex family that must combine with an intrinsic factor for absorption by the intestine, Vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin) is necessary for hematopoiesis, neural metabolism, DNA and RNA production, and carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism. B12 improves iron functions in the metabolic cycle and assists folic acid in choline synthesis. B12 metabolism is interconnected with that of folic acid. Vitamin B12 deficiency causes pernicious anemia, megaloblastic anemia, and neurologic lesions.", "A cobalt-containing coordination compound produced by intestinal micro-organisms and found also in soil and water. Higher plants do not concentrate vitamin B 12 from the soil and so are a poor source of the substance as compared with animal tissues. INTRINSIC FACTOR is important for the assimilation of vitamin B 12."]], ["Chromium tripicolinate", "C1=CC=NC(=C1)C(=O)[O-].C1=CC=NC(=C1)C(=O)[O-].C1=CC=NC(=C1)C(=O)[O-].[Cr+3]", ["Chromium Picolinate is chromium Piccolinate is a salt of the trace metallic element chromium (Cr), essential in glucose metabolism. Found in vitamins and mineral supplements, Chromium may be necessary for utilization of dietary sugars and carbohydrates by optimizing the effects of insulin. Animal studies suggest that chromium picolinate may be carcinogenic, it enters cells directly and can causes mutations. (NCI04)"]], ["Acidum gadopenteticum", "[H+].[H+].C(CN(CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])N(CCN(CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-].[Gd+3]", ["A complex of gadolinium with a chelating agent, diethylenetriamine penta-acetic acid (DTPA see PENTETIC ACID), that is given to enhance the image in cranial and spinal MRIs. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p706)"]], ["Teslascan", "[H+].[H+].[H+].CC1=NC=C(C(=C1[O-])CN(CCN(CC2=C(C(=NC=C2COP(=O)([O-])[O-])C)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])COP(=O)([O-])[O-].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Mn+2]", ["Mangafodipir Trisodium is the trisodium salt of mangafodipir with potential antioxidant and chemoprotective activities. Consisting of manganese (II) ions chelated to fodipir (dipyridoxyl diphosphate or DPDP), mangafodipir scavenges oxygen free radicals such as superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radical, potentially preventing oxygen free radical damage to macromolecules such as DNA and minimizing oxygen free radical-related chemotoxicity in normal tissues. However, this agent may potentiate the chemotherapy-induced generation of oxygen free radicals in tumor cells, resulting in the potentiation of chemotherapy-induced cytotoxicity; tumor cells, with higher levels of reactive oxygen species than normal cells, possess a lower threshold for oxygen free radical-mediated cytotoxicity. Mangafodipir is traditionally used as an imaging agent in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)."]], ["Budesonide and formoterol fumarate dihydrate", "CCCC1O[C@@H]2C[C@H]3[C@@H]4CCC5=CC(=O)C=C[C@@]5([C@H]4[C@H](C[C@@]3([C@@]2(O1)C(=O)CO)C)O)C.C[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(C=C1)OC)NC[C@H](C2=CC(=C(C=C2)O)NC=O)O", ["A pharmaceutical preparation of budesonide and formoterol fumarate that is used as an ANTI-ASTHMATIC AGENT and for the treatment of CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE."]], ["Seretide", "CCC(=O)O[C@@]1([C@@H](C[C@@H]2[C@@]1(C[C@@H](C3([C@H]2C[C@@H](C4=CC(=O)C=C[C@@]43C)F)F)O)C)C)C(=O)SCF.C1=CC=C(C=C1)CCCCOCCCCCCNCC(C2=CC(=C(C=C2)O)CO)O", ["A drug combination of fluticasone and salmeterol that is used as an inhaler formulation to manage the symptoms of ASTHMA and CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE."]], ["Rabeximod", "CC1=CC2=C(C=C1C)N=C3C(=N2)C4=C(N3CC(=O)NCCN(C)C)C=CC(=C4)Cl", ["Rabeximod is an orally administered compound for treatment of moderate or severe active rheumatoid arthritis that is currently undergoing phase II clinical testing in eight European countries."]], ["Benazepril hydrochloride and hydrochlorothiazide", "CCOC(=O)[C@H](CCC1=CC=CC=C1)N[C@H]2CCC3=CC=CC=C3N(C2=O)CC(=O)O.C1NC2=CC(=C(C=C2S(=O)(=O)N1)S(=O)(=O)N)Cl", ["Benazepril/Hydrochlorothiazide is a combination preparation of the synthetic angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor prodrug benazepril and the thiazide diuretic hydrochlorothiazide, with antihypertensive activity. Benazepril is de-esterified by the liver into its active form benazeprilat, which competitively inhibits ACE. ACE inhibition prevents the formation of angiotensin II, and blocks angiotensin II-mediated activities, including vasoconstriction and stimulation of synthesis and secretion of aldosterone, which leads to an increase in sodium excretion and increases water outflow. Hydrochlorothiazide inhibits electrolyte reabsorption via binding to the Na-Cl cotransporter on the renal distal tubules, thereby increasing excretion of sodium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate and water. Together, these agents lead to a reduction in blood pressure."]], ["Duexis", "CC(C)CC1=CC=C(C=C1)C(C)C(=O)O.C1=C(N=C(S1)N=C(N)N)CSCCC(=NS(=O)(=O)N)N", ["HZT-501 is under investigation by Horizon Therapeutics, Inc., a privately held biopharmaceutical company. It has entered Phase 3 clinical trials in March 2007 for reduction of the risk of development of ibuprofen-associated upper gastrointestinal (i.e., gastric and/or duodenal) ulcers. HZT-501 is a combination product including ibuprofen and the acid reducing agent famotidine."]], ["Gpi-0100", "CCCCCCCCCCCCNC(=O)[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O1)O[C@H]2CC[C@]3(C([C@]2(C)C=O)CC[C@@]4(C3CC=C5[C@]4(C[C@H]([C@@]6(C5CC(CC6)(C)C)C(=O)O[C@H]7[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@H](O7)C)O)O)O[C@H]8[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O8)C)O[C@H]9[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](CO9)O)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@](CO1)(CO)O)O)O)O)O)O)C)C)C)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@H](O1)CO)O)O)O)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](CO1)O)O)O)O", ["GPI-0100 is Avantogen\u2019s lead adjuvanat-immunopotentiator, a key component of vaccines for boosting the immune response. The GPI-0100 adjuvant, which has been shown to significantly enhance the immune response with a variety of vaccines, has been shown to have good overall performance characteristics on safety and efficacy.", "GPI-0100 is a semi-synthetic triterpene glycoside, derived from the naturally occurring saponins. GPI-0100 functions as an adjuvant when given as part of a vaccine preparation to improve the immunogenicity of antigens such as proteins, carbohydrates. GPI-0100 containing vaccines have been used with both viral and tumor antigens to elicit a Type 1 helper T cell response for those diseases in which a cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response is desired."]], ["Samarium Sm 153 Lexidronam pentasodium", "C(CN(CP(=O)(O)[O-])CP(=O)(O)[O-])N(CP(=O)(O)[O-])CP(=O)(O)[O-].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[153Sm]", ["Samarium Sm-153 Lexidronam Pentasodium is the pentasodium salt of samarium Sm 153 lexidronam, a therapeutic agent consisting of a medium energy beta- and gamma-emitting radioisotope, samarium Sm 153, and a teraphosphonate chelator, ethylenediaminetetramethylene phosphonic acid (EDTMP). The chelator moiety of samarium Sm 153 lexidronam associates with hydroxyapatite crystals concentrated in areas of bone turnover, thereby selectively delivering samarium Sm 153-mediated cytotoxic radiation to osteoblastic bone metastases."]], ["(2R)-2-fluoro-3-phosphorosooxypropan-1-amine", "C([C@H](COP=O)F)N", ["AZD 3355 is a reflux inhibitor used for the treatment of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease. It is developed by AstraZeneca  and is currently in phase I/II trials."]], ["[(1S,4R,6S,7Z,18R)-4-(cyclopropylsulfonylcarbamoyl)-14-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxycarbonylamino]-2,15-dioxo-3,16-diazatricyclo[14.3.0.04,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl] 4-fluoro-1,3-dihydroisoindole-2-carboxylate", "CC(C)(C)OC(=O)NC1CCCCC/C=C\\[C@@H]2C[C@]2(NC(=O)[C@@H]3C[C@H](CN3C1=O)OC(=O)N4CC5=C(C4)C(=CC=C5)F)C(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C6CC6", ["Danoprevir is an orally bioavailable, peptidomimetic inhibitor of hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS3/4A protease, with antiviral activity against HCV and potential antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2. Upon oral administration, danoprevir binds to and blocks the activity of HCV NS3/4A protease. This prevents the cleavage and processing of HCV viral proteins leading to the inhibition of HCV replication. Danoprevir may also bind to and block of the activity of SARS-CoV-2 protease. This prevents the cleavage and processing of SARS-CoV-2 viral proteins leading to the inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 replication. NS3/4A, a chymotrypsin-like serine protease, is responsible for cleavage at four sites of the HCV polyprotein to form the viral proteins required for HCV replication. It plays a key role in the HCV viral replication process. HCV infection is associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A chymotrypsin-like protease is responsible for cleavage of the SARS-CoV-2 viral polyprotein to form the RNA replicase-transcriptase complex, which plays a key role in the SARS-CoV-2 viral transcription and replication process."]], ["Natrii chloridi solutio composita", "C(=O)(O)[O-].O.[OH-].[OH-].[Na+].[Na+].[Cl-].[Cl-].[K+].[Ca+2]", ["An isotonic solution; the base contains SODIUM CHLORIDE; POTASSIUM CHLORIDE; and CALCIUM CHLORIDE. Other chemicals, such as SODIUM BICARBONATE or acetate salts may be added, as needed for pH buffering, or as an energy source."]], ["Natrii lactatis solutio composita", "C[C@@H](C(=O)[O-])O.O.[OH-].[OH-].[Na+].[Na+].[Cl-].[Cl-].[K+].[Ca+2]", ["A crystalloid solution that contains SODIUM CHLORIDE; SODIUM LACTATE; POTASSIUM CHLORIDE; and CALCIUM CHLORIDE. It is used for FLUID THERAPY."]], ["Forigerimod", "CC[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CN=CN1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCSC)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC2=CC=C(C=C2)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(=N)N)C(=O)C(=O)[C@H](CONCC(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N3CCC[C@H]3C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(=N)N)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CC4=CC=C(C=C4)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC5=CC=CC=C5)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC6=CC=C(C=C6)O)C(=O)O)NP(=O)(O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCNC(=N)N)N", ["Forigerimod is under investigation for the treatment of Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic."]], ["Plasmalyte A", "CC(=O)[O-].C([C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](C(=O)[O-])O)O)O)O)O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[K+]", ["Balanced Crystalloid Solution is a multiple electrolyte, isotonic, crystalloid solution for intravenous infusion containing sodium chloride, sodium gluconate, sodium acetate, potassium chloride and magnesium chloride, which can restore electrolyte balance, normalize pH, and provide hydration. Upon intravenous administration, the balanced crystalloid solution will replace lost body fluids and electrolytes thereby providing hydration, normalizing electrolyte concentrations and regulating acid-base balance."]], ["Usistapide", "COC(=O)[C@@H](C1=CC=CC=C1)N2CCC(CC2)C3=CC=C(C=C3)NC(=O)C4=CC=CC=C4C5=CC=C(C=C5)C(F)(F)F", ["Usistapide has been used in trials studying the treatment of Obesity, Overweight, Metabolic Diseases, Nutrition Disorders, and Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases."]], ["Technetium Tc 99m medronate", "C(P(=O)([O-])[O-])P(=O)([O-])[O-].[OH3+].[OH3+].[99Tc+4]", ["Technetium Tc-99m Medronate is a radiopharmaceutical containing methylene diphosphonate (medronate; MDP) complexed with the gamma-emitting radionuclide technetium Tc 99m with radioisotopic activity and hydroxyapatite affinity. Upon intravenous administration, skeletal uptake of technetium Tc 99m methylene diphosphonate occurs as a function of skeletal blood flow and osteogenic activity. The MDP moiety of this agent has affinity for hydroxyapatite crystals in bone with abnormal accumulation at sites with increased osteoid mineralization; labeling of MDP with Tc 99m allows scintigraphic imaging of areas of abnormal osteogenesis associated with malignant bone lesions.", "A gamma-emitting radionuclide imaging agent used primarily in skeletal scintigraphy. Because of its absorption by a variety of tumors, it is useful for the detection of neoplasms."]], ["2-Methoxy-5-(2,4-dioxo-5-thiazolidinyl)-N-((4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)methyl)benzamide", "COC1=C(C=C(C=C1)CC2C(=O)NC(=O)O2)C(=O)NCC3=CC=C(C=C3)C(F)(F)F", ["MK0767 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Dyslipidemia, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, and Diabetes Mellitus, Type II, among others."]], ["Abelcet", "C[C@H]1/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/[C@@H](C[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H](CC(O2)(C[C@H](C[C@H]([C@@H](CC[C@H](C[C@H](CC(=O)O[C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H]1O)C)C)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)C(=O)O)O[C@@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O3)C)O)N)O", ["Amphotericin B is an antifungal prescription medicine approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of several types of fungal infections, such as histoplasmosis and cryptococcosis. Amphotericin B is also FDA-approved for the treatment of two forms of leishmaniasis, which is a parasitic infection. The FDA-approved uses for amphotericin B vary depending on the formulation of the drug."]], ["Friulimicin B", "C[C@H]1[C@@H](C(=O)N2CCCC[C@@H]2C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N3CCC[C@H]3C(=O)N1)C(C)C)[C@@H](C)N)CC(=O)O)CC(=O)O)[C@H](C)C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)N)NC(=O)C/C=C\\CCCCCCCC(C)C", ["Friulimicin B is a naturally occurring antibiotic produced by a micro-organism, *Actinoplanes friuliensis*. It shows strong cidal activity against a number of Gram-positive pathogens which commonly cause serious infections in hospital patients and which are becoming more routinely acquired in the community.", "Friulimicin B is a natural product found in Actinoplanes friuliensis with data available."]], ["Lead, radioactive", "[194Pb].[195Pb].[196Pb].[197Pb].[198Pb].[199Pb].[200Pb].[201Pb].[202Pb].[203Pb].[205Pb].[209Pb].[210Pb].[211Pb].[212Pb].[213Pb].[214Pb]", ["Unstable isotopes of lead that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Pb atoms with atomic weights 194-203, 205, and 209-214 are radioactive lead isotopes."]], ["Epanova", "CC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCCCCCC(=O)O.CC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCCC(=O)O.CC/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\C/C=C\\CCC(=O)O", ["A group of unsaturated fatty acids occurring mainly in fish oils, with three double bonds at particular positions in the hydrocarbon chain."]], ["Dimethyl N,N'-(biphenyl-4,4'-diylbis{1H-imidazole-5,2-diyl-((2S)-pyrrolidine-2,1-diyl)((1S)-1-(1-methylethyl)-2-oxoethane-2,1-diyl)})dicarbamate", "CC(C)C(C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C2=NC=C(N2)C3=CC=C(C=C3)C4=CC=C(C=C4)C5=CN=C(N5)[C@@H]6CCCN6C(=O)C(C(C)C)NC(=O)OC)NC(=O)OC", ["Daclatasvir is an orally available inhibitor of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) non-structural protein 5A (NS5A) replication complex, with potential activity against HCV. Although the exact mechanism of action of daclatasvir has yet to be fully determined, this agent, upon oral administration and after intracellular uptake, appears to bind to domain I of the NS5A protein. This inhibits the activity of the NS5A protein and results in the disruption of the viral RNA replication complex, blockage of viral HCV RNA production, and inhibition of viral replication. NS5A, a zinc-binding and proline-rich hydrophilic phosphoprotein, plays a crucial role in HCV RNA replication. HCV is a small, enveloped, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Flaviviridae family."]], ["Miravirsen", "CC1=CN(C(=O)NC1=O)C2CC(C(O2)COP(=S)(O)OC3C4C(OC3(CO4)COP(=S)(O)OC5CC(OC5COP(=S)(O)OC6C7C(OC6(CO7)CO)N8C=CC(=NC8=O)N)N9C=CC(=NC9=O)N)N1C=NC2=C(N=CN=C21)N)OP(=S)(O)OCC1C(CC(O1)N1C=C(C(=O)NC1=O)C)OP(=S)(O)OCC12COC(C1OP(=S)(O)OCC13COC(C1OP(=S)(O)OCC1C(CC(O1)N1C=CC(=NC1=O)N)OP(=S)(O)OCC1C(CC(O1)N1C=NC4=C(N=CN=C41)N)OP(=S)(O)OCC14COC(C1OP(=S)(O)OCC1C(CC(O1)N1C=NC5=C(N=CN=C51)N)OP(=S)(O)OCC15COC(C1OP(=S)(O)OCC1C(CC(O1)N1C=C(C(=O)NC1=O)C)OP(=S)(O)OCC16COC(C1OP(=S)(O)OCC17COC(C1O)C(O7)N1C=CC(=NC1=O)N)C(O6)N1C=CC(=NC1=O)N)C(O5)N1C=CC(=NC1=O)N)C(O4)N1C=CC(=NC1=O)N)C(O3)N1C=C(C(=O)NC1=O)C)C(O2)N1C=NC2=C1N=C(NC2=O)N", ["Miravirsen has been investigated for the treatment of Hepatitis C and Hepatitis C, Chronic."]], ["Unii-J4RA8K2Q2A", "CC(C)(C)C1=CC(=C(C(=C1)NS(=O)(=O)C)OC)NC(=O)C(=O)C2=CC=C(C3=CC=CC=C32)OCCN4CCOCC4.Cl", ["KC706 is a novel anti-inflammatory drug that works by inhibiting the activity of p38 MAP kinase. KC706 holds potential to treat inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease and cardiovascular disease."]], ["Radavirsen", "CC1=CN(C(=O)NC1=O)[C@H]2CNC[C@H](O2)COP(=O)(N3C[C@H](O[C@H](C3)N4C=C(C(=O)NC4=O)C)COP(=O)(N5C[C@H](O[C@H](C5)N6C=C(C(=O)NC6=O)C)COP(=O)(N7CCNCC7)N8C[C@H](O[C@H](C8)N9C=CC(=NC9=O)N)COP(=O)(N1C[C@H](O[C@H](C1)N1C=C(C(=O)NC1=O)C)COP(=O)(N1C[C@H](O[C@H](C1)N1C=NC2=C(N=CN=C21)N)COP(=O)(N1C[C@H](O[C@H](C1)N1C=CC(=NC1=O)N)COP(=O)(N1C[C@H](O[C@H](C1)N1C=C(C(=O)NC1=O)C)COP(=O)(N1CCNCC1)N1C[C@H](O[C@H](C1)N1C=CC(=NC1=O)N)COP(=O)(N1C[C@H](O[C@H](C1)N1C=NC2=C(N=CN=C21)N)COP(=O)(N1C[C@H](O[C@H](C1)N1C=NC2=C1N=C(NC2=O)N)COP(=O)(N1C[C@H](O[C@H](C1)N1C=NC2=C(N=CN=C21)N)COP(=O)(N1C[C@H](O[C@H](C1)N1C=NC2=C(N=CN=C21)N)COP(=O)(N1C[C@H](O[C@H](C1)N1C=NC2=C1N=C(NC2=O)N)COP(=O)(N1C[C@H](O[C@H](C1)N1C=NC2=C(N=CN=C21)N)COP(=O)(N1C[C@H](O[C@H](C1)N1C=C(C(=O)NC1=O)C)COP(=O)(N1CCNCC1)N1C[C@H](O[C@H](C1)N1C=C(C(=O)NC1=O)C)COP(=O)(N1C[C@H](O[C@H](C1)N1C=NC2=C1N=C(NC2=O)N)COP(=O)(N1C[C@H](O[C@H](C1)N1C=NC2=C1N=C(NC2=O)N)COP(=O)(N1C[C@H](O[C@H](C1)N1C=CC(=NC1=O)N)COP(=O)(N1CCN(CC1)C(=O)OCCOCCOCCO)N(C)C)N(C)C)N(C)C)N(C)C)N(C)C)N(C)C)N(C)C)N(C)C)N(C)C)N(C)C)N(C)C)N(C)C)N(C)C)N(C)C)N(C)C)N(C)C)N(C)C", ["Radavirsen is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01375985 (Safety Study of Single Administration Intravenous Treatment for Influenza)."]], ["Agerafenib", "CC(C)(C1=CC(=NO1)NC(=O)NC2=CC(=CC=C2)OC3=NC=NC4=CC(=C(C=C43)OC)OC)C(F)(F)F", ["Agerafenib is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03052569 (Expanded Access to RXDX-105 for Cancers With RET Alterations).", "Agerafenib is an orally available v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 (B-raf) serine/threonine protein kinase inhibitor with potential antineoplastic activity. Agerafenib specifically and selectively inhibits the activity of the mutated form (V600E) of B-raf kinase. This inhibits the activation of the RAF/mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) signaling pathway and may result in a decrease in the proliferation of tumor cells expressing the mutated B-raf gene. The Raf mutation BRAF V600E, in which valine is substituted for glutamic acid at residue 600, is frequently found in a variety of human tumors and results in the constitutive activation of the RAF/MEK/ERK signaling pathway that regulates cellular proliferation and survival."]], ["2-Thiophenecarboxamide, N-(5-((4-(2-hydroxyacetyl)-1-piperazinyl)methyl)-2-((1E)-2-(1H-indazol-3-yl)ethenyl)phenyl)-3-methyl-, 4-methylbenzenesulfonate (1:1)", "CC1=CC=C(C=C1)S(=O)(=O)O.CC1=C(SC=C1)C(=O)NC2=C(C=CC(=C2)CN3CCN(CC3)C(=O)CO)/C=C/C4=NNC5=CC=CC=C54", ["IGF-1R/IR Inhibitor KW-2450 is an orally bioavailable inhibitor of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) and insulin receptor (IR) tyrosine kinases with potential antineoplastic activity. IGF-1R/IR inhibitor KW-2450 selectively binds to and inhibits the activities of IGF-1R and IR, which may result in the inhibition of tumor cell proliferation and the induction of tumor cell apoptosis. IGF-R1 and IR tyrosine kinases, overexpressed in a variety of human cancers, play significant roles in the stimulation of cellular proliferation, oncogenic transformation, and suppression of apoptosis."]], ["Chromated copper arsenate", "C1C=COC2=CC=CC=C21.[O-][As](=O)([O-])[O-].[O-][As](=O)([O-])[O-].[Cu+2].[Cu+2].[Cu+2]", ["Chromated copper arsenate (CCA) is a mix of copper, chromium, and arsenic formulated as oxides or salts. It is a wood preservative used for timber treatment that preserves the wood from decay fungi, wood attacking insects, including termites, and marine borers. It also improves the weather-resistance of treated timber and may assist paint adherence in the long term. The chromium acts as a chemical fixing agent and has little or no preserving properties; it helps the other chemicals to fix in the timber, binding them through chemical complexes to the wood's cellulose and lignin. The copper acts primarily to protect the wood against decay fungi and bacteria, while the arsenic is the main insecticidal component of CCA. Copper is a chemical element with the symbol Cu and atomic number 29. Copper is an essential elements in plants and animals as it is required for the normal functioning of more than 30 enzymes. It occurs naturally throughout the environment in rocks, soil, water, and air. (L277, L278, L282)"]], ["Myostibin", "C([C@H]([C@@H]1[C@H]2[C@@H](O[Sb](O2)(O1)O[Sb]34O[C@@H]([C@H](O3)[C@@H](CO)O)[C@@H](O4)C(=O)[O-])C(=O)[O-])O)O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[OH-].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+]", ["Sodium stibogluconate is a D-gluconate adduct of indefinite composition containing between 30 and 34% of antimony(V), calculated with reference to dried and methanol-free substance. It is used as a treatment for leishmaniasis. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent and an antileishmanial agent.", "Sodium stibogluconate is a medicine used to treat leishmaniasis and is only available for administration by injection. It belongs to the class of medicines known as the pentavalent antimonials. Sodium stibogluconate is sold in the UK as Pentostam (manufactured by GlaxoSmithKline). Widespread resistance has limited the utility of sodium stibogluconate, and in many parts of the world, amphotericin or miltefosine are used instead. It is also being investigated as an anti-tumor agent.", "Antimony complex where the metal may exist in either the pentavalent or trivalent states. The pentavalent gluconate is used in leishmaniasis. The trivalent gluconate is most frequently used in schistosomiasis."]], ["Glycopeptide", "CCN[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](OC1O)CO)O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O2)CO)O)O)NC(=O)C)OC(C)C(=O)N[C@H](C)C(=O)N[C@H](CCC(=O)N[C@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)O)C(=O)N", ["(2S,5R,10R,13R)-16-{[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-3-{[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-acetamido-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-5-(ethylamino)-6-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]oxy}-5-(4-aminobutyl)-10-carbamoyl-2,13-dimethyl-4,7,12,15-tetraoxo-3,6,11,14-tetraazaheptadecan-1-oic acid is a glycopeptide.", "Glycopeptide is an amino acid polymer consisting of one or more residues with sugar molecules covalently attached to some of the side chains.", "Proteins which contain carbohydrate groups attached covalently to the polypeptide chain. The protein moiety is the predominant group with the carbohydrate making up only a small percentage of the total weight."]], ["Contulakin-G", "CC[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC1=CC=C(C=C1)O)NC(=O)[C@@H]2CCCN2C(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@H]([C@@H](C)O[C@@H]3C([C@H]([C@H]([C@H](O3)CO)O)O[C@H]4[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@H](O4)CO)O)O)O)NC(=O)C)NC(=O)C(C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)N)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)CNC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@@H]5CCC(=O)N5", ["Contulakin-G is a broad spectrum non-opioid analgesic. It is the synthetic form of a natural peptide extracted from the venom of the Conus Geographus sea snail."]], ["Seletalisib", "C1=CC2=CC(=C(N=C2C(=C1)Cl)C3=C[N+](=CC=C3)[O-])[C@H](C(F)(F)F)NC4=NC=NC5=C4N=CC=C5", ["Seletalisib has been used in trials studying the treatment and basic science of Primary Sjogren's Syndrome."]], ["BMS-908662 free base", "CC1=C(C=C(C=C1)Cl)N2C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3C2(C4=CC5=C(C=C4)N=C(N5)NC(=O)OC)O", ["XL281 is a novel anticancer compound designed to potently inhibit the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK signaling pathway. Mutational activation of RAS occurs in about 30 percent of all human tumors, including non-small cell lung, pancreatic, and colon cancer. XL281 is a specific inhibitor of RAF kinases, including the mutant form of B-RAF, which is activated in 60 percent of melanomas, 24-44 percent of thyroid cancers, and 9 percent of colon cancers.", "BMS-908662 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Melanoma and Colorectal Cancer."]], ["Cycloprop(d)indolo(2,1-a)(2)benzazepine-9-carboxamide, 12-cyclohexyl-N-((dimethylamino)sulfonyl)-4b,5,5a,6-tetrahydro-3-methoxy-5a-((3-methyl-3,8-diazabicyclo(3.2.1)oct-8-yl)carbonyl)-, (4bS,5aR)-", "CN1C[C@H]2CC[C@@H](C1)N2C(=O)[C@]34C[C@H]3C5=C(C=CC(=C5)OC)C6=C(C7=C(N6C4)C=C(C=C7)C(=O)NS(=O)(=O)N(C)C)C8CCCCC8", ["Beclabuvir has been used in trials studying the treatment of Hepatitis C, Chronic.", "Beclabuvir is a non-nucleoside, polymerase inhibitor of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) nonstructural protein 5B (NS5B), a RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, with potential activity against HCV. Upon administration and after intracellular uptake, beclabuvir allosterically binds to the non-catalytic Thumb 1 site of viral HCV NS5B polymerase and causes a decrease in viral RNA synthesis and replication. The HCV NS5B protein is essential for the replication of the viral HCV RNA genome. HCV is a small, enveloped, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Flaviviridae family."]], ["Brilanestrant", "CC/C(=C(/C1=CC=C(C=C1)/C=C/C(=O)O)\\C2=CC3=C(C=C2)NN=C3)/C4=C(C=C(C=C4)F)Cl", ["ARN-810 has been used in trials studying the basic science and treatment of Breast Cancer.", "Brilanestrant is an orally available, nonsteroidal selective estrogen receptor degrader (SERD), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, brilanestrant binds to the estrogen receptor and induces a conformational change that results in the degradation of the receptor. This may inhibit the growth and survival of ER-expressing cancer cells."]], ["Lemborexant", "CC1=NC(=NC=C1OC[C@]2(C[C@H]2C(=O)NC3=NC=C(C=C3)F)C4=CC(=CC=C4)F)C", ["Lemborexant is a novel dual orexin receptor antagonist used in the treatment of insomnia characterized by difficulties with sleep onset and/or sleep maintenance. Recent research in the field of sleep disorders has revealed that insomnia is likely driven not by the inability of the brain to \"switch on\" sleep-related circuits, but rather an inability to \"switch-off\" wake-promoting circuits. Whereas historically popular pharmacologic treatments for insomnia (e.g. [zopiclone], [zolpidem], benzodiazepines) focus on enhancing sleep drive via modulation of GABA and melatonin receptors, lemborexant and other orexin antagonists (e.g. [suvorexant]) act to counteract inappropriate wakefulness. This novel mechanism of action offers potential advantages over classic hypnotic agents, including a more favorable adverse effect profile and potentially greater efficacy, and may signal the beginning of a new wave of treatment options for patients suffering from insomnia.", "Lemborexant is an Orexin Receptor Antagonist. The mechanism of action of lemborexant is as an Orexin Receptor Antagonist, and Cytochrome P450 2B6 Inducer.", "Lemborexant is an orexin receptor antagonist used for the treatment of insomnia and sleep disorders. Lemborexant therapy is associated with rare occurrence of transient serum enzyme elevations, but has not been implicated in cases of clinically apparent liver injury."]], ["Benzoic acid, 4-((1S)-1-(((3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-5-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)carbonyl)amino)ethyl)-", "C[C@@H](C1=CC=C(C=C1)C(=O)O)NC(=O)C2=C(N(N=C2C(F)F)C)OC3=CC=CC(=C3)C(F)(F)F", ["Palupiprant is an orally bioavailable antagonist of the prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) receptor type 4 (EP4; EP-4), with potential immunomodulating and antineoplastic activities. Upon oral administration, palupiprant selectively targets, binds to and blocks the activity of immunosuppressive tumor-associated myeloid cells (TAMCs) in the microenvironment. This abolishes TAMC-dependent immunosuppression and reduces tumor cell proliferation. The presence of immunosuppressive myeloid cells in certain tumors is associated with a poor prognosis."]], ["Panulisib", "CC(C)(C#N)C1=NC=C(C=C1)N2C3=C4C=C(C=CC4=NC=C3N(C2=NC#N)C)C5=CC(=C(N=C5)N)C(F)(F)F", ["Panulisib is an orally bioavailable inhibitor of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), activin receptor-like kinase 1 (ALK-1) and DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK), with potential anti-angiogenic and antineoplastic activities. Upon oral administration, panulisib inhibits the activity of all four kinases. This prevents PI3K/mTOR and ALK-1-mediated signaling pathways and may lead to the inhibition of cancer cell growth in PI3K/mTOR-overexpressing tumor cells and angiogenesis in ALK-1-overexpressing endothelial cells. Also, by inhibiting DNA-PK, this agent inhibits the ability of tumor cells to repair damaged DNA. The PI3K/mTOR pathway is upregulated in a variety of tumors and plays an important role in regulating cancer cell proliferation, growth, and survival. ALK-1, a member of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-b) type I receptor family, is overexpressed on endothelial cells in a variety of tumor types and increases endothelial cell proliferation and migration. DNA-PK is activated upon DNA damage and plays a key role in repairing double-stranded DNA breaks."]], ["Deleobuvir", "CN1C2=C(C=CC(=C2)C(=O)NC3(CCC3)C4=NC5=C(N4C)C=C(C=C5)/C=C/C(=O)O)C(=C1C6=NC=C(C=N6)Br)C7CCCC7", ["Deleobuvir is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01983566 (Effect of Food and Increased Gastric pH Value on Bioavailability of a Single Dose of BI 207127 in Healthy Caucasian and Japanese Subjects)."]], ["2-methyl-1-(2-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl)-6-morpholino-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-4-carboxylic acid", "CC1=C(C=CC=C1C(F)(F)F)CN2C(=NC3=C(C=C(C=C32)N4CCOCC4)C(=O)O)C", ["GSK2636771 has been used in trials studying the treatment of CANCER, LYMPHOMA, Solid Neoplasm, Recurrent Solid Neoplasm, and Advanced Malignant Neoplasm, among others.", "PI3K-beta Inhibitor GSK2636771 is an orally bioavailable, substituted benzimidazole inhibitor of the class I phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) beta isoform with potential antineoplastic activity. PI3K beta inhibitor GSK2636771 selectively inhibits PI3K beta kinase activity in the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, which may result in tumor cell apoptosis and growth inhibition in PI3K beta-expressing and/or PTEN-driven tumor cells. Dysregulation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway is frequently found in solid tumors and results in the promotion of tumor cell growth, survival, and resistance to both chemotherapy and radiotherapy. PI3K beta is the p110-beta catalytic subunit of the class I PI3K. PTEN, a tumor suppressor protein and negative regulator of PI3K activity, is often mutated in a variety of cancer cells."]], ["5-(3-(1-Methylcyclopropyl)propyl)-1H-pyrano(2,3-d)pyrimidine-2,4,7(3H)-trione", "CC1(CC1)CCCC2=CC(=O)OC3=C2C(=O)NC(=O)N3", ["Sch 900271 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Mixed Hyperlipidemia and Primary Hypercholesterolemia."]], ["Hassium", "[Hs]", ["Hassium atom is an iron group element atom."]], ["Seaborgium", "[Sg]", ["Seaborgium atom is a chromium group element atom."]], ["Calcium carbimide", "C(=[N-])=[N-].[Ca+2]", ["Calcium cyanamide is the calcium salt of cyanamide, formed when calcium carbide reacts with nitrogen It has a role as a fertilizer. It contains a cyanamide(2-).", "Calcium carbimide, sold as the citrate salt, is an alcohol-sensitizing agent. Its effects are similar to the drug disulfiram (Antabuse) in that it interferes with the normal metabolism of alcohol by preventing the breakdown of the metabolic product acetaldehyde. Calcium carbimide was conceived as an alternative for the treatment of alcoholism with a reduced side effect profile either when it is consumed accompanied by alcohol or without it. This drug was developed by Lederle Cyanamid Canada Inc and approved for marketing in Canada in 1959. The current status of calcium carbimide is cancelled post marketing.", "A cyanide compound which has been used as a fertilizer, defoliant and in many manufacturing processes. It often occurs as the calcium salt, sometimes also referred to as cyanamide. The citrated calcium salt is used in the treatment of alcoholism."]], ["Naloxegol", "COCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCO[C@H]1CC[C@]2([C@H]3CC4=C5[C@]2([C@H]1OC5=C(C=C4)O)CCN3CC=C)O", ["Naloxegol is an organic heteropentacyclic compound that is naloxone in which the keto group is replaced by a PEG moiety. Used for treatment of opioid-induced constipation. It has a role as a mu-opioid receptor antagonist and a cathartic. It is an organic heteropentacyclic compound, a member of phenols, an aromatic ether, a tertiary alcohol and a polyether. It is functionally related to a naloxone. It derives from a hydride of a morphinan.", "Naloxegol, for \"PEGylated naloxol\" is a peripherally-selective opioid antagonist developed by AstraZeneca. It was approved by the FDA in September 2014 and is indicated for the treatment of opioid-induced constipation (OIC) in adult patients with chronic non\u2011cancer pain. The advantage of naloxegol over the opioid antagonist naloxone is that its PEGylated structure allows for high selectivity for peripheral opioid receptors and lack of entry into the central nervous system through the blood-brain barrier.", "Naloxegol is an Opioid Antagonist. The mechanism of action of naloxegol is as an Opioid Antagonist.", "Naloxegol is a peripherally acting opioid antagonist which is used to treat constipation caused by chronic opioid use for noncancer pain. Naloxegol has not been linked to serum enzyme elevations during therapy or to clinically apparent liver injury.", "Naloxegol is a pegylated form of naloxone, a peripherally-acting mu-opioid receptor antagonist, that can be used to reduce opioid-induced symptoms. Upon administration, naloxegol binds to and blocks mu-opioid receptors in the peripheral nervous system. This prevents peripheral opioid receptor activation and abrogates opioid-induced side effects, such as opioid-induced constipation (OIC). Pegylation of naloxone reduces permeability across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and prevents this agent from interfering with the analgesic activity of opioid receptor agonists."]], ["Ensartinib", "C[C@@H]1CN(C[C@@H](N1)C)C(=O)C2=CC=C(C=C2)NC(=O)C3=NN=C(C(=C3)O[C@H](C)C4=C(C=CC(=C4Cl)F)Cl)N", ["Ensartinib is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03420508 (Treating Patients With Melanoma and ALK Alterations With Ensartinib).", "Ensartinib is an orally available small molecule inhibitor of the receptor tyrosine kinase anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, ensartinib binds to and inhibits ALK kinase, ALK fusion proteins and ALK point mutation variants. Inhibition of ALK leads to the disruption of ALK-mediated signaling and eventually inhibits tumor cell growth in ALK-expressing tumor cells. ALK belongs to the insulin receptor superfamily and plays an important role in nervous system development. ALK is not expressed in healthy adult human tissue but ALK dysregulation and gene rearrangements are associated with a series of tumors; ALK mutations are associated with acquired resistance to small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors."]], ["(R)-6-Amino-5-(1-(2,6-dichloro-3-fluorophenyl)ethoxy)-N-(4-(4-methylpiperazine-1-carbonyl)phenyl)pyridazine-3-carboxamide", "C[C@H](C1=C(C=CC(=C1Cl)F)Cl)OC2=CC(=NN=C2N)C(=O)NC3=CC=C(C=C3)C(=O)N4CCN(CC4)C", ["X-396 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Advanced Solid Tumors and Non-small Cell Lung Cancer."]], ["Cavosonstat", "C1=CC(=C(C=C1C(=O)O)Cl)C2=NC3=C(C=C2)C=C(C=C3)O", ["Cavosonstat is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02589236 (Study of Cavosonstat (N91115) in Patients With CF Homozygous for the F508del-CFTR Mutation)."]], ["2-Pyridinecarboxamide, 6-[hexahydro-4-[1-(1-methylethyl)-4-piperidinyl]-1h-1,4-diazepin-1-yl]-n-4-pyridinyl-", "CC(C)N1CCC(CC1)N2CCCN(CC2)C3=CC=CC(=N3)C(=O)NC4=CC=NC=C4", ["USL-311 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02765165 (Phase 1/2 Study of USL311 Alone and in Combination With Lomustine in Subjects With Advanced Solid Tumors and Relapsed/Recurrent Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM)).", "CXCR4 Antagonist USL311 is an orally bioavailable inhibitor of C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, USL311 binds to CXCR4, thereby preventing the binding of stromal-cell derived factor-1 (SDF-1 or CXCL12) to CXCR4 and inhibiting CXCR4 activation, which may result in decreased proliferation and migration of CXCR4-expressing tumor cells. CXCR4, a chemokine receptor belonging to the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family, plays an important role in chemotaxis and angiogenesis, and is upregulated in several tumor cell types."]], ["[3-[[4-(aminomethyl)-1-(5-methyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)piperidine-4-carbonyl]amino]phenyl] N,N-dimethylcarbamate", "CC1=CNC2=C1C(=NC=N2)N3CCC(CC3)(CN)C(=O)NC4=CC(=CC=C4)OC(=O)N(C)C", ["LX-7101 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01528111 (Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, and Efficacy of LX7101 in Subjects With Primary Open-angle Glaucoma or Ocular Hypertension)."]], ["1-Butanone, 1-(3-(4-(3-bromo-1H-pyrazolo(3,4-d)pyrimidin-4-yl)-1-piperazinyl)-4-methyl-5-((2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)ethyl)amino)phenyl)-4,4,4-trifluoro-", "CC1=C(C=C(C=C1N2CCN(CC2)C3=NC=NC4=NNC(=C43)Br)C(=O)CCC(F)(F)F)NCCN5CCCC5", ["XL418 is  a novel anticancer compound.", "Serine/Threonine Kinase Inhibitor XL418 is a selective, orally active small molecule, targeting protein kinase B (PKB or AKT) and ribosomal protein S6 Kinase (p70S6K), with potential antineoplastic activity. XL418 inhibits the activities of PKB and p70S6K, both acting downstream of phosphoinosotide-3 kinase (PI3K). These kinases are often upregulated in a variety of cancers. Inhibition of PKB by this agent will induce apoptosis, while inhibition of p70S6K will result in the inhibition of translation within tumor cells."]], ["LY 2880070 [Who-DD]", "CC1=NC(=C(C=C1)C2=CC(=NN2)NC3=CN=CC(=N3)O[C@@H]4CCCNC4)OC", ["Chk1 Inhibitor LY2880070 is an orally bioavailable, selective, adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-competitive inhibitor of checkpoint kinase 1 (chk1), with potential antineoplastic and chemosensitization activities. Upon oral administration, chk1 inhibitor LY2880070 selectively binds to chk1, thereby preventing chk1 activity and abrogating the repair of damaged DNA. This may lead to an accumulation of damaged DNA, inhibition of cell cycle arrest, and induction of apoptosis. LY2880070 may potentiate the cytotoxicity of DNA-damaging agents and reverse tumor cell resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. Chk1, an ATP-dependent serine/threonine kinase overexpressed in a variety of cancer cell types, mediates cell cycle checkpoint control and is essential for DNA repair; it plays a key role in resistance to chemotherapeutic agents by repairing DNA damage."]], ["GDC-0941 dimethanesulfonate", "CS(=O)(=O)N1CCN(CC1)CC2=CC3=C(S2)C(=NC(=N3)C4=C5C=NNC5=CC=C4)N6CCOCC6.CS(=O)(=O)O.CS(=O)(=O)O", ["Pictilisib Bismesylate is the orally bioavailable bismesylate salt of pictilisib, a small molecule inhibitor of class I phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, pictilisib selectively binds to PI3K in an ATP-competitive manner, inhibiting the production of the secondary messenger phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3) and activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. This may result in inhibition of tumor cell growth, motility and survival in susceptible tumor cell populations. Activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway is frequently associated with tumorigenesis; dysregulated PI3K/Akt signaling may contribute to tumor resistance to a variety of antineoplastic agents."]], ["Prezcobix", "CC(C)CN(C[C@H]([C@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)NC(=O)O[C@H]2CO[C@@H]3[C@H]2CCO3)O)S(=O)(=O)C4=CC=C(C=C4)N.CC(C)C1=NC(=CS1)CN(C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCN2CCOCC2)C(=O)N[C@H](CC[C@H](CC3=CC=CC=C3)NC(=O)OCC4=CN=CS4)CC5=CC=CC=C5", ["Prezcobix is a prescription medicine approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of HIV infection in adults and children who weigh at least 88 lb (40 kg) and meet certain requirements, as determined by a health care provider. Prezcobix is always used in combination with other HIV medicines.", "Darunavir/Cobicistat is a fixed combination of darunavir, an inhibitor of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) protease; and cobicistat, a cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) inhibitor that may be used to treat HIV infection. Upon oral administration, darunavir binds to and inhibits the dimerization and catalytic activity of the HIV aspartyl protease. This inhibits the cleavage of HIV-encoded Gag and Gag-Pol polyproteins in virus-infected cells, which prevents the formation of mature infectious virions. Cobicistat inhibits CYP3A, thereby limiting the metabolism of darunavir and increases its systemic exposure."]], ["S-777469", "CCC1=C(C=C(C(=O)N1CC2=CC=C(C=C2)F)C(=O)NC3(CCCCC3)C(=O)O)C", ["S-777469 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT00703573 (A Randomized, Double-blind Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of 2 Doses of S-777469 in Patients With Atopic Dermatitis)."]], ["Vasoxyl", "C[C@@H]([C@@H](C1=C(C=CC(=C1)OC)OC)O)N.Cl", ["An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist that causes prolonged peripheral VASOCONSTRICTION."]], ["Rociletinib", "CC(=O)N1CCN(CC1)C2=CC(=C(C=C2)NC3=NC=C(C(=N3)NC4=CC(=CC=C4)NC(=O)C=C)C(F)(F)F)OC", ["Rociletinib has been used in trials studying the treatment and prevention of Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer, Non-small Cell Lung Cancer, and Locally Advanced or Metastatic Non-small Cell Lung Cancer.", "Rociletinib is an orally available small molecule, irreversible inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) with potential antineoplastic activity. Rociletinib binds to and inhibits mutant forms of EGFR, including T790M, thereby leading to cell death of resistant tumor cells. Compared to other EGFR inhibitors, CO-1686 inhibits T790M, a secondary acquired resistance mutation, as well as other mutant EGFRs and may have therapeutic benefits in tumors with T790M-mediated resistance to other EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors. This agent shows minimal activity against wild-type EGFR, hence does not cause certain dose-limiting toxicities."]], ["Basmisanil", "CC1=C(C(=NO1)C2=CC=C(C=C2)F)COC3=NC=C(C=C3)C(=O)N4CCS(=O)(=O)CC4", ["Basmisanil has been used in trials studying the treatment and basic science of Down Syndrome."]], ["3-[[2-[2-[2-[[(2S,3R)-2-[[(2S,3S,4R)-4-[[(2S,3R)-2-[[6-amino-2-[(1S)-3-amino-1-[[(2S)-2,3-diamino-3-oxopropyl]amino]-3-oxopropyl]-5-methylpyrimidine-4-carbonyl]amino]-3-[3-[4-carbamoyloxy-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-3-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)propanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxy-2-methylpentanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxybutanoyl]amino]ethyl]-1,3-thiazol-4-yl]-1,3-thiazole-4-carbonyl]amino]propyl-dimethylsulfanium;hydrogen sulfate", "CC1=C(N=C(N=C1N)[C@H](CC(=O)N)NC[C@@H](C(=O)N)N)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@H](C2=CN=CN2)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)OC(=O)N)O)C(=O)N[C@H](C)[C@H]([C@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)NCCC5=NC(=CS5)C6=NC(=CS6)C(=O)NCCC[S+](C)C)O.OS(=O)(=O)[O-]", ["Bleomycin Sulfate is a mixture of the sulfate salts of basic glycopeptide antineoplastic antibiotics isolated from Streptomyces verticillus. Bleomycin sulfate forms complexes with iron that reduce molecular oxygen to superoxide and hydroxyl radicals which cause single- and double-stranded breaks in DNA; these reactive oxygen species also induce lipid peroxidation, carbohydrate oxidation, and alterations in prostaglandin synthesis and degradation.", "A complex of related glycopeptide antibiotics from Streptomyces verticillus consisting of bleomycin A2 and B2. It inhibits DNA metabolism and is used as an antineoplastic, especially for solid tumors."]], ["BGT-226 maleate", "CN1C2=CN=C3C=CC(=CC3=C2N(C1=O)C4=CC(=C(C=C4)N5CCNCC5)C(F)(F)F)C6=CN=C(C=C6)OC.C(=C\\C(=O)O)\\C(=O)O", ["BGT226 is the maleate salt of 8-(6-methoxypyridin-3-yl)-3-methyl-1-[4-(piperazin-1-yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinolin-2-one. A dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent, a mTOR inhibitor and an EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor. It contains a BGT226(1+).", "BGT226 Maleate is the maleate form of BGT226, a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, BGT226 specifically inhibits PI3K in the PI3K/AKT kinase (or protein kinase B) signaling pathway, which may trigger the translocation of cytosolic Bax to the mitochondrial outer membrane, increasing mitochondrial membrane permeability; apoptotic cell death may ensue. Bax is a member of the proapoptotic Bcl2 family of proteins."]], ["(S)-1-(4-(2-(6-Amino-8-((6-bromobenzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)thio)-9H-purin-9-yl)ethyl)piperidin-1-yl)-2-hydroxypropan-1-one", "C[C@@H](C(=O)N1CCC(CC1)CCN2C3=NC=NC(=C3N=C2SC4=C(C=C5C(=C4)OCO5)Br)N)O", ["Hsp90 Inhibitor LAM-003A is an orally bioavailable, synthetic, second-generation small-molecule inhibitor of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) with potential antineoplastic activity. Hsp90 inhibitor LAM-003A selectively binds to Hsp90, thereby inhibiting its chaperone function and promoting the degradation of oncogenic signaling proteins involved in tumor cell proliferation and survival; this agent may inhibit the growth and survival of a wide variety of cancer cell types. Hsp90, a chaperone protein upregulated in a variety of tumor cells, regulates the folding, stability, and degradation of many oncogenic signaling proteins."]], ["N,N'-1,2-ethanediylbis[N-(carboxymethyl)glycine], disodium salt", "C(C[NH+](CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])[NH+](CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-].[Na+].[Na+]", ["EDTA disodium salt (anhydrous) is an organic sodium salt that is the anhydrous form of the disodium salt of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). It has a role as a chelator. It contains an EDTA(2-).", "Edetate Disodium is the disodium salt form of edetate, a heavy metal chelating agent with anti-hypercalcemic and anti-arrhythmic properties. Edetate, a heavy metal antagonist, chelates divalent and trivalent metals, forming soluble stable complexes which are readily excreted by the kidneys, thereby can be used to lower serum calcium concentrations. In addition, this agent exerts a negative inotropic effect on the heart through a transiently induced hypocalcemic state, thereby antagonizing the inotropic and chronotropic effects of digitalis glycosides on the ventricles of the heart. Upon ocular administration, edetate exerts its ophthalmic effect by chelating calcium to form soluble complexes, thereby removing corneal calcium deposits.", "A chelating agent that sequesters a variety of polyvalent cations such as CALCIUM. It is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a food additive.", "See also: Edetate Disodium (preferred)."]], ["4-[5-(cyclopropanecarbonylamino)-2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-N-[4-[(4-propylsulfonylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl]phenyl]benzamide", "CCCS(=O)(=O)N1CCN(CC1)CC2=CC=C(C=C2)NC(=O)C3=CC=C(C=C3)C4=C(C=CC(=C4)NC(=O)C5CC5)OC(F)(F)F", ["AZD7295 has been investigated for the treatment of Hepatitis C."]], ["Pinometostat", "CC(C)N(C[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O1)N2C=NC3=C(N=CN=C32)N)O)O)C4CC(C4)CCC5=NC6=C(N5)C=C(C=C6)C(C)(C)C", ["(2R,3R,4S,5R)-2-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-5-[[[3-[2-(6-tert-butyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)ethyl]cyclobutyl]-propan-2-ylamino]methyl]oxolane-3,4-diol is a 5'-deoxyribonucleoside.", "Pinometostat has been used in trials studying the treatment of Leukemia, Acute Leukemias, Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Myelodysplastic Syndrome, and Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia, among others.", "Pinometostat is a small molecule inhibitor of histone methyltransferase with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon intravenous administration, pinometostat specifically blocks the activity of the histone lysine-methyltransferase DOT1L, thereby inhibiting the methylation of nucleosomal histone H3 on lysine 79 (H3K79) that is bound to the mixed lineage leukemia (MLL) fusion protein which targets genes and blocks the expression of leukemogenic genes. This eventually leads to an induction of apoptosis in the leukemic cells bearing the MLL gene translocations. DOT1L, a non-SET domain-containing histone methyltransferase, specifically methylates H3K79 and plays a key role in normal cell differentiation and in the development of leukemia with MLL gene rearrangement on chromosome 11 and promotes the expression of leukemia-causing genes."]], ["Cadmium;sulfanylidenemercury", "S=[Hg].[Cd]", ["Cadmium mercury sulfide is a sulfide of  cadmium and mercury. Cadmium is a transition metal and chemical element with the symbol Cd and atomic number 48. It is found naturally in the earth's crust, though rarely on it's own. Mercury is a heavy, silvery d-block metal and one of six elements that are liquid at or near room temperature and pressure. It is a naturally occuring substance, and combines with other elements such as chlorine, sulfur, or oxygen to form inorganic mercury compounds (salts). Mercury also combines with carbon to make organic mercury compounds. (L1, L6)"]], ["2-[5-[(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)methylidene]-4-methoxy-2-pyrrolylidene]indole", "CC1=CC(=C(N1)C=C2C(=CC(=C3C=C4C=CC=CC4=N3)N2)OC)C", ["Obatoclax is a small molecule and a pan-inhibitor of Bcl-2 family proteins, with pro-apoptotic activity. GX015-070 is a selective antagonist of the BH3-binding groove of the Bcl-2 family proteins, which are frequently overexpressed in cancers including chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). This agent induces/restores apoptosis in cancer cells by inhibiting apoptosis suppressors in multiple members of the Bcl-2 family simultaneously."]], ["Anlotinib dihydrochloride", "CC1=CC2=C(N1)C=CC(=C2F)OC3=C4C=C(C(=CC4=NC=C3)OCC5(CC5)N)OC.Cl.Cl", ["Anlotinib Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of anlotinib, a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibitor with potential antineoplastic and anti-angiogenic activities. Upon administration, anlotininib targets multiple RTKs, including vascular endothelial growth factor receptor type 2 (VEGFR2) and type 3 (VEGFR3). This agent may both inhibit angiogenesis and halt tumor cell growth."]], ["Gdc-0084", "CC1(C2=NC3=C(N2CCO1)N=C(N=C3N4CCOCC4)C5=CN=C(N=C5)N)C", ["GDC-0084 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03696355 (Study of GDC-0084 in Pediatric Patients With Newly Diagnosed Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma or Diffuse Midline Gliomas).", "Paxalisib is a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor with potential antineoplastic activity. paxalisib specifically inhibits PI3K in the PI3K/AKT kinase (or protein kinase B) signaling pathway, thereby inhibiting the activation of the PI3K signaling pathway. This may result in the inhibition of both cell growth and survival in susceptible tumor cell populations. Activation of the PI3K signaling pathway is frequently associated with tumorigenesis. Dysregulated PI3K signaling may contribute to tumor resistance to a variety of antineoplastic agents."]], ["CPI-0610 anhydrous", "CC1=NOC2=C1C3=CC=CC=C3C(=N[C@H]2CC(=O)N)C4=CC=C(C=C4)Cl", ["Pelabresib Anhydrous is the anhydrous form of pelabresib, a small molecule inhibitor of the Bromodomain and Extra-Terminal (BET) family of proteins, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, pelabresib binds to the acetylated lysine recognition motifs on the bromodomain of BET proteins, thereby preventing the interaction between the BET proteins and acetylated histone peptides. This disrupts chromatin remodeling and gene expression. Prevention of the expression of certain growth-promoting genes may lead to an inhibition of tumor cell growth. Characterized by a tandem repeat of two bromodomains at the N-terminus, the BET proteins (BRD2, BRD3, BRD4 and BRDT) are transcriptional regulators that play an important role during development and cellular growth."]], ["Apinaca", "CCCCCN1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=N1)C(=O)NC34CC5CC(C3)CC(C5)C4", ["AKB48 is a member of indazoles and an aromatic amide."]], ["((4S,5R)-2-(4-(tert-Butyl)-2-ethoxyphenyl)-4,5-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-4,5-dimethyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)(4-(3-(methylsulfonyl)propyl)piperazin-1-yl)methanone", "CCOC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C(C)(C)C)C2=N[C@@]([C@@](N2C(=O)N3CCN(CC3)CCCS(=O)(=O)C)(C)C4=CC=C(C=C4)Cl)(C)C5=CC=C(C=C5)Cl", ["RO-5045337 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01164033 (A Study of RO5045337 in Patients With Solid Tumors).", "MDM2 Antagonist RO5045337 is an MDM2 (human homolog of double minutes-2; HDM2) antagonist with potential antineoplastic activity. RO5045337 binds to MDM2, thereby preventing the binding of the MDM2 protein to the transcriptional activation domain of the tumor suppressor protein p53. By preventing this MDM2-p53 interaction, the proteasome-mediated enzymatic degradation of p53 is inhibited and the transcriptional activity of p53 is restored, which may result in the restoration of p53 signaling and thus the p53-mediated induction of tumor cell apoptosis. MDM2, a zinc finger protein, is a negative regulator of the p53 pathway; often overexpressed in cancer cells, it has been implicated in cancer cell proliferation and survival."]], ["Pixatimod", "C[C@H](CCCC(C)C)[C@H]1CC[C@@H]2[C@@]1(CC[C@H]3[C@H]2CC[C@@H]4[C@@]3(CC[C@@H](C4)O[C@H]5[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O5)COS(=O)(=O)O)O[C@@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)COS(=O)(=O)O)O[C@@H]7[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O7)COS(=O)(=O)O)O[C@@H]8[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O8)COS(=O)(=O)O)OS(=O)(=O)O)OS(=O)(=O)O)OS(=O)(=O)O)OS(=O)(=O)O)OS(=O)(=O)O)OS(=O)(=O)O)OS(=O)(=O)O)OS(=O)(=O)O)OS(=O)(=O)O)C)C", ["Pixatimod is a synthetic sugar modified heparan sulfate mimetic and agonist of toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9), with potential immunostimulating, antineoplastic and anti-viral activities. Upon administration, pixatimod binds to and activates TLR9 expressed by dendritic cells (DCs) and B-cells. This initiates cytokine release from DCs and activates innate immune signaling pathways, and leads to the activation of natural killer (NK) cells to destroy tumor cells. The combination of pixatimod with certain checkpoint inhibitors may enhance the activation of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes to further kill tumor cells. In addition, pixatimod inhibits the cleavage of heparan sulfate from cell surface proteoglycan by heparanase (HPSE) and inhibits the infiltration of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). TLR9, a member of the TLR family, plays a fundamental role in pathogen recognition and activation of innate immunity."]], ["2-(2-Methyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)ethylsulfamide", "CC1=NC=C(N1CCNS(=O)(=O)N)[N+](=O)[O-]", ["Dtp348 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Solid Tumors and Head and Neck Neoplasms.", "CAIX Inhibitor DTP348 is an orally bioavailable, nitroimidazole-based sulfamide, carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) inhibitor with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, CAIX inhibitor DTP348 inhibits tumor-associated CAIX, a hypoxia-inducible transmembrane glycoprotein that catalyzes the reversible reaction and rapid interconversion of carbon dioxide and water to carbonic acid, protons, and bicarbonate ions. This prevents the acidification of the tumor's extracellular microenvironment and decreases the intracellular pH. This results in increased cell death in CAIX-expressing, hypoxic tumors. In addition, DTP348, through its nitroimidazole moiety, is able to sensitize hypoxic tumor cells to irradiation. CAIX is overexpressed in various tumors and plays a key role in intra- and extracellular pH regulation, cancer cell progression, survival, migration and invasion."]], ["3-[[2-[2-[2-[[(2S,3R)-2-[[(2S,3S,4R)-4-[[(2S,3R)-2-[[6-amino-2-[(1S)-3-amino-1-[[(2S)-2,3-diamino-3-oxopropyl]amino]-3-oxopropyl]-5-methylpyrimidine-4-carbonyl]amino]-3-[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-3-[(2S,3S,4R,5S,6S)-4-carbamoyloxy-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-3-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)propanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxy-2-methylpentanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxybutanoyl]amino]ethyl]-1,3-thiazol-4-yl]-1,3-thiazole-4-carbonyl]amino]propyl-dimethylsulfanium", "CC1=C(N=C(N=C1N)[C@H](CC(=O)N)NC[C@@H](C(=O)N)N)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@H](C2=CN=CN2)O[C@H]3[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O3)CO)O)O)O[C@H]4[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O4)CO)O)OC(=O)N)O)C(=O)N[C@H](C)[C@H]([C@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)NCCC5=NC(=CS5)C6=NC(=CS6)C(=O)NCCC[S+](C)C)O", ["Bleomycin Sulfate is a mixture of the sulfate salts of basic glycopeptide antineoplastic antibiotics isolated from Streptomyces verticillus. Bleomycin sulfate forms complexes with iron that reduce molecular oxygen to superoxide and hydroxyl radicals which cause single- and double-stranded breaks in DNA; these reactive oxygen species also induce lipid peroxidation, carbohydrate oxidation, and alterations in prostaglandin synthesis and degradation.", "A complex of related glycopeptide antibiotics from Streptomyces verticillus consisting of bleomycin A2 and B2. It inhibits DNA metabolism and is used as an antineoplastic, especially for solid tumors."]], ["gold(1+);(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4,5-triacetyloxy-6-(acetyloxymethyl)oxane-2-thiolate;triethylphosphanium", "CC[PH+](CC)CC.CC(=O)OC[C@@H]1[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O1)[S-])OC(=O)C)OC(=O)C)OC(=O)C.[Au+]", ["Auranofin is an orally available, lipophilic, organogold compound, used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, with anti-inflammatory and potential antineoplastic activities. Auranofin interacts with selenocysteine residue within the redox-active domain of mitochondrial thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), thereby blocking the activity of TrxR. As a result, this agent induces mitochondrial oxidative stress leading to the induction of apoptosis. Furthermore, this agent strongly inhibits the JAK1/STAT3 signal transduction pathway, thereby suppressing expression of immune factors involved in inflammation. TrxR, overexpressed in many cancer cell types, inhibits apoptosis, promotes cell growth and survival and plays a role in resistance to chemotherapy; TrxR catalyzes the reduction of oxidized thioredoxin (Trx) and plays a central role in regulating cellular redox homeostasis.", "An oral chrysotherapeutic agent for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Its exact mechanism of action is unknown, but it is believed to act via immunological mechanisms and alteration of lysosomal enzyme activity. Its efficacy is slightly less than that of injected gold salts, but it is better tolerated, and side effects which occur are potentially less serious."]], ["Pimaricin", "C[C@@H]1C/C=C/C=C\\C=C\\C=C\\[C@@H](C[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H](C[C@](O2)(C[C@H](C[C@@H]3[C@H](O3)/C=C/C(=O)O1)O)O)O)C(=O)O)O[C@H]4[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O4)C)O)N)O", ["Natamycin is a polyene amphoteric macrolide antibiotic with antifungal properties. Natamycin exerts its antifungal effects by binding to sterols in the fungal cell membrane thereby increasing membrane permeability. This leads to a leakage and loss of essential cellular constituents. Following ocular application, natamycin is retained in the conjunctival fornices and attains effective concentrations within the corneal stroma where it exerts its effect.", "Amphoteric macrolide antifungal antibiotic from Streptomyces natalensis or S. chattanoogensis. It is used for a variety of fungal infections, mainly topically."]], ["1-Pentyl-3-(4-chloro-1-naphthoyl)indole", "CCCCCN1C=C(C2=CC=CC=C21)C(=O)C3=CC=C(C4=CC=CC=C43)Cl", ["JWH 398 is an indolecarboxamide."]], ["2-[(1R,4S,8R,10S,13S,16S,34S)-34-[(2S)-butan-2-yl]-8,22-dihydroxy-13-[(2R,3S)-3-hydroxybutan-2-yl]-2,5,11,14,27,30,33,36,39-nonaoxo-27lambda4-thia-3,6,12,15,25,29,32,35,38-nonazapentacyclo[14.12.11.06,10.018,26.019,24]nonatriaconta-18(26),19(24),20,22-tetraen-4-yl]acetic acid", "CC[C@H](C)[C@H]1C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@H]2CS(=O)C3=C(C[C@@H](C(=O)NCC(=O)N1)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H]4C[C@H](CN4C(=O)[C@@H](NC2=O)CC(=O)O)O)[C@@H](C)[C@H](C)O)C5=C(N3)C=C(C=C5)O", ["epsilon-Amanitin is one of a group of at least eight Amatoxins found in several genera of poisonous mushrooms, most notably Amanita phalloides and several other members of the genus Amanita, as well as some Conocybe, Galerina and Lepiota mushroom species. (L1774)"]], ["Azanium;benzoic acid", "C1=CC=C(C=C1)C(=O)O.[NH4+]", ["Ammonium benzoate appears as a white crystalline solid. Soluble in water. The primary hazard is the threat to the environment. Immediate steps should be taken to limit spread to the environment. Used in medicine and as a food preservative."]], ["Methyldienolone", "C[C@]12CCC3=C4CCC(=O)C=C4CC[C@H]3[C@@H]1CC[C@]2(C)O", ["Methyldienolone is an oxo steroid."]], ["Leniolisib", "CCC(=O)N1CC[C@@H](C1)NC2=NC=NC3=C2CN(CC3)C4=CC(=C(N=C4)OC)C(F)(F)F", ["Leniolisib is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02435173 (Study of Efficacy of CDZ173 in Patients With APDS/PASLI)."]], ["Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose", "CC(COC[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O1)O[C@@H]2[C@H](O[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]2OCC(C)O)OCC(C)O)OCC(C)O)COCC(C)O)OCC(C)O)OCC(C)O)OCC(C)O)O.COC[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O1)O[C@@H]2[C@H](O[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]2OC)OC)OC)COC)OC)OC)OC", ["Polymeric compounds that contain repeating units of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose. The properties of hypromellose polymers can vary greatly and are defined by their molecular weight, the percentage of hydroxyl groups, the percentage of hydroxypropyl groups, and viscosity measurements. They are found a broad variety of commercial products such as FOOD ADDITIVES; EXCIPIENTS; and LUBRICANTS."]], ["Dtxcid5025998", "C[C@H]1/C=C\\C=C(/C(=O)NC2=C(C3=C(C4=C(C(=C3O)C)O[C@@](C4=O)(OC=C[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]1O)C)O)C)OC(=O)C)C)OC)C)C5=C2N6C=CC(=CC6=N5)C)O)\\C", ["Rifaximin is a nonabsorbable antibiotic that is used as treatment and prevention of travelers\u2019 diarrhea and, in higher doses, for prevention of hepatic encephalopathy in patients with advanced liver disease and to treat diarrhea in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Rifaximin has minimal oral absorption and has not been implicated in causing liver test abnormalities or clinically apparent liver injury.", "Rifaximin is an orally administered, semi-synthetic, nonsystemic antibiotic derived from rifamycin SV with antibacterial activity. Rifaximin binds to the beta-subunit of bacterial DNA-dependent RNA polymerase, inhibiting bacterial RNA synthesis and bacterial cell growth. As rifaximin is not well absorbed, its antibacterial activity is largely localized to the gastrointestinal tract.", "A synthetic rifamycin derivative and anti-bacterial agent that is used for the treatment of GASTROENTERITIS caused by ESCHERICHIA COLI INFECTIONS. It may also be used in the treatment of HEPATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY."]], ["Pyridinium, 4-(2-(((6R,7R)-2-carboxy-7-(((2Z)-2-(ethoxyimino)-1-oxo-2-(5-(phosphonoamino)-1,2,4-thiadiazol-3-yl)ethyl)amino)-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo(4.2.0)oct-2-en-3-yl)thio)-4-thiazolyl)-1-methyl-, inner salt", "CCO/N=C(/C1=NSC(=N1)NP(=O)(O)[O-])\\C(=O)N[C@H]2[C@@H]3N(C2=O)C(=C(CS3)SC4=NC(=CS4)C5=CC=[N+](C=C5)C)C(=O)O", ["Ceftaroline Fosamil is an N-phosphono prodrug of the fifth-generation cephalosporin derivative ceftaroline with antibacterial activity. Ceftaroline fosamil is hydrolyzed to the active form ceftaroline in vivo. Ceftaroline binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall. PBPs are enzymes involved in the terminal stages of assembling the bacterial cell wall and in reshaping the cell wall during growth and division. Inactivation of PBPs interferes with the cross-linkage of peptidoglycan chains necessary for bacterial cell wall strength and rigidity. This results in the weakening of the bacterial cell wall and causes cell lysis."]], ["2-[2-[4-[(4-Chlorophenyl)-phenylmethyl]piperazin-1-yl]ethoxy]acetic acid;hydron;dichloride", "[H+].[H+].C1CN(CCN1CCOCC(=O)O)C(C2=CC=CC=C2)C3=CC=C(C=C3)Cl.[Cl-].[Cl-]", ["Cetirizine Hydrochloride is a synthetic phenylmethyl-piperazinyl derivative, antihistaminic Cetirizine is a metabolite of hydroxyzine and a selective peripheral histamine H1-receptor antagonist. It is used for symptomatic treatment of seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis and for chronic urticaria. (NCI04)", "See also: Cetirizine Hydrochloride (preferred)."]], ["hydron;(1S,9S,10S)-4-methoxy-17-methyl-17-azatetracyclo[7.5.3.01,10.02,7]heptadeca-2(7),3,5-triene;bromide;hydrate", "[H+].CN1CC[C@@]23CCCC[C@@H]2[C@@H]1CC4=C3C=C(C=C4)OC.O.[Br-]", ["Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide is the hydrobromide salt form of dextromethorphan, a synthetic, methylated dextrorotary analogue of levorphanol, a substance related to codeine and a non-opioid derivate of morphine. Dextromethorphan exhibits antitussive activity and is devoid of analgesic or addictive property. This agent crosses the blood-brain-barrier and activates sigma opioid receptors on the cough center in the central nervous system, thereby suppressing the cough reflex.", "Methyl analog of DEXTRORPHAN that shows high affinity binding to several regions of the brain, including the medullary cough center. This compound is an NMDA receptor antagonist (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and acts as a non-competitive channel blocker. It is one of the widely used ANTITUSSIVES, and is also used to study the involvement of glutamate receptors in neurotoxicity."]], ["2-Piperazinecarboxamide, 4-(5-cyclopropylthiazolo(4,5-d)pyrimidin-2-yl)-n-((3-fluoro-4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)methyl)-1-((4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)sulfonyl)-, (2R)-", "C1CC1C2=NC=C3C(=N2)N=C(S3)N4CCN([C@H](C4)C(=O)NCC5=CC(=C(C=C5)OC(F)(F)F)F)S(=O)(=O)C6=CC=C(C=C6)C(F)(F)F", ["JTK-853 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Hepatitis C Virus Infection, Response to Therapy of."]], ["Samotolisib", "C[C@@H](CN1C2=C3C=C(C=CC3=NC=C2N(C1=O)C)C4=CC(=CN=C4)C(C)(C)O)OC", ["LY3023414 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Neoplasm, Solid Tumor, COLON CANCER, BREAST CANCER, and Advanced Cancer, among others.", "Samotolisib is an orally bioavailable, small molecule inhibitor of certain class I phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) isoforms and mammalian target of rapamycin kinase (mTOR) in the PI3K/mTOR signaling pathway, with potential antineoplastic activity. Samotolisib inhibits both certain PI3K isoforms and mTOR in an ATP-competitive manner which may inhibit both the PI3K/mTOR signaling pathway in and proliferation of tumor cells overexpressing PI3K and/or mTOR. The PI3K/mTOR pathway is upregulated in a variety of tumor cells and plays a key role in promoting cancer cell proliferation, and survival, motility and resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. mTOR, a serine/threonine kinase downstream of PI3K, may also be activated in a PI3K-independent fashion; therefore, this agent may be more potent than an agent that inhibits either PI3K or mTOR alone. In addition, LY3023414 may inhibit DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK), thereby inhibiting the ability of tumor cells to repair damaged DNA. DNA-PK is activated upon DNA damage and plays a key role in repairing double-stranded DNA breaks."]], ["4-[[(2R)-1-(1-benzothiophene-3-carbonyl)-2-methylazetidine-2-carbonyl]-[(3-chlorophenyl)methyl]amino]butanoic acid", "C[C@@]1(CCN1C(=O)C2=CSC3=CC=CC=C32)C(=O)N(CCCC(=O)O)CC4=CC(=CC=C4)Cl", ["GLPG-0974 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01721980 (Multiple Ascending Dose Study of GLPG0974 in Healthy Subjects)."]], ["Jbpos-0101", "C[C@@H]([C@H](C1=CC=CC=C1Cl)O)OC(=O)N", ["JBPOS0101 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03976076 (A Study of Orally Administered JBPOS0101 in Refractory Infantile Spasms Patients)."]], ["N-(6-Amino-5-(2-chloro-5-methoxyphenyl)pyridin-2-yl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide", "CN1C(=CC=N1)C(=O)NC2=NC(=C(C=C2)C3=C(C=CC(=C3)OC)Cl)N", ["Pf-04531083 has been investigated for the treatment of Pain and Chronic Pain."]], ["[6-[[5-Fluoro-2-(3,4,5-trimethoxyanilino)pyrimidin-4-yl]amino]-2,2-dimethyl-3-oxopyrido[3,2-b][1,4]oxazin-4-yl]methyl phosphate", "CC1(C(=O)N(C2=C(O1)C=CC(=N2)NC3=NC(=NC=C3F)NC4=CC(=C(C(=C4)OC)OC)OC)COP(=O)([O-])[O-])C", ["Fostamatinib Disodium is an orally available disodium salt of the Syk kinase inhibitor fostamatinib with potential anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating activities. Fostamatinib inhibits Syk kinase-mediated IgG Fc gamma receptor signaling, resulting in inhibition of the activation of mast cells, macrophages, and B-cells and related inflammatory responses and tissue damage. Syk kinase, widely expressed in hematopoietic cells, is a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase that is involved in coupling activated immunoreceptors to signal downstream events that mediate diverse cellular responses, including proliferation, differentiation, and phagocytosis."]], ["prodrug of R-406", "CC1(C(=O)N(C2=C(O1)C=CC(=N2)NC3=NC(=NC=C3F)NC4=CC(=C(C(=C4)OC)OC)OC)COP(=O)([O-])[O-])C.[Na+].[Na+]", ["Fostamatinib Disodium is an orally available disodium salt of the Syk kinase inhibitor fostamatinib with potential anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating activities. Fostamatinib inhibits Syk kinase-mediated IgG Fc gamma receptor signaling, resulting in inhibition of the activation of mast cells, macrophages, and B-cells and related inflammatory responses and tissue damage. Syk kinase, widely expressed in hematopoietic cells, is a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase that is involved in coupling activated immunoreceptors to signal downstream events that mediate diverse cellular responses, including proliferation, differentiation, and phagocytosis."]], ["4-(2-Amino-4-chloro-7-((4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-2-pyridyl)methyl)pyrrolo(2,3-d)pyrimidin-5-yl)but-3-ynyl dihydrogen phosphate", "CC1=CN=C(C(=C1OC)C)CN2C=C(C3=C2N=C(N=C3Cl)N)C#CCCOP(=O)(O)O", ["Hsp90 Inhibitor BIIB028 is a small-molecule inhibitor of heat shock protein (Hsp) 90 with potential antineoplastic activity. Hsp90 inhibitor BIIB028 blocks the binding of oncogenic client proteins to Hsp90, which may result in the proteasomal degradation of these proteins and so the inhibition of tumor cell proliferation. Hsp90 is a molecular chaperone that plays a key role in the conformational maturation of oncogenic signaling proteins, such as Her2/Erbb2, Akt, Raf1, Bcr-Abl, and mutated p53, in addition to other molecules involved in cell cycle regulation and immune responses."]], ["Veledimex", "CCC[C@H](C(C)(C)C)N(C(=O)C1=CC(=CC(=C1)C)C)NC(=O)C2=C(C(=CC=C2)OC)CC", ["Veledimex has been used in trials studying the treatment of Glioblastoma Multiforme, Metastatic Breast Cancer, and Anaplastic Oligoastrocytoma.", "Veledimex is an orally bioavailable, small molecule diacylhydrazine-based activator ligand, that can be used to activate certain genes using the ecdysone receptor (EcR)-based inducible gene regulation system, the RheoSwitch Therapeutic System (RTS). Upon administration of veledimex, this agent specifically binds to the EcR located on the separately administered RTS, which includes two fusions proteins: Gal4-EcR, which contains a modified ecdysone receptor (EcR) fused with the DNA binding domain of the yeast Gal4 transcription factor, and VP16-RXR, which contains a chimeric retinoid X receptor (RXR) fused with the transcription activation domain of the viral protein VP16 of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV1). The fusion proteins form inactive, unstable and unproductive heterodimers in the absence of veledimex. In the presence of veledimex, the protein heterodimer changes to a stable conformation, forming an active transcription factor complex, which can bind to the inducible promoter, thereby allowing the induction of controlled transcription of the target gene."]], ["Unii-tbj73rqt8F", "C1CN(CC=C1C2=C(C=C(C=N2)[C@@H](CO)O)Cl)C(=O)NC3=NC=C(C=C3)C(F)(F)F", ["V116517 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01688947 (Analgesic Efficacy and Safety of V116517 in Subjects With Moderate to Severe Chronic Pain Due to Postherpetic Neuralgia (PHN))."]], ["(E)-N-(4-(3-(tert-Butyl)-5-(2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)-2-methoxystyryl)phenyl)methanesulfonamide", "CC(C)(C)C1=CC(=CC(=C1OC)/C=C/C2=CC=C(C=C2)NS(=O)(=O)C)N3C=CC(=O)NC3=O", ["ABT-072 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT00890318 (A Study in Healthy Adult Subjects to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetic Profiles of Multiple Doses of ABT-072 Used to Treat Hepatitis C)."]], ["Plocabulin", "C/C=C\\C[C@@H](C/C=C\\NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)(C)C)NC(=O)/C=C\\C=C/C(=C/[C@H](C)[C@@H]1CC=C(C(=O)O1)OC)/C)OC(=O)N", ["PM060184 has been used in trials studying Solid Tumors.", "Plocabulin is a marine-derived, synthetically produced compound with potential antineoplastic activity. Plocabulin covalently binds to residues lying in the minor groove of DNA, which may result in delayed progression through S phase, cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase and cell death."]], ["Elenbecestat", "C[C@@H]1[C@H]2CSC(=N[C@]2(CO1)C3=C(C=CC(=C3)NC(=O)C4=NC=C(N=C4)C(F)F)F)N", ["Elenbecestat is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02956486 (A 24-Month Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Elenbecestat (E2609) in Subjects With Early Alzheimer's Disease)."]], ["Difamilast", "CCOC1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)NCC2=COC(=N2)C3=CC(=C(C=C3)OC(F)F)OC(C)C", ["Difamilast is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01702181 (A Safety Study to Evaluate the Use and Effectiveness of a Topical Ointment to Treat Adults With Atopic Dermatitis)."]], ["Dorzagliatin", "CC(C)C[C@@H](C(=O)NC1=NN(C=C1)C[C@H](CO)O)N2CC(=CC2=O)OC3=CC=CC=C3Cl", ["Dorzagliatin is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03173391 (Long-term Efficacy and Safety of HMS5552 in T2DM)."]], ["Peficitinib", "C1[C@@H]2CC3(C[C@@H](C2NC4=C5C=CNC5=NC=C4C(=O)N)CC1C3)O", ["Peficitinib has been used in trials studying the treatment and basic science of Psoriasis, Pharmacodynamics, Drug Interactions, Colitis, Ulcerative, and RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS, among others."]], ["(S)-N-(4-(2-((4-morpholinophenyl)amino)pyrimidin-4-yl)phenyl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide", "C1C[C@H](NC1)C(=O)NC2=CC=C(C=C2)C3=NC(=NC=C3)NC4=CC=C(C=C4)N5CCOCC5", ["XL019 is a selective inhibitor of the cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase JAK2. An IND for XL019 was filed by Exelixis in May 2007.", "JAK2 Inhibitor XL019 is an orally bioavailable inhibitor of Janus-associated kinase 2 (JAK2) with potential antineoplastic activity. XL019 inhibits the activation of JAK2 as well as the mutated form JAK2V617F, which may result in the inhibition of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway and may induce apoptosis. The JAK2 mutated form JAK2V617F has a valine-to-phenylalanine modification at position 617 and plays a key role in tumor cell proliferation and survival."]], ["(4R,5S)-5-((2-aminoethyl)amino)-N(2)-(10,12-dimethyltetradecanoyl)-4-hydroxy-L-ornithyl-L-threonyl-trans-4-hydroxy-L-prolyl-(S)-4-hydroxy-4-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-L-threonyl-threo-3-hydroxy-L-ornithyl-trans-3-hydroxy-L-proline cyclic (6-1)-peptide", "CC[C@H](C)C[C@H](C)CCCCCCCCC(=O)NC1C[C@H]([C@H](NC(=O)[C@@H]2[C@H](CCN2C(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H]3C[C@H](CN3C(=O)[C@@H](NC1=O)[C@@H](C)O)O)[C@@H]([C@H](C4=CC=C(C=C4)O)O)O)[C@@H](CCN)O)O)NCCN)O", ["Caspofungin is a semisynthetic cyclic hexapeptide echinocandin antibiotic which exerts its effect by inhibiting the synthesis of 1,3-beta-D-glucan, an integral component of the fungal cell wall. It has a role as an antiinfective agent. It is a homodetic cyclic peptide, an echinocandin, a semisynthetic derivative and an antibiotic antifungal drug. It is functionally related to a pneumocandin B0.", "Caspofungin is an antimycotic echinocandin lipopeptide, semisynthetically derived from a fermentation product of the fungus Glarea lozoyensis. Caspofungin inhibits 1,3-beta-glucan synthase, resulting in decreased synthesis of beta(1,3)-D-glucan (an essential component of the fungal cell wall), weakening of the fungal cell wall, and fungal cell wall rupture. This agent is active against Aspergillus and Candida species.", "A cyclic lipopeptide echinocandin and beta-(1,3)-D-glucan synthase inhibitor that is used to treat internal or systemic MYCOSES."]], ["Presatovir", "CC1=CN2C(=CC(=N2)[C@@H]3CCCCN3C(=O)C4=C(C=CC(=C4)Cl)NS(=O)(=O)C)N=C1N5CC[C@@H](C5)N", ["Presatovir has been used in trials studying the treatment of RSV Infection, Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections, and Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Infections.", "Presatovir is an orally available inhibitor of human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) fusion protein (F protein), with potential antiviral activity. Upon oral administration of GS-5806, this agent specifically binds to F protein on the viral surface, which inhibits RSV F protein-mediated fusion with the host cell membrane and prevents viral entry. This blocks RSV replication, reduces viral load, and decreases the severity of the disease. RSV F protein, a viral surface glycoprotein, plays a key role in RSV fusion with and entry into target cells."]], ["Acetic acid, 2-(((1R,2R,4R)-4-amino-2-hydroxycyclohexyl)thio)-, (3aS,4R,5S,6S,8R,9R,9aR,10R)-6-ethenyldecahydro-5-hydroxy-4,6,9,10-tetramethyl-1-oxo-3a,9-propano-3ah-cyclopentacycloocten-8-yl ester", "C[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@](C[C@H]([C@]2([C@H]3[C@@]1(CCC2C)CCC3=O)C)OC(=O)CS[C@@H]4CC[C@H](C[C@H]4O)N)(C)C=C)O", ["Lefamulin is a pleuromutilin antibiotic used for the treatment of bacterial community-acquired pneumonia. A pleuromotilin is a more recently developed type of antibiotic that is derived from the fungus, Pleurotus mutilus. Lefamulin is available in intravenous and oral preparations and was granted FDA approval in August 2019.  This drug is the first semi-synthetic pleuromutilin that has been designed for systemic administration. Lefamulin features a novel mechanism of action that shows benefit against resistant bacteria that cause pneumonia. The chemical structure of lefamulin contains a tricyclic mutilin core that is necessary for some of its antimicrobial activity."]], ["Dezapelisib", "CC1=CSC2=NC(=C(C(=O)N12)C3=CC(=CC=C3)F)[C@H](C)NC4=NC=NC5=C4NC=N5", ["Dezapelisib is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02456675 (INCB040093 and INCB040093 Combined With Itacitinib (INCB039110) in Relapsed/refractory Hodgkin Lymphoma).", "Dezapelisib is an orally bioavailable, selective inhibitor of the delta isoform of the 110 kDa catalytic subunit of class I phosphoinositide-3 kinases (PI3K) with potential antineoplastic activity. Dezapelisib specifically inhibits PI3Kdelta, which prevents both the production of the second messenger phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3) and the activation of the PI3K/AKT kinase signaling pathway. This decreases proliferation and induces cell death in PI3K-overexpressing tumor cells. Unlike other isoforms of PI3K, PI3Kdelta is often overexpressed in tumor cells, especially those of hematologic origin, and plays a crucial role in tumor cell regulation and survival. The targeted inhibition of PI3Kdelta allows for PI3K signaling in normal, non-neoplastic cells."]], ["Benzo-lipoxin A4", "CCCCC[C@H](/C=C/C1=CC=CC=C1/C=C/[C@H]([C@H](CCCC(=O)O)O)O)O", ["BLXA4 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Gingival Inflammation."]], ["Liafensine", "CN1C[C@H](C2=C(C1)C=C(C=C2)C3=NN=C(C=C3)N)C4=CC5=CC=CC=C5C=C4", ["Liafensine is a member of isoquinolines.", "Liafensine is under investigation in clinical trial NCT00892840 (Multiple-Ascending Dose Study)."]], ["5-((1-Ethyl-4-piperidinyl)oxy)-9H-pyrrolo(2,3-b:5,4-c')dipyridine-6-carbonitrile", "CCN1CCC(CC1)OC2=C3C4=C(NC3=CN=C2C#N)N=CC=C4", ["GDC-0425 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01359696 (A Study Evaluating the Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of GDC-0425 Administered With and Without Gemcitabine in Patients With Refractory Solid Tumors or Lymphoma).", "Chk1 Inhibitor GDC-0425 is an orally bioavailable inhibitor of checkpoint kinase 1 (chk1), with potential antineoplastic and chemosensitization activities. Upon oral administration, chk1 inhibitor GDC-0425 selectively binds to chk1, thereby preventing activity of chk1 and abrogating the repair of damaged DNA. This may lead to an accumulation of damaged DNA, inhibition of cell cycle arrest, and induction of apoptosis. GDC-0425 may potentiate the cytotoxicity of DNA-damaging agents and reverse tumor cell resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. Chk1, an ATP-dependent serine/threonine kinase, mediates cell cycle checkpoint control, is essential for DNA repair, and plays a key role in resistance to chemotherapeutic agents."]], ["(3S)-3-methylsulfanyl-1-[2-[4-[4-(1-methyl-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl]-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyridin-1-yl]-2-oxoethyl]-N-[3-(6-propan-2-yloxypyridin-3-yl)-1H-indazol-5-yl]pyrrolidine-3-carboxamide", "CC(C)OC1=NC=C(C=C1)C2=NNC3=C2C=C(C=C3)NC(=O)[C@@]4(CCN(C4)CC(=O)N5CCC(=CC5)C6=CC=C(C=C6)C7=NN(C=N7)C)SC", ["MK-8353 is a member of the class of indazoles that is 1H-indazole substituted by a 6-(propan-2-yloxy)pyridin-3-yl group at position 3 and by a {[(3S)-3-(methylsulfanyl)-1-(2-{4-[4-(1-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl]-3,6-dihydropyridin-1(2H)-yl}-2-oxoethyl)pyrrolidin-3-yl]carbonyl}amino group at position 5. It is a potent and selective inhibitor of ERK1 and ERK2 in vitro (IC50 values of 23.0 nM and 8.8 nM, respectively). The drug is being developed by Merck Sharp & Dohme and is currently in clinical development for the treatment of advanced/metastatic solid tumors. It has a role as an EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor, an antineoplastic agent and an apoptosis inducer. It is a member of indazoles, a member of triazoles, a dihydropyridine, a member of pyridines, an aromatic ether, a secondary carboxamide, a pyrrolidinecarboxamide, a N-alkylpyrrolidine, a methyl sulfide and a tertiary carboxamide."]], ["Cc-223", "CC(C)(C1=NC=C(C=C1)C2=CN=C3C(=N2)N(C(=O)CN3)C4CCC(CC4)OC)O", ["Onatasertib (CC-223) has been used in trials studying the treatment and basic science of Multiple Myeloma, Glioblastoma Multiforme, HepatoCellular Carcinoma, Non-small Cell Lung Cancer, and Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma, among others.", "Onatasertib is an orally available inhibitor of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) with potential antineoplastic activity. Onatasertib inhibits the activity of mTOR, which may result in the induction of tumor cell apoptosis and a decrease in tumor cell proliferation. mTOR, a serine/threonine kinase that is upregulated in a variety of tumors, plays an important role downstream in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, which is frequently dysregulated in human cancers."]], ["Cc-115", "CCN1C(=O)CNC2=NC=C(N=C21)C3=C(N=C(C=C3)C4=NC=NN4)C", ["CC-115 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Prostate Cancer, Neoplasm Metastasis, Ewing's Osteosarcoma, Glioblastoma Multiforme, and Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia, among others.", "DNA-PK/TOR Kinase Inhibitor CC-115 is a dual inhibitor of DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), with potential antineoplastic activity. CC-115 binds to and inhibits the activity of DNA-PK and both raptor-mTOR (TOR complex 1 or TORC1) and rictor-mTOR (TOR complex 2 or TORC2), which may lead to a reduction in cellular proliferation of cancer cells expressing DNA-PK and TOR. DNA-PK, a serine/threonine kinase and a member of the PI3K-related kinase subfamily of protein kinases, is activated upon DNA damage and plays a key role in repairing double-stranded DNA breaks via the DNA nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) pathway; mTOR, a serine/threonine kinase that is upregulated in a variety of tumors, plays an important role downstream in the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway."]], ["Samatasvir", "CC(C)[C@@H](C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C2=NC3=C(N2)C=C(C=C3)C4=CSC5=C4SC=C5C6=CC=C(C=C6)C7=CN=C(N7)[C@@H]8CCCN8C(=O)[C@@H](C9=CC=CC=C9)NC(=O)OC)NC(=O)OC", ["Samatasvir has been used in trials studying the treatment of Hepatitis C, Chronic, Chronic Hepatitis C Virus, and Chronic Hepatitis C Infection."]], ["2-[2-Amino-2-(3-hydroxy-1-adamantyl)acetyl]-2-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-3-carbonitrile", "C1C2CC2N(C1C#N)C(=O)C(C34CC5CC(C3)CC(C5)(C4)O)N", ["Saxagliptin is a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor which is used in combination with diet and exercise in the therapy of type 2 diabetes, either alone or in combination with other oral hypoglycemic agents. Saxagliptin is a relatively new medication and has yet to be implicated in causing clinically apparent liver injury.", "Saxagliptin is a potent, selective and competitive, cyanopyrrolidine-based, orally bioavailable inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4), with hypoglycemic activity. Saxagliptin is metabolized into an, although less potent, active mono-hydroxy metabolite."]], ["2-(2-methylimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazol-6-yl)-1-[2-[(1R)-5-(6-methylpyrimidin-4-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-yl]-2,7-diazaspiro[3.5]nonan-7-yl]ethanone", "CC1=CC(=NC=N1)C2=CC3=C(C=C2)[C@@H](CC3)N4CC5(C4)CCN(CC5)C(=O)CC6=CN7C=C(SC7=N6)C", ["PF-5190457 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01522807 (A Study Of Three PF-05190457 Formulations In Healthy Volunteers)."]], ["Doravirine", "CN1C(=NNC1=O)CN2C=CC(=C(C2=O)OC3=CC(=CC(=C3)C#N)Cl)C(F)(F)F", ["Doravirine (brand name: Pifeltro) is a prescription medicine approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of HIV infection in adults and children who weigh at least 77 lb (35 kg) and who meet certain requirements, as determined by a health care provider. Doravirine is always used in combination with other HIV medicines.", "Doravirine is an HIV-1 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) intended to be administered in combination with other antiretroviral medicines. Doravirine is available by itself or as a combination product of doravirine (100 mg), lamivudine (300 mg), and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (300 mg).  Doravirine is formally indicated for the treatment of HIV-1 infection in adult patients with no prior antiretroviral treatment experience, further expanding the possibility and choice of therapeutic treatments available for the management of HIV-1 infection.", "Doravirine is a Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 Non-Nucleoside Analog Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor. The mechanism of action of doravirine is as a Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor.", "Doravirine is a nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor used in combination with other antiretroviral agents in the therapy of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Doravirine is associated with a low rate of transient serum aminotransferase elevations during therapy but has not been implicated in cases of clinically apparent acute liver injury."]], ["CFI-400945 free base", "C[C@@H]1CN(C[C@@H](O1)C)CC2=CC=C(C=C2)/C=C/C3=NNC4=C3C=CC(=C4)[C@@H]5C[C@]56C7=C(C=CC(=C7)OC)NC6=O", ["PLK4 Inhibitor CFI-400945 is a  polo-like kinase 4 (PLK4) inhibitor with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, polo-like kinase 4 inhibitor CFI-400945 selectively inhibits PLK4, which results in the disruption of mitosis and the induction of apoptosis. PLK4 inhibition also prevents cell division and inhibits proliferation of PLK4-overexpressing tumor cells. PLK4, a member of the polo family of serine/threonine kinases overexpressed in a variety of cancer cell types, plays a crucial role in the regulation of centriole duplication during the cell cycle."]], ["Bimiralisib", "C1COCCN1C2=NC(=NC(=N2)C3=CN=C(C=C3C(F)(F)F)N)N4CCOCC4", ["Bimiralisib is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02723877 (PQR309 and Eribulin in Metastatic HER2 Negative and Triple-negative Breast Cancer (PIQHASSO)).", "Bimiralisib is an orally bioavailable pan inhibitor of phosphoinositide-3-kinases (PI3K) and inhibitor of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), with potential antineoplastic activity. Bimiralisib inhibits the PI3K kinase isoforms alpha, beta, gamma and delta and, to a lesser extent, mTOR kinase, which may result in tumor cell apoptosis and growth inhibition in cells overexpressing PI3K/mTOR. Activation of the PI3K/mTOR pathway promotes cell growth, survival, and resistance to both chemotherapy and radiotherapy. As mTOR, a serine/threonine kinase downstream of PI3K, may also be activated independent of PI3K, this agent may potentially be more potent than an agent that inhibits either PI3K kinase or mTOR kinase. By inhibiting mTOR to a lesser extent than PI3K, PQR309 does not interfere with the mTOR-mediated negative feedback loop on PI3K signaling. Blocking the negative feedback loop would potentially increase PI3K signaling and decrease therapeutic efficacy."]], ["Upadacitinib", "CC[C@@H]1CN(C[C@@H]1C2=CN=C3N2C4=C(NC=C4)N=C3)C(=O)NCC(F)(F)F", ["Upadacitinib is an oral Janus kinase (JAK)1-selective inhibitor and a disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis to slow down disease progression. Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease affecting the peripheral joints. It is characterized by synovial inflammation and hyperplasia, autoantibody production, cartilage damage and bone destruction, leading to co-morbidities. Despite a variety of therapeutic agents available for treatment, up to 40% of the patients do not respond to current therapies, including biological therapies. The etiology of the disease is mostly unknown; however, the role of JAK as a driver of immune-mediated conditions was discovered, leading to the use of JAK as therapeutic targets for rheumatoid arthritis. To reduce dose-related toxicity (as seen with some pan-JAK inhibitors) without significantly affecting efficacy, more selective JAK1 inhibitors, upadacitinib and [filgotinib], were developed.  The FDA approved upadacitinib in August 2019 and it is used for the treatment of active rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, atopic dermatitis, ulcerative colitis, and ankylosing spondylitis. In December 2019, it was additionally approved by the European Commission. Upadacitinib is marketed under the brand name RINVOQ for oral administration.", "Upadacitinib is an oral selective inhibitor of Janus associated kinase 1 (JAK-1) that is used in the therapy of moderate-to-severe rheumatoid arthritis. Upadacitinib has been associated with a low rate of serum enzyme elevations during therapy, but has not been linked to cases of clinically apparent acute liver injury although it may pose a risk for reactivation of hepatitis B in susceptible patients."]], ["2-((3R,5R,6S)-5-(3-chlorophenyl)-6-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-((S)-1-(isopropylsulfonyl)-3-methylbutan-2-yl)-3-methyl-2-oxopiperidin-3-yl)acetic acid", "CC(C)[C@@H](CS(=O)(=O)C(C)C)N1[C@@H]([C@H](C[C@](C1=O)(C)CC(=O)O)C2=CC(=CC=C2)Cl)C3=CC=C(C=C3)Cl", ["Navtemadlin (AMG-232) is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03041688 (MDM2 Inhibitor AMG-232 and Decitabine in Treating Patients With Relapsed, Refractory, or Newly-Diagnosed Acute Myeloid Leukemia).", "Navtemadlin is an orally available inhibitor of MDM2 (murine double minute 2), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration,navtemadlin binds to the MDM2 protein and prevents its binding to the transcriptional activation domain of the tumor suppressor protein p53. By preventing this MDM2-p53 interaction, the transcriptional activity of p53 is restored. This leads to p53-mediated induction of tumor cell apoptosis. MDM2, a zinc finger protein and a negative regulator of the p53 pathway, is overexpressed in cancer cells; it plays a key role in cancer cell proliferation and survival."]], ["(2S,4S)-4-cyclohexyl-1-[2-[[(1S)-2-methyl-1-propanoyloxy-propoxy]-(4-phenylbutyl)phosphoryl]ethanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid", "CCC(=O)O[C@@H](C(C)C)O[P@](=O)(CCCCC1=CC=CC=C1)CC(=O)N2C[C@@H](C[C@H]2C(=O)O)C3CCCCC3", ["Fosinopril is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor used in the therapy of hypertension and heart failure. Fosinopril is associated with a low rate of transient serum aminotransferase elevations during therapy and has been linked to rare instances of acute liver injury.", "Fosinopril is a phosphinic acid-containing angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor with antihypertensive activity. As an ester prodrug, fosinopril is hydrolysed by esterases to its active metabolite fosinoprilat. Fosinoprilat specifically and competitively inhibits angiotensin-converting enzyme thereby decreasing the formation of the potent vasoconstrictor angiotensin II, resulting in diminished vasopressor activity. In addition, angiotensin II-mediated aldosterone secretion by adrenal cortex is decreased, which results in a decrease of sodium retention and an increase in water outflow.", "A phosphinic acid-containing angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor that is effective in the treatment of hypertension. It is a prodrug that is converted to its active metabolite fosinoprilat."]], ["Prednisolone (disodium phosphate)", "C[C@]12C[C@@H]([C@H]3[C@H]([C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(C(=O)COP(=O)([O-])[O-])O)CCC4=CC(=O)C=C[C@]34C)O.[Na+].[Na+]", ["Prednisolone Sodium Phosphate is the sodium phosphate salt form of prednisolone, a synthetic glucocorticoid with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating properties. As a glucocorticoid receptor agonist, prednisolone sodium phosphate binds to specific intracellular glucocorticoid receptors, and causes the ligand- receptor complex to be translocated to the nucleus where it initiates the transcription of glucocorticoid-responsive genes such as various cytokines and lipocortins. Lipocortins inhibit phospholipase A2, thereby blocking the release of arachidonic acid from membrane phospholipids and preventing the synthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes, both potent mediators of inflammation. This agent also decreases the number of circulating lymphocytes, induces cell differentiation, and stimulates apoptosis in sensitive tumor cell populations."]], ["4-Pentan-3-ylbenzenesulfonic acid", "CCC(CC)C1=CC=C(C=C1)S(=O)(=O)O", ["Sodium polystyrene sulfonate is a medication used to treat abnormally high potassium levels. It may be taken orally or by rectum, as an enema, and functions as a potassium-binding resin in the intestines. It is also an effective topical microbicide and spermicide, inhibiting the genital transfection of, among others, HIV."]], ["Spebrutinib", "COCCOC1=CC=C(C=C1)NC2=NC=C(C(=N2)NC3=CC(=CC=C3)NC(=O)C=C)F", ["Spebrutinib has been used in trials studying the treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis, Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse, and Leukemia Lymphocytic Chronic B-Cell.", "Spebrutinib is an orally bioavailable, selective inhibitor of Bruton's agammaglobulinemia tyrosine kinase (BTK), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, spebrutinib targets and covalently binds to BTK, thereby preventing its activity. By irreversibly inhibiting BTK, administration of this agent may lead to an inhibition of B cell receptor (BCR) signaling and may inhibit cell proliferation of B-cell malignancies. BTK, a cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase and member of the Tec family of kinases, plays an important role in B lymphocyte development, activation, signaling, proliferation and survival."]], ["Vorolanib", "CC1=C(NC(=C1C(=O)N[C@H]2CCN(C2)C(=O)N(C)C)C)/C=C\\3/C4=C(C=CC(=C4)F)NC3=O", ["Vorolanib is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03904719 (CM082 and JS001 in Patients With Advanced Small-cell Lung Cancer (SCLC)).", "Vorolanib is an orally available small molecule dual inhibitor targeting human vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFRs) and platelet-derived growth factor receptors (PDGFRs) with antiangiogenic and antineoplastic activities. Vorolanib inhibits all isoforms of VEGFR and PDGFR, which may result in the inhibition of tumor angiogenesis and tumor cell proliferation, and the induction of tumor cell death. Both VEGFRs and PDGFRs are receptor tyrosine kinases that may be upregulated in various tumor cell types. Vorolanib has been shown to reduce tissue toxicity by 95 percent compared with first-generation kinase inhibitors."]], ["Gdc-0349", "CCNC(=O)NC1=CC=C(C=C1)C2=NC3=C(CCN(C3)C4COC4)C(=N2)N5CCOC[C@@H]5C", ["GDC-0349 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma, Solid Tumor.", "mTOR Inhibitor GDC-0349 is an orally bioavailable, ATP-competitive, tetrahydroquinazoline (THQ)-based inhibitor of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, GDC-0349 selectively binds to and inhibits the activity of mTOR, which may result in both the induction of tumor cell apoptosis and a decrease in tumor cell proliferation. mTOR, a serine/threonine kinase belonging to the phosphatidylinositol-3 (PI3K) kinase-related kinase (PIKK) family, plays an important role in the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway that regulates cell growth and proliferation, and its expression or activity is frequently dysregulated in human cancers."]], ["1H-Indole-2-propanoic acid, 3-((1,1-dimethylethyl)thio)-1-((4-(6-methoxy-3-pyridinyl)phenyl)methyl)-alpha,alpha-dimethyl-5-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)-, sodium salt (1:1)", "CC(C)(C)SC1=C(N(C2=C1C=C(C=C2)OCC3=CC=CC=N3)CC4=CC=C(C=C4)C5=CN=C(C=C5)OC)CC(C)(C)C(=O)[O-].[Na+]", ["AM103 is a novel inhibitor of 5-lipoxygenase-activiting protein (FLAP) that has demonstrated potential to treat asthma and cardiovascular disease by preventing the synthesis of LT, which triggers inflammation. It is being developed by Amira."]], ["4-Fluoro-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-methyl-5-(2-methyl-5-((1-pyrimidin-2-ylcyclopropyl)carbamoyl)phenyl)benzofuran-3-carboxamide", "CC1=C(C=C(C=C1)C(=O)NC2(CC2)C3=NC=CC=N3)C4=C(C5=C(C=C4)OC(=C5C(=O)NC)C6=CC=C(C=C6)F)F", ["BMS-929075 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01525212 (Multiple Ascending Dose Study of BMS-929075 in Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Infected Patients)."]], ["CID 59311377", "[2H]C([2H])([2H])N1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=N1)C(=O)NC3CC4CCCC(C3)N4C", ["A serotonin receptor (5HT-3 selective) antagonist that has been used as an antiemetic for cancer chemotherapy patients."]], ["2-(4-Amino-2-((4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl)-2,7-dihydro-6-thia-1,2,3,5-tetraazabenz(cd)azulen-8-yl)-N-methylacetamide", "CC1=CN=C(C(=C1OC)C)CN2C3=C4C(=N2)C=C(CSC4=NC(=N3)N)CC(=O)NC", ["Hsp90 Inhibitor DS-2248 is an orally active and small molecule inhibitor of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, Hsp90 inhibitor DS-2248 specifically blocks Hsp90, which inhibits its chaperone function and promotes the proteasomal degradation of oncogenic signaling proteins involved in tumor cell proliferation and survival. This may lead to an inhibition of tumor cell proliferation. Hsp90, a chaperone complex protein upregulated in a variety of tumor cell types, regulates the folding and degradation of many oncogenic signaling proteins."]], ["Glpg-0492", "CN1C(=O)N(C(=O)[C@@]1(CO)C2=CC=CC=C2)C3=CC(=C(C=C3)C#N)C(F)(F)F", ["Glpg0492 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01130818 (First-in-Human Single Ascending Dose of GLPG0492)."]], ["Gamithromycin", "CCCN1C[C@@H]([C@H]([C@]([C@H](OC(=O)[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@](C[C@H]1C)(C)O)O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H](C[C@H](O2)C)N(C)C)O)C)O[C@H]3C[C@@]([C@H]([C@@H](O3)C)O)(C)OC)C)CC)(C)O)O)C", ["Gamithromycin is an antibiotic used in cattle."]], ["Acrizanib", "CNCC1=CC(=NC=N1)OC2=CC3=C(C=C2)N(C=C3)C(=O)NC4=NN(C(=C4)C(F)(F)F)C", ["Acrizanib is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02355028 (LHA510 Proof-of-concept Study as a Maintenance Therapy for Patients With Wet Age-related Macular Degeneration)."]], ["Berzosertib", "CC(C)S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(C=C1)C2=CN=C(C(=N2)C3=CC(=NO3)C4=CC=C(C=C4)CNC)N", ["3-[3-[4-(methylaminomethyl)phenyl]-5-isoxazolyl]-5-(4-propan-2-ylsulfonylphenyl)-2-pyrazinamine is a sulfonamide.", "Berzosertib (VX-970) has been used in trials studying the treatment of Ovarian Neoplasms, Ovarian Serous Tumor, Adult Solid Neoplasm, Advanced Solid Tumor, and Advanced Solid Neoplasm, among others.", "Berzosertib is an inhibitor of ataxia telangiectasia and rad3-related (ATR) kinase, a DNA damage response kinase, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, berzosertib selectively binds to and inhibits ATR kinase activity and prevents ATR-mediated signaling in the ATR-checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) signaling pathway. This prevents DNA damage checkpoint activation, disrupts DNA damage repair, and induces tumor cell apoptosis. ATR, a serine/threonine protein kinase upregulated in a variety of cancer cell types, plays a key role in DNA repair, cell cycle progression, and survival; it is activated by DNA damage caused during DNA replication-associated stress."]], ["Entospletinib", "C1COCCN1C2=CC=C(C=C2)NC3=NC(=CN4C3=NC=C4)C5=CC6=C(C=C5)C=NN6", ["Entospletinib has been used in trials studying the treatment of Oncology, Follicular Lymphoma, B-cell Malignancies, Mantle Cell Lymphoma, and Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma, among others.", "Entospletinib is an orally available inhibitor of spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration of entospletinib, this agent may inhibit the activity of Syk, which inhibits B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling and leads to an inhibition of tumor cell activation, migration, adhesion and proliferation. Syk, a non-receptor cytoplasmic, BCR-associated tyrosine kinase, is expressed in hematopoietic tissues and is often overexpressed in hematopoeitic malignancies."]], ["Mirogabalin", "CCC1=C[C@@H]2[C@H](C1)C[C@@]2(CC(=O)O)CN", ["Mirogabalin has been used in trials studying the treatment of Post-herpetic Neuralgia, Pain Associated With Fibromyalgia, and Diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain."]], ["Selatogrel", "CCCCOC(=O)N1CCN(CC1)C(=O)[C@H](CP(=O)(O)O)NC(=O)C2=CC(=NC(=N2)C3=CC=CC=C3)N4CC[C@@H](C4)OC", ["Selatogrel is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03814200 (A Study to Investigate the Effect of Rifampicin on the Uptake and Breakdown of ACT-246475 in Healthy Subjects)."]], ["Lazucirnon", "CC1=CC(=CC(=N1)NC(=O)[C@H]2CCC(=O)N2C3CCN(CC3)CC4=CC(=C(C=C4)Cl)C)C(=O)N(C)C", ["ALK-4290 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03558061 (Evaluate the Effects and Safety of ALK4290 in Patients With Newly Diagnosed Wet Age-Related Macular Degeneration)."]], ["Petesicatib", "CN1C=C(C=N1)C2=CC(=C(C=C2)S(=O)(=O)[C@@H]3C[C@H](N(C3)C(=O)C4(CC4)C(F)(F)F)C(=O)NC5(CC5)C#N)C(F)(F)F", ["Petesicatib is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02295332 (A Study of RG7625 in Healthy Volunteers)."]], ["5,5'-((1R,1'R)-Piperazine-1,4-diylbis(1-hydroxyethane-2,1-diyl))bis(4-methylisobenzofuran-1(3H)-one)", "CC1=C(C=CC2=C1COC2=O)[C@H](CN3CCN(CC3)C[C@@H](C4=C(C5=C(C=C4)C(=O)OC5)C)O)O", ["MK-7145 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Hypertension and Renal Insufficiency."]], ["Pkr-IN-1", "C1CC1CN2CCN(CC2)C(=O)C3=CC=C(C=C3)NS(=O)(=O)C4=CC=CC5=C4N=CC=C5", ["Mitapivat is a novel, first-in-class pyruvate kinase activator. It works to increase the activity of erythrocyte pyruvate kinase, a key enzyme involved in the survival of red blood cells. Defects in the pyruvate kinase enzyme in various red blood cells disorders lead to the lack of energy production for red blood cells, leading to lifelong premature destruction of red blood cells or chronic hemolytic anemia.  On February 17, 2022, the FDA approved mitapivat as the first disease-modifying treatment for hemolytic anemia in adults with pyruvate kinase (PK) deficiency, a rare, inherited disorder leading to lifelong hemolytic anemia. Mitapivat has also been investigated in other hereditary red blood cell disorders associated with hemolytic anemia, such as sickle cell disease and alpha- and beta-thalassemia.", "Mitapivat is an orally available, small-molecule, allosteric activator of the red cell isoform of pyruvate kinase (PK-R), with potential to improve hemolytic anemia in patients with pyruvate kinase deficiency (PKD). Upon oral administration, mitapivat binds to and activates PK-R, thereby enhancing glycolytic pathway activity, improving adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels and reducing 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) levels. Mutations in PK-R cause deficiency in PK-R which prevents adequate red blood cell (RBC) glycolysis, leading to a buildup of the upstream glycolytic intermediate 2,3-DPG and deficiency in the PK-R product ATP."]], ["(6-Chloro-1-(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)indol-3-yl)-spiro(1H-isobenzofuran-3,4'-piperidine)-1'-yl-methanone", "CN(C)CCN1C=C(C2=C1C=C(C=C2)Cl)C(=O)N3CCC4(CC3)C5=CC=CC=C5CO4", ["RO5028442 has been used in trials studying Autistic Disorder."]], ["4-N-(5-cyclopropyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-6-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-2-N-[(3-propan-2-yl-1,2-oxazol-5-yl)methyl]pyrimidine-2,4-diamine", "CC(C)C1=NOC(=C1)CNC2=NC(=CC(=N2)N3CCN(CC3)C)NC4=NNC(=C4)C5CC5", ["XL228 is a novel anticancer compound designed to inhibit the insulin-like growth factor type-1 receptor (IGF1R), Src and Abl tyrosine kinases \u2013 targets that play crucial roles in cancer cell proliferation, survival and metastasis.", "Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor XL228 is a synthetic molecule that targets multiple tyrosine kinases with potential antineoplastic activity. Tyrosine kinase inhibitor XL228 binds to and inhibits the activities of multiple tyrosine kinases, such as the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R), Src tyrosine kinase, and Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase. Blockade of these kinases may result in the inhibition of tumor angiogenesis, cell proliferation, and metastasis. In addition, this agent may be a potent inhibitor of the T315I mutant form of the Abl protein, which is associated with the resistance of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) to other tyrosine kinase inhibitors. IGF1R and Src tyrosine kinases are upregulated in many tumor cells and play important roles in tumor cell proliferation and metastasis. Bcr-Abl translocation leads to constitutive activation of ABL kinase and is commonly associated with Philadelphia-positive acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)."]], ["2-[2-[2-[Bis(carboxylatomethyl)amino]ethyl-(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl-(carboxymethyl)amino]acetate;gadolinium(3+)", "C(CN(CC(=O)O)CC(=O)[O-])N(CCN(CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)O.[Gd+3]", ["A complex of gadolinium with a chelating agent, diethylenetriamine penta-acetic acid (DTPA see PENTETIC ACID), that is given to enhance the image in cranial and spinal MRIs. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p706)"]], ["Psma-hbed-CC", "C1=CC(=C(C=C1CCC(=O)NCCCCCC(=O)NCCCC[C@@H](C(=O)O)NC(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)O)CN(CCN(CC2=C(C=CC(=C2)CCC(=O)O)O)CC(=O)O)CC(=O)O)O", ["Gozetotide is an unlabeled radiotracer composed of the human prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeting ligand and linked to the acyclic radiometal chelator N,N'-bis [2-hydroxy-5-(carboxyethyl)benzyl] ethylenediamine-N,N'-diacetic acid (HBED-CC), that may potentially be used to prevent or reduce salivary gland toxicities of PSMA-targeted radionuclides. Upon administration of gozetotide into the salivary gland, gozetotide may selectively decrease salivary uptake of systemically administered PSMA-targeted radionuclides. This may reduce the salivary gland toxicities of these agents including salivary gland hypofunction and xerostomia."]], ["4-(1-Azetidinyl)-7-methyl-5-[1-methyl-5-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl]-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-imidazo[5,1-f][1,2,4]triazine", "CC1=NC(=C2N1N=CN=C2N3CCC3)C4=C(N(N=C4)C)C5=NC=C(C=C5)C(F)(F)F", ["PF-05180999 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01530529 (A Study to Assess the Relative Bioavailability of a Modified-Release Formulation of PF-05180999)."]], ["5-((R)-sec-Butylamino)-N1-((1R,3S,5S)-8-(5-(cyclopropanecarbonyl)pyridin-2-yl)-8-azabicyclo(3.2.1)octan-3-yl)-2-methylterephthalamide", "CC[C@@H](C)NC1=C(C=C(C(=C1)C(=O)NC2C[C@H]3CC[C@@H](C2)N3C4=NC=C(C=C4)C(=O)C5CC5)C)C(=O)N", ["XL888 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Cancer and Melanoma.", "Hsp90 Inhibitor XL888 is an orally bioavailable, ATP-competitive, small-molecule inhibitor of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) with potential antineoplastic activity. Hsp90 inhibitor XL888 specifically binds to Hsp90, inhibiting its chaperone function and promoting the proteasomal degradation of oncogenic signaling proteins involved in tumor cell proliferation and survival; inhibition of tumor cell proliferation may result. Hsp90, a chaperone complex protein upregulated in a variety of tumor cell types, regulates the folding and degradation of many oncogenic signaling proteins, including Her-2 and Met."]], ["[(5R)-8,8-dimethyl-8-azoniabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl] 2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetate;bromide", "C[N+]1([C@@H]2CCC1CC(C2)OC(=O)C(C3=CC=CC=C3)O)C.[Br-]", ["Homatropine Methylbromide is the methylbromide salt of homatropine, a synthetic tertiary amine alkaloid with antimuscarinic properties. Homatropine methylbromide, a competitive inhibitor of acetylcholine at the muscarinic receptor, blocks parasympathetic nerve stimulation, thereby inhibiting pepsin and gastrin secretion. When administered in high doses, this drug produces inhibitory effects on acetylcholine activity, specifically on smooth muscle located in the gastrointestinal, biliary, and genitourinary tracts, resulting in an anti-spasmodic effect."]], ["Pharmakon1600-01500395", "CC1([C@@H](N2[C@H](S1)[C@@H](C2=O)NC(=O)C3=C(C=CC=C3OC)OC)C(=O)O)C.[Na+]", ["Methicillin Sodium is the sodium salt form of methicillin, a semisynthetic beta-lactam penicillin antibiotic with beta-lactamase resistant activity. Methicillin sodium is bactericidal and binds to specific penicillin-binding proteins on the bacterium and inhibits the transpeptidation enzyme, thereby preventing the cross-linking of peptidoglycans. This leads to an interruption of the bacterial cell wall and causes bacterial lysis. Methicillin sodium is active against beta-lactamase producing staphylococci.", "One of the PENICILLINS which is resistant to PENICILLINASE but susceptible to a penicillin-binding protein. It is inactivated by gastric acid so administered by injection."]], ["Suvn-G3031", "C1CC(C1)N2CCC(CC2)OC3=CC=C(C=C3)NC(=O)CN4CCOCC4", ["SUVN-G3031 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02342041 (A Study to Investigate the Safety, Tolerability and Pharmacokinetics of SUVN-G3031 in Healthy Subjects)."]], ["Saroglitazar", "CCO[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(C=C1)OCCN2C(=CC=C2C3=CC=C(C=C3)SC)C)C(=O)O", ["Saroglitazar is a monocarboxylic acid that is (2S)-2-ethoxy-3-(p-ethoxyphenyl)propanoic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens of the p-ethoxy substituent has been replaced by the nitrogen of 2-methyl-5-[4-(methylthio)phenyl]-1H-pyrrole. An agonist at the subtypes alpha and gamma of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) with predominant PPARalpha activity, it is used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. It has a role as a PPARgamma agonist, a hypoglycemic agent and a PPARalpha agonist. It is a member of pyrroles, a monocarboxylic acid, a methyl sulfide and an aromatic ether.", "Saroglitazar has been investigated for the treatment of Fatty Liver."]], ["Glucagon receptor antagonists-4", "CCC[C@@H](C1=CC=C(C=C1)C(=O)NCCC(=O)O)OC2=CC(=C(C(=C2)C)N3C=C(C=N3)C(F)(F)F)C", ["PF-06291874 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02175121 (Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics And Pharmacodynamics Study of PF-06291874 as Oral Monotherapy To Treat Adults With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus)."]], ["Benzoic acid, 4-(17-((2-(1,1-dioxido-4-thiomorpholinyl)ethyl)amino)-28-norlupa-2,20(29)-dien-3-yl)-", "CC(=C)[C@@H]1CC[C@]2([C@H]1[C@H]3CC[C@H]4[C@]([C@@]3(CC2)C)(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC=C(C5(C)C)C6=CC=C(C=C6)C(=O)O)C)C)NCCN7CCS(=O)(=O)CC7", ["BMS-955176 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02415595 (Dose-finding Study of BMS-955176 to Treat HIV-1 Infected Treatment-naive Adults)."]], ["N-(3-{5-[(1-Ethylpiperidin-4-Yl)(Methyl)amino]-3-(Pyrimidin-5-Yl)-1h-Pyrrolo[3,2-B]pyridin-1-Yl}-2,4-Difluorophenyl)propane-1-Sulfonamide", "CCCS(=O)(=O)NC1=C(C(=C(C=C1)F)N2C=C(C3=C2C=CC(=N3)N(C)C4CCN(CC4)CC)C5=CN=CN=C5)F", ["pan-RAF Inhibitor XP-102 is an orally bioavailable, second-generation inhibitor of all members of the serine/threonine protein kinase Raf family, including A-Raf, B-Raf and C-Raf protein kinases, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, pan-RAF kinase inhibitor XP-102 specifically binds to the ATP binding site of the Raf kinase positioned in the inactive DFG-out conformation, and inhibits the activity of Raf, including B-Raf mutated forms such as the B-Raf V600E mutation. This prevents the activation of Raf-mediated signal transduction pathways, which may inhibit tumor cell growth. Raf protein kinases play a key role in the RAF/mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway, which is often dysregulated in human cancers and plays a key role in tumor cell proliferation and survival. The valine to glutamic acid substitution at residue 600 accounts for the majority of BRAF gene mutations. The oncogenic product, BRAF(V600E) kinase, exhibits elevated activity that over-activates the MAPK signaling pathway."]], ["[(1R,2R,3E,5R,7S,9E,11R,12S,14S,16S)-16-benzyl-5,12-dihydroxy-5,7,14-trimethyl-13-methylidene-6,18-dioxo-17-azatricyclo[9.7.0.01,15]octadeca-3,9-dien-2-yl] acetate", "C[C@H]1C/C=C/[C@H]2[C@@H](C(=C)[C@H](C3[C@@]2([C@@H](/C=C/[C@@](C1=O)(C)O)OC(=O)C)C(=O)N[C@H]3CC4=CC=CC=C4)C)O", ["Cytochalasin d appears as needles or fluffy white powder. (NTP, 1992)", "A fungal metabolite that blocks cytoplasmic cleavage by blocking formation of contractile microfilament structures resulting in multinucleated cell formation, reversible inhibition of cell movement, and the induction of cellular extrusion. Additional reported effects include the inhibition of actin polymerization, DNA synthesis, sperm motility, glucose transport, thyroid secretion, and growth hormone release."]], ["1H-Cyclopropa(4,5)cyclopenta(1,2-c)pyrazole-3-carboxamide, 4,4a,5,5a-tetrahydro-N-((1S)-1-(hydroxymethyl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl)-1-(4-oxido-2-pyrazinyl)-, (4aS,5aS)-", "CC(C)(C)[C@@H](CO)NC(=O)C1=NN(C2=C1C[C@H]3[C@@H]2C3)C4=NC=C[N+](=C4)[O-]", ["Olorinab is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03155945 (Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, and Efficacy of APD371 in Subjects With Crohn's Disease Experiencing Abdominal Pain)."]], ["Ningetinib", "CC1=C(C(=O)N(N1C)C2=CC=CC=C2)C(=O)NC3=CC(=C(C=C3)OC4=C5C=CC(=CC5=NC=C4)OCC(C)(C)O)F", ["Ningetinib is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03758287 (Ningetinib (CT053PTSA) Plus Gefitinib in Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC Patients With EGFR Mutation and T790M Negative)."]], ["Proxalutamide", "CC1(C(=O)N(C(=S)N1C2=CN=C(C=C2)CCCC3=NC=CO3)C4=C(C(=C(C=C4)C#N)C(F)(F)F)F)C", ["Proxalutamide is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03899467 (The Safety and Tolerability of Proxalutamide (GT0918) in Subjects With Metastatic Castrate Resistant Prostate Cancer).", "Proxalutamide is an orally bioavailable androgen receptor (AR) antagonist with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, proxalutamide binds to AR in target tissues, inhibits androgen-induced receptor activation, and facilitates the formation of inactive complexes that cannot translocate to the nucleus. This prevents binding to and transcription of AR-responsive genes that regulate prostate cancer cell proliferation. In addition, proxalutamide induces AR downregulation, thereby further preventing AR-mediated signaling. This ultimately leads to an inhibition of growth in AR-expressing prostate cancer cells. AR is overexpressed in prostate cancer and plays a key role in prostate cancer cell proliferation."]], ["Dtxcid9025580", "C[C@@H]([C@@H](C1=CC(=CC=C1)O)O)N.[C@@H]([C@@H](C(=O)O)O)(C(=O)O)O", ["A sympathomimetic agent that acts predominantly at alpha-1 adrenergic receptors. It has been used primarily as a vasoconstrictor in the treatment of HYPOTENSION."]], ["Rocefin", "CN1C(=NC(=O)C(=N1)[O-])SCC2=C(N3[C@@H]([C@@H](C3=O)NC(=O)/C(=N\\OC)/C4=CSC(=N4)N)SC2)C(=O)[O-].O.O.O.[Na+].[Na+]", ["Ceftriaxone Sodium is the sodium salt form of ceftriaxone, a beta-lactam, third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with bactericidal activity. Ceftriaxone binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBP) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall. PBPs participate in the terminal stages of assembling the bacterial cell wall, and in reshaping the cell wall during cell division. Inactivation of PBPs interferes with the cross-linkage of peptidoglycan chains necessary for bacterial cell wall strength and rigidity. This results in the weakening of the bacterial cell wall and causes cell lysis. Compared to the second and first generation cephalosporins, ceftriaxone is more active against gram-negative bacteria and less active against gram-positive bacteria. Ceftriaxone also crosses the blood-brain barrier and reaches therapeutic concentrations in the central nervous system (CNS).", "A broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic and cefotaxime derivative with a very long half-life and high penetrability to meninges, eyes and inner ears."]], ["Monomer of enoxaparin sodium", "C[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@H](O[C@@H]([C@H]1O[C@@H]2CC([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]2O)O)O[C@@H]3[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O3)COS(=O)(=O)O)O[C@H]4[C@@H]([C@H](C=C(O4)C(=O)[O-])O)O)O)NC(=O)C)C(=O)[O-])CO)OC5[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](OC5C(=O)[O-])OC6[C@H]7CO[C@H](O7)[C@@H]([C@H]6O)NS(=O)(=O)[O-])O)O)NC(=O)C.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+]", ["Enoxaparin Sodium is the sodium salt of enoxaparin, a low molecular weight, synthetic heparin. As an anticoagulant/antithrombotic agent, enoxaprin's mechanism of action is similar to that of heparin, although it exhibits a higher ratio of anti-Factor Xa to anti-Factor IIa activity. This agent also has anti-inflammatory properties, inhibiting monocyte adhesion to tumor necrosis factor alpha- or lipopolysaccharide-activated endothelial cells.  Compared to unfractionated heparins, the use of enoxaparin is associated with lower incidences of osteoporosis and heparin-induced thrombocytopenia."]], ["Dtxcid8028557", "[CH3-].CC1=CC2=C(C=C1C)N(C=N2)C3C(C(C(O3)CO)OP(=O)([O-])OC(C)CNC(=O)CCC\\4(C(C5C6(C(C(C(=N6)/C(=C\\7/C(C(C(=N7)/C=C\\8/C(C(C(=N8)/C(=C4\\[N-]5)/C)CCC(=O)N)(C)C)CCC(=O)N)(C)CC(=O)N)/C)CCC(=O)N)(C)CC(=O)N)C)CC(=O)N)C)O.[Co+3]", ["Mecobalamin is a synthetic and active form of vitamin B12 that can cross the blood brain barrier without biotransformation, that may be used to treat or prevent vitamin B12 deficiency and its complications. Upon administration, mecobalamin is able to replace endogenous vitamin B12, increase vitamin B12 levels and improve vitamin B12 deficiency. Vitamin B12 is necessary for hematopoiesis, neural metabolism, DNA and RNA production, and carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism. It improves iron functions in the metabolic cycle and assists folic acid in choline synthesis. Its metabolism is interconnected with that of folic acid."]], ["Atropine sulfate", "CN1[C@@H]2CC[C@H]1CC(C2)OC(=O)C(CO)C3=CC=CC=C3.CN1[C@@H]2CC[C@H]1CC(C2)OC(=O)C(CO)C3=CC=CC=C3.OS(=O)(=O)O", ["Atropine Sulfate is the sulfate salt of atropine, a naturally-occurring alkaloid isolated from the plant Atropa belladonna.  Atropine functions as a sympathetic, competitive antagonist of muscarinic cholinergic receptors, thereby abolishing the effects of parasympathetic stimulation.  This agent may induce tachycardia, inhibit secretions, and relax smooth muscles. (NCI04)", "An alkaloid, originally from Atropa belladonna, but found in other plants, mainly SOLANACEAE. Hyoscyamine is the 3(S)-endo isomer of atropine."]], ["Venglustat", "CC(C)(C1=CSC(=N1)C2=CC=C(C=C2)F)NC(=O)O[C@@H]3CN4CCC3CC4", ["Venglustat is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01674036 (Safety, Tolerability and Pharmacokinetics of Genz-682452 in Healthy Men)."]], ["Ethanone, 1-(7,8-dihydro-2-((9-(trans-4-methylcyclohexyl)-9H-pyrido(4',3':4,5)pyrrolo(2,3-d)pyrimidin-2-yl)amino)-1,6-naphthyridin-6(5H)-yl)-2-hydroxy-", "CC1CCC(CC1)N2C3=C(C=CN=C3)C4=CN=C(N=C42)NC5=NC6=C(CN(CC6)C(=O)CO)C=C5", ["AMG-925 is an organic heterotricyclic compound that is 9H-pyrido[4',3':4,5]pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine which is substituted by a [6-(hydroxyacetyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1,6-naphthyridin-2-yl]nitrilo group at position 2 and by a trans-4-methylcyclohexyl group at position 9. It is a FLT3 and CDK4 dual kinase inhibitor that has antineoplastic activity. Currently under clinical investigation in patients with relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML). It has a role as an antineoplastic agent, an apoptosis inducer, an EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor and an EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor. It is a secondary amino compound, a tertiary amino compound, a naphthyridine derivative, a primary alpha-hydroxy ketone and an organic heterotricyclic compound."]], ["(1R,3S,5R,7R,8E,12R,14E,16E,18E,20E,22R,24S,25R,26S)-22-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-4-amino-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-1,3,26-trihydroxy-12-methyl-10-oxo-6,11,28-trioxatricyclo[22.3.1.05,7]octacosa-8,14,16,18,20-pentaene-25-carboxylic acid", "C[C@@H]1C/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/[C@@H](C[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H](C[C@](O2)(C[C@H](C[C@@H]3[C@H](O3)/C=C/C(=O)O1)O)O)O)C(=O)O)O[C@@H]4[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O4)C)O)N)O", ["Natamycin is a polyene amphoteric macrolide antibiotic with antifungal properties. Natamycin exerts its antifungal effects by binding to sterols in the fungal cell membrane thereby increasing membrane permeability. This leads to a leakage and loss of essential cellular constituents. Following ocular application, natamycin is retained in the conjunctival fornices and attains effective concentrations within the corneal stroma where it exerts its effect.", "Amphoteric macrolide antifungal antibiotic from Streptomyces natalensis or S. chattanoogensis. It is used for a variety of fungal infections, mainly topically."]], ["Trisodium;[4-[[carboxymethyl-[2-[carboxymethyl-[[3-hydroxy-5-[[hydroxy(oxido)phosphoryl]oxymethyl]-2-methylpyridin-4-yl]methyl]amino]ethyl]amino]methyl]-5-hydroxy-6-methylpyridin-3-yl]methyl phosphate;manganese", "CC1=NC=C(C(=C1O)CN(CCN(CC2=C(C(=NC=C2COP(=O)([O-])[O-])C)O)CC(=O)O)CC(=O)O)COP(=O)(O)[O-].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Mn]", ["Mangafodipir Trisodium is the trisodium salt of mangafodipir with potential antioxidant and chemoprotective activities. Consisting of manganese (II) ions chelated to fodipir (dipyridoxyl diphosphate or DPDP), mangafodipir scavenges oxygen free radicals such as superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radical, potentially preventing oxygen free radical damage to macromolecules such as DNA and minimizing oxygen free radical-related chemotoxicity in normal tissues. However, this agent may potentiate the chemotherapy-induced generation of oxygen free radicals in tumor cells, resulting in the potentiation of chemotherapy-induced cytotoxicity; tumor cells, with higher levels of reactive oxygen species than normal cells, possess a lower threshold for oxygen free radical-mediated cytotoxicity. Mangafodipir is traditionally used as an imaging agent in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)."]], ["Elismetrep", "C1CC1C2=C(N=CC3=CC=CC=C32)N(CC4=CC=C(C=C4)OC(F)(F)F)S(=O)(=O)C5=CC=C(C=C5)C(=O)O", ["Elismetrep is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02429102 (A Study to Investigate the Safety, Tolerability and Pharmacokinetics of MT-8554 in Healthy Subjects)."]], ["Denifanstat", "CC1=CC(=C(C=C1C(=O)N2CCC(CC2)C3=CC=C(C=C3)C#N)C4=NNC(=N4)C)C5CCC5", ["Denifanstat is an orally bioavailable fatty acid synthase (FASN) inhibitor, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, denifanstat binds to and blocks FASN, which prevents the synthesis of palmitate needed for tumor cell growth and survival. This leads to a reduction in cell signaling, an induction of tumor cell apoptosis and the inhibition of cell proliferation in susceptible tumor cells. FASN, an enzyme responsible for the de novo synthesis of palmitic acid, is overexpressed in tumor cells and plays a key role in tumor metabolism, lipid signaling, tumor cell survival and drug resistance; tumor cells are dependent on increased fatty acid production for their enhanced metabolic needs and rapid growth."]], ["Bms-906024", "CN1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=N[C@@H](C1=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(F)(F)F)[C@H](CCC(F)(F)F)C(=O)N)C3=CC=CC=C3", ["(2S,3R)-N'-[(3S)-1-methyl-2-oxo-5-phenyl-3H-1,4-benzodiazepin-3-yl]-2,3-bis(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)butanediamide is a primary carboxamide, a secondary carboxamide and a tertiary carboxamide.", "Osugacestat (BMS-906024) has been used in trials studying the treatment of Cancer, Lymphoblastic Leukemia, Acute T-cell, and Precursor T-Cell Lymphoblastic Lymphoma.", "Osugacestat is a small-molecule gamma secretase (GS) and pan-Notch inhibitor, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon intravenous administration, osugacestat binds to GS and blocks activation of Notch receptors, which may inhibit the proliferation of tumor cells with an overly-active Notch pathway. The integral membrane protein GS is a multi-subunit protease complex that cleaves single-pass transmembrane proteins, such as Notch receptors, at residues within their transmembrane domains that lead to their activation. Overactivation of the Notch signaling pathway, often triggered by activating mutations, has been correlated with increased cellular proliferation and poor prognosis in certain tumor types."]], ["Oliceridine", "COC1=C(SC=C1)CNCC[C@]2(CCOC3(C2)CCCC3)C4=CC=CC=N4", ["Severe acute pain occurs through nociceptive signalling involving both ascending and descending spinal pathways, in which nerve conductance is mediated in part by the action of opioid receptors. Opioid receptors are seven-transmembrane G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), of which the \u03bc-opioid receptor subtype is predominantly targeted by and is responsible for the effects of opioid agonists. However, due to the ability of some opioid agonists to bind to other targets, as well as activation of additional downstream pathways from opioid receptors such as those involving \u03b2-arrestin, the beneficial analgesic effects of opioids are coupled with severe adverse effects such as constipation and respiratory depression.  Oliceridine (formerly known as TRV130) is a \"biased agonist\" at the \u03bc-opioid receptor by preferentially activating the G-protein pathway with minimal receptor phosphorylation and recruitment of \u03b2-arrestin. By acting as a biased agonist, oliceridine provides comparable analgesia compared with traditional opioids such as [morphine] at a comparable or decreased risk of opioid-related adverse effects such as constipation and respiratory depression.  Oliceridine was first reported in 2013, but was initially not approved by the FDA due to concerns raised by the Anesthetic and Analgesic Drug Products Advisory Committee. Oliceridine gained FDA approval on August 7, 2020, and is currently marketed by Trevena Inc as OLINVYK\u2122."]], ["Debio-1347", "CC1=NC2=C(N1)C=C(C=C2)N3C(=C(C=N3)C(=O)C4=CC5=CC=CC=C5N4)N", ["Ch5183284 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Solid Tumours.", "Zoligratinib is an orally bioavailable inhibitor of the fibroblast growth factor receptor subtypes 1 (FGFR-1), 2 (FGFR-2) and 3 (FGFR-3), with potential antineoplastic activity. Zoligratinib binds to and inhibits FGFR-1, -2, and -3, which result in the inhibition of FGFR-mediated signal transduction pathways. This leads to the inhibition of both tumor cell proliferation and angiogenesis, and causes cell death in FGFR-overexpressing tumor cells. FGFR, a family of receptor tyrosine kinases upregulated in many tumor cell types, is essential for tumor cellular proliferation, differentiation and survival."]], ["Unii-QI52W1ziib", "CC1(CC(C1)(C2=CC=C(C=C2)C3=C(N4COC5=C(C4=N3)C=NC=C5)C6=CC=CC=C6)N)O", ["TAS-117 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03017521 (K-BASKET, TAS-117, PI3K/AKT Gene Aberration).", "Akt Inhibitor TAS-117 is an orally bioavailable allosteric and selective pan-inhibitor of the serine/threonine protein kinase Akt (protein kinase B; v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 1), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, Akt inhibitor TAS-117 targets, binds to and inhibits the activity of Akt, which may result in the inhibition of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt-mediated signaling. This may inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis of tumor cells in which Akt is overexpressed. Activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway is frequently associated with tumorigenesis and dysregulated PI3K/Akt signaling may contribute to tumor resistance to a variety of antineoplastic agents."]], ["Tazemetostat", "CCN(C1CCOCC1)C2=CC(=CC(=C2C)C(=O)NCC3=C(C=C(NC3=O)C)C)C4=CC=C(C=C4)CN5CCOCC5", ["Tazemetostat is a methyltransferase inhibitor used to treat metastatic or locally advanced epithelioid sarcoma not eligible for complete resection. Tazemetostat was first named in literature as EPZ-6438.  Tazemetaostat was granted FDA approval on 23 January 2020.", "Tazemetostat is a Methyltransferase Inhibitor. The mechanism of action of tazemetostat is as a Methyltransferase Inhibitor, and Multidrug and Toxin Extrusion Transporter 1 Inhibitor, and Multidrug and Toxin Extrusion Transporter 2 K Inhibitor.", "Tazemetostat is an orally available, small molecule selective and S-adenosyl methionine (SAM) competitive inhibitor of histone methyl transferase EZH2, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, tazemetostat selectively inhibits the activity of both wild-type and mutated forms of EZH2. Inhibition of EZH2 specifically prevents the methylation of histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27). This decrease in histone methylation alters gene expression patterns associated with cancer pathways and results in decreased tumor cell proliferation in EZH2 mutated cancer cells. EZH2, which belongs to the class of histone methyltransferases (HMTs), is overexpressed or mutated in a variety of cancer cells and plays a key role in tumor cell proliferation."]], ["Zandelisib", "CC(C)(CC1=CC=CC=C1C2CCN(CC2)C)NC3=NC(=NC(=N3)N4CCOCC4)N5C6=CC=CC=C6N=C5C(F)F", ["Zandelisib is an orally bioavailable inhibitor of the delta isoform of phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, zandelisib selectively inhibits the delta isoform of PI3K and prevents the activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. This both decreases proliferation and induces cell death in PI3K-delta-overexpressing tumor cells. PI3K-delta plays a key role in the proliferation and survival of hematologic cancer cells. The targeted inhibition of PI3K-delta is designed to preserve PI3K signaling in normal, non-neoplastic cells. PI3K, an enzyme often overexpressed in cancer cells, plays a crucial role in tumor cell regulation and survival."]], ["PF-06273340", "CC(C)(CO)N1C=C(C2=CN=C(N=C21)N)C(=O)C3=CC(=CN=C3)NC(=O)CC4=NC=C(C=C4)Cl", ["Pf 06273340 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01934738 (A Study to Evaluate Safety, Toleration and Time Course of Plasma Concentration of Multiple Oral Doses of PF-06273340 in Healthy Subjects of Two AgeGroups, Aged 18-55 Years (Group 1) and Aged 56-75 Years (Group 2))."]], ["4-((4-((((1R,2S)-2-Phenylcyclopropyl)amino)methyl)piperidin-1-yl)methyl)benzoic acid", "C1CN(CCC1CN[C@@H]2C[C@H]2C3=CC=CC=C3)CC4=CC=C(C=C4)C(=O)O", ["GSK2879552 is a member of the class of piperidines that is piperidine substituted by (4-carboxyphenyl)methyl and {[(1R,2S)-2-phenylcyclopropyl]amino}methyl groups at positions 1 and 4, respectively. It is a potent and irreversible inhibitor of lysine specific demethylase 1 (LSD1, also known as KDM1A). It was under clinical investigation for the treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia and small cell lung carcinoma. It has a role as an EC 1.14.99.66 (lysine-specific histone demethylase 1A) inhibitor and an antineoplastic agent. It is a member of benzoic acids, a monocarboxylic acid, a member of piperidines, a member of cyclopropanes, a tertiary amino compound, a secondary amino compound and a member of benzenes."]], ["(2S,2S',trans)-Saxagliptin", "C1[C@H]2C[C@H]2N([C@@H]1C#N)C(=O)[C@H](C34C[C@H]5C[C@@H](C3)CC(C5)(C4)O)N", ["Saxagliptin is a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor which is used in combination with diet and exercise in the therapy of type 2 diabetes, either alone or in combination with other oral hypoglycemic agents. Saxagliptin is a relatively new medication and has yet to be implicated in causing clinically apparent liver injury.", "Saxagliptin is a potent, selective and competitive, cyanopyrrolidine-based, orally bioavailable inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4), with hypoglycemic activity. Saxagliptin is metabolized into an, although less potent, active mono-hydroxy metabolite."]], ["[(7S,9Z,11R,12S,13S,14R,15R,16R,17S,18S,19E,21E)-2,15,17,36-tetrahydroxy-11-methoxy-3,7,12,14,16,18,22,30-octamethyl-6,23-dioxo-8,37-dioxa-24,27,33-triazahexacyclo[23.10.1.14,7.05,35.026,34.027,32]heptatriaconta-1(35),2,4,9,19,21,25(36),26(34),28,30,32-undecaen-13-yl] acetate", "C[C@H]1/C=C/C=C(/C(=O)NC2=C(C3=C(C4=C(C(=C3O)C)O[C@@](C4=O)(O/C=C\\[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]1O)C)O)C)OC(=O)C)C)OC)C)C5=C2N6C=CC(=CC6=N5)C)O)\\C", ["Rifaximin is a nonabsorbable antibiotic that is used as treatment and prevention of travelers\u2019 diarrhea and, in higher doses, for prevention of hepatic encephalopathy in patients with advanced liver disease and to treat diarrhea in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Rifaximin has minimal oral absorption and has not been implicated in causing liver test abnormalities or clinically apparent liver injury.", "Rifaximin is an orally administered, semi-synthetic, nonsystemic antibiotic derived from rifamycin SV with antibacterial activity. Rifaximin binds to the beta-subunit of bacterial DNA-dependent RNA polymerase, inhibiting bacterial RNA synthesis and bacterial cell growth. As rifaximin is not well absorbed, its antibacterial activity is largely localized to the gastrointestinal tract.", "A synthetic rifamycin derivative and anti-bacterial agent that is used for the treatment of GASTROENTERITIS caused by ESCHERICHIA COLI INFECTIONS. It may also be used in the treatment of HEPATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY."]], ["Caspofungin (Acetate)", "CCC(C)CC(C)CCCCCCCCC(=O)N[C@H]1C[C@H]([C@H](NC(=O)[C@@H]2[C@H](CCN2C(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H]3C[C@H](CN3C(=O)[C@@H](NC1=O)[C@@H](C)O)O)[C@H]([C@@H](C4=CC=C(C=C4)O)O)O)[C@@H](CCN)O)O)NCCN)O.CC(=O)O.CC(=O)O", ["Caspofungin Acetate is the acetate salt of an antimycotic echinocandin lipopeptide, semisynthetically derived from a fermentation product of the fungus Glarea lozoyensis. Caspofungin inhibits 1,3-beta-glucan synthase, resulting in decreased synthesis of beta(1,3)-D-glucan (an essential component of the fungal cell wall), weakening of the fungal cell wall, and fungal cell wall rupture. This agent is active against Aspergillus and Candida species.", "A cyclic lipopeptide echinocandin and beta-(1,3)-D-glucan synthase inhibitor that is used to treat internal or systemic MYCOSES."]], ["(4R,4aR,7aR,12bS)-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-4a,9-dihydroxy-3-methyl-2,4,5,6,7a,13-hexahydro-1H-4,12-methanobenzofuro[3,2-e]isoquinolin-3-ium-7-one;bromide", "C[N+]1(CC[C@]23[C@@H]4C(=O)CC[C@@]2([C@H]1CC5=C3C(=C(C=C5)O)O4)O)CC6CC6.[Br-]", ["Methylnaltrexone Bromide is the bromide salt form of methylnaltrexone, a methyl derivative of noroxymorphone with selective, peripherally-acting mu-opioid receptor antagonistic activity. Methylnaltrexone displaces opioids from peripheral opioid receptors in the gastrointestinal tract, the bladder, and the skin, thereby reversing the opioid-related peripheral side-effects, such as constipation, urinary retention, and pruritis, respectively. Unlike naltrexone and due to the presence of a positively charged nitrogen atom in methylnaltrexone, this agent does not cross the blood-brain barrier and does not affect the centrally-mediated analgesic effect of opioids."]], ["CID 66587064", "CC1=C(C(=NO1)C2=C(C=CC=C2Cl)Cl)C(=O)N[C@H]3[C@@H]4N(C3=O)[C@H](C(S4)(C)C)C(=O)O.[Na]", ["Dicloxacillin Sodium is the sodium salt form of dicloxacillin, a broad-spectrum, semi-synthetic beta-lactam with bactericidal and beta-lactamase resistant activity. Dicloxacillin sodium binds to penicillin binding proteins (PBP) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall.  It also inhibits the cross-linkage of peptidoglycan, a critical component of bacterial cell walls. This leads to the inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis and eventually causes cell lysis.", "One of the PENICILLINS which is resistant to PENICILLINASE."]], ["2-((1r,4r)-4-((3-(3-(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl)imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazin-6-yl)amino)cyclohexyl)propan-2-ol", "CC(C)(C1CCC(CC1)NC2=NN3C(=NC=C3C4=CC(=CC=C4)C(F)(F)F)C=C2)O", ["PIM Kinase Inhibitor TP-3654 is an orally available, second-generation and selective ATP-competitive inhibitor of proviral integration site for Moloney murine leukemia virus (PIM) kinases, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, PIM kinase inhibitor TP-3654 selectively binds to and prevents the activation of the PIM kinases. This prevents the activation of PIM-mediated signaling pathways and inhibits proliferation in cells that overexpress PIM. PIMs, constitutively active proto-oncogenic serine/threonine kinases, are upregulated in various types of cancers and play key roles in tumor cell proliferation and survival."]], ["Curcumin sulfate", "COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)/C=C/C(=O)CC(=O)/C=C/C2=CC(=C(C=C2)OS(=O)(=O)O)OC)O", ["Curcumin sulfate is a diarylheptanoid."]], ["Canagliflozin hemihydrate", "CC1=C(C=C(C=C1)[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O2)CO)O)O)O)CC3=CC=C(S3)C4=CC=C(C=C4)F.O", ["A glucoside-derived SODIUM-GLUCOSE TRANSPORTER 2 inhibitor that stimulates urinary excretion of glucose by suppressing renal glucose reabsorption. It is used to manage BLOOD GLUCOSE levels in patients with TYPE 2 DIABETES."]], ["160R8Zbh0X", "CNC(=O)C1=NC=C(C=C1)C2=CC=C(C=C2)C3(CC3)C(=O)N4CC[C@]5(C4)C6=CC=CC=C6C(=O)O5", ["INCB13739 is developed as a new treatment for type 2 diabetes.  It is an orally available small molecule inhibitor of 11beta-HSD1 (11-beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1). 11beta-HSD1 is an enzyme that appears to be critical to the development of type 2 diabetes."]], ["Vafidemstat", "C1[C@H]([C@@H]1NCC2=NN=C(O2)N)C3=CC=C(C=C3)OCC4=CC=CC=C4", ["Vafidemstat is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03867253 (Testing the Safety and Preliminary Efficacy of the New Drug ORY-2001 in Mild to Moderate Alzheimer's Disease)."]], ["1-Phenyl-2-propanamine-D-glucaric acid (1:1)", "CC(CC1=CC=CC=C1)N.[C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](C(=O)O)O)O)([C@H](C(=O)O)O)O", ["Dextroamphetamine Saccharate is the saccharate salt form of the dextro-isomer of amphetamine, a synthetic substance related to natural sympathomimetic amines, with CNS stimulating properties. Dextroamphetamine saccharate acts by facilitating the release of catecholamines, particularly noradrenaline and dopamine, from its storage sites in nerve terminals in the brain, and inhibits their uptake within the mesocorticolimbic system, a major component of the brain reward system, thereby resulting in measurable behavioral changes such as euphoria. As a CNS stimulant, this agent may increase blood pressure and reduce appetite. Similar to other amphetamines, dextroamphetamine has a high potential for abuse, dependence, and addiction if used in large doses over extended periods of time."]], ["2-[(5Z)-5-[(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)methylidene]-4-methoxypyrrol-2-ylidene]indole", "CC1=CC(=C(N1)/C=C\\2/C(=CC(=C3C=C4C=CC=CC4=N3)N2)OC)C", ["Obatoclax is a small molecule and a pan-inhibitor of Bcl-2 family proteins, with pro-apoptotic activity. GX015-070 is a selective antagonist of the BH3-binding groove of the Bcl-2 family proteins, which are frequently overexpressed in cancers including chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). This agent induces/restores apoptosis in cancer cells by inhibiting apoptosis suppressors in multiple members of the Bcl-2 family simultaneously."]], ["Niperotidina", "CN(C)CC1=CC=C(O1)CSCCNC(=C[N+](=O)[O-])NCC2=CC3=C(C=C2)OCO3", ["Niperotidine is a member of benzodioxoles."]], ["zinc N-(3-aminopropionyl)histidine", "C1=C(NC=N1)C[C@@H](C(=O)O)NC(=O)CCN.[Zn]", ["Polaprezinc is an orally bioavailable chelate composed of zinc and L-carnosine, with potential gastroprotective, anti-oxidant, anti-ulcer and anti-inflammatory activities. Upon administration, polaprezinc increases the expression of various anti-oxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD-1), SOD-2, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px), peroxidredoxin-1 (PRDX1; PRXI) and PRXD5 (PRXV) in the gastric mucosa, which protect cells against reactive oxygen species (ROS). In addition, this agent inhibits the activity of the transcription factor nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and reduces the expression of several pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL) 1beta, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a). Polaprezinc also increases the expression of various growth factors, such as platelet-derived growth factor-B (PDGF-B), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and nerve growth factor (NGF), and various heat shock proteins (HSPs), including HSP90, HSP70, HSP60, HSP47, HSP27, and HSP10. This protects against damages to, and accelerates healing of the gastric mucosa."]], ["(7E)-N-cyclopropylsulfonyl-17-[7-methoxy-8-methyl-2-(4-propan-2-yl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)quinolin-4-yl]oxy-13-methyl-2,14-dioxo-3,13-diazatricyclo[13.3.0.04,6]octadec-7-ene-4-carboxamide", "CC1=C(C=CC2=C1N=C(C=C2OC3CC4C(C3)C(=O)N(CCCC/C=C/C5CC5(NC4=O)C(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C6CC6)C)C7=NC(=CS7)C(C)C)OC", ["Simeprevir is an oral, direct acting hepatitis C virus (HCV) protease inhibitor that is no longer available but was previously used in combination with other antiviral agents in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C, genotypes 1 and 4, but subsequently was withdrawn. Simeprevir has been linked to isolated, rare instances of mild, acute liver injury during treatment and to occasional cases of hepatic decompensation in patients with preexisting cirrhosis.", "Simeprevir is an orally bioavailable inhibitor of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) protease complex comprised of non-structural protein 3 and 4A (NS3/NS4A), with activity against HCV genotype 1. Upon administration, simeprevir reversibly binds to the active center and binding site of the HCV NS3/NS4A protease and prevents NS3/NS4A protease-mediated polyprotein maturation. This disrupts both the processing of viral proteins and the formation of the viral replication complex, which inhibits viral replication in HCV genotype 1-infected host cells. NS3, a serine protease, is essential for the proteolytic cleavage of multiple sites within the HCV polyprotein and plays a key role during HCV ribonucleic acid (RNA) replication. NS4A is an activating factor for NS3. HCV is a small, enveloped, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Flaviviridae family; HCV infection is associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).", "Oral HCV-PROTEASE INHIBITOR effective against hepatitis C virus (HCV) serine protease NS3/4A. It is used in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C (Antivirals) genotype 1 infection in adults with compensated liver disease, including CIRRHOSIS."]], ["Glecaprevir", "CC1(CC1)S(=O)(=O)NC(=O)[C@]2(C[C@H]2C(F)F)NC(=O)[C@@H]3C[C@@H]4CN3C(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)O[C@@H]5CCC[C@H]5OC/C=C/C(C6=NC7=CC=CC=C7N=C6O4)(F)F)C(C)(C)C", ["Glecaprevir is a direct acting antiviral agent and Hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS3/4A protease inhibitor that targets the the viral RNA replication. In combination with [DB13878], glecaprevir is a useful therapy for patients who experienced therapeutic failure from other NS3/4A protease inhibitors. It demonstrates a high genetic barrier against resistance mutations of the virus. In cell cultures, the emergence of amino acid substitutions at NS3 resistance-associated positions A156 or D/Q168 in HCV genotype 1a, 2a or 3a replicons led to reduced susceptibility to glecaprevir. The combinations of amino acid substitutions at NS3 position Y65H and D/Q168 also results in greater reductions in glecaprevir susceptibility, and NS3 Q80R in genotype 3a patients also leads to glecaprevir resistance.   Glecaprevir is available as an oral combination therapy with [DB13878] under the brand name Mavyret. This fixed-dose combination therapy was FDA-approved in August 2017 to treat adults with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes 1-6 without cirrhosis (liver disease) or with mild cirrhosis, including patients with moderate to severe kidney disease and those who are on dialysis. Mavyret is also indicated for HCV genotype 1-infected patients who have been previously treated with regimens either containing an NS5A inhibitor or an NS3/4A protease inhibitor, but not both. Hepatitis C viral infection often leads to decreased liver function and subsequent liver failure, causing a significantly negative impact on the patients' quality of life. The ultimate goal of the combination treatment is to achieve sustained virologic response (SVR) and cure the patients from the infection. In clinical trials, this combination therapy achieved SVR12 rate, or undetectable Hepatitis C for twelve or more weeks after the end of treatment, of \u226593% across genotypes 1a, 2a, 3a, 4, 5 and 6.", "Glecaprevir is a Hepatitis C Virus NS3/4A Protease Inhibitor. The mechanism of action of glecaprevir is as a HCV NS3/4A Protease Inhibitor, and P-Glycoprotein Inhibitor, and Breast Cancer Resistance Protein Inhibitor, and Organic Anion Transporting Polypeptide 1B1 Inhibitor, and Organic Anion Transporting Polypeptide 1B3 Inhibitor, and Cytochrome P450 3A Inhibitor, and Cytochrome P450 1A2 Inhibitor, and UGT1A1 Inhibitor."]], ["[(7E)-4-(cyclopropylsulfonylcarbamoyl)-14-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxycarbonylamino]-2,15-dioxo-3,16-diazatricyclo[14.3.0.04,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl] 4-fluoro-1,3-dihydroisoindole-2-carboxylate", "CC(C)(C)OC(=O)NC1CCCCC/C=C/C2CC2(NC(=O)C3CC(CN3C1=O)OC(=O)N4CC5=C(C4)C(=CC=C5)F)C(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C6CC6", ["Danoprevir is an orally bioavailable, peptidomimetic inhibitor of hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS3/4A protease, with antiviral activity against HCV and potential antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2. Upon oral administration, danoprevir binds to and blocks the activity of HCV NS3/4A protease. This prevents the cleavage and processing of HCV viral proteins leading to the inhibition of HCV replication. Danoprevir may also bind to and block of the activity of SARS-CoV-2 protease. This prevents the cleavage and processing of SARS-CoV-2 viral proteins leading to the inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 replication. NS3/4A, a chymotrypsin-like serine protease, is responsible for cleavage at four sites of the HCV polyprotein to form the viral proteins required for HCV replication. It plays a key role in the HCV viral replication process. HCV infection is associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A chymotrypsin-like protease is responsible for cleavage of the SARS-CoV-2 viral polyprotein to form the RNA replicase-transcriptase complex, which plays a key role in the SARS-CoV-2 viral transcription and replication process."]], ["[4-(Cyclopropylsulfonylcarbamoyl)-14-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxycarbonylamino]-2,15-dioxo-3,16-diazatricyclo[14.3.0.04,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl] 4-fluoro-1,3-dihydroisoindole-2-carboxylate", "CC(C)(C)OC(=O)NC1CCCCCC=CC2CC2(NC(=O)C3CC(CN3C1=O)OC(=O)N4CC5=C(C4)C(=CC=C5)F)C(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C6CC6", ["Danoprevir is an orally bioavailable, peptidomimetic inhibitor of hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS3/4A protease, with antiviral activity against HCV and potential antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2. Upon oral administration, danoprevir binds to and blocks the activity of HCV NS3/4A protease. This prevents the cleavage and processing of HCV viral proteins leading to the inhibition of HCV replication. Danoprevir may also bind to and block of the activity of SARS-CoV-2 protease. This prevents the cleavage and processing of SARS-CoV-2 viral proteins leading to the inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 replication. NS3/4A, a chymotrypsin-like serine protease, is responsible for cleavage at four sites of the HCV polyprotein to form the viral proteins required for HCV replication. It plays a key role in the HCV viral replication process. HCV infection is associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A chymotrypsin-like protease is responsible for cleavage of the SARS-CoV-2 viral polyprotein to form the RNA replicase-transcriptase complex, which plays a key role in the SARS-CoV-2 viral transcription and replication process."]], ["Celexa", "[H+].CN(C)CCCC1(C2=C(CO1)C=C(C=C2)C#N)C3=CC=C(C=C3)F.[Br-]", ["A furancarbonitrile that is one of the SELECTIVE SEROTONIN REUPTAKE INHIBITORS used as an antidepressant. The drug is also effective in reducing ethanol uptake in alcoholics and is used in depressed patients who also suffer from TARDIVE DYSKINESIA in preference to tricyclic antidepressants, which aggravate dyskinesia."]], ["Axelopran", "C1CCC(CC1)CN(CCN2[C@@H]3CC[C@H]2CC(C3)C4=CC(=CC=C4)C(=O)N)C(=O)[C@H](CO)O", ["Axelopran has been used in trials studying the treatment of OIC and Opioid-induced Constipation."]], ["Darolutamide", "C[C@@H](CN1C=CC(=N1)C2=CC(=C(C=C2)C#N)Cl)NC(=O)C3=NNC(=C3)C(C)O", ["Darolutamide is a nonsteroidal androgen receptor antagonist for the treatment of castrate-resistant, non-metastatic prostate cancer (nmCRPC). This condition occurs in the majority of patients with advanced prostate cancer who have been treated with androgen receptor antagonists. Though prior treatment for prostate cancer has been successful for these patients, the cancer eventually progresses to become resistant to existing therapies. This warrants further treatment.  The goal of treatment with darolutamide is to delay the progression of prostate cancer to metastatic disease, increasing quality of life and life expectancy for those with advanced prostate cancer. Darolutamide was developed by Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals Inc. and approved by the FDA on July 30th, 2019.", "Darolutamide is a formulation containing an androgen receptor (AR) antagonist with potential antineoplastic activity. Darolutamide binds to ARs in target tissues; subsequently, inhibiting androgen-induced receptor activation and facilitating the formation of inactive complexes that cannot translocate to the nucleus. This prevents binding to and transcription of AR-responsive genes that regulate prostate cancer cell proliferation. This ultimately leads to an inhibition of growth in AR-expressing prostate cancer cells."]], ["Pimodivir", "C1CC2CCC1[C@@H]([C@H]2NC3=NC(=NC=C3F)C4=CNC5=C4C=C(C=N5)F)C(=O)O", ["Pimodivir is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02658825 (A Study to Evaluate the Effect of JNJ-63623872 on Cardiac Repolarization Interval in Healthy Participants).", "Pimodivir is an orally bioavailable non-nucleoside inhibitor of the polymerase basic protein 2 (PB2) subunit of the influenza A virus polymerase complex with potential antiviral activity. Upon administration, pimodivir occupies the 7-methyl GTP (m7GTP) binding site of PB2, thereby blocking the cap-snatching activity of the influenza polymerase complex and inhibiting the synthesis of viral mRNA. PB2 is one of three subunits that make up the influenza A viral polymerase complex, which is responsible for replication and transcription of the viral RNA (vRNA) genome in the nuclei of infected cells."]], ["(1S)-1-(4-((1S)-1-Aminoethyl)phenyl)-2-(tert-butylamino)ethanol", "C[C@@H](C1=CC=C(C=C1)[C@@H](CNC(C)(C)C)O)N", ["MK-1496 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Neoplasms and Malignant."]], ["Larotrectinib sulfate", "C1C[C@@H](N(C1)C2=NC3=C(C=NN3C=C2)NC(=O)N4CC[C@@H](C4)O)C5=C(C=CC(=C5)F)F.OS(=O)(=O)O", ["Larotrectinib Sulfate is the sulfate salt form of larotrectinib, an orally available, tropomyosin receptor kinase (Trk) inhibitor, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, larotrectinib binds to Trk, thereby preventing neurotrophin-Trk interaction and Trk activation, which results in both the induction of cellular apoptosis and the inhibition of cell growth in tumors that overexpress Trk. Trk, a receptor tyrosine kinase activated by neurotrophins, is mutated in a variety of cancer cell types and plays an important role in tumor cell growth and survival."]], ["Dimethandrolone Undecanoate", "CCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H]1CC[C@@H]2[C@@]1(C[C@@H]([C@H]3[C@H]2[C@@H](CC4=CC(=O)CC[C@H]34)C)C)C", ["Dimethandrolone Undecanoate is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03455075 (Study of Spermatogenesis Suppression With DMAU Alone or With LNG Versus Placebo Alone in Normal Men)."]], ["Iberdomide", "C1CC(=O)NC(=O)[C@H]1N2CC3=C(C2=O)C=CC=C3OCC4=CC=C(C=C4)CN5CCOCC5", ["Iberdomide (CC-220) has been used in trials studying the treatment of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.", "Iberdomide is a modulator of the E3 ubiquitin ligase complex containing cereblon (CRL4-CRBN E3 ubiquitin ligase), with immunomodulating and pro-apoptotic activities. Upon administration, iberdomide specifically binds to the cereblon (CRBN) part of the ligase complex, thereby affecting the ubiquitin E3 ligase activity, and targeting certain substrate proteins for ubiquitination. This induces the proteasome-mediated degradation of certain transcription factors, including Ikaros (IKZF1) and Aiolos (IKZF3) which are transcriptional repressors in T-cells. This leads to a reduction of their protein levels, and the modulation of the immune system, including activation of T-lymphocytes. In addition, this leads to a downregulation of other proteins, including interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4), which plays a key role in the proliferation of certain cancer cell types. CRBN, the substrate recognition component of the E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, plays a key role in the ubiquitination of certain proteins."]], ["Itacitinib adipate", "C1CN(CCC1N2CC(C2)(CC#N)N3C=C(C=N3)C4=C5C=CNC5=NC=N4)C(=O)C6=C(C(=NC=C6)C(F)(F)F)F.C(CCC(=O)O)CC(=O)O", ["Itacitinib Adipate is the adipate salt form of itacitinib, an orally bioavailable inhibitor of Janus-associated kinase 1 (JAK1) with potential antineoplastic and immunomodulating activities. Upon oral administration, itacitinib selectively inhibits JAK-1, thereby inhibiting the phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) proteins and the production of proinflammatory factors induced by other cytokines, including interleukin-23 (IL-23) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). The JAK-STAT pathway plays a key role in the signaling of many cytokines and growth factors and is involved in cellular proliferation, growth, hematopoiesis, and the immune response; JAK kinases may be upregulated in inflammatory diseases, myeloproliferative disorders, and various malignancies."]], ["Voruciclib", "CN1CC[C@H]([C@@H]1CO)C2=C(C=C(C3=C2OC(=CC3=O)C4=C(C=C(C=C4)C(F)(F)F)Cl)O)O", ["Voruciclib is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03547115 (A Phase 1 Study of Voruciclib in Subjects With B-Cell Malignancies or AML).", "Voruciclib is a cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, voruciclib selectively inhibits cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) and 6 (CDK6). This inhibits retinoblastoma (Rb) protein phosphorylation early in the G1 phase, which prevents CDK-mediated G1-S phase transition and leads to cell cycle arrest. This suppresses DNA replication and decreases tumor cell proliferation. CDK4 and 6 are serine/threonine kinases that are upregulated in many tumor cell types and play a key role in the regulation of cell cycle progression."]], ["Reldesemtiv", "C1C(CC1(CNC2=NC=C(C=N2)N3C=CC(=C3)C(=O)N)C4=C(C=CC=N4)F)F", ["Reldesemtiv is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03160898 (A Study to Evaluate Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability of CK-2127107 in Patients With Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS))."]], ["Benzamide, 3-ethyl-4-[3-(1-methylethyl)-4-[4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl]-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-1-yl]-", "CCC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C(=O)N)N2C3=NC=CC(=C3C(=N2)C(C)C)N4C=C(N=C4)C5=CN(N=C5)C", ["TAS-116 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02965885 (A Study of TAS-116 in Patients With Solid Tumors).", "Pimitespib is a specific inhibitor of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) subtypes alpha and beta, with potential antineoplastic and chemo/radiosensitizing activities. Upon oral administration, pimitespib specifically binds to and inhibits the activity of Hsp90 alpha and beta; this results in the proteasomal degradation of oncogenic client proteins, which inhibits client protein dependent-signaling, induces apoptosis, and inhibits the proliferation of cells overexpressing HSP90alpha/beta. Hsp90, a family of molecular chaperone proteins that are upregulated in a variety of tumor cells, plays a key role in the conformational maturation, stability, and function of \"client\" proteins within the cell,; many of which are involved in signal transduction, cell cycle regulation and apoptosis, including kinases, cell-cycle regulators, transcription factors and hormone receptors. As TAS-116 selectively inhibits cytosolic HSP90alpha and beta only and does not inhibit HSP90 paralogs, such as endoplasmic reticulum GRP94 or mitochondrial TRAP1, this agent may have less off-target toxicity as compared to non-selective HSP90 inhibitors."]], ["Fedratinib dihydrochloride monohydrate", "CC1=CN=C(N=C1NC2=CC(=CC=C2)S(=O)(=O)NC(C)(C)C)NC3=CC=C(C=C3)OCCN4CCCC4.O.Cl.Cl", ["Fedratinib Hydrochloride is the monohydrate dihydrochloride salt form of fedratinib, an orally bioavailable, small-molecule, ATP-competitive inhibitor of Janus-associated kinase 2 (JAK2) and FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3; CD135; STK1; FLK2), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, fedratinib competes with wild-type JAK2 as well as mutated forms for ATP binding, which may result in inhibition of JAK2 activation, inhibition of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway, inhibition of tumor cell proliferation and induction of tumor cell apoptosis. JAK2 is the most commonly mutated gene in bcr-abl-negative myeloproliferative disorders (MPDs). In addition, fedratinib targets, binds to and inhibits the activity of FLT3. This inhibits uncontrolled FLT3 signaling and results in the inhibition of proliferation in tumor cells overexpressing FLT3. FLT3, a class III receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK), is overexpressed or mutated in most B-lineage neoplasms and in acute myeloid leukemias and plays a key role in tumor cell proliferation."]], ["Fosciclopirox", "CC1=CC(=O)N(C(=C1)C2CCCCC2)OCOP(=O)(O)O", ["Fosciclopirox is a phosphoryloxymethyl (POM) ester-based prodrug of ciclopirox (CPX), a synthetic, broad-spectrum antifungal agent with antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and potential antineoplastic activities. Upon intravenous administration of fosciclopirox, the POM moiety is cleaved off by phosphatases and the active metabolite CPX is released. Although its exact anticancer mechanism is not yet fully elucidated, CPX has been shown to inhibit tumor cell proliferation, induce apoptosis, and reduce tumor cell mobility in certain cancer types. CPX inhibits Notch1 activation and inhibits the Notch1-mediated signaling pathway, which is upregulated in many cancer cell types. This inhibits Notch downstream target proteins, inhibits the expression of gamma-secretase complex proteins, and prevents proliferation in susceptible cancer cells. CPX inhibits the iron-containing enzymes, catalase and peroxidase, which facilitate the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide, a reactive oxygen species (ROS) involved in oxidative stress. CPX also inhibits the iron-dependent enzyme ribonucleotide reductase, which is essential in DNA synthesis. CPX downregulates protein expression of cyclin D1 and cyclin E1, as well as their enzymatic counterparts cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 2 (CDK4 and CDK2), which may inhibit tumor cell proliferation by slowing cell cycle progression from G1/G0 to S phase. Further, CPX may induce apoptosis by downregulating the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins, Bcl-xL and survivin, and increasing cleavage of Bcl-2. Additionally, CPX may inhibit tumor cell proliferation, survival and motility by inhibiting the phosphorylation of p70 S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) and eukaryotic initiation factor 4E binding protein 1 (4E-BP1), two downstream effector molecules of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). The CPX-POM prodrug improves the solubility of CPX and increases systemic efficacy."]], ["Lanabecestat", "CC#CC1=CC(=CN=C1)C2=CC3=C(CC4([C@]35N=C(C(=N5)N)C)CCC(CC4)OC)C=C2", ["Lanabecestat is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03499041 (A Study of LY3314814 in Participants With Liver Impairment)."]], ["CID 67986221", "COC1=CC=C(C=C1)[C@@H]2C3=C(CCN2C(=O)OC4=CC=C(C=C4)Cl)C5=C(N3)C=CC(=C5)Cl", ["PTC299 is a novel, orally administered small-molecule designed to inhibit the production of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in tumors. Overexpression of VEGF plays a key role in multiple diseases including cancer and macular degeneration. PTC299 was discovered through PTC's GEMS technology by targeting the post-transcriptional processes that regulate VEGF formation, and is currently being developed for the treatment of cancer."]], ["2H-1-Benzopyran-7-ol, 3,4-dihydro-3,4-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-8-methyl-, (3R,4S)-", "CC1=C(C=CC2=C1OC[C@H]([C@H]2C3=CC=C(C=C3)O)C4=CC=C(C=C4)O)O", ["ME-344 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Solid Tumors.", "mTOR1/2 Kinase Inhibitor ME-344 is an active metabolite of NV-128, a novel flavonoid small molecule inhibitor of the mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, mTOR1/2 Kinase inhibitor ME-344 downregulates the PIK3/AKT/mTOR pathway and results in chromatin condensation in the absence of caspase activation. Consequently, this agent induces caspase-independent cell death in tumor cells with a de-regulated PIK3/AKT/mTOR pathway or chemotherapeutic resistant cells."]], ["Trilaciclib", "CN1CCN(CC1)C2=CN=C(C=C2)NC3=NC=C4C=C5C(=O)NCC6(N5C4=N3)CCCCC6", ["Trilaciclib, or G1T28, is a CDK4 and CDK6 inhibitor, indicated to reduce the incidence of chemotherapy induced myelosuppression in patients before topotecan-containing or platinum and etoposide-containing chemotherapy for extensive stage small cell lung cancer. CDK4 and CDK6 inhibitors have been investigated since the mid 1990s for their use in tumorigenesis and chemotherapy. Trilaciclib was first described in the literature in 2016.  Trilaciclib was granted FDA approval on 12 February 2021.", "Trilaciclib is a Kinase Inhibitor. The mechanism of action of trilaciclib is as a Cyclin-dependent Kinase 4 Inhibitor, and Cyclin-dependent Kinase 6 Inhibitor, and Organic Cation Transporter 2 Inhibitor, and Multidrug and Toxin Extrusion Transporter 1 Inhibitor, and Multidrug and Toxin Extrusion Transporter 2 K Inhibitor.", "Trilaciclib is a small molecule, competitive inhibitor of cyclin dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDK4/6), with potential antineoplastic and chemoprotective activities. Upon intravenous administration, trilaciclib binds to and inhibits the activity of CDK4/6, thereby blocking the phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma protein (Rb) in early G1. This prevents G1/S phase transition, causes cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase, induces apoptosis, and inhibits the proliferation of CDK4/6-overexpressing tumor cells. In patients with CDK4/6-independent tumor cells, G1T28 may protect against multi-lineage chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression (CIM) by transiently and reversibly inducing G1 cell cycle arrest in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) and preventing transition to the S phase. This protects all hematopoietic lineages, including red blood cells, platelets, neutrophils and lymphocytes, from the DNA-damaging effects of certain chemotherapeutics and preserves the function of the bone marrow and the immune system. CDKs are serine/threonine kinases involved in the regulation of the cell cycle and may be overexpressed in certain cancer cell types. HSPCs are dependent upon CDK4/6 for proliferation."]], ["1-(5-Chloro-6-(2-methylpropoxy)-3-pyridinyl)-3-methyl-N-(methylsulfonyl)-1H-indazole-5-carboxamide", "CC1=NN(C2=C1C=C(C=C2)C(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C)C3=CC(=C(N=C3)OCC(C)C)Cl", ["PF-05241328 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01165736 (To Calculate the Pharmacokinetics (Concentration of Compound in and Rate of Excretion From the Blood) Following a Very Low Dose of Compound Which Will Not Have Any Pharmacological Activity)."]], ["(S)-1-(sec-Butyl)-N-((4,6-dimethyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydropyridin-3-yl)methyl)-3-methyl-6-(6-(piperazin-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl)-1H-indole-4-carboxamide", "CC[C@H](C)N1C=C(C2=C(C=C(C=C21)C3=CN=C(C=C3)N4CCNCC4)C(=O)NCC5=C(C=C(NC5=O)C)C)C", ["1-[(2S)-butan-2-yl]-N-[(4,6-dimethyl-2-oxo-1H-pyridin-3-yl)methyl]-3-methyl-6-[6-(1-piperazinyl)-3-pyridinyl]-4-indolecarboxamide is a member of piperazines and a member of pyridines.", "EZH2 Inhibitor is any agent that inhibits the histone lysine methyltransferase EZH2."]], ["(2S,4aS,6aR,6bR,12aS)-10-hydroxy-2,4a,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-13-oxo-3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,14b-dodecahydro-1H-picene-2-carboxylic acid", "C[C@]12CC[C@](CC1C3=CC(=O)C4[C@]5(CCC(C(C5CC[C@]4([C@]3(CC2)C)C)(C)C)O)C)(C)C(=O)O", ["An oleanolic acid from GLYCYRRHIZA that has some antiallergic, antibacterial, and antiviral properties. It is used topically for allergic or infectious skin inflammation and orally for its aldosterone effects in electrolyte regulation."]], ["Senaparib", "C1CN(CCN1C2=NC=CC=N2)C(=O)C3=C(C=CC(=C3)CN4C5=C(C(=CC=C5)F)C(=O)NC4=O)F", ["Senaparib is an orally bioavailable inhibitor of the nuclear enzymes poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) 1 and 2, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, senaparib selectively binds to PARP 1 and 2 and prevents PARP-mediated DNA repair of single-strand DNA breaks via the base-excision repair pathway. This enhances the accumulation of DNA strand breaks and promotes genomic instability and eventually leads to apoptosis. PARP catalyzes post-translational ADP-ribosylation of nuclear proteins that signal and recruit other proteins to repair damaged DNA and is activated by single-strand DNA breaks."]], ["Dofequidar (sesquifumarate)", "C1CN(CCN1CC(COC2=CC=CC3=C2C=CC=N3)O)C(=O)C(C4=CC=CC=C4)C5=CC=CC=C5.C(=CC(=O)O)C(=O)O", ["Dofequidar Fumarate is a synthetic quinoline derivative with multidrug resistance (MDR) modulating properties. Dofequidar fumarate, like many other MDR reversal agents, binds competitively to the drug-binding site of the transmembrane P-glycoprotein efflux pump (P-gp). Once bound to the P-gp efflux pump, dofequidar is transported out of transformed cells by a mechanism similar to that used by cytotoxic drugs, thereby blocking the efflux of these compounds from the cell. Inhibition of the efflux pump by this agent leads to a retention of the cytotoxic drug resulting in increased intracellular drug concentrations, thereby enhancing cytotoxicity. Dofequidar has demonstrated reversal of the MDR phenotype in those cells exposed to various chemotherapeutic agents, such as vinca alkaloids and anthracyclines."]], ["8-Azabicyclo(3.2.1]octane, 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(methoxymethyl)-8-methyl-, (1R,2R,3S,5S)-", "CN1[C@H]2CC[C@@H]1[C@@H]([C@H](C2)C3=CC(=C(C=C3)Cl)Cl)COC", ["NS2359 is a triple monoamine re-uptake inhibitor with a new, unique drug profile expected to yield important benefits compared to existing treatments of depression. Enhancing the function of the three neurotransmitters serotonin, noradrenalin and dopamine, NS2359 has a desired \"triple-mode-of-action\". This mode of action is expected to produce an optimal reduction in all disease symptoms and the possibility of an earlier onset of action compared to antidepressants already on the market."]], ["Acebilustat", "C1[C@H]2CN([C@@H]1CN2CC3=CC=C(C=C3)OC4=CC=C(C=C4)C5=NC=CO5)CC6=CC=C(C=C6)C(=O)O", ["Acebilustat is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01748838 (Phase 1 Study Assessing the Safety and Tolerability of CTX-4430).", "Acebilustat is an orally bioavailable, small molecule inhibitor of the enzyme leukotriene A4 hydrolase (LTA4H), with potential anti-inflammatory activity. Upon oral administration, acebilustat targets and inhibits the activity of LTA4H, thereby inhibiting the synthesis of the pro-inflammatory mediator leukotriene B4 (LTB4). This may reduce inflammation in various inflammatory disorders including cystic fibrosis and serious pulmonary inflammatory diseases. LTA4H catalyzes a major and rate-limiting step in LTB4 production, and LTB4 plays an important role in pulmonary and systemic inflammation."]], ["(2R,6S,12Z,13aR,14aR,16aS)-N-(cyclopropanesulfonyl)-6-[(5-methylpyrazine-2-carbonyl)amino]-5,16-dioxo-2-[(phenanthridin-6-yl)oxy]-1,2,3,6,7,8,9,10,11,13a,14,15,16,16a-tetradecahydrocyclopropa[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazacyclopentadecine-14a(5H)-carboxamide", "CC1=CN=C(C=N1)C(=O)N[C@H]2CCCCC/C=C\\[C@H]3C[C@]3(NC(=O)[C@@H]4C[C@H](CN4C2=O)OC5=NC6=CC=CC=C6C7=CC=CC=C75)C(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C8CC8", ["Paritaprevir is an azamacrocycle which is used which is in combination with dasabuvir sodium hydrate, ombitasvir and ritonavir (under the trade name Viekira Pak) for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection as well as cirrhosis of the liver. It has a role as an antiviral drug and a hepatitis C protease inhibitor. It is an azamacrocycle, a member of pyrazines, an aromatic amide, an aromatic ether, a lactam, a member of phenanthridines, a member of cyclopropanes and a N-sulfonylcarboxamide."]], ["Lanifibranor", "C1=CC2=C(C=C1S(=O)(=O)N3C4=C(C=C(C=C4)Cl)C=C3CCCC(=O)O)SC=N2", ["Lanifibranor is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03008070 (Phase 2b Study in NASH to Assess IVA337)."]], ["Ubrogepant", "C[C@@H]1[C@@H](C[C@@H](C(=O)N1CC(F)(F)F)NC(=O)C2=CC3=C(C[C@@]4(C3)C5=C(NC4=O)N=CC=C5)N=C2)C6=CC=CC=C6", ["Ubrogepant is indicated for the acute treatment of migraine headaches with or without aura in adults. It was approved by the FDA on December 23, 2019, and is the first oral calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor antagonist approved for the acute treatment of migraine. Several oral small molecule CGRP receptor antagonists, belonging to a class of medications referred to as \"gepants\", have been investigated for migraines, but only ubrogepant and [rimegepant] remain in clinical development. Previous agents within this class were efficacious but limited by liver toxicity - this led to the development of ubrogepant, which was designed to be a hepatoxicity-free alternative to its predecessors. Several parenteral monoclonal antibodies acting against the CGRP pathway (e.g. [erenumab], [fremanezumab], [galcanezumab]) have also been approved in recent years. Ubrogepant was approved by Health Canada on November 10, 2022.  Compared to the current standard of therapy for migraine treatment, namely triptans such as [sumatriptan] and [almotriptan], CGRP antagonists present several advantages. They appear to be better tolerated, do not contribute to medication overuse headaches, and carry no apparent cardiovascular risk, making them suitable for use in patients with cardiovascular disease. The development of oral gepants, including ubrogepant, may therefore constitute a significant advance in migraine headache treatment and may become the new standard of therapy in the treatment of this debilitating condition.", "Ubrogepant is a Calcitonin Gene-related Peptide Receptor Antagonist. The mechanism of action of ubrogepant is as a Calcitonin Gene-related Peptide Receptor Antagonist.", "Ubrogepant is a small molecule inhibitor of the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor that blocks the action of CGRP, a potent vasodilator believed to play a role in migraine headaches. Ubrogepant is approved for treatment of acute migraine attacks. In clinical trials, urbrogepant was generally well tolerated with only rare instances of transient serum aminotransferase elevations during therapy and with no reported instances of clinically apparent liver injury."]], ["Sodium 2-amino-5-[(1-methoxy-2-methylindolizin-3-yl)carbonyl]benzoate", "CC1=C(N2C=CC=CC2=C1OC)C(=O)C3=CC(=C(C=C3)N)C(=O)[O-].[Na+]", ["Sodium 2-amino-5-[(1-methoxy-2-methylindolizin-3-yl)carbonyl]benzoate is an organic sodium salt having 2-amino-5-[(1-methoxy-2-methylindolizin-3-yl)carbonyl]benzoate as the counterion. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent and a fibroblast growth factor receptor antagonist. It contains a 2-amino-5-[(1-methoxy-2-methylindolizin-3-yl)carbonyl]benzoate.", "FGFR Inhibitor is any agent that inhibits the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR)."]], ["(S)-N-(1-(7-fluoro-2-(pyridin-2-yl)quinolin-3-yl)ethyl)-9H-purin-6-amine", "C[C@@H](C1=C(N=C2C=C(C=CC2=C1)F)C3=CC=CC=N3)NC4=NC=NC5=C4NC=N5", ["PI3K-delta Inhibitor AMG 319 is a highly selective, potent, and orally bioavailable small molecule inhibitor of the delta isoform of the 110 kDa catalytic subunit of class IA phosphoinositide-3 kinases (PI3K) with potential immunomodulating and antineoplastic activities.  PI3K-delta inhibitor AMG 319 prevents the activation of the PI3K signaling pathway through inhibition of the production of the second messenger phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3), thus decreasing proliferation and inducing cell death.  Unlike other isoforms of PI3K, PI3K-delta is expressed primarily in hematopoietic lineages. The targeted inhibition of PI3K-delta is designed to preserve PI3K signaling in normal, non-neoplastic cells."]], ["Epoprostenol (sodium)", "CCCCC[C@@H](/C=C/[C@H]1[C@@H](C[C@@H]2[C@@H]1C/C(=C/CCCC(=O)[O-])/O2)O)O.[Na+]", ["Epoprostenol Sodium is the sodium salt form of epoprostenol, a synthetic prostacyclin, a member of the family of prostaglandins, with vasodilatory and anticoagulant activity. Epoprostenol sodium directly simulates prostaglandin receptors in arterial vascular smooth muscle, thereby causing vasodilatation. This agent also inhibits platelet aggregation by antagonizing platelet glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa receptors, thereby preventing thrombus formation.", "A prostaglandin that is a powerful vasodilator and inhibits platelet aggregation. It is biosynthesized enzymatically from PROSTAGLANDIN ENDOPEROXIDES in human vascular tissue. The sodium salt has been also used to treat primary pulmonary hypertension (HYPERTENSION, PULMONARY)."]], ["4-Hydroxy-19-normethyltestosterone", "C[C@]12CC[C@H]3[C@H]([C@@H]1CC[C@]2(C)O)CCC4=C(C(=O)CC[C@H]34)O", ["17alpha-methyl-4-hydroxynandrolone is a schedule 3 anabolic steroid."]], ["Cycrin", "CC1C[C@@H]2[C@H](CC[C@]3([C@H]2CC[C@]3(C(=O)C)OC(=O)C)C)[C@@]4(C1=CC(=O)CC4)C", ["A synthetic progestin that is derived from 17-hydroxyprogesterone. It is a long-acting contraceptive that is effective both orally or by intramuscular injection and has also been used to treat breast and endometrial neoplasms."]], ["Tanimilast", "CS(=O)(=O)NC1=C(C=C(C=C1)C(=O)O[C@@H](CC2=C(C=[N+](C=C2Cl)[O-])Cl)C3=CC(=C(C=C3)OC(F)F)OCC4CC4)OCC5CC5", ["CHF6001 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease."]], ["Rocacetrapib", "C[C@H]1[C@H](OC(=O)N1CC2=C(CCC(C2)(C)C)C3=CC(=C(C=C3OC)F)C(C)C)C4=CC(=CC(=C4)C(F)(F)F)C(F)(F)F", ["Rocacetrapib is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02156544 (Study to Investigate the Safety/Tolerability and Pharmacokinetics/Pharmacodynamics of CKD-519)."]], ["Adenosylcobalamin", "CC1=CC2=C(C=C1C)N(C=N2)[C@@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O3)CO)OP(=O)([O-])O[C@H](C)CNC(=O)CC[C@@]\\4([C@H]([C@@H]5[C@]6([C@@]([C@@H](C(=N6)/C(=C\\7/[C@@]([C@@H](C(=N7)/C=C\\8/C([C@@H](C(=N8)/C(=C4\\[N-]5)/C)CCC(=O)N)(C)C)CCC(=O)N)(C)CC(=O)N)/C)CCC(=O)N)(C)CC(=O)N)C)CC(=O)N)C)O.[CH2-][C@@H]1[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O1)N2C=NC3=C(N=CN=C32)N)O)O.[Co]", ["Cobamamide is a member of the class of cobalamins that is vitamin B12 in which the cyano group is replaced by a 5'-deoxyadenos-5'-yl moiety. It is one of the two metabolically active form of vitamin B12. It has a role as a coenzyme, a human metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite, a cofactor and a prosthetic group. It is a member of cobalamins and a corrinoid.", "Cobamamide is one of the active forms of vitamin B12 that is also known as adenosylcobalamin or dibencozide. This drug is available as a nutritional supplement to prevent vitamin B12 deficiency.  Vitamin B12 is a collective term for these variously substituted corrinoids. The principal biochemical participants are two coenzyme forms of Vitamin B12 that are produced and activated in two separate cellular compartments: methylcobalamin in the cytosol and adenosylcobalamin in the mitochondria.  Vitamin B12 (cyancobalamin, Cbl) has two active co-enzyme forms, methylcobalamin (MeCbl) and adenosylcobalamin (AdCbl). There has been a shift in the treatment of vitamin B12 deficiency such that MeCbl is being extensively used and promoted. This exists despite the fact that both MeCbl and AdCbl are necessary for life and have vastly different metabolic fates and functions. MeCbl is mainly involved along with folate in hematopoiesis and the growth of the brain during childhood. Deficiency of AdCbl disturbs the carbohydrate, fat and amino-acid metabolism, and therefore interferes with the formation of myelin. It is therefore important to treat vitamin B12 deficiency with a combination of MeCbl and AdCbl or hydroxocobalamin or cobalamin.   Vitamin B12 has important physiological roles including DNA synthesis, myelin formation in the nervous system, red blood cell formation, as well as fatty acid and amino acid metabolism. Please refer to the entry [DB00115] for more information on this entry.", "Adenosylcobalamin is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655)."]], ["Hydroxocobalamine", "CC1=CC2=C(C=C1C)N(C=N2)[C@@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O3)CO)OP(=O)([O-])O[C@H](C)CNC(=O)CC[C@@]\\4([C@H]([C@@H]5[C@]6([C@@]([C@@H](C(=N6)/C(=C\\7/[C@@]([C@@H](C(=N7)/C=C\\8/C([C@@H](C(=N8)/C(=C4\\[N-]5)/C)CCC(=O)N)(C)C)CCC(=O)N)(C)CC(=O)N)/C)CCC(=O)N)(C)CC(=O)N)C)CC(=O)N)C)O.O.[Co]", ["Hydroxocobalamin is a member of cobalamins. It has a role as an anti-anaemic agent and an antidote to cyanide poisoning. It is a conjugate base of an aquacob(III)alamin.", "Hydroxocobalamin, also known as vitamin B12a and hydroxycobalamin, is an injectable form of vitamin B 12 that has been used therapeutically to treat vitamin B 12 deficiency. It is also used in cyanide poisoning, Leber's optic atrophy, and toxic amblyopia.", "Hydroxocobalamin is a synthetic form of vitamin B12 that can be used as a dietary supplement to treat vitamin B12 deficiency. Upon administration, hydroxocobalamin mimics vitamin B12 and acts as an essential cofactor in various cellular reactions required for cell growth and replication, and hematopoiesis.", "Injectable form of VITAMIN B 12 that has been used therapeutically to treat VITAMIN B 12 DEFICIENCY."]], ["Lorcaserin hydrochloride hemihydrate", "C[C@H]1CNCCC2=C1C=C(C=C2)Cl.C[C@H]1CNCCC2=C1C=C(C=C2)Cl.O.Cl.Cl", ["Lorcaserin hydrochloride hemihydrate is a hydrate that is the hemihydrate form of lorcaserin hydrochloride. Used as an anti-obesity drug. It has a role as an appetite depressant and a serotonergic agonist. It contains a lorcaserin hydrochloride."]], ["Gadavist", "C1CN(CCN(CCN(CCN1CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])[C@@H](CO)[C@H](CO)O)CC(=O)[O-].[Gd+3]", ["Gadobutrol is a gadolinium coordination entity consisting of a central Gd(III) atom bound to a macrocyclic tetraamine framework. It is used as a paramagnetic contrast agent in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). It has a role as a MRI contrast agent.", "Intravenous gadobutrol is a second-generation extracellular non-ionic macrocyclic GBCA (gadolinium-based contrast agent) used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in adults and children older than 2 years of age. It may help visualize and detect vascular abnormalities in the blood brain barrier (BBB) and central nervous system (CNS).   In patients with impaired renal function, gadolinium based contrast agents increase the risk of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF). A physician should be contacted if symptoms of NSF are encountered, such as dark or red patches on the skin; stiffness in joints; trouble moving, bending or straightening arms, hands, legs or feet; burning, itching, swelling, scaling, hardening and tightening of skin; pain in hip bones or ribs; or muscle weakness.   Common adverse reactions that may be experienced include headache, nausea, feeling hot, abnormal taste, and warmth, burning or pain local to the injection site.   General precautions should be taken in patients who are pregnant or breastfeeding, or who have a history of allergic reaction to contrast media, bronchial asthma or an allergic respiratory disorder.", "Gadobutrol is a gadolinium-based, hydrophilic, macrocyclic, electrically neutral contrast agent used in contrast-enhanced MRI (CE-MRI). Gadobutrol is a non-ionic, paramagnetic complex consisting of gadolinium (Gd3+) chelated with the macrocyclic compound dihydroxy-hydroxymethylpropyl-tetraazacyclododecane-triacetic acid (butrol). Following intravenous administration, gadobutrol may increase MRI sensitivity for the detection of tumors and inflammatory and demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) that are associated with areas with blood-brain barrier defects due to altered perfusion or an enlarged extracellular space. This agent is eliminated in an unchanged form via the kidneys; extra-renal elimination is negligible."]], ["Perampanel hydrate", "C1=CC=C(C=C1)N2C=C(C=C(C2=O)C3=CC=CC=C3C#N)C4=CC=CC=N4.C1=CC=C(C=C1)N2C=C(C=C(C2=O)C3=CC=CC=C3C#N)C4=CC=CC=N4.C1=CC=C(C=C1)N2C=C(C=C(C2=O)C3=CC=CC=C3C#N)C4=CC=CC=N4.C1=CC=C(C=C1)N2C=C(C=C(C2=O)C3=CC=CC=C3C#N)C4=CC=CC=N4.O.O.O", ["Perampanel hydrate is a hydrate obtained by combining four molecules of perampanel with three molecules of water. Used as an adjunctive therapy for the treatment of partial-onset seizures in patients with epilepsy. It has a role as an AMPA receptor antagonist and an anticonvulsant. It contains a perampanel."]], ["Hydroxocobalamin acetate", "CC1=CC2=C(C=C1C)N(C=N2)[C@@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O3)CO)OP(=O)([O-])O[C@H](C)CNC(=O)CC[C@@]\\4([C@H]([C@@H]5[C@]6([C@@]([C@@H](C(=N6)/C(=C\\7/[C@@]([C@@H](C(=N7)/C=C\\8/C([C@@H](C(=N8)/C(=C4\\[N-]5)/C)CCC(=O)N)(C)C)CCC(=O)N)(C)CC(=O)N)/C)CCC(=O)N)(C)CC(=O)N)C)CC(=O)N)C)O.O.[Co+2]", ["Hydroxocobalamin is a synthetic form of vitamin B12 that can be used as a dietary supplement to treat vitamin B12 deficiency. Upon administration, hydroxocobalamin mimics vitamin B12 and acts as an essential cofactor in various cellular reactions required for cell growth and replication, and hematopoiesis.", "Injectable form of VITAMIN B 12 that has been used therapeutically to treat VITAMIN B 12 DEFICIENCY."]], ["(10S,23S)-23-amino-10-ethyl-18-fluoro-10-hydroxy-19-methyl-8-oxa-4,15-diazahexacyclo[14.7.1.02,14.04,13.06,11.020,24]tetracosa-1,6(11),12,14,16,18,20(24)-heptaene-5,9-dione;methanesulfonic acid;hydrate", "CC[C@@]1(C2=C(COC1=O)C(=O)N3CC4=C5[C@H](CCC6=C5C(=CC(=C6C)F)N=C4C3=C2)N)O.CS(=O)(=O)O.O", ["Exatecan Mesylate is a semisynthetic, water-soluble derivative of camptothecin with antineoplastic activity. Exatecan mesylate inhibits topoisomerase I activity by stabilizing the cleavable complex between topoisomerase I and DNA and inhibiting religation of DNA breaks, thereby inhibiting DNA replication and triggering apoptotic cell death. This agent does not require enzymatic activation and exhibits greater potency than camptothecin and other camptothecin analogues. (NCI04)"]], ["Iothalamate sodium I-125", "CC(=O)NC1=C(C(=C(C(=C1[125I])C(=O)[O-])[125I])C(=O)NC)I.[Na+]", ["Iothalamate Sodium I-125 is the sodium salt form of iothalamate, an organic iodine compound, labeled with iodine I-125 and used as a radiopharmaceutical. Iothalamate sodium I-125 is cleared by glomerular filtration without tubular secretion or reabsorption and can be used as a diagnostic tool to determine the glomerular filtration rate."]], ["Allopurinol sodium salt", "C1=NNC2=C1C(=O)[N-]C=N2.[Na+]", ["Allopurinol Sodium is the sodium form of allopurinol, which is a structural isomer of hypoxanthine. Allopurinol inhibits xanthine oxidase, an enzyme that converts oxypurines to uric acid. By blocking the production of uric acid, this agent decreases serum and urine concentrations of uric acid, thereby providing protection against uric acid-mediated end organ damage in conditions associated with excessive production of uric acid, i.e. the massive cell lysis associated with the treatment of some malignancies. (NCI04)"]], ["Vinflunine bitartrate", "CC[C@@]12C=CCN3[C@@H]1[C@]4(CC3)[C@H]([C@]([C@@H]2OC(=O)C)(C(=O)OC)O)N(C5=CC(=C(C=C45)[C@]6(C[C@@H]7C[C@H](CN(C7)CC8=C6NC9=CC=CC=C89)C(C)(F)F)C(=O)OC)OC)C.C(C(C(=O)O)O)(C(=O)O)O.C(C(C(=O)O)O)(C(=O)O)O", ["Vinflunine Ditartrate is the ditartrate salt of vinflunine, a bi-fluorinated derivative of the semisynthetic vinca alkaloid vinorelbine with potential antimitotic and antineoplastic activities. Vinflunine binds to tubulin and inhibits tubulin assembly and disrupts microtubule assembly dynamics. This results in cell cycle arrest in mitosis and an induction of apoptosis."]], ["Dacomitinib monohydrate", "COC1=C(C=C2C(=C1)N=CN=C2NC3=CC(=C(C=C3)F)Cl)NC(=O)/C=C/CN4CCCCC4.O", ["Dacomitinib is a highly selective, orally bioavailable small-molecule inhibitor of the HER family of tyrosine kinases with potential antineoplastic activity. Dacomitinib specifically and irreversibly binds to and inhibits human Her-1, Her-2, and Her-4, resulting in the proliferation inhibition and apoptosis of tumor cells that overexpress these receptors."]], ["3-[[(1S,3S,5S,6S,8S,10S,11S,13S,15S,16S,18S,20S,21S,23S,25S,26S,28S,30S,31S,33S,35S,36S,38S,40S,41R,42R,43R,44R,45R,46R,47R,48R,49R,50R,51R,53R,54R,55R,56R)-10,15,20,25,30,35,40-heptakis(2-carboxyethylsulfanylmethyl)-41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56-hexadecahydroxy-2,4,7,9,12,14,17,19,22,24,27,29,32,34,37,39-hexadecaoxanonacyclo[36.2.2.23,6.28,11.213,16.218,21.223,26.228,31.233,36]hexapentacontan-5-yl]methylsulfanyl]propanoic acid", "C(CSC[C@@H]1[C@@H]2[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](O1)O[C@@H]3[C@H](O[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]3O)O)O[C@@H]4[C@H](O[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]4O)O)O[C@@H]5[C@H](O[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]5O)O)O[C@@H]6[C@H](O[C@@H](C([C@H]6O)O)O[C@@H]7[C@H](O[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]7O)O)O[C@@H]8[C@H](O[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]8O)O)O[C@@H]9[C@H](O[C@H](O2)[C@@H]([C@H]9O)O)CSCCC(=O)O)CSCCC(=O)O)CSCCC(=O)O)CSCCC(=O)O)CSCCC(=O)O)CSCCC(=O)O)CSCCC(=O)O)O)O)C(=O)O", ["Sugammadex is a biologically inert, selective relaxant binding agent (SRBA) composed of a modified, anionic gamma cyclodextrin derivative containing a hydrophilic exterior and a hydrophobic core, with neuromuscular blocking drug (NMBD) reversal activity. Upon administration, the negatively charged carboxyl-thio-ether groups of sugammadex selectively and reversibly bind to the positively charged quaternary nitrogen of a steroidal NMBD, such as rocuronium and vecuronium, which was administered at an earlier time for anesthetic purposes. The encapsulation of the NMBD by sugammadex blocks its ability to bind to nicotinic receptors in the neuromuscular junction and thereby reverses the NMBD-induced neuromuscular blockade.", "A gamma-cyclodextrin that functions as a reversal agent for the neuromuscular blocker ROCURONIUM BROMIDE."]], ["(2R,4S)-N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)-4-hydroperoxy-2-oxo-1,3,2lambda5-oxazaphosphinan-2-amine", "C1CO[P@](=O)(N[C@H]1OO)N(CCCl)CCCl", ["Perfosfamide is the active metabolite of the nitrogen mustard cyclophosphamide with potent antineoplastic and immunosuppressive properties. Perfosfamide alkylates DNA, thereby inhibiting DNA replication and RNA and protein synthesis. (NCI04)"]], ["Fluorescein Lisicol", "C[C@H](CCC(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCNC(=S)NC1=CC2=C(C=C1)C3(C4=C(C=C(C=C4)O)OC5=C3C=CC(=C5)O)OC2=O)C(=O)O)[C@H]6CC[C@@H]7[C@@]6([C@H](C[C@H]8[C@H]7[C@@H](C[C@H]9[C@@]8(CC[C@H](C9)O)C)O)O)C", ["See also: Fluorescein (related)."]], ["(4aS,6aR,6bS,8aR,12aS,14bS)-Methyl 11-cyano-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-10,14-dioxo-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,6a,6b,7,8,8a,9,10,12a,14,14a,14b-octadecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate", "C[C@@]12CC[C@]3(CCC(C[C@H]3C1C(=O)C=C4[C@]2(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(C=C(C(=O)C5(C)C)C#N)C)C)(C)C)C(=O)OC", ["Bardoxolone Methyl is the methyl ester form of bardoxolone, a synthetic triterpenoid compound with potential antineoplastic and anti-inflammatory activities. Bardoxolone blocks the synthesis of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and inducible cyclooxygenase (COX-2), two enzymes involved in inflammation and carcinogenesis. This agent also inhibits the interleukin-1 (IL-1)-induced expression of the pro-inflammatory proteins matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) and matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) and the expression of Bcl-3; Bcl-3 is an IL-1-responsive gene that preferentially contributes to MMP-1 gene expression."]], ["Ridaura", "CC[PH+](CC)CC.CC(=O)OC[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O1)[S-])OC(=O)C)OC(=O)C)OC(=O)C.[Au]", ["Auranofin is an S-glycosyl compound consisting of 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-1-thio-beta-D-glucopyranose with the sufur atom coordinated to (triethylphosphoranylidene)gold. It is administered orally for the treatment of active progressive rheumatoid arthritis. It has a role as an antirheumatic drug, an EC 1.8.1.9 (thioredoxin reductase) inhibitor and an immunosuppressive agent. It is a gold coordination entity and a S-glycosyl compound.", "Auranofin is a gold salt that is capable of eliciting pharmacologic actions that suppress inflammation and stimulate cell-mediated immunity. It has subsequently been listed by the World Health Organization as a member of the antirheumatic agent category. Auranofin appears to induce heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) mRNA. Heme oxygenase 1 is an inducible heme-degrading enzyme with anti-inflammatory properties.", "Auranofin is an orally available, lipophilic, organogold compound, used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, with anti-inflammatory and potential antineoplastic activities. Auranofin interacts with selenocysteine residue within the redox-active domain of mitochondrial thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), thereby blocking the activity of TrxR. As a result, this agent induces mitochondrial oxidative stress leading to the induction of apoptosis. Furthermore, this agent strongly inhibits the JAK1/STAT3 signal transduction pathway, thereby suppressing expression of immune factors involved in inflammation. TrxR, overexpressed in many cancer cell types, inhibits apoptosis, promotes cell growth and survival and plays a role in resistance to chemotherapy; TrxR catalyzes the reduction of oxidized thioredoxin (Trx) and plays a central role in regulating cellular redox homeostasis.", "An oral chrysotherapeutic agent for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Its exact mechanism of action is unknown, but it is believed to act via immunological mechanisms and alteration of lysosomal enzyme activity. Its efficacy is slightly less than that of injected gold salts, but it is better tolerated, and side effects which occur are potentially less serious."]], ["(1R,2S,5R,7R,8R,9R,11R,13R,14R)-8-[(2S,3R,4S,6R)-4-(dimethylamino)-3-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-2-ethyl-9-methoxy-1,5,7,9,11,13-hexamethyl-15-[4-(4-pyridin-3-ylimidazol-1-yl)butyl]-3,17-dioxa-15-azabicyclo[12.3.0]heptadecane-4,6,12,16-tetrone", "CC[C@H]1[C@]2([C@@H]([C@H](C(=O)[C@@H](C[C@@]([C@@H]([C@H](C(=O)[C@H](C(=O)O1)C)C)O[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@H](C[C@H](O3)C)N(C)C)O)(C)OC)C)C)N(C(=O)O2)CCCCN4C=C(N=C4)C5=CN=CC=C5)C", ["Telithromycin is a ketolide, a novel form of macrolide antibiotic that is recommended for treatment of community acquired pneumonia. Telithromycin was approved for use in the United States in 2004 and subsequently linked to several cases of severe drug induced liver injury."]], ["Serabelisib", "C1COCCN1C(=O)C2=CN=C3N2C=C(C=C3)C4=CC5=C(C=C4)OC(=N5)N", ["Serabelisib is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02625259 (A Study to Evaluate the Relative Bioavailability, Effect of Food, and Gastric Potential Hydrogen (pH) Modification on the Pharmacokinetics of TAK-117 (MLN1117) in Healthy Participants).", "Serabelisib is an orally bioavailable inhibitor of the class I phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) alpha isoform with potential antineoplastic activity. Serabelisib selectively inhibits PI3K alpha kinase, including mutations of PIK3CA, in the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, which may result in tumor cell apoptosis and growth inhibition in PI3K alpha-expressing tumor cells. By specifically targeting class I PI3K alpha, this agent may be more efficacious and less toxic than pan PI3K inhibitors. Dysregulation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway is frequently found in solid tumors and results in promoting tumor cell growth, survival, and resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy; PIK3CA, one of the most highly mutated oncogenes, encodes the p110-alpha catalytic subunit of the class I PI3K."]], ["9VR1J6U4XG", "C1CN([C@@]2(N1C(=O)C3=C2C=NC=C3)C4=CC=C(C=C4)Cl)C(=O)C5=CN=CC=C5", ["BTA9881 is a respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) antiviral drug developed by the Australian company Biota Holdings. It is currently in phase I trials."]], ["2-(4-(1-Aminocyclobutyl)phenyl)-3-phenylimidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine-6-carboxamide", "C1CC(C1)(C2=CC=C(C=C2)C3=C(N4C(=N3)C=CC(=N4)C(=O)N)C5=CC=CC=C5)N", ["AKT 1/2 Inhibitor BAY1125976 is an orally bioavailable inhibitor of the serine/threonine protein kinase AKT (protein kinase B) isoforms 1 and 2 (AKT1/2) with potential antineoplastic activity. AKT1/2 inhibitor BAY1125976 selectively binds to and inhibits the phosphorylation and activity of AKT1/2 in a non-ATP competitive manner, which may result in the inhibition of the phosphatidylinositol 3 (PI3K)/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway. This may lead to both the reduction of cell proliferation and the induction of cell apoptosis in AKT-overexpressing tumor cells. The AKT signaling pathway is often deregulated in cancer and is associated with tumor cell proliferation, survival and migration."]], ["Navoximod", "C1CC(CCC1[C@@H](C[C@H]2C3=C(C=CC=C3F)C4=CN=CN24)O)O", ["Navoximod is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02048709 (Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO) Inhibitor in Advanced Solid Tumors).", "Navoximod is an orally available inhibitor of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1), with potential immunomodulating and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, navoximod targets and binds to IDO1, a cytosolic enzyme responsible for the oxidation of the essential amino acid tryptophan into kynurenine. By inhibiting IDO1 and decreasing kynurenine in tumor cells, this agent increases tryptophan levels, restores the proliferation and activation of various immune cells, including dendritic cells (DCs), natural killer (NK) cells, and T-lymphocytes, and causes a reduction in tumor-associated regulatory T-cells (Tregs). Activation of the immune system, which is suppressed in many cancers, may induce a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) response against the IDO1-expressing tumor cells. IDO1 is overexpressed by a variety of tumor cell types and plays an important role in immunosuppression. Tryptophan depletion is associated with immunosuppression caused by T-cell suppression."]], ["flortaucipir (18F)", "C1=CC2=C(C=C1C3=CN=C(C=C3)[18F])NC4=C2C=NC=C4", ["Flortaucipir F-18, also known as 18F-T807 and 18F-AV-1451, is a small indole molecule synthesized with a radioactive fluorine isotope. It is used as a marker in positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of patients suspected of having Alzheimer's disease. After crossing the blood-brain barrier, flortaucipir F-18 binds to aggregated tau protein, a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease whose incidence correlates well with disease progression.  Although flortaucipir F-18 displays low levels of background binding throughout the brain, it does display off-target binding to monoamine oxidase MAO-A and MAO-B, as well as to regions containing high levels of melanin, neuromelanin, and iron.. It was approved by the FDA on May 28, 2020, for sale by Avid Radiopharmaceuticals under the name TAUVID\u2122 and is the first FDA-approved molecule for imaging aggregated tau protein in the brain.", "Flortaucipir F-18 is a radioconjugate composed of the paired helical filament (PHF) tau binding agent flortaucipir, a benzimidazole pyrimidine derivative, conjugated to the radioisotope fluorine F 18, with potential tau positron emission tomography (PET) imaging activity. Upon administration,  flortaucipir F-18 targets and binds to PHF-tau in the brain, which allows PET imaging of PHF-tau and analysis of phosphorylated PHF-tau aggregates (neurofibrillary tangles). Increased levels of PHF-tau and neurofibrillary tangles are correlated with the cognitive decline seen in neurodegenerative diseases, such as dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD) and chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment (CICI)."]], ["Adb-fubinaca", "CC(C)(C)C(C(=O)N)NC(=O)C1=NN(C2=CC=CC=C21)CC3=CC=C(C=C3)F", ["Adb-fubinaca is a member of indazoles and an aromatic amide."]], ["Mesdopetam", "CCCNCCOC1=CC(=CC(=C1)S(=O)(=O)C)F", ["Mesdopetam is under investigation in clinical trial NCT04435431 (A Clinical Study of Mesdopetam in Patients With Parkinson's Disease Experiencing Levodopa Induced Dyskinesia)."]], ["[(1S,2S,3R,7R,9S,10S,12R,15R,16S)-4,12-diacetyloxy-9-hydroxy-15-[(2R,3S)-2-hydroxy-5-methyl-3-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxycarbonylamino]hexanoyl]oxy-10,14,20,20-tetramethyl-11,18-dioxo-6,17,19-trioxapentacyclo[11.6.1.01,16.03,10.04,7]icos-13-en-2-yl] benzoate", "CC1=C2[C@H](C(=O)[C@@]3([C@H](C[C@@H]4C([C@H]3[C@@H]([C@@]5(C2(C)C)[C@H]([C@@H]1OC(=O)[C@@H]([C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)OC(C)(C)C)O)OC(=O)O5)OC(=O)C6=CC=CC=C6)(CO4)OC(=O)C)O)C)OC(=O)C", ["Ortataxel is a semisynthetic, second-generation taxane derivative with potential antineoplastic activity. Ortataxel binds to and stabilizes tubulin molecules, thereby interfering with the dynamics of microtubule assembly/disassembly. This results in the inhibition of cell division and cellular proliferation. As it represents a poor substrate for P-glycoprotein (P-gp), multi-drug resistance protein (MRP-1) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) mediated efflux, ortataxel modulates multi-drug resistance mechanisms and may be useful for treating multi-drug resistant tumors that express Pgp, MRP-1 and BCRP."]], ["Eleclazine", "C1COC2=C(C=C(C=C2)C3=CC=C(C=C3)OC(F)(F)F)C(=O)N1CC4=NC=CC=N4", ["Eleclazine has been used in trials studying the treatment of LQT2 Syndrome, Long QT Syndrome, Ischemic Heart Disease, Ventricular Arrhythmia, and Long QT Syndrome Type 3, among others."]], ["Benzoic acid, 4-(1-(((6-((4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)methyl)-6-azaspiro(2.5)oct-5-yl)carbonyl)amino)cyclopropyl)-", "C1CC12CCN(C(C2)C(=O)NC3(CC3)C4=CC=C(C=C4)C(=O)O)CC5=CC=C(C=C5)C(F)(F)F", ["CR6086 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03163966 (A Study of the EP4 Antagonist CR6086 in Combination With Methotrexate, in Dmard-na\u00efve Patients With Early Rheumatoid Arthritis).", "EP4 Antagonist CR6086 is a small molecule, orally bioavailable antagonist of the prostaglandin E2 receptor subtype 4 (PTGER4; EP4), with potential immunomodulating and antineoplastic activities. Upon oral administration, EP4 antagonist CR6086 selectively targets and binds to EP4, thereby inhibiting the binding of the immunosuppressive prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) to EP4 and preventing the activation of EP4. This inhibits PGE2-EP4-mediated signaling and inhibits the proliferation of tumor cells in which the PGE2-EP4 signaling pathway is overactivated. In addition, EP4 inhibition prevents the activity of tumor-associated myeloid cells (TAMCs) in the tumor microenvironment (TME) by inhibiting interleukin-23 (IL-23) production and the IL-23-mediated expansion of T helper 17 (Th17) cells. EP4, a prostanoid receptor, is a G protein-coupled receptor that is expressed in certain types of cancers; it promotes tumor cell proliferation and invasion."]], ["(2R,3S,4R,5R,8R,10R,11R,12S,13S,14R)-11-{[(2S,3R,4S,6R)-4-(dimethylamino)-3-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy}-2-ethyl-3,4,10-trihydroxy-13-{[(2R,4R,5S,6S)-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-4,6-dimethyloxan-2-yl]oxy}-3,5,6,8,10,12,14-heptamethyl-1-oxa-6-azacyclopentadecan-15-one", "CCC1[C@@]([C@@H]([C@H](N(C[C@@H](C[C@@]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](C(=O)O1)C)O[C@H]2C[C@@]([C@H]([C@@H](O2)C)O)(C)OC)C)O[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@H](C[C@H](O3)C)N(C)C)O)(C)O)C)C)C)O)(C)O", ["A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic structurally related to ERYTHROMYCIN. It has been used in the treatment of Mycobacterium avium intracellulare infections, toxoplasmosis, and cryptosporidiosis."]], ["1-(((5S,7S)-3-(5-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)pyrazin-2-yl)-7-methyl-2-oxo-1-oxa-3-azaspiro[4.5]decan-7-yl)methyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-6-carbonitrile", "C[C@@]1(CCC[C@]2(C1)CN(C(=O)O2)C3=NC=C(N=C3)C(C)(C)O)CN4C=NC5=C4C=C(C=C5)C#N", ["GSK2798745 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03372603 (A Study to Assess the Effectiveness and Side Effects of GSK2798745 in Participants With Chronic Cough)."]], ["Cilofexor", "C1CC1C2=C(C(=NO2)C3=C(C=CC=C3Cl)Cl)COC4=CC(=C(C=C4)C5(CN(C5)C6=NC=CC(=C6)C(=O)O)O)Cl", ["Cilofexor is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02943447 (Safety, Tolerability, and Efficacy of Cilofexor in Adults With Primary Biliary Cholangitis Without Cirrhosis)."]], ["Evocalcet", "C[C@H](C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21)N[C@H]3CCN(C3)C4=CC=C(C=C4)CC(=O)O", ["Evocalcet has been used in trials studying the treatment of Hyperparathyroidism and Secondary Hyperparathyroidism.", "Evocalcet is an orally available calcium receptor (CaR) modulator, with potential calcimimetic activity. Upon administration, evocalcet allosterically binds to and inhibits the activity of CaR, thereby suppressing the production of serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) and prevents the PTH-mediated efflux of calcium from bone and normalizes calcium levels."]], ["Ziresovir", "CC1=CC2=C(C=C1)N=C(N=C2NCC3(COC3)N)N4CCS(=O)(=O)C5=CC=CC=C5C4", ["Ziresovir is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03699202 (Anti-RSV Study in Chinese Patients (ASCENT))."]], ["Luvadaxistat", "C1=CC(=CC=C1CCC2=CC(=O)C(=O)NN2)C(F)(F)F", ["TAK-831 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03214588 (Efficacy, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of Multiple Doses of Oral TAK-831 in Adults With Friedreich Ataxia)."]], ["acetic acid;(10S,12R)-N-[(3S,6S,9S,11R,15S,18S,20R,21S,24S,25S)-21-(2-aminoethylamino)-3-[(1R)-3-amino-1-hydroxypropyl]-6-[(1S,2S)-1,2-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-11,20,25-trihydroxy-15-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-2,5,8,14,17,23-hexaoxo-1,4,7,13,16,22-hexazatricyclo[22.3.0.09,13]heptacosan-18-yl]-10,12-dimethyltetradecanamide", "CC[C@@H](C)C[C@@H](C)CCCCCCCCC(=O)N[C@H]1C[C@H]([C@H](NC(=O)[C@@H]2[C@H](CCN2C(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H]3C[C@H](CN3C(=O)[C@@H](NC1=O)[C@@H](C)O)O)[C@@H]([C@H](C4=CC=C(C=C4)O)O)O)[C@@H](CCN)O)O)NCCN)O.CC(=O)O.CC(=O)O", ["Caspofungin Acetate is the acetate salt of an antimycotic echinocandin lipopeptide, semisynthetically derived from a fermentation product of the fungus Glarea lozoyensis. Caspofungin inhibits 1,3-beta-glucan synthase, resulting in decreased synthesis of beta(1,3)-D-glucan (an essential component of the fungal cell wall), weakening of the fungal cell wall, and fungal cell wall rupture. This agent is active against Aspergillus and Candida species.", "A cyclic lipopeptide echinocandin and beta-(1,3)-D-glucan synthase inhibitor that is used to treat internal or systemic MYCOSES."]], ["methyl (1R,10S,12R)-11-acetyloxy-12-ethyl-4-[(12S)-16-ethyl-12-methoxycarbonyl-1,10-diazatetracyclo[12.3.1.03,11.04,9]octadeca-3(11),4,6,8,15-pentaen-12-yl]-10-hydroxy-5-methoxy-8-methyl-8,16-diazapentacyclo[10.6.1.01,9.02,7.016,19]nonadeca-2,4,6,13-tetraene-10-carboxylate", "CCC1=CC2C[C@@](C3=C(CN(C2)C1)C4=CC=CC=C4N3)(C5=C(C=C6C(=C5)[C@]78CCN9C7[C@@](C=CC9)(C([C@@](C8N6C)(C(=O)OC)O)OC(=O)C)CC)OC)C(=O)OC", ["Vinorelbine is a semisynthetic vinca alkaloid. Vinorelbine binds to tubulin and prevents formation of the mitotic spindle, resulting in the arrest of tumor cell growth in metaphase. This agent may also interfere with amino acid, cyclic AMP. and glutathione metabolism; calmodulin-dependent Ca++ -transport ATPase activity; cellular respiration; and nucleic acid and lipid biosynthesis.", "A vinca alkaloid related to VINBLASTINE that is used as a first-line treatment for NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER, or for advanced or metastatic BREAST CANCER refractory to treatment with ANTHRACYCLINES."]], ["Leurocristine;NSC-67574;22-Oxovincaleukoblastine", "CC[C@@]1(CC2C[C@@](C3=C(CCN(C2)C1)C4=CC=CC=C4N3)(C5=C(C=C6C(=C5)[C@]78CCN9C7[C@@](C=CC9)(C([C@@](C8N6C=O)(C(=O)OC)O)OC(=O)C)CC)OC)C(=O)OC)O", ["Vincristine appears as a white crystalline solid. Melting point 218 \u00b0C. Used as an antineoplastic.", "Vincristine is a natural alkaloid isolated from the plant Vinca rosea Linn. Vincristine binds irreversibly to microtubules and spindle proteins in S phase of the cell cycle and interferes with the formation of the mitotic spindle, thereby arresting tumor cells in metaphase. This agent also depolymerizes microtubules and may also interfere with amino acid, cyclic AMP, and glutathione metabolism; calmodulin-dependent Ca++ -transport ATPase activity; cellular respiration; and nucleic acid and lipid biosynthesis. (NCI04)", "An antitumor alkaloid isolated from VINCA ROSEA. (Merck, 11th ed.)"]], ["Erezingen", "CCC(CO)NC(=O)C1CN(C2CC3=CNC4=CC=CC(=C34)C2=C1)C.C(=CC(=O)O)C(=O)O", ["A homolog of ERGONOVINE containing one more CH2 group. (Merck Index, 11th ed)"]], ["Sodium artesunate", "C[C@@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]([C@@H](O[C@H]3[C@@]24[C@H]1CCC(O3)(OO4)C)OC(=O)CCC(=O)[O-])C.[Na+]", ["A water-soluble, semi-synthetic derivative of the sesquiterpene lactone artemisinin with anti-malarial, anti-schistosomiasis, antiviral, and potential anti-neoplastic activities"]], ["Gadoterate", "C1CN(CCN(CCN(CCN1CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-].[Gd+3]", ["Gadoterate is a tetracarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of gadoteric acid. It is a conjugate base of a gadoteric acid."]], ["[19-[2-[[2-[2-[3-[2-[2-[[2-[[10,19-Diethyl-14,18-dioxo-7-(4-piperidin-1-ylpiperidine-1-carbonyl)oxy-17-oxa-3,13-diazapentacyclo[11.8.0.02,11.04,9.015,20]henicosa-1(21),2,4(9),5,7,10,15(20)-heptaen-19-yl]oxy]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-2-oxoethoxy]ethoxy]-2,2-bis[2-[2-[[2-[[10,19-diethyl-14,18-dioxo-7-(4-piperidin-1-ylpiperidine-1-carbonyl)oxy-17-oxa-3,13-diazapentacyclo[11.8.0.02,11.04,9.015,20]henicosa-1(21),2,4(9),5,7,10,15(20)-heptaen-19-yl]oxy]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-2-oxoethoxy]ethoxymethyl]propoxy]ethoxy]acetyl]amino]acetyl]oxy-10,19-diethyl-14,18-dioxo-17-oxa-3,13-diazapentacyclo[11.8.0.02,11.04,9.015,20]henicosa-1(21),2,4(9),5,7,10,15(20)-heptaen-7-yl] 4-piperidin-1-ylpiperidine-1-carboxylate", "CCC1=C2CN3C(=CC4=C(C3=O)COC(=O)C4(CC)OC(=O)CNC(=O)COCCOCC(COCCOCC(=O)NCC(=O)OC5(C6=C(COC5=O)C(=O)N7CC8=C(C9=C(C=CC(=C9)OC(=O)N3CCC(CC3)N3CCCCC3)N=C8C7=C6)CC)CC)(COCCOCC(=O)NCC(=O)OC3(C4=C(COC3=O)C(=O)N3CC5=C(C6=C(C=CC(=C6)OC(=O)N6CCC(CC6)N6CCCCC6)N=C5C3=C4)CC)CC)COCCOCC(=O)NCC(=O)OC3(C4=C(COC3=O)C(=O)N3CC5=C(C6=C(C=CC(=C6)OC(=O)N6CCC(CC6)N6CCCCC6)N=C5C3=C4)CC)CC)C2=NC2=C1C=C(C=C2)OC(=O)N1CCC(CC1)N1CCCCC1", ["Etirinotecan pegol is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01663012 (Phase II NKTR-102 In Bevacizumab-Resistant High Grade Glioma).", "Etirinotecan Pegol is an extended-release (ER) formulation composed of irinotecan, which is a semisynthetic derivative of camptothecin and a topoisomerase I-inhibitor prodrug, that is conjugated, via a proprietary biodegradable ester-based linker, to polyethylene glycol (PEG), with antineoplastic activity. Upon administration of etirinotecan pegol (EP), the agent penetrates into the leaky tumor vasculature and accumulates in the tumor. The linker slowly hydrolyzes and releases irinotecan, which leads to sustained exposure of the tumor to irinotecan. In turn, irinotecan is converted to the biologically active metabolite 7-ethyl-10-hydroxy-camptothecin (SN38) by a carboxylesterase. SN38 inhibits topoisomerase I activity by stabilizing the cleavable complex of topoisomerase I and DNA; this results in DNA breaks that inhibit DNA replication and trigger apoptosis. Pegylation provides improved systemic exposure, increases drug penetration into tumors and decreases drug clearance, thereby increasing the duration of therapeutic effects while lowering the toxicity profile."]], ["[19-[2-[[2-[2-[3-[2-[2-[[2-[[10,19-Diethyl-14,18-dioxo-7-(4-piperidin-1-ylpiperidine-1-carbonyl)oxy-17-oxa-3,13-diazapentacyclo[11.8.0.02,11.04,9.015,20]henicosa-1(21),2,4(9),5,7,10,15(20)-heptaen-19-yl]oxy]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-2-oxoethoxy]ethoxy]-2,2-bis[2-[2-[[2-[[10,19-diethyl-14,18-dioxo-7-(4-piperidin-1-ylpiperidine-1-carbonyl)oxy-17-oxa-3,13-diazapentacyclo[11.8.0.02,11.04,9.015,20]henicosa-1(21),2,4(9),5,7,10,15(20)-heptaen-19-yl]oxy]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-2-oxoethoxy]ethoxymethyl]propoxy]ethoxy]acetyl]amino]acetyl]oxy-10,19-diethyl-14,18-dioxo-17-oxa-3,13-diazapentacyclo[11.8.0.02,11.04,9.015,20]henicosa-1(21),2,4(9),5,7,10,15(20)-heptaen-7-yl] 4-piperidin-1-ylpiperidine-1-carboxylate;tetrahydrochloride", "CCC1=C2CN3C(=CC4=C(C3=O)COC(=O)C4(CC)OC(=O)CNC(=O)COCCOCC(COCCOCC(=O)NCC(=O)OC5(C6=C(COC5=O)C(=O)N7CC8=C(C9=C(C=CC(=C9)OC(=O)N3CCC(CC3)N3CCCCC3)N=C8C7=C6)CC)CC)(COCCOCC(=O)NCC(=O)OC3(C4=C(COC3=O)C(=O)N3CC5=C(C6=C(C=CC(=C6)OC(=O)N6CCC(CC6)N6CCCCC6)N=C5C3=C4)CC)CC)COCCOCC(=O)NCC(=O)OC3(C4=C(COC3=O)C(=O)N3CC5=C(C6=C(C=CC(=C6)OC(=O)N6CCC(CC6)N6CCCCC6)N=C5C3=C4)CC)CC)C2=NC2=C1C=C(C=C2)OC(=O)N1CCC(CC1)N1CCCCC1.Cl.Cl.Cl.Cl", ["Etirinotecan pegol is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01663012 (Phase II NKTR-102 In Bevacizumab-Resistant High Grade Glioma).", "Etirinotecan Pegol is an extended-release (ER) formulation composed of irinotecan, which is a semisynthetic derivative of camptothecin and a topoisomerase I-inhibitor prodrug, that is conjugated, via a proprietary biodegradable ester-based linker, to polyethylene glycol (PEG), with antineoplastic activity. Upon administration of etirinotecan pegol (EP), the agent penetrates into the leaky tumor vasculature and accumulates in the tumor. The linker slowly hydrolyzes and releases irinotecan, which leads to sustained exposure of the tumor to irinotecan. In turn, irinotecan is converted to the biologically active metabolite 7-ethyl-10-hydroxy-camptothecin (SN38) by a carboxylesterase. SN38 inhibits topoisomerase I activity by stabilizing the cleavable complex of topoisomerase I and DNA; this results in DNA breaks that inhibit DNA replication and trigger apoptosis. Pegylation provides improved systemic exposure, increases drug penetration into tumors and decreases drug clearance, thereby increasing the duration of therapeutic effects while lowering the toxicity profile."]], ["(2S)-2-[[(2R)-3-[(2S)-1-[(3R,4S,5S)-4-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[6-(2,5-dioxopyrrol-1-yl)hexanoyl-methylamino]-3-methylbutanoyl]amino]-3-methylbutanoyl]-methylamino]-3-methoxy-5-methylheptanoyl]pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3-methoxy-2-methylpropanoyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoic acid", "CC[C@H](C)[C@@H]([C@@H](CC(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C([C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC2=CC=CC=C2)C(=O)O)OC)OC)N(C)C(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)N(C)C(=O)CCCCCN3C(=O)C=CC3=O", ["Depatuxizumab/Denintuzumab mafodotin has been used in trials studying the treatment of Lymphoma, Gliosarcoma, Glioblastoma, Malignant Glioma, Squamous Cell Tumors, and Glioblastoma Multiforme."]], ["Palifosfamide tromethamine", "C(CCl)NP(=O)(NCCCl)O.C(C(CO)(CO)N)O", ["Palifosfamide Tromethamine is a synthetic mustard compound of the tromethamine (tris) salt of palifosfamide (Isophosphamide mustard), with potential antineoplastic activity. As the stabilized active metabolite of ifosfamide, palifosfamide irreversibly alkylates and crosslinks DNA through GC base pairs, resulting in irreparable 7-atom interstrand crosslinks. This leads to an inhibition of DNA replication and ultimately cell death. Unlike ifosfamide, this agent is not metabolized to acrolein or chloroacetaldehyde, metabolites associated with bladder and CNS toxicities. In addition, because palifosfamide does not require activation by aldehyde dehydrogenase, it may overcome the tumor resistance seen with ifosfamide. Stabilization with tris instead of lysine further increases stability and may further decrease nephrotoxicity."]], ["Orm-12741", "C[C@@]1(CCCN2[C@@H]1C3=C(CC2)C4=CC=CC=C4O3)COC", ["ORM-12741 has been used in trials studying the basic science and treatment of Alzheimer's Disease."]], ["MeCbl", "[CH3-].CC1=CC2=C(C=C1C)N(C=N2)[C@@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O3)CO)OP(=O)([O-])O[C@H](C)CNC(=O)CC[C@@]\\4([C@H]([C@@H]5[C@]6([C@@]([C@@H](C(=N6)/C(=C\\7/[C@@]([C@@H](C(=N7)/C=C\\8/C([C@@H](C(=N8)/C(=C4\\[N-]5)/C)CCC(=O)N)(C)C)CCC(=O)N)(C)CC(=O)N)/C)CCC(=O)N)(C)CC(=O)N)C)CC(=O)N)C)O.[Co]", ["Methylcobalamin is a R-cob(III)alamin and a member of cobalamins. It has a role as a mouse metabolite, a cofactor and a human metabolite.", "Mecobalamin is a synthetic and active form of vitamin B12 that can cross the blood brain barrier without biotransformation, that may be used to treat or prevent vitamin B12 deficiency and its complications. Upon administration, mecobalamin is able to replace endogenous vitamin B12, increase vitamin B12 levels and improve vitamin B12 deficiency. Vitamin B12 is necessary for hematopoiesis, neural metabolism, DNA and RNA production, and carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism. It improves iron functions in the metabolic cycle and assists folic acid in choline synthesis. Its metabolism is interconnected with that of folic acid."]], ["Disodium;(3-amino-1-hydroxy-1-phosphonatopropyl)phosphonic acid;pentahydrate", "C(CN)C(O)(P(=O)(O)O)P(=O)([O-])[O-].O.O.O.O.O.[Na+].[Na+]", ["Pamidronate Disodium is the disodium salt of the synthetic bisphosphonate pamidronate. Although its mechanism of action is not completely understood, pamidronate appears to adsorb to calcium phosphate crystals in bone, blocking their dissolution by inhibiting osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. This agent does not inhibit bone mineralization and formation.", "An aminobisphosphonate that inhibits BONE RESORPTION and is used for the treatment of osteolytic lesions, bone pain, and severe HYPERCALCEMIA associated with malignancies."]], ["2-amino-4,6-dimethyl-3-oxo-9-N-[(3R,6S,7R,10R,16S)-7,11,14-trimethyl-2,5,9,12,15-pentaoxo-3,10-di(propan-2-yl)-8-oxa-1,4,11,14-tetrazabicyclo[14.3.0]nonadecan-6-yl]-1-N-[(3R,6S,7R,10S,16S)-7,11,14-trimethyl-2,5,9,12,15-pentaoxo-3,10-di(propan-2-yl)-8-oxa-1,4,11,14-tetrazabicyclo[14.3.0]nonadecan-6-yl]phenoxazine-1,9-dicarboxamide", "C[C@@H]1[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](C(=O)N2CCC[C@H]2C(=O)N(CC(=O)N([C@@H](C(=O)O1)C(C)C)C)C)C(C)C)NC(=O)C3=C4C(=C(C=C3)C)OC5=C(C(=O)C(=C(C5=N4)C(=O)N[C@H]6[C@H](OC(=O)[C@@H](N(C(=O)CN(C(=O)[C@@H]7CCCN7C(=O)[C@H](NC6=O)C(C)C)C)C)C(C)C)C)N)C", ["Actinomycin d appears as bright red rhomboid prisms or red powder. (NTP, 1992)", "A compound composed of a two CYCLIC PEPTIDES attached to a phenoxazine that is derived from STREPTOMYCES parvullus. It binds to DNA and inhibits RNA synthesis (transcription), with chain elongation more sensitive than initiation, termination, or release. As a result of impaired mRNA production, protein synthesis also declines after dactinomycin therapy. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p2015)"]], ["(6R,7R)-7-((Z)-2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetamido)-3-((furan-2-carbonylthio)methyl)-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid hydrochloride", "CON=C(C1=CSC(=N1)N)C(=O)N[C@H]2[C@@H]3N(C2=O)C(=C(CS3)CSC(=O)C4=CC=CO4)C(=O)O.Cl", ["Ceftiofur Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of ceftiofur, a semisynthetic, beta-lactamase-stable, broad-spectrum, third-generation cephalosporin with antibacterial activity. Ceftiofur binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall. PBPs are enzymes involved in the terminal stages of assembling the bacterial cell wall and in reshaping the cell wall during growth and division. Inactivation of PBPs interferes with the cross-linkage of peptidoglycan chains necessary for bacterial cell wall strength and rigidity. This results in the weakening of the bacterial cell wall and causes cell lysis."]], ["N-[(3S,6S,15S,16R,19S,22S,25R)-25-[[(3S)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl]sulfanylmethyl]-3-[[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]methyl]-12-ethyl-4,16-dimethyl-2,5,11,14,18,21,24-heptaoxo-19-phenyl-17-oxa-1,4,10,13,20-pentazatricyclo[20.4.0.06,10]hexacosan-15-yl]-3-hydroxypyridine-2-carboxamide", "CCC1C(=O)N2CCC[C@H]2C(=O)N([C@H](C(=O)N3C[C@H](C(=O)C[C@H]3C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)O[C@@H]([C@@H](C(=O)N1)NC(=O)C4=C(C=CC=N4)O)C)C5=CC=CC=C5)CS[C@@H]6CN7CCC6CC7)CC8=CC=C(C=C8)N(C)C)C", ["Quinupristin is a semi-synthetic derivative of pristinamycin, a natural occurring type B streptogramin. Quinupristin binds to the bacterial 50S ribosomal subunit, thereby inhibiting peptide chain elongation, and causing early termination of normal bacterial protein synthesis. Quinupristin is primarily effective against gram-positive cocci."]], ["(1R,3S,5R,7R,8Z,12R,14Z,16Z,18Z,20Z,22R,24S,25R,26S)-22-[(2R,3S,4S,5S,6R)-4-amino-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-1,3,26-trihydroxy-12-methyl-10-oxo-6,11,28-trioxatricyclo[22.3.1.05,7]octacosa-8,14,16,18,20-pentaene-25-carboxylic acid", "C[C@@H]1C/C=C\\C=C/C=C\\C=C/[C@@H](C[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H](C[C@](O2)(C[C@H](C[C@@H]3[C@H](O3)/C=C\\C(=O)O1)O)O)O)C(=O)O)O[C@H]4[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O4)C)O)N)O", ["Natamycin is a polyene amphoteric macrolide antibiotic with antifungal properties. Natamycin exerts its antifungal effects by binding to sterols in the fungal cell membrane thereby increasing membrane permeability. This leads to a leakage and loss of essential cellular constituents. Following ocular application, natamycin is retained in the conjunctival fornices and attains effective concentrations within the corneal stroma where it exerts its effect.", "Amphoteric macrolide antifungal antibiotic from Streptomyces natalensis or S. chattanoogensis. It is used for a variety of fungal infections, mainly topically."]], ["Iron (II) d-gluconate dihydrate", "C([C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](C(=O)O)O)O)O)O)O.C([C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](C(=O)O)O)O)O)O)O.O.O.[Fe]", ["Ferrous Gluconate is a form of mineral iron for oral administration, Ferrous Gluconate is absorbed in the stomach and small intestine and combines with apoferritin to form ferritin, which is stored in the liver, spleen, red bone marrow, and intestinal mucosa. Important in transport of oxygen by hemoglobin to the tissues, iron is also found in myoglobin, transferrin, and ferritin, and is as a component of many enzymes such as catalase, peroxidase, and cytochromes. (NCI04)"]], ["(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-2-[(2R,3R,4R,5S)-3,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]oxy-4-[(2S,3R,5S,6R)-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,5-diol", "C1[C@@H]([C@H](O[C@H]([C@@H]1O)O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H](O[C@H]([C@@H]2O)O[C@@H]3[C@H](CO[C@@H]([C@H]3O)CO)O)CO)O)CO)O", ["beta Glucan is a natural product found in Avena sativa with data available."]], ["Amisulpride N-Oxide", "CC[N+]1(CCCC1CNC(=O)C2=CC(=C(C=C2OC)N)S(=O)(=O)CC)[O-]", ["Amisulpride N-oxide is a member of benzamides."]], ["1H-Indole-1-carboxamide, 6-fluoro-2,3-dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-2-oxo-N-((1-((tetrahydro-4-hydroxy-2H-pyran-4-yl)methyl)-4-piperidinyl)methyl)-", "CC1(C2=C(C=C(C=C2)F)N(C1=O)C(=O)NCC3CCN(CC3)CC4(CCOCC4)O)C", ["Pf 03382792 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01045863 (To Evaluate Safety, Tolerability, Plasma Drug Levels And Other Biological Effects In Healthy Volunteers)."]], ["2-[(Z)-[2-[[(6R,7R)-3-[[3-amino-4-(2-aminoethylcarbamoylamino)-2-methylpyrazol-1-ium-1-yl]methyl]-2-carboxy-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-en-7-yl]amino]-1-(5-amino-1,2,4-thiadiazol-3-yl)-2-oxoethylidene]amino]oxy-2-methylpropanoate", "CC(C)(C(=O)[O-])O/N=C(/C1=NSC(=N1)N)\\C(=O)N[C@H]2[C@@H]3N(C2=O)C(=C(CS3)C[N+]4=CC(=C(N4C)N)NC(=O)NCCN)C(=O)O", ["Ceftolozane is a semi-synthetic, broad-spectrum, fifth-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with bactericidal activity against certain Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Upon administration, ceftolozane binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall. This interferes with the final transpeptidation step required to form peptidoglycan chain cross-links, which are a key component of and provide strength and rigidity to the bacterial cell wall. This inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis and reduces cell wall stability, which weakens the bacterial cell wall and causes bacterial cell lysis."]], ["Lysine tyrosylquinone", "C1=C(C(=CC(=O)C1=O)NCCCC[C@@H](C(=O)O)N)C[C@@H](C(=O)O)N", ["5'-(N(6)-L-lysine)-L-tyrosylquinone is an L-lysine derivative in which one of the amino hydrogens at N(6)-amino is substituted by a 6-[(2S)-2-amino-2-carboxyethyl]-3,4-dioxocyclohexa-1,5-dien-1-yl group. It is a L-lysine derivative, a L-tyrosine derivative, a non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid and a member of 1,2-benzoquinones."]], ["[2,2',2'',2'''-(1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetrayl-kappa(4)N(1),N(4),N(7),N(10))tetraacetato(3-)]gadolinium", "C1CN(CCN(CCN(CCN1CC(=O)O)CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-].[Gd+3]", ["Gadoteric acid is a gadolinium coordination entity consisting of DOTA in which the four amino groups are bound to a central gadolinium atom. It is used (as its meglumine salt) in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in brain (intracranial), spine and associated tissues of patients ages 2 years and older, to detect and visualise areas with disruption of the blood brain barrier and/or abnormal vascularity of the central nervous system. It has a role as a MRI contrast agent. It is a conjugate acid of a gadoterate."]], ["Edotreotide lutetium Lu-177", "C[C@H]([C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](CSSC[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N1)CCCCN)CC2=CNC3=CC=CC=C32)CC4=CC=C(C=C4)O)NC(=O)[C@@H](CC5=CC=CC=C5)NC(=O)CN6CCN(CCN(CCN(CC6)CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])C(=O)N[C@H](CO)[C@@H](C)O)O.[177Lu+3]", ["Lutetium Lu 177-Edotreotide is a radioconjugate consisting of the somatostatin analogue edotreotide labeled with lutetium Lu 177 with potential antineoplastic activities. Lutetium Lu 177-edotreotide binds to somatostatin receptors (SSTRs), with high affinity to type 2 SSTR, present on the cell membranes of many types of neuroendocrine tumor cells. Upon binding and internalization, this radioconjugate specifically delivers a cytotoxic dose of beta radiation to SSTR-positive cells. Edotreotide is produced by substituting tyrosine for phenylalanine at the 3 position of the somatostatin analogue octreotide (Tyr3-octreotide or TOC) and chelated by the bifunctional, macrocyclic chelating agent dodecanetetraacetic acid (DOTA)."]], ["Bisthianostat", "C1CC1C2=C(N=C(S2)C3=NC=CS3)C(=O)NCCCCC(=O)NO", ["Bisthianostat is an orally bioavailable pan-inhibitor of human histone deacetylase (HDAC), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, bisthianostat selectively binds to and inhibits HDACs, which inhibits deacetylation of histone proteins and leads to the accumulation of highly acetylated histones. This may result in an induction of chromatin remodeling, the inhibition of tumor oncogene transcription, and the selective transcription of tumor suppressor genes. This prevents cell division, induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. This may inhibit the proliferation of susceptible tumor cells. HDACs, upregulated in many tumor cell types, are a family of enzymes that deacetylate histone proteins."]], ["Deutivacaftor", "[2H]C([2H])([2H])C(C1=C(C=C(C(=C1)C(C)(C)C)NC(=O)C2=CNC3=CC=CC=C3C2=O)O)(C([2H])([2H])[2H])C([2H])([2H])[2H]", ["Deutivacaftor is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03227471 (A Study of VX-445 in Healthy Subjects and Subjects With Cystic Fibrosis)."]], ["Odalasvir", "CC(C)[C@@H](C(=O)N1[C@H]2CCCC[C@H]2C[C@H]1C3=NC4=C(N3)C=C(C=C4)C5=C6CCC7=CC(=C(CCC(=C5)C=C6)C=C7)C8=CC9=C(C=C8)N=C(N9)[C@@H]1C[C@@H]2CCCC[C@@H]2N1C(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)OC)NC(=O)OC", ["Odalasvir has been used in trials studying the treatment of Hepatitis C, Chronic and Chronic Hepatitis C Infection."]], ["Benzamide, 4-methyl-N-(4-((4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)methyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-3-(2-(1,2,4-triazolo(4,3-a)pyridin-3-yl)ethynyl)-", "CC1=C(C=C(C=C1)C(=O)NC2=CC(=C(C=C2)CN3CCN(CC3)C)C(F)(F)F)C#CC4=NN=C5N4C=CC=C5", ["Vamotinib (PF-114) is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02885766 (Study to Evaluate Tolerability, Safety, Pharmacokinetics and Preliminary Efficacy of PF-114 for Oral Administration in Adults With Ph+ Chronic Myeloid Leukemia, Which is Resistant to the 2-nd Generation Bcr-Abl Inhibitors or Has T315I Mutation in the BCR-ABL Gene).", "Bcr-Abl Kinase Inhibitor PF-114 is an orally bioavailable, Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitor, with potential antineoplastic activity. Designed to overcome resistance of tumor cells to second generation Bcr-Abl inhibitors, PF-114 targets and binds to the Bcr-Abl fusion oncoprotein, including those fusion proteins with the 'gatekeeper' resistance mutation T315I, an amino acid substitution at position 315 in Bcr-Abl from a threonine (T) to an isoleucine (I). This inhibits Bcr-Abl-mediated proliferation of, and enhances apoptosis in, Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph+) hematologic malignancies. The Bcr-Abl fusion protein is an aberrantly activated tyrosine kinase produced by leukemia cells that contain the Philadelphia chromosome."]], ["Evobrutinib", "C=CC(=O)N1CCC(CC1)CNC2=NC=NC(=C2C3=CC=C(C=C3)OC4=CC=CC=C4)N", ["Evobrutinib is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03934502 (Effect of Meal Composition and Timing on Evobrutinib Bioavailability).", "Evobrutinib is an inhibitor of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, evobrutinib inhibits the activity of BTK and prevents the activation of the B-cell antigen receptor (BCR) signaling pathway. This prevents both B-cell activation and BTK-mediated activation of downstream survival pathways, which leads to the inhibition of the growth of malignant B-cells that overexpress BTK. BTK, a member of the Src-related BTK/Tec family of cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases, is overexpressed in B-cell malignancies; it plays an important role in B-lymphocyte development, activation, signaling, proliferation and survival."]], ["Methylsamidorphan", "C[N@@+]1(CC[C@]23CC(=O)CC[C@]2([C@H]1CC4=C3C(=C(C=C4)C(=O)N)O)O)CC5CC5", ["Methylsamidorphan is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01418092 (ALK37-007: Evaluation of Safety and Efficacy of ALKS 37 (RDC-1036) in Adults With Opioid-induced Constipation (OIC))."]], ["Fermagate", "C(=O)([O-])[O-].O.O.O.O.[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Fe+3].[Fe+3]", ["Fermagate is a calcium-free, iron and magnesium hydroxy carbonate and inorganic phosphate binder with phosphate lowering activity. Fermagate is made up of magnesium and ferric iron atoms held in an insoluble, rigid, crystalline-layered structure, with carbonate groups lying between the layers. Upon oral administration, the carbonate ions in fermagate are exchanged for free phosphate ions released from food in the gastrointestinal tract; thereby, strongly binding phosphate. This inhibits phosphate uptake, lowers phosphate plasma levels and preventing hyperphosphatemia."]], ["Cobimetinib Fumarate", "C1CCN[C@@H](C1)C2(CN(C2)C(=O)C3=C(C(=C(C=C3)F)F)NC4=C(C=C(C=C4)I)F)O.C1CCN[C@@H](C1)C2(CN(C2)C(=O)C3=C(C(=C(C=C3)F)F)NC4=C(C=C(C=C4)I)F)O.C(=C/C(=O)O)\\C(=O)O", ["Cobimetinib fumarate is a fumarate salt prepared from cobimetinib by reaction of one molecule of fumaric acid for every two molecules of cobimetinib. An inhibitor of mitogen-activated protein kinase that is used in combination with vemurafenib for the treatment of patients with unresectable or metastatic melanoma. It has a role as an EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor and an antineoplastic agent. It is a fumarate salt and an organoammonium salt. It contains a cobimetinib(1+)."]], ["Verdinexor", "C1=CC=NC(=C1)NNC(=O)/C=C\\N2C=NC(=N2)C3=CC(=CC(=C3)C(F)(F)F)C(F)(F)F", ["Kpt 335 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02431364 (Trial of Safety and Tolerability of Oral Verdinexor (Verdinexor) in Healthy Adults)."]], ["Roniciclib (Synonyms: BAY 1000394)", "C[C@H]([C@@H](C)OC1=NC(=NC=C1C(F)(F)F)NC2=CC=C(C=C2)[S@](=N)(=O)C3CC3)O", ["Roniciclib has been investigated for the treatment of Small Cell Lung Carcinoma.", "Roniciclib is an orally bioavailable cyclin dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor with potential antineoplastic activity. Roniciclib selectively binds to and inhibits the activity of CDK1/Cyclin B, CDK2/Cyclin E, CDK4/Cyclin D1, and CDK9/Cyclin T1, serine/threonine kinases that play key roles in the regulation of the cell cycle progression and cellular proliferation. Inhibition of these kinases leads to cell cycle arrest during the G1/S transition, thereby leading to an induction of apoptosis, and inhibition of tumor cell proliferation. CDKs are often dysregulated in cancerous cells."]], ["Osimertinib", "CN1C=C(C2=CC=CC=C21)C3=NC(=NC=C3)NC4=C(C=C(C(=C4)NC(=O)C=C)N(C)CCN(C)C)OC", ["Osimertinib is a member of the class of aminopyrimidines that is 4-(1-methylindol-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-amine in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2-methoxy-4-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl](methyl)amino-5-acrylamidophenyl group. Used (as the mesylate salt) for treatment of EGFR T790M mutation positive non-small cell lung cancer. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent and an epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist. It is a member of indoles, an aminopyrimidine, a biaryl, a secondary amino compound, a tertiary amino compound, a monomethoxybenzene, a member of acrylamides, a substituted aniline and a secondary carboxamide. It is a conjugate base of an osimertinib(1+).", "Osimertinib is an oral, third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) drug developed by AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals. Its use is indicated for the treatment of metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in cases where tumour EGFR expression is positive for the T790M mutation as detected by FDA-approved testing and which has progressed following therapy with a first-generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Approximately 10% of patients with NSCLC have a rapid and clinically effective response to EGFR-TKIs due to the presence of specific activating EGFR mutations within the tumour cells. More specifically, deletions around the LREA motif in exon 19 and exon 21 L858R point mutations are correlated with response to therapy.  Development of third-generation EGFR-TKIs, such as osimertinib, has been in response to altered tumour resistance patterns following treatment and toxic side effects that impact patient quality of life. Treatment with first-generation EGFR-TKIs (gefitinib and erlotinib) has been associated with the development of resistance through activating mutations in the EGFR gene. Second-generation EGFR-TKIs (afatinib and dacomitinib) were then developed to be more potent inhibitors, although their use is associated with increased toxicity through nonspecific targeting of wild-type EGFR. In contrast, third-generation inhibitors are specific for the gate-keeper T790M mutations which increases ATP binding activity to EGFR and result in poor prognosis for late-stage disease. Furthermore, osimertinib has been shown to spare wild-type EGFR during therapy, thereby reducing non-specific binding and limiting toxicity.", "Osimertinib is a Kinase Inhibitor. The mechanism of action of osimertinib is as a Kinase Inhibitor, and Cytochrome P450 3A Inhibitor, and Cytochrome P450 3A4 Inducer, and Cytochrome P450 1A2 Inducer, and Breast Cancer Resistance Protein Inhibitor.", "Osimertinib is a small molecule tyrosine kinase receptor inhibitor and antineoplastic agent that is used in the therapy of selected forms of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Osimertinib is associated with a moderate rate of serum aminotransferase elevations during therapy and rare instances of clinically apparent acute liver injury.", "Osimertinib is a third-generation, orally available, irreversible, mutant-selective, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, osimertinib covalently binds to and inhibits the activity of numerous mutant forms of EGFR, including the secondarily-acquired resistance mutation T790M, L858R, and exon 19 deletions, thereby preventing EGFR-mediated signaling. This may both induce cell death and inhibit tumor growth in EGFR-overexpressing tumor cells. EGFR, a receptor tyrosine kinase mutated in many tumor cell types, plays a key role in tumor cell proliferation and tumor vascularization. As this agent is selective towards mutant forms of EGFR, its toxicity profile may be reduced when compared to non-selective EGFR inhibitors which also inhibit wild-type EGFR."]], ["Vlx1570", "C=CC(=O)N1CC/C(=C\\C2=CC(=C(C=C2)F)[N+](=O)[O-])/C(=O)/C(=C/C3=CC(=C(C=C3)F)[N+](=O)[O-])/C1", ["VLX1570 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02372240 (A Study of VLX1570 and Dexamethasone in Myeloma Patients).", "USP14/UCHL5 Inhibitor VLX1570 is an inhibitor of the 19S proteasome-specific deubiquitylating enzymes (DUBs) USP14 and UCHL5, with apoptosis-inducing and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, VLX1570 specifically binds to both USP14 and UCHL5, thereby blocking their deubiquitylating activity. This blocks the ubiquitin proteasome degradation pathway, prevents the degradation of defective proteins, and leads to an accumulation of poly-ubiquitylated proteins. This induces the unfolded protein response (UPR) and results in both the induction of tumor cell apoptosis and the inhibition of tumor cell growth. USP14 and UCHL5, overexpressed in various tumor cell types, play a key role in the correct folding and deubiquitination of proteins."]], ["Firsocostat", "CC1=C(SC2=C1C(=O)N(C(=O)N2C[C@@H](C3=CC=CC=C3OC)OC4CCOCC4)C(C)(C)C(=O)O)C5=NC=CO5", ["Firsocostat is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02781584 (Safety, Tolerability, and Efficacy of Selonsertib, Firsocostat, and Cilofexor in Adults With Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH))."]], ["Decoglurant", "C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=NC3=C(C=NN3C(=C2)C(F)(F)F)C#CC4=CN=C(C=C4)N)C(F)(F)F", ["Decoglurant has been used in trials studying the treatment of Major Depressive Disorder."]], ["1-((3R,4R)-3-(((5-chloro-2-((1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)amino)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)oxy)methyl)-4-methoxypyrrolidin-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-one", "CN1C=C(C=N1)NC2=NC3=C(C(=CN3)Cl)C(=N2)OC[C@H]4CN(C[C@@H]4OC)C(=O)C=C", ["PF-06459988 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02297425 (A Study For Patients With EGFRm (Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mutant) Lung Cancer).", "Mutant-selective EGFR Inhibitor PF-06459988 is an orally available, small molecule, third-generation, irreversible inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutant (EGFRm) forms with potential antineoplastic activity. EGFR inhibitor PF-06459988 specifically binds to and inhibits mutant forms of EGFR, including the secondary acquired resistance mutation T790M, which prevents EGFR-mediated signaling and leads to cell death in EGFRm-expressing tumor cells. Compared to some other EGFR inhibitors, PF-06459988 may have therapeutic benefits in tumors with T790M-mediated drug resistance. This agent shows minimal activity against wild-type EGFR (WT EGFR), and does not cause dose-limiting toxicities that are seen with the use of non-selective EGFR inhibitors, which also inhibit WT EGFR. EGFR, a receptor tyrosine kinase mutated in many tumor cell types, plays a key role in tumor cell proliferation and tumor vascularization."]], ["Iadademstat", "C1CC(CCC1N)N[C@@H]2C[C@H]2C3=CC=CC=C3", ["Iadademstat is an orally available inhibitor of lysine specific histone demethylase 1 (KDM1A; LSD1), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, iadademstat binds to and inhibits LSD1, a demethylase that suppresses the expression of target genes by converting the di- and mono-methylated forms of lysine at position 4 of histone H3 (H3K4) to mono- and unmethylated H3K4, respectively. LSD1 inhibition enhances H3K4 methylation and increases the expression of tumor suppressor genes. This may lead to an inhibition of cell growth in LSD1-overexpressing tumor cells. In addition, LSD1 demethylates mono- or di-methylated H3K9, which increases gene expression of tumor promoting genes; inhibition of LSD1 promotes H3K9 methylation and decreases transcription of these genes. LSD1, an enzyme belonging to the flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)-dependent amine oxidase family, is overexpressed in certain tumor cells and plays a key role in in the regulation of gene expression, tumor cell growth and survival."]], ["Fosnetupitant", "CC1=CC=CC=C1C2=CC(=NC=C2N(C)C(=O)C(C)(C)C3=CC(=CC(=C3)C(F)(F)F)C(F)(F)F)N4CC[N+](CC4)(C)COP(=O)(O)[O-]", ["In April 2018, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the Swiss company Helsinn approved the intravenous formulation of AKYNZEO\u00ae (NEPA, a fixed antiemetic combination of fosnetupitant, 235mg, and palonosetron, 0.25mg) as an alternative treatment option for patients experiencing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. Fosnetupitant is the pro-drug form of netupitant.  Generally, 25% to 30% of patients with a diagnosis of cancer receive chemotherapy as a treatment modality and 70% to 80% of these patients undergoing chemotherapy treatment may experience nausea and vomiting as major side effects. Considered one of the most distressing side effects of chemotherapy, nausea and vomiting has an immense impact on the quality of life of patients receiving certain antineoplastic therapies."]], ["N-[3-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-5-[5-(1-methylpyrazol-4-yl)benzimidazol-1-yl]phenyl]cyclopropanesulfonamide", "CN1C=C(C=N1)C2=CC3=C(C=C2)N(C=N3)C4=CC(=CC(=C4)NS(=O)(=O)C5CC5)C6=C(C=C(C=C6)F)F", ["VEGFR/FGFR Inhibitor ODM-203 is an orally available inhibitor of the human vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFRs) and fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs), with potential antiangiogenic and antineoplastic activities. VEGFR/FGFR inhibitor ODM-203 inhibits both VEGFRs and FGFRs, which may result in the inhibition of VEGFR- and FGFR-mediated signaling. This leads to an inhibition of angiogenesis and cell proliferation in tumor cells overexpressing VEGFR and/or FGFR. Both VEGFRs and FGFRs belong to the superfamily of receptor tyrosine kinases and are upregulated in various tumor cell types."]], ["sodium;1-[(Z)-[5-(4-nitrophenyl)furan-2-yl]methylideneamino]imidazolidin-3-ide-2,4-dione", "C1C(=O)[N-]C(=O)N1/N=C\\C2=CC=C(O2)C3=CC=C(C=C3)[N+](=O)[O-].[Na+]", ["Dantrolene Sodium is the sodium salt form of dantrolene, a hydantoin derivative and direct-acting skeletal muscle relaxant. Dantrolene depresses excitation-contraction coupling in skeletal muscle by binding to the ryanodine receptor 1, and decreasing intracellular calcium concentration. Ryanodine receptors mediate the release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, an essential step in muscle contraction.", "Skeletal muscle relaxant that acts by interfering with excitation-contraction coupling in the muscle fiber. It is used in spasticity and other neuromuscular abnormalities. Although the mechanism of action is probably not central, dantrolene is usually grouped with the central muscle relaxants."]], ["Opiranserin", "CCCCOC1=C(C=C(C=C1OC)C(=O)NCC2(CCOCC2)N(C)C)OC", ["Opiranserin is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03997838 (Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of VVZ-149 Injections for the Treatment of Post-operative Pain Following Abdominoplasty)."]], ["2-(6-(5-Chloro-2-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)acetamide", "COC1=C(C=C(C=C1)Cl)C2=CC(=O)NC(=S)N2CC(=O)N", ["Pf 06282999 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01626976 (A Study To Assess The Safety, Tolerability And Pharmacokinetics Of PF-06282999 Administered Orally In Healthy Adult Subjects)."]], ["Agar", "CC1[C@H]([C@H]2C(C(O1)CO2)OC3[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@H](O3)CO)O)OC)O)O", ["Agar is a natural product found in Gracilariopsis longissima with data available.", "A complex sulfated polymer of galactose units, extracted from Gelidium cartilagineum, Gracilaria confervoides, and related red algae. It is used as a gel in the preparation of solid culture media for microorganisms, as a bulk laxative, in making emulsions, and as a supporting medium for immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis."]], ["N-[4-(6,7-dimethoxyquinolin-4-yl)oxy-3-fluorophenyl]-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-2,4-dioxo-1-propan-2-ylpyrimidine-5-carboxamide", "CC(C)N1C=C(C(=O)N(C1=O)C2=CC=C(C=C2)F)C(=O)NC3=CC(=C(C=C3)OC4=C5C=C(C(=CC5=NC=C4)OC)OC)F", ["TAM/c-Met Inhibitor RXDX-106 is an orally available and selective inhibitor of the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) activity of both hepatocyte growth factor receptor (c-Met; HGFR) and receptors in the TYRO3, AXL, and MER (TAM) family, with potential immunomodulating and antineoplastic activities. Upon oral administration of TAM/c-Met inhibitor RXDX-106, this agent selectively targets and binds to TYRO3, AXL, MER and c-Met, and prevents their RTK activity. This blocks TYRO3/AXL/MER/c-Met-mediated signal transduction pathways, and inhibits the proliferation and migration of TYRO3-, AXL-, MER- and c-Met-overexpressing tumor cells. Inhibition of the TAM family in the tumor microenvironment (TME) activates the immune system in the TME, reverses TAM mediated immunosuppression and enhances the anti-tumor immune response, which lead to immune-mediated tumor cell killing. TYRO3, AXL and MER, members of the TAM family of RTKs, are overexpressed in many tumor cell types. TAMs play key roles in tumor cell proliferation, survival, invasion, angiogenesis and metastasis, and their expression is associated with drug resistance and poor prognosis. c-Met, also overexpressed in many tumor cell types, plays a critical role in tumor formation, proliferation, invasion and metastasis, and contributes to tumor resistance. In the TME, TAM expression on immune cells contributes to tumor cell evasion of immune surveillance and to the negative regulation of immune responses."]], ["Ciraparantag", "C1CN(CCN1CCCNC(=O)[C@H](CCCN=C(N)N)N)CCCNC(=O)[C@H](CCCN=C(N)N)N", ["Ciraparantag is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01826266 (Effects of a Double-Blind, Single Dose of PER977 Administered Alone, and Following a Single Dose of Edoxaban)."]], ["Abemaciclib mesylate", "CCN1CCN(CC1)CC2=CN=C(C=C2)NC3=NC=C(C(=N3)C4=CC5=C(C(=C4)F)N=C(N5C(C)C)C)F.CS(=O)(=O)O", ["Abemaciclib Mesylate is the mesylate salt of abemaciclib, an orally available cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor that targets the cyclin D1-CDK4 and cyclin D3-CDK6 cell cycle pathway, with potential antineoplastic activity. Abemaciclib specifically inhibits CDK4 and 6, thereby inhibiting retinoblastoma (Rb) protein phosphorylation in early G1. Inhibition of Rb phosphorylation prevents CDK-mediated G1-S phase transition, thereby arresting the cell cycle in the G1 phase, suppressing DNA synthesis and inhibiting cancer cell growth. Overexpression of the serine/threonine kinases CDK4/6, as seen in certain types of cancer, causes cell cycle deregulation."]], ["Telaglenastat", "C1=CC=NC(=C1)CC(=O)NC2=NN=C(S2)CCCCC3=NN=C(C=C3)NC(=O)CC4=CC(=CC=C4)OC(F)(F)F", ["Telaglenastat is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02071862 (Study of the Glutaminase Inhibitor CB-839 in Solid Tumors).", "Telaglenastat is an orally bioavailable inhibitor of glutaminase, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, CB-839 selectively and irreversibly inhibits glutaminase, a mitochondrial enzyme that is essential for the conversion of the amino acid glutamine into glutamate. By blocking glutamine utilization, proliferation in rapidly growing cells is impaired. Glutamine-dependent tumors rely on the conversion of exogenous glutamine into glutamate and glutamate metabolites to both provide energy and generate building blocks for the production of macromolecules, which are needed for cellular growth and survival."]], ["Enzalutamide D3", "[2H]C([2H])([2H])NC(=O)C1=C(C=C(C=C1)N2C(=S)N(C(=O)C2(C)C)C3=CC(=C(C=C3)C#N)C(F)(F)F)F", ["Deutenzalutamide is a deuterated form of enzalutamide, an orally bioavailable, organic, non-steroidal small molecule targeting the androgen receptor (AR) with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, deutenzalutamide competitively binds to and inhibits the activity of ARs expressed on prostate cancer cells, which impairs nuclear translocation and DNA binding, resulting in apoptosis of prostate cancer cells. This results in a reduction in prostate cancer cell growth. AR overexpression in prostate cancer represents a key mechanism associated with prostate cancer hormone resistance. Deuterium incorporation, by replacing the hydrogen atoms of the N-CH3 moiety with deuterium atoms, decreases enzalutamide's metabolism and allows for an increased pharmacokinetic profile, thereby enhancing its anti-tumor efficacy compared to non-deuterated enzalutamide. As the deuterated form can't cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), the deutenzalutamide form also reduces the unwanted brain-related side effects of enzalutamide and improves its safety profile."]], ["Ripretinib", "CCN1C2=CC(=NC=C2C=C(C1=O)C3=CC(=C(C=C3Br)F)NC(=O)NC4=CC=CC=C4)NC", ["Ripretinib is a kinase inhibitor used for the treatment of advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) that has not adequately responded to other kinase inhibitors such as [sunitinib] and [imatinib]. Ripretinib, also known as Qinlock, is manufactured by Deciphera Pharmaceuticals and was initially approved by the FDA on May 15, 2020.   It is the first drug approved as a fourth-line therapy in the specific setting of prior treatment with a minimum of 3 other kinase inhibitors.", "Ripretinib is a Kinase Inhibitor. The mechanism of action of ripretinib is as a Stem Cell Factor (KIT) Receptor Inhibitor, and Platelet-derived Growth Factor alpha Receptor Inhibitor, and Cytochrome P450 2C8 Inhibitor, and P-Glycoprotein Inhibitor, and Breast Cancer Resistance Protein Inhibitor.", "Ripretinib is an orally bioavailable switch pocket control inhibitor of wild-type and mutated forms of the tumor-associated antigens (TAA) mast/stem cell factor receptor (SCFR) KIT and platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFR-alpha; PDGFRa), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, ripretinib targets and binds to both wild-type and mutant forms of KIT and PDGFRa specifically at their switch pocket binding sites, thereby preventing the switch from inactive to active conformations of these kinases and inactivating their wild-type and mutant forms. This abrogates KIT/PDGFRa-mediated tumor cell signaling and prevents proliferation in KIT/PDGFRa-driven cancers. DCC-2618 also inhibits several other kinases, including vascular endothelial growth factor receptor type 2 (VEGFR2; KDR), angiopoietin-1 receptor (TIE2; TEK), PDGFR-beta and macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (FMS; CSF1R), thereby further inhibiting tumor cell growth. KIT and PDGFRa are tyrosine kinase receptors that are upregulated or mutated in a variety of cancer cell types; mutated forms play a key role in the regulation of tumor cell proliferation and resistance to chemotherapy."]], ["Sodium N(sup 1)-(5-bromo-4,6-dimethyl-2-pyrimidinyl)sulfanilamide, monohydrate", "CC1=C(C(=NC(=N1)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C2=CC=C(C=C2)N)C)Br.O.[Na+]", ["Sulfabromomethazine Sodium is a sodium salt form of sulfabromomethazine, a long-acting derivative of sulfamezathine that is used in the poultry, swine and cattle industries for the treatment of coccidiosis and various bacterial infections."]], ["Unii-hpn8mzw13M", "O.[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Cl-]", ["Aluminum chlorohydrate is a group of water-soluble aluminum complexes with the general formula AlnCl(3n-m)(OH)m. It is included up to 25% in over-the-counter hygiene products as an active antiperspirant agent. The primary site of action of aluminum chlorohydrate is at the level of the stratum corneum layer, which is relatively near the skin surface. It is also used as a coagulant in the water purification process."]], ["Schorl tourmaline", "B([O-])([O-])[O-].B([O-])([O-])[O-].B([O-])([O-])[O-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[O-][Si]1(O[Si](O[Si](O[Si](O[Si](O[Si](O1)([O-])[O-])([O-])[O-])([O-])[O-])([O-])[O-])([O-])[O-])[O-].[Na+].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Fe+2].[Fe+2].[Fe+2]", ["Schorl is a mineral with formula of NaFe2+3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3OH or NaFe2+3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH). The corresponding IMA (International Mineralogical Association) number is IMA2007 s.p.. The IMA symbol is Srl."]], ["Blexane", "CC1=C(N=C(N=C1N)[C@H](CC(=O)N)NC[C@@H](C(=O)N)N)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@H](C2=CN=CN2)O[C@H]3[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](O3)CO)O)O)O[C@@H]4[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O4)CO)O)OC(=O)N)O)C(=O)N[C@H](C)[C@H]([C@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)NCCC5=NC(=CS5)C6=NC(=CS6)C(=O)NCCC[S+](C)C)O.OS(=O)(=O)O", ["Bleomycin Sulfate is a mixture of the sulfate salts of basic glycopeptide antineoplastic antibiotics isolated from Streptomyces verticillus. Bleomycin sulfate forms complexes with iron that reduce molecular oxygen to superoxide and hydroxyl radicals which cause single- and double-stranded breaks in DNA; these reactive oxygen species also induce lipid peroxidation, carbohydrate oxidation, and alterations in prostaglandin synthesis and degradation.", "A complex of related glycopeptide antibiotics from Streptomyces verticillus consisting of bleomycin A2 and B2. It inhibits DNA metabolism and is used as an antineoplastic, especially for solid tumors."]], ["Germanium sesquioxide", "O1[Ge]2O[Ge]1O2", ["See also: Bis (2-Carboxyethylgermanium)sesquioxide (related)."]], ["Magnesium gluconate", "C([C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](C(=O)[O-])O)O)O)O)O.C([C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](C(=O)[O-])O)O)O)O)O.O.O.[Mg+2]", ["Magnesium gluconate is a magnesium salt of gluconate. It demonstrates the highest oral bioavailability of magnesium salts and is used as a mineral supplement. Magnesium is ubiquitous in the human body, and is naturally present in many foods, added to other food products, available as a dietary supplement and used as an ingredient in some medicines (such as antacids and laxatives).  Although magnesium is available in the form of sulphates, lactate, hydroxide, oxide and chloride, only magnesium gluconate is recommended for magnesium supplementation as it appears to be better absorbed and causes less diarrha.  This drug has been studied in the prevention of pregnancy-induced hypertension, and has displayed promising results. In addition, it has been studied for its effects on premature uterine contractions."]], ["Technetium tc-99m lidofenin", "CC1=C(C(=CC=C1)C)NC(=O)CN(CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-].[O-2].[Tc+4]", ["A nontoxic radiopharmaceutical that is used in RADIONUCLIDE IMAGING for the clinical evaluation of hepatobiliary disorders in humans."]], ["Prezatide copper", "C1=C(NC=N1)C[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)[O-])NC(=O)CN.[Cu+2]", ["Prezatide is a tripeptide consisting of glycine, histidine, and lysine which readily forms a complex with copper ions. Prezatide is used in cosmetic products for the skin and hair. It is known to aid wound healing and its potential applications in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and metastatic colon cancer are currently being investigated."]], ["L-Tyrosine-L-serine-L-leucine", "C.CC(C)C[C@@H](C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CC1=CC=C(C=C1)O)N", ["Tyroserleutide is a tripeptide consisting of tyrosine, serine, and leucine with potential antineoplastic activity. Although the mechanism of its antitumor activity has yet to be fully elucidated, tyroserleutide appears to inhibit the expression of ICAM-1 (CD54), a cell adhesion factor of the immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily that plays an important role in the invasion, adhesion, and metastasis of tumor cells. In addition, this agent may influence the Ca2+/calmodulin pathway, inhibiting phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K); PI3K is upregulated in tumor cells and is involved in cellular proliferation."]], ["Samyr", "C[S+](CC[C@@H](C(=O)[O-])N)C[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O1)N2C=NC3=C(N=CN=C32)N)O)O.C(CCS(=O)(=O)O)CS(=O)(=O)O", ["Physiologic methyl radical donor involved in enzymatic transmethylation reactions and present in all living organisms. It possesses anti-inflammatory activity and has been used in treatment of chronic liver disease. (From Merck, 11th ed)"]], ["Altropane I-123", "COC(=O)[C@@H]1[C@H]2CC[C@H](N2C/C=C/[123I])C[C@@H]1C3=CC=C(C=C3)F", ["Altropane I-123 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01950468 (A Cross-Over, Multi-Center Trial to Evaluate the Diagnostic Efficacy and Safety of [123I]NAV5001 as an Imaging Agent to Aid in the Diagnosis of Parkinsonian Syndromes)."]], ["urea, N-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-N'-(4-bromo-2-(2h-tetrazol-5-yl)phenyl)-", "C1=CC(=C(C=C1Br)NC(=O)NC2=CC(=CC(=C2)C(F)(F)F)C(F)(F)F)C3=NNN=N3", ["NS3728 is an orally active chloride channel blocker for the treatment of cancer."]], ["Manganese, dichloro((4aS,13aS,17aS,21aS)-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,12,13,13a,14,15,16,17,17a,18,19,20,21,21a-eicosahydro-7,11-nitrilo-7H-dibenzo(b,H)-5,13,18,21-tetraazacycloheptadecine-kappaN5,kappaN13,kappaN18,kappaN21,kappaN22)-, (pb-7-11-2344'3')-", "C1CC[C@H]2[C@H](C1)NCCN[C@H]3CCCC[C@@H]3NCC4=CC=CC(=N4)CN2.[Cl-].[Cl-].[Mn+2]", ["Avasopasem manganese, also known as GC4419, is a highly-selective small molecule mimetic of superoxide dismutase (SOD) being investigated for the reduction of radiation-induced severe oral mucositis. This drug has potential application for radiation-induced esophagitis and oral mucositis, in addition to being currently tested against COVID-19.", "Avasopasem Manganese is a mimetic of the enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) that may potentially be used to reduce oral mucositis and esophagitis associated with radiation therapy and chemoradiotherapy. Upon administration, avasopasem manganese may mimic native SODs and catalyze the formation of molecular oxygen and hydrogen peroxide from the burst of superoxide anion present in the irradiated tissues upon radiation and/or induced by chemotherapy. This may decrease the damage of radiation and/or chemotherapy to normal tissues."]], ["ISO-Fludelone", "C[C@H]1/C=C\\C/C(=C\\C[C@H](OC(=O)C[C@@H](C(C(=O)[C@@H]([C@H]1O)C)(C)C)O)/C(=C/C2=NOC(=C2)C)/C)/C", ["KOSN-1724 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01379287 (Dose-Escalation Safety and Pharmacokinetic Study of Iso-Fludelone in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors).", "Iso-fludelone is a third-generation epothilone B analogue with potential anti-mitotic and antineoplastic activites. Iso-fludelone binds to tubulin and induces microtubule polymerization and stabilizes microtubules against depolymerization, which may result in the inhibition of cell division, the induction of G2/M arrest, and apoptosis. Compared to other generations of epothilones, iso-fludelone exhibits increased stability, water solubility, potency, duration of action, tumor penetration as well as reduced toxicity. In addition, this agent is a not a substrate of the P-glycoprotein (P-gp), a multidrug resistance pump often overexpressed in cancer cells."]], ["Rolapitant hydrochloride anhydrous", "C[C@H](C1=CC(=CC(=C1)C(F)(F)F)C(F)(F)F)OC[C@]2(CC[C@]3(CCC(=O)N3)CN2)C4=CC=CC=C4.Cl", ["Rolapitant hydrochloride (anhydrous) is a hydrochloride obtained by combining irinotecan with one molar equivalent of hydrochloric acid. Used (in the form of the hydrate) for the prevention of delayed nausea and vomiting associated with initial and repeat courses of emetogenic cancer chemotherapy. It has a role as an antiemetic and a neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist. It contains a rolapitant(1+)."]], ["DNA, d(3'-amino-3'-deoxy-p-thio)(T-A-G-G-G-T-T-A-G-A-C-A-A), 5'-(O-(2-hydroxy-3-((1-oxohexadecyl)amino)propyl) hydrogen phosphorothioate)", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)NCC(COP(=S)(O)OC[C@@H]1[C@H](C[C@@H](O1)N2C=C(C(=O)NC2=O)C)NP(=S)(O)OC[C@@H]3[C@H](C[C@@H](O3)N4C=NC5=C(N=CN=C54)N)NP(=S)(O)OC[C@@H]6[C@H](C[C@@H](O6)N7C=NC8=C7N=C(NC8=O)N)NP(=S)(O)OC[C@@H]9[C@H](C[C@@H](O9)N1C=NC2=C1N=C(NC2=O)N)NP(=S)(O)OC[C@@H]1[C@H](C[C@@H](O1)N1C=NC2=C1N=C(NC2=O)N)NP(=S)(O)OC[C@@H]1[C@H](C[C@@H](O1)N1C=C(C(=O)NC1=O)C)NP(=S)(O)OC[C@@H]1[C@H](C[C@@H](O1)N1C=C(C(=O)NC1=O)C)NP(=S)(O)OC[C@@H]1[C@H](C[C@@H](O1)N1C=NC2=C(N=CN=C21)N)NP(=S)(O)OC[C@@H]1[C@H](C[C@@H](O1)N1C=NC2=C1N=C(NC2=O)N)NP(=S)(O)OC[C@@H]1[C@H](C[C@@H](O1)N1C=NC2=C(N=CN=C21)N)NP(=S)(O)OC[C@@H]1[C@H](C[C@@H](O1)N1C=CC(=NC1=O)N)NP(=S)(O)OC[C@@H]1[C@H](C[C@@H](O1)N1C=NC2=C(N=CN=C21)N)NP(=O)(OC[C@@H]1[C@H](C[C@@H](O1)N1C=NC2=C(N=CN=C21)N)N)S)O", ["GRN163L is a novel anti-cancer drug. It has been characterized preclinically and shown to inhibit telomerase in human tumor cells of many cancer types (including lung, breast, prostate, liver, and early stage of human breast cancer), in both cell culture systems and animal models. Study of this drug shows the its potential utility in the treatment of patients with hematologic and solid tumor malignancies."]], ["L-Aminocarnityl-succinyl-leucyl-argininal-diethylacetal", "CCOC([C@H](CCCN=C(N)N)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)CCC(=O)N[C@H](CC(=O)[O-])C[N+](C)(C)C)OCC", ["C-101, also called Myodur, is developed for the treatment of Duchenne\u2019s muscular dystrophy (DMD) which is a morbid genetic disease that can lead to death in late adolescence due to accelerated skeletal muscle breakdown. C-101 includes a carnitine carrier molecule and a leupeptin analogue, a known calpain inhibitor. Calpain is the primary protease that degrades skeletal muscle."]], ["Simmitecan", "CC[C@@]1(C2=C(COC1=O)C(=O)N3CC4=CC5=C(C=CC(=C5CC=C)OC(=O)N6CCC(CC6)N7CCCCC7)N=C4C3=C2)O.Cl", ["Simmitecan Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of simmitecan, an ester prodrug of chimmitecan, a 9-alkyl substituted camptothecin derivative with potential antineoplastc activity. Upon intravenous administration, simmitecan is hydrolyzed by carboxylesterase and the activated form, chimmitecan, is produced. Chimmitecan inhibits topoisomerase I, stabilizes covalent topoisomerase I-DNA complexes, and inhibits the religation of topoisomerase I-mediated single-strand DNA breaks. Futhermore, the covalent topoisomerase I-DNA complexes interfere and block the DNA replication machinery, resulting in the production of potentially lethal double-strand DNA breaks. This leads to an inhibition of DNA replication and the induction of apoptosis. The modification at position 9 yields improved cytotoxicity compared to some other camptothecin analogues."]], ["Empesertib", "C[C@H](C1=CC=C(C=C1)F)C(=O)NC2=CC=C(C=C2)C3=CN4C(=NC(=N4)NC5=C(C=C(C=C5)S(=O)(=O)C)OC)C=C3", ["Empesertib is an orally bioavailable, selective inhibitor of the serine/threonine monopolar spindle 1 (Mps1) kinase, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, empesertib binds to and inhibits the activity of Mps1. This causes inactivation of the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC), accelerated mitosis, chromosomal misalignment, chromosomal missegregation, mitotic checkpoint complex destabilization, and increased aneuploidy. This leads to the induction of cell death in cancer cells overexpressing Mps1. Mps1, a kinase expressed in proliferating normal tissues and aberrantly overexpressed in a wide range of human tumors, is activated during mitosis and is essential for SAC functioning and controls chromosome alignment."]], ["Uproleselan", "CC[C@H]1C[C@H](C[C@H]([C@@H]1O[C@H]2[C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](O2)C)O)O)O)O[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@H](O3)CO)O)O[C@@H](CC4CCCCC4)C(=O)O)NC(=O)C)C(=O)NCCNC(=O)CCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOC", ["Uproleselan is a novel, specific E-Selectin antagonist under investigation in clinical trial NCT02306291 (Study to Determine Safety, Pharmacokinetics and Efficacy of GMI-1271 in Combination With Chemotherapy in AML).", "Uproleselan is a synthetic, glycomimetic molecule and E-selectin (CD62E) antagonist, with potential anti-thrombotic, antineoplastic and chemopotentiating activities. Upon administration, uproleselan binds to E-selectin expressed on endothelial cells and prevents their interaction with selectin-E ligand-expressing cancer cells. This may prevent tumor cell activation, migration and metastasis. GMI-1271 also interferes with the binding of selectin E-expressing vascular endothelial cells to selectin-E ligand-expressing monocytes and neutrophils, thereby disrupting their activation. Consequently, this inhibits both the activation of the coagulation cascade and thrombus formation. This agent also prevents both leukocyte activation and inflammation. E-selectin is a cell adhesion molecule involved in cell rolling, signaling and chemotaxis; it also plays a crucial role in inflammatory processes and cancer."]], ["Mivebresib", "CCS(=O)(=O)NC1=CC(=C(C=C1)OC2=C(C=C(C=C2)F)F)C3=CN(C(=O)C4=C3C=CN4)C", ["Mivebresib is an inhibitor of the Bromodomain and Extra-Terminal (BET) family of proteins, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, mivebresib binds to the acetyl-lysine binding site of  BRD-containing protein(s), thereby preventing the interaction between those proteins and acetylated histones. This disrupts chromatin remodeling, prevents the expression of certain growth-promoting genes, and leads to an inhibition of cell growth in susceptible tumors."]], ["Abacavir hydroxyacetate", "C1CC1NC2=C3C(=NC(=N2)N)N(C=N3)[C@@H]4C[C@@H](C=C4)COC(=O)CO", ["Prurisol is under investigation for the treatment of Chronic Stable Plaque Psoriasis. Prurisol has been investigated for the treatment of Plaque Psoriasis."]], ["Remimazolam tosylate", "CC1=CC=C(C=C1)S(=O)(=O)O.CC1=CN=C2N1C3=C(C=C(C=C3)Br)C(=N[C@H]2CCC(=O)OC)C4=CC=CC=N4", ["Remimazolam Tosylate is the tosylate salt form of remimazolam, a short-acting benzodiazepine derivative that is structurally related to midazolam, with sedative-hypnotic activity. Upon administration, remimazolam targets and binds to a specific site on the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-A-chloride ionophore receptor complex located on the neuronal membrane. Binding causes an allosteric modification of the receptor thereby enhancing the affinity of GABA to the receptor leading to an increase in the frequency of chloride-channel opening events, which leads to an increase in chloride ion conductance, neuronal hyperpolarization, inhibition of the action potential, and a decrease in neuronal excitability."]], ["Rogaratinib", "CC1=CC2=C(C(=C1)OC)SC(=C2)C3=C4C(=NC=NN4C(=C3COC)CN5CCNC(=O)C5)N", ["Rogaratinib is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03762122 (Rogaratinib in Patients With Advanced Pretreated Squamous-cell Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (SQCLC)).", "Rogaratinib is a pan inhibitor of human fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) with potential antiangiogenic and antineoplastic activities. Rogaratinib inhibits the activities of FGFRs, which may result in the inhibition of both tumor angiogenesis and tumor cell proliferation, and the induction of tumor cell death. FGFRs are a family of receptor tyrosine kinases, which may be upregulated in various tumor cell types and may be involved in tumor cell differentiation and proliferation, tumor angiogenesis, and tumor cell survival."]], ["4H-Pyrimido(6,1-a)isoquinolin-4-one, 9-(2-cyclopropylethynyl)-2-((2S)-1,4-dioxan-2-ylmethoxy)-6,7-dihydro-", "C1CC1C#CC2=CC3=C(C=C2)C4=CC(=NC(=O)N4CC3)OC[C@@H]5COCCO5", ["GLPG-1205 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03725852 (A Clinical Study to Test How Effective and Safe GLPG1205 is for Patients With Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF))."]], ["Tunlametinib", "C1=CC(=C(C=C1I)F)NC2=C(C3=C(C=C2C(=O)NOCCO)SC=N3)F", ["Tunlametinib is an orally bioavailable inhibitor of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MAP2K, MAPK/ERK kinase, or MEK), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, tunlametinib selectively binds to and inhibits the activity of MEK, preventing the activation of MEK-dependent effector proteins and transcription factors, which may result in the inhibition of growth factor-mediated cell signaling and tumor cell proliferation. MEK, a threonine/tyrosine kinase, plays a key role in the activation of the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK pathway that regulates cell growth. This pathway is often dysregulated in a variety of tumor cell types through BRAF, KRAS and NRAS mutations."]], ["Futibatinib", "COC1=CC(=CC(=C1)C#CC2=NN(C3=NC=NC(=C23)N)[C@H]4CCN(C4)C(=O)C=C)OC", ["Futibatinib is an inhibitor of Fibroblast Growth Factor receptor (FGFR), which comprises a group of receptor tyrosine kinases that play a key role in cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, and survival. FGFR was investigated in oncology as a therapeutic target, as FGFR genomic aberrations and dysregulated FGFR signalling pathways are observed in some cancers such as cholangiocarcinoma and urothelial malignancies.  As a novel inhibitor of FGFR, futibatinib was first approved by the FDA in September 2022 to treat different types of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.", "Futibatinib is a FGF receptor 2 kinase inhibitor that is used in the treatment of unresectable, locally advanced or metastatic intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Futibatinib is associated with transient and usually mild elevations in serum aminotransferase during therapy, but has not been convincingly linked to cases of clinically apparent liver injury.", "Futibatinib is an orally bioavailable inhibitor of the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) with potential antineoplastic activity. Futibatinib selectively and irreversibly binds to and inhibits FGFR, which may result in the inhibition of both the FGFR-mediated signal transduction pathway and tumor cell proliferation, and increased cell death in FGFR-overexpressing tumor cells. FGFR is a receptor tyrosine kinase essential to tumor cell proliferation, differentiation and survival and its expression is upregulated in many tumor cell types."]], ["N-{(2R,4R,5S)-2-benzyl-5-[(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino]-4-hydroxy-6-phenylhexanoyl}-L-leucyl-N-{15,25,41,49-tetraoxo-53-[(3aS,4S,6aR)-2-oxohexahydro-1H-thieno[3,4-d]imidazol-4-yl]-4,7,10,17,20,23,30,33,36-nonaoxa-44,45-dithia-14,26,40,48-tetraazatripentacont-1-yl}-L-phenylalaninamide", "CC(C)C[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)C(=O)NCCCOCCOCCOCCCNC(=O)COCCOCCOCC(=O)NCCCOCCOCCOCCCNC(=O)CCSSCCNC(=O)CCCC[C@H]2[C@@H]3[C@H](CS2)NC(=O)N3)NC(=O)[C@H](CC4=CC=CC=C4)C[C@H]([C@H](CC5=CC=CC=C5)NC(=O)OC(C)(C)C)O", ["GCB is an organic disulfide that is L-685,458 in which the C-terminal amide group is coupled to a biotin moiety via a long linker containing the disulfide group. It has a role as an EC 3.4.23.46 (memapsin 2) inhibitor. It is an organic disulfide, a polyether, a secondary alcohol, a carbamate ester and a monocarboxylic acid amide. It is functionally related to a biotin and a L-685,458."]], ["N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-[6-[(3S)-3-(morpholin-4-ylmethyl)-3,4-dihydro-1H-isoquinoline-2-carbonyl]-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl]-N-phenyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroindolizine-1-carboxamide", "C1CCN2C(=C(C=C2C3=CC4=C(C=C3C(=O)N5CC6=CC=CC=C6C[C@H]5CN7CCOCC7)OCO4)C(=O)N(C8=CC=CC=C8)C9=CC=C(C=C9)O)C1", ["Bcl-2 Inhibitor BCL201 is a selective inhibitor of the anti-apoptotic protein B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), with potential pro-apoptotic and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, Bcl-2 inhibitor BCL201 binds to and inhibits the activity of Bcl-2. This restores apoptotic processes in tumor cells. Bcl-2 protein is overexpressed in many cancers and plays an important role in the negative regulation of apoptosis; its expression is associated with increased drug resistance and tumor cell survival."]], ["Netspot", "C[C@H]([C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](CSSC[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N1)CCCCN)CC2=CNC3=CC=CC=C32)CC4=CC=C(C=C4)O)NC(=O)[C@@H](CC5=CC=CC=C5)NC(=O)CN6CCN(CCN(CCN(CC6)CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])C(=O)N[C@H](CO)[C@@H](C)O)O.[68Ga+3]", ["Gallium Ga 68-Edotreotide is a radioconjugate consisting of the octreotide derivative edotreotide labeled with gallium 68 (Ga-68) with potential application in somatostatin receptor (SSTR) imaging in conjunction with positron emission tomography (PET). Similar to octreotide, gallium Ga 68-edotreotide binds to SSTRs, especially type 2 receptors, present on the cell membranes of many types of neuroendocrine tumor cells and their metastases, thereby allowing for imaging of SSTR-expressing cells upon PET. Gallium Ga 68-edotreotide is produced by substituting tyrosine for phenylalanine at the 3 position of the somatostatin analogue octreotide (Tyr3-octreotide or TOC) and chelating the substituted octreotide to Ga-68 via the macrocyclic chelating agent dodecanetetraacetic acid (DOTA)."]], ["Senexin B", "CN1CCN(CC1)C(=O)C2=CC3=C(C=C2)C=C(C=C3)CCNC4=NC=NC5=C4C=C(C=C5)C#N", ["Cyclin-dependent Kinase 8/19 Inhibitor BCD 115 is an orally bioavailable inhibitor of cyclin dependent kinases 8 and 19 (CDK8/19), with potential antineoplastic and chemoprotective activities. Upon oral administration, CDK8/19 inhibitor BCD 115 binds to and inhibits the activity of CDK8/19, which prevents activation of CDK8/19-mediated oncogenic signaling pathways, blocks selective transcription of certain tumor promoting genes, and inhibits proliferation of CDK8/19-overexpressing tumor cells. CDKs are serine/threonine kinases involved in the regulation of the cell cycle and may be overexpressed in certain cancer cell types. CDK8 plays a key role in transcription regulation and is an important oncogenic driver in a variety of cancer cell types."]], ["(alphaR,betaS)-beta-Amino-6-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-alpha-methyl-1H-benzimidazole-2-propanamide", "C[C@H]([C@@H](C1=NC2=C(N1)C=C(C=C2)C(C)(C)C)N)C(=O)N", ["Pf 06305591 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01776619 (Safety and Tolerability Study of Multiple Doses of PF-06305591)."]], ["Naquotinib", "CCC1=C(N=C(C(=N1)C(=O)N)NC2=CC=C(C=C2)N3CCC(CC3)N4CCN(CC4)C)O[C@@H]5CCN(C5)C(=O)C=C", ["Naquotinib has been used in trials studying the treatment of Solid Tumors, Non-small Cell Lung Cancer, Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC), Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mutations, and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) Mutations, among others.", "Naquotinib is an orally available, irreversible, third-generation, mutant-selective, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, ASP8273 covalently binds to and inhibits the activity of mutant forms of EGFR, including the T790M EGFR mutant, thereby preventing EGFR-mediated signaling. This may both induce cell death and inhibit tumor growth in EGFR-overexpressing tumor cells. EGFR, a receptor tyrosine kinase mutated in many tumor cell types, plays a key role in tumor cell proliferation and tumor vascularization. ASP8273 preferentially inhibits mutated forms of EGFR including T790M, a secondarily acquired resistance mutation, and may have therapeutic benefits in tumors with T790M-mediated resistance when compared to other EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors. As this agent is selective towards mutant forms of EGFR, its toxicity profile may be reduced as compared to non-selective EGFR inhibitors which also inhibit wild-type EGFR."]], ["Siremadlin", "CC(C)N1C2=C(C(=O)N([C@H]2C3=CC=C(C=C3)Cl)C4=CC(=CN(C4=O)C)Cl)N=C1C5=CN=C(N=C5OC)OC", ["Siremadlin is an orally bioavailable human double minute 2 homolog (HDM2) inhibitor with potential antineoplastic activity. Siremadlin inhibits the binding of the HDM2 protein to the transcriptional activation domain of the tumor suppressor protein p53. By preventing this HDM2-p53 interaction, the proteasome-mediated enzymatic degradation of p53 is inhibited, which may result in the restoration of both p53 signaling and p53-mediated induction of tumor cell apoptosis. HDM2, a zinc finger protein and negative regulator of the p53 pathway, is often overexpressed in cancer cells and has been implicated in cancer cell proliferation and survival."]], ["[(1R,2R,3E,5R,7S,9E,11R,12S,16S)-16-benzyl-5,12-dihydroxy-5,7,14-trimethyl-13-methylidene-6,18-dioxo-17-azatricyclo[9.7.0.01,15]octadeca-3,9-dien-2-yl] acetate", "C[C@H]1C/C=C/[C@H]2[C@@H](C(=C)C(C3[C@@]2([C@@H](/C=C/[C@@](C1=O)(C)O)OC(=O)C)C(=O)N[C@H]3CC4=CC=CC=C4)C)O", ["Cytochalasin d appears as needles or fluffy white powder. (NTP, 1992)"]], ["N-(1-Adamantyl)-1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide", "C1C2CC3CC1CC(C2)(C3)NC(=O)C4=NN(C5=CC=CC=C54)CCCCCF", ["AKB48 N-(5-Fluoropentyl) analog is a member of indazoles and an aromatic amide."]], ["Sulfamic acid, [(1R,2R,3S,4R)-2,3-dihydroxy-4-[[2-[3-[(trifluoromethyl)thio]phenyl]pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-yl]amino]cyclopentyl]methyl ester", "C1[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]1NC2=CC=NC3=CC(=NN23)C4=CC(=CC=C4)SC(F)(F)F)O)O)COS(=O)(=O)N", ["TAK-243 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03816319 (TAK-243 in Treating Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia or Refractory Myelodysplastic Syndrome or Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia).", "UAE Inhibitor TAK-243 is a small molecule inhibitor of ubiquitin-activating enzyme (UAE), with potential antineoplastic activity. UAE inhibitor TAK-243 binds to and inhibits UAE, which prevents both protein ubiquitination and subsequent protein degradation by the proteasome. This results in an excess of proteins in the cells and may lead to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-mediated apoptosis. This inhibits tumor cell proliferation and survival. UAE, also called ubiquitin E1 enzyme (UBA1; E1), is more active in cancer cells than in normal, healthy cells."]], ["(2R,6S,12Z,13aS,14aR,16aS)-6-[(tert-Butoxycarbonyl)amino]-14a-[(cyclopropylsulfonyl)carbamoyl]-5,16-dioxo-1,2,3,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,13a,14,14a,15,16,16a-hexadecahydrocyclopropa[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazacyclopentadecin-2-yl 4-fluoro-1,3-dihydro-2H-isoindole-2-carboxylate", "CC(C)(C)OC(=O)N[C@@H]1CCCCC/C=C\\[C@@H]2C[C@]2(NC(=O)[C@@H]3C[C@H](CN3C1=O)OC(=O)N4CC5=C(C4)C(=CC=C5)F)C(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C6CC6", ["Danoprevir is an orally bioavailable, peptidomimetic inhibitor of hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS3/4A protease, with antiviral activity against HCV and potential antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2. Upon oral administration, danoprevir binds to and blocks the activity of HCV NS3/4A protease. This prevents the cleavage and processing of HCV viral proteins leading to the inhibition of HCV replication. Danoprevir may also bind to and block of the activity of SARS-CoV-2 protease. This prevents the cleavage and processing of SARS-CoV-2 viral proteins leading to the inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 replication. NS3/4A, a chymotrypsin-like serine protease, is responsible for cleavage at four sites of the HCV polyprotein to form the viral proteins required for HCV replication. It plays a key role in the HCV viral replication process. HCV infection is associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A chymotrypsin-like protease is responsible for cleavage of the SARS-CoV-2 viral polyprotein to form the RNA replicase-transcriptase complex, which plays a key role in the SARS-CoV-2 viral transcription and replication process."]], ["1-(3,3-Dimethylbutyl)-3-[2-fluoro-4-methyl-5-[7-methyl-2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl]phenyl]urea", "CC1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=C(N=C3C(=C2)C=NC(=N3)NC)C)NC(=O)NCCC(C)(C)C)F", ["LY3009120 is a member of the class of pyridopyrimidines that is pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine substituted by methylamino, 5-{[(3,3-dimethylbutyl)carbamoyl]amino}-4-fluoro-2-methylphenyl, and methyl groups at positions 2, 6 and 7, respectively. It is a potent pan RAF inhibitor which inhibits BRAF(V600E), BRAF(WT) and CRAF(WT) (IC50 = 5.8, 9.1 and 15 nM, respectively). It also inhibits RAF homo- and heterodimers and exhibits anti-cancer properties. It has a role as a necroptosis inhibitor, an apoptosis inducer, an antineoplastic agent, a B-Raf inhibitor and an autophagy inducer. It is a pyridopyrimidine, a biaryl, an aromatic amine, a member of phenylureas, a member of monofluorobenzenes, an aminotoluene and a secondary amino compound.", "Pan-RAF Inhibitor LY3009120 is an orally available inhibitor of all members of the serine/threonine protein kinase Raf family, including A-Raf, B-Raf and C-Raf protein kinases, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, pan-RAF kinase inhibitor LY3009120 inhibits Raf-mediated signal transduction pathways, which may inhibit tumor cell growth. Raf protein kinases play a key role in the RAF/mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway, which is often dysregulated in human cancers and plays a key role in tumor cell proliferation and survival."]], ["Cep-37440", "CNC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1NC2=NC(=NC=C2Cl)NC3=C(C4=C(C[C@H](CCC4)N5CCN(CC5)CCO)C=C3)OC", ["CEP-37440 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Solid Tumors.", "ALK-FAK Inhibitor CEP-37440 is an orally available dual kinase inhibitor of the receptor tyrosine kinase anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) and focal adhesion kinase (FAK), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, ALK-FAK inhibitor CEP-37440 selectively binds to and inhibits ALK kinase and FAK kinase. The inhibition leads to disruption of ALK- and FAK-mediated signal transduction pathways and eventually inhibits tumor cell growth in ALK- and FAK-overexpressing tumor cells. ALK belongs to the insulin receptor superfamily and plays an important role in nervous system development; its dysregulation and gene rearrangements are associated with a variety of tumors. The cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase FAK, a signal transducer for integrins, is upregulated and constitutively activated in various tumor types; it plays a key role in tumor cell migration, proliferation, survival, and tumor angiogenesis."]], ["Selatinib ditosilate", "CC1=CC=C(C=C1)S(=O)(=O)O.CC1=CC=C(C=C1)S(=O)(=O)O.CS(=O)CCNCC1=CC=C(O1)C2=CC3=C(C=C2)N=CN=C3NC4=CC(=C(C=C4)OCC5=CC(=CC=C5)F)Cl", ["Selatinib Ditosilate is an orally bioavailable ditosilate salt form of selatinib, an analog of the quinazoline lapatinib and dual inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (ErbB-2 or HER-2), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, selatinib reversibly blocks phosphorylation of both EGFR and ErbB2, thereby suppressing tumor growth in EGFR/ErbB-2-overexpressing tumor cells. The tyrosine kinases EGFR and ErbB2 have been implicated in the growth of various tumor types."]], ["Trimebutine 3-thiocarbamoylbenzenesulfonate", "CCC(COC(=O)C1=CC(=C(C(=C1)OC)OC)OC)(C2=CC=CC=C2)N(C)C.C1=CC(=CC(=C1)S(=O)(=O)O)C(=S)N", ["Trimebutine 3-Thiocarbamoylbenzenesulfonate is a sulfonate-based salt form of a trimebutine derivative, an orally available, peripherally-acting opioid agonist and muscarinic antagonist, with potential visceral analgesic activity. Upon oral administration of GIC-1001, this agent may exert its therapeutic effects through the potential mechanisms of action for the trimebutine and sulfonate moieties: The trimebutine moiety can act as a motility enhancer in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, as an antispasmodic agent to reduce colonic spasms, as an agonist of colonic mu and kappa opioid receptors, which could provide an analgesic effect, and blocks sodium channels and the release of a variety of GI peptides, which modulates the activity of visceral afferents. The sulfonate moiety releases hydrogen sulfide (H2S), which is involved, through an as of yet not fully elucidated mechanism of action, in the modulation of visceral perception and pain, possibly through the activation of ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) ion channels and mu opioid receptors. Altogether, administration of this agent may both facilitate the insertion of the colonoscope during a colonoscopy and reduce colonic spasms and pain."]], ["Ravoxertinib", "CN1C(=CC=N1)NC2=NC=CC(=N2)C3=CC(=O)N(C=C3)[C@H](CO)C4=CC(=C(C=C4)Cl)F", ["Ravoxertinib is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01875705 (A Dose-Escalation Study of GDC-0994 in Patients With Locally Advanced or Metastatic Solid Tumors).", "Ravoxertinib is an orally available inhibitor of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, ravoxertinib inhibits both ERK phosphorylation and activation of ERK-mediated signal transduction pathways. This prevents ERK-dependent tumor cell proliferation and survival. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/ERK pathway is upregulated in a variety of tumor cell types and plays a key role in tumor cell proliferation, differentiation and survival."]], ["1H-Pyrazole-1-ethanol, 4-((5-((2,6-difluoro-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methoxy)-2-pyrimidinyl)amino)-", "COC1=CC(=C(C(=C1F)COC2=CN=C(N=C2)NC3=CN(N=C3)CCO)F)OC", ["FGFR Inhibitor ASP5878 is an orally bioavailable inhibitor of the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, FGFR inhibitor ASP5878 binds to and inhibits FGFR, which results in the inhibition of FGFR-mediated signal transduction pathways. This inhibits proliferation in FGFR-overexpressing tumor cells. FGFR, a family of receptor tyrosine kinases upregulated in many tumor cell types, plays a key role in cellular proliferation and survival."]], ["rac Nebivolol-d4 Hydrochloride", "[2H]C([2H])([C@@H]([C@H]1CCC2=C(O1)C=CC(=C2)F)O)NC([2H])([2H])[C@@H]([C@@H]3CCC4=C(O3)C=CC(=C4)F)O", ["Nebivolol is a beta-blocker and antihypertensive medication that has additional vasodilatory activity mediated by nitric oxide release. Nebivolol has yet to be linked to instances of clinically apparent liver injury.", "Nebivolol is a beta-1 adrenergic receptor antagonist with antihypertensive and vasodilatory activity. Nebivolol binds to and blocks the beta-1 adrenergic receptors in the heart, thereby decreasing cardiac contractility and rate. This leads to a reduction in cardiac output and lowers blood pressure. In addition, nebivolol potentiates nitric oxide (NO), thereby relaxing vascular smooth muscle and exerting a vasodilatory effect.", "A cardioselective ADRENERGIC BETA-1 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST (beta-blocker) that functions as a VASODILATOR through the endothelial L-arginine/ NITRIC OXIDE system. It is used to manage HYPERTENSION and chronic HEART FAILURE in elderly patients."]], ["Tazemetostat hydrobromide", "CCN(C1CCOCC1)C2=CC(=CC(=C2C)C(=O)NCC3=C(C=C(NC3=O)C)C)C4=CC=C(C=C4)CN5CCOCC5.Br", ["Tazemetostat Hydrobromide is the hydrobromide salt form of tazemetostat, an orally available, small molecule selective and S-adenosyl methionine (SAM) competitive inhibitor of histone methyl transferase EZH2, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, tazemetostat selectively inhibits the activity of both wild-type and mutated forms of EZH2. Inhibition of EZH2 specifically prevents the methylation of histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27). This decrease in histone methylation alters gene expression patterns associated with cancer pathways and results in decreased tumor cell proliferation in EZH2 mutated cancer cells. EZH2, which belongs to the class of histone methyltransferases (HMTs), is overexpressed or mutated in a variety of cancer cells and plays a key role in tumor cell proliferation."]], ["4-(6-(4-(Morpholine-4-carbonyl)phenyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-yl)benzonitrile", "C1COCCN1C(=O)C2=CC=C(C=C2)C3=CN4C(=NC=C4C5=CC=C(C=C5)C#N)C=C3", ["MNK1/2 Inhibitor ETC-1907206 is a selective mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-interacting protein kinase (MNK) types 1/2 inhibitor with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, MNK1/2 inhibitor ETC-1907206 may inhibit MNK1/2-dependent phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) and interfere with its role in mRNA translation. eIF4E is an oncoprotein that must be phosphorylated before it can promote the proliferation and progression of tumor cells. MNKs are a family of serine/threonine kinases that have been implicated in oncogenic transformation and tumor progression."]], ["CID 71767809", "CCOC(=O)C1=CC(=C(N=C1)NC2CCCCC2)NCC3=CC=CC=C3", ["PXT 3003 is in phase 3 clinical trials for the treatment of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A in adults."]], ["Clindamycinpalmitatehydrochloride", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@H]([C@H](O[C@@H]1SC)[C@H]([C@@H](C)Cl)NC(=O)[C@@H]2C[C@H](CN2C)CCC)O)O.Cl", ["Clindamycin Palmitate Hydrochloride is the palmitate hydrochloride form of clindamycin, a semi-synthetic, chlorinated broad spectrum antibiotic produced by chemical modification of lincomycin. Clindamycin palmitate hydrochloride is used for oral suspension."]], ["N''-[(1S,2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3-[(diaminomethylidene)amino]-4-{[(2R,3R,4R,5S)-3-{[(2S,3S,4S,5R,6S)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-(methylamino)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-4-hydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)-5-methyloxolan-2-yl]oxy}-2,5,6-trihydroxycyclohexyl]guanidine; sulfuric acid", "C[C@H]1[C@@]([C@H]([C@@H](O1)O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]2O)O)N=C(N)N)O)N=C(N)N)O[C@H]3[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O3)CO)O)O)NC)(CO)O.OS(=O)(=O)O", ["Dihydrostreptomycin Sulfate is a semi-synthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic with bactericidal properties. Dihydrostreptomycin sulfate inhibits protein synthesis by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit. This antibiotic is active against most gram-positive and gram-negative organisms and is used in the treatment of tuberculosis and tulemia.", "A semi-synthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic that is used in the treatment of TUBERCULOSIS."]], ["cobalt(3+);[5-(5,6-dimethylbenzimidazol-1-yl)-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl] 1-[3-[(5Z,10Z,14Z)-2,13,18-tris(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-7,12,17-tris(3-amino-3-oxopropyl)-3,5,8,8,13,15,18,19-octamethyl-1,2,7,12,17,23-hexahydrocorrin-3-yl]propanoylamino]propan-2-yl phosphate;molecular hydrogen;hydroxide;hydrochloride", "[HH].CC1=CC2=C(C=C1C)N(C=N2)C3C(C(C(O3)CO)OP(=O)([O-])OC(C)CNC(=O)CCC4(C(C5C6(C(C(C(=N6)/C(=C\\7/C(C(/C(=C/C8=N/C(=C(\\C4=N5)/C)/C(C8(C)C)CCC(=O)N)/N7)CCC(=O)N)(C)CC(=O)N)/C)CCC(=O)N)(C)CC(=O)N)C)CC(=O)N)C)O.[OH-].Cl.[Co+3]", ["Hydroxocobalamin is a synthetic form of vitamin B12 that can be used as a dietary supplement to treat vitamin B12 deficiency. Upon administration, hydroxocobalamin mimics vitamin B12 and acts as an essential cofactor in various cellular reactions required for cell growth and replication, and hematopoiesis.", "Injectable form of VITAMIN B 12 that has been used therapeutically to treat VITAMIN B 12 DEFICIENCY."]], ["2-[Bis[2-[carboxymethyl-[2-(methylamino)-2-oxoethyl]amino]ethyl]amino]acetic acid;gadolinium;hydrate", "CNC(=O)CN(CCN(CCN(CC(=O)NC)CC(=O)O)CC(=O)O)CC(=O)O.O.[Gd]", ["Gadodiamide is a paramagnetic gadolinium-based contrast agent (GBCA), with imaging activity upon magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). When placed in a magnetic field, gadodiamide generates a large local magnetic field, which can enhance the relaxation rate of nearby protons. This change in proton relaxation dynamics, iincreases the MRI signal intensity of tissues in which gadodiamide has accumulated; therefore, visualization of those tissues is enhanced."]], ["Omaveloxolone", "C[C@@]12CC[C@]3(CCC(C[C@H]3[C@H]1C(=O)C=C4[C@]2(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(C=C(C(=O)C5(C)C)C#N)C)C)(C)C)NC(=O)C(C)(F)F", ["Omaveloxolone has been used in trials studying the treatment of Relapsed, Refractory Melanoma and Metastatic or Incurable Non-small Cell Lung Cancer.", "Omaveloxolone is a member of the synthetic oleanane triterpenoid class of compounds and an activator of nuclear factor erythroid 2 [NF-E2]-related factor 2 (Nrf2, Nfe2l2), with potential chemopreventive activity. Upon administration, omaveloxolone activates the cytoprotective transcription factor Nrf2. In turn, Nrf2 translocates to the nucleus, dimerizes with a small Maf protein (sMaf), and binds to the antioxidant response element (ARE). This induces the expression of a number of cytoprotective genes, including NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), sulfiredoxin 1 (Srxn1), heme oxygenase-1 (HO1, HMOX1), superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), thioredoxin reductase-1 (TXNRD1), glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (Gclc) and glutamate-cysteine ligase regulatory subunit (Gclm), and increases the synthesis of the antioxidant glutathione (GSH). Nrf2, a leucine zipper transcription factor, plays a key role in the maintenance of redox balance and cytoprotection against oxidative stress."]], ["Atogepant", "C[C@@H]1[C@@H](C[C@@H](C(=O)N1CC(F)(F)F)NC(=O)C2=CC3=C(C[C@@]4(C3)C5=C(NC4=O)N=CC=C5)N=C2)C6=C(C=CC(=C6F)F)F", ["Atogepant is an oral antagonist of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptors indicated for the prevention of episodic migraine headaches.  It was developed by AbbVie and received FDA approval under the brand name Qulipta in September 2021. While its approval was predated by two other members of the same drug family, namely [ubrogepant] and [rimegepant], these agents are indicated only for abortive migraine therapy - atogepant is novel in that it is the first and only oral CGRP antagonist approved for preventative use in migraine.  In patients requiring preventative migraine therapy, current practice guidelines recommend the use of certain anti-epileptic medications (e.g. [valproic acid] or [topiramate]) or beta-blockers (e.g. [propranolol]), all of which can be associated with significant adverse effects. The \"gepants\" family of drugs, including atogepant, are comparatively well-tolerated and may provide a desirable treatment option for patients struggling with adverse reactions to other preventative therapies.", "Atogepant is a Calcitonin Gene-related Peptide Receptor Antagonist. The mechanism of action of atogepant is as a Calcitonin Gene-related Peptide Receptor Antagonist."]], ["Asciminib", "C1CN(C[C@@H]1O)C2=C(C=C(C=N2)C(=O)NC3=CC=C(C=C3)OC(F)(F)Cl)C4=CC=NN4", ["Asciminib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) used in the treatment of chronic-phase Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myeloid leukemia (Ph+ CML). More specifically, it is an inhibitor of the ABL1 kinase activity of the BCR-ABL1 fusion protein which serves as a driver of CML proliferation in most patients with the disease. It has also shown benefit in Ph+ CML with the T315I mutation, which produces a mutant BCR-ABL1 which is typically treatment-resistant as compared to wild-type BCR-ABL1.  Existing inhibitors of ABL compete at the ATP binding sites of these proteins and can be classified into those that target the active conformation of the kinase domain ([dasatinib], [bosutinib]) and those that target the inactive kinase domain ([imatinib], [nilotinib], [ponatinib]). Asciminib is unique in that it acts as an allosteric inhibitor, binding at the myristoyl pocket of the BCR-ABL1 protein and locking it into an inactive conformation.  Asciminib received FDA approval on October 29, 2021 (Scemblix, Novartis AG).", "Asciminib is an orally bioavailable, allosteric Bcr-Abl1 tyrosine kinase inhibitor, with antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, asciminib targets and binds to the myristoyl pocket of the Bcr-Abl1 fusion protein at a location that is distinct from the ATP-binding domain, thereby inhibiting the activity of both wild-type Bcr-Abl and certain mutation forms, including the T315I mutation. This binding results in the inhibition of Bcr-Abl1-mediated proliferation and enhanced apoptosis of Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph+) hematological malignancies. The Bcr-Abl1 fusion protein tyrosine kinase is an abnormal enzyme produced by leukemia cells that contain the Philadelphia chromosome."]], ["(R)-5-((4-((morpholin-2-ylmethyl)amino)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)amino)pyrazine-2-carbonitrile", "C1CO[C@H](CN1)CNC2=CC(=NC=C2C(F)(F)F)NC3=NC=C(N=C3)C#N", ["Chk1 Inhibitor SRA737 is an orally bioavailable inhibitor of checkpoint kinase 1 (chk1), with potential antineoplastic and chemosensitization activities. Upon oral administration, chk1 inhibitor SRA737 selectively binds to chk1, thereby preventing chk1 activity and abrogating the repair of damaged DNA. This may lead to an accumulation of damaged DNA, inhibition of cell cycle arrest, and induction of apoptosis. SRA737 may potentiate the cytotoxicity of DNA-damaging agents and reverse tumor cell resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. Chk1, an adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-dependent serine/threonine kinase overexpressed in a variety of cancer cell types, mediates cell cycle checkpoint control and is essential for DNA repair; it plays a key role in resistance to chemotherapeutic agents by repairing DNA damage."]], ["8-[(2S)-1-[[6-(4,6-dideuterio-2-methylpyrimidin-5-yl)pyrimidin-4-yl]amino]propan-2-yl]-N-methylquinoline-4-carboxamide", "[2H]C1=C(C(=NC(=N1)C)[2H])C2=CC(=NC=N2)NC[C@@H](C)C3=CC=CC4=C(C=CN=C43)C(=O)NC", ["DNA-dependent Protein Kinase Inhibitor VX-984 is an ATP-competitive inhibitor of the catalytic subunit of DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK), with potential sensitizing and enhancing activities for both chemo- and radiotherapies. Upon administration, DNA-PK inhibitor VX-984 binds to and inhibits the catalytic subunit of DNA-PK, thereby interfering with the non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) process and preventing repair of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) caused by ionizing radiation or chemotherapeutic treatment. This increases chemo- and radiotherapy cytotoxicity and leads to enhanced tumor cell death. The enhanced ability of tumor cells to repair DSBs plays a major role in the resistance of tumor cells to chemo- and radiotherapy; DNA-PK plays a key role in the NHEJ pathway and DSB repair."]], ["Benzamide, 4-(4-(((6-methoxy-2-(2-methoxyimidazo(2,1-b)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-6-yl)-4-benzofuranyl)oxy)methyl)-2-thiazolyl)-N,N-dimethyl-", "CN(C)C(=O)C1=CC=C(C=C1)C2=NC(=CS2)COC3=CC(=CC4=C3C=C(O4)C5=CN6C(=N5)SC(=N6)OC)OC", ["BMS-986141 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02985632 (A Study to Evaluate the Pharmacokinetics of BMS-986141 in Participants With Hepatic Impairment Compared to Healthy Participants)."]], ["N-[4-[(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl]phenyl]-4-(7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-ylamino)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide", "CN1CCN(CC1)CC2=CC=C(C=C2)NC(=O)C3=C(C=NN3)NC4=NC=NC5=C4C=CN5", ["CDK2/4/6/FLT3 Inhibitor FN-1501 is a small molecule multi-kinase inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) subtypes 2 (CDK2), 4 (CDK4), and 6 (CDK6) and FMS-related tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3, FLK2, STK1), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon intravenous administration, CDK2/4/6/FLT3 inhibitor FN-1501 binds to and inhibits CDK2, CDK4, and CDK6, as well as FLT3. This may induce apoptosis and inhibit tumor cell proliferation in cancer cells that overexpress these kinases. CDKs are serine/threonine kinases that assist in cell cycle regulation and cellular proliferation. FLT3, a class III tyrosine kinase receptor, is overexpressed or mutated in many cancer types."]], ["Isavuconazonium sulfate", "C[C@@H](C1=NC(=CS1)C2=CC=C(C=C2)C#N)[C@](CN3C=[N+](C=N3)C(C)OC(=O)N(C)C4=C(C=CC=N4)COC(=O)CNC)(C5=C(C=CC(=C5)F)F)O.OS(=O)(=O)[O-]", ["Isavuconazonium sulfate is an azaheterocycle sulfate salt that is a prodrug for isavuconazole, an antifungal agent used for the treatment of invasive aspergillosis and invasive mucormycosis. It has a role as a prodrug, an ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitor, an EC 1.14.13.70 (sterol 14alpha-demethylase) inhibitor and an orphan drug. It is an azaheterocycle sulfate salt, a triazole antifungal drug and a conazole antifungal drug. It contains an isavuconazonium.", "Isavuconazonium Sulfate is the sulfate ester form of isavuconazonium, a prodrug of the triazole antifungal agent isavuconazole, with broad-spectrum antifungal activity. Upon administration, isavuconazonium sulfate is hydrolyzed by plasma esterases to yield the active moiety isavuconazole. Isavuconazole binds to and inhibits the fungal cytochrome P450 family enzyme lanosterol 14-alpha-demethylase (CYP51), which catalyzes the demethylation of lanosterol to yield ergosterol, an important component of the fungal cell membrane. Inhibition of CYP51 leads to a decrease in fungal ergosterol production and disrupts synthesis of the fungal cell membrane, which decreases membrane integrity, increases cell membrane permeability and promotes the loss of essential intracellular elements. This results in fungal cell lysis and death."]], ["Taletrectinib (free base)", "C[C@H](COC1=CC=C(C=C1)C2=CN=C3N2N=C(C=C3)N[C@H](C)C4=CC(=CC=C4)F)N", ["Taletrectinib is an orally available inhibitor of the receptor tyrosine kinases C-ros oncogene 1 (ROS1) and the neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase (NTRK) types 1, 2 and 3, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, taletrectinib binds to and inhibits ROS1 and the NTRK family members. This inhibition leads to a disruption of ROS1- and NTRK-mediated signaling and eventually inhibits the growth of tumor cells that are overexpressing ROS1 and/or NTRKs. ROS1, overexpressed in certain cancer cells, plays a key role in cell growth and survival of cancer cells. NTRK mutations or rearrangements play a key role in cancer progression."]], ["Bozitinib", "CN1C=C2C=C(C(=CC2=N1)F)C(C3=NN=C4N3N=C(C=C4)C5=CN(N=C5)C6CC6)(F)F", ["Vebreltinib is an orally bioavailable inhibitor of the proto-oncogene c-Met (hepatocyte growth factor receptor; HGFR) with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, vebreltinib selectively binds to c-Met, thereby inhibiting c-Met phosphorylation and disrupting c-Met signal transduction pathways. This may induce cell death in tumor cells overexpressing or expressing constitutively activated c-Met protein. c-Met, a receptor tyrosine kinase overexpressed or mutated in many tumor cell types, plays key roles in tumor cell proliferation, survival, invasion, metastasis, and tumor angiogenesis."]], ["Vecabrutinib", "C1C[C@H](C(=O)N(C1)[C@H]2CN(CC[C@@H]2C(=O)N)C3=NC=NC(=C3F)N)NC4=CC(=CC(=C4)C(F)(F)F)Cl", ["Vecabrutinib is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03037645 (Safety, PK, PD, and Antitumor Activity of Vecabrutinib (SNS-062) in B Lymphoid Cancers).", "Vecabrutinib is an orally available second-generation, reversible inhibitor of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK; Bruton agammaglobulinemia tyrosine kinase), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, vecabrutinib non-covalently binds to and inhibits the activity of both wild-type and the C481S mutated form of BTK, a resistance mutation in the BTK active site in which cysteine is substituted for serine at residue 481. This prevents the activation of the B-cell antigen receptor (BCR) signaling pathway and BTK-mediated activation of downstream survival pathways. This leads to an inhibition of the growth of malignant B-cells that overexpress BTK. Compared to other BTK inhibitors, SNS-062 does not require interaction with the BTK C481 site and inhibits the proliferation of cells harboring the BTK C481S mutation. Other irreversible BTK inhibitors covalently bind to the C481 site to inhibit BTK's activity; the C481S mutation prevents that binding. BTK, a member of the Src-related BTK/Tec family of cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases, is overexpressed in B-cell malignancies; it plays an important role in the development, activation, signaling, proliferation and survival of B-lymphocytes."]], ["Guretolimod", "CCC[C@@H](CCO)NC1=NC(=NC(=C1CC2=C(C=C(C=C2)CN(CC(=O)O)CC(F)(F)F)OC)C)N", ["Guretolimod is a synthetic, small molecule, toll-like receptor (TLR) 7 agonist, with potential immunostimulatory and antineoplastic activities. Upon intravenous administration, guretolimod activates TLR7, resulting in type I interferon secretion and activation of  cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL)-mediated anti-tumor immune responses. TLR7 is a member of the TLR family, which plays a fundamental role in pathogen recognition and activation of innate immunity."]], ["Unii-rca38L4HB5", "COC(=O)NC1=NC=C(C(=C1)C(F)(F)F)C2=NN3C=C(C=C3C(=N2)N4CCOCC4)CN5CCN(CC5)S(=O)(=O)C", ["PI3Kalpha Inhibitor CYH33 is an orally bioavailable selective inhibitor of the class I phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PI3K) catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, PI3Kalpha inhibitor CYH33 selectively targets, binds to and inhibits wild-type PIK3CA and its mutated forms, in the PI3K/Akt (protein kinase B) /mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. This results in both apoptosis and growth inhibition in PIK3CA-expressing tumor cells. By specifically targeting PIK3CA, this agent may be more efficacious and less toxic than pan-PI3K inhibitors. Dysregulation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway is often found in solid tumors and results in the promotion of tumor cell growth, survival, and resistance to chemo- and radio-therapy. PIK3CA, one of the most frequently mutated oncogenes, encodes the p110-alpha catalytic subunit of the class I PI3K."]], ["Taletrectinib", "C[C@H](COC1=CC=C(C=C1)C2=CN=C3N2N=C(C=C3)N[C@H](C)C4=CC(=CC=C4)F)N.C(CCC(=O)O)CC(=O)O", ["Taletrectinib Adipate is the adiptate form of taletrectinib, a n orally available inhibitor of the receptor tyrosine kinases C-ros oncogene 1 (ROS1) and the neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase (NTRK) types 1, 2 and 3, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, taletrectinib binds to and inhibits ROS1 and the NTRK family members. This inhibition leads to a disruption of ROS1- and NTRK-mediated signaling and eventually inhibits the growth of tumor cells that are overexpressing ROS1 and/or NTRKs. ROS1, overexpressed in certain cancer cells, plays a key role in cell growth and survival of cancer cells. NTRK mutations or rearrangements play a key role in cancer progression."]], ["Afabicin", "CC1=C(OC2=CC=CC=C12)CN(C)C(=O)/C=C/C3=CC4=C(N=C3)N(C(=O)CC4)COP(=O)(O)O", ["Afabicin is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03723551 (Study to Assess Safety, Tolerability and Efficacy of Afabicin in The Treatment of Participants With Bone or Joint Infection Due to Staphylococcus)."]], ["Nazartinib", "CC1=NC=CC(=C1)C(=O)NC2=NC3=C(N2[C@@H]4CCCCN(C4)C(=O)/C=C/CN(C)C)C(=CC=C3)Cl", ["Nazartinib is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03529084 (Phase III Study of Nazartinib (EGF816) Versus Erlotinib/gefitinib in First-line Locally Advanced / Metastatic NSCLC With EGFR Activating Mutations).", "Nazartinib is an orally available, irreversible, third-generation, mutant-selective epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, nazartinib covalently binds to and inhibits the activity of mutant forms of EGFR, including the T790M EGFR mutant, thereby preventing EGFR-mediated signaling. This may both induce cell death and inhibit tumor growth in EGFR-overexpressing tumor cells. EGFR, a receptor tyrosine kinase mutated in many tumor cell types, plays a key role in tumor cell proliferation and tumor vascularization. EGF816 preferentially inhibits mutated forms of EGFR including T790M, a secondarily acquired resistance mutation, and may have therapeutic benefits in tumors with T790M-mediated resistance when compared to other EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors. As this agent is selective towards mutant forms of EGFR, its toxicity profile may be reduced as compared to non-selective EGFR inhibitors which also inhibit wild-type EGFR."]], ["SHR-1258 dimaleate", "CCOC1=C(C=C2C(=C(C=NC2=C1)C#N)NC3=CC(=C(C=C3)OCC4=CC=CC=N4)Cl)NC(=O)/C=C/[C@@H]5N(CCC5)C.C(=C\\C(=O)O)\\C(=O)O.C(=C\\C(=O)O)\\C(=O)O", ["Pyrotinib Dimaleate is the dimaleate ester of pyrotinib, an orally bioavailable, dual kinase inhibitor of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR, ErbB1 or HER-1) and the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (ErbB2 or HER-2), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, pyrotinib binds to and inhibits both EGFR and HER2, which may result in the inhibition of tumor growth and angiogenesis, and tumor regression in EGFR/HER2-expressing tumor cells. EGFR and HER2 are receptor tyrosine kinases that are upregulated in various tumor cell types and play major roles in tumor cell proliferation and tumor vascularization."]], ["(2S)-3,4-Dihydro-6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-N-(3R)-3-piperidinyl-2H-1-benzopyran-2-carboxamide", "CC1=C(C2=C(CC[C@@](O2)(C)C(=O)N[C@@H]3CCCNC3)C(=C1O)C)C", ["Sonlicromanol is under investigation in clinical trial NCT04165239 (The KHENERGYZE Study)."]], ["Bombesin (68Ga)", "C[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CN=CN1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)[C@H](CC(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC2=CNC3=CC=CC=C32)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)N)NC(=O)[C@@H](CC4=CC=CC=C4)NC(=O)CN5CCC(CC5)NC(=O)CN6CCN(CCN(CCN(CC6)CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-].[68Ga+3]", ["Gallium Ga 68-labeled RM2 is a radioconjugate containing a synthetic bombesin receptor antagonist targeting the gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR), that is linked by the macrocyclic chelator 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA) to the radionuclide gallium (Ga) 68, with potential use in diagnostic imaging using positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT). Upon administration of gallium Ga 68 GRPR antagonist BAY86-7548, the peptide moiety targets and binds to GRPR. Upon PET/CT, GRPR-expressing tumor cells can then be visualized. GRPR, also called bombesin receptor 2 (BB2), is a G protein-coupled seven-transmembrane receptor belonging to the bombesin receptor family. It is overexpressed in certain types of cancers."]], ["(6R,7R,10R,11R,12E,17E,19E,21S)-6-[2-(diethylamino)ethylsulfonyl]-21-hydroxy-11,19-dimethyl-10-propan-2-yl-9,26-dioxa-3,15,28-triazatricyclo[23.2.1.03,7]octacosa-1(27),12,17,19,25(28)-pentaene-2,8,14,23-tetrone", "CCN(CC)CCS(=O)(=O)[C@@H]1CCN2[C@@H]1C(=O)O[C@@H]([C@@H](/C=C/C(=O)NC/C=C/C(=C/[C@H](CC(=O)CC3=NC(=CO3)C2=O)O)/C)C)C(C)C", ["Dalfopristin is a semi-synthetic derivative of streptogramin A produced by streptomycetes. Dalfopristin inhibits the early phase of protein synthesis in the bacterial ribosome by binding to the 70S subunit, and also alters the configuration of the ribosome to make it more susceptible for streptogramin B binding. Dalfopristin is used in combination with quinopristin, a streptogramin B derivative. This combination is active against most gram-positive organisms, including Enterococcus faecium, and is also active against some gram-negative organisms and mycoplasma."]], ["Squalamine lactate hydrate", "C[C@H](CC[C@H](C(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)O)[C@H]1CC[C@@H]2[C@@]1(CC[C@H]3[C@H]2[C@@H](C[C@@H]4[C@@]3(CC[C@@H](C4)NCCCNCCCCN)C)O)C.C[C@@H](C(=O)O)O.O", ["Squalamine Lactate is the lactate salt form of squalamine, an aminosterol isolated from tissues of the dogfish shark Squalus acanthias.  Possessing anti-angiogenic properties, squalamine inhibits the sodium-hydrogen exchanger NHE3, resulting in suppression of endothelial cell proliferation and migration.  This agent also has broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties. (NCI04)"]], ["Harvoni", "C[C@@H](C(=O)OC(C)C)N[P@@](=O)(OC[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@@]([C@@H](O1)N2C=CC(=O)NC2=O)(C)F)O)OC3=CC=CC=C3.CC(C)[C@@H](C(=O)N1CC2(CC2)C[C@H]1C3=NC=C(N3)C4=CC5=C(C=C4)C6=C(C5(F)F)C=C(C=C6)C7=CC8=C(C=C7)N=C(N8)[C@@H]9[C@H]1CC[C@H](C1)N9C(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)OC)NC(=O)OC", ["Harvoni is a prescription medicine approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus infection (HCV) in adults and in children 3 years of age and older who meet specific requirements, as determined by a health care provider."]], ["Abivertinib", "CN1CCN(CC1)C2=C(C=C(C=C2)NC3=NC4=C(C=CN4)C(=N3)OC5=CC=CC(=C5)NC(=O)C=C)F", ["Abivertinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor targeted against mutant forms of both human epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK). It has been investigated for use in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and B-cell malignancies. In binding to and inhibiting EGFR and BTK receptors, abivertinib exerts immunomodulatory effects by preventing the production and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g. TNF-alpha, interleukins).  Abivertinib's potential to depress cytokine production has led to its investigation in the treatment of hospitalized patients with moderate-to-severe COVID-19. The cytokine storm associated with COVID-19 is thought to contribute to disease progression and is associated with poor outcomes in patients - as abivertinib inhibits the release of multiple cytokines at once, it may provide more pronounced clinical benefits as compared to agents targeting single pathways (e.g. interleukin-6 inhibitors). The study is expected to be completed in March 2021.", "Abivertinib is an orally available, irreversible, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutant-selective inhibitor, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, abivertinib covalently binds to and inhibits the activity of mutant forms of EGFR, including the drug-resistant T790M EGFR mutant, which prevents signaling mediated by mutant forms of EGFR. This may both induce cell death and inhibit tumor growth in EGFR-mutated tumor cells. EGFR, a receptor tyrosine kinase that is mutated in a variety of cancers, plays a key role in tumor cell proliferation and tumor vascularization. As this agent is selective towards mutant forms of EGFR, its toxicity profile may be reduced when compared to non-selective EGFR inhibitors, which also inhibit wild-type EGFR."]], ["Simmiparib", "CC1CN(CC2=NN=C(N12)C(F)(F)F)C(=O)C3=C(C=CC(=C3)CC4=NNC(=O)C5=CC=CC=C54)F", ["Simmiparib is an orally bioavailable inhibitor of the nuclear enzyme poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) 1 (PARP1) and 2 (PARP2), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, simmiparib selectively binds to PARP and prevents PARP-mediated DNA repair of breaks in single-stranded DNA via the base excision repair pathway. This induces the accumulation of DNA strand breaks, promotes genomic instability, induces G2/M arrest and leads to apoptosis. PARP is activated by single-strand DNA breaks and catalyzes post-translational ADP-ribosylation of nuclear proteins, which signal and recruit other proteins to repair damaged DNA."]], ["ethyl 4-[3-[3-(N'-hydroxycarbamimidoyl)phenyl]-2-[[2,4,6-tri(propan-2-yl)phenyl]sulfonylamino]propanoyl]piperazine-1-carboxylate", "CCOC(=O)N1CCN(CC1)C(=O)C(CC2=CC(=CC=C2)C(=NO)N)NS(=O)(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3C(C)C)C(C)C)C(C)C", ["Upamostat is an orally bioavailable, 3-amidinophenylalanine-derived, second generation serine protease inhibitor prodrug targeting the human urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) system with potential antineoplastic and antimetastatic activities. After oral administration, upamostat is converted to the active N alpha-(2,4,6-triisopropylphenylsulfonyl)-3-amidino-(L)-phenylalanine-4-ethoxycarbonylpiperazide (WX-UK1), which inhibits several serine proteases, particularly uPA; inhibition of uPA may result in the inhibition of tumor growth and metastasis. uPA is a serine protease involved in degradation of the extracellular matrix and tumor cell migration and proliferation."]], ["N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-((6-methoxy-5-methylpyrimidin-4-yl)methyl)-6-methyl-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyridine-3-carboxamide", "CC1=CC2=C(C(=CN2CC3=C(C(=NC=N3)OC)C)C(=O)NCCO)N=C1", ["TBA-7371 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT04176250 (Early Bactericidal Activity of TBA-7371 in Pulmonary Tuberculosis)."]], ["Iberdomide hydrochloride", "C1CC(=O)NC(=O)[C@H]1N2CC3=C(C2=O)C=CC=C3OCC4=CC=C(C=C4)CN5CCOCC5.Cl", ["Iberdomide Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of iberdomide, a modulator of the E3 ubiquitin ligase complex containing cereblon (CRL4-CRBN E3 ubiquitin ligase), with potential immunomodulating and pro-apoptotic activities. Upon administration, iberdomide specifically binds to the cereblon (CRBN) part of the ligase complex, thereby affecting the ubiquitin E3 ligase activity, and targeting certain substrate proteins for ubiquitination. This induces the proteasome-mediated degradation of certain transcription factors, including Ikaros (IKZF1) and Aiolos (IKZF3) which are transcriptional repressors in T-cells. This leads to a reduction of their protein levels, and the modulation of the immune system, including activation of T-lymphocytes. In addition, this leads to a downregulation of other proteins, including interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4), which plays a key role in the proliferation of certain cancer cell types. CRBN, the substrate recognition component of the E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, plays a key role in the ubiquitination of certain proteins."]], ["Propan-2-yl 2-[[2-[2-(4-fluorophenyl)ethyl]-5-[[4-(pyridine-3-carbonylsulfanyl)pyrrolidin-2-yl]methylamino]benzoyl]amino]-4-methylsulfanylbutanoate", "CC(C)OC(=O)C(CCSC)NC(=O)C1=C(C=CC(=C1)NCC2CC(CN2)SC(=O)C3=CN=CC=C3)CCC4=CC=C(C=C4)F", ["AZD3409 is a farnesyl-transferase inhibitor (FAR) indicated for the treatment of solid tumors. Phase I trials were initiated January 2003, and were ongoing as of February 2004. As of February 2007 the development of AZD3409 had been discontinued."]], ["Magnesium silicate", "[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Mg+2].[Si+4]", ["Magnesium silicate is a compound of magnesium oxide and silicon. It is the magnesium salt of silicic acid containing an unspecified amount of water. The molecular formula can be expressed more clearly as MgSiO3.xH2O. It is known as talc and it presents many uses in the cosmetic industry, food industry and pharmaceutical industry. Under the FDA, magnesium silicate is determined as a member of the substances generally recognized as safe (GRAS) to be used as an anticaking agent."]], ["Aluminum zirconium pentachlorohydrex Gly", "C(C(=O)O)N.O.[OH-].[Al+3].[Cl-].[Zr+4]", ["Aluminum zirconium trichlorohydrex gly is a common active ingredient in deodorant and antiperspirant products for the over-the-counter use. It is consisted of a mixture of monomeric and polymeric Zr4+ and Al3+ complexes with hydroxide, chloride and glycine. The compound forms a colloidal plug in sweat pores, preventing sweat from leaving the body.", "Aluminum zirconium tetrachlorohydrex gly is a common active ingredient in personal care products as an antiperspirant agent. Its main mechanism of action is through blocking the pores via formation of polymer complex and preventing sweat from leaving the body.", "Aluminum zirconium pentachlorohydrex gly, or Aluminum Zirconium Tetrachlorohydrex Glycine, is commonly used as an antiperspirant in many deodorant products. It is a coordination complex of Aluminum Zirconium pentachlorohydrate and glycine. Its anhydrous form allows the molecule to absorb moisture."]], ["NeoSpect", "CC(C)[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N([C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N1)CCCCN)CC2=CNC3=CC=CC=C32)CC4=CC=C(C=C4)O)CC5=CC=CC=C5)C)CCSCC(=O)NC[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N)N.[Tc]", ["Technetium tc-99m depreotide is a Radioactive Diagnostic Agent. The mechanism of action of technetium tc-99m depreotide is as a Radiopharmaceutical Activity."]], ["Technetium (99Mtc) Apcitide", "CC(=O)NCSC[C@@H](C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CSCNC(=O)C)C(=NCC(=NCC(=N[C@@H](C[S-])C(=O)N)[O-])[O-])[O-])NC(=O)CNC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@@H]1CSCC(=O)N[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N1)CC(=O)[O-])CSCCCN)CC2=CC=C(C=C2)O.[O-2].[Na+].[99Tc+5]", ["Technetium Tc-99m Apcitide is a radioconjugate comprised of the small peptide apcitide labeled with the gamma-emitting technetium TC99m (metastable Tc-99). Apcitide binds to platelet glycoprotein (GP) GPIIb/IIIa receptors on the surface of activated platelets. Labeling apcitide with TC99m allows localization of thrombus formation by gamma-ray imaging equipment and the ability to distinguish between old, inactive thrombi and new, active thrombi."]], ["Imetelstat", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)NCC(COP(=S)(O)OC[C@@H]1[C@H](C[C@@H](O1)N2C=C(C(=O)NC2=O)C)NP(=S)(O)OC[C@@H]3[C@H](C[C@@H](O3)N4C=NC5=C(N=CN=C54)N)NP(=S)(O)OC[C@@H]6[C@H](C[C@@H](O6)N7C=NC8=C7N=C(NC8=O)N)NP(=S)(O)OC[C@@H]9[C@H](C[C@@H](O9)N1C=NC2=C1N=C(NC2=O)N)NP(=S)(O)OC[C@@H]1[C@H](C[C@@H](O1)N1C=NC2=C1N=C(NC2=O)N)NP(=S)(O)OC[C@@H]1[C@H](C[C@@H](O1)N1C=C(C(=O)NC1=O)C)NP(=S)(O)OC[C@@H]1[C@H](C[C@@H](O1)N1C=C(C(=O)NC1=O)C)NP(=S)(O)OC[C@@H]1[C@H](C[C@@H](O1)N1C=NC2=C(N=CN=C21)N)NP(=S)(O)OC[C@@H]1[C@H](C[C@@H](O1)N1C=NC2=C1N=C(NC2=O)N)NP(=S)(O)OC[C@@H]1[C@H](C[C@@H](O1)N1C=NC2=C(N=CN=C21)N)NP(=S)(O)OC[C@@H]1[C@H](C[C@@H](O1)N1C=CC(=NC1=O)N)NP(=S)(O)OC[C@@H]1[C@H](C[C@@H](O1)N1C=NC2=C(N=CN=C21)N)NP(=S)(O)OC[C@@H]1[C@H](C[C@@H](O1)N1C=NC2=C(N=CN=C21)N)N)O", ["Imetelstat is a synthetic lipid-conjugated, 13-mer oligonucleotide N3'-P5'-thio-phosphoramidate with potential antineoplastic activity. Complementary to the template region of telomerase (hTR) RNA, imetelstat acts as a competitive enzyme inhibitor that binds and blocks the active site of the enzyme (a telomerase template antagonist), a mechanism of action which differs from that for the antisense oligonucleotide-mediated inhibition of telomerase activity through telomerase mRNA binding. Inhibition of telomerase activity in tumor cells by imetelstat results in telomere shortening, which leads to cell cycle arrest or apoptosis."]], ["5H-Benzo(4,5)cyclohepta(1,2-b)naphthalene-5,12-imine-6,11,13(12H)-trione, 14-methyl-", "CN1C2C3=CC=CC=C3C(=O)C1C4=C2C(=O)C5=CC=CC=C5C4=O", ["TU-100 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Abdominal Pain, Colonic Transit, Crohn's Disease, Rectal Sensation, and Gastric Emptying, among others."]], ["Umbralisib", "C[C@@H](C1=C(C(=O)C2=C(O1)C=CC(=C2)F)C3=CC(=CC=C3)F)N4C5=NC=NC(=C5C(=N4)C6=CC(=C(C=C6)OC(C)C)F)N", ["Marginal zone lymphoma is a rare, slowly progressing type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma initially treated with [rituximab] (an anti-CD20 drug), either alone or in combination with chemotherapy. Unfortunately, many patients experience a relapse or develop resistance to these drugs. Treatment options then become limited, and alternate treatments for the lymphoma are required to control disease progression. Follicular lymphoma is also treated with rituximab and other chemotherapeutic agents, but may show similar progression.  On February 5, 2021, the Food and Drug Administration granted accelerated approval to umbralisib, a kinase inhibitor for PI3K-delta and casein kinase CK1-epsilon, based on promising results from clinical trials. It was marketed as Ukoniq by TG Therapeutics and has been approved for the treatment of relapsing and refractory marginal cell lymphoma and follicular lymphoma in adults. Umbralisib inhibits casein kinase, a primary regulator of protein translation, kinase-1\u03b5, distinguishing it from other lymphoma treatments. While it initially offered a promising therapy for patients experiencing relapsing or refractory disease, umbralisib was withdrawn from the market due to safety concerns as the drug was associated with a possible increased risk of death outweighing the benefits.", "Umbralisib is a Kinase Inhibitor. The mechanism of action of umbralisib is as a Kinase Inhibitor.", "Umbralisib is an orally bioavailable, selective inhibitor of the delta isoform of the 110 kDa catalytic subunit of class I phosphoinositide-3 kinases (PI3K) with potential antineoplastic activity.  PI3K-delta inhibitor TGR-1202 inhibits PI3K and prevents the activation of the PI3K/AKT kinase signaling pathway. This decreases proliferation and induces cell death in susceptible tumor cells.  Unlike other isoforms of PI3K, PI3K-delta is expressed primarily in tumor cells and cells of the hematopoietic lineage. The targeted inhibition of PI3K-delta allows for PI3K signaling in normal, non-neoplastic cells. PI3K, an enzyme often overexpressed in cancer cells, plays a crucial role in tumor cell regulation and survival."]], ["2-[Bis(2-ethoxyethyl)phosphanyl]ethyl-bis(2-ethoxyethyl)phosphane;technetium", "CCOCCP(CCOCC)CCP(CCOCC)CCOCC.[Tc]", ["Technetium Tc-99m Tetrofosmin is a radiopharmaceutical consisting of tetrofosmin, composed of two bidentate diphosphine ligands chelating the metastable radioisotope technetium Tc-99 (99mTc), with potential imaging activity upon SPECT (single photon emission computed tomography). Upon administration, technetium Tc 99m tetrofosmin is preferentially taken up by, and accumulates in, myocardial cells. Upon imaging, myocardial cells can be visualized and changes in ischemia and/or perfusion can be detected."]], ["Gadofosveset trisodium", "C1CC(CCC1OP(=O)([O-])OCC(CN(CCN(CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])N(CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])(C2=CC=CC=C2)C3=CC=CC=C3.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Gd+3]", ["Gadofosveset trisodium is an intravenous contrast agent used with magnetic resonance angiography(MRA), which is a non-invasive way of imaging blood vessels. The agent allows for the vascular system to be imaged more clearly by the MRA. In this way, gadofosveset trisodium is used to help diagnose certain disorders of the heart and blood vessels.", "Gadofosveset Trisodium is the trisodium salt form of gadofosveset, an injectable, intravascular, amphiphilic gadolinium-based contrast agent (GBCA) used with magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) imaging. Gadofosveset is a stable gadolinium diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA) chelate derivative with a diphenylcyclohexylphosphate group. Upon injection, gadofosveset binds reversibly to endogenous serum albumin which increases its intravascular retention time compared to non-protein binding contrast agents. The serum albumin binding also increases T1-relaxivity of gadofosveset. This produces an increase in signal intensity of blood, thereby enhancing the visualization of blood vessels upon MRA and may aid in the diagnosis of certain blood vessels and heart disorders."]], ["CB-5083", "CC1=CC2=C(C=CC=C2N1C3=NC4=C(COCC4)C(=N3)NCC5=CC=CC=C5)C(=O)N", ["p97 Inhibitor CB-5083 is an orally bioavailable inhibitor of valosin-containing protein (VCP) p97, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, CB-5083 specifically binds to and inhibits the activity of p97. This prevents ubiquitin-dependent protein degradation and causes cellular accumulation of poly-ubiquitinated proteins. The inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated protein degradation activates the ER-dependent stress response pathway, and leads to both an induction of apoptosis and inhibition of cell proliferation in susceptible tumor cells. p97, a type II AAA ATPase, plays a key role in cellular protein homeostasis. Its overexpression in many tumor cell types is associated with increased tumor cell proliferation and survival."]], ["Relacorilant", "CN1C=C(C=N1)S(=O)(=O)N2CCC3=CC4=C(C[C@@]3(C2)C(=O)C5=NC=CC(=C5)C(F)(F)F)C=NN4C6=CC=C(C=C6)F", ["Relacorilant is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02804750 (Study to Evaluate CORT125134 in Patients With Cushing's Syndrome).", "Relacorilant is an orally available antagonist of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration,  relacorilant competitively binds to and blocks GRs. This inhibits the activity of GRs, and prevents both the translocation of the ligand-GR complexes to the nucleus and gene expression of GR-associated genes. This decreases the negative effects that result from excess levels of endogenous glucocorticoids, like those seen when tumors overproduce glucocorticoids. In addition, by binding to GRs and preventing their activity, inhibition with CORT125134 also inhibits the proliferation of GR-overexpressing cancer cells. GRs are overexpressed in certain tumor cell types and promote tumor cell proliferation."]], ["Cyclopropa(4,5)cyclopenta(1,2-C)pyridine-6-carboxylic acid, 3-((2',6'-dimethyl-4'-(3-(methylsulfonyl)propoxy)(1,1'-biphenyl)-3-yl)methoxy)-5,5a,6,6a-tetrahydro-, (5aR,6S,6aS)-", "CC1=CC(=CC(=C1C2=CC=CC(=C2)COC3=NC=C4[C@H]5[C@H]([C@@H]5C(=O)O)CC4=C3)C)OCCCS(=O)(=O)C", ["MK-8666 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01971554 (Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacodynamics, and Pharmacokinetics of MK-8666 in Participants With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (MK-8666-003))."]], ["Pexidartinib hydrochloride", "C1=CC(=NC=C1CC2=CNC3=C2C=C(C=N3)Cl)NCC4=CN=C(C=C4)C(F)(F)F.Cl", ["Pexidartinib Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of pexidartinib, a small-molecule receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibitor of proto-oncogene receptor tyrosine kinase (KIT), colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF1R) and FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3), with antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, pexidartinib targets, binds to and inhibits phosphorylation of KIT, CSF1R and FLT3 harboring an internal tandem duplication (ITD) mutation. This results in the inhibition of tumor cell proliferation. FLT3, CSF1R and FLT3 are overexpressed or mutated in many cancer cell types and play major roles in tumor cell proliferation and metastasis."]], ["[13,20,22-Trihydroxy-8,14-dimethoxy-4,10,12,16-tetramethyl-3-oxo-19-(prop-2-enylamino)-2-azabicyclo[16.3.1]docosa-1(21),4,6,10,18(22),19-hexaen-9-yl] carbamate;hydrochloride", "CC1CC(C(C(C=C(C(C(C=CC=C(C(=O)NC2=CC(=C(C(=C2O)C1)NCC=C)O)C)OC)OC(=O)N)C)C)O)OC.Cl", ["Retaspimycin Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt of a small-molecule inhibitor of heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) with antiproliferative and antineoplastic activities. Retaspimycin binds to and inhibits the cytosolic chaperone functions of HSP90, which maintains the stability and functional shape of many oncogenic signaling proteins and may be overexpressed or overactive in tumor cells. Retaspimycin-mediated inhibition of HSP90 promotes the proteasomal degradation of oncogenic signaling proteins in susceptible tumor cell populations, which may result in the induction of apoptosis."]], ["Virginiamycin", "CCC1C(=O)N2CCCC2C(=O)N(C(C(=O)N3CCC(=O)CC3C(=O)NC(C(=O)OC(C(C(=O)N1)NC(=O)C4=C(C=CC=N4)O)C)C5=CC=CC=C5)CC6=CC=CC=C6)C.CC1C=CC(=O)NCC=CC(=CC(CC(=O)CC2=NC(=CO2)C(=O)N3CCC=C3C(=O)OC1C(C)C)O)C", ["Virginiamycin is a class of streptogramin-related depsipeptides isolated from the bacterium Streptomyces virginiae and other Streptomyces bacterial species.  The virginiamycins consist of two major components, virginiamycin M1 and virginiamycin S1.  These agents bind to and inhibit ribosome assembly, thereby preventing protein synthesis.  Active against Gram-positive bacteria, these antibiotics are primarily used in veterinary practice. (NCI04)", "An antibiotic mixture originally isolated from Streptomyces pristinaspiralis. It is a mixture of compounds from STREPTOGRAMIN GROUP A: pristinamycin IIA and IIB and from STREPTOGRAMIN GROUP B: pristinamycin IA, pristinamycin IB, pristinamycin IC."]], ["methyl (1R,9S,10S,11R,12R,19R)-11-acetyloxy-12-ethyl-4-[(12S,14R)-16-ethyl-12-methoxycarbonyl-1,10-diazatetracyclo[12.3.1.03,11.04,9]octadeca-3(11),4,6,8,15-pentaen-12-yl]-10-hydroxy-5-methoxy-8-methyl-8,16-diazapentacyclo[10.6.1.01,9.02,7.016,19]nonadeca-2,4,6,13-tetraene-10-carboxylate", "CCC1=C[C@H]2C[C@@](C3=C(CN(C2)C1)C4=CC=CC=C4N3)(C5=C(C=C6C(=C5)[C@]78CCN9[C@H]7[C@@](C=CC9)([C@H]([C@@]([C@H]8N6C)(C(=O)OC)O)OC(=O)C)CC)OC)C(=O)OC", ["Vinorelbine is a semisynthetic vinca alkaloid. Vinorelbine binds to tubulin and prevents formation of the mitotic spindle, resulting in the arrest of tumor cell growth in metaphase. This agent may also interfere with amino acid, cyclic AMP. and glutathione metabolism; calmodulin-dependent Ca++ -transport ATPase activity; cellular respiration; and nucleic acid and lipid biosynthesis.", "A vinca alkaloid related to VINBLASTINE that is used as a first-line treatment for NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER, or for advanced or metastatic BREAST CANCER refractory to treatment with ANTHRACYCLINES."]], ["[(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-4-(cyclopropylsulfonylcarbamoyl)-14-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxycarbonylamino]-2,15-dioxo-3,16-diazatricyclo[14.3.0.04,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl] 4-fluoro-1,3-dihydroisoindole-2-carboxylate", "CC(C)(C)OC(=O)N[C@H]1CCCCCC=C[C@@H]2C[C@]2(NC(=O)[C@@H]3C[C@H](CN3C1=O)OC(=O)N4CC5=C(C4)C(=CC=C5)F)C(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C6CC6", ["Danoprevir is an orally bioavailable, peptidomimetic inhibitor of hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS3/4A protease, with antiviral activity against HCV and potential antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2. Upon oral administration, danoprevir binds to and blocks the activity of HCV NS3/4A protease. This prevents the cleavage and processing of HCV viral proteins leading to the inhibition of HCV replication. Danoprevir may also bind to and block of the activity of SARS-CoV-2 protease. This prevents the cleavage and processing of SARS-CoV-2 viral proteins leading to the inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 replication. NS3/4A, a chymotrypsin-like serine protease, is responsible for cleavage at four sites of the HCV polyprotein to form the viral proteins required for HCV replication. It plays a key role in the HCV viral replication process. HCV infection is associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A chymotrypsin-like protease is responsible for cleavage of the SARS-CoV-2 viral polyprotein to form the RNA replicase-transcriptase complex, which plays a key role in the SARS-CoV-2 viral transcription and replication process."]], ["Milademetan", "CC1(CCC2(CC1)[C@@]3([C@H]([C@@H](N2)C(=O)N[C@@H]4CC[C@H](OC4)C(=O)N)C5=C(C(=NC=C5)Cl)F)C6=C(C=C(C=C6)Cl)NC3=O)C", ["Milademetan is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02319369 (Safety, Tolerability and Pharmacokinetics of Milademetan Alone and With 5-Azacitidine (AZA) in Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML) or High-Risk Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS)).", "Milademetan is an orally available MDM2 (murine double minute 2) antagonist with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, milademetan binds to, and prevents the binding of MDM2 protein to the transcriptional activation domain of the tumor suppressor protein p53. By preventing this MDM2-p53 interaction, the proteasome-mediated enzymatic degradation of p53 is inhibited and the transcriptional activity of p53 is restored. This results in the restoration of p53 signaling and leads to the p53-mediated induction of tumor cell apoptosis. MDM2, a zinc finger protein and a negative regulator of the p53 pathway, is overexpressed in cancer cells; it has been implicated in cancer cell proliferation and survival."]], ["Diroximel fumarate", "COC(=O)/C=C/C(=O)OCCN1C(=O)CCC1=O", ["Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, debilitating neurological disease that can lead to profound cognitive and physical symptoms, severely affecting quality of life. It is the main cause of neurological disability not caused by trauma in the young adult population of both North America and Europe. Relapsing-remitting forms of MS lead to neurological symptoms that resolve and recur periodically. More than 80% of patients suffering from this disease have relapsing-remitting MS.  Diroximel fumarate is a new drug from the fumarate class formulated to treat various relapsing forms of MS.  This drug is bioequivalent to [Dimethyl fumarate](initially manufactured in 2013), but is less likely to cause gastrointestinal side effects, owing to its unique chemical structure. Diroximel fumarate was formulated by Alkermes in collaboration with Biogen, and was approved by the FDA in October 2019 and by the EMA in November 2021."]], ["Pyrrolo(1,2-a)(1,5)diazocine-8-carboxamide, 3,3'-(1,3-phenylenebis(sulfonyl))bis(N-(diphenylmethyl)decahydro-5-(((2S)-2-(methylamino)-1-oxopropyl)amino)-6-oxo-, (5S,5'S,8S,8'S,10aR,10'ar)-", "C[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@H]1CN(CC[C@H]2CC[C@H](N2C1=O)C(=O)NC(C3=CC=CC=C3)C4=CC=CC=C4)S(=O)(=O)C5=CC(=CC=C5)S(=O)(=O)N6CC[C@H]7CC[C@H](N7C(=O)[C@H](C6)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC)C(=O)NC(C8=CC=CC=C8)C9=CC=CC=C9)NC", ["APG-1387 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT04568265 (A Clinical Study of APG-1387 in Combination With Entecavir in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis B).", "IAP Inhibitor APG-1387 is a small molecule, second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases (SMAC)-mimetic targeting inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) with potential apoptosis-inducing and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, IAP inhibitor APG-1387 selectively binds to and inhibits the activity of IAPs including X chromosome-linked IAP (XIAP) and cellular IAPs 1 (c-IAP1) and 2 (c-IAP2). This may restore and promote the induction of apoptosis through apoptotic signaling pathways and enhance proteasomal degradation of IAPs. Additionally, APG-1387 may work synergistically with cytotoxic drugs to overcome tumor cell resistance to apoptosis. IAPs are overexpressed by many cancer cell types, suppressing apoptosis by binding and inhibiting active caspases-3, -7 and -9 via their BIR (baculoviral lAP repeat) domains."]], ["2-[(1S,4S,8R,10S,13S,16S,34S)-34-[(2S)-butan-2-yl]-13-[(2R,3R)-3,4-dihydroxybutan-2-yl]-8,22-dihydroxy-2,5,11,14,27,30,33,36,39-nonaoxo-27lambda4-thia-3,6,12,15,25,29,32,35,38-nonazapentacyclo[14.12.11.06,10.018,26.019,24]nonatriaconta-18(26),19(24),20,22-tetraen-4-yl]acetamide", "CC[C@H](C)[C@H]1C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H]2CS(=O)C3=C(C[C@@H](C(=O)NCC(=O)N1)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H]4C[C@H](CN4C(=O)[C@@H](NC2=O)CC(=O)N)O)[C@@H](C)[C@H](CO)O)C5=C(N3)C=C(C=C5)O", ["A cyclic octapeptide with a thioether bridge between the cystine and tryptophan. It inhibits RNA POLYMERASE II. Poisoning may require LIVER TRANSPLANTATION."]], ["6-Oxa-4,11,16,23-tetraaza-5-phosphatetracosane-1,3,10,15-tetracarboxylic acid, 24-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-hydroxy-12,17,24-trioxo-, 5-oxide, (3S,10S,15S)-", "C1=CC(=CC=C1C(=O)NCCCCCC(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)N[C@@H](CCCOP(=O)(N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)O)O)C(=O)O)C(=O)O)F", ["CTT-1057 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03427476 (CTT1057, a Small Molecular Inhibitor of PSMA, as a Novel Imaging Agent of Neovascularization in Renal Cell Carcinoma)."]], ["N2-(2-Ethoxy-4-(4-methyl-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)-6-methyl-N8-neopentylpyrido[3,4-d]pyrimidine-2,8-diamine", "CCOC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C2=NN=CN2C)NC3=NC=C4C=C(N=C(C4=N3)NCC(C)(C)C)C", ["BOS172722 is a novel and selective Monopolar spindle 1 (Mps1) kinase inhibitor identified as a potential anticancer agent. Normally, Mps1 supports the proper division of cancer cells, ensuring survival and replication. The key role of Mps1 in the growth of cancer cells renders it an appealing target for cancer treatment, as its inhibition could lead to favorable effects.  An in vivo study combined BOS172722 with [Paclitaxel] for the treatment of triple hormone receptor negative breast cancer, and demonstrated promising synergistic effects."]], ["Unii-lsk1L593UU", "CC1=C2C(=CC=C1)C(=N[C@@H](C(=O)N2)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(F)(F)F)[C@H](CCC(F)(F)F)C(=O)N)C3=CC(=CC=C3)F", ["BMS-986115 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Various Advanced Cancer.", "GS/pan-Notch Inhibitor AL102 is an orally bioavailable, gamma secretase (GS) and pan-Notch inhibitor, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, GS/pan-Notch inhibitor AL102 binds to GS and blocks the proteolytic cleavage and release of the Notch intracellular domain (NICD), which would normally follow ligand binding to the extracellular domain of the Notch receptor. This prevents both the subsequent translocation of NICD to the nucleus to form a transcription factor complex and the expression of Notch-regulated genes. This results in the induction of apoptosis and the inhibition of growth of tumor cells that overexpress Notch. Overexpression of the Notch signaling pathway plays an important role in tumor cell proliferation and survival. The integral membrane protein GS is a multi-subunit protease complex that cleaves single-pass transmembrane proteins, such as Notch receptors, at residues within their transmembrane domains and leads to their activation."]], ["Attapulgus clay", "O.O.O.O.[OH-].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Mg+2].[Al+3].[Si+4].[Si+4].[Si+4].[Si+4]", ["Attapulgite is a magnesium aluminium phyllosilicate which occurs in a type of clay soil common to the Southeastern United States. When used in medicine, it physically binds to acids and toxic substances in the stomach and digestive tract. For that reason, it has often been used in antidiarrheal medications. Until 2003, it was the active ingredient used in Kaopectate, before that product was reformulated with bismuth subsalicylate."]], ["Gadofosveset", "[H+].[H+].[H+].C1CC(CCC1OP(=O)([O-])OC[C@@H](CN(CCN(CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])N(CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])(C2=CC=CC=C2)C3=CC=CC=C3.[Gd+3]", ["Gadofosveset is a Paramagnetic Contrast Agent. The mechanism of action of gadofosveset is as a Magnetic Resonance Contrast Activity.", "Gadofosveset is an injectable, intravascular, amphiphilic gadolinium-based contrast agent (GBCA) used with magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) imaging. Gadofosveset is a stable gadolinium diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA) chelate derivative with a diphenylcyclohexylphosphate group. Upon injection, gadofosveset binds reversibly to endogenous serum albumin which increases its intravascular retention time compared to non-protein binding contrast agents. The serum albumin binding also increases T1-relaxivity of gadofosveset. This produces an increase in signal intensity of blood, thereby enhancing the visualization of blood vessels upon MRA and may aid in the diagnosis of certain blood vessels and heart disorders."]], ["Glucosamine Sulfate", "C([C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](C=O)N)O)O)O)O.C([C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](C=O)N)O)O)O)O.OS(=O)(=O)O", ["Glucosamine Sulfate is an amino sugar (2-amino, 2-deoxyglucose) in cell membranes, Glucosamine Sulfate is believed to play a role in cartilage formation and repair. Long-term glucosamine sulfate treatment retards progression of knee osteoarthritis; the mechanism appears to involve glucosamine's role as an essential substrate for glycosaminoglycans and hyaluronic acid, needed for formation of the joint proteoglycan structural matrix. (NCI04)", "See also: Adomiparin (monomer of); Adomiparin Sodium (monomer of)."]], ["Gallium chloride ga-67", "[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[67Ga+3]", ["Gallium chloride Ga-67 is the chloride salt of a gallium radioisotope which is typically complexed with [sodium citrate] to generate [gallium citrate Ga 67], which can be used to image certain cancers and inflammatory lesions."]], ["Doxycycline calcium", "C[C@@H]1[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H]3[C@@H](C(=O)C(=C([C@]3(C(=O)C2=C(C4=C1C=CC=C4O)O)O)O)C(=O)N)N(C)C)O.[Ca+2].[Ca+2]", ["Doxycycline Calcium is the calcium salt form of doxycycline exhibiting antimicrobial activity.  Doxycycline blocks binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to the mRNA-ribosome complex, thereby inhibiting protein synthesis.  In addition, this agent has exhibited inhibition of collagenase activity. (NCI)", "A synthetic tetracycline derivative with similar antimicrobial activity."]], ["Methycobal", "[CH3-].CC1=CC2=C(C=C1C)N(C=N2)[C@@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O3)CO)OP(=O)([O-])O[C@@H](C)CNC(=O)CC[C@@]\\4([C@H]([C@@H]5[C@]6([C@@]([C@@H](C(=N6)/C(=C\\7/[C@@]([C@@H](C(=N7)/C=C\\8/C([C@@H](C(=N8)/C(=C4\\[N-]5)/C)CCC(=O)N)(C)C)CCC(=O)N)(C)CC(=O)N)/C)CCC(=O)N)(C)CC(=O)N)C)CC(=O)N)C)O.[Co+3]", ["Mecobalamin is a synthetic and active form of vitamin B12 that can cross the blood brain barrier without biotransformation, that may be used to treat or prevent vitamin B12 deficiency and its complications. Upon administration, mecobalamin is able to replace endogenous vitamin B12, increase vitamin B12 levels and improve vitamin B12 deficiency. Vitamin B12 is necessary for hematopoiesis, neural metabolism, DNA and RNA production, and carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism. It improves iron functions in the metabolic cycle and assists folic acid in choline synthesis. Its metabolism is interconnected with that of folic acid."]], ["Ferrous asparto glycinate", "[H+].C([C@@H](C(=O)[O-])N)C(=O)[O-].C(C(=O)[O-])N.[Fe+2]", ["Ferrous asparto glycinate is an iron-amino acid chelate. It is available as a dietary supplement used in the treatment of iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia."]], ["Ceftazidime anhydrous", "[H+].CC(C)(C(=O)[O-])O/N=C(/C1=CSC(=N1)N)\\C(=O)N[C@H]2[C@@H]3N(C2=O)C(=C(CS3)C[N+]4=CC=CC=C4)C(=O)[O-]", ["Ceftazidime anhydrous is a Cephalosporin Antibacterial.", "Ceftazidime is a natural product found in Apis cerana with data available.", "Ceftazidime Anhydrous is an anhydrous form of ceftazidime, a third-generation, beta-lactam, cephalosporin antibiotic with bactericidal activity.", "Semisynthetic, broad-spectrum antibacterial derived from CEPHALORIDINE and used especially for Pseudomonas and other gram-negative infections in debilitated patients."]], ["Cobalamin [vandf]", "CC1=CC2=C(C=C1C)N(C=N2)[C@@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O3)CO)OP(=O)([O-])O[C@@H](C)CNC(=O)CC[C@@]\\4([C@H]([C@@H]5[C@]6([C@@]([C@@H](C(=N6)/C(=C\\7/[C@@]([C@@H](C(=N7)/C=C\\8/C([C@@H](C(=N8)/C(=C4\\[N-]5)/C)CCC(=O)N)(C)C)CCC(=O)N)(C)CC(=O)N)/C)CCC(=O)N)(C)CC(=O)N)C)CC(=O)N)C)O.[Co+2]", ["Cobalamin is an essential nutrient and natural water-soluble vitamin of the B-complex family that must combine with an intrinsic factor for absorption by the intestine, Vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin) is necessary for hematopoiesis, neural metabolism, DNA and RNA production, and carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism. B12 improves iron functions in the metabolic cycle and assists folic acid in choline synthesis. B12 metabolism is interconnected with that of folic acid. Vitamin B12 deficiency causes pernicious anemia, megaloblastic anemia, and neurologic lesions.", "A cobalt-containing coordination compound produced by intestinal micro-organisms and found also in soil and water. Higher plants do not concentrate vitamin B 12 from the soil and so are a poor source of the substance as compared with animal tissues. INTRINSIC FACTOR is important for the assimilation of vitamin B 12."]], ["[(1S,5R)-8,8-dimethyl-8-azoniabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl] (2R)-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetate;bromide", "C[N+]1([C@@H]2CC[C@H]1CC(C2)OC(=O)[C@@H](C3=CC=CC=C3)O)C.[Br-]", ["Homatropine Methylbromide is the methylbromide salt of homatropine, a synthetic tertiary amine alkaloid with antimuscarinic properties. Homatropine methylbromide, a competitive inhibitor of acetylcholine at the muscarinic receptor, blocks parasympathetic nerve stimulation, thereby inhibiting pepsin and gastrin secretion. When administered in high doses, this drug produces inhibitory effects on acetylcholine activity, specifically on smooth muscle located in the gastrointestinal, biliary, and genitourinary tracts, resulting in an anti-spasmodic effect."]], ["(2R)-N-[(3R,6S,9S,15S,18R,21S,24R,27R,30S,33R,36R,39R,42R,45R,48S,49R)-24,42-bis(3-aminopropyl)-27-benzyl-49-carbamoyl-3-(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-21-[4-[(2S,3S,4S,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[(2R,3S,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxyphenyl]-18,39-bis[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-30-[(1S)-1-hydroxyethyl]-15,33,36,45-tetrakis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-6-methyl-9-(2-methylpropyl)-2,5,8,11,14,17,20,23,26,29,32,35,38,41,44,47-hexadecaoxo-1-oxa-4,7,10,13,16,19,22,25,28,31,34,37,40,43,46-pentadecazacyclononatetracont-48-yl]-2-[[(2Z,4Z)-7-methylocta-2,4-dienoyl]amino]butanediamide", "C[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](C(=O)O[C@H]([C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N1)CC(C)C)C2=CC=C(C=C2)O)[C@@H](C)O)C3=CC=C(C=C3)O[C@H]4[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O4)CO)O)O)O[C@@H]5[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O5)CO)O)O)O)CCCN)CC6=CC=CC=C6)[C@H](C)O)C7=CC=C(C=C7)O)C8=CC=C(C=C8)O)[C@@H](C)O)CCCN)C9=CC=C(C=C9)O)NC(=O)[C@@H](CC(=O)N)NC(=O)/C=C\\C=C/CC(C)C)C(=O)N)C1=CC(=C(C=C1)O)Cl", ["Ramoplanin is a novel glycolipodepsipeptide antibiotic under development for the treatment of CDAD."]], ["Austedo", "[2H]C([2H])([2H])OC1=C(C=C2[C@@H]3CC(=O)[C@H](CN3CCC2=C1)CC(C)C)OC([2H])([2H])[2H]", ["Deutetrabenazine is a novel, highly selective vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) inhibitor indicated for the management of chorea associated with Huntington\u2019s disease. It is a hexahydro-dimethoxybenzoquinolizine derivative and a deuterated [DB04844]. The presence of deuterium in deutetrabenazine increases the half-lives of the active metabolite and prolongs their pharmacological activity by attenuating CYP2D6 metabolism of the compound. This allows less frequent dosing and a lower daily dose with improvement in tolerability. Decreased plasma fluctuations of deutetrabenazine due to attenuated metabolism may explain a lower incidence of adverse reactions associated with deutetrabenazine. Deutetrabenazine is a racemic mixture containing  RR-Deutetrabenazine and SS-Deutetrabenazine.   Huntington's disease (HD) is a hereditary, progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor dysfunction, cognitive decline, and neuropsychiatric disturbances that interfere with daily functioning and significantly reduce the quality of life. The most prominent physical symptom of HD that may increase the risk of injury is chorea, which is an involuntary, sudden movement that can affect any muscle and flow randomly across body regions. Psychomotor symptoms of HD, such as chorea, are related to hyperactive dopaminergic neurotransmission. Deutetrabenazine depletes the levels of presynaptic dopamine by blocking VMAT2, which is responsible for the uptake of dopamine into synaptic vesicles in monoaminergic neurons and exocytotic release. As with other agents for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, deutetrabenazine is a drug to alleviate the motor symptoms of HD and is not proposed to halt the progression of the disease. In clinical trials of patients with HD, 12 weeks of treatment of deutetrabenazine resulted in overall improvement in mean total maximal chorea scores and motor signs than placebo. It was approved by FDA in April 2017 and is marketed under the trade name Austedo as oral tablets."]], ["3-Ethyl-2-[5-(3-ethyl-1,3-benzothiazol-3-ium-2-yl)penta-2,4-dienylidene]-1,3-benzothiazole;hydroiodide", "CCN1C2=CC=CC=C2SC1=CC=CC=CC3=[N+](C4=CC=CC=C4S3)CC.I", ["Dithiazanine iodide appears as green, needle-like crystals. Used as a veterinary anthelmintic, as a sensitizer for photographic emulsions and as an insecticides. Not registered as a pesticide in the U.S. (EPA, 1998)"]], ["Antimony cation (5+)", "[Sb+5]", ["Pentavalent Antimony has been investigated for the treatment of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis."]], ["Stimulon", "CC[C@H](C)[C@H](C[C@@H](CC(=O)O[C@@H](C[C@@H](CC(=O)O[C@H]1[C@H](O[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]1O)O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O2)C)O[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](CO3)O)O[C@H]4[C@@H]([C@](CO4)(CO)O)O)O)O)O)OC(=O)[C@]56CCC(C[C@H]5C7=CC[C@@H]8[C@]9(CC[C@@H]([C@@]([C@@H]9CC[C@]8([C@@]7(C[C@H]6O)C)C)(C)C=O)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O1)C(=O)O)O)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](CO1)O)O)O)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@H](O1)CO)O)O)O)C)(C)C)C)O)[C@@H](C)CC)O)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O1)CO)O)O", ["Stimulon is a natural product found in Quillaja saponaria with data available."]], ["Loxicodegol", "CN1CC[C@]23[C@@H]4[C@H](CC[C@]2([C@H]1CC5=C3C(=C(C=C5)OC)O4)O)OCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOC", ["Loxicodegol was developed by Nektar Therapeutics as an opioid analgesic with low abuse potential for the treatment of chronic pain. The lack of abuse potential is believed to be due to the drug's slow rate of entry into brain, a unique characteristic compared to others in the opioid class. This is also thought to be the reason behind the reduced frequency of CNS-mediated adverse effects, like sedation, seen with Loxicodegol. Nektar Therapeutics has filed an application for FDA approval of Loxicodegol for use in the treatment of chronic lower back pain"]], ["[(1S,5S)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl] 2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetate", "CN1[C@H]2CC[C@H]1CC(C2)OC(=O)C(C3=CC=CC=C3)O", ["[(1S,5S)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl] 2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetate is a tropane alkaloid.", "Homatropine is a synthetic tertiary amine alkaloid with antimuscarinic properties. Homatropine, a competitive inhibitor of acetylcholine at the muscarinic receptor, blocks parasympathetic nerve stimulation."]], ["2-[(1R,4S,10S,13S,16S,34S)-34-butan-2-yl-13-[(3R)-3,4-dihydroxybutan-2-yl]-8,22-dihydroxy-2,5,11,14,27,30,33,36,39-nonaoxo-27lambda4-thia-3,6,12,15,25,29,32,35,38-nonazapentacyclo[14.12.11.06,10.018,26.019,24]nonatriaconta-18(26),19(24),20,22-tetraen-4-yl]acetamide", "CCC(C)[C@H]1C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@H]2CS(=O)C3=C(C[C@@H](C(=O)NCC(=O)N1)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H]4CC(CN4C(=O)[C@@H](NC2=O)CC(=O)N)O)C(C)[C@H](CO)O)C5=C(N3)C=C(C=C5)O", ["A cyclic octapeptide with a thioether bridge between the cystine and tryptophan. It inhibits RNA POLYMERASE II. Poisoning may require LIVER TRANSPLANTATION."]], ["(22R)-Budesonide", "CCCC1OC2CC3C4CCC5=CC(=O)C=C[C@@]5(C4C(C[C@@]3([C@@]2(O1)C(=O)CO)C)O)C", ["A glucocorticoid used in the management of ASTHMA, the treatment of various skin disorders, and allergic RHINITIS."]], ["3-Deoxy-3-[4-(3-Fluorophenyl)-1h-1,2,3-Triazol-1-Yl]-Beta-D-Galactopyranosyl 3-Deoxy-3-[4-(3-Fluorophenyl)-1h-1,2,3-Triazol-1-Yl]-1-Thio-Beta-D-Galactopyranoside", "C1=CC(=CC(=C1)F)C2=CN(N=N2)[C@H]3[C@H]([C@H](O[C@H]([C@@H]3O)S[C@H]4[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@H](O4)CO)O)N5C=C(N=N5)C6=CC(=CC=C6)F)O)CO)O", ["TD139 has been investigated for the treatment of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis.", "Olitigaltin is an inhaled, small molecule inhibitor of galectin-3 (Gal-3), with potential anti-fibrotic activity. Upon administration, olitigaltin inhibits the activity of Gal-3. This may prevent the activation of alveolar macrophages and fibroblasts, and the resulting fibrosis in the lungs. Gal-3, a beta-galactoside-binding lectin, is expressed in multiple cell types including macrophages, fibroblasts, activated T-lymphocytes and epithelial cells. It is upregulated in fibrotic lung diseases including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and interstitial pneumonia associated with collagen vascular disease (CVD-IP), and plays an important role in fibrosis in multiple organs. It is also often dysregulated in cancers, and may play a role in angiogenesis, cell proliferation and cell survival."]], ["SEL120-34A HCl", "CC1=C2C3=C(CCCN3C(=N2)N4CCNCC4)C(=C1Br)Br.Cl", ["CDK8/19 Inhibitor SEL 120 is an orally bioavailable inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases 8 and 19 (CDK8/19), with potential antineoplastic and chemoprotective activities. Upon oral administration, CDK8/19 inhibitor SEL 120 targets, binds to and inhibits the activity of CDK8/19, which prevents activation of CDK8/19-mediated oncogenic signaling pathways, blocks selective transcription of various tumor-promoting genes, and inhibits proliferation of CDK8/19-overexpressing tumor cells. CDK8/19, serine/threonine kinases involved in the regulation of the cell cycle, are overexpressed in certain cancer cell types and play key roles in tumor cell proliferation."]], ["Bendamustine dodecyl ester", "CCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)CCCC1=NC2=C(N1C)C=CC(=C2)N(CCCl)CCCl", ["Bendamustine-containing Nanoparticle-based Formulation RXDX-107 is a nanoparticle-based formulation containing the alkyl ester of bendamustine, a bifunctional mechlorethamine derivative, encapsulated in human serum albumin (HSA), with potential alkylating and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration of the alkyl ester bendamustine-containing nanoparticle formulation RXDX-107, the nanoparticle formulation permits high concentrations of the alkyl ester of bendamustine be localized at the tumor site. The modified bendamustine alkylates and crosslinks macromolecules, resulting in DNA, RNA and protein synthesis inhibition, and, subsequently, apoptosis."]], ["7-Benzyl-4-(2-methylbenzyl)-1,2,6,7,8,9-hexahydroimidazo[1,2-A]pyrido[3,4-E]pyrimidin-5(4H)-one", "CC1=CC=CC=C1CN2C(=O)C3=C(CCN(C3)CC4=CC=CC=C4)N5C2=NCC5", ["Dordaviprone (ONC-201) is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03394027 (ONC201 in Recurrent/Refractory Metastatic Breast Cancer and Advanced Endometrial Carcinoma).", "Akt/ERK Inhibitor ONC201 is a water soluble, orally bioavailable inhibitor of the serine/threonine protein kinase Akt (protein kinase B) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, Akt/ERK inhibitor ONC201 binds to and inhibits the activity of Akt and ERK, which may result in inhibition of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signal transduction pathway as well as the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/ERK-mediated pathway. This may lead to the induction of tumor cell apoptosis mediated by tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)/TRAIL death receptor type 5 (DR5) signaling in AKT/ERK-overexpressing tumor cells. The PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and MAPK/ERK pathway are upregulated in a variety of tumor cell types and play a key role in tumor cell proliferation, differentiation and survival by inhibiting apoptosis. In addition, ONC201 is able to cross the blood-brain barrier."]], ["7-[[2-(2-Amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-methoxyiminoacetyl]amino]-3-(furan-2-carbonylsulfanylmethyl)-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid;hydrochloride", "CON=C(C1=CSC(=N1)N)C(=O)NC2C3N(C2=O)C(=C(CS3)CSC(=O)C4=CC=CO4)C(=O)O.Cl", ["Ceftiofur Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of ceftiofur, a semisynthetic, beta-lactamase-stable, broad-spectrum, third-generation cephalosporin with antibacterial activity. Ceftiofur binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall. PBPs are enzymes involved in the terminal stages of assembling the bacterial cell wall and in reshaping the cell wall during growth and division. Inactivation of PBPs interferes with the cross-linkage of peptidoglycan chains necessary for bacterial cell wall strength and rigidity. This results in the weakening of the bacterial cell wall and causes cell lysis."]], ["(18E)-12-[(E)-1-(4-chloro-3-methoxycyclohexyl)prop-1-en-2-yl]-17-ethyl-1,14-dihydroxy-23,25-dimethoxy-13,19,21,27-tetramethyl-11,28-dioxa-4-azatricyclo[22.3.1.04,9]octacos-18-ene-2,3,10,16-tetrone", "CCC1/C=C(/CC(CC(C2C(CC(C(O2)(C(=O)C(=O)N3CCCCC3C(=O)OC(C(C(CC1=O)O)C)/C(=C/C4CCC(C(C4)OC)Cl)/C)O)C)OC)OC)C)\\C", ["Pimecrolimus is a 33-epi-chloro-derivative of the ascomycin macrolactam with immunosuppressant property. Pimecrolimus binds to the receptor macrophilin-12 (FKBP-12) forming a complex that blocks the calcium-dependent signal transduction cascade mediated by calcineurin. Via dephosphorylation, calcineurin is the enzyme responsible for activating nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NF-AT), a T cell transcriptional regulatory factor. As a consequence, the synthesis and release of Th1- (T helper 1) and Th2- (T helper 2) type cytokines, and other inflammatory mediators from T-cells and mast cells are blocked and the expression of signals essential for the activation of inflammatory T-lymphocytes is inhibited. However, pimecrolimus mode of action is cell-selective and does not affect Langerhans' cells/dendritic cells and primary fibroblasts."]], ["2-[2-[2-[Bis(carboxylatomethyl)amino]ethyl-(carboxylatomethyl)amino]ethyl-(carboxylatomethyl)amino]-3-phenylmethoxypropanoate;gadolinium(3+);hydron;6-(methylamino)hexane-1,2,3,4,5-pentol", "[H+].[H+].CNCC(C(C(C(CO)O)O)O)O.CNCC(C(C(C(CO)O)O)O)O.C1=CC=C(C=C1)COCC(C(=O)[O-])N(CCN(CCN(CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-].[Gd+3]", ["Gadobenate Dimeglumine is a gadolinium-based paramagnetic contrast agent. When placed in a magnetic field, gadobenate dimeglumine produces a large magnetic moment and so a large local magnetic field, which can enhance the relaxation rate of nearby protons; as a result, the signal intensity of tissue images observed with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be enhanced. Because this agent is preferentially taken up by normal functioning hepatocytes, normal hepatic tissue is enhanced with MRI while tumor tissue is unenhanced. In addition, because gadobenate dimeglumine is excreted in the bile, it may be used to visualize the biliary system using MRI."]], ["Casein", "CC(C)CC(C(=NC(CCC(=N)O)C(=NC(CC(=O)O)C(=NC(CCCCN)C(=O)O)O)O)O)N=C(C(CCC(=O)O)N=C(C(CC(=O)O)N=C(C(CCC(=O)O)N=C(C(C(C)O)N=C(C(CCC(=N)O)N=C(C(CCC(=N)O)N=C(C(CCC(=N)O)N=C(C(CCC(=O)O)N=C(C(CCC(=O)O)N=C(C(COP(=O)(O)O)N=C(C(CCC(=N)O)N=C(C(CC1=CC=CC=C1)N)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O", ["Casein allergenic extract is used in allergenic testing.", "A mixture of related phosphoproteins occurring in milk and cheese. The group is characterized as one of the most nutritive milk proteins, containing all of the common amino acids and rich in the essential ones."]], ["3-[[10,15,20,25,30,35,40-Heptakis(2-carboxyethylsulfanylmethyl)-41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56-hexadecahydroxy-2,4,7,9,12,14,17,19,22,24,27,29,32,34,37,39-hexadecaoxanonacyclo[36.2.2.23,6.28,11.213,16.218,21.223,26.228,31.233,36]hexapentacontan-5-yl]methylsulfanyl]propanoic acid", "C(CSCC1C2C(C(C(O1)OC3C(OC(C(C3O)O)OC4C(OC(C(C4O)O)OC5C(OC(C(C5O)O)OC6C(OC(C(C6O)O)OC7C(OC(C(C7O)O)OC8C(OC(C(C8O)O)OC9C(OC(O2)C(C9O)O)CSCCC(=O)O)CSCCC(=O)O)CSCCC(=O)O)CSCCC(=O)O)CSCCC(=O)O)CSCCC(=O)O)CSCCC(=O)O)O)O)C(=O)O", ["Sugammadex is a biologically inert, selective relaxant binding agent (SRBA) composed of a modified, anionic gamma cyclodextrin derivative containing a hydrophilic exterior and a hydrophobic core, with neuromuscular blocking drug (NMBD) reversal activity. Upon administration, the negatively charged carboxyl-thio-ether groups of sugammadex selectively and reversibly bind to the positively charged quaternary nitrogen of a steroidal NMBD, such as rocuronium and vecuronium, which was administered at an earlier time for anesthetic purposes. The encapsulation of the NMBD by sugammadex blocks its ability to bind to nicotinic receptors in the neuromuscular junction and thereby reverses the NMBD-induced neuromuscular blockade.", "A gamma-cyclodextrin that functions as a reversal agent for the neuromuscular blocker ROCURONIUM BROMIDE."]], ["Sherpa TTC-352", "C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=C(SC3=C2C=CC(=C3)O)OC4=CC=C(C=C4)O)F", ["Selective Human Estrogen-receptor Alpha Partial Agonist TTC-352 is a benzothiophene and orally bioavailable selective human estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha; ESR1; ERa) partial agonist (ShERPA), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, TTC-352 mimics the naturally-occurring 17beta-estradiol (E2) and targets and binds to ERa located in the nucleus. This causes translocation of ERa to extranuclear sites. Nuclear export of ERa prevents normal ER-mediated signaling and inhibits proliferation of ER-positive tumor cells. TTC-352 causes tumor regression of tamoxifen (TAM)-resistant (TR) tumor cells which often overexpress protein kinase C alpha (PKCalpha; PKCa). PKCa expression is associated with poor patient survival and breast cancer aggressiveness and may predict tumor responses to E2, E2-like compounds and ShERPAs. Unlike E2 and E2-like compounds, TTC-352 does not cause endometrial proliferation."]], ["5-Fluoro-2-(6-fluoro-2-methyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-1-yl)-N4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)pyrimidine-4,6-diamine", "CC1=NC2=C(N1C3=NC(=C(C(=N3)NC4=CC=C(C=C4)C(F)(F)F)F)N)C=C(C=C2)F", ["Unesbulin is an orally active inhibitor of the polycomb ring finger oncogene BMI1 (B-cell-specific Moloney murine leukemia virus integration site 1), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, unesbulin targets BMI1 expressed by both tumor cells and cancer stem cells (CSCs), and induces hyper-phosphorylation of BMI1 leading to its degradation. This inhibits BMI1-mediated signal transduction pathways and results in a reduction of proliferation of BMI1-expressing tumor cells.  BMI1, a key protein in the polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1), is overexpressed in certain tumor cell types, and plays a key role in CSC survival, proliferation and resistance to chemotherapeutics; its expression is associated with increased tumor aggressiveness and a poor prognosis."]], ["Janumet", "CN(C)C(=N)N=C(N)N.C1CN2C(=NN=C2C(F)(F)F)CN1C(=O)CC(CC3=CC(=C(C=C3F)F)F)N.OP(=O)(O)O.Cl", ["A pharmaceutical preparation of sitagliptin phosphate and metformin hydrochloride that is used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES."]], ["4-[(2-Amino-4-methylsulfanylbutanoyl)amino]-2,2-dioxo-2lambda6-thiabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-4,6-dicarboxylic acid", "CSCCC(C(=O)NC1(CS(=O)(=O)C2C1C2C(=O)O)C(=O)O)N", ["LY2140023 is an investigational drug from Lilly, which is being developed as a new treatment option for schizophrenia. LY2140023 is an oral \"prodrug,\" meaning it is devoid of intrinsic biological activity and, once administered, is metabolized to provide the active mGlu2/3 receptor agonist called LY404039. Most currently approved antipsychotic medications work by affecting the neurotransmitters dopamine or serotonin. For LY2140023, the active substance, LY404039, is thought to work by reducing the presynaptic release of another neurotransmitter, glutamate, in brain regions where mGlu2/3 receptors are expressed. Further studies are planned or are ongoing to learn more about the safety and effectiveness, including determining an optimal therapeutic dose for LY2140023."]], ["6-[(9-Carbamoyloxy-13-hydroxy-8,14-dimethoxy-4,10,12,16-tetramethyl-3,20,22-trioxo-2-azabicyclo[16.3.1]docosa-1(21),4,6,10,18-pentaen-19-yl)amino]hexyl-triphenylphosphanium", "CC1CC(C(C(C=C(C(C(C=CC=C(C(=O)NC2=CC(=O)C(=C(C1)C2=O)NCCCCCC[P+](C3=CC=CC=C3)(C4=CC=CC=C4)C5=CC=CC=C5)C)OC)OC(=O)N)C)C)O)OC", ["Gamitrinib is a resorcinolic-based mitochondrial-targeted heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) family inhibitor, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, gamitrinib targets and inhibits the activity of Hsp90 heat shock proteins, such as TNF receptor-associated protein-1 (TRAP1). This induces the accumulation of the mitochondrial kinase PINK1 and the cytosolic E3 ubiquitin (Ub) ligase Parkin, ubiquitylates substrate proteins, and induces PINK1/Parkin-dependent mitophagy. Gamitrinib induces acute mitochondrial dysfunction, loss of membrane potential and membrane rupture leading to the induction of apoptosis in susceptible tumor cells. Hsp90, a chaperone complex protein upregulated in a variety of tumor cell types, regulates the folding and degradation of many oncogenic signaling proteins."]], ["Akt inhibitor", "CCC1=CNC2=C1C(=NC=N2)N3CCC(C3)(CNC(=O)C4=C(C=C(C=C4)F)F)N", ["AKT Inhibitor is any agent that inhibits protein kinase B (AKT)."]], ["(2E)-3-ethyl-2-[(2E)-5-(3-ethyl-1,3-benzothiazol-3-ium-2-yl)penta-2,4-dienylidene]-1,3-benzothiazole;iodide", "CCN\\1C2=CC=CC=C2S/C1=C/C=C/C=CC3=[N+](C4=CC=CC=C4S3)CC.[I-]", ["Dithiazanine iodide appears as green, needle-like crystals. Used as a veterinary anthelmintic, as a sensitizer for photographic emulsions and as an insecticides. Not registered as a pesticide in the U.S. (EPA, 1998)", "3-Ethyl-2-(5-(3-ethyl-2-benzothiazolinylidene)-1,3- pentadienyl)benzothiazolium. A benzothiazole that was formerly used as an antinematodal agent and is currently used as a fluorescent dye."]], ["3-[2-[4-(Cyclopropylsulfonimidoyl)anilino]-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-4-yl]oxybutan-2-ol", "CC(C(C)OC1=NC(=NC=C1C(F)(F)F)NC2=CC=C(C=C2)S(=N)(=O)C3CC3)O", ["Roniciclib is an orally bioavailable cyclin dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor with potential antineoplastic activity. Roniciclib selectively binds to and inhibits the activity of CDK1/Cyclin B, CDK2/Cyclin E, CDK4/Cyclin D1, and CDK9/Cyclin T1, serine/threonine kinases that play key roles in the regulation of the cell cycle progression and cellular proliferation. Inhibition of these kinases leads to cell cycle arrest during the G1/S transition, thereby leading to an induction of apoptosis, and inhibition of tumor cell proliferation. CDKs are often dysregulated in cancerous cells."]], ["4-[cis-2,6-Dimethyl-4-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-piperazine-1-sulfonyl]-indan-2-carboxylic acid tosylate", "C[C@@H]1CN(C[C@@H](N1S(=O)(=O)C2=CC=CC3=C2CC(C3)C(=O)O)C)C4=CC=C(C=C4)OC(F)(F)F.CC1=CC=C(C=C1)S(=O)(=O)O", ["KD3010 is a small molecule peroxisome proliferator-activator receptor delta (PPAR Delta) agonist for the treatment of metabolic disorders, including obesity."]], ["(1S,3R,5S,7S,8Z,12R,14Z,16Z,18Z,20Z,22S,24S,25R,26R)-22-[(3R,4S,5S,6R)-4-amino-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-1,3,26-trihydroxy-12-methyl-10-oxo-6,11,28-trioxatricyclo[22.3.1.05,7]octacosa-8,14,16,18,20-pentaene-25-carboxylic acid", "C[C@@H]1C/C=C\\C=C/C=C\\C=C/[C@H](C[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H](C[C@@](O2)(C[C@@H](C[C@H]3[C@@H](O3)/C=C\\C(=O)O1)O)O)O)C(=O)O)OC4[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O4)C)O)N)O", ["Natamycin is a polyene amphoteric macrolide antibiotic with antifungal properties. Natamycin exerts its antifungal effects by binding to sterols in the fungal cell membrane thereby increasing membrane permeability. This leads to a leakage and loss of essential cellular constituents. Following ocular application, natamycin is retained in the conjunctival fornices and attains effective concentrations within the corneal stroma where it exerts its effect.", "Amphoteric macrolide antifungal antibiotic from Streptomyces natalensis or S. chattanoogensis. It is used for a variety of fungal infections, mainly topically."]], ["Desidustat", "C1CC1CON2C3=CC=CC=C3C(=C(C2=O)C(=O)NCC(=O)O)O", ["Desidustat is under investigation in clinical trial NCT04012957 (Desidustat in the Treatment of Anemia in CKD).", "Desidustat is an orally bioavailable, hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase (HIF-PH) inhibitor (HIF-PHI), with potential anti-anemic and anti-inflammatory activities. Upon administration, desidustat binds to and inhibits HIF-PH, an enzyme responsible for the degradation of transcription factors in the HIF family under normal oxygen conditions. This prevents HIF breakdown and promotes HIF activity. Increased HIF activity leads to an increase in endogenous erythropoietin production, thereby enhancing erythropoiesis. It also reduces the expression of the peptide hormone hepcidin, improves iron availability, and boosts hemoglobin (Hb) levels. HIF regulates the expression of genes in response to reduced oxygen levels, including genes required for erythropoiesis and iron metabolism. In addition, HIF 1-alpha (HIF1A) may play a role in reducing inflammation during acute lung injury (ALI) through HIF-dependent control of glucose metabolism in the alveolar epithelium."]], ["Bezuclastinib", "CC1=C(NN=C1C(=O)NC2=CN=C3C(=C2)C=C(N3)C4=CC=CC=C4)C", ["Bezuclastinib is an orally bioavailable protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor of mutated forms of the tumor-associated antigen mast/stem cell factor receptor c-Kit (SCFR), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, bezuclastinib binds to and inhibits specific c-Kit mutants. This may result in an inhibition of tumor cell proliferation in cancer cell types that overexpress these c-Kit mutations. c-Kit, a transmembrane protein and receptor tyrosine kinase, is overexpressed in solid tumors and hematological malignancies; it plays a key role in the regulation of cell differentiation and proliferation."]], ["Limbrel", "C1[C@@H]([C@H](OC2=CC(=CC(=C21)O)O)C3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)O)O.C1=CC=C(C=C1)C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C(=C(C=C3O2)O[C@H]4[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O4)C(=O)O)O)O)O)O)O", ["Flavocoxid is a medical food consisting of plant derived flavonoids which have antiinflammatory activity and are used to treat chronic osteoarthritis. Flavocoxid has been linked to minor elevations in serum enzyme levels during therapy and to rare instances of clinically apparent liver injury."]], ["6-((4R)-4-Methyl-1,1-dioxo-1,2,6-thiadiazinan-2-yl)isoquinoline-1-carbonitrile", "C[C@@H]1CNS(=O)(=O)N(C1)C2=CC3=C(C=C2)C(=NC=C3)C#N", ["PF-06260414 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02070939 (Study To Evaluate Safety And Tolerability Of Single And Multiple Ascending Doses Of PF- 06260414 In Healthy Western And Japanese Male Subjects)."]], ["2,4-Imidazolidinedione, 1-(3,5-dimethyl-4-(2-((4-oxo-2-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1,3,8-triazaspiro(4.5)dec-1-en-8-yl)sulfonyl)ethyl)phenyl)-5,5-dimethyl-", "CC1=CC(=CC(=C1CCS(=O)(=O)N2CCC3(CC2)C(=O)NC(=N3)C4=CC=C(C=C4)OC(F)(F)F)C)N5C(=O)NC(=O)C5(C)C", ["PCO-371 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02475616 (A Single Ascending Dose Study of PCO371 in Healthy Volunteers)."]], ["[(4R,4aS,7aR,12bS)-9-methoxy-3-methyl-2,4,4a,5,7a,13-hexahydro-1H-4,12-methanobenzofuro[3,2-e]isoquinolin-7-yl] benzoate", "CN1CC[C@]23[C@H]4[C@H]1CC5=C2C(=C(C=C5)OC)O[C@H]3C(=CC4)OC(=O)C6=CC=CC=C6", ["Benzhydrocodone is a benzylic prodrug of hydrocodone. It was developed in an effort to reduce parenteral bioavailability of the active metabolite as a deterrent to abuse. Benzhydrocodone is indicated for use in the short-term management of pain. It was first approved by the FDA in February 2018 in combination with [acetaminophen] under the trade name Apadaz, marketed by KVK Tech and developed by KemPharm."]], ["7-[2,6-Bis(2-methoxyethoxycarbonylamino)hexanoylamino]heptoxy-methylphosphinic acid", "COCCOC(=O)NCCCCC(C(=O)NCCCCCCCOP(=O)(C)O)NC(=O)OCCOC", ["Pegaptanib is a polynucleotide aptamer. Pegatinib aids neovascular age-related macular degeneration by binding to VEGF which in order reduces angiogenesis and vessel permeability.  Pegaptanib was granted FDA approval on 17 September 2004.", "Pegaptanib is a 28-mer RNA aptamer covalently linked to two branched 20-kD polyethylene glycol (PEG) chains, with anti-angiogenic activity. Pegaptanib binds and blocks the activity of the extracellular vascular endothelial growth factor, specifically the 165-amino acid isoform (VEGF165). This prevents VEGF165 from binding to VEGF receptors, thereby blocking angiogenesis as well as preventing VEGF165-induced increases in vessel permeability. VEGF165 is preferentially involved in pathological ocular neovascularisation."]], ["Technetium TC-99M pentetate", "C(CN(CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])N(CCN(CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-].[Na+].[Tc]", ["Technetium tc-99m pentetate is a Radioactive Diagnostic Agent. The mechanism of action of technetium tc-99m pentetate is as a Radiopharmaceutical Activity.", "A technetium imaging agent used in renal scintigraphy, computed tomography, lung ventilation imaging, gastrointestinal scintigraphy, and many other procedures which employ radionuclide imaging agents."]], ["6-amino-5-[1-(2,6-dichloro-3-fluorophenyl)ethoxy]-N-[4-(3,5-dimethylpiperazine-1-carbonyl)phenyl]pyridazine-3-carboxamide", "CC1CN(CC(N1)C)C(=O)C2=CC=C(C=C2)NC(=O)C3=NN=C(C(=C3)OC(C)C4=C(C=CC(=C4Cl)F)Cl)N", ["Ensartinib is an orally available small molecule inhibitor of the receptor tyrosine kinase anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, ensartinib binds to and inhibits ALK kinase, ALK fusion proteins and ALK point mutation variants. Inhibition of ALK leads to the disruption of ALK-mediated signaling and eventually inhibits tumor cell growth in ALK-expressing tumor cells. ALK belongs to the insulin receptor superfamily and plays an important role in nervous system development. ALK is not expressed in healthy adult human tissue but ALK dysregulation and gene rearrangements are associated with a series of tumors; ALK mutations are associated with acquired resistance to small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors."]], ["Venlafaxine n-oxide", "C[N+](C)(CC(C1=CC=C(C=C1)OC)C2(CCCCC2)O)[O-]", ["Venlafaxine n-oxide is a member of methoxybenzenes."]], ["Sibofimloc", "CC(=O)N1CCC2(CC1)C3=C(C=CC(=C3)C#C[C@@H]4[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O4)CO)O)O)O)C5=C2C=C(C=C5)C#C[C@@H]6[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O", ["Sibofimloc is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03943446 (TAK-018 for Prevention of the Recurrence of Postoperative Crohn's Disease (CD))."]], ["Cimlanod", "CC1=CC=C(O1)S(=O)(=O)NO", ["Cimlanod is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02819271 (A First-in-Human Study of the Safety of Single Continuous Intravenous (IV) Infusions of CXL-1427 for up to 48 Hours in Healthy Volunteers)."]], ["Zoliflodacin", "C[C@@H]1CN2[C@H]([C@@H](O1)C)C3(CC4=CC5=C(C(=C42)F)ON=C5N6[C@H](COC6=O)C)C(=O)NC(=O)NC3=O", ["Zoliflodacin has been used in trials studying the basic science and treatment of Gonorrhoea."]], ["Pelcitoclax", "CC1=C(C(=C(N1C(C)C)C2=CC=C(C=C2)Cl)C3=CC(=CC(=C3)F)N4CCN(CC4)C5=CC=C(C=C5)NS(=O)(=O)C6=CC(=C(C=C6)N[C@H](CCN7CCC(CC7)C(=O)OCCCP(=O)(O)O)CSC8=CC=CC=C8)S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F)S(=O)(=O)C", ["Pelcitoclax is under investigation in clinical trial NCT04210037 (Study of Combination APG-1252 Plus Paclitaxel in Patients With Relapsed/refractory Small Cell Lung Cancer).", "Pelcitoclax is a Bcl-2 homology (BH)-3 mimetic and selective inhibitor of the anti-apoptotic proteins B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and Bcl-XL, with potential pro-apoptotic and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, pelcitoclax specifically binds to and inhibits the activity of the pro-survival proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL. This restores apoptotic processes and inhibits cell proliferation in Bcl-2/Bcl-XL-dependent tumor cells. Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL, proteins belonging to the Bcl-2 family that are overexpressed in many cancers, play an important role in the negative regulation of apoptosis; tumor expression is associated with increased drug resistance and cancer cell survival."]], ["Technetium Tc 99m sulfur colloid", "S1SSSSSSS1.[99Tc]", ["Technetium 99m sulfur colloid is a radiopharmaceutical diagnostic agent used in the evaluation of various conditions including lymph node metastases in breast cancer, detection of shunt patency, imaging of reticuloendothelial cells for assessment of liver function, and studies of esophageal transit and gastroesophageal reflux.  Following injection or oral administration, single photon emission computer tomography (SPECT) imaging is performed using a gamma camera to detect technetium-99m decay. This is possible as Technetium-99m decays by isomeric transition to technetium-99 through the release of a gamma ray. Depending on site of administration and intended usage, Technetium 99m sulfur colloid enters the capillaries and is transported to the lymph nodes (subcutaneous injection), mixes with peritoneal fluid (intraperitoneal injection), is taken up by reticulocytes (intravenous injection), or enters the gastroesphageal tract (oral administration).", "Technetium tc-99m sulfur colloid is a Radioactive Diagnostic Agent. The mechanism of action of technetium tc-99m sulfur colloid is as a Radiopharmaceutical Activity.", "Technetium Tc-99m Sulfur Colloid is a gamma-emitting colloid used in scintillation scanning of the reticuloendothelial system (RES). After intravenous administration, technetium Tc 99m sulfur colloid is phagocytized by the reticuloendothelial system and concentrated in the liver, spleen, and bone marrow; detection/localization of phagocytized gamma ray-emitting colloid is performed with a gamma-ray scintillation camera. Scintillation scanning using technetium Tc 99m colloid sulfur helps determine the distribution and function of the RES and the extent to which tumor involves the RES. The RES includes cells types that can phagocytize and sequester inert particles and vital dyes; RES cell types include macrophages or macrophage precursors, specialized endothelial cells lining the sinusoids of the liver, spleen, and bone marrow, and reticular cells of lymphatic tissue and of bone marrow.", "A gamma-emitting radionuclide imaging agent used for the diagnosis of diseases in many tissues, particularly in the gastrointestinal system, liver, and spleen."]], ["Glucorafanin", "C[S@@](=O)CCCC/C(=N\\OS(=O)(=O)O)/S[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O1)CO)O)O)O", ["Glucorafanin is a natural product found in Brassica incana, Lepidium draba, and other organisms with data available."]], ["8,12,18-Trihydroxy-4-methyl-11,16-dioxosenecionanium", "C/C=C\\1/C[C@H]([C@@](C(=O)OCC2=CC[N@@+]3([C@]2([C@@H](CC3)OC1=O)O)C)(CO)O)C", ["8,12,18-Trihydroxy-4-methyl-11,16-dioxosenecionanium is a natural product found in Packera anonyma with data available."]], ["N-((1S)-1-(3-Chloro-1-naphthalenyl)ethyl)-2-(4-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-methyl-4-P iperidinyl)-N-methylacetamide", "C[C@@H](C1=CC(=CC2=CC=CC=C21)Cl)N(C)C(=O)CC3(CCN(CC3)C)C4=CC=C(C=C4)F", ["Gsk424887 has been used in trials studying the basic science and treatment of Depressive Disorder and Anxiety Disorder."]], ["[(2R,3S,4R,6S)-6-[(2R,2'R,3'S,3aR,4R,4'R,6S,7aR)-6-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-2-[(2R,3S,4S,5S,6S)-6-[(2R,3aS,3'aR,6S,6'R,7R,7'S,7aR,7'aR)-7'-acetyl-7'-hydroxy-6'-methyl-7-(2-methylpropanoyloxy)spiro[4,6,7,7a-tetrahydro-3aH-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-c]pyran-2,4'-6,7a-dihydro-3aH-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-c]pyran]-6-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-3-hydroxy-5-methoxy-6-methyloxan-4-yl]oxy-4'-hydroxy-2',4,7a-trimethylspiro[3a,4,6,7-tetrahydro-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-c]pyran-2,6'-oxane]-3'-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-2-methyloxan-3-yl] 3,5-dichloro-4-hydroxy-2-methoxy-6-methylbenzoate", "C[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@@H](C[C@@H](O1)O[C@@H]2[C@H](O[C@]3(C[C@H]2O)O[C@@H]4[C@H](O[C@H](C[C@]4(O3)C)O[C@@H]5[C@H]([C@@H](O[C@@H]([C@@H]5OC)C)O[C@@H]6[C@H](O[C@H]([C@H]([C@H]6O)OC)O[C@H]7[C@@H]([C@H]8[C@H](CO7)O[C@@]9(O8)[C@H]1[C@H]([C@@]([C@H](O9)C)(C(=O)C)O)OCO1)OC(=O)C(C)C)COC)O)C)C)O)OC(=O)C1=C(C(=C(C(=C1OC)Cl)O)Cl)C", ["(2R,3S,4R,6S)-6-{[(2R,3aR,4R,4'R,5'S,6S,6'R,7aR)-6-{[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-2-{[(2R,3S,4S,5S,6S)-6-({(2R,3aS,3a'R,6S,6'R,7R,7'S,7aR,7a'R)-7'-acetyl-7'-hydroxy-6'-methyl-7-[(2-methylpropanoyl)oxy]octahydro-4H-2,4'-spirobi[[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-c]pyran]-6-yl}oxy)-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl]oxy}-3-hydroxy-5-methoxy-6-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl]oxy}-4'-hydroxy-4,6',7a-trimethyloctahydro-4H-spiro[1,3-dioxolo[4,5-c]pyran-2,2'-pyran]-5'-yl]oxy}-4-hydroxy-2-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl 3,5-dichloro-4-hydroxy-2-methoxy-6-methylbenzoate (non-preferred name) is a natural product found in Streptomyces viridochromogenes with data available."]], ["Lorajmine hydrochloride", "CC[C@H]1[C@@H]2C[C@H]3[C@H]4[C@@]5(C[C@@H]([C@H]2[C@H]5OC(=O)CCl)N3[C@@H]1O)C6=CC=CC=C6N4C.Cl", ["A monochloroacetyl derivative of ajmaline. It is a class Ia antiarrhythmic agent that is rapidly hydrolyzed to ajmaline by plasma and tissue esterases."]], ["Cefilavancin", "C[C@H]1[C@H]([C@@](C[C@@H](O1)O[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O[C@H]2OC3=C4C=C5C=C3OC6=C(C=C(C=C6)[C@H]([C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@H]5C(=O)N[C@@H]7C8=CC(=C(C=C8)O)C9=C(C=C(C=C9O)O)[C@H](NC(=O)[C@H]([C@@H](C1=CC(=C(O4)C=C1)Cl)O)NC7=O)C(=O)NCCCO/N=C(/C1=C(SC(=N1)N)Cl)\\C(=O)N[C@H]1[C@@H]2N(C1=O)C(=C(CS2)C[N+]1=CC=CC=C1)C(=O)[O-])CC(=O)N)NC(=O)[C@@H](CC(C)C)NC)O)Cl)CO)O)O)(C)N)O", ["Cefilavancin is a covalently-linked glycopeptide-cephalosporin (beta-lactam) heterodimer antibiotic that exhibits substantially greater activity than its component parts against Gram-positive bacteria."]], ["Padeliporfin", "CC[C@@H]1[C@H](C2=CC\\3=NC(=C(/C3=C(\\C)/[O-])C)C=C4[C@H]([C@@H](C(=N4)C(=C5C(=C(C(=N5)C=C1N2)C)C(=NCCS(=O)(=O)O)[O-])CC(=O)OC)CCC(=O)O)C)C.[Pd+2]", ["Padeliporfin is a water-soluble chlorophyll derivative and cytotoxic photosensitizer used for vascular-targeted photodynamic therapy for malignancies. Vascular-targeted photodynamic therapy (VTP), or vascular targeted photochemotherapy, is a focal treatment for localized prostate cancer. It aims to destroy only cancerous lesions of the prostate, rather than ablating the entire prostate gland. Padeliporfin was first approved by the European Commission on November 10, 2017, for the treatment of low-risk prostate cancer in adults meeting certain clinical criteria.", "Padeliporfin is a vascular-acting photosensitizer consisting of a water-soluble, palladium-substituted bacteriochlorophyll derivative with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, paldeliporfin is activated locally when the tumor bed is exposed to low-power laser light; reactive oxygen species (ROS) are formed upon activation and ROS-mediated necrosis may occur at the site of interaction between the photosensitizer, light and oxygen. Vascular-targeted photodynamic therapy (VTP) with padeliporfin may allow tumor-site specific cytotoxicity while sparing adjacent normal tissues."]], ["Samarium Sm 153 lexidronam", "C(CN(CP(=O)(O)[O-])CP(=O)(O)[O-])N(CP(=O)(O)O)CP(=O)(O)[O-].[153Sm+3]", ["Samarium Sm 153 lexidronam is a radioactive medication used to treat pain caused by cancer that has spread to the bone. It is a radiopharmaceutical. Radiopharmaceuticals are radioactive agents that may be used to diagnose some diseases by studying the function of the body's organs or to treat certain diseases.Samarium Sm 153 lexidronam is used to help relieve the bone pain that may occur with certain kinds of cancer. The radioactive samarium is taken up in the bone cancer area and gives off radiation that helps provide relief of pain."]], ["Cytidine 5'-diphosphate choline", "[H+].C[N+](C)(C)CCOP(=O)([O-])OP(=O)([O-])OC[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O1)N2C=CC(=NC2=O)N)O)O", ["Nicholin is a natural product found in Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and other organisms with data available.", "Citicoline is a nutritional supplement and source of choline and cytidine with potential neuroprotective and nootropic activity. Citicoline, also known as cytidine-5-diphosphocholine or CDP-choline, is hydrolyzed into cytidine and choline in the intestine. Following absorption, both cytidine and choline are dispersed, utilized in various biosynthesis pathways, and cross the blood-brain barrier for resynthesis into citicoline in the brain, which is the rate-limiting product in the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine. This agent also increases acetylcholine (Ach), norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine levels in the central nervous system (CNS). In addition, citicoline is involved in the preservation of sphingomyelin and cardiolipin and the restoration of Na+/K+-ATPase activity. Citicoline also increases glutathione synthesis and glutathione reductase activity, and exerts antiapoptotic effects.", "Citicoline is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.", "Donor of choline in biosynthesis of choline-containing phosphoglycerides."]], ["Gadodiamidum", "CNC(=O)CN(CCN(CCN(CC(=O)NC)CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-].O.O.O.[Gd+3]", ["Gadodiamide is a paramagnetic gadolinium-based contrast agent (GBCA), with imaging activity upon magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). When placed in a magnetic field, gadodiamide generates a large local magnetic field, which can enhance the relaxation rate of nearby protons. This change in proton relaxation dynamics, iincreases the MRI signal intensity of tissues in which gadodiamide has accumulated; therefore, visualization of those tissues is enhanced."]], ["Levocarnitine tartrate", "[H+].[H+].C[N+](C)(C)C[C@@H](CC(=O)[O-])O.C[N+](C)(C)C[C@@H](CC(=O)[O-])O.[C@@H]([C@H](C(=O)[O-])O)(C(=O)[O-])O", ["L-Carnitine L-Tartrate is a dietary supplement containing the levo-enantiomers of carnitine and tartrate with potential chemoprotective and antioxidant activities. L-carnitine L-tartrate increases fatty acid oxidation and reduces purine catabolism and free radical formation, which may prevent exercise fatigue, muscle weakness, chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy, and hyperlipoproteinemia. L-carnitine, the biologically active form of carnitine, is a carrier molecule that transports activated long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) from the cytosol to mitochondria where fatty acids are oxidized, resulting in ATP production. L-tartrate, a salt of tartaric acid, is a potent antioxidant."]], ["Rosiptor", "C[C@@]1(CC[C@@H](C[C@@H]1CO)O)[C@H]2CC[C@]3([C@H]([C@@H]2CN)CCC3=C)C", ["AQX-1125 has been used in trials studying the treatment of COPD, Atopic Dermatitis, Interstitial Cystitis, and Bladder Pain Syndrome."]], ["Calcium dioxytetracycline", "C[C@@]1([C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H]3[C@@H](C(=O)C(=C([C@]3(C(=O)C2=C(C4=C1C=CC=C4O)O)O)[O-])C(=O)N)N(C)C)O)O.C[C@@]1([C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H]3[C@@H](C(=O)C(=C([C@]3(C(=O)C2=C(C4=C1C=CC=C4O)O)O)[O-])C(=O)N)N(C)C)O)O.[Ca+2]", ["A TETRACYCLINE analog isolated from the actinomycete STREPTOMYCES rimosus and used in a wide variety of clinical conditions."]], ["Dotatate lutenium Lu-177", "C[C@H]([C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](CSSC[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N1)CCCCN)CC2=CNC3=CC=CC=C32)CC4=CC=C(C=C4)O)NC(=O)[C@@H](CC5=CC=CC=C5)NC(=O)CN6CCN(CCN(CCN(CC6)CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)O)O.[177Lu+3]", ["A 177Lu-labeled somatostatin analog peptide, Lutetium Lu 177 dotatate belongs to an emerging form of treatments called Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy (PRRT), which involves targeting tumours with molecules carrying radioactive particles that bind to specific receptors expressed by the tumour. Lutetium Lu 177 dotatate may also be referred to as 177Lu-DOTA-Tyr3-octreotate. Compared to the alternative somatostatin analogue DOTA-Tyr3-octreotide (dotatoc), Lutetium Lu 177 dotatate displays higher uptake of radioactivity in tumors and better residence times. In terms of biodistribution, Lutetium Lu 177 dotatate demonstrated a lower whole-body retention, indicating potentially lower risk for bone marrow toxicity. The presence of a radioligand allows monitoring of treatment response post therapy and prior to next fraction of the dose delivery which may be clinically beneficial in estimating the intensity of lesion uptakes or deciding the dose for subsequent administrations.  Lutetium Lu 177 dotatate was approved by the FDA as Lutathera in January 2018 for intravenous injection. It is a first radiopharmaceutical agent to be approved for gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs) and is indicated for adult patients with somatostatin receptor-positive GEP-NETs. Targeting pancreas and other parts of the gastrointestinal tract such as the intestines and colon, neuroendocrine tumors may commonly metastasize to metastasize to the mesentery, peritoneum, and liver. Patients with GEP-NETs have limited second-line treatment options after the metastasis of tumors and inadequate therapeutic response from first-line therapies. In a clinical trial involving patients with advanced somatostatin receptor-positive GEP-NET, the treatment of Lutetium Lu 177 dotatate in combination with octreotide resulted in longer progression-free survival compared to patients receiving octreotide alone and there was evidence of an overall survival benefit.", "Lutetium Lu 177 Dotatate is a radioconjugate consisting of the tyrosine-containing somatostatin analog Tyr3-octreotate (TATE) conjugated with the bifunctional, macrocyclic chelating agent tetra-azacyclododecanetetra-acetic acid (DOTA) and radiolabeled with the beta-emitting radioisotope lutetium Lu 177, with potential imaging and antineoplastic activities. Lutetium Lu 177 dotatate binds to somatostatin receptors (SSTRs), with high affinity to type 2 SSTR, present on the cell membranes of many types of neuroendocrine tumor (NET) cells. Upon binding and internalization, this radioconjugate specifically delivers a cytotoxic dose of beta radiation to SSTR-positive cells. Tyr3-octreotate (TATE) is an octreotide derivative in which phenylalanine at position 3 is substituted by tyrosine and position 8 threoninol is replaced with threonine. SSTRs have been shown to be present in large numbers on NET and their metastases, while most other normal tissues express low levels of SSTRs."]], ["Indium In 111 pentetate", "[H+].[H+].C(CN(CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])N(CCN(CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-].[111In+3]", ["Indium In 111 Pentetate is a sterile, non-pyrogenic, isotonic solution of radioactive indium In 111 diethylenetriamine pentaacetate (DTPA). When administered intrathecally, indium In 111 pentetate percolates up the spinal canal with the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to the basal cisterns of the posterior and middle cranial fossas. This agent is used in radionuclide cisternography to image the flow of CSF, for the identification of abnormalities in CSF circulation, for location of sites of CSF leakage, and for evaluation of CSF shunt patency. Normally, this agent does not penetrate into the brain ventricles."]], ["Mafosfamida", "C1CO[P@@](=O)(N[C@H]1SCCS(=O)(=O)O)N(CCCl)CCCl", ["Mafosfamide has been used in trials studying the treatment of Lymphoma, Leukemia, Meningeal Neoplasm, and Brain and Central Nervous System Tumors.", "Mafosfamide is a synthetic oxazaphosphorine derivative with antineoplastic properties.  Mafosfamide alkylates DNA, forming DNA cross-links and inhibiting DNA synthesis.  Although closely related to cyclophosphamide, mafosfamide, unlike cyclophosphamide, does not require hepatic activation to generate its active metabolite 4-hydroxy-cyclophosphamide; accordingly, mafosfamide is potentially useful in the intrathecal treatment of neoplastic meningitis. (NCI04)"]], ["Ferrlecit", "C([C@@H]1[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](O1)O[C@]2([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O2)CO)O)O)CO)O)O)O)O.C([C@@H]1[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](O1)O[C@]2([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O2)CO)O)O)CO)O)O)O)O.C([C@@H]1[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](O1)O[C@]2([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O2)CO)O)O)CO)O)O)O)O.C([C@@H]1[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](O1)O[C@]2([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O2)CO)O)O)CO)O)O)O)O.C([C@@H]1[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](O1)O[C@]2([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O2)CO)O)O)CO)O)O)O)O.C([C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](C(=O)[O-])O)O)O)O)O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Na+].[Fe+3].[Fe+3]", ["Sodium ferric gluconate complex is an iron replacement product for treatment of iron deficiency anemia. The stable macromolecular complex is negatively charged at alkaline pH with an apparent molecular weight of 289,000 \u2013 440,000 daltons on gel chromatography. It is composed of iron (III) oxide hydrate directly bonded to sucrose with a chelating gluconate function in a molar ratio of two iron molecules to one gluconate. It is used in adult and in pediatric patients over the age of 6 years with chronic kidney disease (CKD) receiving hemodialysis and receiving supplemental epoetin therapy.", "Sodium ferric gluconate complex is a Parenteral Iron Replacement."]], ["Indium in 111 pentetreotide", "[H+].C[C@H]([C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](CSSC[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N1)CCCCN)CC2=CNC3=CC=CC=C32)CC4=CC=CC=C4)NC(=O)[C@@H](CC5=CC=CC=C5)NC(=O)CN(CCN(CCN(CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])C(=O)N[C@H](CO)[C@@H](C)O)O.[In+3]", ["Indium in-111 pentetreotide is a Radioactive Diagnostic Agent. The mechanism of action of indium in-111 pentetreotide is as a Radiopharmaceutical Activity."]], ["Gilteritinib fumarate", "CCC1=C(N=C(C(=N1)C(=O)N)NC2=CC(=C(C=C2)N3CCC(CC3)N4CCN(CC4)C)OC)NC5CCOCC5.CCC1=C(N=C(C(=N1)C(=O)N)NC2=CC(=C(C=C2)N3CCC(CC3)N4CCN(CC4)C)OC)NC5CCOCC5.C(=C/C(=O)O)\\C(=O)O", ["Gilteritinib Fumarate is the fumarate salt form of gilteritinib, an orally bioavailable inhibitor of the receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3; STK1; FLK2), AXL (UFO; JTK11), anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK; CD246), and leukocyte receptor tyrosine kinase (LTK), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, gilteritinib binds to and inhibits both the wild-type and mutated forms of FLT3, AXL, ALK and LTK. This may result in an inhibition of FLT3-, AXL-, ALK-, and LTK-mediated signal transduction pathways and reduced proliferation in cancer cells that overexpress these RTKs. FLT3, AXL, ALK, and LTK, which are overexpressed or mutated in a variety of cancer cell types, play key roles in tumor cell growth and survival."]], ["Iobenguane sulfate I-131", "C1=CC(=CC(=C1)[131I])CN=C(N)N.C1=CC(=CC(=C1)[131I])CN=C(N)N.OS(=O)(=O)O", ["Iobenguane Sulfate I-131 is the sulfate salt form of iobenguane, an iodine-131 labeled aralkylguanidine norepinephrine analogue used as a diagnostic imaging tracer. Iobenguane is structurally related to guanethidine and norepinephrine. This agent, functioning as a false substrate of norepinephrine, is taken up and localized in the granules of pre-synaptic adrenergic neurons, thus making this compound useful for the imaging of neuroendocrine tissues and tumors."]], ["Bronkometer", "CC[C@H]([C@H](C1=CC(=C(C=C1)O)O)O)NC(C)C.CS(=O)(=O)O", ["Adrenergic beta-2 agonist used as bronchodilator for emphysema, bronchitis and asthma."]], ["((1R,3S)-1-amino-3-((R)-6-hexyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-yl)cyclopentyl)methanol", "CCCCCC[C@@H]1CCC2=C(C1)C=CC(=C2)[C@H]3CC[C@@](C3)(CO)N", ["BMS-986104 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02211469 (A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind, Single Ascending Dose Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of BMS-986104 in Healthy Male Subjects)."]], ["5-Bromo-N-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)pyrimidine-4,6-diamine", "C#CCNC1=NC(=NC(=C1Br)N)N2C=NC=N2", ["Adenosine A2A Receptor Antagonist/Phosphodiesterase 10A PBF-999 is an orally bioavailable inhibitor of both the adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR; ADORA2A) and phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE-10A), with potential immunomodulating and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, A2A/PDE-10A inhibitor PBF-999 selectively binds to and inhibits A2AR expressed on T-lymphocytes. This blocks tumor-released adenosine from interacting with A2AR and prevents the adenosine/A2AR-mediated inhibition of T-lymphocytes. This results in the proliferation and activation of T-lymphocytes and stimulates a T-cell-mediated immune response against tumor cells. A2AR, a G protein-coupled receptor, is highly expressed on the cell surfaces of T-cells and, upon activation by adenosine, inhibits T-cell proliferation and activation. Adenosine is often overproduced by cancer cells and plays a key role in immunosuppression. In addition, PBF-999 binds to and inhibits the activity of PDE-10A, thereby preventing the degradation of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) and activates cGMP/cGMP-dependent protein kinase G (PKG) signaling. This induces beta-catenin degradation and thereby prevents the translocation of beta-catenin into the nucleus, and the beta-catenin-mediated induction of transcription of survival proteins, such as cyclin D1 and survivin. It also suppresses RAS/RAF/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling. This induces apoptosis and inhibits the growth of tumor cells in which PDE-10A is overexpressed. PDE-10A is a cGMP-degrading PDE isozyme that is highly expressed in the brain and overexpressed in certain types of tumor cells. Elevation of intracellular cGMP is known to inhibit tumor proliferation and induce apoptosis. cGMP levels are low in cancer cells resulting from the overexpression PDE-10A."]], ["Sodium;7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-propan-2-ylindol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoate;hydrate", "CC(C)N1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=C1C=CC(CC(CC(=O)[O-])O)O)C3=CC=C(C=C3)F.O.[Na+]", ["An indole-heptanoic acid derivative that inhibits HMG COA REDUCTASE and is used to treat HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA. In contrast to other statins, it does not appear to interact with other drugs that inhibit CYP3A4."]], ["Abexinostat tosylate", "CC1=CC=C(C=C1)S(=O)(=O)O.CN(C)CC1=C(OC2=CC=CC=C21)C(=O)NCCOC3=CC=C(C=C3)C(=O)NO", ["Abexinostat Tosylate is the tosylate salt form of abexinostat, an orally bioavailable hydroxamate-based pan-inhibitor of histone deacetylase (HDAC), with potential antineoplastic and radiosensitizing activities. Upon administration, abexinostat inhibits HDAC, resulting in an accumulation of highly acetylated histones, followed by the induction of chromatin remodeling; the selective transcription of tumor suppressor genes; and the tumor suppressor protein-mediated inhibition of tumor cell division and induction of tumor cell apoptosis. In addition, abexinostat decreases the expression of the DNA-repair protein RAD51, thereby reducing the RAD51 protein, preventing repair of DNA double-strand breaks and increasing sensitivity of tumor cells to DNA damaging agents. HDAC, upregulated in many tumor types, is an enzyme that is responsible for the deacetylation of chromatin histone proteins."]], ["Cefiderocol", "CC(C)(C(=O)O)O/N=C(/C1=CSC(=N1)N)\\C(=O)N[C@H]2[C@@H]3N(C2=O)C(=C(CS3)C[N+]4(CCCC4)CCNC(=O)C5=C(C(=C(C=C5)O)O)Cl)C(=O)[O-]", ["Cefiderocol is a cephalosporin antibacterial drug and exerts a mechanism of action similar to other \u03b2-lactam antibiotics. Unlike other agents in this category, cefiderocol is a siderophore able to undergo active transport into the bacterial cell through iron channels. It represents a significant addition to antibacterial treatment option as it has proven to be effective *in vitro* against multidrug resistant strains including extended spectrum \u03b2-lactamase producers and carbapenemase producing bacteria.  Cefiderocol was granted designation as a Qualified Infectious Disease Product and granted priority review status by the FDA on November 14, 2019. It is indicated for use in complicated urinary tract infections in patients with limited or no alternative treatments available. This indication was supported by a positive clinical trial composed of 448 patients with complicated urinary tract infections which demonstrated a 72.6% rate of symptom resolution and bacterial eradication with cefiderocol compared to 54.6% with the comparator, imipenem/cilastatin. A concern noted in the trial was a 0.3% higher rate of all cause mortality, the cause of which has not been determined.", "Cefiderocol is a Cephalosporin Antibacterial."]], ["Cyclo(L-asparaginyl-L-leucyl-D-phenylalanyl-N5-acetyl-N5-hydroxy-L-ornithyl-N5-acetyl-N5-hydroxy-L-ornithyl-N5-acetyl-N5-hydroxy-L-ornithyl), aluminum salt (1:1)", "CC(C)C[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N1)CC(=O)N)CCCN(C(=O)C)[O-])CCCN(C(=O)C)[O-])CCCN(C(=O)C)[O-])CC2=CC=CC=C2.[Al+3]", ["Antifungal Agent VL-2397 is a cyclic hexapeptide and natural compound isolated from the Malaysian leaf litter fungus, Acremonium persicinium MF-347833, with potential antifungal activity against various invasive fungal infections including invasive aspergillosis (IA). Upon administration, VL-2397, by resembling the siderophore ferrichrome, is specifically taken up by fungal cells through the membrane-bound transporter siderophore iron transporter 1 (Sit; Sit1). Upon fungal cell entry, VL-2397 targets and binds to an as of yet undisclosed intracellular site, thereby killing fungal cells. Since mammalian cells lack the Sit1 transporter, VL-2397 is not taken up by human cells."]], ["Zidebactam", "C1C[C@H](CNC1)C(=O)NNC(=O)[C@@H]2CC[C@@H]3CN2C(=O)N3OS(=O)(=O)O", ["Zidebactam is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02674347 (MAD Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability and Pharmacokinetics of Intravenous Zidebactam in Healthy Adults)."]], ["(6R)-6-[(2S)-2-[[(4aR,12aS,14aR)-11-carboxy-4,4,6a,6b,8a,11,14b-heptamethyl-14-oxo-2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14a-dodecahydro-1H-picen-3-yl]oxy]-6-carboxy-4,5-dihydroxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid;azane", "CC1([C@@H]2CCC3([C@@H](C2(CCC1O[C@@H]4C(C(C(C(O4)C(=O)O)O)O)O[C@H]5C(C(C(C(O5)C(=O)O)O)O)O)C)C(=O)C=C6C3(CCC7([C@@H]6CC(CC7)(C)C(=O)O)C)C)C)C.N.N", ["Diammonium Glycyrrhizinate is the diammonium salt of glycyrrhizin and the active constituent in the traditional Chinese medicinal herb Glycyrrhiza uralensis (Chinese liquorice or Gan-Cao) with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and hepatoprotective properties. Diammonium glycyrrhizinate (DG) is slowly metabolized within the cells into glycyrrhetic acid, which inhibits enzymes that control cortisol metabolism and contributes to this agent's anti-inflammatory effect. Although the exact mechanism of action remains to be fully elucidated, DG may prevent or reduce hepatotoxicity via the scavenging of free radicals. This agent also upregulates the expression of transcription coactivator PGC-1alpha and modulates hepatic enzymes such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), superoxide dismutase and glutathion peroxidase.", "A widely used anti-inflammatory agent isolated from the licorice root. It is metabolized to GLYCYRRHETINIC ACID, which inhibits 11-BETA-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASES and other enzymes involved in the metabolism of CORTICOSTEROIDS. Therefore, glycyrrhizic acid, which is the main and sweet component of licorice, has been investigated for its ability to cause hypermineralocorticoidism with sodium retention and potassium loss, edema, increased blood pressure, as well as depression of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system."]], ["Lipegfilgrastim", "CC(C(C(=O)O)N)OC1C(C(C(C(O1)COC2(CC(C(C(O2)C(C(CO)O)O)NC(=O)CNC(=O)OCCOC)O)C(=O)O)O)O)NC(=O)C", ["Lipegfilgrastim, previously known as XM22, is a pegylated, recombinant granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) that was synthetized using a highly site-specific glycoPEGylation technology. It is used as an alternate to [DB00019] for prophylactic use in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy and at risk for developing chemotherapy-induced neutropenia. Since July 2013, lipegfilgrastim is marketed by the EMA as Lonquex for subcutaneously injection, where it is administered once following cytotoxic chemotherapy for each chemotherapy cycle in adult patients being treated with cytotoxic chemotherapy for malignancy. It aims to reduce the duration of neutropenia and the incidence of febrile neutropenia.  Neutropenia and febrile neutropenia (FN) are frequent and potentially fatal complications that occur from myelosuppressive anticancer treatments. Severe chemotherapy-induced neutropenia and febrile neutropenia significantly increases the risk for life-threatening infection and sepsis. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factors (G-CSFs) were introduced in the 1980's to the clinical setting to stimulate neutrophil proliferation and differentiation, thereby reducing the duration and severity of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia. Lipegfilgrastim is a covalent conjugate of [DB00099] with a single methoxy polyethylene glycol (PEG) molecule via a carbohydrate linker consisting of glycine, N-acetylneuraminic acid and N-acetylgalactosamine. The average molecular mass of lipegfilgrastim comprises 18,798 Da for [DB00099], 203 Da for GalNAc, 338 Da for glycylsialic acid and approximately 20,000 Da for PEG. PEG moiety protects the active molecule from enzyme degradation, which allows longer half-life of drug and less frequent dosing-schedule in addition to acceptable safety and efficacy profile.", "Lipegfilgrastim is a long acting glyco-pegylated recombinant form of human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), with hematopoietic activity. Similar to G-CSF, lipegfilgrastim binds to and activates specific cell surface receptors, and stimulates neutrophil progenitor proliferation and differentiation. Therefore, this agent may prevent the duration and incidence of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia. Compared to filgrastim, lipegfilgrastim has a prolonged plasma half-life."]], ["(R)-4-((3-chloro-2-fluorophenyl)amino)-7-methoxyquinazolin-6-yl 2,4-dimethylpiperazine-1-carboxylate", "C[C@@H]1CN(CCN1C(=O)OC2=C(C=C3C(=C2)C(=NC=N3)NC4=C(C(=CC=C4)Cl)F)OC)C", ["AZD-3759 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03360929 (Evaluate Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics and Anti-tumor Activity of AZD3759).", "Zorifertinib is an orally available inhibitor of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration,  zorifertinib binds to and inhibits the activity of EGFR as well as certain mutant forms of EGFR. This prevents EGFR-mediated signaling, and may lead to both induction of cell death and inhibition of tumor growth in EGFR-overexpressing cells. EGFR, a receptor tyrosine kinase mutated in many tumor cell types, plays a key role in tumor cell proliferation and tumor vascularization."]], ["(R)-N-((4-methoxy-6-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydropyridin-3-yl)methyl)-2-methyl-1-(1-(1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)piperidin-4-yl)ethyl)-1H-indole-3-carboxamide", "CC1=CC(=C(C(=O)N1)CNC(=O)C2=C(N(C3=CC=CC=C32)[C@H](C)C4CCN(CC4)CC(F)(F)F)C)OC", ["Potent and selective histone methyltransferase EZH2 inhibitor.", "Lirametostat is an orally available selective inhibitor of the histone lysine methyltransferase EZH2, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, lirametostat selectively inhibits the activity of both wild-type and mutated forms of EZH2. Inhibition of EZH2 specifically prevents the methylation of histone H3 on lysine 27 (H3K27). This decrease in histone methylation alters gene expression patterns associated with cancer pathways and results in decreased proliferation of EZH2-expressing cancer cells. EZH2, a histone lysine methyltransferase (HMT) class enzyme and the catalytic subunit of the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), is overexpressed or mutated in a variety of cancer cells and plays a key role in tumor cell proliferation; its expression is correlated with tumor initiation, progression, stem cell self-renewal, migration and angiogenesis."]], ["Fgf/fgfr pathway inhibitor E7090", "CNC(=O)N1C=CC2=CC(=C(C=C21)OCCOC)OC3=CC(=NC=C3)NC(=O)C4=CC=C(C=C4)C5CCN(CC5)CCO", ["Tasurgratinib is an inhibitor of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF)/fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) pathway, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, tasurgratinib selectively interferes with the binding of FGF to FGFR through an as of yet not fully elucidated mechanism. This inhibits FGFR-mediated signaling and leads to both cell proliferation inhibition and cell death in FGFR-overexpressing tumor cells. FGFR is a receptor tyrosine kinase essential to tumor cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival; its expression is upregulated in many tumor cell types."]], ["Seviteronel", "CC(C)[C@](C1=CC2=CC(=C(C=C2C=C1)OC(F)F)OC(F)F)(C3=NNN=C3)O", ["Seviteronel has been used in trials studying the treatment of CRPC, Prostate Cancer, and Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer.", "Seviteronel is an orally available non-steroidal, lyase-selective inhibitor of the steroid 17-alpha-hydroxylase/C17,20 lyase (CYP17A1 or CYP17), with potential anti-androgenic and antineoplastic activities. Upon oral administration, seviteronel selectively inhibits the enzymatic activity of the cytochrome P450 C17,20 lyase in both the testes and adrenal glands, thereby inhibiting androgen production. This may decrease androgen-dependent growth signaling and may inhibit cell proliferation of androgen-dependent tumor cells. The cytochrome P450 enzyme CYP17A1, localized to the endoplasmic reticulum, exhibits both 17alpha-hydroxylase and 17,20-lyase activities; it plays a key role in the steroidogenic pathway. The lyase-selective activity of seviteronel prevents the increased synthesis of mineralocorticoids that is normally seen with non-selective CYP17 inhibitors, which also inhibit the 17-alpha-hydroxylase activity of CYP17A1."]], ["2-amino-4,6-dimethyl-3-oxo-1-N,9-N-bis[(3S,6S,7R,10S,16S)-7,11,14-trimethyl-2,5,9,12,15-pentaoxo-3,10-di(propan-2-yl)-8-oxa-1,4,11,14-tetrazabicyclo[14.3.0]nonadecan-6-yl]phenoxazine-1,9-dicarboxamide", "C[C@@H]1[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N2CCC[C@H]2C(=O)N(CC(=O)N([C@H](C(=O)O1)C(C)C)C)C)C(C)C)NC(=O)C3=C4C(=C(C=C3)C)OC5=C(C(=O)C(=C(C5=N4)C(=O)N[C@H]6[C@H](OC(=O)[C@@H](N(C(=O)CN(C(=O)[C@@H]7CCCN7C(=O)[C@@H](NC6=O)C(C)C)C)C)C(C)C)C)N)C", ["Actinomycin d appears as bright red rhomboid prisms or red powder. (NTP, 1992)", "A compound composed of a two CYCLIC PEPTIDES attached to a phenoxazine that is derived from STREPTOMYCES parvullus. It binds to DNA and inhibits RNA synthesis (transcription), with chain elongation more sensitive than initiation, termination, or release. As a result of impaired mRNA production, protein synthesis also declines after dactinomycin therapy. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p2015)"]], ["Plaquenil", "CC[NH+](CCCC(C)NC1=C2C=CC(=CC2=[NH+]C=C1)Cl)CCO", ["Hydroxychloroquine(2+) is a quinolinium ion obtained by protonation of the quinoline nitrogen and tertiary amino group of the antimalarial drug hydroxychloroquine. It is the major species at pH 7.3. It is a quinolinium ion and a tertiary ammonium ion. It is a conjugate acid of a hydroxychloroquine.", "A chemotherapeutic agent that acts against erythrocytic forms of malarial parasites. Hydroxychloroquine appears to concentrate in food vacuoles of affected protozoa. It inhibits plasmodial heme polymerase. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p970)"]], ["Didronel", "CC(O)(P(=O)(O)O)P(=O)([O-])[O-].[Na+].[Na+]", ["A diphosphonate which affects calcium metabolism. It inhibits ectopic calcification and slows down bone resorption and bone turnover."]], ["Thyroxine sodium salt", "C1=C(C=C(C(=C1I)OC2=CC(=C(C(=C2)I)[O-])I)I)C[C@@H](C(=O)O)N.[Na+]", ["Levothyroxine Sodium is the sodium salt of levothyroxine, a synthetic levoisomer of thyroxine (T4) that is similar to the endogenous hormone produced by the thyroid gland. In peripheral tissues, levothyroxine is deiodinated by 5'-deiodinase to form triiodothyronine (T3). T3 enters the cell and binds to nuclear thyroid hormone receptors; the activated hormone-receptor complex in turn triggers gene expression and produces proteins required in the regulation of cellular respiration; thermogenesis; cellular growth and differentiation; and the metabolism of proteins, carbohydrates and lipids. T3 also exhibits cardiostimulatory effects.", "The major hormone derived from the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is synthesized via the iodination of tyrosines (MONOIODOTYROSINE) and the coupling of iodotyrosines (DIIODOTYROSINE) in the THYROGLOBULIN. Thyroxine is released from thyroglobulin by proteolysis and secreted into the blood. Thyroxine is peripherally deiodinated to form TRIIODOTHYRONINE which exerts a broad spectrum of stimulatory effects on cell metabolism."]], ["Benzamide, 3-((4-((4-((((5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-2-methoxy-3-((methylsulfonyl)amino)phenyl)amino)carbonyl)amino)-1-naphthalenyl)oxy)-2-pyrimidinyl)amino)-5-ethynyl-N-(2-(2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy)ethyl)-", "CC(C)(C)C1=CC(=C(C(=C1)NS(=O)(=O)C)OC)NC(=O)NC2=CC=C(C3=CC=CC=C32)OC4=NC(=NC=C4)NC5=CC(=CC(=C5)C(=O)NCCOCCOCCOC)C#C", ["TOP-1288 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02888379 (Phase 2a Study to Evaluate the Safety/Tolerability and Efficacy of TOP1288 200 mg Rectal Solution Once Daily for 4 Weeks in Ulcerative Colitis)."]], ["Glyxambi", "CC#CCN1C2=C(N=C1N3CCC[C@H](C3)N)N(C(=O)N(C2=O)CC4=NC5=CC=CC=C5C(=N4)C)C.CO[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O1)C2=CC(=C(C=C2)Cl)CC3=CC=C(C=C3)O[C@H]4CCOC4)O)O)O", ["Empagliflozin/Linagliptin is a fixed dose combination of empagliflozin, an inhibitor of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2; SLC5A2), and linagliptin, a dihydropurinedione-based inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4), with antihyperglycemic activity. Upon oral administration of empagliflozin/linagliptin, empagliflozin selectively and potently inhibits SGLT2 in the kidneys, thereby suppressing the reabsorption of glucose in the proximal tubule. Inhibition of SGLT2 increases urinary glucose excretion by the kidneys, resulting in a reduction of plasma glucose levels in an insulin-independent manner. Linagliptin binds to and inhibits DPP-4, thereby inhibiting the breakdown of the incretin hormones, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP). This prolongs the activity of these incretin hormones, increases postprandial insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells, decreases glucagon secretion and lowers blood glucose levels. SGLT2, a transport protein exclusively expressed in the proximal renal tubules, mediates approximately 90% of renal glucose reabsorption from tubular fluid. DPP-4 is a serine protease that degrades the incretin hormones GLP-1 and GIP, which play important roles in the regulation of glucose homeostasis."]], ["Zalsenertant tetraxetan lutetium LU-177", "CC(C)C1=C(C=CC(=C1)C(=O)N(C)CCCN(C)CCCN(C)C(=O)CN2CCN(CCN(CCN(CC2)CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])N3C(=CC(=N3)C(=O)NC4(C5CC6CC(C5)CC4C6)C(=O)O)C7=C(C=CC=C7OC)OC.[177Lu+3]", ["Lutetium Lu 177 Zalsenertant Tetraxetan is a radioconjugate consisting of the neurotensin receptor type 1 (NTR1) antagonist, IPN01087 (3BP-227), that is linked, via the chelating agent, dodecanetetraacetic acid (DOTA), to the beta-emitting radioisotope lutetium Lu 177, with potential antineoplastic activity and imaging activity during positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT). Upon administration, lutetium Lu 177 zalsenertant tetraxetan binds to NTR1 expressed on certain tumor cells. Upon binding and internalization, this radioconjugate specifically delivers a cytotoxic dose of beta radiation to NTR1-expressing cells. NTR1, a G-protein coupled receptor, is highly expressed in ductal pancreatic adenocarcinoma but not in normal pancreatic tissue."]], ["Vimseltinib", "CC1=C(C=CC(=N1)C2=CN=C(N(C2=O)C)NC(C)C)OC3=CC(=NC=C3)C4=CN(N=C4)C", ["Vimseltinib is an orally bioavailable inhibitor of the tyrosine kinase receptor colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R; CSF-1R; C-FMS; CD115; M-CSFR), with potential antineoplastic, macrophage checkpoint-inhibitory and immunomodulating activities. Upon administration, vimseltinib targets and binds to CSF1R expressed on monocytes, macrophages, and osteoclasts and inhibits the binding of the CSF1R ligands colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) and interleukin-34 (IL-34), to CSF1R. This prevents CSF1R activation and CSF1R-mediated signaling in these cells. This blocks the production of inflammatory mediators by macrophages and monocytes and reduces inflammation. By blocking the recruitment to the tumor microenvironment (TME) and activity of CSF1R-dependent tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), vimseltinib inhibits the immunomodulating activity by macrophages and enhances T-cell infiltration and anti-tumor T-cell immune responses, which inhibits the proliferation of tumor cells. TAMs play key roles in the TME and allow for immune suppression; TAMs promote inflammation, tumor cell proliferation, angiogenesis, invasiveness and survival."]], ["Lerociclib", "CC(C)N1CCN(CC1)C2=CN=C(C=C2)NC3=NC=C4C=C5C(=O)NCC6(N5C4=N3)CCCCC6", ["Lerociclib is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02983071 (G1T38, a CDK 4/6 Inhibitor, in Combination With Fulvestrant in Hormone Receptor-positive, Her2-negative Locally Advanced or Metastatic Breast Cancer).", "Lerociclib is an orally bioavailable inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) types 4 (CDK4) and 6 (CDK6), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, lerociclib selectively inhibits CDK4 and CDK6, which inhibits the phosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein (Rb) early in the G1 phase, prevents CDK-mediated G1-S phase transition and leads to cell cycle arrest. This suppresses DNA replication and decreases tumor cell proliferation. CDK4 and 6 are serine/threonine kinases that are upregulated in many tumor cell types and play a key role in the regulation of both cell cycle progression from the G1-phase into the S-phase and tumor cell proliferation."]], ["Praliciguat", "C1=CC=C(C(=C1)CN2C(=CC(=N2)C3=NC=C(C(=N3)NCC(C(F)(F)F)(C(F)(F)F)O)F)C4=NOC=C4)F", ["Praliciguat is a member of the class of pyrazoles that is 5-fluoro-2-(1H-pyrazol-3-yl)pyrimidine which is substituted by a 2-fluorobenzyl group at position 1, 1,2-oxazol-3-yl group at position 5, and by a [3,3,3-trifluoro-2-hydroxy-2-(trifluoromethyl)propyl]nitrilo group at position 4. It is a soluble guanylate cyclase stimulator under clinical development for the treatment of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. It has a role as a soluble guanylate cyclase activator, an anti-inflammatory agent, a vasodilator agent and an antihypertensive agent. It is a member of isoxazoles, a member of pyrazoles, an organofluorine compound, an aminopyrimidine, a tertiary alcohol, a secondary amino compound and a member of monofluorobenzenes.", "Praliciguat is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03254485 (A Study of the Effect of IW-1973 on the Exercise Capacity of Patients With Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction (Hfpef))."]], ["[(1R,2R,4S)-4-[(2R)-2-[(1R,9S,12S,15R,16E,18R,19R,21R,23S,24E,30S,32S,35R)-1,18-dihydroxy-19,30-dimethoxy-15,17,21,23,29,35-hexamethyl-2,3,10,14,20-pentaoxo-11,36-dioxa-4-azatricyclo[30.3.1.04,9]hexatriaconta-16,24,26,28-tetraen-12-yl]propyl]-2-methoxycyclohexyl] 3-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpropanoate", "C[C@@H]1CC[C@H]2C[C@@H](C(=CC=C/C=C/[C@H](C[C@H](C(=O)[C@@H]([C@@H](/C(=C/[C@H](C(=O)C[C@H](OC(=O)[C@@H]3CCCCN3C(=O)C(=O)[C@@]1(O2)O)[C@H](C)C[C@@H]4CC[C@H]([C@@H](C4)OC)OC(=O)C(C)(CO)CO)C)/C)O)OC)C)C)C)OC", ["Temsirolimus is an inhibitor of cell proliferation and anticancer agent that is used as treatment of advanced renal cell cancer. Temsirolimus therapy is frequently associated with mild serum enzyme elevations, but has yet to be linked to instances of clinically apparent liver injury with jaundice."]], ["Illite", "[OH-].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-][Si]12O[Si](O1)(O2)[O-].[O-][Si]12O[Si](O1)(O2)[O-].[O-][Si]12O[Si](O1)(O2)[O-].[O-][Si]12O[Si](O1)(O2)[O-].[O-][Si]12O[Si](O1)(O2)[O-].[O-][Si]12O[Si](O1)(O2)[O-].[O-][Si]12O[Si](O1)(O2)[O-].[F-].[Mg+2].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[K+].[K+].[K+].[Fe+2]", ["illite is a mineral."]], ["Pegadricase", "COCCOC(=O)CCC(=O)NCCCC[C@@H](C(=O)O)N", ["Pegadricase is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01021241 (Safety and Efficacy Study of Intravenous Uricase-PEG 20)."]], ["iron(3+);(2S,3R,4R,5R)-6-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxyhexane-1,2,3,4,5-pentol", "C([C@@H]1[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](O1)OC[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](O2)OC[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](CO)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O.[Fe+3]", ["Iron deficiency is an extremely common condition and is the most frequent cause of anemia worldwide. Iron deficiency results when iron intake, iron stores, and loss of iron from the body do not adequately support production of erythrocytes, also known as red blood cells. Though it is generally considered non life-threatening, iron deficiency may considerably affect quality of life.  Ferric derisomaltose is a form of iron used in the treatment of iron deficiency. This drug is a complex of iron (III) hydroxide and derisomaltose. The latter is an iron carbohydrate oligosaccharide that works to release iron. Ferric derisomaltose was developed by Pharmacosmos Therapeutics ad was granted FDA approval in January 2020. Clinical trials show that it is non-inferior to [iron sucrose], another form of iron that is often administered in iron deficiency, and less likely to cause serious hypersensitivity that is associated with other forms of injectable iron.", "Ferric Derisomaltose is an iron carbohydrate complex composed of ferric hydroxide and the carbohydrate derisomaltose, that may be used for the treatment of iron deficiency anemia. Upon intravenous administration of ferric derisomaltose, ferric iron is released and binds to transferrin. Transferrin-bound iron is transported to erythroid precursor cells and incorporated into hemoglobin."]], ["Damoctocog alfa pegol", "COCCOCC(COCCCNC(=O)CCN1C(=O)CC(C1=O)SC[C@@H](C(=O)O)N)OCCOC", ["In recent years, various extended half-life factor VIII and factor IX preparations have been studied and gained approval. In order to extend half-lives, techniques such as fusion to protein conjugates (Fc part of IgG1 or albumin), chemical modification (PEGylation), and protein sequence modification have been utilized.  Also known as, BAY94-9027, Damoctocog alfa pegol is a longer-acting Factor VIII therapy formulated with polyethylene glycol (PEG) to reduce the number of infusions necessary to prevent bleeds in patients diagnosed with Haemophilia A. This product has been engineered by Bayer and a biological license application has been filed with the FDA in August 2017 and FDA approved in August 2018."]], ["Lexaptepid pegol", "COCCOCCN(CC(=O)NCCCCCCOP(=O)(O)O)C(=O)COCCOC", ["Olaptesed Pegol has been investigated for the treatment of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation.", "Lexaptepid pegol has been used in trials studying the treatment of Anemia, Inflammation, Chronic Diseases, End Stage Renal Disease, and Anemia of Chronic Disease.", "Lexaptepid Pegol is a proprietary 44-nucleotide L-stereoisomer RNA oligonucleotide conjugated to a 40 kDa polyethylene glycol (PEG) that targets hepcidin with potential anti-anemic activity. Upon intravenous or subcutaneous administration, lexaptepid pegol binds to hepcidin and prevents it from binding to the iron channel ferroportin, located on the basolateral surface of gastrointestinal enterocytes and the plasma membrane of macrophages. This prevents hepcidin-induced internalization and degradation of ferroportin, thus decreasing macrophage iron retention. In turn, binding of NOX-H94 to hepcidin normalizes plasma iron levels and increases erythropoiesis. This may inhibit anemia caused by inflammation. Hepcidin, a peptide hormone that plays a key role in the homeostasis of systemic iron, is upregulated during acute and chronic inflammation in response to cytokines. The unique mirror-image configuration of this agent renders it resistant to hydrolysis and shows a low antigenicity profile. Pegylation increases the half-life of this agent.", "Olaptesed Pegol is a 45-mer L-stereoisomer RNA oligonucleotide linked to a 40 kDa polyethyleneglycol that targets the small chemokine stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1 or CXCL12) with potential antineoplastic and hematopoietic stem cell-mobilization activities. SDF-1 targeted agent NOX-A12 specifically binds to SDF-1 thereby preventing the binding of SDF-1 to its receptors CXCR4 and CXCR7 blocking the subsequent receptor activation. This may prevent angiogenesis, tumor cell proliferation, invasion and metastasis and could sensitize tumor cells to chemotherapy. In addition, inhibition of SDF-1/CXCR4 interaction may induce mobilization of hematopoietic cells from the bone marrow into blood. The unique mirror-image configuration of this agent renders it resistant to hydrolysis and does not hybridize with native nucleic acids. Furthermore, this agent does not induce the innate immune response and has shown a favorable immunogenicity profile."]], ["Denintuzumab mafodotin", "CC[C@H](C)[C@@H]([C@@H](CC(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC2=CC=CC=C2)C(=O)O)OC)OC)N(C)C(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)N(C)C(=O)CCCCCN3C(=O)CC(C3=O)SC[C@@H](C(=O)O)N", ["Vorsetuzumab mafodotin is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01677390 (A Phase 1b Study of SGN-75 in Combination With Everolimus in Patients With Renal Cell Carcinoma).", "Denintuzumab Mafodotin is an immunoconjugate consisting of an anti-CD19 monoclonal antibody conjugated to the auristatin derivative monomethyl auristatin F (MMAF), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration of denintuzumab mafodotin, the antibody moiety targets the cell surface antigen CD19, found on a number of B-cell-derived cancers. Upon antibody/antigen binding and internalization, the immunoconjugate releases MMAF, which binds to tubulin and inhibits its polymerization. Inhibition of tubulin polymerization may result in G2/M phase arrest and tumor cell apoptosis. This causes inhibition of cell growth of CD19-expressing tumor cells. CD19, a B-cell antigen, is overexpressed by a variety of different cancer cell types.", "Depatuxizumab Mafodotin is an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon intravenous infusion, depatuxizumab mafodotin inhibits the activity of EGFR, thereby preventing EGFR-mediated signaling. This may inhibit tumor growth in EGFR-overexpressing tumor cells. EGFR, a receptor tyrosine kinase overexpressed in certain tumor cell types, plays a key role in tumor cell proliferation and tumor vascularization.", "Vorsetzumab Mafodotin is an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) consisting of a humanized monoclonal antibody, directed against the extracellular domain of the human CD70 molecule, conjugated to the auristatin analogue monomethyl auristatin phenylalanine (MMAF), with potential antineoplastic activity. The anti-CD70 antibody moiety of vorsetuzumab mafodotin selectively binds to the extracellular domain of CD70 on tumor cell surfaces. Upon internalization, the MMAF moiety is released, binds to tubulin and inhibits its polymerization, which may result in G2/M phase arrest, tumor cell apoptosis and inhibition of cellular proliferation in tumor cells that overexpress CD70. CD70, the ligand for the costimulatory receptor CD27 and a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family, is found on the surfaces of various types of cancer cells."]], ["Rurioctocog alfa pegol", "COCCNC(=O)OCC(COC(=O)NCCOC)OCCCC(=O)NCCCC[C@@H](C(=O)O)N", ["Rurioctocog alfa pegol is a pegylated recombinant human coagulation factor VIII or antihemophilic factor. Factor VIII is an essential protein involved in normal blood clotting; thus, a deficient level of functional factor VIII is associated with an elevated risk for excessive bleeding caused by spontaneous or secondary events like trauma or surgery. Hemophilia A is the most common inherited bleeding disorder leading to deficiency of factor VIII, which is caused by defects in the F8C gene that encodes coagulation factor VIII. Bleeding in joints is a common manifestation of hemophilia A, and bleeding episodes can be severe and life-threatening like intracranial hemorrhage. Rurioctocog alfa pegol aims to restore functional levels of factor VIII in patients with hemophilia A to manage and prevent bleeding episodes. It was first approved by the European Commission in January 2018.  Rurioctocog alfa pegol is a covalent conjugate of [octocog alfa], which is a recombinant factor VIII produced by recombinant DNA technology from a Chinese hamster ovary cell line. The presence of the polyethylene glycol (PEG) moiety increases the plasma half-life of the drug, thereby increasing the drug's duration of action."]], ["Pegvaliase", "COCCOCCCCCC(=O)NCCCC[C@@H](C(=O)O)N", ["Pegvaliase is a recombinant phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) enzyme derived from Anabaena variabilis that converts phenylalanine to ammonia and trans-cinnamic acid. Both the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and European Medicines Agency approved pegvaliase-pqpz in May 2018 for the treatment of adult patients with phenylketonuria (PKU). Phenylketonuria is a rare autosomal recessive disorder that is characterized by deficiency of the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) and affects about 1 in 10,000 to 15,000 people in the United States. PAH deficiency and inability to break down an amino acid phenylalanine (Phe) leads to elevated blood phenylalanine concentrations and accumulation of neurotoxic Phe in the brain, causing chronic intellectual, neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disabilities if untreated. Individuals with PKU also need to be under a strictly restricted diet as Phe is present in foods and products with high-intensity sweeteners. The primary goal of lifelong treatment of PKU, as recommended by the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) guidelines, is to maintain blood Phe concentration in the range of 120 \u00b5mol/L to 3690 \u00b5mol/L.   Pegvaliase-pqpz, or PEGylated pegvaliase, is used as a novel enzyme substitution therapy and is marketed as Palynziq for subcutaneous injection. Pegvaliase-pqpz is a homotetrameric protein composed of recombinant phenylalanine ammonia lyase (rAvPAL) conjugated to N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS)-methoxypolyethylene glycol (PEG). It is advantageous over currently available management therapies for PKU, such as [DB00360], that are ineffective to many patients due to long-term adherence issues or inadequate Phe-lowering effects. The presence of a PEG moiety in pegvaliase-pqpz allows a reduced immune response and improved pharmacodynamic stability."]], ["Ralaniten acetate", "CC(=O)OC[C@H](COC1=CC=C(C=C1)C(C)(C)C2=CC=C(C=C2)OC[C@@H](CCl)OC(=O)C)OC(=O)C", ["Ralaniten Acetate is an orally bioavailable, small molecule inhibitor of the acetate form of ralaniten, a N-terminal domain (NTD) of the androgen receptor (AR), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration of ralaniten acetate, ralaniten specifically binds to the NTD of AR, thereby inhibiting both AR activation and the AR-mediated signaling pathway. This inhibits cell growth in AR-overexpressing tumor cells. AR is overexpressed in prostate cancers and is involved in proliferation, survival and chemoresistance of tumor cells."]], ["Dalpiciclib", "CC1=C(C(=O)N(C2=NC(=NC=C12)NC3=NC=C(C=C3)C4CCNCC4)C5CCCC5)C(=O)C", ["Dalpiciclib is a cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, dalpiciclib selectively inhibits cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) and 6 (CDK6). This inhibits retinoblastoma (Rb) protein phosphorylation early in the G1 phase, which prevents CDK-mediated G1-S phase transition and leads to cell cycle arrest. This suppresses DNA replication and decreases tumor cell proliferation. CDK4 and 6 are serine/threonine kinases that are upregulated in many tumor cell types and play a key role in the regulation of cell cycle progression."]], ["2-(1,3-Dimethyl-2,6-dioxo-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-7H-purin-7-yl)-N-(6-phenylpyridazin-3-yl)acetamide", "CN1C2=C(C(=O)N(C1=O)C)N(C=N2)CC(=O)NC3=NN=C(C=C3)C4=CC=CC=C4", ["Porcupine Inhibitor ETC-1922159 is an orally bioavailable inhibitor of the membrane-bound O-acyltransferase (MBOAT) porcupine (PORCN), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, ETC-1922159 binds to and inhibits PORCN in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which blocks post-translational palmitoylation of Wnt ligands and inhibits their secretion. This prevents the activation of Wnt ligands, interferes with Wnt-mediated signaling, and inhibits cell growth in Wnt-driven tumors. Porcupine catalyzes the palmitoylation of Wnt ligands, and plays a key role in Wnt ligand secretion. Wnt signaling is dysregulated in a variety of cancers."]], ["Alofanib", "CC1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=CN=CC=C2)NS(=O)(=O)C3=CC=CC(=C3)C(=O)O)[N+](=O)[O-]", ["Alofanib is an inhibitor of the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) type 2 (FGFR2), with potential antineoplastic and anti-angiogenic activities. Upon administration, alofanib targets, allosterically binds to the extracellular domain of FGFR2 and inhibits the activity of FGFR2, which may result in the inhibition of basic FGF (bFGF)/FGFR2-related signal transduction pathways. This inhibits FGF-induced endothelial cell proliferation and migration, and inhibits the proliferation of FGFR2-overexpressing tumor cells. FGFR2, a receptor tyrosine kinase upregulated in many tumor cell types, plays a key role in cellular proliferation, migration and survival."]], ["Alobresib", "CC1=C(C(=NO1)C)C2=CC(=C3C(=C2)NC(=N3)C4CC4)C(C5=CC=CC=N5)(C6=CC=CC=N6)O", ["Alobresib is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02607228 (Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics of GS-5829 as a Single Agent and In Combination With Enzalutamide in Participants With Metastatic Castrate-Resistant Prostate Cancer).", "Alobresib is an orally bioavailable inhibitor of the Bromodomain and Extra-Terminal (BET) family of proteins, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, alobresib binds to the acetylated lysine recognition motifs in the bromodomains of BET proteins, thereby preventing the interaction between the BET proteins and acetylated histones. This disrupts chromatin remodeling and gene expression. Prevention of the expression of certain growth-promoting genes may lead to an inhibition of proliferation in BET-overexpressing tumor cells. BET proteins, comprised of BRD2, BRD3, BRD4 and BRDT, are transcriptional regulators that play an important role during development and cellular growth."]], ["Redaporfin", "CNS(=O)(=O)C1=C(C(=C(C=C1)F)C2=C3CCC(=N3)C(=C4C=CC(=C(C5=NC(=C(C6=CC=C2N6)C7=C(C=CC(=C7F)S(=O)(=O)NC)F)CC5)C8=C(C=CC(=C8F)S(=O)(=O)NC)F)N4)C9=C(C=CC(=C9F)S(=O)(=O)NC)F)F", ["Redaporfin is a bacteriochlorin-based photosensitizer, with antineoplastic activity upon photodynamic therapy (PDT). Following intravenous administration, redaporfin preferentially accumulates in hyperproliferative tissues, such as tumors. Local application of laser light at the tumor site results in the absorption of light by this agent and a photodynamic reaction between LUZ 11 and oxygen. This results in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which includes singlet oxygen molecules, the superoxide ion, and other cytotoxic free radicals. The formation of ROS induces free radical-mediated DNA damage and cell death."]], ["(E)-3-(3,5-difluoro-4-((1R,3R)-2-(2-fluoro-2-methylpropyl)-3-methyl-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)phenyl)acrylic acid", "C[C@@H]1CC2=C([C@H](N1CC(C)(C)F)C3=C(C=C(C=C3F)/C=C/C(=O)O)F)NC4=CC=CC=C24", ["AZD-9496 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02248090 (AZD9496 First Time in Patients Ascending Dose Study).", "Selective Estrogen Receptor Degrader AZD9496 is an orally available selective estrogen receptor degrader (SERD), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, SERD AZD9496 binds to the estrogen receptor (ER) and induces a conformational change that results in the degradation of the receptor. This prevents ER-mediated signaling and inhibits the growth and survival of ER-expressing cancer cells."]], ["beta-Aminoarteether maleate", "C[C@@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]([C@H](O[C@H]3[C@@]24[C@H]1CC[C@](O3)(OO4)C)OCCN)C.C(=O)(C(=O)O)O", ["Beta-aminoarteether maleate is the maleate salt of beta-aminoarteether. Synthetic artemisinin derivative with potent immunosuppressive activity. It has a role as an allergen. It contains a beta-aminoarteether."]], ["Itacnosertib", "CN1CCN(CC1)C2=C(C=C(C=C2)NC3=NC=CC(=N3)NC4=C(N=CC=C4)C5=CC=CC=N5)OC", ["Itacnosertib is an orally bioavailable inhibitor of activin A receptor type 1 (activin receptor-like kinase 2; ALK2; ALK-2; ACRV1), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration,itacnosertib targets, binds to and inhibits the activity of ALK-2. This prevents ALK-2-mediated signaling and inhibits cell growth in ALK-2-overexpressing tumor cells. In addition, in cancer and inflammatory conditions, ALK-2 is upregulated in response to increased signaling of pro-inflammatory cytokines, especially interleukin-6 (IL-6), and enhances the secretion of hepcidin, a peptide liver hormone and a key modulator of iron homeostasis. Blocking ALK-2-mediated pathways in inflammation and cancer leads to a decrease of hepcidin expression and restores plasma iron levels, thereby preventing low serum iron levels and anemia of chronic disease (ACD). ALK-2, a serine/threonine receptor kinase, is constitutively activated due to activating mutations or upregulated upstream signaling pathways in inflammatory conditions and certain types of cancer."]], ["Tenalisib", "CC[C@@H](C1=C(C(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2O1)C3=CC(=CC=C3)F)NC4=NC=NC5=C4NC=N5", ["Tenalisib is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03711604 (Compassionate Use Study of Tenalisib (RP6530)).", "Tenalisib is an orally active, highly selective, small molecule inhibitor of the delta and gamma isoforms of phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K) with potential immunomodulating and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, tenalisib inhibits the PI3K delta and gamma isoforms and prevents the activation of the PI3K/AKT-mediated signaling pathway. This may lead to a reduction in cellular proliferation in PI3K delta/gamma-expressing tumor cells. In addition, this agent modulates inflammatory responses through various mechanisms, including the inhibition of both the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) from neutrophils and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha activity. Unlike other isoforms of PI3K, the delta and gamma isoforms are overexpressed primarily in hematologic malignancies and in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. By selectively targeting these isoforms, PI3K signaling in normal, non-neoplastic cells is minimally impacted or not affected at all, which minimizes the side effect profile for this agent."]], ["Zunsemetinib", "CC1=CC(=C(C(=O)N1C2=CC(=NC=C2C)C3=NC(=NC=C3)C(C)(C)O)Cl)OCC4=C(C=C(C=N4)F)F", ["Zunsemetinib is an orally bioavailable, small molecule inhibitor of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase-activated protein kinase 2 (MAPKAPK2; MK2), with potential anti-inflammatory activity. Upon oral administration, zunsemetinib targets and binds to the p38MAPK-MK2 complex, thereby inhibiting the p38MAPK phosphorylation and activation of MK2. This inhibits p38MAPK/MK2-mediated inflammatory signaling pathway. This may result in the inhibition of the production of proinflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin (IL)-1-alpha, IL-1-beta and IL-6."]], ["Dasabuvir sodium anhydrous", "CC(C)(C)C1=CC(=CC(=C1OC)C2=CC3=C(C=C2)C=C(C=C3)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C)N4C=CC(=O)NC4=O.[Na+]", ["Dasabuvir sodium is an organic sodium salt having dasabuvir(1-) as the counterion; used (in the form of the hydrate) in combination with ombitasvir, paritaprevir and ritonavir (under the trade name Viekira Pak) for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection as well as cirrhosis of the liver. It has a role as an antiviral drug and a nonnucleoside hepatitis C virus polymerase inhibitor. It contains a dasabuvir(1-)."]], ["Nedisertib", "COC1=NN=C(C=C1)[C@H](C2=C(C=C(C(=C2)C3=NC=NC4=C3C=CC(=C4)N5CCOCC5)F)Cl)O", ["Nedisertib is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03770689 (Study of M3814 in Combination With Capecitabine and Radiotherapy in Rectal Cancer).", "Peposertib is an orally bioavailable inhibitor of DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) with potential antineoplastic activity, and potential sensitizing and enhancing activities for both chemo- and radiotherapies. Upon administration, peposertib binds to and inhibits the activity of DNA-PK, thereby interfering with the non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) process and preventing repair of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) caused by ionizing radiation or chemotherapeutic treatment. This increases chemo- and radiotherapy cytotoxicity and leads to enhanced tumor cell death. The enhanced ability of tumor cells to repair DSBs plays a major role in the resistance of tumor cells to chemo- and radiotherapy; DNA-PK plays a key role in the NHEJ pathway and DSB repair."]], ["Cipepofol", "C[C@H](C1CC1)C2=CC=CC(=C2O)C(C)C", ["HSK-3486 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT04620031 (A Study Evaluating Sedation of Intravenous Administration of HSK3486 Injectable Emulsion in ICU Patients Undergoing Mechanical Ventilation)."]], ["Eltanexor", "C1=C(C=C(C=C1C(F)(F)F)C(F)(F)F)C2=NN(C=N2)/C=C(\\C3=CN=CN=C3)/C(=O)N", ["Eltanexor is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02649790 (Study of the Safety, Tolerability and Efficacy of KPT-8602 in Patients With Relapsed/refractory Cancer Indications).", "Eltanexor is an orally bioavailable inhibitor of exportin-1 (XPO1; chromosome region maintenance 1 protein homolog; CRM1), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, eltanexor binds to the XPO1 cargo binding site, which prevents the XPO1-mediated nuclear export of cargo proteins such as tumor suppressor proteins (TSPs), including p53, p73, BRCA1/2, pRB, FOXO, and other growth regulatory proteins and leads to their selective accumulation in the nuclei of tumor cells. As a selective inhibitor of nuclear export (SINE), KPT-8602 restores the nuclear localization and function of tumor suppressing proteins which leads to the induction of apoptosis in tumor cells. XPO1, the major export factor that transports proteins from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, is overexpressed in a variety of cancer cell types while minimally expressed in normal, healthy cells. The export of tumor suppressor proteins into the cytoplasm prevents them from initiating apoptosis and leads to uncontrolled tumor cell proliferation."]], ["Treamid", "C1=CN=C(N1)CCNC(=O)CCCC(=O)NCCC2=NC=CN2", ["Treamid, also known as bisamide derivative of dicarboxylic acid (BDDA), is a complexing agent that has been found to chelate metal ions, including calcium, copper, iron, magnesium, and zinc. This drug has shown regenerative properties and restoration of the function of various tissues and organs. It is has been investigated in the clinical trials of NCT04428593 (Study to Assess Safety, Tolerability and Pharmacokinetics of Treamid in Healthy Volunteers) and NCT04527354 (Pilot Study to Assess Efficacy and Safety of Treamid in the Rehabilitation of Patients After COVID-19 Pneumonia) by PHARMENTERPRISES."]], ["Fenebrutinib", "C[C@H]1CN(CCN1C2=CN=C(C=C2)NC3=CC(=CN(C3=O)C)C4=C(C(=NC=C4)N5CCN6C7=C(CC(C7)(C)C)C=C6C5=O)CO)C8COC8", ["Fenebrutinib is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03174041 (A Drug-Drug Interaction Study Between GDC-0853 and Midazolam, Itraconazole, Rosuvastatin, and Simvastatin).", "Fenebrutinib is an orally available inhibitor of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, fenebrutinib inhibits the activity of BTK and prevents the activation of the B-cell antigen receptor (BCR) signaling pathway. This prevents both B-cell activation and BTK-mediated activation of downstream survival pathways, which leads to the inhibition of the growth of malignant B-cells that overexpress BTK. BTK, a member of the Src-related BTK/Tec family of cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases, is overexpressed in B-cell malignancies; it plays an important role in B-lymphocyte development, activation, signaling, proliferation and survival."]], ["Bms-986142", "CC1=C(C=CC=C1N2C(=O)C3=C(C(=CC=C3)F)N(C2=O)C)C4=C(C=C(C5=C4C6=C(N5)C[C@H](CC6)C(C)(C)O)C(=O)N)F", ["BMS-986142 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02880670 (Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism Study of Radiolabeled BMS-986142 in Healthy Male Subjects)."]], ["Evotaz", "CC(C)C1=NC(=CS1)CN(C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCN2CCOCC2)C(=O)N[C@H](CC[C@H](CC3=CC=CC=C3)NC(=O)OCC4=CN=CS4)CC5=CC=CC=C5.CC(C)(C)[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)[C@H](CN(CC2=CC=C(C=C2)C3=CC=CC=N3)NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)(C)C)NC(=O)OC)O)NC(=O)OC", ["Evotaz is a prescription medicine approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of HIV infection in adults and children who weigh at least 77 lb (35 kg). Evotaz is always used in combination with other HIV medicines."]], ["(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4-amino-2-[(1S,2S,3R,4S,6R)-4,6-diamino-3-[(2R,3R,5S,6R)-3-amino-6-(aminomethyl)-5-hydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-2-hydroxycyclohexyl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,5-diol;sulfate", "C1[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]1N)O[C@@H]2[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O2)CO)O)N)O)O)O[C@@H]3[C@@H](C[C@@H]([C@H](O3)CN)O)N)N.[O-]S(=O)(=O)[O-]", ["Tobramycin Sulfate is the sulfate salt of tobramycin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from the bacterium Streptomyces tenebrarius with bactericidal activity. Following active transport into the cell, tobramycin binds irreversibly to a specific aminoglycoside receptor on the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit and fixes the 30 S-50 S ribosomal complex at the start codon (AUG), interfering with the initiation of protein synthesis. In addition, this agent induces misreading of the mRNA template, which results in 1) detachment of the ribosomal complex and inhibition of protein elongation or 2) incorporation of the incorrect amino acids into the growing polypeptide chain and the production of abnormal or nonfunctional proteins. Altogether, cell permeability is altered and cell death ensues.", "An aminoglycoside, broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by Streptomyces tenebrarius. It is effective against gram-negative bacteria, especially the PSEUDOMONAS species. It is a 10% component of the antibiotic complex, NEBRAMYCIN, produced by the same species."]], ["(2S)-4-amino-N-[(1R,2S,3S,4R,5S)-5-amino-2-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4-amino-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-(aminomethyl)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-3-hydroxycyclohexyl]-2-hydroxybutanamide;sulfate", "C1[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]1NC(=O)[C@H](CCN)O)O[C@@H]2[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O2)CO)O)N)O)O)O[C@@H]3[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O3)CN)O)O)O)N.[O-]S(=O)(=O)[O-]", ["Amikacin Sulfate is the sulfate salt of amikacin, a broad-spectrum semi-synthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic, derived from kanamycin with antimicrobial property. Amikacin irreversibly binds to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, specifically in contact with 16S rRNA and S12 protein within the 30S subunit. This leads to interference with translational initiation complex and misreading of mRNA, thereby hampering protein synthesis and resulting in bactericidal effect. This agent is usually used in short-term treatment of serious infections due to susceptible strains of Gram-negative bacteria.", "A broad-spectrum antibiotic derived from KANAMYCIN. It is reno- and oto-toxic like the other aminoglycoside antibiotics."]], ["[(3R)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl] (1S)-1-phenyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-isoquinoline-2-carboxylate;butanedioate", "C1CN2CCC1[C@H](C2)OC(=O)N3CCC4=CC=CC=C4[C@@H]3C5=CC=CC=C5.C(CC(=O)[O-])C(=O)[O-]", ["A quinuclidine and tetrahydroisoquinoline derivative and selective M3 MUSCARINIC ANTAGONIST. It is used as a UROLOGIC AGENT in the treatment of URINARY INCONTINENCE."]], ["(S)-N-(6-chloro-9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-8-yl)-4-(2-((2S,6R)-2,6-dimethylmorpholino)-2-oxoethyl)-6,6-dimethylmorpholine-3-carboxamide mesylate", "C[C@@H]1CN(C[C@@H](O1)C)C(=O)CN2CC(OC[C@H]2C(=O)NC3=CC(=CC4=C3NC5=C4C=CN=C5)Cl)(C)C.CS(=O)(=O)O", ["MLN0415 is a novel, small molecule IKK2 inhibitor, discovered by Millennium scientists. In preclinical studies, MLN0415 was shown to decrease NF-kB activation and down-regulate the expression of a number of inflammatory proteins. Because inflammatory proteins play a critical role in inflammation and drive the inflammatory response to disease, controlling these proteins may prevent or slow disease progression."]], ["6-(2-Chloro-6-methylpyridin-4-yl)-5-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,2,4-triazin-3-amine", "CC1=CC(=CC(=N1)Cl)C2=C(N=C(N=N2)N)C3=CC=C(C=C3)F", ["Imaradenant is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03381274 (Oleclumab (MEDI9447) Egfrm NSCLC Novel Combination Study).", "Imaradenant is an orally bioavailable antagonist of the adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR; ADORA2A), with potential immunomodulating and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, imaradenant selectively binds to and inhibits A2AR expressed on T-lymphocytes. This blocks tumor-released adenosine from interacting with A2AR and prevents the adenosine/A2AR-mediated inhibition of T-lymphocytes. This results in the proliferation and activation of T-lymphocytes, and stimulates a T-cell-mediated immune response against tumor cells. A2AR, a G protein-coupled receptor, is highly expressed on the cell surfaces of T-cells and, upon activation by adenosine, inhibits T-cell proliferation and activation. Adenosine is often overproduced by cancer cells and plays a key role in immunosuppression."]], ["Parsaclisib", "CCOC1=C(C(=C(C=C1[C@H](C)N2C3=NC=NC(=C3C(=N2)C)N)Cl)F)[C@H]4CC(=O)NC4", ["Parsaclisib is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03126019 (An Open-Label Study of Parsaclisib in Relapsed or Refractory Follicular Lymphoma (CITADEL-203)).", "Parsaclisib is an inhibitor of the delta isoform of phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K) with potential antineoplastic activity. Parsaclisib inhibits the delta isoform of PI3K and prevents the activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. This both decreases proliferation and induces cell death in PI3K-delta-overexpressing tumor cells. Unlike other isoforms of PI3K, PI3K-delta is expressed primarily in hematopoietic disease and cell lineages. The targeted inhibition of PI3K-delta is designed to preserve PI3K signaling in normal, non-neoplastic cells. PI3K, an enzyme often overexpressed in cancer cells, plays a crucial role in tumor cell regulation and survival."]], ["Pemigatinib", "CCN1C2=C3C=C(NC3=NC=C2CN(C1=O)C4=C(C(=CC(=C4F)OC)OC)F)CN5CCOCC5", ["Pemigatinib is a small molecule kinase inhibitor with antitumour activity. It works by inhibiting fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs), which are receptor tyrosine kinases that activate signalling pathways in tumour cells. FGFRs gained attention as potential therapeutic targets in selected cancers, as FGFR gene alterations were observed in a wide variety of cancers including those of the urinary bladder, breast, ovary, prostate, endometrium, lung, and stomach. Deregulated FGFR signalling pathway can lead the development of oncogenes and tumour-promoting physiological processes, such as cancer cell proliferation, enhanced angiogenesis, and evasion of cell death.  In April 2020, pemigatinib was approved by the FDA for the treatment of unresectable locally advanced or metastatic cholangiocarcinoma in previously treated adult patients with a fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) gene fusion or other rearrangements as detected by an FDA-approved test. Cholangiocarcinoma is the most common primary malignancy affecting the biliary tract and the second most common primary hepatic malignancy. This malignancy accounts for 15% to 20% of primary hepatobiliary malignancies, which account for 13% of overall cancer-related global mortality. With increasing research on the pathogenesis of cholangiocarcinoma and potential therapeutic targets for anticancer drug treatment, recent studies show that up to 45% of patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma exhibited gene rearrangements resulting in oncogenic fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGFR2) fusion proteins. The FDA-approved indication for pemigatinib was granted under accelerated approval based on the overall response rate and duration of response in pre-marketing clinical trials. Pemigatinib is marketed under the brand name Pemazyre, and it is available as oral tablets.", "Pemigatinib is a Kinase Inhibitor. The mechanism of action of pemigatinib is as a Kinase Inhibitor, and P-Glycoprotein Inhibitor, and Organic Cation Transporter 2 Inhibitor, and Multidrug and Toxin Extrusion Transporter 1 Inhibitor.", "Pemigatinib is a fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptor kinase inhibitor that is used to treat unresectable, locally advanced or metastatic intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, as well as myeloid or lymphoid neoplasms with FGFR rearrangements. Pemigatinib is associated with transient and usually mild-to-moderate elevations in serum aminotransferase levels during therapy, but has not been convincingly linked to cases of clinically apparent liver injury with jaundice.", "Pemigatinib is an orally bioavailable inhibitor of the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) types 1, 2, and 3 (FGFR1/2/3), with potential antineoplastic activity. Pemigatinib binds to and inhibits FGFR1/2/3, which may result in the inhibition of FGFR1/2/3-related signal transduction pathways. This inhibits proliferation in FGFR1/2/3-overexpressing tumor cells. FGFR, a family of receptor tyrosine kinases upregulated in many tumor cell types, plays a key role in cellular proliferation, migration, and survival."]], ["Umbralisib tosylate", "CC1=CC=C(C=C1)S(=O)(=O)O.C[C@@H](C1=C(C(=O)C2=C(O1)C=CC(=C2)F)C3=CC(=CC=C3)F)N4C5=NC=NC(=C5C(=N4)C6=CC(=C(C=C6)OC(C)C)F)N", ["Umbralisib Tosylate is the tosylate form of umbralisib, an orally bioavailable, selective inhibitor of the delta isoform of the 110 kDa catalytic subunit of class I phosphoinositide-3 kinases (PI3K) with potential antineoplastic activity.  umbralisib inhibits PI3K and prevents the activation of the PI3K/AKT kinase signaling pathway. This decreases proliferation and induces cell death in susceptible tumor cells.  Unlike other isoforms of PI3K, PI3K-delta is expressed primarily in tumor cells and cells of the hematopoietic lineage. The targeted inhibition of PI3K-delta allows for PI3K signaling in normal, non-neoplastic cells. PI3K, an enzyme often overexpressed in cancer cells, plays a crucial role in tumor cell regulation and survival."]], ["5-(5-methyl-1-(3-(4-(methylsulfonyl)piperidin-1-yl)benzyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)-3-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole", "CC1=NC(=NN1CC2=CC(=CC=C2)N3CCC(CC3)S(=O)(=O)C)C4=NC(=NO4)C5=CC=C(C=C5)OC(F)(F)F", ["Oxidative Phosphorylation Inhibitor IACS-010759 is an orally bioavailable oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) inhibitor, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration of the OxPhos inhibitor IACS-010759, this agent binds to and inhibits complex I of the electron transport chain (NADH ubiquinone oxidoreductase), thereby selectively depriving tumor cells of nutrients, and energy, and inhibiting nucleotide and amino acid production, which induces autophagy, causes tumor cell death and inhibits cell proliferation. Mitochondrial complex I, which is hyperactivated in cancer cells to meet their increased demands for energy, plays a key role in the promotion of cancer cell proliferation."]], ["2-amino-6-fluoro-N-(5-fluoro-4-(4-(4-(oxetan-3-yl)piperazine-1-carbonyl)piperidin-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide", "C1CN(CCC1C(=O)N2CCN(CC2)C3COC3)C4=C(C=NC=C4NC(=O)C5=C6N=CC(=CN6N=C5N)F)F", ["Gartisertib is an orally available inhibitor of ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3 related (ATR) kinase, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration,gartisertib selectively inhibits ATR activity and blocks the downstream phosphorylation of the serine/threonine protein kinase CHK1. This prevents ATR-mediated signaling, which results in the inhibition of DNA damage checkpoint activation, the disruption of DNA damage repair, and the induction of tumor cell apoptosis. ATR, a serine/threonine protein kinase upregulated in a variety of cancer cell types, plays a key role in DNA repair, cell cycle progression and survival; it is activated by DNA damage caused during DNA replication-associated stress."]], ["2,4-Diamino-6-{[(S)-[5-Chloro-8-Fluoro-4-Oxo-3-(Pyridin-3-Yl)-3,4-Dihydroquinazolin-2-Yl](Cyclopropyl)methyl]amino}pyrimidine-5-Carbonitrile", "C1CC1[C@@H](C2=NC3=C(C=CC(=C3C(=O)N2C4=CN=CC=C4)Cl)F)NC5=NC(=NC(=C5C#N)N)N", ["PI3Kdelta Inhibitor GS-9901 is an orally bioavailable, small molecule inhibitor of the delta isoform of phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3Kdelta) with potential immunomodulating and antineoplastic activities. Upon oral administration, PI3Kdelta inhibitor GS-9901 selectively binds to the delta isoform of PI3K and inhibits its activity. This inhibits the activation of the PI3Kdelta-mediated signaling pathway and prevents proliferation of PI3Kdelta-overexpressing tumor cells. Unlike other isoforms of PI3K, PI3Kdelta is expressed primarily in certain tumor cell types and plays a key role in tumor cell proliferation, motility and survival. The targeted inhibition of PI3Kdelta is designed to preserve PI3K signaling in normal, non-neoplastic cells and thus reduces toxicity to normal, healthy cells."]], ["Ferrous ascorbate", "C([C@@H]([C@@H]1C(=C(C(=O)O1)[O-])O)O)O.C([C@@H]([C@@H]1C(=C(C(=O)O1)[O-])O)O)O.[Fe+2]", ["A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant."]], ["Tavapadon", "CC1=C(C=CC(=C1)OC2=C(C=CC=N2)C(F)(F)F)C3=C(C(=O)NC(=O)N3C)C", ["Tavapadon is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02262767 (A Study to Investigate the Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of PF-06649751 Co-administered With Trimethobenzamide Hydrochloride in Healthy Subjects)."]], ["Gadograf", "C1CN(CCN(CCN(CCN1CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])C(CO)C(CO)O)CC(=O)[O-].[Gd+3]", ["Gadobutrol is a gadolinium-based, hydrophilic, macrocyclic, electrically neutral contrast agent used in contrast-enhanced MRI (CE-MRI). Gadobutrol is a non-ionic, paramagnetic complex consisting of gadolinium (Gd3+) chelated with the macrocyclic compound dihydroxy-hydroxymethylpropyl-tetraazacyclododecane-triacetic acid (butrol). Following intravenous administration, gadobutrol may increase MRI sensitivity for the detection of tumors and inflammatory and demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) that are associated with areas with blood-brain barrier defects due to altered perfusion or an enlarged extracellular space. This agent is eliminated in an unchanged form via the kidneys; extra-renal elimination is negligible."]], ["(S)-2-(4-(2-(3-(fluoromethyl)azetidin-1-yl)ethoxy)phenyl)-3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-4-methyl-2H-chromen-6-ol", "CC1=C([C@@H](OC2=C1C=C(C=C2)O)C3=CC=C(C=C3)OCCN4CC(C4)CF)C5=CC(=CC=C5)O", ["GDC-0927 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02316509 (A Study of GDC-0927 in Postmenopausal Women With Locally Advanced or Metastatic Estrogen Receptor Positive Breast Cancer)."]], ["2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid;methyl (1R,9R,10S,11R,12R,19R)-11-acetyloxy-12-ethyl-4-[(12S,14R)-16-ethyl-12-methoxycarbonyl-1,10-diazatetracyclo[12.3.1.03,11.04,9]octadeca-3(11),4,6,8,15-pentaen-12-yl]-10-hydroxy-5-methoxy-8-methyl-8,16-diazapentacyclo[10.6.1.01,9.02,7.016,19]nonadeca-2,4,6,13-tetraene-10-carboxylate", "CCC1=C[C@H]2C[C@@](C3=C(CN(C2)C1)C4=CC=CC=C4N3)(C5=C(C=C6C(=C5)[C@]78CCN9[C@H]7[C@@](C=CC9)([C@H]([C@@]([C@@H]8N6C)(C(=O)OC)O)OC(=O)C)CC)OC)C(=O)OC.C(C(C(=O)O)O)(C(=O)O)O", ["A vinca alkaloid related to VINBLASTINE that is used as a first-line treatment for NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER, or for advanced or metastatic BREAST CANCER refractory to treatment with ANTHRACYCLINES."]], ["CID 87096184", "C=CCCCCCCCCC(=O)O.[Ca]", ["Calcium Undecylenate is the calcium salt of undecylenic acid, an 11 carbon mono-unsaturated fatty acid with broad-spectrum antifungal activity. Undecylenic acid inhibits the morphogenesis of Candida albicans to its invasive fungal form and inhibits the conversion of unicellular yeast to their hyphal form."]], ["TG-02 citrate", "CN1C/C=C/CCOC2=CC=CC(=C2)C3=NC(=NC=C3)NC4=CC=CC(=C4)C1.C(C(=O)O)C(CC(=O)O)(C(=O)O)O", ["Zotiraciclib Citrate is an orally bioavailable citrate salt form of zotiraciclib a multi-kinase inhibitor for cyclin dependent kinase (CDK) subtypes 1, 2, 7 and 9, Janus-associated kinase 2 (JAK2), FMS-related tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3, FLK2, STK1), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, CDK/JAK2/FLT3 Inhibitor TG02 binds to and inhibits the CDK subtypes, JAK2, and FLT3. TG02 also inhibits, to a lesser extent, TYK2, TYRO3, STAT5 and P38delta. This may result in both an induction of apoptosis and an inhibition of tumor cell proliferation in cancer cells that overexpress these kinases. JAK2, often upregulated or mutated in a variety of cancer cells, mediates STAT3 activation and plays a key role in tumor cell proliferation and survival. CDKs are serine/threonine kinases that play key roles in the regulation of the cell cycle and cellular proliferation. FLT3, a class III tyrosine kinase receptor, is overexpressed or mutated in most B lineage and acute myeloid leukemias."]], ["84KQ4M4N8B", "C[C@H]([C@@H](CC1=CN=C(C=C1)N)C(=O)O)S", ["AZD-9684 is the first member of a new anti-thrombotic class (CPU inhibitors). It is being developed by AstraZeneca."]], ["Milademetan tosylate", "CC1=CC=C(C=C1)S(=O)(=O)O.CC1(CCC2(CC1)[C@@]3([C@H]([C@@H](N2)C(=O)N[C@@H]4CC[C@H](OC4)C(=O)N)C5=C(C(=NC=C5)Cl)F)C6=C(C=C(C=C6)Cl)NC3=O)C", ["Milademetan Tosylate is the tosylate form of milademetan, an orally available MDM2 (murine double minute 2) antagonist with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, milademetan binds to, and prevents the binding of MDM2 protein to the transcriptional activation domain of the tumor suppressor protein p53. By preventing this MDM2-p53 interaction, the proteasome-mediated enzymatic degradation of p53 is inhibited and the transcriptional activity of p53 is restored. This results in the restoration of p53 signaling and leads to the p53-mediated induction of tumor cell apoptosis. MDM2, a zinc finger protein and a negative regulator of the p53 pathway, is overexpressed in cancer cells; it has been implicated in cancer cell proliferation and survival."]], ["2MT30Ehi63", "CN1CCN(CC1)CC2=CC=C(C=C2)C3=CN(C4=NC(=NC=C34)NCCC5CC5)C6CCC(CC6)O", ["Flt3/MerTK Inhibitor MRX-2843 is an orally bioavailable inhibitor of two receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), FMS-like tyrosine kinase-3 (Flt3; CD135; fetal liver kinase-2; Flk2) and tyrosine-protein kinase Mer (MerTK; proto-oncogene c-Mer; Mer), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, MRX-2843 targets and binds to both Flt3 and MerTK. This prevents ligand-dependent phosphorylation and activation of Flt3 and MerTK, which inhibits the activation of their downstream signaling pathways. This induces apoptosis and inhibits proliferation of Flt3- and/or MerTK-overexpressing tumor cells. Flt3 and MerTK, are overexpressed in certain tumor cell types and play key roles in tumor cell proliferation and survival."]], ["Olumacostat glasaretil", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC1=CC=C(O1)C(=O)OCC(=O)N(C)CC(=O)OCC", ["Olumacostat glasaretil has been used in trials studying the treatment of Acne Vulgaris."]], ["Ulotaront", "CNC[C@H]1C2=C(CCO1)C=CS2", ["SEP-363856 is a novel psychotropic drug being investigated for the treatment of schizophrenia.  Unlike other drugs used for this condition, SEP-363856 does not bind to the dopamine D2 receptors, but exerts actions on the trace amine\u2013associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) and 5-hydroxytryptamine type 1A (5-HT1A).   SEP-363856 was developed by Sunovion pharmaceuticals. An initial clinical study has shown this drug may be effective against both positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Negative symptoms of schizophrenia are more difficult to treat and may include flattened affect, anhedonia,  and social withdrawal. Additional clinical trials of SEP-363856 are required to confirm the safety and efficacy of this drug."]], ["Belvarafenib", "CC1=C(C2=C(C=C1)C(=NC=C2)NC3=C(C(=CC=C3)Cl)F)NC(=O)C4=CSC5=C4N=CN=C5N", ["Belvarafenib is an orally available inhibitor of members of the Raf family of serine/threonine protein kinases, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, belvarafenib binds to and inhibits the B-Raf mutant V600E and C-Raf. This inhibits B-Raf V600E- and C-Raf-mediated signal transduction pathways, thereby inhibiting tumor cell growth of susceptible tumor cells. In addition, belvarafenib may also inhibit mutated Ras proteins. Raf protein kinases play a key role in the Raf/mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) signaling pathway, which is often dysregulated in human cancers and plays a key role in tumor cell proliferation and survival. The Raf mutation B-Raf V600E, where the valine at residue 600 is substituted for glutamic acid, is frequently overexpressed in a variety of human tumors and results in the constitutive activation of the Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway."]], ["Beigene-283", "C1CC(=O)NC2=NC=CC(=C21)OC3=CC4=C(C=C3)O[C@H]5[C@@H]4[C@@H]5C6=NC7=C(N6)C=C(C=C7)C(F)(F)F", ["Lifirafenib is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03641586 (The Study of BGB-283 in Chinese Subjects With Local Advanced or Metastatic Malignant Solid Tumor).", "Lifirafenib is an inhibitor of the serine/threonine protein kinase B-raf (BRAF) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), with potential antineoplastic activity. Lifirafenib selectively binds to and inhibits the activity of BRAF and certain BRAF mutant forms, and EGFR. This prevents BRAF- and EGFR-mediated signaling and inhibits the proliferation of tumor cells that either contain a mutated BRAF gene or express over-activated EGFR. In addition, BGB-283 inhibits mutant forms of the Ras proteins K-RAS and N-RAS. BRAF and EGFR are mutated or upregulated in many tumor cell types."]], ["Enasidenib", "CC(C)(CNC1=NC(=NC(=N1)C2=NC(=CC=C2)C(F)(F)F)NC3=CC(=NC=C3)C(F)(F)F)O", ["Enasidenib is a 1,3,5-triazine which is substituted by (2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)nitrilo, 6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl and [2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-4-yl]nitrilo groups at positions 2,4 and 6, respectively. It is an isocitrate dehydrogenase-2 (IDH2) inhibitor which has been approved for the treatment of adults with relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). It has a role as an antineoplastic agent and an EC 1.1.1.42 (isocitrate dehydrogenase) inhibitor. It is an aminopyridine, an organofluorine compound, a secondary amino compound, a tertiary alcohol, a member of 1,3,5-triazines and an aromatic amine.", "Enasidenib is an orally available treatment for the treatment of adult patients with relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with specific mutations in the isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2) gene, which is a recurrent mutation detected in 12-20% of adult patients with AML. Patients eligible for this treatment are selected by testing the presence of IDH2 mutations in the blood or bone marrow. This small molecule acts as an allosteric inhibitor of mutant IDH2 enzyme to prevent cell growth, and it also has shown to block several other enzymes that play a role in abnormal cell differentiation. First developed by Agios Pharmaceuticals and licensed to Celgene, enasidenib was approved by U.S. Food and Drug Administration on August 1, 2017.", "Enasidenib is an Isocitrate Dehydrogenase 2 Inhibitor. The mechanism of action of enasidenib is as an Isocitrate Dehydrogenase 2 Inhibitor.", "Enasidenib is an orally available small molecule inhibitor of isocitrate dehydrogenase and antineoplastic agent that is used in the therapy of selected cases of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Enasidenib is associated with a moderate rate of serum aminotransferase elevations during therapy and rare instances of clinically apparent acute liver injury.", "Enasidenib is an orally available inhibitor of specific mutant forms of the mitochondrial enzyme isocitrate dehydrogenase type 2 (IDH2), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, enasidenib specifically inhibits various mutant forms of IDH2, including the IDH2 variants R140Q, R172S, and R172K, which inhibits the formation of 2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG). This may lead to both an induction of cellular differentiation and an inhibition of cellular proliferation in IDH2-expressing tumor cells. IDH2, an enzyme in the citric acid cycle, is mutated in a variety of cancers; it initiates and drives cancer growth by blocking differentiation and the production of the oncometabolite 2HG."]], ["Rovazolac", "CCOC(=O)CN1C(=CC(=N1)C(F)(F)F)C2=CC=C(C=C2)C3=CC(=CC=C3)S(=O)(=O)C", ["Rovazolac is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03175354 (A Study in Subjects With Moderate Atopic Dermatitis)."]], ["M2698 free base", "C1CN(C1)C[C@H](C2=CC(=C(C=C2)Cl)C(F)(F)F)NC3=NC=NC4=C3C=CC=C4C(=O)N", ["M-2698 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01971515 (First-in-Human Dose Escalation Trial in Subjects With Advanced Malignancies).", "p70S6K/Akt Inhibitor M-2698 is an orally available inhibitor of the serine/threonine protein kinases ribosomal protein S6 Kinase (p70S6K) and Akt (protein kinase B), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, p70S6K/Akt inhibitor M-2698 binds to and inhibits the activity of p70S6K and Akt. This prevents the activation of the PI3K/Akt/p70S6K signaling pathway and inhibits tumor cell proliferation in cancer cells that have an overactivated PI3K/Akt/p70S6K signaling pathway. Constitutive activation and dysregulated signaling of the PI3K/Akt/p70S6K pathway are frequently associated with tumorigenesis of many tumor types; targeting multiple kinases in this pathway is more efficacious than targeting a single kinase."]], ["Durlobactam", "CC1=C[C@@H]2CN([C@@H]1C(=O)N)C(=O)N2OS(=O)(=O)O", ["Durlobactam is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03894046 (Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Intravenous Sulbactam-ETX2514 in the Treatment of Patients With Infections Caused by Acinetobacter Baumannii-calcoaceticus Complex)."]], ["ROR gama modulator 1", "CCC1=CC=C(C=C1)N(CC(C)C)S(=O)(=O)C2=CC(=C(C=C2)OCC3CCOCC3)CO", ["GSK-2981278 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03004846 (A Study of GSK2981278 Ointment in Subjects With Plaque Psoriasis)."]], ["Vodobatinib", "CC1=C(C(=CC=C1)Cl)C(=O)NNC(=O)C2=CC(=C(C=C2)C)C#CC3=CC4=CC=CC=C4N=C3", ["Vodobatinib is an orally bioavailable, Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, vodobatinib selectively targets and binds to the Bcr-Abl fusion oncoprotein, including various Bcr-Abl mutant forms, such as those with the 'gatekeeper' resistance mutation T315I. This inhibits proliferation of Bcr-Abl-expressing tumor cells. The Bcr-Abl fusion protein is an aberrantly activated tyrosine kinase produced by certain leukemia cells. T315I, an amino acid substitution where threonine (T) has been mutated to isoleucine (I) at position 315 in the tyrosine-protein kinase ABL1 portion of the Bcr-Abl fusion protein, plays a key role in resistance to certain chemotherapeutic agents and its expression is associated with poor prognosis."]], ["Voxilaprevir", "CC[C@@H]1[C@@H]2CN([C@@H]1C(=O)N[C@@]3(C[C@H]3C(F)F)C(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C4(CC4)C)C(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)O[C@@H]5C[C@H]5CCCCC(C6=NC7=C(C=C(C=C7)OC)N=C6O2)(F)F)C(C)(C)C", ["Voxilaprevir is a Direct-Acting Antiviral (DAA) medication used as part of combination therapy to treat chronic Hepatitis C, an infectious liver disease caused by infection with Hepatitis C Virus (HCV). HCV is a single-stranded RNA virus that is categorized into nine distinct genotypes, with genotype 1 being the most common in the United States, and affecting 72% of all chronic HCV patients.   Voxilaprevir exerts its antiviral action by reversibly binding and inhibiting the NS3/4A serine protease of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV). Following viral replication of HCV genetic material and translation into a single polypeptide, Nonstructural Protein 3 (NS3) and its activating cofactor Nonstructural Protein 4A (NS4A) are responsible for cleaving genetic material into the following structural and nonstructural proteins required for assembly into mature virus: NS3, NS4A, NS4B, NS5A, and NS5B. By inhibiting viral protease NS3/4A, voxilaprevir therefore prevents viral replication and function. Treatment options for chronic Hepatitis C have advanced significantly since 2011, with the development of Direct Acting Antivirals (DAAs) such as voxilaprevir.   Voxilaprevir has been available since July 2017 in a fixed dose combination product with [sofosbuvir] and [velpatasvir] as the commercially available product Vosevi. Vosevi is approved for the treatment of adult patients with chronic HCV infection with genotype 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 infection. Notably, Vosevi is approved for use in patients with genotypes 1-6 who have been previously treated with an NS5A inhibitor, or patients with genotypes 1a or 3 infection and have previously been treated with an HCV regimen containing sofosbuvir without an NS5A inhibitor. Prior to Vosevi, there were no approved retreatment options for patients who have previously received, and failed, a regimen containing an NS5A inhibitor for treatment of chronic HCV infection.", "Voxilaprevir is a Hepatitis C Virus NS3/4A Protease Inhibitor. The mechanism of action of voxilaprevir is as a HCV NS3/4A Protease Inhibitor, and P-Glycoprotein Inhibitor, and Breast Cancer Resistance Protein Inhibitor, and Organic Anion Transporting Polypeptide 1B1 Inhibitor, and Organic Anion Transporting Polypeptide 1B3 Inhibitor.", "Voxilaprevir is an orally bioavailable inhibitor of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) non-structural protein 3/non-structural protein 4A (NS3/NS4A) serine protease, with antiviral activity. Upon administration, voxilaprevir binds to the HCV NS3/NS4A serine protease and prevents NS3/NS4A protease-mediated polyprotein maturation. This disrupts both the processing of viral proteins and the formation of the viral replication complex, thereby preventing viral replication and function. NS3, a serine protease, is essential for the proteolytic cleavage of multiple sites within the HCV polyprotein and plays a key role during HCV ribonucleic acid (RNA) replication. NS4A is an activating factor for NS3. HCV is a small, enveloped, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Flaviviridae family; HCV infection is associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)."]], ["Rezvilutamide", "CC1(C(=O)N(C(=S)N1C2=CC=C(C=C2)OC[C@H](CO)O)C3=CC(=C(C=C3)C#N)C(F)(F)F)C", ["Rezvilutamide is an orally bioavailable androgen receptor (AR) antagonist with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, rezvilutamide competitively binds to AR in target tissues, which both prevents androgen-induced receptor activation and facilitates the formation of inactive complexes that cannot be translocated to the nucleus. This prevents binding to and transcription of AR-responsive genes, inhibits the expression of genes that regulate prostate cancer cell proliferation, and may lead to an inhibition of cell growth of AR-expressing tumor cells. ARs are overexpressed in prostate cancer and play a key role in prostate cancer cell proliferation."]], ["(S,E)-N-(1-((5-(2-((4-Cyanophenyl)amino)-4-(propylamino)pyrimidin-5-yl)pent-4-yn-1-yl)amino)-1-oxopropan-2-yl)-4-(dimethylamino)-N-methylbut-2-enamide", "CCCNC1=NC(=NC=C1C#CCCCNC(=O)[C@H](C)N(C)C(=O)/C=C/CN(C)C)NC2=CC=C(C=C2)C#N", ["FF-10101-01 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03194685 (Study of FF-10101-01 in Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia)."]], ["Uprifosbuvir", "C[C@H](C(=O)OC(C)C)N[P@@](=O)(OC[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@@]([C@@H](O1)N2C=CC(=O)NC2=O)(C)Cl)O)OC3=CC=CC=C3", ["Uprifosbuvir is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02332707 (Efficacy and Safety of Grazoprevir (MK-5172) and Uprifosbuvir (MK-3682) With Elbasvir (MK-8742) or Ruzasvir (MK-8408) for Chronic Hepatitis C Genotype (GT)1 and GT2 Infection (MK-3682-011))."]], ["Plx8394", "C1CN(C[C@@H]1F)S(=O)(=O)NC2=C(C(=C(C=C2)F)C(=O)C3=CNC4=C3C=C(C=N4)C5=CN=C(N=C5)C6CC6)F", ["PLX8394 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02428712 (A Study of PLX8394 as a Single Agent in Patients With Advanced Unresectable Solid Tumors).", "BRAF Inhibitor FORE8394 is an orally bioavailable inhibitor and specific dimer breaker of the serine/threonine-protein kinase B-raf (BRAF) protein, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, BRAF inhibitor FORE8394 selectively binds to and inhibits the activity of dimeric BRAF mutants, including BRAF fusions and splice variants, and BRAFV600 monomers, while sparing RAF function in normal cells. This inhibits the proliferation of tumor cells which express these mutated forms of BRAF. BRAF, a member of the raf family of serine/threonine protein kinases, plays a role in the regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathways, which may be constitutively activated due to BRAF gene mutations. Mutated forms and fusions of BRAF are associated with a number of neoplastic diseases."]], ["(S)-6-((1-acetylpiperidin-4-yl)amino)-N-(3-(3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl)-2-hydroxypropyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide", "CC(=O)N1CCC(CC1)NC2=NC=NC(=C2)C(=O)NC[C@@H](CN3CCC4=CC=CC=C4C3)O", ["Pemrametostat is an orally available, selective small molecule inhibitor of protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5), with potential antiproliferative and antineoplastic activities. Although the mechanism of action has not been completely determined, pemrametostat binds to the substrate recognition site of PRMT5 following oral administration and inhibits its methyltransferase activity, which decreases the levels of both monomethylated and dimethylated arginine residues in histones H2A, H3 and H4 and modulates the expression of genes involved in several cellular processes, including cell proliferation. Therefore, this agent may increase the expression of antiproliferative genes and/or decrease the expression of genes that promote cell proliferation and may lead to decreased growth of rapidly proliferating cells, including cancer cells. PRTM5, an arginine methyltransferase that can catalyze the formation of both omega-N monomethylarginine (MMA) and symmetrical dimethylarginine (sDMA) on histones and a variety of other protein substrates, is overexpressed in several neoplasms."]], ["L-deprenyl-D2 C-11", "[2H]C([2H])(C#C)N([11CH3])[C@H](C)CC1=CC=CC=C1", ["L-deprenyl-D2 C-11 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01701089 (A Study of RO4602522 in Patients With Alzheimer Disease and in Healthy Volunteers)."]], ["Uzansertib", "C[C@H]1CN(C[C@H]([C@@H]1O)N)C2=C3CC[C@H](C3=NC=C2NC(=O)C4=NC(=C(C=C4)F)C5=C(C=CC=C5F)F)O", ["Uzansertib is an orally available, small molecule and selective ATP-competitive pan-inhibitor of proviral integration sites for Moloney murine leukemia virus (PIM) kinases, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, uzansertib binds to and inhibits the activities of the three PIM isoforms, PIM1, PIM2 and PIM3. This prevents phosphorylation of their downstream targets and inhibits proliferation in cells that overexpress PIMs. PIMs, constitutively active proto-oncogenic serine/threonine kinases upregulated in various types of cancers, play key roles in tumor cell proliferation and survival."]], ["Bictegravir", "C1C[C@@H]2C[C@H]1N3[C@H](O2)CN4C=C(C(=O)C(=C4C3=O)O)C(=O)NCC5=C(C=C(C=C5F)F)F", ["Bictegravir is a monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2R,5S,13aR)-8-hydroxy-7,9-dioxo-2,3,4,5,7,9,13,13a-octahydro-2,5-methanopyrido[1',2':4,5]pyrazino[2,1-b][1,3]oxazepine-10-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 2,4,6-trifluorobenzylamine. It is a second-generation integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI) and used (as its sodium salt) for the treatment of HIV-1. It has a role as a HIV-1 integrase inhibitor. It is a monocarboxylic acid amide, a secondary carboxamide, a trifluorobenzene and an organic heterotetracyclic compound. It is a conjugate acid of a bictegravir(1-).", "Bictegravir is a recently approved investigational drug that has been used in trials studying the treatment of HIV-1 and HIV-2 infection.  It has been approved for HIV-1 monotherapy combined with 2 other antiretrovirals in a single tablet.", "Bictegravir is a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) integrase strand transfer inhibitor, the fourth in this class of agents that target the viral integrase. Bictegravir is used only in combination with other antiretroviral agents in the treatment of HIV infection and it has had limited use. Bictegravir is associated with a low rate of serum aminotransferase elevations during therapy, but has not been linked to instances of acute, clinically apparent liver injury."]], ["(r)-(2-Chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)(1-(5-fluoropyrimidin-2-yl)-4-methyl-1,4,6,7-tetrahydro-5h-[1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)methanone", "C[C@@H]1C2=C(CCN1C(=O)C3=C(C(=CC=C3)C(F)(F)F)Cl)N(N=N2)C4=NC=C(C=N4)F", ["JNJ-54175446 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02933762 (A Study in Healthy Participants to Evaluate the Effect of JNJ-54175446 on Amyloid Biomarkers and Cytokine Profiles in Cerebrospinal Fluid and Plasma)."]], ["5-Thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid, 7-[[(2Z)-2-(2-amino-4-thiazolyl)-2-[(carboxymethoxy)imino]acetyl]amino]-3-ethenyl-8-oxo-, (6R,7R)-", "C=CC1=C(N2C([C@@H](C2=O)NC(=O)/C(=N\\OCC(=O)O)/C3=CSC(=N3)N)SC1)C(=O)O", ["Cefixime is a broad-spectrum, third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic derived semisynthetically from the marine fungus Cephalosporium acremonium with antibacterial activity. As does penicillin, the beta-lactam antibiotic cefixime inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by disrupting peptidoglycan synthesis, resulting in a reduction in bacterial cell wall stability and bacterial cell lysis. Stable in the presence of a variety of beta-lactamases, this agent is more active against gram-negative bacteria and less active against gram-positive bacteria compared to second-generation cephalosporins.", "A third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic that is stable to hydrolysis by beta-lactamases."]], ["Olinciguat", "C1=CC=C(C(=C1)CN2C(=CC(=N2)C3=NC=C(C(=N3)NC[C@@](C(=O)N)(C(F)(F)F)O)F)C4=NOC=C4)F", ["Olinciguat is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03892499 (A Trial to Evaluate the Effect of Itraconazole (ITZ), a CYP3A4 Inhibitor, on the Pharmacokinetics of the Soluble Guanylate Cyclase Stimulator, Olinciguat (IW-1701), in Healthy Volunteers).", "Olinciguat is an orally bioavailable stimulator of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC), with potential anti-inflammatory and vasodilating activities.  Upon oral administration, olinciguat targets, allosterically binds to and enhances the nitric oxide (NO)-dependent catalytic activity of sGC. This enhances NO-sGC signaling and increases the formation of the intracellular second messenger cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), which is derived from guanosine triphosphate (GTP). This enhances NO/cGMP-mediated muscle relaxation, suppresses leukocyte-endothelial interactions and promotes vascular anti-inflammatory effects. The NO/sGC/cGMP signaling pathway plays an important role in vasodilation, blood flow and inflammatory processes. sGC, a heme-containing cytoplasmic signaling enzyme, catalyzes the formation of cGMP from GTP in response to NO binding to heme."]], ["(S)-4-(6-(3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl)-1-(1-(pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyridin-3-yl)benzoic acid", "CC1=C(C(=NO1)C)C2=CC3=C(C(=CN3[C@@H](C)C4=CC=CC=N4)C5=CC=C(C=C5)C(=O)O)N=C2", ["BRD4 Inhibitor PLX51107 is an inhibitor of the bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, the BRD4 inhibitor PLX51107 binds to the acetylated lysine recognition motifs in the bromodomains of the BRD4 protein, thereby preventing the binding of BRD4 to acetylated lysines on histones. This disrupts chromatin remodeling and gene expression. Prevention of the expression of certain growth-promoting genes may lead to an induction of apoptosis and an inhibition of proliferation in BRD4-overexpressing tumor cells. BRD4, a member of the human bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) family of proteins, is a transcriptional regulator that is overexpressed in certain tumor cells and plays an important role in cellular proliferation."]], ["Naporafenib", "CC1=C(C=C(C=C1)NC(=O)C2=CC(=NC=C2)C(F)(F)F)C3=CC(=NC(=C3)OCCO)N4CCOCC4", ["Naporafenib is an orally available inhibitor of all members of the serine/threonine protein kinase Raf family, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, naporafenib binds to Raf proteins and inhibits Raf-mediated signal transduction pathways. This inhibits proliferation of Raf-overexpressing tumor cells. Raf protein kinases are critical enzymes in the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway and are upregulated in a variety of cancer cell types. They play key roles in tumor cell proliferation and survival."]], ["2-(2-Dihydroxyboryl-5-trifluoromethoxybenzylsulfanyl)pyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid (4-fluorophenyl)amide", "B(C1=C(C=C(C=C1)OC(F)(F)F)CSC2=NC=C(C=N2)C(=O)NC3=CC=C(C=C3)F)(O)O", ["CXCR1/2 Inhibitor SX-682 is an orally bioavailable, selective and reversible antagonist of C-X-C motif chemokine receptors 1 (CXCR1) and 2 (CXCR2), with potential anti-inflammatory and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration CXCR1/2 inhibitor SX-682 selectively and allosterically binds to CXCR 1 and 2 and inhibits their activation by tumor-secreted chemokines. This inhibits CXCR1/2-mediated signaling, reduces both recruitment and migration of immunosuppressive myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and neutrophils in the tumor microenvironment (TME), inhibits inflammatory processes and abrogates the immunosuppressive-induced nature of the TME. This allows effector cells, such as natural killer (NK) cells and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLs), to kill and eliminate cancer cells. This inhibits tumor cell migration, metastasis, angiogenesis and tumor cell proliferation. CXCR1 and 2, G protein-coupled receptor proteins located on myeloid cells and certain tumor cells, play key roles in the immunosuppressive nature of the TME, tumor metastasis, therapy-resistance and myeloid cell suppression. They play a key role in inflammation and their expression is elevated in several inflammatory-driven diseases."]], ["Iptacopan", "CCO[C@H]1CCN([C@@H](C1)C2=CC=C(C=C2)C(=O)O)CC3=C(C=C(C4=C3C=CN4)C)OC", ["Iptacopan is under investigation in clinical trial NCT04578834 (Study of Efficacy and Safety of LNP023 in Primary Iga Nephropathy Patients).", "Iptacopan is an orally available, small-molecule inhibitor of complement factor B (FB) with potential immunomodulatory activity. Upon administration, iptacopan binds to FB and prevents the formation of the alternative pathway (AP) C3-convertase (C3bBb). This limits the cleavage of C3 to the active fragment C3b and may prevent C3b-mediated extravascular hemolysis in certain complement-driven disorders such as paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH)."]], ["Descovy", "C[C@H](CN1C=NC2=C(N=CN=C21)N)OC[P@@](=O)(N[C@@H](C)C(=O)OC(C)C)OC3=CC=CC=C3.C1[C@H](O[C@H](S1)CO)N2C=C(C(=NC2=O)N)F", ["Descovy is a prescription medicine approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the following uses:"]], ["Gd-DTP-BMEA; MP 1177; OptiMARK", "COCCNC(=O)CN(CCN(CCN(CC(=O)NCCOC)CC(=O)O)CC(=O)O)CC(=O)O.[Gd]", ["Gadoversetamide is a paramagnetic extracellular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent that facilitates visualization of abnormal vascularity. When placed in a magnetic field, gadoversetamide decreases T1 (spin-lattice or longitudinal relaxation time) and T2 (spin-spin or transverse relaxation time) values in tissues where it accumulates. At the recommended dose, the effect is primarily on T1 relaxation time, and produces an increase in signal intensity. Gadoversetamide does not cross the intact blood-brain barrier. However, abnormal vascularity or disruption of the blood-brain barrier allows accumulation of gadoversetamide. (NCI05)"]], ["(Mercaptoethyl)ammonium hydrogen tartrate", "C(CS)[NH3+].C(C(C(=O)[O-])O)(C(=O)O)O", ["Cysteamine Bitartrate is an aminothiol salt used in the treatment of nephropathic cystinosis. Cysteamine bitartrate enters the cell and reacts with cystine producing cysteine and cysteine-cysteamine mixed disulfide compound, both of which, unlike cystine, can pass through the lysosomal membrane. This prevents the accumulation of cystine crystals in the lysosomes of patients with cystinosis, which can cause considerable damage and eventual destruction of the cells, particularly in the kidneys. (NCI05)", "A mercaptoethylamine compound that is endogenously derived from the COENZYME A degradative pathway. The fact that cysteamine is readily transported into LYSOSOMES where it reacts with CYSTINE to form cysteine-cysteamine disulfide and CYSTEINE has led to its use in CYSTINE DEPLETING AGENTS for the treatment of CYSTINOSIS."]], ["(3R,4S,5S,6R,7R,9R,11R,12R,13S,14R)-6-[(2S,3R,4S,6R)-4-(dimethylamino)-3-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-14-ethyl-7,12,13-trihydroxy-4-[(2R,4R,5S,6S)-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-4,6-dimethyloxan-2-yl]oxy-3,5,7,9,11,13-hexamethyl-oxacyclotetradecane-2,10-dione;(2R,3R,4R,5R)-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroxy-4-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyhexanoic acid", "CC[C@@H]1[C@@]([C@@H]([C@H](C(=O)[C@@H](C[C@@]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](C(=O)O1)C)O[C@H]2C[C@@]([C@H]([C@@H](O2)C)O)(C)OC)C)O[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@H](C[C@H](O3)C)N(C)C)O)(C)O)C)C)O)(C)O.C([C@@H]1[C@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O1)O[C@H]([C@@H](CO)O)[C@@H]([C@H](C(=O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O", ["Erythromycin Lactobionate is the lactobionate salt form of erythromycin, a broad-spectrum, topical macrolide antibiotic with antibacterial activity. Erythromycin lactobionate diffuses through the bacterial cell membrane and reversibly binds to the 50S subunit of the bacterial ribosome. This prevents bacterial protein synthesis. Erythromycin lactobionate may be bacteriostatic or bactericidal in action, depending on the concentration of the drug at the site of infection and the susceptibility of the organism involved."]], ["Aqua regia", "[N+](=O)(O)[O-].Cl.Cl.Cl", ["Aqua regia appears as a yellow liquid with a pungent odor prepared by mixing nitric acid and hydrochloric acid, usually in a ratio of one part of nitric acid to three or four parts of hydrochloric acid. Fumes are irritating to the eyes and mucous membranes. Corrosive to metals and to tissue."]], ["Auryxia", "C(C(=O)[O-])C(CC(=O)[O-])(C(=O)[O-])[O-].C(C(=O)[O-])C(CC(=O)[O-])(C(=O)[O-])[O-].C(C(=O)[O-])C(CC(=O)[O-])(C(=O)[O-])[O-].O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Fe+3].[Fe+3].[Fe+3].[Fe+3]", ["Tetraferric tricitrate decahydrate is an iron containing phosphate binder used to treat hyperphosphatemia and iron deficiency anemia in adults with chronic kidney disease.  Tetraferric tricitrate decahydrate was granted FDA approval on 5 September 2014."]], ["Dioxido-oxo-(phosphonatomethyl)-lambda5-phosphane;technetium-99(4+);dihydrate", "C(P(=O)([O-])[O-])P(=O)([O-])[O-].O.O.[99Tc+4]", ["A gamma-emitting radionuclide imaging agent used primarily in skeletal scintigraphy. Because of its absorption by a variety of tumors, it is useful for the detection of neoplasms."]], ["Tecovirimat monohydrate", "C1[C@@H]2[C@H]1[C@@H]3C=C[C@H]2[C@@H]4[C@H]3C(=O)N(C4=O)NC(=O)C5=CC=C(C=C5)C(F)(F)F.O", ["Tecovirimat is an antiviral prescription medicine approved by the U.S.  Food and Drug Administration(FDA) for the treatment of smallpox in adults and children."]], ["Martinostat C-11", "[11CH3]N(CC1=CC=C(C=C1)/C=C/C(=O)NO)CC23CC4CC(C2)CC(C4)C3", ["Carbon C 11 Martinostat is a radioconjugate composed of martinostat, a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, labeled with the positron-emitting isotope carbon C 11, with potential use in imaging via positron emission tomography (PET)/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Upon intravenous administration of carbon C 11 martinostat, the martinostat moiety targets and binds to HDAC on tumor cells. Upon PET/MRI imaging, this radioligand may allow for the assessment of HDAC-expressing tumor cells. HDACs, upregulated in many tumor cell types, are a family of metalloenzymes responsible for the deacetylation of chromatin histone proteins."]], ["Enasidenib mesylate", "CC(C)(CNC1=NC(=NC(=N1)C2=NC(=CC=C2)C(F)(F)F)NC3=CC(=NC=C3)C(F)(F)F)O.CS(=O)(=O)O", ["Enasidenib Mesylate is the mesylate salt form of enasidenib, an orally available inhibitor of specific mutant forms of the mitochondrial enzyme isocitrate dehydrogenase type 2 (IDH2), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, enasidenib specifically inhibits various mutant forms of IDH2, including the IDH2 variants R140Q, R172S, and R172K, which inhibits the formation of 2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG). This may lead to both an induction of cellular differentiation and an inhibition of cellular proliferation in IDH2-expressing tumor cells. IDH2, an enzyme in the citric acid cycle, is mutated in a variety of cancers; it initiates and drives cancer growth by blocking differentiation and the production of the oncometabolite 2HG."]], ["(1R,3S,5R,7R,8E,12R,14E,16E,18E,20E,24S,25R,26S)-22-[(2R,3S,4S,5S,6R)-4-amino-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-1,3,26-trihydroxy-12-methyl-10-oxo-6,11,28-trioxatricyclo[22.3.1.05,7]octacosa-8,14,16,18,20-pentaene-25-carboxylic acid", "C[C@@H]1C/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/C(C[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H](C[C@](O2)(C[C@H](C[C@@H]3[C@H](O3)/C=C/C(=O)O1)O)O)O)C(=O)O)O[C@H]4[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O4)C)O)N)O", ["Natamycin is a polyene amphoteric macrolide antibiotic with antifungal properties. Natamycin exerts its antifungal effects by binding to sterols in the fungal cell membrane thereby increasing membrane permeability. This leads to a leakage and loss of essential cellular constituents. Following ocular application, natamycin is retained in the conjunctival fornices and attains effective concentrations within the corneal stroma where it exerts its effect.", "Amphoteric macrolide antifungal antibiotic from Streptomyces natalensis or S. chattanoogensis. It is used for a variety of fungal infections, mainly topically."]], ["(2R,3S,4R,5R,8R,11R,12S,13S,14R)-11-[(2R,3R,4S,6R)-4-(dimethylamino)-3-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-2-ethyl-3,4,10-trihydroxy-13-[(2R,4R,5S,6S)-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-4,6-dimethyloxan-2-yl]oxy-3,5,6,8,10,12,14-heptamethyl-1-oxa-6-azacyclopentadecan-15-one", "CC[C@@H]1[C@@]([C@@H]([C@H](N(C[C@@H](CC([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](C(=O)O1)C)O[C@H]2C[C@@]([C@H]([C@@H](O2)C)O)(C)OC)C)O[C@@H]3[C@@H]([C@H](C[C@H](O3)C)N(C)C)O)(C)O)C)C)C)O)(C)O", ["A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic structurally related to ERYTHROMYCIN. It has been used in the treatment of Mycobacterium avium intracellulare infections, toxoplasmosis, and cryptosporidiosis."]], ["N-(5-((6,7-Dimethoxyquinolin-4-yl)oxy)pyridin-2-yl)-2,5-dioxo-1-phenyl-1,2,5,6,7,8-hexahydroquinoline-3-carboxamide", "COC1=CC2=C(C=CN=C2C=C1OC)OC3=CN=C(C=C3)NC(=O)C4=CC5=C(CCCC5=O)N(C4=O)C6=CC=CC=C6", ["Axl/Mer Inhibitor ONO-7475 is an orally available and selective inhibitor of the receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) Axl (UFO) and Mer, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, ONO-7475 targets and binds to both Axl and Mer, and prevents their activity. This blocks Axl- and Mer-mediated signal transduction pathways, and inhibits proliferation and migration of Axl- and Mer-overexpressing tumor cells. Axl and Mer, both members of the TAM (Tyro3, Axl and Mer) family of RTKs, are overexpressed by many tumor cell types. They play key roles in tumor cell proliferation, survival, invasion, angiogenesis and metastasis, and their expression is associated with drug resistance and poor prognosis."]], ["Ergotamine cation", "C[C@@]1(C(=O)N2[C@H](C(=O)N3CCC[C@H]3[C@@]2(O1)O)CC4=CC=CC=C4)NC(=O)[C@H]5C[NH+]([C@@H]6CC7=CNC8=CC=CC(=C78)C6=C5)C", ["Ergotamine(1+) is a tertiary ammonium ion that is conjugate acid of ergotamine resulting from the protonation of the tertiary amino group; major species at pH 7.3. It is a conjugate acid of an ergotamine."]], ["Dehydroascorbate (bicyclic form)", "C1[C@@H]([C@@H]2[C@](O1)(C(C(=O)O2)(O)O)O)O", ["dehydroascorbate (bicyclic form) is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655)."]], ["N-[(2S,3S,4R)-1-(alpha-D-galactopyranosyloxy)-3,4-dihydroxyoctadecan-2-yl]undecanamide", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCC[C@H]([C@H]([C@H](CO[C@@H]1[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@H](O1)CO)O)O)O)NC(=O)CCCCCCCCCC)O)O", ["1-O-(alpha-D-galactosyl)-N-undecanoylphytosphingosine is a glycophytoceramide having an alpha-D-galactopyranosyl residue at the O-1 position and an undecanoyl group attached to the nitrogen. It is functionally related to an alpha-D-galactose and an undecanoic acid."]], ["Ozanimod hydrochloride", "CC(C)OC1=C(C=C(C=C1)C2=NC(=NO2)C3=C4CC[C@@H](C4=CC=C3)NCCO)C#N.Cl", ["Ozanimod Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of ozanimod, an orally bioavailable sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptors 1 (S1PR1, S1P1) and 5 (S1PR5, S1P5) modulator, with potential anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating activities. Upon oral administration, ozanimod selectively targets and binds to S1PR1 on lymphocytes and induces S1PR1 internalization and degradation. This results in the sequestration of lymphocytes in lymph nodes. By preventing egress of lymphocytes, ozanimod reduces both the amount of circulating peripheral lymphocytes and the infiltration of lymphocytes into target tissues. This prevents a lymphocyte-mediated immune response and may reduce inflammation. S1PR1, a G-protein coupled receptor, plays a key role in lymphocyte migration from lymphoid tissues. Modulation of S1PR5 by ozanimod may be neuroprotective."]], ["Sucroferric oxyhydroxide", "C([C@@H]1[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](O1)O[C@]2([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O2)CO)O)O)CO)O)O)O)O.O.O.O.[OH-].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Na+].[Na+].[Fe+3].[Fe+3].[Fe+3].[Fe+3].[Fe+3]", ["Iron sucrose (sucroferric oxyhydroxide or iron saccharate) is used as a source of iron in patients with iron deficiency anemia with chronic kidney disease (CKD), including those who are undergoing dialysis (hemodialysis or peritoneal) and those who do not require dialysis. Due to less side effects than iron dextran, iron sucrose is more preferred in chronic kidney disease patients.", "A glucaric acid-iron conjugate that is used in the treatment of IRON-DEFICIENCY ANEMIA, including in patients with chronic kidney disease, when oral iron therapy is ineffective or impractical."]], ["2-[(1S,2S,3R,5S,6R)-3-(diaminomethylideneamino)-4-[(2R,3R,4R,5S)-3-[(2S,3S,4S,5R,6S)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-(methylamino)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4-formyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyloxolan-2-yl]oxy-2,5,6-trihydroxycyclohexyl]guanidine;sulfuric acid", "C[C@H]1[C@@]([C@H]([C@@H](O1)OC2[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]2O)O)N=C(N)N)O)N=C(N)N)O[C@H]3[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O3)CO)O)O)NC)(C=O)O.C[C@H]1[C@@]([C@H]([C@@H](O1)OC2[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]2O)O)N=C(N)N)O)N=C(N)N)O[C@H]3[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O3)CO)O)O)NC)(C=O)O.OS(=O)(=O)O.OS(=O)(=O)O.OS(=O)(=O)O", ["Streptomycin sulfate (2:3) (salt) appears as an antibacterial. White to light gray or pale buff powder with faint amine-like odor.", "Streptomycin Sulfate is the sulfate salt form of streptomycin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from Streptomyces griseus with antibacterial property. Streptomycin sulfate binds to the S12 protein of the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, thereby inhibiting peptide elongation and protein synthesis, consequently leading to bacterial cell death.", "An antibiotic produced by the soil actinomycete Streptomyces griseus. It acts by inhibiting the initiation and elongation processes during protein synthesis."]], ["beta-Ionylacetate", "[C@H]1([C@@H]([C@@H](OC([C@H]1O)C(=O)[O-])O)O)O.[Na+]", ["Sodium alginate is a copolymer macromolecule composed of homopolymeric blocks of 1->4-linked homopolymeric blocks of 1->4-linked sodium beta-D-mannuronate and sodium alpha-L-guluronate residues, covalently linked together in different sequences or blocks. The sodium salt of alginic acid. It has a role as a hematologic agent. It is an organic sodium salt and a copolymer macromolecule. It contains an alginate.", "Sodium Alginate is the sodium salt form of alginic acid and gum mainly extracted from the cell walls of brown algae, with chelating activity. Upon oral administration, sodium alginate binds to and blocks the intestinal absorption of various radioactive isotopes, such as radium Ra 226 (Ra-226) and strontium Sr 90 (Sr-90).", "Salts and esters of ALGINIC ACID that are used as HYDROGELS; DENTAL IMPRESSION MATERIALS, and as absorbent materials for surgical dressings (BANDAGES, HYDROCOLLOID). They are also used to manufacture MICROSPHERES and NANOPARTICLES for DIAGNOSTIC REAGENT KITS and DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS."]], ["Rapivab", "CCC(CC)[C@@H]([C@H]1[C@@H](C[C@@H]([C@H]1O)C(=O)O)N=C(N)N)NC(=O)C.O.O.O.O", ["Peramivir hydrate is a hydrate that is the trihydrate form of peramivir. Used for the treatment of acute uncomplicated influenza in patients 18 years and older who have been symptomatic for no more than two days. It has a role as an EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor and an antiviral drug.", "Peramivir is an inhibitor of the influenza neuraminidase enzyme and is used as therapy of acute symptomatic influenza A and B. Peramivir has not been associated with serum enzyme elevations during therapy or with clinically apparent liver injury.", "Peramivir is a cyclopentane derivative with activity against influenza A and B viruses. Peramivir is a neuraminidase inhibitor which prevents normal processing of virus particles such that virus particles are not released from infected cells."]], ["Orelabrutinib", "C=CC(=O)N1CCC(CC1)C2=NC(=C(C=C2)C(=O)N)C3=CC=C(C=C3)OC4=CC=CC=C4", ["Orelabrutinib is under investigation in clinical trial NCT04305197 (A Study of ICP-022 in Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)).", "Orelabrutinib is a small molecule inhibitor of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK; Bruton agammaglobulinemia tyrosine kinase) with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, orelabrutinib binds to and inhibits the activity of BTK. This prevents both the activation of the B-cell antigen receptor (BCR) signaling pathway and BTK-mediated activation of downstream survival pathways, inhibiting the growth of malignant B-cells that overexpress BTK. BTK, a member of the Src-related BTK/Tec family of cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases, is overexpressed or mutated in B-cell malignancies; it plays an important role in the development, activation, signaling, proliferation and survival of B-lymphocytes."]], ["Bismuth subcitrate potassium trihydrate", "C(C(=O)[O-])C(CC(=O)[O-])(C(=O)[O-])[O-].C(C(=O)[O-])C(CC(=O)[O-])(C(=O)[O-])[O-].O.O.O.[K+].[K+].[K+].[K+].[K+].[Bi+3]", ["Bismuth Subcitrate Potassium is a soluble, complex bismuth salt of citric acid used in combination with metronidazole and tetracycline to treat stomach ulcers caused by Helicobacter pylori infections."]], ["Bismuth subcitrate potassium", "C(C(=O)[O-])C(CC(=O)[O-])(C(=O)[O-])[O-].C(C(=O)[O-])C(CC(=O)[O-])(C(=O)[O-])[O-].[K+].[K+].[K+].[K+].[K+].[Bi+3]", ["A bismuth compound used for peptic ulcer and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD).", "Bismuth Subcitrate Potassium is a soluble, complex bismuth salt of citric acid used in combination with metronidazole and tetracycline to treat stomach ulcers caused by Helicobacter pylori infections."]], ["Chlormerodrin HG-197", "COC(CNC(=O)N)C[197Hg+].[Cl-]", ["Chlormerodrin Hg-197 is a radiolabelled form of chlormerodrin, an organomercury compound that was previously used as a diuretic. Its radiolabelled form was used as diagnostics in brain scans."]], ["Atsm Cu-64", "C/C(=N\\NC(=NC)[S-])/C(=N/NC(=NC)[S-])/C.[64Cu+2]", ["Copper Cu 64-ATSM is a radioconjugate consisting of a lipophilic copper(II)bis(thiosemicarbazone) labeled with the positron- and beta-emitting isotope (64)Cu with hypoxia-selective and antineoplastic activities. With a high membrane permeability and redox potential, copper Cu 64-ATSM is preferentially taken up by hypoxic cells compared to normoxic cells; the extent of retention in tissue is inversely related to the state of tissue oxygenation allowing the quantitation of tissue hypoxia by positron emission tomography (PET). In addition, the radioactive copper moiety of this agent may deliver a selective cytotoxic dose of beta radiation to hypoxic tumor cells."]], ["Labetuzumab govitecan", "CCC1=C2CN3C(=CC4=C(C3=O)COC(=O)[C@@]4(CC)OC(=O)OCC5=CC=C(C=C5)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCN)NC(=O)COCC(=O)NCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCN6C=C(N=N6)CNC(=O)C7CCC(CC7)CN8C(=O)CC(C8=O)SC[C@@H](C(=O)O)N)C2=NC9=C1C=C(C=C9)O", ["Labetuzumab govitecan has been used in trials studying the treatment of Colon Cancer, Rectal Cancer, and Metastatic Colorectal Cancer.", "Labetuzumab Govitecan is an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) containing labetuzumab, a mildly reduced, anti-CEACAM5 humanized monoclonal antibody, conjugated to the potent topoisomerase I inhibitor SN-38, with antineoplastic activity.  The monoclonal antibody moiety of labetuzumab govitecan selectively binds to carcinoembryonic cell adhesion molecule 5 (CEACAM5), which is abundantly expressed on the surface of a majority of solid tumors. Upon internalization and proteolytic cleavage, SN-38, the active metabolite of irinotecan, inhibits the activity of topoisomerase I in the tumor cells, eventually inhibiting both DNA replication and transcription and leading to tumor cell apoptosis."]], ["Zepatier", "CC(C)[C@@H](C(=O)N1CCC[C@@H]1C2N=CC(=N2)C3=CC4=C(C=C3)C5=CC6=C(N5[C@@H](O4)C7=CC=CC=C7)C=CC(=C6)C8=CN=C(N8)[C@@H]9CCCN9C(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)OC)NC(=O)OC.CC(C)(C)[C@H]1C(=O)N2C[C@@H](C[C@H]2C(=O)N[C@@]3(C[C@H]3C=C)C(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C4CC4)OC5=NC6=C(C=CC(=C6)OC)N=C5CCCCC[C@@H]7C[C@H]7OC(=O)N1", ["Zepatier is an antiviral prescription medicine approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus infection (HCV) in adults who meet certain requirements, as determined by a health care provider.", "Zepatier is an oral, fixed combination of two antiviral agents, elbasvir and grazoprevir, that is used to treat chronic hepatitis C, genotypes 1 and 4. This antiviral combination has been associated with low rate of transient serum enzyme elevations during therapy, but has not been implicated in cases of clinically apparent idiosyncratic liver injury with jaundice. However, like all effective direct acting antiviral agents for hepatitis C, Zepatier is considered capable of causing reactivation of hepatitis B in susceptible patients and transient hepatic decompensation in patients with cirrhosis."]], ["Regonol", "C[N+]1=CC=CC(=C1)OC(=O)N(C)C.[Br-]", ["Pyridostigmine is a drug that has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat a condition called myasthenia gravis and to reverse the effects of muscle relaxants. In addition, pyridostigmine has been used in the military as a pretreatment for exposure to the chemical nerve agent Soman. It is also being studied as an investigational drug to treat HIV infection."]], ["4-oxo-4-[[(1R,5R,9R,10S,13R)-1,5,9-trimethyl-11,14,15,16-tetraoxatetracyclo[10.3.1.04,13.08,13]hexadecan-10-yl]oxy]butanoic acid", "C[C@@H]1CCC2[C@H]([C@@H](OC3[C@@]24C1CC[C@](O3)(OO4)C)OC(=O)CCC(=O)O)C", ["Artesunate is a water-soluble, semi-synthetic derivative of the sesquiterpine lactone artemisinin with anti-malarial, anti-schistosomiasis, antiviral, and potential anti-neoplastic activities. Upon hydrolysis of artesunate's active endoperoxide bridge moiety by liberated heme in parasite-infected red blood cells, reactive oxygen species and carbon-centered radicals form, which have been shown to damage and kill parasitic organisms. Additionally, in vitro studies demonstrate that this agent induces DNA breakage in a dose-dependent manner. Artesunate has also been shown to stimulate cell differentiation, arrest the cell cycle in the G1 and G2/M phases, inhibit cell proliferation, and induce apoptosis through mitochondrial and caspase signaling pathways. Artemisinin is isolated from the plant Artemisia annua.", "artesunate is a mineral.", "A water-soluble, semi-synthetic derivative of the sesquiterpene lactone artemisinin with anti-malarial, anti-schistosomiasis, antiviral, and potential anti-neoplastic activities"]], ["Eovist", "CCOC1=CC=C(C=C1)CC(CN(CCN(CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])N(CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-].[Na+].[Na+].[Gd+3]", ["Gadoxetate Disodium is a paramagnetic contrast agent consisting of the disodium salt of the gadolinium ion chelated with the lipophilic moiety ethoxybenzyl (EOB) bound to diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA). When placed in a magnetic field, gadolinium produces a large magnetic moment and so a large local magnetic field, which can enhance the relaxation rate of nearby protons; as a result, the signal intensity of tissue images observed with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be enhanced. Because this agent is preferentially taken up by normal functioning hepatocytes, normal hepatic tissue is enhanced with MRI while tumor tissue is unenhanced. In addition, because this agent is excreted in the bile, it may be used to visualize the biliary system using MRI."]], ["Vasovist", "C1CC(CCC1OP(=O)([O-])OCC(CN(CCN(CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])N(CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])(C2=CC=CC=C2)C3=CC=CC=C3.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Gd+3]", ["Gadofosveset Trisodium is the trisodium salt form of gadofosveset, an injectable, intravascular, amphiphilic gadolinium-based contrast agent (GBCA) used with magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) imaging. Gadofosveset is a stable gadolinium diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA) chelate derivative with a diphenylcyclohexylphosphate group. Upon injection, gadofosveset binds reversibly to endogenous serum albumin which increases its intravascular retention time compared to non-protein binding contrast agents. The serum albumin binding also increases T1-relaxivity of gadofosveset. This produces an increase in signal intensity of blood, thereby enhancing the visualization of blood vessels upon MRA and may aid in the diagnosis of certain blood vessels and heart disorders.", "Gadofosveset Trisodium Anhydrous is the anhydrous form of gadofosveset, an injectable, intravascular, amphiphilic gadolinium-based contrast agent (GBCA) used with magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) imaging. Gadofosveset is a stable gadolinium diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA) chelate derivative with a diphenylcyclohexylphosphate group. Upon injection, gadofosveset binds reversibly to endogenous serum albumin which increases its intravascular retention time compared to non-protein binding contrast agents. The serum albumin binding also increases T1-relaxivity of gadofosveset. This produces an increase in signal intensity of blood, thereby enhancing the visualization of blood vessels upon MRA and may aid in the diagnosis of certain blood vessels and heart disorders."]], ["Cevidoplenib", "CC1=NN(C=C1CN2C[C@@H](CO2)O)C3=NC(=NC=C3)NC4=CC5=C(C=C4)N(C=C5C(=O)C6CC6)C", ["Cevidoplenib is an orally available inhibitor of spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK), with potential anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating activities. Upon oral administration, cevidoplenib binds to and inhibits the activity of SYK, blocking Fc receptor and B-cell receptor (BCR)-mediated signaling in inflammatory cells, including macrophages, neutrophils, mast cells, natural killer (NK) cells and B-cells. This leads to the inhibition of the activation of these inflammatory cells, and the related inflammatory responses and tissue damage. SYK, a non-receptor cytoplasmic protein tyrosine kinase widely expressed in hematopoietic cells, plays a key role in Fc receptor and B-cell receptor signaling in inflammatory cells. It is involved in coupling activated immunoreceptors, such as Fc receptors and B-cell receptors, to signal downstream events that mediate diverse cellular responses, including proliferation, differentiation, and phagocytosis, which are important for allergic and antibody-mediated immune diseases such as immune thrombocytopenia (ITP)."]], ["3-{[(1s)-2,2-Difluoro-1-Hydroxy-7-(Methylsulfonyl)-2,3-Dihydro-1h-Inden-4-Yl]oxy}-5-Fluorobenzonitrile", "CS(=O)(=O)C1=C2[C@@H](C(CC2=C(C=C1)OC3=CC(=CC(=C3)C#N)F)(F)F)O", ["PT-2385 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03108066 (PT2385 for the Treatment of Von Hippel-lindau Disease-associated Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma)."]], ["Linperlisib", "CC(C)(C1CCN(CC1)CC2=C3C(=CC(=C2)F)C(=NC(=N3)N4CCOCC4)C5=CC(=C(N=C5)OC)NS(=O)(=O)C)O", ["Linperlisib is an orally available selective inhibitor of the delta form of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-kinase subunit delta; PI3K-delta; PI3Kdelta), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration linperlisib selectively binds to and inhibits PI3K-delta and prevents the activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. This decreases proliferation of and induces cell death in PI3K-delta over-expressing tumor cells. PI3K-delta also plays a key role in the B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling pathway and the proliferation of certain hematologic cancer cells. The targeted inhibition of PI3K-delta is designed to preserve PI3K signaling in normal, non-neoplastic cells, thereby minimizing serious side effects."]], ["(1R,2S)-E-2-(3-(4-((cis-2,6-Dimethylmorpholino)methyl)styryl)-1H-indazol-6-yl)-5'-methoxyspiro(cyclopropane-1,3'-indolin)-2'-one fumarate salt", "C[C@@H]1CN(C[C@@H](O1)C)CC2=CC=C(C=C2)/C=C/C3=NNC4=C3C=CC(=C4)[C@@H]5C[C@]56C7=C(C=CC(=C7)OC)NC6=O.C(=C/C(=O)O)\\C(=O)O", ["Polo-like Kinase 4 Inhibitor CFI-400945 Fumarate is an orally available fumarate salt form of CFI-400945, a polo-like kinase 4 (PLK4) inhibitor with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, polo-like kinase 4 inhibitor CFI-400945 selectively inhibits PLK4, which results in the disruption of mitosis and the induction of apoptosis. PLK4 inhibition also prevents cell division and inhibits proliferation of PLK4-overexpressing tumor cells. PLK4, a member of the polo family of serine/threonine kinases overexpressed in a variety of cancer cell types, plays a crucial role in the regulation of centriole duplication during the cell cycle."]], ["Iron(III) ammonium citrate", "C(C(=O)[O-])C(CC(=O)[O-])(C(=O)[O-])O.N.O.[Fe+3]", ["Ferric ammonium citrate is a yellowish brown to red solid with a faint odor of ammonia. It is soluble in water. The primary hazard is the threat to the environment. Immediate steps should be taken to limit its spread to the environment. It is used in medicine, in making blueprints, and as a feed additive."]], ["Fulacimstat", "CN1C2=C(C=C(C=C2)N3C=C(C(=O)N(C3=O)[C@@H]4CCC5=C4C=CC=C5C(F)(F)F)C(=O)O)OC1=O", ["Fulacimstat is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02452515 (A Single-blind Pilot Study to Investigate Safety and Tolerability of the Chymase Inhibitor BAY1142524 in Clinically Stable Patients With Left-ventricular Dysfunction)."]], ["3-[3-[[2-[[5-[3-[[6-[[(5S)-5-carboxy-5-[[(1S)-1,3-dicarboxypropyl]carbamoylamino]pentyl]amino]-6-oxohexyl]amino]-3-oxopropyl]-2-hydroxyphenyl]methyl-(carboxylatomethyl)amino]ethyl-(carboxylatomethyl)amino]methyl]-4-hydroxyphenyl]propanoate;gallium-68(3+)", "C1=CC(=C(C=C1CCC(=O)NCCCCCC(=O)NCCCC[C@@H](C(=O)O)NC(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)O)CN(CCN(CC2=C(C=CC(=C2)CCC(=O)[O-])O)CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])O.[68Ga+3]", ["Gallium (Ga) 68 prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-11, or Ga-68 gozetotide, is a radiopharmaceutical agent used to identify and assess prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-positive lesions in adult men with prostate cancer during positron emission tomography (PET). Prostate cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers among men in Western countries and many patients treated with androgen-deprivation therapy relapse with castration-resistant prostate cancer. In nearly all prostate cancers, malignant cells express a transmembrane protein called prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA). Ga-68 PSMA-11 is an imaging agent that binds PSMA during positron emission tomography: it emits positrons to indicate the presence of PSMA-positive prostate cancer lesions in patients with suspected prostate cancer or in patients who may have recurrent prostate cancer.   On December 1, 2020, Ga-68 PSMA-11 was approved by the FDA as the first molecular-targeted drug for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) positive lesions in men with prostate cancer. It is administered intravenously. In October 2022, the EMA's Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) recommended Ga-68 gozetotide be granted marketing authorization for the diagnosis of prostate cancer."]], ["Unii-I0DX1FG55Y", "CCN1CCN(CC1)C2CN(C2)C3=CC=CC(=N3)CN4C[C@H]5N([C@H](C4=O)CC6=C(C=C(C=C6)O)F)C(=O)CN(N5C(=O)NCC7=CC=CC=C7)CC=C", ["CBP/beta-catenin Modulator E7386 is an orally bioavailable, specific inhibitor of the canonical Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, CBP/beta-catenin modulator E7386 inhibits beta-catenin and prevents the interaction of beta-catenin with its transcriptional coactivator, CREB (cAMP response element-binding) binding protein (CBP). This prevents binding of beta-catenin/CBP to WRE (Wnt-responsive element), and inhibits the activation of transcription of a wide range of target genes of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling, thereby preventing gene expression of many Wnt-related, pro-survival proteins and suppressing tumor cell growth. The Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway regulates cell morphology, motility, and proliferation; aberrant regulation of this pathway leads to neoplastic proliferation. Beta-catenin is frequently mutated in various tumors."]], ["Mirvetuximab soravtansine", "C[C@@H]1[C@@H]2C[C@]([C@@H](/C=C/C=C(/CC3=CC(=C(C(=C3)OC)Cl)N(C(=O)C[C@@H]([C@]4([C@H]1O4)C)OC(=O)[C@H](C)N(C)C(=O)CCC(C)(C)SSCCC(C(=O)N)S(=O)(=O)O)C)\\C)OC)(NC(=O)O2)O", ["Mirvetuximab Soravtansine is an immunoconjugate consisting of the humanized monoclonal antibody M9346A against folate receptor 1 (FOLR1) conjugated, via the disulfide-containing cleavable linker sulfo-SPDB, to the cytotoxic maytansinoid DM4, with potential antineoplastic activity. The anti-FOLR1 monoclonal antibody moiety of mirvetuximab soravtansine targets and binds to the cell surface antigen FOLR1. After antibody-antigen interaction and internalization, the immunoconjugate releases DM4, which binds to tubulin and disrupts microtubule assembly/disassembly dynamics, thereby inhibiting cell division and cell growth of FOLR1-expressing tumor cells. FOLR1, a member of the folate receptor family is overexpressed on a variety of epithelial-derived cancer cells. The sulfo-SPDB linker prevents cleavage in the bloodstream and may improve this agent's efficacy in multidrug resistant tumor cells."]], ["Odefsey", "CC1=CC(=CC(=C1NC2=NC(=NC=C2)NC3=CC=C(C=C3)C#N)C)/C=C/C#N.C[C@H](CN1C=NC2=C(N=CN=C21)N)OC[P@@](=O)(N[C@@H](C)C(=O)OC(C)C)OC3=CC=CC=C3.C1[C@H](O[C@H](S1)CO)N2C=C(C(=NC2=O)N)F", ["Odefsey is a prescription medicine approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of HIV infection in adults and children 12 years of age and older who weigh at least 77 lb (35 kg) and who meet certain requirements, as determined by a health care provider."]], ["(1R,3S,5R,6R,9R,11R,15S,16R,17R,18S,19E,21E,23E,25E,27E,29E,31E,33R,35S,36R,37S)-33-[(2R,3S,4S,5S,6R)-4-azaniumyl-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-1,3,5,6,9,11,17,37-octahydroxy-15,16,18-trimethyl-13-oxo-14,39-dioxabicyclo[33.3.1]nonatriaconta-19,21,23,25,27,29,31-heptaene-36-carboxylate", "C[C@H]1/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/[C@@H](C[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H](C[C@](O2)(C[C@H](C[C@H]([C@@H](CC[C@H](C[C@H](CC(=O)O[C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H]1O)C)C)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)C(=O)[O-])O[C@H]3[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O3)C)O)[NH3+])O", ["Amphotericin b is a natural product found in Ascochyta medicaginicola, Casearia sylvestris, and other organisms with data available.", "See also: Amphotericin B (preferred)."]], ["Cobamamide", "CC1=CC2=C(C=C1C)N(C=N2)[C@@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O3)CO)OP(=O)([O-])O[C@@H](C)CNC(=O)CC[C@]\\4([C@H]([C@@H]5[C@]6([C@@]([C@@H](C(=N6)/C(=C\\7/[C@@]([C@@H](C(=N7)/C=C\\8/C([C@@H](C(=N8)/C(=C4\\[N-]5)/C)CCC(=O)N)(C)C)CCC(=O)N)(C)CC(=O)N)/C)CCC(=O)N)(C)CC(=O)N)C)CC(=O)N)C)O.[CH2-][C@@H]1[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O1)N2C=NC3=C(N=CN=C32)N)O)O.[Co]", ["Adenosylcobalamin is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).", "vitamin B12 is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).", "A cobalt-containing coordination compound produced by intestinal micro-organisms and found also in soil and water. Higher plants do not concentrate vitamin B 12 from the soil and so are a poor source of the substance as compared with animal tissues. INTRINSIC FACTOR is important for the assimilation of vitamin B 12."]], ["Symfi", "C[C@H](CN1C=NC2=C(N=CN=C21)N)OCP(=O)(OCOC(=O)OC(C)C)OCOC(=O)OC(C)C.C1CC1C#C[C@]2(C3=C(C=CC(=C3)Cl)NC(=O)O2)C(F)(F)F.C1[C@H](O[C@H](S1)CO)N2C=CC(=NC2=O)N.C(=C/C(=O)O)\\C(=O)O", ["Symfi is a prescription medicine approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of HIV infection in adults and children weighing at least 88 lb (40 kg).", "Symfi Lo is a prescription medicine approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of HIV infection in adults and children weighing at least 77 lb (35 kg)."]], ["6-(3,3-Dimethyl-2-methylideneindol-1-yl)hexanoic acid;hydrobromide", "CC1(C(=C)N(C2=CC=CC=C21)CCCCCC(=O)O)C.Br", ["Hyaluronidase is an enzyme used to improve the absorption and dispersion of parenterally administered fluids, drugs, and contrast agents. The action of hyaluronidase was first described in 1936, and named in 1939. Early research into hyaluronidase identified it as a \"spreading factor\" which allowed for increased permeability of the connective tissue. Hyaluronidase has been used in surgical settings for at least the past 60 years to improve the diffusion of local anesthetics.  Hyaluronidase was first used in prescription products in the United States on 5 May 2004.", "Hyaluronidase is an injectable enzyme with potential adjuvant activity. Upon subcutaneous administration, hyaluronidase modifies the permeability of connective tissue by hydrolyzing hyaluronic acid. This temporarily decreases interstitial viscosity and allows drugs that are co-injected to spread rapidly through the interstitial space, thereby facilitating absorption and/or distribution of the co-injected agents.", "An enzyme that catalyzes the random hydrolysis of 1,4-linkages between N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine and D-glucuronate residues in hyaluronate. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) There has been use as ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS to limit NEOPLASM METASTASIS."]], ["Etripamil", "CC(C)[C@](CCCN(C)CCC1=CC(=CC=C1)C(=O)OC)(C#N)C2=CC(=C(C=C2)OC)OC", ["Etripamil has been used in trials studying the treatment of Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia (PSVT)."]], ["Malonylcarnitine", "C[N+](C)(C)C[C@@H](CC(=O)[O-])OC(=O)CC(=O)O", ["O-malonyl-L-carnitine is an O-acyl-L-carnitine in which the acyl group is specified as malonyl. It has a role as a metabolite. It is functionally related to a malonic acid. It is an enantiomer of an O-malonyl-D-carnitine."]], ["Manganese(5+), ((2,2',2'',2'''-(21H,23H-porphine-5,10,15,20-tetrayl-kappaN21,kappaN22,kappaN23,kappaN24)tetrakis(1-(2-butoxyethyl)pyridiniumato))(2-))-, chloride (1:5), (sp-4-1)-", "CCCCOCCN\\1C=CC=C/C1=C/2\\C3=NC(=C(C4=NC(=C(C5=CC=C([N-]5)C(=C6C=CC2=N6)C7=CC=CC=[N+]7CCOCCCC)C8=CC=CC=[N+]8CCOCCCC)C=C4)C9=CC=CC=[N+]9CCOCCCC)C=C3.[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Mn+3]", ["MnSOD Mimetic BMX-001 is a third generation, cationic, lipophilic, manganese (Mn) and porphyrin-based mimetic of the human mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), with antioxidant and potential chemoprotective activities. Upon administration, MnSOD mimetic BMX-001 is internalized by cells and mimics the activity of MnSOD by scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radical. This prevents oxidative damage to macromolecules such as DNA and minimizes oxygen free radical-related chemotoxicity in normal tissues. This agent was designed to be more lipophilic and less toxic than first and second generation Mn-porphyrin mimetics."]], ["N-[2-(diethylamino)ethyl]-5-[(Z)-(5-fluoro-2-oxo-1H-indol-3-ylidene)methyl]-2,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxamide;(2S)-2-methylbutanedioic acid", "CCN(CC)CCNC(=O)C1=C(NC(=C1C)/C=C\\2/C3=C(C=CC(=C3)F)NC2=O)C.C[C@@H](CC(=O)O)C(=O)O", ["An indole and pyrrole derivative that inhibits VEGFR-2 and PDGFR BETA RECEPTOR TYROSINE KINASES. It is used as an antineoplastic agent for the treatment of GASTROINTESTINAL STROMAL TUMORS, and for treatment of advanced or metastatic RENAL CELL CARCINOMA."]], ["(3S,4aS,8aS)-N-tert-butyl-2-((2R,3R)-2-hydroxy-3-(3-hydroxy-2-methylbenzamido)-4-(phenylthio)butyl)decahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxamide methanesulfonate", "CC1=C(C=CC=C1O)C(=O)NC(CSC2=CC=CC=C2)[C@@H](CN3C[C@H]4CCCC[C@H]4C[C@H]3C(=O)NC(C)(C)C)O.CS(=O)(=O)O", ["A potent HIV protease inhibitor. It is used in combination with other antiviral drugs in the treatment of HIV in both adults and children."]], ["3-Furancarboxamide, 2-methyl-N-[1-[[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methyl]-1H-indazol-3-yl]-", "CC1=C(C=CO1)C(=O)NC2=NN(C3=CC=CC=C32)CC4=CC=C(C=C4)C(F)(F)F", ["NP-G2-044 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03199586 (Phase 1 Clinical Trial of Metastasis Inhibitor NP-G2-044 in Patients With Advanced or Metastatic Solid Tumors (Including Lymphoma)).", "Fascin Inhibitor NP-G2-044 is an orally available inhibitor of the protein fascin, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, NP-G2-044 targets and binds to fascin, thereby preventing the interaction of fascin with actin filaments, thereby preventing actin bundling and filopodia formation. By preventing actin cytoskeletal reorganization, the dynamic changes in cell shape that are necessary for tumor cell migration and invasion to occur are impaired, and tumor cell migration and metastasis are inhibited. Fascin, the main actin cross-linker protein in filopodia, is upregulated in many types of metastatic tumor cells while its expression is low or absent in normal adult epithelial cells; its expression is correlated with aggressive phenotypes, poor prognosis, and shorter survival. Filopodia, finger-like plasma membrane protrusions that are formed upon remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton, are found at a high frequency in metastatic tumor cells and their presence is correlated with tumor cell invasiveness."]], ["Samuraciclib", "CC(C)C1=C2N=C(C=C(N2N=C1)NCC3=CC=CC=C3)NC[C@H]4CCNC[C@@H]4O", ["Samuraciclib is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03363893 (Modular Study to Evaluate CT7001 Alone in Cancer Patients With Advanced Malignancies).", "Samuraciclib is an orally available, selective inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinase 7 (CDK7) with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, samuraciclib selectively and competitively binds to the CDK7 ATP binding site, thereby inhibiting CDK7-mediated signaling. CDK7, a serine/threonine kinase, plays a role in controlling cell cycle progression, transcriptional regulation, and promotes the expression of key oncogenes such as c-Myc through the phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II. Inhibition of CDK7 may inhibit tumor cell proliferation in certain cancers that are dependent on CDK7-mediated transcriptional regulation and signaling."]], ["(2E)-3-ethyl-2-[(2E,4E)-5-(3-ethyl-1,3-benzothiazol-3-ium-2-yl)penta-2,4-dienylidene]-1,3-benzothiazole;hydroiodide", "CCN\\1C2=CC=CC=C2S/C1=C/C=C/C=C/C3=[N+](C4=CC=CC=C4S3)CC.I", ["Dithiazanine iodide appears as green, needle-like crystals. Used as a veterinary anthelmintic, as a sensitizer for photographic emulsions and as an insecticides. Not registered as a pesticide in the U.S. (EPA, 1998)"]], ["2-[Bis[2-[carboxymethyl-[2-(methylamino)-2-oxoethyl]amino]ethyl]amino]acetic acid;gadolinium", "CNC(=O)CN(CCN(CCN(CC(=O)NC)CC(=O)O)CC(=O)O)CC(=O)O.[Gd]", ["Gadodiamide is a paramagnetic gadolinium-based contrast agent (GBCA), with imaging activity upon magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). When placed in a magnetic field, gadodiamide generates a large local magnetic field, which can enhance the relaxation rate of nearby protons. This change in proton relaxation dynamics, iincreases the MRI signal intensity of tissues in which gadodiamide has accumulated; therefore, visualization of those tissues is enhanced."]], ["acetic acid;N-[(3S,6S,9S,11R,15S,18S,20R,21R,24S,25S)-21-(2-aminoethylamino)-3-[(1R)-3-amino-1-hydroxypropyl]-6-[(1S,2S)-1,2-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-11,20,25-trihydroxy-15-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-2,5,8,14,17,23-hexaoxo-1,4,7,13,16,22-hexazatricyclo[22.3.0.09,13]heptacosan-18-yl]-10,12-dimethyltetradecanamide", "CCC(C)CC(C)CCCCCCCCC(=O)N[C@H]1C[C@H]([C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H]2[C@H](CCN2C(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H]3C[C@H](CN3C(=O)[C@@H](NC1=O)[C@@H](C)O)O)[C@@H]([C@H](C4=CC=C(C=C4)O)O)O)[C@@H](CCN)O)O)NCCN)O.CC(=O)O.CC(=O)O", ["Caspofungin Acetate is the acetate salt of an antimycotic echinocandin lipopeptide, semisynthetically derived from a fermentation product of the fungus Glarea lozoyensis. Caspofungin inhibits 1,3-beta-glucan synthase, resulting in decreased synthesis of beta(1,3)-D-glucan (an essential component of the fungal cell wall), weakening of the fungal cell wall, and fungal cell wall rupture. This agent is active against Aspergillus and Candida species.", "A cyclic lipopeptide echinocandin and beta-(1,3)-D-glucan synthase inhibitor that is used to treat internal or systemic MYCOSES."]], ["(1S,2R)-2-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine;(1R,2S)-2-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine;sulfuric acid", "C1[C@H]([C@@H]1N)C2=CC=CC=C2.C1[C@@H]([C@H]1N)C2=CC=CC=C2.OS(=O)(=O)O", ["Tranylcypromine Sulfate is the sulfate salt form of tranylcypromine, an orally bioavailable, nonselective, irreversible, non-hydrazine inhibitor of both monoamine oxidase (MAO) and lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1/BHC110), with antidepressant and anxiolytic activities, and potential antineoplastic activities. Upon oral administration, tranylcypromine exerts its antidepressant and anxiolytic effects through the inhibition of MAO, an enzyme that catalyzes the breakdown of the monoamine neurotransmitters serotonin, norepinephrine, epinephrine and dopamine. This increases the concentrations and activity of these neurotransmitters. Tranylcypromine exerts its antineoplastic effect through the inhibition of LSD1. Inhibition of LSD1 prevents the transcription of LSD1 target genes. LSD1, a flavin-dependent monoamine oxidoreductase and a histone demethylase, is upregulated in a variety of cancers and plays a key role in tumor cell proliferation, migration, and invasion.", "A propylamine formed from the cyclization of the side chain of amphetamine. This monoamine oxidase inhibitor is effective in the treatment of major depression, dysthymic disorder, and atypical depression. It also is useful in panic and phobic disorders. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p311)"]], ["Epclusa", "C[C@H]1CC[C@H](N1C(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)OC)C2=NC3=C(N2)C=CC4=CC5=C(C=C43)OCC6=C5C=CC(=C6)C7=CN=C(N7)[C@@H]8C[C@@H](CN8C(=O)[C@@H](C9=CC=CC=C9)NC(=O)OC)COC.C[C@@H](C(=O)OC(C)C)N[P@@](=O)(OC[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@@]([C@@H](O1)N2C=CC(=O)NC2=O)(C)F)O)OC3=CC=CC=C3", ["Epclusa is a prescription medicine approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of chronic (lasting a long time) hepatitis C virus infection (HCV) in adults and children 3 years of age and older who meet specific requirements, as determined by a health care provider."]], ["Fisogatinib", "COC1=CC(=C(C(=C1Cl)C2=CC3=CN=C(N=C3C=C2)N[C@@H]4COCC[C@@H]4NC(=O)C=C)Cl)OC", ["Fisogatinib is under investigation in clinical trial NCT04194801 (A Phase Ib/ii Study of Fisogatinib(blu-554) in Subjects With Hepatocellular Carcinoma).", "Fisogatinib is an orally bioavailable inhibitor of human fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FGFR4), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, fisogatinib specifically binds to and blocks the binding of the ligand FGF19 to FGFR4. This prevents the activation of FGFR4, inhibits FGFR4-mediated signaling and leads to an inhibition of tumor cell proliferation in FGFR4-overexpressing cells. FGFR4 is a receptor tyrosine kinase and is involved in tumor cell proliferation, differentiation, angiogenesis, and survival. FGF19 is overexpressed by certain tumor cell types."]], ["Calcium undecylenate", "C=CCCCCCCCCC(=O)[O-].C=CCCCCCCCCC(=O)[O-].[Ca+2]", ["Calcium Undecylenate is the calcium salt of undecylenic acid, an 11 carbon mono-unsaturated fatty acid with broad-spectrum antifungal activity. Undecylenic acid inhibits the morphogenesis of Candida albicans to its invasive fungal form and inhibits the conversion of unicellular yeast to their hyphal form."]], ["sulfuric acid;(1R,3S,5R,8R,10R,11S,12S,13R,14S)-8,12,14-trihydroxy-5-methyl-11,13-bis(methylamino)-2,4,9-trioxatricyclo[8.4.0.03,8]tetradecan-7-one;hydrate", "C[C@@H]1CC(=O)[C@]2([C@@H](O1)O[C@@H]3[C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]3O2)NC)O)NC)O)O.O.OS(=O)(=O)O", ["Spectinomycin Sulfate Tetrahydrate is the tetrahydrate sulfate salt form of spectinomycin, an aminocyclitol aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from Streptomyces spectabilis with bacteriostatic activity. Spectinomycin binds to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit. As a result, this agent interferes with the initiation of protein synthesis and with proper protein elongation. This eventually leads to bacterial cell death."]], ["dicalcium;(5R,5aR,6S,6aR,7S,10aS)-9-carbamoyl-7-(dimethylamino)-6-hydroxy-5-methyl-10,12-dioxo-5a,6,6a,7-tetrahydro-5H-tetracene-1,8,10a,11-tetrolate", "C[C@@H]1[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H]3[C@@H](C(=C(C(=O)[C@]3(C(=C2C(=O)C4=C1C=CC=C4[O-])[O-])[O-])C(=O)N)[O-])N(C)C)O.[Ca+2].[Ca+2]", ["Doxycycline Calcium is the calcium salt form of doxycycline exhibiting antimicrobial activity.  Doxycycline blocks binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to the mRNA-ribosome complex, thereby inhibiting protein synthesis.  In addition, this agent has exhibited inhibition of collagenase activity. (NCI)", "A synthetic tetracycline derivative with similar antimicrobial activity."]], ["Adomeglivant", "CC1=CC(=CC(=C1C2=CC=C(C=C2)C(C)(C)C)C)O[C@@H](CCC(F)(F)F)C3=CC=C(C=C3)C(=O)NCCC(=O)O", ["Adomeglivant has been investigated for the basic science of Type 2 Diabetes."]], ["Eganelisib", "C[C@@H](C1=CC2=C(C(=CC=C2)C#CC3=CN(N=C3)C)C(=O)N1C4=CC=CC=C4)NC(=O)C5=C6N=CC=CN6N=C5N", ["IPI-549 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03795610 (Window of Opportunity Study of IPI-549 in Patients With Locally Advanced HPV+ and HPV- Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma).", "Eganelisib is an orally bioavailable, highly selective small molecule inhibitor of the gamma isoform of phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K-gamma) with potential immunomodulating and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, eganelisib prevents the activation of the PI3K-gamma-mediated signaling pathways, which may lead to a reduction in cellular proliferation in PI3K-gamma-expressing tumor cells. In addition, this agent is able to modulate anti-tumor immune responses and inhibit tumor-mediated immunosuppression. Unlike other isoforms of PI3K, the gamma isoform is overexpressed in certain tumor cell types and immune cells; its expression increases tumor cell proliferation and survival. By selectively targeting the gamma isoform, PI3K signaling in normal, non-neoplastic cells is minimally or not affected, which results in a reduced side effect profile."]], ["Oxaydo", "COC1=C2C3=C(C[C@@H]4[C@]5([C@]3(CCN4)[C@@H](O2)C(=O)CC5)O)C=C1.Cl", ["A semisynthetic derivative of CODEINE."]], ["Bicyclo(2.2.2)octane-1-carboxylic acid, 4-((((3'R,4'S,5'R)-6''-chloro-4'-(3-chloro-2-fluorophenyl)-1'-ethyl-1'',2''-dihydro-2''-oxodispiro(cyclohexane-1,2'-pyrrolidine-3',3''-(3H)indol)-5'-yl)carbonyl)amino)-", "CCN1[C@H]([C@@H]([C@]2(C13CCCCC3)C4=C(C=C(C=C4)Cl)NC2=O)C5=C(C(=CC=C5)Cl)F)C(=O)NC67CCC(CC6)(CC7)C(=O)O", ["Alrizomadlin is an orally available inhibitor of human homolog of double minute 2 (HDM2; mouse double minute 2 homolog; MDM2), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration,alrizomadlin binds to HDM2, preventing the binding of the HDM2 protein to the transcriptional activation domain of the tumor suppressor protein p53. By preventing this HDM2-p53 interaction, the proteasome-mediated enzymatic degradation of p53 is inhibited and the transcriptional activity of p53 is restored. This may result in the restoration of p53 signaling and lead to the p53-mediated induction of tumor cell apoptosis. HDM2, a zinc finger protein and a negative regulator of the p53 pathway, is often overexpressed in cancer cells. It has been implicated in cancer cell proliferation and survival."]], ["carbanide;cobalt(2+);[(2R,5S)-5-(5,6-dimethylbenzimidazol-1-yl)-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl] [(2R)-1-[3-[(1R,2R,3R,5Z,7S,10Z,12S,13S,14Z,17S,18S,19R)-2,13,18-tris(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-7,12,17-tris(3-amino-3-oxopropyl)-3,5,8,8,13,15,18,19-octamethyl-1,2,7,12,17,23-hexahydrocorrin-3-yl]propanoylamino]propan-2-yl] phosphate", "[CH3-].CC1=CC2=C(C=C1C)N(C=N2)[C@@H]3C(C([C@H](O3)CO)OP(=O)([O-])O[C@H](C)CNC(=O)CC[C@@]4([C@H]([C@@H]5[C@]6([C@@]([C@@H](C(=N6)/C(=C\\7/[C@@]([C@@H](/C(=C/C8=N/C(=C(\\C4=N5)/C)/[C@H](C8(C)C)CCC(=O)N)/N7)CCC(=O)N)(C)CC(=O)N)/C)CCC(=O)N)(C)CC(=O)N)C)CC(=O)N)C)O.[Co+2]", ["Mecobalamin is a synthetic and active form of vitamin B12 that can cross the blood brain barrier without biotransformation, that may be used to treat or prevent vitamin B12 deficiency and its complications. Upon administration, mecobalamin is able to replace endogenous vitamin B12, increase vitamin B12 levels and improve vitamin B12 deficiency. Vitamin B12 is necessary for hematopoiesis, neural metabolism, DNA and RNA production, and carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism. It improves iron functions in the metabolic cycle and assists folic acid in choline synthesis. Its metabolism is interconnected with that of folic acid."]], ["Beta NADP", "C1=CC(=C[N+](=C1)[C@H]2[C@H](C([C@H](O2)COP(=O)([O-])OP(=O)(O)OC[C@@H]3C([C@@H]([C@@H](O3)N4C=NC5=C(N=CN=C54)N)OP(=O)(O)O)O)O)O)C(=O)N", ["Beta NADP is a dinucleotide."]], ["1-[(4-Chlorophenyl)-phenylmethyl]-4-[(3-methylphenyl)methyl]piperazine;hydron;dichloride;hydrate", "[H+].[H+].CC1=CC(=CC=C1)CN2CCN(CC2)C(C3=CC=CC=C3)C4=CC=C(C=C4)Cl.O.[Cl-].[Cl-]", ["Meclizine Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of meclizine, a synthetic piperazine with anti-emetic, sedative and histamine H1 antagonistic properties. Meclizine hydrochloride blocks the H1 histamine receptor and prevents the symptoms that are caused by histamine activity on capillaries, bronchial and gastrointestinal smooth muscles, including vasodilation, increased capillary permeability, bronchoconstriction, and spasmodic contraction of gastrointestinal smooth muscles. Meclizine hydrochloride may exert its antiemetic effects by its anticholinergic actions or due to a direct effect on the medullary chemoreceptive trigger zone.", "A histamine H1 antagonist used in the treatment of motion sickness, vertigo, and nausea during pregnancy and radiation sickness."]], ["Rebaudioside M", "C[C@@]12CCC[C@@]([C@H]1CC[C@]34[C@H]2CC[C@](C3)(C(=C)C4)O[C@H]5[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O5)CO)O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O)O[C@H]7[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O7)CO)O)O)O)(C)C(=O)O[C@H]8[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O8)CO)O)O[C@H]9[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O9)CO)O)O)O)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O1)CO)O)O)O", ["Rebaudioside M is a rebaudioside that is rebaudioside A in which the the hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 3 of the beta-D-glucosyl ester moiety have both been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucoside. Found in very low concentraitions in the leaves of Stevia Rebaudiana, it is more than 200 times sweeter than sucrose. It has a role as a sweetening agent. It is a beta-D-glucoside, a tetracyclic diterpenoid and a rebaudioside. It is functionally related to a rebaudioside A, a rebaudioside D and a beta-D-Glcp-(1->2)-[beta-D-Glcp-(1->3)]-beta-D-Glcp."]], ["(1R,3S,5R,7R,8E,12R,14E,16E,18E,22R,24S,25R,26S)-22-[(2R,3S,4S,5S,6R)-4-amino-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-1,3,26-trihydroxy-12-methyl-10-oxo-6,11,28-trioxatricyclo[22.3.1.05,7]octacosa-8,14,16,18,20-pentaene-25-carboxylic acid", "C[C@@H]1C/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C[C@@H](C[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H](C[C@](O2)(C[C@H](C[C@@H]3[C@H](O3)/C=C/C(=O)O1)O)O)O)C(=O)O)O[C@H]4[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O4)C)O)N)O", ["Natamycin is a polyene amphoteric macrolide antibiotic with antifungal properties. Natamycin exerts its antifungal effects by binding to sterols in the fungal cell membrane thereby increasing membrane permeability. This leads to a leakage and loss of essential cellular constituents. Following ocular application, natamycin is retained in the conjunctival fornices and attains effective concentrations within the corneal stroma where it exerts its effect.", "Amphoteric macrolide antifungal antibiotic from Streptomyces natalensis or S. chattanoogensis. It is used for a variety of fungal infections, mainly topically."]], ["Kaolin, light", "O.O.[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])O[Si]([O-])([O-])[O-].[Al+3].[Al+3]", ["Kaolin is a layered silicate mineral. Kaolin is used in ceramics, medicine, coated paper, as a food additive, in toothpaste, as a light diffusing material in white incandescent light bulbs, and in cosmetics. Until the early 1990s it was the active substance of anti-diarrhoea medicine Kaopectate."]], ["N'-[2-[2-(2-aminoethylamino)ethylamino]ethyl]ethane-1,2-diamine;hydron;chloride", "[H+].C(CNCCNCCNCCN)N.[Cl-]", ["Colestipol Hydrochloride is a hydrochloride salt form of colestipol, a positively charged, non-digestible, triamine and epoxypropane copolymer anion-exchange resin that binds to bile acids in the intestine to form an insoluble complex, which is excreted in the feces.", "Highly crosslinked and insoluble basic anion exchange resin used as anticholesteremic. It may also may reduce triglyceride levels.", "See also: Colestipol Hydrochloride (preferred); Epichlorohydrin (has monomer); Diethylenetriamine (has monomer)."]], ["alpha-D-Sedoheptulopyranose 7-phosphate", "C([C@@H]1[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@](O1)(CO)O)O)O)O)OP(=O)(O)O", ["Alpha-D-sedoheptulopyranose 7-phosphate is a ketoheptose phosphate consisting of alpha-D-sedoheptulopyranose having a phosphate group at the 7-position. It is a sedoheptulose derivative and a ketoheptose phosphate. It is functionally related to a sedoheptulose. It is a conjugate acid of an alpha-D-sedoheptulopyranose 7-phosphate(2-)."]], ["Buprenorphine dimer", "C[C@]([C@H]1C[C@@]23CC[C@@]1([C@H]4[C@@]25CCN([C@@H]3CC6=C5C(=C(C=C6)OCCOC7=C8C9=C(C[C@@H]1[C@@]23[C@]9(CCN1CC1CC1)[C@@H](O8)[C@@](CC2)([C@H](C3)[C@@](C)(C(C)(C)C)O)OC)C=C7)O4)CC1CC1)OC)(C(C)(C)C)O", ["ORP-101 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT04129619 (A Comparison of the Effects of ORP-101 Versus Placebo in Adult Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome With Diarrhea (IBS-D))."]], ["[(1S,2S,3S,4S,7R,9S,10S,12R,15R,16S)-4,12-diacetyloxy-9-hydroxy-15-[(2R,3S)-2-hydroxy-5-methyl-3-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxycarbonylamino]hexanoyl]oxy-10,14,20,20-tetramethyl-11,18-dioxo-6,17,19-trioxapentacyclo[11.6.1.01,16.03,10.04,7]icos-13-en-2-yl] benzoate", "CC1=C2[C@H](C(=O)[C@@]3([C@H](C[C@@H]4[C@]([C@@H]3[C@@H]([C@@]5(C2(C)C)[C@H]([C@@H]1OC(=O)[C@@H]([C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)OC(C)(C)C)O)OC(=O)O5)OC(=O)C6=CC=CC=C6)(CO4)OC(=O)C)O)C)OC(=O)C", ["Ortataxel is a semisynthetic, second-generation taxane derivative with potential antineoplastic activity. Ortataxel binds to and stabilizes tubulin molecules, thereby interfering with the dynamics of microtubule assembly/disassembly. This results in the inhibition of cell division and cellular proliferation. As it represents a poor substrate for P-glycoprotein (P-gp), multi-drug resistance protein (MRP-1) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) mediated efflux, ortataxel modulates multi-drug resistance mechanisms and may be useful for treating multi-drug resistant tumors that express Pgp, MRP-1 and BCRP."]], ["CID 92043128", "CC[C@@H]1[C@H](C2=NC1=CC3=C(C(=C([N-]3)C(=C4[C@H]([C@@H](C(=N4)C=C5C(=C(C(=C2)[N-]5)C(=O)C)C)C)CCC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)OC)C(=O)NCCS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C.[Pd+2]", ["Padeliporfin is a vascular-acting photosensitizer consisting of a water-soluble, palladium-substituted bacteriochlorophyll derivative with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, paldeliporfin is activated locally when the tumor bed is exposed to low-power laser light; reactive oxygen species (ROS) are formed upon activation and ROS-mediated necrosis may occur at the site of interaction between the photosensitizer, light and oxygen. Vascular-targeted photodynamic therapy (VTP) with padeliporfin may allow tumor-site specific cytotoxicity while sparing adjacent normal tissues."]], ["N-[(6S,12S,15S,16S,19R,22S)-3-benzyl-12-ethyl-4,16-dimethyl-2,5,11,14,18,21,24-heptaoxo-19-phenyl-17-oxa-1,4,10,13,20-pentazatricyclo[20.4.0.06,10]hexacosan-15-yl]-3-hydroxypyridine-2-carboxamide;(10S,11S,12E,17E,19E,21S)-21-hydroxy-11,19-dimethyl-10-propan-2-yl-9,26-dioxa-3,15,28-triazatricyclo[23.2.1.03,7]octacosa-1(27),6,12,17,19,25(28)-hexaene-2,8,14,23-tetrone", "CC[C@H]1C(=O)N2CCC[C@H]2C(=O)N(C(C(=O)N3CCC(=O)C[C@H]3C(=O)N[C@@H](C(=O)O[C@H]([C@@H](C(=O)N1)NC(=O)C4=C(C=CC=N4)O)C)C5=CC=CC=C5)CC6=CC=CC=C6)C.C[C@H]1/C=C/C(=O)NC/C=C/C(=C/[C@H](CC(=O)CC2=NC(=CO2)C(=O)N3CCC=C3C(=O)O[C@H]1C(C)C)O)/C", ["Virginiamycin is a class of streptogramin-related depsipeptides isolated from the bacterium Streptomyces virginiae and other Streptomyces bacterial species.  The virginiamycins consist of two major components, virginiamycin M1 and virginiamycin S1.  These agents bind to and inhibit ribosome assembly, thereby preventing protein synthesis.  Active against Gram-positive bacteria, these antibiotics are primarily used in veterinary practice. (NCI04)", "A cyclic polypeptide antibiotic complex from Streptomyces virginiae, S. loidensis, S. mitakaensis, S. pristina-spiralis, S. ostreogriseus, and others. It consists of 2 major components, VIRGINIAMYCIN FACTOR M1 and virginiamycin Factor S1. It is used to treat infections with gram-positive organisms and as a growth promoter in cattle, swine, and poultry."]], ["CID 92043424", "COC1COC(C(C1OS(=O)(=O)[O-])OS(=O)(=O)[O-])OC2COC(C(C2OS(=O)(=O)[O-])OS(=O)(=O)[O-])OC3COC(C(C3OS(=O)(=O)[O-])OC4C(C(C(C(O4)C(=O)[O-])OC)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])OS(=O)(=O)[O-])OC5COC(C(C5OS(=O)(=O)[O-])OS(=O)(=O)[O-])OC.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+]", ["A sulfated pentosyl polysaccharide with heparin-like properties."]], ["rhEPO", "C[C@@H]1C/C=C/C=C/[C@@H]([C@@H](C[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](CC(=O)O1)O)OC)O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O2)C)O[C@H]3C[C@@]([C@H]([C@@H](O3)C)O)(C)O)N(C)C)O)CCO)C)O[C@H]4C[C@@]([C@H]([C@@H](O4)C)O)(C)O", ["A recombinant glycosylated form of erythropoietin which stimulates the differentiation and proliferation of erythroid precursors. It is used for the treatment of ANEMIA associated with CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE in dialysis and predialysis patients."]], ["Heparin (sodium salt)", "CC(=O)NC1C(C(C(OC1O)COS(=O)(=O)O)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)C(=O)O)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)C(=O)O)O)O)OS(=O)(=O)O)OS(=O)(=O)O)NS(=O)(=O)O)O)OS(=O)(=O)O)O.[Na+]", ["Heparin Sodium is the sodium salt form of heparin.  As a glycosaminoglycan anticoagulant, heparin sodium binds to antithrombin III to form a heparin-antithrombin III complex. The complex binds to and irreversibly inactivates thrombin and other activated clotting factors IX, X, XI, and XII and prevents the transformation of fibrinogen to fibrin. (NCI)", "A highly acidic mucopolysaccharide formed of equal parts of sulfated D-glucosamine and D-glucuronic acid with sulfaminic bridges. The molecular weight ranges from six to twenty thousand. Heparin occurs in and is obtained from liver, lung, mast cells, etc., of vertebrates. Its function is unknown, but it is used to prevent blood clotting in vivo and vitro, in the form of many different salts."]], ["OE0L4ZX3I8", "CCCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)(O)OCCNC(=O)CCCCC(=O)NCCCO[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O1)CO)O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@H](O2)CO)O)O[C@@H]3[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@H](O3)CO)O)O)O)O)O)NC(=O)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCC/C=C\\CCCCCCCC", ["Alpha-Gal AGI-134 is a synthetic alpha Gal (aGal) molecule, with potential immunomodulating and antineoplastic activities. Upon intratumoral injection of aGal AGI-134, aGal coats the cancer cell membranes and triggers an anti-aGal antibody-mediated immune response leading to an initial complement-dependent and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). This cytotoxicity causes release from tumor cells and subsequent uptake of released tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) by antigen-presenting cells (APCs). This may activate a systemic immune response against the TAAs and may eradicate cancer cells. aGal is a cell-surface carbohydrate antigen not expressed by humans while being expressed by all other mammals and bacteria. Anti-aGal antibodies are continuously and abundantly produced by humans due to exposure to aGal present on intestinal bacteria in the digestive system."]], ["2,2-dimethylpropanoyloxymethyl (7R)-7-[[(2E)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-methoxyiminoacetyl]amino]-3-[(Z)-2-(4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)ethenyl]-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate", "CC1=C(SC=N1)/C=C\\C2=C(N3C([C@@H](C3=O)NC(=O)/C(=N/OC)/C4=CSC(=N4)N)SC2)C(=O)OCOC(=O)C(C)(C)C", ["Cefditoren Pivoxil is a semi-synthetic, broad-spectrum, beta-lactamase resistant, third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with bactericidal activity. Cefditoren pivoxil is a prodrug that is rapidly hydrolyzed by intestinal esterases during absorption to the microbiologically active cefditoren, an active aminothiazolyl cephalosporin. Cefditoren inactivates penicillin binding proteins (PBPs) thereby interfering with peptidoglycan synthesis and inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis. Another consequence of beta-lactam exposure results in the loss of lipoteichoic acids from the cell wall. Lipoteichoic acids inhibit murein hydrolase activity and their absence from the cell wall triggers uncontrolled autolytic activity rendering bacterial cells susceptible to osmotic shock. This results in a reduction of cell wall stability and causes cell lysis."]], ["cobalt(2+);[(2R,3S,4R,5S)-5-(5,6-dimethylbenzimidazol-1-yl)-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl] [(2R)-1-[3-[(1R,2R,3R,7S,12S,13S,17S,18S,19R)-2,13,18-tris(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-7,12,17-tris(3-amino-3-oxopropyl)-3,5,8,8,13,15,18,19-octamethyl-2,7,12,17-tetrahydro-1H-corrin-21-id-3-yl]propanoylamino]propan-2-yl] phosphate;hydrate", "CC1=CC2=C(C=C1C)N(C=N2)[C@@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O3)CO)OP(=O)([O-])O[C@H](C)CNC(=O)CC[C@@]4([C@H]([C@@H]5[C@]6([C@@]([C@@H](C(=N6)C(=C7[C@@]([C@@H](C(=N7)C=C8C([C@@H](C(=N8)C(=C4[N-]5)C)CCC(=O)N)(C)C)CCC(=O)N)(C)CC(=O)N)C)CCC(=O)N)(C)CC(=O)N)C)CC(=O)N)C)O.O.[Co+2]", ["Hydroxocobalamin is a synthetic form of vitamin B12 that can be used as a dietary supplement to treat vitamin B12 deficiency. Upon administration, hydroxocobalamin mimics vitamin B12 and acts as an essential cofactor in various cellular reactions required for cell growth and replication, and hematopoiesis.", "Injectable form of VITAMIN B 12 that has been used therapeutically to treat VITAMIN B 12 DEFICIENCY."]], ["Sodium glycididazole", "CC1=NC=C(N1CCOC(=O)CN(CC(=O)O)CC(=O)OCCN2C(=NC=C2[N+](=O)[O-])C)[N+](=O)[O-].[Na+]", ["Sodium Glycididazole is the sodium salt of glycididazole with potential radiosensitizing activity. Due to its low redox potential, glycididazole is selectively activated via bioreduction in hypoxic tumor cells and may sensitize hypoxic tumor cells to the cytotoxic effects of ionizing radiation."]], ["(1,6)Dioxacyclododecino(2,3,4-GH)pyrrolizinium, 6-(acetyloxy)-3-ethylidene-2,3,4,5,6,7,9,13,14,14A-decahydro-5,6,12-trimethyl-2,7-dioxo-, (3E,5R,6R,14AR)-, acetate (1:1)", "C/C=C/1\\C[C@H]([C@@](C(=O)OCC2=C3[C@@H](CC[N+]3(C=C2)C)OC1=O)(C)OC(=O)C)C.CC(=O)[O-]", ["LX201 is a silicone matrix ocular implant that provides sustained release of cyclosporine A (CsA) locally to the eye over the course of one year. LX201 is implanted subconjunctivally (beneath the transparent membrane covering the white of the eye) in a minimally invasive procedure. The implant is being developed clinically for the prevention of rejection in corneal transplantation. It is being developed by Lux Biosciences, Inc."]], ["90Yls47brx", "C[C@H]1/C=C/[C@@H]([C@](CC[C@H](CC(=O)O[C@@H]1/C(=C/C=C/[C@@H](C)C2=CC=CC=N2)/C)O)(C)O)OC(=O)N3CCN(CC3)C", ["H3B-8800 is a novel spliceosome inhibitor developed by H3 Biomedicine. It offers the benefit of preferentially killing spliceosome-mutant cancer cells whereas other splicesome inhibitors, such as the pladienolide analogue E7107, show no such preferential targeting. H3B-8800 was granted orphan drug status by the FDA in August 2017 and is in clinical trials for the treatment of acute myelogenous leukemia and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia.", "Splicing Inhibitor H3B-8800 is an orally bioavailable inhibitor of the splicing factor 3B subunit 1 (SF3B1), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, H3B-8800 binds to and blocks the activity of SF3B1, a core spliceosome protein that is mutated in various cancer cells. This modulates RNA splicing by preventing aberrant mRNA splicing by the spliceosome, blocks RNA mis-splicing, enhances proper RNA splicing and prevents the expression of certain tumor-associated genes. This leads to an induction of apoptosis and prevents tumor cell proliferation. In many cancer cells, core spliceosome proteins, including SF3B1, U2 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein auxiliary factor 1 (U2AF1), serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 2 (SRSF2) and U2 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein auxiliary factor subunit-related protein 2 (ZRSR2), are mutated and aberrantly activated leading to a dysregulation of mRNA splicing."]], ["[(2S)-1-[3,10-dihydroxy-12-[(2S)-2-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)carbonyloxypropyl]-2,6,7,11-tetramethoxy-4,9-dioxoperylen-1-yl]propan-2-yl] benzoate", "C[C@@H](CC1=C2C3=C(C(=C(C4=C3C(=C5C2=C(C(=O)C=C5OC)C(=C1OC)O)C(=CC4=O)OC)O)OC)C[C@H](C)OC(=O)OC6=CC=C(C=C6)O)OC(=O)C7=CC=CC=C7", ["[(2S)-1-[3,10-dihydroxy-12-[(2S)-2-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)carbonyloxypropyl]-2,6,7,11-tetramethoxy-4,9-dioxoperylen-1-yl]propan-2-yl] benzoate is a natural product found in Cladosporium cladosporioides with data available."]], ["(1R,4S,5'S,6R,6'S,8R,10E,12S,13S,14E,16E,20R,21E,24S)-6'-cyclohexyl-24-hydroxy-21-hydroxyimino-12-[(4S,6S)-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-5',11,13,22-tetramethylspiro[3,7,19-trioxatetracyclo[15.6.1.14,8.020,24]pentacosa-10,14,16,22-tetraene-6,2'-oxane]-2-one", "C[C@H]1CC[C@]2(C[C@@H]3C[C@H](O2)C/C=C(/[C@H]([C@H](/C=C/C=C/4\\CO[C@H]\\5[C@@]4([C@@H](C=C(/C5=N\\O)C)C(=O)O3)O)C)OC6C[C@@H](C([C@@H](O6)C)O)OC)\\C)O[C@@H]1C7CCCCC7", ["LSM-1662 is a milbemycin."]], ["(7R)-7-[[(2E)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-methoxyiminoacetyl]amino]-3-[(2-methyl-6-oxido-5-oxo-1,2,4-triazin-3-yl)sulfanylmethyl]-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate", "CN1C(=NC(=O)C(=N1)[O-])SCC2=C(N3C([C@@H](C3=O)NC(=O)/C(=N/OC)/C4=CSC(=N4)N)SC2)C(=O)[O-]", ["Ceftriaxone Sodium is the sodium salt form of ceftriaxone, a beta-lactam, third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with bactericidal activity. Ceftriaxone binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBP) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall. PBPs participate in the terminal stages of assembling the bacterial cell wall, and in reshaping the cell wall during cell division. Inactivation of PBPs interferes with the cross-linkage of peptidoglycan chains necessary for bacterial cell wall strength and rigidity. This results in the weakening of the bacterial cell wall and causes cell lysis. Compared to the second and first generation cephalosporins, ceftriaxone is more active against gram-negative bacteria and less active against gram-positive bacteria. Ceftriaxone also crosses the blood-brain barrier and reaches therapeutic concentrations in the central nervous system (CNS).", "A broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic and cefotaxime derivative with a very long half-life and high penetrability to meninges, eyes and inner ears."]], ["Iron(2+) L-ascorbate", "C([C@@H]([C@@H]1C(=C(C(=O)O1)O)O)O)O.C([C@@H]([C@@H]1C(=C(C(=O)O1)[O-])[O-])O)O.[Fe+2]", ["A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant."]], ["disodium;(4S)-4-[[4-[2-(2-amino-4-oxido-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)ethyl]benzoyl]amino]-5-hydroxy-5-oxopentanoate", "C1=CC(=CC=C1CCC2=CNC3=C2C(=NC(=N3)N)[O-])C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)[O-])C(=O)O.[Na+].[Na+]", ["A guanine-derived ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT that functions as a NUCLEIC ACID SYNTHESIS INHIBITOR through its binding to, and inhibition of, THYMIDYLATE SYNTHASE."]], ["Tetrasodium;4-amino-6-[[4-[4-[(8-amino-1-oxido-7-sulfo-5-sulfonatonaphthalen-2-yl)diazenyl]-3-methylphenyl]-2-methylphenyl]diazenyl]-5-oxido-3-sulfonaphthalene-1-sulfonate", "CC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C2=CC(=C(C=C2)N=NC3=C(C4=C(C=C3)C(=CC(=C4N)S(=O)(=O)O)S(=O)(=O)[O-])[O-])C)N=NC5=C(C6=C(C=C5)C(=CC(=C6N)S(=O)(=O)O)S(=O)(=O)[O-])[O-].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+]", ["An azo dye used in blood volume and cardiac output measurement by the dye dilution method. It is very soluble, strongly bound to plasma albumin, and disappears very slowly."]], ["(2R)-2-[[(2S,3R)-2-[[(2R)-2-[[1-[(2R)-2-[[(2R)-2-[[(2S,3S)-3-[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6R)-3-acetamido-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-4-amino-2-[[(2S)-2-[[2-[[2-[[(2S)-4-carboxy-2-[[4-carboxy-2-[[(2S)-3-hydroxy-2-[[(2S)-5-oxopyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]propanoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]-4-oxobutanoyl]amino]propanoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl]amino]-3-methylpentanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoic acid", "CC[C@@H](C)[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(C=C1)O)NC(=O)C2CCCN2C(=O)[C@@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@H]([C@H](C)O[C@H]3[C@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@H](O3)CO)O)O[C@@H]4[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](O4)CO)O)O)O)NC(=O)C)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)N)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)CNC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)O)NC(=O)C(CCC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@@H]5CCC(=O)N5", ["Contulakin-G is a broad spectrum non-opioid analgesic. It is the synthetic form of a natural peptide extracted from the venom of the Conus Geographus sea snail."]], ["[(1R,2S,6S,9S,11S,12S,14R,15S,18S,19S,22S,23S,25R)-1,10,11,12,14,23-hexahydroxy-6,10,19-trimethyl-24-oxa-4-azaheptacyclo[12.12.0.02,11.04,9.015,25.018,23.019,25]hexacosan-22-yl] 3,4-dimethoxybenzoate", "C[C@H]1CC[C@H]2C([C@]3([C@H](C[C@]4([C@@H]5CC[C@H]6[C@]7([C@]5(C[C@]4([C@@H]3CN2C1)O)O[C@@]6([C@H](CC7)OC(=O)C8=CC(=C(C=C8)OC)OC)O)C)O)O)O)(C)O", ["A benzoate-cevane found in VERATRUM and Schoenocaulon. It activates SODIUM CHANNELS to stay open longer than normal."]], ["sodium;N-[(2S,5R,6R)-2-carboxy-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-6-yl]-3-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-1,2-oxazole-4-carboximidate", "CC1=C(C(=NO1)C2=C(C=CC=C2Cl)Cl)C(=N[C@H]3[C@@H]4N(C3=O)[C@H](C(S4)(C)C)C(=O)O)[O-].[Na+]", ["Dicloxacillin Sodium is the sodium salt form of dicloxacillin, a broad-spectrum, semi-synthetic beta-lactam with bactericidal and beta-lactamase resistant activity. Dicloxacillin sodium binds to penicillin binding proteins (PBP) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall.  It also inhibits the cross-linkage of peptidoglycan, a critical component of bacterial cell walls. This leads to the inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis and eventually causes cell lysis.", "One of the PENICILLINS which is resistant to PENICILLINASE."]], ["2-[(1R,4S,8R,10S,13S,16S,34S)-34-butan-2-yl-13-[(2R,3R)-3,4-dihydroxybutan-2-yl]-8,22-dihydroxy-2,5,11,14,27,30,33,36,39-nonaoxo-27lambda4-thia-3,6,12,15,25,29,32,35,38-nonazapentacyclo[14.12.11.06,10.018,26.019,24]nonatriaconta-18(26),19(24),20,22-tetraen-4-yl]acetamide", "CCC(C)[C@H]1C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@H]2CS(=O)C3=C(C[C@@H](C(=O)NCC(=O)N1)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H]4C[C@H](CN4C(=O)[C@@H](NC2=O)CC(=O)N)O)[C@@H](C)[C@H](CO)O)C5=C(N3)C=C(C=C5)O", ["A cyclic octapeptide with a thioether bridge between the cystine and tryptophan. It inhibits RNA POLYMERASE II. Poisoning may require LIVER TRANSPLANTATION."]], ["Ceclor", "C1C(=C(N2[C@H](S1)[C@@H](C2=O)N=C([C@@H](C3=CC=CC=C3)N)[O-])C(=O)O)Cl.[Na+]", ["Semisynthetic, broad-spectrum antibiotic derivative of CEPHALEXIN."]], ["(1S,4S,13S,16S,19S,22S,25S,28R,31S,37S,40S,41S,44R,47S,50S,53S,56R,65S,70S)-44-amino-47-(4-aminobutyl)-4,16,22-tribenzyl-31-[(R)-carboxy(hydroxy)methyl]-2,5,14,17,20,23,26,29,32,35,38,45,48,51,54,57,67-heptadecahydroxy-37-(2-hydroxy-2-iminoethyl)-50-(3-hydroxy-3-iminopropyl)-41,70-dimethyl-8-oxo-25-propan-2-yl-42,69,72-trithia-3,6,9,15,18,21,24,27,30,33,36,39,46,49,52,55,58,60,66-nonadecazapentacyclo[38.18.9.319,56.328,53.09,13]triheptaconta-2,5,14,17,20,23,26,29,32,35,38,45,48,51,54,57,66-heptadecaene-65-carboxylic acid", "C[C@H]1[C@@H]2C(=N[C@H](C(=N[C@H](C(=N[C@H]3CSC[C@@H]4C(=N[C@@H](CS1)C(=N[C@@H](CNCCCC[C@H](N=C([C@@H]([C@@H](SC[C@@H](C(=N[C@H](C(=N[C@H](C(=N4)O)CCC(=N)O)O)CCCCN)O)N)C)N=C([C@@H](N=C(CN=C([C@@H](N=C3O)[C@H](C(=O)O)O)O)O)CC(=N)O)O)O)C(=O)O)C(=N[C@H](C(=NCC(=O)N5CCC[C@H]5C(=N[C@H](C(=N2)O)CC6=CC=CC=C6)O)O)CC7=CC=CC=C7)O)O)O)O)C(C)C)O)CC8=CC=CC=C8)O", ["Lancovutide, a peptide antibiotic, is in clinical development for the treatment of cystic fibrosis. Lancovutide is a 19-amino-acid tetracyclic peptide produced by Streptoverticillium cinnamoneus and is closely related to cinnamycin (Ro09-0198). It belongs to the lantibiotics. Lantibiotics are bacteriocins that are characterized by the presence of a high proportion of unusual amino acids."]], ["2-[Bis[2-[carboxymethyl-(2-methylimino-2-oxidoethyl)amino]ethyl]amino]acetate;gadolinium(3+)", "CN=C(CN(CCN(CCN(CC(=NC)[O-])CC(=O)O)CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)O)[O-].[Gd+3]", ["Gadodiamide is a paramagnetic gadolinium-based contrast agent (GBCA), with imaging activity upon magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). When placed in a magnetic field, gadodiamide generates a large local magnetic field, which can enhance the relaxation rate of nearby protons. This change in proton relaxation dynamics, iincreases the MRI signal intensity of tissues in which gadodiamide has accumulated; therefore, visualization of those tissues is enhanced."]], ["(2S,3R,9R,10R,13R,14S,17S)-2,3,14-trihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-17-[(2S,3R)-2,3,6-trihydroxy-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-2,3,4,5,9,11,12,15,16,17-decahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-6-one", "C[C@]12CC[C@H]3C(=CC(=O)C4[C@@]3(C[C@@H]([C@@H](C4)O)O)C)[C@@]1(CC[C@@H]2[C@@](C)([C@@H](CCC(C)(C)O)O)O)O", ["A steroid hormone that regulates the processes of MOLTING or ecdysis in insects. Ecdysterone is the 20-hydroxylated ECDYSONE."]], ["sodium;(2R)-N-[(2S,5R,6R)-2-carboxy-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-6-yl]-2-[(2-oxoimidazolidine-1-carbonyl)amino]-2-phenylethanimidate", "CC1([C@@H](N2[C@H](S1)[C@@H](C2=O)N=C([C@@H](C3=CC=CC=C3)NC(=O)N4CCNC4=O)[O-])C(=O)O)C.[Na+]", ["Azlocillin Sodium is the sodium salt form of azlocillin, a semisynthetic, extended spectrum acylampicillin with antibacterial activity. Azlocillin binds to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located inside the bacterial cell wall, thereby inhibiting the cross-linkage of peptidoglycans, which are critical components of the bacterial cell wall. This prevents proper bacterial cell wall synthesis, thereby results in the weakening of the bacterial cell wall and eventually leading to cell lysis.", "A semisynthetic ampicillin-derived acylureido penicillin."]], ["3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrimido[1,2-b][1,2]benzothiazole", "C1CN=C2C3=CC=CC=C3SN2C1", ["3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrimido[1,2-b][1,2]benzothiazole is a natural product found in Tacca chantrieri with data available."]], ["Diazanium;butanedioic acid", "C(CC(=O)O)C(=O)O.[NH4+].[NH4+]", ["A water-soluble, colorless crystal with an acid taste that is used as a chemical intermediate, in medicine, the manufacture of lacquers, and to make perfume esters. It is also used in foods as a sequestrant, buffer, and a neutralizing agent. (Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed, p1099; McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1851)"]], ["(9S,9'S)-5,5'-Bis(beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-9,9',10,10'-tetrahydro-4,4'-dihydroxy-10,10'-dioxo-9,9'-bianthracene-2,2'-dicarboxylic acid", "C1=CC2=C(C(=C1)O[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O3)CO)O)O)O)C(=O)C4=C([C@H]2[C@H]5C6=C(C(=CC=C6)O[C@H]7[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O7)CO)O)O)O)C(=O)C8=C5C=C(C=C8O)C(=O)O)C=C(C=C4O)C(=O)O", ["Medications derived from SENNA EXTRACT that are used to treat CONSTIPATION."]], ["(1S,2S,6R,14R,15S,19R)-19-[(2R)-2-hydroxypentan-2-yl]-15-methoxy-5-methyl-13-oxa-5-azahexacyclo[13.2.2.12,8.01,6.02,14.012,20]icosa-8(20),9,11,16-tetraen-11-ol", "CCC[C@](C)([C@H]1C[C@]23C=C[C@]1([C@H]4[C@@]25CCN([C@@H]3CC6=C5C(=C(C=C6)O)O4)C)OC)O", ["A narcotic analgesic morphinan used as a sedative in veterinary practice."]], ["(2S)-2-[(3S,4R,7S,13R,16R,22S,28S,31S,34R)-16-[(1R)-1-aminoethyl]-3-[[(2S)-4-amino-2-[[(Z)-12-methyltridec-3-enoyl]amino]-4-oxobutanoyl]amino]-22,28-bis(carboxymethyl)-4-methyl-2,6,12,15,18,21,24,27,30,33-decaoxo-13-propan-2-yl-1,5,11,14,17,20,23,26,29,32-decazatricyclo[32.4.0.07,11]octatriacontan-31-yl]propanoic acid", "C[C@@H]1[C@@H](C(=O)N2CCCC[C@@H]2C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](C(=O)N3CCC[C@H]3C(=O)N1)C(C)C)[C@@H](C)N)CC(=O)O)CC(=O)O)[C@H](C)C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)N)NC(=O)C/C=C\\CCCCCCCC(C)C", ["(2S)-2-[(3S,4R,7S,13R,16R,22S,28S,31S,34R)-16-[(1R)-1-aminoethyl]-3-[[(2S)-4-amino-2-[[(Z)-12-methyltridec-3-enoyl]amino]-4-oxobutanoyl]amino]-22,28-bis(carboxymethyl)-4-methyl-2,6,12,15,18,21,24,27,30,33-decaoxo-13-propan-2-yl-1,5,11,14,17,20,23,26,29,32-decazatricyclo[32.4.0.07,11]octatriacontan-31-yl]propanoic acid is a natural product found in Actinoplanes friuliensis with data available."]], ["sodium;N-[3-(2-carboxybutyl)-2,4,6-triiodophenyl]butanimidate", "CCCC(=NC1=C(C=C(C(=C1I)CC(CC)C(=O)O)I)I)[O-].[Na+]", ["A diagnostic aid as a radiopaque medium in cholecystography."]], ["17beta-Hydroxy-androstano[3,2-c]isoxazole", "C[C@]12CC[C@H]3[C@H]([C@@H]1CC[C@@H]2O)CC[C@@H]4[C@@]3(CC5=CON=C5C4)C", ["17beta-Hydroxy-androstano[3,2-c]isoxazole is a steroid. It derives from a hydride of an estrane."]], ["2-[(1R,4S,7S,13S,16R,21R,24S,27S,30S,33S,36S,39S,42R,45S,48S,54S,60S,63R,68R,71S,77S)-63-amino-13,45,54,60-tetrakis(4-aminobutyl)-4,36-bis(3-carbamimidamidopropyl)-2,5,8,11,14,23,26,29,32,35,38,41,44,47,50,53,56,59,62,69,72,75,78,85-tetracosahydroxy-16-(C-hydroxycarbonimidoyl)-71-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-7,39,77-tris(hydroxymethyl)-27-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-48-methyl-33-(2-methylpropyl)-30-(2-methylsulfanylethyl)-18,19,65,66,81,82-hexathia-3,6,9,12,15,22,25,28,31,34,37,40,43,46,49,52,55,58,61,70,73,76,79,84-tetracosazatricyclo[40.37.4.221,68]pentaoctaconta-2,5,8,11,14,22,25,28,31,34,37,40,43,46,49,52,55,58,61,69,72,75,78,84-tetracosaen-24-yl]acetic acid", "C[C@H]1C(=N[C@H](C(=N[C@H]2CSSC[C@H]3C(=N[C@H](C(=N[C@H](C(=NCC(=N[C@H](C(=N[C@@H](CSSC[C@@H](C(=N[C@@H](CSSC[C@@H](C(=N[C@H](C(=NCC(=N[C@H](C(=NCC(=N1)O)O)CCCCN)O)O)CCCCN)O)N)C(=N[C@H](C(=NCC(=N[C@H](C(=N3)O)CO)O)O)[C@@H](C)O)O)O)N=C([C@@H](N=C([C@@H](N=C([C@@H](N=C([C@@H](N=C([C@@H](N=C([C@@H](N=C2O)CO)O)CCCNC(=N)N)O)CC(C)C)O)CCSC)O)CC4=CC=C(C=C4)O)O)CC(=O)O)O)C(=N)O)O)CCCCN)O)O)CO)O)CCCNC(=N)N)O)O)CCCCN)O", ["Ziconotide (also known as SNX-111) is a neurotoxic peptide derived from the cone snail Conus magus comprising 25 amino acids with three disulphide bonds. Other such peptides, collectively termed conotoxins, exist, and some have shown efficacy in binding specific subsets of calcium channels; ziconotide is used in part because it can be synthesized without loss of proper bond formation or structural elements. Ziconotide is used to manage severe chronic pain refractory to other methods, through its ability to inhibit N-type calcium channels involved in nociceptive signalling.  Ziconotide was granted FDA approval on December 28, 2004 for marketing by TerSera therapeutics LLC. under the name Prialt. To date, ziconotide is the only calcium channel blocking peptide approved for use by the FDA."]], ["(2S)-2-[[(2S,3S,4S)-2-azaniumyl-4-hydroxy-4-(5-hydroxypyridin-2-yl)-3-methylbutanoyl]amino]-2-[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]acetate", "C[C@H]([C@@H](C1=NC=C(C=C1)O)O)[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H]2[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O2)N3C=CC(=O)NC3=O)O)O)C(=O)[O-])[NH3+]", ["Nikkomycin z is a natural product found in Streptomyces ansochromogenes, Streptomyces scabiei, and Streptomyces tendae with data available."]], ["[(1S,2R,11R)-1,2,5-trimethylspiro[8-oxatricyclo[7.2.1.02,7]dodec-5-ene-12,2'-oxirane]-11-yl] acetate", "CC1=CC2[C@](CC1)([C@]3([C@@H](CC(C34CO4)O2)OC(=O)C)C)C", ["Antifungal metabolite from several fungi, mainly Trichoderma viride; inhibits protein synthesis by binding to ribosomes; proposed as antifungal and antineoplastic; used as tool in cellular biochemistry."]], ["(1R,9S,12S,13R,14S,17S,18Z,21S,23S,24R,25S,27R)-12-[(E)-1-[(1S,3R,4S)-4-chloro-3-methoxycyclohexyl]prop-1-en-2-yl]-17-ethyl-1,14-dihydroxy-23,25-dimethoxy-13,19,21,27-tetramethyl-11,28-dioxa-4-azatricyclo[22.3.1.04,9]octacos-18-ene-2,3,10,16-tetrone", "CC[C@H]1/C=C(\\C[C@@H](C[C@@H]([C@@H]2[C@H](C[C@H]([C@@](O2)(C(=O)C(=O)N3CCCC[C@H]3C(=O)O[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](CC1=O)O)C)/C(=C/[C@H]4CC[C@@H]([C@@H](C4)OC)Cl)/C)O)C)OC)OC)C)/C", ["Pimecrolimus is a 33-epi-chloro-derivative of the ascomycin macrolactam with immunosuppressant property. Pimecrolimus binds to the receptor macrophilin-12 (FKBP-12) forming a complex that blocks the calcium-dependent signal transduction cascade mediated by calcineurin. Via dephosphorylation, calcineurin is the enzyme responsible for activating nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NF-AT), a T cell transcriptional regulatory factor. As a consequence, the synthesis and release of Th1- (T helper 1) and Th2- (T helper 2) type cytokines, and other inflammatory mediators from T-cells and mast cells are blocked and the expression of signals essential for the activation of inflammatory T-lymphocytes is inhibited. However, pimecrolimus mode of action is cell-selective and does not affect Langerhans' cells/dendritic cells and primary fibroblasts."]], ["(2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6S)-2-[[(3S,4aR,6aR,6bS,8aS,11S,12aS,14aR,14bS)-11-carboxy-4,4,6a,6b,8a,11,14b-heptamethyl-14-oxo-2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14a-dodecahydro-1H-picen-3-yl]oxy]-6-carboxy-4,5-dihydroxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid;azane", "C[C@]12CC[C@](C[C@@H]1C3=CC(=O)[C@@H]4[C@]5(CC[C@@H](C([C@@H]5CC[C@]4([C@@]3(CC2)C)C)(C)C)O[C@@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)C(=O)O)O)O)O[C@H]7[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O7)C(=O)O)O)O)O)C)(C)C(=O)O.N.N", ["Diammonium Glycyrrhizinate is the diammonium salt of glycyrrhizin and the active constituent in the traditional Chinese medicinal herb Glycyrrhiza uralensis (Chinese liquorice or Gan-Cao) with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and hepatoprotective properties. Diammonium glycyrrhizinate (DG) is slowly metabolized within the cells into glycyrrhetic acid, which inhibits enzymes that control cortisol metabolism and contributes to this agent's anti-inflammatory effect. Although the exact mechanism of action remains to be fully elucidated, DG may prevent or reduce hepatotoxicity via the scavenging of free radicals. This agent also upregulates the expression of transcription coactivator PGC-1alpha and modulates hepatic enzymes such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), superoxide dismutase and glutathion peroxidase.", "A widely used anti-inflammatory agent isolated from the licorice root. It is metabolized to GLYCYRRHETINIC ACID, which inhibits 11-BETA-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASES and other enzymes involved in the metabolism of CORTICOSTEROIDS. Therefore, glycyrrhizic acid, which is the main and sweet component of licorice, has been investigated for its ability to cause hypermineralocorticoidism with sodium retention and potassium loss, edema, increased blood pressure, as well as depression of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system."]], ["Mecapegfilgrastim", "COCCOC(=O)NCCNC(=O)CCN1C(=O)CC(C1=O)SCCCN[C@@H](CCSC)C(=O)O", ["Mecapegfilgrastim is a long-acting, pegylated, recombinant analog of the endogenous human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), with hematopoietic activity. Upon administration, mecapegfilgrastim binds to and activates specific cell surface receptors and stimulates neutrophil progenitor proliferation and differentiation, as well as selected neutrophil functions. This may decrease the duration and incidence of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia (CIN). Pegylation significantly increases the therapeutic half-life."]], ["beta-Hydroxythiofentanyl", "CCC(=O)N(C1CCN(CC1)CC(C2=CC=CS2)O)C3=CC=CC=C3", ["\u03b2-Hydroxythiofentanyl is an analgesic of the opioid class. This drug is an analog of fentanyl, a potent opioid."]], ["Fezolinetant", "C[C@@H]1C2=NN=C(N2CCN1C(=O)C3=CC=C(C=C3)F)C4=NC(=NS4)C", ["Fezolinetant is under investigation in clinical trial NCT04234204 (A Study to Find Out if Fezolinetant Helps Reduce Moderate to Severe Hot Flashes in Women in Asia Going Through Menopause)."]], ["Zetomipzomib", "C[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C1=CC=C(C=C1)OC)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC2=CCCC2)C(=O)[C@]3(CO3)C)NC(=O)CN4CCOCC4", ["KZR-616 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT04033926 (A Phase 2 Study of KZR-616 to Evaluate Safety and Efficacy in Patients With Active Polymyositis or Dermatomyositis)."]], ["VQ7NU11Krm", "C1=CC(=CC=C1CN(C2=NC=CN=C2)C3=NC=CN=C3)C(=O)NO", ["HDAC6 Inhibitor KA2507 is an orally bioavailable inhibitor of histone deacetylase (HDAC) type 6 (HDAC6; HDAC-6), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, KA2507 targets, binds to and inhibits the activity of HDAC6. This results in an accumulation of highly acetylated chromatin histones, the induction of chromatin remodeling and an altered pattern of gene expression. Specifically, inhibition of HDAC6 prevents STAT3 activity, which leads to a reduction in programmed death-1 (PD-1) expression. Eventually, this results in a selective transcription of tumor suppressor genes, tumor suppressor protein-mediated inhibition of tumor cell division and an induction of apoptosis in tumor cells that overexpress HDAC6. HDAC6, which is upregulated in many tumor cell types, deacetylates chromatin histone proteins."]], ["Mavacamten", "C[C@@H](C1=CC=CC=C1)NC2=CC(=O)N(C(=O)N2)C(C)C", ["Mavacamten is a myosin inhibitor indicated for the treatment of adults with symptomatic New York Heart Association (NYHA) class II-III obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). It received initial US FDA approval in 2022, and it is one of the first myosin inhibitors to be used in humans. Mavacamten was also approved by Health Canada in October 2022."]], ["Pak4-IN-1", "C1CN(CCC1(F)F)C(=O)C2=CC=C(C=C2)C3=CC(=C4C(=C3)C=C(O4)CNC(=O)/C=C/C5=CN=C(C=C5)N)C6=CC=C(C=C6)F", ["Padnarsertib is an orally bioavailable inhibitor of both the serine/threonine kinase P21-activated kinase 4 (PAK4) and the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)-synthesizing enzyme nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT; NAMPRTase), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, padnarsertib allosterically binds to, destabilizes and causes degradation of PAK4. This inhibits PAK4-mediated signaling, induces cell death in, and inhibits the proliferation of PAK4-overexpressing tumor cells. In addition, padnarsertib binds to and inhibits the activity of NAMPT. This depletes cellular NAD and inhibits NAD-dependent enzymes, both of which are needed for rapid cell proliferation; this results in tumor cell death in NAMPT-overexpressing cancer cells. PAK4, a serine/threonine kinase and member of the PAK family of proteins upregulated in various cancer cell types, regulates cell motility, proliferation and survival. NAMPT, an enzyme that is responsible for maintaining the intracellular NAD pool, plays a key role in the regulation of cellular metabolism and has cytokine-like activities. NAMPT is often overexpressed in a variety of cancers and metabolic disorders and tumor cells rely on NAMPT activity for their NAD supply."]], ["Glumetinib", "CN1C=C(C=N1)C2=CN3C(=NC=C3S(=O)(=O)N4C5=C(C=N4)N=CC(=C5)C6=CN(N=C6)C)C=C2", ["Glumetinib is under investigation in clinical trial NCT04270591 (Assess the Anti-tumor Activity and Safety of Glumetinib in Patient With Advanced C-met-positive Non-small Cell Lung Cancer).", "Glumetinib is an orally bioavailable, small molecule inhibitor of the oncoprotein c-Met (hepatocyte growth factor receptor; HGFR), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, glumetinib targets and binds to the c-Met protein, thereby disrupting c-Met-dependent signal transduction pathways. This may induce cell death in tumor cells overexpressing c-Met protein or expressing constitutively activated c-Met protein. c-Met protein is overexpressed or mutated in many tumor cell types and plays key roles in tumor cell proliferation, survival, invasion, metastasis, and tumor angiogenesis."]], ["Vorasidenib", "C[C@H](C(F)(F)F)NC1=NC(=NC(=N1)C2=NC(=CC=C2)Cl)N[C@H](C)C(F)(F)F", ["Vorasidenib is an orally available inhibitor of mutated forms of both isocitrate dehydrogenase type 1 (IDH1, IDH1 [NADP+] soluble) in the cytoplasm and type 2 (IDH2, isocitrate dehydrogenase [NADP+], mitochondrial) in the mitochondria, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, vorasidenib specifically inhibits mutant forms of IDH1 and IDH2, thereby inhibiting the formation of the oncometabolite 2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG) from alpha-ketoglutarate (a-KG). This prevents 2HG-mediated signaling and leads to both an induction of cellular differentiation and an inhibition of cellular proliferation in tumor cells expressing IDH mutations. In addition, vorasidenib is able to penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB). IDH1 and 2, metabolic enzymes that catalyze the conversion of isocitrate into a-KG, play key roles in energy production and are mutated in a variety of cancer cell types. In addition, mutant forms of IDH1 and 2 catalyze the formation of 2HG and drive cancer growth by blocking cellular differentiation and inducing cellular proliferation."]], ["7H-Benz(E)inden-7-one, 3-((1R)-1,5-dimethylhexyl)dodecahydro-6-(3-hydroxypropyl)-3a,6-dimethyl-, oxime, (3R,3aR,5aS,6R,9aS,9bS)-", "C[C@H](CCCC(C)C)[C@H]1CC[C@@H]2[C@@]1(CC[C@H]3[C@H]2CC/C(=N\\O)/[C@]3(C)CCCO)C", ["TRO40303 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01374321 (Safety and Efficacy Study of TRO40303 for Reduction of Reperfusion Injury in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Acute Myocardial Infarction)."]], ["N-(3-(2-((2,3-Difluoro-4-(4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl)phenyl)amino)quinazolin-8-yl)phenyl)acrylamide", "C=CC(=O)NC1=CC=CC(=C1)C2=CC=CC3=CN=C(N=C32)NC4=C(C(=C(C=C4)N5CCN(CC5)CCO)F)F", ["EGFR Mutant-specific Inhibitor CK-101 is an orally available third-generation and selective inhibitor of certain epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activating mutations, including the resistance mutation T790M, and the L858R and del 19 mutations, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, the EGFR mutant-specific inhibitor CK-101 specifically and covalently binds to and inhibits selective EGFR mutations, with particularly high selectivity against the T790M mutation, which prevents EGFR mutant-mediated signaling and leads to cell death in EGFR mutant-expressing tumor cells. Compared to some other EGFR inhibitors, CK-101 may have therapeutic benefits in tumors with T790M-mediated drug resistance. This agent shows minimal activity against wild-type EGFR (WT EGFR), and does not cause dose-limiting toxicities that occur during the use of non-selective EGFR inhibitors, which also inhibit WT EGFR. EGFR, a receptor tyrosine kinase mutated in many tumor cell types, plays a key role in tumor cell proliferation and tumor vascularization."]], ["(S)-N-(4-amino-6-methyl-5-(quinolin-3-yl)-8,9-dihydropyrimido[5,4-b]indolizin-8-yl)acrylamide", "CC1=C[C@@H](CN2C1=C(C3=C(N=CN=C32)N)C4=CC5=CC=CC=C5N=C4)NC(=O)C=C", ["Zipalertinib is an orally available selective inhibitor of a broad spectrum of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations, including EGFR exon 20 insertion mutations (EGFR Ex20ins; Ex20ins mutations), with potential antineoplastic activity. CLN-081 is also active against other EGFR mutations including exon 19 deletions (exon19del), L858R, and T790M, as well as the less common G719X, L861Q and S768I mutations. Upon administration, zipalertinib specifically and covalently binds to and inhibits a variety of EGFR mutations, with particularly high selectivity against EGFR Ex20ins, which prevents EGFR mutant-mediated signaling and leads to cell death in EGFR mutant-expressing tumor cells. Compared to some other EGFR inhibitors, CLN-081 may have therapeutic benefits in tumors with EGFR Ex20ins, as most EGFR mutant-selective inhibitors are not active against EGFR Ex20ins. This agent shows minimal activity against wild-type EGFR (wt EGFR), and does not cause dose-limiting toxicities that occur during the use of non-selective EGFR inhibitors, which also inhibit wt EGFR. EGFR, a receptor tyrosine kinase mutated in many tumor cell types, plays a key role in tumor cell proliferation and tumor vascularization."]], ["Venadaparib", "C1CC1NCC2CN(C2)C(=O)C3=C(C=CC(=C3)CC4=NNC(=O)C5=CC=CC=C54)F", ["Venadaparib is an orally bioavailable inhibitor of the nuclear enzymes poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) 1 and 2, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, venadaparib selectively binds to PARP-1 and -2 and prevents PARP-1 and -2 mediated DNA repair of single-strand DNA (ssDNA) breaks via the base-excision repair pathway. This promotes the conversion of ssDNA breaks to double-stranded DNA breaks, promotes genomic instability and eventually leads to apoptosis. PARP catalyzes post-translational ADP-ribosylation of nuclear proteins that signal and recruit other proteins to repair damaged DNA and is activated by ssDNA breaks."]], ["XX8E5WP7FS", "CN1C=C(C=N1)C2=CC3=C(N=C2)N(C(=N3)N)CC4=CC(=C(C=C4)OCC5=CC=C(C=C5)OC)OC", ["GZ-389988 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02845271 (Proof-of-concept Study to Assess the Efficacy, Tolerability and Safety of a Single Intraarticular Dose of GZ389988 Versus Placebo in Patients With Painful Osteoarthritis of the Knee)."]], ["Trotabresib", "CN1C=C(C2=CC=CC=C2C1=O)C3=C(C=CC(=C3)S(=O)(=O)C)OCC4CC4", ["Trotabresib is an orally bioavailable inhibitor of the Bromodomain and Extra-Terminal (BET) family of proteins, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, trotabresib preferentially binds to the second bromodomain (BD2) of BET proteins, thereby preventing the interaction between the BET proteins and acetylated histones. This disrupts chromatin remodeling and gene expression. Prevention of the expression of certain growth-promoting genes may lead to an inhibition of proliferation in BET-overexpressing tumor cells. BET proteins (BRD2, BRD3, BRD4 and BRDT) are transcriptional regulators that contain two homologous bromodomains, the BD1 and BD2 domains. They play an important role during development and cellular growth."]], ["Avapritinib", "C[C@](C1=CC=C(C=C1)F)(C2=CN=C(N=C2)N3CCN(CC3)C4=NC=NN5C4=CC(=C5)C6=CN(N=C6)C)N", ["Avapritinib, or BLU-285, is a selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor of KIT and platelet derived growth factor receptor alpha indicated for the treatment of unresectable, metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumors and advanced systemic mastocytosis. It is one of the first medications available for the treatment of multidrug resistant cancers. Avapritinib shares a similar mechanism with [ripretinib].  Avapritinib was granted FDA approval on 9 January 2020 and EMA approval on 24 September 2020.", "Avapritinib is a Kinase Inhibitor. The mechanism of action of avapritinib is as a Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor, and Cytochrome P450 2C9 Inhibitor, and P-Glycoprotein Inhibitor, and Breast Cancer Resistance Protein Inhibitor, and Multidrug and Toxin Extrusion Transporter 1 Inhibitor, and Multidrug and Toxin Extrusion Transporter 2 K Inhibitor, and Bile Salt Export Pump Inhibitor.", "Avapritinib is an orally bioavailable inhibitor of specific mutated forms of platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFR alpha; PDGFRa) and mast/stem cell factor receptor c-Kit (SCFR), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, avapritinib specifically binds to and inhibits specific mutant forms of PDGFRa and c-Kit, including the PDGFRa D842V mutant and various KIT exon 17 mutants. This results in the inhibition of PDGFRa- and c-Kit-mediated signal transduction pathways and the inhibition of proliferation in tumor cells that express these PDGFRa and c-Kit mutants. PDGFRa and c-Kit, protein tyrosine kinases and tumor-associated antigens (TAAs), are mutated in various tumor cell types; they play key roles in the regulation of cellular proliferation."]], ["H3B-6527", "CCN1CCN(CC1)C2=CC(=C(C=C2)NC3=CC(=NC=N3)N(C)C(=O)NC4=C(C(=CC(=C4Cl)OC)OC)Cl)NC(=O)C=C", ["H3B-6527 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03424577 (A Study to Evaluate the Food-Effect of H3B-6527).", "FGFR4 Inhibitor H3B-6527 is an orally bioavailable inhibitor of human fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FGFR4), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, H3B-6527 specifically binds to and blocks FGFR4. This prevents the activation of FGFR4, inhibits FGFR4-mediated signaling and leads to an inhibition of cell proliferation in FGFR4-overexpressing tumor cells. FGFR4, a receptor tyrosine kinase overexpressed by certain tumor cell types, is involved in tumor cell proliferation, differentiation, angiogenesis, and survival; FGFR4 expression is associated with poor prognosis."]], ["Roblitinib", "CN1CCN(C(=O)C1)CC2=C(N=C3C(=C2)CCCN3C(=O)NC4=NC=C(C(=C4)NCCOC)C#N)C=O", ["Roblitinib is an inhibitor of human fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FGFR4), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, roblitinib binds to and inhibits the activity of FGFR4, which leads to an inhibition of tumor cell proliferation in FGFR4-overexpressing cells. FGFR4 is a receptor tyrosine kinase upregulated in certain tumor cells and involved in tumor cell proliferation, differentiation, angiogenesis, and survival."]], ["Rineterkib", "CNC[C@H](C1=CC(=CC(=C1)Br)F)NC(=O)C2=C(C=C(C=C2)C3=NC(=CN=C3N)[C@H]4CC[C@@H]([C@H](C4)F)O)F", ["Rineterkib is an orally available inhibitor of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, rineterkib binds to and inhibits ERK, thereby preventing the activation of ERK-mediated signal transduction pathways. This results in the inhibition of ERK-dependent tumor cell proliferation and survival. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/ERK pathway is upregulated in numerous tumor cell types and plays a key role in tumor cell proliferation, differentiation and survival."]], ["Nidufexor", "CN1C2=C(COC3=C2C=C(C=C3)Cl)C(=N1)C(=O)N(CC4=CC=CC=C4)CC5=CC=C(C=C5)C(=O)O", ["Nidufexor is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03804879 (Safety, Tolerability and Efficacy of LMB763 in Patients With Diabetic Nephropathy)."]], ["N-cyclopropyl-4-[7-[(3-hydroxy-3-methylcyclobutyl)methylamino]-5-pyridin-3-yloxypyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-3-yl]-2-methylbenzamide", "CC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C2=C3N=C(C=C(N3N=C2)NCC4CC(C4)(C)O)OC5=CN=CC=C5)C(=O)NC6CC6", ["Threonine Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor CFI-402257 is an orally bioavailable, selective inhibitor of the dual specificity protein kinase TTK (monopolar spindle 1 kinase, Mps1), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, the Mps1 inhibitor CFI-402257 selectively binds to and inhibits the activity of Mps1. This inactivates the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) and accelerates mitosis, which results in chromosomal misalignment and missegregation, and mitotic checkpoint complex destabilization. This induces cell death in Mps1-overexpressing cancer cells. Mps1, a tyrosine and serine/threonine kinase expressed in proliferating normal tissues, is essential for proper SAC functioning and chromosome alignment. Overexpressed in various human tumors, Mps1 plays a key role in uncontrolled tumor cell growth."]], ["Exicorilant", "CN1N=CC(=N1)S(=O)(=O)N2CC[C@H]3CC4=C(C[C@@]3(C2)C(=O)C5=NC=CC(=C5)C(F)(F)F)C=NN4C6=CC=C(C=C6)F", ["Exicorilant is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03437941 (Study to Evaluate CORT125281 in Combination With Enzalutamide in Patients With Mcrpc).", "Exicorilant is an orally available, selective glucocorticoid receptor (GR) antagonist, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, exicorilant competitively and selectively binds to GRs, inhibiting the activation of GR-mediated proliferative and anti-apoptotic gene expression pathways. The GR, a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily of ligand-dependent transcription factors, is overexpressed in certain tumor types and may be associated with tumor cell proliferation and treatment resistance. Inhibition of GR activity may potentially slow tumor cell growth and disease progression in certain cancers."]], ["Lanraplenib", "C1CN(CCN1C2COC2)C3=CC=C(C=C3)NC4=NC(=CN5C4=NC=C5)C6=CN=CC(=N6)N", ["Lanraplenib is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03285711 (Safety and Efficacy of Filgotinib and Lanraplenib in Adults With Lupus Membranous Nephropathy (LMN)).", "Lanraplenib is an orally available inhibitor of spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk), with potential immunomodulating and antineoplastic activities. Upon oral administration, lanraplenib binds to and inhibits the activity of Syk. This inhibits B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling, which leads to the inhibition of B-cell activation, and prevents tumor cell activation, migration, adhesion and proliferation. Syk, a non-receptor cytoplasmic, BCR-associated tyrosine kinase, is expressed in hematopoietic tissues and is often overexpressed in hematopoietic malignancies; it plays a key role in B-cell receptor signaling."]], ["801Xywhnos", "CC1=C(C=CC(=C1Cl)OCCN2CCN(CC2)C)C3=C(SC4=NC=NC(=C34)O[C@H](CC5=CC=CC=C5OCC6=NC(=NC=C6)C7=CC=CC=C7CO)C(=O)O)C8=CC=C(C=C8)F", ["Mcl-1 Inhibitor MIK665 is an inhibitor of induced myeloid leukemia cell differentiation protein (Mcl-1; Bcl2-L-3), with potential pro-apoptotic and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, MIK665 binds to and inhibits the activity of Mcl-1, which promotes apoptosis of cells overexpressing Mcl-1. Mcl-1, an anti-apoptotic protein belonging to the Bcl-2 family of proteins, is upregulated in cancer cells and promotes tumor cell survival."]], ["1-(6-(4-fluorobenzyl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-3,3-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyridin-1-yl)-2-((2R,5R)-5-methyl-2-(((R)-3-methylmorpholino)methyl)piperazin-1-yl)ethan-1-one", "C[C@@H]1CN([C@H](CN1)CN2CCOC[C@H]2C)CC(=O)N3CC(C4=C3C=C(C(=N4)CO)CC5=CC=C(C=C5)F)(C)C", ["ASTX660 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02503423 (Phase 1-2 Study of ASTX660 in Subjects With Advanced Solid Tumors and Lymphomas).", "Tolinapant is an orally bioavailable, non-peptidomimetic antagonist of both X chromosome-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) and cellular IAP 1 (cIAP1), with potential antineoplastic and pro-apoptotic activities. Upon administration, tolinapant selectively binds to and inhibits the activity of XIAP and cIAP1. This restores and promotes the induction of apoptotic signaling pathways in cancer cells, and inactivates the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB)-mediated survival pathway. XIAP and cIAP1 are overexpressed by many cancer cell types and suppress apoptosis by inhibiting the activity of certain caspases; they promote both cancer cell survival and chemotherapy resistance."]], ["(S)-2-(3-(1,4-dimethyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-5-yl)-5-(phenyl(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)methyl)-5H-pyrido[3,2-b]indol-7-yl)propan-2-ol", "CC1=C(N(N=N1)C)C2=CC3=C(C4=C(N3[C@@H](C5CCOCC5)C6=CC=CC=C6)C=C(C=C4)C(C)(C)O)N=C2", ["BMS-986158 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02419417 (Study of BMS-986158 in Subjects With Select Advanced Cancers).", "BET Inhibitor BMS-986158 is an inhibitor of the Bromodomain (BRD) and Extra-Terminal domain (BET) family of proteins, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, the BET inhibitor BMS-986158 binds to the acetyl-lysine binding site in the BRD of BET proteins, thereby preventing the interaction between BET proteins and acetylated histones. This disrupts chromatin remodeling and prevents the expression of certain growth-promoting genes, resulting in an inhibition of tumor cell growth. BET proteins (BRD2, BRD3, BRD4 and BRDT) are transcriptional regulators that bind to acetylated lysines on the tails of histones H3 and H4, and regulate chromatin structure and function; they play an important role in the modulation of gene expression during development and cellular growth."]], ["CID 118218024", "CC[C@@]12C=CCN3[C@@H]1[C@]4(CC3)[C@H]([C@]([C@@H]2OC(=O)C)(C(=O)OC)O)N(C5=CC(=C(C=C45)[C@]6(CC7C[C@H](CN(C7)CC8=C6NC9=CC=CC=C89)C(C)(F)F)C(=O)OC)OC)C", ["Vinflunine is a bi-fluorinated derivative of the semi-synthetic vinca alkaloid vinorelbine with antitubulin, antineoplastic, and antiangiogenic activities. Vinflunine inhibits tubulin assembly without any stablization of assembled microtubules at concentrations comparable to those of other vinca alkaloids such as vincristine, vinblastine and vinorelbine; this effect on microtubule dynamics results in cell cycle arrest in mitosis and apoptosis. Compared to other vinca alkaloids, this agent binds weakly to the vinca-binding site, indicating that vinflunine may exhibit reduced neurotoxicity."]], ["Emavusertib", "CC1=NC=CC(=C1)C2=NC(=CO2)C(=O)NC3=CC4=C(N=C3N5CC[C@H](C5)O)N=C(O4)N6CCOCC6", ["Emavusertib is an orally bioavailable, reversible inhibitor of interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 (IRAK4), with potential antineoplastic, immunomodulating and anti-inflammatory activities. Upon oral administration, emavusertib targets, binds to, and blocks the kinase activity of IRAK4. This inhibits IRAK4-mediated signaling, prevents the activation of IRAK4-mediated nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB) signaling and decreases the expression of inflammatory cytokines and certain pro-survival factors. This inhibits proliferation of IRAK4-overactivated tumor cells, which are found in cells harboring MYD88 activating mutations or those with overactivated toll-like receptor (TLR) pathways. In addition, CA-4948 may inhibit inflammation and immune-mediated cell destruction in inflammatory and auto-immune diseases where TLR or interleukin 1 receptor (IL-1R) signaling is overactivated and MYD88 is dysregulated. IRAK4, a serine/threonine-protein kinase that plays a key role in both the TLR and IL-1R signaling pathways, is activated though the adaptor protein MYD88 and links the TLR and IL-1R signaling pathway to the NF-kB pathway."]], ["Batoprotafib", "C[C@H]1[C@H](C2(CCN(CC2)C3=CN=C(C(=N3)N)SC4=C(C(=NC=C4)N)Cl)CO1)N", ["SHP2 Inhibitor TNO155 is an inhibitor of protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) non-receptor type 11 (SHP2; src homology region 2 domain phosphatase; PTPN11), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, SHP2 inhibitor TNO155 binds to and inhibits SHP2. This prevents SHP2-mediated signaling, inhibits MAPK signaling and prevents growth of SHP2-expressing tumor cells. SHP2, an oncoprotein overexpressed in a variety of cancer cell types, regulates cell survival, differentiation and proliferation through activation of the RAS-RAF-ERK signaling pathway. SHP2 also regulates programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)-mediated signal transduction and is involved in immune checkpoint modulation."]], ["Milvexian", "C[C@@H]1CCC[C@@H](C2=NC=CC(=C2)C3=C(C=NN3C(F)F)NC1=O)N4C=NC(=CC4=O)C5=C(C=CC(=C5)Cl)N6C=C(N=N6)Cl", ["Milvexian is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03766581 (A Study on BMS-986177 for the Prevention of a Stroke in Patients Receiving Aspirin and Clopidogrel)."]], ["12XU6D9Flm", "COCC1(CCN(CC1)CC2(CCC2)C(=O)O)CN[C@@H]3C[C@H]3C4=CC=CC=C4", ["Lysine-specific Demethylase 1 Inhibitor INCB059872 is an orally available inhibitor of lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, INCB059872 binds to and inhibits LSD1, a demethylase that suppresses the expression of target genes by converting the di- and mono-methylated forms of lysine at position 4 of histone H3 (H3K4) to mono- and unmethylated H3K4, respectively, through amine oxidation. LSD1 inhibition enhances H3K4 methylation and increases the expression of tumor-suppressor genes. In addition, LSD1 demethylates mono- or di-methylated H3K9 which increases gene expression of tumor promoting genes; inhibition of LSD1 promotes H3K9 methylation and decreases transcription of these genes. Altogether, this may lead to an inhibition of cell growth in LSD1-overexpressing tumor cells. LSD1, an enzyme belonging to the flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)-dependent amine oxidase family, is overexpressed in certain tumor cells and plays a key role in the regulation of gene expression and in tumor cell growth and survival."]], ["8-(3-(4-acryloylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl)-6-(2,6-dichloro-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7(8H)-one", "CNC1=NC=C2C=C(C(=O)N(C2=N1)CCCN3CCN(CC3)C(=O)C=C)C4=C(C(=CC(=C4Cl)OC)OC)Cl", ["pan FGFR Inhibitor PRN1371 is a highly specific covalent inhibitor of human fibroblast growth factor receptor types 1, 2, 3 and 4 (FGFR1-4) with potential antiangiogenic and antineoplastic activities. FGFR1-4 tyrosine kinase inhibitor PRN1371 specifically binds to a conserved cysteine residue in the glycine-rich loop in FGFRs and inhibits their tyrosine kinase activity, which may result in the inhibition of both tumor angiogenesis and tumor cell proliferation, and the induction of tumor cell death. FGFRs are a family of receptor tyrosine kinases, which may be upregulated in various tumor cell types and may be involved in tumor cell differentiation, proliferation and survival, and in tumor angiogenesis. This agent potently inhibits FGFR1-4 but does not inhibit other tyrosine kinases, even those that share the conserved cysteine, which may improve therapeutic responses and decrease toxicity when compared with less selective inhibitors."]], ["Danicopan", "CC1=NC=C(C=N1)C2=CC3=C(C=C2)N(N=C3C(=O)C)CC(=O)N4C[C@@H](C[C@H]4C(=O)NC5=NC(=CC=C5)Br)F", ["Danicopan is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03459443 (A Proof of Concept Study for a 12 Month Treatment in Patients With C3 Glomerulopathy (C3G) or Immune-Complex Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis (IC-MPGN)).", "Danicopan is an orally bioavailable inhibitor of complement factor D (FD; CFD), a serine protease that cleaves complement factor B, with potential complement system inhibiting activity. Upon administration, danicopan targets, binds to and blocks the activity of FD, and thereby inhibits cleavage of complement factor B into Ba and Bb in the alternative pathway of the complement cascade. This inhibits FD-mediated signaling and activation of the alternative complement pathway (ACP), blocks complement-mediated hemolysis in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) and prevents ACP-induced tissue damage. FD plays a key role in the activation of the ACP."]], ["4-(2-(2-Chloro-4-((5-cyclopropyl-3-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-4-isoxazolyl)methoxy)phenyl)cyclopropyl)benzoic acid", "C1CC1C2=C(C(=NO2)C3=C(C=CC=C3Cl)Cl)COC4=CC(=C(C=C4)[C@H]5C[C@@H]5C6=CC=C(C=C6)C(=O)O)Cl", ["PX-102 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01998672 (Multiple Ascending Oral Dose Phase I Study With Px-102)."]], ["Nebilet", "C1CC2=C(C=CC(=C2)F)O[C@@H]1[C@H](CNCC([C@H]3CCC4=C(O3)C=CC(=C4)F)O)O", ["Nebivolol is a beta-blocker and antihypertensive medication that has additional vasodilatory activity mediated by nitric oxide release. Nebivolol has yet to be linked to instances of clinically apparent liver injury.", "Nebivolol is a beta-1 adrenergic receptor antagonist with antihypertensive and vasodilatory activity. Nebivolol binds to and blocks the beta-1 adrenergic receptors in the heart, thereby decreasing cardiac contractility and rate. This leads to a reduction in cardiac output and lowers blood pressure. In addition, nebivolol potentiates nitric oxide (NO), thereby relaxing vascular smooth muscle and exerting a vasodilatory effect.", "A cardioselective ADRENERGIC BETA-1 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST (beta-blocker) that functions as a VASODILATOR through the endothelial L-arginine/ NITRIC OXIDE system. It is used to manage HYPERTENSION and chronic HEART FAILURE in elderly patients."]], ["Mevociclib", "C[C@@]1(CCC[C@H](C1)NC2=NC=C(C(=N2)C3=CNC4=CC=CC=C43)Cl)NC(=O)C5=NC=C(C=C5)NC(=O)/C=C/CN(C)C", ["Mevociclib is a selective inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinase 7 (CDK7), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, SY-1365 binds to and inhibits CDK7, thereby inhibiting CDK7-mediated signal transduction pathways. This inhibits cell growth of CDK7-overexpressing tumor cells. CDK7, a serine/threonine kinase, plays a key role in cell proliferation; CDK7 is overexpressed in a variety of tumor cell types."]], ["N-(2-((4aR,6S,8aR)-2-Amino-6-methyl-4a,5,6,8-tetrahydro-4H-pyrano(3,4-d)(1,3)thiazin-8a-yl)thiazol-4-yl)-5-(difluoromethoxy)pyridine-2-carboxamide", "C[C@H]1C[C@H]2CSC(=N[C@]2(CO1)C3=NC(=CS3)NC(=O)C4=NC=C(C=C4)OC(F)F)N", ["PF-06751979 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03126721 (The Study is to Evaluate the Effect of Multiple Doses PF-06751979 on the Pharmacokinetics of Midazolam in Healthy Adults)."]], ["Fipravirimat", "CC(=C)[C@@H]1CC[C@]2([C@H]1[C@H]3CC[C@H]4[C@]([C@@]3(CC2)C)(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC=C(C5(C)C)C6=CC[C@@](CC6)(CF)C(=O)O)C)C)NCCN7CCS(=O)(=O)CC7", ["GSK3640254 is an investigational drug that is being studied to treat HIV infection."]], ["2,2,4-trimethyl-8-(6-methyl-7-oxo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridin-4-yl)-6-methylsulfonyl-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one", "CC1(C(=O)N(C2=CC(=CC(=C2O1)C3=CN(C(=O)C4=C3C=CN4)C)S(=O)(=O)C)C)C", ["INCB-057643 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02959437 (Azacitidine Combined With Pembrolizumab and Epacadostat in Subjects With Advanced Solid Tumors (ECHO-206)).", "BET Inhibitor INCB057643 is an inhibitor of the Bromodomain (BRD) and Extra-Terminal (BET) family of BRD-containing proteins, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, the BET inhibitor INCB057643 binds to the acetylated lysine recognition motifs found in the BRD of BET proteins, thereby preventing the interaction between the BET proteins and acetylated lysines on histones. This disrupts chromatin remodeling and gene expression. Prevention of the expression of certain growth-promoting genes, such as c-Myc-dependent target genes, may lead to an inhibition of tumor cell growth. BET proteins are transcriptional regulators that are overexpressed in certain tumor cells and play an important role in cellular growth."]], ["2H-Imidazo[4,5-c]quinolin-2-one, 8-[6-[3-(dimethylamino)propoxy]-3-pyridinyl]-1,3-dihydro-3-methyl-1-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)-", "CN1C2=CN=C3C=CC(=CC3=C2N(C1=O)C4CCOCC4)C5=CN=C(C=C5)OCCCN(C)C", ["ATM Kinase Inhibitor AZD0156 is an orally bioavailable ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) kinase inhibitor, with potential chemo-/radio-sensitizing and antineoplastic activities. Upon oral administration, AZD0156 targets and binds to ATM, thereby inhibiting the kinase activity of ATM and ATM-mediated signaling. This prevents DNA damage checkpoint activation, disrupts DNA damage repair, induces tumor cell apoptosis, and leads to cell death of ATM-overexpressing tumor cells. In addition, AZD0156 sensitizes tumor cells to chemo- and radiotherapy. ATM, a serine/threonine protein kinase, is upregulated in a variety of cancer cell types; it is activated in response to DNA damage and plays a key role in DNA-strand repair."]], ["5-benzyl-N-[(3S)-7,9-difluoro-2-oxo-1,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1-benzazepin-3-yl]-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide", "C1CC2=C(C(=CC(=C2)F)F)NC(=O)[C@H]1NC(=O)C3=NNC(=N3)CC4=CC=CC=C4", ["RIPK1 Inhibitor GSK3145095 is an orally available, small-molecule inhibitor of receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 (RIPK1; receptor-interacting protein 1; RIP1) with potential antineoplastic and immunomodulatory activities.  Upon administration, GSK3145095 disrupts RIPK1-mediated signaling, which may reduce C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL1)-driven recruitment and migration of immunosuppressive myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in the tumor microenvironment (TME). This allows effector cells, such as natural killer (NK) cells and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLs), to kill and eliminate cancer cells. RIPK1, a serine-threonine kinase that normally plays a key role in inflammation and cell death in response to tissue damage and pathogen recognition, is overexpressed in certain cancer types and may be associated with oncogenesis and promotion of the immunosuppressive nature of the TME."]], ["N-(1-((5-Cyanopyridin-2-yl)methyl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-2-(4-(1-(trifluoromethyl)cyclopropyl)phenyl)acetamide", "C1CC1(C2=CC=C(C=C2)CC(=O)NC3=NN(C=C3)CC4=NC=C(C=C4)C#N)C(F)(F)F", ["ACT-709478 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03239691 (A Study to Evaluate the Effect of ACT-709478 in Photosensitive Epilepsy Patients)."]], ["1(2H)-Isoquinolinone, 5,8-dichloro-2-((1,2-dihydro-4-methoxy-6-methyl-2-oxo-3-pyridinyl)methyl)-3,4-dihydro-7-((R)-methoxy-3-oxetanylmethyl)-", "CC1=CC(=C(C(=O)N1)CN2CCC3=C(C=C(C(=C3C2=O)Cl)[C@@H](C4COC4)OC)Cl)OC", ["PF-06821497 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03460977 (PF-06821497 Treatment Of Relapsed/Refractory SCLC, Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer, and Follicular Lymphoma).", "EZH2 Inhibitor PF-06821497 is an orally available selective inhibitor of the histone lysine methyltransferase (HMT) enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, EZH2 inhibitor PF-06821497 selectively targets, binds to and inhibits the activity of EZH2. Inhibition of EZH2 specifically prevents the methylation of histone H3 on lysine 27 (H3K27). This decrease in histone methylation alters gene expression patterns associated with cancer pathways and results in decreased proliferation of EZH2-expressing cancer cells. EZH2, an HMT class enzyme and the catalytic subunit of the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), is overexpressed or mutated in a variety of cancer cells and plays a key role in tumor cell proliferation; its expression is correlated with tumor initiation, progression, stem cell self-renewal, migration and angiogenesis."]], ["(E)-3-(4-((2-(2-(1,1-difluoroethyl)-4-fluorophenyl)-6-hydroxybenzo[b]thiophen-3-yl)oxy)phenyl)acrylic acid", "CC(C1=C(C=CC(=C1)F)C2=C(C3=C(S2)C=C(C=C3)O)OC4=CC=C(C=C4)/C=C/C(=O)O)(F)F", ["LSZ-102 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02734615 (Phase I/Ib Trial of LSZ102 Single Agent or LSZ102 + LEE011 or LSZ102 + BYL719 in ER+ Breast Cancers).", "Selective Estrogen Receptor Degrader LSZ102 is an selective estrogen receptor (ER) degrader (SERD), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration of LSZ102, this agent binds to the ER and induces the degradation of the receptor. This prevents ER activation and ER-mediated signaling, and inhibits the growth and survival of ER-expressing cancer cells."]], ["RM15Yyq1CI", "C[C@H]1COCCN1C2=NC3=C(C=CC(=N3)C4=CC(=CC=C4)C(=O)NC)C(=N2)N5C6CCC5COC6", ["mTORC 1/2 Inhibitor LXI-15029 is an orally bioavailable inhibitor of raptor-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 1 (mTOR complex 1; mTORC1) and rictor-mTOR complex 2 (mTOR complex 2; mTORC2), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, mTORC1/2 inhibitor LXI-15029 binds to the kinase domain of mTOR and inhibits both mTORC1 and mTORC2, in an ATP-competitive manner. This inhibits mTOR-mediated signaling and leads to both an induction of apoptosis and a decrease in the proliferation of mTORC1/2-expressing tumor cells. mTOR is a serine/threonine kinase that is upregulated in certain tumor cell types. It plays an important role in the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, which is often deregulated in cancer cells and promotes cell growth, survival, and resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy."]], ["Pelabresib", "CC1=NOC2=C1C3=CC=CC=C3C(=N[C@H]2CC(=O)N)C4=CC=C(C=C4)Cl.O", ["Pelabresib is the hydrated form of pelabresib, a small molecule inhibitor of the Bromodomain and Extra-Terminal (BET) family of proteins, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, pelabresib binds to the acetylated lysine recognition motifs on the bromodomain of BET proteins, thereby preventing the interaction between the BET proteins and acetylated histone peptides. This disrupts chromatin remodeling and gene expression. Prevention of the expression of certain growth-promoting genes may lead to an inhibition of tumor cell growth. Characterized by a tandem repeat of two bromodomains at the N-terminus, the BET proteins (BRD2, BRD3, BRD4 and BRDT) are transcriptional regulators that play an important role during development and cellular growth."]], ["Adafosbuvir", "C[C@@H](C(=O)OC(C)C)N[P@](=O)(OC[C@@]1([C@H]([C@@]([C@@H](O1)N2C=CC(=O)NC2=O)(C)O)O)F)OC3=CC=CC=C3", ["Adafosbuvir is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02894905 (A Study to Evaluate the Effect of Renal Impairment on the Pharmacokinetics of AL-335)."]], ["Tomivosertib", "CC1=C2C(=O)NC3(N2C(=O)C(=C1)NC4=NC=NC(=C4)N)CCCCC3", ["Tomivosertib is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03318562 (A PD Study of Oral eFT508 in Subjects With Advanced TNBC and HCC).", "Tomivosertib is an orally bioavailable inhibitor of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 (MNK1) and 2 (MNK2), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, tomivosertib binds to and inhibits the activity of MNK1 and 2. This prevents MNK1/2-mediated signaling, and inhibits the phosphorylation of certain regulatory proteins, including eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E), that regulate the translation of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) involved in tumor cell proliferation, angiogenesis, survival and immune signaling. This inhibits tumor cell proliferation in MNK1/2-overexpressing tumor cells. MNK1/2 are overexpressed in a variety of tumor cell types and promote phosphorylation of eIF4E; eIF4E is overexpressed in many tumor cell types and contributes to tumor development, maintenance and resistance."]], ["Balcinrenone", "CNC(=O)C[C@H]1COC2=C(N1C(=O)C3=CC4=C(C=C3)OCC(=O)N4)C=CC(=C2)F", ["AZD-9977 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03843060 (A Phase 1 Study to Assess the Pharmacokinetics of AZD9977 Administered Alone and in Combination With Itraconazole in Healthy Volunteers)."]], ["Mobocertinib", "CC(C)OC(=O)C1=CN=C(N=C1C2=CN(C3=CC=CC=C32)C)NC4=C(C=C(C(=C4)NC(=O)C=C)N(C)CCN(C)C)OC", ["Mobocertinib is a kinase inhibitor targeted against human epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). It is used specifically in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) caused by exon 20 insertion mutations in the EGFR gene, which are typically associated with a poorer prognosis (as compared to \"classical\" EGFR mutants causing NSCLC) and are associated with resistance to standard targeted EGFR inhibitors. Mobocertinib appears to be an effective means of treating this otherwise treatment-resistant NSCLC, exerting an inhibitory effect on EGFR exon 20 insertion mutant variants at concentrations 1.5- to 10-fold lower than those required to inhibit wild-type EGFR.  Mobocertinib, under the brand name Exkivity (Takeda Pharmaceuticals Inc.), was granted accelerated approval by the FDA in September 2021 for the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic NSCLC in patients with EGFR exon 20 insertion mutations who have failed previous therapies.", "Mobocertinib is a Kinase Inhibitor. The mechanism of action of mobocertinib is as a HER1 Antagonist, and Cytochrome P450 3A Inducer.", "Mobocertinib is an orally available inhibitor of human epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) exon 20 insertion mutations, with antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, mobocertinib, and its active metabolites, specifically and irreversibly binds to and inhibits exon 20 insertion mutations of EGFR. This prevents EGFR-mediated signaling and leads to cell death in tumor cells expressing exon 20 insertion mutations. In addition, mobocertinib may inhibit the activity of other EGFR family members, such as human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2; ERBB2) and HER4. EGFR, HER-2 and -4 are receptor tyrosine kinases often mutated in numerous tumor cell types. They play key roles in tumor cell proliferation and tumor vascularization."]], ["CID 118627280", "CC1=CC(=CC(=N1)CC(=O)NC2=NN=C(C=C2)CC[C@H](CN3C=C(N=N3)C(=O)NC)F)OC4CC(C4)(F)F", ["Glutaminase-1 Inhibitor IACS-6274 is an orally bioavailable inhibitor of the metabolic enzyme glutaminase-1 (GLS1), with potential antineoplastic and immunostimulating activities. Upon oral administration, IACS-6274 selectively targets, binds to and inhibits human GLS1, an enzyme that is essential for the conversion of the amino acid glutamine into glutamate. Blocking glutamine metabolism inhibits proliferation in rapidly growing tumor cells and leads to an induction of cell death. Unlike normal healthy cells, glutamine-dependent tumors heavily rely on the intracellular conversion of exogenous glutamine into glutamate and glutamate metabolites to provide energy and generate building blocks for the production of macromolecules, which are needed for cellular growth and survival."]], ["Subasumstat", "CC1=C(C=C(S1)C(=O)C2=CN=CN=C2N[C@@H]3C[C@@H]([C@H](C3)O)COS(=O)(=O)N)[C@H]4C5=C(CCN4)C=CC(=C5)Cl", ["Subasumstat is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03648372 (A Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, Preliminary Efficacy and Pharmacokinetics (PK) of TAK-981 in Adult Participants With Advanced or Metastatic Solid Tumors or Relapsed/refractory Hematologic Malignancies and in a Subset With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)).", "Subasumstat is a small molecule inhibitor of sumoylation, with potential immune-activating and antineoplastic activities. Upon intravenous administration, subasumstat targets and covalently binds to the small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO; small ubiquitin-related modifier) protein, forming an adduct with SUMO protein (subasumstat-SUMO adduct). This prevents the transfer of SUMO from the SUMO-activating enzyme (SAE) to SUMO-conjugating enzyme UBC9. This prevents SUMO conjugation to lysine residues on target proteins and abrogates many sumoylated protein-mediated cellular processes that play key roles in tumor cells, including proliferation, DNA repair, metastasis and survival. In addition, by preventing sumoylation, subasumstat is able to increase the production of type 1 interferon (IFN), thereby increasing type 1 IFN-mediated signaling, activating innate effector cells and enhancing the antitumor innate immune responses. This may further increase tumor cell killing. Sumoylation, a post-translational modification that attaches the SUMO protein to target proteins, plays a key role in regulating their activity, function, subcellular localization and stability.  Sumoylation also plays a key role in inhibiting innate immune responses, specifically by inhibiting the pattern recognition receptor (PRR) pathway and preventing type 1 IFN expression. Abnormal sumoylation of target proteins is associated with many cancers."]], ["Nendratareotide uzatansine", "C[C@@H]1[C@@H]2C[C@]([C@@H](/C=C/C=C(/CC3=CC(=C(C(=C3)OC)Cl)N(C(=O)C[C@@H]([C@]4([C@H]1O4)C)OC(=O)[C@H](C)N(C)C(=O)CCSSC[C@@H](C(=O)N)NC(=O)[C@@H]5CSSC[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N5)[C@@H](C)O)CCCCN)CC6=CNC7=CC=CC=C76)CC8=CC=C(C=C8)O)NC(=O)[C@@H](CC9=CC=CC=C9)N)C)\\C)OC)(NC(=O)O2)O", ["Nendratareotide Uzatansine is a miniaturized drug conjugate composed of a peptide analog of somatostatin that targets the somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2) and is conjugated, through a cleavable linker, to the microtubule-binding cytotoxic maytansinoid DM1 (mertansine), with potential anti-tumor activity. Upon administration, the peptide ligand moiety of nendratareotide uzatansine targets and binds to SSTR2, which is overexpressed on certain tumor cell types. Binding stimulates SSTR2-mediated endocytosis of the agent; upon internalization, the DM1 moiety is released and binds to tubulin, thereby disrupting microtubule assembly/disassembly dynamics. This inhibits both cell division and the proliferation of SSTR2-expressing cancer cells. Compared to antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), miniaturized drug conjugates are much smaller and can more easily penetrate and distribute in dense tumor tissue."]], ["Eragidomide", "C1CC(=O)NC(=O)C1N2CC3=C(C2=O)C=CC(=C3)CNC(=O)C(C4=CC=C(C=C4)Cl)(F)F", ["Eragidomide is a modulator of cereblon (CRBN), which is part of the cullin 4-RING E3 ubiquitin ligase complex (CRL4-CRBN E3 ubiquitin ligase; CUL4-CRBN E3 ubiquitin ligase), with potential immunomodulating and pro-apoptotic activities. Upon administration, eragidomide specifically binds to CRBN, thereby affecting the activity of the ubiquitin E3 ligase complex. This leads to the ubiquitination of certain substrate proteins and induces the proteasome-mediated degradation of certain transcription factors, including Ikaros (IKZF1) and Aiolos (IKZF3), which are transcriptional repressors in T-cells. This reduces the levels of these transcription factors, and modulates the activity of the immune system, which may include the activation of T-lymphocytes. In addition, this downregulates the expression of other proteins, including interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) and c-myc, which plays a key role in the proliferation of certain cancer cell types. CRBN, the substrate recognition component of the E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, plays a key role in the ubiquitination of certain proteins."]], ["Edralbrutinib", "CC#CC(=O)N1CC[C@H](C1)N2C=C(C3=C2C(=O)NN=C3N)C4=CC=C(C=C4)OC5=C(C=CC=C5F)F", ["Edralbrutinib is an orally available irreversible inhibitor of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK; Bruton agammaglobulinemia tyrosine kinase) with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, edralbrutinib covalently binds to and irreversibly inhibits BTK activity, thereby preventing the activation of the B-cell antigen receptor (BCR) signaling pathway and BTK-mediated activation of downstream survival pathways. This may inhibit the growth of malignant B-cells that overexpress BTK. BTK, a member of the Src-related BTK/Tec family of cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases, is overexpressed or mutated in B-cell malignancies; it plays an important role in the development, activation, signaling, proliferation and survival of B-lymphocytes."]], ["(3~{r})-4-[2-[4-[1-(3-Methoxy-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-B]pyridazin-6-Yl)piperidin-4-Yl]phenoxy]ethyl]-1,3-Dimethyl-Piperazin-2-One", "C[C@@H]1C(=O)N(CCN1CCOC2=CC=C(C=C2)C3CCN(CC3)C4=NN5C(=NN=C5OC)C=C4)C", ["Bivalent BRD4 Inhibitor AZD5153 is an orally bioavailable bivalent inhibitor of  bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, the BRD4 inhibitor AZD5153 selectively binds to the acetylated lysine recognition motifs in two bromodomains in the BRD4 protein, thereby preventing the binding of BRD4 to acetylated lysines on histones. This disrupts chromatin remodeling and dysregulates expression of target genes, which leads to the downregulation of the expression of certain growth-promoting genes, induces apoptosis and inhibits the proliferation of BRD4-overexpressing tumor cells. BRD4, a member of the human bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) family of proteins, is a transcriptional regulator that is overexpressed in certain tumor cells and plays an important role in cellular proliferation."]], ["[(2R,3S,4R)-5-(5,6-dimethylbenzimidazol-1-yl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-oxidanyl-oxolan-3-yl] [(2R)-1-[3-[(1R,2R,3R,5Z,7S,10Z,12S,13S,15Z,17S,18S,19R)-2,13,18-tris(2-azanyl-2-oxidanylidene-ethyl)-7,12,17-tris(3-azanyl-3-oxidanylidene-propyl)-3,5,8,8,3,15,18,19-octamethyl-2,7,12,17-tetrahydro-1H-corrin-24-id-3-yl]propanoylamino]propan-2-yl] phosphate", "CC1=CC2=C(C=C1C)N(C=N2)C3[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O3)CO)OP(=O)([O-])O[C@H](C)CNC(=O)CC[C@@]\\4([C@H](C5[C@]6([C@@]([C@@H](C(=N6)/C(=C\\7/[C@@]([C@@H](C(=N7)/C=C\\8/C([C@@H](C(=N8)/C(=C4\\[N-]5)/C)CCC(=O)N)(C)C)CCC(=O)N)(C)CC(=O)N)/C)CCC(=O)N)(C)CC(=O)N)C)CC(=O)N)C)O.[C-]#N.[Co+3]", ["vitamin B12 is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).", "A cobalt-containing coordination compound produced by intestinal micro-organisms and found also in soil and water. Higher plants do not concentrate vitamin B 12 from the soil and so are a poor source of the substance as compared with animal tissues. INTRINSIC FACTOR is important for the assimilation of vitamin B 12."]], ["(2S,3R,5R,10R,13R,14S,17S)-2,3,14-trihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-17-[(2R)-1,2,5-trihydroxy-1,5-dimethyl-hexyl]-2,3,4,5,9,11,12,15,16,17-decahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-6-one", "C[C@]12CCC3C(=CC(=O)C4[C@@]3(C[C@@H]([C@@H](C4)O)O)C)[C@@]1(CC[C@@H]2C(C)([C@@H](CCC(C)(C)O)O)O)O", ["A steroid hormone that regulates the processes of MOLTING or ecdysis in insects. Ecdysterone is the 20-hydroxylated ECDYSONE."]], ["14-Hydroxyfilipin", "CCCCC[C@H](C1[C@H](C[C@H](C[C@H](C[C@H](C[C@H](C[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H](/C(=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/[C@@H]([C@H](OC1=O)C)O)/C)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O", ["14-Hydroxyfilipin is a natural product found in Streptomyces padanus and Streptomyces rochei with data available."]], ["(1R,2R,4R,6S,7R,8R,10R,13S,14S)-7-[(2S,3R,4S,6R)-4-(dimethylamino)-3-hydroxy-6-methyl-tetrahydropyran-2-yl]oxy-13-ethyl-6-methoxy-2,4,6,8,10,14-hexamethyl-17-[4-[4-(3-pyridyl)imidazol-1-yl]butyl]-12,15-dioxa-17-azabicyclo[12.3.0]heptadecane-3,9,11,16-tetrone", "CC[C@H]1[C@@]2(C([C@H](C(=O)[C@@H](C[C@]([C@@H]([C@H](C(=O)[C@H](C(=O)O1)C)C)O[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@H](C[C@H](O3)C)N(C)C)O)(C)OC)C)C)N(C(=O)O2)CCCCN4C=C(N=C4)C5=CN=CC=C5)C", ["Telithromycin is a ketolide, a novel form of macrolide antibiotic that is recommended for treatment of community acquired pneumonia. Telithromycin was approved for use in the United States in 2004 and subsequently linked to several cases of severe drug induced liver injury."]], ["gold(1+);(2R,4S,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-2-thiolate", "C(C1[C@H]([C@@H](C([C@H](O1)[S-])O)O)O)O.[Au+]", ["A thioglucose derivative used as an antirheumatic and experimentally to produce obesity in animals."]], ["(S)-[(2R,4R,5R)-5-ethenyl-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-2-yl]-(6-methoxyquinolin-4-yl)methanol;sulfuric acid", "COC1=CC2=C(C=CN=C2C=C1)[C@@H]([C@H]3C[C@H]4CCN3C[C@@H]4C=C)O.COC1=CC2=C(C=CN=C2C=C1)[C@@H]([C@H]3C[C@H]4CCN3C[C@@H]4C=C)O.OS(=O)(=O)O", ["Quinidine Sulfate is the sulfate salt form of quinidine, an alkaloid with antimalarial and antiarrhythmic (Class la) properties. Quinidine sulfate exerts its anti-malarial activity by acting primarily as an intra-erythrocytic schizonticide through association with the hemepolymer (hemozoin) in the acidic food vacuole of the parasite thereby preventing further polymerization by heme polymerase enzyme. This results in accumulation of toxic heme and death of the parasite. Quinidine sulfate exerts its antiarrhythmic effects by depressing the flow of sodium ions into cells during phase 0 of the cardiac action potential, thereby slowing the impulse conduction through the atrioventricular (AV) node, reducing the rate of phase 0 depolarization and prolonging the refractory period. Quinidine sulfate also reduces the slope of phase 4 depolarization in Purkinje-fibres resulting in slowed conduction and reduced automaticity in the heart.", "An optical isomer of quinine, extracted from the bark of the CHINCHONA tree and similar plant species. This alkaloid dampens the excitability of cardiac and skeletal muscles by blocking sodium and potassium currents across cellular membranes. It prolongs cellular ACTION POTENTIALS, and decreases automaticity. Quinidine also blocks muscarinic and alpha-adrenergic neurotransmission."]], ["Amphotericitin B", "C[C@H]1/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/[C@@H](C[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H](C[C@](O2)(C[C@H](C[C@H]([C@@H](CC[C@H](C[C@H](CC(=O)O[C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H]1O)C)C)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)C(=O)O)O[C@H]3[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O3)C)O)N)O", ["Amphotericin B is an antifungal prescription medicine approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of several types of fungal infections, such as histoplasmosis and cryptococcosis. Amphotericin B is also FDA-approved for the treatment of two forms of leishmaniasis, which is a parasitic infection. The FDA-approved uses for amphotericin B vary depending on the formulation of the drug."]], ["(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-2-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-[[(1S,2S,7S,10R,14S,15R,16S,17R,20S)-10,14,16,20-tetramethyl-22-azahexacyclo[12.10.0.02,11.05,10.015,23.017,22]tetracos-4-en-7-yl]oxy]-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol", "C[C@H]1CC[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@H]3C(N2C1)C[C@@H]4[C@@]3(CCC5[C@H]4CC=C6[C@@]5(CC[C@@H](C6)O[C@H]7[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@H](O7)CO)O)O[C@H]8[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O8)CO)O)O)O)O[C@H]9[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O9)C)O)O)O)C)C)C", ["A mixture of alpha-chaconine and alpha-solanine, found in SOLANACEAE plants."]], ["4-Methoxybutyrfentanyl", "CCCC(=O)N(C1CCN(CC1)CCC2=CC=CC=C2)C3=CC=C(C=C3)OC", ["Para-methoxy-Butyryl fentanyl is a member of piperidines."]], ["Fub-apinaca", "C1C2CC3CC1CC(C2)(C3)NC(=O)C4=NN(C5=CC=CC=C54)CC6=CC=C(C=C6)F", ["AKB48 N-(4-fluorobenzyl) analog is a member of indazoles and an aromatic amide."]], ["Alflutinib", "CN1C=C(C2=CC=CC=C21)C3=NC(=NC=C3)NC4=C(N=C(C(=C4)NC(=O)C=C)N(C)CCN(C)C)OCC(F)(F)F", ["Alflutinib is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03452592 (Efficacy and Safety of Alflutinib in Locally Advanced or Metastatic Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Patients With T790M).", "Alflutinib is an orally available selective inhibitor of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutant form T790M, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, alflutinib specifically binds to and inhibits the tyrosine kinase activity of EGFR T790M, a secondarily acquired resistance mutation. This prevents EGFR T790M-mediated signaling and leads to cell death in EGFR T790M-expressing tumor cells. EGFR, a receptor tyrosine kinase that is mutated in many tumor cell types, plays a key role in tumor cell proliferation and tumor vascularization. Compared to some other EGFR inhibitors, alflutinib may have therapeutic benefits in tumors with T790M-mediated drug resistance."]], ["Telaglenastat hydrochloride", "C1=CC=NC(=C1)CC(=O)NC2=NN=C(S2)CCCCC3=NN=C(C=C3)NC(=O)CC4=CC(=CC=C4)OC(F)(F)F.Cl", ["Telaglenastat Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of CB-839, an orally bioavailable inhibitor of glutaminase, with potential antineoplastic and immunostimulating activities. Upon oral administration, CB-839 selectively and reversibly binds to and inhibits human glutaminase, an enzyme that is essential for the conversion of the amino acid glutamine into glutamate. Blocking glutamine metabolism inhibits proliferation in rapidly growing tumor cells and leads to an induction of cell death. Unlike normal healthy cells, glutamine-dependent tumors heavily rely on the intracellular conversion of exogenous glutamine into glutamate and glutamate metabolites to both provide energy and generate building blocks for the production of macromolecules, which are needed for cellular growth and survival. In addition, CB-839 causes accumulation of glutamine in tumor cells and increases glutamine concentration in the tumor microenvironment (TME) upon cell death. As glutamine is essential for T-cell generation, CB-839 may also enhance T-cell proliferation and activation in the TME, which may lead to further killing of tumor cells."]], ["Elimusertib", "C[C@@H]1COCCN1C2=NC3=C(C=CN=C3C4=CC=NN4)C(=C2)C5=CC=NN5C", ["Elimusertib is an orally available ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related (ATR)-specific kinase inhibitor, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, elimusertib selectively binds to and inhibits the activity of ATR, which prevents ATR-mediated signaling. This inhibits DNA damage checkpoint activation, disrupts DNA damage repair and induces apoptosis in ATR-overexpressing tumor cells. ATR, a serine/threonine protein kinase upregulated in a variety of cancer cell types, plays a key role in DNA repair, cell cycle progression and cell survival."]], ["Darovasertib", "CC1(CCN(CC1)C2=C(N=CC=C2)NC(=O)C3=NC(=CN=C3N)C4=C(C=CC=N4)C(F)(F)F)N", ["IDE-196 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03947385 (Study of IDE196 in Patients With Solid Tumors Harboring GNAQ/11 Mutations or PRKC Fusions).", "Darovasertib is an orally available protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor with potential immunosuppressive and antineoplastic activities. Upon oral administration, darovasertib inds to and inhibits PKC, which prevents the activation of PKC-mediated signaling pathways. This may lead to the induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in susceptible tumor cells. PKC, a serine/threonine protein kinase overexpressed in certain types of cancer cells, is involved in tumor cell differentiation, proliferation, invasion and survival."]], ["Brepocitinib", "CN1C=C(C=N1)NC2=NC=CC(=N2)N3C[C@H]4CC[C@@H](C3)N4C(=O)[C@@H]5CC5(F)F", ["PF-06700841 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03236493 (Safety and Pharmacokinetic Study of PF-06700841 in Japanese Healthy Volunteers).", "Brepocitinib is an orally available, selective inhibitor of non-receptor tyrosine-protein kinase TYK2 (tyrosine kinase 2) and tyrosine-protein kinase JAK1 (Janus kinase 1; JAK1) with potential immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory activities. Upon oral administration, brepocitinib selectively binds to and inhibits the activation of TYK2 and JAK1, thereby disrupting TYK2 and JAK-1-dependent cytokine signaling. This may reduce inflammatory responses and prevent inflammation-induced damage caused by certain immunological diseases. TYK2 and JAK-1 are members of the Janus kinase family of non-receptor tyrosine kinases and are involved in signaling pathways affecting hematopoiesis, immunity and inflammation."]], ["Rilematovir", "CS(=O)(=O)CCCN1C2=C(C=C(C=C2)Cl)C=C1CN3C4=C(C=CN=C4)N(C3=O)CC(F)(F)F", ["Rilematovir is under investigation in clinical trial NCT04056611 (Effects of JNJ-53718678 in Adult and Adolescent Participants Who Had a Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation and Who Are Infected With Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)).", "Rilematovir is an orally available inhibitor of human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) fusion protein (F protein), with potential antiviral activity. Upon oral administration, rilematovir specifically targets and binds to F protein on the viral surface, which inhibits RSV F protein-mediated fusion with the host cell membrane and prevents viral entry. This blocks RSV replication, reduces viral load, and decreases the severity of the disease. RSV F protein, a viral surface glycoprotein, plays a key role in RSV fusion with and entry into target cells."]], ["Tapotoclax", "C[C@H]1C/C=C/[C@@H]([C@@H]2CC[C@H]2CN3C[C@@]4(CCCC5=C4C=CC(=C5)Cl)COC6=C3C=C(C=C6)C(=O)NS(=O)(=O)[C@@H]1C)OC", ["Tapotoclax is an inhibitor of induced myeloid leukemia cell differentiation protein MCL-1 (myeloid cell leukemia-1), with potential pro-apoptotic and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, tapotoclax binds to and inhibits the activity of MCL-1. This disrupts the formation of MCL-1/Bcl-2-like protein 11 (BCL2L11; BIM) complexes and induces apoptosis in tumor cells. MCL-1, an anti-apoptotic protein belonging to the Bcl-2 family of proteins, is upregulated in cancer cells and promotes tumor cell survival."]], ["Rezivertinib", "CN1C=C(C2=CC=CC=C21)C3=NC(=NC=C3)NC4=CC(=C(C=C4OC)OCCN(C)C)NC(=O)C=C", ["Rezivertinib is an orally available third-generation and selective inhibitor of certain epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activating mutations, including the resistance mutations T790M and L858R, as well as exon 19 deletion, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, rezivertinib specifically and covalently binds to and inhibits selective EGFR mutations, with particularly high selectivity against the T790M mutation, which prevents EGFR mutant-mediated signaling and leads to cell death in EGFR mutant-expressing tumor cells. Compared to some other EGFR inhibitors, BPI-7711 may have therapeutic benefits in tumors with T790M-mediated drug resistance. This agent shows minimal activity against wild-type EGFR (wt EGFR), and does not cause dose-limiting toxicities that occur during the use of non-selective EGFR inhibitors, which also inhibit wt EGFR. EGFR, a receptor tyrosine kinase mutated in many tumor cell types, plays a key role in tumor cell proliferation and tumor vascularization."]], ["Olutasidenib", "C[C@@H](C1=CC2=C(C=CC(=C2)Cl)NC1=O)NC3=CC=C(N(C3=O)C)C#N", ["Olutasidenib (FT-2102) is a selective and potent isocitrate dehydrogenase-1 (IDH1) inhibitor approved by the FDA in December 2022. It is indicated for the treatment of relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in patients with a susceptible IDH1 mutation as determined by an FDA-approved test. IDH1 mutations are common in different types of cancer, such as gliomas, AML, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, chondrosarcoma, and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), and they lead to an increase in 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG), a metabolite that participates in tumerogenesis. Olutasidenib inhibits the mutated IDH1 specifically, and provides a therapeutic benefit in IDH1-mutated cancers.  Other IDH1 inhibitors, such as [ivosidenib], have also been approved for the treatment of relapsed or refractory AML. Olutasidenib is orally bioavailable and capable of penetrating the blood-brain barrier, and is also being evaluated for the treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), as well as solid tumors and gliomas (NCT03684811).", "Olutasidenib is an orally available inhibitor of isocitrate dehydrogenase type 1 (IDH1; IDH-1; IDH1 [NADP+] soluble) with a mutation at arginine (R) 132, IDH1(R132), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, olutasidenib specifically inhibits IDH1(R132), thereby inhibiting the formation of the oncometabolite 2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG) from alpha-ketoglutarate (a-KG). This prevents 2HG-mediated signaling and leads to both an induction of cellular differentiation and an inhibition of cellular proliferation in tumor cells expressing IDH(R132). IDH1(R132) mutations are highly expressed in certain malignancies, including gliomas; they initiate and drive cancer growth by both blocking cell differentiation and catalyzing the formation of 2HG."]], ["Amdizalisib", "C[C@@H](C1=CC2=NC=C(N2N=C1C3=CC=CC=C3)Cl)NC4=NC=NC(=C4C#N)N", ["Amdizalisib is an orally bioavailable selective inhibitor of the delta isoform of phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase (phosphoinositide 3'-kinase delta; PI3Kd; PI3K-d), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, amdizalisib selectively binds to and inhibits PI3Kd, and prevents the activation of the PI3Kd/AKT signaling pathway, and B-cell activation. This both decreases proliferation and induces cell death in PI3Kd-overexpressing tumor cells. PI3Kd plays a key role in the B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling pathway and the proliferation of hematologic cancer cells. The targeted inhibition of PI3Kd is designed to preserve PI3K signaling in normal, non-neoplastic cells and thereby to minimize serious side effects. PI3Kd, an enzyme often overexpressed in cancer cells, plays a crucial role in tumor cell regulation and survival."]], ["Amanin", "CC[C@H](C)[C@H]1C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H]2CS(=O)C3=C(C[C@@H](C(=O)NCC(=O)N1)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H]4C[C@H](CN4C(=O)[C@@H](NC2=O)CC(=O)O)O)[C@@H](C)[C@H](CO)O)C5=CC=CC=C5N3", ["Amanin is a natural product found in Acanthochlamys bracteata with data available."]], ["Mometasone furoate and formoterol fumarate dihydrate", "C[C@@H]1C[C@H]2[C@@H]3CCC4=CC(=O)C=C[C@@]4([C@]3([C@H](C[C@@]2([C@]1(C(=O)CCl)OC(=O)C5=CC=CO5)C)O)Cl)C.C[C@H](CC1=CC=C(C=C1)OC)NC[C@@H](C2=CC(=C(C=C2)O)NC=O)O.C[C@H](CC1=CC=C(C=C1)OC)NC[C@@H](C2=CC(=C(C=C2)O)NC=O)O.C(=C/C(=O)O)\\C(=O)O.O.O", ["A pharmaceutical preparation of mometasone furoate and formoterol fumarate that is used as an inhaled dosage form for the treatment of ASTHMA."]], ["Pentostam", "[H+].C([C@H]([C@@H]1[C@H]2[C@@H](O[Sb](O2)(O1)O[Sb]34O[C@@H]([C@H](O3)[C@@H](CO)O)[C@@H](O4)C(=O)[O-])C(=O)[O-])O)O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[OH-].[OH-].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+]", ["Antimony complex where the metal may exist in either the pentavalent or trivalent states. The pentavalent gluconate is used in leishmaniasis. The trivalent gluconate is most frequently used in schistosomiasis."]], ["1-((2-Bromoquinoxalin-6-YL)methyl)-4-(4-isopropylphenyl)-6-(prop-2-YN-1-yloxy)quinazolin-2(1H)-one", "CC(C)C1=CC=C(C=C1)C2=NC(=O)N(C3=C2C=C(C=C3)OCC#C)CC4=CC5=NC=C(N=C5C=C4)Br", ["Axt914 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT00417261 (Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacodynamic and Pharmacokinetic Effects of Single and Multiple-Doses of ATF936 and AXT914 Administered Orally in Healthy Subjects.)."]], ["(1r)-1-[(4-{[(6,7-Dihydro[1,4]dioxino[2,3-C]pyridazin-3-Yl)methyl]amino}piperidin-1-Yl)methyl]-9-Fluoro-1,2-Dihydro-4h-Pyrrolo[3,2,1-Ij]quinolin-4-One", "C1CN(CCC1NCC2=CC3=C(N=N2)OCCO3)C[C@@H]4CN5C(=O)C=CC6=C5C4=C(C=C6)F", ["GSK-945237 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01039610 (A Single Center Four Part Study in Healthy Adult Subjects to Evaluate: the Safety, Tolerability and Pharmacokinetics of a Single Oral Dose and Repeat Escalating Oral Doses of GSK945237; the Effect of Linezolid on Hematology Safety Parameters; and the Effects of GSK945237 and Moxifloxacin on QTc.)."]], ["(2R,3S,4R,5R,8R,10R,11R,12S,13S,14R)-11-[(2S,3R,4S,6R)-4-(dimethylamino)-3-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-2-ethyl-3,4,10-trihydroxy-13-[(2R,4R,5S,6S)-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-4,6-dimethyloxan-2-yl]oxy-3,5,8,10,12,14-hexamethyl-6-(trideuterio(113C)methyl)-1-oxa-6-azacyclopentadecan-15-one", "[2H][13C]([2H])([2H])N1C[C@@H](C[C@@]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](C(=O)O[C@@H]([C@@]([C@@H]([C@H]1C)O)(C)O)CC)C)O[C@H]2C[C@@]([C@H]([C@@H](O2)C)O)(C)OC)C)O[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@H](C[C@H](O3)C)N(C)C)O)(C)O)C", ["A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic structurally related to ERYTHROMYCIN. It has been used in the treatment of Mycobacterium avium intracellulare infections, toxoplasmosis, and cryptosporidiosis."]], ["Fitusiran", "C[C@@H]1C[C@H](CN1C(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC(=O)NC(COCCC(=O)NCCCNC(=O)CCCCO[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@H](O2)CO)O)O)NC(=O)C)(COCCC(=O)NCCCNC(=O)CCCCO[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@H](O3)CO)O)O)NC(=O)C)COCCC(=O)NCCCNC(=O)CCCCO[C@H]4[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@H](O4)CO)O)O)NC(=O)C)O", ["Fitusiran is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02554773 (An Open-label Extension Study of an Investigational Drug, ALN-AT3SC, in Patients With Moderate or Severe Hemophilia A or B)."]], ["2-(4-((4-((1-cyclopropyl-3-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)oxy)pyridin-2-yl)amino)pyridin-2-yl)propan-2-ol", "CC(C)(C1=NC=CC(=C1)NC2=NC=CC(=C2)OC3=CN(N=C3C4CCOCC4)C5CC5)O", ["LY-3200882 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT04158700 (A Study of LY3200882 and Pembrolizumab in Participants With Advanced Cancer).", "TGFbeta Inhibitor LY3200882 is an orally bioavailable agent that targets transforming growth factor-beta (TGFb), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, LY3200882 specifically targets and binds to TGFb, which prevents both the binding of TGFb to its receptor TGFbR and TGFb-mediated signal transduction. This may lead to a reduction in TGFb-dependent proliferation of cancer cells. The TGFb signaling pathway is often deregulated in tumors, and plays a key role in the regulation of cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, motility, invasion, angiogenesis, and various immune responses."]], ["Olacaftor", "C[C@H]1CC(N(C1)C2=C(C=CC(=N2)C3=CC(=CC(=C3)F)OCC(C)C)C(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C4=CC=CC=C4)(C)C", ["Olacaftor is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02951182 (A Study Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of VX-440 Combination Therapy in Subjects With Cystic Fibrosis)."]], ["Carbonic acid, (1S)-1-(5-(4-(4-(((3-chloro-2-pyridinyl)(3R)-3-piperidinylamino)carbonyl)-2-fluorophenyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)-1H-tetrazol-1-yl)ethyl ethyl ester", "CCOC(=O)O[C@@H](C)N1C(=NN=N1)C2=C(C=NN2C)C3=C(C=C(C=C3)C(=O)N([C@@H]4CCCNC4)C5=C(C=CC=N5)Cl)F", ["PF-06815345 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02654899 (Single Dose Study of PF-06815345 in Healthy Subjects)."]], ["Almonertinib", "CN(C)CCN(C)C1=CC(=C(C=C1NC(=O)C=C)NC2=NC=CC(=N2)C3=CN(C4=CC=CC=C43)C5CC5)OC", ["Almonertinib is a third-generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor targeting EGFR-sensitizing and T790M resistance mutations. It is being investigated against advanced or metastatic EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).", "Aumolertinib is an orally available inhibitor of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutant form T790M, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, aumolertinib binds to and inhibits EGFR T790M, a secondarily acquired resistance mutation, inhibits the tyrosine kinase activity of EGFR T790M, prevents EGFR T790M-mediated signaling and leads to cell death in EGFR T790M-expressing tumor cells. EGFR, a receptor tyrosine kinase that is mutated in many tumor cell types, plays a key role in tumor cell proliferation and tumor vascularization."]], ["Branebrutinib", "CC#CC(=O)N[C@H]1CCCN(C1)C2=C(C=C(C3=C2C(=C(N3)C)C)C(=O)N)F", ["Branebrutinib is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02705989 (Safety, Tolerability and Relative Bioavailability Study of BMS-986195 in Healthy Subjects)."]], ["Galicaftor", "C1CC1(C2=CC3=C(C=C2)OC(O3)(F)F)C(=O)N[C@@H]4C[C@@H](OC5=C4C=CC(=C5)OC(F)F)C6=CC=C(C=C6)C(=O)O", ["Galicaftor is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03540524 (A Study Looking at the Safety, Tolerability and Efficacy of the Combination of the Study Drugs GLPG2451 and GLPG2222 With or Without GLPG2737 in Patients With Cystic Fibrosis.)."]], ["Pecavaptan", "C[C@@H](C1=NC(=NN1C2=CC(=CC=C2)Cl)CN3C(=O)N(C(=N3)C4=CC=C(C=C4)Cl)C[C@@H](C(F)(F)F)O)O", ["Pecavaptan is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03901729 (A Trial to Study BAY1753011 in Patients With Congestive Heart Failure)."]], ["Ezurpimtrostat", "CC(C)(C)NC1CCN(CC1)C2=CC(=NC3=CC=CC=C32)NCC4=CC=C(C=C4)Cl", ["Ezurpimtrostat is an orally bioavailable, quinolone-derived, small molecule inhibitor of palmitoyl-protein thioesterase 1 (PPT1), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, ezurpimtrostat targets and inhibits the activity of PPT1 and induces lysosomal disruption, which results in the inhibition of autophagy and the induction of apoptosis via caspase activation. This may inhibit tumor cell proliferation and tumor growth. PPT1, a lysosomal thioesterase that plays an important role in lysosomal function and autophagy, is overexpressed in certain cancers."]], ["Linrodostat", "C[C@H](C1CCC(CC1)C2=C3C=C(C=CC3=NC=C2)F)C(=O)NC4=CC=C(C=C4)Cl", ["Linrodostat is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03247283 (Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism Study in Healthy Male Participants).", "Linrodostat is an orally available inhibitor of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1), with potential immunomodulating and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, linrodostat specifically targets and binds to IDO1, a cytosolic enzyme responsible for the oxidation of the amino acid tryptophan into the immunosuppressive metabolite kynurenine. By inhibiting IDO1 and decreasing kynurenine in tumor cells, BMS-986205 restores and promotes the proliferation and activation of various immune cells, including dendritic cells (DCs), natural killer (NK) cells, and T-lymphocytes, and causes a reduction in tumor-associated regulatory T-cells (Tregs). Activation of the immune system, which is suppressed in many cancers, may induce a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) response against the IDO1-expressing tumor cells, thereby inhibiting the growth of IDO1-expressing tumor cells. IDO1, overexpressed by multiple tumor cell types, plays an important role in immunosuppression. Tryptophan depletion inhibits T-lymphocyte proliferation and activation, and subsequently suppresses the immune system."]], ["(2R,4R)-1-(3-Chloro-2-fluorobenzyl)-4-((3-fluoro-6-((5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)amino)pyridin-2-yl)methyl)-2-methylpiperidine-4-carboxylic acid", "C[C@@H]1C[C@](CCN1CC2=C(C(=CC=C2)Cl)F)(CC3=C(C=CC(=N3)NC4=NNC(=C4)C)F)C(=O)O", ["Aurora A Kinase Inhibitor LY3295668 is an orally bioavailable inhibitor of the serine/threonine protein kinase aurora A, with potential antimitotic and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, aurora A kinase inhibitor LY3295668 targets, binds to and inhibits the activity of aurora A kinase. This may result in disruption of the assembly of the mitotic spindle apparatus, disruption of chromosome segregation, inhibition of cell division and the induction of apoptosis in cells overexpressing aurora A kinase. Aurora A kinase, overexpressed in a wide variety of cancers, plays an essential role in the regulation of spindle assembly and mitosis."]], ["Opelconazole", "CC1=C(C=CC(=C1)N2CCN(CC2)C3=CC=C(C=C3)C(=O)NC4=CC=C(C=C4)F)OC[C@H]5C[C@](OC5)(CN6C=NC=N6)C7=C(C=C(C=C7)F)F", ["Opelconazole is a synthetic triazole antifungal agent, with activity against a variety of pathogenic fungi that can potentially be used against invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. Upon inhalation by nebulizer, opelconazole is delivered in high concentrations to the lungs and resides in the lung tissues for a long period of time with minimal systemic exposure. Opelconazole selectively binds to and inhibits the CYP450-dependent 14-alpha-sterol demethylase in fungi, thereby preventing the production of ergosterol, which is an essential constituent of the fungal cell membrane. This results in fungal cell lysis and inhibits fungal infection in the lungs."]], ["Boditrectinib", "C1C[C@@H](N(C1)C2=NC3=C(C=NN3C=C2)/C=C/C(=O)N4CCNCC4)C5=C(C=CC(=C5)F)F", ["AUM-601 is a highly selective pan-TRK(tropomyosin receptor kinase). It is currently being investigated in clinical trials for the treatment of cancer."]], ["Eliapixant", "CC1=CN=C(S1)C2=CC(=CC(=C2)O[C@@H]3CCOC3)C(=O)N[C@H](C)C4=CN=C(N=C4)C(F)(F)F", ["Eliapixant is an orally bioavailable antagonist of the purinergic receptor P2X ligand-gated ion channel 3 (P2RX3), which may potentially be used to suppress pain and chronic cough. Upon oral administration, eliapixant selectively binds to and inhibits P2RX3 expressed on sensory nerve fibers. This may inhibit P2RX3-mediated afferent nerve fiber signaling including respiratory tract afferent nerve fiber signaling, and result in the suppression of pain and chronic cough. P2RX3 plays an important role in the cough reflex. It is also a natural mediator of pain and neurogenic inflammation."]], ["Temuterkib", "CC1(C2=C(C=C(S2)C3=NC(=NC=C3)NC4=CC=NN4C)C(=O)N1CCN5CCOCC5)C", ["Temuterkib is an orally available inhibitor of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1 and 2, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, temuterkib inhibits both ERK 1 and 2, thereby preventing the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/ERK-mediated signal transduction pathways. This results in the inhibition of ERK-dependent tumor cell proliferation and survival. The MAPK/ERK pathway is often upregulated in a variety of tumor cell types and plays a key role in tumor cell proliferation, differentiation and survival."]], ["Giredestrant", "C[C@@H]1CC2=C([C@H](N1CC(CO)(F)F)C3=C(C=C(C=C3F)NC4CN(C4)CCCF)F)NC5=CC=CC=C25", ["Giredestrant is an orally available selective estrogen receptor degrader/downregulator (SERD), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, giredestrant specifically targets and binds to the estrogen receptor (ER) and induces a conformational change that promotes ER degradation. This prevents ER-mediated signaling and inhibits both the growth and survival of ER-expressing cancer cells."]], ["EED inhibitor-1", "CC1=C(C=CC=N1)C2=CN=C(N3C2=NN=C3)NCC4=C(C=CC5=C4CCO5)F", ["EED Inhibitor MAK683 is an inhibitor of embryonic ectoderm development protein (EED) and allosteric inhibitor of polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, MAK683 selectively binds to the domain of EED that interacts with trimethylated lysine 27 on histone 3 (H3K27me3), which leads to a conformational change in the EED H3K27me3-binding pocket and prevents the interaction of EED with the histone methyltransferase enhancer zeste homolog 2 (EZH2). Disruption of the EED-EZH2 protein-protein interaction (PPI) results in a loss of H3K27me3-stimulated PRC2 activity and prevents H3K27 trimethylation. This decrease in histone methylation alters gene expression patterns associated with cancer pathways and results in decreased tumor cell proliferation in EZH2-mutated and PRC2-dependent cancer cells. PRC2, a histone H3 lysine 27 methyltransferase and multi-protein complex comprised of EZH2, EED and suppressor of zeste 12 (SUZ12), plays a key role in gene regulation, especially during embryonic development. EZH2, the catalytic subunit of PRC2, is overexpressed or mutated in a variety of cancer cells. EED is essential for the histone methyltransferase activity of PRC2 because EED directly binds to H3K27me3."]], ["Nesolicaftor", "C[C@H](C1=NN=C(O1)C2CC(C2)NC(=O)C3=CC(=NO3)C4=CC=CC=C4)O", ["PTI-428 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03258424 (Study Assessing PTI-428 Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics in Subjects With Cystic Fibrosis on KALYDECO\u00ae as Background Therapy)."]], ["Unii-XM33Q67uvh", "C1CC(CCC1OP(=O)([O-])OC[C@@H](CN(CCN(CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])N(CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])(C2=CC=CC=C2)C3=CC=CC=C3.[OH3+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Gd+3]", ["Gadofosveset Trisodium is the trisodium salt form of gadofosveset, an injectable, intravascular, amphiphilic gadolinium-based contrast agent (GBCA) used with magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) imaging. Gadofosveset is a stable gadolinium diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA) chelate derivative with a diphenylcyclohexylphosphate group. Upon injection, gadofosveset binds reversibly to endogenous serum albumin which increases its intravascular retention time compared to non-protein binding contrast agents. The serum albumin binding also increases T1-relaxivity of gadofosveset. This produces an increase in signal intensity of blood, thereby enhancing the visualization of blood vessels upon MRA and may aid in the diagnosis of certain blood vessels and heart disorders."]], ["Atuveciclib", "COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)F)C2=NC(=NC=N2)NC3=CC=CC(=C3)C[S@](=N)(=O)C", ["Atuveciclib is an inhibitor of positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb), which is composed of cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) and cyclin-T (CycT), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, atuveciclib binds to and inhibits the activity of P-TEFb, thereby preventing the phosphorylation of its downstream target, the carboxyl terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II (RNA Pol II), and inhibiting the activation of transcriptional elongation by RNA Pol II. This prevents the transcription of tumor promoting genes, induces tumor cell apoptosis, and inhibits tumor cell proliferation. P-TEFb plays an important role in the regulation of gene transcription; over-activation in cancer cells leads to both the transcription of key tumor-promoting genes and cancer cell proliferation."]], ["Pegvorhyaluronidase alfa", "COCCOCCCC(=O)NCCCC[C@@H](C(=O)O)N", ["Pegvorhyaluronidase alfa is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02241187 (Two Stage Study Of Single Dose PEGPH20 And Cetuximab In Patients With Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Prior To Surgical Resection).", "Pegvorhyaluronidase Alfa is a pegylated formulation of a recombinant form of human hyaluronidase with potential antitumor activity. Upon intravenous administration, pegvorhyaluronidase alfa degrades hyaluronic acid (HA) coating tumor cells, which may result in the inhibition of tumor cell growth. In addition, the degradation of HA may result in a lowering of the interstitial fluid pressure (IFP), allowing better penetration of chemotherapeutic agents into the tumor bed. HA is a glycosaminoglycan found in the extracellular matrix (ECM) that is frequently overproduced by various tumor cell types. The presence of HA in tumors correlates with increased tumor cell growth, metastatic potential, tumor progression, increased resistance to chemotherapeutic agents, and an elevation in tumor IFP."]], ["Pegunigalsidase alfa", "C(CCNC(=O)CCC(=O)NCCOCCNC(=O)CCC(=O)NCCCC[C@@H](C(=O)O)N)C[C@@H](C(=O)O)N", ["Pegunigalsidase alfa is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02921620 (Study to Evaluate the Safety and EffIcacy of PRX-102 on Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Na\u00efve Fabry Disease)."]], ["Elapegademase", "COCCOC(=O)NCCCC[C@@H](C(=O)O)N", ["Elapegademase is a PEGylated recombinant adenosine deaminase. It can be defined molecularly as a genetically modified bovine adenosine deaminase with a modification in cysteine 74 for serine and with about 13 methoxy polyethylene glycol chains bound via carbonyl group in alanine and lysine residues. Elapegademase is generated in E. coli, developed by Leadiant Biosciences and FDA approved on October 5, 2018.", "Elapegademase is a recombinant form of the enzyme adenosine deaminase (rADA), based on the bovine amino acid sequence and covalently conjugated, with a succinimidyl carbamate linker, to monomethoxypolyethylene glycol (mPEG) (SC-PEG rADA), that can be used as an enzyme replacement agent for the treatment of adenosine deaminase severe combined immune deficiency (ADA-SCID). Upon intramuscular administration, elapegademase, as an exogenous source of ADA, replaces the deficient ADA enzyme and acts in the same manner as the endogenous enzyme. ADA is involved in purine metabolism and mainly catalyzes the irreversible hydrolytic deamination of adenosine or deoxyadenosine to inosine or deoxyinosine, respectively, as well as several naturally occurring methylated adenosine compounds. Elapegademase decreases toxic levels of adenosine and deoxyadenosine nucleotides, increases lymphocyte levels and helps maintain the proper functioning of immune cells. Elevated adenosine levels, as seen in ADA deficiency, induce apoptosis and inhibit the differentiation of thymocytes, resulting in T-lymphopenia. Low levels of deoxyadenosine and adenosine play key roles in the regulation of lymphocyte levels and the proper functioning of immune cells."]], ["Carafate", "C([C@@H]1[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](O1)O[C@]2([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O2)COS(=O)(=O)O[Al])OS(=O)(=O)O[Al])OS(=O)(=O)O[Al])COS(=O)(=O)O[Al])OS(=O)(=O)O[Al])OS(=O)(=O)O[Al])OS(=O)(=O)O[Al])OS(=O)(=O)O[Al].O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Al]", ["Sucralfate is a medication that is widely used to prevent and treat a number of diseases in the gastrointestinal tract such as duodenal ulcers, gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD), gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, stress ulcer, in addition to dyspepsia.  It is considered a cytoprotective agent, protecting cells in the gastrointestinal tract from damage caused by agents such as gastric acid, bile salts, alcohol, and acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin), among other substances.  Sucralfate has been shown to be a well-tolerated and safe drug. It is sold under many brands and is available in both tablet and suspension forms.  It was approved by the FDA  1982 in tablet form, and in 1994 for the suspension form.", "Sucralfate is an Aluminum Complex.", "Sucralfate is a nonabsorbable, aluminum salt of sucrose orasulfate with anti-ulcer, mucosa-protective and potentially anti-mucositis activity. Negatively charged sucralfate binds, through ionic bond formation, to positively charged proteins on mucosal surfaces, thereby creating a protective coating and physical barrier. This agent may also enhance the production of prostaglandin E2 locally, thereby promoting mucus production, increasing mucosal blood flow and stimulating epithelial proliferation and may contribute to the healing of damaged mucosa.", "A basic aluminum complex of sulfated sucrose."]], ["Pegapamodutide", "COCCOCCCNC(=O)CCN1C(=O)CC(C1=O)SC[C@@H](C(=O)O)N", ["Pegapamodutide is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02188303 (A Study of LY2944876 in Healthy Japanese and Non-Japanese Participants)."]], ["N-(3-((2-((3-Fluoro-4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)phenyl)amino)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)oxy)phenyl)acrylamide maleate", "CN1CCN(CC1)C2=C(C=C(C=C2)NC3=NC4=C(C=CN4)C(=N3)OC5=CC=CC(=C5)NC(=O)C=C)F.C(=C\\C(=O)O)\\C(=O)O", ["Abivertinib Maleate is the maleate salt form of abivertinib, an orally available, irreversible, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutant-selective inhibitor, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, abivertinib covalently binds to and inhibits the activity of mutant forms of EGFR, including the drug-resistant T790M EGFR mutant, which prevents signaling mediated by mutant forms of EGFR. This may both induce cell death and inhibit tumor growth in EGFR-mutated tumor cells. EGFR, a receptor tyrosine kinase that is mutated in a variety of cancers, plays a key role in tumor cell proliferation and tumor vascularization. As this agent is selective towards mutant forms of EGFR, its toxicity profile may be reduced when compared to non-selective EGFR inhibitors, which also inhibit wild-type EGFR.", "Avitinib Maleate is the maleate salt form of avitinib, an orally available, irreversible, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutant-selective inhibitor, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, avitinib covalently binds to and inhibits the activity of mutant forms of EGFR, including the drug-resistant T790M EGFR mutant, which prevents signaling mediated by mutant forms of EGFR. This may both induce cell death and inhibit tumor growth in EGFR-mutated tumor cells. EGFR, a receptor tyrosine kinase that is mutated in a variety of cancers, plays a key role in tumor cell proliferation and tumor vascularization. As this agent is selective towards mutant forms of EGFR, its toxicity profile may be reduced when compared to non-selective EGFR inhibitors, which also inhibit wild-type EGFR."]], ["Terramycin", "C[C@@]1([C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H]3[C@@H](C(=O)C(=C([C@]3(C(=O)C2=C(C4=C1C=CC=C4O)O)O)[O-])C(=O)N)[NH+](C)C)O)O", ["Oxytetracycline zwitterion is a zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the 2-hydroxy group to the adjacent tertiary amino group of oxytetracycline; major species at pH 7.3. It is a zwitterion and an a tetracycline zwitterion. It is a tautomer of an oxytetracycline.", "Terramycin is a natural product found in Streptomyces lividans, Streptomyces rimosus, and other organisms with data available.", "A TETRACYCLINE analog isolated from the actinomycete STREPTOMYCES rimosus and used in a wide variety of clinical conditions."]], ["MK-6325", "CC1(CC1)S(=O)(=O)NC(=O)[C@@]23C[C@H]2/C=C/CCCCC[C@H]4C(=O)N5C[C@@H](C[C@H]5C(=O)N3)OC6=NC7=C(C=CC(=C7)OC)N=C6CCCCC[C@@H]8CCC[C@H]8OC(=O)N4", ["MK-6325 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01329913 (Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics of MK-6325 in Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Infections (MK-6325-003))."]], ["(6R,7S,10R,11R,12E,17Z,19E,21S)-6-[2-(diethylamino)ethylsulfonyl]-21-hydroxy-11,19-dimethyl-10-propan-2-yl-9,26-dioxa-3,15,28-triazatricyclo[23.2.1.03,7]octacosa-1(27),12,17,19,25(28)-pentaene-2,8,14,23-tetrone", "CCN(CC)CCS(=O)(=O)[C@@H]1CCN2[C@H]1C(=O)O[C@@H]([C@@H](/C=C/C(=O)NC/C=C\\C(=C\\[C@H](CC(=O)CC3=NC(=CO3)C2=O)O)\\C)C)C(C)C", ["Dalfopristin is a semi-synthetic derivative of streptogramin A produced by streptomycetes. Dalfopristin inhibits the early phase of protein synthesis in the bacterial ribosome by binding to the 70S subunit, and also alters the configuration of the ribosome to make it more susceptible for streptogramin B binding. Dalfopristin is used in combination with quinopristin, a streptogramin B derivative. This combination is active against most gram-positive organisms, including Enterococcus faecium, and is also active against some gram-negative organisms and mycoplasma."]], ["(3R,5S,6S,7R,8S,9R,12R,13R,14S,15R)-6-[(2S,3R,4S,6R)-4-(dimethylamino)-3-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-14-hydroxy-8-[(2S,4S,5S,6S)-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-5,7,9,12,13,15-hexamethyl-1,11-dioxaspiro[2.13]hexadecane-10,16-dione", "C[C@@H]1C[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O1)O[C@H]2[C@H](C[C@@]3(CO3)C(=O)[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@H](OC(=O)[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]2C)O[C@@H]4C[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O4)C)O)OC)C)C)C)O)C)C)O)N(C)C", ["Oleandomycin is a macrolide antibiotic similar to erythromycin with antimicrobial activity. Oleandomycin targets and reversibly binds to the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. This prevents translocation of peptidyl tRNA leading to an inhibition of protein synthesis.", "Antibiotic macrolide produced by Streptomyces antibioticus."]], ["Candicidin (200 Mg)", "CCCCC[C@@](C)(C=C[C@H]1[C@@H](C[C@@H]([C@@H]1C/C=C/CCCC(=O)O)O)O)O", ["Mixture of antifungal heptaene macrolides from Streptomyces griseus or Actinomyces levoris used topically in candidiasis. The antibiotic complex is composed of candicidins A, B, C, and D, of which D is the major component."]], ["Trimagnesium;oxygen(2-);silicon(4+);dihydroxide", "[OH-].[OH-].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Si+4].[Si+4].[Si+4].[Si+4]", ["Talc is a mineral composed primarily of magnesium, silicon and oxygen. It is a substance often found in cosmetic and personal hygiene products including baby powder, adult body powders and facial powders. Talc helps absorb moisture, freshen materials, and reduce friction to prevent rashes.  Although talc has been widely used for decades, lawsuits that have come to the surface claim serious health complications linked to its use. In fact, recent studies have reported that talc increases the risk of ovarian and endometrial cancers by approximately 30 percent."]], ["[(2S,3S,4R,6S)-6-[(2R,3S,5R,6S)-6-[[(4R,5S,6S,9R,10R,11E,13E,16R)-4-acetyloxy-10-hydroxy-5-methoxy-9,16-dimethyl-2-oxo-7-(2-oxoethyl)-1-oxacyclohexadeca-11,13-dien-6-yl]oxy]-4-(dimethylamino)-5-hydroxy-2-methyloxan-3-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-2,4-dimethyloxan-3-yl] 3-methylbutanoate", "C[C@@H]1C/C=C/C=C/[C@@H]([C@@H](CC([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](CC(=O)O1)OC(=O)C)OC)O[C@H]2[C@@H](C([C@@H]([C@H](O2)C)O[C@H]3C[C@@]([C@H]([C@@H](O3)C)OC(=O)CC(C)C)(C)O)N(C)C)O)CC=O)C)O", ["A macrolide antibiotic from Streptomyces narbonensis. The drug has antimicrobial activity against a wide spectrum of pathogens."]], ["(2S,3S)-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid;(3S)-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid;3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine", "CN1CCCC1C2=CN=CC=C2.[C@H]([C@@H](C(=O)O)O)(C(=O)O)O.[C@H](C(C(=O)O)O)(C(=O)O)O", ["Nicotine tartrate appears as a reddish white crystalline solid. Combustible. Toxic by inhalation (dust, etc.) and may be toxic by skin absorption. Produces toxic oxides of nitrogen during combustion."]], ["CID 122189768", "CC[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CNC2=CC=CC=C21)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(=N)N)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(=N)N)C(=O)NCC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC3=CC=CC=C3)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCNC(=O)COCCOCCNC(=O)COCCOCCNC(=O)CC[C@H](C(=O)O)NC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)N)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC4=CC=C(C=C4)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H]([C@@H](C)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC5=CC=CC=C5)NC(=O)[C@H]([C@@H](C)O)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)O)NC(=O)C(C)(C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC6=CNC=N6)N", ["Semaglutide is a glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) analog used to manage type 2 diabetes along with lifestyle changes, such as dietary restrictions and increased physical activity. Other members of this drug class include [Exenatide] and [Liraglutide]. Semaglutide was developed by Novo Nordisk and approved by the FDA for subcutaneous injection in December 2017. The tablet formulation was approved for oral administration in September 2019. Semaglutide works by binding to and activating the GLP-1 receptor, thereby stimulating insulin secretion and reducing blood glucose.  The subcutaneous injection is administered once weekly and the tablet is administered once a day. Semaglutide offers a competitive advantage over other drugs used to manage diabetes, which may require several daily doses. Clinical trials have determined that this drug reduces glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels and reduces body weight, proving to be effective for patients with type 2 diabetes. In June 2021, semaglutide was approved by the FDA for chronic weight management in adults with general obesity or overweight who have at least one weight-related condition, marking semaglutide as the first approved drug for such use since 2014. The use of semaglutide in weight management is also approved by Health Canada and the EMA.", "See also: Semaglutide (preferred)."]], ["Mangafodipir (trisodium)", "CC1=NC=C(C(=C1[O-])CN(CCN(CC2=C(C(=NC=C2COP(=O)(O)[O-])C)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])COP(=O)(O)O.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Mn+2]", ["Mangafodipir Trisodium is the trisodium salt of mangafodipir with potential antioxidant and chemoprotective activities. Consisting of manganese (II) ions chelated to fodipir (dipyridoxyl diphosphate or DPDP), mangafodipir scavenges oxygen free radicals such as superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radical, potentially preventing oxygen free radical damage to macromolecules such as DNA and minimizing oxygen free radical-related chemotoxicity in normal tissues. However, this agent may potentiate the chemotherapy-induced generation of oxygen free radicals in tumor cells, resulting in the potentiation of chemotherapy-induced cytotoxicity; tumor cells, with higher levels of reactive oxygen species than normal cells, possess a lower threshold for oxygen free radical-mediated cytotoxicity. Mangafodipir is traditionally used as an imaging agent in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)."]], ["Capmatinib hydrochloride", "CNC(=O)C1=C(C=C(C=C1)C2=NN3C(=CN=C3N=C2)CC4=CC5=C(C=C4)N=CC=C5)F.O.Cl.Cl", ["Capmatinib Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of capmatinib, an orally bioavailable inhibitor of the proto-oncogene c-Met (also known as hepatocyte growth factor receptor (HGFR)) with potential antineoplastic activity. Capmatinib selectively binds to c-Met, thereby inhibiting c-Met phosphorylation and disrupting c-Met signal transduction pathways. This may induce cell death in tumor cells overexpressing c-Met protein or expressing constitutively activated c-Met protein. c-Met, a receptor tyrosine kinase overexpressed or mutated in many tumor cell types, plays key roles in tumor cell proliferation, survival, invasion, metastasis, and tumor angiogenesis."]], ["(1S,9S,13R)-11-hydroxy-8-(2-hydroxyacetyl)-9,13-dimethyl-6-propyl-5,7-dioxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosa-14,17-dien-16-one", "CCCC1OC2CC3[C@@H]4CCC5=CC(=O)C=C[C@@]5(C4C(C[C@@]3(C2(O1)C(=O)CO)C)O)C", ["A glucocorticoid used in the management of ASTHMA, the treatment of various skin disorders, and allergic RHINITIS."]], ["N-[(6S,12R,15S,16R,19S,22S)-3-benzyl-12-ethyl-4,16-dimethyl-2,5,11,14,18,21,24-heptaoxo-19-phenyl-17-oxa-1,4,10,13,20-pentazatricyclo[20.4.0.06,10]hexacosan-15-yl]-3-hydroxypyridine-2-carboxamide;(10R,11R,12Z,17Z,19Z,21S)-21-hydroxy-11,19-dimethyl-10-propan-2-yl-9,26-dioxa-3,15,28-triazatricyclo[23.2.1.03,7]octacosa-1(27),6,12,17,19,25(28)-hexaene-2,8,14,23-tetrone", "CC[C@@H]1C(=O)N2CCC[C@H]2C(=O)N(C(C(=O)N3CCC(=O)C[C@H]3C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)O[C@@H]([C@@H](C(=O)N1)NC(=O)C4=C(C=CC=N4)O)C)C5=CC=CC=C5)CC6=CC=CC=C6)C.C[C@@H]1/C=C\\C(=O)NC/C=C\\C(=C/[C@H](CC(=O)CC2=NC(=CO2)C(=O)N3CCC=C3C(=O)O[C@@H]1C(C)C)O)\\C", ["A cyclic polypeptide antibiotic complex from Streptomyces virginiae, S. loidensis, S. mitakaensis, S. pristina-spiralis, S. ostreogriseus, and others. It consists of 2 major components, VIRGINIAMYCIN FACTOR M1 and virginiamycin Factor S1. It is used to treat infections with gram-positive organisms and as a growth promoter in cattle, swine, and poultry."]], ["Reu6L9A46J", "CCOCC1=CC(=C(C=C1)C)NC2=NC=C(O2)C3=CC=C(C=C3)N4CCNC4=O", ["Tubulin Polymerization Inhibitor AB8939 is a small molecule tubulin polymerization inhibitor with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, tubulin polymerization inhibitor AB8939 binds to tubulin and prevents its polymerization in tumor blood vessel endothelial cells and tumor cells. This blocks the formation of the mitotic spindle and leads to cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase. As a result, this agent disrupts the tumor vasculature and tumor blood flow, deprives tumor cells of nutrients and induces tumor cell apoptosis. In addition, this agent has a direct cytotoxic effect on tumor cells by inhibiting tubulin polymerization. Additionally, unlike similar agents of this class, AB8939 may be able to circumvent some drug resistance mechanisms."]], ["Bomedemstat", "CN1CCN(CC1)C(=O)[C@H](CCCN[C@@H]2C[C@H]2C3=CC=C(C=C3)F)NC(=O)C4=CC=C(C=C4)N5C=CN=N5", ["IMG-7289 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03136185 (IMG-7289 in Patients With Myelofibrosis).", "Bomedemstat is an orally available, irreversible inhibitor of lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, bomedemstat binds to and inhibits LSD1, a demethylase that suppresses the expression of target genes by converting the di- and mono-methylated forms of lysine at position 4 of histone H3 (H3K4) to mono- and unmethylated H3K4. LSD1 inhibition enhances H3K4 methylation and increases the expression of tumor suppressor genes. In addition, LSD1 demethylates mono- or di-methylated H3K9 which increases gene expression of tumor promoting genes; thus, inhibition of LSD1 also promotes H3K9 methylation and decreases transcription of these genes. Altogether, this may lead to an inhibition of cell growth in LSD1-overexpressing tumor cells. LSD1, an enzyme belonging to the flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)-dependent amine oxidase family is overexpressed in certain tumor cells and plays a key role in the regulation of gene expression, tumor cell growth and survival."]], ["N-(5-(6-Chloro-2,2-difluorobenzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)pyrazin-2-yl)-2-fluoro-6-methylbenzamide", "CC1=C(C(=CC=C1)F)C(=O)NC2=NC=C(N=C2)C3=CC4=C(C=C3Cl)OC(O4)(F)F", ["Zegocractin is a calcium (Ca2+) release-activated channel (CRAC) inhibitor, with potential anti-inflammatory and protective activities. Upon administration, zegocractin targets, binds to and inhibits the calcium release-activated calcium channel protein 1 (Orai1), which forms the pore of CRAC, and is expressed on both parenchymal cells and immune cells. This prevents the transport of extracellular Ca2+ into the cell and inhibits the subsequent activation of Ca2+-mediated signaling and transcription of target genes. This may prevent Ca2+ entry-mediated cell death. It may also inhibit the proliferation of immune cells and prevents the release of various inflammatory cytokines in immune cells, such as interleukin-2 (IL-2) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a). This may lead to a reduction of inflammatory responses in inflammatory-mediated diseases. CRACs, specialized plasma membrane Ca2+ ion channels composed of the plasma membrane based Orai channels and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stromal interaction molecules (STIMs), mediate store operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) and play a key role in calcium homeostasis. CRACs are overactivated in a variety of cell types, especially certain immune cells during inflammation, including T-lymphocytes, neutrophils and macrophages."]], ["Ebopiprant", "CC(C)[C@@H](C(=O)OCC[C@@H](C1=CC=C(C=C1)F)NC(=O)[C@H]2N(CCS2)S(=O)(=O)C3=CC=C(C=C3)C4=CC=CC=C4)N", ["Ebopiprant is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03369262 (Poc Study of OBE022 in Threatened Preterm Labour)."]], ["Bemnifosbuvir", "C[C@@H](C(=O)OC(C)C)N[P@](=O)(OC[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@@]([C@@H](O1)N2C=NC3=C(N=C(N=C32)N)NC)(C)F)O)OC4=CC=CC=C4", ["Bemnifosbuvir is an orally bioavailable direct-acting antiviral and purine nucleotide prodrug, with potential antiviral activity against a variety of RNA viruses. Upon oral administration, bemnifosbuvir, being a prodrug, is metabolized into its active form. The active form inhibits the activity of viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. This results in the termination of viral RNA transcription, decreases viral RNA production and inhibits viral RNA replication."]], ["Lenumlostat", "C1[C@H]([C@@H](CN1C(=O)C2=CC(=CC=C2)OC3=CC(=CC(=N3)C(F)(F)F)CN)F)O", ["PAT-1251 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT04054245 (PAT-1251 in Treating Patients With Primary Myelofibrosis, Post-polycythemia Vera Myelofibrosis, or Post-essential Thrombocytosis Myelofibrosis).", "LOXL2 Inhibitor GB2064 is an orally available, small-molecule, irreversible inhibitor of lysyl oxidase homolog 2 (lysyl oxidase-like protein 2; LOXL2) with potential antifibrotic activity. Upon oral administration, the aminomethyl pyridine moiety of LOXL2 inhibitor GB2064 interacts with the active site of LOXL2 to form a pseudo-irreversible inhibitory complex, thereby inhibiting the catalytic activity of LOXL2. LOXL2, a secreted glycoprotein, catalyzes the post-translational oxidative deamination of lysine residues on target proteins, including collagen and elastin, leading to the formation of deaminated lysine (allysine). Condensation with other allysines or lysines drives the formation of inter- and intramolecular cross-linkages that impact remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM), potentially leading to fibrosis. Inhibition of LOXL2, which is often upregulated in fibrotic tissue, may reduce fibrosis in certain chronic fibrotic diseases."]], ["RM4Gjt3smq", "CCCC[C@@](C)(CO)NC1=NC(=NC2=C1N=CC(=C2)F)N", ["Selgantolimod is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03491553 (Safety, Tolerability and Antiviral Activity of Selgantolimod in Virally-suppressed Adults With Chronic Hepatitis B)."]], ["Lartesertib", "CC1=NN(C=C1C2=C(C=C3C(=C2)C4=C(C=N3)N(C(=O)N4C5=C(C=NC=C5OC)F)C)OC)C", ["ATM Kinase Inhibitor M4076 is an orally bioavailable ATP-competitive inhibitor of ataxia telangiectasia mutated kinase (ATM), with potential chemo-/radio-sensitizing and antineoplastic activities. Upon oral administration, M4076 targets and binds to ATM, thereby inhibiting the kinase activity of ATM and ATM-mediated signaling. This prevents DNA damage checkpoint activation, disrupts DNA damage repair, induces tumor cell apoptosis, and leads to cell death of ATM-overexpressing tumor cells. In addition, by preventing DNA damage repair, M4076 sensitizes tumor cells to chemo- and radiotherapy and increases their anti-tumor activity. ATM, a serine/threonine protein kinase upregulated in a variety of cancer cell types, is activated in response to DNA damage and plays a key role in DNA-strand repair."]], ["Glasdegib maleate", "CN1CC[C@H](C[C@@H]1C2=NC3=CC=CC=C3N2)NC(=O)NC4=CC=C(C=C4)C#N.C(=C\\C(=O)O)\\C(=O)O", ["Glasdegib Maleate is the maleate salt form of glasdegib, an orally bioavailable small-molecule, smoothened (SMO) receptor inhibitor, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, glasdegib targets, binds to and inhibits the activity of SMO. This inhibits the activity of the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway and inhibits the growth of tumor cells in which this pathway is aberrantly activated. SMO, a transmembrane protein, is involved in Hh signal transduction. The Hh signaling pathway plays an important role in cellular growth, differentiation, repair, and cancer stem cell (CSC) survival. Constitutive activation of Hh pathway signaling has been observed in various types of malignancies and is associated with uncontrolled cellular proliferation in a variety of cancers."]], ["Abeprazan", "CNCC1=CN(C(=C1OC)C2=C(C=C(C=C2)F)F)S(=O)(=O)C3=CC=CC(=C3)F", ["Abeprazan is under investigation in clinical trial NCT04341454 (Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of DWP14012 in Patients With Acute or Chronic Gastritis)."]], ["3-[[(1R,5R,6R,10R,11R,15R,16R,20R,21R,25R,26R,30R,31R,35R,36R,40R,41S,42S,43S,44S,45S,46S,47S,48S,49S,50S,51S,52S,53S,54S,55S,56S)-10,15,20,25,30,35,40-heptakis(2-carboxyethylsulfanylmethyl)-41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56-hexadecahydroxy-2,4,7,9,12,14,17,19,22,24,27,29,32,34,37,39-hexadecaoxanonacyclo[36.2.2.23,6.28,11.213,16.218,21.223,26.228,31.233,36]hexapentacontan-5-yl]methylsulfanyl]propanoic acid", "C(CSC[C@H]1[C@H]2[C@H]([C@@H](C(O1)O[C@H]3[C@@H](OC([C@H]([C@@H]3O)O)O[C@H]4[C@@H](OC([C@H]([C@@H]4O)O)O[C@H]5[C@@H](OC([C@H]([C@@H]5O)O)O[C@H]6[C@@H](OC([C@H]([C@@H]6O)O)O[C@H]7[C@@H](OC([C@H]([C@@H]7O)O)O[C@H]8[C@@H](OC([C@H]([C@@H]8O)O)O[C@H]9[C@@H](OC(O2)[C@H]([C@@H]9O)O)CSCCC(=O)O)CSCCC(=O)O)CSCCC(=O)O)CSCCC(=O)O)CSCCC(=O)O)CSCCC(=O)O)CSCCC(=O)O)O)O)C(=O)O", ["Sugammadex is a biologically inert, selective relaxant binding agent (SRBA) composed of a modified, anionic gamma cyclodextrin derivative containing a hydrophilic exterior and a hydrophobic core, with neuromuscular blocking drug (NMBD) reversal activity. Upon administration, the negatively charged carboxyl-thio-ether groups of sugammadex selectively and reversibly bind to the positively charged quaternary nitrogen of a steroidal NMBD, such as rocuronium and vecuronium, which was administered at an earlier time for anesthetic purposes. The encapsulation of the NMBD by sugammadex blocks its ability to bind to nicotinic receptors in the neuromuscular junction and thereby reverses the NMBD-induced neuromuscular blockade.", "A gamma-cyclodextrin that functions as a reversal agent for the neuromuscular blocker ROCURONIUM BROMIDE."]], ["Rondomycin", "C[NH+](C)[C@H]1[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@@H]3C(=C)C4=C(C(=CC=C4)O)C(=C3C(=O)[C@@]2(C(=C(C1=O)C(=O)N)[O-])O)O)O", ["A broad-spectrum semisynthetic antibiotic related to TETRACYCLINE but excreted more slowly and maintaining effective blood levels for a more extended period."]], ["PSMA-617 Lu-177", "C1CC(CCC1CNC(=O)CN2CCN(CCN(CCN(CC2)CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])C(=O)N[C@@H](CC3=CC4=CC=CC=C4C=C3)C(=O)NCCCC[C@@H](C(=O)O)NC(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)O.[177Lu+3]", ["Lutetium lu-177 vipivotide tetraxetan is a Radioligand Therapeutic Agent. The mechanism of action of lutetium lu-177 vipivotide tetraxetan is as a Radioligand Activity.", "Lutetium Lu 177  Vipivotide Tetraxetan is a radioconjugate composed of PSMA-617, a human prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeting ligand, conjugated to the beta-emitting radioisotope lutetium Lu 177 (177Lu), with potential antineoplastic activity against PSMA-expressing tumor cells. Upon intravenous administration of lutetium Lu 177  vipivotide tetraxetan, vipivotide tetraxetan targets and binds to PSMA-expressing tumor cells. Upon binding, PSMA-expressing tumor cells are destroyed by 177Lu through the specific delivery of beta particle radiation. PSMA, a tumor-associated antigen and type II transmembrane protein, is expressed on the membrane of prostatic epithelial cells and overexpressed on prostate tumor cells."]], ["Cyanocobalamin Co-57", "CC1=CC2=C(C=C1C)N(C=N2)[C@@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O3)CO)OP(=O)([O-])O[C@H](C)CNC(=O)CC[C@@]\\4([C@H](C5[C@]6([C@@]([C@@H](C(=N6)/C(=C\\7/[C@@]([C@@H](C(=N7)/C=C\\8/C([C@@H](C(=N8)/C(=C4\\[N-]5)/C)CCC(=O)N)(C)C)CCC(=O)N)(C)CC(=O)N)/C)CCC(=O)N)(C)CC(=O)N)C)CC(=O)N)C)O.[C-]#N.[57Co+3]", ["Cyanocobalamin co-57 is a Radioactive Diagnostic Agent. The mechanism of action of cyanocobalamin co-57 is as a Radiopharmaceutical Activity."]], ["Vadastuximab talirine", "C[C@@H](C(=O)NC1=CC=C(C=C1)C2=CN3[C@@H](C2)C=NC4=CC(=C(C=C4C3=O)OC)OCCCOC5=C(C=C6C(=C5)N=C[C@@H]7CC(=CN7C6=O)C8=CC=C(C=C8)OC)OC)NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)CCCCCN9C(=O)C[C@H](C9=O)SC[C@@H](C(=O)O)N", ["Vadastuximab Talirine has been used in trials studying the treatment of Acute myeloid leukemia, Myelodysplastic Syndrome, Acute Myelogenous Leukemia, and Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia.", "Vadastuximab Talirine is an immunoconjugate consisting of a humanized monoclonal antibody that is engineered to contain cysteine residues that are conjugated to the synthetic, DNA cross-linking, pyrrolobenzodiazepine dimer SGD-1882, via the protease-cleavable linker maleimidocaproyl-valine-alanine dipeptide, with potential antineoplastic activity. The monoclonal antibody portion of vadastuximab talirine specifically binds to the cell surface antigen CD33. This causes the internalization of SGN-CD33A, and the release of the cytotoxic moiety SGD-1882. SGD-1882 binds to and crosslinks DNA, which results in both cell cycle arrest and the induction of apoptosis in CD33-expressing tumor cells. CD33, a transmembrane receptor, is expressed on myeloid leukemia cells."]], ["Mifamurtide", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCCNC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)CC[C@H](C(=O)N)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@@H](C)O[C@H]([C@H](C=O)NC(=O)C)[C@@H]([C@@H](CO)O)O)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC.O.[Na+]", ["Mifamurtide is an immunomodulator with antitumor activity via activation of macrophages and monocytes. Also called L-MTP-PE, mifamurtide may be a liposomal form of of the active ingredient MTP-PE, which is a synthetic, less pyrogenic, and longer-acting derivative of muramyl dipeptide (MDP). MDP is a motif present in all gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial walls that is recognized by different signalling molecules and activators such as nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors (NLRs) and toll-like receptors present in macrophages and monocytes. The overall result of MDP recognition leads to the production of proinflammatory cytokines and promotion of bactericidal and tumoricidal effects. As a liposomal formulation, mifamurtide demonstrates an enhanced tumoricidal effect and improved safety profile.  Mifamurtide is marketed in Europe as Mepact for intravenous infusion. It is administered as an adjuvant therapy to postoperative combination chemotherapy in pediatric, adolescent or adult patients with high-grade, resectable, non-metastatic osteosarcoma after macroscopically complete surgical resection. In the US, it is currently under investigation that holds orphan drug status for the treatment of osteosarcoma.  Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant bone tumor that usually arises in the metaphyses of long bone in children and adolescents. The standard therapy for osteosarcoma is comprised of macroscopic surgical resection and multi-agent chemotherapy consisting of doxorubicin, cisplatin, high-dose methotrexate with leucovorin rescue, and ifosfamide. While about 90% of patients with newly diagnosed osteosarcoma may achieve complete remission from first-line therapies, the prognosis is still poor for patients with non-metastatic osteosarcoma with lower 5-year event-free survival. In a large, randomized, open-label, multicenter, phase III trial, the treatment of mifamurtide in conjunction with three- or four-drug combination chemotherapy (doxorubicin, cisplatin, and high-dose methotrexate with, or without, ifosfamide) was associated with significant improvement in survival rates and good tolerance. The adverse events (AEs) associated with mifamurtide were generally mild to moderate in severity."]], ["2-[Bis[2-[carboxymethyl-[2-(methylamino)-2-oxoethyl]amino]ethyl]amino]acetic acid;gadolinium", "CNC(=O)CN(CCN(CCN(CC(=O)NC)CC(=O)O)CC(=O)O)CC(=O)O.[Gd]", ["Gadodiamide is a paramagnetic gadolinium-based contrast agent (GBCA), with imaging activity upon magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). When placed in a magnetic field, gadodiamide generates a large local magnetic field, which can enhance the relaxation rate of nearby protons. This change in proton relaxation dynamics, iincreases the MRI signal intensity of tissues in which gadodiamide has accumulated; therefore, visualization of those tissues is enhanced."]], ["[(1S,2S,4R,5R)-9-butyl-9-methyl-3-oxa-9-azoniatricyclo[3.3.1.02,4]nonan-7-yl] (2R)-3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate;bromide", "CCCC[N+]1([C@@H]2CC(C[C@H]1[C@H]3[C@@H]2O3)OC(=O)[C@@H](CO)C4=CC=CC=C4)C.[Br-]", ["Butylscopolamine Bromide is an orally available bromide salt form of butylscopolamine, a quaternary ammonium derivative of the alkaloid scopolamine, with anticholinergic property. Upon oral administration, hyoscine butylbromide binds to and blocks muscarinic receptors located on postganglionic parasympathetic nerve endings and on smooth muscle cells. This blocks the activity of acetylcholine (Ach) and causes its antispasmodic effect in the gastrointestinal (GI), urinary, uterine, and biliary tracts. This agent may also facilitate radiologic visualization of the GI tract."]], ["Baloxavir", "C1COC[C@@H]2N1C(=O)C3=C(C(=O)C=CN3N2[C@H]4C5=C(CSC6=CC=CC=C46)C(=C(C=C5)F)F)O", ["Baloxavir is under investigation in clinical trial NCT04327791 (Combination Therapy With Baloxavir and Oseltamavir 1 for Hospitalized Patients With Influenza (The COMBO Trial 1)).", "Baloxavir is a Polymerase Acidic Endonuclease Inhibitor. The mechanism of action of baloxavir is as a Polymerase Acidic Endonuclease Inhibitor, and Chelating Activity.", "Baloxavir is an inhibitor of the influenza cap-dependent endonuclease enzyme and is used as therapy of influenza A and B. Baloxavir is given as a single, one-time dose and has not been associated with serum enzyme elevations or with clinically apparent liver injury."]], ["Alvocidib Phosphate", "CN1CC[C@@H]([C@@H](C1)O)C2=C(C=C(C3=C2OC(=CC3=O)C4=CC=CC=C4Cl)O)OP(=O)(O)O", ["Alvocidib Prodrug TP-1287 is an orally bioavailable, highly soluble phosphate prodrug of alvocidib, a potent inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinase-9 (CDK9), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration of the phosphate prodrug TP-1287, the prodrug is enzymatically cleaved at the tumor site and the active moiety alvocidib is released. Alvocidib targets and binds to CDK9, thereby reducing the expression of CDK9 target genes such as the anti-apoptotic protein MCL-1, and inducing G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in CDK9-overexpressing cancer cells."]], ["Tolebrutinib", "C=CC(=O)N1CCC[C@H](C1)N2C3=C(C(=NC=C3)N)N(C2=O)C4=CC=C(C=C4)OC5=CC=CC=C5", ["Tolebrutinib is an orally bioavailable, brain-penetrant, selective, small molecule inhibitor of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK), with potential immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory activities. Upon oral administration, tolebrutinib is able to cross the blood-brain barrier and inhibits the activity of BTK both peripherally and in the central nervous system (CNS). This prevents the activation of the B-cell antigen receptor (BCR) signaling pathway, and the resulting immune activation and inflammation. The inhibition of BTK activity also prevents microglial inflammatory signaling in the CNS, and the resulting immune activation, neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. BTK, a cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase and member of the Tec family of kinases, plays an important role in B lymphocyte development, activation, signaling, proliferation and survival. In addition to B cells, BTK is also expressed in innate immune cells, including macrophages and microglia, and plays an important role in the regulation of microglial inflammatory signaling."]], ["Cintirorgon", "CC(C)(C[C@H]1CN(C2=C(O1)C=CC(=C2)C3=CC(=CC(=C3)F)OC(F)F)S(=O)(=O)C4=CC=CC(=C4)C(F)(F)F)C(=O)O", ["Cintirorgon is an orally bioavailable agonist of retinoic acid-related orphan receptor gamma (RORg), with potential immunomodulatory and antineoplastic activities. Upon oral administration of cintirorgon, this agent selectively binds to the nuclear receptor transcription factor RORg, forming a receptor complex that translocates to the nucleus, and binds to ROR response elements (ROREs), enhancing the function, proliferation and survival of type 17 T-cells, including Th17 (helper T-cells) and Tc17 (cytotoxic T-cells). This may increase the expression of co-stimulatory molecules and decrease the expression of co-inhibitory molecules on T-cells leading to increased production of cytokines and chemokines by T-cells, decreased proliferation of regulatory T-cells (Tregs), and abrogation of tumor-induced immunosuppression. This ultimately induces a T-cell-mediated immune response against cancer cells and leads to a reduction in tumor cell growth. RORg, the nuclear receptor transcription factor that is involved in Th17/Tc17 differentiation, plays a key role in immune activation."]], ["Nesuparib", "C1CC2=C(C3=C(C=C(C=C3)CN4CCN(CC4)C5=NC=C(C=C5)C#N)NC2=O)NC1", ["Nesuparib is an orally bioavailable second-generation inhibitor of the nuclear enzymes poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) type 1 (PARP1) and 2 (PARP2) and tankyrase (TNK; TNKS; TANK) 1 and 2, with potential chemo/radiosensitizing and antineoplastic activities. Upon oral administration, nesuparib selectively and simultaneously targets and binds to PARP1/2 and TNK1/2. Inhibiting PARP activity prevents PARP-mediated DNA repair of single-strand DNA breaks via the base-excision repair pathway. This enhances the accumulation of DNA strand breaks and promotes genomic instability and eventually leads to apoptosis. This may enhance the cytotoxicity of DNA-damaging agents. Inhibiting TNK activity blocks the tankyrase-mediated poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of multiple target proteins including various tumor suppressors. This may include the blockage of the poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation and destabilization of AXIN, a negative regulator of beta-catenin, thereby stabilizing AXIN. This prevents Wnt/beta-catenin signaling and may inhibit the activation of transcription of a wide range of Wnt/beta-catenin target genes. This may suppress proliferation of cancer cells in which Wnt/beta-catenin signaling is overactivated. PARP catalyzes post-translational ADP-ribosylation of nuclear proteins that signal and recruit other proteins to repair damaged DNA and is activated by single-strand DNA breaks. The PARP-mediated repair pathway is dysregulated in a variety of cancer cell types. TNK, a member of the PARP family, plays an important role in the regulation of the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway."]], ["AZD4573 free base", "CC(=O)N[C@@H]1CCC[C@@H](C1)C(=O)NC2=NC=C(C(=C2)C3=C4CC(CN4N=C3)(C)C)Cl", ["CDK9 Inhibitor AZD4573 is a selective, short-acting inhibitor of the serine/threonine cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9), the catalytic subunit of the RNA polymerase II (RNA Pol II) elongation factor positive transcription elongation factor b (PTEF-b; PTEFb), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon intravenous administration, AZD4573 binds to and blocks the phosphorylation and kinase activity of CDK9, thereby preventing PTEFb-mediated activation of RNA Pol II, leading to the inhibition of gene transcription of various anti-apoptotic proteins. This induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, and leads to a reduction in tumor cell proliferation. CDK9 regulates elongation of transcription through phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II at serine 2 (p-Ser2-RNAPII). It is upregulated in various tumor cell types and plays a key role in the regulation of Pol II-mediated transcription of anti-apoptotic proteins. Tumor cells are dependent on anti-apoptotic proteins for their survival."]], ["Inavolisib", "C[C@@H](C(=O)N)NC1=CC2=C(C=C1)C3=NC(=CN3CCO2)N4[C@@H](COC4=O)C(F)F", ["GDC-0077 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03006172 (To Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of GDC-0077 Single Agent in Participants With Solid Tumors and in Combination With Endocrine and Targeted Therapies in Participants With Breast Cancer).", "Inavolisib is an orally available inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), with potential antineoplastic activity. inavolisib binds to and inhibits various members of the PI3K family, including activating mutations in the catalytic alpha isoform PIK3CA. PI3K inhibition prevents the activation of the PI3K-mediated signaling pathway and results in the inhibition of growth and survival of PI3K-overexpressing tumor cells. Dysregulation of the PI3K signaling pathway is frequently associated with tumorigenesis and tumor resistance to a variety of antineoplastic agents and radiotherapy. PIK3CA, which encodes the p110-alpha catalytic subunit of the class I PI3K, is frequently mutated in a variety of cancer cell types and plays a key role in cancer cell growth and invasion."]], ["(6R,7S,10S,11R,12E,17Z,19E,21S)-6-[2-(diethylamino)ethylsulfonyl]-21-hydroxy-11,19-dimethyl-10-propan-2-yl-9,26-dioxa-3,15,28-triazatricyclo[23.2.1.03,7]octacosa-1(27),12,17,19,25(28)-pentaene-2,8,14,23-tetrone", "CCN(CC)CCS(=O)(=O)[C@@H]1CCN2[C@H]1C(=O)O[C@H]([C@@H](/C=C/C(=O)NC/C=C\\C(=C\\[C@H](CC(=O)CC3=NC(=CO3)C2=O)O)\\C)C)C(C)C", ["Dalfopristin is a semi-synthetic derivative of streptogramin A produced by streptomycetes. Dalfopristin inhibits the early phase of protein synthesis in the bacterial ribosome by binding to the 70S subunit, and also alters the configuration of the ribosome to make it more susceptible for streptogramin B binding. Dalfopristin is used in combination with quinopristin, a streptogramin B derivative. This combination is active against most gram-positive organisms, including Enterococcus faecium, and is also active against some gram-negative organisms and mycoplasma."]], ["Iodine I 131 MIP-1095", "C1=CC(=CC=C1NC(=O)NCCCC[C@@H](C(=O)O)NC(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)O)[131I]", ["MIP-1095 I-131 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03030885 (Use of an Experimental Radiopharmaceutical (131I-MIP-1095) in Men With Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (mCRPC)).", "Iodine I 131 MIP-1095 is a radioconjugate composed of MIP-1095, a urea-based ligand for the tumor-associated antigen (TAA) prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) radiolabeled with iodine I 131 (I131), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration of iodine I 131 MIP-1095, the MIP-1095 moiety selectively targets and binds to the extracellular domain of PSMA, thereby delivering cytotoxic iodine I 131 specifically to PSMA-expressing cancer cells. PSMA is a transmembrane glycoprotein that is highly expressed by malignant prostate epithelial cells and certain other tumor cells."]], ["Tovinontrine", "C[C@@H]1CN(C[C@H]1C2=CN3C(=CN=C3C4CCOCC4)C(=O)N2)CC5=NC=CC=N5", ["IMR-687 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT04474314 (A Study of IMR-687 in Subjects With Sickle Cell Disease)."]], ["Copper dotatate Cu-64", "C[C@H]([C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](CSSC[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N1)CCCCN)CC2=CNC3=CC=CC=C32)CC4=CC=C(C=C4)O)NC(=O)[C@@H](CC5=CC=CC=C5)NC(=O)CN6CCN(CCN(CCN(CC6)CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)O)O.[64Cu+2]", ["Copper Cu 64 dotatate is a newly approved Cu labeled somatostatin analog and has several advantages over 68Ga-labeled somatostatin analogs for positron emission tomography (PET). Copper Cu 64 dotatate has a longer half-life and can be produced once a day as opposed to several times a day, and lower positron energy lending to improved spatial resolution. Further studies should be performed to compare the two tracers.   Further, PET using Copper Cu 64 dotatate has been found to perform better than the current gold standard of single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) using 111In-DTPA-octreotide. In a head-to-head trial, the former tracer detected twice as many lesions as the latter.", "Copper Cu 64 Dotatate is a radioconjugate consisting of the somatostatin analog tyrosine-3-octreotate (Tyr3-octreotate or TATE) labeled, via the macrocyclic chelating agent 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetra-acetic acid (DOTA), with the positron emission tomography (PET) tracer copper Cu 64, which may be used to image somatostatin receptor (SSTR)-expressing neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) upon PET. Upon administration of copper Cu 64 Dotatate, the TATE moiety targets and binds to SSTRs, with a much higher affinity for type 2 SSTR, present on the cell membranes of many types of NETs. This allows for visualization of SSTR-positive tumor cells upon PET. SSTR subtypes have been shown to be present in large numbers on NETs and their metastases, while most other normal tissues express low levels of SSTR subtypes."]], ["(2S,3S)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-[(2R,3S)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl]-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one", "COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)[C@H]2[C@H](OC3=C(O2)C=C(C=C3)[C@H]4[C@@H](C(=O)C5=C(C=C(C=C5O4)O)O)O)CO)O", ["The major active component of silymarin flavonoids extracted from seeds of the MILK THISTLE, Silybum marianum; it is used in the treatment of HEPATITIS; LIVER CIRRHOSIS; and CHEMICAL AND DRUG INDUCED LIVER INJURY, and has antineoplastic activity; silybins A and B are diastereomers."]], ["2-[(1R,4S,8R,10S,13S,16S,27S,34S)-34-[(2S)-butan-2-yl]-13-[(2R,3R)-3,4-dihydroxybutan-2-yl]-8,22-dihydroxy-2,5,11,14,27,30,33,36,39-nonaoxo-27lambda4-thia-3,6,12,15,25,29,32,35,38-nonazapentacyclo[14.12.11.06,10.018,26.019,24]nonatriaconta-18(26),19(24),20,22-tetraen-4-yl]acetamide", "CC[C@H](C)[C@H]1C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@H]2C[S@](=O)C3=C(C[C@@H](C(=O)NCC(=O)N1)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H]4C[C@H](CN4C(=O)[C@@H](NC2=O)CC(=O)N)O)[C@@H](C)[C@H](CO)O)C5=C(N3)C=C(C=C5)O", ["A cyclic octapeptide with a thioether bridge between the cystine and tryptophan. It inhibits RNA POLYMERASE II. Poisoning may require LIVER TRANSPLANTATION."]], ["methyl (1R,9R,10S,11R,12R,19S)-11-acetyloxy-12-ethyl-4-[(13S,15S,17S)-17-ethyl-17-hydroxy-13-methoxycarbonyl-1,11-diazatetracyclo[13.3.1.04,12.05,10]nonadeca-4(12),5,7,9-tetraen-13-yl]-8-formyl-10-hydroxy-5-methoxy-8,16-diazapentacyclo[10.6.1.01,9.02,7.016,19]nonadeca-2,4,6,13-tetraene-10-carboxylate", "CC[C@@]1(C[C@@H]2C[C@@](C3=C(CCN(C2)C1)C4=CC=CC=C4N3)(C5=C(C=C6C(=C5)[C@]78CCN9[C@@H]7[C@@](C=CC9)([C@H]([C@@]([C@@H]8N6C=O)(C(=O)OC)O)OC(=O)C)CC)OC)C(=O)OC)O", ["Vincristine appears as a white crystalline solid. Melting point 218 \u00b0C. Used as an antineoplastic."]], ["Phytosterol", "CC[C@H](CC[C@H](C)[C@@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@]1(CC[C@@H]3[C@@H]2CC=C4[C@]3(CC[C@H](C4)O)C)C)C(C)C", ["Phytosterol is any sterol found in the plant kingdom.", "A class of organic compounds known as STEROLS or STEROIDS derived from plants."]], ["Amatoxin", "CC[C@H](C)[C@H]1C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@H]2C[S@@](=O)C3=C(C[C@@H](C(=O)NCC(=O)N1)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H]4C[C@H](CN4C(=O)[C@@H](NC2=O)CC(=O)N)O)[C@@H](C)[C@H](C)O)C5=C(N3)C=C(C=C5)O", ["Amatoxin is a natural product found in Galerina marginata, Amanita verna, and other organisms with data available."]], ["Unii-IK88NC17OD", "C1=CN(N=C1C2=CC(=CC(=C2)C(F)(F)F)C(F)(F)F)CCC(=O)O", ["STG-001 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT04489511 (Study of STG-001 in Subjects With Stargardt Disease)."]], ["Lactoferrin", "CC[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(=N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=N[C@@H](CS)C(=N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=N[C@@H](CCCNC(=N)N)C(=N[C@@H](CCCNC(=N)N)C(=N[C@@H](C)C(=N[C@@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)C(=O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)N=C([C@H](CO)N=C([C@@H]2CCCN2C(=O)[C@H](C)N=C(CN=C([C@H](CC(C)C)N=C([C@H](CCCCN)N=C([C@H](CCCCN)N=C([C@H](CCSC)N=C([C@H](CCCNC(=N)N)N=C([C@H](CC3=CNC4=CC=CC=C43)N=C([C@H](CCC(=N)O)N=C([C@H](CC5=CNC6=CC=CC=C65)N=C([C@H](CCCNC(=N)N)N=C([C@H](CCCNC(=N)N)N=C([C@H](CS)N=C([C@H](CCCCN)N=C([C@H](CC7=CC=CC=C7)N)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O", ["Lactoferrin is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03748043 (The Effectiveness of Lactoferrin in Treatment of Iron Deficiency Anemia in Children With Chronic Tonsillitis).", "An iron-binding protein that was originally characterized as a milk protein. It is widely distributed in secretory fluids and is found in the neutrophilic granules of LEUKOCYTES. The N-terminal part of lactoferrin possesses a serine protease which functions to inactivate the type III secretion system used by bacteria to export virulence proteins for host cell invasion."]], ["Hydroxocobalamin", "CC1=CC2=C(C=C1C)N(C=N2)C3C(C(C(O3)CO)OP(=O)([O-])OC(C)CNC(=O)CCC\\4(C(C5C6(C(C(C(=N6)/C(=C\\7/C(C(C(=N7)/C=C\\8/C(C(C(=N8)/C(=C4\\[N-]5)/C)CCC(=O)N)(C)C)CCC(=O)N)(C)CC(=O)N)/C)CCC(=O)N)(C)CC(=O)N)C)CC(=O)N)C)O", ["vitamin B12 is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).", "Hydroxocobalamin is a synthetic form of vitamin B12 that can be used as a dietary supplement to treat vitamin B12 deficiency. Upon administration, hydroxocobalamin mimics vitamin B12 and acts as an essential cofactor in various cellular reactions required for cell growth and replication, and hematopoiesis."]], ["Cobomarsen", "CC1=CN(C(=O)NC1=O)[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@@](O2)(CO3)COP(=S)(O)O[C@H]4[C@@H]5[C@@H](O[C@]4(CO5)COP(=S)(O)O[C@H]6C[C@@H](O[C@@H]6COP(=S)(O)O[C@H]7C[C@@H](O[C@@H]7COP(=S)(O)O[C@H]8[C@@H]9[C@@H](O[C@]8(CO9)COP(=S)(O)O[C@H]1C[C@@H](O[C@@H]1COP(=S)(O)O[C@H]1[C@@H]2[C@@H](O[C@]1(CO2)CO)N1C=C(C(=NC1=O)N)C)N1C=NC2=C(N=CN=C21)N)N1C=C(C(=NC1=O)N)C)N1C=NC2=C1N=C(NC2=O)N)N1C=NC2=C(N=CN=C21)N)N1C=C(C(=O)NC1=O)C)OP(=S)(O)OC[C@@H]1[C@H](C[C@@H](O1)N1C=NC2=C(N=CN=C21)N)OP(=S)(O)OC[C@]12CO[C@H]([C@@H]1OP(=S)(O)OC[C@@H]1[C@H](C[C@@H](O1)N1C=CC(=NC1=O)N)OP(=S)(O)OC[C@]13CO[C@H]([C@@H]1OP(=S)(O)OC[C@]14CO[C@H]([C@@H]1OP(=S)(O)OC[C@]15CO[C@H]([C@@H]1OP(=S)(O)OC[C@]16CO[C@H]([C@@H]1O)[C@@H](O6)N1C=NC6=C(N=CN=C61)N)[C@@H](O5)N1C=C(C(=O)NC1=O)C)[C@@H](O4)N1C=C(C(=O)NC1=O)C)[C@@H](O3)N1C=NC3=C(N=CN=C31)N)[C@@H](O2)N1C=NC2=C1N=C(NC2=O)N", ["Cobomarsen is a locked nucleic acid (LNA)-based oligonucleotide inhibitor of microRNA (miRNA) 155 (miR-155), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, cobomarsen targets, binds to and inhibits miR-155. This silences miR-155 and prevents the translation of certain tumor promoting genes, which leads to the induction of cancer cell apoptosis and the inhibition of tumor cell growth. miR-155, an oncogenic single-stranded, non-coding RNA that is critical to the regulation of gene expression, is overexpressed in certain tumor cell types. Up-regulation of miR-155 plays a key role in increased tumor cell proliferation and survival. The LNA is an RNA analog in which the ribose ring is locked in a particular confirmation that increases stability. Compared to the unmodified oligonucleotide, the LNA-modified oligonucleotide shows increased affinity for its target miR-155."]], ["Technetium Tc-99m pentetic acid", "[H+].[H+].C(CN(CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])N(CCN(CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-].[99Tc]", ["Technetium Tc-99m DTPA is a radiopharmaceutical core of chelating agent DTPA (diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid) complexed with the gamma-emitting radionuclide technetium Tc 99m with radioimaging application. Tc-99m-DTPA has been utilized as a radiotracer, when conjugated to tissue specific molecules, in a wide variety of nuclear imaging studies, including brain, lung, and renal function studies."]], ["Cemdisiran", "CC(=O)N[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@H]([C@H](O[C@H]1OCCCCC(=O)NCCCNC(=O)CCOCC(COCCC(=O)NCCCNC(=O)CCCCO[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@H](O2)CO)O)O)NC(=O)C)(COCCC(=O)NCCCNC(=O)CCCCO[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@H](O3)CO)O)O)NC(=O)C)NC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC(=O)N4C[C@@H](C[C@H]4COP(=O)(O)O)O)CO)O)O", ["Inclisiran is a long-acting, synthetic small interfering RNA (siRNA) directed against proprotein convertase subtilisin-kexin type 9 (PCSK9), which is a serine protease that regulates plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. By binding to PCSK9 messenger RNA, inclisiran prevents protein translation of PCSK9, leading to decreased concentrations of PCSK9 and plasma concentrations of LDL cholesterol. Lowering circulating plasma LDL-C levels offers an additional benefit of reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and improving cardiovascular outcomes, as hypercholesterolemia is a major known risk factor for CVD.   On December 11, 2020, the European Commission (EC) granted authorization for marketing inclisiran as the first and only approved siRNA for the treatment of adults with primary hypercholesterolemia (heterozygous familial and non-familial) or mixed dyslipidemia, alone or in combination with other lipid-lowering therapies. Inclisiran was later approved by the FDA on December 22, 2021, for the treatment of heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HeFH) or clinical atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in adults. It is marketed under the trade name Leqvio.", "Cemdisiran is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03841448 (A Study of Cemdisiran in Adults With Immunoglobulin a Nephropathy (Igan)).", "Inclisiran is a synthetic small interfering RNA (siRNA) molecule directed against PCSK-9 that is used to treat hypercholesterolemia. Inclisiran has not been linked to ALT elevations during therapy or to instances of clinically apparent liver injury with symptoms or jaundice.", "Cemdisiran is a proprietary formulation composed of small-interfering RNAs (siRNAs) directed against terminal complement component 5 (C5) of the complement pathway conjugated to a N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) ligand, which has potential use in the treatment of complement-mediated diseases, such as paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH). Upon subcutaneous administration of cemdisiran, the GalNAc ligand moiety specifically binds to and is taken up by the asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR) expressed on hepatocytes. Inside the cell, the siRNAs bind to C5 mRNAs, which results in the inhibition of both the translation and expression of the C5 protein. This lowers plasma C5 levels, prevents C5 cleavage into pro-inflammatory components and blocks complement-mediated hemolysis. C5, a complement pathway protein, is expressed at high levels by the liver."]], ["Valemetostat", "CC1=CC(=C(C(=O)N1)CNC(=O)C2=CC(=C3C(=C2C)O[C@@](O3)(C)C4CCC(CC4)N(C)C)Cl)C", ["Valemetostat is an orally available selective inhibitor of the histone lysine methyltransferases enhancer of zeste homolog 1 (EZH1) and 2 (EZH2), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, valemetostat selectively inhibits the activity of both wild-type and mutated forms of EZH1 and EZH2. Inhibition of EZH1/2 specifically prevents the methylation of lysine 27 on histone H3 (H3K27). This decrease in histone methylation alters gene expression patterns associated with cancer pathways, enhances transcription of certain target genes, and results in decreased proliferation of EZH1/2-expressing cancer cells. EZH1/2, histone lysine methyltransferase (HMT) class enzymes and catalytic subunits of the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), are overexpressed or mutated in a variety of cancer cells and play key roles in tumor cell proliferation, progression, stem cell self-renewal and migration."]], ["Valemetostat tosylate", "CC1=CC=C(C=C1)S(=O)(=O)O.CC1=CC(=C(C(=O)N1)CNC(=O)C2=CC(=C3C(=C2C)O[C@@](O3)(C)C4CCC(CC4)N(C)C)Cl)C", ["Valemetostat Tosylate is the tosylate form of valemetostat, an orally available selective inhibitor of the histone lysine methyltransferases enhancer of zeste homolog 1 (EZH1) and 2 (EZH2), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, valemetostat selectively inhibits the activity of both wild-type and mutated forms of EZH1 and EZH2. Inhibition of EZH1/2 specifically prevents the methylation of lysine 27 on histone H3 (H3K27). This decrease in histone methylation alters gene expression patterns associated with cancer pathways, enhances transcription of certain target genes, and results in decreased proliferation of EZH1/2-expressing cancer cells. EZH1/2, histone lysine methyltransferase (HMT) class enzymes and catalytic subunits of the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), are overexpressed or mutated in a variety of cancer cells and play key roles in tumor cell proliferation, progression, stem cell self-renewal and migration."]], ["7-(4-Fluoro-2-methoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-N-(1-(piperidin-4-yl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl) thieno (3,2-d)pyrimidin-2-amine", "CC1=C(C2=NC(=NC=C2S1)NC3=CN(N=C3)C4CCNCC4)C5=C(C=C(C=C5)F)OC", ["MAX-40279 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03412292 (MAX-40279 in Subjects With Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML)).", "FLT3/FGFR Dual Kinase Inhibitor MAX-40279 is an orally bioavailable inhibitor of the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) and FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3; CD135; STK1; FLK2), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration of FLT3/FGFR dual kinase inhibitor MAX-40279, this agent binds to and inhibits both FGFR and FLT3, including FLT3 mutant forms, which results in the inhibition of FGFR/FLT3-mediated signal transduction pathways. This inhibits proliferation in FGFR/FLT3-overexpressing tumor cells. FGFR, a family of receptor tyrosine kinases, is upregulated in many tumor cell types. FLT3, a class III receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK), is overexpressed or mutated in most B-lineage neoplasms and in acute myeloid leukemias. They both play key roles in cellular proliferation and survival."]], ["Aclimostat", "CC(=CC[C@@H]1[C@@](O1)(C)[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H](CC[C@]23CO3)OC(=O)N4CC(C4)CCN5CCOCC5)OC)C", ["Aclimostat is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03254368 (Study to Assess the Effects and Safety of ZGN-1061 in Overweight and Obese Participants With Type 2 Diabetes)."]], ["Onametostat", "C1[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]1N2C=CC3=C(N=CN=C32)N)O)O)CCC4=CC5=NC(=C(C=C5C=C4)Br)N", ["Onametostat is an orally available small molecule inhibitor of protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5), with potential antiproliferative and antineoplastic activities. Upon oral administration,onametostat selectively targets and irreversibly binds to the S-adenosylmethionine (SAM)- and substrate-binding pockets of the PRMT5/methylosome protein 50 (MEP50) complex, and inhibits its function. By inhibiting its methyltransferase activity, levels of both monomethylated and dimethylated arginine residues in histones H2A, H3 and H4 are decreased. This modulates the expression of genes involved in several cellular processes, including cellular proliferation. This may increase the expression of antiproliferative genes and/or decrease the expression of genes that promote cell proliferation, which may lead to decreased growth of rapidly proliferating cells, including cancer cells. PRMT5, a type II methyltransferase that catalyzes the formation of both omega-N monomethylarginine (MMA) and symmetric dimethylarginine (sDMA) on histones and a variety of other protein substrates involved in signal transduction and cellular transcription, is overexpressed in several neoplasms. Elevated levels are associated with decreased patient survival."]], ["Vemircopan", "CC1=C(N=C(C=C1)Br)NC(=O)[C@@H]2C[C@]3(C[C@H]3N2C(=O)CN4C5=C(C=C(C=C5)C6=CN=C(N=C6)C)C(=N4)C(=O)C)C", ["Vemircopan is an orally bioavailable inhibitor of complement factor D (FD; CFD), a serine protease that cleaves complement factor B, with potential complement system inhibiting activity. Upon administration, vemircopan targets, binds to and blocks the activity of FD, and thereby inhibits cleavage of complement factor B into Ba and Bb in the alternative pathway of the complement cascade. This inhibits FD-mediated signaling and activation of the alternative complement pathway (ACP), blocks complement-mediated hemolysis in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) and prevents ACP-induced tissue damage. FD plays a key role in the activation of the ACP."]], ["7-Fluoro-3-methyl-8-[6-(3-piperidin-1-ylpropoxy)pyridin-3-yl]-1-propan-2-ylimidazo[4,5-c]quinolin-2-one", "CC(C)N1C2=C(C=NC3=CC(=C(C=C32)C4=CN=C(C=C4)OCCCN5CCCCC5)F)N(C1=O)C", ["ATM Kinase Inhibitor AZD1390 is an orally bioavailable inhibitor of ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) kinase, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, AZD1390 targets and binds to ATM, thereby inhibiting the kinase activity of ATM and ATM-mediated signaling. This prevents DNA damage checkpoint activation, disrupts DNA damage repair, induces tumor cell apoptosis, and leads to cell death in ATM-overexpressing tumor cells. AZD1390 hypersensitizes tumors to chemo/radiotherapy. In addition, AZD1390 is able to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). ATM, a serine/threonine protein kinase belonging to the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-related kinase (PIKK) family of protein kinases, is upregulated in a variety of cancer cell types. It is activated in response to DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) and plays a key role in DNA repair."]], ["Golidocitinib", "C[C@H](C(=O)NC1=CC=CC2=C1NC=C2C3=NC(=NC=C3)NC4=CN(N=C4OC)C)N5CCN(CC5)C", ["Golidocitinib is an orally available inhibitor of Janus-associated kinase 1 (JAK1), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, golidocitinib inhibits JAK-dependent signaling and may lead to an inhibition of cellular proliferation in JAK1-overexpressing tumor cells. The JAK-STAT (signal transducer and activator of transcription) signaling pathway is a major mediator of cytokine activity and is often dysregulated in a variety of tumor cell types. Additionally, JAK1 may be a primary driver of STAT3 phosphorylation and signaling, which plays a role in neoplastic transformation, resistance to apoptosis, tumor angiogenesis, metastasis, immune evasion, and treatment resistance."]], ["Dersimelagon", "COC[C@H]1CN(C[C@@H]1C2=C(C=C(C=C2)C(F)(F)F)N3CCC(CC3)C(=O)O)C(=O)[C@@]4(CN(C[C@H]4C5=CC=C(C=C5)OC)C6CCCC6)F", ["Dersimelagon is an orally bioavailable selective, non-peptide melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R; melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor; MSHR; melanin-activating peptide receptor; melanotropin receptor) agonist, that can potentially be used to prevent phototoxicity. Upon administration, dersimelagon targets, binds to and activates MC1R. This may prevent phototoxicity and related pain in erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP) or X-Linked Protoporphyria (XLP) patients. MC1R, a G protein-coupled receptor that binds to melanocortins and are located on melanocytes, is involved in regulating mammalian skin and hair color."]], ["Carbamic acid, N,N'-[[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diylbis[1H-imidazole-5,2-diyl-(2S)-2,1-pyrrolidinediyl[(1S)-1-(1-methylethyl)-2-oxo-2,1-ethanediyl]]]bis-, C,C'-dimethyl ester, hydrochloride (1:2)", "CC(C)[C@@H](C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C2=NC=C(N2)C3=CC=C(C=C3)C4=CC=C(C=C4)C5=CN=C(N5)[C@@H]6CCCN6C(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)OC)NC(=O)OC.Cl", ["Daclatasvir Dihydrochloride is the dihydrochloride salt form of daclatasvir, an orally available inhibitor of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) non-structural protein 5A (NS5A) replication complex, with potential activity against HCV. Although the exact mechanism of action of daclatasvir has yet to be fully determined, this agent, upon oral administration and after intracellular uptake, appears to bind to domain I of the NS5A protein. This inhibits the activity of the NS5A protein and results in the disruption of the viral RNA replication complex, blockage of viral HCV RNA production, and inhibition of viral replication. NS5A, a zinc-binding and proline-rich hydrophilic phosphoprotein, plays a crucial role in HCV RNA replication. HCV is a small, enveloped, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Flaviviridae family."]], ["(6aR,9R)-N-[(2S)-1-hydroxybutan-2-yl]-7-methyl-6,6a,8,9-tetrahydro-4H-indolo[4,3-fg]quinoline-9-carboxamide;(E)-but-2-enedioic acid", "CC[C@@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H]1CN([C@@H]2CC3=CNC4=CC=CC(=C34)C2=C1)C.C(=C/C(=O)O)\\C(=O)O", ["A homolog of ERGONOVINE containing one more CH2 group. (Merck Index, 11th ed)"]], ["Aurigene 1", "C[C@H]([C@@H](C(=O)O)NC(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)N)C1=NC(=NO1)[C@H](CO)N)O", ["CA-170 is a selective, small molecule inhibitor of PD-L1.", "PD-L1/PD-L2/VISTA Antagonist CA-170 is an orally bioavailable small molecule inhibitor of the immune checkpoint regulatory proteins programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1; B7-H1; CD274), PD-L2, and V-domain immunoglobulin (Ig) suppressor of T-cell activation (VISTA; programmed death 1 homolog; PD1H; PD-1H), with potential negative immune checkpoint regulatory and antineoplastic activities. Upon oral administration, PD-L1/PD-L2/VISTA antagonist CA-170 targets and binds to PD-L1, PD-L2 and VISTA. This inhibits PD-L1/PD-L2/VISTA-mediated signaling, abrogates the PD-L1-, PD-L2- and VISTA-induced suppression of T-lymphocyte immune responses, enhances cytotoxic T-cell proliferation and activation against tumor cells, increases cytokine production by T-cells, and inhibits tumor cell growth. PD-L1, PD-L2 and VISTA, negative checkpoint molecules of immune activation, play key roles in the suppression of T-cell functions."]], ["Phosphinic acid, P,P-bis(1-aziridinyl)-, (1R)-1-(3-(3-((dimethylamino)carbonyl)phenoxy)-4-nitrophenyl)ethyl ester", "C[C@H](C1=CC(=C(C=C1)[N+](=O)[O-])OC2=CC=CC(=C2)C(=O)N(C)C)OP(=O)(N3CC3)N4CC4", ["OBI-3424 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT04315324 (Study to Test Akr1c3-activated Prodrug OBI-3424 (OBI-3424) in Patients With Relapsed/refractory T-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (T-ALL)).", "AKR1C3-activated Prodrug OBI-3424 is a small-molecule nitro-benzene, aldo-keto reductase 1C3 (AKR1C3)-activated prodrug of N,N'-bisethylenephosphoramidate, a DNA bis-alkylating agent, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon intravenous administration, AKR1C3-activated prodrug OBI-3424 is converted to its active form by AKR1C3, which is upregulated in certain tumor cell types while not expressed in normal healthy cells. The active metabolite selectively binds to and alkylates DNA in AKR1C3-overexpressing tumor cells, resulting in DNA base pair mismatching, interstrand crosslinking and inhibition of DNA repair and synthesis, cell-cycle arrest, and apoptosis. As the expression of AKR1C3 is restricted to tumors, OBI-3424 is selectively converted to its active metabolite in tumor cells only while its conversion in normal, healthy tissue is absent; this allows for an increased cytotoxic effect of the alkylating agent in tumor cells while decreasing its toxicity."]], ["Opioid", "CCC(=O)N(C1CCN(CC1)CCC2=CC=CC=C2)C3=CC=CC=C3.CCOC(=O)C1(CCN(CC1)C)C2=CC=CC=C2.CN1CC[C@]23[C@@H]4C(=O)CC[C@]2([C@H]1CC5=C3C(=C(C=C5)OC)O4)O", ["The opioids are a large class of medications related in structure to the natural plant alkaloids found in opium that are derived from the resin of the opium poppy, Papaver somniferum. The natural alkaloids are also referred to as opiates and include morphine and codeine. Synthetic derivatives include heroin, fentanyl, hydromorphone, methadone, buprenorphine and others. The opioids are highly potent and effective analgesics, but most have a high potential for dependency and abuse.", "Opioid is a class of synthetic chemicals/drugs similar to opiates (opium derivatives) with analgesic properties.  Due to binding to opiate receptors, opioids mimic opiate activity on neurons, various cells (i.e. lymphocytes), pain suppression and other neurobehavioral activity. (NCI)"]], ["2-amino-4,6-dimethyl-3-oxo-9-N-[(3R,6S,7R,10S,16S)-7,11,14-trimethyl-2,5,9,12,15-pentaoxo-3,10-di(propan-2-yl)-8-oxa-1,4,11,14-tetrazabicyclo[14.3.0]nonadecan-6-yl]-1-N-[(3R,6R,7R,10S,16R)-7,11,14-trimethyl-2,5,9,12,15-pentaoxo-3,10-di(propan-2-yl)-8-oxa-1,4,11,14-tetrazabicyclo[14.3.0]nonadecan-6-yl]phenoxazine-1,9-dicarboxamide", "C[C@@H]1[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](C(=O)N2CCC[C@H]2C(=O)N(CC(=O)N([C@H](C(=O)O1)C(C)C)C)C)C(C)C)NC(=O)C3=C4C(=C(C=C3)C)OC5=C(C(=O)C(=C(C5=N4)C(=O)N[C@@H]6[C@H](OC(=O)[C@@H](N(C(=O)CN(C(=O)[C@H]7CCCN7C(=O)[C@H](NC6=O)C(C)C)C)C)C(C)C)C)N)C", ["Actinomycin d appears as bright red rhomboid prisms or red powder. (NTP, 1992)", "A compound composed of a two CYCLIC PEPTIDES attached to a phenoxazine that is derived from STREPTOMYCES parvullus. It binds to DNA and inhibits RNA synthesis (transcription), with chain elongation more sensitive than initiation, termination, or release. As a result of impaired mRNA production, protein synthesis also declines after dactinomycin therapy. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p2015)"]], ["(8R,10S,11S,13S,16S)-9-chloro-11,17-dihydroxy-17-(2-hydroxyacetyl)-10,13,16-trimethyl-6,7,8,11,12,14,15,16-octahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one", "C[C@H]1CC2[C@H]3CCC4=CC(=O)C=C[C@@]4(C3([C@H](C[C@@]2(C1(C(=O)CO)O)C)O)Cl)C", ["Beclomethasone is a synthetic glucocorticoid with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating properties.  After cell surface receptor attachment and cell entry, beclomethasone enters the nucleus where it binds to and activates specific nuclear receptors, resulting in an altered gene expression and inhibition of proinflammatory cytokine production.", "An anti-inflammatory, synthetic glucocorticoid. It is used topically as an anti-inflammatory agent and in aerosol form for the treatment of ASTHMA."]], ["Pyostacine", "CC[C@@H]1C(=O)N2CCC[C@H]2C(=O)N([C@H](C(=O)N3CCC(=O)C[C@H]3C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)O[C@@H]([C@@H](C(=O)N1)NC(=O)C4=C(C=CC=N4)O)C)C5=CC=CC=C5)CC6=CC=CC=C6)C.C[C@@H]1/C=C/C(=O)NC/C=C/C(=C/[C@H](CC(=O)CC2=NC(=CO2)C(=O)N3CCC=C3C(=O)O[C@@H]1C(C)C)O)/C", ["Virginiamycin is a streptogramin antibiotic similar to pristinamycin and quinupristin/dalfopristin. It is a combination of pristinamycin IIA and virginiamycin S1. Virginiamycin is used in the fuel ethanol industry to prevent microbial contamination and in livestock to prevent and treat infections. According to a USDA study, antibiotics can save as much as 30% in feed costs among young swine.", "Virginiamycin is a class of streptogramin-related depsipeptides isolated from the bacterium Streptomyces virginiae and other Streptomyces bacterial species.  The virginiamycins consist of two major components, virginiamycin M1 and virginiamycin S1.  These agents bind to and inhibit ribosome assembly, thereby preventing protein synthesis.  Active against Gram-positive bacteria, these antibiotics are primarily used in veterinary practice. (NCI04)", "A cyclic polypeptide antibiotic complex from Streptomyces virginiae, S. loidensis, S. mitakaensis, S. pristina-spiralis, S. ostreogriseus, and others. It consists of 2 major components, VIRGINIAMYCIN FACTOR M1 and virginiamycin Factor S1. It is used to treat infections with gram-positive organisms and as a growth promoter in cattle, swine, and poultry."]], ["4-oxo-4-[[(1R,4S,5S,8S,9S,10R,12S,13R)-1,5,9-trimethyl-11,14,15,16-tetraoxatetracyclo[10.3.1.04,13.08,13]hexadecan-10-yl]oxy]butanoic acid", "C[C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H](O[C@@H]3[C@@]24[C@H]1CC[C@](O3)(OO4)C)OC(=O)CCC(=O)O)C", ["Artesunate is a water-soluble, semi-synthetic derivative of the sesquiterpine lactone artemisinin with anti-malarial, anti-schistosomiasis, antiviral, and potential anti-neoplastic activities. Upon hydrolysis of artesunate's active endoperoxide bridge moiety by liberated heme in parasite-infected red blood cells, reactive oxygen species and carbon-centered radicals form, which have been shown to damage and kill parasitic organisms. Additionally, in vitro studies demonstrate that this agent induces DNA breakage in a dose-dependent manner. Artesunate has also been shown to stimulate cell differentiation, arrest the cell cycle in the G1 and G2/M phases, inhibit cell proliferation, and induce apoptosis through mitochondrial and caspase signaling pathways. Artemisinin is isolated from the plant Artemisia annua.", "artesunate is a mineral.", "A water-soluble, semi-synthetic derivative of the sesquiterpene lactone artemisinin with anti-malarial, anti-schistosomiasis, antiviral, and potential anti-neoplastic activities"]], ["methyl (9R,10S,11S,12R,19R)-11-acetyloxy-12-ethyl-4-[(13S,15R,17S)-17-ethyl-17-hydroxy-13-methoxycarbonyl-1,11-diazatetracyclo[13.3.1.04,12.05,10]nonadeca-4(12),5,7,9-tetraen-13-yl]-10-hydroxy-5-methoxy-8-methyl-8,16-diazapentacyclo[10.6.1.01,9.02,7.016,19]nonadeca-2,4,6,13-tetraene-10-carboxylate", "CC[C@@]1(C[C@H]2C[C@@](C3=C(CCN(C2)C1)C4=CC=CC=C4N3)(C5=C(C=C6C(=C5)C78CCN9[C@H]7[C@@](C=CC9)([C@@H]([C@@]([C@@H]8N6C)(C(=O)OC)O)OC(=O)C)CC)OC)C(=O)OC)O", ["Vinblastine is a natural alkaloid isolated from the plant Vinca rosea Linn. Vinblastine binds to tubulin and inhibits microtubule formation, resulting in disruption of mitotic spindle assembly and arrest of tumor cells in the M phase of the cell cycle. This agent may also interfere with amino acid, cyclic AMP, and glutathione metabolism; calmodulin-dependent Ca++ -transport ATPase activity; cellular respiration; and nucleic acid and lipid biosynthesis. (NCI04)", "Antitumor alkaloid isolated from Vinca rosea. (Merck, 11th ed.)"]], ["Saxagliptin (BMS-477118,Onglyza)", "C1[C@@H]2C[C@H]2N([C@@H]1C#N)C(=O)[C@H](C34CC5CC(C3)CC(C5)(C4)O)N", ["Saxagliptin is a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor which is used in combination with diet and exercise in the therapy of type 2 diabetes, either alone or in combination with other oral hypoglycemic agents. Saxagliptin is a relatively new medication and has yet to be implicated in causing clinically apparent liver injury.", "Saxagliptin is a potent, selective and competitive, cyanopyrrolidine-based, orally bioavailable inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4), with hypoglycemic activity. Saxagliptin is metabolized into an, although less potent, active mono-hydroxy metabolite."]], ["(2S)-5-hydroxy-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-7-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxy-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one", "C[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O1)OC[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O2)OC3=CC(=C4C(=O)C[C@H](OC4=C3)C5=CC(=C(C=C5)OC)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O", ["(2S)-5-hydroxy-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-7-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxy-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one is a natural product found in Myrtus communis, Drummondita calida, and other organisms with data available."]], ["(1R,9S,12S,13R,14S,17R,18E,21S,23S,24S,25S,27R)-12-[(E)-1-[(1R,3R,4R)-4-chloro-3-methoxycyclohexyl]prop-1-en-2-yl]-17-ethyl-1,14-dihydroxy-23,25-dimethoxy-13,19,21,27-tetramethyl-11,28-dioxa-4-azatricyclo[22.3.1.04,9]octacos-18-ene-2,3,10,16-tetrone", "CC[C@@H]1/C=C(/C[C@@H](C[C@@H]([C@H]2[C@H](C[C@H]([C@@](O2)(C(=O)C(=O)N3CCCC[C@H]3C(=O)O[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](CC1=O)O)C)/C(=C/[C@@H]4CC[C@H]([C@@H](C4)OC)Cl)/C)O)C)OC)OC)C)\\C", ["Pimecrolimus is a 33-epi-chloro-derivative of the ascomycin macrolactam with immunosuppressant property. Pimecrolimus binds to the receptor macrophilin-12 (FKBP-12) forming a complex that blocks the calcium-dependent signal transduction cascade mediated by calcineurin. Via dephosphorylation, calcineurin is the enzyme responsible for activating nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NF-AT), a T cell transcriptional regulatory factor. As a consequence, the synthesis and release of Th1- (T helper 1) and Th2- (T helper 2) type cytokines, and other inflammatory mediators from T-cells and mast cells are blocked and the expression of signals essential for the activation of inflammatory T-lymphocytes is inhibited. However, pimecrolimus mode of action is cell-selective and does not affect Langerhans' cells/dendritic cells and primary fibroblasts."]], ["Gadopentetic-acid", "C(CN(CC(=O)O)CC(=O)O)N(CCN(CC(=O)O)CC(=O)O)CC(=O)O.[Gd]", ["A complex of gadolinium with a chelating agent, diethylenetriamine penta-acetic acid (DTPA see PENTETIC ACID), that is given to enhance the image in cranial and spinal MRIs. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p706)"]], ["Itmn-191;R7227;RO5190591;RG7227", "CC(C)(C)OC(=O)NC1CCCCCC=CC2C[C@]2(NC(=O)C3CC(CN3C1=O)OC(=O)N4CC5=C(C4)C(=CC=C5)F)C(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C6CC6", ["Danoprevir is an orally bioavailable, peptidomimetic inhibitor of hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS3/4A protease, with antiviral activity against HCV and potential antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2. Upon oral administration, danoprevir binds to and blocks the activity of HCV NS3/4A protease. This prevents the cleavage and processing of HCV viral proteins leading to the inhibition of HCV replication. Danoprevir may also bind to and block of the activity of SARS-CoV-2 protease. This prevents the cleavage and processing of SARS-CoV-2 viral proteins leading to the inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 replication. NS3/4A, a chymotrypsin-like serine protease, is responsible for cleavage at four sites of the HCV polyprotein to form the viral proteins required for HCV replication. It plays a key role in the HCV viral replication process. HCV infection is associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A chymotrypsin-like protease is responsible for cleavage of the SARS-CoV-2 viral polyprotein to form the RNA replicase-transcriptase complex, which plays a key role in the SARS-CoV-2 viral transcription and replication process."]], ["Vosevi", "CC[C@@H]1[C@@H]2CN([C@@H]1C(=O)N[C@@]3(C[C@H]3C(F)F)C(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C4(CC4)C)C(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)O[C@@H]5C[C@H]5CCCCC(C6=NC7=C(C=C(C=C7)OC)N=C6O2)(F)F)C(C)(C)C.C[C@H]1CC[C@H](N1C(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)OC)C2=NC3=C(N2)C=CC4=CC5=C(C=C43)OCC6=C5C=CC(=C6)C7=CN=C(N7)[C@@H]8C[C@@H](CN8C(=O)[C@@H](C9=CC=CC=C9)NC(=O)OC)COC.C[C@@H](C(=O)OC(C)C)N[P@](=O)(OC[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@@]([C@@H](O1)N2C=CC(=O)NC2=O)(C)F)O)OC3=CC=CC=C3", ["Vosevi is an antiviral prescription medicine approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus infection (HCV) in adults who meet certain requirements, as determined by a health care provider."]], ["Posenacaftor", "CC1=C2C(=C(C=C1)O[C@H](C)C3CCOCC3)C(=CC(=N2)C4=C(C5=CC=CC=C5O4)C)C(=O)O", ["PTI-801 represents a new class of drugs to treat pain. PTI-801 can minimize the opioid tolerance, dependence or addiction that is often associated with repeat use of oxycodone. It is a combination of oxycodone with ultralow-dose naltrexone, an opioid antagonist."]], ["(2-Chloro-4-phenoxyphenyl)(4-(((3R,6S)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)amino)-7h-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)methanone", "C1C[C@H](OC[C@@H]1NC2=NC=NC3=C2C(=CN3)C(=O)C4=C(C=C(C=C4)OC5=CC=CC=C5)Cl)CO", ["Nemtabrutinib is an orally available reversible inhibitor of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK; Bruton agammaglobulinemia tyrosine kinase), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, nemtabrutinib non-covalently binds to and inhibits the activity of both the wild-type and the C481S mutated form of BTK, a resistance mutation in the BTK active site in which cysteine is substituted for serine at residue 481. This prevents the activation of the B-cell antigen receptor (BCR) signaling pathway and BTK-mediated activation of downstream survival pathways. This leads to an inhibition of the growth of malignant B-cells that overexpress BTK. Compared to other BTK inhibitors, nemtabrutinib does not require interaction with the BTK C481 site and inhibits the proliferation of cells harboring the BTK C481S mutation. BTK, a member of the Src-related BTK/Tec family of cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases, is overexpressed or mutated in B-cell malignancies; it plays an important role in the development, activation, signaling, proliferation and survival of B-lymphocytes."]], ["(alphaR)-6-[5-chloro-2-[(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)amino]-4-pyrimidinyl]-N-[(1S)-1-(3-fluoro-5-methoxyphenyl)-2-hydroxyethyl]-1,3-dihydro-alpha-methyl-1-oxo-2H-isoindole-2-acetamide", "C[C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](CO)C1=CC(=CC(=C1)F)OC)N2CC3=C(C2=O)C=C(C=C3)C4=NC(=NC=C4Cl)NC5CCOCC5", ["ERK 1/2 Inhibitor ASTX029 is an orally bioavailable inhibitor of the extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) 1 and 2, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, ASTX029 specifically binds to and inhibits both ERK 1 and 2, thereby preventing the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/ERK-mediated signal transduction pathways. This results in the inhibition of ERK-dependent tumor cell proliferation and survival. The MAPK/ERK pathway is often upregulated in a variety of tumor cell types and plays a key role in the proliferation, differentiation and survival of tumor cells."]], ["Pralsetinib", "CC1=CC(=NN1)NC2=NC(=NC(=C2)C)C3CCC(CC3)(C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C4=CN=C(C=C4)N5C=C(C=N5)F)OC", ["Pralsetinib is a Kinase Inhibitor. The mechanism of action of pralsetinib is as a Rearranged during Transfection (RET) Inhibitor.", "Pralsetinib is an orally bioavailable selective inhibitor of mutant forms of and fusion products involving the proto-oncogene receptor tyrosine kinase RET, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, pralsetinib binds to and targets various RET mutants and RET-containing fusion product. RET gene mutations and translocations result in the upregulation and/or activation of RET tyrosine kinase activity in various cancer cell types; dysregulation of RET activity plays a key role in the development and regression of these cancers."]], ["Selitrectinib", "C[C@@H]1CCC2=C(C=C(C=N2)F)[C@H]3CCCN3C4=NC5=C(C=NN5C=C4)C(=O)N1", ["Selitrectinib is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03215511 (Phase 1/2 Study of LOXO-195 in Patients With Previously Treated NTRK Fusion Cancers).", "Selitrectinib is an orally bioavailable, selective tropomyosin-related-kinase (tyrosine receptor kinase; TRK) inhibitor, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, LOXO-195 specifically targets and binds to TRK, including the fusion proteins containing sequences from neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase (NTRK) types 1 (NTRK1), 2 (NTRK2), and 3 (NTRK3).  This prevents neurotrophin-TRK interaction and TRK activation, which results in both the induction of cellular apoptosis and the inhibition of cell growth in tumors that overexpress TRK and/or express NTRK fusion proteins. LOXO-195 targets specific point mutations that occur after treatment with and result in acquired resistance to another TRK inhibitor; therefore, LOXO-195 is able to overcome acquired resistance to other TRK inhibitors. TRK, a family of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) activated by neurotrophins, is encoded by NTRK family genes. The expression of either mutated forms of or fusion proteins involving NTRK family members results in uncontrolled TRK signaling and plays an important role in tumor cell growth and survival."]], ["Zotatifin", "CN(C)C[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@]2([C@@]([C@@H]1O)(C3=C(N=C(C=C3O2)OC)OC)O)C4=CC=C(C=C4)C#N)C5=CC=CC=C5", ["Zotatifin is under investigation in clinical trial NCT04092673 (Study of Eft226 in Subjects With Selected Advanced Solid Tumor Malignancies).", "Zotatifin is a selective inhibitor of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4A (eIF4A), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration of zotatifin, this agent targets and binds to elF4A, and promotes eIF4A binding to mRNA with specific polypurine motifs within their 5'-untranslated region (5'-UTR), leading to the formation of a stable sequence-specific ternary complex with eIF4A and mRNA (elF4A- zotatifin-mRNA). This results in the translational repression of key oncogenes and anti-apoptotic proteins involved in tumor cell proliferation, survival and metastasis, such as KRAS, Myc, myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl-1), B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4 and 6, cyclin D, fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) 1 and 2, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2; ERBB2), and beta-catenin. The inhibition of the expression of these oncogenes leads to the inhibition of various oncogenic signal transduction pathways. This inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in tumor cells. eIF4A, a RNA helicase and the rate-limiting component of the eukaryotic translation initiation complex, catalyzes the ATP-dependent unwinding of RNA duplexes and facilitates 43S ribosome scanning within the 5'-UTR. elF4A is activated by various oncogenic signaling pathways, including RAS/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathways, and regulates the translation of oncogenes and tumor survival factors with complex secondary structures within the 5'-UTRs that are required for tumor cell proliferation, survival and metastasis."]], ["Rintodestrant", "CC1=CC(=CC(=C1C(=O)C2=C(C3=C(S2)C=C(C=C3)O)OC4=CC=C(C=C4)/C=C/C(=O)O)C)F", ["Rintodestrant is an orally available selective estrogen receptor degrader/downregulator (SERD), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, rintodestrant specifically targets and binds to the estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha; ERa; ESR1) and induces a conformational change that promotes ERalpha degradation and downregulation. This prevents ERalpha-mediated signaling and inhibits both the growth and survival of ERalpha-expressing cancer cells."]], ["Enpatoran", "C1[C@@H](CN(C[C@@H]1N)C2=C3C=CC=NC3=C(C=C2)C#N)C(F)(F)F", ["Enpatoran is an orally bioavailable toll-like receptor type 7 and 8 (TLR 7/8) dual antagonist, with potential anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating activities. Upon oral administration, enpatoran binds to and inhibits the activity of TLR7 and 8, thereby inhibiting TLR7/8-mediated pathways. This may inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and block the activation of immune responses. TLR7 and 8, members of the TLR family, play fundamental roles in the activation of the innate immune system, myeloid cell responses and tumor antigen presentation."]], ["(1R,5R)-2-[2-amino-2-[(7R)-3-hydroxy-1-adamantyl]acetyl]-2-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-3-carbonitrile", "C1[C@H]2[C@@H]1N(C(C2)C#N)C(=O)C(C34C[C@H]5CC(C3)CC(C5)(C4)O)N", ["Saxagliptin is a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor which is used in combination with diet and exercise in the therapy of type 2 diabetes, either alone or in combination with other oral hypoglycemic agents. Saxagliptin is a relatively new medication and has yet to be implicated in causing clinically apparent liver injury.", "Saxagliptin is a potent, selective and competitive, cyanopyrrolidine-based, orally bioavailable inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4), with hypoglycemic activity. Saxagliptin is metabolized into an, although less potent, active mono-hydroxy metabolite."]], ["(1R,9S,12S,13S,14R,17S,18E,21R,23S,24R,25S,27R)-12-[(E)-1-[(1R,3R,4S)-4-chloro-3-methoxycyclohexyl]prop-1-en-2-yl]-17-ethyl-1,14-dihydroxy-23,25-dimethoxy-13,19,21,27-tetramethyl-11,28-dioxa-4-azatricyclo[22.3.1.04,9]octacos-18-ene-2,3,10,16-tetrone", "CC[C@H]1/C=C(/C[C@H](C[C@@H]([C@@H]2[C@H](C[C@H]([C@@](O2)(C(=O)C(=O)N3CCCC[C@H]3C(=O)O[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](CC1=O)O)C)/C(=C/[C@@H]4CC[C@@H]([C@@H](C4)OC)Cl)/C)O)C)OC)OC)C)\\C", ["Pimecrolimus is a 33-epi-chloro-derivative of the ascomycin macrolactam with immunosuppressant property. Pimecrolimus binds to the receptor macrophilin-12 (FKBP-12) forming a complex that blocks the calcium-dependent signal transduction cascade mediated by calcineurin. Via dephosphorylation, calcineurin is the enzyme responsible for activating nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NF-AT), a T cell transcriptional regulatory factor. As a consequence, the synthesis and release of Th1- (T helper 1) and Th2- (T helper 2) type cytokines, and other inflammatory mediators from T-cells and mast cells are blocked and the expression of signals essential for the activation of inflammatory T-lymphocytes is inhibited. However, pimecrolimus mode of action is cell-selective and does not affect Langerhans' cells/dendritic cells and primary fibroblasts."]], ["[(1S,4R,6S,7E,18R)-4-(cyclopropylsulfonylcarbamoyl)-14-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxycarbonylamino]-2,15-dioxo-3,16-diazatricyclo[14.3.0.04,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl] 4-fluoro-1,3-dihydroisoindole-2-carboxylate", "CC(C)(C)OC(=O)NC1CCCCC/C=C/[C@@H]2C[C@]2(NC(=O)[C@@H]3C[C@H](CN3C1=O)OC(=O)N4CC5=C(C4)C(=CC=C5)F)C(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C6CC6", ["Danoprevir is an orally bioavailable, peptidomimetic inhibitor of hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS3/4A protease, with antiviral activity against HCV and potential antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2. Upon oral administration, danoprevir binds to and blocks the activity of HCV NS3/4A protease. This prevents the cleavage and processing of HCV viral proteins leading to the inhibition of HCV replication. Danoprevir may also bind to and block of the activity of SARS-CoV-2 protease. This prevents the cleavage and processing of SARS-CoV-2 viral proteins leading to the inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 replication. NS3/4A, a chymotrypsin-like serine protease, is responsible for cleavage at four sites of the HCV polyprotein to form the viral proteins required for HCV replication. It plays a key role in the HCV viral replication process. HCV infection is associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A chymotrypsin-like protease is responsible for cleavage of the SARS-CoV-2 viral polyprotein to form the RNA replicase-transcriptase complex, which plays a key role in the SARS-CoV-2 viral transcription and replication process."]], ["Vanobid", "CCCCC[C@@](C)(C=CC1C(CC(C1CC=CCCCC(=O)O)O)O)O", ["Mixture of antifungal heptaene macrolides from Streptomyces griseus or Actinomyces levoris used topically in candidiasis. The antibiotic complex is composed of candicidins A, B, C, and D, of which D is the major component."]], ["(1S,9R,12R,13S,14R,17S,18E,21R,23R,24S,25R,27S)-1,14-dihydroxy-12-[(E)-1-[(1S,3S,4S)-4-hydroxy-3-methoxycyclohexyl]prop-1-en-2-yl]-23,25-dimethoxy-13,19,21,27-tetramethyl-17-prop-2-enyl-11,28-dioxa-4-azatricyclo[22.3.1.04,9]octacos-18-ene-2,3,10,16-tetrone", "C[C@H]1C[C@H]([C@H]2[C@@H](C[C@@H]([C@](O2)(C(=O)C(=O)N3CCCC[C@@H]3C(=O)O[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H](CC(=O)[C@H](/C=C(/C1)\\C)CC=C)O)C)/C(=C/[C@H]4CC[C@@H]([C@H](C4)OC)O)/C)O)C)OC)OC", ["A macrolide isolated from the culture broth of a strain of Streptomyces tsukubaensis that has strong immunosuppressive activity in vivo and prevents the activation of T-lymphocytes in response to antigenic or mitogenic stimulation in vitro."]], ["Technetium Tc-99m exametazime", "C[C@H](/C(=N/O)/C)[N-]CC(C)(C)C[N-][C@H](C)/C(=N/[O-])/C.O=[99Tc+3]", ["Technetium Tc-99m exametazime is a radiopharmaceutical sold under the trade name Ceretec used in the detection of altered regional cerebral perfusion in stroke and other cerebrovascular diseases. It can also be used for the labelling of leukocytes to localise intra-abdominal infections and inflammatory bowel disease. Exametazime, also known as hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime or HMPAO, acts as a chelating agent for the Tc-99m radioisotope.", "A gamma-emitting RADIONUCLIDE IMAGING agent used in the evaluation of regional cerebral blood flow and in non-invasive dynamic biodistribution studies and MYOCARDIAL PERFUSION IMAGING. It has also been used to label leukocytes in the investigation of INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES."]], ["CHK1 inhibitor", "C1C[C@H](CN(C1)C2=C(C=CC3=C2C(=CN3)NC(=O)C4CC4)Br)N", ["Chk1 Inhibitor is any agent that inhibits the cell cycle checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1)."]], ["N-[(3S,6S,9S,11S,15S,18R,20R,24S,25S)-21-(2-aminoethylamino)-3-[(1R)-3-amino-1-hydroxypropyl]-6-[(1R,2R)-1,2-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-11,20,25-trihydroxy-15-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-2,5,8,14,17,23-hexaoxo-1,4,7,13,16,22-hexazatricyclo[22.3.0.09,13]heptacosan-18-yl]-10,12-dimethyltetradecanamide", "CCC(C)CC(C)CCCCCCCCC(=O)N[C@@H]1C[C@H](C(NC(=O)[C@@H]2[C@H](CCN2C(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H]3C[C@@H](CN3C(=O)[C@@H](NC1=O)[C@@H](C)O)O)[C@H]([C@@H](C4=CC=C(C=C4)O)O)O)[C@@H](CCN)O)O)NCCN)O", ["Caspofungin is an antimycotic echinocandin lipopeptide, semisynthetically derived from a fermentation product of the fungus Glarea lozoyensis. Caspofungin inhibits 1,3-beta-glucan synthase, resulting in decreased synthesis of beta(1,3)-D-glucan (an essential component of the fungal cell wall), weakening of the fungal cell wall, and fungal cell wall rupture. This agent is active against Aspergillus and Candida species.", "A cyclic lipopeptide echinocandin and beta-(1,3)-D-glucan synthase inhibitor that is used to treat internal or systemic MYCOSES."]], ["N-(3-benzyl-12-ethyl-4,16-dimethyl-2,5,11,14,18,21,24-heptaoxo-19-phenyl-17-oxa-1,4,10,13,20-pentazatricyclo[20.4.0.06,10]hexacosan-15-yl)-3-hydroxypyridine-2-carboxamide;(10R,11R,12Z,17Z,19Z,21S)-21-hydroxy-11,19-dimethyl-10-propan-2-yl-9,26-dioxa-3,15,28-triazatricyclo[23.2.1.03,7]octacosa-1(27),6,12,17,19,25(28)-hexaene-2,8,14,23-tetrone", "CCC1C(=O)N2CCCC2C(=O)N(C(C(=O)N3CCC(=O)CC3C(=O)NC(C(=O)OC(C(C(=O)N1)NC(=O)C4=C(C=CC=N4)O)C)C5=CC=CC=C5)CC6=CC=CC=C6)C.C[C@@H]1/C=C\\C(=O)NC/C=C\\C(=C/[C@H](CC(=O)CC2=NC(=CO2)C(=O)N3CCC=C3C(=O)O[C@@H]1C(C)C)O)\\C", ["An antibiotic mixture originally isolated from Streptomyces pristinaspiralis. It is a mixture of compounds from STREPTOGRAMIN GROUP A: pristinamycin IIA and IIB and from STREPTOGRAMIN GROUP B: pristinamycin IA, pristinamycin IB, pristinamycin IC."]], ["1-Hydroxypyridine-2-thione;1-oxidopyridin-1-ium-2-thiolate;ZINC", "C1=CC=[N+](C(=C1)[S-])[O-].C1=CC(=S)N(C=C1)O.[Zn]", ["Zinc pyrithione is a fine beige granules. (NTP, 1992)"]], ["2-[2-[2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl-(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl-(carboxymethyl)amino]-3-phenylmethoxypropanoic acid;gadolinium;(2R,3R,4R,5S)-6-(methylamino)hexane-1,2,3,4,5-pentol", "CNC[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](CO)O)O)O)O.CNC[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](CO)O)O)O)O.C1=CC=C(C=C1)COCC(C(=O)O)N(CCN(CCN(CC(=O)O)CC(=O)O)CC(=O)O)CC(=O)O.[Gd]", ["Gadobenate Dimeglumine is a gadolinium-based paramagnetic contrast agent. When placed in a magnetic field, gadobenate dimeglumine produces a large magnetic moment and so a large local magnetic field, which can enhance the relaxation rate of nearby protons; as a result, the signal intensity of tissue images observed with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be enhanced. Because this agent is preferentially taken up by normal functioning hepatocytes, normal hepatic tissue is enhanced with MRI while tumor tissue is unenhanced. In addition, because gadobenate dimeglumine is excreted in the bile, it may be used to visualize the biliary system using MRI."]], ["trisodium;2-[[(2R)-2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]-3-[(4,4-diphenylcyclohexyl)oxy-oxidophosphoryl]oxypropyl]-[2-[carboxylatomethyl(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl]amino]acetate;gadolinium", "C1CC(CCC1OP(=O)([O-])OC[C@@H](CN(CCN(CC(=O)O)CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])N(CC(=O)O)CC(=O)O)(C2=CC=CC=C2)C3=CC=CC=C3.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Gd]", ["Gadofosveset is an injectable, intravascular, amphiphilic gadolinium-based contrast agent (GBCA) used with magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) imaging. Gadofosveset is a stable gadolinium diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA) chelate derivative with a diphenylcyclohexylphosphate group. Upon injection, gadofosveset binds reversibly to endogenous serum albumin which increases its intravascular retention time compared to non-protein binding contrast agents. The serum albumin binding also increases T1-relaxivity of gadofosveset. This produces an increase in signal intensity of blood, thereby enhancing the visualization of blood vessels upon MRA and may aid in the diagnosis of certain blood vessels and heart disorders."]], ["Sodium;gold;4-hydroxy-4-oxo-2-sulfanylbutanoate;2-sulfanylbutanedioic acid", "C(C(C(=O)O)S)C(=O)O.C(C(C(=O)[O-])S)C(=O)O.[Na+].[Au]", ["Gold Sodium Thiomalate is the sodium salt of gold thiomalic acid, an organogold compound with antirheumatic and potential antineoplastic activities. Gold sodium thiomalate (GST) appears to inhibit the activity of atypical protein kinase C iota (PKCiota) by forming a cysteinyl-aurothiomalate adduct with the cysteine residue Cys-69 within the PB1 binding domain of PKCiota. This prevents the binding of Par6 (Partitioning defective protein 6) to PKCiota, thereby inhibiting PKCiota-mediated oncogenic signaling, which may result in the inhibition of tumor cell proliferation, the promotion of tumor cell differentiation, and the induction of tumor cell apoptosis. Atypical PKCiota, a serine/threonine kinase overexpressed in numerous cancer cell types, plays an important role in cancer proliferation, invasion, and survival; Par6 is a scaffold protein that facilitates atypical PKC-mediated phosphorylation of cytoplasmic proteins involved in epithelial and neuronal cell polarization.", "A variable mixture of the mono- and disodium salts of gold thiomalic acid used mainly for its anti-inflammatory action in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. It is most effective in active progressive rheumatoid arthritis and of little or no value in the presence of extensive deformities or in the treatment of other forms of arthritis."]], ["Imisopasem-manganese", "C1CC[C@@H]2[C@@H](C1)[N-]CC[N-][C@@H]3CCCC[C@H]3[N-]CC4=CC=CC(=N4)C[N-]2.Cl[Mn]Cl", ["M40403 is a low molecular weight, synthetic manganese containing superoxide dismutase mimetic (SODm) that selectively removes superoxide anion."]], ["No-ursodeoxycholic acid", "C[C@H](CCC(=O)OC1=C(C=C(C=C1)/C=C/C(=O)OCCCCO[N+](=O)[O-])OC)[C@H]2CC[C@@H]3[C@@]2(CC[C@H]4[C@H]3[C@H](C[C@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@H](C5)O)C)O)C", ["NCX-1000 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT00414869 (Preliminary Efficacy and Tolerability of NCX-1000 After Repeated Oral Doses in Patients With Elevated Portal Pressure)."]], ["(2S,4R)-N-[2-hydroxy-1-[(3R,4S,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methylsulfanyloxan-2-yl]propyl]-1-methyl-4-propylpyrrolidine-2-carboxamide;hydrochloride", "CCC[C@@H]1C[C@H](N(C1)C)C(=O)NC(C2[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](C(O2)SC)O)O)O)C(C)O.Cl", ["Lincomycin Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of lincomycin, a lincosamide antibiotic originally identified in actinomycete Streptomyces lincolnensis with activity against gram-positive cocci and anaerobic bacteria.", "An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces lincolnensis var. lincolnensis. It has been used in the treatment of staphylococcal, streptococcal, and Bacteroides fragilis infections."]], ["(2S,3S,4S,5R)-4-[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-5-[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroxyhexanoic acid;iron;hydroxide;dihydrate", "C([C@@H]1[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](O1)O[C@@H]2[C@H](O[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]2O)O)O[C@@H]3[C@H](O[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]3O)O)O[C@@H]([C@@H](CO)O)[C@H]([C@@H](C(=O)O)O)O)CO)CO)O)O)O)O.O.O.[OH-].[Fe]", ["Ferric Carboxymaltose is an iron replacement product and chemically, an iron carbohydrate complex. FDA approved on July 25, 2013."]], ["N-[(E)-[1-[(2R,4R)-4-[(2R,4S,5S,6S)-4-amino-5-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-2,5,12-trihydroxy-7-methoxy-6,11-dioxo-3,4-dihydro-1H-tetracen-2-yl]-2-hydroxyethylidene]amino]-6-(2,5-dioxopyrrol-1-yl)hexanamide", "C[C@H]1[C@H]([C@H](C[C@@H](O1)O[C@@H]2C[C@](CC3=C2C(=C4C(=C3O)C(=O)C5=C(C4=O)C(=CC=C5)OC)O)(/C(=N/NC(=O)CCCCCN6C(=O)C=CC6=O)/CO)O)N)O", ["Aldoxorubicin is a 6-maleimidocaproyl hydrazone derivative prodrug of the anthracycline antibiotic doxorubicin (DOXO-EMCH) with antineoplastic activity. Following intravenous administration, aldoxorubicin binds selectively to the cysteine-34 position of albumin via its maleimide moiety. Doxorubicin is released from the albumin carrier after cleavage of the acid-sensitive hydrazone linker within the acidic environment of tumors and, once located intracellularly, intercalates DNA, inhibits DNA synthesis, and induces apoptosis. Albumin tends to accumulate in solid tumors as a result of high metabolic turnover, rapid angiogenesis, hypervasculature, and impaired lymphatic drainage. Because of passive accumulation within tumors, this agent may improve the therapeutic effects of doxorubicin while minimizing systemic toxicity."]], ["Sodium;gold;4-hydroxy-4-oxo-3-sulfanylbutanoate;2-sulfanylbutanedioic acid", "C(C(C(=O)O)S)C(=O)O.C(C(C(=O)O)S)C(=O)[O-].[Na+].[Au]", ["Gold Sodium Thiomalate is the sodium salt of gold thiomalic acid, an organogold compound with antirheumatic and potential antineoplastic activities. Gold sodium thiomalate (GST) appears to inhibit the activity of atypical protein kinase C iota (PKCiota) by forming a cysteinyl-aurothiomalate adduct with the cysteine residue Cys-69 within the PB1 binding domain of PKCiota. This prevents the binding of Par6 (Partitioning defective protein 6) to PKCiota, thereby inhibiting PKCiota-mediated oncogenic signaling, which may result in the inhibition of tumor cell proliferation, the promotion of tumor cell differentiation, and the induction of tumor cell apoptosis. Atypical PKCiota, a serine/threonine kinase overexpressed in numerous cancer cell types, plays an important role in cancer proliferation, invasion, and survival; Par6 is a scaffold protein that facilitates atypical PKC-mediated phosphorylation of cytoplasmic proteins involved in epithelial and neuronal cell polarization.", "A variable mixture of the mono- and disodium salts of gold thiomalic acid used mainly for its anti-inflammatory action in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. It is most effective in active progressive rheumatoid arthritis and of little or no value in the presence of extensive deformities or in the treatment of other forms of arthritis."]], ["(7S,9S)-7-[(2R,4S,5S,6S)-4-amino-6-methyl-5-(oxan-2-yloxy)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6,9,11-trihydroxy-9-(2-hydroxyacetyl)-4-methoxy-8,10-dihydro-7H-tetracene-5,12-dione;hydrochloride", "C[C@H]1[C@H]([C@H](C[C@@H](O1)O[C@H]2C[C@@](CC3=C2C(=C4C(=C3O)C(=O)C5=C(C4=O)C(=CC=C5)OC)O)(C(=O)CO)O)N)OC6CCCCO6.Cl", ["Pirarubicin Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of pirarubicin, an analogue of the anthracycline antineoplastic antibiotic doxorubicin with antineoplastic activity. Pirarubicin intercalates into DNA and interacts with topoisomerase II, thereby inhibiting DNA replication and repair as well as RNA and protein synthesis. This agent is less cardiotoxic than doxorubicin and exhibits activity against some doxorubicin-resistant cell lines."]], ["(3s-trans)-3-[(1,3-Benzodioxol-5-yloxy)methyl]-4-(4-fluorophenyl) piperidinium chloride hemihydrate", "C1C[NH2+]C[C@H]([C@@H]1C2=CC=C(C=C2)F)COC3=CC4=C(C=C3)OCO4.C1C[NH2+]C[C@H]([C@@H]1C2=CC=C(C=C2)F)COC3=CC4=C(C=C3)OCO4.O.[Cl-].[Cl-]", ["A serotonin uptake inhibitor that is effective in the treatment of depression."]], ["(1S,2S,3S,4R)-3-[(1S)-1-acetamido-2-ethylbutyl]-4-(diaminomethylideneamino)-2-hydroxycyclopentane-1-carboxylic acid;hydrate", "CCC(CC)[C@@H]([C@H]1[C@@H](C[C@@H]([C@H]1O)C(=O)O)N=C(N)N)NC(=O)C.O", ["Peramivir is an inhibitor of the influenza neuraminidase enzyme and is used as therapy of acute symptomatic influenza A and B. Peramivir has not been associated with serum enzyme elevations during therapy or with clinically apparent liver injury.", "Peramivir is a cyclopentane derivative with activity against influenza A and B viruses. Peramivir is a neuraminidase inhibitor which prevents normal processing of virus particles such that virus particles are not released from infected cells."]], ["Somapacitan", "C(CCCCCCCC1=NNN=N1)CCCCCCCC(=O)NS(=O)(=O)CCCC(=O)NCCOCCOCC(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)NCCOCCOCC(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCNC(=O)CSC[C@@H](C(=O)O)N)C(=O)N)C(=O)O)C(=O)O", ["Somapacitan, also known as NNC0195-0092, is a growth hormone analog indicated to treat adults with growth hormone deficiency. This human growth hormone analog differs by the creation of an albumin binding site, and prolonging the effect so that it requires weekly dosing rather than daily.  Somapacitan was granted FDA approval on 28 August 2020."]], ["(1S,7Z,16E,21R)-7-ethylidene-21-isopropyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-2-oxa-12,13-dithia-5,8,20,23-tetrazabicyclo[8.7.6]tricos-16-ene-3,6,9,19,22-pentone", "C/C=C\\1/C(=O)NC(C(=O)O[C@H]\\2CC(=O)N[C@@H](C(=O)NC(CSSCC/C=C2)C(=O)N1)C(C)C)C(C)C", ["Romidepsin is a drug that has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) under the brand name Istodax for the treatment of a certain type of cancer. Romidepsin is also being studied as an investigational drug as part of a strategy to cure HIV infection.As an HIV investigational drug, romidepsin belongs to a group of drugs called latency-reversing agents.", "Romidepsin is an intravenously administered histone deacetylase inhibitor and antineoplastic agent that is approved for use in refractory or relapsed cutaneous and peripheral T cell lymphomas. Romidepsin is associated with modest rate of minor serum enzyme elevations during therapy but has not been linked to cases of clinically apparent liver injury, although it has been reported to cause reactivation of hepatitis B."]], ["Quemliclustat", "C[C@@H](C1=CC=CC=C1F)NC2=CC(=NC3=C2C=NN3[C@H]4[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O4)COP(=O)(CP(=O)(O)O)O)O)O)Cl", ["Quemliclustat is a small molecule, competitive inhibitor of the ectoenzyme CD73 (cluster of differentiation 73; 5'-ecto-nucleotidase; 5'-NT; ecto-5'-nucleotidase), with potential immunomodulating and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, quemliclustat targets and binds to CD73, leading to clustering of and internalization of CD73. This prevents CD73-mediated conversion of adenosine monophosphate (AMP) to adenosine and decreases the amount of free adenosine in the tumor microenvironment (TME). This prevents adenosine-mediated lymphocyte suppression and increases the activity of CD8-positive effector cells and natural killer (NK) cells. This also activates macrophages and reduces the activity of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and regulatory T-lymphocytes (Tregs). By abrogating the inhibitory effect on the immune system and enhancing the cytotoxic T-cell-mediated immune response against cancer cells, tumor cell growth decreases. In addition, clustering and internalization of CD73 decreases the migration of cancer cells and prevents metastasis. CD73, a plasma membrane protein belonging to the 5'-nucleotidase (NTase) family, upregulated on a number of cancer cell types, catalyzes the conversion of extracellular nucleotides, such as AMP, to membrane-permeable nucleosides, such as adenosine; it plays a key role in adenosine-mediated immunosuppression within the TME."]], ["5-(8-Oxo-5-(6-(piperidin-4-yloxy)pyridin-3-yl)-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile", "C1CC2(C1)C(=O)N(C(=S)N2C3=CN=C(C=C3)OC4CCNCC4)C5=CC(=C(N=C5)C#N)C(F)(F)F", ["Androgen Receptor Antagonist TRC253 is an orally bioavailable androgen receptor (AR) antagonist, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, AR antagonist TRC253 specifically binds to both wild-type and certain mutant forms of AR, thereby preventing androgen-induced receptor activation and facilitating the formation of inactive complexes that cannot translocate to the nucleus. This prevents binding to and transcription of AR-responsive genes, inhibits the expression of genes that regulate prostate cancer cell proliferation, and may lead to an inhibition of growth of tumor cells in which AR is overexpressed and/or mutated. AR is often overexpressed and/or mutated in prostate cancers and plays a key role in proliferation, survival and chemoresistance of tumor cells."]], ["Amcenestrant", "C1CC2=C(C=CC(=C2)C(=O)O)C(=C(C1)C3=C(C=C(C=C3)Cl)Cl)C4=CC=C(C=C4)O[C@H]5CCN(C5)CCCF", ["Amcenestrant is an orally available, nonsteroidal selective estrogen receptor degrader/downregulator (SERD), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, amcenestrant specifically targets and binds to the estrogen receptor (ER) and induces a conformational change that promotes ER degradation. This prevents ER-mediated signaling and inhibits both the growth and survival of ER-expressing cancer cells."]], ["Eclitasertib", "CN1C(=O)[C@H](COC2=C1N=CC=C2)NC(=O)C3=NNC(=N3)CC4=CC=CC=C4", ["Eclitasertib is an orally bioavailable, small-molecule inhibitor of receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 (RIPK1; receptor-interacting protein 1; RIP1), with potential anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities. Upon oral administration, eclitasertib disrupts RIPK1-mediated signaling, and may attenuate inflammation and the resulting tissue damage. RIPK1, a signaling protein in the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor pathway, plays a key role in inflammation and cell death in response to tissue damage and pathogen recognition."]], ["U2UY9Tbq8Z", "C1C[C@@H](CNC1)NC(=O)C2=C(C=C(S2)C#CC3=CC(=CC=C3)F)NC(=O)N", ["Chk2 Inhibitor PHI-101 is an orally bioavailable inhibitor of checkpoint kinase 2 (chk2), with potential antineoplastic and chemopotentiating activities. Upon oral administration, Chk2 inhibitor PHI-101 binds to and inhibits the activity of chk2, which may prevent the repair of DNA damage caused by DNA-damaging agents. This may result in tumor cell apoptosis and potentiate the antitumor efficacies of various chemotherapeutic agents. Chk2, an ATP-dependent serine-threonine kinase, is a key component in the DNA replication-monitoring checkpoint system and is activated by double-stranded breaks (DSBs); activated chk2 is overexpressed by a variety of cancer cell types."]], ["Befotertinib", "CN(C)CCN(C)C1=CC(=C(C=C1NC(=O)C=C)NC2=NC=CC(=N2)C3=CN(C4=CC=CC=C43)CC(F)(F)F)OC", ["Befotertinib is an orally available inhibitor of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutant form T790M, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, befotertinib specifically binds to and inhibits EGFR T790M, a secondarily acquired resistance mutation, which prevents EGFR-mediated signaling and leads to cell death in EGFR T790M-expressing tumor cells. Compared to some other EGFR inhibitors, befotertinib may have therapeutic benefits in tumors with T790M-mediated drug resistance. EGFR, a receptor tyrosine kinase that is mutated in many tumor cell types, plays a key role in tumor cell proliferation and tumor vascularization."]], ["[(1S,5S)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl] 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate;sulfuric acid", "CN1[C@H]2CC[C@H]1CC(C2)OC(=O)C(CO)C3=CC=CC=C3.CN1[C@H]2CC[C@H]1CC(C2)OC(=O)C(CO)C3=CC=CC=C3.OS(=O)(=O)O", ["Atropine Sulfate is the sulfate salt of atropine, a naturally-occurring alkaloid isolated from the plant Atropa belladonna.  Atropine functions as a sympathetic, competitive antagonist of muscarinic cholinergic receptors, thereby abolishing the effects of parasympathetic stimulation.  This agent may induce tachycardia, inhibit secretions, and relax smooth muscles. (NCI04)", "An alkaloid, originally from Atropa belladonna, but found in other plants, mainly SOLANACEAE. Hyoscyamine is the 3(S)-endo isomer of atropine."]], ["Avitinib (maleate)", "CN1CCN(CC1)C2=C(C=C(C=C2)NC3=NC4=C(C=CN4)C(=N3)OC5=CC=CC(=C5)NC(=O)C=C)F.C(=CC(=O)O)C(=O)O", ["Abivertinib Maleate is the maleate salt form of abivertinib, an orally available, irreversible, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutant-selective inhibitor, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, abivertinib covalently binds to and inhibits the activity of mutant forms of EGFR, including the drug-resistant T790M EGFR mutant, which prevents signaling mediated by mutant forms of EGFR. This may both induce cell death and inhibit tumor growth in EGFR-mutated tumor cells. EGFR, a receptor tyrosine kinase that is mutated in a variety of cancers, plays a key role in tumor cell proliferation and tumor vascularization. As this agent is selective towards mutant forms of EGFR, its toxicity profile may be reduced when compared to non-selective EGFR inhibitors, which also inhibit wild-type EGFR."]], ["2H-1-Benzopyran-4-carboxylic acid, 6-chloro-7-(4-(((2-(4-chloro-2-methoxyphenyl)ethyl)amino)carbonyl)phenoxy)-3,4-dihydro-, (4S)-", "COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)Cl)CCNC(=O)C2=CC=C(C=C2)OC3=C(C=C4[C@H](CCOC4=C3)C(=O)O)Cl", ["ARRY-502 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01561690 (A Study of ARRY-502 in Patients With Persistent Asthma)."]], ["68Ga-DOTATATE", "C[C@H]([C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](CSSC[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N1)CCCCN)CC2=CNC3=CC=CC=C32)CC4=CC=C(C=C4)O)NC(=O)[C@@H](CC5=CC=CC=C5)NC(=O)CN6CCN(CCN(CCN(CC6)CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)O)O.[68Ga+3]", ["Dotatate gallium ga-68 is a Radioactive Diagnostic Agent. The mechanism of action of dotatate gallium ga-68 is as a Positron Emitting Activity.", "Gallium Ga 68-DOTATATE is a radioconjugate consisting of the somatostatin analogue tyrosine-3-octreotate (Tyr3-octreotate or TATE) labeled with the positron emission tomography (PET) tracer gallium Ga 68 via the macrocyclic chelating agent dodecanetetraacetic acid (DOTA), which may be used as a somatostatin receptor (SSTR) imaging agent in conjunction with PET to image neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). Gallium Ga 68-DOTATATE binds to SSTRs, with a much higher affinity for type 2 SSTR, present on the cell membranes of many types of NETs. This allows for visualization of SSTR-positive cells upon imaging. SSTR subtypes have been shown to be present in large numbers on NETs and their metastases, while most other normal tissues express low levels of SSTR subtypes."]], ["Avasopasem manganese dipropionate", "CCC(=O)[O-].CCC(=O)[O-].C1CC[C@H]2[C@H](C1)NCCN[C@H]3CCCC[C@@H]3NCC4=CC=CC(=N4)CN2.[Mn+2]", ["Rucosopasem Manganese is a mimetic of the enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) that may potentially be used to increase the anti-cancer efficacy of stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). Upon administration, rucosopasem manganese may mimic native SODs and catalyze the formation of molecular oxygen and hydrogen peroxide from the burst of superoxide anion present in the irradiated tissues upon radiation. As hydrogen peroxide is less toxic than superoxide to normal tissues, but more toxic to cancer cells, this may increase the anti-cancer efficacy of SBRT and decrease its damage to normal tissues."]], ["Unii-E3T5xxy9HX", "CC1=C2C(=NN1C)CSCC3=NN(C(=C3)CSC4=CC5=CC=CC=C5C(=C4)OCCCC6=C(N(C7=C6C=CC(=C27)Cl)C)C(=O)O)C", ["AZD-5991 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03218683 (Study of AZD5991 in Relapsed or Refractory Haematologic Malignancies.).", "Mcl-1 Inhibitor AZD5991 is an inhibitor of induced myeloid leukemia cell differentiation protein (myeloid cell leukemia-1; Mcl-1; Bcl2-L-3), with potential pro-apoptotic and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, AZD5991 binds to Mcl-1, thereby preventing the binding of Mcl-1 to and inactivation of certain pro-apoptotic proteins, and promoting apoptosis of cells overexpressing Mcl-1. Mcl-1, an anti-apoptotic protein belonging to the Bcl-2 family of proteins, is upregulated in cancer cells and promotes tumor cell survival."]], ["[2-[2-[2-[[6-amino-2-[3-amino-1-[(2,3-diamino-3-oxopropyl)amino]-3-oxopropyl]-5-methylpyrimidine-4-carbonyl]amino]-3-[[5-[[1-[2-[4-[4-(3-dimethylsulfoniopropylcarbamoyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]ethylamino]-3-hydroxy-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-3-hydroxy-4-methyl-5-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-1-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)-3-oxopropoxy]-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]oxymethanimidate;sulfuric acid", "CC1=C(N=C(N=C1N)C(CC(=O)N)NCC(C(=O)N)N)C(=O)NC(C(C2=CN=CN2)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)OC(=N)[O-])O)C(=O)NC(C)C(C(C)C(=O)NC(C(C)O)C(=O)NCCC5=NC(=CS5)C6=NC(=CS6)C(=O)NCCC[S+](C)C)O.OS(=O)(=O)O", ["Bleomycin Sulfate is a mixture of the sulfate salts of basic glycopeptide antineoplastic antibiotics isolated from Streptomyces verticillus. Bleomycin sulfate forms complexes with iron that reduce molecular oxygen to superoxide and hydroxyl radicals which cause single- and double-stranded breaks in DNA; these reactive oxygen species also induce lipid peroxidation, carbohydrate oxidation, and alterations in prostaglandin synthesis and degradation.", "A complex of related glycopeptide antibiotics from Streptomyces verticillus consisting of bleomycin A2 and B2. It inhibits DNA metabolism and is used as an antineoplastic, especially for solid tumors."]], ["N-[(3S,6S,12R,15S,16R,19S,22S)-3-benzyl-12-ethyl-4,16-dimethyl-2,5,11,14,18,21,24-heptaoxo-19-phenyl-17-oxa-1,4,10,13,20-pentazatricyclo[20.4.0.06,10]hexacosan-15-yl]-3-hydroxypyridine-2-carboxamide;(10R,11R,21S)-21-hydroxy-11,19-dimethyl-10-propan-2-yl-9,26-dioxa-3,15,28-triazatricyclo[23.2.1.03,7]octacosa-1(27),6,12,17,19,25(28)-hexaene-2,8,14,23-tetrone", "CC[C@@H]1C(=O)N2CCC[C@H]2C(=O)N([C@H](C(=O)N3CCC(=O)C[C@H]3C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)O[C@@H]([C@@H](C(=O)N1)NC(=O)C4=C(C=CC=N4)O)C)C5=CC=CC=C5)CC6=CC=CC=C6)C.C[C@@H]1C=CC(=O)NCC=CC(=C[C@H](CC(=O)CC2=NC(=CO2)C(=O)N3CCC=C3C(=O)O[C@@H]1C(C)C)O)C", ["An antibiotic mixture originally isolated from Streptomyces pristinaspiralis. It is a mixture of compounds from STREPTOGRAMIN GROUP A: pristinamycin IIA and IIB and from STREPTOGRAMIN GROUP B: pristinamycin IA, pristinamycin IB, pristinamycin IC."]], ["(2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6S)-2-[[(4aR,6aR,6bS,8aS,11R,12aR,14aR,14bS)-11-carboxy-4,4,6a,6b,8a,11,14b-heptamethyl-14-oxo-2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14a-dodecahydro-1H-picen-3-yl]oxy]-6-carboxy-4,5-dihydroxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid;azane", "C[C@]12CC[C@@](C[C@H]1C3=CC(=O)[C@@H]4[C@]5(CCC(C([C@@H]5CC[C@]4([C@@]3(CC2)C)C)(C)C)O[C@@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)C(=O)O)O)O)O[C@H]7[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O7)C(=O)O)O)O)O)C)(C)C(=O)O.N.N", ["Diammonium Glycyrrhizinate is the diammonium salt of glycyrrhizin and the active constituent in the traditional Chinese medicinal herb Glycyrrhiza uralensis (Chinese liquorice or Gan-Cao) with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and hepatoprotective properties. Diammonium glycyrrhizinate (DG) is slowly metabolized within the cells into glycyrrhetic acid, which inhibits enzymes that control cortisol metabolism and contributes to this agent's anti-inflammatory effect. Although the exact mechanism of action remains to be fully elucidated, DG may prevent or reduce hepatotoxicity via the scavenging of free radicals. This agent also upregulates the expression of transcription coactivator PGC-1alpha and modulates hepatic enzymes such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), superoxide dismutase and glutathion peroxidase.", "A widely used anti-inflammatory agent isolated from the licorice root. It is metabolized to GLYCYRRHETINIC ACID, which inhibits 11-BETA-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASES and other enzymes involved in the metabolism of CORTICOSTEROIDS. Therefore, glycyrrhizic acid, which is the main and sweet component of licorice, has been investigated for its ability to cause hypermineralocorticoidism with sodium retention and potassium loss, edema, increased blood pressure, as well as depression of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system."]], ["2-[2-[Carboxylatomethyl(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl-[2-[carboxylatomethyl-(1-carboxy-2-phenylmethoxyethyl)amino]ethyl]amino]acetate;gadolinium(3+)", "C1=CC=C(C=C1)COCC(C(=O)O)N(CCN(CCN(CC(=O)O)CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-].[Gd+3]", ["Gadobenate Dimeglumine is a gadolinium-based paramagnetic contrast agent. When placed in a magnetic field, gadobenate dimeglumine produces a large magnetic moment and so a large local magnetic field, which can enhance the relaxation rate of nearby protons; as a result, the signal intensity of tissue images observed with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be enhanced. Because this agent is preferentially taken up by normal functioning hepatocytes, normal hepatic tissue is enhanced with MRI while tumor tissue is unenhanced. In addition, because gadobenate dimeglumine is excreted in the bile, it may be used to visualize the biliary system using MRI."]], ["Gadobenic acid", "C1=CC=C(C=C1)COCC(C(=O)O)N(CCN(CCN(CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)O.[Gd+3]", ["Gadobenic acid (in the form of gadobenate dimeglumine) is an MRI contrast agent used primarily for MR imaging of the liver. It can also be used for visualizing the CNS and heart. In contrast to conventional extracellular fluid contrast agents, gadobenate dimeglumine is characterized by a weak and transient binding capacity to serum proteins. This binding leads to an increased relaxivity of gadobenate dimeglumine and, consequently, to a considerably increased signal intensity over that of other agents."]], ["CID 131704295", "CC[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(=N[C@@H](CC(=N)O)C(=N[C@@H](CCSC)C(=N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=N[C@@H](CCCNC(=N)N)C(=N[C@@H](CCC(=N)O)C(=N[C@@H](CCCNC(=N)N)C(=N[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(C=C1)O)C(=N)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)N=C([C@H](CC2=CC=C(C=C2)O)N=C([C@H](CCCNC(=N)N)N=C([C@H](CCCNC(=N)N)N=C([C@H](CC(C)C)N=C([C@H](CC(=O)O)N=C([C@H](C)N=C([C@H](C)N=C([C@H](CC3=CC=C(C=C3)O)N=C([C@H](CCC(=N)O)N=C([C@H](C)N=C([C@H](CCSC)N=C([C@H](CCC(=N)O)N=C([C@H](CCC(=O)O)N=C([C@@H]4CCCN4C(=O)[C@H]([C@@H](C)O)N=C([C@H](C)N=C([C@H](CC(=N)O)N=C([C@H](CC(=O)O)N=C(CN=C([C@@H]5CCCN5C(=O)[C@H](CC6=CC=C(C=C6)O)N=C([C@H](C(C)C)N=C([C@@H]7CCCN7C(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)O)N=C([C@H](CC(C)C)N=C([C@@H]8CCCN8C(=O)[C@H](C)N)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O", ["Obinepitide is a synthetic analogue of two natural human hormones, PYY and Pancreatic Polypeptide, which normally are released during a meal. These hormones are known to play a role in the regulation of food intake and appetite in man as satiety signal from the GI-tract to the CNS. In obinepitide, the properties of both of these hormones have been implanted into a single molecule."]], ["Holmium-166;[4-(phosphonatomethyl)-7,10-bis(phosphonomethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetrazacyclododec-1-yl]methylphosphonic acid", "C1CN(CCN(CCN(CCN1CP(=O)(O)O)CP(=O)(O)O)CP(=O)([O-])[O-])CP(=O)(O)O.[166Ho]", ["DOTMP HO-166 is used in skeletal targeted radiotherapy (STR). SRT is designed to be used in combination with high-dose chemotherapy producing a direct therapeutic effect on the tumor sites in the bone plus a general bone-marrow effect to destroy myeloma cells in the bone marrow. It is an experimental therapy that is being developed by NeoRx Corporation."]], ["CID 131704298", "CC1=CN(C(=NC1=N)O)C2CC(C(O2)COP(=S)(O)OC3CC(OC3COP(=S)(O)OC4CC(OC4COP(=S)(O)OC5CC(OC5COP(=S)(O)OC6CC(OC6COP(=S)(O)OC7CC(OC7COP(=S)(O)OC8CC(OC8COP(=S)(O)OC9CC(OC9COP(=S)(O)OC1CC(OC1COP(=S)(O)OC1CC(OC1COP(=S)(O)OC1C(OC(C1OCCOC)N1C=NC2=C(N=CN=C21)N)COP(=S)(O)OC1C(OC(C1OCCOC)N1C=NC2=C1NC(=N)N=C2O)COP(=S)(O)OC1C(OC(C1OCCOC)N1C=NC2=C1NC(=N)N=C2O)COP(=S)(O)OC1C(OC(C1OCCOC)N1C=NC2=C1NC(=N)N=C2O)CO)N1C=C(C(=N)N=C1O)C)N1C=NC2=C1NC(=N)N=C2O)N1C=C(C(=N)N=C1O)C)N1C=NC2=C1NC(=N)N=C2O)N1C=NC2=C1NC(=N)N=C2O)N1C=C(C(=N)N=C1O)C)N1C=NC2=C1NC(=N)N=C2O)N1C=C(C(=N)N=C1O)C)N1C=C(C(=NC1=O)O)C)OP(=S)(O)OCC1C(CC(O1)N1C=NC2=C1NC(=N)N=C2O)OP(=S)(O)OCC1C(CC(O1)N1C=NC2=C1NC(=N)N=C2O)OP(=S)(O)OCC1C(C(C(O1)N1C=C(C(=NC1=O)O)C)OCCOC)OP(=S)(O)OCC1C(C(C(O1)N1C=C(C(=N)N=C1O)C)OCCOC)OP(=S)(O)OCC1C(C(C(O1)N1C=NC2=C(N=CN=C21)N)OCCOC)OP(=S)(O)OCC1C(C(C(O1)N1C=C(C(=NC1=O)O)C)OCCOC)O", ["Apatorsen is a second generation antisense drug which in preclinical experiments, inhibits production of Heat Shock Protein 27 (Hsp27) a cell survival protein found at elevated levels in many human cancers including prostate, lung, breast, ovarian, bladder, renal, pancreatic, multiple myeloma and liver cancer."]], ["Manganese(2+) 2-({2-[(carboxylatomethyl)({3-hydroxy-2-methyl-6-[(phosphonooxy)methyl]pyridin-4-yl}methyl)amino]ethyl}({3-hydroxy-2-methyl-6-[(phosphonooxy)methyl]pyridin-4-yl}methyl)amino)acetate", "CC1=C(C(=CC(=N1)COP(=O)(O)O)CN(CCN(CC2=CC(=NC(=C2O)C)COP(=O)(O)O)CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])O.[Mn+2]", ["Mangafodipir is a contrast agent used as a diagnostic tool administered intravenously to enhance contrast in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the liver and pancreas. This drug is made up of paramagnetic manganese (II) ions combined with the chelating agent fodipir (dipyridoxyl diphosphate, DPDP). Manganese absorption into the tissues that makes the normal tissue appear brighter in MRI is limited in abnormal or cancerous tissue. Enhanced contrast by mangafodipir improves visualization and detection of lesions of the liver formed from metastatic disease or hepatocellular carcinomas. The contrast agent is present as mangafodipir trisodium marketed under the name Teslascan. Teslascan has been removed from the Drug Product List by FDA in 2003, and withdrawn from the European market in 2012."]], ["Gadoxetic acid", "CCOC1=CC=C(C=C1)C[C@@H](CN(CCN(CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])N(CC(=O)O)CC(=O)O.[Gd+3]", ["Gadoxetic acid (gadoxetate) is a paramagnetic gadolinium-containing contrast agent in which its salt form, gadoxetate disodium, is used for intravenous injection. Ethoxybenzyl diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid is the moiety that chelates with a gadolinium ion and forms a stable complex with it to make up the drug. It is marketed by Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals and FDA approved on July 3, 2008."]], ["Cis-mdp", "C(P(=O)([O-])[O-])P(=O)([O-])[O-].O.O.[98Tc+4]", ["Technetium (99mTc) medronic acid is a pharmaceutical product used in nuclear medicine imaging. It is composed of a technetium ion complexed with medronic acid, a type of bisphosphonate. Like other bisphosphonates used in the treatment of osteoporosis, medronic acid binds to the hydroxyapatite crystals within bone, and in this way localizes the drug to bone for delineation of areas of altered osteogenesis.  Following intravenous injection, single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) is performed to detect the gamma ray emmitted by the decay of Technetium-99m to Technetium-99.", "Technetium Tc-99m Medronate is a radiopharmaceutical containing methylene diphosphonate (medronate; MDP) complexed with the gamma-emitting radionuclide technetium Tc 99m with radioisotopic activity and hydroxyapatite affinity. Upon intravenous administration, skeletal uptake of technetium Tc 99m methylene diphosphonate occurs as a function of skeletal blood flow and osteogenic activity. The MDP moiety of this agent has affinity for hydroxyapatite crystals in bone with abnormal accumulation at sites with increased osteoid mineralization; labeling of MDP with Tc 99m allows scintigraphic imaging of areas of abnormal osteogenesis associated with malignant bone lesions.", "A gamma-emitting radionuclide imaging agent used primarily in skeletal scintigraphy. Because of its absorption by a variety of tumors, it is useful for the detection of neoplasms."]], ["Technetium Tc-99m tetrofosmin", "CCOCCP(CCOCC)CCP(CCOCC)CCOCC.CCOCCP(CCOCC)CCP(CCOCC)CCOCC.O.O.[98Tc]", ["Technetium Tc-99m tetrofosmin is a drug used in nuclear myocardial perfusion imaging. The radioisotope, technetium-99m, is chelated by two 1,2-bis[di-(2-ethoxyethyl)phosphino]ethane ligands which belong to the group of diphosphines and which are referred to as tetrofosmin. It is a lipophilic technetium phosphine dioxo cation that was formulated into a freeze-dried kit which yields an injection. Technetium Tc-99m tetrofosmin was developed by GE Healthcare and FDA approved on February 9, 1996.", "Technetium Tc-99m Tetrofosmin is a radiopharmaceutical consisting of tetrofosmin, composed of two bidentate diphosphine ligands chelating the metastable radioisotope technetium Tc-99 (99mTc), with potential imaging activity upon SPECT (single photon emission computed tomography). Upon administration, technetium Tc 99m tetrofosmin is preferentially taken up by, and accumulates in, myocardial cells. Upon imaging, myocardial cells can be visualized and changes in ischemia and/or perfusion can be detected."]], ["CID 131704317", "CC[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(=N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=N[C@@H](CC1=CNC2=CC=CC=C21)C(=N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=N[C@@H](CC(=N)O)C(=NCC(=NCC(=O)N3CCC[C@H]3C(=N[C@@H](CO)C(=N[C@@H](CO)C(=NCC(=N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N4CCC[C@H]4C(=O)N5CCC[C@H]5C(=N[C@@H](CO)C(=N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=N)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)N=C([C@H](CC6=CC=CC=C6)N=C([C@H](CC(C)C)N=C([C@H](CCCNC(=N)N)N=C([C@H](C(C)C)N=C([C@H](C)N=C([C@H](CCC(=O)O)N=C([C@H](CCC(=O)O)N=C([C@H](CCC(=O)O)N=C([C@H](CCSC)N=C([C@H](CCC(=N)O)N=C([C@H](CCCCN)N=C([C@H](CO)N=C([C@H](CC(C)C)N=C([C@H](CC(=O)O)N=C([C@H](CO)N=C([C@H]([C@@H](C)O)N=C([C@H](CC7=CC=CC=C7)N=C([C@H]([C@@H](C)O)N=C(CN=C([C@H](CCC(=O)O)N=C(CN=C([C@H](CC8=CN=CN8)N)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O.[V]", ["Lixisenatide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). It is sold under the brand name Adlyxin by Sanofi-Aventis. Adlyxin recieved FDA approval July 28, 2016."]], ["2-[2-[Bis(carboxylatomethyl)amino]ethyl-[2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl]amino]acetate;indium-111(3+)", "C(CN(CC(=O)O)CC(=O)O)N(CCN(CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-].[111In+3]", ["Indium In-111 pentetate disodium is a radioactive diagnostic indicated for use in radionuclide cisternography. Decay of In-111 by electron capture allows for detection with a gamma camera for visualization of the brain and spinal column.", "Indium In 111 Pentetate is a sterile, non-pyrogenic, isotonic solution of radioactive indium In 111 diethylenetriamine pentaacetate (DTPA). When administered intrathecally, indium In 111 pentetate percolates up the spinal canal with the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to the basal cisterns of the posterior and middle cranial fossas. This agent is used in radionuclide cisternography to image the flow of CSF, for the identification of abnormalities in CSF circulation, for location of sites of CSF leakage, and for evaluation of CSF shunt patency. Normally, this agent does not penetrate into the brain ventricles."]], ["Betalutin", "C1CN(CCN(C(CN(CCN1CC(=O)O)CC(=O)O)CC2=CC=C(C=C2)NC(=S)NCCCC[C@@H](C(=O)O)N)CC(=O)O)CC(=O)O", ["Betalutin has been used in trials studying the treatment of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma and Relapsed, Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma."]], ["Fluorine F-18", "[18F]", ["Fluorine-18 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT00870974 (A PET Brain Imaging Study of mGluR5 in Subjects With Neuropsychiatric Conditions)."]], ["Alginate", "C1(C(C(OC(C1OC2C(C(C(C(O2)C(=O)O)P)O)O)C(=O)O)OP)O)O", ["Alginic acid, also referred to as algin or alginate, is a hydrophilic or anionic polysaccharide isolated from certain brown seaweed (Phacophycae) via alkaline extraction. It is present in cell walls of brown algae where it forms a viscous gel when binding with water. Alginic acid is a linear polymer consisted of L-glucuronic acid and D-mannuronic acid residues connected via 1,4-glycosidic linkages. Available in different types of salt, alginic acid has been used in a variety of uses in food, cosmetics and pharmaceu-tical products for over 100 years. Alginic acid is an FDA-approved food ingredient in soup and soup mixes as an emulsifier, thickener, and stabilizer. It is also available in oral dietary supplements and is found in antacids such as Gaviscon to inhibit gastroesophageal reflux by creating a physical barrier in presence of gastric acid. Alginate-based raft-forming formulations in the management of heartburn and gastric acid reflux have been used worldwide for over 30 years.", "Alginate is a natural product found in Sargassum fusiforme with data available.", "Salts and esters of ALGINIC ACID that are used as HYDROGELS; DENTAL IMPRESSION MATERIALS, and as absorbent materials for surgical dressings (BANDAGES, HYDROCOLLOID). They are also used to manufacture MICROSPHERES and NANOPARTICLES for DIAGNOSTIC REAGENT KITS and DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS."]], ["Almasilate", "O.[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-].[Mg+2].[Al+3].[Al+3]", ["Almasilate is a buffering antacid that has been used in peptic ulcers and dyspepsia. It is a crystalline polyhydrate of aluminium/magnesium silicate and mediates its buffering activity by binding hydrogen ions within the polymer. However its therapeutic efficacy is not comparable to other approved antacids, as it is no more effective in neutralizing acid and binding bile salts than other conventional antacids.  Given that there are generally more widely available conventional antacids that are just as - if not more - effective than almasilate, almasilate products are only available in certain parts of Europe and/or Asia."]], ["Technetium Tc 99m Pertechnetate", "O.O.O.O.[98Tc]", ["Technetium Tc-99m pertechnetate is a radiopharmaceutical diagnostic agent composed of an oxoanion with the chemical formula TcO4-. Pertechnetate has a wide variety of uses within nuclear medicine as it distributes within the body to a similar extent as iodine. It also concentrates in the thyroid gland, salivary glands, gastric mucosa, and choroid plexus. However, in contrast to the iodide ion, the pertechnetate ion is released unchanged from the thyroid gland. Currently marketed as the product Drytec, technetium-99m pertechnetate is indicated for imaging of the following tissues:  thyroid, salivary gland, urinary bladder (for detection of vesico-ureteral reflux), and the nasolacrimal drainage system.  Technetium-99m's short half life (6 hours) makes storage impossible, therefore it is supplied as its parent nuclide molybdenum-99, which spontaneously decays to technetium-99 through beta decay. This is normally supplied in a hospital setting through the use of a technetium-99m generator, whereby technetium exits the generator in the form of the pertechnetate ion, TcO4\u2212, which can be extracted and promptly used for clinical diagnostics. Following intravenous injection, single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) is performed to detect the gamma ray emmitted by the decay of Technetium-99m to Technetium-99.", "A gamma-emitting radionuclide imaging agent used for the diagnosis of diseases in many tissues, particularly in the gastrointestinal system, cardiovascular and cerebral circulation, brain, thyroid, and joints."]], ["cobalt(3+);[(2R,3S,4R,5S)-5-(5,6-dimethylbenzimidazol-1-yl)-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl] [(2S)-1-[3-[(1R,2R,3R,5Z,7S,9Z,12S,13S,14Z,17S,18S,19R)-2,13,18-tris(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-7,12,17-tris(3-amino-3-oxopropyl)-3,5,8,8,13,15,18,19-octamethyl-2,7,12,17-tetrahydro-1H-corrin-22-id-3-yl]propanoylamino]propan-2-yl] phosphate;cyanide", "CC1=CC2=C(C=C1C)N(C=N2)[C@@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O3)CO)OP(=O)([O-])O[C@@H](C)CNC(=O)CC[C@@]4([C@H]([C@@H]5[C@]6([C@@]([C@@H](C(=N6)/C(=C\\7/[C@@]([C@@H](C(=N7)/C=C\\8/C([C@@H](/C(=C(/C4=N5)\\C)/[N-]8)CCC(=O)N)(C)C)CCC(=O)N)(C)CC(=O)N)/C)CCC(=O)N)(C)CC(=O)N)C)CC(=O)N)C)O.[C-]#N.[Co+3]", ["vitamin B12 is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).", "A cobalt-containing coordination compound produced by intestinal micro-organisms and found also in soil and water. Higher plants do not concentrate vitamin B 12 from the soil and so are a poor source of the substance as compared with animal tissues. INTRINSIC FACTOR is important for the assimilation of vitamin B 12."]], ["carbanide;cobalt(3+);[(2R,3S,4R,5S)-5-(5,6-dimethylbenzimidazol-1-yl)-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl] 1-[3-[(1R,2R,3R,7S,12S,13S,17S,18S,19R)-2,13,18-tris(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-7,12,17-tris(3-amino-3-oxopropyl)-3,5,8,8,13,15,18,19-octamethyl-2,7,12,17-tetrahydro-1H-corrin-21-id-3-yl]propanoylamino]propan-2-yl phosphate", "[CH3-].CC1=CC2=C(C=C1C)N(C=N2)[C@@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O3)CO)OP(=O)([O-])OC(C)CNC(=O)CC[C@@]4([C@H]([C@@H]5[C@]6([C@@]([C@@H](C(=N6)C(=C7[C@@]([C@@H](C(=N7)C=C8C([C@@H](C(=N8)C(=C4[N-]5)C)CCC(=O)N)(C)C)CCC(=O)N)(C)CC(=O)N)C)CCC(=O)N)(C)CC(=O)N)C)CC(=O)N)C)O.[Co+3]", ["Mecobalamin is a synthetic and active form of vitamin B12 that can cross the blood brain barrier without biotransformation, that may be used to treat or prevent vitamin B12 deficiency and its complications. Upon administration, mecobalamin is able to replace endogenous vitamin B12, increase vitamin B12 levels and improve vitamin B12 deficiency. Vitamin B12 is necessary for hematopoiesis, neural metabolism, DNA and RNA production, and carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism. It improves iron functions in the metabolic cycle and assists folic acid in choline synthesis. Its metabolism is interconnected with that of folic acid."]], ["(1R,9S,12S,13R,14S,17R,18E,21S,23S,24R,25S,27R)-12-[(E)-1-[(1R)-4-chloro-3-methoxycyclohexyl]prop-1-en-2-yl]-17-ethyl-1,14-dihydroxy-23,25-dimethoxy-13,19,21,27-tetramethyl-11,28-dioxa-4-azatricyclo[22.3.1.04,9]octacos-18-ene-2,3,10,16-tetrone", "CC[C@@H]1/C=C(/C[C@@H](C[C@@H]([C@@H]2[C@H](C[C@H]([C@@](O2)(C(=O)C(=O)N3CCCC[C@H]3C(=O)O[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](CC1=O)O)C)/C(=C/[C@@H]4CCC(C(C4)OC)Cl)/C)O)C)OC)OC)C)\\C", ["Pimecrolimus is a 33-epi-chloro-derivative of the ascomycin macrolactam with immunosuppressant property. Pimecrolimus binds to the receptor macrophilin-12 (FKBP-12) forming a complex that blocks the calcium-dependent signal transduction cascade mediated by calcineurin. Via dephosphorylation, calcineurin is the enzyme responsible for activating nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NF-AT), a T cell transcriptional regulatory factor. As a consequence, the synthesis and release of Th1- (T helper 1) and Th2- (T helper 2) type cytokines, and other inflammatory mediators from T-cells and mast cells are blocked and the expression of signals essential for the activation of inflammatory T-lymphocytes is inhibited. However, pimecrolimus mode of action is cell-selective and does not affect Langerhans' cells/dendritic cells and primary fibroblasts."]], ["(7S,9S)-7-[(2S,4R,5R,6R)-4-amino-6-methyl-5-[(2S)-oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-6,9,11-trihydroxy-9-(2-hydroxyacetyl)-4-methoxy-8,10-dihydro-7H-tetracene-5,12-dione", "C[C@@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](C[C@H](O1)O[C@H]2C[C@@](CC3=C2C(=C4C(=C3O)C(=O)C5=C(C4=O)C(=CC=C5)OC)O)(C(=O)CO)O)N)O[C@H]6CCCCO6", ["Pirarubicin is an analogue of the anthracycline antineoplastic antibiotic doxorubicin.  Pirarubicin intercalates into DNA and interacts with topoisomerase II, thereby inhibiting DNA replication and repair and RNA and protein synthesis.  This agent is less cardiotoxic than doxorubicin and exhibits activity against some doxorubicin-resistant cell lines. (NCI04)"]], ["Soothe", "C1CC(=O)N(C1)C(CP)P", ["1-(1,2-Diphosphanylethyl)pyrrolidin-2-one is a N-alkylpyrrolidine.", "A polyvinyl polymer of variable molecular weight; used as suspending and dispersing agent and vehicle for pharmaceuticals; also used as blood volume expander."]], ["4H-1-Benzopyran-2-carboxamide, N-(2-(2-(4-(2-(3,4-dihydro-6,7-dimethoxy-2(1H)-isoquinolinyl)ethyl)phenyl)-2H-tetrazol-5-yl)-4,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-, methanesulfonate, hydrate (1:1:1)", "COC1=C(C=C2CN(CCC2=C1)CCC3=CC=C(C=C3)N4N=C(N=N4)C5=CC(=C(C=C5NC(=O)C6=CC(=O)C7=CC=CC=C7O6)OC)OC)OC.CS(=O)(=O)O.O", ["Encequidar Mesylate is the mesylate form of encequidar, an inhibitor of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette (ABC) transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp), with adjuvant activity. Upon oral administration, encequidar selectively binds to and inhibits the multidrug resistance (MDR) efflux pump P-gp, which prevents the efflux of various chemotherapeutic agents from intestinal epithelial cells to the gastrointestinal tract. This leads to an increase in both oral bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy. P-gp prevents the intestinal uptake and intracellular accumulation of various cytotoxic agents. Encequidar is not systemically absorbed."]], ["Numidargistat", "B(CCC[C@H]1CN(C[C@]1(C(=O)O)N)C(=O)[C@H](C)N)(O)O", ["CB-1158 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03910530 (A Study of INCMGA00012, INCB001158, and the Combination in Japanese Participants With Advanced Solid Tumors).", "Numidargistat is an orally available inhibitor of arginase, a manganese-dependent enzyme that hydrolyzes the amino acid arginine to form ornithine and urea, with potential immunomodulating and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, numidargistat inhibits the breakdown of arginine by arginase, which is produced by myeloid cells, and restores arginine levels. This allows arginine to stimulate the synthesis of nitric oxide and the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, which induces the proliferation and activation of T-cells. Therefore, this agent may prevent the immunosuppressive effects of tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells and promote lymphocyte-mediated immune responses against tumor cells. Arginase is produced by neutrophils, macrophages and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) and plays a role in inflammation-associated immunosuppression."]], ["[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-[[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl] (1S,2R,4aS,6aR,6aR,6bR,8R,8aS,9R,10R,11R,12aR,14bS)-8,10,11-trihydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-1,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-2,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydro-1H-picene-4a-carboxylate", "C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(C[C@H]([C@H]5[C@@]4(C[C@H]([C@@H]([C@@]5(C)CO)O)O)C)O)C)[C@@H]2[C@H]1C)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO[C@H]7[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O7)CO)O[C@H]8[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O8)C)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O", ["[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-[[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl] (1S,2R,4aS,6aR,6aR,6bR,8R,8aS,9R,10R,11R,12aR,14bS)-8,10,11-trihydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-1,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-2,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydro-1H-picene-4a-carboxylate is a natural product found in Centella asiatica with data available."]], ["Juluca", "C[C@@H]1CCO[C@@H]2N1C(=O)C3=C(C(=O)C(=CN3C2)C(=O)NCC4=C(C=C(C=C4)F)F)O.CC1=CC(=CC(=C1NC2=NC(=NC=C2)NC3=CC=C(C=C3)C#N)C)/C=C/C#N", ["Juluca is a prescription medicine approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of HIV infection in adults who meet specific requirements, as determined by a health care provider."]], ["2-[(1R,2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-3-(diaminomethylideneamino)-4-[(3R,4R,5S)-3-[(2S,3S,4S,5R,6S)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-(methylamino)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)-5-methyloxolan-2-yl]oxy-2,5,6-trihydroxycyclohexyl]guanidine;sulfuric acid", "C[C@H]1[C@@]([C@H](C(O1)O[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]2O)O)N=C(N)N)O)N=C(N)N)O[C@H]3[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O3)CO)O)O)NC)(CO)O.OS(=O)(=O)O", ["Dihydrostreptomycin Sulfate is a semi-synthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic with bactericidal properties. Dihydrostreptomycin sulfate inhibits protein synthesis by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit. This antibiotic is active against most gram-positive and gram-negative organisms and is used in the treatment of tuberculosis and tulemia.", "A semi-synthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic that is used in the treatment of TUBERCULOSIS."]], ["Azanide;2-oxidoacetate;platinum(4+)", "C(C(=O)[O-])[O-].[NH2-].[NH2-].[Pt+4]", ["Nedaplatin is a second-generation cisplatin analogue with antineoplastic activity. Containing a novel ring structure in which glycolate is bound to the platinum by a bidentate ligand, nedaplatin forms reactive platinum complexes that bind to nucelophillic groups in DNA, resulting in intrastrand and interstrand DNA cross-links, apoptosis and cell death. This agent appears to be less nephrotoxic and neurotoxic compared to both cisplatin and carboplatin."]], ["Dtp-gdp", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)CC[C@H](C(=O)N)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@@H](C)O[C@H]([C@H](C=O)NC(=O)C)[C@@H]([C@@H](CO)O)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O1)CO)O)O)NC(=O)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC", ["Disaccharide tripeptide glycerol dipalmitoyl is under investigation in clinical trial NCT00003667 (Combination Chemotherapy and Biological Therapy in Treating Patients With High-Risk Ewing's Sarcoma).", "Disaccharide Tripeptide Glycerol Dipalmitoyl is a lipophilic disaccharide tripeptide derivative of muramyl dipeptide (MDP) with immunomodulatory activity. Disaccharide tripeptide glycerol dipalmitoyl (DTP-GDP)stimulates macrophage activity and increases serum levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha), neopterin, interleukin (IL)-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-12, which may activate host immune system antitumor functions. DTP-GDP may be packaged in liposomes for improved delivery. The immunomodulatory effects of this agent may be superior to those of MDP."]], ["[(4Z,6Z,8S,9S,10Z,12S,13R,14S,16R)-13,20,22-trihydroxy-8,14-dimethoxy-4,10,12,16-tetramethyl-3-oxo-19-(prop-2-enylamino)-2-azabicyclo[16.3.1]docosa-1(21),4,6,10,18(22),19-hexaen-9-yl] carbamate;hydrochloride", "C[C@H]1C[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](/C=C(\\[C@@H]([C@H](/C=C\\C=C(/C(=O)NC2=CC(=C(C(=C2O)C1)NCC=C)O)\\C)OC)OC(=O)N)/C)C)O)OC.Cl", ["Retaspimycin Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt of a small-molecule inhibitor of heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) with antiproliferative and antineoplastic activities. Retaspimycin binds to and inhibits the cytosolic chaperone functions of HSP90, which maintains the stability and functional shape of many oncogenic signaling proteins and may be overexpressed or overactive in tumor cells. Retaspimycin-mediated inhibition of HSP90 promotes the proteasomal degradation of oncogenic signaling proteins in susceptible tumor cell populations, which may result in the induction of apoptosis."]], ["Rovalpituzumab tesirine", "CC1=CN2[C@@H](C1)C=NC3=CC(=C(C=C3C2=O)OC)OCCCCCOC4=C(C=C5C(=C4)N([C@H]([C@@H]6CC(=CN6C5=O)C)O)C(=O)OCC7=CC=C(C=C7)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)CCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCNC(=O)CCN8C(=O)C[C@H](C8=O)SC[C@@H](C(=O)O)N)OC", ["Rovalpituzumab Tesirine has been used in trials studying the treatment of GLIOBLASTOMA, Malignant Melanoma, Other Solid Tumors, Small Cell Lung Cancer, and Medullary Thyroid Cancer, among others.", "Rovalpituzumab Tesirine is an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) containing a humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody (MAb) directed against the delta-like protein 3 (DLL3), conjugated to the cytotoxic pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD) dimer D6.5 (SC-DR002) via a maleimide-containing linker with an eight-carbon polyethylene glycol spacer and a cathepsin B-cleavable valine-alanine dipeptide, with potential antineoplastic activity. The MAb moiety of rovalpituzumab tesirine selectively binds to DLL3 on tumor cell surfaces. Upon internalization of the ADC, the dipeptide linker is cleaved and D6.5 is released. Then the imine groups of the PBD moiety bind to the N2 positions of guanines on opposite strands of DNA. This induces DNA strand breaks, inhibits DNA replication, leads to G2/M cell cycle arrest, induces cell death, and inhibits the proliferation of DLL3-overexpressing tumor cells. DLL3, a membrane protein that binds to Notch receptors and regulates Notch-mediated signaling and gene transcription, is overexpressed by certain cancers but is rarely expressed by normal, healthy cells."]], ["(3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6S)-2-[[(4aR,6bS,8aS,11S,12aR,14aR,14bS)-11-carboxy-4,4,6a,6b,8a,11,14b-heptamethyl-14-oxo-2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14a-dodecahydro-1H-picen-3-yl]oxy]-6-carboxy-4,5-dihydroxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid;azane", "C[C@]12CC[C@](C[C@H]1C3=CC(=O)[C@@H]4[C@]5(CCC(C([C@@H]5CCC4([C@@]3(CC2)C)C)(C)C)O[C@@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)C(=O)O)O)O)O[C@H]7[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](C(O7)C(=O)O)O)O)O)C)(C)C(=O)O.N.N", ["Diammonium Glycyrrhizinate is the diammonium salt of glycyrrhizin and the active constituent in the traditional Chinese medicinal herb Glycyrrhiza uralensis (Chinese liquorice or Gan-Cao) with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and hepatoprotective properties. Diammonium glycyrrhizinate (DG) is slowly metabolized within the cells into glycyrrhetic acid, which inhibits enzymes that control cortisol metabolism and contributes to this agent's anti-inflammatory effect. Although the exact mechanism of action remains to be fully elucidated, DG may prevent or reduce hepatotoxicity via the scavenging of free radicals. This agent also upregulates the expression of transcription coactivator PGC-1alpha and modulates hepatic enzymes such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), superoxide dismutase and glutathion peroxidase.", "A widely used anti-inflammatory agent isolated from the licorice root. It is metabolized to GLYCYRRHETINIC ACID, which inhibits 11-BETA-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASES and other enzymes involved in the metabolism of CORTICOSTEROIDS. Therefore, glycyrrhizic acid, which is the main and sweet component of licorice, has been investigated for its ability to cause hypermineralocorticoidism with sodium retention and potassium loss, edema, increased blood pressure, as well as depression of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system."]], ["2-amino-4,6-dimethyl-3-oxo-1-N-[(3R,6S,7R,10S,16S)-7,11,14-trimethyl-2,5,9,12,15-pentaoxo-3,10-di(propan-2-yl)-8-oxa-1,4,11,14-tetrazabicyclo[14.3.0]nonadecan-6-yl]-9-N-[(3R,6S,7R,16S)-7,11,14-trimethyl-2,5,9,12,15-pentaoxo-3,10-di(propan-2-yl)-8-oxa-1,4,11,14-tetrazabicyclo[14.3.0]nonadecan-6-yl]phenoxazine-1,9-dicarboxamide", "C[C@@H]1[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](C(=O)N2CCC[C@H]2C(=O)N(CC(=O)N([C@H](C(=O)O1)C(C)C)C)C)C(C)C)NC(=O)C3=C(C(=O)C(=C4C3=NC5=C(C=CC(=C5O4)C)C(=O)N[C@H]6[C@H](OC(=O)C(N(C(=O)CN(C(=O)[C@@H]7CCCN7C(=O)[C@H](NC6=O)C(C)C)C)C)C(C)C)C)C)N", ["Actinomycin d appears as bright red rhomboid prisms or red powder. (NTP, 1992)", "2-amino-4,6-dimethyl-3-oxo-1-N-[(3R,6S,7R,10S,16S)-7,11,14-trimethyl-2,5,9,12,15-pentaoxo-3,10-di(propan-2-yl)-8-oxa-1,4,11,14-tetrazabicyclo[14.3.0]nonadecan-6-yl]-9-N-[(3R,6S,7R,16S)-7,11,14-trimethyl-2,5,9,12,15-pentaoxo-3,10-di(propan-2-yl)-8-oxa-1,4,11,14-tetrazabicyclo[14.3.0]nonadecan-6-yl]phenoxazine-1,9-dicarboxamide is a natural product found in Streptomyces antibioticus and Streptomyces galbus with data available.", "A compound composed of a two CYCLIC PEPTIDES attached to a phenoxazine that is derived from STREPTOMYCES parvullus. It binds to DNA and inhibits RNA synthesis (transcription), with chain elongation more sensitive than initiation, termination, or release. As a result of impaired mRNA production, protein synthesis also declines after dactinomycin therapy. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p2015)"]], ["sodium;1-[(Z)-[5-(4-nitrophenyl)furan-2-yl]methylideneamino]imidazolidine-2,4-dione", "C1C(=O)NC(=O)N1/N=C\\C2=CC=C(O2)C3=CC=C(C=C3)[N+](=O)[O-].[Na+]", ["Dantrolene Sodium is the sodium salt form of dantrolene, a hydantoin derivative and direct-acting skeletal muscle relaxant. Dantrolene depresses excitation-contraction coupling in skeletal muscle by binding to the ryanodine receptor 1, and decreasing intracellular calcium concentration. Ryanodine receptors mediate the release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, an essential step in muscle contraction.", "Skeletal muscle relaxant that acts by interfering with excitation-contraction coupling in the muscle fiber. It is used in spasticity and other neuromuscular abnormalities. Although the mechanism of action is probably not central, dantrolene is usually grouped with the central muscle relaxants."]], ["N-[(3S,6S,12S,15S,16S,19R,22S)-3-benzyl-12-ethyl-4,16-dimethyl-2,5,11,14,18,21,24-heptaoxo-19-phenyl-17-oxa-1,4,10,13,20-pentazatricyclo[20.4.0.06,10]hexacosan-15-yl]-3-hydroxypyridine-2-carboxamide;(10S,11S,12E,17E,19E,21S)-21-hydroxy-11,19-dimethyl-10-propan-2-yl-9,26-dioxa-3,15,28-triazatricyclo[23.2.1.03,7]octacosa-1(27),6,12,17,19,25(28)-hexaene-2,8,14,23-tetrone", "CC[C@H]1C(=O)N2CCC[C@H]2C(=O)N([C@H](C(=O)N3CCC(=O)C[C@H]3C(=O)N[C@@H](C(=O)O[C@H]([C@@H](C(=O)N1)NC(=O)C4=C(C=CC=N4)O)C)C5=CC=CC=C5)CC6=CC=CC=C6)C.C[C@H]1/C=C/C(=O)NC/C=C/C(=C/[C@H](CC(=O)CC2=NC(=CO2)C(=O)N3CCC=C3C(=O)O[C@H]1C(C)C)O)/C", ["An antibiotic mixture originally isolated from Streptomyces pristinaspiralis. It is a mixture of compounds from STREPTOGRAMIN GROUP A: pristinamycin IIA and IIB and from STREPTOGRAMIN GROUP B: pristinamycin IA, pristinamycin IB, pristinamycin IC."]], ["N-ethyl-4-[2-(4-fluoro-2,6-dimethylphenoxy)-5-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)phenyl]-6-methyl-7-oxo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-2-carboxamide", "CCNC(=O)C1=CC2=C(N1)C(=O)N(C=C2C3=C(C=CC(=C3)C(C)(C)O)OC4=C(C=C(C=C4C)F)C)C", ["BET Inhibitor ABBV-744 is an orally bioavailable inhibitor of the Bromodomain and Extra-Terminal (BET) family of proteins, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, the BET inhibitor ABBV-744 preferentially binds to the second bromodomain (BD2) of BET proteins, thereby preventing the interaction between the BET proteins and acetylated histones. This disrupts chromatin remodeling and gene expression. Prevention of the expression of certain growth-promoting genes may lead to an inhibition of proliferation in BET-overexpressing tumor cells. BET proteins, comprised of BRD2, BRD3, BRD4 and BRDT, are transcriptional regulators that contain two homologous bromodomains, the BD1 and BD2 domains. They play an important role during development and cellular growth."]], ["Sisunatovir", "C1CC12C3=C(C=C(C=C3)F)N(C2=O)CC4=NC5=C(N4CCCC(F)(F)F)C=CC(=C5)CN", ["Sisunatovir is under investigation in clinical trial NCT04267822 (Study of RV521 in the Treatment of Adult Subjects Who Have Undergone HCT With an URTI With RSV).", "Sisunatovir is an orally available, small molecule inhibitor of human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) fusion protein (F protein), with potential antiviral activity. Upon oral administration, sisunatovir specifically targets and binds to RSV-F protein on the viral surface, which inhibits RSV-F protein-mediated fusion with the host cell membrane and prevents viral entry. This blocks RSV replication, reduces viral load, and decreases the severity of the disease. RSV-F protein, a viral surface glycoprotein, plays a key role in RSV fusion with and entry into target cells."]], ["(1S,2S,3S,5R)-3-{[6-(difluoromethyl)-5-fluoro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-8-yl]oxy}-5-(4-methyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)cyclopentane-1,2-diol", "CC1=C2C=CN(C2=NC=N1)[C@@H]3C[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]3O)O)OC4=C5CNCCC5=C(C(=C4)C(F)F)F", ["Protein Arginine Methyltransferase 5 Inhibitor PF-06939999 is an orally available inhibitor of protein arginine N-methyltransferase 5 (histone-arginine N-methyltransferase PRMT5; PRMT5) with potential antiproliferative and antineoplastic activities. Although the mechanism of action has not yet been fully elucidated, orally administered PRMT5 inhibitor PF-06939999 inhibits the methyltransferase activity of PRMT5, thereby decreasing the levels of monomethylated and dimethylated arginine residues in histones H2A, H3, and H4, and modulating the expression of genes involved in several cellular processes including cell proliferation. This may increase the expression of antiproliferative genes and/or decrease the expression of genes that promote cell proliferation, and may decrease the growth of rapidly proliferating cells, including cancer cells. PRTM5, an arginine methyltransferase that can catalyze the formation of both omega-N monomethylarginine (MMA) and symmetrical dimethylarginine (sDMA) on histones and a variety of other protein substrates, is overexpressed in several neoplasms."]], ["Rimtuzalcap", "CC1=NN(C=C1)C2=NC(=CC(=N2)N3CCOCC3)NC4CCC(CC4)(F)F", ["Rimtuzalcap is a novel modulator of small-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels that is under investigation for the treatment of essential tremor."]], ["Revumenib", "CCN(C(C)C)C(=O)C1=C(C=CC(=C1)F)OC2=CN=CN=C2N3CC4(C3)CCN(CC4)CC5CCC(CC5)NS(=O)(=O)CC", ["Revumenib is an orally bioavailable protein-protein interaction (PPI) inhibitor of the menin-mixed lineage leukemia (MLL; myeloid/lymphoid leukemia; KMT2A) proteins, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, revumenib targets and binds to the nuclear protein menin, thereby preventing the interaction between the two proteins menin and MLL and the formation of the menin-MLL complex. This reduces the expression of downstream target genes and results in an inhibition of the proliferation of MLL-rearranged leukemic cells. The menin-MLL complex plays a key role in the survival, growth, transformation and proliferation of certain kinds of leukemia cells."]], ["Shp2-IN-6", "CC(=O)N1CC(C2=C1C=CC=C2SC3=NC=C(N=C3N)N4CCC5(CC4)COC[C@H]5N)(F)F", ["SHP2 Inhibitor JAB-3068 is an orally bioavailable inhibitor of protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) non-receptor type 11 (SHP2; Src homology region 2 domain phosphatase; PTPN11), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, SHP2 inhibitor JAB-3068 targets, binds to and inhibits the activity of SHP2. This prevents SHP2-mediated signaling, inhibits MAPK signaling and prevents growth of SHP2-expressing tumor cells. SHP2, an oncoprotein overexpressed in a variety of cancer cell types, regulates cell survival, differentiation and proliferation through activation of the Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK signaling pathway. The Ras-MAPK pathway is often hyperactivated in cancer cells due to specific mutations and rearrangements and are dependent on SHP2 for their oncogenic signaling. SHP2 also regulates programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)-mediated signal transduction and is involved in immune checkpoint modulation."]], ["2-(4-Oxo-3-((5-(trifluoromethyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)methyl)-3,4-dihydrothieno[3,4-d]pyridazin-1-yl)acetic acid", "C1=CC2=C(C=C1C(F)(F)F)N=C(S2)CN3C(=O)C4=CSC=C4C(=N3)CC(=O)O", ["Gavorestat is under investigation in clinical trial NCT04902781 (Clinical Benefit, Safety, PK and PD Study of AT-007 in Pediatric Subjects With Classic Galactosemia)."]], ["Afimetoran", "CC1=C(C2=NC=NN2C=C1C3=C(C4=C(N3)C=CC(=C4)C5CCN(CC5)CC(=O)N)C(C)C)C", ["Afimetoran is an immunomodulator and an antagonist of toll-like receptors 7 and 8. It is also is under investigation in clinical trial NCT04269356 (Study to Assess the Way the Body Absorbs, Distributes, Breaks Down and Eliminates Radioactive BMS-986256 in Healthy Male Participants)."]], ["Lutathera", "C[C@H]([C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](CSSC[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N1)CCCCN)CC2=CNC3=CC=CC=C32)CC4=CC=C(C=C4)O)NC(=O)[C@@H](CC5=CC=CC=C5)NC(=O)CN6CCN(CCN(CCN(CC6)CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)O)O.[177Lu+3]", ["Lutetium Lu 177 Dotatate is a radioconjugate consisting of the tyrosine-containing somatostatin analog Tyr3-octreotate (TATE) conjugated with the bifunctional, macrocyclic chelating agent tetra-azacyclododecanetetra-acetic acid (DOTA) and radiolabeled with the beta-emitting radioisotope lutetium Lu 177, with potential imaging and antineoplastic activities. Lutetium Lu 177 dotatate binds to somatostatin receptors (SSTRs), with high affinity to type 2 SSTR, present on the cell membranes of many types of neuroendocrine tumor (NET) cells. Upon binding and internalization, this radioconjugate specifically delivers a cytotoxic dose of beta radiation to SSTR-positive cells. Tyr3-octreotate (TATE) is an octreotide derivative in which phenylalanine at position 3 is substituted by tyrosine and position 8 threoninol is replaced with threonine. SSTRs have been shown to be present in large numbers on NET and their metastases, while most other normal tissues express low levels of SSTRs."]], ["N-[(4S,7R,10S,13S,16S,22R,25S,29R,30aS)-10-(4-aminobutyl)-22-(1-carboxyethyl)-13-[carboxy(hydroxy)methyl]-16-(carboxymethyl)-7,25-diisopropyl-3,29-dimethyl-1,5,8,11,14,17,20,23,26-nonaoxotriacontahydropyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4,7,10,13,16,19,22,25]nonaazacyclooctacosin-4-yl]-3-methyl-N(2)-[(2E,4Z)-8-methylnona-2,4-dienoyl]-L-alpha-asparagine", "C[C@@H]1C[C@H]2C(=O)NC([C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N2C1)C(C)C)C(C)C(=O)O)CC(=O)O)C(C(=O)O)O)CCCCN)C(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C(=O)O)NC(=O)/C=C/C=C\\CCC(C)C)C", ["Malacidin A is a homodetic cyclic peptide containing a 28-membered ring and consisting of 3-methyl-N-[(2E,4Z)-8-methylnona-2,4-dienoyl]-L-alpha-aspartyl, (2S)-2,3-diaminobutanoyl, D-valyl, L-lysyl, 3-hydroxy-L-alpha-aspartyl, L-alpha-aspartyl, glycyl, 3-methyl-D-alpha-aspartyl, L-valyl, and (4R)-methyl-L-proline joined in sequence and cyclised by condensation of the beta-amino group of the 2,3-diaminobutanoyl residue with the carboxy group of the 4-methylproline residue. It has a role as a bacterial metabolite, a member of calcium-dependent antibiotics and an antibacterial agent. It is a homodetic cyclic peptide and a lipopeptide.", "Malacidin A, along with [DB14052], is a member of a class of chemicals made by bacteria found in soil that can kill Gram-positive bacteria. Malacidins are 10-member macrocycle lipopeptides discovered via gene sequencing and bioinformatic analysis. While structurally similar to other macrocycle drugs like [DB00080] and [DB06087], Malacidin A appears to act via its own distinct mechanism."]], ["N-[(2S)-3-amino-2-({3-methyl-N-[(2E,4Z)-8-methyldeca-2,4-dienoyl]-L-alpha-aspartyl}amino)butanoyl]-D-valyl-L-lysyl-3-hydroxy-L-alpha-aspartyl-L-alpha-aspartylglycyl-3-methyl-D-alpha-aspartyl-L-valyl-(4R)-4-methyl-L-proline", "CCC(C)CC/C=C\\C=C\\C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@H]1C(NC(=O)[C@@H]2C[C@H](CN2C(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](NC1=O)C(C)C)CCCCN)C(C(=O)O)O)CC(=O)O)C(C)C(=O)O)C(C)C)C)C", ["Malacidin B is a homodetic cyclic peptide that is malacidin A in which the (2E,4Z)-8-methylnona-2,4-dienoyl group has been replaced by a (2E,4Z)-8-methyldeca-2,4-dienoyl group. It has a role as a bacterial metabolite, a member of calcium-dependent antibiotics and an antibacterial agent. It is a homodetic cyclic peptide and a lipopeptide.", "Malacidin B, along with [DB14051], is a member of a class of chemicals made by bacteria found in soil that can kill Gram-positive bacteria. Malacidins are 10-member macrocycle lipopeptides discovered via gene sequencing and bioinformatic analysis. While structurally similar to other macrocycle drugs like [DB00080] and [DB06087], Malacidin B appears to act via its own distinct mechanism."]], ["Trabedersen", "CC1=CN(C(=O)NC1=O)C2CC(C(O2)COP(=O)(OC3CC(OC3COP(=S)(O)OC4CC(OC4COP(=S)(O)OC5CC(OC5COP(=S)(O)OC6CC(OC6COP(=S)(O)OC7CC(OC7COP(=S)(O)OC8CC(OC8COP(=S)(O)OC9CC(OC9COP(=S)(O)OC1CC(OC1COP(=S)(O)OC1CC(OC1COP(=S)(O)OC1CC(OC1COP(=S)(O)OC1CC(OC1COP(=S)(O)OC1CC(OC1COP(=S)(O)OC1CC(OC1CO)N1C=CC(=NC1=O)N)N1C=NC2=C1N=C(NC2=O)N)N1C=NC2=C1N=C(NC2=O)N)N1C=CC(=NC1=O)N)N1C=NC2=C(N=CN=C21)N)N1C=C(C(=O)NC1=O)C)N1C=NC2=C1N=C(NC2=O)N)N1C=C(C(=O)NC1=O)C)N1C=CC(=NC1=O)N)N1C=C(C(=O)NC1=O)C)N1C=NC2=C(N=CN=C21)N)N1C=C(C(=O)NC1=O)C)N1C=C(C(=O)NC1=O)C)S)O.CC1=CN(C(=O)NC1=O)C2CC(C(O2)CO[P+](=O)S)OP(=S)(O)OCC3C(CC(O3)N4C=NC5=C4N=C(NC5=O)N)OP(=S)(O)OCC6C(CC(O6)N7C=C(C(=O)NC7=O)C)OP(=S)(O)OCC8C(CC(O8)N9C=NC1=C(N=CN=C19)N)O", ["Trabedersen is a transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta2 specific phosphorothioate antisense oligodeoxynucleotide with the sequence 5'-CGGCATGTCTATTTTGTA-3', with potential antineoplastic activity. Trebedersen binds to TGF-beta2 mRNA causing inhibition of protein translation, thereby decreasing TGF-beta2 protein levels; decreasing intratumoral TGF-beta2 levels may result in the inhibition of tumor cell growth and migration, and tumor angiogenesis. TGF-beta2, a cytokine often over-expressed in various malignancies, may play an important role in promoting the growth, progression, and migration of tumor cells."]], ["[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[[(3E,5E,8S,9E,11S,12R,13E,15E,18S)-12-[(2R,3S,4R,5S)-3,4-dihydroxy-6,6-dimethyl-5-(2-methylpropanoyloxy)oxan-2-yl]oxy-11-ethyl-8-hydroxy-18-[(1S)-1-hydroxyethyl]-9,13,15-trimethyl-2-oxo-1-oxacyclooctadeca-3,5,9,13,15-pentaen-3-yl]methoxy]-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-2-methyloxan-3-yl] 3,5-dichloro-2-ethyl-4,6-dihydroxybenzoate", "CC[C@H]1/C=C(/[C@H](C/C=C/C=C(/C(=O)O[C@@H](C/C=C(/C=C(/[C@@H]1O[C@H]2[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H](C(O2)(C)C)OC(=O)C(C)C)O)O)\\C)\\C)[C@H](C)O)\\CO[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O3)C)OC(=O)C4=C(C(=C(C(=C4O)Cl)O)Cl)CC)O)OC)O)\\C", ["Fidaxomicin is an antibacterial prescription medicine approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of diarrhea caused by entericinfection with the bacteriumClostridioides difficile.", "Fidaxomicin is a semisynthetic macrolide antibiotic used to treat Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea in adults. Fidaxomicin has minimal systemic absorption and has not been linked to serum enzyme elevations during therapy or to instances of clinically apparent, acute liver injury.", "Fidaxomicin is a narrow-spectrum, 18-membered macrolide antibiotic isolated from the actinomycete Dactylosporangium aurantiacum subsp. hamdenensis with potential antibacterial activity. Although the exact mechanism of action has yet to be fully elucidated, fidaxomicin may bind to and inhibit bacterial DNA-dependent RNA polymerase, thereby inhibiting the initiation of bacterial RNA synthesis. When orally administered, this agent is minimally absorbed into the systemic circulation, acting locally in the gastrointestinal tract. Fidaxomicin appears to be active against pathogenic Gram-positive bacteria, such as clostridia, enterococci, and staphylococci, but does not appear to be active against other beneficial intestinal bacteria."]], ["(5S)-2-methylspiro[1,3-oxathiolane-5,3'-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octane]", "CC1O[C@@]2(CN3CCC2CC3)CS1", ["Cevimeline is an orally available cholinergic agonist that is used to treat symptoms of dry mouth in patients with keratoconjunctivitis sicca (Sj\u00f6gren syndrome). Cevimeline has not been linked to serum enzyme elevations during therapy or to instances of clinically apparent liver injury.", "Cevimeline is a cholinergic analogue with glandular secretion stimulatory activity. Cevimeline binds to and activates muscarinic receptors, thereby increasing the secretions in exocrine salivary and sweat glands. This cholinergic agonist also increases the tone of smooth muscle in the gastrointestinal and urinary tracts. Cevimeline is being studied as a treatment for dry mouth caused by radiation therapy to the head and neck."]], ["Unii-M4bnp1KR7W", "C[C@H]1CC[C@@H]2[C@@]([C@@]3([C@H](C[C@]4([C@@H]5CC[C@H]6[C@]7([C@]5(C[C@@]4([C@@H]3CN2C1)O)O[C@]6([C@H](CC7)OC(=O)C8=CC(=C(C=C8)OC)OC)O)C)O)O)O)(C)O", ["A benzoate-cevane found in VERATRUM and Schoenocaulon. It activates SODIUM CHANNELS to stay open longer than normal."]], ["(1R,3S,5R,7R,8Z,12S,14Z,16Z,18Z,20Z,22S,24S,25R,26R)-22-[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6S)-4-amino-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-1,3,26-trihydroxy-12-methyl-10-oxo-6,11,28-trioxatricyclo[22.3.1.05,7]octacosa-8,14,16,18,20-pentaene-25-carboxylic acid", "C[C@H]1C/C=C\\C=C/C=C\\C=C/[C@H](C[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H](C[C@](O2)(C[C@H](C[C@@H]3[C@H](O3)/C=C\\C(=O)O1)O)O)O)C(=O)O)O[C@H]4[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](O4)C)O)N)O", ["Natamycin is a polyene amphoteric macrolide antibiotic with antifungal properties. Natamycin exerts its antifungal effects by binding to sterols in the fungal cell membrane thereby increasing membrane permeability. This leads to a leakage and loss of essential cellular constituents. Following ocular application, natamycin is retained in the conjunctival fornices and attains effective concentrations within the corneal stroma where it exerts its effect.", "Amphoteric macrolide antifungal antibiotic from Streptomyces natalensis or S. chattanoogensis. It is used for a variety of fungal infections, mainly topically."]], ["5-Methoxy-2-[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methylsulfinyl]benzimidazol-1-ide", "CC1=CN=C(C(=C1OC)C)CS(=O)C2=NC3=C([N-]2)C=CC(=C3)OC.CC1=CN=C(C(=C1OC)C)CS(=O)C2=NC3=C([N-]2)C=CC(=C3)OC", ["Esomeprazole Sodium is the sodium salt of the S-isomer of omeprazole, with gastric proton pump inhibitor activity. In the acidic compartment of parietal cells, esomeprazole is protonated and converted into the active achiral sulfenamide; the active sulfenamide forms one or more covalent disulfide bonds with the proton pump hydrogen-potassium adenosine triphosphatase (H+/K+ ATPase), thereby inhibiting its activity and the parietal cell secretion of H+ ions into the gastric lumen, the final step in gastric acid production. H+/K+ ATPase is an integral membrane protein of the gastric parietal cell.", "The S-isomer of omeprazole."]], ["Teicoplanin", "CCCCCCCCCC(=O)N[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O[C@H]1OC2=C3C=C4C=C2OC5=C(C=C(C=C5)[C@H]([C@H]6C(=O)N[C@@H](C7=C(C(=CC(=C7)O)OC8[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O8)CO)O)O)O)C9=C(C=CC(=C9)[C@H](C(=O)N6)NC(=O)[C@@H]4NC(=O)[C@@H]1C2=CC(=CC(=C2)OC2=C(C=CC(=C2)[C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](CC2=CC(=C(O3)C=C2)Cl)C(=O)N1)N)O)O)O)C(=O)O)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O1)CO)O)O)NC(=O)C)Cl)CO)O)O", ["Teicoplanin is a glycopeptide antibiotic consisting of a mixture of several compounds, five major (named teicoplanin A2-1 through A2-5) and four minor (named teicoplanin RS-1 through RS-4). All teicoplanins share a same glycopeptide core, teicoplanin A3-1, but differ in the length and conformation of side chains attached to their \u03b2-D-glucosamine moiety.", "Teicoplanin is a glycopeptide antibiotic complex isolated from the bacterium Actinoplanes teichomyceticus. Teicoplanin inhibits peptidoglycan polymerization, resulting in inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis and cell death. (NCI04)", "Lipoglycopeptide antibiotic from Actinoplanes teichomyceticus active against gram-positive bacteria. It consists of five major components each with a different fatty acid moiety."]], ["Lutetium (177Lu) lilotomab satetraxetan", "[H+].[H+].C1CN(CCN([C@@H](CN(CCN1CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])CC2=CC=C(C=C2)NC(=S)NCCCC[C@@H](C(=O)[O-])N)CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-].[177Lu+3]", ["Lutetium Lu 177 Lilotomab-satetraxetan is a radioconjugate consisting of lilotomab, a murine immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) antibody directed against the CD37 antigen, conjugated via the chelating agent 2-(4-isothiocyanatobenzyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-tetraacetic acid (p-SCN-Bn-DOTA) with potential antineoplastic activities. Upon administration of lutetium Lu 177 lilotomab-satetraxetan, the lilotomab moiety binds to CD37 expressed on certain tumor cells. Upon binding, lutetium Lu 177 lilotomab-satetraxetan delivers a cytotoxic dose of beta radiation to CD37-expressing cells. CD37 is a transmembrane glycoprotein expressed at high-levels on B-cells and to a lesser extent on T-cells and myeloid cells, and is frequently overexpressed in certain B-cell lymphomas."]], ["Perlite", "[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].O=[Mg].O=[Si]=O.O=[Ca].[Na+].[Na+].[Al+3].[Al+3].[K+].[K+].[Fe+3].[Fe+3]", ["Perlite appears as an odorless, light-gray to glassy-black solid. A naturally occurring aluminosilicate rock. May contain trace amounts of crystalline silica dust, a chronic health hazard by inhalation."]], ["Asciminib hydrochloride", "C1CN(C[C@@H]1O)C2=C(C=C(C=N2)C(=O)NC3=CC=C(C=C3)OC(F)(F)Cl)C4=CC=NN4.Cl", ["Asciminib Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of asciminib, an orally bioavailable, allosteric Bcr-Abl1 tyrosine kinase inhibitor, with antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, asciminib targets and binds to the myristoyl pocket of the Bcr-Abl1 fusion protein at a location that is distinct from the ATP-binding domain, thereby inhibiting the activity of both wild-type Bcr-Abl and certain mutation forms, including the T315I mutation. This binding results in the inhibition of Bcr-Abl1-mediated proliferation and enhanced apoptosis of Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph+) hematological malignancies. The Bcr-Abl1 fusion protein tyrosine kinase is an abnormal enzyme produced by leukemia cells that contain the Philadelphia chromosome."]], ["Molibresib besylate", "CCNC(=O)C[C@H]1C2=NN=C(N2C3=C(C=C(C=C3)OC)C(=N1)C4=CC=C(C=C4)Cl)C.C1=CC=C(C=C1)S(=O)(=O)O", ["Molibresib Besylate is the besylate salt of molibresib, a small molecule inhibitor of the BET (Bromodomain and Extra-Terminal) family of bromodomain-containing proteins with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, molibresib binds to the acetylated lysine recognition motifs on the bromodomain of BET proteins, thereby preventing the interaction between the BET proteins and acetylated histone peptides. This disrupts chromatin remodeling and gene expression. Prevention of the expression of certain growth-promoting genes may lead to an inhibition of tumor cell growth. Characterized by a tandem repeat of bromodomain at the N-terminus, BET proteins, comprising of BRD2, BRD3, BRD4 and BRDT, are transcriptional regulators that play an important role during development and cellular growth."]], ["Uralyt U", "C(C(=O)[O-])C(CC(=O)[O-])(C(=O)O)O.C(C(=O)[O-])C(CC(=O)[O-])(C(=O)O)O.C(C(=O)[O-])C(CC(=O)[O-])(C(=O)O)O.C(C(=O)[O-])C(CC(=O)[O-])(C(=O)[O-])O.C(C(=O)[O-])C(CC(=O)[O-])(C(=O)[O-])O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[K+].[K+].[K+].[K+].[K+].[K+]", ["A key intermediate in metabolism. It is an acid compound found in citrus fruits. The salts of citric acid (citrates) can be used as anticoagulants due to their calcium chelating ability."]], ["Lenacapavir", "CC(C)(C#CC1=NC(=C(C=C1)C2=C3C(=C(C=C2)Cl)C(=NN3CC(F)(F)F)NS(=O)(=O)C)[C@H](CC4=CC(=CC(=C4)F)F)NC(=O)CN5C6=C([C@H]7C[C@H]7C6(F)F)C(=N5)C(F)(F)F)S(=O)(=O)C", ["Lenacapavir is an investigational drug that is being studied to treat and prevent HIV infection.", "HIV/AIDS remains an area of concern despite the introduction of numerous successful therapies, mainly due to the emergence of multidrug resistance and patient difficulty in adhering to treatment regimens. Lenacapavir is a first-in-class capsid inhibitor that demonstrates picomolar HIV-1 inhibition as a monotherapy in vitro, little to no cross-resistance with existing antiretroviral agents, and extended pharmacokinetics with subcutaneous dosing.  Lenacapavir was first globally approved on August 22, 2022 by the European Commission to treat adults with multi-drug resistant HIV infection. On December 22, 2022, it was also approved by the FDA."]], ["Pentixafor gallium Ga-68", "CN1[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](C1=O)CC2=CC=C(C=C2)O)CC3=CC4=CC=CC=C4C=C3)CCCN=C(N)N)CCCNC(=O)C5=CC=C(C=C5)CNC(=O)CN6CCN(CCN(CCN(CC6)CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-].[68Ga+3]", ["Gallium Ga 68 Boclatixafortide is a radioconjugate composed of a synthetic, cyclic pentapeptide analog of stromal-cell derived factor-1 (SDF-1 or CXCL12), which is a ligand for chemokine receptor C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4), that is radiolabeled, via the macrocyclic chelating agent dodecanetetraacetic acid (DOTA), with the radioisotope gallium Ga 68 (Ga68; 68Ga), with potential use for imaging CXCR4-expressing cells upon positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT). Upon administration of 68Ga pentixafor, the pentixafor moiety targets and binds to CXCR4-expressing cancer cells. Upon PET/CT, CXCR4-expressing cancer cells can be visualized and the expression status of the receptor can be assessed. CXCR4, a marker of poorly differentiated cells, is overexpressed on various cancer cells, and plays a key role in tumor growth, progression, invasiveness and metastasis."]], ["Zilucoplan", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)NCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCC(=O)NCCCC[C@@H](C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](C1CCCCC1)NC(=O)[C@@H]2CCCN2C(=O)[C@H](CC3=CC=C(C=C3)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC4=CNC5=C4C=CC=N5)NC(=O)[C@H](CC6=CC=C(C=C6)O)NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)O)N(C)C(=O)[C@@H]7CC(=O)NCCCC[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N7)CC8=CC=CC=C8)CCCNC(=N)N)CCC(=O)O)C(C)C)NC(=O)C)C(=O)O", ["Zilucoplan is under investigation in clinical trial NCT04225871 (Open-label Extension of Zilucoplan in Subjects With Generalized Myasthenia Gravis).", "Zilucoplan is a synthetic macrocyclic peptide inhibitor of the terminal complement protein C5, with potential anti-inflammatory and cell protective activities. Upon subcutaneous administration, complement zilucoplan binds to a unique site in terminal complement protein C5, which blocks C5 cleavage into C5a and C5b and prevents the C5b-dependent assembly of the membrane-attack complex (MAC).  Zilucoplan also inhibits the interaction between C5b and C6, thereby further blocking MAC assembly. This prevents MAC-mediated lysis and destruction of red blood cells (RBCs) that occurs in complement-mediated diseases, such as paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH), generalized myasthenia gravis (gMG) and lupus nephritis (LN). C5, a complement pathway protein, is expressed at high levels by the liver."]], ["methyl (4aR,6aS,6bR,8aS,12aR,14bR)-11-cyano-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-10,14-dioxo-1,3,4,5,6,7,8,8a,14a,14b-decahydropicene-4a-carboxylate", "C[C@]12CC[C@@]3(CCC(C[C@@H]3C1C(=O)C=C4[C@@]2(CC[C@H]5[C@]4(C=C(C(=O)C5(C)C)C#N)C)C)(C)C)C(=O)OC", ["Bardoxolone Methyl is the methyl ester form of bardoxolone, a synthetic triterpenoid compound with potential antineoplastic and anti-inflammatory activities. Bardoxolone blocks the synthesis of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and inducible cyclooxygenase (COX-2), two enzymes involved in inflammation and carcinogenesis. This agent also inhibits the interleukin-1 (IL-1)-induced expression of the pro-inflammatory proteins matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) and matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) and the expression of Bcl-3; Bcl-3 is an IL-1-responsive gene that preferentially contributes to MMP-1 gene expression."]], ["(2S,3R,4S,5S,8S,10S,12R,13R,14S)-11-[(2R,3S,4R,6S)-4-(dimethylamino)-3-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-2-ethyl-3,4,10-trihydroxy-13-[(2S,4S,5R,6R)-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-4,6-dimethyloxan-2-yl]oxy-3,5,6,8,10,12,14-heptamethyl-1-oxa-6-azacyclopentadecan-15-one", "CC[C@H]1[C@]([C@H]([C@@H](N(C[C@H](C[C@](C([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](C(=O)O1)C)O[C@@H]2C[C@]([C@@H]([C@H](O2)C)O)(C)OC)C)O[C@@H]3[C@H]([C@@H](C[C@@H](O3)C)N(C)C)O)(C)O)C)C)C)O)(C)O", ["A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic structurally related to ERYTHROMYCIN. It has been used in the treatment of Mycobacterium avium intracellulare infections, toxoplasmosis, and cryptosporidiosis."]], ["methyl (1S,10R,11S,12S)-11-acetyloxy-12-ethyl-4-[(13R,15R,17R)-17-ethyl-17-hydroxy-13-methoxycarbonyl-1,11-diazatetracyclo[13.3.1.04,12.05,10]nonadeca-4(12),5,7,9-tetraen-13-yl]-10-hydroxy-5-methoxy-8-methyl-8,16-diazapentacyclo[10.6.1.01,9.02,7.016,19]nonadeca-2,4,6,13-tetraene-10-carboxylate", "CC[C@]1(C[C@H]2C[C@](C3=C(CCN(C2)C1)C4=CC=CC=C4N3)(C5=C(C=C6C(=C5)[C@@]78CCN9C7[C@](C=CC9)([C@@H]([C@](C8N6C)(C(=O)OC)O)OC(=O)C)CC)OC)C(=O)OC)O", ["Vinblastine is a natural alkaloid isolated from the plant Vinca rosea Linn. Vinblastine binds to tubulin and inhibits microtubule formation, resulting in disruption of mitotic spindle assembly and arrest of tumor cells in the M phase of the cell cycle. This agent may also interfere with amino acid, cyclic AMP, and glutathione metabolism; calmodulin-dependent Ca++ -transport ATPase activity; cellular respiration; and nucleic acid and lipid biosynthesis. (NCI04)", "Antitumor alkaloid isolated from Vinca rosea. (Merck, 11th ed.)"]], ["sodium;(2R,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxyoxane-2-carboxylate", "[C@H]1([C@H]([C@@H](O[C@@H]([C@@H]1O)O)C(=O)[O-])O)O.[Na+]", ["Sodium Alginate is the sodium salt form of alginic acid and gum mainly extracted from the cell walls of brown algae, with chelating activity. Upon oral administration, sodium alginate binds to and blocks the intestinal absorption of various radioactive isotopes, such as radium Ra 226 (Ra-226) and strontium Sr 90 (Sr-90).", "Salts and esters of ALGINIC ACID that are used as HYDROGELS; DENTAL IMPRESSION MATERIALS, and as absorbent materials for surgical dressings (BANDAGES, HYDROCOLLOID). They are also used to manufacture MICROSPHERES and NANOPARTICLES for DIAGNOSTIC REAGENT KITS and DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS."]], ["(2R)-6-[[[(4R,4aR,5aR,6R,12aS)-4-(dimethylamino)-1,6,10,11,12a-pentahydroxy-6-methyl-3,12-dioxo-4,4a,5,5a-tetrahydrotetracene-2-carbonyl]amino]methylamino]-2-aminohexanoic acid", "C[C@]1([C@@H]2C[C@@H]3[C@H](C(=O)C(=C([C@@]3(C(=O)C2=C(C4=C1C=CC=C4O)O)O)O)C(=O)NCNCCCC[C@H](C(=O)O)N)N(C)C)O", ["A semisynthetic antibiotic related to TETRACYCLINE. It is more readily absorbed than TETRACYCLINE and can be used in lower doses."]], ["(3S,5R,6R,7S,9S,12S,13S,14R)-6-[(2R,3S,4R,6S)-4-(dimethylamino)-3-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-14-hydroxy-8-[(2S,4R,5R,6R)-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-5,7,9,12,13,15-hexamethyl-1,11-dioxaspiro[2.13]hexadecane-10,16-dione", "C[C@H]1C[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O1)O[C@@H]2[C@@H](C[C@]3(CO3)C(=O)C([C@@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](OC(=O)[C@H](C([C@H]2C)O[C@@H]4C[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O4)C)O)OC)C)C)C)O)C)C)O)N(C)C", ["(3S,5R,6R,7S,9S,12S,13S,14R)-6-[(2R,3S,4R,6S)-4-(dimethylamino)-3-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-14-hydroxy-8-[(2S,4R,5R,6R)-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-5,7,9,12,13,15-hexamethyl-1,11-dioxaspiro[2.13]hexadecane-10,16-dione is a natural product found in Streptomyces lividans and Streptomyces anthocyanicus with data available.", "Oleandomycin is a macrolide antibiotic similar to erythromycin with antimicrobial activity. Oleandomycin targets and reversibly binds to the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. This prevents translocation of peptidyl tRNA leading to an inhibition of protein synthesis.", "Antibiotic macrolide produced by Streptomyces antibioticus."]], ["(2R,4aR,6aR,6bS,10R,12aR,14bS)-10-hydroxy-2,4a,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-13-oxo-3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,14b-dodecahydro-1H-picene-2-carboxylic acid", "C[C@@]12CC[C@@](C[C@@H]1C3=CC(=O)C4[C@@]5(CC[C@H](C(C5CC[C@@]4([C@]3(CC2)C)C)(C)C)O)C)(C)C(=O)O", ["(2R,4aR,6aR,6bS,10R,12aR,14bS)-10-hydroxy-2,4a,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-13-oxo-3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,14b-dodecahydro-1H-picene-2-carboxylic acid is a natural product found in Glycyrrhiza with data available.", "An oleanolic acid from GLYCYRRHIZA that has some antiallergic, antibacterial, and antiviral properties. It is used topically for allergic or infectious skin inflammation and orally for its aldosterone effects in electrolyte regulation."]], ["(2R)-2-amino-3-[[(2S)-2,3-di(octadecanoyloxy)propoxy]-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxypropanoic acid", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](COP(=O)(O)OC[C@H](C(=O)O)N)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC", ["Phosphatidylserine is a phospholipid with a polar serine found in phosphoester linkage to diacylglycerol.", "Derivatives of PHOSPHATIDIC ACIDS in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to a SERINE moiety."]], ["(1R,9S,12S,13R,14S,17R,18E,21S,24R,25S,27R)-12-[(E)-1-[(1R,3R,4S)-4-chloro-3-methoxycyclohexyl]prop-1-en-2-yl]-17-ethyl-1,14-dihydroxy-23,25-dimethoxy-13,19,21,27-tetramethyl-11,28-dioxa-4-azatricyclo[22.3.1.04,9]octacos-18-ene-2,3,10,16-tetrone", "CC[C@@H]1/C=C(/C[C@@H](CC([C@@H]2[C@H](C[C@H]([C@@](O2)(C(=O)C(=O)N3CCCC[C@H]3C(=O)O[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](CC1=O)O)C)/C(=C/[C@@H]4CC[C@@H]([C@@H](C4)OC)Cl)/C)O)C)OC)OC)C)\\C", ["Pimecrolimus is a 33-epi-chloro-derivative of the ascomycin macrolactam with immunosuppressant property. Pimecrolimus binds to the receptor macrophilin-12 (FKBP-12) forming a complex that blocks the calcium-dependent signal transduction cascade mediated by calcineurin. Via dephosphorylation, calcineurin is the enzyme responsible for activating nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NF-AT), a T cell transcriptional regulatory factor. As a consequence, the synthesis and release of Th1- (T helper 1) and Th2- (T helper 2) type cytokines, and other inflammatory mediators from T-cells and mast cells are blocked and the expression of signals essential for the activation of inflammatory T-lymphocytes is inhibited. However, pimecrolimus mode of action is cell-selective and does not affect Langerhans' cells/dendritic cells and primary fibroblasts."]], ["(8R,9S,10R,11R,13R,14R,16R,17S)-9-chloro-11,17-dihydroxy-17-(2-hydroxyacetyl)-10,13,16-trimethyl-6,7,8,11,12,14,15,16-octahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one", "C[C@@H]1C[C@@H]2[C@H]3CCC4=CC(=O)C=C[C@]4([C@@]3([C@@H](C[C@]2([C@@]1(C(=O)CO)O)C)O)Cl)C", ["Beclomethasone is a synthetic glucocorticoid with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating properties.  After cell surface receptor attachment and cell entry, beclomethasone enters the nucleus where it binds to and activates specific nuclear receptors, resulting in an altered gene expression and inhibition of proinflammatory cytokine production.", "An anti-inflammatory, synthetic glucocorticoid. It is used topically as an anti-inflammatory agent and in aerosol form for the treatment of ASTHMA."]], ["(6S,7S)-7-[[(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-methoxyiminoacetyl]amino]-3-(furan-2-carbonylsulfanylmethyl)-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid;hydrochloride", "CO/N=C(/C1=CSC(=N1)N)\\C(=O)N[C@@H]2[C@H]3N(C2=O)C(=C(CS3)CSC(=O)C4=CC=CO4)C(=O)O.Cl", ["Ceftiofur Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of ceftiofur, a semisynthetic, beta-lactamase-stable, broad-spectrum, third-generation cephalosporin with antibacterial activity. Ceftiofur binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall. PBPs are enzymes involved in the terminal stages of assembling the bacterial cell wall and in reshaping the cell wall during growth and division. Inactivation of PBPs interferes with the cross-linkage of peptidoglycan chains necessary for bacterial cell wall strength and rigidity. This results in the weakening of the bacterial cell wall and causes cell lysis."]], ["(1R,12S,13R,14S,17S,18E,21R,24R,25S,27R)-12-[(E)-1-[(1R,3R,4S)-4-chloro-3-methoxycyclohexyl]prop-1-en-2-yl]-17-ethyl-1,14-dihydroxy-23,25-dimethoxy-13,19,21,27-tetramethyl-11,28-dioxa-4-azatricyclo[22.3.1.04,9]octacos-18-ene-2,3,10,16-tetrone", "CC[C@H]1/C=C(/C[C@H](CC([C@@H]2[C@H](C[C@H]([C@@](O2)(C(=O)C(=O)N3CCCCC3C(=O)O[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](CC1=O)O)C)/C(=C/[C@@H]4CC[C@@H]([C@@H](C4)OC)Cl)/C)O)C)OC)OC)C)\\C", ["Pimecrolimus is a 33-epi-chloro-derivative of the ascomycin macrolactam with immunosuppressant property. Pimecrolimus binds to the receptor macrophilin-12 (FKBP-12) forming a complex that blocks the calcium-dependent signal transduction cascade mediated by calcineurin. Via dephosphorylation, calcineurin is the enzyme responsible for activating nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NF-AT), a T cell transcriptional regulatory factor. As a consequence, the synthesis and release of Th1- (T helper 1) and Th2- (T helper 2) type cytokines, and other inflammatory mediators from T-cells and mast cells are blocked and the expression of signals essential for the activation of inflammatory T-lymphocytes is inhibited. However, pimecrolimus mode of action is cell-selective and does not affect Langerhans' cells/dendritic cells and primary fibroblasts."]], ["Levosalbutamol tartrate", "CC(C)(C)NC[C@@H](C1=CC(=C(C=C1)O)CO)O.CC(C)(C)NC[C@@H](C1=CC(=C(C=C1)O)CO)O.C(C(C(=O)O)O)(C(=O)O)O", ["Levalbuterol Tartrate is the tartrate salt form of levalbuterol, the R-enantiomer of the short-acting beta-2 adrenergic receptor agonist albuterol, with bronchodilator activity. Levalbuterol selectively binds to beta-2 adrenergic receptors in bronchial smooth muscle, thereby activating intracellular adenyl cyclase, an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to cyclic-3',5'-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). Increased cAMP levels cause relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle, relieve bronchospasms, improve mucociliary clearance and inhibit the release of mediators of immediate hypersensitivity from cells, especially from mast cells."]], ["Rose bengal sodium I-131", "C1=C2C(=C3C=C(C(=O)C(=C3OC2=C(C(=C1[131I])[O-])I)I)[131I])C4=C(C(=C(C(=C4Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)C(=O)[O-].[Na+].[Na+]", ["A bright bluish pink compound that has been used as a dye, biological stain, and diagnostic aid."]], ["Paltusotine", "C1CN(CCC1N)C2=C3C=C(C=CC3=NC=C2C4=CC(=CC(=C4)F)F)C5=CC=CC(=C5O)C#N", ["Paltusotine is under investigation in clinical trial NCT04261712 (A Study to Evaluate the Long-term Safety and Efficacy of Paltusotine for the Treatment of Acromegaly (ACROBAT Advance)).", "Paltusotine is an orally bioavailable, nonpeptide somatostatin receptor type 2 (SST2; SSTR2) agonist, with potential growth hormone (GH) secretion-inhibiting and antineoplastic activities. Upon oral administration, paltusotine targets, binds to and activates SSTR2, which leads to an inhibition in the secretion of human growth hormone (hGH) in the pituitary gland and results in decreased production of insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1). This may inhibit IGF-1-mediated cell signaling pathways, and lead to apoptosis. SSTR2 is overexpressed by some neuroendocrine tumor cells, and GH is over-produced in the pituitary gland in acromegaly."]], ["R1T69T65FJ", "C[C@H](C1=C(C=C(C=C1)Cl)Cl)N2C3=NC(=CN=C3C(=N2)C(F)(F)F)N4CC(C4)[C@H]5CCCN(C5)CCO", ["FLX475 is a small molecule CCR4 antagonist being investigated for the treatment of cancer."]], ["Ebvaciclib", "C[C@]1(CCC[C@H]1N2C3=NC(=NC=C3C=C(C2=O)C(F)F)NC4CCN(CC4)S(=O)(=O)C)O", ["Ebvaciclib is an orally bioavailable, cyclin dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, ebvaciclib selectively targets, binds to and inhibits the activity of CDKs. Inhibition of these kinases leads to cell cycle arrest, an induction of apoptosis, and inhibition of tumor cell proliferation. CDKs are ATP-dependent serine/threonine kinases that are important regulators of cell cycle progression and proliferation and are frequently overexpressed in tumor cells."]], ["Zeteletinib", "CC(C)(C1=NOC(=C1)NC(=O)CC2=CN=C(C=C2)C3=CN=C4C=C(C(=CC4=C3)OC)OC)C(F)(F)F", ["Zeteletinib is an orally bioavailable selective inhibitor of wild-type, fusion products and mutated forms, including gatekeeper mutations, of the proto-oncogene receptor tyrosine kinase rearranged during transfection (RET), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, zeteletinib selectively binds to and inhibits the activity of RET. This results in an inhibition of cell growth of tumors cells that exhibit increased RET activity. RET overexpression, activating mutations, and fusions result in the upregulation and/or overactivation of RET tyrosine kinase activity in various cancer cell types; dysregulation of RET activity plays a key role in the development and progression of these cancers."]], ["Bamocaftor", "C[C@H]1CC(N(C1)C2=C(C=CC(=N2)N3C=CC(=N3)OCCC4(CC4)C(F)(F)F)C(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C5=CC=CC=C5)(C)C", ["VX-659 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03224351 (A Study Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of VX-659 Combination Therapy in Subjects With Cystic Fibrosis)."]], ["Bavdegalutamide", "C1CC(CCC1NC(=O)C2=NN=C(C=C2)N3CCC(CC3)CN4CCN(CC4)C5=C(C=C6C(=C5)C(=O)N(C6=O)C7CCC(=O)NC7=O)F)OC8=CC(=C(C=C8)C#N)Cl", ["Bavdegalutamide is an orally available selective androgen receptor (AR)-targeted protein degrader, using the proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC) technology, with potential antineoplastic activity. Bavdegalutamide is composed of an AR ligand attached to an E3 ligase recognition moiety. Upon oral administration, bavdegalutamide targets and binds to the AR ligand binding domain. E3 ligase is recruited to the AR by the E3 ligase recognition moiety and the AR target protein is tagged by ubiquitin. This causes ubiquitination and degradation of AR by the proteasome. This prevents the expression of AR target genes and halts AR-mediated signaling. This results in an inhibition of proliferation in AR-overexpressing tumor cells. In addition, the degradation of the AR protein releases the ARV-110 is released and can bind to additional AR target proteins. AR plays a key role in the proliferation of castration-resistant prostate cancer cells (CRPC)."]], ["VI6E2D3Cyp", "CC(C)N(C)C1=CC=C(C=C1)[C@H]2C[C@]3([C@@H](CC[C@]3(C#CC(C)(C)C)O)[C@H]4[C@H]2[C@H]5CCC(=O)C=C5CC4)C", ["Glucocorticoid Receptor Antagonist ORIC-101 is a mifepristone-based steroidal glucocorticoid receptor (GR) antagonist with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, ORIC-101 selectively binds to GRs, thereby inhibiting the activation of GR-mediated proliferative and anti-apoptotic gene expression pathways. The GR, a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily of ligand-dependent transcription factors, is overexpressed in certain tumor types and may be associated with tumor cell proliferation and treatment resistance. Inhibition of GR activity may potentially slow tumor cell growth and disease progression in certain cancers. Due to its reduced androgen receptor (AR) agonistic activity and improved cytochrome P450 2C8 (CYP2C8) and 2C9 (CYP2C9) inhibition profile, ORIC-101 may be useful in the treatment of AR-positive tumors with reduced potential for drug-drug interactions."]], ["Camizestrant", "C[C@@H]1CC2=C(C=CC3=C2C=NN3)[C@H](N1CC(F)(F)F)C4=NC=C(C=C4)NC5CN(C5)CCCF", ["Camizestrant is an orally available selective estrogen receptor degrader (SERD), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, camizestrant binds to the estrogen receptor (ER) and induces a conformational change that results in the degradation of the receptor. This prevents ER-mediated signaling and inhibits the growth and survival of ER-expressing cancer cells."]], ["Inobrodib", "CC1=C(C(=NO1)C)C2=CC3=C(C=C2)N(C(=N3)[C@@H]4CCCC(=O)N4C5=CC(=C(C=C5)F)F)C6CCC(CC6)OC", ["Inobrodib is an orally bioavailable, small molecule inhibitor of the highly conserved bromodomains of the histone acetyltransferase (HAT) paralogs, p300 (E1A-associated protein p300; p300 HAT) and CREB binding protein (CBP), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, inobrodib selectively and reversibly binds to the bromodomains of p300 and CBP. This disrupts the acetylation of histones and other proteins and prevents the co-activation of key transcription factors that contribute to tumor progression including the androgen receptor (AR), androgen receptor splice variants (AR-SV), hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1-alpha) and Myc proto-oncogene protein (c-Myc). The HAT paralogs p300 and CBP are key transcriptional co-activators that are essential for a multitude of cellular processes and are implicated in the progression and therapeutic resistance of certain cancers."]], ["Betamethasone 17,21-dipropionate pound>>Alphatrex", "CCC(=O)OCC(=O)[C@]1(C(C[C@@H]2[C@@]1(C[C@@H]([C@]3([C@H]2CCC4=CC(=O)C=C[C@@]43C)F)O)C)C)OC(=O)CC", ["Betamethasone Dipropionate is the 17,21-dipropionate ester of betamethasone, a synthetic glucocorticoid with metabolic, immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory actions. Betamethasone dipropionate binds to specific intracellular glucocorticoid receptors and subsequently binds to DNA to modify gene expression. The synthesis of certain anti-inflammatory proteins is induced while the synthesis of certain inflammatory mediators is inhibited.  As a result, there is an overall reduction in chronic inflammation and autoimmune reactions."]], ["(S)-N-(2-Chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-4-(4-ethyl-3-(hydroxymethyl)-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-5-fluoro-2-((1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-yl)oxy)benzamide", "CCN1C(=NN(C1=O)C2=C(C=C(C(=C2)O[C@@H](C)C(F)(F)F)C(=O)NC3=C(C=CC=C3Cl)F)F)CO", ["Orludodstat is an orally available inhibitor of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, orludodstat specifically targets, binds to and prevents the activation of DHODH, thereby preventing the fourth enzymatic step in de novo pyrimidine synthesis. This prevents uridine monophosphate (UMP) formation, DNA synthesis, cell division and cellular proliferation, causes reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, enables differentiation and induces apoptosis in susceptible tumor cells. DHODH, a mitochondrial enzyme, catalyzes the conversion of dihydroorotate (DHO) to orotate in the endogenous synthesis of UMP."]], ["Vepdegestrant", "C1CC2=C(C=CC(=C2)O)[C@H]([C@H]1C3=CC=CC=C3)C4=CC=C(C=C4)N5CCC(CC5)CN6CCN(CC6)C7=CC8=C(C=C7)C(=O)N(C8)[C@H]9CCC(=O)NC9=O", ["ER alpha Proteolysis-targeting Chimera Protein Degrader ARV-471 is an orally available hetero-bifunctional molecule and selective estrogen receptor (ER) alpha-targeted protein degrader, using the proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC) technology, with potential antineoplastic activity. ARV-471 is composed of an ER alpha ligand attached to an E3 ligase recognition moiety. Upon oral administration, ARV-471 targets and binds to the ER ligand binding domain on ER alpha. E3 ligase is recruited to the ER by the E3 ligase recognition moiety and ER alpha is tagged by ubiquitin. This causes ubiquitination and degradation of ER alpha by the proteasome. This decreases ER alpha protein levels, decreases the expression of ER alpha-target genes and halts ER-mediated signaling. This results in an inhibition of proliferation in ER alpha-overexpressing tumor cells. In addition, the degradation of the ER alpha protein releases the ARV-471 and can bind to additional ER alpha target proteins. ER alpha is overexpressed in a variety of cancers and plays a key role in cancer cell proliferation."]], ["Danuglipron", "C1CO[C@@H]1CN2C3=C(C=CC(=C3)C(=O)O)N=C2CN4CCC(CC4)C5=NC(=CC=C5)OCC6=C(C=C(C=C6)C#N)F", ["PF-06882961 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03985293 (A 16 Week Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of PF-06882961 in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus)."]], ["Lorpucitinib", "CC(C)(CNC(=O)CC1=NC2=CN=C3C(=C2N1C4CCC(CC4)CC#N)C=CN3)O", ["Lorpucitinib is an orally bioavailable pan-inhibitor of the Janus associated-kinases (JAKs), with potential immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory activities. Upon oral administration, lorpucitinib works in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract where it targets, binds to and inhibits the activity of the JAKs, thereby disrupting JAK-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling pathways and the phosphorylation of STAT proteins. This may inhibit the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, reducing inflammatory responses and preventing inflammation-induced damage. The Janus kinase family of non-receptor tyrosine kinases, which includes tyrosine-protein kinase JAK1 (Janus kinase 1; JAK1), tyrosine-protein kinase JAK2 (Janus kinase 2; JAK2), tyrosine-protein kinase JAK3 (Janus kinase 3; JAK3) and non-receptor tyrosine-protein kinase TYK2 (tyrosine kinase 2), plays a key role in cytokine signaling and inflammaton."]], ["(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-2-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-[[(1S,2S,7S,10R,11S,14S,15R,16S,17R,20S,23R)-10,14,16,20-tetramethyl-22-azahexacyclo[12.10.0.02,11.05,10.015,23.017,22]tetracos-4-en-7-yl]oxy]-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol", "C[C@H]1CC[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@H]3[C@H](N2C1)C[C@@H]4[C@@]3(CC[C@H]5[C@H]4CC=C6[C@@]5(CC[C@@H](C6)O[C@H]7[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@H](O7)CO)O)O[C@H]8[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O8)CO)O)O)O)O[C@H]9[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O9)C)O)O)O)C)C)C", ["(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-2-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-[[(1S,2S,7S,10R,11S,14S,15R,16S,17R,20S,23R)-10,14,16,20-tetramethyl-22-azahexacyclo[12.10.0.02,11.05,10.015,23.017,22]tetracos-4-en-7-yl]oxy]-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol is a natural product found in Solanum acaule, Solanum sucrense, and other organisms with data available.", "A mixture of alpha-chaconine and alpha-solanine, found in SOLANACEAE plants."]], ["[(1R,10R,11S,12S,14S,23S,25R)-1,10,11,12,14,23-hexahydroxy-6,10,19-trimethyl-24-oxa-4-azaheptacyclo[12.12.0.02,11.04,9.015,25.018,23.019,25]hexacosan-22-yl] 3,4-dimethoxybenzoate", "CC1CCC2[C@@]([C@]3([C@H](C[C@@]4(C5CCC6[C@]7(C(CCC6([C@@]5(O7)C[C@]4(C3CN2C1)O)C)OC(=O)C8=CC(=C(C=C8)OC)OC)O)O)O)O)(C)O", ["A benzoate-cevane found in VERATRUM and Schoenocaulon. It activates SODIUM CHANNELS to stay open longer than normal."]], ["CID 134688154", "CC(=CC=CC=C(C)C=CC=C(C)/C=C/C(=O)OC)C=CC=C(C)C=CC(=O)O", ["CID 134688154 is a natural product found in Bixa orellana with data available."]], ["2-[(1S,4S,10S,13S,16S,34S)-34-[(2R)-butan-2-yl]-13-[(2R,3R)-3,4-dihydroxybutan-2-yl]-8,22-dihydroxy-2,5,11,14,27,30,33,36,39-nonaoxo-27lambda4-thia-3,6,12,15,25,29,32,35,38-nonazapentacyclo[14.12.11.06,10.018,26.019,24]nonatriaconta-18(26),19(24),20,22-tetraen-4-yl]acetic acid", "CC[C@@H](C)[C@H]1C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H]2CS(=O)C3=C(C[C@@H](C(=O)NCC(=O)N1)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H]4CC(CN4C(=O)[C@@H](NC2=O)CC(=O)O)O)[C@@H](C)[C@H](CO)O)C5=C(N3)C=C(C=C5)O", ["2-[(1S,4S,10S,13S,16S,34S)-34-[(2R)-butan-2-yl]-13-[(2R,3R)-3,4-dihydroxybutan-2-yl]-8,22-dihydroxy-2,5,11,14,27,30,33,36,39-nonaoxo-27lambda4-thia-3,6,12,15,25,29,32,35,38-nonazapentacyclo[14.12.11.06,10.018,26.019,24]nonatriaconta-18(26),19(24),20,22-tetraen-4-yl]acetic acid is a natural product found in Galerina marginata, Amanita verna, and other organisms with data available."]], ["(8S,9R,10S,11S,13S,14S,16S,17R)-9-chloro-11,17-dihydroxy-17-(2-hydroxyacetyl)-10,13,16-trimethyl-6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-3H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one", "C[C@H]1C[C@H]2[C@@H]3CCC4=CC(=O)C=C[C@@]4([C@]3([C@H](C[C@]2([C@@]1(C(=O)CO)O)C)O)Cl)C", ["Beclomethasone is a synthetic glucocorticoid with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating properties.  After cell surface receptor attachment and cell entry, beclomethasone enters the nucleus where it binds to and activates specific nuclear receptors, resulting in an altered gene expression and inhibition of proinflammatory cytokine production.", "An anti-inflammatory, synthetic glucocorticoid. It is used topically as an anti-inflammatory agent and in aerosol form for the treatment of ASTHMA."]], ["Ethyloestrenol", "CC[C@@]1(CC[C@@H]2[C@@]1(CC[C@@H]3[C@H]2CCC4=CCCC[C@H]34)C)O", ["An anabolic steroid with some progestational activity and little androgenic effect."]], ["1-((3R,5S,8R,9S,10S,13S,14S,17S)-3-Hydroxy-10,13-dimethylhexadecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl)ethanone", "CC(=O)[C@H]1CC[C@@H]2[C@]1(CC[C@H]3[C@H]2CC[C@@H]4[C@@]3(CC[C@H](C4)O)C)C", ["A pregnane found in the urine of pregnant women and sows. It has anesthetic, hypnotic, and sedative properties."]], ["(7S,9S)-7-[(2R)-4-amino-6-methyl-5-[(2R)-oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-6,9,11-trihydroxy-9-(2-hydroxyacetyl)-4-methoxy-8,10-dihydro-7H-tetracene-5,12-dione;hydrochloride", "CC1C(C(C[C@@H](O1)O[C@H]2C[C@@](CC3=C2C(=C4C(=C3O)C(=O)C5=C(C4=O)C(=CC=C5)OC)O)(C(=O)CO)O)N)O[C@@H]6CCCCO6.Cl", ["Pirarubicin Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of pirarubicin, an analogue of the anthracycline antineoplastic antibiotic doxorubicin with antineoplastic activity. Pirarubicin intercalates into DNA and interacts with topoisomerase II, thereby inhibiting DNA replication and repair as well as RNA and protein synthesis. This agent is less cardiotoxic than doxorubicin and exhibits activity against some doxorubicin-resistant cell lines."]], ["THP-Adriamycin;Tepirubicin;Therarubiein; THP-Doxorubicin", "CC1C(C(C[C@@H](O1)O[C@H]2C[C@@](CC3=C2C(=C4C(=C3O)C(=O)C5=C(C4=O)C(=CC=C5)OC)O)(C(=O)CO)O)N)O[C@@H]6CCCCO6", ["Pirarubicin is an analogue of the anthracycline antineoplastic antibiotic doxorubicin.  Pirarubicin intercalates into DNA and interacts with topoisomerase II, thereby inhibiting DNA replication and repair and RNA and protein synthesis.  This agent is less cardiotoxic than doxorubicin and exhibits activity against some doxorubicin-resistant cell lines. (NCI04)"]], ["Antibioticyl-704a3", "C[C@@H]1C/C=C/C=C/C(C(CC([C@@H](C([C@@H](CC(=O)O1)OC(=O)C)OC)O[C@H]2C([C@H]([C@@H](C(O2)C)O[C@H]3C[C@@]([C@H]([C@@H](O3)C)OC(=O)CC(C)C)(C)O)N(C)C)O)CC=O)C)O", ["A macrolide antibiotic from Streptomyces narbonensis. The drug has antimicrobial activity against a wide spectrum of pathogens."]], ["6-[[(4E,6E,9S,10E,14S)-9-carbamoyloxy-13-hydroxy-8,14-dimethoxy-4,10,12,16-tetramethyl-3,20,22-trioxo-2-azabicyclo[16.3.1]docosa-1(21),4,6,10,18-pentaen-19-yl]amino]hexyl-triphenylphosphanium", "CC1C[C@@H](C(C(/C=C(/[C@@H](C(/C=C/C=C(/C(=O)NC2=CC(=O)C(=C(C1)C2=O)NCCCCCC[P+](C3=CC=CC=C3)(C4=CC=CC=C4)C5=CC=CC=C5)\\C)OC)OC(=O)N)\\C)C)O)OC", ["Gamitrinib is a resorcinolic-based mitochondrial-targeted heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) family inhibitor, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, gamitrinib targets and inhibits the activity of Hsp90 heat shock proteins, such as TNF receptor-associated protein-1 (TRAP1). This induces the accumulation of the mitochondrial kinase PINK1 and the cytosolic E3 ubiquitin (Ub) ligase Parkin, ubiquitylates substrate proteins, and induces PINK1/Parkin-dependent mitophagy. Gamitrinib induces acute mitochondrial dysfunction, loss of membrane potential and membrane rupture leading to the induction of apoptosis in susceptible tumor cells. Hsp90, a chaperone complex protein upregulated in a variety of tumor cell types, regulates the folding and degradation of many oncogenic signaling proteins."]], ["2-[(1R,4S,10S,13S,16S,34S)-34-[(2S)-butan-2-yl]-13-[(2R,3R)-3,4-dihydroxybutan-2-yl]-8,22-dihydroxy-2,5,11,14,27,30,33,36,39-nonaoxo-27lambda4-thia-3,6,12,15,25,29,32,35,38-nonazapentacyclo[14.12.11.06,10.018,26.019,24]nonatriaconta-18(26),19(24),20,22-tetraen-4-yl]acetamide", "CC[C@H](C)[C@H]1C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@H]2CS(=O)C3=C(C[C@@H](C(=O)NCC(=O)N1)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H]4CC(CN4C(=O)[C@@H](NC2=O)CC(=O)N)O)[C@@H](C)[C@H](CO)O)C5=C(N3)C=C(C=C5)O", ["A cyclic octapeptide with a thioether bridge between the cystine and tryptophan. It inhibits RNA POLYMERASE II. Poisoning may require LIVER TRANSPLANTATION."]], ["(1S,2S,8S,9S,11S,12R,13S)-8-(2-chloroacetyl)-12-fluoro-11-hydroxy-6,6,9,13-tetramethyl-5,7-dioxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-17-en-16-one", "C[C@]12CCC(=O)C=C1CC[C@@H]3[C@@]2([C@H](C[C@]4([C@H]3CC5[C@]4(OC(O5)(C)C)C(=O)CCl)C)O)F", ["A glucocorticoid used topically in the treatment of DERMATITIS; ECZEMA; or PSORIASIS. It may cause skin irritation."]], ["(2R,3S,4R,8R,10R,12S,13S)-11-[(4S,6R)-4-(dimethylamino)-3-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-2-ethyl-3,4,10-trihydroxy-13-[(4R,5S)-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-4,6-dimethyloxan-2-yl]oxy-3,5,6,8,10,12,14-heptamethyl-1-oxa-6-azacyclopentadecan-15-one", "CC[C@@H]1[C@@]([C@@H](C(N(C[C@@H](C[C@@](C([C@H]([C@@H](C(C(=O)O1)C)OC2C[C@@]([C@H](C(O2)C)O)(C)OC)C)OC3C([C@H](C[C@H](O3)C)N(C)C)O)(C)O)C)C)C)O)(C)O", ["A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic structurally related to ERYTHROMYCIN. It has been used in the treatment of Mycobacterium avium intracellulare infections, toxoplasmosis, and cryptosporidiosis."]], ["Clindamycin Palmitate HCl; Cleocin pediatric; U 25179E; U-25179-E; U25179E", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC1[C@H](O[C@@H]([C@@H](C1O)O)[C@@H](C(C)Cl)NC(=O)[C@@H]2C[C@H](CN2C)CCC)SC.Cl", ["Clindamycin Palmitate Hydrochloride is the palmitate hydrochloride form of clindamycin, a semi-synthetic, chlorinated broad spectrum antibiotic produced by chemical modification of lincomycin. Clindamycin palmitate hydrochloride is used for oral suspension."]], ["3-[(1R,2S)-2-amino-1-hydroxypropyl]phenol;(3R)-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid", "C[C@@H]([C@@H](C1=CC(=CC=C1)O)O)N.[C@@H](C(C(=O)O)O)(C(=O)O)O", ["A sympathomimetic agent that acts predominantly at alpha-1 adrenergic receptors. It has been used primarily as a vasoconstrictor in the treatment of HYPOTENSION."]], ["Albuvirtide", "CC[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(C=C1)O)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCNC(=O)COCCOCCNC(=O)CCN2C(=O)C=CC2=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC3=CNC=N3)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCNC(=N)N)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC4=CNC5=CC=CC=C54)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC6=CNC7=CC=CC=C76)NC(=O)C", ["Albuvirtide is an investigational drug that is being studied to treat HIV infection. Albuvirtide has also been evaluated for use as part of HIV post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) regimens.", "Albuvirtide is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03719664 (Albuvirtide and 3BNC117 as Long-Acting Maintenance Therapy in Virologically Suppressed Subjects)."]], ["Technetium tc-99m succimer", "[C@@H]([C@@H](C(=O)O)S)(C(=O)O)S.[C@@H]([C@@H](C(=O)O)S)(C(=O)O)S.O=[99Tc+3]", ["Technetium tc-99m succimer is a Radioactive Diagnostic Agent. The mechanism of action of technetium tc-99m succimer is as a Radiopharmaceutical Activity.", "A nontoxic radiopharmaceutical that is used in the diagnostic imaging of the renal cortex."]], ["Disodium;2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaoxido-1,3,5,2,4,6-trioxatrisilinane;zirconium", "[O-][Si]1(O[Si](O[Si](O1)([O-])[O-])([O-])[O-])[O-].[Na+].[Na+].[Zr]", ["Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate is approved as the trade product Lokelma developed by AstraZeneca - an insoluble, non-absorbed sodium zirconium silicate, formulated as a powder for oral suspension that acts as a highly selective potassium removing agent. It is administered orally and is odorless, tasteless, and stable at room temperature. Approval of the medication is supported by data from three double-blind, placebo-controlled trials and two open-label trials which showed that the onset of action was approximately 1.0 hour and the median time to achieving normal potassium levels in the blood was 2.2 hours, with 92% of patients achieving normal potassium levels within 48 hours following administration. The treatment effect was maintained for up to 12 months."]], ["(1R,3S,5R)-2-[2-amino-2-[(5S)-3-hydroxy-1-adamantyl]acetyl]-2-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-3-carbonitrile", "C1[C@H]2C[C@H]2N([C@@H]1C#N)C(=O)C(C34C[C@@H]5CC(C3)CC(C5)(C4)O)N", ["Saxagliptin is a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor which is used in combination with diet and exercise in the therapy of type 2 diabetes, either alone or in combination with other oral hypoglycemic agents. Saxagliptin is a relatively new medication and has yet to be implicated in causing clinically apparent liver injury.", "Saxagliptin is a potent, selective and competitive, cyanopyrrolidine-based, orally bioavailable inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4), with hypoglycemic activity. Saxagliptin is metabolized into an, although less potent, active mono-hydroxy metabolite."]], ["(1R,9S,12S,17R,18E,21S,23S,24R,25S)-12-[(E)-1-[(3R,4S)-4-chloro-3-methoxycyclohexyl]prop-1-en-2-yl]-17-ethyl-1,14-dihydroxy-23,25-dimethoxy-13,19,21,27-tetramethyl-11,28-dioxa-4-azatricyclo[22.3.1.04,9]octacos-18-ene-2,3,10,16-tetrone", "CC[C@@H]1/C=C(/C[C@@H](C[C@@H]([C@@H]2[C@H](CC([C@@](O2)(C(=O)C(=O)N3CCCC[C@H]3C(=O)O[C@@H](C(C(CC1=O)O)C)/C(=C/C4CC[C@@H]([C@@H](C4)OC)Cl)/C)O)C)OC)OC)C)\\C", ["Pimecrolimus is a 33-epi-chloro-derivative of the ascomycin macrolactam with immunosuppressant property. Pimecrolimus binds to the receptor macrophilin-12 (FKBP-12) forming a complex that blocks the calcium-dependent signal transduction cascade mediated by calcineurin. Via dephosphorylation, calcineurin is the enzyme responsible for activating nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NF-AT), a T cell transcriptional regulatory factor. As a consequence, the synthesis and release of Th1- (T helper 1) and Th2- (T helper 2) type cytokines, and other inflammatory mediators from T-cells and mast cells are blocked and the expression of signals essential for the activation of inflammatory T-lymphocytes is inhibited. However, pimecrolimus mode of action is cell-selective and does not affect Langerhans' cells/dendritic cells and primary fibroblasts."]], ["(6R)-4-[[(2R)-2-[[4-(1,2-benzothiazol-3-yl)piperazin-1-yl]methyl]cyclohexyl]methyl]-4-azatricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]decane-3,5-dione", "C1CCC([C@@H](C1)CN2CCN(CC2)C3=NSC4=CC=CC=C43)CN5C(=O)[C@@H]6C7CCC(C7)C6C5=O", ["A thiazole derivative and atypical ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENT that functions as a DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST, serotonin 5-HT7 receptor antagonist, and antagonist of the adrenergic \u03b12A and \u03b12C receptors, as well as a partial SEROTONIN 5-HT1A RECEPTOR AGONIST. It is used in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA and BIPOLAR DISORDER."]], ["(2R,3R)-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid;[3-[1-(dimethylamino)ethyl]phenyl] N-ethyl-N-methylcarbamate", "CCN(C)C(=O)OC1=CC=CC(=C1)C(C)N(C)C.[C@@H]([C@H](C(=O)O)O)(C(=O)O)O", ["Rivastigmine Tartrate is the tartrate salt form of rivastigmine, a phenylcarbamate derivative exhibiting cognitive stimulating property. Although the mechanism of action has not been fully elucidated, rivastigmine tartrate may bind reversibly to cholinesterase, thereby decreasing the breakdown of acetylcholine and enhancing cholinergic function."]], ["(Rac)-Rivastigmine-d6 (tartrate)", "[2H]C([2H])([2H])N(C(C)C1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(=O)N(C)CC)C([2H])([2H])[2H].[C@@H]([C@H](C(=O)O)O)(C(=O)O)O", ["Rivastigmine Tartrate is the tartrate salt form of rivastigmine, a phenylcarbamate derivative exhibiting cognitive stimulating property. Although the mechanism of action has not been fully elucidated, rivastigmine tartrate may bind reversibly to cholinesterase, thereby decreasing the breakdown of acetylcholine and enhancing cholinergic function."]], ["(2S,4S)-4-cyclohexyl-1-[2-[[4,4-dideuterio-4-(2,3,4,5,6-pentadeuteriophenyl)butyl]-[(1S)-2-methyl-1-propanoyloxypropoxy]phosphoryl]acetyl]pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid", "[2H]C1=C(C(=C(C(=C1[2H])[2H])C([2H])([2H])CCCP(=O)(CC(=O)N2C[C@@H](C[C@H]2C(=O)O)C3CCCCC3)O[C@@H](C(C)C)OC(=O)CC)[2H])[2H]", ["Fosinopril is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor used in the therapy of hypertension and heart failure. Fosinopril is associated with a low rate of transient serum aminotransferase elevations during therapy and has been linked to rare instances of acute liver injury.", "Fosinopril is a phosphinic acid-containing angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor with antihypertensive activity. As an ester prodrug, fosinopril is hydrolysed by esterases to its active metabolite fosinoprilat. Fosinoprilat specifically and competitively inhibits angiotensin-converting enzyme thereby decreasing the formation of the potent vasoconstrictor angiotensin II, resulting in diminished vasopressor activity. In addition, angiotensin II-mediated aldosterone secretion by adrenal cortex is decreased, which results in a decrease of sodium retention and an increase in water outflow.", "A phosphinic acid-containing angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor that is effective in the treatment of hypertension. It is a prodrug that is converted to its active metabolite fosinoprilat."]], ["Natamycin (Pimaricin)", "C[C@@H]1C/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/[C@@H](C[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H](C[C@](O2)(C[C@H](C[C@@H]3[C@H](O3)/C=C/C(=O)O1)O)O)O)C(=O)O)O[C@H]4[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O4)C)O)N)O", ["Natamycin is a polyene amphoteric macrolide antibiotic with antifungal properties. Natamycin exerts its antifungal effects by binding to sterols in the fungal cell membrane thereby increasing membrane permeability. This leads to a leakage and loss of essential cellular constituents. Following ocular application, natamycin is retained in the conjunctival fornices and attains effective concentrations within the corneal stroma where it exerts its effect.", "Amphoteric macrolide antifungal antibiotic from Streptomyces natalensis or S. chattanoogensis. It is used for a variety of fungal infections, mainly topically."]], ["[(7S,9E,11S,12R,13S,14R,15R,16R,17S,18S,19E)-2,15,17,36-tetrahydroxy-11-methoxy-3,7,12,14,16,18,22,30-octamethyl-6,23-dioxo-8,37-dioxa-24,27,33-triazahexacyclo[23.10.1.14,7.05,35.026,34.027,32]heptatriaconta-1(35),2,4,9,19,21,25(36),26(34),28,30,32-undecaen-13-yl] acetate", "C[C@H]1/C=C/C=C(C(=O)NC2=C(C3=C(C4=C(C(=C3O)C)O[C@@](C4=O)(O/C=C/[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]1O)C)O)C)OC(=O)C)C)OC)C)C5=C2N6C=CC(=CC6=N5)C)O)C", ["Rifaximin is a nonabsorbable antibiotic that is used as treatment and prevention of travelers\u2019 diarrhea and, in higher doses, for prevention of hepatic encephalopathy in patients with advanced liver disease and to treat diarrhea in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Rifaximin has minimal oral absorption and has not been implicated in causing liver test abnormalities or clinically apparent liver injury.", "Rifaximin is an orally administered, semi-synthetic, nonsystemic antibiotic derived from rifamycin SV with antibacterial activity. Rifaximin binds to the beta-subunit of bacterial DNA-dependent RNA polymerase, inhibiting bacterial RNA synthesis and bacterial cell growth. As rifaximin is not well absorbed, its antibacterial activity is largely localized to the gastrointestinal tract."]], ["methyl (9R,10S,11S,12R,19R)-11-acetyloxy-12-ethyl-4-[(13S,15R,17S)-17-ethyl-17-hydroxy-13-methoxycarbonyl-1,11-diazatetracyclo[13.3.1.04,12.05,10]nonadeca-4(12),5,7,9-tetraen-13-yl]-8-formyl-10-hydroxy-5-methoxy-8,16-diazapentacyclo[10.6.1.01,9.02,7.016,19]nonadeca-2,4,6,13-tetraene-10-carboxylate", "CC[C@@]1(C[C@H]2C[C@@](C3=C(CCN(C2)C1)C4=CC=CC=C4N3)(C5=C(C=C6C(=C5)C78CCN9[C@H]7[C@@](C=CC9)([C@@H]([C@@]([C@@H]8N6C=O)(C(=O)OC)O)OC(=O)C)CC)OC)C(=O)OC)O", ["Vincristine appears as a white crystalline solid. Melting point 218 \u00b0C. Used as an antineoplastic.", "Vincristine is a natural alkaloid isolated from the plant Vinca rosea Linn. Vincristine binds irreversibly to microtubules and spindle proteins in S phase of the cell cycle and interferes with the formation of the mitotic spindle, thereby arresting tumor cells in metaphase. This agent also depolymerizes microtubules and may also interfere with amino acid, cyclic AMP, and glutathione metabolism; calmodulin-dependent Ca++ -transport ATPase activity; cellular respiration; and nucleic acid and lipid biosynthesis. (NCI04)"]], ["cobalt(3+);[(2S,3S,4R,5S)-5-(5,6-dimethylbenzimidazol-1-yl)-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl] [(2R)-1-[3-[(1S,2R,3R,7S,12S,13S,15Z,17S,18S,19R)-2,13,18-tris(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-7,12,17-tris(3-amino-3-oxopropyl)-3,5,8,8,13,15,18,19-octamethyl-2,7,12,17-tetrahydro-1H-corrin-24-id-3-yl]propanoylamino]propan-2-yl] phosphate;cyanide", "CC1=CC2=C(C=C1C)N(C=N2)[C@@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](O3)CO)OP(=O)([O-])O[C@H](C)CNC(=O)CC[C@@]4([C@H]([C@H]5[C@]6([C@@]([C@@H](/C(=C(/C7=NC(=CC8=NC(=C(C4=N5)C)[C@H](C8(C)C)CCC(=O)N)[C@H]([C@]7(C)CC(=O)N)CCC(=O)N)\\C)/[N-]6)CCC(=O)N)(C)CC(=O)N)C)CC(=O)N)C)O.[C-]#N.[Co+3]", ["vitamin B12 is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655)."]], ["[(2R,4S)-9-methyl-3-oxa-9-azatricyclo[3.3.1.02,4]nonan-7-yl] (2R)-3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate", "CN1C2CC(CC1[C@@H]3[C@H]2O3)OC(=O)[C@@H](CO)C4=CC=CC=C4", ["[(2R,4S)-9-methyl-3-oxa-9-azatricyclo[3.3.1.02,4]nonan-7-yl] (2R)-3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate is a natural product found in Myoxanthus, Hyoscyamus, and Brugmansia suaveolens with data available.", "Scopolamine is a tropane alkaloid derived from plants of the nightshade family (Solanaceae), specifically Hyoscyamus niger and Atropa belladonna, with anticholinergic, antiemetic and antivertigo properties. Structurally similar to acetylcholine, scopolamine antagonizes acetylcholine activity mediated by muscarinic receptors located on structures innervated by postganglionic cholinergic nerves as well as on smooth muscles that respond to acetylcholine but lack cholinergic innervation. The agent is used to cause mydriasis, cycloplegia, to control the secretion of saliva and gastric acid, to slow gut motility, and prevent vomiting."]], ["(2R,3S,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-[[(1S,2S,7S,10R,11S,14S,15R,16S,17S,20S,23S)-10,14,16,20-tetramethyl-22-azahexacyclo[12.10.0.02,11.05,10.015,23.017,22]tetracos-4-en-7-yl]oxy]-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol", "C[C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]([C@H]3[C@@H](N2C1)C[C@@H]4[C@@]3(CC[C@H]5[C@H]4CC=C6[C@@]5(CC[C@@H](C6)O[C@H]7[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@H](O7)CO)O)O[C@H]8[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O8)CO)O)O)O)O[C@@H]9[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O9)C)O)O)O)C)C)C", ["(2R,3S,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-[[(1S,2S,7S,10R,11S,14S,15R,16S,17S,20S,23S)-10,14,16,20-tetramethyl-22-azahexacyclo[12.10.0.02,11.05,10.015,23.017,22]tetracos-4-en-7-yl]oxy]-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol is a natural product found in Solanum americanum, Solanum vernei, and other organisms with data available."]], ["2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid;iron(3+)", "C(C(=O)O)C(CC(=O)O)(C(=O)O)O.[Fe+3]", ["Ferric ammonium citrate is a yellowish brown to red solid with a faint odor of ammonia. It is soluble in water. The primary hazard is the threat to the environment. Immediate steps should be taken to limit its spread to the environment. It is used in medicine, in making blueprints, and as a feed additive."]], ["[2-[Carboxymethyl-[2-[carboxymethyl-[2-[carboxymethyl-[2-(methylamino)-2-oxoniumylideneethyl]amino]ethyl]amino]ethyl]amino]-1-(methylamino)ethylidene]oxidanium;gadolinium(2+)", "CNC(=[OH+])CN(CCN(CCN(CC(=[OH+])NC)CC(=O)O)CC(=O)O)CC(=O)O.[Gd+2]", ["Gadodiamide is a paramagnetic gadolinium-based contrast agent (GBCA), with imaging activity upon magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). When placed in a magnetic field, gadodiamide generates a large local magnetic field, which can enhance the relaxation rate of nearby protons. This change in proton relaxation dynamics, iincreases the MRI signal intensity of tissues in which gadodiamide has accumulated; therefore, visualization of those tissues is enhanced."]], ["2-[Bis[2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl]amino]acetic acid;gadolinium(3+)", "C(CN(CC(=O)O)CC(=O)O)N(CCN(CC(=O)O)CC(=O)O)CC(=O)O.[Gd+3]", ["A complex of gadolinium with a chelating agent, diethylenetriamine penta-acetic acid (DTPA see PENTETIC ACID), that is given to enhance the image in cranial and spinal MRIs. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p706)"]], ["cobalt;[(2S,5S)-5-(5,6-dimethylbenzimidazol-1-yl)-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl] [(2R)-1-[3-[(1R,2R,3R,4Z,7S,9Z,12S,13S,14Z,17S,18S,19R)-2,13,18-tris(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-7,12,17-tris(3-amino-3-oxopropyl)-3,5,8,8,13,15,18,19-octamethyl-2,7,12,17-tetrahydro-1H-corrin-21-id-3-yl]propanoylamino]propan-2-yl] phosphate;hydrate", "CC1=CC2=C(C=C1C)N(C=N2)[C@@H]3C(C([C@@H](O3)CO)OP(=O)([O-])O[C@H](C)CNC(=O)CC[C@@]\\4([C@H]([C@@H]5[C@]6([C@@]([C@@H](C(=N6)/C(=C\\7/[C@@]([C@@H](C(=N7)/C=C\\8/C([C@@H](C(=N8)/C(=C4\\[N-]5)/C)CCC(=O)N)(C)C)CCC(=O)N)(C)CC(=O)N)/C)CCC(=O)N)(C)CC(=O)N)C)CC(=O)N)C)O.O.[Co]", ["Hydroxocobalamin is a synthetic form of vitamin B12 that can be used as a dietary supplement to treat vitamin B12 deficiency. Upon administration, hydroxocobalamin mimics vitamin B12 and acts as an essential cofactor in various cellular reactions required for cell growth and replication, and hematopoiesis.", "Injectable form of VITAMIN B 12 that has been used therapeutically to treat VITAMIN B 12 DEFICIENCY."]], ["CID 134822606", "CC1=CN=C(C(=C1OC)C)C[S@](=O)C2=NC3=C([N-]2)C=CC(=C3)OC.CC1=CN=C(C(=C1OC)C)C[S@](=O)C2=NC3=C([N-]2)C=CC(=C3)OC.O.O.O.O.[Sr+2]", ["The S-isomer of omeprazole."]], ["Serdexmethylphenidate", "COC(=O)[C@@H]([C@H]1CCCCN1C(=O)OC[N+]2=CC=CC(=C2)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)[O-])C3=CC=CC=C3", ["Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is an early-onset neurodevelopmental disorder that often extends into adulthood and is characterized by developmentally inappropriate and impaired attention, impulsivity, and motor hyperactivity. The underlying cause of ADHD is unclear but likely involves dysfunction in dopaminergic and noradrenergic neurotransmission, as evidenced by the clear beneficial effect of CNS stimulants such as [methylphenidate] and [amphetamine] that increase extracellular dopamine and norepinephrine levels. Serdexmethylphenidate is a prodrug of the CNS stimulant [dexmethylphenidate], a common first-line treatment for ADHD, that is combined with [dexmethylphenidate] to provide extended plasma concentrations and therapeutic benefit with once-daily dosing.  Serdexmethylphenidate was granted FDA approval on March 2, 2021, and is currently marketed as a combination capsule with [dexmethylphenidate] under the trademark AZSTARYS\u2122 by KemPharm, Inc."]], ["AST2818 mesylate", "CN1C=C(C2=CC=CC=C21)C3=NC(=NC=C3)NC4=C(N=C(C(=C4)NC(=O)C=C)N(C)CCN(C)C)OCC(F)(F)F.CS(=O)(=O)O", ["Alflutinib Mesylate is the mesylate salt form of alflutinib, an orally available selective inhibitor of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutant form T790M, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, alflutinib specifically binds to and inhibits the tyrosine kinase activity of EGFR T790M, a secondarily acquired resistance mutation. This prevents EGFR T790M-mediated signaling and leads to cell death in EGFR T790M-expressing tumor cells. EGFR, a receptor tyrosine kinase that is mutated in many tumor cell types, plays a key role in tumor cell proliferation and tumor vascularization. Compared to some other EGFR inhibitors, alflutinib may have therapeutic benefits in tumors with T790M-mediated drug resistance."]], ["T8B91S15VF", "CC1=C(C=CC=C1C2=NC3=CC(=CC(=C3O2)C#N)CN4CC[C@H](C4)C(=O)O)C5=C(C(=CC=C5)NC6=NC=CC7=CC(=CN=C76)CN8CC[C@H](C8)O)C", ["PD-L1 Inhibitor INCB086550 is an orally available, small molecule inhibitor of the immunosuppressive ligand, programmed cell death-1 ligand 1 (PD-L1; cluster of differentiation 274; CD274) with potential immune checkpoint inhibitory and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, PD-L1 inhibitor INCB086550 specifically targets PD-L1 expressed on tumor cells preventing the binding and subsequent activation of its receptor, programmed cell death 1 (PD-1; PDCD1; CD279; programmed death-1). This reverses T-cell inactivation caused by PD-L1/PD-1 signaling, increases T-cell expansion and enhances the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL)-mediated anti-tumor immune response against PD-L1-expressing tumor cells. PD-L1, a transmembrane protein expressed on activated T-cells, is overexpressed in some cancer types and plays a significant role in immune evasion by tumor cells."]], ["7-Methyl-2-[(7-methyl-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-6-yl)amino]-9-(oxan-4-yl)purin-8-one", "CC1=CC2=NC=NN2C=C1NC3=NC=C4C(=N3)N(C(=O)N4C)C5CCOCC5", ["DNA-PK inhibitor AZD7648 is an orally bioavailable ATP-competitive inhibitor of DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK), with potential chemo/radiosensitizing and antineoplastic activites. Upon oral administration, DNA-PK inhibitor AZD7648 selectively targets, binds to and inhibits the activity of DNA-PK, thereby interfering with the non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) process and preventing repair of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) caused by ionizing radiation or chemotherapeutic treatment. This increases chemo- and radiotherapy cytotoxicity leading to enhanced tumor cell death. AZD7648 may also increase the effect of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors and may work as a monotherapy in tumors with high endogenous levels of DNA damage resulting from defects in other DNA repair pathways. The enhanced ability of tumor cells to repair DSBs plays a major role in the resistance of tumor cells to chemo- and radiotherapy. DNA-PK plays a key role in the NHEJ pathway and DSB repair."]], ["3-[2-Amino-6-[1-[[6-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)pyridin-2-yl]methyl]triazol-4-yl]pyrimidin-4-yl]-2-methylbenzonitrile", "CC1=C(C=CC=C1C2=CC(=NC(=N2)N)C3=CN(N=N3)CC4=NC(=CC=C4)C(C)(C)O)C#N", ["Etrumadenant is an orally bioavailable antagonist of both the immunomodulatory checkpoint molecules adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR; ADORA2A) and A2B receptor (A2BR; ADORA2B), with potential immunomodulating and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, etrumadenant competes with tumor-released adenosine for binding to A2AR and A2BR expressed on numerous intra-tumoral immune cells, such as dendritic cells (DCs), natural killer (NK) cells, macrophages and T-lymphocytes. The binding of AB928 to A2AR and A2BR inhibits A2AR/A2BR activity and prevents adenosine-A2AR/A2BR-mediated signaling. A2AR/A2BR inhibition activates and enhances the proliferation of various immune cells, abrogates the adenosine-mediated immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and activates the immune system to exert anti-tumor immune responses against cancer cells, which leads to tumor cell killing. A2AR and A2BR, G protein-coupled signaling receptors, are expressed on the cell surfaces of numerous immune cells. Adenosine is often overproduced by tumor cells and plays a key role in immunosuppression and tumor cell proliferation."]], ["Unii-OW6LM47pnk", "C1CN(CC2=C1N3CCN=C3N(C2=O)CC4=C(C=C(C=C4)F)F)CC5=CC=CC=C5", ["DRD2 Antagonist/ClpP Agonist ONC206 is an orally bioavailable, selective bitopic dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) antagonist and mitochondrial caseinolytic protease P (ClpP) agonist, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, DRD2 antagonist/ClpP agonist ONC206 targets, binds to and inhibits the activity of DRD2. This may inactivate Akt (protein kinase B) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), which may result in inhibition of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signal transduction pathway as well as the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/ERK-mediated pathway. This may lead to the induction of tumor cell apoptosis mediated by tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)/death receptor type 5 (DR5; TRAIL receptor 2) signaling in tumor cells. In addition, ONC206 targets and binds to ClpP and induces proteolysis. This may disrupt mitochondrial structure and function in tumor cells and lead to tumor cell death. DRD2, a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), is overexpressed in various malignancies. It is activated by dopamine produced by the tumor cells or present in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and plays an important role in the pro-survival and stress signaling pathways. ONC206 is able to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB)."]], ["Etavopivat", "C1COC2=C(O1)C=C(C=N2)S(=O)(=O)N3CC4=C(C3)CN(C4)C(=O)[C@H](CO)C5=CC=CC=C5", ["Etavopivat is an orally available, small-molecule allosteric activator of the selective red blood cell (RBC) isoform of pyruvate kinase (PK-R), with potential to improve symptoms in sickly cell disease (SCD) patients. Upon oral administration, etavopivat allosterically binds to and activates PK-R, thereby enhancing the glycolytic pathway activity in RBCs. This improves adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels and reduces 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) levels in RBCs. This results in increased oxygen affinity, improved RBC deformability, decreased sickle RBC hemolysis, increased hemoglobin (Hb) levels and improved RBC membrane function. Mutations in PK-R cause deficiency in PK-R which prevents adequate RBC glycolysis, leading to a buildup of the upstream glycolytic intermediate 2,3-DPG and deficiency in the PK-R product ATP."]], ["Inupadenant", "C[S@](=O)CCOC1=C(C=C(C(=C1)N2CCN(CC2)CCN3C4=C(C5=NC(=NN5C(=N4)N)C6=CC=CO6)SC3=O)F)F", ["Inupadenant is an orally bioavailable immune checkpoint inhibitor and antagonist of the adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR; ADORA2A), with potential immunomodulating and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, inupadenant selectively binds to and inhibits A2AR expressed on T-lymphocytes. This prevents tumor-released adenosine from interacting with the A2A receptors, thereby blocking the adenosine/A2AR-mediated inhibition of T-lymphocytes. This results in the proliferation and activation of T-lymphocytes, and stimulates a T-cell-mediated immune response against tumor cells. A2AR, a G protein-coupled receptor, is highly expressed on the cell surfaces of T-cells and, upon activation by adenosine, inhibits their proliferation and activation. Adenosine is often overproduced by cancer cells and plays a key role in immunosuppression."]], ["Epitinib succinate", "CCN1CCN(CC1)C(=O)NC2=C(C=C3C(=C2)C(=NC=N3)NC4=CC=CC(=C4)C#C)OC.C(CC(=O)O)C(=O)O", ["Epitinib Succinate is the succinate salt form of epitinib, an orally available epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, epitinib inhibits the activity of EGFR, thereby preventing EGFR-mediated signaling. This may lead to induction of cell death and inhibition of tumor growth in EGFR-overexpressing tumor cells. EGFR is a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) that is overexpressed in certain tumor types and plays a key role in tumor cell proliferation and vascularization."]], ["Bexotegrast", "COCCN(CCCCC1=NC2=C(CCCN2)C=C1)CC[C@@H](C(=O)O)NC3=NC=NC4=CC=CC=C43", ["PLN-74809 is a small-molecule that dually inhibits both \u03b1v\u03b26 and \u03b1v\u03b21 to treat both idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). The compound was granted orphan drug designation by the US FDA in August 2018 for treatment of IPF, and Pliant Therapeutics recently raised $100 million in Series C financing to support further clinical development of this compound. Phase 2a studies are currently evaluating PLN-74809 safety and efficacy for participants with IPF (NCT04396756)across 10 participating countries, and for participants with PSC (NCT04480840). In addition, the compound is also currently in Phase 2a trials (NCT04565249) for the treatment of COVID-19 related acute respiratory distress syndrome."]], ["Cdn agonist adu-S100", "C1[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O2)N3C=NC4=C(N=CN=C43)N)OP(=S)(OC[C@@H]5[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O5)N6C=NC7=C(N=CN=C76)N)O)OP(=O)(O1)[S-])[O-])O.[Na+].[Na+]", ["STING-activating Cyclic Dinucleotide Agonist MIW815 is a synthetic, cyclic dinucleotide (CDN) and agonist of stimulator of interferon genes protein (STING; transmembrane protein 173; TMEM173), with potential immunomodulating and antineoplastic activities. Upon intratumoral administration, the STING agonist MIW815 binds to STING and stimulates STING-mediated pathways. This activates the immune response through the activation of certain immune cells, including dendritic cells (DCs), which induces the expression of cytokines and chemokines, and leads to an antigen-specific T-cell mediated immune response against cancer cells. STING, a transmembrane protein that activates immune cells in the tumor microenvironment, plays a key role in the activation of the innate immune system."]], ["68Ga-Psma-617", "C1CC(CCC1CNC(=O)CN2CCN(CCN(CCN(CC2)CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])C(=O)N[C@@H](CC3=CC4=CC=CC=C4C=C3)C(=O)NCCCC[C@@H](C(=O)O)NC(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)O.[68Ga+3]", ["Gallium Ga 68-PSMA-617 is a radioconjugate composed of PSMA-617, a human prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeting ligand, conjugated to the radioisotope gallium Ga 68, with potential use as a tracer for PSMA-expressing tumors during positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT). Upon intravenous administration of 68Ga-PSMA-617, the PSMA-617 moiety targets and binds to PSMA-expressing tumor cells. Upon binding, PSMA-expressing tumor cells can be detected during PET/CT imaging. PSMA, a tumor-associated antigen (TAA) and type II transmembrane protein, is expressed on the membrane of prostatic epithelial cells and overexpressed on prostate tumor cells."]], ["Tuspetinib", "C[C@@H]1CN(C[C@@H](N1)C)CC2=CC(=CC(=C2)NC3=NC=C(C(=N3)C4=CNC5=C4C=CC(=C5)C)Cl)C6CC6", ["Tuspetinib (HM-43239) is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03850574 (Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of HM43239 in Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia).", "FLT3 Inhibitor HM43239 is a selective, reversible type I inhibitor of FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3; CD135; STK1; FLK2) with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration of FLT3 inhibitor HM43239, it reversibly binds to and inhibits the activity of FLT3. This inhibits the proliferation of FLT3-expressing cancer cells. FLT3, a class III receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK), is overexpressed or mutated in most B-lineage neoplasms and in acute myeloid leukemias."]], ["Astarabine", "C1=CN(C(=O)N=C1NC(=O)C[C@@H](C(=O)O)N)[C@H]2[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O2)CO)O)O", ["Aspacytarabine is a small molecule pro-drug consisting of cytarabine, an antimetabolite analog of cytidine with a modified arabinose sugar moiety, covalently bonded to asparagine, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon intravenous administration, aspacytarabine targets cancer cells, which often lack asparagine synthetase and are dependent on an external source of amino acids due to their high metabolic rate. Once the prodrug is inside target cells, the cytarabine component is cleaved and competes with cytidine for incorporation into DNA. The arabinose sugar moiety of cytarabine sterically hinders the rotation of the molecule within DNA, resulting in cell cycle arrest, specifically during the S phase of replication. Cytarabine also inhibits DNA polymerase, resulting in a decrease in DNA replication and repair. Because BST-236 specifically targets cancer cells, it may spare normal tissues from cytarabine-related toxicities."]], ["[(2R,3S,4S,5S,6R)-6-[[(3E,5E,8S,9Z,11S,12S,13E,15E,18R)-12-[(2R,3R,4R,5S)-3,4-dihydroxy-6,6-dimethyl-5-(2-methylpropanoyloxy)oxan-2-yl]oxy-11-ethyl-8-hydroxy-18-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-9,13,15-trimethyl-2-oxo-1-oxacyclooctadeca-3,5,9,13,15-pentaen-3-yl]methoxy]-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-2-methyloxan-3-yl] 3,5-dichloro-2-ethyl-4,6-dihydroxybenzoate", "CC[C@H]1/C=C(\\[C@H](C/C=C/C=C(/C(=O)O[C@H](C/C=C(/C=C(/[C@H]1O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](C(O2)(C)C)OC(=O)C(C)C)O)O)\\C)\\C)[C@@H](C)O)\\CO[C@H]3[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O3)C)OC(=O)C4=C(C(=C(C(=C4O)Cl)O)Cl)CC)O)OC)O)/C", ["Fidaxomicin is an antibacterial prescription medicine approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of diarrhea caused by entericinfection with the bacteriumClostridioides difficile.", "Fidaxomicin is a semisynthetic macrolide antibiotic used to treat Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea in adults. Fidaxomicin has minimal systemic absorption and has not been linked to serum enzyme elevations during therapy or to instances of clinically apparent, acute liver injury.", "Fidaxomicin is a narrow-spectrum, 18-membered macrolide antibiotic isolated from the actinomycete Dactylosporangium aurantiacum subsp. hamdenensis with potential antibacterial activity. Although the exact mechanism of action has yet to be fully elucidated, fidaxomicin may bind to and inhibit bacterial DNA-dependent RNA polymerase, thereby inhibiting the initiation of bacterial RNA synthesis. When orally administered, this agent is minimally absorbed into the systemic circulation, acting locally in the gastrointestinal tract. Fidaxomicin appears to be active against pathogenic Gram-positive bacteria, such as clostridia, enterococci, and staphylococci, but does not appear to be active against other beneficial intestinal bacteria.", "A narrow-spectrum macrolide antibacterial agent that is used in the treatment of diarrhea associated with CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE INFECTION."]], ["[(7R,9E,11S,12R,13S,14R,15R,16S,17S,18R,19E,21Z)-2,15,17,36-tetrahydroxy-11-methoxy-3,7,12,14,16,18,22,30-octamethyl-6,23-dioxo-8,37-dioxa-24,27,33-triazahexacyclo[23.10.1.14,7.05,35.026,34.027,32]heptatriaconta-1(35),2,4,9,19,21,25(36),26(34),28,30,32-undecaen-13-yl] acetate", "C[C@@H]1/C=C/C=C(\\C(=O)NC2=C(C3=C(C4=C(C(=C3O)C)O[C@](C4=O)(O/C=C/[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]1O)C)O)C)OC(=O)C)C)OC)C)C5=C2N6C=CC(=CC6=N5)C)O)/C", ["Rifaximin is a nonabsorbable antibiotic that is used as treatment and prevention of travelers\u2019 diarrhea and, in higher doses, for prevention of hepatic encephalopathy in patients with advanced liver disease and to treat diarrhea in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Rifaximin has minimal oral absorption and has not been implicated in causing liver test abnormalities or clinically apparent liver injury.", "Rifaximin is an orally administered, semi-synthetic, nonsystemic antibiotic derived from rifamycin SV with antibacterial activity. Rifaximin binds to the beta-subunit of bacterial DNA-dependent RNA polymerase, inhibiting bacterial RNA synthesis and bacterial cell growth. As rifaximin is not well absorbed, its antibacterial activity is largely localized to the gastrointestinal tract.", "A synthetic rifamycin derivative and anti-bacterial agent that is used for the treatment of GASTROENTERITIS caused by ESCHERICHIA COLI INFECTIONS. It may also be used in the treatment of HEPATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY."]], ["acetic acid;(10S,12R)-N-[(3R,6S,9S,11R,15S,18S,20R,21S,24S,25S)-21-(2-aminoethylamino)-3-[(1S)-3-amino-1-hydroxypropyl]-6-[(1S,2S)-1,2-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-11,20,25-trihydroxy-15-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-2,5,8,14,17,23-hexaoxo-1,4,7,13,16,22-hexazatricyclo[22.3.0.09,13]heptacosan-18-yl]-10,12-dimethyltetradecanamide", "CC[C@@H](C)C[C@@H](C)CCCCCCCCC(=O)N[C@H]1C[C@H]([C@H](NC(=O)[C@@H]2[C@H](CCN2C(=O)[C@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H]3C[C@H](CN3C(=O)[C@@H](NC1=O)[C@@H](C)O)O)[C@@H]([C@H](C4=CC=C(C=C4)O)O)O)[C@H](CCN)O)O)NCCN)O.CC(=O)O.CC(=O)O", ["Caspofungin Acetate is the acetate salt of an antimycotic echinocandin lipopeptide, semisynthetically derived from a fermentation product of the fungus Glarea lozoyensis. Caspofungin inhibits 1,3-beta-glucan synthase, resulting in decreased synthesis of beta(1,3)-D-glucan (an essential component of the fungal cell wall), weakening of the fungal cell wall, and fungal cell wall rupture. This agent is active against Aspergillus and Candida species.", "A cyclic lipopeptide echinocandin and beta-(1,3)-D-glucan synthase inhibitor that is used to treat internal or systemic MYCOSES."]], ["(1S)-3-[(2E)-2-[(1S,3aS,7aR)-1-[(2R)-6-hydroxy-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-7a-methyl-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-inden-4-ylidene]ethylidene]-4-methylidenecyclohexan-1-ol", "C[C@H](CCCC(C)(C)O)[C@@H]1CC[C@@H]\\2[C@@]1(CCC/C2=C\\C=C3C[C@H](CCC3=C)O)C", ["Calcifediol is an orally available synthetic form of the calcitriol prohormone calcifediol (25-hydroxyvitamin D), which can be used for vitamin D supplementation, and with potential immunomodulating activity. Upon oral administration, calcifediol is taken up by the body and converted, in the kidneys, to the active form calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D or 1,25(OH)2D). This form increases and normalizes vitamin D plasma levels, which, in turn, regulates calcium plasma levels, and normalizes elevated parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels by suppressing both PTH synthesis, and secretion. Vitamin D modulates and enhances the innate and adaptive immune responses. This may improve unregulated inflammation and prevents the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Specifically, vitamin D binds to its receptor vitamin D receptor (VDR) which is widely expressed on immune cells and epithelial cells. This stimulates neutrophils, macrophages, and natural killer (NK) cells, and activates epithelial cells to produce antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). In addition, upon infection, vitamin D promotes the migration of myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs) to lymphoid organs where they activate B- and T-lymphocytes.", "The major circulating metabolite of VITAMIN D3. It is produced in the LIVER and is the best indicator of the body's vitamin D stores. It is effective in the treatment of RICKETS and OSTEOMALACIA, both in azotemic and non-azotemic patients. Calcifediol also has mineralizing properties."]], ["cobalt(3+);[(2S,3S,4R,5S)-5-(5,6-dimethylbenzimidazol-1-yl)-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl] [(2R)-1-[3-[(1S,2R,3R,7S,12S,13S,17S,18S,19R)-2,13,18-tris(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-7,12,17-tris(3-amino-3-oxopropyl)-3,5,8,8,13,15,18,19-octamethyl-2,7,12,17-tetrahydro-1H-corrin-21-id-3-yl]propanoylamino]propan-2-yl] phosphate;cyanide", "CC1=CC2=C(C=C1C)N(C=N2)[C@@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](O3)CO)OP(=O)([O-])O[C@H](C)CNC(=O)CC[C@@]4([C@H]([C@H]5[C@]6([C@@]([C@@H](C(=N6)C(=C7[C@@]([C@@H](C(=N7)C=C8C([C@@H](C(=N8)C(=C4[N-]5)C)CCC(=O)N)(C)C)CCC(=O)N)(C)CC(=O)N)C)CCC(=O)N)(C)CC(=O)N)C)CC(=O)N)C)O.[C-]#N.[Co+3]", ["vitamin B12 is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).", "A cobalt-containing coordination compound produced by intestinal micro-organisms and found also in soil and water. Higher plants do not concentrate vitamin B 12 from the soil and so are a poor source of the substance as compared with animal tissues. INTRINSIC FACTOR is important for the assimilation of vitamin B 12."]], ["1-Cyclopropyl-3-(3-(5-(morpholinomethyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)urea", "C1CC1NC(=O)NC2=C(NN=C2)C3=NC4=C(N3)C=C(C=C4)CN5CCOCC5", ["1-cyclopropyl-3-[3-[5-(4-morpholinylmethyl)-2-benzimidazolylidene]-1,2-dihydropyrazol-4-yl]urea is a member of benzimidazoles.", "AT9283 is an aurora Kinase inhibitor developed by Astex Therapeutics for the treatment of cancer. It was discovered and developed internally using Astex\u2019s fragment-based drug discovery platform, Pyramid.", "Multikinase Inhibitor AT9283 is a small synthetic molecule and aurora kinase (AK) inhibitor with potential antineoplastic activity. AT9283 selectively binds to and inhibits AKs A and B, which are serine-threonine kinases that play essential roles in mitotic checkpoint control during mitosis. Inhibition of these kinases results in an inhibition of cellular division and proliferation in tumor cells that overexpress AKs."]], ["Dovitinib", "CN1CCN(CC1)C2=CC3=C(C=C2)N=C(N3)C4=C(C5=C(C=CC=C5F)NC4=O)N", ["4-amino-5-fluoro-3-[5-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-1,3-dihydrobenzimidazol-2-ylidene]-2-quinolinone is a N-arylpiperazine.", "Dovitinib is an orally active small molecule that exhibits potent inhibitory activity against multiple RTKs involved in tumor growth and angiogenesis. Preclinical data show that dovitinib works to inhibit multiple kinases associated with different cancers, including acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and multiple myeloma. Chiron currently has three ongoing Phase I clinical trials for dovitinib.", "Dovitinib is a benzimidazole-quinolinone compound and receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibitor with potential antineoplastic activity. Dovitinib binds to and inhibits the phosphorylation of type III-V RTKs, such as vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) and platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) that promote tumor cell proliferation and survival in certain cancer cells. In addition, this agent also inhibits other members of the RTK superfamily, including fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 and 3, FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3, stem cell factor receptor (c-KIT), and colony stimulating factor receptor 1. This may further lead to a reduction of cellular proliferation and angiogenesis, and an induction of tumor cell apoptosis."]], ["Osi-027", "COC1=CC=CC2=C1NC(=C2)C3=C4C(=NC=NN4C(=N3)C5CCC(CC5)C(=O)O)N", ["4-[4-amino-5-(7-methoxy-2-indolylidene)-1H-imidazo[5,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-7-yl]-1-cyclohexanecarboxylic acid is a member of indoles.", "OSI-027 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Any Solid Tumor or Lymphoma.", "mTOR Kinase Inhibitor OSI-027 is an orally bioavailable mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase inhibitor with potential antineoplastic activity. mTOR kinase inhibitor OSI-027 binds to and inhibits both the raptor-mTOR (TOR complex 1 or TORC1) and the rictor-mTOR (TOR complex 2 or TORC2) complexes of mTOR, which may result in tumor cell apoptosis and a decrease in tumor cell proliferation. mTOR is a serine/threonine kinase that is upregulated in some tumors and plays an important role downstream in the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway."]], ["9-(4-(18F)Fluoro-3-(hydroxymethyl)butyl)guanine", "C1=NC2=C(N1CCC(CO)C[18F])N=C(NC2=O)N", ["18F-FHBG is a fluorine-18-labeled acycloguanosine derivative substrate for herpes simplex virus type-1 thymidine kinase (HSV1-tk). 18F-FHBG is used as a reporter probe to image the expression of the herpes simplex virus type-1 thymidine kinase (HSV1-tk) gene in gene transfer therapy. HSV1-tk and HSV1-tk-metabolized 18F-FHBG co-localize, allowing positron emission tomography (PET) localization of HSV1-tk gene-transfected tissue and the assessment of gene transfer efficiency."]], ["Citrovorum factor", "C1[C@@H](N(C2=C(N1)N=C(NC2=O)N)C=O)CNC3=CC=C(C=C3)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)[O-])C(=O)[O-]", ["(6S)-5-formyltetrahydrofolate(2-) is a dicarboxylic acid dianion arising from deprotonation of both carboxylic acid groups of (6S)-5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid. It has a role as a human metabolite and a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite. It is a conjugate base of a (6S)-5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid.", "The active metabolite of FOLIC ACID. Leucovorin is used principally as an antidote to FOLIC ACID ANTAGONISTS."]], ["Levoleucovorin", "C1[C@@H](N(C2=C(N1)N=C(NC2=O)N)C=O)CNC3=CC=C(C=C3)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)O", ["(6S)-5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid is the pharmacologically active (6S)-stereoisomer of 5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent and a metabolite. It is a conjugate acid of a (6S)-5-formyltetrahydrofolate(2-).", "Levoleucovorin is the enantiomerically active form of Folinic Acid (also known as 5-formyl tetrahydrofolic acid or leucovorin). Commercially available leucovorin is composed of a 1:1 racemic mixture of the dextrorotary and levorotary isomers, while levoleucovorin contains only the pharmacologically active levo-isomer. In vitro, the levo-isomer has been shown to be rapidly converted to the biologically available methyl-tetrahydrofolate form while the dextro form is slowly excreted by the kidneys. Despite this difference in activity, the two commercially available forms have been shown to be pharmacokinetically identical and may be used interchangeably with limited differences in efficacy or side effects (Kovoor et al, 2009).   As folate analogs, levoleucovorin and leucovorin are both used to counteract the toxic effects of folic acid antagonists, such as methotrexate, which act by inhibiting the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR). They are indicated for use as rescue therapy following use of high-dose methotrexate in the treatment of osteosarcoma or for diminishing the toxicity associated with inadvertent overdosage of folic acid antagonists. Levoleucovorin, as the product Fusilev (FDA), has an additional indication for use in combination chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil in the palliative treatment of patients with advanced metastatic colorectal cancer.   Folic acid is an essential B vitamin required by the body for the synthesis of purines, pyrimidines, and methionine before incorporation into DNA or protein. However, in order to function in this role, it must first be reduced by the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) into the cofactors dihydrofolate (DHF) and tetrahydrofolate (THF). This important pathway, which is required for de novo synthesis of nucleic acids and amino acids, is disrupted when high-dose methotrexate is used for cancer therapy. As methotrexate functions as a DHFR inhibitor to prevent DNA synthesis in rapidly dividing cells, it also prevents the formation of DHF and THF. This results in a deficiency of coenzymes and a resultant buildup of toxic substances that are responsible for numerous adverse side effects of methotrexate therapy. As levoleucovorin and leucovorin are analogs of tetrahydrofolate (THF), they are able to bypass DHFR reduction and act as a cellular replacement for the co-factor THF, thereby preventing these toxic side effects.", "N5-Formyl-THF is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).", "Levoleucovorin is a Folate Analog.", "Levoleucovorin is a natural product found in Homo sapiens with data available.", "Levoleucovorin is the active l-isomer of the racemic mixture of the 5-formyl derivative of tetrahydrofolic acid. Metabolically active, l-leucovorin, also known levoleucovorin, does not require bioactivation by dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme inhibited by folic acid antagonists. This agent may enhance the effects of fluoropyrimidines by stabilizing their binding to the enzyme thymidylate synthase. (NCI04)", "5-Formyltetrahydrofolic acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.", "A folate analog consisting of the pharmacologically active isomer of LEUCOVORIN."]], ["Sepiapterin", "C[C@@H](C(=O)C1=NC2=C(NC1)N=C(NC2=O)N)O", ["Sepiapterin is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03519711 (A Study of CNSA-001 in Primary Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) Deficient Participants With Hyperphenylalaninemia).", "Sepiapterin is a natural product found in Caenorhabditis elegans and Bombyx mori with data available."]], ["Hypoxanthine", "C1=NC2=C(N1)C(=O)NC=N2", ["Hypoxanthine is a purine nucleobase that consists of purine bearing an oxo substituent at position 6. It has a role as a fundamental metabolite. It is an oxopurine, a purine nucleobase and a nucleobase analogue. It is functionally related to an adenine.", "Hypoxanthine is a purine and a reaction intermediate in the metabolism of adenosine and in the formation of nucleic acids by the salvage pathway.", "Hypoxanthine is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).", "CID 790 is a natural product found in Fritillaria cirrhosa, Beta vulgaris, and other organisms with data available.", "Hypoxanthine is a purine-based organic compound in human muscle tissues, Hypoxanthine is formed during purine catabolism as a product of xanthine oxidase action on xanthine, and occasionally is found as a constituent of nucleic acids. The potent anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective effects of purines may be mediated by cell surface adenosine receptors. Hypoxanthine protects against oxidant-induced cell injury by inhibiting activation of nuclear poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). (NCI04)", "Hypoxanthine is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.", "A purine and a reaction intermediate in the metabolism of adenosine and in the formation of nucleic acids by the salvage pathway."]], ["(6R)-5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate", "C1[C@@H]2CN(CN2C3=C(N1)N=C(NC3=O)N)C4=CC=C(C=C4)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)O", ["(6R)-5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolic acid is the (6R)-stereoisomer of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolic acid. It has a role as an Escherichia coli metabolite, a mouse metabolite and a cofactor. It is a conjugate acid of a (6R)-5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate(2-).", "Modufolin is under investigation for the treatment of Osteosarcoma.", "5,10-Methylene-THF is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).", "Arfolitixorin is the R-isomer of folitixorin, a reduced folate-based biomodulator and active metabolite of folate drugs leucovorin (LV) and levoleucovorin (l-LV) that can be used to increase the efficacy of certain antimetabolites, such as the cytotoxic agent 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and reduce as well as protect against certain antimetabolite-associated adverse effects, such as those seen with high-dose (HD) methotrexate. Upon administration of arfolitixorin, 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate (MTHF) is a reduced folate substrate for the enzyme thymidylate synthase (TS) and stabilizes, upon co-administration of 5-FU, the covalent binding of the 5-FU metabolite 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine-5'-monophosphate (FdUMP), instead of deoxyuridine monophosphate (dUMP), to its target enzyme TS, which results in an inhibition of TS. This inhibits the synthesis of deoxythymidine monophosphate (dTMP) and leads to the depletion of thymidine triphosphate (TTP), which is a necessary constituent of DNA. This inhibits DNA synthesis, which leads to an inhibition of cellular proliferation and induces tumor cell death. As MTHF is able to stabilize and strengthen the ternary complex, co-administration of arfolitixorin enhances the inhibition of DNA synthesis and increases the cytotoxic effect of 5-FU. As MTHF is the active form of folate and the active metabolite of LV and l-LV, arfolitixorin does not need to be converted to an active metabolite to become activated. In DNA synthesis, a ternary complex is formed between the reduced folate substrate MTHF, the TS enzyme and dUMP in order to convert dUMP to the DNA building block dTMP, which is necessary for DNA synthesis."]], ["1-Methyladenine", "CN1C=NC2=C(C1=N)NC=N2", ["1-methyladenine is adenine substituted with a methyl group at position N-1. It has a role as a metabolite.", "N1-Methyladenine is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655)."]], ["5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate", "C1[C@@H]2CN(CN2C3=C(N1)N=C(NC3=O)N)C4=CC=C(C=C4)C(=O)NC(CCC(=O)O)C(=O)O", ["5,10-Methylene-THF is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).", "5,10-Methylene-THF is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["3-Methyladenine", "CN1C=NC(=N)C2=C1N=CN2", ["3-methyladenine is a methyladenine that is adenine substituted with a methyl group at position N-3. It has a role as a human metabolite and an autophagy inhibitor.", "3-Methyladenine is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["Queuine", "C1=C[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]1NCC2=CNC3=C2C(=O)NC(=N3)N)O)O", ["Queuine is a pyrrolopyrimidine. It has a role as an Escherichia coli metabolite. It is a conjugate base of a queuine(1+).", "Queuine is a derivative of [7-Deazaguanine]. Bacteria possess the exclusive ability to synthesize queuine, which is then salvaged and passed on to plants and animals. Quantities of queuine have been found in tomatoes, wheat, coconut water, and milk from humans, cows, and goats. Humans salvage and recover queuine from either ingested food or the gut flora. All eukaryotic organisms, including humans, transform queuine to queuosine by placing it in the wobble position (anticodon) of several tRNAs including aspartic acid, asparagine, histidine, and tyrosine. Endogenously, it has been determined that queuine contributes to generating various important biochemicals like tyrosine, serotonin, dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine, nitric oxide, lipids, and others.", "Queuine is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).", "Queuine is a natural product found in Euglena gracilis and Caenorhabditis elegans with data available."]], ["Guanosine-5'-Diphosphate-Beta-L-Galactose", "C1=NC2=C(N1[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O3)COP(=O)(O)OP(=O)(O)O[C@@H]4[C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O)N=C(NC2=O)N", ["GDP-beta-L-galactose is a GDP-L-galactose having beta-configuration at the anomeric centre of the L-galactose fragment. It is a conjugate acid of a GDP-beta-L-galactose(2-)."]], ["Dihydrobiopterin", "C[C@@H]([C@@H](C1=NC2=C(NC1)N=C(NC2=O)N)O)O", ["L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin is a 7,8-dihydrobiopterin in which the 1,2-dihydroxypropyl group has (1R,2S)-configuration; naturally occurring form. It is an enantiomer of a D-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin.", "7,8-Dihydrobiopterin is an inhibitor of the enzyme dihydroneopterin aldolase (DHNA), which catalyzes the conversion of 7,8-Dihydrobiopterin to 6-hydroxymethyl-7,8-dihydropterin and glycolaldehyde."]], ["Rifampicin", "C[C@H]1/C=C/C=C(\\C(=O)NC2=C(C(=C3C(=C2O)C(=C(C4=C3C(=O)[C@](O4)(O/C=C/[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]1O)C)O)C)OC(=O)C)C)OC)C)C)O)O)/C=N/N5CCN(CC5)C)/C", ["Rifampicin is a member of the class of rifamycins that is a a semisynthetic antibiotic derived from Amycolatopsis rifamycinica (previously known as Amycolatopsis mediterranei and Streptomyces mediterranei). It has a role as an EC 2.7.7.6 (RNA polymerase) inhibitor, a DNA synthesis inhibitor, an antitubercular agent, a leprostatic drug, an Escherichia coli metabolite, a protein synthesis inhibitor, a neuroprotective agent, an angiogenesis inhibitor, a pregnane X receptor agonist, an antineoplastic agent, an antiamoebic agent and a geroprotector. It is a N-iminopiperazine, a N-methylpiperazine, a hydrazone, a cyclic ketal, a semisynthetic derivative and a member of rifamycins. It is a tautomer of a rifampicin zwitterion.", "Rifampin is an antibacterial prescription medicine approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Rifampin is also FDA-approved to treat people who carry Neisseria meningitidis bacteria but have no symptoms of disease. Treatment with rifampin eliminates the bacteria from their noses and throats. This use of rifampin can prevent the spread of meningitis and other meningococcal diseases caused by Neisseria meningitidis bacteria.", "A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160)", "Rifampin is a Rifamycin Antibacterial.", "Rifampin (also referred to as rifampicin) is a macrocyclic antibiotic with major activity against mycobacteria, commonly used in combination with other agents as therapy of tuberculosis. Rifampin is associated with transient and asymptomatic elevations in serum aminotransferase and bilirubin levels and is a well known cause of clinically apparent, acute liver disease that can be severe and even fatal.", "Rifampin is a semisynthetic derivative of rifamycin with broad antibacterial activity. Rifampin inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase in susceptible bacteria and is often used in combination with other antibiotics for various infections including tuberculosis.", "A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160)"]], ["Cayston", "C[C@H]1[C@@H](C(=O)N1S(=O)(=O)[O-])NC(=O)/C(=N\\OC(C)(C)C(=O)O)/C2=CSC(=[NH+]2)N", ["Aztreonam is a synthetic monocyclic beta-lactam antibiotic (monobactam), used primarily to treat infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria. It inhibits mucopeptide synthesis in the bacterial cell wall, thereby blocking peptidoglycan crosslinking. It has a role as a drug allergen, an EC 2.4.1.129 (peptidoglycan glycosyltransferase) inhibitor and an antibacterial drug. It is a beta-lactam antibiotic allergen and a monobactam.", "A monocyclic beta-lactam antibiotic originally isolated from Chromobacterium violaceum. It is resistant to beta-lactamases and is used in gram-negative infections, especially of the meninges, bladder, and kidneys. It may cause a superinfection with gram-positive organisms.", "Aztreonam is a monocyclic beta-lactam antibiotic originally isolated from Chromobacterium violaceum with bactericidal activity. Aztreonam preferentially binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding protein-3 (PBP-3), which is involved in bacterial cell wall synthesis, thereby inhibiting bacterial cell wall integrity and leading to cell lysis and death. This agent differs from other beta-lactam antibiotics because it is resistant to beta-lactamase hydrolysis, and it is usually used to treat infections caused by gram-negative aerobic microorganisms.", "A monocyclic beta-lactam antibiotic originally isolated from Chromobacterium violaceum. It is resistant to beta-lactamases and is used in gram-negative infections, especially of the meninges, bladder, and kidneys. It may cause a superinfection with gram-positive organisms."]], ["DTIC-Dome", "CN(C)/N=N/C1=C(NC=N1)C(=O)N", ["Dacarbazine appears as white to ivory microcrystals or off-white crystalline solid. (NTP, 1992)", "(E)-dacarbazine is a dacarbazine in which the N=N double bond adopts a trans-configuration.", "An antineoplastic agent. It has significant activity against melanomas. (from Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed, p564). Dacarbazine with Oblimersen is in clinical trials for the treatment of malignant melanoma.", "Dacarbazine is an Alkylating Drug. The mechanism of action of dacarbazine is as an Alkylating Activity.", "Dacarbazine (also known as DTIC) is an intravenously administered alkylating agent used in the therapy of Hodgkin disease and malignant melanoma. Dacarbazine therapy has been associated with serum enzyme elevations during therapy and occasional cases of severe and distinctive acute hepatic failure, probably caused by acute sinusoidal obstruction syndrome.", "Dacarbazine is a triazene derivative with antineoplastic activity. Dacarbazine alkylates and cross-links DNA during all phases of the cell cycle, resulting in disruption of DNA function, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis. (NCI04)", "An antineoplastic agent. It has significant activity against melanomas. (from Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed, p564)"]], ["Rifabutine", "C[C@H]1/C=C/C=C(\\C(=O)N=C2C(=C3C(=C4C2=NC5(N4)CCN(CC5)CC(C)C)C6=C(C(=C3O)C)O[C@@](C6=O)(O/C=C/[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]1O)C)O)C)OC(=O)C)C)OC)C)O)/C", ["Rifabutin is a member of rifamycins. It has a role as an antitubercular agent.", "A broad-spectrum antibiotic that is being used as prophylaxis against disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex infection in HIV-positive patients.", "A broad-spectrum antibiotic that is being used as prophylaxis against disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex infection in HIV-positive patients."]], ["Olanzapine", "CC1=CC2=C(S1)NC3=CC=CC=C3N=C2N4CCN(CC4)C", ["Olanzapine is a benzodiazepine that is 10H-thieno[2,3-b][1,5]benzodiazepine substituted by a methyl group at position 2 and a 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 4. It has a role as a histamine antagonist, a muscarinic antagonist, a serotonergic antagonist, a dopaminergic antagonist, an antiemetic, a second generation antipsychotic and a serotonin uptake inhibitor. It is a benzodiazepine, a N-methylpiperazine and a N-arylpiperazine.", "Olanzapine is a thienobenzodiazepine classified as an atypical or second-generation antipsychotic agent. The second-generation antipsychotics were introduced in the 90s and quickly gained traction due to their impressive efficacy, reduced risk for extrapyramidal side effects and reduced susceptibility to drug-drug interactions. Olanzapine very closely resembles [clozapine] and only differs by two additional methyl groups and the absence of a chloride moiety. It was discovered by scientists at Eli Lilly and approved to be marketed in the US in 1996.", "Olanzapine is an Atypical Antipsychotic.", "Olanzapine is an atypical antipsychotic that is used currently in the treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar illness. Olanzapine is not infrequently associated with serum aminotransferase elevations during therapy and there have been rare instances of clinically apparent acute liver injury linked to its use.", "Olanzapine is a synthetic derivative of thienobenzodiazepine with antipsychotic, antinausea, and antiemetic activities. As a selective monoaminergic antagonist, olanzapine binds with high affinity binding to the following receptors: serotoninergic, dopaminergic, muscarinic M1-5, histamine H1, and alpha-1-adrenergic receptors; it binds weakly to gamma-aminobutyric acid type A, benzodiazepine, and beta-adrenergic receptors. The antinausea and antiemetic effects of this agent appear to be due to the blockade of 5-HT2 and 5-HT3 receptors for serotonin. Although its exact mechanism of action in schizophrenia is unknown, it has been proposed that olanzapine's antipsychotic activity is mediated through antagonism to dopamine D2 receptors with rapid ligand-receptor dissociation kinetics that help to minimize extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS). Olanzapine may also stimulate appetite.", "A benzodiazepine derivative that binds SEROTONIN RECEPTORS; MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS; HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTORS; ADRENERGIC ALPHA-1 RECEPTORS; and DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. It is an antipsychotic agent used in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA; BIPOLAR DISORDER; and MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER; it may also reduce nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing chemotherapy."]], ["Pralidoximum", "C[N+]1=CC=CC=C1/C=N/O", ["Pralidoxime is a pyridinium ion that is 1-methylpyridinium substituted by a (hydroxyimino)methyl group at position 2. It has a role as a cholinergic drug, a cholinesterase reactivator, an antidote to organophosphate poisoning and an antidote to sarin poisoning.", "Pralidoxime is an antidote to organophosphate pesticides and chemicals. Organophosphates bind to the esteratic site of acetylcholinesterase, which results initially in reversible inactivation of the enzyme. If given within 24 hours,after organophosphate exposure, pralidoxime reactivates the enzyme cholinesterase by cleaving the phosphate-ester bond formed between the organophosphate and acetylcholinesterase.", "Pralidoxime is a Cholinesterase Reactivator. The mechanism of action of pralidoxime is as a Cholinesterase Reactivator."]], ["Oxypurinol", "C1=NNC2=C1C(=O)NC(=O)N2", ["Alloxanthine is a pyrazolopyrimidine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine substituted by oxo groups at positions 4 and 6. It has a role as an EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor and a drug metabolite.", "Oxypurinol, an inhibitor of xanthine oxidase, is a metabolite of allopurinol.", "Oxypurinol is a natural product found in Pecten jacobaeus, Aequipecten opercularis, and other organisms with data available.", "A xanthine oxidase inhibitor."]], ["5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolic acid", "C1C2CN(CN2C3=C(N1)N=C(NC3=O)N)C4=CC=C(C=C4)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)O", ["5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolic acid is a methylenetetrahydrofolic acid and a member of benzamides. It is a conjugate acid of a 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate(2-).", "5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolic acid is a natural product found in Apis cerana with data available.", "Folitixorin is a folate-based biomodulator with potential antineoplastic activity. 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate (MTHF) stabilizes the covalent binding of the fluorouracil metabolite 5-5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine-5'-O-monophosphate (FdUMP) to its target enzyme, thymidylate synthase, which results in inhibition of thymidylate synthase, depletion of thymidine triphosphate (TTP), a necessary constituent of DNA, and tumor cell death. Unlike leucovorin, MTHF, as the active form of folate, does not require metabolic activation and may increase the chemotherapeutic effects of fluorouracil with lower toxicity."]], ["Vardenafil", "CCCC1=NC(=C2N1N=C(NC2=O)C3=C(C=CC(=C3)S(=O)(=O)N4CCN(CC4)CC)OCC)C", ["Vardenafil is the sulfonamide resulting from formal condensation of the sulfo group of 4-ethoxy-3-(5-methyl-7-propylimidazo[5,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-4(1H)-one-2-yl)benzenesulfonic acid and the secondary amino group of 4-ethylpiperazine. It has a role as a vasodilator agent and an EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor. It is a N-alkylpiperazine, an imidazotriazine and a N-sulfonylpiperazine.", "Vardenafil (Levitra) is an oral therapy for the treatment of erectile dysfunction. It is a selective inhibitor of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-specific phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5). Penile erection is a hemodynamic process initiated by the relaxation of smooth muscle in the corpus cavernosum and its associated arterioles. During sexual stimulation, nitric oxide is released from nerve endings and endothelial cells in the corpus cavernosum. Nitric oxide activates the enzyme guanylate cyclase resulting in increased synthesis of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) in the smooth muscle cells of the corpus cavernosum. The cGMP in turn triggers smooth muscle relaxation, allowing increased blood flow into the penis, resulting in erection. The tissue concentration of cGMP is regulated by both the rates of synthesis and degradation via phosphodiesterases (PDEs). The most abundant PDE in the human corpus cavernosum is the cGMPspecific phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5); therefore, the inhibition of PDE5 enhances erectile function by increasing the amount of cGMP.", "Vardenafil is a Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitor. The mechanism of action of vardenafil is as a Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitor.", "Vardenafil is a selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) and is used as therapy of erectile dysfunction. Vardenafil has not been associated with serum aminotransferase elevations nor with clinically apparent liver injury.", "Vardenafil is a benzenesulfonamide derivative and phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor with vasodilatory activity. Vardenafil selectively inhibits PDE5, thus inhibiting the degradation of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) found in the smooth muscle of the corpus cavernosa and corpus spongiosum of the penis. The inhibition of cGMP degradation results in prolonged muscle relaxation, vasodilation, and blood engorgement of the corpus cavernosa, prolonging penile erection.", "A piperazine derivative, PHOSPHODIESTERASE 5 INHIBITOR and VASODILATOR AGENT that is used as a UROLOGICAL AGENT in the treatment of ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION."]], ["Allopurinol", "C1=NNC2=C1C(=O)NC=N2", ["4-hydroxypyrazolo(3,4-d)pyrimidine is an odorless tasteless white microcrystalline powder. (NTP, 1992)", "Allopurinol is a bicyclic structure comprising a pyrazole ring fused to a hydroxy-substituted pyrimidine ring. It has a role as a radical scavenger, a gout suppressant, an antimetabolite and an EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor. It is an organic heterobicyclic compound and a nucleobase analogue. It derives from a hydride of a 1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidine.", "Gout is a disease that occurs by the deposition of monosodium urate crystals (MSU) in body tissues, especially around joints.  This disease has been well-documented in historical medical records and appears in the biographies of several prominent, historically recognized individuals.  Allopurinol is a xanthine oxidase enzyme inhibitor that is considered to be one of the most effective drugs used to decrease urate levels and is frequently used in the treatment of chronic gout. It was initially approved by the FDA in 1966 and is now formulated by several manufacturers.", "Allopurinol is a Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor. The mechanism of action of allopurinol is as a Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor.", "Allopurinol is a xanthine oxidase inhibitor and a widely used medication for gout. Allopurinol is a rare but well known cause of acute liver injury that has features of a hypersensitivity reaction and can be severe and even fatal.", "Allopurinol is a natural product found in Gardenia oudiepe, Schinus terebinthifolia, and Rhodiola rosea with data available.", "Allopurinol is a structural isomer of hypoxanthine. Allopurinol inhibits xanthine oxidase, an enzyme that converts oxypurines to uric acid. By blocking the production of uric acid, this agent decreases serum and urine concentrations of uric acid, thereby providing protection against uric acid-mediated end organ damage in conditions associated with excessive production of uric acid, i.e. the massive cell lysis associated with the treatment of some malignancies. (NCI04)", "A XANTHINE OXIDASE inhibitor that decreases URIC ACID production. It also acts as an antimetabolite on some simpler organisms."]], ["Tetrahydrobiopterin", "CC(C(C1CNC2=C(N1)C(=O)NC(=N2)N)O)O", ["5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin is a tetrahydropterin, a member of biopterins and a diol. It has a role as a prosthetic group, a coenzyme, a nutraceutical and a human metabolite.", "Tetrahydrobiopterin is a cofactor that is essential for the activity of aromatic amino acid hydroxylases. Tetrahydrobiopterin degrades phenylalanine, and facilitates the biosynthesis of several neurotransmitters and the production of nitric oxide."]], ["Leucovorin", "C1C(N(C2=C(N1)N=C(NC2=O)N)C=O)CNC3=CC=C(C=C3)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)O", ["5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid is a formyltetrahydrofolic acid in which the formyl group is located at position 5. It has a role as an Escherichia coli metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a conjugate acid of a 5-formyltetrahydrofolate(2-).", "Folinic Acid (also known as 5-formyl tetrahydrofolic acid or leucovorin) is the 5-formyl derivative of tetrahydrofolic acid, a necessary co-factor in the body. Commercially available leucovorin is composed of a 1:1 racemic mixture of the dextrorotary and levorotary isomers, while levoleucovorin contains only the pharmacologically active levo-isomer. In vitro, the levo-isomer has been shown to be rapidly converted to the biologically available methyl-tetrahydrofolate form while the dextro form is slowly excreted by the kidneys. Despite this difference in activity, the two commercially available forms have been shown to be pharmacokinetically identical and may be used interchangeably with limited differences in efficacy or side effects (Kovoor et al, 2009).   As folate analogs, leucovorin and levoleucovorin are both used to counteract the toxic effects of folic acid antagonists, such as methotrexate, which act by inhibiting the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR). They are indicated for use as rescue therapy following use of high-dose methotrexate in the treatment of osteosarcoma or for diminishing the toxicity associated with inadvertent overdosage of folic acid antagonists. Injectable forms are also indicated for use in the treatment of megaloblastic anemias due to folic acid deficiency when oral therapy is not feasible and for use in combination with 5-fluorouracil to prolong survival in the palliative treatment of patients with advanced colorectal cancer.   Folic acid is an essential B vitamin required by the body for the synthesis of purines, pyrimidines, and methionine before incorporation into DNA or protein. However, in order to function in this role, it must first be reduced by the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) into the cofactors dihydrofolate (DHF) and tetrahydrofolate (THF). This important pathway, which is required for de novo synthesis of nucleic acids and amino acids, is disrupted when high-dose methotrexate is used for cancer therapy. As methotrexate functions as a DHFR inhibitor to prevent DNA synthesis in rapidly dividing cells, it also prevents the formation of DHF and THF. This results in a deficiency of coenzymes and a resultant buildup of toxic substances that are responsible for numerous adverse side effects associated with methotrexate therapy. As levoleucovorin and leucovorin are analogs of tetrahydrofolate (THF), they are able to bypass DHFR reduction and act as a cellular replacement for the co-factor THF, thereby preventing these toxic side effects.", "Leucovorin is a Folate Analog.", "Leucovorin is a natural product found in Capsicum annuum var. annuum with data available.", "Leucovorin is a derivative of folic acid with chemoprotectant, antidote and synergistic activity. Leucovorin does not require metabolism by dihydrofolate reductase, the molecular target of folate antagonist-type chemotherapeutic drugs, and is converted to a tetrahydrofolate, which is the necessary folate for purine and pyrimidine synthesis. As this agent allows for some purine/pyrimidine synthesis to occur, the toxic effects of folic acid antagonist-type chemotherapeutic drugs are counteracted while still permitting the antitumor activity of the folic acid antagonist through dihydrofolate reductase inhibition. This agent also potentiates the effects of 5-fluorouracil and its derivatives by stabilizing the binding of 5-fluorouracil's converted form fluorodeoxyuridylic acid to its target enzyme thymidylate synthase, thus prolonging drug activity.", "The active metabolite of FOLIC ACID. Leucovorin is used principally as an antidote to FOLIC ACID ANTAGONISTS."]], ["Phosphoaminophosphonic acid-guanylate ester", "C1=NC2=C(N1[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O3)COP(=O)(O)OP(=O)(NP(=O)(O)O)O)O)O)N=C(NC2=O)N", ["Guanosine 5'-[beta,gamma-imido]triphosphate is a nucleoside triphosphate analogue that is GTP in which the oxygen atom bridging the beta- to the gamma- phosphate is replaced by a nitrogen atom A non-hydrolyzable analog of GTP, it binds tightly to G-protein in the presence of Mg(2+). It is a conjugate acid of a guanosine 5'-[beta,gamma-imido]triphosphate(4-).", "A non-hydrolyzable analog of GTP, in which the oxygen atom bridging the beta to the gamma phosphate is replaced by a nitrogen atom. It binds tightly to G-protein in the presence of Mg2+. The nucleotide is a potent stimulator of adenylate cyclase.", "A non-hydrolyzable analog of GTP, in which the oxygen atom bridging the beta to the gamma phosphate is replaced by a nitrogen atom. It binds tightly to G-protein in the presence of Mg2+. The nucleotide is a potent stimulator of ADENYLYL CYCLASES."]], ["S)-2-(5(((1,2-Dihydro-3-methyl-1-oxobenzo(F)quinazolin-9-YL)methyl)amino)1-oxo-2-isoindolinyl)glutaric acid", "CC1=NC2=C(C3=C(C=CC(=C3)CNC4=CC5=C(C=C4)C(=O)N(C5)[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)O)C=C2)C(=O)N1", ["OSI-7904L is a liposome encapsulated thymidylate synthase inhibitor, which is indicated for use in advanced gastric and/or gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma (A-G/GEJA). Current treatments also inhibit thymidylate synthase but the innovative lipid coating of OSI-7904L allows for more enduring results with administration of the TS inhibitor.", "Liposome-encapsulated OSI-7904 is a liposome-encapsulated formulation of the benzoquinazoline folate analog OSI-7904 with antineoplastic activity. As a thymidylate synthase inhibitor, OSI-7904 noncompetitively binds to thymidylate synthase, resulting in inhibition of thymine nucleotide synthesis and DNA replication. Liposome encapsulation improves the efficacy and increases the half-life of OSI-7904. (NCI04)"]], ["Filociclovir", "C1/C(=C/N2C=NC3=C2N=C(NC3=O)N)/C1(CO)CO", ["Filociclovir is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01433835 (Safety and Pharmacokinetics of Single Oral Doses of Filociclovir in Healthy Volunteers)."]], ["Alanosine", "C([C@@H](C(=O)O)N)/[N+](=N/O)/[O-]", ["An amino acid analogue and antibiotic derived from the bacterium Streptomyces alanosinicus with antimetabolite and potential antineoplastic activities.", "Alanosine is an amino acid analogue and antibiotic derived from the bacterium Streptomyces alanosinicus with antimetabolite and potential antineoplastic activities. L-alanosine inhibits adenylosuccinate synthetase, which converts inosine monophospate (IMP) into adenylosuccinate, an intermediate in purine metabolism. L-alanosine-induced disruption of de novo purine biosynthesis is potentiated by methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP) deficiency. The clinical use of this agent may be limited by its toxicity profile. MTAP is a key enzyme in the adenine and methionine salvage pathways."]], ["5,6,7,8-Tetrahydrobiopterin", "CC(C([C@H]1CNC2=C(N1)C(=O)NC(=N2)N)O)O", ["(6R)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin is a 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin in which the stereocentre at position 6 has R-configuration."]], ["S-8510 free base", "C1COCC2=C3C(=CN=C21)NC(=N3)C4=NOC=C4", ["S-8510 / SB-737552 is a BZD inverse agonist investigated for the treatment of Alzheimer\u2019s disease and mild to moderate senile dementia. It was being codeveloped by Shionogi and GlaxoSmithKline."]], ["Forodesine", "C1=C(C2=C(N1)C(=O)NC=N2)[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](N3)CO)O)O", ["Immucillin H is a pyrrolopyrimidine and a dihydroxypyrrolidine.", "Forodesine is a highly potent, orally active, rationally designed PNP inhibitor that has shown activity in preclinical studies with malignant cells and clinical utility against T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Additional preliminary findings support its use for the management of some B-cell malignancies."]], ["Tegaserod", "CCCCCN=C(N)N/N=C/C1=CNC2=C1C=C(C=C2)OC", ["Tegaserod is a member of guanidines, a carboxamidine, a member of hydrazines and a member of indoles. It has a role as a serotonergic agonist and a gastrointestinal drug.", "Novartis' brand name Zelnorm (tegaserod) had originally received approval from the US FDA in 2002 for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C). It was, however, voluntarily withdrawn from widespread use in the US market in 2007 after concerns arose over the possibility that tegaserod could potentially cause dangerous cardiovascular events in patients. Since then, closer evaluations of the original data suggesting such cardiovascular risk have resulted in the limited reintroduction or 're-approval' of tegaserod for treatment of IBS-C specifically in female patients less than 65 years of age and whom are considered to be at a lower risk of a cardiovascular event than the broader population. Zelnorm (tegaserod) by Sloan Pharma subsequently gained re-approval in April of 2019. Nevertheless, tegaserod remains un-approved in certain regions.  Despite the relative complications involved in its history of regulatory approval, ever since its first introduction in 2002 tegaserod remains the only therapy for IBS-C that possesses the unique mechanism of action of acting on serotonin-4 (5-HT(4)) receptors in smooth muscle cells and in the gastrointestinal wall to facilitate actions like esophageal relaxation, peristaltic gut movement, and natural secretions in the gut, among others.", "Tegaserod is a Serotonin-4 Receptor Agonist. The mechanism of action of tegaserod is as a Serotonin 4 Receptor Agonist.", "Tegaserod is a natural product found in Geodia barretti with data available."]], ["Isatoribine", "C([C@@H]1[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O1)N2C3=C(C(=O)NC(=N3)N)SC2=O)O)O)O", ["Isatoribine is a selective agonist of TLR7."]], ["Azilsartan medoxomil", "CCOC1=NC2=CC=CC(=C2N1CC3=CC=C(C=C3)C4=CC=CC=C4C5=NOC(=O)N5)C(=O)OCC6=C(OC(=O)O6)C", ["Azilsartan medoxomil is a carboxylic ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of azilsartan with the hydroxy group of 4-(hydroxymethyl)-5-methyl-1,3-dioxol-2-one. A prodrug for azilsartan, it is used for treatment of hypertension. It has a role as a prodrug, an angiotensin receptor antagonist and an antihypertensive agent. It is a member of benzimidazoles, a dioxolane, a cyclic carbonate ester, a 1,2,4-oxadiazole, an aromatic ether and a carboxylic ester. It is functionally related to an azilsartan. It is a conjugate acid of an azilsartan medoxomil(1-).", "Azilsartan medoxomil is a prodrug that is broken down to azilsartan, which belongs in the angiotensin-receptor blocking (ARB) drug class. It is a selective AT1 subtype angiotensin II receptor antagonist. Azilsartan medoxomil is a relatively recently-developed antihypertensive drug that was first approved by the FDA in February 2011. Many guidelines recommend the use of ARBs as first-line therapy when initiating antihypertensive therapy and indicate that the clinical efficacy of ARBs is comparable to angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors that are also used as first-line treatment for hypertension.  Azilsartan medoxomil is marketed under the brand name Edarbi. It is used to treat hypertension as monotherapy or in combination with other antihypertensive drugs. It is also available in a combination product with [chlorthalidone]. As hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, early management of hypertension has several implications on patients' survival rate and quality of life in the future. Lowering blood pressure is associated with a reduced risk of fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular events, primarily strokes and myocardial infarctions. Azilsartan medoxomil is thus speculated to lower mortality rates and the onset of cardiovascular disease. Although there is no clinical significance yet determined, azilsartan medoxomil may have potential off-label uses in patients with a history of myocardial infarction or heart failure.", "Azilsartan Medoxomil is a medoxomil prodrug of azilsartan, an angiotensin II receptor antagonist with antihypertensive activity. Upon hydrolysis, azilsartan selectively and competitively binds to the AT1 subtype angiotensin II receptor and blocks the binding of angiotensin II to the receptor, thus promoting vasodilatation and counteracting the effects of aldosterone. Converted from angiotensin I by angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), angiotensin II stimulates the adrenal cortex to synthesize and secrete aldosterone, decreasing sodium excretion and increasing potassium excretion, and acts as a vasoconstrictor in vascular smooth muscle."]], ["Pralidoxime iodide", "C[N+]1=CC=CC=C1/C=N/O.[I-]", ["Pralidoxime iodide is an organic iodide salt that has pralidoxime as the cation. It has a role as a cholinesterase reactivator and a cholinergic drug. It is a pyridinium salt and an organic iodide salt. It contains a pralidoxime."]], ["Tifenazoxide", "CC1(CC1)N=C2NC3=C(SC(=C3)Cl)S(=O)(=O)N2", ["Tifenazoxide is a thiadiazine derivative with hypoglycemic activity. Like sulfonylureas, tifenazoxide binds to ATP-sensitive inwardly-rectifier potassium Kir6.2/SUR1 (IKATP) channels on the membrane of pancreatic beta cells and stimulates insulin release to reduce blood glucose levels."]], ["Balsalazide Disodium", "C1=CC(=CC=C1C(=O)NCCC(=O)[O-])N=NC2=CC(=C(C=C2)[O-])C(=O)O.[Na+].[Na+]", ["Balsalazide Disodium is the disodium salt form of balsalazide, an aminosalicylate and oral prodrug that is enzymatically cleaved in the colon to produce the anti-inflammatory agent mesalazine. Mesalazine acts locally on the mucosa of the colon where it diminishes inflammation by blocking the production of arachidonic acid metabolites, including leukotrienes, prostaglandins and hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids, and other inflammatory agents. Balsalazide disodium is used to treat chronic inflammatory bowel disease."]], ["Lobucavir", "C1[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]1N2C=NC3=C2N=C(NC3=O)N)CO)CO", ["Lobucavir has been used in trials studying the treatment of HIV Infections and Cytomegalovirus Infections.", "Lobucavir is a nucleoside analog of deoxyguanine with broad-spectrum antiviral activity. Lobucavir is phosphorylated in vivo to its triphosphate form and inhibits viral DNA polymerase and viral DNA replication."]], ["Pemetrexed disodium", "C1=CC(=CC=C1CCC2=CNC3=C2C(=O)NC(=N3)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)[O-])C(=O)[O-].[Na+].[Na+]", ["Pemetrexed disodium is an organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of N-{4-[2-(2-amino-4-oxo-4,7-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)ethyl]benzoyl}-L-glutamic acid. Inhibits thymidylate synthase (TS), 421 dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), and glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase (GARFT). It has a role as an antineoplastic agent, an antimetabolite, an EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor, an EC 2.1.2.2 (phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase) inhibitor and an EC 2.1.1.45 (thymidylate synthase) inhibitor. It contains a pemetrexed(2-).", "Pemetrexed Disodium is the disodium salt of a synthetic pyrimidine-based antifolate. Pemetrexed binds to and inhibits the enzyme thymidylate synthase (TS) which catalyses the methylation of 2'-deoxyuridine-5'-monophosphate (dUMP) to 2'-deoxythymidine-5'-monophosphate (dTMP), an essential precursor in DNA synthesis.", "A guanine-derived ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT that functions as a NUCLEIC ACID SYNTHESIS INHIBITOR through its binding to, and inhibition of, THYMIDYLATE SYNTHASE."]], ["Peldesine", "C1=CC(=CN=C1)CC2=CNC3=C2N=C(NC3=O)N", ["Peldesine is a potent inhibitor of human CCRF-CEM T-cell proliferation. It has undergone phase I trials for the treatment of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infections.", "Peldesine is a pyrimidine analogue and purine nucleoside phosphorylase inhibitor with immunosuppressive and antineoplastic properties. Peldesine inhibits purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) that plays a pivotal role in T-cell proliferation and is responsible for the catalysis of the reversible phosphorolytic cleavage of purine ribonucleosides and 2'-deoxyribonucleosides. Inhibition of PNP results in accumulation of dGTP and the subsequent failure of DNA synthesis. This agent maybe used in T-cell related autoimmune diseases including psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn s disease and T-cell cancers"]], ["Fosaprepitant", "C[C@H](C1=CC(=CC(=C1)C(F)(F)F)C(F)(F)F)O[C@@H]2[C@@H](N(CCO2)CC3=NN(C(=O)N3)P(=O)(O)O)C4=CC=C(C=C4)F", ["Fosaprepitant is a morpholine derivative that is the (1R)-1-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl ether of (3-{[(2R,3S)-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-hydroxymorpholin-4-yl]methyl}-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)phosphonic acid. It has a role as an antiemetic, a neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist and a prodrug. It is a member of morpholines, a member of triazoles, a cyclic acetal, a phosphoramide and a member of (trifluoromethyl)benzenes. It is a conjugate acid of a fosaprepitant(2-).", "Fosaprepitant is an intravenously administered antiemetic drug. It is a prodrug of Aprepitant. It aids in the prevention of acute and delayed nausea and vomiting associated with chemotherapy treatment.", "Fosaprepitant is a Substance P/Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonist. The mechanism of action of fosaprepitant is as a Neurokinin 1 Antagonist."]], ["DL-Alanosine", "C(C(C(=O)O)N)/[N+](=N/O)/[O-]", ["Alanosine is an amino acid analogue and antibiotic derived from the bacterium Streptomyces alanosinicus with antimetabolite and potential antineoplastic activities. L-alanosine inhibits adenylosuccinate synthetase, which converts inosine monophospate (IMP) into adenylosuccinate, an intermediate in purine metabolism. L-alanosine-induced disruption of de novo purine biosynthesis is potentiated by methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP) deficiency. The clinical use of this agent may be limited by its toxicity profile. MTAP is a key enzyme in the adenine and methionine salvage pathways."]], ["Ceftobiprole", "C1CNC[C@@H]1N2CC/C(=C\\C3=C(N4[C@@H]([C@@H](C4=O)NC(=O)/C(=N\\O)/C5=NSC(=N5)N)SC3)C(=O)O)/C2=O", ["Ceftobiprole is a fifth-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having (E)-[(3'R)-2-oxo[1,3'-bipyrrolidin]-3-ylidene]methyl and [(2Z)-2-(5-amino-1,2,4-thiadiazol-3-yl)-2-(hydroxyimino)acetyl]amino side groups located at positions 3 and 7 respectively; developed for the treatment of hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP, excluding ventilator-associated pneumonia, VAP) and community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). It has a role as an antimicrobial agent. It is a cephalosporin and a member of thiadiazoles.", "Ceftobiprole is a cephalosporin antibiotic with activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. It was discovered by Basilea Pharmaceutica and is being developed by Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development. Ceftobiprole is the first cephalosporin to demonstrate clinical efficacy in patients with infections due to methicillin-resistant staphylococci and, if approved by regulatory authorities, is expected to be a useful addition to the armamentarium of agents for the treatment of complicated skin infections and pneumonia.", "Ceftobiprole is a broad-spectrum, fifth-generation, pyrrolidinone cephalosporin with antibacterial activity. Ceftobiprole binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall. PBPs are enzymes involved in the terminal stages of assembling the bacterial cell wall and in reshaping the cell wall during growth and division. Inactivation of PBPs interferes with the cross-linkage of peptidoglycan chains necessary for bacterial cell wall strength and rigidity. This results in the weakening of the bacterial cell wall and causes cell lysis."]], ["Ceftobiprole medocaril", "CC1=C(OC(=O)O1)COC(=O)N2CC[C@H](C2)N3CC/C(=C\\C4=C(N5[C@@H]([C@@H](C5=O)NC(=O)/C(=N\\O)/C6=NSC(=N6)N)SC4)C(=O)[O-])/C3=O.[Na+]", ["Ceftobiprole Medocaril is a water-soluble prodrug of ceftobiprole, a pyrrolidinone cephalosporin antibiotic, with bactericidal activity. Ceftobiprole binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), enzymes involved in the terminal stages of bacterial cell wall assembly and cell wall reshaping during bacterial growth and division. This agent exhibits a broad spectrum of activity against gram-negative and gram-positive pathogens including methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus (VISA) and vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (VRSA). Ceftobiprole is refractory to hydrolysis by class A and class C lactamases."]], ["Ceftobiprole medocaril free acid", "CC1=C(OC(=O)O1)COC(=O)N2CC[C@H](C2)N3CC/C(=C\\C4=C(N5[C@@H]([C@@H](C5=O)NC(=O)/C(=N\\O)/C6=NSC(=N6)N)SC4)C(=O)O)/C3=O", ["Ceftobiprole medocaril is a cephalosporin. It has a role as a prodrug.", "Ceftobiprole medocaril is a [ceftobiprole] prodrug."]], ["Udenafil", "CCCC1=NN(C2=C1N=C(NC2=O)C3=C(C=CC(=C3)S(=O)(=O)NCCC4CCCN4C)OCCC)C", ["Udenafil is a sulfonamide.", "Udenafil is a new phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor used to treat erectile dysfunction (ED). It has been approved in South Korea and will be marketed under the brand name Zydena. It is not yet approved for use in the U.S., E.U., or Canada.", "Udenafil is a benzenesulfonamide derivative with vasodilatory activity. Udenafil selectively inhibits phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5), thus inhibiting the degradation of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) found in the smooth muscle of the corpus cavernosa and corpus spongiosum of the penis; inhibition of cGMP degradation results in prolonged muscle relaxation, vasodilation, and blood engorgement of the corpus cavernosa, and, so, prolonged penile erection. This agent does not significantly inhibit the PDE11 isozyme; PDE11 inhibition may be associated with significant myalgia."]], ["Deferitrin", "C[C@@]1(CSC(=N1)C2=C(C=C(C=C2)O)O)C(=O)O", ["Deferitrin is under investigation in clinical trial NCT00069862 (Iron Balance Study of DFO and GT56-252 in Patients With Transfusional Iron Overload Secondary to Beta-thalassemia)."]], ["3-Pyridinemethanamine, 5-(3-(4,6-difluoro-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-1H-indazol-5-yl)-N-ethyl-4-methyl-", "CCNCC1=CN=CC(=C1C)C2=CC3=C(C=C2)NN=C3C4=NC5=C(N4)C=C(C=C5F)F", ["AG-024322 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Neoplasms and Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin.", "CDK1/2/4 Inhibitor AG-024322 is a cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor with antineoplastic activity. AG-024322 selectively inhibits cyclin-dependent kinases (particularly CDK1,2 and 4), enzymes that regulate cell cycle progression. Inhibition of CDK may result in cell cycle arrest, induction of apoptosis, and inhibition of DNA replication and tumor cell proliferation."]], ["Colazal", "C1=CC(=CC=C1C(=O)NCCC(=O)[O-])N=NC2=CC(=C(C=C2)[O-])C(=O)O.O.O.[Na+].[Na+]", ["Balsalazide disodium is the dihydrate of the disodium salt of balsalazide. A prodrug, releasing the anti-inflammatory 5-aminosalicylic acid (mesalazine) in the large intestine, it is used in the treatment of ulcerative colitis. It has a role as a gastrointestinal drug, an anti-ulcer drug and a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. It is an organic sodium salt and a hydrate. It contains a balsalazide(2-). It is functionally related to a balsalazide.", "Balsalazide Disodium is the disodium salt form of balsalazide, an aminosalicylate and oral prodrug that is enzymatically cleaved in the colon to produce the anti-inflammatory agent mesalazine. Mesalazine acts locally on the mucosa of the colon where it diminishes inflammation by blocking the production of arachidonic acid metabolites, including leukotrienes, prostaglandins and hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids, and other inflammatory agents. Balsalazide disodium is used to treat chronic inflammatory bowel disease."]], ["Vardenafil dihydrochloride", "CCCC1=NC(=C2N1N=C(NC2=O)C3=C(C=CC(=C3)S(=O)(=O)N4CCN(CC4)CC)OCC)C.Cl.Cl", ["A piperazine derivative, PHOSPHODIESTERASE 5 INHIBITOR and VASODILATOR AGENT that is used as a UROLOGICAL AGENT in the treatment of ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION."]], ["P1-7-Methylguanosine-P3-adenosine-5',5'-triphosphate", "CN1C=[N+](C2=C1C(=O)NC(=N2)N)[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O3)COP(=O)(O)OP(=O)(O)OP(=O)(O)OC[C@@H]4[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O4)N5C=NC6=C(N=CN=C65)N)O)O)O)O", ["N(7)-methyl-GpppA is a guanosine 5'-phosphate that is 7-methyl-GTP(1+) in which the hydroxy group of the terminal phosphate is substituted by an adenosyl group. It is a cap analog that can be incorporated into mRNA. It is a guanosine 5'-phosphate, a purine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate and an adenosine 5'-phosphate. It is functionally related to a 7-methyl-GTP(1+). It is a conjugate acid of a (N(7)-methyl 5'-triphospho-guanosine)-adenosine(2-)."]], ["8-Hydroxyguanine", "C12=C(NC(=O)N1)N=C(NC2=O)N", ["7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine is an oxopurine that is guanine in which the hydrogen at position 8 is replaced by an oxo group and in which the nitrogens at positions 7 and 9 each bear a hydrogen. It is functionally related to a guanine.", "8-Hydroxyguanine is a natural product found in Caenorhabditis elegans with data available."]], ["7-Chloro-N-methyl-5-(1H-pyrrol-2-yl)-3H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-amine", "CN=C1CN=C(C2=C(N1)C=CC(=C2)Cl)C3=CC=CN3", ["7-chloro-N-methyl-5-(1H-pyrrol-2-yl)-3H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-amine is a benzodiazepine.", "Ro 24-7429 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT00002314 (A Study of Ro 24-7429 in Patients With Hiv-related Kaposi's Sarcoma)."]], ["Pci-27483", "C1=CC2=C(C=C1C(=N)N)NC(=N2)C3=CC(=CC(=C3O)C4=C(C=CC(=C4)S(=O)(=O)N)O)CC(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)O)C(=O)O", ["PCI-27483 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Pancreatic Cancer, Ductal Adrenocarcinoma, and Exocrine Pancreatic Cancer.", "Factor VIIa Inhibitor PCI-27483 is a reversible small-molecule inhibitor of activated factor VII (factor VIIa) with potential antineoplastic and antithrombotic activities.  FVII, a serine protease, becomes activated (FVIIa) upon binding with TF forming the FVIIa/TF complex, which induces intracellular signaling pathways by activating protease activated receptor 2 (PAR-2). Upon subcutaneous administration, factor VIIa inhibitor PCI-27483 selectively inhibits factor FVIIa in the VIIa/TF complex, which may prevent PAR-2 activation and PAR2-mediated signal transduction pathways, thereby inhibiting tumor cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastasis of TF-overexpressing tumor cells. In addition, this agent inhibits both the extrinsic and intrinsic coagulation cascades, preventing blood clot formation. TF, a blood protein overexpressed on the cell surface of a variety of tumor cell types, may correlate with poor prognosis; PAR-2 (also known as thrombin receptor-like 1) is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) and a protease-activated receptor."]], ["CID 135430840", "C1=CC(=CC=C1C(=O)NCCC(=O)O)N=NC2=CC(=C(C=C2)O)C(=O)O.O.O.[Na].[Na]", ["Balsalazide Disodium is the disodium salt form of balsalazide, an aminosalicylate and oral prodrug that is enzymatically cleaved in the colon to produce the anti-inflammatory agent mesalazine. Mesalazine acts locally on the mucosa of the colon where it diminishes inflammation by blocking the production of arachidonic acid metabolites, including leukotrienes, prostaglandins and hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids, and other inflammatory agents. Balsalazide disodium is used to treat chronic inflammatory bowel disease."]], ["CID 135430945", "C1C(N(C2=C(N1)N=C(NC2=O)N)C=O)CNC3=CC=C(C=C3)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)O.[Ca]", ["The active metabolite of FOLIC ACID. Leucovorin is used principally as an antidote to FOLIC ACID ANTAGONISTS."]], ["Plevitrexed", "CC1=CC2=C(C=C1CN(CC#C)C3=CC(=C(C=C3)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC4=NNN=N4)C(=O)O)F)C(=O)NC(=N2)C", ["Plevitrexed is an orally bioavailable, small molecule, non-polyglutamatable, antifolate quinazoline derivative thymidine synthetase inhibitor with potential antineoplastic activity. Plevitrexed is transported into the cell via the physiological reduced folate carrier (RFC) system. Intracellularly, this agent selectively binds to the folate binding site of thymidylate synthase and inhibits thymidine synthesis, which may result in DNA synthesis inhibition and apoptosis."]], ["Pelitrexol", "CC1=C(SC(=C1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)O)CC[C@H]2CC3=C(NC2)N=C(NC3=O)N", ["Pelitrexol has been used in trials studying the treatment of Unspecified Adult Solid Tumor, Protocol Specific.", "Pelitrexol is a water soluble antifolate with anti-proliferative activity. Pelitrexol inhibits activity of glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase (GARFT), the first folate-dependent enzyme of the de novo purine synthesis pathway essential for cell proliferation. Enzyme inhibition reduces the purine nucleotides pool required for DNA replication and RNA transcription. As a result, this agent causes cell cycle arrest in S-phase, and ultimately inhibits tumor cell proliferation"]], ["Rifalazil", "C[C@H]1/C=C/C=C(\\C(=O)NC2=C3C(=C4C(=C(C(=C5C4=C([C@](O5)(O/C=C/[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]1O)C)O)C)OC(=O)C)C)OC)C)O)C)O)C2=O)N=C6C(=CC(=CC6=O)N7CCN(CC7)CC(C)C)O3)/C", ["Rifalazil is a phenoxazine.", "Rifalazil is a derivative of the antibiotic rifamycin. It is being investigated by ActivBiotics for the treatment of various bacterial infections."]], ["Lodenafil carbonate", "CCCC1=NN(C2=C1N=C(NC2=O)C3=C(C=CC(=C3)S(=O)(=O)N4CCN(CC4)CCOC(=O)OCCN5CCN(CC5)S(=O)(=O)C6=CC(=C(C=C6)OCC)C7=NC8=C(C(=O)N7)N(N=C8CCC)C)OCC)C", ["Lodenafil carbonate has been used in trials studying the treatment of Coronaropathy and Erectile Dysfunction."]], ["Calcium leucovorin", "C1C(N(C2=C(N1)N=C(NC2=O)N)C=O)CNC3=CC=C(C=C3)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)O.[Ca+2]", ["The active metabolite of FOLIC ACID. Leucovorin is used principally as an antidote to FOLIC ACID ANTAGONISTS."]], ["Diazobleu", "CC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C2=CC(=C(C=C2)N=NC3=C(C4=C(C=C3)C(=CC(=C4N)S(=O)(=O)O)S(=O)(=O)O)O)C)N=NC5=C(C6=C(C=C5)C(=CC(=C6N)S(=O)(=O)O)S(=O)(=O)O)O.[Na+]", ["An azo dye used in blood volume and cardiac output measurement by the dye dilution method. It is very soluble, strongly bound to plasma albumin, and disappears very slowly."]], ["8-Hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine", "C1[C@@H]([C@H](O[C@H]1N2C3=C(C(=O)NC(=N3)N)NC2=O)CO)O", ["8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine is guanosine substituted at the purine 8-position by a hydroxy group. It is used as a biomarker of oxidative DNA damage. It has a role as a biomarker.", "8-Hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine is a natural product found in Vibrio harveyi with data available.", "8-Hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine is a major spontaneous oxidized derivative of 2'-deoxyguanosine and a biomarker of oxidative DNA damage. 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG) is formed through the reaction of guanine with reactive oxygen species. Although normally repaired and removed by the base excision repair mechanism, 8-oxo-dG can potentially mispair with deoxyadenine leading to G-to-T transversion mutations, which cause frequent recombinations and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the human genome. The concentration of 8-oxo-dG within a cell is a measurement of oxidative stress and may thus be used to assess the extent of physiological and environmental damage to DNA.", "Common oxidized form of deoxyguanosine in which C-8 position of guanine base has a carbonyl group."]], ["1-b]Furan-21-yl acetate", "CC1/C=C/C=C(\\C(=O)NC2=C(C(=C3C(=C2O)C(=C(C4=C3C(=O)C(O4)(O/C=C/C(C(C(C(C(C(C1O)C)O)C)OC(=O)C)C)OC)C)C)O)O)/C=N/N5CCN(CC5)C)/C", ["A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160)"]], ["Acid orange 7", "C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C=CC(=C2N=NC3=CC=C(C=C3)S(=O)(=O)[O-])O.[Na+]", ["Acid orange 7 is a member of naphthalenes.", "Orange allergenic extract is used in allergenic testing."]], ["Methanone, ((7R)-7-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-4,7-dihydro-5-methylpyrazolo(1,5-a)pyrimidin-6-yl)((2S)-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-pyrrolidinyl)-", "CC1=C([C@H](N2C(=CC=N2)N1)C3=CC(=C(C=C3)Cl)Cl)C(=O)N4CCC[C@H]4C5=CC=C(C=C5)F", ["BMS-394136 has been used in trials studying the diagnostic of Heart Diseases."]], ["Camsirubicin", "C[C@H]1[C@H]([C@H](C[C@@H](O1)O[C@H]2C[C@@](CC3=C2C(=C4C(=C3O)C(=O)C5=C(C4=N)C(=CC=C5)OC)O)(CCO)O)N)O", ["Camsirubicin is a synthetic non-cardiotoxic analogue of the anthracycline antibiotic doxorubicin with potential antineoplastic activity. Camsirubicin intercalates DNA and impedes the activity of topoisomerase II, inducing single and double-stranded breaks in DNA; inhibiting DNA replication and/or repair, transcription, and protein synthesis; and activating tumor cell apoptosis."]], ["Inosine pranobex", "CC(CN(C)C)O.CC(CN(C)C)O.CC(CN(C)C)O.CC(=O)NC1=CC=C(C=C1)C(=O)O.CC(=O)NC1=CC=C(C=C1)C(=O)O.CC(=O)NC1=CC=C(C=C1)C(=O)O.C1=NC2=C(C(=O)N1)N=CN2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O3)CO)O)O", ["Inosine Pranobex is a formulation containing inosine, 4-acetamidobenzoic Acid, and N,N-dimethylaminoisopropanol, with immunomodulatory and antiviral activities. Although the exact mechanism of action is unknown, inosine pranobex appears to act as a thymus hormone analog; following administration, this agent may both induce T-cell differentiation and potentiate lymphoproliferative responses against transformed or virally-infected cells.", "An alkylamino-alcohol complex of inosine used in the treatment of a variety of viral infections. Unlike other antiviral agents, it acts by modifying or stimulating cell-mediated immune processes rather than acting on the virus directly."]], ["Febantel", "COCC(=O)NC1=C(C=CC(=C1)SC2=CC=CC=C2)N=C(NC(=O)OC)NC(=O)OC", ["Febantel is an aryl sulfide."]], ["Eltrombopag", "CC1=C(C=C(C=C1)N2C(=O)C(=C(N2)C)N=NC3=CC=CC(=C3O)C4=CC(=CC=C4)C(=O)O)C", ["Eltrombopag is a hydrazine in which each nitrogen atom is substituted, one by a 3'-carboxy-2-hydroxy[1,1'-biphenyl]-3-yl group and the other by a 1-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)-3-methyl-5-oxo-1,5-dihydro-4H-pyrazol-4-ylidene group. A small molecule agonist of the c-mpl (TpoR) receptor (the physiological target of the hormone thrombopoietin), it has been developed as a medication for conditions that lead to thrombocytopenia (abnormally low platelet counts). It has a role as a thrombopoietin receptor agonist and a xenobiotic. It is a member of hydrazines, a member of pyrazoles and a member of benzoic acids.", "Eltrombopag is used to treat low blood platelet counts in adults with chronic immune (idiopathic) thrombocytopenia (ITP), when certain other medicines, or surgery to remove the spleen, have not worked well enough. ITP is a condition that may cause unusual bruising or bleeding due to an abnormally low number of platelets in the blood. Eltrombopag has also been recently approved (late 2012) for the treatment of thrombocytopenia (low blood platelet counts) in patients with chronic hepatitis C to allow them to initiate and maintain interferon-based therapy.", "Eltrombopag is a Thrombopoietin Receptor Agonist. The mechanism of action of eltrombopag is as a Thrombopoietin Receptor Agonist, and Organic Anion Transporting Polypeptide 1B1 Inhibitor, and Breast Cancer Resistance Protein Inhibitor, and UGT1A1 Inhibitor, and UGT1A3 Inhibitor, and UGT1A4 Inhibitor, and UGT1A6 Inhibitor, and UGT1A9 Inhibitor, and UGT2B7 Inhibitor, and UGT2B15 Inhibitor. The physiologic effect of eltrombopag is by means of Increased Megakaryocyte Maturation, and Increased Platelet Production.", "Eltrombopag is an orally active thrombopoietin receptor agonist with megakaryopoiesis stimulating activity. Eltrombopag binds to and stimulates the platelet thrombopoietin receptor (TPO-R or CD110), a member of the hematopoietin receptor superfamily. Activation of TPO-R leads to the proliferation and differentiation of megakaryocytes, thereby increasing the production of blood platelets."]], ["2-Methyl-2-[4-[3-[1-(4-methylbenzyl)-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]propyl]phenoxy]propanoic acid", "CC1=CC=C(C=C1)CN2C(=O)NC(=N2)CCCC3=CC=C(C=C3)OC(C)(C)C(=O)O", ["LY518674 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Metabolic Syndrome X."]], ["Ulodesine", "C1[C@@H]([C@H](CN1CC2=CNC3=C2N=CNC3=O)O)CO", ["Ulodesine has been used in trials studying the treatment of Gout, Arthritis, Hyperuricemia, and Joint Disease."]], ["[(7S,11S,12R,13S,14R,15R,16R,17S,18S)-2,15,17,27,29-pentahydroxy-11-methoxy-3,7,12,14,16,18,22-heptamethyl-26-[(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)iminomethyl]-6,23-dioxo-8,30-dioxa-24-azatetracyclo[23.3.1.14,7.05,28]triaconta-1(29),2,4,9,19,21,25,27-octaen-13-yl] acetate", "C[C@H]1C=CC=C(C(=O)NC2=C(C(=C3C(=C2O)C(=C(C4=C3C(=O)[C@](O4)(OC=C[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]1O)C)O)C)OC(=O)C)C)OC)C)C)O)O)C=NN5CCN(CC5)C)C", ["A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160)"]], ["Totrombopag choline", "CC1=C(C=C(C=C1)N2C(=O)C(=C(N2)C)N=NC3=CC=CC(=C3[O-])C4=CC(=CC=C4)C5=NNN=N5)C.C[N+](C)(C)CCO", ["SB-559448 is a small-molecule drug that mimics the activity of thrombopoietin (TPO), a protein factor that promotes growth and production of blood platelets. This drug is developed by GlaxoSmithKline and used to treat Thrombocytopenia.Thrombocytopenia (decreased platelet count) is a common side effect of many chemotherapies and can lead to uncontrolled bleeding, thus representing a significant problem in the treatment of cancer patients."]], ["TPO agonist 1", "CC1=C(C=C(C=C1)N2C(=O)C(=C(N2)C)N=NC3=CC=CC(=C3O)C4=CC(=CC=C4)C5=NNN=N5)C", ["SB-559448 is a small-molecule drug that mimics the activity of thrombopoietin (TPO), a protein factor that promotes growth and production of blood platelets. This drug is developed by GlaxoSmithKline and used to treat Thrombocytopenia.Thrombocytopenia (decreased platelet count) is a common side effect of many chemotherapies and can lead to uncontrolled bleeding, thus representing a significant problem in the treatment of cancer patients."]], ["Ceftobiprole medocaril sodium salt", "CC1=C(OC(=O)O1)COC(=O)N2CC[C@H](C2)N3CC/C(=C\\C4=C(N5[C@@H]([C@@H](C5=O)NC(=O)/C(=N/O)/C6=NSC(=N6)N)SC4)C(=O)O)/C3=O", ["Ceftobiprole Medocaril is a water-soluble prodrug of ceftobiprole, a pyrrolidinone cephalosporin antibiotic, with bactericidal activity. Ceftobiprole binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), enzymes involved in the terminal stages of bacterial cell wall assembly and cell wall reshaping during bacterial growth and division. This agent exhibits a broad spectrum of activity against gram-negative and gram-positive pathogens including methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus (VISA) and vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (VRSA). Ceftobiprole is refractory to hydrolysis by class A and class C lactamases."]], ["Echinochrome A", "CCC1=C(C2=C(C(=C1O)O)C(=O)C(=C(C2=O)O)O)O", ["Echinochrome A is a natural product found in Scaphechinus mirabilis, Spatangus purpureus, and other organisms with data available."]], ["Hydroxystilbamidine isethionate", "C1=CC(=CC=C1/C=C/C2=C(C=C(C=C2)C(=N)N)O)C(=N)N.C(CS(=O)(=O)O)O", ["Hydroxystilbamidine Isethionate is the isethionate salt form of hydroxystilbamidine, a cationic dye with antifungal, antitrypanosomal, antimalarial, and carcinostatic activities. Hydroxystilbamidine is able to bind to DNA and RNA in a non-intercalating manner, and is a powerful inhibitor of ribonucleases, thereby impeding cellular processes in protozoa. This agent was also shown to bind to lysosomes and induced a large number of lysosome-like bodies and secretion granules in trypanosome."]], ["Cyclic pyranopterin monophosphate", "C1[C@@H]2[C@@H](C([C@H]3[C@@H](O2)NC4=C(N3)C(=O)NC(=N4)N)(O)O)OP(=O)(O1)O", ["Precursor Z hydrate is a linear-fused organic heterotetracyclic compound consisting of a [1,3,2]dioxaphosphinane fused to a pyran ring which is in turn fused to a pteridine ring system. Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis intermediate. Dehydrated derivative known as precursor Z. It has a role as an Escherichia coli metabolite. It is an organic heterotetracyclic compound, an oxacycle, an organonitrogen heterocyclic compound and a ketone hydrate.", "Molybdenum cofactor deficiency (MoCD) is an exceptionally rare autosomal recessive disorder resulting in a deficiency of three molybdenum-dependent enzymes: sulfite oxidase (SOX), xanthine dehydrogenase, and aldehyde oxidase. Signs and symptoms begin shortly after birth and are caused by a build-up of toxic sulfites resulting from a lack of SOX activity. Patients with MoCD may present with metabolic acidosis, intracranial hemorrhage, feeding difficulties, and significant neurological symptoms such as muscle hyper- and hypotonia, intractable seizures, spastic paraplegia, myoclonus, and opisthotonus. In addition, patients with MoCD are often born with morphologic evidence of the disorder such as microcephaly, cerebral atrophy/hypodensity, dilated ventricles, and ocular abnormalities. MoCD is incurable and median survival in untreated patients is approximately 36 months - treatment, then, is focused on improving survival and maintaining neurological function.  The most common subtype of MoCD, type A, involves mutations in MOCS1 wherein the first step of molybdenum cofactor synthesis - the conversion of guanosine triphosphate into cyclic pyranopterin monophosphate (cPMP) - is interrupted. In the past, management strategies for this disorder involved symptomatic and supportive treatment, though efforts were made to develop a suitable exogenous replacement for the missing cPMP. In 2009 a recombinant, E. coli-produced cPMP was granted orphan drug designation by the FDA, becoming the first therapeutic option for patients with MoCD type A.  Fosdenopterin was approved by the FDA on Februrary 26, 2021, for the reduction of mortality in patients with MoCD type A, becoming the first and only therapy approved for the treatment of MoCD. By improving the three-year survival rate from 55% to 84%, and considering the lack of alternative therapies available, fosdenopterin appears poised to become a standard of therapy in the management of this debilitating disorder.  In July 2022, the EMA's Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) recommended fosdenopterin be granted marketing authorization under exceptional circumstances for the treatment of patients with molybdenum cofactor deficiency (MoCD) Type A. In September 2022, the EMA approved the use of fosdenopterin.", "Cyclic pyranopterin monophosphate is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).", "Fosdenopterin is a Cyclic Pyranopterin Monophosphate."]], ["[(7S,9E,11S,12R,13R,14R,15R,16R,17S,19E,21Z)-2,15,17,27,29-pentahydroxy-11-methoxy-3,7,12,14,16,18,22-heptamethyl-26-[(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)iminomethyl]-6,23-dioxo-8,30-dioxa-24-azatetracyclo[23.3.1.14,7.05,28]triaconta-1(29),2,4,9,19,21,25,27-octaen-13-yl] acetate", "C[C@@H]1[C@H](/C=C/O[C@@]2(C(=O)C3=C(O2)C(=C(C4=C(C(=C(C(=C43)O)C=NN5CCN(CC5)C)NC(=O)/C(=C\\C=C\\C([C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@H]1OC(=O)C)C)O)C)O)C)/C)O)O)C)C)OC", ["Rifampin is an antibacterial prescription medicine approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Rifampin is also FDA-approved to treat people who carry Neisseria meningitidis bacteria but have no symptoms of disease. Treatment with rifampin eliminates the bacteria from their noses and throats. This use of rifampin can prevent the spread of meningitis and other meningococcal diseases caused by Neisseria meningitidis bacteria.", "Rifampin (also referred to as rifampicin) is a macrocyclic antibiotic with major activity against mycobacteria, commonly used in combination with other agents as therapy of tuberculosis. Rifampin is associated with transient and asymptomatic elevations in serum aminotransferase and bilirubin levels and is a well known cause of clinically apparent, acute liver disease that can be severe and even fatal.", "Rifampin is a semisynthetic derivative of rifamycin with broad antibacterial activity. Rifampin inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase in susceptible bacteria and is often used in combination with other antibiotics for various infections including tuberculosis.", "A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160)"]], ["5-Methyltetrahydrofolate", "CN1C(CNC2=C1C(=O)NC(=N2)N)CNC3=CC=C(C=C3)C(=O)N[C@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)O", ["5-Methyltetrahydrofolic acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae."]], ["(E)-2,2'-((4-hydroxyphenyl)methylene)bis(4-((E)-(5-methyl-1H-tetrazol-1-ylimino)methyl)phenol)", "CC1=NN=NN1/N=C/C2=CC(=C(C=C2)O)C(C3=C(C=CC(=C3)/C=N/N4N=NN=C4C)O)C5=CC=C(C=C5)O", ["MDT-637 has been investigated for the treatment of Drug Safety."]], ["9H-Purine-9-propanamide, 1,6-dihydro-6-oxo-N-(3-(2-oxo-1-pyrrolidinyl)propyl)-", "C1CC(=O)N(C1)CCCNC(=O)CCN2C=NC3=C2N=CNC3=O", ["AIT-034 is a distinct chemical analog of hypoxanthine and pyrollidone that has been demonstrated in animal studies to enhance memory and to reverse memory deficits in severely impaired animals that do not respond to Neotrofin. AIT-034 does not induce the production of NGF, and its mechanism of action is therefore believed to be different than Neotrofin. There is some evidence that AIT-034 could complement Neotrofin as a treatment for Alzheimer's disease and dementia."]], ["2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-(5-ethoxy-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)phenol", "CCOC1=NN=C(S1)C2=CC(=C(C(=C2)C(C)(C)C)O)C(C)(C)C", ["PMI-001 is a stand-alone, disease-modifying, anti-rheumatic drug (DMARD) being developed by Phytomedics Inc. It is an extract of the roots of an undisclosed perennial shrub which interferes with the production of IL-2 and COX-2 proteins, for the potential treatment of autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus erythematosus and psoriasis."]], ["Mirodenafil", "CCCC1=CN(C2=C1N=C(NC2=O)C3=C(C=CC(=C3)S(=O)(=O)N4CCN(CC4)CCO)OCCC)CC", ["Mirodenafil is a member of the class of pyrrolopyrimidines that is 3,5-dihydro-4H-pyrrolo[3,2-d]pyrimidin-4-one having a 5-{[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]sulfonyl}-2-propoxyphenyl group at positon 2, ethyl group at position 5, and a propyl group at position 7. It is a phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor which is used for the treatment of erectile dysfunction. It has a role as an EC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor and a vasodilator agent. It is a sulfonamide, a pyrrolopyrimidine, a N-alkylpiperazine, a primary alcohol and an aromatic ether.", "Mirodenafil has been used in trials studying the treatment and supportive care of Kidney Diseases, Urologic Diseases, Renal Insufficiency, Erectile Dysfunction, and Male Erectile Dysfunction."]], ["(S)-2-(2-hydroxy-4-(2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy)phenyl)-4-methyl-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid", "C[C@@]1(CSC(=N1)C2=C(C=C(C=C2)OCCOCCOC)O)C(=O)O", ["SP-420 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03801889 (SP-420 in Subjects With Transfusion-dependent Beta-thalassemia or Other Rare Anemias).", "Iron Chelating Agent SP-420 is an orally bioavailable iron-chelating agent and derivative of desferrithiocin, with iron chelating and protective activities in diseases of iron overload. Upon oral administration, the iron chelating agent SP-420 targets, binds to and chelates free iron. This induces the excretion of iron, prevents iron accumulation and prevents cellular and/or tissue damage associated with iron overload."]], ["[2,15,17,27,29-Pentahydroxy-11-methoxy-3,7,12,14,16,18,22-heptamethyl-26-[(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)iminomethyl]-6,23-dioxo-8,30-dioxa-24-azatetracyclo[23.3.1.14,7.05,28]triaconta-1(29),2,4,9,19,21,25,27-octaen-13-yl] acetate", "CC1C=CC=C(C(=O)NC2=C(C(=C3C(=C2O)C(=C(C4=C3C(=O)C(O4)(OC=CC(C(C(C(C(C(C1O)C)O)C)OC(=O)C)C)OC)C)C)O)O)C=NN5CCN(CC5)C)C", ["Rifampin is an antibacterial prescription medicine approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Rifampin is also FDA-approved to treat people who carry Neisseria meningitidis bacteria but have no symptoms of disease. Treatment with rifampin eliminates the bacteria from their noses and throats. This use of rifampin can prevent the spread of meningitis and other meningococcal diseases caused by Neisseria meningitidis bacteria.", "Rifampin (also referred to as rifampicin) is a macrocyclic antibiotic with major activity against mycobacteria, commonly used in combination with other agents as therapy of tuberculosis. Rifampin is associated with transient and asymptomatic elevations in serum aminotransferase and bilirubin levels and is a well known cause of clinically apparent, acute liver disease that can be severe and even fatal.", "Rifampin is a semisynthetic derivative of rifamycin with broad antibacterial activity. Rifampin inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase in susceptible bacteria and is often used in combination with other antibiotics for various infections including tuberculosis.", "A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160)"]], ["L-Alanosine", "C(C(C(=O)O)N)[N+](=NO)[O-]", ["Alanosine is an amino acid analogue and antibiotic derived from the bacterium Streptomyces alanosinicus with antimetabolite and potential antineoplastic activities. L-alanosine inhibits adenylosuccinate synthetase, which converts inosine monophospate (IMP) into adenylosuccinate, an intermediate in purine metabolism. L-alanosine-induced disruption of de novo purine biosynthesis is potentiated by methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP) deficiency. The clinical use of this agent may be limited by its toxicity profile. MTAP is a key enzyme in the adenine and methionine salvage pathways."]], ["Carbazochrome sodium sulfonate hydrate", "CN1C(CC2=CC(=C(C=C21)O)N=NC(=O)N)S(=O)(=O)[O-].O.O.O.[Na+]", ["Carbazochrome sodium sulfonate is a member of indoles and an organosulfonate oxoanion. It is functionally related to a carbazochrome."]], ["Viomycin sulfate", "C1[C@@H](N=C(N[C@H]1O)N)[C@H]2C(=O)NC[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N/C(=C\\NC(=O)N)/C(=O)N2)CO)CO)NC(=O)C[C@H](CCCN)N.OS(=O)(=O)O", ["Viomycin Sulfate is a sulfate salt form of viomycin, a tuberactinomycin antibiotic used to treat tuberculosis."]], ["Sodium allopurinol", "C1=NNC2=C1C(=O)NC=N2.[Na+]", ["Allopurinol Sodium is the sodium form of allopurinol, which is a structural isomer of hypoxanthine. Allopurinol inhibits xanthine oxidase, an enzyme that converts oxypurines to uric acid. By blocking the production of uric acid, this agent decreases serum and urine concentrations of uric acid, thereby providing protection against uric acid-mediated end organ damage in conditions associated with excessive production of uric acid, i.e. the massive cell lysis associated with the treatment of some malignancies. (NCI04)"]], ["Gisadenafil", "CCC1=C2C(=NN1CCOC)C(=O)NC(=N2)C3=C(N=CC(=C3)S(=O)(=O)N4CCN(CC4)CC)OCC", ["Gisadenafil has been investigated for the treatment of Prostatic Hyperplasia."]], ["(6R,7R)-7-[[(2E)-2-(5-amino-1,2,4-thiadiazol-3-yl)-2-hydroxyiminoacetyl]amino]-8-oxo-3-[(E)-[2-oxo-1-[(3R)-pyrrolidin-3-yl]pyrrolidin-3-ylidene]methyl]-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid", "C1CNC[C@@H]1N2CC/C(=C\\C3=C(N4[C@@H]([C@@H](C4=O)NC(=O)/C(=N/O)/C5=NSC(=N5)N)SC3)C(=O)O)/C2=O", ["Ceftobiprole is a broad-spectrum, fifth-generation, pyrrolidinone cephalosporin with antibacterial activity. Ceftobiprole binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall. PBPs are enzymes involved in the terminal stages of assembling the bacterial cell wall and in reshaping the cell wall during growth and division. Inactivation of PBPs interferes with the cross-linkage of peptidoglycan chains necessary for bacterial cell wall strength and rigidity. This results in the weakening of the bacterial cell wall and causes cell lysis."]], ["Luminespib", "CCNC(=O)C1=NOC(=C1C2=CC=C(C=C2)CN3CCOCC3)C4=CC(=C(C=C4O)O)C(C)C", ["Luminespib is a monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-(2,4-dihydroxy-5-isopropylphenyl)-4-[4-(morpholin-4-ylmethyl)phenyl]-1,2-oxazole-3-carboxylic acid with the amino group of ethylamine. It has a role as a Hsp90 inhibitor, an antineoplastic agent and an angiogenesis inhibitor. It is a member of isoxazoles, a member of resorcinols, a member of morpholines, a monocarboxylic acid amide and an aromatic amide.", "Luminespib is a derivative of 4,5-diarylisoxazole and a third-generation heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) inhibitor with potential antineoplastic activity. Luminespib has been shown to bind with high affinity to and inhibit Hsp90, resulting in the proteasomal degradation of oncogenic client proteins; the inhibition of cell proliferation; and the elevation of heat shock protein 72 (Hsp72) in a wide range of human tumor cell lines. Hsp90, a 90 kDa molecular chaperone, plays a key role in the conformational maturation, stability and function of other substrate or \"client\" proteins within the cell, many of which are involved in signal transduction, cell cycle regulation and apoptosis, including kinases, transcription factors and hormone receptors.  Hsp72 exhibits anti-apoptotic functions; its up-regulation may be used as a surrogate marker for Hsp90 inhibition."]], ["Folitixorin calcium", "C1C2CN(CN2C3=C(N1)N=C(NC3=O)N)C4=CC=C(C=C4)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)[O-])C(=O)[O-].[Ca+2]", ["ANX-510 (CoFactor) is a folate-based biomodulator drug being developed to enhance the activity and reduce associated toxicity of the widely used cancer chemotherapy, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). CoFactor use with 5-FU is being evaluated in clinical trials in first line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer."]], ["Mimopezil", "C/C=C/1\\[C@@H]2CC3=C([C@]1(CC(=C2)C)N=CC4=C(C(=CC(=C4)Cl)OC)O)C=CC(=O)N3", ["Mimopezil is an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor that has demonstrated potential use in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Mimopezil is a pro-drug that is rapidly absorbed and converted into huperzine A."]], ["Valomaciclovir", "CC(C)[C@@H](C(=O)OCC[C@H](CN1C=NC2=C1N=C(NC2=O)N)CO)N", ["Valomaciclovir is a prodrug form of the acyclic guanosine derivative omaciclovir with activity against varicella zoster virus (VZV) and other members of the herpesvirus family. Valomaciclovir is converted in vivo to omaciclovir, a nucleoside analog inhibitor of VZV DNA polymerase."]], ["Rifampin", "C[C@H]1/C=C/C=C(\\C(=O)NC2=C(C(=C3C(=C2O)C(=C(C4=C3C(=O)[C@](O4)(O/C=C/[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]1O)C)O)C)OC(=O)C)C)OC)C)C)O)O)/C=N\\N5CCN(CC5)C)/C", ["Rifampin is an antibacterial prescription medicine approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Rifampin is also FDA-approved to treat people who carry Neisseria meningitidis bacteria but have no symptoms of disease. Treatment with rifampin eliminates the bacteria from their noses and throats. This use of rifampin can prevent the spread of meningitis and other meningococcal diseases caused by Neisseria meningitidis bacteria.", "Rifampin (also referred to as rifampicin) is a macrocyclic antibiotic with major activity against mycobacteria, commonly used in combination with other agents as therapy of tuberculosis. Rifampin is associated with transient and asymptomatic elevations in serum aminotransferase and bilirubin levels and is a well known cause of clinically apparent, acute liver disease that can be severe and even fatal.", "Rifampin is a semisynthetic derivative of rifamycin with broad antibacterial activity. Rifampin inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase in susceptible bacteria and is often used in combination with other antibiotics for various infections including tuberculosis.", "A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160)"]], ["Simurosertib", "CC1=C(C=NN1)C2=CC3=C(S2)C(=O)NC(=N3)[C@@H]4CC5CCN4CC5", ["Simurosertib is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03261947 (A Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, and Activity of TAK-931 in Participants With Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer, Metastatic Colorectal Cancer, and Other Advanced Solid Tumors).", "Simurosertib is an orally bioavailable inhibitor of cell division cycle 7 (cell division cycle 7-related protein kinase; CDC7), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, simurosertib binds to and inhibits CDC7; this prevents the initiation of DNA replication during mitosis, which causes cell cycle arrest and induces apoptosis. This inhibits cell growth in CDC7-overexpressing tumor cells. CDC7, a serine/threonine kinase and cell division cycle protein, is overexpressed in a variety of cancers and plays a key role in the activation of DNA replication and the regulation of cell cycle progression."]], ["4H-Pyrazolo(3,4-d)pyrimidin-4-one, 1,5-dihydro-6-((3S,4S)-4-methyl-1-(2-pyrimidinylmethyl)-3-pyrrolidinyl)-1-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)-", "C[C@@H]1CN(C[C@H]1C2=NC3=C(C=NN3C4CCOCC4)C(=O)N2)CC5=NC=CC=N5", ["PF-04447943 has been investigated for the treatment of Alzheimer's Disease."]], ["8-Chloro-2-[(2s)-Pyrrolidin-2-Yl][1]benzofuro[3,2-D]pyrimidin-4(3h)-One", "C1C[C@H](NC1)C2=NC3=C(C(=O)N2)OC4=C3C=C(C=C4)Cl", ["XL413 is a benzofuropyrimidine that is 3,4-dihydro[1]benzofuro[3,2-d]pyrimidine substituted by (2S)-pyrrolidin-2-yl, oxo and chloro groups at positions 2, 4, and 8, respectively. It is a potent ATP competitive inhibitor of Cdc7 kinase (IC50 = 3.4 nM) and exhibits anticancer properties. It has a role as an EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor and an antineoplastic agent. It is a benzofuropyrimidine, an organochlorine compound and a member of pyrrolidines.", "BMS-863233 has been investigated for the treatment of Refractory Hematologic Cancer.", "CDC7 Kinase Inhibitor BMS-863233 is an orally bioavailable cell division cycle 7 homolog (CDC7) kinase inhibitor with potential antineoplastic activity. CDC7 kinase inhibitor BMS-863233 binds to and inhibits the activity of CDC7, which may result in the inhibition of DNA replication and mitosis, the induction of tumor cell apoptosis, and the inhibition of tumor cell proliferation in CDC7-overexpressing tumor cells. CDC7, a serine-threonine kinase overexpressed in a variety of tumor cell types, plays an essential role in the initiation of DNA replication by activating origins of replication."]], ["Unii-56DL1J49LR", "CCC1=C2CN3C(=CC4=C(C3=O)COC(=O)[C@@]4(CC)O)C2=NC5=C1C=C(C=C5)OC(=O)N6CCC(CC6)CCN7C=CC8=C7C=CC(=C8)N9C(=NNC9=O)C1=CC(=C(C=C1O)O)C(C)C", ["PEN-866 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03221400 (PEN-866 in Patients With Advanced Solid Malignancies).", "Locnartecan is a miniature drug conjugate composed of the irinotecan metabolite 7-ethyl-10-hydroxy-camptothecin (SN-38) conjugated, through a cleavable linker, to a ligand of chaperone protein heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration of locnartecan, the HSP90 ligand moiety targets HSP90, which allows the conjugate to penetrate, accumulate and be retained in the tumor cell. Once the linker is cleaved, the SN-38 moiety is released in a sustained manner. SN-38 then binds to and inhibits topoisomerase I by stabilizing the cleavable complex between topoisomerase I and DNA, which results in DNA breaks, inhibition of DNA replication and apoptosis. Compared to SN-38 alone, locnartecan preferentially targets, accumulates  and is retained in the tumor cells due to its binding to Hsp90, which results in increased concentrations of SN-38 at the tumor site. This allows sustained release of SN-38 and leads to increased and prolonged efficacy while reducing toxicity to normal, healthy tissues. Hsp90, a chaperone protein upregulated and activated in a variety of tumor cells compared to normal healthy tissue, regulates the folding, stability and degradation of many oncogenic signaling proteins."]], ["Folate-FITC", "C1=CC(=CC=C1C(=O)N(CCNC(=S)NC2=CC3=C(C=C2)C4(C5=C(C=C(C=C5)O)OC6=C4C=CC(=C6)O)OC3=O)[C@@H](CCC(=O)N)C(=O)O)NCC7=CN=C8C(=N7)C(=O)NC(=N8)N", ["Folate Fitc has been used in trials studying the diagnostic of Ovarian Cancer.", "Folate-FITC is a conjugate consisting of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) conjugated with folate with potential antineoplastic activity. Folate-FITC binds to folate receptors, which are overexpressed on the surfaces of many cancer cells including kidney and ovarian cancer cells. Once bound to the cancer cell through the folate moiety of the conjugate, circulating anti-fluorescein antibodies may recognize and bind to the FITC moiety, resulting in antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity."]], ["Seclidemstat", "C/C(=N\\NC(=O)C1=CC(=CC=C1)S(=O)(=O)N2CCN(CC2)C)/C3=C(C=CC(=C3)Cl)O", ["Seclidemstat is an orally available, reversible, noncompetitive inhibitor of lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1, or KDM1A), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, seclidemstat reversibly inhibits LSD1, a demethylase that suppresses the expression of target genes by converting the di- and mono-methylated forms of lysine at position 4 of histone 3 (H3K4) to mono- and unmethylated H3K4, respectively. LSD1 inhibition enhances H3K4 methylation and increases the expression of tumor suppressor genes. This may lead to an inhibition of cell growth in LSD1-overexpressing tumor cells. In addition, LSD1 demethylates mono- or di-methylated H3K9 which increases gene expression of tumor promoting genes; inhibition of LSD1 promotes H3K9 methylation and decreases transcription of these genes."]], ["Branaplam", "CC1(CC(CC(N1)(C)C)OC2=NN=C(C=C2)C3=C(C=C(C=C3)C4=CNN=C4)O)C", ["Branaplam is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02268552 (An Open Label Study of LMI070 (Branaplam) in Type 1 Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA))."]], ["Fimaporfin", "C1CC2=C(C3=NC(=C(C4=CC=C(N4)C(=C5C=CC(=N5)C(=C1N2)C6=CC=CC=C6)C7=CC=CC=C7)C8=CC=C(C=C8)S(=O)(=O)O)C=C3)C9=CC=C(C=C9)S(=O)(=O)O.C1CC2=NC1=C(C3=CC=C(N3)C(=C4C=CC(=N4)C(=C5C=CC(=C2C6=CC=CC=C6)N5)C7=CC=C(C=C7)S(=O)(=O)O)C8=CC=C(C=C8)S(=O)(=O)O)C9=CC=CC=C9.C1CC2=NC1=C(C3=CC=C(N3)C(=C4C=CC(=N4)C(=C5C=CC(=C2C6=CC=C(C=C6)S(=O)(=O)O)N5)C7=CC=CC=C7)C8=CC=CC=C8)C9=CC=C(C=C9)S(=O)(=O)O", ["Fimaporfin is a synthetic light-activated compound  composed of three benzenesulfonic acid isomers: fimaporfin A (TPCS2a; tetraphenyl chlorin disulfonate), fimaporfin B, and fimaporfin C, with potential photosensitizing activity upon photodynamic therapy (PDT). Upon intradermal administration, fimaporfin is incorporated into the tumor cells' endosome and lysosome membranes. Subsequently, cytotoxic agents are administered and accumulate in the endosomal and lysosomal compartments; upon local activation by light, fimaporfin produces reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as singlet oxygen, damaging endo/lysosomal membranes and accumulated cytotoxic agents are released into the tumor cell cytosol. This photochemical internalization (PCI) method can enhance the efficacy and selectivity of cytotoxic agents."]], ["(S)-2-(2-(2-Methylindolin-1-yl)-2-oxoethyl)-6-morpholinopyrimidin-4(3H)-one", "C[C@H]1CC2=CC=CC=C2N1C(=O)CC3=NC(=CC(=O)N3)N4CCOCC4", ["PI3K-beta Inhibitor SAR260301 is an orally bioavailable inhibitor of the class I phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) beta isoform with potential antineoplastic activity. PI3K beta inhibitor SAR260301 selectively inhibits PI3K beta kinase activity in the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, which may result in apoptosis and growth inhibition in PI3K beta-expressing and/or phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN)-deficient tumor cells. Dysregulation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway is frequently found in solid tumors and contributes to increased tumor cell growth, tumor cell survival, and resistance to both chemotherapy and radiotherapy. PI3K beta is the p110-beta catalytic subunit of the class I PI3K. PTEN, a tumor suppressor protein and negative regulator of PI3K activity, is often mutated in a variety of cancer cells. By specifically targeting class I PI3K beta, this agent may be more efficacious and less toxic than pan-PI3K inhibitors."]], ["3-(3,5-Dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)-N-(4-phenoxybenzyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole-5-carboxamide", "C1=CC=C(C=C1)OC2=CC=C(C=C2)CNC(=O)C3=NC(=NO3)C4=CC(=C(C(=C4)Br)O)Br", ["Iowh032 has been investigated for the treatment of Cholera, Diarrhea, and Secretory Diarrhea."]], ["Ethanone, 1-(4-(4-chloro-3-methoxyphenyl)-1-piperazinyl)-2-(3-(1H-imidazol-2-yl)-1H-pyrazolo(3,4-b)pyridin-1-yl)-", "COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)N2CCN(CC2)C(=O)CN3C4=C(C=CC=N4)C(=N3)C5=NC=CN5)Cl", ["CCX354-C has been used in trials studying the treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis."]], ["Foliglurax", "C1COCCN1CCCC2=CC\\3=C(C=C2)OC(=C/C3=N\\O)C4=NC=C5C=CSC5=C4", ["Foliglurax is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02639221 (A Phase I, Double Blind, Placebo Controlled, First in Human, Single and Multiple Ascending Oral Dose, Safety, Tolerability and Pharmacokinetic Study in Healthy Male and Female Subjects)."]], ["Tin ethyl etiopurpurin", "CCC1=C(C2=CC3=C(C(=C([N-]3)C4=C5[C@]([C@@H](C(=N5)C=C6C(=C(C(=N6)C=C1[N-]2)C)CC)C)(C(=C4)C(=O)OCC)CC)C)CC)C.[Cl-].[Sn+4]", ["Tin Ethyl Etiopurpurin is a synthetic purpurin with photosensitizing activity.  Tin ethyl etiopurpurin preferentially accumulates in tumor cells due to an increased rate of metabolism. Upon exposure to a light source, this agent absorbs light, forming an extended high energy conformational state that produces high quantum yields of singlet oxygen with local cytotoxic effects. (NCI04)"]], ["PF-477736", "CN1C=C(C=N1)C2=C3C=NNC(=O)C4=C3C(=CC(=C4)NC(=O)[C@@H](C5CCCCC5)N)N2", ["PF-00477736 is a diazepinoindole that is 8-amino-4,5-dihydro-6H-[1,2]diazepino[4,5,6-cd]indol-6-one which is substituted at position 2 by a 1-methylpyrazol-4-yl group and in which the amino group at position 8 has undergone condensation with the carboxy group of (2R)-2-cyclohexylglycine to give the corresponding carboxamide. It is an inhibitor of checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk 1). It has a role as an EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor and an antineoplastic agent. It is an amino acid amide, a member of pyrazoles and a diazepinoindole.", "PF-00477736 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Neoplasms.", "CHK1 Inhibitor PF-477736 is a proprietary compound targeting cell cycle checkpoint kinase 1 (chk1) with potential chemopotentiation activity. Chk1 inhibitor PF-477736 inhibits chk1, an ATP-dependent serine-threonine kinase that is a key component in the DNA replication-monitoring S/G2 checkpoint system. By overriding the last checkpoint defense against DNA damaging agent-induced lethal damage, chk1 inhibitor PF-477736 may potentiate the antitumor efficacy of various chemotherapeutic agents against tumor cells with intrinsic checkpoint defects."]], ["Pamiparib", "C[C@]12CCCN1CC3=NNC(=O)C4=C5C3=C2NC5=CC(=C4)F", ["Pamiparib is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03933761 (Pamiparib in Fusion Positive, Reversion Negative High Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer or Carcinosarcoma With BRCA1/2 Gene Mutations If Progression on Substrate Poly ADP Ribose Polymerase Inhibitbor (PARPI) or Chemotherapy).", "Pamiparib is an orally bioavailable inhibitor of the nuclear enzyme poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, pamiparib selectively binds to PARP and prevents PARP-mediated repair of single-strand DNA breaks via the base-excision repair (BER) pathway. This enhances the accumulation of DNA strand breaks, promotes genomic instability, and eventually leads to apoptosis. PARP is activated by single-strand DNA breaks and, subsequently, catalyzes post-translational ADP-ribosylation of nuclear proteins which then transduce signals to recruit other proteins to repair damaged DNA. Pamiparib may both potentiate the cytotoxicity of DNA-damaging agents and reverse tumor cell chemo- and radioresistance."]], ["Copanlisib", "COC1=C(C=CC2=C3NCCN3C(=NC(=O)C4=CN=C(N=C4)N)N=C21)OCCCN5CCOCC5", ["Copanlisib is an imidazoquinazoline that is 2,3-dihydroimidazo[1,2-c]quinazoline substituted by (2-aminopyrimidine-5-carbonyl)amino, methoxy, and 3-(morpholin-4-yl)propoxy groups at positions 5, 7 and 8, respectively. It is a intravenous pan-class I PI3K inhibitor used for the treatment of relapsed follicular lymphoma in patients who have received at least 2 prior systemic therapies. It has a role as an EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor, an antineoplastic agent and an apoptosis inducer. It is a member of morpholines, an aromatic ether, a diether, a tertiary amino compound, a secondary carboxamide, a pyrimidinecarboxamide, an aminopyrimidine and an imidazoquinazoline.", "Copanlisib is a selective pan-Class I phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K/Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase/phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase) inhibitor that was first developed by Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals, Inc. The drug targets the enzyme that plays a role in regulating cell growth and survival. Copanlisib was granted accelerated approval on September 14, 2017 under the market name Aliqopa for the treatment of adult patients with relapsed follicular lymphoma and a treatment history of at least two prior systemic therapies. Follicular lymphoma is a slow-growing type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma that is caused by unregulated proliferation and growth of lymphocytes. The active ingredient in Aliquopa intravenous therapy is copanlisib dihydrochloride.", "Copanlisib is a Kinase Inhibitor. The mechanism of action of copanlisib is as a Kinase Inhibitor.", "Copanlisib is an intravenously administered phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase inhibitor that is used to treat relapsed and refractory follicular lymphoma. Copanlisib is associated with a high rate of minor serum enzyme elevations during therapy and has been reported to cause clinically apparent acute liver injury that can be severe and even fatal.", "Copanlisib is a phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor with potential antineoplastic activity. Copanlisib inhibits the activation of the PI3K signaling pathway, which may result in inhibition of tumor cell growth and survival in susceptible tumor cell populations. Activation of the PI3K signaling pathway is frequently associated with tumorigenesis and dysregulated PI3K signaling may contribute to tumor resistance to a variety of antineoplastic agents."]], ["Hetrombopag olamine", "CC1=C(C(=O)N(N1)C2=CC3=C(CCCC3)C=C2)N=NC4=CC=CC(=C4O)C5=CC=C(O5)C(=O)O.C(CO)N.C(CO)N", ["Hetrombopag Olamine is the orally active ethanolamine salt of hetrombopag, a small-molecule, nonpeptide thrombopoietin receptor (TPO-R or CD110) agonist, with megakaryopoiesis-stimulating activity. Upon oral administration, hetrombopag targets, binds to and stimulates the transmembrane domain of the platelet TPO-R, a member of the hematopoietin receptor superfamily. Activation of TPO-R leads to the proliferation and differentiation of cells in the megakaryocytic lineage and an increase in platelet production. This may prevent or treat chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia."]], ["Pafolacianine", "CC1(C2=C(C=CC(=C2)S(=O)(=O)[O-])[N+](=C1/C=C/C3=C(/C(=C/C=C/4\\C(C5=C(N4CCCCS(=O)(=O)O)C=CC(=C5)S(=O)(=O)O)(C)C)/CCC3)OC6=CC=C(C=C6)C[C@@H](C(=O)O)NC(=O)C7=CC=C(C=C7)NCC8=CN=C9C(=N8)C(=O)NC(=N9)N)CCCCS(=O)(=O)O)C", ["Pafolacianine, or OTL38, is a folate analogue conjugated with a fluorescent dye that absorbs light in the near-infrared (NIR) spectrum within a range of 760 nm to 785 nm, with a peak absorption of 776 nm. It emits fluorescence within a range of 790 nm to 815 nm with a peak emission of 796 nm. The longer wavelength allows for deeper penetration of the fluorescent light through tissues for better imaging and detection of tumours. Pafolacianine targets the folate receptor alpha (FR\u03b1) which is upregulated in numerous epithelial malignancies.  On November 29, 2021, the FDA approved pafolacianine as an adjunct imaging agent for intraoperative identification of malignant lesions in adult patients with ovarian cancer. It is currently under investigation for use in FR\u03b1-positive pituitary adenoma, lung cancer, and renal-cell carcinoma, which is thought to be the second-highest folate receptor-expressing cancer.", "Pafolacianine is a fluorescent imaging agent composed of a folate receptor-alpha (FRa)-targeting ligand conjugated to a fluorescent near infrared (NIR) dye, that can be used for imaging of FRa-expressing tumor cells. Upon administration, the FRa-targeting moiety of pafolacianine specifically binds to FRa expressed on tumor cells thus selectively delivering the fluorescent dye to FRa-expressing tumor cells. Upon NIR imaging, tumor cells fluoresce, which allows for the visualization and identification of FRa-overexpressing tumor cells. FRa, a high-affinity folate-binding protein and a member of the folate receptor family, is overexpressed in various cancer cell types."]], ["Deferitazole", "C[C@@]1(CSC(=N1)C2=C(C(=CC=C2)OCCOCCOCCOC)O)C(=O)O", ["Deferitazole has been used in trials studying the treatment and basic science of Beta-thalassemia, Hepatic Impairment, Impaired Renal Function, Transfusional Iron Overload, and Iron Overload Due to Repeated Red Blood Cell Transfusions."]], ["Dabigatran etexilate", "CCCCCCOC(=O)NC(=N)C1=CC=C(C=C1)NCC2=NC3=C(N2C)C=CC(=C3)C(=O)N(CCC(=O)OCC)C4=CC=CC=N4", ["Dabigatran etexilate is an oral prodrug that is hydrolyzed to the competitive and reversible direct thrombin inhibitor [dabigatran]. Dabigatran etexilate may be used to decrease the risk of venous thromboembolic events in patients in whom anticoagulation therapy is indicated. In contrast to warfarin, because its anticoagulant effects are predictable, lab monitoring is not necessary. Dabigatran etexilate was approved by the FDA in 2010.", "A THROMBIN inhibitor which acts by binding and blocking thrombogenic activity and the prevention of thrombus formation. It is used to reduce the risk of stroke and systemic EMBOLISM in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation."]], ["Adavivint", "CC(C)CC(=O)NC1=CN=CC(=C1)C2=CC3=C(C=C2)NN=C3C4=NC5=C(N4)C=NC=C5C6=CC(=CC=C6)F", ["Lorecivivint is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03246399 (A Study of the Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of SM04690 Injectable Suspension Following Single Intradiscal Injection in Subjects With Degenerative Disc Disease)."]], ["Zanubrutinib", "C=CC(=O)N1CCC(CC1)[C@@H]2CCNC3=C(C(=NN23)C4=CC=C(C=C4)OC5=CC=CC=C5)C(=O)N", ["Zanubrutinib is a novel Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor used for the treatment of adult patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) who have received at least one prior therapy. Mantle cell lymphoma is an aggressive mature B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma that is associated with early relapse, poor clinical outcomes, and long-term survival. BTK is an enzyme that plays a role in oncogenic signalling pathways, where it promotes the survival and proliferation of malignant B cells. Compared to the first-generation BTK inhibitor [ibrutinib], zanubrutinib displays higher potency and selectivity for BTK with fewer off-target effects. Due to this enhanced selectivity towards BTK, zanubrutinib belongs to the second-generation BTK inhibitor drug group that also includes [acalabrutinib], which was approved by the FDA in 2017.  Zanubrutinib was granted accelerated approval by the FDA in November 2019 based on clinical trial results that demonstrated an 84% overall response rate from zanubrutinib therapy in patients with MCL, which measures the proportion of patients in a trial whose tumour is entirely or partially destroyed by a drug. It is currently marketed under the trade name BRUKINSA\u2122 and is available as oral capsules. In August 2021, the FDA granted accelerated approval to zanubrutinib for the treatment of adults with Waldenstr\u00f6m\u2019s macroglobulinemia. This indication is valid in the US, Europe, and Canada. In September 2021, zanubrutinib was granted another accelerated approval for the treatment of relapsed or refractory marginal zone lymphoma who have received at least one anti-CD20-based regimen. In October 2022, the EMA's Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) recommended zanubrutinib be granted marketing authorization for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia.", "Zanubrutinib is a Kinase Inhibitor. The mechanism of action of zanubrutinib is as a Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor.", "Zanubrutinib is an oral inhibitor of Bruton\u2019s tyrosine kinase that is used in the therapy of refractory mantle cell lymphoma. Zanubrutinib has been associated with a low rate of serum enzyme elevations during therapy, but has not been linked to cases of clinically apparent acute liver injury although it may pose a risk for reactivation of hepatitis B in susceptible patients.", "Zanubrutinib is an inhibitor of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, zanubrutinib inhibits the activity of BTK and prevents the activation of the B-cell antigen receptor (BCR) signaling pathway. This prevents both B-cell activation and BTK-mediated activation of downstream survival pathways, which leads to the inhibition of the growth of malignant B-cells that overexpress BTK. BTK, a member of the Src-related BTK/Tec family of cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases, is overexpressed in B-cell malignancies; it plays an important role in B-lymphocyte development, activation, signaling, proliferation and survival."]], ["Repotrectinib", "C[C@H]1CNC(=O)C2=C3N=C(C=CN3N=C2)N[C@@H](C4=C(O1)C=CC(=C4)F)C", ["Repotrectinib is an orally available inhibitor of multiple kinases, including the receptor tyrosine kinase anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), c-ros oncogene 1 (ROS1), the neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase (NTRK) types 1, 2 and 3, the proto-oncogene SRC, and focal adhesion kinase (FAK), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, repotrectinib binds to and inhibits wild-type, point mutants and fusion proteins of ALK, ROS1, NTRK1-3, SRC, FAK and, to a lesser extent, other kinases. Inhibition of these kinases leads to the disruption of downstream signaling pathways and the inhibition of cell growth of tumors in which these kinases are overexpressed, rearranged or mutated."]], ["Setrobuvir", "CS(=O)(=O)NC1=CC2=C(C=C1)NC(=NS2(=O)=O)C3=C([C@@H]4[C@H]5CC[C@H](C5)[C@@H]4N(C3=O)CC6=CC=C(C=C6)F)O", ["Setrobuvir has been used in trials studying the treatment of Hepatitis C, Chronic."]], ["Defibrotide", "CC(C)C1=C(C=C(C(=C1)C2=NNC(=O)N2C3=CC4=C(C=C3)N(C=C4)C)O)OP(=O)(O)O", ["Defibrotide is the sodium salt of a mixture of single-stranded oligodeoxyribonucleotides derived from porcine mucosal DNA. It has been shown to have antithrombotic, anti-inflammatory and anti-ischemic properties (but without associated significant systemic anticoagulant effects). It is marketed under the brand names Dasovas (FM), Noravid, and Prociclide in a variety of countries. In the USA it is was approved in March, 2016 as Defitelio.", "Defibrotide is a complex mixture of single stranded polydeoxyribonucleotides derived from porcine intestinal mucosa that has antithrombotic and profibrinolytic activity and is used in the treatment of severe sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS) after hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Defibrotide is used in patients with severe liver injury and has not been associated with worsening of serum aminotransferase elevations during therapy and has not been linked to cases of clinically apparent, idiosyncratic liver injury.", "Defibrotide Sodium is a polydeoxyribonucleotide with antithrombotic, thrombolytic, and fibrinolytic properties.  Defibrotide induces the release of prostaglandin 12 and reduces the expression of adhesion molecules on endothelial cells, thereby interfering with platelet and leukocyte adhesion to the endothelium. (NCI04)", "Defibrotide is a mixture of single-stranded oligodeoxyribonucleotides derived from the intestinal mucosa of pigs, with anti-thrombotic, thrombolytic, and fibrinolytic activities. Upon administration, and although the exact mechanism of action has yet to be fully elucidated, defibrotide induces the release of prostaglandin I2 (PGI2), E2 (PGE2), and prostacyclin and reduces the expression of adhesion molecules on endothelial cells. This relaxes the smooth muscle of blood vessels and prevents platelets from adhering to each other and to the endothelium. This protects the endothelium lining bloods vessels. Defibrotide increases tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) and decreases plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 activity. This increases the activity of plasmin, prevents blood clot formation and dissolves blood clots."]], ["3H-Pyridazino[3,4,5-de]quinazolin-3-one, 8-[(1,3-dihydro-2H-isoindol-2-yl)methyl]-1,2-dihydro-", "C1C2=CC=CC=C2CN1CC3=NC4=NNC(=O)C5=C4C(=CC=C5)N3", ["2X-121 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03562832 (Investigation of Anti-tumour Effect and Tolerability of the PARP Inhibitor 2X-121 in Patients With Metastatic Breast Cancer Selected by the 2X-121 DRP).", "PARP/Tankyrase Inhibitor 2X-121  is an orally available small molecule inhibitor of the nuclear enzymes poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) 1 and 2, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, E7449 selectively binds to PARP 1 and 2, thereby preventing the repair of damaged DNA via the base excision repair (BER) pathway. This agent enhances the accumulation of single and double strand DNA breaks and promotes genomic instability eventually leading to apoptosis. PARP 1/2 inhibitor E7449 may enhance the cytotoxicity of DNA-damaging agents and of radiotherapy. PARP catalyzes post-translational ADP-ribosylation of nuclear proteins that signal and recruit other proteins to repair damaged DNA."]], ["Aloprim", "C1=N[N-]C2=C1C(=O)NC=N2.[Na+]", ["Allopurinol Sodium is the sodium form of allopurinol, which is a structural isomer of hypoxanthine. Allopurinol inhibits xanthine oxidase, an enzyme that converts oxypurines to uric acid. By blocking the production of uric acid, this agent decreases serum and urine concentrations of uric acid, thereby providing protection against uric acid-mediated end organ damage in conditions associated with excessive production of uric acid, i.e. the massive cell lysis associated with the treatment of some malignancies. (NCI04)"]], ["2-Hydroxystilbamidine diisethionate", "C1=CC(=CC=C1/C=C/C2=C(C=C(C=C2)C(=N)N)O)C(=N)N.C(CS(=O)(=O)O)O.C(CS(=O)(=O)O)O", ["Hydroxystilbamidine Isethionate is the isethionate salt form of hydroxystilbamidine, a cationic dye with antifungal, antitrypanosomal, antimalarial, and carcinostatic activities. Hydroxystilbamidine is able to bind to DNA and RNA in a non-intercalating manner, and is a powerful inhibitor of ribonucleases, thereby impeding cellular processes in protozoa. This agent was also shown to bind to lysosomes and induced a large number of lysosome-like bodies and secretion granules in trypanosome."]], ["Sodium folinate", "C1C(N(C2=C(N1)N=C(NC2=O)N)C=O)CNC3=CC=C(C=C3)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)[O-].[Na+]", ["Sodium folinate is an organic molecular entity."]], ["Pteroyl-D-glutamic acid", "C1C(N(C2=C(N1)N=C(NC2=O)N)C=O)CNC3=CC=C(C=C3)C(=O)N[C@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)O", ["Pteroyl-D-glutamic acid is a glutamic acid derivative."]], ["Unii-xnm7LT65NP", "C[C@H]1[C@@H](C(=O)N1S(=O)(=O)[O-])NC(=O)/C(=N\\OC(C)(C)C(=O)O)/C2=CSC(=[NH+]2)N.C(CCN)C[C@@H](C(=O)O)N", ["Aztreonam Lysine is a formulation of the synthetic monobactam antibiotic, aztreonam and lysine used in an inhaled form for the treatment of chronic airway infections by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in patients with cystic fibrosis."]], ["5-Formyltetrahydrofolate(2-)", "C1C(N(C2=C(N1)N=C(NC2=O)N)C=O)CNC3=CC=C(C=C3)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)[O-])C(=O)[O-]", ["5-formyltetrahydrofolate(2-) is a dicarboxylic acid dianion obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy groups of 5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid. It is a conjugate base of a 5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid."]], ["[(7S,9E,11S,12R,13S,14R,15R,16R,17S,18S,19E,21E)-2,15,17,27,29-pentahydroxy-11-methoxy-3,7,12,14,16,18,22-heptamethyl-26-[(E)-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)iminomethyl]-6,23-dioxo-8,30-dioxa-24-azatetracyclo[23.3.1.14,7.05,28]triaconta-1(29),2,4,9,19,21,25,27-octaen-13-yl] acetate", "C[C@H]1/C=C/C=C(/C(=O)NC2=C(C(=C3C(=C2O)C(=C(C4=C3C(=O)[C@](O4)(O/C=C/[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]1O)C)O)C)OC(=O)C)C)OC)C)C)O)O)/C=N/N5CCN(CC5)C)\\C", ["Rifampin is an antibacterial prescription medicine approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Rifampin is also FDA-approved to treat people who carry Neisseria meningitidis bacteria but have no symptoms of disease. Treatment with rifampin eliminates the bacteria from their noses and throats. This use of rifampin can prevent the spread of meningitis and other meningococcal diseases caused by Neisseria meningitidis bacteria.", "Rifampin (also referred to as rifampicin) is a macrocyclic antibiotic with major activity against mycobacteria, commonly used in combination with other agents as therapy of tuberculosis. Rifampin is associated with transient and asymptomatic elevations in serum aminotransferase and bilirubin levels and is a well known cause of clinically apparent, acute liver disease that can be severe and even fatal.", "Rifampin is a semisynthetic derivative of rifamycin with broad antibacterial activity. Rifampin inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase in susceptible bacteria and is often used in combination with other antibiotics for various infections including tuberculosis.", "A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160)"]], ["CID 135883785", "C1C(N(C2=C(N1)N=C(NC2=O)N)C=O)CNC3=CC=C(C=C3)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)[O-])C(=O)[O-].[Ca+2]", ["The active metabolite of FOLIC ACID. Leucovorin is used principally as an antidote to FOLIC ACID ANTAGONISTS."]], ["Pimaricin, streptomyces chattanoogensis", "C[C@@H]1C/C=C\\C=C\\C=C\\C=C\\[C@@H](CC2[C@@H]([C@H](C[C@](O2)(C[C@H](C[C@H]3[C@H](O3)/C=C\\C(=O)O1)O)O)O)C(=O)O)OC4[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O4)C)O)N)O", ["Pimaricin, streptomyces chattanoogensis is a natural product found in Streptomyces gilvosporeus, Streptomyces chattanoogensis, and Streptomyces natalensis with data available.", "Natamycin is a polyene amphoteric macrolide antibiotic with antifungal properties. Natamycin exerts its antifungal effects by binding to sterols in the fungal cell membrane thereby increasing membrane permeability. This leads to a leakage and loss of essential cellular constituents. Following ocular application, natamycin is retained in the conjunctival fornices and attains effective concentrations within the corneal stroma where it exerts its effect.", "Amphoteric macrolide antifungal antibiotic from Streptomyces natalensis or S. chattanoogensis. It is used for a variety of fungal infections, mainly topically."]], ["Sdz-htf 919", "[H+].[H+].CCCCCN=C(N)N/N=C/C1=CNC2=C1C=C(C=C2)OC.C(=C\\C(=O)[O-])\\C(=O)[O-]", ["Tegaserod maleate is a maleate salt. It has a role as a serotonergic agonist. It contains a tegaserod."]], ["[(7S,9E,11S,12R,13S,14R,15R,16R,17S,18S,19E,21Z)-2,15,17,27,29-pentahydroxy-11-methoxy-3,7,12,14,16,18,22-heptamethyl-26-[(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)iminomethyl]-6,23-dioxo-8,30-dioxa-24-azatetracyclo[23.3.1.14,7.05,28]triaconta-1(29),2,4,9,19,21,25,27-octaen-13-yl] acetate", "C[C@H]1/C=C/C=C(\\C(=O)NC2=C(C(=C3C(=C2O)C(=C(C4=C3C(=O)[C@](O4)(O/C=C/[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]1O)C)O)C)OC(=O)C)C)OC)C)C)O)O)C=NN5CCN(CC5)C)/C", ["Rifampin is an antibacterial prescription medicine approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Rifampin is also FDA-approved to treat people who carry Neisseria meningitidis bacteria but have no symptoms of disease. Treatment with rifampin eliminates the bacteria from their noses and throats. This use of rifampin can prevent the spread of meningitis and other meningococcal diseases caused by Neisseria meningitidis bacteria.", "Rifampin (also referred to as rifampicin) is a macrocyclic antibiotic with major activity against mycobacteria, commonly used in combination with other agents as therapy of tuberculosis. Rifampin is associated with transient and asymptomatic elevations in serum aminotransferase and bilirubin levels and is a well known cause of clinically apparent, acute liver disease that can be severe and even fatal.", "Rifampin is a semisynthetic derivative of rifamycin with broad antibacterial activity. Rifampin inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase in susceptible bacteria and is often used in combination with other antibiotics for various infections including tuberculosis.", "A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160)"]], ["Sodium;5-amino-3-[[4-[4-[(8-amino-1-hydroxy-3,6-disulfonatonaphthalen-2-yl)diazenyl]-3-methylphenyl]-2-methylphenyl]diazenyl]-4-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulfonate", "CC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C2=CC(=C(C=C2)N=NC3=C(C4=C(C=C(C=C4C=C3S(=O)(=O)[O-])S(=O)(=O)[O-])N)O)C)N=NC5=C(C6=C(C=C(C=C6C=C5S(=O)(=O)[O-])S(=O)(=O)[O-])N)O.[Na+]", ["Trypan blue is a bluish-gray to dark blue powder. (NTP, 1992)", "Trypan Blue is an acid azo dye commonly used as a stain to distinguish viable from non-viable cells. It turns dead cells blue and viable cells unstained. It is a known animal carcinogen and an experimental teratogen.", "A diazo-naphthalene sulfonate that is widely used as a stain."]], ["(6R,7R)-7-[[(2E)-2-(5-amino-1,2,4-thiadiazol-3-yl)-2-hydroxyiminoacetyl]amino]-3-[(Z)-[1-[(3R)-1-[(5-methyl-2-oxo-1,3-dioxol-4-yl)methoxycarbonyl]pyrrolidin-3-yl]-2-oxopyrrolidin-3-ylidene]methyl]-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid", "CC1=C(OC(=O)O1)COC(=O)N2CC[C@H](C2)N3CC/C(=C/C4=C(N5[C@@H]([C@@H](C5=O)NC(=O)/C(=N/O)/C6=NSC(=N6)N)SC4)C(=O)O)/C3=O", ["Ceftobiprole Medocaril is a water-soluble prodrug of ceftobiprole, a pyrrolidinone cephalosporin antibiotic, with bactericidal activity. Ceftobiprole binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), enzymes involved in the terminal stages of bacterial cell wall assembly and cell wall reshaping during bacterial growth and division. This agent exhibits a broad spectrum of activity against gram-negative and gram-positive pathogens including methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus (VISA) and vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (VRSA). Ceftobiprole is refractory to hydrolysis by class A and class C lactamases."]], ["Unii-59784ZX4GD", "CC1=C(C=CC=N1)C(=O)N=C2N=C3C(=C4N2CCN4)C=CC(=C3OC)OC[C@@H](CN5CCOCC5)O", ["PI3K Alpha/Beta Inhibitor BAY1082439 is an orally bioavailable inhibitor of the class I phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) alpha and beta isoforms with potential antineoplastic activity. PI3K alpha/beta inhibitor BAY1082439 selectively inhibits both PI3K alpha, including mutated forms of PIK3CA, and PI3K beta in the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, which may result in tumor cell apoptosis and growth inhibition in PI3K-expressing and/or PTEN-driven tumor cells. By specifically targeting class I PI3K alpha and beta, this agent may be more efficacious and less toxic than pan PI3K inhibitors. Dysregulation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway is frequently found in solid tumors and results in increased tumor cell growth, survival, and resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. PIK3CA, one of the most highly mutated oncogenes, encodes the p110-alpha catalytic subunit of the class I PI3K. PTEN, a tumor suppressor protein and negative regulator of PI3K activity, is often mutated in a variety of cancer cells."]], ["K1WT1A1UP5", "C1=CC(=C(C(=C1/C=C/C(=S)NCC2=CC(=C(C(=C2)O)O)O)Br)O)O", ["IRS1/IRS2/STAT3 Inhibitor NT219 is an inhibitor of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) and 2 (IRS2), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, the IRS1/IRS2/STAT3 inhibitor NT219 specifically targets and binds to IRS1/2 and STAT3. Inhibiting IRS1/2 prevents IRS1/2-mediated signaling pathways and other tumor survival pathways. Inhibiting STAT3 prevents nuclear translocation of STAT3 and the STAT3-mediated regulation of oncogenes expression. This causes tumor cell apoptosis and inhibits tumor cell proliferation. IRS1/2 and STAT3, oncogenic drivers that are upregulated in a variety of human cancers, play key roles in uncontrolled tumor cell proliferation and tumor resistance."]], ["Pharmakon1600-01500529", "C[C@@H]1[C@H](/C=C/O[C@@]2(C(=O)C3=C(O2)C(=C(C4=C(C(=C(C(=C43)O)/C=N/N5CCN(CC5)C)NC(=O)/C(=C\\C=C\\C([C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@H]1OC(=O)C)C)O)C)O)C)/C)O)O)C)C)OC", ["Rifampin is an antibacterial prescription medicine approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Rifampin is also FDA-approved to treat people who carry Neisseria meningitidis bacteria but have no symptoms of disease. Treatment with rifampin eliminates the bacteria from their noses and throats. This use of rifampin can prevent the spread of meningitis and other meningococcal diseases caused by Neisseria meningitidis bacteria.", "Rifampin (also referred to as rifampicin) is a macrocyclic antibiotic with major activity against mycobacteria, commonly used in combination with other agents as therapy of tuberculosis. Rifampin is associated with transient and asymptomatic elevations in serum aminotransferase and bilirubin levels and is a well known cause of clinically apparent, acute liver disease that can be severe and even fatal.", "Rifampin is a semisynthetic derivative of rifamycin with broad antibacterial activity. Rifampin inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase in susceptible bacteria and is often used in combination with other antibiotics for various infections including tuberculosis.", "A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160)"]], ["[(7S,9E,11S,12R,13S,14R,15R,16R,17S,18S,19E,21E)-2,15,17,27,29-pentahydroxy-11-methoxy-3,7,12,14,16,18,22-heptamethyl-26-[(Z)-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)iminomethyl]-6,23-dioxo-8,30-dioxa-24-azatetracyclo[23.3.1.14,7.05,28]triaconta-1(29),2,4,9,19,21,25,27-octaen-13-yl] acetate", "C[C@H]1/C=C/C=C(/C(=O)NC2=C(C(=C3C(=C2O)C(=C(C4=C3C(=O)[C@](O4)(O/C=C/[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]1O)C)O)C)OC(=O)C)C)OC)C)C)O)O)/C=N\\N5CCN(CC5)C)\\C", ["Rifampin is an antibacterial prescription medicine approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Rifampin is also FDA-approved to treat people who carry Neisseria meningitidis bacteria but have no symptoms of disease. Treatment with rifampin eliminates the bacteria from their noses and throats. This use of rifampin can prevent the spread of meningitis and other meningococcal diseases caused by Neisseria meningitidis bacteria.", "Rifampin (also referred to as rifampicin) is a macrocyclic antibiotic with major activity against mycobacteria, commonly used in combination with other agents as therapy of tuberculosis. Rifampin is associated with transient and asymptomatic elevations in serum aminotransferase and bilirubin levels and is a well known cause of clinically apparent, acute liver disease that can be severe and even fatal.", "Rifampin is a semisynthetic derivative of rifamycin with broad antibacterial activity. Rifampin inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase in susceptible bacteria and is often used in combination with other antibiotics for various infections including tuberculosis.", "A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160)"]], ["8-(n-(4-Methyl-1-piperazinyl)formidoyl)-rifomycins", "C[C@H]1/C=C\\C=C(/C(=O)NC2=C(C(=C3C(=C2O)C(=C(C4=C3C(=O)[C@](O4)(O/C=C\\[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]1O)C)O)C)OC(=O)C)C)OC)C)C)O)O)/C=N/N5CCN(CC5)C)\\C", ["A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160)"]], ["[(7S,9Z,11S,12R,13S,14R,15R,16R,17S,18S,19E,21E)-2,15,17,32-tetrahydroxy-11-methoxy-3,7,12,14,16,18,22-heptamethyl-1'-(2-methylpropyl)-6,23-dioxospiro[8,33-dioxa-24,27,29-triazapentacyclo[23.6.1.14,7.05,31.026,30]tritriaconta-1(32),2,4,9,19,21,24,26,30-nonaene-28,4'-piperidine]-13-yl] acetate", "C[C@H]1/C=C/C=C(/C(=O)N=C2C(=C3C(=C4C2=NC5(N4)CCN(CC5)CC(C)C)C6=C(C(=C3O)C)O[C@@](C6=O)(O/C=C\\[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]1O)C)O)C)OC(=O)C)C)OC)C)O)\\C", ["A broad-spectrum antibiotic that is being used as prophylaxis against disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex infection in HIV-positive patients."]], ["[(7S,9E,11S,12R,13R,14R,15R,16R,17S,18S,19E,21E)-2,15,17,27,29-pentahydroxy-11-methoxy-3,7,12,14,16,18,22-heptamethyl-26-[(E)-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)iminomethyl]-6,23-dioxo-8,30-dioxa-24-azatetracyclo[23.3.1.14,7.05,28]triaconta-1(29),2,4,9,19,21,25,27-octaen-13-yl] acetate", "C[C@H]1/C=C/C=C(/C(=O)NC2=C(C(=C3C(=C2O)C(=C(C4=C3C(=O)[C@](O4)(O/C=C/[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H]([C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]1O)C)O)C)OC(=O)C)C)OC)C)C)O)O)/C=N/N5CCN(CC5)C)\\C", ["A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160)"]], ["[(9Z,19Z,21Z)-2,15,17,27,29-pentahydroxy-11-methoxy-3,7,12,14,16,18,22-heptamethyl-26-[(E)-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)iminomethyl]-6,23-dioxo-8,30-dioxa-24-azatetracyclo[23.3.1.14,7.05,28]triaconta-1(29),2,4,9,19,21,25,27-octaen-13-yl] acetate", "CC1/C=C\\C=C(/C(=O)NC2=C(C(=C3C(=C2O)C(=C(C4=C3C(=O)C(O4)(O/C=C\\C(C(C(C(C(C(C1O)C)O)C)OC(=O)C)C)OC)C)C)O)O)/C=N/N5CCN(CC5)C)\\C", ["A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160)"]], ["Ansatipine", "C[C@H]1/C=C/C=C(/C(=O)N=C2C(=C3C(=C4C2=NC5(N4)CCN(CC5)CC(C)C)C6=C(C(=C3O)C)O[C@@](C6=O)(O/C=C/[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]1O)C)O)C)OC(=O)C)C)OC)C)O)\\C", ["A broad-spectrum antibiotic that is being used as prophylaxis against disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex infection in HIV-positive patients."]], ["Ibezapolstat", "C1COCCN1CCN2C=NC3=C2C(=O)NC(=N3)NCC4=CC(=C(C=C4)Cl)Cl", ["Ibezapolstat is under investigation in clinical trial NCT04247542 (ACX-362E [Ibezapolstat] for Oral Treatment of Clostridioides Difficile Infection)."]], ["Unii-7kyp9tkt70", "C1=CN(C(=O)N=C1N)C2C(C(C(O2)COP(=O)(O)O)O)O.C1=NC2=C(C(=O)N1)N=CN2C3C(C(C(O3)COP(=O)(O)O)O)O.C(CCNC(=O)O)CN.C(C(=O)O)O", ["Poly ICLC is a synthetic complex of carboxymethylcellulose, polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid, and poly-L-lysine double-stranded RNA. Poly ICLC may stimulate the release of cytotoxic cytokines and, by inducing interferon-gamma production, may increase the tumoricidal activities of various immunohematopoietic cells. (NCI04)"]], ["Balsalazidedisodium", "C1=CC(=CC=C1C(=O)NCCC(=O)O)N=NC2=CC(=C(C=C2)O)C(=O)O.[Na+]", ["Balsalazide Disodium is the disodium salt form of balsalazide, an aminosalicylate and oral prodrug that is enzymatically cleaved in the colon to produce the anti-inflammatory agent mesalazine. Mesalazine acts locally on the mucosa of the colon where it diminishes inflammation by blocking the production of arachidonic acid metabolites, including leukotrienes, prostaglandins and hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids, and other inflammatory agents. Balsalazide disodium is used to treat chronic inflammatory bowel disease."]], ["Pemetrexed (disodium)", "C1=CC(=CC=C1CCC2=CNC3=C2C(=O)NC(=N3)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)[O-])C(=O)[O-].[Na+].[Na+]", ["A guanine-derived ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT that functions as a NUCLEIC ACID SYNTHESIS INHIBITOR through its binding to, and inhibition of, THYMIDYLATE SYNTHASE."]], ["[(2S)-2-amino-2-carboxyethyl]-hydroxyimino-oxidoazanium", "C([C@@H](C(=O)O)N)[N+](=NO)[O-]", ["[(2S)-2-amino-2-carboxyethyl]-hydroxyimino-oxidoazanium is a natural product found in Streptomyces alanosinicus with data available.", "Alanosine is an amino acid analogue and antibiotic derived from the bacterium Streptomyces alanosinicus with antimetabolite and potential antineoplastic activities. L-alanosine inhibits adenylosuccinate synthetase, which converts inosine monophospate (IMP) into adenylosuccinate, an intermediate in purine metabolism. L-alanosine-induced disruption of de novo purine biosynthesis is potentiated by methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP) deficiency. The clinical use of this agent may be limited by its toxicity profile. MTAP is a key enzyme in the adenine and methionine salvage pathways."]], ["Dtxcid301244", "C[C@H]1/C=C\\C=C(/C(=O)NC2=C(C(=C3C(=C2O)C(=C(C4=C3C(=O)[C@](O4)(OC=C[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]1O)C)O)C)OC(=O)C)C)OC)C)C)O)O)/C=N/N5CCN(CC5)C)\\C", ["A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160)"]], ["2-Amino-6-[(1S,2R)-1,2-dihydroxypropyl]-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteridine-4(1H)-one", "C[C@H]([C@H](C1CNC2=C(N1)C(=O)NC(=N2)N)O)O", ["Tetrahydrobiopterin is a cofactor that is essential for the activity of aromatic amino acid hydroxylases. Tetrahydrobiopterin degrades phenylalanine, and facilitates the biosynthesis of several neurotransmitters and the production of nitric oxide."]], ["Leucovorin sodium", "C1C(N(C2=C(N1)N=C(NC2=O)N)C=O)CNC3=CC=C(C=C3)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)[O-])C(=O)[O-].[Na+].[Na+]", ["Leucovorin Sodium is the sodium salt of leucovorin, an active metabolite of folic acid, used as an antidote to folic acid antagonists. Leucovorin does not require metabolism by dihydrofolate reductase, the molecular target of folate antagonists and counteracts the toxic effects of these drugs. This agent also potentiates the effects of fluorouracil and its derivatives by stabilizing the binding of the drug's metabolite to its target enzyme, thus prolonging drug activity. In comparison with the calcium salt, sodium salt does not form precipitate when mixed other folate antagonists."]], ["Rifampin;Rifamycin AMP", "CC1C=CC=C(C(=O)NC2=C(C(=C3C(=C2O)C(=C(C4=C3C(=O)[C@](O4)(OC=CC(C(C(C(C(C(C1O)C)O)C)OC(=O)C)C)OC)C)C)O)O)C=NN5CCN(CC5)C)C", ["A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160)"]], ["disodium;(4S)-4-[[4-[2-(2-amino-4-oxo-3,7-dihydropyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)ethyl]benzoyl]amino]-5-hydroxy-5-oxopentanoate", "C1=CC(=CC=C1CCC2=CNC3=C2C(=O)NC(=N3)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)[O-])C(=O)O.[Na+].[Na+]", ["Pemetrexed Disodium is the disodium salt of a synthetic pyrimidine-based antifolate. Pemetrexed binds to and inhibits the enzyme thymidylate synthase (TS) which catalyses the methylation of 2'-deoxyuridine-5'-monophosphate (dUMP) to 2'-deoxythymidine-5'-monophosphate (dTMP), an essential precursor in DNA synthesis.", "A guanine-derived ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT that functions as a NUCLEIC ACID SYNTHESIS INHIBITOR through its binding to, and inhibition of, THYMIDYLATE SYNTHASE."]], ["[(7S,9Z,11S,12R,13S,14R,15R,16R,17S,18S,19Z,21Z)-2,15,17,27,29-pentahydroxy-11-methoxy-3,7,12,14,16,18,22-heptamethyl-26-[(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)iminomethyl]-6,23-dioxo-8,30-dioxa-24-azatetracyclo[23.3.1.14,7.05,28]triaconta-1(29),2,4,9,19,21,25,27-octaen-13-yl] acetate", "C[C@H]1/C=C\\C=C(/C(=O)NC2=C(C(=C3C(=C2O)C(=C(C4=C3C(=O)[C@](O4)(O/C=C\\[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]1O)C)O)C)OC(=O)C)C)OC)C)C)O)O)C=NN5CCN(CC5)C)\\C", ["Rifampin is an antibacterial prescription medicine approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Rifampin is also FDA-approved to treat people who carry Neisseria meningitidis bacteria but have no symptoms of disease. Treatment with rifampin eliminates the bacteria from their noses and throats. This use of rifampin can prevent the spread of meningitis and other meningococcal diseases caused by Neisseria meningitidis bacteria.", "Rifampin (also referred to as rifampicin) is a macrocyclic antibiotic with major activity against mycobacteria, commonly used in combination with other agents as therapy of tuberculosis. Rifampin is associated with transient and asymptomatic elevations in serum aminotransferase and bilirubin levels and is a well known cause of clinically apparent, acute liver disease that can be severe and even fatal.", "Rifampin is a semisynthetic derivative of rifamycin with broad antibacterial activity. Rifampin inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase in susceptible bacteria and is often used in combination with other antibiotics for various infections including tuberculosis.", "A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160)"]], ["[(9Z,19Z)-2,15,17,27,29-pentahydroxy-11-methoxy-3,7,12,14,16,18,22-heptamethyl-26-[(E)-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)iminomethyl]-6,23-dioxo-8,30-dioxa-24-azatetracyclo[23.3.1.14,7.05,28]triaconta-1(29),2,4,9,19,21,25,27-octaen-13-yl] acetate", "CC1/C=C\\C=C(C(=O)NC2=C(C(=C3C(=C2O)C(=C(C4=C3C(=O)C(O4)(O/C=C\\C(C(C(C(C(C(C1O)C)O)C)OC(=O)C)C)OC)C)C)O)O)/C=N/N5CCN(CC5)C)C", ["A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160)"]], ["7-[[(2E)-2-(5-amino-1,2,4-thiadiazol-3-yl)-2-hydroxyiminoacetyl]amino]-3-[(E)-[1-[1-[(5-methyl-2-oxo-1,3-dioxol-4-yl)methoxycarbonyl]pyrrolidin-3-yl]-2-oxopyrrolidin-3-ylidene]methyl]-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid", "CC1=C(OC(=O)O1)COC(=O)N2CCC(C2)N3CC/C(=C\\C4=C(N5C(C(C5=O)NC(=O)/C(=N/O)/C6=NSC(=N6)N)SC4)C(=O)O)/C3=O", ["Ceftobiprole Medocaril is a water-soluble prodrug of ceftobiprole, a pyrrolidinone cephalosporin antibiotic, with bactericidal activity. Ceftobiprole binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), enzymes involved in the terminal stages of bacterial cell wall assembly and cell wall reshaping during bacterial growth and division. This agent exhibits a broad spectrum of activity against gram-negative and gram-positive pathogens including methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus (VISA) and vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (VRSA). Ceftobiprole is refractory to hydrolysis by class A and class C lactamases."]], ["1-[[5-(4-Nitrophenyl)furfurylidene]amino]-2-(sodiooxy)-2-imidazoline-4-one", "C1C(=O)NC(=O)N1/N=C\\C2=CC=C(O2)C3=CC=C(C=C3)[N+](=O)[O-].[Na+]", ["Dantrolene Sodium is the sodium salt form of dantrolene, a hydantoin derivative and direct-acting skeletal muscle relaxant. Dantrolene depresses excitation-contraction coupling in skeletal muscle by binding to the ryanodine receptor 1, and decreasing intracellular calcium concentration. Ryanodine receptors mediate the release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, an essential step in muscle contraction.", "Skeletal muscle relaxant that acts by interfering with excitation-contraction coupling in the muscle fiber. It is used in spasticity and other neuromuscular abnormalities. Although the mechanism of action is probably not central, dantrolene is usually grouped with the central muscle relaxants."]], ["[(7S,9Z,11S,12R,13S,14R,15R,16R,17S,18S,19Z,21Z)-2,15,17,27,29-pentahydroxy-11-methoxy-3,7,12,14,16,18,22-heptamethyl-26-[(Z)-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)iminomethyl]-6,23-dioxo-8,30-dioxa-24-azatetracyclo[23.3.1.14,7.05,28]triaconta-1(29),2,4,9,19,21,25,27-octaen-13-yl] acetate", "C[C@H]1/C=C\\C=C(/C(=O)NC2=C(C(=C3C(=C2O)C(=C(C4=C3C(=O)[C@](O4)(O/C=C\\[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]1O)C)O)C)OC(=O)C)C)OC)C)C)O)O)/C=N\\N5CCN(CC5)C)\\C", ["A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160)"]], ["Ulevostinag", "C1[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](O2)N3C=NC4=C(N=CN=C43)N)F)OP(=O)(OC[C@@H]5[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O5)N6C=NC7=C6N=C(NC7=O)N)OP(=S)(O1)O)F)S", ["Ulevostinag is a synthetic cyclic dinucleotide (CDN) and agonist of stimulator of interferon genes protein (STING), with potential immunoactivating and antineoplastic activities. Upon intratumoral (IT) administration,ulevostinag binds to STING and activates the STING pathway, which promotes IKK-related kinase TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) signaling and activates nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB) and interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) in immune cells in the tumor microenvironment; this leads to the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interferons (IFNs). Specifically, expression of IFN-beta (IFNb) enhances the cross-presentation of tumor-associated antigens by CD8alpha-positive and CD103-positive dendritic cells (DCs) to cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLs). This results in a CTL-mediated immune response against tumor cells and causes tumor cell lysis."]], ["Avotaciclib", "C1=CC(=NC(=C1O)C2=NC(=NC=C2)N)C3=NC(=NC=C3)N", ["Avotaciclib is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03579836 (Evaluation of Safety and Efficacy in BEY1107 in Monotherapy Gemcitabine Combination in Patient With Pancreatic Cancer).", "Avotaciclib is an orally bioavailable, cyclin dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) inhibitor, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, avotaciclib targets, binds to and inhibits the activity of CDK1. This may inhibit cancer stem cell (CSC) division, cause cell cycle arrest, and induce apoptosis. This may inhibit tumor cell proliferation. CDK1, an ATP-dependent serine/threonine kinase, plays a key role in regulating cell division, cell cycle progression and proliferation. It is frequently overexpressed in tumor cells."]], ["4-acetamidobenzoic acid;9-[(2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]-1H-purin-6-one;(2R)-1-(dimethylamino)propan-2-ol", "C[C@H](CN(C)C)O.C[C@H](CN(C)C)O.C[C@H](CN(C)C)O.CC(=O)NC1=CC=C(C=C1)C(=O)O.CC(=O)NC1=CC=C(C=C1)C(=O)O.CC(=O)NC1=CC=C(C=C1)C(=O)O.C1=NC2=C(C(=O)N1)N=CN2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O3)CO)O)O", ["Inosine pranobex (Isoprinosine or Methisoprinol) is a combination of inosine, acetamidobenzoic acid, and dimethylaminoisopropanol used as an antiviral drug."]], ["[(7S,9E,11S,12R,13S,14R,15R,16R,17S,18S,19E)-2,15,17,27,29-pentahydroxy-11-methoxy-3,7,12,14,16,18,22-heptamethyl-26-[(E)-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)iminomethyl]-6,23-dioxo-8,30-dioxa-24-azatetracyclo[23.3.1.14,7.05,28]triaconta-1(29),2,4,9,19,21,25,27-octaen-13-yl] acetate", "C[C@H]1/C=C/C=C(C(=O)NC2=C(C(=C3C(=C2O)C(=C(C4=C3C(=O)[C@](O4)(O/C=C/[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]1O)C)O)C)OC(=O)C)C)OC)C)C)O)O)/C=N/N5CCN(CC5)C)C", ["Rifampin is an antibacterial prescription medicine approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Rifampin is also FDA-approved to treat people who carry Neisseria meningitidis bacteria but have no symptoms of disease. Treatment with rifampin eliminates the bacteria from their noses and throats. This use of rifampin can prevent the spread of meningitis and other meningococcal diseases caused by Neisseria meningitidis bacteria.", "Rifampin (also referred to as rifampicin) is a macrocyclic antibiotic with major activity against mycobacteria, commonly used in combination with other agents as therapy of tuberculosis. Rifampin is associated with transient and asymptomatic elevations in serum aminotransferase and bilirubin levels and is a well known cause of clinically apparent, acute liver disease that can be severe and even fatal.", "Rifampin is a semisynthetic derivative of rifamycin with broad antibacterial activity. Rifampin inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase in susceptible bacteria and is often used in combination with other antibiotics for various infections including tuberculosis."]], ["(6S,7S)-7-[[(2Z)-2-(5-amino-1,2,4-thiadiazol-3-yl)-2-hydroxyiminoacetyl]amino]-8-oxo-3-[(E)-[2-oxo-1-[(3S)-pyrrolidin-3-yl]pyrrolidin-3-ylidene]methyl]-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid", "C1CNC[C@H]1N2CC/C(=C\\C3=C(N4[C@H]([C@H](C4=O)NC(=O)/C(=N\\O)/C5=NSC(=N5)N)SC3)C(=O)O)/C2=O", ["Ceftobiprole is a broad-spectrum, fifth-generation, pyrrolidinone cephalosporin with antibacterial activity. Ceftobiprole binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall. PBPs are enzymes involved in the terminal stages of assembling the bacterial cell wall and in reshaping the cell wall during growth and division. Inactivation of PBPs interferes with the cross-linkage of peptidoglycan chains necessary for bacterial cell wall strength and rigidity. This results in the weakening of the bacterial cell wall and causes cell lysis."]], ["Sotorasib", "C[C@H]1CN(CCN1C2=NC(=O)N(C3=NC(=C(C=C32)F)C4=C(C=CC=C4F)O)C5=C(C=CN=C5C(C)C)C)C(=O)C=C", ["Sotorasib is a pyridopyrimidine that is pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2(1H)-one substituted by 4-methyl-2-(propan-2-yl)pyridin-3-yl, (2S)-2-methyl-4-(prop-2-enoyl)piperazin-1-yl, fluoro and 2-fluoro-6-hydroxyphenyl groups at positions 1, 4, 6 and 7, respectively. It is approved for the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer having KRAS(G12C) mutations. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent. It is a member of acrylamides, a N-acylpiperazine, a pyridopyrimidine, a member of monofluorobenzenes, a member of methylpyridines, a tertiary carboxamide, a tertiary amino compound and a member of phenols.", "Sotorasib, also known as AMG-510, is an acrylamide-derived KRAS inhibitor developed by Amgen. It is indicated in the treatment of adult patients with KRAS G12C mutant non-small cell lung cancer. This mutation makes up >50% of all KRAS mutations. Mutant KRAS discovered in 1982 but was not considered a druggable target until the mid-2010s. It is the first experimental KRAS inhibitor. The drug [MRTX849] is also currently being developed and has the same target.  Sotorasib was granted FDA approval on May 28, 2021, followed by the European Commission's approval on January 10, 2022.", "Sotorasib is an orally available inhibitor of the specific KRAS mutation, p.G12C, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, sotorasib selectively targets, binds to and inhibits the activity of the KRAS p.G12C mutant. This may inhibit growth in KRAS p.G12C-expressing tumor cells. The KRAS p.G12C mutation is seen in some tumor cell types and plays a key role in tumor cell proliferation."]], ["Tinengotinib", "CC1=C2C(=NN1)NC3=CC(=NC=C3C(=N2)C4=CC=CC=C4Cl)N5CCOCC5", ["Tinengotinib is an orally available small molecule inhibitor of Aurora kinases (AKs) A and B, Janus kinases (JAKs), fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFRs), with potential antineoplastic and immunomodulatory activities. Upon oral administration, tinengotinib selectively binds to and inhibits AKs A and B, which inhibit cell division in tumor cells that overexpress AKs. Tinengotinib also targets JAKs that are involved in cytokine signaling and inflammation, and FGFRs and VEGFRs, which  are overexpressed in the microenvironment (TME) and contribute to neovascularization, tumor growth and metastasis.  These kinases are overexpressed by a wide variety of cancer cell types and drive tumor cell proliferation."]], ["[(7S,9E,12R,13S,16R,17S)-2,15,17,27,29-pentahydroxy-11-methoxy-3,7,12,14,16,18,22-heptamethyl-26-[(Z)-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)iminomethyl]-6,23-dioxo-8,30-dioxa-24-azatetracyclo[23.3.1.14,7.05,28]triaconta-1(29),2,4,9,19,21,25,27-octaen-13-yl] acetate", "C[C@@H]1[C@H](C(C=CC=C(C(=O)NC2=C(C(=C3C(=C2O)C(=C(C4=C3C(=O)[C@](O4)(O/C=C/C([C@H]([C@H](C(C1O)C)OC(=O)C)C)OC)C)C)O)O)/C=N\\N5CCN(CC5)C)C)C)O", ["Rifampin is an antibacterial prescription medicine approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Rifampin is also FDA-approved to treat people who carry Neisseria meningitidis bacteria but have no symptoms of disease. Treatment with rifampin eliminates the bacteria from their noses and throats. This use of rifampin can prevent the spread of meningitis and other meningococcal diseases caused by Neisseria meningitidis bacteria.", "Rifampin (also referred to as rifampicin) is a macrocyclic antibiotic with major activity against mycobacteria, commonly used in combination with other agents as therapy of tuberculosis. Rifampin is associated with transient and asymptomatic elevations in serum aminotransferase and bilirubin levels and is a well known cause of clinically apparent, acute liver disease that can be severe and even fatal.", "Rifampin is a semisynthetic derivative of rifamycin with broad antibacterial activity. Rifampin inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase in susceptible bacteria and is often used in combination with other antibiotics for various infections including tuberculosis.", "A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160)"]], ["Rifampicin,(S)", "C[C@H]1C=CC=C(C(=O)NC2=C(C(=C3C(=C2O)C(=C(C4=C3C(=O)[C@](O4)(O/C=C/[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]1O)C)O)C)OC(=O)C)C)OC)C)C)O)O)/C=N\\N5CCN(CC5)C)C", ["A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160)"]], ["Ceftobiprole medocaril sodium;BAL5788;Ro 65-5788", "CC1=C(OC(=O)O1)COC(=O)N2CCC(C2)N3CCC(=CC4=C(N5[C@@H]([C@@H](C5=O)NC(=O)C(=NO)C6=NSC(=N6)N)SC4)C(=O)O)C3=O", ["Ceftobiprole Medocaril is a water-soluble prodrug of ceftobiprole, a pyrrolidinone cephalosporin antibiotic, with bactericidal activity. Ceftobiprole binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), enzymes involved in the terminal stages of bacterial cell wall assembly and cell wall reshaping during bacterial growth and division. This agent exhibits a broad spectrum of activity against gram-negative and gram-positive pathogens including methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus (VISA) and vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (VRSA). Ceftobiprole is refractory to hydrolysis by class A and class C lactamases."]], ["2-amino-1-methyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-4-one", "CN1CC(=O)NC1=N", ["Creatinine has been used in trials studying the treatment of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.", "Krebiozen is a natural product found in Castanea sativa, Punica granatum, and other organisms with data available.", "See also: creatinine (preferred)."]], ["Abivertinib maleate", "CN1CCN(CC1)C2=C(C=C(C=C2)NC3=NC4=C(C=CN4)C(=N3)OC5=CC=CC(=C5)NC(=O)C=C)F.C(=C\\C(=O)O)\\C(=O)O.O.O", ["Abivertinib Maleate is the maleate salt form of abivertinib, an orally available, irreversible, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutant-selective inhibitor, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, abivertinib covalently binds to and inhibits the activity of mutant forms of EGFR, including the drug-resistant T790M EGFR mutant, which prevents signaling mediated by mutant forms of EGFR. This may both induce cell death and inhibit tumor growth in EGFR-mutated tumor cells. EGFR, a receptor tyrosine kinase that is mutated in a variety of cancers, plays a key role in tumor cell proliferation and tumor vascularization. As this agent is selective towards mutant forms of EGFR, its toxicity profile may be reduced when compared to non-selective EGFR inhibitors, which also inhibit wild-type EGFR."]], ["Rhenium RE-186 etidronate", "CC(O)(OP(=O)([O-])[O-])OP(=O)([O-])[O-].[186Re]", ["Rhenium Re 186 Etidronate is an synthetic compound containing the organic phosphonate hydroxyethylidene diphosphonate (HEDP) labeled with the radioisotope rhenium Re 186. Re-186 etidronate binds to hydroxyapatite in bone, delivering a cytotoxic dose of beta radiation to primary and metastatic bone tumors. Re-186 is a beta emitter with a short half-life, a radioisotope profile that provides localized antitumor radiocytotoxicity while sparing extramedullary bone marrow tissues."]], ["cobalt;[(2R,3S,4R,5S)-5-(5,6-dimethylbenzimidazol-1-yl)-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl] [(2R)-1-[3-[(1R,2R,3R,5Z,7S,9Z,12S,13S,14Z,17S,18S,19R)-2,13,18-tris(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-7,12,17-tris(3-amino-3-oxopropyl)-3,5,8,8,13,15,18,19-octamethyl-2,7,12,17-tetrahydro-1H-corrin-22-id-3-yl]propanoylamino]propan-2-yl] hydrogen phosphate", "CC1=CC2=C(C=C1C)N(C=N2)[C@@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O3)CO)OP(=O)(O)O[C@H](C)CNC(=O)CC[C@@]4([C@H]([C@@H]5[C@]6([C@@]([C@@H](C(=N6)/C(=C\\7/[C@@]([C@@H](C(=N7)/C=C\\8/C([C@@H](/C(=C(/C4=N5)\\C)/[N-]8)CCC(=O)N)(C)C)CCC(=O)N)(C)CC(=O)N)/C)CCC(=O)N)(C)CC(=O)N)C)CC(=O)N)C)O.[Co]", ["Cobalamin is an essential nutrient and natural water-soluble vitamin of the B-complex family that must combine with an intrinsic factor for absorption by the intestine, Vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin) is necessary for hematopoiesis, neural metabolism, DNA and RNA production, and carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism. B12 improves iron functions in the metabolic cycle and assists folic acid in choline synthesis. B12 metabolism is interconnected with that of folic acid. Vitamin B12 deficiency causes pernicious anemia, megaloblastic anemia, and neurologic lesions.", "A cobalt-containing coordination compound produced by intestinal micro-organisms and found also in soil and water. Higher plants do not concentrate vitamin B 12 from the soil and so are a poor source of the substance as compared with animal tissues. INTRINSIC FACTOR is important for the assimilation of vitamin B 12."]], ["Lisaftoclax", "C1CC2(C1)CCC(=C(C2)C3=CC=C(C=C3)Cl)CN4CCN(CC4)C5=CC(=C(C=C5)C(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C6=CC(=C(C=C6)NC[C@H]7COCCO7)[N+](=O)[O-])OC8=CN=C9C(=C8)C=CN9", ["Lisaftoclax is an orally bioavailable and selective inhibitor of the anti-apoptotic protein B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), with potential pro-apoptotic and antineoplastic activities. Upon oral administration, lisaftoclax targets, binds to and inhibits the activity of Bcl-2. This restores apoptotic processes in tumor cells. Bcl-2 is overexpressed in many cancers and plays an important role in the negative regulation of apoptosis; its expression is associated with increased drug resistance and tumor cell survival."]], ["Mezigdomide", "C1CC(=O)NC(=O)[C@H]1N2CC3=C(C2=O)C=CC=C3OCC4=CC=C(C=C4)CN5CCN(CC5)C6=C(C=C(C=C6)C#N)F", ["Mezigdomide is a modulator of the E3 ubiquitin ligase complex containing cereblon (CRL4-CRBN E3 ubiquitin ligase), with potential immunomodulating and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, mezigdomide specifically binds to cereblon (CRBN), thereby affecting the ubiquitin E3 ligase activity, and targeting certain substrate proteins for ubiquitination. This induces proteasome-mediated degradation of certain transcription factors, some of which are transcriptional repressors in T-cells. This leads to modulation of the immune system, including activation of T-lymphocytes, and downregulation of the activity of other proteins, some of which play key roles in the proliferation of certain cancer cell types. CRBN, the substrate recognition component of the CRL4-CRBN E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, plays a key role in the ubiquitination of certain proteins."]], ["4-Piperidinamine, 1-[6-ethyl-8-fluoro-4-methyl-3-(3-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)-2-quinolinyl]-N-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)-", "CCC1=CC2=C(C(=C(N=C2C(=C1)F)N3CCC(CC3)NC4CCOCC4)C5=NC(=NO5)C)C", ["BTRX-335140 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT04221230 (Study in Major Depressive Disorder With BTRX-335140 vs Placebo)."]], ["Elzovantinib", "CCN1CC2=C(C=CC(=C2C#N)F)O[C@H](CNC(=O)C3=C4N=C1C=CN4N=C3N)C", ["Elzovantinib is an orally bioavailable, multi-targeted kinase inhibitor with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, elzovantinib binds to and inhibits three tyrosine kinases that are often overexpressed in a variety of cancer cell types, including MET (c-Met; hepatocyte growth factor receptor; HGFR) , Src, and colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R; CSF-1R; C-FMS; CD115; macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor; M-CSFR) thereby disrupting their respective signaling pathways. MET, a receptor tyrosine kinase overexpressed or mutated in many tumor cell types, plays an important role in tumor cell proliferation, survival, invasion, and metastasis, and in tumor angiogenesis. Src, a non-receptor tyrosine kinase upregulated in many tumor cell types, plays an important role in tumor cell proliferation, motility, invasiveness and survival. CSF1R is a cell-surface receptor for colony stimulating factor 1 (CSF1); this receptor tyrosine kinase is overexpressed by tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in the tumor microenvironment (TME), and plays a major role in both immune suppression and the induction of tumor cell proliferation."]], ["XC4ZA6Osy6", "C[C@H]1C(=NNC(=O)O1)C2=CC(=C(C=C2)C3=CC=C(C=C3)F)C(F)(F)F", ["SLFN12-PDE3A Complex Inducer BAY 2666605 is an orally bioavailable agent that triggers the formation of a complex of the two proteins Schlafen family member 12 (SLFN12) and phosphodiesterase 3A (PDE3A), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, SLFN12-PDE3A complex inducer BAY2666605 triggers the formation of the SLFN12-PDE3A complex. This stabilizes SLFN12 and alters the expression of a set of genes that regulate cell survival, death, and proliferation. This suppresses cell cycle progression and induces apoptosis in cancer cells that specifically express elevated levels of both of these proteins."]], ["VS58MO4P47", "CCN(CC1=NC2=C(N1)C(=NC3=C2C=CC(=C3)C4=CC=NN4)N)C(=O)C", ["NLRP3 Agonist BMS-986299 is a nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat (NLR) family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3; NACHT, LRR and PYD Containing Protein 3; NALP3) agonist with potential immunomodulatory and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, NLRP3 agonist BMS-986299 binds to and activates NLRP3, potentially promoting NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated secretion of interleukin-8 (IL-8), which may induce tumoricidal activity of natural killer (NK) cells against tumor cells. NLRP3, a sensor component of the NLRP3 inflammasome plays a significant role in immunity and inflammation, and may protect against tumorigenesis in some cancers."]], ["ME4fdg", "CO[C@@H]1[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O1)CO)[18F])O)O", ["Alpha-methyl-4-deoxy-4-[(18)F]fluoro-D-glucopyranoside is a radioconjugate and sodium-dependent glucose transporter (SGLT)-specific tracer that is composed of a glucose analog labeled with the positron-emitting radioactive isotope fluorine F18, and can be used for tumor cell imaging upon positron emission tomography (PET). Upon administration, alpha-methyl-4-deoxy-4-[(18)F]fluoro-D-glucopyranoside (Me4FDG) is specifically taken up by SGLT-expressing tumor cells. The fluorine F 18 moiety can be visualized upon PET imaging and this agent can be used both as a tracer for sugar uptake by and for imaging and staging of certain tumor cell types. Glucose is a major metabolic substrate required for cancer cell survival and growth and is taken up by cancer cells at a much higher rate compared to normal cells. SGLTs, especially SGLT type 2 (SGLT2), are overexpressed on certain tumor cell types and play key roles in glucose transport in these cells. Me4FDG is not transported by glucose uniporter proteins (GLUTs). In contrast, Me4FDG is not transported by glucose transporters (GLUTs)."]], ["Cevidoplenib dimesylate", "CC1=NN(C=C1CN2C[C@@H](CO2)O)C3=NC(=NC=C3)NC4=CC5=C(C=C4)N(C=C5C(=O)C6CC6)C.CS(=O)(=O)O.CS(=O)(=O)O", ["Cevidoplenib Dimesylate is the dimesylate salt of cevidoplenib, an orally available inhibitor of spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK), with potential anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating activities. Upon oral administration, cevidoplenib binds to and inhibits the activity of SYK, blocking Fc receptor and B-cell receptor (BCR)-mediated signaling in inflammatory cells, including macrophages, neutrophils, mast cells, natural killer (NK) cells and B-cells. This leads to the inhibition of the activation of these inflammatory cells, and the related inflammatory responses and tissue damage. SYK, a non-receptor cytoplasmic protein tyrosine kinase widely expressed in hematopoietic cells, plays a key role in Fc receptor and B-cell receptor signaling in inflammatory cells. It is involved in coupling activated immunoreceptors, such as Fc receptors and B-cell receptors, to signal downstream events that mediate diverse cellular responses, including proliferation, differentiation, and phagocytosis, which are important for allergic and antibody-mediated immune diseases such as immune thrombocytopenia (ITP)."]], ["Orladeyo", "C1CC1CN[C@@H](C2=CC(=C(C=C2)F)NC(=O)C3=CC(=NN3C4=CC=CC(=C4)CN)C(F)(F)F)C5=CC=CC(=C5)C#N", ["Berotralstat is a selective inhibitor of plasma kallikrein used in the prophylaxis of attacks of hereditary angioedema (HAE). It works by blocking the enzymatic activity of plasma kallikrein in releasing bradykinin, the major biologic peptide that promotes swelling and pain associated with attacks of HAE. Berotralstat is strictly used to prevent, but not treat, these attacks.  Developed by BioCryst Pharmaceuticals, berotralstat is marketed under the name Orladeyo as oral capsules. Berotralstat was first approved by the FDA on December 3, 2020, as the first once-daily oral therapy to prevent angioedema attacks of HAE in adults and pediatric patients 12 years and older. Berotralstat was approved by the European Commission on April 30, 2021 and by Health Canada on June 06, 2022.", "Berotralstat is a Plasma Kallikrein Inhibitor. The mechanism of action of berotralstat is as a Kallikrein Inhibitor, and Cytochrome P450 2D6 Inhibitor, and Cytochrome P450 3A4 Inhibitor, and P-Glycoprotein Inhibitor."]], ["EP2QR4P7ZL", "CCOC1=C(C=C2C(=C1)N=CN=C2NC3=CC(=C(C=C3)OC4=CC5=NC=NN5C=C4)C)NC(=O)/C(=C/[C@H]6CCCN6C)/F", ["HER2 Inhibitor SPH5030 is an orally bioavailable, irreversible inhibitor of the receptor tyrosine kinase human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2; ErbB2; HER-2), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, HER2 inhibitor SPH5030 selectively binds to and inhibits the activity of wild-type and various HER2 mutants. This prevents HER2-mediated signaling and may lead to cell death in HER2-expressing tumor cells. HER2, a receptor tyrosine kinase overexpressed on a variety of tumor cell types, plays an important role in tumor cell proliferation and tumor vascularization."]], ["Cholestyramine resin", "CCC(C)C.CCC(CC(C)C1=CC=CC=C1)C2=CC=C(C=C2)C[N+](C)(C)C.N.[Cl-]", ["Cholestyramine appears as white to buff-colored fine powder. Odorless or a slight amine odor. Insoluble in water. A synthetic strongly basic anion exchange resin in which quaternary ammonium groups are attached to a styrene/divinylbenzene copolymer chain.", "Cholestyramine or colestyramine is a bile acid sequestrant. Bile acid sequestrants are polymeric compounds which serve as ion exchange resins. Cholestyramine resin is quite hydrophilic, but insoluble in water.", "Cholestyramine is a nonabsorbed bile acid sequestrant that is used a therapy of hyperlipidemia and for the pruritus of chronic liver disease and biliary obstruction. Cholestyramine has been associated with mild and transient serum enzyme elevations during therapy, but has not been linked to cases of clinically apparent liver injury with jaundice.", "Cholestyramine is an anion exchange resin with hypolipidemic activity. Cholestyramine resin adsorbs and combines with bile acids in the intestine to form an insoluble complex, which is then excreted in the feces, resulting in an increased oxidation of cholesterol to bile acids, a decrease in low density lipoprotein in the plasma, and a decrease in serum cholesterol levels.", "A strongly basic anion exchange resin whose main constituent is polystyrene trimethylbenzylammonium Cl(-) anion."]], ["5,9:7,10a-Dimethano-10aH-[1,3]dioxocino[6,5-d]pyrimidine-4,7,10,11,12-pentol, octahydro-12-(hydroxymethyl)-2-imino-,(4R,4aR,5R,7S,9S,10S,10aR,11S,12S)-", "C(C1([C@H]2C(C34[C@@H](C1O[C@@]([C@H]3O)(O2)O)[C@H](N=C(N4)N)O)O)O)O", ["An aminoperhydroquinazoline poison found mainly in the liver and ovaries of fishes in the order TETRAODONTIFORMES, which are eaten. The toxin causes paresthesia and paralysis through interference with neuromuscular conduction."]], ["17alpha-Methyl-androstan-3-hydroxyimine-17beta-ol", "C[C@]12CC/C(=N\\O)/C[C@@H]1CC[C@@H]3[C@@H]2CC[C@]4([C@H]3CC[C@]4(C)O)C", ["17alpha-Methyl-androstan-3-hydroxyimine-17beta-ol is an androstanoid."]], ["sodium;2-[4-[(10S,13R)-3,12-dihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]pentanoylamino]ethanesulfonate", "CC(CCC(=O)NCCS(=O)(=O)[O-])C1CCC2[C@@]1(C(CC3C2CCC4[C@@]3(CCC(C4)O)C)O)C.[Na+]", ["A bile salt formed in the liver by conjugation of deoxycholate with taurine, usually as the sodium salt. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic, also industrially as a fat emulsifier."]], ["(9S)-7-[(2R)-4-amino-6-methyl-5-[(2R)-oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-6,9,11-trihydroxy-9-(2-hydroxyacetyl)-4-methoxy-8,10-dihydro-7H-tetracene-5,12-dione", "CC1C(C(C[C@@H](O1)OC2C[C@@](CC3=C2C(=C4C(=C3O)C(=O)C5=C(C4=O)C(=CC=C5)OC)O)(C(=O)CO)O)N)O[C@@H]6CCCCO6", ["Pirarubicin is an analogue of the anthracycline antineoplastic antibiotic doxorubicin.  Pirarubicin intercalates into DNA and interacts with topoisomerase II, thereby inhibiting DNA replication and repair and RNA and protein synthesis.  This agent is less cardiotoxic than doxorubicin and exhibits activity against some doxorubicin-resistant cell lines. (NCI04)"]], ["[(4R)-6-[6-[[4-acetyloxy-10-hydroxy-5-methoxy-9,16-dimethyl-2-oxo-7-(2-oxoethyl)-1-oxacyclohexadeca-11,13-dien-6-yl]oxy]-4-(dimethylamino)-5-hydroxy-2-methyloxan-3-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-2,4-dimethyloxan-3-yl] 3-methylbutanoate", "CC1CC=CC=CC(C(CC(C(C(C(CC(=O)O1)OC(=O)C)OC)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)C)OC3C[C@@](C(C(O3)C)OC(=O)CC(C)C)(C)O)N(C)C)O)CC=O)C)O", ["A macrolide antibiotic from Streptomyces narbonensis. The drug has antimicrobial activity against a wide spectrum of pathogens."]], ["Adrabetadex", "CC(COC[C@@H]1[C@@H]2C[C@H]([C@H](O1)O[C@@H]3[C@H](O[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]3O)OCC(C)O)O[C@@H]4[C@H](O[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]4O)O)O[C@@H]5[C@H](O[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]5O)O)O[C@@H]6[C@H](O[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]6O)O)O[C@@H]7[C@H](O[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]7O)O)O[C@@H]8[C@H](O[C@H](O2)[C@@H]([C@H]8O)O)COCC(C)O)CO)COCC(C)O)CO)CO)CO)O)O", ["Adrabetadex is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03887533 (Combined Intrathecal and Intravenous VTS-270 Therapy for Liver and Neurological Disease Associated With Niemann-Pick Disease, Type C1)."]], ["(1S,2R,4R,6R,8S,9R,11S,12S)-11-hydroxy-8-(2-hydroxyacetyl)-9,13-dimethyl-6-propyl-5,7-dioxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosa-14,17-dien-16-one", "CCC[C@@H]1O[C@@H]2C[C@@H]3[C@@H]4CCC5=CC(=O)C=CC5([C@H]4[C@H](C[C@]3([C@@]2(O1)C(=O)CO)C)O)C", ["A glucocorticoid used in the management of ASTHMA, the treatment of various skin disorders, and allergic RHINITIS."]], ["[(4Z,6E,8S,9S,10Z,12S,13R,14S,16R)-13,20,22-trihydroxy-8,14-dimethoxy-4,10,12,16-tetramethyl-3-oxo-19-(prop-2-enylamino)-2-azabicyclo[16.3.1]docosa-1(21),4,6,10,18(22),19-hexaen-9-yl] carbamate;hydrochloride", "C[C@H]1C[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](/C=C(\\[C@@H]([C@H](/C=C/C=C(\\C(=O)NC2=CC(=C(C(=C2O)C1)NCC=C)O)/C)OC)OC(=O)N)/C)C)O)OC.Cl", ["Retaspimycin Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt of a small-molecule inhibitor of heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) with antiproliferative and antineoplastic activities. Retaspimycin binds to and inhibits the cytosolic chaperone functions of HSP90, which maintains the stability and functional shape of many oncogenic signaling proteins and may be overexpressed or overactive in tumor cells. Retaspimycin-mediated inhibition of HSP90 promotes the proteasomal degradation of oncogenic signaling proteins in susceptible tumor cell populations, which may result in the induction of apoptosis."]], ["(2R,3S,4R,5R,8R,10R,11R,12S,13S,14R)-11-[(2S,3R,4S,6S)-4-(dimethylamino)-3-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-2-ethyl-3,4,10-trihydroxy-13-[(2R,4R,5S,6R)-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-4,6-dimethyloxan-2-yl]oxy-3,5,6,8,10,12,14-heptamethyl-1-oxa-6-azacyclopentadecan-15-one", "CC[C@@H]1[C@@]([C@@H]([C@H](N(C[C@@H](C[C@@]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](C(=O)O1)C)O[C@H]2C[C@@]([C@H]([C@H](O2)C)O)(C)OC)C)O[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@H](C[C@@H](O3)C)N(C)C)O)(C)O)C)C)C)O)(C)O", ["A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic structurally related to ERYTHROMYCIN. It has been used in the treatment of Mycobacterium avium intracellulare infections, toxoplasmosis, and cryptosporidiosis."]], ["2-amino-4,6-dimethyl-3-oxo-9-N-[(3R,6S,7R,10R,16R)-7,11,14-trimethyl-2,5,9,12,15-pentaoxo-3,10-di(propan-2-yl)-8-oxa-1,4,11,14-tetrazabicyclo[14.3.0]nonadecan-6-yl]-1-N-[(3S,6R,7S,10S,16S)-7,11,14-trimethyl-2,5,9,12,15-pentaoxo-3,10-di(propan-2-yl)-8-oxa-1,4,11,14-tetrazabicyclo[14.3.0]nonadecan-6-yl]phenoxazine-1,9-dicarboxamide", "C[C@@H]1[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](C(=O)N2CCC[C@@H]2C(=O)N(CC(=O)N([C@@H](C(=O)O1)C(C)C)C)C)C(C)C)NC(=O)C3=C4C(=C(C=C3)C)OC5=C(C(=O)C(=C(C5=N4)C(=O)N[C@@H]6[C@@H](OC(=O)[C@@H](N(C(=O)CN(C(=O)[C@@H]7CCCN7C(=O)[C@@H](NC6=O)C(C)C)C)C)C(C)C)C)N)C", ["Actinomycin d appears as bright red rhomboid prisms or red powder. (NTP, 1992)"]], ["3-[[2-[2-[2-[[(2S,3R)-2-[[(2S,3S,4R)-4-[[(2S,3R)-2-[[6-amino-2-[(1S)-3-amino-1-[[(2S)-2,3-diamino-3-oxopropyl]amino]-3-oxopropyl]-5-methylpyrimidine-4-carbonyl]amino]-3-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-4-carbamoyloxy-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-3-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)propanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxy-2-methylpentanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxybutanoyl]amino]ethyl]-1,3-thiazol-4-yl]-1,3-thiazole-4-carbonyl]amino]propyl-dimethylsulfanium", "CC1=C(N=C(N=C1N)[C@H](CC(=O)N)NC[C@@H](C(=O)N)N)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@H](C2=CN=CN2)O[C@@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O3)CO)O)O)O[C@@H]4[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O4)CO)O)OC(=O)N)O)C(=O)N[C@H](C)[C@H]([C@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)NCCC5=NC(=CS5)C6=NC(=CS6)C(=O)NCCC[S+](C)C)O", ["Bleomycin appears as colorless or yellowish powder. Possible bluish color depending on copper content. (NTP, 1992)", "A complex of related glycopeptide antibiotics from Streptomyces verticillus consisting of bleomycin A2 and B2. It inhibits DNA metabolism and is used as an antineoplastic, especially for solid tumors."]], ["(1S,5S,6R,7S,9R,11S,12R,13S,14S)-3-amino-14-(hydroxymethyl)-8,10-dioxa-2,4-diazatetracyclo[7.3.1.17,11.01,6]tetradec-3-ene-5,9,12,13,14-pentol", "C([C@@]1([C@@H]2[C@@H]3[C@@H](N=C(N[C@]34[C@H]([C@@H]1O[C@@]([C@H]4O)(O2)O)O)N)O)O)O", ["An aminoperhydroquinazoline poison found mainly in the liver and ovaries of fishes in the order TETRAODONTIFORMES, which are eaten. The toxin causes paresthesia and paralysis through interference with neuromuscular conduction."]], ["(1S,4E,6R,10R,12E,14R,15S,17S,18S,19S)-19-benzyl-6,15-dihydroxy-10,17-dimethyl-16-methylidene-2-oxa-20-azatricyclo[12.7.0.01,18]henicosa-4,12-diene-3,21-dione", "C[C@@H]1CCC[C@H](/C=C/C(=O)O[C@]23[C@H](/C=C/C1)[C@@H](C(=C)[C@H]([C@H]2[C@@H](NC3=O)CC4=CC=CC=C4)C)O)O", ["(1S,4E,6R,10R,12E,14R,15S,17S,18S,19S)-19-benzyl-6,15-dihydroxy-10,17-dimethyl-16-methylidene-2-oxa-20-azatricyclo[12.7.0.01,18]henicosa-4,12-diene-3,21-dione is a natural product found in Boeremia exigua with data available."]], ["Sodium;2-[[2-[bis(carboxylatomethyl)amino]-3-[(4,4-diphenylcyclohexyl)oxy-oxidophosphoryl]oxypropyl]-[2-[bis(carboxylatomethyl)amino]ethyl]amino]acetate;gadolinium(3+)", "C1CC(CCC1OP(=O)([O-])OCC(CN(CCN(CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])N(CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])(C2=CC=CC=C2)C3=CC=CC=C3.[Na+].[Gd+3]", ["Gadofosveset Trisodium is the trisodium salt form of gadofosveset, an injectable, intravascular, amphiphilic gadolinium-based contrast agent (GBCA) used with magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) imaging. Gadofosveset is a stable gadolinium diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA) chelate derivative with a diphenylcyclohexylphosphate group. Upon injection, gadofosveset binds reversibly to endogenous serum albumin which increases its intravascular retention time compared to non-protein binding contrast agents. The serum albumin binding also increases T1-relaxivity of gadofosveset. This produces an increase in signal intensity of blood, thereby enhancing the visualization of blood vessels upon MRA and may aid in the diagnosis of certain blood vessels and heart disorders."]], ["HP-beta-CD", "CC(COC[C@@H]1[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O1)O[C@@H]3[C@H](O[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]3O)O)O[C@@H]4[C@H](O[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]4O)O)O[C@@H]5[C@H](O[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]5O)O)O[C@@H]6[C@H](O[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]6O)O)O[C@@H]7[C@H](O[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]7O)O)O[C@@H]8[C@H](O[C@H](O2)[C@H]([C@@H]8O)O)COCC(C)O)COCC(C)O)COCC(C)O)COCC(C)O)COCC(C)O)COCC(C)O)O)O)O", ["Derivative of beta-cyclodextrin that is used as an excipient for steroid drugs and as a lipid chelator."]], ["N5-(3-(7H-Purin-6-yl)pyridin-2-yl)-6-methyl-N1-(3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)isoquinoline-1,5-diamine", "CC1=C(C2=C(C=C1)C(=NC=C2)NC3=CC(=CC=C3)OC(F)(F)F)NC4=C(C=CC=N4)C5=C6C(=NC=N5)N=CN6", ["BRAF Inhibitor LUT014 is a topically bioavailable small molecule inhibitor of serine/threonine-protein kinase B-raf (BRAF) protein with potential chemoprotective activity. Upon topical administration, BRAF inhibitor LUT014 targets and binds BRAF and, through the paradoxical effect of BRAF inhibition, induces mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling, which leads to the proliferation and migration of healthy human keratinocytes. This decreases dermal toxicities associated with epidermal growth factor (EGFR) inhibitor therapy. BRAF, a member of the raf family of serine/threonine protein kinases, plays a role in the regulation of MAPK/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathways."]], ["(1R,3S,5R,7R,12R,14E,16E,18E,20E,22R,24S,25R,26S)-22-[(2R,3S,4S,5S,6R)-4-amino-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-1,3,26-trihydroxy-12-methyl-10-oxo-6,11,28-trioxatricyclo[22.3.1.05,7]octacosa-8,14,16,18,20-pentaene-25-carboxylic acid", "C[C@@H]1C/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/[C@@H](C[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H](C[C@](O2)(C[C@H](C[C@@H]3[C@H](O3)C=CC(=O)O1)O)O)O)C(=O)O)O[C@H]4[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O4)C)O)N)O", ["Natamycin is a polyene amphoteric macrolide antibiotic with antifungal properties. Natamycin exerts its antifungal effects by binding to sterols in the fungal cell membrane thereby increasing membrane permeability. This leads to a leakage and loss of essential cellular constituents. Following ocular application, natamycin is retained in the conjunctival fornices and attains effective concentrations within the corneal stroma where it exerts its effect.", "Amphoteric macrolide antifungal antibiotic from Streptomyces natalensis or S. chattanoogensis. It is used for a variety of fungal infections, mainly topically."]], ["acetic acid;(10R,12S)-N-[(3S,9S,11R,18S,20R,21R,24S,25S)-21-(2-aminoethylamino)-3-[(1R)-3-amino-1-hydroxypropyl]-6-[(1S,2S)-1,2-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-11,20,25-trihydroxy-15-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-2,5,8,14,17,23-hexaoxo-1,4,7,13,16,22-hexazatricyclo[22.3.0.09,13]heptacosan-18-yl]-10,12-dimethyltetradecanamide", "CC[C@H](C)C[C@H](C)CCCCCCCCC(=O)N[C@H]1C[C@H]([C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H]2[C@H](CCN2C(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)C(NC(=O)[C@@H]3C[C@H](CN3C(=O)C(NC1=O)[C@@H](C)O)O)[C@@H]([C@H](C4=CC=C(C=C4)O)O)O)[C@@H](CCN)O)O)NCCN)O.CC(=O)O.CC(=O)O", ["Caspofungin Acetate is the acetate salt of an antimycotic echinocandin lipopeptide, semisynthetically derived from a fermentation product of the fungus Glarea lozoyensis. Caspofungin inhibits 1,3-beta-glucan synthase, resulting in decreased synthesis of beta(1,3)-D-glucan (an essential component of the fungal cell wall), weakening of the fungal cell wall, and fungal cell wall rupture. This agent is active against Aspergillus and Candida species.", "A cyclic lipopeptide echinocandin and beta-(1,3)-D-glucan synthase inhibitor that is used to treat internal or systemic MYCOSES."]], ["gold;(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-triacetyloxy-6-(acetyloxymethyl)oxane-2-thiolate;triethylphosphanium", "CC[PH+](CC)CC.CC(=O)OC[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O1)[S-])OC(=O)C)OC(=O)C)OC(=O)C.[Au]", ["Auranofin is an orally available, lipophilic, organogold compound, used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, with anti-inflammatory and potential antineoplastic activities. Auranofin interacts with selenocysteine residue within the redox-active domain of mitochondrial thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), thereby blocking the activity of TrxR. As a result, this agent induces mitochondrial oxidative stress leading to the induction of apoptosis. Furthermore, this agent strongly inhibits the JAK1/STAT3 signal transduction pathway, thereby suppressing expression of immune factors involved in inflammation. TrxR, overexpressed in many cancer cell types, inhibits apoptosis, promotes cell growth and survival and plays a role in resistance to chemotherapy; TrxR catalyzes the reduction of oxidized thioredoxin (Trx) and plays a central role in regulating cellular redox homeostasis.", "An oral chrysotherapeutic agent for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Its exact mechanism of action is unknown, but it is believed to act via immunological mechanisms and alteration of lysosomal enzyme activity. Its efficacy is slightly less than that of injected gold salts, but it is better tolerated, and side effects which occur are potentially less serious."]], ["(1S,2R,5R,7R,8R,9R,11R,13R,14R)-8-[(2R,3R,4S,6R)-4-(dimethylamino)-3-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-2-ethyl-9-methoxy-1,5,7,9,11,13-hexamethyl-15-[4-(4-pyridin-3-ylimidazol-1-yl)butyl]-3,17-dioxa-15-azabicyclo[12.3.0]heptadecane-4,6,12,16-tetrone", "CC[C@@H]1[C@@]2([C@@H]([C@H](C(=O)[C@@H](C[C@@]([C@@H]([C@H](C(=O)[C@H](C(=O)O1)C)C)O[C@@H]3[C@@H]([C@H](C[C@H](O3)C)N(C)C)O)(C)OC)C)C)N(C(=O)O2)CCCCN4C=C(N=C4)C5=CN=CC=C5)C", ["Telithromycin is a ketolide, a novel form of macrolide antibiotic that is recommended for treatment of community acquired pneumonia. Telithromycin was approved for use in the United States in 2004 and subsequently linked to several cases of severe drug induced liver injury."]], ["2-Oxidoacetate;platinum(2+)", "C(C(=O)[O-])[O-].[Pt+2]", ["Nedaplatin is a second-generation cisplatin analogue with antineoplastic activity. Containing a novel ring structure in which glycolate is bound to the platinum by a bidentate ligand, nedaplatin forms reactive platinum complexes that bind to nucelophillic groups in DNA, resulting in intrastrand and interstrand DNA cross-links, apoptosis and cell death. This agent appears to be less nephrotoxic and neurotoxic compared to both cisplatin and carboplatin."]], ["(1R,3S,5S,7S,8E,12R,14E,16E,18E,20E,22S,24S,25R,26S)-22-[(2R,3S,4S,5S,6R)-4-amino-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-1,3,26-trihydroxy-12-methyl-10-oxo-6,11,28-trioxatricyclo[22.3.1.05,7]octacosa-8,14,16,18,20-pentaene-25-carboxylic acid", "C[C@@H]1C/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/[C@H](C[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H](C[C@](O2)(C[C@H](C[C@H]3[C@@H](O3)/C=C/C(=O)O1)O)O)O)C(=O)O)O[C@H]4[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O4)C)O)N)O", ["Natamycin is a polyene amphoteric macrolide antibiotic with antifungal properties. Natamycin exerts its antifungal effects by binding to sterols in the fungal cell membrane thereby increasing membrane permeability. This leads to a leakage and loss of essential cellular constituents. Following ocular application, natamycin is retained in the conjunctival fornices and attains effective concentrations within the corneal stroma where it exerts its effect.", "Amphoteric macrolide antifungal antibiotic from Streptomyces natalensis or S. chattanoogensis. It is used for a variety of fungal infections, mainly topically."]], ["Ziftomenib", "CC1=C(C=CC2=C1C=C(N2C[C@H](C)N3CCN(CC3)S(=O)(=O)C)C#N)CN4CCC(CC4)NC5=C6C=C(SC6=NC(=N5)NC)CC(F)(F)F", ["Ziftomenib is an orally bioavailable inhibitor of the menin-mixed lineage leukemia (MLL; myeloid/lymphoid leukemia; KMT2A) fusion protein, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, ziftomenib prevents the interaction between the two proteins menin and MLL, and thus the formation of the menin-MLL complex. This reduces the expression of downstream target genes and results in an inhibition of the proliferation of MLL-rearranged leukemic cells. The menin-MLL complex plays a key role in the survival, growth and proliferation of certain kinds of leukemia cells."]], ["Adagrasib", "CN1CCC[C@H]1COC2=NC3=C(CCN(C3)C4=CC=CC5=C4C(=CC=C5)Cl)C(=N2)N6CCN([C@H](C6)CC#N)C(=O)C(=C)F", ["Adagrasib (MRTX849) is an oral, small-molecule KRAS inhibitor developed by Mirati Therapeutics. KRAS mutations are highly common in cancer and account for approximately 85% of all RAS family mutations. However, the development of KRAS inhibitors has been challenging due to their high affinity for guanosine triphosphate (GTP) and guanosine diphosphate (GDP), as well as the lack of a clear binding pocket. Adagrasib targets KRASG12C, one of the most common KRAS mutations, at the cysteine 12 residue and inhibits KRAS-dependent signalling. In a phase I/IB clinical study that included patients with KRASG12C-mutated advanced solid tumors (NCT03785249), adagrasib exhibited anti-tumor activity. The phase II of the same study showed that in patients with KRASG12C-mutated non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), adagrasib was efficient without new safety signals.  In February 2022, the FDA accepted a new drug application (NDA) for adagrasib for the treatment of patients with previously treated KRASG12C\u2013positive NSCLC. In December 2022, the FDA granted accelerated approval to adagrasib for the treatment of KRASG12C-mutated locally advanced or metastatic NSCLC who have received at least one prior systemic therapy. Adagrasib joins [sotorasib] as another KRASG12C inhibitor approved by the FDA.", "Adagrasib is an orally available, small molecule inhibitor that targets the oncogenic KRAS substitution mutation, G12C, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration adagrasib covalently binds to cytosine 12 within the switch II pocket of GDP-bound KRAS G12C, thereby inhibiting mutant KRAS-dependent signaling. KRAS, a member of the RAS family of oncogenes, serves an important role in cell signaling, division and differentiation. Mutations of KRAS may induce constitutive signal transduction leading to tumor cell growth, proliferation, invasion, and metastasis."]], ["Murizatoclax", "C[C@H]1C/C=C/[C@@]([C@@H]2CC[C@H]2CN3C[C@@]4(CCCC5=C4C=CC(=C5)Cl)COC6=C3C=C(C=C6)C(=O)NS(=O)(=O)[C@@H]1C)(CN7CCN8CCCC[C@@H]8C7)OC", ["Murizatoclax is an inhibitor of induced myeloid leukemia cell differentiation protein (myeloid cell leukemia-1; Mcl-1; Bcl2-L-3), with potential pro-apoptotic and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, MCL-1 inhibitor AMG 397 targets and binds to Mcl-1, thereby preventing the binding of Mcl-1 to and inactivation of certain pro-apoptotic proteins. This promotes apoptosis of cells overexpressing Mcl-1. Mcl-1, an anti-apoptotic protein belonging to the B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family of proteins, is upregulated in cancer cells and promotes tumor cell survival."]], ["Gunagratinib", "CNC1=C(C(=NN1[C@H]2CCN(C2)C(=O)C=C)C#CC3=CC(=CC(=C3)OC)OC)C(=O)N", ["Gunagratinib is a small molecule pan inhibitor of human fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs), with potential antiangiogenic and antineoplastic activities. Upon oral administration,gunagratinib inhibits the activities of FGFRs, which may result in the inhibition of both tumor angiogenesis and tumor cell proliferation, and the induction of tumor cell death. FGFRs, a family of receptor tyrosine kinases upregulated in various tumor cell types, may be involved in tumor cell differentiation and proliferation, tumor angiogenesis, and tumor cell survival."]], ["Balixafortide", "C[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@H]2CSSC[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)C(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H]3CCCN3C(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC2=O)CO)C)CCN)CCCNC(=N)N)CC4=CC=C(C=C4)O)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H]5CCCN5C(=O)[C@@H]6CCCN6C(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NN1)CC7=CN=CN7)CC8=CC=C(C=C8)O)CCCCN)CCC(=O)N)CC9=CC=C(C=C9)O", ["Balixafortide is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03786094 (Pivotal Study in HER2 Negative, Locally Recurrent or Metastatic Breast Cancer).", "Balixafortide is an orally bioavailable inhibitor of CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) with receptor binding and hematopoietic stem cell-mobilization activities. Balixafortide binds to the chemokine receptor CXCR4, thereby preventing the binding of stromal derived factor-1 (SDF-1 or CXCL12) to the CXCR4 receptor and subsequent receptor activation. This may induce the mobilization of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells from the bone marrow into blood. CXCR4, a chemokine receptor belonging to the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) gene family, plays an important role in chemotaxis and angiogenesis and is upregulated in several tumor cell types; CXCL12/CXCR4 interaction induces retention of hematopoietic cells in the bone marrow."]], ["1-Cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-8-methoxy-7-[(4aS,7aS)-octahydropyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl]-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid hydrochloride", "COC1=C2C(=CC(=C1[NH+]3C[C@@H]4CCCN[C@@H]4C3)F)C(=O)C(=CN2C5CC5)C(=O)O.[Cl-]", ["A fluoroquinolone that acts as an inhibitor of DNA TOPOISOMERASE II and is used as a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent.", "See also: Moxifloxacin Hydrochloride (preferred)."]], ["Marqibo", "CC[C@@]1(C[C@@H]2C[C@@](C3=C(CC[NH+](C2)C1)C4=CC=CC=C4N3)(C5=C(C=C6C(=C5)[C@]78CC[NH+]9[C@H]7[C@@](C=CC9)([C@H]([C@@]([C@@H]8N6C=O)(C(=O)OC)O)OC(=O)C)CC)OC)C(=O)OC)O.[O-]S(=O)(=O)[O-]", ["Vincristine sulfate is an organic sulfate salt containing equimolar amounts of vincristine(2+) and sulfate. Used for the treatment of a variety of cancers. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent and a geroprotector. It contains a vincristine(2+).", "An antitumor alkaloid isolated from VINCA ROSEA. (Merck, 11th ed.)"]], ["(6R,7R)-7-[[(2E)-2-(2-amino-5-chloro-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-[3-[[(1S,2R,18R,19R,22S,25R,28R,40S)-48-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3-[(2S,4S,5S,6S)-4-amino-5-hydroxy-4,6-dimethyloxan-2-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-22-(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-5,15-dichloro-2,18,32,35,37-pentahydroxy-19-[[(2R)-4-methyl-2-(methylamino)pentanoyl]amino]-20,23,26,42,44-pentaoxo-7,13-dioxa-21,24,27,41,43-pentazaoctacyclo[26.14.2.23,6.214,17.18,12.129,33.010,25.034,39]pentaconta-3,5,8(48),9,11,14,16,29(45),30,32,34(39),35,37,46,49-pentadecaene-40-carbonyl]amino]propoxyimino]acetyl]amino]-8-oxo-3-(pyridin-1-ium-1-ylmethyl)-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate", "C[C@H]1[C@H]([C@@](C[C@@H](O1)O[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O[C@H]2OC3=C4C=C5C=C3OC6=C(C=C(C=C6)[C@H]([C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@H]5C(=O)N[C@@H]7C8=CC(=C(C=C8)O)C9=C(C=C(C=C9O)O)[C@H](NC(=O)[C@H]([C@@H](C1=CC(=C(O4)C=C1)Cl)O)NC7=O)C(=O)NCCCO/N=C(\\C1=C(SC(=N1)N)Cl)/C(=O)N[C@H]1[C@@H]2N(C1=O)C(=C(CS2)C[N+]1=CC=CC=C1)C(=O)[O-])CC(=O)N)NC(=O)[C@@H](CC(C)C)NC)O)Cl)CO)O)O)(C)N)O", ["Cefilavancin is a covalently-linked glycopeptide-cephalosporin (beta-lactam) heterodimer antibiotic that exhibits substantially greater activity than its component parts against Gram-positive bacteria."]], ["(2R,3R,4S,5R)-2-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-5-methanidyloxolane-3,4-diol;cobalt;[(2R,3S,4R,5S)-5-(5,6-dimethylbenzimidazol-1-yl)-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl] [(2R)-1-[3-[(1R,2R,3R,7S,12S,13S,17S,18S,19R)-2,13,18-tris(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-7,12,17-tris(3-amino-3-oxopropyl)-3,5,8,8,13,15,18,19-octamethyl-2,7,12,17-tetrahydro-1H-corrin-21-id-3-yl]propanoylamino]propan-2-yl] phosphate", "CC1=CC2=C(C=C1C)N(C=N2)[C@@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O3)CO)OP(=O)([O-])O[C@H](C)CNC(=O)CC[C@@]4([C@H]([C@@H]5[C@]6([C@@]([C@@H](C(=N6)C(=C7[C@@]([C@@H](C(=N7)C=C8C([C@@H](C(=N8)C(=C4[N-]5)C)CCC(=O)N)(C)C)CCC(=O)N)(C)CC(=O)N)C)CCC(=O)N)(C)CC(=O)N)C)CC(=O)N)C)O.[CH2-][C@@H]1[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O1)N2C=NC3=C(N=CN=C32)N)O)O.[Co]", ["Adenosylcobalamin is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655)."]], ["Lorvotuzumab mertansine", "C[C@@H]1[C@@H]2C[C@]([C@@H](/C=C/C=C(/CC3=CC(=C(C(=C3)OC)Cl)N(C(=O)C[C@@H]([C@]4([C@H]1O4)C)OC(=O)[C@H](C)N(C)C(=O)CCSSC(C)CCC(=O)NCCCC[C@@H](C(=O)O)N)C)\\C)OC)(NC(=O)O2)O", ["Lorvotuzumab mertansine has been used in trials studying the treatment of SCLC, Leukemia, Ovarian Cancer, Multiple Myeloma, and Merkel Cell Carcinoma, among others.", "Lorvotuzumab Mertansine is an immunoconjugate of a humanized murine monoclonal antibody (huN-901) and DMI, a semi-synthetic derivative of the plant-derived ansa macrolide maytansine. The antibody moiety of BB-10901 selectively attaches to CD56 antigen, a neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM)) expressed on the surface of cells of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and other neuroendocrine (NE) tumors. Thus, the DMI conjugate is targeted specifically to CD56-expressing tumor cells, where it inhibits tubulin polymerization and assembly, resulting in inhibition of mitosis and cell cycle arrest in the S phase. (NCI04)"]], ["sodium 2-(3-oxo-sodioxy-3H-xanthen-9-yl)benzoate", "C1=CC=C(C(=C1)C2=C3C=CC(=O)C=C3OC4=C2C=CC(=C4)[O-])C(=O)[O-].O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Na+].[Na+]", ["A phthalic indicator dye that appears yellow-green in normal tear film and bright green in a more alkaline medium such as the aqueous humor."]], ["4-({3-Chloro-4-[(3-fluorophenyl)methoxy]phenyl}amino)-6-]5-({[2-(methylsulfonyl)ethyl]azaniumyl}methyl)furan-2-yl[quinazolin-1-ium bis(4-methylbenzenesulfonate)", "CC1=CC=C(C=C1)S(=O)(=O)[O-].CC1=CC=C(C=C1)S(=O)(=O)[O-].CS(=O)(=O)CC[NH2+]CC1=CC=C(O1)C2=CC3=C([NH+]=CN=C3C=C2)NC4=CC(=C(C=C4)OCC5=CC(=CC=C5)F)Cl", ["Lapatinib Ditosylate is the ditosylate salt of lapatinib, a synthetic, orally-active quinazoline with potential antineoplastic activity. Lapatinib reversibly blocks phosphorylation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), ErbB2, and the Erk-1 and-2 and AKT kinases; it also inhibits cyclin D protein levels in human tumor cell lines and xenografts. EGFR and ErbB2 have been implicated in the growth of various tumor types.", "A quinazoline derivative that inhibits EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR and HER2 (RECEPTOR, ERBB-2) tyrosine kinases. It is used for the treatment of advanced or metastatic breast cancer, where tumors overexpress HER2."]], ["9,10-didehydro-N-[1-(hydroxymethyl)propyl]-D-lysergamide maleate", "[H+].CC[C@@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H]1C[NH+]([C@@H]2CC3=CNC4=CC=CC(=C34)C2=C1)C.C(=C\\C(=O)[O-])\\C(=O)[O-]", ["A homolog of ERGONOVINE containing one more CH2 group. (Merck Index, 11th ed)"]], ["(9R)-9-phenylphosphindolo[2,3-b]pyridine 9-oxide", "C1=CC=C(C=C1)[P@@]2(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3C4=C2N=CC=C4", ["SD118 was previously under investigation in Japan for a different indication and now, following re-profiling and evaluation in experimental animal models, has demonstrated its potential as a new oral therapy for neuropathic pain."]], ["(1R,3S,5R,6R,9R,11R,15S,16R,17R,18S,19E,21E,23Z,25E,27E,29Z,31E,33R,35S,36R,37S)-33-(4-amino-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxy-1,3,5,6,9,11,17,37-octahydroxy-15,16,18-trimethyl-13-oxo-14,39-dioxabicyclo[33.3.1]nonatriaconta-19,21,23,25,27,29,31-heptaene-36-carboxylic acid", "C[C@H]1/C=C/C=C/C=C\\C=C\\C=C\\C=C/C=C/[C@@H](C[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H](C[C@](O2)(C[C@H](C[C@H]([C@@H](CC[C@H](C[C@H](CC(=O)O[C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H]1O)C)C)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)C(=O)O)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)C)O)N)O", ["Macrolide antifungal antibiotic produced by Streptomyces nodosus obtained from soil of the Orinoco river region of Venezuela."]], ["(1R,5R,6R,7R,9S,11S,13S,14R)-3-amino-14-(hydroxymethyl)-8,10-dioxa-2,4-diazatetracyclo[7.3.1.17,11.01,6]tetradec-3-ene-5,9,12,13,14-pentol", "C([C@]1([C@H]2[C@@H]3[C@H](N=C(N[C@]34[C@@H]([C@](O2)(O[C@H]1C4O)O)O)N)O)O)O", ["(1R,5R,6R,7R,9S,11S,13S,14R)-3-amino-14-(hydroxymethyl)-8,10-dioxa-2,4-diazatetracyclo[7.3.1.17,11.01,6]tetradec-3-ene-5,9,12,13,14-pentol is a natural product found in Takifugu vermicularis and Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda with data available.", "Tetrodotoxin is a neurotoxin with potential analgesic activity. Tetrodotoxin binds to the pores of fast voltage-gated fast sodium channels in nerve cell membranes, inhibiting nerve action potentials and blocking nerve transmission. Although found in various species of fish (such as the pufferfish), newts, frogs, flatworms, and crabs, tetrodotoxin, for which there is no known antidote, is actually produced by bacteria such as Vibrio alginolyticus, Pseudoalteromonas tetraodonis, and other vibrio and pseudomonas bacterial species.", "An aminoperhydroquinazoline poison found mainly in the liver and ovaries of fishes in the order TETRAODONTIFORMES, which are eaten. The toxin causes paresthesia and paralysis through interference with neuromuscular conduction."]], ["Cholografin Meglumine", "C[NH2+]C[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](CO)O)O)O)O.C[NH2+]C[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](CO)O)O)O)O.C1=C(C(=C(C(=C1I)NC(=O)CCCCC(=O)NC2=C(C=C(C(=C2I)C(=O)[O-])I)I)I)C(=O)[O-])I", ["Iodipamide dimeglumine is an organoammonium salt obtained by reaction of adipiodone with two equivalents of 1-deoxy-1-(methylamino)-D-glucitol. It is a contrast agent used in diagnostic imaging. It has a role as a radioopaque medium. It contains an adipiodone(2-).", "Iodipamide Meglumine is the meglumine salt form of iodipamide, a tri-iodinated benzoate derivative and an ionic dimeric contrast agent used in diagnostic imaging. When administered in vivo, iodipamide is removed from the liver and secreted into the biliary tract. Like other organic iodine compounds, this agent blocks x-ray and appears opaque on x-ray film; thereby it enhances the visibility of the bile ducts and gallbladder during cholangiography and cholecystography procedures."]], ["7-[[2-(5-Amino-1,2,4-thiadiazol-3-yl)-2-hydroxyiminoacetyl]amino]-3-[[1-[1-[(5-methyl-2-oxo-1,3-dioxol-4-yl)methoxycarbonyl]pyrrolidin-3-yl]-2-oxopyrrolidin-3-ylidene]methyl]-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid", "CC1=C(OC(=O)O1)COC(=O)N2CCC(C2)N3CCC(=CC4=C(N5C(C(C5=O)NC(=O)C(=NO)C6=NSC(=N6)N)SC4)C(=O)O)C3=O", ["Ceftobiprole Medocaril is a water-soluble prodrug of ceftobiprole, a pyrrolidinone cephalosporin antibiotic, with bactericidal activity. Ceftobiprole binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), enzymes involved in the terminal stages of bacterial cell wall assembly and cell wall reshaping during bacterial growth and division. This agent exhibits a broad spectrum of activity against gram-negative and gram-positive pathogens including methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus (VISA) and vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (VRSA). Ceftobiprole is refractory to hydrolysis by class A and class C lactamases."]], ["Sunvozertinib", "CC(C)(C1=CC(=C(C=C1NC2=NC(=NC=C2)NC3=C(C=C(C(=C3)NC(=O)C=C)N4CC[C@H](C4)N(C)C)OC)Cl)F)O", ["Sunvozertinib is an orally available, irreversible, dual kinase inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) that shows similar activity against certain activating mutations, including exon 20 insertions (exon20ins), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration,sunvozertinib binds to and inhibits EGFR and HER2, which may result in the inhibition of tumor growth and angiogenesis, and tumor regression in EGFR/HER2-expressing tumors. EGFR and HER2 are receptor tyrosine kinases that play major roles in tumor cell proliferation and tumor vascularization. In contrast to other agents active against exon20ins mutations, sunvozertinib appears to be more selective against mutated EGFR than wild-type (wt) EGFR. This may lessen wtEGFR-related dose-limiting toxicity and may allow for the administration of the desired therapeutic dose of sunvozertinib."]], ["Azenosertib", "CC[C@]1(CCC2=C1N=C(C=C2)N3C4=NC(=NC=C4C(=O)N3CC=C)NC5=CC=C(C=C5)N6CCN(CC6)C)O", ["Wee1 Inhibitor ZN-c3 is an inhibitor of the tyrosine kinase Wee1 (Wee1-like protein kinase; Wee1A kinase; WEE1hu) with potential antineoplastic sensitizing activity. Although the exact mechanism of action by which this agent inhibits Wee1 has yet to be disclosed, upon administration of ZN-c3, this agent targets and inhibits Wee1. Inhibition of Wee1 promotes both premature mitosis and a prolonged mitotic arrest leading to cell death in susceptible tumor cells, such as p53-deficient or mutated human cancers that lack the G1 checkpoint, upon treatment with DNA-damaging chemotherapeutic agents. Unlike normal cells, most p53-deficient or mutated human cancers lack the G1 checkpoint as p53 is the key regulator of the G1 checkpoint and these cells rely on the G2 checkpoint for DNA repair to damaged cells. Annulment of the G2 checkpoint may therefore make p53-deficient tumor cells more vulnerable to antineoplastic agents and enhance their cytotoxic effect. Overexpression of Wee1 occurs in several cancer types and high expression of Wee1 is associated with poor outcomes. Wee1 phosphorylates Cdc2 in the Cdc2/cyclin B (CDK1/cyclin B) complex which blocks progression from G2 into mitosis; it negatively regulates the G2 checkpoint by disallowing entry into mitosis in response to DNA damage."]], ["(1'R,2R,3S,4'S,6S,8'R,10'Z,12'S,14'Z,16'Z,20'R,21'R,24'S)-2-cyclohexyl-21',24'-dihydroxy-12'-[(2R,4S,6S)-5-[(2S,4S,5S,6S)-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-4-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-3,11',13',22'-tetramethylspiro[2,3-dihydropyran-6,6'-3,7,19-trioxatetracyclo[15.6.1.14,8.020,24]pentacosa-10,14,16,22-tetraene]-2'-one", "C[C@H]1C=C[C@]2(C[C@@H]3C[C@H](O2)C/C=C(\\[C@H](C(/C=C\\C=C/4\\CO[C@H]5[C@@]4([C@@H](C=C([C@H]5O)C)C(=O)O3)O)C)O[C@H]6C[C@@H](C([C@@H](O6)C)O[C@H]7C[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O7)C)O)OC)OC)/C)O[C@@H]1C8CCCCC8", ["(1'R,2R,3S,4'S,6S,8'R,10'Z,12'S,14'Z,16'Z,20'R,21'R,24'S)-2-cyclohexyl-21',24'-dihydroxy-12'-[(2R,4S,6S)-5-[(2S,4S,5S,6S)-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-4-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-3,11',13',22'-tetramethylspiro[2,3-dihydropyran-6,6'-3,7,19-trioxatetracyclo[15.6.1.14,8.020,24]pentacosa-10,14,16,22-tetraene]-2'-one is a natural product found in Streptomyces avermitilis with data available."]], ["N-[(6S,9S,11R,15S,18S,20R,21S,24S,25S)-21-(2-aminoethylamino)-3-[(1R)-3-amino-1-hydroxypropyl]-6-[(1S,2S)-1,2-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-11,20,25-trihydroxy-15-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-2,5,8,14,17,23-hexaoxo-1,4,7,13,16,22-hexazatricyclo[22.3.0.09,13]heptacosan-18-yl]-10,12-dimethyltetradecanamide", "CCC(C)CC(C)CCCCCCCCC(=O)N[C@H]1C[C@H]([C@H](NC(=O)[C@@H]2[C@H](CCN2C(=O)C(NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H]3C[C@H](CN3C(=O)[C@@H](NC1=O)[C@@H](C)O)O)[C@@H]([C@H](C4=CC=C(C=C4)O)O)O)[C@@H](CCN)O)O)NCCN)O", ["N-[(6S,9S,11R,15S,18S,20R,21S,24S,25S)-21-(2-aminoethylamino)-3-[(1R)-3-amino-1-hydroxypropyl]-6-[(1S,2S)-1,2-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-11,20,25-trihydroxy-15-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-2,5,8,14,17,23-hexaoxo-1,4,7,13,16,22-hexazatricyclo[22.3.0.09,13]heptacosan-18-yl]-10,12-dimethyltetradecanamide is a natural product found in Glarea lozoyensis with data available.", "Caspofungin is an antimycotic echinocandin lipopeptide, semisynthetically derived from a fermentation product of the fungus Glarea lozoyensis. Caspofungin inhibits 1,3-beta-glucan synthase, resulting in decreased synthesis of beta(1,3)-D-glucan (an essential component of the fungal cell wall), weakening of the fungal cell wall, and fungal cell wall rupture. This agent is active against Aspergillus and Candida species.", "A cyclic lipopeptide echinocandin and beta-(1,3)-D-glucan synthase inhibitor that is used to treat internal or systemic MYCOSES."]], ["Lancovutide", "C[C@H]1[C@@H]2C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@H]3CSC[C@@H]4C(=O)N[C@@H](CS1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CNCCCC[C@H](NC(=O)[C@@H]([C@@H](SC[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N4)CCC(=O)N)CCCCN)N)C)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@@H](NC3=O)[C@H](C(=O)O)O)CC(=O)N)C(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)NCC(=O)N5CCC[C@H]5C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N2)CC6=CC=CC=C6)CC7=CC=CC=C7)C(C)C)CC8=CC=CC=C8", ["Lancovutide, a peptide antibiotic, is in clinical development for the treatment of cystic fibrosis. Lancovutide is a 19-amino-acid tetracyclic peptide produced by Streptoverticillium cinnamoneus and is closely related to cinnamycin (Ro09-0198). It belongs to the lantibiotics. Lantibiotics are bacteriocins that are characterized by the presence of a high proportion of unusual amino acids."]], ["Enitociclib", "COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)F)C2=CC(=NC=C2F)NC3=NC=CC(=C3)C[S@@](=N)(=O)C", ["Enitociclib is an inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9), the catalytic subunit of the RNA polymerase II (RNA Pol II) elongation factor positive transcription elongation factor b (PTEF- b; PTEFb), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, enitociclib binds to and blocks the phosphorylation and kinase activity of CDK9, thereby preventing PTEFb-mediated activation of RNA Pol II and leading to the inhibition of gene transcription of various anti-apoptotic proteins. This may cause cell cycle arrest and induce apoptosis, which may lead to a reduction in tumor cell proliferation. The protein complex PTEF-b, a heterodimer consisting of CDK9 and a regulatory cyclin subunit of the T family, is over-activated in various tumor cell types; it plays a key role in the regulation of Pol II-mediated transcription of anti-apoptotic proteins. Tumor cells are dependent on anti-apoptotic proteins for their survival."]], ["7-[[2-(5-Amino-1,2,4-thiadiazol-3-yl)-2-hydroxyiminoacetyl]amino]-8-oxo-3-[(2-oxo-1-pyrrolidin-3-ylpyrrolidin-3-ylidene)methyl]-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid", "C1CNCC1N2CCC(=CC3=C(N4C(C(C4=O)NC(=O)C(=NO)C5=NSC(=N5)N)SC3)C(=O)O)C2=O", ["Ceftobiprole is a broad-spectrum, fifth-generation, pyrrolidinone cephalosporin with antibacterial activity. Ceftobiprole binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall. PBPs are enzymes involved in the terminal stages of assembling the bacterial cell wall and in reshaping the cell wall during growth and division. Inactivation of PBPs interferes with the cross-linkage of peptidoglycan chains necessary for bacterial cell wall strength and rigidity. This results in the weakening of the bacterial cell wall and causes cell lysis."]], ["1-(3-Chloroprop-2-enyl)-3,5,7-triaza-1-azoniatricyclo[3.3.1.13,7]decane;chloride", "C1N2CN3CN1C[N+](C2)(C3)CC=CCl.[Cl-]", ["Quaternium-15 is a quaternary ammonium salt used as a surfactant and preservative in many products including cosmetics. It is an anti-microbial agent by virtue of being a formaldehyde releaser, however this can also cause contact dermatitis, a symptom of an allergic reaction, especially in those with sensitive skin. In 2005, Quaternium-15 was named in the top 15 most frequently positive allergens identified in patch tests by the North American Contact Dermatitis Group (NACDG).  Sensitivity to Quaternium-15 may be identified with a clinical patch test."]], ["AEOL-10150 (pentachloride)", "CCN1C=C[N+](=C1C2=C3C=CC(=C(C4=NC(=C(C5=CC=C([N-]5)C(=C6C=CC2=N6)C7=[N+](C=CN7CC)CC)C8=[N+](C=CN8CC)CC)C=C4)C9=[N+](C=CN9CC)CC)[N-]3)CC.[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Mn+3]", ["AEOL 10150 is developed by Aeolus as a therapeutic agents based on its proprietary small molecule catalytic antioxidants."]], ["CID 140538697", "C1CN(CC2=NC(=CC=C2)CN(CCN1C(CCC(=O)NCC(CO)O)C(=O)[O-])C(CCC(=O)NCC(CO)O)C(=O)[O-])C(CCC(=O)NCC(CO)O)C(=O)[O-].[Gd+3]", ["Gadopiclenol is a gadolinium-based contrast agent (GBCA) based on a pyclen macrocyclic structure. It is indicated for use with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to detect and visualize lesions with abnormal vascularity in the central nervous system and the body. In 2006, the use of GBCAs was associated with the development of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF), a rare disorder characterized by the thickening and hardening of skin and subcutaneous tissues. However, studies revealed that NSF was associated with linear GBCAs, not macrocyclic GBCAs, such as gadopiclenol. Gadopiclenol has high kinetic stability and a high r1 relaxivity, allowing it to be used at lower doses than classic extracellular GBCAs.   In September 2022, the use of gadopiclenol was approved by the FDA. The product label includes a black box warning regarding the increased risk for NSF among patients with impaired elimination of the drugs."]], ["Fostroxacitabine bralpamide", "CCC[C@H](C)OC(=O)[C@H](C)N[P@](=O)(OC[C@H]1OC[C@H](O1)N2C=CC(=NC2=O)N)OC3=CC=C(C=C3)Br", ["Fostroxacitabine Bralpamide is a liver-targeting nucleotide phosphoramidate prodrug of troxacitabine monophosphate (TRX-MP), a dioxolane derivative and L-configuration deoxycytidine analogue, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, fostroxacitabine bralpamide is rapidly and specifically hydrolyzed in hepatocytes by liver carboxylesterase 1 (carboxylesterase 1, CE-1), generating high levels of the chain-terminating nucleotide, troxacitabine triphosphate (TRX-TP) in the liver. TRX-TP is then incorporated into tumor cell DNA, leading to termination of DNA synthesis and inhibition of tumor cell proliferation."]], ["Dirocaftor", "C[Si](C)(C)C1=CC(=C(C=C1NC(=O)C2=CNC3=CC=CC=C3C2=O)O)[Si](C)(C)C", ["Dirocaftor is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03251092 (Study Designed to Assess the Safety, Tolerability and PK of PTI-808 in Healthy Volunteers and in Adults With Cystic Fibrosis)."]], ["carbanide;cobalt(3+);[5-(5,6-dimethylbenzimidazol-1-yl)-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl] 1-[3-[(3R,13S,18S,19R)-2,13,18-tris(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-7,12,17-tris(3-amino-3-oxopropyl)-3,5,8,8,13,15,18,19-octamethyl-2,7,12,17-tetrahydro-1H-corrin-24-id-3-yl]propanoylamino]propan-2-yl phosphate", "[CH3-].CC1=CC2=C(C=C1C)N(C=N2)C3C(C(C(O3)CO)OP(=O)([O-])OC(C)CNC(=O)CC[C@@]4(C(C5[C@]6([C@@](C(C(=C(C7=NC(=CC8=NC(=C(C4=N5)C)C(C8(C)C)CCC(=O)N)C([C@]7(C)CC(=O)N)CCC(=O)N)C)[N-]6)CCC(=O)N)(C)CC(=O)N)C)CC(=O)N)C)O.[Co+3]", ["Mecobalamin is a synthetic and active form of vitamin B12 that can cross the blood brain barrier without biotransformation, that may be used to treat or prevent vitamin B12 deficiency and its complications. Upon administration, mecobalamin is able to replace endogenous vitamin B12, increase vitamin B12 levels and improve vitamin B12 deficiency. Vitamin B12 is necessary for hematopoiesis, neural metabolism, DNA and RNA production, and carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism. It improves iron functions in the metabolic cycle and assists folic acid in choline synthesis. Its metabolism is interconnected with that of folic acid."]], ["Stakel", "CC[C@@H]1[C@H](C2=NC1=CC3=C(C(=C([N-]3)C(=C4[C@H]([C@@H](C(=N4)C=C5C(=C(C(=C2)[N-]5)C(=O)C)C)C)CCC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)OC)C(=O)NCCS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C.[Pd+2]", ["Padeliporfin is a vascular-acting photosensitizer consisting of a water-soluble, palladium-substituted bacteriochlorophyll derivative with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, paldeliporfin is activated locally when the tumor bed is exposed to low-power laser light; reactive oxygen species (ROS) are formed upon activation and ROS-mediated necrosis may occur at the site of interaction between the photosensitizer, light and oxygen. Vascular-targeted photodynamic therapy (VTP) with padeliporfin may allow tumor-site specific cytotoxicity while sparing adjacent normal tissues."]], ["3-[(2S,3S,12R,13R)-8-acetyl-13-ethyl-20-(2-methoxy-2-oxoethyl)-3,7,12,17-tetramethyl-18-(2-sulfonatoethylcarbamoyl)-2,3,12,13-tetrahydroporphyrin-22,24-diid-2-yl]propanoate;hydron;palladium(2+)", "[H+].[H+].CC[C@@H]1[C@H](C2=NC1=CC3=C(C(=C([N-]3)C(=C4[C@H]([C@@H](C(=N4)C=C5C(=C(C(=C2)[N-]5)C(=O)C)C)C)CCC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)OC)C(=O)NCCS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C.[Pd+2]", ["Padeliporfin is a vascular-acting photosensitizer consisting of a water-soluble, palladium-substituted bacteriochlorophyll derivative with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, paldeliporfin is activated locally when the tumor bed is exposed to low-power laser light; reactive oxygen species (ROS) are formed upon activation and ROS-mediated necrosis may occur at the site of interaction between the photosensitizer, light and oxygen. Vascular-targeted photodynamic therapy (VTP) with padeliporfin may allow tumor-site specific cytotoxicity while sparing adjacent normal tissues."]], ["F-18 Pmpbb3", "CNC1=NC=C(C=C1)/C=C/C=C/C2=NC3=C(S2)C=C(C=C3)OCC(C[18F])O", ["PMPBB3 F-18 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT04305210 (Alzheimer's Disease: Clinical Investigation and Neuroimage Studies Including 18F-PM-PBB3 and 18f-florbetapir (AV-45) PET Examination)."]], ["[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-[[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl] (1S,2R,4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8R,8aS,9R,10R,11R,12aR,14bS)-8,10,11-trihydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-1,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-2,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydro-1H-picene-4a-carboxylate", "C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(C[C@H]([C@H]5[C@@]4(C[C@H]([C@@H]([C@@]5(C)CO)O)O)C)O)C)[C@@H]2[C@H]1C)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO[C@H]7[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O7)CO)O[C@H]8[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O8)C)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O", ["[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-[[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl] (1S,2R,4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8R,8aS,9R,10R,11R,12aR,14bS)-8,10,11-trihydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-1,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-2,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydro-1H-picene-4a-carboxylate is a natural product found in Centella asiatica with data available."]], ["3,8,13,18-tetramethyl-2,7,12,17-Porphinetetrapropionate", "CC1=C(C2=CC3=NC(=CC4=C(C(=C(N4)C=C5C(=C(C(=N5)C=C1N2)CCC(=O)O)C)CCC(=O)O)C)C(=C3C)CCC(=O)O)CCC(=O)O", ["3,8,13,18-tetramethyl-2,7,12,17-Porphinetetrapropionate is a natural product found in Homo sapiens with data available."]], ["2-(11,17-dihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-3-oxo-2,3,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl)-2-oxoethyl 3-((nitrooxy)methyl)benzoate", "CC12CCC(=O)C=C1CCC3C2C(CC4(C3CCC4(C(=O)COC(=O)C5=CC=CC(=C5)CO[N+](=O)[O-])O)C)O", ["NCX is an NO-releasing derivative of hydrocortisone."]], ["CID 145994602", "CC[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(=N[C@@H](C)C(=N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=N[C@@H](CC(=O)O)C(=N[C@@H](CO)C(=N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N2CCC[C@H]2C(=N[C@@H](C)C(=N[C@@H](CC(=N)O)C(=N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=N[C@@H](CC(=O)O)C(=O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)N=C([C@H](C(C)C)N=C([C@H](CCCNC(=N)N)N=C([C@H](CC(C)C)N=C([C@H](CC(C)C)N=C([C@H](C)N=C([C@H](C(C)C)N=C(CN=C(CN=C(CN=C([C@H](CC(C)C)N=C([C@H](C(C)C)N)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O", ["DiaPep 277 is a 24-mer laboratory-made peptide derived from Hsp60(437-460)."]], ["Aluminum;2-aminoacetate;zirconium(4+);chloride;dihydrate", "C(C(=O)[O-])N.O.O.[Al+3].[Cl-].[Zr+4]", ["Aluminum zirconium octachlorohydrex gly is complex that consists of aluminum zirconium octachlorohydrate and glycine. It is an active antiperspirant agent,. It diffuses into the sweat pores and prevents perspiration (sweat) from leaving the pores. The anhydrous form of the compound also has water-absorbing properties. Currently, the FDA allows the inclusion of this substance in concentrations of up to 20% in antiperspirants.  Interestingly, this chemical has been studied in relation to its possible impact on the microbiome of the human underarms."]], ["[Hydroxy(oxido)phosphoryl] phosphate;2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate;iron(3+);phosphono dihydrogen phosphate", "C(C(=O)[O-])C(CC(=O)[O-])(C(=O)[O-])O.C(C(=O)[O-])C(CC(=O)[O-])(C(=O)[O-])O.C(C(=O)[O-])C(CC(=O)[O-])(C(=O)[O-])O.OP(=O)(O)OP(=O)(O)O.OP(=O)(O)OP(=O)(O)O.OP(=O)([O-])OP(=O)([O-])[O-].[Fe+3].[Fe+3].[Fe+3].[Fe+3]", ["Ferric pyrophosphate citrate is a soluble iron replacement product. Free iron presents several side effects as it can catalyze free radical formation and lipid peroxidation as well as the presence of interactions of iron in plasma. The ferric ion is strongly complexed by pyrophosphate and citrate. FPC is categorized in Japan as a second class OTC drug. This category is given to drugs with ingredients that in rare cases may cause health problems requiring hospitalization or worst. It is also FDA approved since 2015."]], ["(7S,11S,12S,13S,14R,15R,16R,17S,18S,19Z,21Z)-26-[(E)-(4-cyclopentylpiperazin-1-yl)iminomethyl]-2,13,15,17,27,29-hexahydroxy-11-methoxy-3,7,12,14,16,18,22-heptamethyl-8,30-dioxa-24-azatetracyclo[23.3.1.14,7.05,28]triaconta-1(29),2,4,9,19,21,25,27-octaene-6,23-dione", "C[C@H]1/C=C\\C=C(/C(=O)NC2=C(C(=C3C(=C2O)C(=C(C4=C3C(=O)[C@](O4)(OC=C[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]1O)C)O)C)O)C)OC)C)C)O)O)/C=N/N5CCN(CC5)C6CCCC6)\\C", ["25-desacetylrifapentine is under investigation in clinical trial NCT00023387 (TBTC Study 25PK: Intensive Pharmacokinetic Study of Three Doses of Rifapentine and 25-Desacetyl Rifapentine)."]], ["2-[(4R,10S,16S,19R,28R,31S)-31-benzyl-10-[(2S)-butan-2-yl]-19-butyl-13,22-bis(3-carbamimidamidopropyl)-4-[[(2S)-1-[(2S,5R)-2-(3-carbamimidamidopropyl)-5-carbamoyl-3-oxopiperazin-1-yl]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]carbamoyl]-37-(heptanoylamino)-7-(hydroxymethyl)-34-(1H-imidazol-4-ylmethyl)-28-methyl-6,9,12,15,18,21,24,27,30,33,36-undecaoxo-1,2-dithia-5,8,11,14,17,20,23,26,29,32,35-undecazacyclooctatriacont-16-yl]acetic acid", "CCCCCCC(=O)NC1CSSC[C@H](NC(=O)C(NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)C(NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](NC(=O)C(NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)C(NC1=O)CC2=CNC=N2)CC3=CC=CC=C3)C)CCCNC(=N)N)CCCC)CC(=O)O)CCCNC(=N)N)[C@@H](C)CC)CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC4=CC=C(C=C4)O)C(=O)N5C[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H]5CCCNC(=N)N)C(=O)N", ["PL-3994 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01304628 (Cross-Over Study of Subcutaneous Study Drug for the Treatment of Patients With Mild to Moderate Asthma)."]], ["2-[4-[2-[[(2R)-1-[[(10S,13R,19R)-10-(4-aminobutyl)-4-[[(2R,3R)-1,3-dihydroxybutan-2-yl]carbamoyl]-7-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-16-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-13-(1H-indol-3-ylmethyl)-6,9,12,15,18-pentaoxo-1,2-dithia-5,8,11,14,17-pentazacycloicos-19-yl]amino]-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]-7,10-bis(carboxylatomethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetrazacyclododec-1-yl]acetate;gallium-68(3+)", "C[C@H](C1C(=O)NC(CSSC[C@@H](C(=O)NC(C(=O)N[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N1)CCCCN)CC2=CNC3=CC=CC=C32)CC4=CC=C(C=C4)O)NC(=O)[C@@H](CC5=CC=CC=C5)NC(=O)CN6CCN(CCN(CCN(CC6)CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])C(=O)N[C@H](CO)[C@@H](C)O)O.[68Ga+3]", ["Edotreotide gallium Ga-68 is an 8 amino acid peptide bound to the chelator 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA). Edotreotide gallium Ga-68 is indicated for localizing somatostatin receptor positive neuroendocrine tumors by positron emission tomography. [Dotatate gallium Ga-68] is used for a similar indication. Dotatate gallium Ga-68 has lower tumor uptake but this data is highly variable between patients.  Edotreotide gallium Ga-68 was granted FDA approval on 21 August 2019."]], ["zinc;3-azanidylpropanoyl-[(1S)-1-carboxy-2-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)ethyl]azanide", "C1=C(NC=N1)C[C@@H](C(=O)O)[N-]C(=O)CC[NH-].[Zn+2]", ["Polaprezinc is an orally bioavailable chelate composed of zinc and L-carnosine, with potential gastroprotective, anti-oxidant, anti-ulcer and anti-inflammatory activities. Upon administration, polaprezinc increases the expression of various anti-oxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD-1), SOD-2, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px), peroxidredoxin-1 (PRDX1; PRXI) and PRXD5 (PRXV) in the gastric mucosa, which protect cells against reactive oxygen species (ROS). In addition, this agent inhibits the activity of the transcription factor nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and reduces the expression of several pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL) 1beta, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a). Polaprezinc also increases the expression of various growth factors, such as platelet-derived growth factor-B (PDGF-B), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and nerve growth factor (NGF), and various heat shock proteins (HSPs), including HSP90, HSP70, HSP60, HSP47, HSP27, and HSP10. This protects against damages to, and accelerates healing of the gastric mucosa."]], ["F1CB00L2RH", "C1=CC=C2C=C(C=CC2=C1)C[C@@H](C(=O)NCCCC[C@@H](C(=O)O)NC(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)O)NC(=O)C3=CC=C(C=C3)CNC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)O)NC(=O)C4=CN=C(C=C4)[18F]", ["Fluorine F 18 PSMA-1007 is a radioconjugate containing the human prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeting ligand, PSMA-1007, labeled with the radioisotope fluorine F 18, with potential imaging activity using positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT). Upon administration of fluorine F 18 PSMA-1007, the PSMA-1007 moiety targets and binds to PSMA-expressing tumor cells. This allows for visualization of PSMA-expressing cells upon imaging. PSMA, a tumor-associated antigen (TAA) and type II transmembrane protein, is expressed on the membrane of prostatic epithelial cells and strongly overexpressed in prostate cancer (PCa) cells, with its level rising with increasing tumor differentiation and in hormone-refractory cancers."]], ["SR123781A [Who-DD]", "COC[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O1)O[C@@H]2[C@H](O[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]2OC)OC)O[C@@H]3[C@H](O[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]3OC)OC)O[C@H]4[C@H](O[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]4OC)OC)O[C@H]5[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O[C@H]5C(=O)[O-])O[C@@H]6[C@H](O[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]6OS(=O)(=O)[O-])OS(=O)(=O)[O-])O[C@H]7[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](O[C@H]7C(=O)[O-])O[C@@H]8[C@H](O[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]8OC)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])OC)COS(=O)(=O)[O-])OC)OC)COS(=O)(=O)[O-])OC)OC)COS(=O)(=O)[O-])COC)COC)OC)OC)O[C@@H]9[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O9)COC)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O1)COC)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O1)COC)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O1)COC)O[C@@H]1[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O1)COS(=O)(=O)[O-])O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O1)COS(=O)(=O)[O-])O[C@@H]1[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O1)COS(=O)(=O)[O-])O[C@@H]1[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O1)COS(=O)(=O)[O-])OS(=O)(=O)[O-])OS(=O)(=O)[O-])OS(=O)(=O)[O-])OS(=O)(=O)[O-])OS(=O)(=O)[O-])OS(=O)(=O)[O-])OS(=O)(=O)[O-])OC)OC)OC)OC)OC)OC)OC)OC)OC)OC.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+]", ["SR-123781A  is a synthetic hexadecasaccharide Factor IIa and Xa antagonist.  It is under investigation by Sanofi-Aventis and Organon for the treatment of thrombosis and acute coronary syndromes (ACS)."]], ["cobalt(3+);[5-(5,6-dimethylbenzimidazol-1-yl)-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl] 1-[3-[2,13,18-tris(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-7,12,17-tris(3-amino-3-oxopropyl)-3,5,8,8,13,15,18,19-octamethyl-2,7,12,17-tetrahydro-1H-corrin-21-id-3-yl]propanoylamino]propan-2-yl phosphate;hydroxide", "CC1=CC2=C(C=C1C)N(C=N2)C3C(C(C(O3)CO)OP(=O)([O-])OC(C)CNC(=O)CCC4(C(C5C6(C(C(C(=N6)C(=C7C(C(C(=N7)C=C8C(C(C(=N8)C(=C4[N-]5)C)CCC(=O)N)(C)C)CCC(=O)N)(C)CC(=O)N)C)CCC(=O)N)(C)CC(=O)N)C)CC(=O)N)C)O.[OH-].[Co+3]", ["Hydroxocobalamin is a synthetic form of vitamin B12 that can be used as a dietary supplement to treat vitamin B12 deficiency. Upon administration, hydroxocobalamin mimics vitamin B12 and acts as an essential cofactor in various cellular reactions required for cell growth and replication, and hematopoiesis.", "Injectable form of VITAMIN B 12 that has been used therapeutically to treat VITAMIN B 12 DEFICIENCY."]], ["(4aS,7aR)-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-4a,9-dihydroxy-3-methyl-2,4,5,6,7a,13-hexahydro-1H-4,12-methanobenzofuro[3,2-e]isoquinolin-3-ium-7-one;bromide", "C[N+]1(CCC23[C@@H]4C(=O)CC[C@]2(C1CC5=C3C(=C(C=C5)O)O4)O)CC6CC6.[Br-]", ["Methylnaltrexone Bromide is the bromide salt form of methylnaltrexone, a methyl derivative of noroxymorphone with selective, peripherally-acting mu-opioid receptor antagonistic activity. Methylnaltrexone displaces opioids from peripheral opioid receptors in the gastrointestinal tract, the bladder, and the skin, thereby reversing the opioid-related peripheral side-effects, such as constipation, urinary retention, and pruritis, respectively. Unlike naltrexone and due to the presence of a positively charged nitrogen atom in methylnaltrexone, this agent does not cross the blood-brain barrier and does not affect the centrally-mediated analgesic effect of opioids."]], ["Pledox", "CC1=NC=C(C(=C1O)CN(CCN(CC2=C(C(=NC=C2COP(=O)(O)[O-])C)O)CC(=O)O)CC(=O)O)COP(=O)(O)[O-].CC1=NC=C(C(=C1O)CN(CCN(CC2=C(C(=NC=C2COP(=O)(O)[O-])C)O)CC(=O)O)CC(=O)O)COP(=O)(O)[O-].CC1=NC=C(C(=C1O)CN(CCN(CC2=C(C(=NC=C2COP(=O)(O)[O-])C)O)CC(=O)O)CC(=O)O)COP(=O)(O)[O-].CC1=NC=C(C(=C1O)CN(CCN(CC2=C(C(=NC=C2COP(=O)(O)[O-])C)O)CC(=O)O)CC(=O)O)COP(=O)(O)[O-].CC1=NC=C(C(=C1O)CN(CCN(CC2=C(C(=NC=C2COP(=O)(O)[O-])C)O)CC(=O)O)CC(=O)O)COP(=O)(O)[O-].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Mn+2]", ["PLED-based MnSOD Mimetic is a derivative of pyridoxyl ethyldiamine (PLED) and mimetic of the human mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), with antioxidant, metal chelating and potential chemoprotective activities. Upon administration, PLED-based MnSOD mimetic mimics MnSOD and scavenges oxygen free radicals such as superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radical, thereby preventing oxygen free radical damage to macromolecules such as DNA and minimizing oxygen free radical-related chemotoxicity in normal tissues. In addition, this agent is able to strongly bind to iron."]], ["Mangafodipir [vandf]", "[H+].[H+].[H+].[H+].CC1=NC=C(C(=C1O)CN(CCN(CC2=C(C(=NC=C2COP(=O)([O-])[O-])C)O)CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])COP(=O)([O-])[O-].[Mn+2]", ["Mangafodipir is a Paramagnetic Contrast Agent. The mechanism of action of mangafodipir is as a Magnetic Resonance Contrast Activity."]], ["Magnafodipir sodium", "[H+].CC1=NC=C(C(=C1O)CN(CCN(CC2=C(C(=NC=C2COP(=O)([O-])[O-])C)O)CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])COP(=O)([O-])[O-].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Mn+2]", ["Mangafodipir Trisodium is the trisodium salt of mangafodipir with potential antioxidant and chemoprotective activities. Consisting of manganese (II) ions chelated to fodipir (dipyridoxyl diphosphate or DPDP), mangafodipir scavenges oxygen free radicals such as superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radical, potentially preventing oxygen free radical damage to macromolecules such as DNA and minimizing oxygen free radical-related chemotoxicity in normal tissues. However, this agent may potentiate the chemotherapy-induced generation of oxygen free radicals in tumor cells, resulting in the potentiation of chemotherapy-induced cytotoxicity; tumor cells, with higher levels of reactive oxygen species than normal cells, possess a lower threshold for oxygen free radical-mediated cytotoxicity. Mangafodipir is traditionally used as an imaging agent in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)."]], ["Belumosudil mesylate", "CC(C)NC(=O)COC1=CC=CC(=C1)C2=NC=C3C(=N2)C=CC=C3NC4=CC5=C(C=C4)NN=C5.CS(=O)(=O)O", ["Belumosudil Mesylate is the mesylate salt form of belumosudil, an orally bioavailable inhibitor of Rho-associated coiled-coil kinase 2 (ROCK2; ROCK-II), with potential immunomodulating activity. Upon oral administration, belumosudil binds to and inhibits the serine/threonine kinase activity of ROCK2. This inhibits ROCK2-mediated signal transduction pathways and modulates various pro- and anti-inflammatory immune cell responses through the regulation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 and 5 (STAT3/STAT5) phosphorylation. This downregulates pro-inflammatory Th17 cells and increases regulatory T (Treg) cells. Belumosudil also inhibits ROCK2-mediated fibrotic processes, including stress fiber formation, myofibroblast activation and pro-fibrotic gene transcription. ROCK2 is upregulated in various diseases, including various fibrotic, neurodegenerative and autoimmune diseases."]], ["Mobocertinib succinate", "CC(C)OC(=O)C1=CN=C(N=C1C2=CN(C3=CC=CC=C32)C)NC4=C(C=C(C(=C4)NC(=O)C=C)N(C)CCN(C)C)OC.C(CC(=O)O)C(=O)O", ["Mobocertinib Succinate is the succinate salt form of mobocertinib, an orally available inhibitor of human epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) exon 20 insertion mutations, with antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, mobocertinib, and its active metabolites, specifically and irreversibly binds to and inhibits exon 20 insertion mutations of EGFR. This prevents EGFR-mediated signaling and leads to cell death in tumor cells expressing exon 20 insertion mutations. In addition, mobocertinib may inhibit the activity of other EGFR family members, such as human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2; ERBB2) and HER4. EGFR, HER-2 and -4 are receptor tyrosine kinases often mutated in numerous tumor cell types. They play key roles in tumor cell proliferation and tumor vascularization."]], ["Atamparib", "C[C@@H](COCCC(=O)N1CCN(CC1)C2=NC=C(C=N2)C(F)(F)F)NC3=C(C(=O)NN=C3)C(F)(F)F", ["Atamparib is an orally available small molecule inhibitor of the nuclear enzyme poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) 7, with potential immunomodulating and antineoplastic activities. Upon oral administration,atamparib selectively binds to PARP7 and restores interferon (type 1) signaling.  This may lead to the induction of both innate and adaptive immune responses, and the inhibition of tumor growth and proliferation. PARP catalyzes post-translational ADP-ribosylation of nuclear proteins that signal and recruit other proteins to repair damaged DNA."]], ["3-[[(1S,3S,5S,6S,8S,11S,13S,16S,18S,20S,21S,23S,25S,26S,28S,30S,31S,33S,35S,36S,38S,41R,42R,43R,44R,45R,46R,47R,48R,49R,50R,51R,52R,53R,54R,55R,56R)-10,15,20,25,30,35,40-heptakis(2-carboxyethylsulfanylmethyl)-41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56-hexadecahydroxy-2,4,7,9,12,14,17,19,22,24,27,29,32,34,37,39-hexadecaoxanonacyclo[36.2.2.23,6.28,11.213,16.218,21.223,26.228,31.233,36]hexapentacontan-5-yl]methylsulfanyl]propanoic acid", "C(CSC[C@@H]1[C@@H]2[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](O1)O[C@@H]3[C@H](O[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]3O)O)O[C@@H]4[C@H](O[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]4O)O)O[C@H]5[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O[C@@H]7[C@H](O[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]7O)O)O[C@H]8[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O[C@@H]9[C@H](O[C@H](O2)[C@@H]([C@H]9O)O)CSCCC(=O)O)OC8CSCCC(=O)O)O)O)CSCCC(=O)O)OC6CSCCC(=O)O)O)O)OC5CSCCC(=O)O)O)O)CSCCC(=O)O)CSCCC(=O)O)O)O)C(=O)O", ["Sugammadex is a biologically inert, selective relaxant binding agent (SRBA) composed of a modified, anionic gamma cyclodextrin derivative containing a hydrophilic exterior and a hydrophobic core, with neuromuscular blocking drug (NMBD) reversal activity. Upon administration, the negatively charged carboxyl-thio-ether groups of sugammadex selectively and reversibly bind to the positively charged quaternary nitrogen of a steroidal NMBD, such as rocuronium and vecuronium, which was administered at an earlier time for anesthetic purposes. The encapsulation of the NMBD by sugammadex blocks its ability to bind to nicotinic receptors in the neuromuscular junction and thereby reverses the NMBD-induced neuromuscular blockade.", "A gamma-cyclodextrin that functions as a reversal agent for the neuromuscular blocker ROCURONIUM BROMIDE."]], ["cobalt(2+);[5-(5,6-dimethylbenzimidazol-1-yl)-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl] 1-[3-[(3R,13S,18S,19R)-2,13,18-tris(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-7,12,17-tris(3-amino-3-oxopropyl)-3,5,8,8,13,15,18,19-octamethyl-2,7,12,17-tetrahydro-1H-corrin-21-id-3-yl]propanoylamino]propan-2-yl phosphate;hydrate", "CC1=CC2=C(C=C1C)N(C=N2)C3C(C(C(O3)CO)OP(=O)([O-])OC(C)CNC(=O)CC[C@@]4(C(C5[C@]6([C@@](C(C(=N6)C(=C7[C@@](C(C(=N7)C=C8C(C(C(=N8)C(=C4[N-]5)C)CCC(=O)N)(C)C)CCC(=O)N)(C)CC(=O)N)C)CCC(=O)N)(C)CC(=O)N)C)CC(=O)N)C)O.O.[Co+2]", ["Hydroxocobalamin is a synthetic form of vitamin B12 that can be used as a dietary supplement to treat vitamin B12 deficiency. Upon administration, hydroxocobalamin mimics vitamin B12 and acts as an essential cofactor in various cellular reactions required for cell growth and replication, and hematopoiesis.", "Injectable form of VITAMIN B 12 that has been used therapeutically to treat VITAMIN B 12 DEFICIENCY."]], ["(1R)-12-[1-(4-chloro-3-methoxycyclohexyl)prop-1-en-2-yl]-17-ethyl-1,14-dihydroxy-23,25-dimethoxy-13,19,21,27-tetramethyl-11,28-dioxa-4-azatricyclo[22.3.1.04,9]octacos-18-ene-2,3,10,16-tetrone", "CCC1C=C(CC(CC(C2C(CC([C@@](O2)(C(=O)C(=O)N3CCCCC3C(=O)OC(C(C(CC1=O)O)C)C(=CC4CCC(C(C4)OC)Cl)C)O)C)OC)OC)C)C", ["Pimecrolimus is a 33-epi-chloro-derivative of the ascomycin macrolactam with immunosuppressant property. Pimecrolimus binds to the receptor macrophilin-12 (FKBP-12) forming a complex that blocks the calcium-dependent signal transduction cascade mediated by calcineurin. Via dephosphorylation, calcineurin is the enzyme responsible for activating nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NF-AT), a T cell transcriptional regulatory factor. As a consequence, the synthesis and release of Th1- (T helper 1) and Th2- (T helper 2) type cytokines, and other inflammatory mediators from T-cells and mast cells are blocked and the expression of signals essential for the activation of inflammatory T-lymphocytes is inhibited. However, pimecrolimus mode of action is cell-selective and does not affect Langerhans' cells/dendritic cells and primary fibroblasts."]], ["Bay 59-8862; idn 5109;SB-T 101131", "CC1=C2C(C(=O)[C@@]3(C(CC4[C@](C3C([C@@]5(C2(C)C)C(C1OC(=O)C(C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)OC(C)(C)C)O)OC(=O)O5)OC(=O)C6=CC=CC=C6)(CO4)OC(=O)C)O)C)OC(=O)C", ["Ortataxel is a semisynthetic, second-generation taxane derivative with potential antineoplastic activity. Ortataxel binds to and stabilizes tubulin molecules, thereby interfering with the dynamics of microtubule assembly/disassembly. This results in the inhibition of cell division and cellular proliferation. As it represents a poor substrate for P-glycoprotein (P-gp), multi-drug resistance protein (MRP-1) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) mediated efflux, ortataxel modulates multi-drug resistance mechanisms and may be useful for treating multi-drug resistant tumors that express Pgp, MRP-1 and BCRP."]], ["2-[5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-[[(10R,14S)-10,14,16,20-tetramethyl-22-azahexacyclo[12.10.0.02,11.05,10.015,23.017,22]tetracos-4-en-7-yl]oxy]-4-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol", "CC1CCC2C(C3C(N2C1)CC4[C@@]3(CCC5C4CC=C6[C@@]5(CCC(C6)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)CO)O)O)O)OC9C(C(C(C(O9)C)O)O)O)C)C)C", ["A mixture of alpha-chaconine and alpha-solanine, found in SOLANACEAE plants."]], ["methyl (1R,10S,12R)-11-acetyloxy-12-ethyl-4-[(13S)-17-ethyl-13-methoxycarbonyl-1,11-diazatetracyclo[13.3.1.04,12.05,10]nonadeca-4(12),5,7,9,16-pentaen-13-yl]-10-hydroxy-5-methoxy-8-methyl-8,16-diazapentacyclo[10.6.1.01,9.02,7.016,19]nonadeca-2,4,6,13-tetraene-10-carboxylate", "CCC1=CC2C[C@@](C3=C(CCN(C2)C1)C4=CC=CC=C4N3)(C5=C(C=C6C(=C5)[C@]78CCN9C7[C@@](C=CC9)(C([C@@](C8N6C)(C(=O)OC)O)OC(=O)C)CC)OC)C(=O)OC", ["Anhydrovinblastine is a semisynthetic derivative of the vinca alkaloid vinblastine, with potential antineoplastic activity. Like vinblastine, anhydrovinblastine targets and binds to tubulin and inhibits microtubule formation, resulting in disruption of mitotic spindle assembly and causing tumor cell cycle arrest in the M phase."]], ["Erythrocin Lactobionate", "CCC1[C@@](C(C(C(=O)C(C[C@@](C(C(C(C(C(=O)O1)C)OC2C[C@@](C(C(O2)C)O)(C)OC)C)OC3C(C(CC(O3)C)N(C)C)O)(C)O)C)C)O)(C)O.C(C1C(C(C(C(O1)OC(C(CO)O)C(C(C(=O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O", ["Erythromycin Lactobionate is the lactobionate salt form of erythromycin, a broad-spectrum, topical macrolide antibiotic with antibacterial activity. Erythromycin lactobionate diffuses through the bacterial cell membrane and reversibly binds to the 50S subunit of the bacterial ribosome. This prevents bacterial protein synthesis. Erythromycin lactobionate may be bacteriostatic or bactericidal in action, depending on the concentration of the drug at the site of infection and the susceptibility of the organism involved."]], ["[2-[(10S,13S,17R)-9-fluoro-11-hydroxy-10,13,16-trimethyl-3-oxo-17-propanoyloxy-6,7,8,11,12,14,15,16-octahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]-2-oxoethyl] propanoate", "CCC(=O)OCC(=O)[C@]1(C(CC2[C@@]1(CC(C3(C2CCC4=CC(=O)C=C[C@@]43C)F)O)C)C)OC(=O)CC", ["Betamethasone Dipropionate is the 17,21-dipropionate ester of betamethasone, a synthetic glucocorticoid with metabolic, immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory actions. Betamethasone dipropionate binds to specific intracellular glucocorticoid receptors and subsequently binds to DNA to modify gene expression. The synthesis of certain anti-inflammatory proteins is induced while the synthesis of certain inflammatory mediators is inhibited.  As a result, there is an overall reduction in chronic inflammation and autoimmune reactions."]], ["[(1R,10R,11S,14R,23S,25R)-1,10,11,12,14,23-hexahydroxy-6,10,19-trimethyl-24-oxa-4-azaheptacyclo[12.12.0.02,11.04,9.015,25.018,23.019,25]hexacosan-22-yl] 3,4-dimethoxybenzoate", "CC1CCC2[C@@]([C@]3(C(C[C@]4(C5CCC6[C@]7(C(CCC6([C@@]5(O7)C[C@]4(C3CN2C1)O)C)OC(=O)C8=CC(=C(C=C8)OC)OC)O)O)O)O)(C)O", ["A benzoate-cevane found in VERATRUM and Schoenocaulon. It activates SODIUM CHANNELS to stay open longer than normal."]], ["(1R)-22-(4-amino-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxy-1,3,26-trihydroxy-12-methyl-10-oxo-6,11,28-trioxatricyclo[22.3.1.05,7]octacosa-8,14,16,18,20-pentaene-25-carboxylic acid", "CC1CC=CC=CC=CC=CC(CC2C(C(C[C@](O2)(CC(CC3C(O3)C=CC(=O)O1)O)O)O)C(=O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)C)O)N)O", ["Natamycin is a polyene amphoteric macrolide antibiotic with antifungal properties. Natamycin exerts its antifungal effects by binding to sterols in the fungal cell membrane thereby increasing membrane permeability. This leads to a leakage and loss of essential cellular constituents. Following ocular application, natamycin is retained in the conjunctival fornices and attains effective concentrations within the corneal stroma where it exerts its effect.", "Amphoteric macrolide antifungal antibiotic from Streptomyces natalensis or S. chattanoogensis. It is used for a variety of fungal infections, mainly topically."]], ["Cyclosieversigenin", "C[C@]12CC[C@@]34C[C@@]35CCC(C(C5C(CC4[C@@]1(CC(C2[C@]6(CCC(O6)C(C)(C)O)C)O)C)O)(C)C)O", ["Cyclosieversigenin is a natural product found in Astragalus tragacantha with data available."]], ["4-Cyclohexyl-1-[2-[[4,4-dideuterio-4-(2,3,4,5,6-pentadeuteriophenyl)butyl]-(2-methyl-1-propanoyloxypropoxy)phosphoryl]acetyl]pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid", "[2H]C1=C(C(=C(C(=C1[2H])[2H])C([2H])([2H])CCCP(=O)(CC(=O)N2CC(CC2C(=O)O)C3CCCCC3)OC(C(C)C)OC(=O)CC)[2H])[2H]", ["Fosinopril is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor used in the therapy of hypertension and heart failure. Fosinopril is associated with a low rate of transient serum aminotransferase elevations during therapy and has been linked to rare instances of acute liver injury.", "Fosinopril is a phosphinic acid-containing angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor with antihypertensive activity. As an ester prodrug, fosinopril is hydrolysed by esterases to its active metabolite fosinoprilat. Fosinoprilat specifically and competitively inhibits angiotensin-converting enzyme thereby decreasing the formation of the potent vasoconstrictor angiotensin II, resulting in diminished vasopressor activity. In addition, angiotensin II-mediated aldosterone secretion by adrenal cortex is decreased, which results in a decrease of sodium retention and an increase in water outflow.", "A phosphinic acid-containing angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor that is effective in the treatment of hypertension. It is a prodrug that is converted to its active metabolite fosinoprilat."]], ["6-[[[(6S,12aR)-4-(dimethylamino)-1,6,10,11,12a-pentahydroxy-6-methyl-3,12-dioxo-4,4a,5,5a-tetrahydrotetracene-2-carbonyl]amino]methylamino]-2-aminohexanoic acid", "C[C@@]1(C2CC3C(C(=O)C(=C([C@]3(C(=O)C2=C(C4=C1C=CC=C4O)O)O)O)C(=O)NCNCCCCC(C(=O)O)N)N(C)C)O", ["A semisynthetic antibiotic related to TETRACYCLINE. It is more readily absorbed than TETRACYCLINE and can be used in lower doses."]], ["[5,6-dihydroxy-7-(hydroxymethyl)-3,11,11,14-tetramethyl-15-oxo-4-tetracyclo[7.5.1.01,5.010,12]pentadeca-2,7-dienyl] (E)-2-methylbut-2-enoate", "C/C=C(\\C)/C(=O)OC1C(=CC23C1(C(C(=CC(C2=O)C4C(C4(C)C)CC3C)CO)O)O)C", ["Ingenol Mebutate is a selective small-molecule activator of protein kinase C (PKC) isolated from the plant Euphorbia peplus with potential antineoplastic activity. Ingenol mebutate activates various protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms, thereby inducing apoptosis in some tumor cells, including myeloid leukemia cells, melanoma cells, and basal cell carcinoma cells. The PKC family consists of signaling isoenzymes that regulate many cell processes including proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis."]], ["Ecubectedin", "CC1=CC2=C([C@@H]3[C@@H]4[C@H]5C6=C(C(=C7C(=C6[C@@H](N4[C@H]([C@H](C2)N3C)O)COC(=O)[C@@]8(CS5)C9=C(C[C@H](N8)CO)C2=CC=CC=C2N9)OCO7)C)OC(=O)C)C(=C1OC)O", ["Ecubectedin is a synthetic analog of the DNA minor groove-binding agent lurbinectedin, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, ecubectedin specifically inhibits RNA synthesis thereby preventing transcription of protein-coding genes. This may kill tumor cells."]], ["Golcadomide", "C1CC(=O)NC(=O)[C@H]1N2C(=O)C3=C(C2=O)C(=CC=C3)NCC4=C(C=C(C=C4)CN5CC(C5)N6CCOCC6)F", ["Golcadomide is a modulator of the E3 ubiquitin ligase complex containing cereblon (CRL4-CRBN E3 ubiquitin ligase), with potential immunomodulating and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, golcadomide specifically binds to cereblon (CRBN), thereby affecting the ubiquitin E3 ligase activity, and targeting certain substrate proteins for ubiquitination. This induces proteasome-mediated degradation of certain transcription factors, some of which are transcriptional repressors in T-cells. This leads to modulation of the immune system, including activation of T-lymphocytes, and downregulation of the activity of other proteins, some of which play key roles in the proliferation of certain cancer cell types. CRBN, the substrate recognition component of the CRL4-CRBN E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, plays a key role in the ubiquitination of certain proteins."]], ["Lox-IN-3", "C1=CC2=C(C(=C1)S(=O)(=O)C/C(=C/CN)/F)N=CC=C2", ["Pan-LOX Inhibitor PXS-5505 is an orally available, small-molecule, irreversible inhibitor of all lysyl oxidases (LOX) family members, with potential antifibrotic activity. Upon oral administration, pan-LOX inhibitor PXS-5505 targets, binds to and inhibits the activity of all enzymes in the LOX family. This prevents the post-translational oxidative deamination of lysine residues on target proteins, including collagen and elastin, and reduces the formation of deaminated lysine (allysine), the formation of inter- and intramolecular cross-linkages and may prevent remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM), thereby reducing fibrotic tissue formation in certain chronic fibrotic diseases. LOX is often upregulated in fibrotic tissue and plays a key role in fibrosis."]], ["N-[(1R,3S)-3-(4-acetylpiperazin-1-yl)cyclohexyl]-4-fluoro-7-methyl-1H-indole-2-carboxamide", "CC1=C2C(=C(C=C1)F)C=C(N2)C(=O)N[C@@H]3CCC[C@@H](C3)N4CCN(CC4)C(=O)C", ["SETD2 Inhibitor EZM0414 is an orally bioavailable selective inhibitor of the histone methyltransferase (HMT) SETD2 (SET domain containing 2, histone lysine methyltransferase), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, SETD2 inhibitor EZM0414 binds to SETD2 and inhibits its activity. This prevents several key biological processes that are mediated by SETD2, including the methylation of histones and non-histone proteins, transcriptional regulation, RNA splicing, DNA damage repair and B cell development and maturation. The inhibition of SETD2 by EZM0414 may inhibit tumor cell proliferation. SETD2 plays multiple important roles in oncogenesis."]], ["Nezulcitinib", "CCC1=C(C=CC(=C1)O)C2=CC3=C(C=C2)C(=NN3)C4=NC5=C(N4)CN([C@@H](C5)C(=O)N6CC(C6)N(C)C)C(C)C", ["Nezulcitinib is a lung-selective inhibitor of the Janus associated-kinases (JAKs), with potential immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory activities. Upon administration via nebulized inhalation, nezulcitinib inhibits the activity of the JAKs, thereby disrupting cytokine-induced activation of JAK-STAT signaling pathways in the airways. This may inhibit the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, reducing inflammatory responses and preventing inflammation-induced damage. The Janus kinase family of non-receptor tyrosine kinases, which includes tyrosine-protein kinase JAK1 (Janus kinase 1; JAK1), tyrosine-protein kinase JAK2 (Janus kinase 2; JAK2), tyrosine-protein kinase JAK3 (Janus kinase 3; JAK3) and non-receptor tyrosine-protein kinase TYK2 (tyrosine kinase 2), plays a key role in cytokine signaling."]], ["1-[4-[7-(2-Amino-7-fluoro-1,3-benzothiazol-4-yl)-6-chloro-8-fluoro-quinazolin-4-yl]piperazin-1-yl]prop-2-en-1-one", "C=CC(=O)N1CCN(CC1)C2=NC=NC3=C(C(=C(C=C32)Cl)C4=C5C(=C(C=C4)F)SC(=N5)N)F", ["KRAS G12C Inhibitor LY3499446 is an orally available inhibitor of the oncogenic KRAS substitution mutation, G12C, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, LY3499446 targets and covalently binds to cytosine 12 within the switch II pocket of GDP-bound KRAS G12C, thereby inhibiting mutant KRAS-dependent signaling. KRAS, a member of the RAS family of oncogenes, serves an important role in cell signaling, division and differentiation. Mutations of KRAS may induce constitutive signal transduction leading to tumor cell growth, proliferation, invasion, and metastasis."]], ["K5T4I78Iyz", "CN1C2=C(C=CC=N2)C(=C1NC3=C(C=C(C=C3)I)F)C(=O)NOCCO", ["MEK Inhibitor NFX-179 is a topical gel formulation composed of an inhibitor of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MAP2K; MAPKK; MEK), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon topical administration, MEK inhibitor NFX-179 penetrates into the dermis of the skin where it specifically targets, binds to and inhibits the catalytic activity of MEK, thereby inhibiting the activation of MEK-dependent effector proteins including extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and inhibits the proliferation of tumor cells in which the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK signaling pathway is overactivated. The threonine/tyrosine protein kinase MEK plays a key role in the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK signaling pathway, which is frequently upregulated in a variety of tumor cell types and regulates key cellular activities including cell growth, proliferation, survival, differentiation and apoptosis. Rapid degradation of NFX-179 upon reaching the systemic circulation minimizes side effects caused by systemic exposure."]], ["Imlunestrant", "C1C(CN1CCOC2=CC=C(C=C2)[C@@H]3C4=C5C=CC(=CC5=NC=C4C6=C(O3)C=C(C=C6)C(F)(F)F)O)CF", ["Imlunestrant is an orally available selective estrogen receptor degrader (SERD), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, imlunestrant specifically targets and binds to the estrogen receptor (ER) and induces a conformational change that results in ER degradation. This prevents ER-mediated signaling and inhibits both the growth and survival of ER-expressing cancer cells."]], ["Divarasib", "C[C@H]1CN(CCN1C2=NC(=NC3=C(C(=C(C=C32)Cl)C4=C(C(=CC(=N4)N)C)C(F)(F)F)F)OC[C@@H]5CCCN5C)C(=O)C=C", ["KRAS G12C Inhibitor GDC-6036 is an orally available inhibitor of the oncogenic KRAS substitution mutation, G12C, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, KRAS G12C inhibitor GDC-6036 selectively targets the KRAS G12C mutant and inhibits KRAS G12C mutant-dependent signaling. KRAS, a member of the RAS family of oncogenes, serves an important role in cell signaling, division and differentiation. Mutations of KRAS may induce constitutive signal transduction leading to tumor cell growth, proliferation, invasion, and metastasis."]], ["(6-(1-((6-Methoxypyridin-3-yl)methyl)piperidin-4-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl)piperazin-1-yl)methanone bis(4-methylbenzenesulfonate)", "CC1=CC=C(C=C1)S(=O)(=O)O.CC1=CC=C(C=C1)S(=O)(=O)O.COC1=NC=C(C=C1)CN2CCC(CC2)C3=CC4=C(C=C3)N=C(N4)C(=O)N5CCN(CC5)CC6=CC=C(C=C6)C(F)(F)F", ["ASP4132 is a molecule with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, ASP4132 affects oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria of metabolically-active tumor cells, which reduces both energy production and tumor cell proliferation. Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation is hyperactivated in tumor cells and plays a key role in the promotion of tumor cell proliferation."]], ["(2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-5-amino-2-(aminomethyl)-6-[(1R,2S,3S,4R,6S)-4,6-diamino-2-[(2S,3R,4R,5R)-4-[(3R,4R,5R,6S)-3-amino-6-(aminomethyl)-4,5-dihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy-3-hydroxycyclohexyl]oxyoxane-3,4-diol;sulfuric acid", "C1[C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]1N)O[C@@H]2[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@H](O2)CN)O)O)N)O[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](O3)CO)OC4[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O4)CN)O)O)N)O)O)N.OS(=O)(=O)O.OS(=O)(=O)O.OS(=O)(=O)O", ["Neomycin Sulfate is the sulfate salt form of neomycin, a broad spectrum aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from Streptomyces fradiae with antibacterial activity. Neomycin is an antibiotic complex consisting of 3 components: the two isomeric components B and C are the active components, and neomycin A is the minor component. Neomycin irreversibly binds to the 16S rRNA and S12 protein of the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit. As a result, this agent interferes with the assembly of initiation complex between mRNA and the bacterial ribosome, thereby inhibiting the initiation of protein synthesis. In addition, neomycin induces misreading of the mRNA template and causes translational frameshift, thereby results in premature termination. This eventually leads to bacterial cell death.", "Aminoglycoside antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces fradiae. It is composed of neomycins A, B, and C, and acts by inhibiting translation during protein synthesis."]], ["(1S,7S)-8-(hydroxy-phenyl-pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-10-[phenyl(pyridin-2-yl)methylidene]-4-azatricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]dec-8-ene-3,5-dione", "C1=CC=C(C=C1)C(=C2[C@H]3C=C([C@H]2C4C3C(=O)NC4=O)C(C5=CC=CC=C5)(C6=CC=CC=N6)O)C7=CC=CC=N7", ["Norbormide is a colorless to off-white crystalline powder. Used as a selective rat poison. (EPA, 1998)"]], ["cobalt(2+);[(2R,3S,4R,5S)-5-(5,6-dimethylbenzimidazol-1-yl)-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl] [(2R)-1-[3-[(1R,2R,3R,5Z,7S,10Z,12S,13S,15Z,17S,18S,19R)-2,13,18-tris(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-7,12,17-tris(3-amino-3-oxopropyl)-3,5,8,8,13,15,18,19-octamethyl-2,7,12,17-tetrahydro-1H-corrin-24-id-3-yl]propanoylamino]propan-2-yl] phosphate;cyanide", "CC1=CC2=C(C=C1C)N(C=N2)[C@@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O3)CO)OP(=O)([O-])O[C@H](C)CNC(=O)CC[C@@]4([C@H]([C@@H]5[C@]6([C@@]([C@@H](/C(=C(/C7=N/C(=C\\C8=N/C(=C(\\C4=N5)/C)/[C@H](C8(C)C)CCC(=O)N)/[C@H]([C@]7(C)CC(=O)N)CCC(=O)N)\\C)/[N-]6)CCC(=O)N)(C)CC(=O)N)C)CC(=O)N)C)O.[C-]#N.[Co+2]", ["vitamin B12 is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).", "A cobalt-containing coordination compound produced by intestinal micro-organisms and found also in soil and water. Higher plants do not concentrate vitamin B 12 from the soil and so are a poor source of the substance as compared with animal tissues. INTRINSIC FACTOR is important for the assimilation of vitamin B 12."]], ["N-[(3S,6R,12R,15S,16S,19S,22S,25S)-25-[[(3S)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl]sulfanylmethyl]-3-[[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]methyl]-12-ethyl-4,16-dimethyl-2,5,11,14,18,21,24-heptaoxo-19-phenyl-17-oxa-1,4,10,13,20-pentazatricyclo[20.4.0.06,10]hexacosan-15-yl]-3-hydroxypyridine-2-carboxamide", "CC[C@@H]1C(=O)N2CCC[C@@H]2C(=O)N([C@H](C(=O)N3C[C@@H](C(=O)C[C@H]3C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)O[C@H]([C@@H](C(=O)N1)NC(=O)C4=C(C=CC=N4)O)C)C5=CC=CC=C5)CS[C@@H]6CN7CCC6CC7)CC8=CC=C(C=C8)N(C)C)C", ["Quinupristin is a semi-synthetic derivative of pristinamycin, a natural occurring type B streptogramin. Quinupristin binds to the bacterial 50S ribosomal subunit, thereby inhibiting peptide chain elongation, and causing early termination of normal bacterial protein synthesis. Quinupristin is primarily effective against gram-positive cocci."]], ["(1R,9S,13R,14S,17R,18E,21S,23S,24R,25S,27R)-12-[(E)-1-[(1R,3R,4S)-4-chloro-3-methoxycyclohexyl]prop-1-en-2-yl]-17-ethyl-1,14-dihydroxy-23,25-dimethoxy-13,19,21,27-tetramethyl-11,28-dioxa-4-azatricyclo[22.3.1.04,9]octacos-18-ene-2,3,10,16-tetrone", "CC[C@@H]1/C=C(/C[C@@H](C[C@@H]([C@@H]2[C@H](C[C@H]([C@@](O2)(C(=O)C(=O)N3CCCC[C@H]3C(=O)OC([C@@H]([C@H](CC1=O)O)C)/C(=C/[C@@H]4CC[C@@H]([C@@H](C4)OC)Cl)/C)O)C)OC)OC)C)\\C", ["Pimecrolimus is a 33-epi-chloro-derivative of the ascomycin macrolactam with immunosuppressant property. Pimecrolimus binds to the receptor macrophilin-12 (FKBP-12) forming a complex that blocks the calcium-dependent signal transduction cascade mediated by calcineurin. Via dephosphorylation, calcineurin is the enzyme responsible for activating nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NF-AT), a T cell transcriptional regulatory factor. As a consequence, the synthesis and release of Th1- (T helper 1) and Th2- (T helper 2) type cytokines, and other inflammatory mediators from T-cells and mast cells are blocked and the expression of signals essential for the activation of inflammatory T-lymphocytes is inhibited. However, pimecrolimus mode of action is cell-selective and does not affect Langerhans' cells/dendritic cells and primary fibroblasts."]], ["Ulevostinag (isomer 1)", "C1[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](O2)N3C=NC4=C(N=CN=C43)N)F)OP(=S)(OC[C@@H]5[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O5)N6C=NC7=C6N=C(NC7=O)N)OP(=O)(O1)S)F)O", ["A synthetic cyclic dinucleotide (CDN) and agonist of stimulator of interferon genes protein (STING), with potential immunoactivating and antineoplastic activities. Upon intratumoral (IT) administration, STING agonist MK-1454 binds to STING and activates the STING pathway, which promotes IKK-related kinase TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) signaling and activates nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB) and interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) in immune cells in the tumor microenvironment; this leads to the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interferons (IFNs). Specifically, expression of IFN-beta (IFNb) enhances the cross-presentation of tumor-associated antigens by CD8alpha-positive and CD103-positive dendritic cells (DCs) to cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). This results in a CTL-mediated immune response against tumor cells and causes tumor cell lysis."]], ["5-(5-((1S,2R)-2-Isopropylcyclopropyl)-6-methylpyridazin-3-yl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione", "CC1=NN=C(C=C1[C@H]2C[C@@H]2C(C)C)C3=CNC(=O)NC3=O", ["CD73 Inhibitor LY3475070 is an orally bioavailable inhibitor of the ectoenzyme CD73 (cluster of differentiation 73; 5'-ecto-nucleotidase; 5'-NT; ecto-5'-nucleotidase), with potential immunomodulating and antineoplastic activities. Upon oral administration, CD73 inhibitor LY3475070 targets and binds to CD73, leading to clustering of and internalization of CD73. This prevents CD73-mediated conversion of adenosine monophosphate (AMP) to adenosine and decreases the amount of free adenosine in the tumor microenvironment (TME). This prevents adenosine-mediated lymphocyte suppression and increases the activity of CD8-positive effector cells and natural killer (NK) cells. This also activates macrophages and reduces the activity of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and regulatory T-lymphocytes (Tregs). By abrogating the inhibitory effect on the immune system and enhancing the cytotoxic T-cell-mediated immune response against tumor cells, tumor cell growth decreases. In addition, clustering and internalization of CD73 decreases the migration of cancer cells and prevents metastasis. CD73, a plasma membrane protein belonging to the 5'-nucleotidase (NTase) family, catalyzes the conversion of extracellular nucleotides, such as AMP, to membrane-permeable nucleosides, such as adenosine. It is upregulated in a number of cancer cell types and plays a key role in adenosine-mediated immunosuppression within the TME."]], ["J81Gdr86J9", "C1/C=C/CNC2=C3C(=NC=N2)N(C=N3)[C@H]4[C@@H]([C@H]5[C@H](O4)COP(=O)(O[C@@H]6[C@@H](COP(=S)(O5)O)O[C@H]([C@@H]6F)N7C=NC8=C(N1)N=CN=C87)S)F", ["Macrocycle-bridged STING Agonist E7766 is an agonist of macrocycle-bridged stimulator of interferon genes (STING) protein, with potential immunoactivating and antineoplastic activities. Upon intravenous administration, macrocycle-bridged STING agonist (MBSA) E7766 targets and binds to STING and activates the STING pathway, which promotes IKK-related kinase TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) signaling and activates nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB) and interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) in immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). This leads to the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interferons (IFNs). Specifically, expression of IFN-beta (IFNb) enhances the cross-presentation of tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) by CD8alpha-positive and CD103-positive dendritic cells (DCs) to cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLs). This results in a CTL-mediated immune response against tumor cells and causes tumor cell lysis. Compared to conventional STING agonists, MBSA E7766 allows for conformational rigidity of the unique macrocycle bridge which enhances its stability and STING affinity, thereby increasing its efficacy."]], ["Allin", "C([C@@H]1[C@@H]2[C@H]3[C@H](S3)[C@H](O1)O[C@H]4[C@@H](O[C@@H]([C@@H]5[C@@H]4S5)O[C@H]6[C@@H](O[C@H]([C@@H]7[C@H]6S7)O[C@H]8[C@@H](O[C@H]([C@H]9[C@@H]8S9)O[C@H]1[C@H](O[C@H]([C@H]3[C@H]1S3)O[C@H]1[C@@H](O[C@@H]([C@@H]3[C@@H]1S3)O[C@H]1[C@@H](O[C@H](O2)[C@@H]2[C@H]1S2)CO)CO)CO)CO)CO)CO)O", ["Allin is a natural product found in Allium cepa with data available."]], ["Viltepso", "CC1=CN(C(=O)NC1=O)[C@H]2CN(C[C@H](O2)COP(=O)(N3C[C@H](O[C@H](C3)N4C=C(C(=O)NC4=O)C)COP(=O)(N5C[C@H](O[C@H](C5)N6C=NC7=C6N=C(NC7=O)N)COP(=O)(N8C[C@H](O[C@H](C8)N9C=C(C(=O)NC9=O)C)COP(=O)(N1C[C@H](O[C@H](C1)N1C=NC2=C1N=C(NC2=O)N)COP(=O)(N1C[C@H](O[C@H](C1)N1C=NC2=C1N=C(NC2=O)N)COP(=O)(N1C[C@H](O[C@H](C1)N1C=NC2=C(N=CN=C21)N)COP(=O)(N1C[C@H](O[C@H](C1)N1C=NC2=C(N=CN=C21)N)COP(=O)(N1C[C@H](O[C@H](C1)N1C=NC2=C1N=C(NC2=O)N)COP(=O)(N1C[C@H](O[C@H](C1)N1C=C(C(=O)NC1=O)C)COP(=O)(N1C[C@H](O[C@H](C1)N1C=CC(=NC1=O)N)COP(=O)(N1C[C@H](O[C@H](C1)N1C=C(C(=O)NC1=O)C)COP(=O)(N1C[C@H](O[C@H](C1)N1C=C(C(=O)NC1=O)C)COP(=O)(N1C[C@H](O[C@H](C1)N1C=NC2=C1N=C(NC2=O)N)COP(=O)(N1C[C@H](O[C@H](C1)N1C=NC2=C1N=C(NC2=O)N)COP(=O)(N1C[C@H](O[C@H](C1)N1C=CC(=NC1=O)N)COP(=O)(N1C[C@H](O[C@H](C1)N1C=CC(=NC1=O)N)COP(=O)(N1C[C@H](O[C@H](C1)N1C=C(C(=O)NC1=O)C)COP(=O)(N1C[C@H](O[C@H](C1)N1C=CC(=NC1=O)N)COP(=O)(N1C[C@H](O[C@H](C1)N1C=CC(=NC1=O)N)CO)N(C)C)N(C)C)N(C)C)N(C)C)N(C)C)N(C)C)N(C)C)N(C)C)N(C)C)N(C)C)N(C)C)N(C)C)N(C)C)N(C)C)N(C)C)N(C)C)N(C)C)N(C)C)N(C)C)P(=O)(N(C)C)OC[C@@H]1CNC[C@@H](O1)N1C=CC(=NC1=O)N", ["Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked recessive allelic disorder characterized by a lack of functional dystrophin protein, which leads to progressive ambulatory, pulmonary, and cardiac function and is invariably fatal. A related, albeit a less severe, form of muscular dystrophy known as Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) is characterized by the production of shortened and partially functional dystrophin protein. Although corticosteroids are effective in slowing disease progression in both DMD and BMD patients, they do not address the underlying molecular pathogenesis.  The application of antisense oligonucleotides in DMD patients with specific mutations allows for exon skipping, which retains a productive reading frame and results in the production of truncated BMD-like dystrophin proteins. These shortened forms of dystrophin can restore partial muscle function and slow the progression of DMD. Viltolarsen is a phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligonucleotide (PMO); PMOs are oligonucleotides in which the five-membered ribofuranosyl ring is replaced with a six-membered morpholino ring, and the phosphodiester links between nucleotides are replaced with a phosphorodiamidate linkage. In this manner, PMOs are much less susceptible to endo- and exonucleases and exhibit drastically reduced metabolic degradation compared to traditional synthetic oligonucleotides. Hence, viltolarsen is similar to another PMO, [eteplirsen], which gained FDA approval on September 19, 2016; however, [eteplirsen] is specific for exon 51 skipping while viltolarsen is specific for exon 53 skipping.  Viltolarsen was granted accelerated FDA approval on August 12, 2020, based on data showing an increase in dystrophin levels in skeletal muscle of patients treated with viltolarsen; this approval is contingent on further verification in confirmatory trials. Viltolarsen was developed by Nippon Shinyaku Co LTD and is being marketed under the name VILTEPSO\u2122.", "Viltolarsen is a synthetic antisense oligonucleotide designed to cause skipping of abnormal exons in the synthesis of the dystrophin gene and that is used to treat Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Viltolarsen has not been reported to cause ALT elevations during therapy and has not been linked to instances of acute liver injury with symptoms and jaundice."]], ["Psma-hbed-cc ga-68", "[H+].C1=CC(=C(C=C1CCC(=O)NCCCCCC(=O)NCCCC[C@@H](C(=O)O)NC(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)O)CN(CCN(CC2=C(C=CC(=C2)CCC(=O)O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])[O-].[68Ga+3]", ["Gallium (Ga) 68 prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-11, or Ga-68 gozetotide, is a radiopharmaceutical agent used to identify and assess prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-positive lesions in adult men with prostate cancer during positron emission tomography (PET). Prostate cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers among men in Western countries and many patients treated with androgen-deprivation therapy relapse with castration-resistant prostate cancer. In nearly all prostate cancers, malignant cells express a transmembrane protein called prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA). Ga-68 PSMA-11 is an imaging agent that binds PSMA during positron emission tomography: it emits positrons to indicate the presence of PSMA-positive prostate cancer lesions in patients with suspected prostate cancer or in patients who may have recurrent prostate cancer.   On December 1, 2020, Ga-68 PSMA-11 was approved by the FDA as the first molecular-targeted drug for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) positive lesions in men with prostate cancer. It is administered intravenously. In October 2022, the EMA's Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) recommended Ga-68 gozetotide be granted marketing authorization for the diagnosis of prostate cancer.", "Gallium ga-68 gozetotide is a Radioactive Diagnostic Agent. The mechanism of action of gallium ga-68 gozetotide is as a Positron Emitting Activity.", "Gallium Ga 68 Gozetotide is a radioconjugate composed of a human prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeting ligand, Glu-urea-Lys(Ahx) (Glu-NH-CO-NH-Lys(Ahx)), conjugated, via the acyclic radiometal chelator N,N'-bis [2-hydroxy-5-(carboxyethyl)benzyl] ethylenediamine-N,N'-diacetic acid (HBED-CC), to the radioisotope gallium Ga 68, with potential use as a tracer for PSMA-expressing tumors during positron emission tomography (PET). Upon intravenous administration of the gallium Ga 68 gozetotide, the Glu-urea-Lys(Ahx) moiety targets and binds to PSMA-expressing tumor cells. Upon internalization, PSMA-expressing tumor cells can be detected during PET imaging. PSMA, a tumor-associated antigen and type II transmembrane protein, is expressed on the membrane of prostatic epithelial cells and overexpressed on prostate tumor cells."]], ["Magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate", "C[C@]12CC[C@](C[C@@H]1C3=CC(=O)[C@@H]4[C@]5(CC[C@@H](C([C@@H]5CC[C@]4([C@@]3(CC2)C)C)(C)C)O[C@@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)C(=O)[O-])O)O)O[C@H]7[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O7)C(=O)[O-])O)O)O)C)(C)C(=O)O.[Mg+2]", ["Magnesium Isoglycyrrhizinate is the magnesium salt form of the saponin, isoglycyrrhizinate, a derivative of glycyrrhizic acid extracted from the roots of the plant Glycyrrhiza glabra, with potential anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities. Although the exact mechanism of action remains to be fully elucidated, magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate may prevent or reduce hepatotoxicity through the scavenging of free radicals. This agent also modulates the activity of hepatic enzymes such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase."]], ["Gallium 10-(1,3,4-trihydroxybutan-2-yl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7-tricarboxylate", "C1CN(CCN(CCN(CCN1CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])[C@H](CO)[C@@H](CO)O)CC(=O)[O-].[Gd+3]", ["Gadobutrol is a gadolinium-based, hydrophilic, macrocyclic, electrically neutral contrast agent used in contrast-enhanced MRI (CE-MRI). Gadobutrol is a non-ionic, paramagnetic complex consisting of gadolinium (Gd3+) chelated with the macrocyclic compound dihydroxy-hydroxymethylpropyl-tetraazacyclododecane-triacetic acid (butrol). Following intravenous administration, gadobutrol may increase MRI sensitivity for the detection of tumors and inflammatory and demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) that are associated with areas with blood-brain barrier defects due to altered perfusion or an enlarged extracellular space. This agent is eliminated in an unchanged form via the kidneys; extra-renal elimination is negligible."]], ["HL271 acetate", "CC(=O)O.C1CCN(C1)/C(=N/C(=NC2=CC=C(C=C2)OC(F)(F)F)N)/N", ["Oxidative Phosphorylation Inhibitor IM156 is an orally bioavailable biguanide compound and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) inhibitor, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, IM156 inhibits oxidative phosphorylation, decreases mitochondrial function, prevents tumor cell metabolism and deprives tumor cells of energy, thereby preventing tumor cell proliferation. Mitochondrial OxPhos is overactivated in cancer cells and plays a key role in tumor cell proliferation. Drug resistant tumor cells are very susceptible to decreased mitochondrial OxPhos as they cannot easily compensate for the decrease in mitochondrial function by increasing glycolysis."]], ["(1S,7Z,10S)-7-ethylidene-4,21-di(propan-2-yl)-2-oxa-12,13-dithia-5,8,20,23-tetrazabicyclo[8.7.6]tricos-16-ene-3,6,9,19,22-pentone", "C/C=C\\1/C(=O)NC(C(=O)O[C@H]2CC(=O)NC(C(=O)N[C@H](CSSCCC=C2)C(=O)N1)C(C)C)C(C)C", ["Romidepsin is a drug that has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) under the brand name Istodax for the treatment of a certain type of cancer. Romidepsin is also being studied as an investigational drug as part of a strategy to cure HIV infection.As an HIV investigational drug, romidepsin belongs to a group of drugs called latency-reversing agents.", "Romidepsin is an intravenously administered histone deacetylase inhibitor and antineoplastic agent that is approved for use in refractory or relapsed cutaneous and peripheral T cell lymphomas. Romidepsin is associated with modest rate of minor serum enzyme elevations during therapy but has not been linked to cases of clinically apparent liver injury, although it has been reported to cause reactivation of hepatitis B."]], ["(Z)-7-[(1R,2R,3R,5S)-3,5-dihydroxy-2-[(E,3S)-3-hydroxy-3-methyloct-1-enyl]cyclopentyl]hept-5-enoate;[1,3-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)propan-2-yl]azanium", "CCCCC[C@@](C)(/C=C/[C@H]1[C@@H](C[C@@H]([C@@H]1C/C=C\\CCCC(=O)[O-])O)O)O.C(C(CO)(CO)[NH3+])O", ["Carboprost Tromethamine is the tromethamine salt of the (15S)-15 methyl analogue of naturally occurring prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) with oxytocic activity. Mimicking endogenous PGF2 alpha, carboprost activates prostaglandin F receptor, a G-protein coupled receptor, on smooth muscle cells, thereby resulting in smooth muscle contractions. When administered intramuscularly on gravid subjects, this agent induces myometrium contractions, thereby initiating luteolysis and consequently parturition. Furthermore, carboprost's action on vascular smooth muscle and gastrointestinal tract sphincters leads to raised blood pressure and induces vomiting or diarrhea, respectively."]], ["Tetralisal", "CC1(C2CC3C(C(=O)C(=C(C3(C(=O)C2=C(C4=C1C=CC=C4O)O)O)O)C(=O)NCNCCCC[C@@H](C(=O)O)N)N(C)C)O", ["A semisynthetic antibiotic related to TETRACYCLINE. It is more readily absorbed than TETRACYCLINE and can be used in lower doses."]], ["(3S,5S,6S,7R,8S,9R,12R,13R,14S,15R)-6-[(2R,3R,4R,6S)-4-(dimethylamino)-3-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-14-hydroxy-8-[(2S,4S,5S,6S)-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-5,7,9,12,13,15-hexamethyl-1,11-dioxaspiro[2.13]hexadecane-10,16-dione", "C[C@H]1C[C@H]([C@H]([C@H](O1)O[C@H]2[C@H](C[C@]3(CO3)C(=O)[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@H](OC(=O)[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]2C)O[C@@H]4C[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O4)C)O)OC)C)C)C)O)C)C)O)N(C)C", ["Oleandomycin is a macrolide antibiotic similar to erythromycin with antimicrobial activity. Oleandomycin targets and reversibly binds to the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. This prevents translocation of peptidyl tRNA leading to an inhibition of protein synthesis.", "Antibiotic macrolide produced by Streptomyces antibioticus."]], ["Pirsue", "CC[C@@H]1CCN[C@@H](C1)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](O2)SC)O)O)O)[C@H](C)Cl.Cl.Cl", ["Pirlimycin Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of pirlimycin, a derivative of clindamycin with a 6-membered ring replacing clindamycin's 5-membered ring. Compared to clindimycin, pirlimycin has increased activity against gram-positive bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase negative species of Staphylococcus and Streptococcus. This agent is primarily used in the treatment of mastitis in cattle."]], ["zinc;3-aminopropanoyl-[(1S)-1-carboxy-2-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)ethyl]azanide", "C1=C(NC=N1)C[C@@H](C(=O)O)[N-]C(=O)CCN.[Zn+2]", ["Polaprezinc is an orally bioavailable chelate composed of zinc and L-carnosine, with potential gastroprotective, anti-oxidant, anti-ulcer and anti-inflammatory activities. Upon administration, polaprezinc increases the expression of various anti-oxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD-1), SOD-2, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px), peroxidredoxin-1 (PRDX1; PRXI) and PRXD5 (PRXV) in the gastric mucosa, which protect cells against reactive oxygen species (ROS). In addition, this agent inhibits the activity of the transcription factor nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and reduces the expression of several pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL) 1beta, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a). Polaprezinc also increases the expression of various growth factors, such as platelet-derived growth factor-B (PDGF-B), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and nerve growth factor (NGF), and various heat shock proteins (HSPs), including HSP90, HSP70, HSP60, HSP47, HSP27, and HSP10. This protects against damages to, and accelerates healing of the gastric mucosa."]], ["Tuxobertinib", "C=CC(=O)NC1=C(C=C2C(=C1)C(=NC=N2)NC3=CC(=C(C=C3)OCC4=CC=CC=N4)Cl)OCCN5CCOCC5", ["Tuxobertinib is an orally bioavailable, irreversible, selective, small-molecule inhibitor of certain oncogenic driver, allosteric mutations of the ErbB receptor tyrosine kinases epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR/ErbB1) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2/neu or ErbB2), including extracellular domain allosteric mutations of HER2, and EGFR and HER2 exon 20 insertion mutations, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, tuxobertinib selectively binds to and inhibits these allosteric ErbB mutants while sparing wild-type EGFR, which may result in the selective inhibition of cellular proliferation and angiogenesis in tumor cells and tumors expressing these allosteric ErbB mutations. EGFR and HER2, ErbB receptor tyrosine kinases mutated or overexpressed in many tumor cell types, play a key role in tumor cell proliferation and tumor vascularization."]], ["Abiraterone decanoate", "CCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H]1CC[C@@]2([C@H]3CC[C@]4([C@H]([C@@H]3CC=C2C1)CC=C4C5=CN=CC=C5)C)C", ["Abiraterone Decanoate is the decanoate form of abiraterone, a steroidal compound with antiandrogen activity. Abiraterone inhibits the enzymatic activity of steroid 17alpha-monooxygenase (17alpha-hydrolase/C17,20 lyase complex; CYP17A1), a member of the cytochrome p450 family that catalyzes the 17alpha-hydroxylation of steroid intermediates involved in testosterone synthesis. Administration of this agent may suppress testosterone production by both the testes and the adrenals to castrate-range levels."]], ["D86MF5H9WJ", "C1CC(=O)NC(=O)[C@H]1N2C3=C4C(=C(C=C3)CC5=CC=C(C=C5)CN6CCOCC6)C=CC=C4C2=O", ["Cereblon E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Modulating Agent CFT7455 is an orally bioavailable modulator of the E3 ubiquitin ligase complex containing cereblon (CRL4-CRBN E3 ubiquitin ligase), with potential immunomodulating and antineoplastic activities. Upon oral administration, cereblon E3 ubiquitin ligase modulating agent CFT7455 specifically binds to cereblon (CRBN), thereby affecting the ubiquitin E3 ligase activity, and targeting certain substrate proteins for ubiquitination. This induces proteasome-mediated degradation of certain transcription factors, including Ikaros (IKZF1) and Aiolos (IKZF3), which are transcriptional repressors in T-cells. This reduces the levels of these transcription factors, and modulates the activity of the immune system, which may include the activation of T-lymphocytes. This also leads to downregulation of the activity of other proteins, some of which play key roles in the proliferation of certain cancer cell types. CRBN, the substrate recognition component of the CRL4-CRBN E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, plays a key role in the ubiquitination of certain proteins."]], ["acetic acid;(6R,7R)-7-[[(2Z)-2-ethoxyimino-2-[5-(phosphonoamino)-1,2,4-thiadiazol-3-yl]acetyl]amino]-3-[[4-(1-methylpyridin-1-ium-4-yl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]sulfanyl]-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid", "CCO/N=C(/C1=NSC(=N1)NP(=O)(O)O)\\C(=O)N[C@H]2[C@@H]3N(C2=O)C(=C(CS3)SC4=NC(=CS4)C5=CC=[N+](C=C5)C)C(=O)O.CC(=O)O", ["Ceftaroline Fosamil is an N-phosphono prodrug of the fifth-generation cephalosporin derivative ceftaroline with antibacterial activity. Ceftaroline fosamil is hydrolyzed to the active form ceftaroline in vivo. Ceftaroline binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall. PBPs are enzymes involved in the terminal stages of assembling the bacterial cell wall and in reshaping the cell wall during growth and division. Inactivation of PBPs interferes with the cross-linkage of peptidoglycan chains necessary for bacterial cell wall strength and rigidity. This results in the weakening of the bacterial cell wall and causes cell lysis."]], ["Tinlorafenib", "CC1=C(C=CC2=C1C(=O)N(C=N2)C)NC3=C(C=CC(=C3Cl)NS(=O)(=O)CCCF)F", ["PF-07284890 is a potent, selective, highly brain-penetrant, small-molecule inhibitor of BRAF V600 mutations.", "Tinlorafenib is an inhibitor of the BRAF (B-raf) protein, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, tinlorafenib selectively targets, binds to and inhibits the activity of BRAF, which may inhibit the proliferation of tumor cells expressing a mutated BRAF gene. BRAF, a serine/threonine protein kinase, plays a key role in regulating the MAP kinase/ERKs signaling pathway, which may be constitutively activated due to BRAF gene mutations. Tinlorafenib may penetrate the blood-brain-barrier (BBB)."]], ["Technescan mag3", "C(C(=NCC(=O)[O-])[O-])N=C(CN=C(C[S-])[O-])[O-].[O-2].[Na+].[Na+].[Tc]", ["Technetium tc-99m mertiatide is a Radioactive Diagnostic Agent. The mechanism of action of technetium tc-99m mertiatide is as a Radiopharmaceutical Activity.", "A technetium diagnostic aid used in renal function determination."]], ["Technetium TC-99M apcitide", "CC(=O)NCSC[C@@H](C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CSCNC(=O)C)C(=NCC(=NCC(=N[C@@H](C[S-])C(=O)N)[O-])[O-])[O-])NC(=O)CNC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@@H]1CSCC(=O)N[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N1)CC(=O)[O-])CSCCCN)CC2=CC=C(C=C2)O.[O-2].[Na+].[99Tc]", ["Technetium tc-99m apcitide is a Radioactive Diagnostic Agent. The mechanism of action of technetium tc-99m apcitide is as a Radiopharmaceutical Activity.", "Technetium Tc-99m Apcitide is a radioconjugate comprised of the small peptide apcitide labeled with the gamma-emitting technetium TC99m (metastable Tc-99). Apcitide binds to platelet glycoprotein (GP) GPIIb/IIIa receptors on the surface of activated platelets. Labeling apcitide with TC99m allows localization of thrombus formation by gamma-ray imaging equipment and the ability to distinguish between old, inactive thrombi and new, active thrombi."]], ["Technetium ((sup 99m)Tc) Methylenediphosphonate", "C(P(=O)([O-])[O-])P(=O)([O-])[O-].O.O.[99Tc]", ["Technetium tc-99m medronate is a Radioactive Diagnostic Agent. The mechanism of action of technetium tc-99m medronate is as a Radiopharmaceutical Activity.", "Technetium Tc-99m Medronate is a radiopharmaceutical containing methylene diphosphonate (medronate; MDP) complexed with the gamma-emitting radionuclide technetium Tc 99m with radioisotopic activity and hydroxyapatite affinity. Upon intravenous administration, skeletal uptake of technetium Tc 99m methylene diphosphonate occurs as a function of skeletal blood flow and osteogenic activity. The MDP moiety of this agent has affinity for hydroxyapatite crystals in bone with abnormal accumulation at sites with increased osteoid mineralization; labeling of MDP with Tc 99m allows scintigraphic imaging of areas of abnormal osteogenesis associated with malignant bone lesions.", "A gamma-emitting radionuclide imaging agent used primarily in skeletal scintigraphy. Because of its absorption by a variety of tumors, it is useful for the detection of neoplasms."]], ["Technetium tc-99m bicisate", "CCOC(=O)[C@H](C[S-])NCC[N-][C@@H](C[S-])C(=O)OCC.[O-2].[Tc]", ["Technetium tc-99m bicisate is a Radioactive Diagnostic Agent. The mechanism of action of technetium tc-99m bicisate is as a Radiopharmaceutical Activity."]], ["Rostaporfin", "CCC1=C(C2=CC3=C(C(=C([N-]3)C4=C5[C@]([C@@H](C(=N5)C=C6C(=C(C(=N6)C=C1[N-]2)C)CC)C)(C(=C4)C(=O)OCC)CC)C)CC)C.[Cl-].[Cl-].[Sn]", ["Tin Ethyl Etiopurpurin is a synthetic purpurin with photosensitizing activity.  Tin ethyl etiopurpurin preferentially accumulates in tumor cells due to an increased rate of metabolism. Upon exposure to a light source, this agent absorbs light, forming an extended high energy conformational state that produces high quantum yields of singlet oxygen with local cytotoxic effects. (NCI04)"]], ["16MZ1V3Rbt", "CCC1=CC2=C(C=C(C=N2)CN3CCN(CC3)C4=CN=C(C=C4)C(=O)NC)NC1=O", ["PARP Inhibitor AZD5305 is an orally bioavailable inhibitor of the nuclear enzyme poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), with potential chemo/radiosensitizing and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, PARP inhibitor AZD5305 selectively targets and binds to PARP and prevents PARP-mediated DNA repair of single-strand DNA breaks via the base-excision repair pathway. This enhances the accumulation of DNA strand breaks and promotes genomic instability and eventually leads to apoptosis. This may enhance the cytotoxicity of DNA-damaging agents. PARP catalyzes post-translational ADP-ribosylation of nuclear proteins that signal and recruit other proteins to repair damaged DNA and is activated by single-strand DNA breaks. The PARP-mediated repair pathway is dysregulated in a variety of cancer cell types."]], ["Tulmimetostat", "CC1=CC(=C(C(=O)N1)CNC(=O)C2=CC(=C3C(=C2C)O[C@@](O3)(C)C4CCC(CC4)N5CC(C5)OC)Cl)SC", ["Tulmimetostat is an orally available selective inhibitor of the histone lysine methyltransferase (HMT) enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, tulmimetostat selectively targets, binds to and inhibits the activity of EZH2. Inhibition of EZH2 specifically prevents the methylation of histone H3 on lysine 27 (H3K27). This decrease in histone methylation alters gene expression patterns associated with cancer pathways and results in decreased proliferation of EZH2-expressing cancer cells. EZH2, an HMT class enzyme and the catalytic subunit of the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), is overexpressed or mutated in a variety of cancer cells and plays a key role in tumor cell proliferation; its expression is correlated with tumor initiation, progression, stem cell self-renewal, migration and angiogenesis."]], ["CID 155817681", "[CH2-][C@@H](C(=O)O)N", ["Alanine is a small non-essential amino acid in humans, Alanine is one of the most widely used for protein construction and is involved in the metabolism of tryptophan and vitamin pyridoxine. Alanine is an important source of energy for muscles and central nervous system, strengthens the immune system, helps in the metabolism of sugars and organic acids, and displays a cholesterol-reducing effect in animals. (NCI04)"]], ["acetic acid;N-[(11S,18S,20R,21S,25S)-21-(2-aminoethylamino)-3-[(1R)-3-amino-1-hydroxypropyl]-6-[(1S,2S)-1,2-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-11,20,25-trihydroxy-15-[(1S)-1-hydroxyethyl]-2,5,8,14,17,23-hexaoxo-1,4,7,13,16,22-hexazatricyclo[22.3.0.09,13]heptacosan-18-yl]-10,12-dimethyltetradecanamide", "CCC(C)CC(C)CCCCCCCCC(=O)N[C@H]1C[C@H]([C@H](NC(=O)C2[C@H](CCN2C(=O)C(NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C3C[C@@H](CN3C(=O)C(NC1=O)[C@H](C)O)O)[C@@H]([C@H](C4=CC=C(C=C4)O)O)O)[C@@H](CCN)O)O)NCCN)O.CC(=O)O.CC(=O)O", ["Caspofungin Acetate is the acetate salt of an antimycotic echinocandin lipopeptide, semisynthetically derived from a fermentation product of the fungus Glarea lozoyensis. Caspofungin inhibits 1,3-beta-glucan synthase, resulting in decreased synthesis of beta(1,3)-D-glucan (an essential component of the fungal cell wall), weakening of the fungal cell wall, and fungal cell wall rupture. This agent is active against Aspergillus and Candida species.", "A cyclic lipopeptide echinocandin and beta-(1,3)-D-glucan synthase inhibitor that is used to treat internal or systemic MYCOSES."]], ["Pegdinetanib", "COCCNC(=O)OCC(COC(=O)NCCOC)OCCCC(=O)NCCNC(=O)CCN1C(=O)CC(C1=O)SCC(C(=O)O)N", ["CT-322 is a proprietary Adnectin(TM) protein therapeutic that, in preclinical studies, specifically binds to vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2), which regulates the primary tumor angiogenesis pathway. As a result, CT-322 blocks all known ligands for VEGFR-2.", "Pegdinetanib is a pegylated form of a thermostable and protease resistant peptide targeting human vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) with potential antiangiogenic activity. Derived from the 10th type III domain of human fibronectin and one of the natural ligands, pegdinetanib binds to VEGFR-2 and prevents activation of VEGFR-2 by other activating ligands. This may inhibit the growth of new tumor blood vessels."]], ["CID 155886088", "CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)NCC(COP(=S)(O)OCC1C(CC(O1)N2C=C(C(=O)NC2=O)C)NP(=S)(O)OCC3C(CC(O3)N4C=NC5=C(N=CN=C54)N)NP(=S)(O)OCC6C(CC(O6)N7C=NC8=C7N=C(NC8=O)N)NP(=S)(O)OCC9C(CC(O9)N1C=NC2=C1N=C(NC2=O)N)NP(=S)(O)OCC1C(CC(O1)N1C=NC2=C1N=C(NC2=O)N)NP(=S)(O)OCC1C(CC(O1)N1C=C(C(=O)NC1=O)C)NP(=S)(O)OCC1C(CC(O1)N1C=C(C(=O)NC1=O)C)NP(=S)(O)OCC1C(CC(O1)N1C=NC2=C(N=CN=C21)N)NP(=S)(O)OCC1C(CC(O1)N1C=NC2=C1N=C(NC2=O)N)NP(=S)(O)OCC1C(CC(O1)N1C=NC2=C(N=CN=C21)N)NP(=S)(O)OCC1C(CC(O1)N1C=CC(=NC1=O)N)NP(=S)(O)OCC1C(CC(O1)N1C=NC2=C(N=CN=C21)N)NP(=S)(O)OCC1C(CC(O1)N1C=NC2=C(N=CN=C21)N)N)O", ["Imetelstat is a synthetic lipid-conjugated, 13-mer oligonucleotide N3'-P5'-thio-phosphoramidate with potential antineoplastic activity. Complementary to the template region of telomerase (hTR) RNA, imetelstat acts as a competitive enzyme inhibitor that binds and blocks the active site of the enzyme (a telomerase template antagonist), a mechanism of action which differs from that for the antisense oligonucleotide-mediated inhibition of telomerase activity through telomerase mRNA binding. Inhibition of telomerase activity in tumor cells by imetelstat results in telomere shortening, which leads to cell cycle arrest or apoptosis."]], ["2-Amino-6-[4-[1,3-bis(2-methoxyethylcarbamoyloxy)propan-2-yloxy]butanoylamino]hexanoic acid", "COCCNC(=O)OCC(COC(=O)NCCOC)OCCCC(=O)NCCCCC(C(=O)O)N", ["Rurioctocog alfa pegol is a pegylated recombinant human coagulation factor VIII or antihemophilic factor. Factor VIII is an essential protein involved in normal blood clotting; thus, a deficient level of functional factor VIII is associated with an elevated risk for excessive bleeding caused by spontaneous or secondary events like trauma or surgery. Hemophilia A is the most common inherited bleeding disorder leading to deficiency of factor VIII, which is caused by defects in the F8C gene that encodes coagulation factor VIII. Bleeding in joints is a common manifestation of hemophilia A, and bleeding episodes can be severe and life-threatening like intracranial hemorrhage. Rurioctocog alfa pegol aims to restore functional levels of factor VIII in patients with hemophilia A to manage and prevent bleeding episodes. It was first approved by the European Commission in January 2018.  Rurioctocog alfa pegol is a covalent conjugate of [octocog alfa], which is a recombinant factor VIII produced by recombinant DNA technology from a Chinese hamster ovary cell line. The presence of the polyethylene glycol (PEG) moiety increases the plasma half-life of the drug, thereby increasing the drug's duration of action."]], ["Nirmatrelvir", "CC1([C@@H]2[C@H]1[C@H](N(C2)C(=O)[C@H](C(C)(C)C)NC(=O)C(F)(F)F)C(=O)N[C@@H](C[C@@H]3CCNC3=O)C#N)C", ["Nirmatrelvir is an azabicyclohexane that is (1R,5S)-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane substituted by {(1S)-1-cyano-2-[(3S)-2-oxopyrrolidin-3-yl]ethyl}aminoacyl, 3-methyl-N-(trifluoroacetyl)-L-valinamide, methyl and methyl groups at positions 2S, 3, 6 and 6, respectively. It is the first orally administered inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 main protease developed by Pfizer and used in combination with ritonavir for the treatment of COVID-19. It has a role as an EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor and an anticoronaviral agent. It is a nitrile, a member of pyrrolidin-2-ones, a secondary carboxamide, a pyrrolidinecarboxamide, a tertiary carboxamide, an organofluorine compound and an azabicyclohexane.", "Nirmatrelvir (PF-07321332) is an orally bioavailable 3C-like protease (3CLPRO) inhibitor that is the subject of clinical trial NCT04756531. 3CLPRO is responsible for cleaving polyproteins 1a and 1ab of SARS-CoV-2. Without the activity of the SARS-CoV-2 3CLPRO, nonstructural proteins (including proteases) cannot be released to perform their functions, inhibiting viral replication.  In 2020, Pfizer was investigating another potential treatment for SARS-CoV-2, [PF-07304814]. Both drugs were inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 3CLPRO, but nirmatrelvir has the advantage of being orally bioavailable. Nirmatrelvir is advantageous in that it can be prescribed to patients before they require hospitalization, while [PF-07304814] requires intravenous administration in hospital.  In December 2021, the FDA granted an emergency use authorization to Paxlovid, a co-packaged product containing both nirmatrelvir and [ritonavir], for the treatment of certain patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19. Paxlovid was approved for use in Canada in January 2022 for the treatment of adult patients with mild-moderate COVID-19 and later granted conditional marketing authorization by the European Commission on January 27, 2022.", "Paxlovid is a co-packaged combination of nirmatrelvir, a second generation protease inhibitor, and ritonavir, a pharmacological enhancer, that is used to treated infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) , the cause of the novel and severe coronavirus disease, 2019 (COVID-19). Paxlovid is given orally for 5 days in patients early in the course of infection and has not been linked to serum aminotransferase elevations or to clinically apparent liver injury.", "Nirmatrelvir is an orally bioavailable, peptidomimetic inhibitor of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) main protease (Mpro; 3C-like protease; 3CL protease; 3CLpro; nsp5 protease), with potential antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 and other coronaviruses. Upon oral administration, nirmatrelvir selectively targets, binds to, and inhibits the activity of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. This inhibits the proteolytic cleavage of viral polyproteins, thereby inhibiting the formation of viral proteins including helicase, single-stranded-RNA-binding protein, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, 20-O-ribose methyltransferase, endoribonuclease and exoribonuclease. This prevents viral transcription and replication."]], ["2-[4,10-bis(carboxymethyl)-7-[(2S,3R)-1,3,4-trihydroxybutan-2-yl]-1,4,7,10-tetrazacyclododec-1-yl]acetic acid;gadolinium", "C1CN(CCN(CCN(CCN1CC(=O)O)CC(=O)O)[C@@H](CO)[C@H](CO)O)CC(=O)O.[Gd]", ["Gadobutrol is a gadolinium-based, hydrophilic, macrocyclic, electrically neutral contrast agent used in contrast-enhanced MRI (CE-MRI). Gadobutrol is a non-ionic, paramagnetic complex consisting of gadolinium (Gd3+) chelated with the macrocyclic compound dihydroxy-hydroxymethylpropyl-tetraazacyclododecane-triacetic acid (butrol). Following intravenous administration, gadobutrol may increase MRI sensitivity for the detection of tumors and inflammatory and demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) that are associated with areas with blood-brain barrier defects due to altered perfusion or an enlarged extracellular space. This agent is eliminated in an unchanged form via the kidneys; extra-renal elimination is negligible."]], ["(8R,9R,10R,11S,13R,14S,16S,17R)-9-chloro-11,17-dihydroxy-17-(2-hydroxyacetyl)-10,13,16-trimethyl-6,7,8,11,12,14,15,16-octahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one", "C[C@H]1C[C@H]2[C@H]3CCC4=CC(=O)C=C[C@]4([C@]3([C@H](C[C@]2([C@]1(C(=O)CO)O)C)O)Cl)C", ["Beclomethasone is a synthetic glucocorticoid with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating properties.  After cell surface receptor attachment and cell entry, beclomethasone enters the nucleus where it binds to and activates specific nuclear receptors, resulting in an altered gene expression and inhibition of proinflammatory cytokine production.", "An anti-inflammatory, synthetic glucocorticoid. It is used topically as an anti-inflammatory agent and in aerosol form for the treatment of ASTHMA."]], ["3-[[2-[2-[2-[[(2R,3R)-2-[[(2R,3R,4S)-4-[[(2S,3R)-2-[[6-amino-2-[(1S)-3-amino-1-[[(2R)-2,3-diamino-3-oxopropyl]amino]-3-oxopropyl]-5-methylpyrimidine-4-carbonyl]amino]-3-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6R)-3-[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-4-carbamoyloxy-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-3-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)propanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxy-2-methylpentanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxybutanoyl]amino]ethyl]-1,3-thiazol-4-yl]-1,3-thiazole-4-carbonyl]amino]propyl-dimethylsulfanium", "CC1=C(N=C(N=C1N)[C@H](CC(=O)N)NC[C@H](C(=O)N)N)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@H](C2=CN=CN2)O[C@@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](O3)CO)O)O)O[C@@H]4[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O4)CO)O)OC(=O)N)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)[C@@H]([C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)NCCC5=NC(=CS5)C6=NC(=CS6)C(=O)NCCC[S+](C)C)O", ["Bleomycin appears as colorless or yellowish powder. Possible bluish color depending on copper content. (NTP, 1992)", "Bleomycin is a cystotoxic antibiotic that is used as an anticancer agent in the therapy of testicular and germ cell cancers, Hodgkin disease, lymphomas and tumors of the head and neck. Therapy with bleomycin in combination with other agents is often associated with mild-to-moderate serum enzyme elevations, but is a rare cause of clinically apparent liver injury.", "Bleomycin is a mixture of glycopeptide antineoplastic antibiotics isolated from the bacterium Streptomyces verticillus. Bleomycin forms complexes with iron that reduce molecular oxygen to superoxide and hydroxyl radicals which cause single- and double-stranded breaks in DNA; these reactive oxygen species also induce lipid peroxidation, carbohydrate oxidation, and alterations in prostaglandin synthesis and degradation.", "A complex of related glycopeptide antibiotics from Streptomyces verticillus consisting of bleomycin A2 and B2. It inhibits DNA metabolism and is used as an antineoplastic, especially for solid tumors."]], ["cobalt(2+);[(2R,3S,4R,5S)-5-(5,6-dimethylbenzimidazol-1-yl)-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl] [(2R)-1-[3-[(1R,2R,3R,4Z,7S,9E,12S,13S,14Z,17S,18S,19R)-2,13,18-tris(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-7,12,17-tris(3-amino-3-oxopropyl)-3,5,8,8,13,15,18,19-octamethyl-2,7,12,17-tetrahydro-1H-corrin-21-id-3-yl]propanoylamino]propan-2-yl] hydrogen phosphate;hydrate", "CC1=CC2=C(C=C1C)N(C=N2)[C@@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O3)CO)OP(=O)(O)O[C@H](C)CNC(=O)CC[C@@]\\4([C@H]([C@@H]5[C@]6([C@@]([C@@H](C(=N6)/C(=C\\7/[C@@]([C@@H](C(=N7)/C=C/8\\C([C@@H](C(=N8)/C(=C4\\[N-]5)/C)CCC(=O)N)(C)C)CCC(=O)N)(C)CC(=O)N)/C)CCC(=O)N)(C)CC(=O)N)C)CC(=O)N)C)O.O.[Co+2]", ["Hydroxocobalamin is a synthetic form of vitamin B12 that can be used as a dietary supplement to treat vitamin B12 deficiency. Upon administration, hydroxocobalamin mimics vitamin B12 and acts as an essential cofactor in various cellular reactions required for cell growth and replication, and hematopoiesis.", "Injectable form of VITAMIN B 12 that has been used therapeutically to treat VITAMIN B 12 DEFICIENCY."]], ["[3-[[(1S)-1-carboxy-2-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)ethyl]amino]-3-oxopropyl]azanide;zinc", "C1=C(NC=N1)C[C@@H](C(=O)O)NC(=O)CC[NH-].[Zn]", ["Polaprezinc is an orally bioavailable chelate composed of zinc and L-carnosine, with potential gastroprotective, anti-oxidant, anti-ulcer and anti-inflammatory activities. Upon administration, polaprezinc increases the expression of various anti-oxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD-1), SOD-2, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px), peroxidredoxin-1 (PRDX1; PRXI) and PRXD5 (PRXV) in the gastric mucosa, which protect cells against reactive oxygen species (ROS). In addition, this agent inhibits the activity of the transcription factor nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and reduces the expression of several pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL) 1beta, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a). Polaprezinc also increases the expression of various growth factors, such as platelet-derived growth factor-B (PDGF-B), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and nerve growth factor (NGF), and various heat shock proteins (HSPs), including HSP90, HSP70, HSP60, HSP47, HSP27, and HSP10. This protects against damages to, and accelerates healing of the gastric mucosa."]], ["3-[[(1R,3R,5R,6R,8R,10R,11R,13R,15R,16R,18R,20R,21R,23R,25R,26R,28R,30R,31R,33R,35R,36R,38R,40R,41S,42S,43S,44S,45S,46S,47S,48S,49S,50S,51S,52S,53S,54S,55S,56S)-10,15,20,25,30,35,40-heptakis(2-carboxyethylsulfanylmethyl)-41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56-hexadecahydroxy-2,4,7,9,12,14,17,19,22,24,27,29,32,34,37,39-hexadecaoxanonacyclo[36.2.2.23,6.28,11.213,16.218,21.223,26.228,31.233,36]hexapentacontan-5-yl]methylsulfanyl]propanoic acid", "C(CSC[C@H]1[C@H]2[C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](O1)O[C@H]3[C@@H](O[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]3O)O)O[C@H]4[C@@H](O[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]4O)O)O[C@H]5[C@@H](O[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]5O)O)O[C@H]6[C@@H](O[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]6O)O)O[C@H]7[C@@H](O[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]7O)O)O[C@H]8[C@@H](O[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]8O)O)O[C@H]9[C@@H](O[C@@H](O2)[C@H]([C@@H]9O)O)CSCCC(=O)O)CSCCC(=O)O)CSCCC(=O)O)CSCCC(=O)O)CSCCC(=O)O)CSCCC(=O)O)CSCCC(=O)O)O)O)C(=O)O", ["Sugammadex is a biologically inert, selective relaxant binding agent (SRBA) composed of a modified, anionic gamma cyclodextrin derivative containing a hydrophilic exterior and a hydrophobic core, with neuromuscular blocking drug (NMBD) reversal activity. Upon administration, the negatively charged carboxyl-thio-ether groups of sugammadex selectively and reversibly bind to the positively charged quaternary nitrogen of a steroidal NMBD, such as rocuronium and vecuronium, which was administered at an earlier time for anesthetic purposes. The encapsulation of the NMBD by sugammadex blocks its ability to bind to nicotinic receptors in the neuromuscular junction and thereby reverses the NMBD-induced neuromuscular blockade.", "A gamma-cyclodextrin that functions as a reversal agent for the neuromuscular blocker ROCURONIUM BROMIDE."]], ["2-[4,10-bis(carboxymethyl)-7-[(2R,3S)-1,3,4-trihydroxybutan-2-yl]-1,4,7,10-tetrazacyclododec-1-yl]acetic acid;gadolinium", "C1CN(CCN(CCN(CCN1CC(=O)O)CC(=O)O)[C@H](CO)[C@@H](CO)O)CC(=O)O.[Gd]", ["Gadobutrol is a gadolinium-based, hydrophilic, macrocyclic, electrically neutral contrast agent used in contrast-enhanced MRI (CE-MRI). Gadobutrol is a non-ionic, paramagnetic complex consisting of gadolinium (Gd3+) chelated with the macrocyclic compound dihydroxy-hydroxymethylpropyl-tetraazacyclododecane-triacetic acid (butrol). Following intravenous administration, gadobutrol may increase MRI sensitivity for the detection of tumors and inflammatory and demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) that are associated with areas with blood-brain barrier defects due to altered perfusion or an enlarged extracellular space. This agent is eliminated in an unchanged form via the kidneys; extra-renal elimination is negligible."]], ["C52-halichondrin-b amine", "C[C@@H]1C[C@@H]2CC[C@H]3C(=C)C[C@@H](O3)CC[C@]45C[C@H]6[C@H](O4)[C@H]7[C@@H](O6)[C@@H](O5)[C@@H]8[C@@H](O7)CC[C@@H](O8)CC(=O)O[C@@H]9[C@H]([C@H]3[C@H](C[C@@H]4[C@H](O3)C[C@@]3(O4)C[C@H]4[C@@H](O3)[C@H](C[C@]3(O4)C[C@@H]([C@H]4[C@@H](O3)C[C@H]([C@H](O4)CN)O)C)C)O[C@H]9C[C@H](C1=C)O2)C", ["Halichondrin Analogue E7130 is a halichondrin analogue derived from a marine sponge with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon intravenous infusion, halichondrin analogue E7130 may bind to the vinca domain of tubulin and inhibit the polymerization of tubulin and the assembly of microtubules, thereby inhibiting mitotic spindle assembly and inducing cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase."]], ["ZZ7Stn2lbb", "C1CN(CCN1CCCOC2=CC3=C(C=CN=C3C=C2)C(=O)NCC(=O)N4CC(C[C@H]4C#N)(F)F)C(=O)CN5CCN(CCN(CCN(CC5)CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-].[68Ga+3]", ["Gallium Ga 68-DOTA-FAPI-04 is a radioconjugate composed of FAPI-04, a quinoline-based fibroblast activation protein (FAP)-targeted tracer belonging to the group of FAP inhibitors (FAPi), conjugated, through the macrocyclic chelator 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA), to the radioisotope gallium Ga 68, with potential use as a tracer for FAP-expressing cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) during positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT). Upon administration of gallium Ga 68-DOTA-FAPI-04, the FAPI-04 moiety targets and binds to FAP-expressing CAFs. Upon binding, FAP-expressing cells can be detected during PET/CT imaging. FAP, a cell surface protein, is overexpressed on CAFs in the tumor microenvironment (TME)."]], ["(2S)-2-amino-2'-deoxyadenylo-succinate", "C1[C@@H]([C@H](O[C@H]1N2C=NC3=C(N=C(N=C32)N)N[C@@H](CC(=O)[O-])C(=O)[O-])COP(=O)([O-])[O-])O", ["(2S)-2-amino-2'-deoxyadenylo-succinate(4-) is a dicarboxylic acid dianion and an organophosphate oxoanion."]], ["disodium;(2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-acetamido-2-[(2S,3S,4R,5R,6R)-6-[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-acetamido-2,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]oxy-2-carboxylato-4,5-dihydroxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylate", "CC(=O)N[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O[C@H]1O)CO)O)O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O2)C(=O)[O-])O[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O3)CO)O)O[C@H]4[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O4)C(=O)[O-])O)O)O)NC(=O)C)O)O.[Na+].[Na+]", ["A natural high-viscosity mucopolysaccharide with alternating beta (1-3) glucuronide and beta (1-4) glucosaminidic bonds. It is found in the UMBILICAL CORD, in VITREOUS BODY and in SYNOVIAL FLUID. A high urinary level is found in PROGERIA."]], ["Bemnifosbuvir hemisulfate", "C[C@@H](C(=O)OC(C)C)N[P@](=O)(OC[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@@]([C@@H](O1)N2C=NC3=C(N=C(N=C32)N)NC)(C)F)O)OC4=CC=CC=C4.C[C@@H](C(=O)OC(C)C)N[P@](=O)(OC[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@@]([C@@H](O1)N2C=NC3=C(N=C(N=C32)N)NC)(C)F)O)OC4=CC=CC=C4.OS(=O)(=O)O", ["Bemnifosbuvir Sulfate is the sulfate salt form of bemnifosbuvir, an orally bioavailable direct-acting antiviral and purine nucleotide prodrug, with potential antiviral activity against a variety of RNA viruses. Upon oral administration, bemnifosbuvir, being a prodrug, is metabolized into its active form. The active form inhibits the activity of viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. This results in the termination of viral RNA transcription, decreases viral RNA production and inhibits viral RNA replication."]], ["5Bkj4Z6rbu", "CC1(COC2=C(CN3[C@@H](COC4=CN5C(=C(C=N5)C(=O)N1)N=C43)C(F)F)C=C(C=C2)F)C", ["ALK Inhibitor TPX-0131 is an orally available, compact macrocyclic structure-based inhibitor of the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, ALK inhibitor TPX-0131 binds within the ATP binding boundary and inhibits ALK wild-type tyrosine kinase, ALK fusion proteins and numerous ALK point mutations, including acquired resistance mutations, such as the solvent front mutation (SFM) G1202R and compound mutations L1196M/G1202R, L1198F/G1202R, L1196M/L1198F, and C1156Y/G1202R. Inhibition of ALK leads to the disruption of ALK-mediated signaling and the inhibition of cell growth in ALK-expressing tumor cells. ALK belongs to the insulin receptor superfamily and plays an important role in nervous system development. ALK is not expressed in healthy adult human tissue but ALK dysregulation and gene rearrangements are associated with a variety of tumor cell types. Compared to other ALK inhibitors, TPX-0131 is able to inhibit ALK resistance mutations associated with acquired resistance to other ALK inhibitors."]], ["2-[Bis[2-[carboxylatomethyl-[2-(methylamino)-2-oxoethyl]azaniumyl]ethyl]azaniumyl]acetate;gadolinium(3+)", "CNC(=O)C[NH+](CC[NH+](CC[NH+](CC(=O)NC)CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-].[Gd+3]", ["Gadodiamide is a paramagnetic gadolinium-based contrast agent (GBCA), with imaging activity upon magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). When placed in a magnetic field, gadodiamide generates a large local magnetic field, which can enhance the relaxation rate of nearby protons. This change in proton relaxation dynamics, iincreases the MRI signal intensity of tissues in which gadodiamide has accumulated; therefore, visualization of those tissues is enhanced."]], ["AY4A8WD6JS", "CN1C(=C(C=N1)C2=CC3=C(C=C2)C(=O)NN=C3CN)C4=C(C(=CC(=C4F)Cl)OC5CC5)C#N", ["PRMT5-MTA Inhibitor MRTX1719 is an orally bioavailable inhibitor of the protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5)-methylthioadenosine (MTA) complex, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, PRMT5-MTA inhibitor MRTX1719 selectively binds to the PRMT5-MTA complex that is elevated in methylthioadenosine phosphoylase (MTAP)-deleted cancer cells, thereby specifically inhibiting the function of PRMT5 solely within MTAP-deleted cancer cells and not in normal, healthy cells. By inhibiting the methyltransferase activity of PRMT5, levels of both monomethylated and dimethylated arginine residues in histones H2A, H3 and H4 are decreased. This modulates the expression of genes involved in several cellular processes, including cellular proliferation. This may increase the expression of antiproliferative genes and/or decrease the expression of genes that promote cell proliferation, which may lead to decreased growth of rapidly proliferating cancer cells. MRTX1719 also causes dysregulated RNA splicing and decreased pRb. Together, this decreases proliferation and increases apoptosis specifically in MTAP-deleted cancer cells. PRMT5, a type II methyltransferase that catalyzes the formation of both omega-N monomethylarginine (MMA) and symmetric dimethylarginine (sDMA) on histones and a variety of other protein substrates involved in signal transduction and cellular transcription, is essential for the viability of cancer and normal cells. It is overexpressed in several neoplasms. Elevated levels are associated with decreased patient survival. MTAP is deleted in certain cancer cells leading to an accumulation of the metabolite MTA; MTA binds to and partially inhibits the activity of PRMT5."]], ["N-[1,3-bis[3-[3-[5-[3-acetamido-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxypentanoylamino]propylamino]-3-oxopropoxy]-2-[[3-[3-[5-[3-acetamido-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxypentanoylamino]propylamino]-3-oxopropoxy]methyl]propan-2-yl]-12-(4-hydroxy-2-methylpyrrolidin-1-yl)-12-oxododecanamide", "CC1CC(CN1C(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC(=O)NC(COCCC(=O)NCCCNC(=O)CCCCOC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)NC(=O)C)(COCCC(=O)NCCCNC(=O)CCCCOC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)NC(=O)C)COCCC(=O)NCCCNC(=O)CCCCOC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)NC(=O)C)O", ["Givosiran is a small interfering RNA (siRNA) directed towards 5-aminolevulinic acid synthase, a critical enzyme in the heme biosynthesis pathway. It is manufactured by Alnylam Pharmaceuticals and was first approved for use in the United States in November 2019 for the treatment of adults with acute hepatic porphyria, a genetic disorder in which the overproduction of toxic heme intermediates leads to neuro-, nephro-, and gastrotoxicity. Givosiran represents an important step forward in the treatment of acute hepatic porphyria as it is the first approved pharmacotherapy for the prevention of acute attacks - previous strategies involved non-therapeutic measures (e.g. trigger avoidance), intravenous [hemin] for the treatment of attacks, and liver transplantation in refractory cases. Givosiran is the second-ever FDA-approved member of the siRNA drug class (the first being [patisiran]), a new class of drugs promising an important and exciting step forward in the treatment of genetic disorders.", "Givosiran is synthetic small interfering RNA (siRNA) molecule directed against 5-aminolevulinic acid synthase that is used to treat acute hepatic porphyria. Givosiran has been linked to mild-to-moderate ALT elevations during therapy, but has not been linked to instances of idiosyncratic acute liver injury with symptoms and jaundice.", "Givosiran is a proprietary enhanced stabilization chemistry (ESC)-stabilized conjugate composed of the liver-targeted ligand N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) conjugated to small-interfering RNAs (siRNAs) directed against the liver-expressed enzyme aminolevulinic acid synthase 1 (delta-aminolevulinate synthase 1; ALAS1; ALAS-1) that can potentially be used in the treatment of acute hepatic porphyrias (AHPs). Upon subcutaneous administration of givosiran, the GalNAc moiety targets and binds with high affinity to asialoglycoprotein receptors (ASGPRs) expressed on hepatocytes. Once inside the cell, the siRNAs bind to and silence ALAS1 mRNA and inhibit both the translation and expression of the ALAS1 protein. This prevents delta-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) formation, decreases 5-ALA levels and prevents the production of porphyrins and hemes, such as porphobilinogen (PBG). AHPs are a group of metabolic disorders caused by deficiencies of specific enzymes that are responsible for hemoglobulin biosynthesis within the liver, which leads to the accumulation of toxic intermediates, such as ALA and PBG. ALAS1, a liver-expressed, rate-limiting enzyme in the heme biosynthesis pathway, is responsible for the formation of ALA from succinyl-CoA and glycine. ESC enables the subcutaneous dosing of givosiran with increased efficacy, durability and a wide therapeutic index as compared to non-ESC GalNAc-siRNA conjugates."]], ["Camonsertib", "C[C@@H]1COCCN1C2=NC3=C(C=NN3C4=CC=NN4)C(=C2)C5(C[C@H]6CC[C@@H](C5)O6)O", ["Camonsertib is an orally available inhibitor of ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3 related (ATR) kinase, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, camonsertib selectively targets and inhibits ATR activity and blocks the downstream phosphorylation of the serine/threonine protein kinase checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1). This prevents ATR-mediated signaling, which results in the inhibition of DNA damage checkpoint activation, the disruption of DNA damage repair, and the induction of tumor cell apoptosis. ATR, a serine/threonine protein kinase upregulated in a variety of cancer cell types, plays a key role in DNA repair, cell cycle progression and survival. It is activated by DNA damage caused during DNA replication-associated stress."]], ["Nvp-jdq443", "CC1=CC2=C(C=NN2)C(=C1Cl)C3=C(N(N=C3C4=CC5=C(C=C4)N(N=C5)C)C6CC7(C6)CN(C7)C(=O)C=C)C", ["KRAS G12C Inhibitor JDQ443 is an inhibitor of the oncogenic KRAS substitution mutation, G12C, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, KRAS G12C inhibitor JDQ443 selectively targets the KRAS G12C mutant and inhibits KRAS G12C mutant-dependent signaling. KRAS, a member of the RAS family of oncogenes, serves an important role in cell signaling, division and differentiation. Mutations of KRAS may induce constitutive signal transduction leading to tumor cell growth, proliferation, invasion, and metastasis."]], ["PA4Pth5HL9", "C[C@@H]1[C@H](CN1C2=C3C=NC(=CC3=C(C=C2)C(C)C)NC4=NC(=NC=C4)N5CC[C@H]([C@H](C5)F)OC)CS(=O)(=O)C", ["EGFR Mutant-selective Inhibitor BLU-945 is a fourth-generation, orally bioavailable, mutant-selective, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, EGFR mutant-selective inhibitor BLU-945 targets, binds to and inhibits the activity of EGFR with C797S triple mutations including ex19del/T790M/C797S and L858R/T790M/C797S, thereby preventing EGFR-mediated signaling. This may both induce cell death and inhibit tumor growth in EGFR-overexpressing tumor cells. EGFR, a receptor tyrosine kinase mutated in many tumor cell types, plays a key role in tumor cell proliferation and tumor vascularization. BLU-945 inhibits mutated forms of EGFR with C797S mutation, which prevents covalent bond formation with third-generation EGFR inhibitors leading to drug resistance. BLU-945 may have enhanced anti-tumor effects in tumors with C797S-mediated resistance when compared to other EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors."]], ["Sodium;2-[2-[carboxylatomethyl-[[2-methyl-3-oxido-5-(phosphonatooxymethyl)pyridin-4-yl]methyl]amino]ethyl-[[2-methyl-3-oxido-5-(phosphonatooxymethyl)pyridin-4-yl]methyl]amino]acetate;hydron;manganese(2+)", "[H+].CC1=NC=C(C(=C1[O-])CN(CCN(CC2=C(C(=NC=C2COP(=O)([O-])[O-])C)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])COP(=O)([O-])[O-].[Na+].[Mn+2]", ["Mangafodipir Trisodium is the trisodium salt of mangafodipir with potential antioxidant and chemoprotective activities. Consisting of manganese (II) ions chelated to fodipir (dipyridoxyl diphosphate or DPDP), mangafodipir scavenges oxygen free radicals such as superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radical, potentially preventing oxygen free radical damage to macromolecules such as DNA and minimizing oxygen free radical-related chemotoxicity in normal tissues. However, this agent may potentiate the chemotherapy-induced generation of oxygen free radicals in tumor cells, resulting in the potentiation of chemotherapy-induced cytotoxicity; tumor cells, with higher levels of reactive oxygen species than normal cells, possess a lower threshold for oxygen free radical-mediated cytotoxicity. Mangafodipir is traditionally used as an imaging agent in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)."]], ["Stibogluconate Sodium nonahydrate", "C([C@H]([C@@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](O[Sb](=O)(O1)O[Sb]2(=O)O[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](O2)C(=O)O)O)[C@@H](CO)O)C(=O)O)O)O)O.O.[Na]", ["Antimony complex where the metal may exist in either the pentavalent or trivalent states. The pentavalent gluconate is used in leishmaniasis. The trivalent gluconate is most frequently used in schistosomiasis."]], ["CID 156592059", "CC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C2=CC(=C(C=C2)N=NC3=C(C4=C(C=C3)C(=CC(=C4N)S(=O)(=O)O)S(=O)(=O)O)O)C)N=NC5=C(C6=C(C=C5)C(=CC(=C6N)S(=O)(=O)O)S(=O)(=O)O)O.[Na]", ["An azo dye used in blood volume and cardiac output measurement by the dye dilution method. It is very soluble, strongly bound to plasma albumin, and disappears very slowly."]], ["3-[[2-[2-[2-[[2-[[4-[[2-[[6-amino-2-[3-amino-1-[(2,3-diamino-3-oxopropyl)amino]-3-oxopropyl]-5-methylpyrimidine-4-carbonyl]amino]-3-[(2R,3S,4S,5S,6S)-3-[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-4-carbamoyloxy-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-3-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)propanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxy-2-methylpentanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxybutanoyl]amino]ethyl]-1,3-thiazol-4-yl]-1,3-thiazole-4-carbonyl]amino]propyl-dimethylsulfanium;hydron;sulfate", "[H+].CC1=C(N=C(N=C1N)C(CC(=O)N)NCC(C(=O)N)N)C(=O)NC(C(C2=CN=CN2)O[C@H]3[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](O3)CO)O)O)O[C@@H]4[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O4)CO)O)OC(=O)N)O)C(=O)NC(C)C(C(C)C(=O)NC(C(C)O)C(=O)NCCC5=NC(=CS5)C6=NC(=CS6)C(=O)NCCC[S+](C)C)O.[O-]S(=O)(=O)[O-]", ["Bleomycin Sulfate is a mixture of the sulfate salts of basic glycopeptide antineoplastic antibiotics isolated from Streptomyces verticillus. Bleomycin sulfate forms complexes with iron that reduce molecular oxygen to superoxide and hydroxyl radicals which cause single- and double-stranded breaks in DNA; these reactive oxygen species also induce lipid peroxidation, carbohydrate oxidation, and alterations in prostaglandin synthesis and degradation.", "A complex of related glycopeptide antibiotics from Streptomyces verticillus consisting of bleomycin A2 and B2. It inhibits DNA metabolism and is used as an antineoplastic, especially for solid tumors."]], ["2-[4,10-bis(carboxymethyl)-7-[(2S,3R)-1,3,4-trihydroxybutan-2-yl]-1,4,7,10-tetrazacyclododec-1-yl]acetic acid;gadolinium", "C1CN(CCN(CCN(CCN1CC(=O)O)CC(=O)O)[C@@H](CO)[C@H](CO)O)CC(=O)O.[Gd]", ["Gadobutrol is a gadolinium-based, hydrophilic, macrocyclic, electrically neutral contrast agent used in contrast-enhanced MRI (CE-MRI). Gadobutrol is a non-ionic, paramagnetic complex consisting of gadolinium (Gd3+) chelated with the macrocyclic compound dihydroxy-hydroxymethylpropyl-tetraazacyclododecane-triacetic acid (butrol). Following intravenous administration, gadobutrol may increase MRI sensitivity for the detection of tumors and inflammatory and demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) that are associated with areas with blood-brain barrier defects due to altered perfusion or an enlarged extracellular space. This agent is eliminated in an unchanged form via the kidneys; extra-renal elimination is negligible."]], ["Phosphorus Radioisotopes", "[31PH].[32PH]", ["Unstable isotopes of phosphorus that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. P atoms with atomic weights 28-34 except 31 are radioactive phosphorus isotopes."]], ["2-Amino-N,N'-bis(hexadecahydro-6,13-diisopropyl-2,5,9-trimethyl-1,4,7,11,14-pentaoxo-1H-pyrrolo[2,1-i][1,4,7,10,13]oxatetraazacyclohexadecin-10-yl)-4,6-dimethyl-3-oxo-3H-phenoxazine-1,9-dicarboxamide", "C[C@H]1[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](C(=O)N2CCC[C@H]2C(=O)N(CC(=O)N([C@@H](C(=O)O1)C(C)C)C)C)C(C)C)NC(=O)C3=C4C(=C(C=C3)C)OC5=C(C(=O)C(=C(C5=N4)C(=O)N[C@H]6[C@@H](OC(=O)[C@@H](N(C(=O)CN(C(=O)[C@@H]7CCCN7C(=O)[C@H](NC6=O)C(C)C)C)C)C(C)C)C)N)C", ["Actinomycin d appears as bright red rhomboid prisms or red powder. (NTP, 1992)"]], ["Qha5xla4SA", "C[C@@H]1CN(C[C@@H](O1)C)C2=CC=CC(=N2)C3=CSC(=N3)NC(=O)[C@H](COC)NC(=O)C4=CN(C=C4)S(=O)(=O)C", ["BRG1/BRM Inhibitor FHD-286 is an orally bioavailable, allosteric, small molecule inhibitor of transcription activator BRG1 (SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily A member 4; SMARCA4) and BRM (SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily A member 2; SMARCA2), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, BRG1/BRM inhibitor FHD-286 targets, binds to, and inhibits the activity of BRG1 and/or BRM, the primary ATPase components and mutually exclusive subunits of the BRG1/BRM-associated factor (BAF) complexes. This may lead to the inhibition of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex, disrupt chromatin remodeling and gene expression, and result in the downregulation of oncogenic pathways and the inhibition of tumor cell proliferation. BAF is an important regulator of transcriptional programs and gene expression. Mutations in BAF or its transcription factor partners are found in certain diseases including cancers."]], ["(19E,21E,23E,25E,27E,29E,31Z)-33-(4-amino-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxy-1,3,5,6,9,11,17,37-octahydroxy-15,16,18-trimethyl-13-oxo-14,39-dioxabicyclo[33.3.1]nonatriaconta-19,21,23,25,27,29,31-heptaene-36-carboxylic acid", "CC1/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C\\C(CC2C(C(CC(O2)(CC(CC(C(CCC(CC(CC(=O)OC(C(C1O)C)C)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)C(=O)O)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)C)O)N)O", ["Macrolide antifungal antibiotic produced by Streptomyces nodosus obtained from soil of the Orinoco river region of Venezuela."]], ["7-[[(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-methoxyiminoacetyl]amino]-8-oxo-3-(oxolan-2-yl)-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid", "CO/N=C(/C1=CSC(=N1)N)\\C(=O)NC2C3N(C2=O)C(=C(CS3)C4CCCO4)C(=O)O", ["Cefovecin is a semisynthetic, broad-spectrum, third-generation cephalosporin with antibacterial activity. Cefovecin binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall. PBPs are enzymes involved in the terminal stages of assembling the bacterial cell wall and in reshaping the cell wall during growth and division. Inactivation of PBPs interferes with the cross-linkage of peptidoglycan chains necessary for bacterial cell wall strength and rigidity. This results in the weakening of the bacterial cell wall and causes cell lysis."]], ["7-[[(2E)-2-(5-amino-1,2,4-thiadiazol-3-yl)-2-hydroxyiminoacetyl]amino]-8-oxo-3-[(Z)-(2-oxo-1-pyrrolidin-3-ylpyrrolidin-3-ylidene)methyl]-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid", "C1CNCC1N2CC/C(=C/C3=C(N4C(C(C4=O)NC(=O)/C(=N/O)/C5=NSC(=N5)N)SC3)C(=O)O)/C2=O", ["Ceftobiprole is a broad-spectrum, fifth-generation, pyrrolidinone cephalosporin with antibacterial activity. Ceftobiprole binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall. PBPs are enzymes involved in the terminal stages of assembling the bacterial cell wall and in reshaping the cell wall during growth and division. Inactivation of PBPs interferes with the cross-linkage of peptidoglycan chains necessary for bacterial cell wall strength and rigidity. This results in the weakening of the bacterial cell wall and causes cell lysis."]], ["2-[3-[1-[3-[2-(2-Methoxyethoxycarbonylamino)ethylamino]-3-oxopropyl]-2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-3-yl]sulfanylpropylamino]-4-methylsulfanylbutanoic acid", "COCCOC(=O)NCCNC(=O)CCN1C(=O)CC(C1=O)SCCCNC(CCSC)C(=O)O", ["Mecapegfilgrastim is a long-acting, pegylated, recombinant analog of the endogenous human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), with hematopoietic activity. Upon administration, mecapegfilgrastim binds to and activates specific cell surface receptors and stimulates neutrophil progenitor proliferation and differentiation, as well as selected neutrophil functions. This may decrease the duration and incidence of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia (CIN). Pegylation significantly increases the therapeutic half-life."]], ["2-Amino-3-[1-[[4-[[1-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[[2-[2-[[6-amino-1-[4-[(10,19-diethyl-7-hydroxy-14,18-dioxo-17-oxa-3,13-diazapentacyclo[11.8.0.02,11.04,9.015,20]henicosa-1(21),2,4(9),5,7,10,15(20)-heptaen-19-yl)oxycarbonyloxymethyl]anilino]-1-oxohexan-2-yl]amino]-2-oxoethoxy]acetyl]amino]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethyl]triazol-4-yl]methylcarbamoyl]cyclohexyl]methyl]-2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-3-yl]sulfanylpropanoic acid", "CCC1=C2CN3C(=CC4=C(C3=O)COC(=O)C4(CC)OC(=O)OCC5=CC=C(C=C5)NC(=O)C(CCCCN)NC(=O)COCC(=O)NCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCN6C=C(N=N6)CNC(=O)C7CCC(CC7)CN8C(=O)CC(C8=O)SCC(C(=O)O)N)C2=NC9=C1C=C(C=C9)O", ["Metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (mTNBC) is an aggressive form of breast cancer with limited treatment options involving cytotoxic chemotherapy agents. Targeted chemotherapy through the application of antibody-conjugated agents (ADCs) is a recent advance in cancer treatment. One such ADC is sacituzumab govitecan, which combines a humanized anti-trophoblast cell-surface antigen 2 (TROP-2) antibody with the topoisomerase I inhibitor SN-38.  Sacituzumab govitecan was granted FDA approval on April 22nd, 2020 and is marketed under the brand name Trodelvy\u2122 by Immunomedics, Inc.; it is currently indicated under accelerated approval for the treatment of mTNBC patients who have undergone two or more prior therapies. As a targeted cytotoxic agent, it is hoped to provide similar efficacy with reduced adverse effects. In November 2021, sacituzumab govitecan was also approved by the European Commission.", "Sacituzumab Govitecan is an antibody drug conjugate containing the humanized monoclonal antibody, hRS7, against tumor-associated calcium signal transducer 2 (TACSTD2 or TROP2) and linked to the active metabolite of irinotecan, 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin (SN-38), with potential antineoplastic activity. The antibody moiety of sacituzumab govitecan selectively binds to TROP2. After internalization and proteolytic cleavage, SN-38 selectively stabilizes topoisomerase I-DNA covalent complexes, resulting in DNA breaks that inhibit DNA replication and trigger apoptosis. TROP2, also known as epithelial glycoprotein-1 (EGP-1), is a transmembrane calcium signal transducer that is overexpressed by a variety of human epithelial carcinomas; this antigen is involved in the regulation of cell-cell adhesion and its expression is associated with increased cancer growth, aggressiveness and metastasis."]], ["Leptin", "CC(C)C[C@@H](C(=N[C@@H](CCC(=N)O)C(=NCC(=N[C@@H](CO)C(=N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=N[C@@H](CCC(=N)O)C(=N[C@@H](CC(=O)O)C(=N[C@@H](CCSC)C(=N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=N[C@@H](CC1=CNC2=CC=CC=C21)C(=N[C@@H](CCC(=N)O)C(=N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=N[C@@H](CC(=O)O)C(=N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N3CCC[C@H]3C(=NCC(=N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)N", ["Although leptin is a circulating signal that reduces appetite, in general, obese people have an unusually high circulating concentration of leptin. These people are said to be resistant to the effects of leptin, in much the same way that people with type 2 diabetes are resistant to the effects of insulin. Thus, obesity develops when people take in more energy than they use over a prolonged period of time, and this excess food intake is not driven by hunger signals, occurring in spite of the anti-appetite signals from circulating leptin. The high sustained concentrations of leptin from the enlarged fat stores result in the cells that respond to leptin becoming desensitized.", "A 16-kDa peptide hormone secreted from WHITE ADIPOCYTES. Leptin serves as a feedback signal from fat cells to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM in regulation of food intake, energy balance, and fat storage."]], ["magnesium;(3R,21S,22S)-16-ethenyl-11-ethyl-3-methoxycarbonyl-12,17,21,26-tetramethyl-22-[3-oxo-3-[(E)-3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadec-2-enoxy]propyl]-7,23,24,25-tetrazahexacyclo[18.2.1.15,8.110,13.115,18.02,6]hexacosa-1,4,6,8(26),9,11,13(25),14,16,18(24),19-undecaen-4-olate", "CCC1=C(C2=NC1=CC3=C(C4=C([C@@H](C(=C5[C@H]([C@@H](C(=CC6=NC(=C2)C(=C6C)C=C)N5)C)CCC(=O)OC/C=C(\\C)/CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)C)C4=N3)C(=O)OC)[O-])C)C.[Mg+2]", ["Chlorophyll is a porphyrin derivative conjugated with a magnesium ion that is found in plant chloroplasts, algae and cyanobacteria. Chlorophyll is essential to the process of photosynthesis. It absorbs light in the blue and red parts of the visible spectrum and transfers the absorbed photon energy to an electron, which is used to produce ATP.", "Porphyrin derivatives containing magnesium that act to convert light energy in photosynthetic organisms."]], ["(Z)-N,N'-bis[3-(ethylamino)propyl]but-2-ene-1,4-diamine;hydron;tetrachloride", "[H+].[H+].[H+].[H+].CCNCCCNC/C=C\\CNCCCNCC.[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-]", ["CGC-11047 is a polyamine analog designed to halt cell growth and induce apoptosis."]], ["(1S,2R,19R,22R,34S,37R,40R,52S)-22-amino-5,15-dichloro-64-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-3-(1-hydroxydecylideneamino)-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-2-[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-3-(1-hydroxyethylideneamino)-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-21,26,31,35,38,44,49,54,56,59-decahydroxy-47-[(3S,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-7,13,28-trioxa-20,36,39,53,55,58-hexazaundecacyclo[38.14.2.23,6.214,17.219,34.18,12.123,27.129,33.141,45.010,37.046,51]hexahexaconta-3,5,8,10,12(64),14,16,20,23(61),24,26,29(60),30,32,35,38,41(57),42,44,46(51),47,49,53,55,58,62,65-heptacosaene-52-carboxylic acid", "CCCCCCCCCC(=N[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O[C@H]1OC2=C3C=C4C=C2OC5=C(C=C(C=C5)[C@H]([C@H]6C(=N[C@@H](C7=C(C(=CC(=C7)O)OC8[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O8)CO)O)O)O)C9=C(C=CC(=C9)[C@H](C(=N6)O)N=C([C@@H]4N=C([C@@H]1C2=CC(=CC(=C2)OC2=C(C=CC(=C2)[C@H](C(=N[C@H](CC2=CC(=C(O3)C=C2)Cl)C(=N1)O)O)N)O)O)O)O)O)C(=O)O)O)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O1)CO)O)O)N=C(C)O)Cl)CO)O)O)O", ["Teicoplanin is a glycopeptide antibiotic consisting of a mixture of several compounds, five major (named teicoplanin A2-1 through A2-5) and four minor (named teicoplanin RS-1 through RS-4). All teicoplanins share a same glycopeptide core, teicoplanin A3-1, but differ in the length and conformation of side chains attached to their \u03b2-D-glucosamine moiety.", "Teicoplanin is a natural product found in Streptomyces albidoflavus and Streptomyces coelicolor with data available."]], ["[5-(5,6-dimethylbenzimidazol-1-yl)-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl] 1-[3-[(4Z,9Z,14Z)-2,13,18-tris(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-7,12,17-tris(3-amino-3-oxopropyl)-3,5,8,8,13,15,18,19-octamethyl-2,7,12,17-tetrahydro-1H-corrin-21-id-3-yl]propanoylamino]propan-2-yl hydrogen phosphate", "CC1=CC2=C(C=C1C)N(C=N2)C3C(C(C(O3)CO)OP(=O)(O)OC(C)CNC(=O)CCC\\4(C(C5C6(C(C(C(=N6)/C(=C\\7/C(C(C(=N7)/C=C\\8/C(C(C(=N8)/C(=C4\\[N-]5)/C)CCC(=O)N)(C)C)CCC(=O)N)(C)CC(=O)N)/C)CCC(=O)N)(C)CC(=O)N)C)CC(=O)N)C)O", ["vitamin B12 is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655)."]], ["[(1R,2S,6S,9S,10R,11S,12S,14R,15S,18S,19S,22S,25R)-1,10,11,12,14,23-hexahydroxy-6,10,19-trimethyl-24-oxa-4-azaheptacyclo[12.12.0.02,11.04,9.015,25.018,23.019,25]hexacosan-22-yl] 3,4-dimethoxybenzoate", "C[C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@@]([C@]3([C@H](C[C@]4([C@@H]5CC[C@H]6[C@]7([C@]5(C[C@]4([C@@H]3CN2C1)O)OC6([C@H](CC7)OC(=O)C8=CC(=C(C=C8)OC)OC)O)C)O)O)O)(C)O", ["A benzoate-cevane found in VERATRUM and Schoenocaulon. It activates SODIUM CHANNELS to stay open longer than normal."]], ["(S)-[(2R,4S)-5-ethenyl-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-2-yl]-(6-methoxyquinolin-4-yl)methanol;sulfuric acid", "COC1=CC2=C(C=CN=C2C=C1)[C@@H]([C@H]3C[C@@H]4CCN3CC4C=C)O.OS(=O)(=O)O", ["Quinidine Sulfate is the sulfate salt form of quinidine, an alkaloid with antimalarial and antiarrhythmic (Class la) properties. Quinidine sulfate exerts its anti-malarial activity by acting primarily as an intra-erythrocytic schizonticide through association with the hemepolymer (hemozoin) in the acidic food vacuole of the parasite thereby preventing further polymerization by heme polymerase enzyme. This results in accumulation of toxic heme and death of the parasite. Quinidine sulfate exerts its antiarrhythmic effects by depressing the flow of sodium ions into cells during phase 0 of the cardiac action potential, thereby slowing the impulse conduction through the atrioventricular (AV) node, reducing the rate of phase 0 depolarization and prolonging the refractory period. Quinidine sulfate also reduces the slope of phase 4 depolarization in Purkinje-fibres resulting in slowed conduction and reduced automaticity in the heart.", "An optical isomer of quinine, extracted from the bark of the CHINCHONA tree and similar plant species. This alkaloid dampens the excitability of cardiac and skeletal muscles by blocking sodium and potassium currents across cellular membranes. It prolongs cellular ACTION POTENTIALS, and decreases automaticity. Quinidine also blocks muscarinic and alpha-adrenergic neurotransmission."]], ["cobalt(3+);[5-(5,6-dimethylbenzimidazol-1-yl)-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl] 1-[3-[(4Z,9Z,14Z)-2,13,18-tris(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-7,12,17-tris(3-amino-3-oxopropyl)-3,5,8,8,13,15,18,19-octamethyl-2,7,12,17-tetrahydro-1H-corrin-21-id-3-yl]propanoylamino]propan-2-yl phosphate;hydroxide", "CC1=CC2=C(C=C1C)N(C=N2)C3C(C(C(O3)CO)OP(=O)([O-])OC(C)CNC(=O)CCC\\4(C(C5C6(C(C(C(=N6)/C(=C\\7/C(C(C(=N7)/C=C\\8/C(C(C(=N8)/C(=C4\\[N-]5)/C)CCC(=O)N)(C)C)CCC(=O)N)(C)CC(=O)N)/C)CCC(=O)N)(C)CC(=O)N)C)CC(=O)N)C)O.[OH-].[Co+3]", ["Hydroxocobalamin is a synthetic form of vitamin B12 that can be used as a dietary supplement to treat vitamin B12 deficiency. Upon administration, hydroxocobalamin mimics vitamin B12 and acts as an essential cofactor in various cellular reactions required for cell growth and replication, and hematopoiesis.", "Injectable form of VITAMIN B 12 that has been used therapeutically to treat VITAMIN B 12 DEFICIENCY."]], ["(1S,2R,4R,8S,9S,11R,12S,13R)-11-hydroxy-8-(2-hydroxyacetyl)-9,13-dimethyl-6-propyl-5,7-dioxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosa-14,17-dien-16-one", "CCCC1O[C@@H]2C[C@@H]3[C@@H]4CCC5=CC(=O)C=C[C@@]5([C@H]4[C@@H](C[C@@]3([C@@]2(O1)C(=O)CO)C)O)C", ["A glucocorticoid used in the management of ASTHMA, the treatment of various skin disorders, and allergic RHINITIS."]], ["(8S,9R,10S,11S,13S,14R,16S,17S)-9-chloro-11,17-dihydroxy-17-(2-hydroxyacetyl)-10,13,16-trimethyl-6,7,8,11,12,14,15,16-octahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one", "C[C@H]1C[C@@H]2[C@@H]3CCC4=CC(=O)C=C[C@@]4([C@]3([C@H](C[C@@]2([C@@]1(C(=O)CO)O)C)O)Cl)C", ["Beclomethasone is a synthetic glucocorticoid with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating properties.  After cell surface receptor attachment and cell entry, beclomethasone enters the nucleus where it binds to and activates specific nuclear receptors, resulting in an altered gene expression and inhibition of proinflammatory cytokine production.", "An anti-inflammatory, synthetic glucocorticoid. It is used topically as an anti-inflammatory agent and in aerosol form for the treatment of ASTHMA."]], ["(4S,4aS,5aR,6S,12aR)-7-chloro-4-(dimethylamino)-1,6,10,11,12a-pentahydroxy-6-methyl-3,12-dioxo-4,4a,5,5a-tetrahydrotetracene-2-carboxamide;hydrochloride", "C[C@@]1([C@@H]2C[C@H]3[C@@H](C(=O)C(=C([C@]3(C(=O)C2=C(C4=C(C=CC(=C41)Cl)O)O)O)O)C(=O)N)N(C)C)O.Cl", ["Chlortetracycline Hydrochloride is a tetracycline with broad-spectrum antibacterial and antiprotozoal activity. Chlortetracycline hydrochloride is bacteriostatic and inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit, thereby preventing the addition of amino acids to the growing peptide chain. This tetracycline is active against a wide range of gram-positive and gram-negative organisms, spirochetes, rickettsial species, certain protozoa and Mycoplasma and Chlamydia organisms.", "A TETRACYCLINE with a 7-chloro substitution."]], ["zinc;(2S)-2-(3-aminopropanoylazanidyl)-3-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)propanoate", "C1=C(NC=N1)C[C@@H](C(=O)[O-])[N-]C(=O)CCN.[Zn+2]", ["Polaprezinc is an orally bioavailable chelate composed of zinc and L-carnosine, with potential gastroprotective, anti-oxidant, anti-ulcer and anti-inflammatory activities. Upon administration, polaprezinc increases the expression of various anti-oxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD-1), SOD-2, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px), peroxidredoxin-1 (PRDX1; PRXI) and PRXD5 (PRXV) in the gastric mucosa, which protect cells against reactive oxygen species (ROS). In addition, this agent inhibits the activity of the transcription factor nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and reduces the expression of several pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL) 1beta, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a). Polaprezinc also increases the expression of various growth factors, such as platelet-derived growth factor-B (PDGF-B), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and nerve growth factor (NGF), and various heat shock proteins (HSPs), including HSP90, HSP70, HSP60, HSP47, HSP27, and HSP10. This protects against damages to, and accelerates healing of the gastric mucosa."]], ["(7S,9S)-7-[(2R,6S)-4-amino-6-methyl-5-[(2S)-oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-6,9,11-trihydroxy-9-(2-hydroxyacetyl)-4-methoxy-8,10-dihydro-7H-tetracene-5,12-dione", "C[C@H]1C(C(C[C@@H](O1)O[C@H]2C[C@@](CC3=C2C(=C4C(=C3O)C(=O)C5=C(C4=O)C(=CC=C5)OC)O)(C(=O)CO)O)N)O[C@H]6CCCCO6", ["Pirarubicin is an analogue of the anthracycline antineoplastic antibiotic doxorubicin.  Pirarubicin intercalates into DNA and interacts with topoisomerase II, thereby inhibiting DNA replication and repair and RNA and protein synthesis.  This agent is less cardiotoxic than doxorubicin and exhibits activity against some doxorubicin-resistant cell lines. (NCI04)"]], ["Gallium Ga 68 FAPI-46", "CN(CCCN1CCN(CC1)C(=O)CN2CCN(CCN(CCN(CC2)CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])C3=CC4=C(C=CN=C4C=C3)C(=O)NCC(=O)N5CC(C[C@H]5C#N)(F)F.[68Ga+3]", ["Gallium Ga 68 FAPi-46 is a radioconjugate composed of FAPi-46, a quinoline-based fibroblast activation protein (FAP)-targeted tracer belonging to the group of FAP inhibitors (FAPi), conjugated to the radioisotope gallium Ga 68, with potential use as a tracer for FAP-expressing tumors during positron emission tomography (PET). Upon administration of gallium Ga 68 FAPi-46, the FAPi-46 moiety targets and binds to FAP-expressing tumor cells. Upon binding, FAP-expressing tumor cells can be detected during PET imaging. FAP, a cell surface protein, is overexpressed in a wide variety of cancer cell types."]], ["Clopidogrel napadisilate", "COC(=O)[C@H](C1=CC=CC=C1Cl)N2CCC3=C(C2)C=CS3.COC(=O)[C@H](C1=CC=CC=C1Cl)N2CCC3=C(C2)C=CS3.C1=CC2=C(C=CC=C2S(=O)(=O)O)C(=C1)S(=O)(=O)O", ["A ticlopidine analog and platelet purinergic P2Y receptor antagonist that inhibits adenosine diphosphate-mediated PLATELET AGGREGATION. It is used to prevent THROMBOEMBOLISM in patients with ARTERIAL OCCLUSIVE DISEASES; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; STROKE; or ATRIAL FIBRILLATION."]], ["CID 165339206", "CCP(CC)CC.CC(=O)OC[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O1)[S-])OC(=O)C)OC(=O)C)OC(=O)C.[Au+]", ["Auranofin is an orally available, lipophilic, organogold compound, used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, with anti-inflammatory and potential antineoplastic activities. Auranofin interacts with selenocysteine residue within the redox-active domain of mitochondrial thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), thereby blocking the activity of TrxR. As a result, this agent induces mitochondrial oxidative stress leading to the induction of apoptosis. Furthermore, this agent strongly inhibits the JAK1/STAT3 signal transduction pathway, thereby suppressing expression of immune factors involved in inflammation. TrxR, overexpressed in many cancer cell types, inhibits apoptosis, promotes cell growth and survival and plays a role in resistance to chemotherapy; TrxR catalyzes the reduction of oxidized thioredoxin (Trx) and plays a central role in regulating cellular redox homeostasis.", "An oral chrysotherapeutic agent for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Its exact mechanism of action is unknown, but it is believed to act via immunological mechanisms and alteration of lysosomal enzyme activity. Its efficacy is slightly less than that of injected gold salts, but it is better tolerated, and side effects which occur are potentially less serious."]], ["cobalt(3+);[5-(5,6-dimethylbenzimidazol-1-yl)-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl] 1-[3-[(9Z,14Z)-2,13,18-tris(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-7,12,17-tris(3-amino-3-oxopropyl)-3,5,8,8,13,15,18,19-octamethyl-2,7,12,17-tetrahydro-1H-corrin-21-id-3-yl]propanoylamino]propan-2-yl phosphate;hydroxide", "CC1=CC2=C(C=C1C)N(C=N2)C3C(C(C(O3)CO)OP(=O)([O-])OC(C)CNC(=O)CCC4(C(C5C6(C(C(C(=N6)/C(=C\\7/C(C(C(=N7)/C=C\\8/C(C(C(=N8)C(=C4[N-]5)C)CCC(=O)N)(C)C)CCC(=O)N)(C)CC(=O)N)/C)CCC(=O)N)(C)CC(=O)N)C)CC(=O)N)C)O.[OH-].[Co+3]", ["Hydroxocobalamin is a synthetic form of vitamin B12 that can be used as a dietary supplement to treat vitamin B12 deficiency. Upon administration, hydroxocobalamin mimics vitamin B12 and acts as an essential cofactor in various cellular reactions required for cell growth and replication, and hematopoiesis.", "Injectable form of VITAMIN B 12 that has been used therapeutically to treat VITAMIN B 12 DEFICIENCY."]], ["(2R)-2-aminobutanedioic acid;1-phenylpropan-2-amine", "CC(CC1=CC=CC=C1)N.CC(CC1=CC=CC=C1)N.C([C@H](C(=O)O)N)C(=O)O", ["Amphetamine Aspartate is the aspartate salt of amphetamine, a sympathomimetic amine with CNS stimulating properties. Amphetamine acts by facilitating the release of catecholamines, particularly noradrenaline and dopamine, from nerve terminals in the brain and inhibiting their uptake. Physiological effects include an increase in motor activity, euphoria, increased mental alertness, excitatory behavior, and appetite suppression."]], ["4-[(1R)-2-(tert-butylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl]-2-(hydroxymethyl)phenol;(2S,3S)-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid", "CC(C)(C)NC[C@@H](C1=CC(=C(C=C1)O)CO)O.CC(C)(C)NC[C@@H](C1=CC(=C(C=C1)O)CO)O.[C@H]([C@@H](C(=O)O)O)(C(=O)O)O", ["Levalbuterol Tartrate is the tartrate salt form of levalbuterol, the R-enantiomer of the short-acting beta-2 adrenergic receptor agonist albuterol, with bronchodilator activity. Levalbuterol selectively binds to beta-2 adrenergic receptors in bronchial smooth muscle, thereby activating intracellular adenyl cyclase, an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to cyclic-3',5'-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). Increased cAMP levels cause relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle, relieve bronchospasms, improve mucociliary clearance and inhibit the release of mediators of immediate hypersensitivity from cells, especially from mast cells."]], ["2-[Bis[2-[bis(carboxylatomethyl)amino]ethyl]amino]acetate;indium-111(3+)", "C(CN(CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])N(CCN(CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-].[111In+3]", ["Indium In 111 Pentetate is a sterile, non-pyrogenic, isotonic solution of radioactive indium In 111 diethylenetriamine pentaacetate (DTPA). When administered intrathecally, indium In 111 pentetate percolates up the spinal canal with the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to the basal cisterns of the posterior and middle cranial fossas. This agent is used in radionuclide cisternography to image the flow of CSF, for the identification of abnormalities in CSF circulation, for location of sites of CSF leakage, and for evaluation of CSF shunt patency. Normally, this agent does not penetrate into the brain ventricles."]], ["dicalcium;(4S,4aR,5S,5aR,6R,12aR)-2-carbamoyl-4-(dimethylamino)-10-hydroxy-6-methyl-3,12-dioxo-4a,5,5a,6-tetrahydro-4H-tetracene-1,5,11,12a-tetrolate", "C[C@@H]1[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H]3[C@@H](C(=O)C(=C([C@]3(C(=O)C2=C(C4=C1C=CC=C4O)[O-])[O-])[O-])C(=O)N)N(C)C)[O-].[Ca+2].[Ca+2]", ["Doxycycline Calcium is the calcium salt form of doxycycline exhibiting antimicrobial activity.  Doxycycline blocks binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to the mRNA-ribosome complex, thereby inhibiting protein synthesis.  In addition, this agent has exhibited inhibition of collagenase activity. (NCI)", "A synthetic tetracycline derivative with similar antimicrobial activity."]], ["2-[[(2R)-2-[bis(carboxylatomethyl)amino]-3-[(4,4-diphenylcyclohexyl)oxy-oxidophosphoryl]oxypropyl]-[2-[bis(carboxylatomethyl)amino]ethyl]amino]acetate;gadolinium(3+);hydron", "[H+].[H+].[H+].C1CC(CCC1OP(=O)([O-])OC[C@@H](CN(CCN(CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])N(CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])(C2=CC=CC=C2)C3=CC=CC=C3.[Gd+3].[Gd+3]", ["Gadofosveset is an injectable, intravascular, amphiphilic gadolinium-based contrast agent (GBCA) used with magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) imaging. Gadofosveset is a stable gadolinium diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA) chelate derivative with a diphenylcyclohexylphosphate group. Upon injection, gadofosveset binds reversibly to endogenous serum albumin which increases its intravascular retention time compared to non-protein binding contrast agents. The serum albumin binding also increases T1-relaxivity of gadofosveset. This produces an increase in signal intensity of blood, thereby enhancing the visualization of blood vessels upon MRA and may aid in the diagnosis of certain blood vessels and heart disorders."]], ["N-[(3S,6R,12R,15S,16R,19S,22S,25R)-25-[[(3S)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl]sulfanylmethyl]-3-[[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]methyl]-12-ethyl-4,16-dimethyl-2,5,11,14,18,21,24-heptaoxo-19-phenyl-17-oxa-1,4,10,13,20-pentazatricyclo[20.4.0.06,10]hexacosan-15-yl]-3-hydroxypyridine-2-carboxamide", "CC[C@@H]1C(=O)N2CCC[C@@H]2C(=O)N([C@H](C(=O)N3C[C@H](C(=O)C[C@H]3C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)O[C@@H]([C@@H](C(=O)N1)NC(=O)C4=C(C=CC=N4)O)C)C5=CC=CC=C5)CS[C@@H]6CN7CCC6CC7)CC8=CC=C(C=C8)N(C)C)C", ["Quinupristin is a semi-synthetic derivative of pristinamycin, a natural occurring type B streptogramin. Quinupristin binds to the bacterial 50S ribosomal subunit, thereby inhibiting peptide chain elongation, and causing early termination of normal bacterial protein synthesis. Quinupristin is primarily effective against gram-positive cocci."]], ["Pafolacianine [who-DD]", "[H+].[H+].[H+].[H+].CC1(C2=C(C=CC(=C2)S(=O)(=O)[O-])[N+](=C1/C=C/C3=C(/C(=C/C=C/4\\C(C5=C(N4CCCCS(=O)(=O)[O-])C=CC(=C5)S(=O)(=O)[O-])(C)C)/CCC3)OC6=CC=C(C=C6)C[C@@H](C(=O)[O-])NC(=O)C7=CC=C(C=C7)NCC8=CN=C9C(=N8)C(=O)NC(=N9)N)CCCCS(=O)(=O)[O-])C", ["Pafolacianine is an Optical Imaging Agent. The mechanism of action of pafolacianine is as a Fluorescence Contrast Activity.", "Pafolacianine is a fluorescent imaging agent composed of a folate receptor-alpha (FRa)-targeting ligand conjugated to a fluorescent near infrared (NIR) dye, that can be used for imaging of FRa-expressing tumor cells. Upon administration, the FRa-targeting moiety of pafolacianine specifically binds to FRa expressed on tumor cells thus selectively delivering the fluorescent dye to FRa-expressing tumor cells. Upon NIR imaging, tumor cells fluoresce, which allows for the visualization and identification of FRa-overexpressing tumor cells. FRa, a high-affinity folate-binding protein and a member of the folate receptor family, is overexpressed in various cancer cell types."]], ["Detectnet", "C[C@H]([C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](CSSC[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N1)CCCCN)CC2=CNC3=CC=CC=C32)CC4=CC=C(C=C4)O)NC(=O)[C@@H](CC5=CC=CC=C5)NC(=O)CN6CCN(CCN(CCN(CC6)CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)O)CC(=O)[O-])C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)O)O.[64Cu+2]", ["Copper Cu 64 dotatate is a newly approved Cu labeled somatostatin analog and has several advantages over 68Ga-labeled somatostatin analogs for positron emission tomography (PET). Copper Cu 64 dotatate has a longer half-life and can be produced once a day as opposed to several times a day, and lower positron energy lending to improved spatial resolution. Further studies should be performed to compare the two tracers.   Further, PET using Copper Cu 64 dotatate has been found to perform better than the current gold standard of single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) using 111In-DTPA-octreotide. In a head-to-head trial, the former tracer detected twice as many lesions as the latter.", "Copper Cu 64 Dotatate is a radioconjugate consisting of the somatostatin analog tyrosine-3-octreotate (Tyr3-octreotate or TATE) labeled, via the macrocyclic chelating agent 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetra-acetic acid (DOTA), with the positron emission tomography (PET) tracer copper Cu 64, which may be used to image somatostatin receptor (SSTR)-expressing neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) upon PET. Upon administration of copper Cu 64 Dotatate, the TATE moiety targets and binds to SSTRs, with a much higher affinity for type 2 SSTR, present on the cell membranes of many types of NETs. This allows for visualization of SSTR-positive tumor cells upon PET. SSTR subtypes have been shown to be present in large numbers on NETs and their metastases, while most other normal tissues express low levels of SSTR subtypes."]], ["Satoreotide trizoxetan gallium GA-68", "C[C@H]([C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](CSSC[C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N1)CCCCN)CC2=CC=C(C=C2)NC(=O)N)CC3=CC=C(C=C3)NC(=O)[C@@H]4CC(=O)NC(=O)N4)NC(=O)[C@H](CC5=CC=C(C=C5)Cl)NC(=O)CCC(C(=O)[O-])N6CCN(CCN(CC6)CC(=O)[O-])CC(=O)[O-])C(=O)N[C@H](CC7=CC=C(C=C7)O)C(=O)N)O.[68Ga+3]", ["Gallium Ga 68 Satoreotide Trizoxetan is a radioconjugate consisting of the somatostatin antagonistic peptide OPS202 that is labeled with the positron-emitting radionuclide gallium Ga 68, which may be used as a somatostatin receptor (SSTR) imaging agent in conjunction with positron emission tomography (PET) to image neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). Gallium Ga 68 satoreotide trizoxetan binds to SSTR subtype 2 present on the cell membranes of many types of NETs. This allows for visualization of SSTR-positive cells upon imaging. SSTR subtypes have been shown to be present in large numbers on NETs and their metastases, while most other normal tissues express low levels of SSTR subtypes."]], ["RAS inhibitor LUNA18", "CC[C@H](C)[C@H]1C(=O)N([C@H](C(=O)N2CC[C@H]2C(=O)N([C@H](C(=O)N(CC(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N3CCC[C@H]3C(=O)NC4(CCCC4)C(=O)N([C@H](C(=O)N([C@H](C(=O)N([C@H](C(=O)N1)CC(C)C)C)CC(=O)N(C)C)C)C5CCCC5)C)CCC6=CC(=C(C(=C6)F)C(F)(F)F)F)C)CC7=CC=C(C=C7)C)CC)C)C", ["Ras Inhibitor LUNA18 is an orally bioavailable cyclic peptide and Ras inhibitor, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, Ras inhibitor LUNA18 selectively targets, binds to and inhibits Ras, thereby inhibiting Ras-dependent signaling and inhibits proliferation of tumor cells in which Ras is overexpressed and/or mutated. Ras serves an important role in cell signaling, division and differentiation. Mutations of Ras may induce constitutive signal transduction leading to tumor cell growth, proliferation, invasion, and metastasis."]], ["Ceftolozane-tazobactam", "C[C@@]1([C@@H](N2[C@H](S1(=O)=O)CC2=O)C(=O)O)CN3C=CN=N3.CC(C)(C(=O)O)O/N=C(\\C1=NSC(=N1)N)/C(=O)N[C@H]2[C@@H]3N(C2=O)C(=C(CS3)C[N+]4=CC(=C(N4C)N)NC(=O)NCCN)C(=O)[O-].OS(=O)(=O)O", ["Ceftolozane-Tazobactam is a combination preparation containing ceftolozane, a semi-synthetic, broad-spectrum, fifth-generation cephalosporin and tazobactam, a beta-lactamase inhibitor, with activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Upon intravenous administration, ceftolozane binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall. This interferes with the final transpeptidation step required to form peptidoglycan chain cross-links, which are a key component of and provide strength and rigidity to the bacterial cell wall. This inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis and reduces cell wall stability, which weakens the bacterial cell wall and causes bacterial cell lysis. Tazobactam irreversibly inhibits certain penicillinases and cephalosporinases and covalently binds to some chromosomal and plasmid-mediated bacterial beta-lactamases, thereby protecting ceftolozane from degradation and improving ceftolozane's activity."]], ["[(9S,12S,13R,14S,16R)-13,20,22-trihydroxy-8,14-dimethoxy-4,10,12,16-tetramethyl-3-oxo-19-(prop-2-enylamino)-2-azabicyclo[16.3.1]docosa-1(21),4,6,10,18(22),19-hexaen-9-yl] carbamate;hydrochloride", "C[C@H]1C[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](C=C([C@@H](C(C=CC=C(C(=O)NC2=CC(=C(C(=C2O)C1)NCC=C)O)C)OC)OC(=O)N)C)C)O)OC.Cl", ["Retaspimycin Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt of a small-molecule inhibitor of heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) with antiproliferative and antineoplastic activities. Retaspimycin binds to and inhibits the cytosolic chaperone functions of HSP90, which maintains the stability and functional shape of many oncogenic signaling proteins and may be overexpressed or overactive in tumor cells. Retaspimycin-mediated inhibition of HSP90 promotes the proteasomal degradation of oncogenic signaling proteins in susceptible tumor cell populations, which may result in the induction of apoptosis."]], ["(1S,2S,4R,8S,9S,13R)-11-hydroxy-8-(2-hydroxyacetyl)-9,13-dimethyl-6-propyl-5,7-dioxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosa-14,17-dien-16-one", "CCCC1O[C@@H]2C[C@H]3[C@@H]4CCC5=CC(=O)C=C[C@@]5(C4C(C[C@@]3([C@@]2(O1)C(=O)CO)C)O)C", ["A glucocorticoid used in the management of ASTHMA, the treatment of various skin disorders, and allergic RHINITIS."]], ["[(2S,3S,4R,6S)-6-[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-6-[[(4R,5S,7R,9R,10R,11E,13Z,16R)-4-acetyloxy-10-hydroxy-5-methoxy-9,16-dimethyl-2-oxo-7-(2-oxoethyl)-1-oxacyclohexadeca-11,13-dien-6-yl]oxy]-4-(dimethylamino)-5-hydroxy-2-methyloxan-3-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-2,4-dimethyloxan-3-yl] 3-methylbutanoate", "C[C@@H]1C/C=C\\C=C\\[C@@H]([C@@H](C[C@@H](C([C@H]([C@@H](CC(=O)O1)OC(=O)C)OC)O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O2)C)O[C@H]3C[C@@]([C@H]([C@@H](O3)C)OC(=O)CC(C)C)(C)O)N(C)C)O)CC=O)C)O", ["A macrolide antibiotic from Streptomyces narbonensis. The drug has antimicrobial activity against a wide spectrum of pathogens."]], ["N-[(6S,15S,16R,19S,22S,25R)-25-[[(3S)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl]sulfanylmethyl]-3-[[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]methyl]-12-ethyl-4,16-dimethyl-2,5,11,14,18,21,24-heptaoxo-19-phenyl-17-oxa-1,4,10,13,20-pentazatricyclo[20.4.0.06,10]hexacosan-15-yl]-3-hydroxypyridine-2-carboxamide", "CCC1C(=O)N2CCC[C@H]2C(=O)N(C(C(=O)N3C[C@H](C(=O)C[C@H]3C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)O[C@@H]([C@@H](C(=O)N1)NC(=O)C4=C(C=CC=N4)O)C)C5=CC=CC=C5)CS[C@@H]6CN7CCC6CC7)CC8=CC=C(C=C8)N(C)C)C", ["Quinupristin is a semi-synthetic derivative of pristinamycin, a natural occurring type B streptogramin. Quinupristin binds to the bacterial 50S ribosomal subunit, thereby inhibiting peptide chain elongation, and causing early termination of normal bacterial protein synthesis. Quinupristin is primarily effective against gram-positive cocci."]], ["(3R,4S,5S,6R,7R,9R,11R,12R,13S)-6-[(2S,3R,4S,6R)-4-(dimethylamino)-3-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-14-ethyl-7,12,13-trihydroxy-4-[(2R,4R,5S,6S)-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-4,6-dimethyloxan-2-yl]oxy-3,5,7,9,11,13-hexamethyl-oxacyclotetradecane-2,10-dione;(2R,3R,4R,5R)-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroxy-4-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyhexanoic acid", "CCC1[C@@]([C@@H]([C@H](C(=O)[C@@H](C[C@@]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](C(=O)O1)C)O[C@H]2C[C@@]([C@H]([C@@H](O2)C)O)(C)OC)C)O[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@H](C[C@H](O3)C)N(C)C)O)(C)O)C)C)O)(C)O.C([C@@H]1[C@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O1)O[C@H]([C@@H](CO)O)[C@@H]([C@H](C(=O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O", ["Erythromycin Lactobionate is the lactobionate salt form of erythromycin, a broad-spectrum, topical macrolide antibiotic with antibacterial activity. Erythromycin lactobionate diffuses through the bacterial cell membrane and reversibly binds to the 50S subunit of the bacterial ribosome. This prevents bacterial protein synthesis. Erythromycin lactobionate may be bacteriostatic or bactericidal in action, depending on the concentration of the drug at the site of infection and the susceptibility of the organism involved."]], ["(2S)-4-(4-acetylpiperazin-1-yl)-N-[(1R)-1-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl]-2-(4-fluoro-2-methylphenyl)-N-methylpiperidine-1-carboxamide", "CC1=C(C=CC(=C1)F)[C@@H]2CC(CCN2C(=O)N(C)[C@H](C)C3=CC(=CC(=C3)C(F)(F)F)C(F)(F)F)N4CCN(CC4)C(=O)C", ["Casopitant is a centrally-acting neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor antagonist with antidepressant and antiemetic activities. Casopitant competitively binds to and blocks the activity of the NK-receptor, thereby inhibiting NK1-receptor binding of the endogenous tachykinin neuropeptide substance P (SP), which may result in antiemetic effects. SP is found in neurons of vagal afferent fibers innervating the brain-stem nucleus tractus solitarii and the area postrema, which contains the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ), and may be elevated in response to chemotherapy. The NK-receptor is a G-protein receptor coupled to the inositol phosphate signal-transduction pathway and is found in both the nucleus tractus solitarii and the area postrema."]]]
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