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<s>[INST] context: Watch out, Yahoo.There's a search engine out there with super speed and accuracy.It's really cool.
Google is the Web's largest search engine.In just two years it has gained a fame for surprising speed and accuracy, sending exactly what you're looking for in a second.The site now does this 40 million times a day--a number achieved without spending a penny on a TV or newspaper ad.
Google doesn't need them. In the past six months alone, the site has won a Webby (the online version of the Oscar) for technical excellence, sets a new record for search engines by indexing a billion Web pages.
Yahoo still has 10 times the audience, but Google consistently ranks first in customer satisfaction: 97% of users find what they're looking for most or all of the time."You see people smile when they use it, like they've found something no one else knows about," says Danny Sullivan, editor of an online newsletter.
No one is smiling more than Larry Page, 27, and Sergey Brin, 26, who seem certain to become billionaires when the company goes public, probably sometime next year.They make a great comedy.When they first met as PhD students, the pair say, they found each other horrible--"I still find him horrible," adds Brin--but were driven together by a computer science project aimed at coming up with better ways of searching the Web.
The idea behind Google is that traditional search engines are stupid.They think the connection is based on repetition; if you type in a request for Tiger Woods, say, you'll get websites listed according to how many times those words appear.Not only is this no guarantee of quality, but it's also open to bad use.If you own a Tiger fan site and want to lead more people to it, simply type his name thousands of times in the site's source code. [/INST] question: Which of the following wins greater customer satisfaction? | options: A: Yahoo B: Google C: Page D: Brin | answer: B </s> |
<s>[INST] context: a. The 1-carbon groups that FH4 receives are transferred to various compounds (see Figure I below, steps 5 to 8).(1). Purine precursors obtain carbons 2 and 8 from FH4 . Purines are required for DNA and RNA synthesis.(2). dUMP forms dTMP by accepting a 1-carbon group from FH4 (Figure II). This reaction produces the thymine required for DNA synthesis.(a). The methylene group is reduced to a methyl group in this reaction, and FH4 is oxidized to FH2 .(b). FH2 is reduced to FH4 in the NADPH-requiring reaction catalyzed by FH2 reductase.(3). Glycine obtains a 1-carbon group from FH4 to form serine.(4). Vitamin B12 obtains a methyl group from 5-methyl-FH4 . The methyl group is transferred from methyl-B12 to homocysteine to form methionine (see Figure III, reaction 8). This is the only fate of 5-methyl-FH4 .Folate deficiency results in a megaloblastic anemia because of decreased production of purines and the pyrimidine thymine. Thus, lack of folate causes decreased DNA synthesis. In contrast with a vitamin B12 deficiency, neurologic problems do not occur in a folate deficiency. A hypochromic, microcytic anemia can result from the lack of iron, or lack of pyridoxal phosphate. Both conditions lead to a reduction in the synthesis of heme, so the red cells cannot carry as much oxygen (which gives them the pale color). The cells are small in order to maximize the concentration of hemoglobin present in the cells. Hemolytic anemia occurs when the red cell membrane fragments, which can occur with pyruvate kinase deficiencies or a lack of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity (which results in reduced NADPH levels). Sickle cell anemia is caused by a point mutation in the b-globin gene, substituting a valine for a glutamic acid.I. The sources of carbon (1 to 4) for the FH4 pool and the recipients of carbon (5 to 8) from the pool. ATP, adenosine triphosphate; dUMP, deoxyuridine monophosphate; dTMP, deoxythymidine monophosphate; FH2 , dihydrofolate; FH4 , tetrahydrofolate; NAD, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; NADP, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate; NADPH, reduced NADP; Pi, inorganic phosphate; PPi, pyrophosphate.II. The transfer of a 1-carbon unit from serine to deoxyuridine monophosphate (dUMP) to form deoxythymidine monophosphate (dTMP). FH4 is oxidized to FH2 in this reaction. FH2 is reduced to FH4 by dihydrofolate reductase. The rectangles indicate the steps at which the antimetabolites methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil act. FH2 , dihydrofolate; FH4 , tetrahydrofolate; NADP, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate; NADPH, reduced NADP.III. The decarboxylation of glutamate to form GABA. PLP, pyridoxal phosphate. GABA, g-aminobutyric acid. [/INST] question: A deficiency of substance Folate can result in an anemia. Choose the type of anemia that would occur if the substance were deficient. | options: A: Megaloblastic anemia B: Hypochromic, microcytic anemia C: Hemolytic anemia D: Sickle cell anemia | answer: A </s> |
<s>[INST] context: How much do you know about school life in Singapore?
In Singapore, many middle school students spend a lot of time on their studies. People there always think that good schooling is the ticket to success . So, many of these students try their best to get good results in their exams. They have a lot of homework every day and exams are usually a big problem to them. Sometimes, a few even have to go to evening classes after school.
Schools have many activities outside school hours. The students can join in sports and games, music and dance, swimming and rock-climbing. They also join in community service.
In their free time, most students like to listen to pop music. Hollywood movies, Hong Kong and Singapore movies are very popular, too. Some of them also spend their free time searching the Internet, e-mailing their friends, playing computer and video games.
They sometimes go to cafes, fast-food restaurants, shopping centers and big bookstores.
So life for middle school students in Singapore is not easy but rich and colorful. [/INST] question: What do people in Singapore always think is the ticket to success? | options: A: A good school B: Good schooling C: Doing much homework D: Having evening classes | answer: B </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Although in 1947 we were still very new to the atomic age, we knew about mushroom clouds. A huge crack spread across the library wall upstairs, sending teachers and students screaming down the hall.
Had a new world war started? Pale-faced, our young science teacher quickly organized us for a fire drill. We huddled in little groups on the beach side of the school grounds and watched the spreading cloud darken the bright spring sky.
Rumors flew every which way, although two hours would pass before we got the full story.One rumor we heard was that the Texas City Monsanto Chemical plant had blown up; children whose parents worked there began to weep.
I froze--that was where my father was working that day.
The school bell called us back inside, and we were dismissed to find our way home the best way we could. I-d walked a quarter of the three-mile trip to my home when a car horn startled me to attention. My Uncle Barney pulled up alongside me in his old Ford. The instant I saw him, I knew my father was gone. Otherwise, Papa would have come for me himself.
As if in slow motion from a great distance, Uncle Barney motioned for me to get in. Numb with grief, I crawled into the back seat. I barely took notice of the man sitting there, and didn't recognize him until he reached for me. When Papa put his strong arms around me, I forgot for a moment that Cherokees aren't supposed to cry.
Many of my fellow students lost their parents in the explosion. Tragedy would one day come to our family, as it inevitably comes to all, but on the day Texas City blew up, it miraculously passed us by. Because he lost his keys on that April morning, as he explained, my father lived for another 32 years-we were to have a second lifetime forever. [/INST] question: How did the science teacher react to the accident? | options: A: He was sad B: He acted quickly C: He panicked D: He felt helpless | answer: B </s> |
<s>[INST] context: A new report says promising children money to pass exams does not help exam grades. The report says parents could be wasting their money by using cash to get their kids to study more. However, the promise of a trip somewhere nice could encourage students to try harder and do better at school. Researchers from the University of Bristol (in England) and the University of Chicago (in the USA) looked at how promises of cash and tickets to events affected students' studying and learning. Over 10,000 pupils took part in the research throughout the year 2012. There was an improvement in classwork and homework, but this did not result in better test scores.
Lead researcher Dr Simon Burgess suggested the research looked at the wrong areas. He said it had not looked at the things that really got students to increase their effort. He added that: "Clearly, some pupils have a lot of goals and believe that education is a way of getting what they want out of life, but there are kids who think that working hard doesn't make a difference." He said these children think exam success is "all in your genes" because of their family background. Education expert Dr Kevan Collins said good teachers were better than promises of rewards to get children to study, especially for children from low-income families. He wrote: "What really makes the difference is how students are taught." [/INST] question: What can encourage students to study more? | options: A: music B: trips C: an iPad D: money | answer: B </s> |
<s>[INST] context: In the mid 1990s, people started doing business on the Internet. At that time, there were two kinds of companies. First, there were traditional companies which sold things in stores. Then, there were Internet companies which didn't have stores, they sold things only over the Net.
Traditional companies didn't want to lose any business. Quickly, they created their own websites and began selling things over the Net. These are the so-called "brick and click" companies. Many stores are made of brick, and you click on your mouse to buy things with your computer. That's where the name "brick and click" comes from.
By the late 1990s, e-businesses like Amazon.com, Buy.com, and eToys.com were in trouble. Their profits were not very high, and there was a lot of competition. Many of these businesses lost a lot of money, and in 2000, many e-businesses were out of business.
In the world of e-commerce , companies are fighting for every dollar and every customer. Will brick and click companies win the war? Only time will tell. [/INST] question: Many traditional companies created their own websites in _ . | options: A: the early l990s B: the mid l990s C: the late l990s D: 1990s | answer: B </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Ben Olsen had great careers as professional players. His story tells a lot about the past, present and future of professional soccer in America.
Ben Olsen was an important part of D.C. United's early success. He was the top new player, or rookie of the year, in 1998. His young professional career reached a high point the next season. D.C. United won the M.L.S. Cup, the league championship , on the strength of a Most Valuable Player performance by Olsen. He scored one of two goals for his team in the win against the Los Angeles Galaxy.
Ben Olsen looks back on his score in that championship as his most memorable. "I'd lost a lot of championships before that year, so that was a special game." said Ben Olsen.
Like many top American soccer players, Olsen played overseas. He joined the club Nottingham Forest in Britain. He says different leagues have different styles of play. "Some teams are very fast and athletic. Some teams are a little bit more low pressure on the ball and more skillful players. England has always been known to be a fast and physical league."
Olsen was also a part of the United States World Cup team of 2006. He says playing for his country was something he will never forget.
Ben Olsen has had five operations for severe ankle injuries. Still, he had one of his best years in 2007. He scored seven goals including a "hat trick"-- three in one game.
Ben Olsen celebrates his third goal in one game against the New York Red Bull in June of 2007
He was recognized for his outstanding play with an M.L.S. Best Eleven award. He accepted the award in a wheelchair after a minor operation became major ankle surgery . Ben Olsen retired after the 2009 season. Today he is an assistant coach with D.C. United. [/INST] question: When did Ben Olsen begin to win championship? | options: A: In 1998 B: In 2007 C: In 1999 D: In 2006 | answer: C </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Drinking green tea is known to be good for you. Some people suggest drinking 2-3 cups of it a day, and I would say at least one is highly advisable.
As many people have already known, tea is filled with powerful antioxidants that will help stop free radicals . Free radicals are harmful to our systems in that they can lead to cell and DNA change, even cell death, and can lead to cancer.
Green tea has been drunk throughout Thailand, China, India and Japan for centuries. It is known in these places that green tea can help improve digestion and mental clearness and lower one's blood sugar. It can also help control bleeding, so that injuries can be cured more quickly.
Some studies even suggest that drinking green tea on a regular basis can help a person lose weight. Green tea can help a person feel fuller throughout the day with its pleasant smell and taste, and just taking the time to smell it can help ease one's hunger.
In short, both studies of green tea and its history show that it is a great thing to drink for your health. [/INST] question: Which of the following can cause DNA change and even cell death? | options: A: Cell change B: Blood sugar C: Free radicals D: Antioxidants | answer: C </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Art robbery and art forgery are both major themes in crime movies and literature.In the 2012 comedy movie Gambit, British actor Colin Firth plays an art curator who cheats his abusive boss into buying a fake Monet. In reality, art crimes are no less interesting and exciting.
According to The New York Times, over the past 15 years, Glafira Rosales fooled two local commercial art galleries into buying 63 false works of art for more than $30 million.She passed off fake paintings as works by 20th century modernist masters such as American artists Mark Rothko and Jackson Pollock.But in fact, these so called "newly discovered works" were all produced by a single man, a Chinese immigrant named Qian Peishen.
The art world was shocked by Rosales' deception.But to the public, it was amusing and most satisfying to see wealthy people get tricked.
So what decides the value of a piece of art? Is it beauty? Is it the artist's talent and craftsmanship? Or is it just because the artist is famous?
We should take beauty out. If the buyers were buying paintings only for their beauty, they'll be content displaying good fakes on their walls. They wouldn't be so upset when a forgery is exposed.
The art market claims that great artists are inimitable, and that this inimitability justifies the absurd price of their works. We can't deny that most famous artists are good at what they do, but forgers like Qian show that their works are imitable.Otherwise, the difference between the original and the copycats would be obvious and Rosales would not be able to fool anyone.
According to an article in the Economist, expensive paintings are what economists call positional goods. They are valuable because other people can't have them. With other goods, a higher price reduces demand.But art turns down the laws of economics. "When the goods that is really being purchased is evidence that the buyer has paid a lot, price increases cause demand to boom," explained the article.
That's why scarcity and authenticity are so important in the art market. Artists sometimes forget this.Demien Hirst, the British pop artist, is famous for his spot paintings. But they dropped in value when it became clear that they had been produced in quantities so vast that nobody knew how many were out there.The art market lost faith in these paintings because no one could be sure which of them were authentic and which were fake. [/INST] question: Who is amused and satisfied to see the rich buy forged works of art? | options: A: The public B: Glafira Rosales C: Qian Peishen D: Mark Rothlo and Jackson Pollock | answer: A </s> |
<s>[INST] context: They are the little sweeties who look pretty cute in a photo, or when sleeping--but a lot less appealing at 30, 000 ft, crying loudly in the seat right next to you.
According to a new survey, almost seven in ten Britons dislike flying with babies so much that they would like to see child-free areas introduced on planes. As for long-distance flights where people want to sleep, almost one in four British travelers believes that no-kid-zones should be fixed as required sections.
The survey was conducted by bookings website LateDeals.co.uk, with 1,108 UK consumers questioned as to what they hate most about air travel.
And our dislike of noisy children and babies on planes runs deep, it seems.
More than a third of us--35 percent--would pay extra to travel on a childless service.
Long-distance passengers would be prepared to pay an additional PS63 to the cost of a return ticket if it meant adults only on board. And on short-distance flights, an extra PS28 on the price of a return fare would be considered good value if it guaranteed an absence of angry babies in the middle of the economy-class aisle .
However, screaming babies are not the only source of annoyance for British travelers. In fact, according to the research on the most annoying types of airline passengers, a crying baby ranks as only the fourth. Over half of those surveyed--58 percent--selected "drunk travelers" as their _ . People with "bad personal hygiene " and travelers who kick the back of the seat in front were also near the top of the list, causing anger to 48 and 47 percent of us respectively .
Crying babies came in at fourth on the list, a pet peeve for 43 percent of those surveyed. [/INST] question: Britons dislike flying with babies because they _ . | options: A: make too much noise B: get angry easily C: sleep right next to them D: stay in the economy-class aisle | answer: A </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Mrs. Smith is an unusual teacher. Once she told each student to bring along a few potatoes in plastic bag. On each potato the students had to write a name of a person that they hated And the next day, every child brought some potatoes. Some had two potatoes;some three;some up to five.
Mrs. Smith then told the children to carry the bags everywhere they went, even to the toilet, for two weeks. As day after day passed, the children started to complain about the awful smell of the rotten potatoes.
Those children who brought five potatoes began to feel the weight trouble of the bags. After two weeks, the children were happy to hear that the game was finally ended. Mrs. Smith asked,"How did you feel while carrying the potatoes for two weeks?" The children started complaining about the trouble loudly.
Then Mrs. Smith told them why she asked them to play the game. She said,"This is exactly the situation when you carry your hatred for somebody inside your heart. The terrible smell of the hatred will pollute your heart and you will carry something unnecessary with you all the time. If you cannot stand the smell of the rotten potatoes for just two weeks, can you imagine how heavy it would be to have the hatred in your heart for your lifetime? So throw away any hatred from your heart, and you'll be really happy.
,. [/INST] question: Mrs.Smith asked her students to write _ on the potatoes. | options: A: numbers B: names C: time D: places | answer: B </s> |
<s>[INST] context: In certain situations, such as in an infant born to an HIV-positive mother, prophylaxis against P jiroveci (formerly known as P carinii) infection is instituted. While awaiting final determination of this infant's HIV status, which can take several months, prophylaxis with trimethoprim- sulfamethoxazole starting at 6 weeks is usually appropriate.Severe anemia can be associated with AIDS and can require blood transfusion, especially if there is evidence of respiratory compromise. Bone marrow transplants in AIDS patients have been unsuccessful thus far because of the persistence of virus in macrophages throughout the body. HIV-positive and AIDS patients should receive primary and booster immunization with diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus (DPT) vaccine, measlesmumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine (unless severely immunocompromised), hepatitis B vaccine, and Haemophilus influenzae type B conjugated vaccine (HibCV). Inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) is recommended in place of oral polio vaccine (OPV) for all patients now (not just immunosuppressed patients) because of the theoretical risk of paralytic polio. If children with HIV are exposed to measles, they should receive a protective dose of measles immunoglobulin regardless of their immunization history. Pneumovax at age 2 and influenza vaccine are recommended annually. Eventually, all patients infected with HIV will lose weight and fail to grow. The factors responsible include reduced caloric intake because of poor appetite, intestinal malabsorption, and increased resting energy expenditure associated with chronic infection. Maintaining adequate nutrition in AIDS patients is very difficult, but vitamin C supplementation, by itself, has no special benefits. Kaposi sarcoma is rare in children. [/INST] question: A 2-month-old child of an HIV-positive mother is followed in your pediatric practice. Which of the following therapies should be considered for this child? | options: A: Monthly evaluation for Kaposi sarcoma B: Prophylaxis against Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (Pneumocystis carinii) C: Vitamin C supplementation D: Oral polio virus vaccine | answer: B </s> |
<s>[INST] context: On June 11th, 2013, China sent up her tenth spaceship Shenzhou X into space successfully. And three astronauts went together with it. They were Nie Haisheng, Zhang Xiaoguang and Wang Yaping. Here is some information about the three astronauts.
Nie Haisheng was born in September, 1964. He is from Xiangyang, Hubei. After graduating from high school, he joined the PLA Air Force, and became a fighter pilot. In 1998, he was chosen for the astronaut program. He carried out Shenzhou VI with Fei Junlong in 2005. In 2013, he flew into space for his second time with Shenzhou X. He is the commander of this mission.
Zhang Xiaoguang is from Jinzhou, Liaoning Province. He was born in May, 1966. Zhang joined the army in June 1985. In January 1998, Zhang was trained as one of China's first batch of astronauts. Before he was trained as an astronaut, Zhang was a senior pilot. It's reported that Zhang Xiaoguang is very humor and likes playing jokes very much.
After Liu Yang, Wang Yaping is the second woman astronaut in China. She was born in 1980 in Yantai, Shangdong. Wang Yaping joined the PLA in 1997. In 2010, Wang became a member of the second batch of Chinese astronauts and was chosen to the crew of the Shenzhou X space mission in April, 2013. Wang is China's first astronaut to give lectures to middle and elementary school students while in space. [/INST] question: How many astronauts were there flying in Shenzhou X ? | options: A: Two B: Three C: Four D: Five | answer: B </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Celebrities are more in love with themselves than the average person,according to a new study.
In case anyone needed proof, a new study supports the widely held perception:Famous people are more narcissistic ,which means they are more in love with themselves than the average person is.That is the conclusion drawn by Drew Pinsky and S.Mark Young of the University of Southern California,whose study of 200 celebrities will appear in the Journal Of Research in Personality.
It is not the entertainment industry that turns stars into narcissists,the study found.Rather, it suggests,the self-adoring people seek jobs in show business.The study, whose subjects were a11 celebrities from Pinsky's'Loveline'radio show, found that reality TV stars were the most narcissistic of all celebrities.Female stars were also more likely than the male stars to exhibit narcissistic characteristics.
It's "common sense" that celebrities are narcissists,said Jeremy Ritzlin,a longtime Hollywood psychologist who has not seen the study."Everyone knows famous people are really in love with themselves,"he said."So it would be natural for narcissists to be attracted toward the stage and spotlight,where other people will also think highly of them."
Pinsky, an assistant clinical professor of psychiatry at USC'S Keck School of Medicine,said narcissists desire attention,are overconfident,behave strangely and lack sympathy."However, they are easily-liked,especially on first meeting,are outgoing and perform well in public," added Pinsky, who has hosted the radio show"Loveline"for 20 years.
Celebrity guests appearing on the program were randomly chosen to participate in the study.They anonymously took the Narcissistic Personality Inventory test.which rates self-love levels based on seven components:superiority, exhibitionism,entitlement,vanity,authority, exploitativeness,and self-sufficiency. [/INST] question: Who are most likely to be self-adoring in the study? | options: A: The women stars B: The men stars C: The average people D: It is not mentioned in the passage | answer: A </s> |
<s>[INST] context: For newly married couples oral contraceptive pill is the method of choice provided there are no contraindications.
It has many noncontraceptive benefits along with effective contraception.
Barrier and Natural methods have high failure rate.
IUCD are not prescribed in nulliparous females due to increase risk of PID and infertility
In a couple who are living separately in two cities and meet only, occasionally contraception of choice is barrier method.
“Condom are suitable for use in old ager for couple who have infrequiuent coitus, during lactation, during holidays, subject who can not tolerate OCP, IUCD”.
In Breastfeeding Females
For lactating mothers, contraceptive should be chosen in such a way that in addition to providing effective contraception, they do not adversely affect the success of lactation or the health of the infant. Barriers have a high failure rate of 4–14% and not reliable for long-term control.
As estrogens decrease the quality and quantity of milk, COC pills are absolutely contraindicated in lactating mothers.
Lactation Amenorrhea Method (LAM)
• Excessive secretion of prolactin, which controls lactation, inhibits the pituitary. Prolactin inhibits luteinizing hormone (LH) but has no effect on follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). However, it partially inhibits ovarian respons to both of these gonadotropins. As a result, while the prolactin level remains high, the ovary produces little estrogen and no progesterone. Hence, ovulation and menstruation are affected.
• LAM is effective only till 6 months postpartum. Beyond this, it is not a reliable method.
• Even for the 6 months, it is effective only if there is exclusive breastfeeding.
• It any time in the first 6 months the menses starts, then it cannot be used as birth control.
• POPs are safe with breastfeeding and very effective. They were mainly designed especially for lactating mothers. [/INST] question: . Ideal contraceptive for lactating mother is: | options: A: Barrier method B: Combined OCP C: Lactational amenorrhoea D: Progesterone only pill | answer: D </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Hormonal drug therapy for breast cancer targets estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. It aims at blocking the action of estrogen on estrogen receptor-positive breast cells. The hormonal therapy of choice for breast cancer in premenopausal women is Tamoxifen. Tamoxifen belongs to a class of drugs known as Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator". Tamoxifen binds to the estrogen receptors on tumours and blocks the effect of estrogen on these cells. Tamoxifen is only effective in treating estrogen receptor-positive breast cancers. Therefore the tumour's hormone receptor status should be determined before deciding on a treatment option for breast cancer. Tamoxifen is used to treat patients with early sta2e breast cancer as well as those with metastatic breast cancer Adjuvant therapy with Tamoxifen Chemotherapy after primary t/t to increase the chance of cure. It helps in preventing the recurrence and also helps to prevent the development of new cancers in the other breast When used as adjuvant chemotherapy it is usually taken for 5 years. When taken for 5 years if reduces the chance of the original breast cancer coming back in the same breast or elsewhere. It also reduces the risk of developing secondary primary cancer. Metastatic cancer therapy with Tamoxifen As a treatment for metastatic breast cancer, the drug slows or stops the growth of cancer cells that are present in the body. Patient with metastatic breast cancer may have to take tamoxifen for varying lengths of time. ref - srb's manual of surgery 5e p530,551 [/INST] question: A drug used in estrogen-dependent breast cancer | options: A: Clomiphene citrate B: Tamoxifen C: Estrogen D: Adriamycin | answer: B </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Spring is just around the corner and it's a time to get outside and enjoy the great outdoors. Here is a selection of festivals around the country that are a great excuse to travel and get back in the spring sunshine.
Dana Point Festival of the Whales
Dana Point, California
March 7 to 8 and 14 to 15, 2010
Each year, over two sunny weekends in March the town of Dana Point, California celebrates the return of migratory California gray whales to this part of the Pacific Ocean. Festivities include whale-watching, an arts festival and educational hands-on activities for the entire family. Prices start at $29 per adult and $19 for children. For more information, visit:
www.dpfestivalofwhales.com
Chandler Ostrich Festival
Chandler, Arizona
March 13 to 15, 2010
Chandler is the center of ostrich ranching in the USA. You can see
ride these feathered beasts around the ostrich track at Tumbleweed Park. General admission is $9 for adults, $8 for seniors, $7 for children aged 5 to 12 and kids 4 and under are free. For more information, visit:
www.ostrichfestival.com
Festival of Houses and Gardens
Charleston, South Carolina
March 19 to April 18, 2010
The Historic Charleston Foundation gives curious travelers the opportunity to explore gardens of some of the finest private residences in America. Each 3-hour tour (afternoons from 2 to 5 pm and evenings from 6 to 9 pm) lets you visit 8 to 10 properties dating from the American colonial period. Prices range from $25 to $45. For more information, visit:
www.historiccharleston.org
Tulip Time Festival
Holland, Michigan
May 1 to 9, 2010
You don't need to travel to the Netherlands this spring to see and smell some of the world's finest tulips . The annual Tulip Time Festival, one of the largest flower festivals in the country, will kick off with fireworks on May 1. Admission fee ranges from $6 for the children's area to $38 for theatre tickets. Tickets and more information are available at:
www.tuliptime.com [/INST] question: A couple with their 4-year-old son will go whale-watching. They have to pay _ . | options: A: $58 B: $38 C: $48 D: $77 | answer: D </s> |
<s>[INST] context: The accommodation reflex is performed by constriction of the pupil when trying to focus on a near object. This function is controlled by the parasympathetic nerve fibers carried in the oculomotor nerve from the Edinger-Westphal nucleus of the midbrain that synapse in the ciliary ganglion. Postganglionic axons act on the sphincter pupillae muscle to cause reduction in pupil diameter and on the ciliary muscle to cause relaxation of the suspensory ligament, allowing the lens to adopt a more spherical shape for near focusing. If there is a lack of accommodation, it means the action of the ciliary muscle is compromised. The ciliary muscle also gets parasympathetic innervation by postganglionic neurons evoked from the ciliary ganglion by GVE fibers of oculomotor nerve whose cell bodies are located in the Edinger-Westphal nucleus. The superior salivatory nucleus is involved with lacrimation and salivation, not the ciliary muscle and accommodation. The superior cervical ganglion is a sympathetic ganglion; its postganglionic axons innervate the dilator pupillae muscle, which causes mydriasis, but not the miosis of accommodation. The trigeminal ganglion does not have parasympathetic fibers and does not innervate the ciliary muscle for accommodation. [/INST] question: A 32-year-old woman is admitted to the hospital after losing consciousness and collapsing in the middle of the street. A neurologic examination reveals absence of the accommodation reflex of her right eye. Which of the following is most likely involved in the pathology in this patient? | options: A: Superior salivatory nucleus B: Superior cervical ganglion C: Nervus intermedius D: Edinger-Westphal nucleus | answer: D </s> |
<s>[INST] context: There's a story told about an elderly lady in Arkansas.The state voted to increase welfare payments to the poor.Hoping for a tear-jerker story,a television interviewer went into the back hills where many welfare recipients lived.
The old woman he chose to interview lived in a one-room shack :cold in winter;hot in summer.Her bed was a few rough planks nailed together,with a pine-needle mattress.A couple thin blankets,and a fireplace,did little to protect her from the cold.
Her furniture,a table and two chairs,were fashioned from the same rough wood as her bed.Some shelves held a few cans of food from the general store.a three mile walk down the road.Several jars of preserves and a few squash completed her larder .
She had no fridge or freezer.The fireplace provided heat for cooking.With no phone or television her only connection with the outside world was an old radio that pulled in two or three local stations on a good day.
The old woman had one convenience, running water.A crystal clear stream.flowed a short distance behind her home.
A small garden near her back door provided fresh vegetables during the summer,and some squash and turnips for the winter.A tidy flower garden brightened the front of her house.
The television crew arrived and set up their big expensive cameras.Their mobile station. broadcast pictures of the woman and the place she called home.
Eventually the interviewer asked the old woman,"If the government gave you $200 more each month,what would you do with it?"
Without hesitation the woman replied,"I'd give it to the poor." [/INST] question: How did the woman get water? | options: A: From the tap B: From a stream C: From a spring D: From a well behind her house | answer: B </s> |
<s>[INST] context: You-yes, you!-can help keep people from getting sick this flu season. How? It's not too hard. Just take these steps:
*Wash your hands often, especially before eating and after coughing or blowing your nose.
*Keep your coughs to yourself(use a _ instead of your hand).
*Keep your hands out of your eyes, mouth, and nose.
You may have heard all this before, but flu season is a great time to really start doing them. By following these pieces of advice, you might be able to keep yourself from getting sick and stop germs from spreading around and making other people sick.
So your hands are very important. A lot of germs get in our bodies from there. Germs get on our hands and we put our hands in our eyes, noses, and, especially, our mouths.
How to stop germs? Yeah, hand washing. You might pick up germs here and there. So when you wash your hands, you wash away germs.
But how to wash your hands? That's easy: wash your hands with soap and warm water(not cold or hot). Don't forget to wash around your fingernails . This is one place germs like to be. Wash for about 15 to 20 seconds---about how long it takes to sing "Happy Birthday" twice. [/INST] question: Maybe you needn't wash your hands _ . | options: A: before eating B: after coughing C: after eating D: blowing your nose | answer: C </s> |
<s>[INST] context: What is so amazing about giving blood?
The National Blood Service, which covers all of England and North Wales, needs nearly two and a half million blood donations each year. When you give blood, you'll be doing one of the most amazing things anybody could dream of -- saving a life.
_
All types of blood are needed --not just rare ones. In fact, the commoner the blood type, the more are needed. So even if your blood is one of the most common types -- group O for example -- you can be sure that by donating three times a year, you really are doing something amazing.
What is the donation process?
The donation will last about an hour in all. When you arrive, you will be asked a few questions about your health. Then a drop of blood will be taken and tested just to make sure you're not anemic . If all is well, your donation will be taken.
This only takes about ten minutes, during which time 470ml of blood will be collected. Most people hardly feel a thing. After a short rest, a drink and biscuits, you'll be up and ready to go. All equipment used in the collection of your blood is new and is never reused, so you don't have to worry about risks to your health in the collection of your blood.
Who can become a blood donor?
Becoming a blood donor really is very simple. As long as you're in good health and aged between 17 and 60, you can become a blood donor. If you would like more information or advice, or you want to become a blood donor, ring the donor helpline on 0845 7711. The donor helpline is open 24 hours a day -- every day of the year. [/INST] question: Before giving blood, you will _ . | options: A: take a blood test B: wait for one day C: fill in a form D: rest for a while | answer: A </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Welcome to Pocono Whitewater
There's something fun here at Pocono Whitewater for every level of adventurer! We have mild to wild whitewater rafting , family trips, and birdwatching boating. Choose one adventure now. It's up to you! We have trips available daily. Give us a call today!
Dam Release Whitewater Rafting
Experience the best whitewater on the Lehigh River! Surrounded by forests and mountains, you will enjoy 12 miles and 5 hours of Class III whitewater rafting and outstanding scenery. This is a fun and thrilling trip that everyone over the age of 12 can make. While paddling in the swift water, you'll shout and laugh.
Dam Release Whitewater Rafting Rates:
Individual (over the age of 12) : $61.00
Group (at least 8 persons) : $31.00
Rates Include: all necessary rafting equipment, life jackets, free parking, bus service to/from the river and professional river guides.
Family Style Whitewater Rafting
Bring along the whole family this summer and enjoy 8 miles and 5 hours of Class I whitewater rafting. Mild water of the Lehigh River is simply perfect for beginners, school groups, and kids aged 4 and older. This is just perfect for enjoying the passing scenery, kicking your feet over the edge of the raft, or taking a swim in the river!
One of the most unique things about this trip is a free riverside barbeque ! Our workers will cook and serve you a picnic lunch -- hotdogs, potato salad, fruit, etc. The classic family picnic!
Family Style Whitewater Rafting Rates:
Adult: $39.00
Child (aged 4--14) : $33.00
Group (at least 8 persons) : $30.00
Rates Include: all necessary rafting equipment, life jackets, free parking, bus service to/from the river, and a barbeque lunch, river guides not included. [/INST] question: Which of the following persons is suitable for Dam Release Whitewater Rafting? | options: A: A 4yearold boy B: A 6yearold girl C: An 8yearold girl D: A 14yearold girl | answer: D </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Homestay provides English language students with the opportunity to speak English outside the classroom and the experience of being part of a British home.
What to Expect
The host will provide accommodation and meals. Rooms will be cleaned and bedcovers changed at least once a week. You will be given the house key and the host is there to offer help and advice as well as to take an interest in your physical and mental health.
Accommodation Zones
Homestays are located in London mainly in Zones2,3 and 4 of the transport system. Most hosts do not live in the town centre as much of central London is commercial and not residential . Zones 3 and 4 often offer larger accommodation in a less crowed area. It is very convenient to travel in London by Underground.
Meal Plans Available
Continental Breakfast Breakfast and Dinner Breakfast, Packed Lunch and Dinner
It's important to note that few English families still provide a traditional cooked breakfast. Your accommodation includes Continental Breakfast which normally consists of fruit juice, cereal ,bread and tea or coffee. Cheese, fruit and cold meat are not normally part of a Continental Breakfast in England. Dinners usually consist of meat or fish with vegetables followed by dessert, fruit and coffee.
Friends
If you wish to invite a friend over to visit. you must first ask your host's permission. You have no right to entertain friends in a family home as some families feel it is an invasion of their privacy.
Self-Catering Accommodation in Private Homes
Accommodation on a room-only basis includes shared kitchen and bathroom facilities and often a main living room. This kind of accommodation offers an independent lifestyle and is more suitable for the long-stay student. However, it does not provide the same family atmosphere as an ordinary homestay and may not benefit those who need to practise English at home quite as much. [/INST] question: Which of the following will the host provide? | options: A: Room cleaning B: Medical care C: Free transport D: Physical training | answer: A </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Inside China Daily
China, Japan ink fishery accord
The New China -Japan Fishery Agreement will be put into effect starting June this year, Chinese vice - minister of agriculture, Qi Jingfa told a press conference yesterday in Beijing.
--Page 2
Offshore funeral
The remains of more than 500 dead will be scattered at sea this spring near the mouth of Yangtze River in Shanghai. To save space Shanghai officials discouraged land burials.
--Page 3
The only wise choice
Co -operation with the mainland for a peaceful reunification should be the only wise choice for the newly elected Taiwan leader.
--Page 4
Interest in activity such as fairs, galleries and exhibitions has caused the art market to take shape in China. --Page 9
Two sides of a story.
The government's efforts to cut the homework burden of primary and middle school students have drawn mixed reactions.
--Page 10
Blind, but not out.
Yang Jia, an English professor at the Chinese Academy of Science meets the challenges brought by the sudden loss of her eyesight and continues to make it in her work.
--Page 11 [/INST] question: The above section may possibly appear on _ of China Daily. | options: A: Page 5 B: the Front Page C: Page 9 D: the last page | answer: B </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Yellowstone and Grand Tetons Multisport Tour
In four great days, we discover waterfalls, wild animals, and natural hot springs in Yellowstone. In the Tetons, we rock climb, go biking in wildness and go boating on the Snake River's fun-filled rapids.
DAY 1: Bridger-Teton--Upper Geyser Basin
Ride a bicycle through the Bridger-Teton National Forest. Then head to Yellowstone and walk through Upper Geyser Basin and the world's largest active geysers . Witness Old Faithful's performance and settle into the comforts of classic Old Faithful Inn, dating from 1903.
DAY 2: Jenny Lake-Grand Tetons
Choose your own adventure! Spend the day in Grand Teton National Park hiking to Inspiration Point and Cascade Canyon. Or choose to hike along the shoreline of Jenny Lake for the whole day.
DAY3: Hidden Falls--Grand Tetons
Rock climb near Hidden Falls. Just bring a spirit of adventure, then leave the rest to our experienced guides. Or you can choose instead to take another hike, horseback ride or enjoy fishing in the area.
DAY 4: Antelope Flats--Snake River--Jackson
Ride a bicycle through wildlife-filled Antelope Flats before going boating for an exciting afternoon on the Snake River and the end of our journey in Jackson.
Trip Details
4 Days/3 Nights
Trip Type: Multisport
Price: $1,798 (camping); $2,298 (inn & camping)
Meeting Place: Jackson, Wyoming
Dates: June 24-June 29 (Singles, Camping); July 08-July 13 (Family, Camping); July 29-Aug. 03 (Family, Inn & Camping) [/INST] question: During the tour, on which activity will you spend the most time? | options: A: Biking B: Rock climbing C: Rafting D: Hiking | answer: D </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Efforts to reduce the damage from the huge oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico are under way . How can you help ?A number of organizations are recruiting volunteers.
The Deep Water Horizon response team is looking for help in identifying shoreline and animals affected . Oiled wildlife should not be captured but instead reported at 1-866-557-1401. To report areas with oil ashore or to leave contact information to volunteers in the affected areas , call 1-866-448-5816.
The National Wildlife Federation is looking for volunteers and support to help spot distressed or oiled wildlife , and to assist in the cleanup and restoration efforts along the coast of Louisiana. You can text the word "NWF" to 20222. That'ss donate $10 to the National Wildlife Federation through your phone bill.
United Way has launched the Gulf Recovery Fund . which is providing emergency assistance and long-term recovery support for the communities affected by this oil spill . Those who need help or want to volunteer can dial 2-1-1.You can donate to this fund by going to liveunited . org/gulfrecovery.or text the word "United" to 50555 to donate $10 from your mobile phone.
The First Response Team of America is working with the National Guard in Southern Louisiana to build dams to hold back the oil from the fragile coastal habitats . Their founder , Tad Agoglia --who was named a CNN Hero in 2008--has made their work on the oil . spill their top Priority until the disaster is contained.They are looking for volunteers . Call 941-388-3010.
AmenCares is providing medical care and supplies to oilspill victims along the Gulf , and is funding and assisting mental health assessments and counseling needs for the immediate and long-term health and mental health issues affecting children as a result of this disaster . Mental health experts are in great demand . The Children's Health Fund can be reached at 1-800-535-7418. [/INST] question: If you see an oiled bird in the Gulf of Mexico . you are supposed to _ . | options: A: catch it B: raise it at home C: call 1-866-557-1401 D: shoot at it | answer: C </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Saturday, March 20, 2010
Dear Mom and Dad,
The time has come: I'm graduating, and I thank you both for all your help during these 15 years. I still remember when you used to say, "You can be whatever you want". I'm so glad you are my parents, especially when I hear kids say they don't get on well with theirs. I'm glad that you support me when I decide to do anything. You always try to help, and that's important to me.
Dad, I remember when you first took me fishing. I loved going even though I never caught anything. I also remember when you would get angry with me. I realize you were only trying to show me the right way. When I would cry, you would always be there to try to cheer me up. That's what I call a good, loving, caring dad. Sometimes you and Mom don't agree with me, but you are there by my side in anything that I do, and that's why I love you both so much.
Mom, I enjoy going out with you and having our happy time every Friday night, and I hope that never changes. I love telling you everything; the best part about you is that you listen. I'm glad we do a lot together. You love to have fun, and _ You always give me your opinion and I listen.
Thank you for bringing me up.
Love always,
Allison [/INST] question: Allison writes the letter to show _ to her parents. | options: A: wishes B: support C: help D: thanks | answer: D </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Bob was happy. He was at a new school, and students there were friendly. "Hi, Bob!" some students greeted him, but some students said, "Hi, Peter!" Bob didn't understand. He asked one student. "Why do some students call me Peter?"
"Oh, that's easy to answer," the students said, "Peter was a student here last year. Now he is at a different school. You look like Peter. Some students thought that you were Peter."
Bob wanted to meet Peter. He got Peter's address from a student and went to Peter's house. Peter opened the door. Bob couldn't believe his eyes. He looked really like Peter! Bob and Peter had the same color eyes and same smile. They had the same black hair. They also had the same birthday. And they both were adopted by two different families.
Bob and Peter found out that they were twin brothers. Soon after the boys were born, one family adopted Bob, and another family adopted Peter. Bob's family never knew about Peter, and Peter's family never knew about Bob.
Soon Bob and Peter's story appeared in the newspaper. There was a photo of Bob and Peter next to the story. A young man called John saw the photo in the newspaper. John couldn't believe his eyes. He looked like Bob and Peter! He had the same color eyes and the same smile. He had the same black hair. He had the same birthday. And he, too, was adopted by another family.
Later John met Bob and Peter. When Bob and Peter saw John, they couldn't believe their eyes. John looked really like them! Why did John looked really like Bob and Peter? You can guess. Bob and Peter are not twins. Bob, Peter and John are triplets. [/INST] question: Bob felt _ at the new school. | options: A: interested B: happy C: sad D: sorry | answer: B </s> |
<s>[INST] context: A group of eight public high school students in Massachusetts, aged l5 to l7,designed and ran their own school within a school. They named their practice the Independent Project. They represented the usual range: two were close to dropping out before they started the project,while others were honors students.
Their guidance teacher was their adviser, consulting with them when the group encountered difficulties. Though they sought advice from English,math and science teachers, they were responsible for monitoring one another's work and giving one another feedback. There were no grades, but at the end of the term,the students wrote evaluations of their classmates.
The students also designed their own course. In addition to some regular courses,they each took on an 'individual project',learning to play the piano or to cook,writing a novel or making a video about domestic violence. At the end of the term,they performed their new skills in front of the entire school. The last part of their self - designed course was to do a 'collective project' that had social significance. Because they felt the whole experience had been so life - changing,they ended up making a film showing how other students could start and run their own schools.
The project was a success. After returning to their traditional study,the students have high motivation and are doing well. One student who had failed all of his previous math courses spent three weeks teaching the others about probability. The lesson learned here is that if students are given the opportunity to take control or contribute significantly to their own learning they will become more accomplished,more engaged and more knowledgeable.
The students in the project are remarkable because they demonstrate the kinds of learning and personal growth that are possible when teenagers feel ownership of their high school experience,learn things that matter to them and learn together. [/INST] question: Which of the following statements is TRUE? | options: A: Some students might drop out of high school B: The teachers monitored the students' homework C: The students themselves solved all their problems D: The teachers evaluate the students' performances | answer: A </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Two brothers, Herbert and James, lived with their mother and a cat named Edgar. James was particularly devoted to the cat, and when he had to leave town for several days, he left Herbert careful instructions about the pet's care. At the end of his first day away, James telephoned his brother, "How is Edgar?"
"Edgar is dead." Herbert answered. There was a pause. Then James said, "Herbert, you're insensitive . You know how close I was to Edgar. You should have broken the news to me slowly. When I asked about Edgar tonight, you should have said, 'Edgar's on the roof , but I have called the fire department to get him down.' And tomorrow when I called, you could have said the firemen were having trouble getting Edgar down, but you were hopeful they would succeed. Then when I called the third time, you could have told me that the firemen have done their best, but unfortunately Edgar had fallen off the roof and was at the veterinarian's . Then when I called the last time, you could have said that although everything possible had been done for Edgar, he had died. That's the way a sensitive man would have told me about Edgar. And, oh, before I forget," James added, "how is mother?"
"Oh," Herbert said, pausing for a moment, "She's on the roof." [/INST] question: James telephoned his brother at the end of his first day away because he wanted to know _ . | options: A: what he was doing B: whether he was good C: whether the cat was good D: where his mother was | answer: C </s> |
<s>[INST] context: The Bosniak classification system of renal cystic masses divides renal cystic masses into five categories based on imaging characteristics on contrast-enhanced CT. It is helpful in predicting a risk of malignancy and suggesting either follow up or treatment. Classification: Bosniak I -Simple cyst , imperceptible wall; Work up:nil; Percentage malignant: ~0% Bosniak 2 - Minimally complex, a few thin <1 mm septa or thin calcifications (thickness not measurable); non-enhancing high-attenuation (due to proteinaceous or haemorrhagic contents) renal lesions of less than 3 cm are also included in this category; these lesions are generally well marginated; Work-up: nil; Percentage malignant: ~0% Bosniak 2F - Minimally complex, increased number of septa, minimally thickened with nodular or thick calcifications there may be perceived (but not measurable) enhancement of a hairline-thin smooth septa hyperdense cyst >3 cm diameter, mostly intrarenal (less than 25% of wall visible); no enhancement; Requiring follow-up: needs ultrasound/CT follow up - no strict rules on the time frame but reasonable at 6 months; Percentage malignant: ~ 5% Bosniak 3 - Indeterminate thick, nodular multiple septa or wall with measurable enhancement, hyperdense on CT; Work-up: paial nephrectomy or radiofrequency ablation in elderly or poor surgical candidates; Percentage malignant: ~55% Bosniak 4 - Clearly malignant solid mass with a large cystic or a necrotic component; Treatment: paial or total nephrectomy; Percentage malignant: ~100%. [/INST] question: Bosniak classification is for? | options: A: Renal tuberculosis B: Renal cysts C: RCC D: VUR | answer: B </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Mini Book Excerpts
Biography
When Salinger learned that a car park was to be built on the land, the middle-aged writer was shocked and quickly bought the neighboring area to protect it ... The towns-people never forgot the rescue and came to help their most famous neighbor.
J.D. Sulinger : A Life by Kenneth Slawenski
(Random House, $27)
Mystery
" You' re a smart boy. Benny's death was no accident, and you 're the only one who saw it happen. Do you think the murderer should get away with it?" The boy was staring stubbornly at his lap again.
A thought suddenly occurred to Annika, " Did you... You recognized the man in the car, didn't you?"
The boy hesitated, twisting his fingers, " Maybe," he said quietly.
Red wolf by Liza Marklund (Atria books, $25.99)
Short stories
She wants to say to him what she has learned, none of it in class. Some women are born stupid, and some women are too smart for their own good. Some women are born to give, and some women only know how to take. Some women learn who they want to be from their mothers, some who they don't want to be. Some mothers suffer so their daughters won't. Some mothers love so their daughters won't.
You Are Free by Danzy Senna
( Riverhead Books, $15)
Humor
Do your kids like to have fun? Come to Fun Times! Do you like to watch your kids having fun? Bring them to Fun Times! Fun Times! 's " amusement cycling" is the most fun you can have, legally, in the United States right now. Why spend thousands of dollars flying to Disney World when you can spend less than half of that within a day's drive of most cities?
Happy: And Other Bad Thoughts by Larry Doyle
(Ecco, $14.99) [/INST] question: If the readers want to know about the life of Salinger, they should buy the book published by _ . | options: A: Ecco B: Atria Books C: Random House D: Riverhead Books | answer: C </s> |
<s>[INST] context: A boy was born to a couple after eleven years of marriage. They were a loving couple and the boy was the apple of their eyes. When the boy was around two years old, one morning the husband saw a medicine bottle open. He was late for work so he asked the wife to cap the bottle and keep it in the cupboard. The mother, preoccupied in the kitchen, totally forgot the matter.
The boy saw the bottle and playfully went to the bottle and, fascinated with its color1, drank it all. It happened to be a poisonous medicine meant for adults in small dosages. When the child collapsed, the mother hurried him to the hospital, where he died. The mother was stunned. She was terrified how to face her husband.
When the distraught father came to the hospital and saw the dead child, he looked at his wife and uttered just four words. "I Love You Darling"
The husband's totally unexpected reaction is proactive behavior. The child is dead. He can never be brought back to life. There is no point in finding fault with the mother. Besides, if only he have taken time to keep the bottle away, this will not have happened. No point in attaching blame. She had also lost her only child. What she needed at that moment was consolation and sympathy from the husband. That is what he gave her.
Sometimes we spend time asking who to blame, whether in a relationship, in a job or with the people we know. We miss out some warmth in human relationship in giving each other support. After all, shouldn't forgiving someone we love be the easiest thing in the world to do? Treasure what you have. Don't multiply pain, and suffering by holding on to forgiveness.
If everyone can look at life with this kind of perspective, there would be much fewer problems in the world. [/INST] question: Why was the two-year-old boy dead? | options: A: He was deadly ill B: His mother killed him C: He killed himself D: He drank some medicine by mistake | answer: D </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Here's a movie--a sharp, sugar-rush of fun that's guaranteed to entertain the entire family.
With some terrific computer-generated effects, a great cast and a fun-packed storyline, Robots is the best animated film since The Incredibles. Yep, it really is that good.
Set in a world populated by robots, Ewan McGregor plays Rodney Copperbottom, a young robot who leaves his small-town home to pursue his dream of becoming an inventor.
But after arriving in Robot City, his hopes of getting a job at Bigweld Industries are destroyed when he learns the firm has been taken over by the evil Ratchet (Greg Kinnear).
Egged on by his controlling mum, Madame Gasket (Jim Broadbent), Ratchet plans to reduce half of Robot City's citizens to scrap metal by refusing to sell the spare parts they need to survive.
Instead, he wants to make a fortune selling expensive upgrades that few can afford. As he says, "Why be you when you can be new?"
Aided by a few misfit robots known as the Rustles--including Robin Williams as the cowardly' Fender ("I'm made of a metal called Afraidium")--Rodney must track down the firm's founder, Bigweld (Mel Brooks), and convince him to save the city from Ratchet's plans.
The first thing that'll strike you about the movie is the thought that's gone into creating Robot City. It's a wondrous world full of mechanical marvels including wind-up cars and walking streetlamps.
Also terrific are the special effects. This might be an animated movie but at times you'll catch yourself thinking it's really a live-action film.
Of course, there have been plenty of animated movies that looked the part but were let down by a weak storyline (see Shark Tale, for example).
But Robots grips right from the start thanks to a heart-warming and thoroughly engaging plot that never bores.
My only complaints are with Williams who, as usual,has a one-in-10 success rate with his jokes. Also a letdown is a romantic subplot between Rodney and a shapely robot called Cappy (Halle Berry) that doesn't go anywhere.
Complains aside, this is a mechanical marvel that'll have you bolted firmly to your seat.
BEST QUOTE : Fender: "Even though you had a discouraging day, just remember there's another one coming tomorrow."
BEST BIT: Check out those amazing images.
WORST BIT: Robin Williams, character does an unfunny Britney Spears dance routine.
IF YOU LIKED...Ice Age, The Incredibles, Toy Story... YOU'LL LIKE THIS. [/INST] question: This piece of writing is a _ . | options: A: commercial advertisement B: film review C: movie poster D: literary essay | answer: B </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Refer Robbins page no 1282MORPHOLOGY The progression of the dementia in CJD is usually so rapid that there is little if any grossly evident brain atrophy. The pathog- nomonic finding is a spongiform transformation of the cerebral coex and, often, deep gray matter structures (caudate, putamen); this multifocal process results in the uneven forma- tion of small, apparently empty, microscopic vacuoles of varying sizes within the neuropil and sometimes in the perikaryon of neurons (Fig. 28-32A). In advanced cases there is severe neu- ronal loss, reactive gliosis, and sometimes expansion of the vacuolated areas into cystlike spaces ("status spongiosus"). Inflammation is notably absent. Electron microscopy shows the vacuoles to be membrane-bound and located within the cyto- plasm of neuronal processes. Kuru plaques are extracellular deposits of aggregated abnormal protein; they are Congo red- and PAS-positive and usually occur in the cerebellum (Fig. 28-32B), but are abundant in the cerebral coex in cases of vCJD (Fig. 28-32C). In all forms of prion disease, immuno- histochemical staining demonstrates the presence of protein- ase K-resistant PrPsc in tissue. [/INST] question: What is the histological appearance of brain in Creutzefeldt Jakob disease | options: A: Neuronophagia B: Spongiform change in brain C: Microabscess D: Demylination | answer: B </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Are you aged between 14 and 19 years old? Do you care about your local environment?Would you like to help make the area you live in better, cleaner, safer and more friendly? If your answers are "yes", "yes" and "yes", then read on! You may be surprised to hear that you can actually get money for improving your local community.
The "Big Lottery " is giving money to a group of teenagers who want to become active citizens. We're looking for young people to take part in projects near to where they live.
Here are a few easy things you could do to get started:
Meeting the neighbors
Everybody needs good neighbors. Knock on people's doors and find out what they would like to improve in your area. If you don't want to go round to their houses, then you could always put a note through their doors.
Neighborhood watch
Neighborhood watch plans are very popular in the UK. If you go away on holiday and leave your house, it's very nice to know that a neighbor is keeping an eye on it. It's a good way to make the area you live in safe.
Lending a hand
There are often elderly people living in the neighborhood who may not be able to do the things that you can do. You can offer to do their shopping once a week, look after their gardens for them or maybe walk their dogs!
So, go on...Just tell us what kind of project you want to become involved in, then we'll send you more details. Take active action and help make your neighborhood a better place to live in. [/INST] question: Who is needed to take part in the project? | options: A: Anyone who wants to B: All the teenagers C: Teenagers from 14 to 19 D: All the students in the neighborhood | answer: C </s> |
<s>[INST] context: My friend, Victor, is a zoo keeper in the National Zoo. His work is very interesting but it is hard. Sometimes it is dangerous, too. Every morning the zoo keepers have to get up at five to prepare the food for the animals. Each kind of animal is given special food. For example, the lions must be given meat; the deer must be given grass and leaves; and the parrots must be given fruit and nuts. Sometimes some animals won't let the others eat their food. If this happens, each of them must be fed separately .
Every morning each cage must be washed by the zoo keepers. This can be dangerous, especially with lions and tigers. To make the work easier, the animals are locked in the sleeping compartments while the cages are being washed. When the animals are sick, the zoo keepers must look after them. Each sick animal is kept in a separate cage and given medicine. Sometimes they must be given injections. It is not easy to inject a sick lion!
All the keepers live near the zoo. Each of them has a small house. There he lives with his family. They do not have holidays on Sundays and public holidays. Instead, each of them has a day off during the week. Each keeper has a holiday on a different day from that of the other keepers.
The most important job of the keepers is to look after the safety of the visitors. People must be prevented from doing dangerous things. Many people have been injured because they did careless things, like putting their hands into the lion's cage.
,. [/INST] question: What kind of food must be given to the animals like tigers, lions and bears? | options: A: Nuts B: Fruit C: Meat D: Grass and leaves | answer: C </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Taj Mahal, Agra, India
As many as 28 different varieties of semi-precious and precious stones were used to decorate the outside of the Taj Mahal. Construction of the Taj Mahal took around 20 years. The building, which was made from white marble from the quarries of Rajasthan, appears pink in the morning, white in the day and golden in the moonlight.
Akashi Kaikyo Bridge, Japan
It took 10 years to construct the Akashi Kaikyo Bridge. It connects the city of Kobe, on Japan's mainland, with Iwaya on Awaji Island. Before it opened, the only way to get between the two cities was ferry. However, the waterway was prone to severe storms and when two ferries capsized in 1955, killing 168 people, public anger convinced the government of the need for a bridge. It's the longest suspension bridge in the world, with a length of 1,991 meters.
Panama Canal, Panama
More than 4.5 million cubic yards of concrete were used in the construction of this canal's locks and dams. The Panama Canal is a 77-kilometer (47-mile) long waterway that connects the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. The earth and rubble excavated to make way for it was enough to bury Manhattan to a depth of four meters. A series of locks allow ships to pass through the water; each of the moveable lock doors weighs 750 tons and each of the locks fills with 52 million gallons of water to accommodate the 15,000 ships that use the canal every year. Completion date: January 7, 1914 after 10 years of building.
Grand Canyon Skywalk, Arizona, America
The Skywalk's foundation is strong enough to support 71 million pounds. Located 1, 219 meters above the Colorado River, the Grand Canyon's Skywalk consists of one million pounds of steel and 83,000 pounds of glass. It was the creation of Las Vegas businessman David Jin, who approached the Hualapai Tribe with the idea of a glass walkway over the Grand Canyon in 1996. The Skywalk was assembled on site. Completion date: March 28, 2007. [/INST] question: Which construction took the longest time to build? | options: A: The Taj Mahal B: The Panama Canal C: The Akashi Kaikyo Bridge D: The Grand Canyon Skywalk | answer: A </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Initial resuscitation requires rapid reexpansion of the circulating intravascular blood volume along with interventions to control ongoing losses. In accordance with Starling's law, stroke volume and cardiac output rise with the increase in preload. After resuscitation, the compliance of the ventricles.may remain reduced due to increased interstitial fluid in the myocardium. Therefore, elevated filling pressures are frequently required to maintain adequate ventricular performance. Volume resuscitation is initiated with the rapid infusion of either isotonic saline (although care must be taken to avoid hyperchloremic acidosis from loss of bicarbonate buffering capacity and replacement with excess chloride) or a balanced salt solution such as Ringer's lactate (being cognizant of the presence of potassium and potential renal dysfunction) through large-bore intravenous lines. Data, paicularly on severe traumatic brain injury (TBI), regarding benefits of small volumes of hypeonicsaline that more rapidly restore blood pressure are variable, but tend to show improved survival thought to be linked to immunomodulation. No distinct benefit from the use of colloid has been demonstrated, and in trauma patients it is associated with a higher moality, paicularly in patients with TBI. The infusion of 2-3 L of salt solution over 20-30 min should restore normal hemodynamic parameters. ref:harrison's principles of internal medicine,ed 18,pg no 2221 [/INST] question: Fluid used in hypovolemic shock- | options: A: RL B: DNS C: Blood D: 5%Dextose | answer: A </s> |
<s>[INST] context: The National Gallery
Description:
The National Gallery is the British national art museum built on the north side of Trafalgar Square in London.It houses a diverse collection of more than 2,300 examples of European art ranging from 13thcentury religious paintings to more modern ones by Renoir and Van Gogh.The older collections of the gallery are reached through the main entrance while the more modern works in the East Wing are most easily reached from Trafalgar Square by a ground floor entrance
Layout:
The modern Sainsbury Wing on the western side of the building houses 13thto 15thcentury paintings,and artists include Duccio,Uccello,Van Eyck,Lippi,Mantegna,Botticelli and Memling.
The main West Wing houses 16thcentury paintings,and artists include Leonardo da Vinci,Cranach,Michelangelo,Raphael,Bruegel,Bronzino,Titian and Veronese.
The North Wing houses 17thcentury paintings,and artists include Caravaggio,Rubens,Poussin,Van Dyck,Velaazquez,Claude and Vermeer.
The East Wing houses 18thto early 20thcentury paintings,and artists include Canaletto,Goya,Turner,Constable,Renoir and Van Gogh.
Opening Hours:
The Gallery is open every day from 10am to 6pm (Fridays 10am to 9pm) and is free,but charges apply to some special exhibitions.
Getting There:
Nearest underground stations:Charing Cross (2minute walk),Leicester Square (3minute walk),Embankment (7minute walk),and Piccadilly Circus (8minute walk). [/INST] question: In which century's collection can you see religious paintings? | options: A: The 13th B: The 17th C: The 18th D: The 20th | answer: A </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Hypotension The most common complication of celiac plexus is postural hypotension which is largely due to blockade of the lumbar sympathetic chain. Celiac plexus The celiac plexus is situated retroperitoneally in the upper abdomen. It is at the level of T12 and L1 veebrae, anterior to the crura of the diaphragm. It is the main junction for autonomic nerves supplying the upper abdominal organs (Liver, gallbladder, spleen, stomach, pancreas, kidneys, small bowel and 2/3 of the large bowel). The ganglia lie on each side of LI (aoa lying posteriorly, pancreas anteriorly and inferior venacava laterally). The plexus is composed of network of neve fibres from both the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems. Sympathetic supply :? It contains two large ganglia that receive sympathetic fibres from three splanchnic nerves - Greater splanchnic nerves (TIT, to TIT() - Lesser splanchnic nerves (Tio/T,,) - Least splanchnic nerves (Tii/T,2) Parasympathetic supply - From the left and right vagal trunks which pass through the celiax plexus but do not connect there. Technique The block is performed using X-ray screening, intravenous sedation, local anaesthetic infiltration of the superficial layers with the patient in the prone position. Indications of celiac plexus block For releief of pain from nonpelvic intraabdominal organs. Acute pain - may be performed during surgery for postoperative pain relief. Chronic pain - useful for any condition that causes chronic severe upper abdominal visceral pain e.g. chronic pancreatitis (local anaesthetic blocks only). Cancer pain - useful for upper abdominal organ cancer pain and is frequently used for carcinoma of the pancreas Complications of coeliac plexus block:- Ohostatic hypotension :? This is the most common complication of coeliac plexus block. It is more common when retrocrural pr splanchnic technique was used. Treatment includes resting in bed, avoiding changes in position and replacing fluids. Once compensatory vascular reflexes are fully activated this side effect disappears. Backache It results from retroperitoneal hematoma which is formed due to local trauma. Retroperitoneal hemorrhage (rare) Diarrhoea (due to sympathetic block of the bowel, quite common) Abdominal aoic dissection - It occurs due to direct damage by the needle. Paraplegia and transient motor paralysis - It has occurred after celiac plexus block. Intravascular injection Bleeding due to Aoa, inferior venacava. [/INST] question: Which of the following is most common complication of celiac plexus block aEUR' | options: A: Hypotension B: Retroperiton&al hemorrhage C: Pneumothorax D: Intravascular injection | answer: A </s> |
<s>[INST] context: The total area of land on earth is about 149 million square kilometers, or about 39 percent of the total area of the earth.
The average height of the land is about 750 metres above the sea level .The Eurasian land mass is the largest with an area of 54,527,600 square kilometers .The smallest continent is the Australian mainland, with an area of about 7,614,600 square kilometers, which together with Tasmania, New Zealand, New Guinea and the Pacific Islands, is described as Oceania .The total area of Oceania is about 8,935,500 square kilometres, including West Iran which is political in Asia .
The world's largest peninsula is Arabia ,with an area of about 3,327,500 square kilometres .
The largest island in the world is Greenland, with an area of about 2,175,600 square kilometres. The largest island surrounded by fresh water is the Ilha de Marajo (4,022 square kilometres) in the mouth of the Amazon River, Brazil .The largest island in a lake is Manitoulin Island (2,766 square kilometres) in the Canadian section of Lake Huron . This island itself has on it a lake of 106 square kilometres called Manitou lake, in which there are several islands. [/INST] question: The largest island surrounded by fresh water is in _ . | options: A: a river B: a lake C: a sea D: an ocean | answer: A </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Ever since Grumpy Cat first appeared online, _ But attention is not the only thing that this cat is getting. Her fortune is estimated at $ 100 million, more than many famous actors and musicians earn.
So how did it all start?
Grumpy Cat's owner Tabatha Bundesen was working as a waitress when her brother Bryan decided to take a photo of her funny-looking cat and post it on Reddit, the social-news site. In a matter of hours, she became a sensation .
It got 1 million views on Imgur in 48 hours.
Grumpy Cat's real name is Tardar Sauce and she actually has a condition called dwarfism, which makes her constantly frowning. But that unique frown turned out to be worth millions of dollars.
Tabatha, who lives in Arizona in US, isn't complaining. She still remembers that September 22, 2012, when her life turned upside down.
Since her cat became a worldwide phenomenon, she was able to quit her job and devote her life to managing her cat's modeling career. Sounds unbelievable, but it's true. She says that her only job now is to book Tardar's photo shoots, commercials , and other appearances.
What are the other benefits of owning a million-dollar cat?
Apart from not having to work, Tabatha can travel all the time. She has time and money to visit her family more often and enjoy her life. She never could have imagined just how huge her cat would become, but she always knew Tardar was very special. And she is glad to see her cat bringing joy to so many people around the world.
As for the millions of dollars Grumpy has earned, they come from all the products, commercials and a best-selling book. She even has her own movie--Grumpy Cat's Worst Christmas Ever. [/INST] question: What made Grumpy Cat become famous? | options: A: Her unusual appearance B: Her bad temper C: Her short and fat body D: Her unique fur | answer: A </s> |
<s>[INST] context: There was once an ant that was very thirsty.
It ran here and there looking for some water but could not find any.
Then suddenly, when the ant was almost ready to die of thirst, a large drop of water fell on it.
The ant drank the water, which saved its life.
The water was actually a tear from a young girl who was crying. Because of her sadness, the tear had magical qualities and suddenly the ant could speak the language of human beings.
The ant looked up and saw the young girl sitting in front of a huge pile of seeds.
"Why are you sad?" asked the ant.
"I'm the prisoner of a giant." the girl told the ant. " He won't let me go until I've made three separate heaps of grain, barley and rye out of this huge pile of seeds in which they are all mixed together."
"That will take you a month!" the ant said, looking at the huge pile of seeds.
"I know," the girl cried, "and if I haven't finished by tomorrow, the giant will eat me for his supper!"
"Don't cry," the ant said, "my friends and I will help you."
Soon thousands of ants were at work, separating the three kinds of seeds.
The next morning, when the giant saw that the work had been done, he let the girl go.
Thus it was one of her tears that saved her life. [/INST] question: What is an ant? | options: A: A small animal B: An insect C: A bird D: A giant | answer: B </s> |
<s>[INST] context: As women in the rich Asian country have become better educated, with five times as many now getting advanced degrees as in 1995, they have also become choosier and are less likely to settle for the role of gentle wife traditionally expected of Korean women.
"I heard if you are a female with master's degree, it is much harder to arrange a meeting than if you have a bachelor's degree because of an unfavorable concept 'too smart women' here," said King, a college senior in Seoul.
The age at which Korean women are getting _ has risen by an average 4.1 years over the past 20 years to 28.9 years, according to Statistics Korea, and that has created worried mothers getting things rolling for their daughters.
"My daughter is in her early 30's, an age considered late for marriage here", said a woman who took her daughter to a match--making agency in Seoul.
"If she does not find her match this year, it will be much more difficult to marry in the coming years.So I went to the firm with her and made her join."
At DUO, a matchmaking firm, its 26, 000 members can choose between five different membership programs with fees from 1.08 million won( )($971) to 8.8 million won.
To attract more customers, the site displays the average annual income of its male and female customers, as well as their professional standing.
"In a privately set-up blind date, you cannot be entirely sure of how much of personal information given to you is accurate," said DUO spokesman Yon Jun.
Critics say the industry focuses more on income and status.Some of them have coined the phrase "employage" to sum up employment and marriage.
"If your father works in the financial industry or is a high-ranking administrator, maybe you will find your match with similar backgrounds through a matchmaking firm, starting a perfect marriage on the back of parental support," said comedian Quan. [/INST] question: What leads to the embarrassing state for Korean women in matchmaking is that _ . | options: A: they don't want to be gentle any more B: most of them are not in good shape C: they have a much higher education D: matchmaking agencies pushed them too hard | answer: C </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Mark Twain left school when he was twelve. He had little school education but had to live. He made millions of dollars by writing whose real name was Samuel Langhorne Clemens, but he is better known all over the world as Mark Twain, his penname.
Mark Twain was born in 1835 and he was not a healthy baby. In fact, he was not expected to live through the first winter. But with his mother's tender care, he managed to survive. As a boy, he caused much trouble for his parents.
After his father's death in 1847, Mark Twain began to work for a printer, who only provided him with food and clothing. Then, he worked as a printer, a river-boat pilot and later joined the army. But shortly after that he became a miner. During this period, he started to write short stories. Afterwards he became a full-time writer.
In 1870, Mark Twain got married. In the years that followed he wrote many books including Tom Sawyer in 1876, and Huckleberry Finn in 1884, which made him famous, and brought him a great fortune.
Unfortunately, Mark Twain got into debts in bad investments and he had to write large numbers of stories to pay these debts. In 1904, his wife died and then three of their children passed away.
At the age of 70, his hair was completely white. He bought many white suits and neckties. He wore nothing but white from head to foot until his death on April 21, 1910.(260 words) [/INST] question: Mark Twain left school at 12 to _ | options: A: write stories B: make a living C: join the army D: work as a printer | answer: C </s> |
<s>[INST] context: There are many famous writers in the English world, among whom Jane Austen (1775--1817) has been popular with all ages. But then Jane Austen wrote her novels in England, she was writing about a world that most of us would not recognize.
But today Austen's books are in greater demand than ever. In the last ten years, five of the six novels have been made into Hollywood films, while her books continue to be bestsellers. So why is Austen still popular?
Richard Jenkyns, a professor of English at Oxford University, argues that her novels still appeal to people because they focus on issues that are as _ today as they were when she wrote them. Her novels are about women trying to find a perfect husband, but also explore issues surrounding marriage, friendship and the family. "The plots are fairly timeless stories about human interaction which are familiar to us," Jenkyns says.
The most famous book Austen wrote is Pride and Prejudice,a love story betweenElizabeth Bennett and Mr. Darcy. At first the two characters do not get on. They finally fall in love, but still have to overcome opposition to their relationship from their families.
All of Austen's books are easy to read, making them popular with children and adults, but they work on different levels so people can take what they need from them, author Kate Henry says.
Austen is often praised as the greatest romance writer in the English language, so it is surprising she remained unmarried. "Maybe she was too much of a romantic, waiting for a perfect man," Henry says. [/INST] question: Which of the following can NOT explain why Austen is still popular? | options: A: Her novels are all about love and marriage B: Her novels still make sense to today's people C: All her novels are easy to read D: Her novels benefit people of different reading levels | answer: A </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Brownie and Spotty were neighbor dogs who met every day to play together. These two loved each other and played together so often that they had worn a path through the grass of the field between their respective houses.
One evening, Brownie's family noticed that Brownie hadn't returned home. They went looking for him with no success and by the next week he was still missing.
Curiously, Spotty showed up at Brownie's house alone. Barking, whining and generally pestering Brownie's human family. Busy with their own lives, they just ignored the nervous little neighbor dog.
Continuously,Ted, Brownie's owner, was disturbed by the angry, determined little dog. Spotty followed Ted about, barking insistently, then rushing toward a nearby empty lot and back, as if to say, "Follow me! It's urgent!"
Eventually, Ted followed Spotty to a deserted spot half a mile from the house. There Ted found his beloved Brownie alive, one of his hind legs crushed in a steel leghold trap. Horrified, Ted now wished he'd taken Spotty's earlier appeals seriously. Then Ted noticed something quite remarkable.
Spotty had done more than simply led Brownie's human owner to his trapped friend. In a circle around the injured dog, Ted found an array of dog food and table scraps which were later identified as the remains of every meal Spotty had been fed that week!
Spotty had been visiting Brownie regularly, in the hope of keeping his friend alive by sacrificing his own comfort. Spotty had evidently stayed with Brownie to protect him from hunger and other dangers, and keep his spirits up.
Brownie's leg was treated by a veterinarian and he recovered. For many years thereafter, the two families watched the faithful friends chasing each other down that well worn path between their houses. [/INST] question: Why did Ted pay little attention to Spotty at the very beginning? | options: A: Because Ted was tired of listening to Spotty barking B: Because Ted only cared about Brownie's safety C: Because Ted was not free at that moment D: Because Ted knew where Brownie was | answer: C </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Women that acquire rubella during pregnancy are at risk of developing fetal infection and congenital rubella syndrome. If the mother is infected during the first trimester the malformation rate in the fetus is approximately 50%. These malformations include microcephaly, mental retardation, cataracts, deafness, and congenital hea diseasealthough all organs may be affecteD. Therefore, all women need to be vaccinated with the rubella vaccine-most often given as pa of the MMR series of vaccines. However, because the MMR vaccine is a live-virus vaccine, there is a concern that administration Of the vaccine within 3 months of conception, or during the pregnancy, could result in bih defects or illness. Yet, this concern is more theoretical than real as studies performed on women given the rubella vaccine sholy before becoming pregnant or during pregnancy have failed to show any increase in the risk of malformations compared to the general background risk in the population. To state that there is no vaccine risk and termination is completely inappropriate (choice A) is incorrect. Although the risk of the MMR vaccine appears more theoretical than real, one cannot state that there is no risk. To state that the vaccine risk is moderate and termination should be considered (choice C) or that the vaccine risk is high and termination should be strongly considered (choice D) is incorrect. As stated above, the risk of the MMR vaccine-associated defects is so small as to be considered negligible. [/INST] question: A 23-year-old woman comes to the physician because she thinks that she may be pregnant. She missed her last two periods and feels "different." A urine pregnancy test is positive and an ltrasound reveals a 12-week fetus. The patient is very concerned because she received the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine four months ago and was told to wait 3 months before attempting conception. The pregnancy is desired. The patient asks if she should have a termination of pregnancy because she was vaccinated sholy before becoming pregnant. Which of the following is the most appropriate response? | options: A: There is no vaccine risk and termination is completely inappropriate B: The vaccine risk is low and is not in itself a reason to terminate C: The vaccine risk is moderate and termination should be considered D: The vaccine risk is high and termination should be strongly considered | answer: B </s> |
<s>[INST] context: The pathologist saw normal chief cells, which are abundant in the body and fundus of the stomach. Chief cells secrete pepsinogen, which is stored in apical membrane- bound granules. The body and fundus of the stomach contain high concentrations of four other types of cells in the epithelium. The parietal (oxyntic) cells are large, pyramidal, and acidophilic with central nuclei (look like a "fried egg"). They make and secrete HCl. The mucous neck cells secrete mucus and appear clear. The enteroendocrine cells have affinity for silver stains and exhibit a positive chromaffin reaction; these cells synthesize amines, polypeptides, or proteins.The cardiac region is a narrow, circular band at the transition between the esophagus and stomach, consisting of shallow gastric pits and mucous glands. It does not normally contain an abundance of chief cells.The columns of Morgagni are found in the rectum, not in the stomach. These are mucous membrane infoldings in the submucosa of the proximal anal canal. They would not contain chief cells.The greater omentum is a four-layered fold of peritoneum that hangs from the greater curvature of the stomach and attaches to the transverse colon. It would not contain chief cells. [/INST] question: A gastric biopsy is taken from a 42 year old man. As the pathologist inspects the specimen, he observes numerous, normal cuboidal-to-columnar cells with apical membrane-bound secretion granules in the gastric glands. From which area of the stomach was the biopsy most likely taken? | options: A: Cardiac region B: Columns of Morgagni C: Fundic region D: Greater omentum | answer: C </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Thoughts claim our attention continuously, and waste our time and energy on unimportant and useless matters. They actually rule our life. We have become so used to this slavery, that we take it for granted, and have become unconscious of this habit, except on certain occasions.
While breathing, we do not need to pay attention to each inhalation and exhalation. We become conscious of the process of breathing only when we have some difficulty with breathing, such as when our nose is blocked, due to a cold, or when we are in an unventilated room.
It is the same with thinking. We become conscious of the constant onslaught of our thoughts, and of our inability to calm them down, only when we need to concentrate, solve a problem or study. We are also aware of them when we have worries or fears.
Look at the following familiar situation. You need to study something for an exam. You sit comfortably on the sofa with the book in your hands and start reading. After a while you feel hungry and go to the kitchen to eat something.
You return to read, and then hear your people talking outside. You listen to them for several moments and then bring your attention back to the book.
After a while you feel restless and switch on the radio to listen to some music. You continue to read for a little while, and then remember something that happened yesterday, and you start thinking about it.
When you look at your watch, you are amazed to find out that one complete hour has passed and you have hardly read anything. And at this time, you feel you're thinking.
This is what happens when one lacks concentration. Imagine what you could have accomplished if you could control your attention and focus your mind! [/INST] question: When can you feel you are thinking? | options: A: While breathing B: While not reading C: When you need to concentrate D: When you waste your time | answer: C </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Warfarin is a coumarin anticoagulant used for the prophylaxis and treatment of thromboembolic complications associated with cardiac valve replacement and atrial fibrillation, as well as the prophylaxis and treatment of venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. Warfarin may cause necrosis of the skin (typically on the breasts, thighs, and buttocks) generally between the third and tenth days of therapy. The lesions are initially sharply demarcated, erythematous, and purpuric. They may resolve or progress to large, irregular, hemorrhagic bullae that can eventually lead to necrosis. The mechanism for this reaction is related to warfarin's ability to deplete protein C, which can lead to a state of hypercoagulability and thrombosis in the cutaneous microvasculature. Aspirin is commonly used for its antiplatelet effect; however, it would not be indicated for anticoagulation of a patient with a recent cardiac valve replacement. Fuhermore, aspirin is not associated with the development of this type of skin necrosis. Cefazolin is a first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic commonly used as a perioperative prophylactic agent. If the patient was allergic to this antibiotic, an erythematous rash might have appeared. However, the rash would not lead to the appearance of large, hemorrhagic bullae. Heparin is an intravenous anticoagulant indicated for the prophylaxis and treatment of thromboembolic complications associated with cardiac valve replacement and atrial fibrillation. It is also indicated for the prophylaxis and treatment of venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and for treatment of some coagulopathies. Although heparin is associated with the development of thrombocytopenia, it is not associated with skin necrosis. [/INST] question: A 58-year-old woman had a mitral valve replacement, and was placed on anticoagulants and prophylactic antibiotics following her surgery. Five days after her surgery, she developed a sharply demarcated, erythematous rash on her left thigh. Two days after the rash appeared, large hemorrhagic bullae began to form in the area of the rash. Which of the following medications most likely caused the patient's rash? | options: A: Aspirin B: Cefazolin C: Heparin D: Warfarin | answer: D </s> |
<s>[INST] context: The latest colorful 3D cartoon movie, Zootopia, has become a great success. It has not only won the hearts of children but also drawn the attention of adults.
The film tells about a rabbit called Judy who was born in carrot farmers. All her life, she's dreamed of being a police officer and finally leaves for Zootopia, a beautiful modern city, to go for her dream. It's a place where, according to her understanding, "anyone can be anything."
At first, she is put on parking duty, because nobody believes a rabbit can become a great policewoman compared to other big and strong predator animals .While on duty, she gets to know a sly-looking fox, Nick . They once misunderstand each other and have words with each other. But they work together to solve a secret _ successfully in the end .
From the movie we also can get a clear and powerful message: prejudice , in any form, is a terrible thing. We should say no to it. Luckily, we can see both predators and prey-predators can live in peace in Zootopia finally.
Anyway, Zootopia is a great piece of work with important life lessons: life's a little bit messy, and we all make mistakes;no matter what type of animal you are, change starts with you. So stick to your dream and work for it. You know, "everything is possible." [/INST] question: Who loves to see the latest cartoon movie Zootopia? | options: A: Children B: Adults C: Both A and B D: Nobody | answer: C </s> |
<s>[INST] context: The induction of emesis with syrup of ipecac is a very effective method of removing swallowed poisons. It has been used safely in children as young as 6 months of age. Ipecac should not be given to a patient who has ingested a corrosive poison, such as strong acid or alkali, because of the possibility of gastric perforation and fuher necrosis of the esophagus. When vomiting imposes a risk of aspiration, as in the case of an obtunded or comatose patient or in the case of impending seizures precipitated by the ingested drug, syrup of ipecac is contraindicated. Hydrocarbons such as mineral oil have a low viscosity and surface tension; the latter propey accounts for the spreading tendency of the product and the potential for aspiration. Very minute amounts of aspirated hydrocarbon can cause a necrotizing pneumonia. Syrup of ipecac should be used only when the primary toxicity of the hydrocarbon is systemic, as, for example, with carbon tetrachloride or benzene. Administration of activated charcoal alone without prior gut emptying is being used for ceain ingestions. Proper instruction of parents regarding toxic ingestions should be provided during well-child visits. Effos should be aimed at prevention, with age-appropriate anticipatory guidance regarding environmental hazards. [/INST] question: A mother brings an 18-month-old to the emergency center with the concern that the child may have ingested a substance. Which of the following is a contraindication to the use of ipecac in this child? | options: A: Age less than 5 years B: Breast-feeding C: Ingestion of alkali D: Ingestion of iron | answer: C </s> |
<s>[INST] context: HCV Cryolobulin Cryolobulins are abnormal proteins that have unsual propey of precipitating from the serum specimen when it is chilled in the laboratory and redissolving into the serum upon rewarming. The biochemical propeies that promote cqoprecipitation are not well understood but three different types of cryoglobulins have been described. Type I This type of moglobulin contains a monoclonal inununoglobulin (IgM) and is most often due to underlying multiple myeloma or waldenstroms macroglobulinetnia. Type II or Essential ,nixed cryoglobulinemia (contains mixture of two antibodies) This type of cryoblobulin contains both a polytonal IgGdeg (which may either act as on antigen or be directed against an antigen) and a monoclonal(' IgM rheumatoid factor directed against the IgG. Most cases are due to chronic infection with hepatitis C virus('. Type III This also has mixed cryoglobulin but both the IgG and the rheumatoid factor IgM are polyclonalQ. This condition is often seen in chronic inflammatory and autoimmune disorders (such as lupus and leucocytoclastic vasculitis) lymphoproliferative malignancies and in as many as one half of cases HCV infection. Cryoglobulinemia may also be classified based on the association with an underlying disease : -Essential mixed cryoglobulinemia When the cryoglobulins are a mixture of various antibody types and forms for unknown reasons, the condition is called essential mixed cryoglobulinemia. However the discovery of a close association between hepatitis virus (HCV) and mixed cryoglobulinemia has tasted doubt on the existence of essential or idiopathic cryoglobulinemia. Current evidence suggests that in majority of cases essential mixed cryoglohulinemia occurs when an aberrant immune response to Hepatitis C infection leads to formation of immune complexes consisting of :-- Hepatitis C antigen - Polyclonal hepatitis C specific IgG - Monoclonal IgM rheumatoid factor These immune complexes are thought to outstrip reticuloendohelial clearing activity. Tissue damage result from immune complex deposition and complement activation. [/INST] question: A patient presented with ahritis and purpura. Laboratory examination showed monoclonal and polyclonal cryoglobulins. Histopathology showed deposits of cryoglobulins around the vessels. The patient should be tested for which of the following | options: A: HBV B: HCV C: EBV D: Parvovious | answer: B </s> |
<s>[INST] context: prefix = st1 /China
Coal mines claim more lives. A COAl mine blast in Jixi, Heilongjiang, left more than 100 miners dead on Thursday. Ten mines in Jixiwere ordered to stop production. The government has tried to shut down thousands of small, illegal mines in the country that do not meet safety standards.
MIDDLE EAST
Bombers continue to kill. PALESTINISANS killed 32 Israeli in three major attacks between Tuesday and Thursday. There were two suicide bombings and a militant attack on a Jewish settlement. They yielded one of the highest Israeli death tolls in such a short period over the last two years.
CHINA
Young people stand tall. THE average height of Chinese young people has risen by 6 centimeters compared to that of 20 years ago. This far exceeds the word's average growth speed. A survey on health conducted by a panel of Chinese students found the results. According to the world average level, youths get taller by 1 cm every 10 years.
CANADA
Talking about world issues. The Group if Eight(G8)--the US, Japan, Germany, Britain, France, Italy, Canada and Russia - will hold a summit on June 26 and 27 in Kananaskis, Canada. The G8 are the richest and most powerful countries in the world. G8 leaders and some African presidents will discuss strengthening global economic growth and helping Africa. United Nations Secretary - General, will also attend. [/INST] question: Thousands of mines have been shut because_. | options: A: they have blast B: they produced less coal C: they are very small D: they don't meet the safety standards | answer: D </s> |
<s>[INST] context: For many people the subject of hiccups is a joke, but for Harry Mendes, a fifteen-year-old schoolboy from Birmingham, it was something quite different.
His hiccups began one Sunday lunch time and continued day and night for two weeks. After the first week, Harry's parents took him to hospital, but it took another week for the doctors to cure his attack.
Harry, who is now back at school, described what happened to him.
"When I began to hiccup, I drank a glass of water but that didn't do any good. That evening I had hiccups every four seconds. We tried everything to stop them. I held my breath and drank cold drinks. My father even tried to give me a shock but that didn't work either."
After a week of sleepless nights, he went to hospital. The doctors took an X-ray of his chest but they couldn't find anything wrong.
"They gave me some medicine and my hiccups slowed down, but it was another week before the medicine worked completely and my hiccups stopped."
Harry was very lucky. The world record holder is the American farmer Charles Osborne, who hiccupped for sixty-eight years. He stopped in 1990 at last, but nobody knows why. [/INST] question: Harry's hiccups lasted _ . | options: A: a week B: fourteen days C: twenty-eight days D: one month | answer: B </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Are you a high school student who loves to be outdoors and is eager to experience new challenges, learn new skills and meet new people? Learn all about the world of building and maintaining hiking trails, and experience it in a safe, teamwork-oriented environment in various locations across the state. WTA offers first-time participants country trips and returning students have the option to go on trips in the back country .
Front Country Trips
Our front country trips provide opportunities for people to experience projects near the ocean, in the scenic Cascade Mountains and in northeast Washington. All our trips provide you with experienced crew leaders, a great project, some camping tents, sleeping bags and all your meals for the week.
Advanced Back Country Trips
On these trips you will be backpacking to the work site and will have a chance to advance your trail and leadership skills under the supervision of a WTA crew leader. Approval from a previous crew leader is necessary.
Trip Details
In 2014, trip fees for WTA members will be $195 for the first trip and $145 for each additional trip. Non-members will pay an additional $40 for their first trip and can be qualified to be members in the second trip. There will be a $30 cancellation fee for cancellations more than 30 days prior to the trip, and no refund for cancellations less than 30 days prior to the trip. Due to the popularity of our trips, please submit your payment and application within two weeks of signing up for a trip. If a trip is full and you would like to be added to the waiting list, please call us at 206/625-1367 or email trail _ [email protected].
Scholarships
We believe no student should have to stay at home this summer because he or she can't afford to go outside. Thanks to donations from members and supporters, WTA is proud to announce that we are able to offer a limited number of scholarships. Application deadline: March 1, 2014.
2014 Youth Volunteer Vacation
You must be 14 to 18 years old to go on one of our Youth Volunteer Vacations. We always recommend that volunteers go on a one-day trip before attending a Youth Vacation to understand what the work will be like for a week. [/INST] question: If you are going on one of the trips for the first time, you can't go on trips _ . | options: A: near the ocean B: in the back country C: in the Cascade Mountains D: in northeast Washington | answer: B </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Congenital dermal melanocytosis (Mongolian spot) Congenital blue-grey macule found over the sacral skin area. Pigmentation initially deepens and then regresses completely by age 7 years Blue Nevi Benign skin lesion that is four times more common in children, typically affecting the extremities and face. Small, slightly elevated, and blue-black lesions. However, blue-black papules and nodules that are new or growing must be evaluated to rule out nodular melanoma Infantile hemangioma Strawberry, capillary, or cavernous hemangioma Benign endothelial proliferation that represents the most common tumor in infancy. Most commonly on head and neck areas. Superficial ones presents as bright red-colored plaque. Deep ones presents as a soft dermal or sub cutaneous nodule with a bluish-purple color. More than 90% of untreated hemangiomas involute, that is, attain maximal regression by 9 years of age. Up to 30% of hemangiomas leave postinvolution changes including hypopigmentation, scarring, telangiectasia, and fibrofatty tissue. [/INST] question: A 10 days female presents with a large patch of blue-gray pigmentation with irregular shape, unclear edges and normal skin texture involving buttocks and lower back. She is otherwise healthy and has no dysmorphic features. Which is the most probable diagnosis? | options: A: Blue Nevus B: Hematoma due to of physical abuse C: Infantile hemangioma D: Mongolian spot | answer: D </s> |
<s>[INST] context: I have a new hero. It is G. M. Hennen. I found him in the old newspapers as I was doing my research for the column A Look Back in History.
In 1958, he retired as a newspaper carrier from the Sherman Herald Democrat. He was 77 years old and had delivered four million copies of the Democrat. He had gone through 17 automobiles and had thrown on average 400 newspapers a day, six days a week. He drove 100 miles a day, including the day he collected.
Before he was a newspaper carrier, he was also a teacher and a construction worker.
He opened the first motor delivery route in the newspaper's history. Driving a Model T Ford, his route consisted of Pottsboro, Gordonville, Sadler and Southmayd. Before he started in delivery, he solicited subscriptions riding horseback over the county.
Mr Hennen had only one wreck in 30 years. The car spun out of control and flipped on its top. That didn't stop him. A man with a truck used a tow rope to flip the car back over and tied the doors shut, leaving Mr Hennen to continue on his way. Now _ that _ was _
determination!
Mr Hennen told of the time his headlights went out as he was delivering newspapers. He borrowed a kerosene lantern from a farmer to light the way and continued his route.
What a story! I complain when I have to drive to work when it is snowing, and I only have to travel three miles. I could never be that tough. [/INST] question: Which of the following jobs did Mr Hennen NOT serve as? | options: A: A newspaper carrier B: A teacher C: A construction worker D: A doctor | answer: D </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Kenya is the first country to protect elephants by text messages. Mobile phone SIM cards are inserted in the collars of elephants. The cards will send a text message when the elephants wander too close to farms, allowing wildlife protectors to drive them off rather than shoot them.
Hungry elephants cause big problems for farmers and villagers in some parts of Kenya when they are searching for food. Two years ago the Kenyan wildlife service had to unwillingly shoot five elephants who continued to destroy crops.
In order to prevent such bad activities, the Elephants charity put a mobile phone SIM card on a huge bull elephant called Kimani. The conservationists then set up a virtual fence. Each time Kimani came near the fence, a text message was sent to farmers. So far he's been stopped from going into the danger area fifteen times.
The project seems to be working successfully as Kimani hasn't come near a farm for four months. A similar system has now been put into operation in another part of the country.
One of the biggest benefits of the project is that elephants seem to learn from one another, which can help a whole group change their habits.
The elephants can also be tracked using Google Earth software. This is also helping the protectors know where to use their resources to protect the animals well. [/INST] question: Elephants often cause problems in Kenya, because _ . | options: A: they are attacked B: they are angry C: they are sad D: they are hungry | answer: D </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Naegleria fowleri, the only pathogenic species of naegleria Human infection comes from water containing the amoebae and usually follows swimming or diving in ponds. Patients are mostly previously healthy young adults or children. The amoebae invade the nasal mucosa, pass through the olfactory nerve branches in the cribriform plate into the meninges and brain to initiate an acute purulent meningitis and encephalitis (primary amoebic meningoencephalitis). The incubation period is 2 days to 2 weeks. The disease almost always ends fatally within a week Diagnosis can be made by CSF examination. The fluid is cloudy to purulent, with prominent neutrophil leucocytosis, elevated proteins and low glucose, resembling pyogenic meningitis. Failure to find bacteria in such specimens should raise the possibility of PAM. Wet film examination of CSF may show the trophozoites. Cysts are never seen CSF or brain. At autopsy, trophozoites can be demonstrated in brain histologically.Culture can be obtained in agar seeded with Escherichia coli or in the usual cell cultures used for virus isolation. Both trophozoites and cysts occur in culture. Amphotericin B has been used in treatment with limited success TEXTBOOK OF MEDICAL PARASITOLOGY,CKJ PANIKER,6TH EDITION,PAGE NO 33 [/INST] question: A 30-yebar old patient presented with features of acute meningoencephalitis in the casualty. His CSF on wet mount microscopy revealed motile unicellular microorganisms. The most likely organism is - | options: A: Naegleria fowleri B: Acanthamoeba castellani C: Entamoeba hystolytica D: Trypanosoma cruzi | answer: A </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Do successful businessmen need an office? Increasingly the answer seems to be no.
Chris Ward, author of the book Out of Office explains how President Barack Obama's first inauguration speech was written by 27-year-old Jon Favreau sitting in Starbucks ; how Richard Tait, creator of Cranium, started the board game in a coffee shop; how Michael Acton Smith invented the children's virtual world Moshi Monsters in his local cafe Nero; and how JK Rowling, the novelist behind Harry Potter, believes a cafe is the best place to write.
It is a convincing view, and for basic start-ups it makes much more sense to work from home and public spaces such as cafes than renting an expensive office. Offices are hard to find, costly to decorate and involve much tiring administration. Moreover, by staying independent you avoid the misery of a daily commute , which for many is the worst part of a job.
Thanks to mobile communications, WiFi and cloud storage, together with the increasing heavy-duty equipment such as photocopiers, fax machines and desktop PCs, the traditional office is becoming redundant for many sorts of organizations and workers. Of course, factory managers, surgeons, chefs and industrial chemists are still tied to specialist locations. But many of us---from software engineers and copywriters to architects and fashion designers---can operate almost anywhere. That freedom, and a willingness to adapt, can make one's career more enjoyable and, sometimes, more efficient. [/INST] question: Which of the following careers is tied to special locations? | options: A: Software engineers B: Copywriters C: Surgeons D: Fashion designers | answer: C </s> |
<s>[INST] context: The students are talking about their weekend plans.
Mavish: What are you going to do at the weekend, Amy?
Amy: I'm going to do my homework on Sunday. I've got a lot of homework. I didn't do in the week.
Mavish: Then we could all do something on Saturday?
Tom: I'm going swimming in the morning. But I'm not doing anything in the afternoon or evening.
Milly: I'm not doing anything then, either.
Lu: Raj and I are going to the news film in the afternoon. Let's all go out in the evening. Let's go to the club with a snooker table. I like playing snooker. I'm getting better at it.
Milly: Good idea. What about you, Ben? Can you come?
Ben: Yes, I can. That's a great idea. I like snooker too.
Amy: I don't like snooker that much, but I'm not going to stay home if you are all going out! I'm going to come too.
Mavish: OK, so we will meet in the town center and go to the club. What time does the film finish, Raj?
Raj: The film finishes at about five. We are going to have a burger and a drink after the film. Let's all meet and eat and then go to the club.
Ben: Good idea. Let's meet at about five and eat.
Milly, Tom, Mavish and Amy: OK. [/INST] question: Who is going to the new film? | options: A: Raj and Lu B: Raj , Amy and Lu C: Ben and Tom D: Mavish, Ben and Tom | answer: A </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Immune-complex glomerulonephritis is another recognized extrahepatic manifestation of chronic hepatitis C)
"Immune complex-mediated extrahepatic complications of chronic hepatitis C are less common than in chronic hepatitis B, with the exception complications unrelated to immune-complex injury'.
These include Sjogren’s syndrome, lichen planus and porphyria cutanea tarda”- Harrison 17th/1963 "Extrahepatic complications of chronic hepatitis B similar to those seen during the prodromal phase of acute hepatitis B, is associated with deposition of circulating hepatitis B antigen-antibody immune complexes. These include arthralgias and arthritis which are common, and the more rare purpuric cutaneous lesions (leukocytoclastic vasculitis), immune-complex glomerulonephritis, and generalized vasculitis (polyarteritis nodosa'?) - Harrison 17th/1957
“While polyarteritis nodosa develops in considerably fewer than 1% of patients with chronic HBV infection, 20-30% of patients with polyarteritis nodosa have HBsAg in serum"- Harrison 17th/1938
Extrahepatic manifestations in Viral Hepatitis C: Hepatology' by Kuntz2nd/443
Agran ulocytosis
Aplastic anaemia
Corneal ulceration
Cryoglobulinemia
Diabetes meilitus (type I)
Erythema exsudativum multiforme Glomerulonephritis Guillain-Barre syndrome
Hyperlipasaemia
Lichen planus 1J
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma Polyarteritis nodosa Polyarteritis Polyneuritis Porphyria cutanea tarda
Sialadenitis
Sjogren's syndrome/Sicca syndrome
Thrombocytopenia
Thyroiditis [/INST] question: PAN is associated with - | options: A: Hepatitis A B: Hepatitis B C: Hepatitis C D: Hepatitis E | answer: B </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Almost all individuals with celiac disease share the major histocompatibility complex II HLA-DQ 2 or HLA - DQ8.
Gliadin is deamidated by the enzyme transglutaminase and deamidated gliadin peptides bind to DQ2 and DQ8.
Recognition of these peptides by CD4 + T cells leads to secretion of IFN-γ, which damages the intestinal wall.
Pathophysiology
Celiac disease is caused by the action of acidic peptides containing the gliadin fraction of wheat.
The basic abnormality is thought to be an increased rate of loss of epithelial cells. Crypt cells show increased activity. This causes hypertrophy of crypt. But even this increased activity cannot keep pace with the loss of cells, resulting in a progressive decrease in height of villi causing villous atrophy
The epithelial cells show decreased cytoplasm and mucus
The intestinal biopsy shows a decrease in the villas: crypt ratio. Normally the villi are 3-4 times the height of the crypts (ratio of 3-4: 1); in celiac disease, the ratio decreases progressively (partial, subtotal and total villous atrophy). Total villous atrophy is seen in severe celiac disease and is quite characteristic of celiac disease (partial villous atrophy may be seen in many other conditions). [/INST] question: Gluten-sensitive enteropathy is most strongly associated with - | options: A: HLA-DQ2 B: HLA-DR4 C: HLA-DQ3 D: Blood group B | answer: A </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Planting trees around poultry farms can improve air and water quality -- and relations with neighbors. Research has shown that just three rows of trees near poultry houses can reduce the release of dust and ammonia . They can also reduce the strong smell of ammonia gas.
The trees take dust, ammonia and odors in their leaves. They also provide shade from the sun, so they reduce cooling costs in summer. And they act as a windbreak, so they reduce heating costs in winter. Trees can also improve water quality around farms by removing pollutions from soil and groundwater.
Several years ago, people were objecting to the odor of poultry farms on the Delmarva Peninsula in the eastern United State s. Delmarva is where the states of Delaware, Maryland and Virginia come together. Two thousand farms there can each house an average of seventy-five thousand chickens.
Traditionally the farms used windows to provide fresh air in the chicken houses. Farmers rarely planted trees or tall crops around the buildings, so there would be no barrier to the airflow. But then farms began to use new ventilation systems. Instead of windows, the new systems used tunnel fans to circulate air. The fans directed airflow from the poultry houses toward the homes of neighbors.
Researchers began dealing with the problem in two thousand. They found that over a period of six years, planting three rows of trees reduced total dust and ammonia by more than half. And they found that smells were reduced by eighteen percent.
Farmers may think trees will take too long to grow and be effective. But some trees can grow quickly. At least one-third of the Delmarva farms have planted trees, technically known as vegetative environmental buffers. The idea offers a way to cut pollution, save money and energy, and make the neighbors happy. [/INST] question: The farms on the Delmarva Peninsula used to use _ in chicken houses to provide fresh air. | options: A: trees B: tunnel fans C: windows D: poles | answer: C </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Sleep is like food for the brain. Enough sleep helps the body and brain grow and develop. According to the National Sleep Foundation in the US, adults need seven to nine hours of sleep every night. For students aged 10 to 17, a healthy amount is about eight to nine hours per night.
But many students don't get enough sleep because of early school start times and heavy homework. About 80 percent of middle school students don't get enough sleep, the China Youth and Children Research Center reported. For some students, they want to sleep early, but they keep worrying about their schoolwork and can't fall asleep quickly. For others, they may even have _ which might keep them awake all night.
These sleeping problems greatly affect people's lives. Experts have shown that lack of sleep for teenagers leads to poor grades. Students without enough sleep cannot pay attention in class or do well in sports. Also, the lack of sleep may make them depressed .
Luckily, with good sleep habits, it is easier to fall asleep. Some of these good habits include avoiding drinks that make people excited late in the day, going to sleep at the same time each night, and sleeping in a comfortable place that is dark, quiet, and neither too warm nor too cold. [/INST] question: If Li Hong is 15years old, how much sleep does she need every night? | options: A: 10-12 hours B: 8-9 hours C: 7-8 hours D: Less than 7 hours | answer: B </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Most Americans believe that someone isn't grown-up until the age of 26 and they should complete their education, have a full-time job, have a family to support and be financially independent. They also believe that becoming a real grown-up is a process which begins at about the age of 20 and takes about five years, according to the report from the University of Chicago's National Opinion Research Center.
The findings are based on a representative sample of 1,398 people over the age of 18 who were surveyed in person. The survey found that people expect the transitions to grown-up _ to be completed at the following ages: age 20.9 self-supporting; age 21.1 no longer living with parents; age 21.2 having a full-time job; age 22.3 education completed; age 24.5 being able to support a family financially; age 25.7 getting married; and age 26.2 having a child.
"There is a large degree of agreement across social groups on the relative importance of the seven transitions," said Tom Smith, director of the survey. The only obvious pattern of differences is on views about supporting a family, having children and getting married. Older adults consider these more important than younger adults do. This probably shows in large part a change in values across generations away from traditional family values. The most valued step toward reaching adulthood, the survey found, is completing education, followed by full-time employment, supporting a family, financial independence, living independently, and marriage. [/INST] question: A young man of 24 may be busy _ . | options: A: finding a job B: finding a girl friend C: making money D: preparing for his wedding | answer: C </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Every day since March 8, people all over the world keep asking the same question: Where did Malaysia Airlines Flight MH370 go? It turns out to be the biggest mystery in modern aviation history.
In the early hours of March 8, a Boeing 777 took off from Malaysia's capital Kuala Lumpur . It was heading to Beijing.
But about two hours into the flight, the plane lost contact. There were 239 people on board the Malaysia Airlines flight, including 154 Chinese.
About 12 countries, including China, the US and Australia, have joined the search for the missing plane and passengers. The plane's disappearance was a "mystery", said officials. The plane was flying at a height of more than 10,000 meters when it suddenly lost contact. The weather was clear. The pilots didn't make any distress calls . When a plane crashes, broken parts are usually recovered. But up to April 2, officials have not found anything. People are also talking about a possible hijacking. Interpol said that two people on the flight used stolen passports. But that information alone isn't evidence of a hijack.
The investigation is still going on. It could take months or even years to find out what happened to the flight.
"We are looking at all possibilities," said Malaysian Transport Minister Hishamuddin Hussein. "The most important thing now is to find the plane."
On March 24 came a piece of sad news. Malaysian Prime Minister Najib Razak said that the plane "ended in the southern Indian Ocean". Everyone on the plane died. But the mystery is still not solved. Nobody is giving up. China has said it will work hard to find out the truth at all costs. [/INST] question: Which country was the Flight MH370 flying to ? | options: A: Malaysia B: China C: Australia D: the US | answer: B </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Duodenal hematomas result from blunt abdominal trauma. They present as a high bowel obstruction with abdominal pain and occasionally a palpable right upper quadrant mass An upper gastrointestinal series is almost always diagnostic with the classic coiled. spring appearance of the second and third portions of the duodenum secondary to the crowding of the valvulae conniventes (circular folds) by the hematoma. Nonsurgical management is the mainstay of therapy because the vast majority of duodenal hematomas resolve spontaneously Simple evacuation of the hematoma is the operative procedure of choice. However, bypass procedures and duodenal resection have been performed for this problem. In patients with duodenal obstruction from the superior mesenteric artery syndrome, the obstruction is usually the result of a marked weight loss and, in conjunction with this, loss of the retropentoneal fat pad that elevates the superior mesenteric artery from the third and fourth portions of the duodenum. Nutritional repletion and replenishment of this fat pad will elevate the artery off the duodenum and relieve the obstruction. [/INST] question: Following blunt abdominal trauma, A 2 year old girl develops upper abdominal pain and vomiting. An upper gastrointestinal series reveals a total obstruction of the duodenum with a coiled spring appearance in the second and third portions. Appropriate management is | options: A: Gastrojejunostomy B: Nasogastric suction and observation C: Duodenal resection D: Duodenojejunostomy | answer: B </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors, which represent less than 1% of ovarian tumors, may produce symptoms of virilization. Histologically, they resemble fetal testes; clinically, they must be distinguished from other functioning ovarian neoplasms as well as from tumors of the adrenal glands, since both adrenal tumors and Sertoli-Leydig tumors produce androgens. The androgen production can result in seborrhea, acne, menstrual irregularity, hirsutism, breast atrophy, alopecia, deepening of the voice, and clitoromegaly. Recurrences of Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors, which seem to have a low malignant potential, usually appear within 3 years of the original diagnosis. Granulosa and theca cell tumors are often associated with excessive estrogen production, which may cause pseudoprecocious puberty, postmenopausal bleeding, or menorrhagia. These tumors are associated with endometrial carcinoma in 15% of patients. Because these tumors are quite friable, affected women frequently present with symptoms caused by tumor rupture and intraperitoneal bleeding. Granulosa tumors are low-grade malignancies that tend to recur more than 5 years after the initial diagnosis. Because their malignant potential is impossible to predict histologically, long-term follow-up is mandatory. Recurrences have been reported as late as 33 years after the original diagnosis. Gonadoblastomas frequently contain calcifications that can be detected by plain radiography of the pelvis. Women who have gonadoblastomas often have ambiguous genitalia. The tumors are usually small, and are bilateral in one-third of affected women. The malignant potential of immature teratomas correlates with the degree of immature or embryonic tissue present. The presence of choriocarcinoma can be determined histologically as well as by human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) assays. The presence of choriocarcinoma in an immature teratoma worsens the prognosis. Krukenberg tumors are typically bilateral, solid masses of the ovary that nearly always represent metastases from another organ, usually the stomach or large intestine. They contain large numbers of signet ring adenocarcinoma cells within a cellular hyperplastic but nonneoplastic ovarian stroma. [/INST] question: Select the ovarian tumor which is frequently associated with virilization (SELECT 1 TUMOR) | options: A: Granulosa tumor B: Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor C: Immature teratoma D: Gonadoblastoma | answer: B </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Share your poetry on FanStory, cont and you will receive detailed feedback for everything you post. The BEST way to share your writing?
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*Beginner to Expert--All forms of writing welcomed including poetry, fiction, non-fiction, book chapters, and scripts. Learn from feedback that will be written on everything you write.
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*Pressure Free Feedback--You will receive at least three reviews for everything you post. These reviews are included with your membership, A large reviewer base means you do not have to write reviews to get reviews.
*Magazine Subscription --Your membership includes a subscription to Lua Flow--our online magazine for writers.
*Fun--Enjoy an online experience with no match. Put your writing to work for you and enjoy the friendly and competitive nature of FanStory. com.
*Great Value--Free membership will get you started. Membership for writers is as low as $ 2.80 per month. One week trial period for membership.
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Join right now for a full year (or two!) and enjoy all the benefits of our membership for writers. You'll be posting in a few minutes. Start Your Membership For Writers Now!
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For over nine years we have been helping writers improve their skills. Get started with your free membership! [/INST] question: FanStory. com is a website where you can_. | options: A: publish your poems B: tell your stories C: easily win a lot of money D: put on all forms of your writing | answer: D </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Glaucoma associated with uveitis is one of the most difficult complications to address and manage.
Medical therapy with topical or systemic antiglaucoma medications is the first step in the treatment of glaucoma-associated uveitis P-blockers, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (acetamezolanzide), and dipivefrine.
β-blockers are the drug of choice.
Among antiglaucoma medications, prostaglandin analogues (e.g. latanoprost) should not be used as they breakdown the blood aqueous barrier and may exacerbate cystoid macular edema.
When medical therapy with topical or systemic antiglaucoma drugs does not control the IOT and optic nerve or field damage is documented, a surgical procedure becomes mandatory:- laser iridotomy (preferred) or surgical iridectomy.
However, surgery should be performed in a quiet eye under high doses of corticosteroids.
Coming to the question
Amongst the given options, latanoprost and dipivefrin are antiglaucoma drugs (reduce IOT).
However, latanoprost is contraindicated in uveitis glaucoma.
"Pilocarpine and latanoprost are contraindicated as uveitis may be exacerbated". - Parson's
"Latanoprost should be used with caution in patients with a history of intraocular inflammation (iritis/uveitis) and should generally not be used in patients with active intraocular inflammation". -Ciplodac.com
So, in this question the best answer is dipivefrin. [/INST] question: In a case of hypertensive uveitis, most useful drug to reduce intraocular pressure is – | options: A: Pilocarpine B: Latanoprost C: Physostigmine D: Dipivefrine | answer: D </s> |
<s>[INST] context: "English may be the global language of business but it is not enough by itself for companies to gain a lasting presence in many markets," the European Commission says in a study published last month.
The study collected by the British National Centre for Languages for the EU leader, says over 10 per cent of 2,000 small and medium-sized firms in 29 European countries sampled in the study have lost export contract because of lack of language skills. The study says French is used to trade with partners in Africa, Spanish in Latin America, and Russian in Eastern Europe.
"The picture is far more complex than the much-quoted view that English is the world language," the study says.
Multilingual Commissioner Leonard Orban admitted that English plays an important role worldwide, but he wants to improve more linguistic variety within the EU.
The EU's linguistic headaches have exploded with the group's expansion. Languages have become a sensitive topic in Brussels where English is increasingly eclipsing French as the main working language of the organization. Translation of EU papers into EU's 23 official languages costs 1 billion euros (US $1.31 billion) a year.
"We want to be open not only to official languages of the Union, but also to others like regional languages, languages of minorities, immigrants' languages and third countries' languages," Orband said.
Many EU students have improved their language skills during non-formal learning activities. Young people from more than 20 different nationalities travel across Europe to participate together in many cultural programmes, language courses, thematic workshops and other activities that are organized in about 100 cities. [/INST] question: When did the European Commission say that English is not enough by itself for trade? | options: A: Last week B: Last month C: On Dec. 20, 2006 D: On Apr. 1, 2007 | answer: B </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Siam Park -- Lagoa, Portugal
Slide and Splash is Portugal's largest water park and at 16,000 acres, it is widely considered to be one of the best in Europe. In this beautiful water park you can find attractions for everyone. Whether you love to relax and enjoy, or search for excitement, you can find everything for everyone there. Their best attractions are the Dragon and the Tower of Power.
Beach Park -- Aquiraz, Brazil
Beach Park in Aquiraz is a place which will make you a child again and again. The Beach Park has a resort, a beach leisure area with hot spring besides the water park itself. The place has over 18 unforgettable attractions, which they separate in 3 different parts: family, moderate and insane attractions. The last one is only for the brave visitors, as you can tell by the name.
Aquatica -- Orlando, Florida
Aquatica water park is placed directly across from Sea World Orlando and is an excellent way to cool off from the hot sun. The park has a huge variety of attractions. Once you are there, don't miss some of the greatest park attractions: The Dolphin Plunge, The HooRoo Run, The Omaka Rocka. Before you go, you should know that the park do not permit personal cameras while using their water slides or tube attractions.
Aquaventure -- Dubai, United Arab Emirates
This Dubai water park is a water world oasis at the tip of Palm Island. It is a perfect place to cool off, whatever your age. At this huge 42-acre water park at Atlantis the Palm you can speed down the world's largest water slide tube (30 feet wide), or brave the twists and turns of the world's first double slide within a slide. [/INST] question: Which can satisfy you if you want to take a bath in hot spring? | options: A: Siam Park B: Aquaventure C: Aquatica D: Beach Park | answer: D </s> |
<s>[INST] context: It was reported last week that developers could take photos from Apple mobile and Google Android devices without the phone owners knowing that the images were being taken. In Apple's case, developers can also obtain the location information for each photo.
Senator Charles Schumer said in a telephone interview that his office had spoken with officials at both Apple and Google on Monday.
"We asked them if they could find a way on their own to prevent Apple from having access to private information," Mr. Schumer said. "They were friendly and open to the idea that this ought to be changed."
On Sunday, Mr. Schumer said that he planned to send a letter to the Federal Trade Commission asking the agency to investigate Apple and Google after the privacy concerns came to light. Claudia Bourne Farrell, an F.T.C. spokeswoman, said the agency had received the letter but she could not comment further.
"It worries people to think that one's personal photos, address book, and who knows what else can be obtained and even posted online without permission," Mr. Schumer wrote in his letter to the F.T.C. "If the technology exists to open the door to this kind of privacy invasion , then surely technology exists to close it, and that's exactly what must happen."
Mr. Schumer said if Apple and Google could not come to an agreement to fix the problem, then he would be forced to take the issue further.
He said other companies had been willing to work with his office to fix issues. "I'm optimistic that we can get this changed without any regulation," he said. "If it's not changed, then we'll turn to the F.T.C., and if that doesn't work then we'llconsider legislative approach."
The F.T.C. has warned companies to try to be more vigilant in their efforts to protect consumers when it comes to privacy. [/INST] question: The senators spoke with officials at both Apple and Google _ | options: A: to discuss whether it is illegal to have access to private information B: to urge them not to invade consumers' privacy C: to stop them from developing the technology of taking photos D: to keep them from obtaining the location information for each photo | answer: B </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Do you sleep well? Some people get off to sleep as soon as their head hits the pillow, but many others are not so lucky. In fact, the lack of quality sleep has become a public health issue around the world. According to me World Association of Sleep Medicine, 45 percent of the world's population suffer from sleep problems. One in eight people don't sleep well and are easily woken. 7.6 percent sleep less than 3 hours each night. Some even cannot fall asleep for several days in a row.
As a basic bodily and mental need, sleep is essential for our survival, it helps us to fight diseases, strengthen our memory, perform better in work and school and improve our quality of life. Lack of sleep is known to have a significant negative influence on health, both in the short and long term. Poor sleep has been associated with obesity, diabetes, weakened immune systems and even some cancers, as well as depression and anxiety.
The World Sleep Day, held on the third Friday of March, is an annual celebration of sleep to lighten the burden of sleep problems through better prevention and management of sleep disorders.
To achieve this goal, we must figure out what causes sleepiness and sleeplessness.
Unhealthy lifestyle may be the first to blame. More and more people use cell phones and computers in bed, with many staying up until midnight. Modern technology does make our life convenient, but abuse of it ruins our health. Environmental conditions, such as temperature, noise, light, bed comfort also play an important Pole in one's ability to get proper sleep. Besides, improper evening diet, like a full or an empty stomach, coffee and alcohol all contribute to sleep problems. Of course, when it comes to causing poor sleep, stress from finances, family or work should never be ignored.
However, those who suffer from sleep disorders don't necessarily have to continue to do so -most sleep problems can be managed. [/INST] question: Which of the following is not a direct cause of sleep problems? | options: A: Unhealthy lifestyle B: Modern technology C: Environmental conditions D: Work stress | answer: B </s> |
<s>[INST] context: China and Japan are respectively the world's secondandthirdlargest economies. In 2008, China-Japan trade grew to $266.4 billion, a rise of 12.5 percent on 2007, making China and Japan the top two-way trading partners. China was also the biggest destination for Japanese exports in 2009.
The relationship between China and Japan has been _ at times by Japan's refusal to acknowledge itswartimepast to the satisfaction of China. China joined other Asian countries, such asSouth Korea,North KoreaandSingapore, in criticizing Japanese history textbooks that whitenJapanese war crimesinWorld War II. They claimed that the rise ofmilitarismbecame evident in Japanese politics. Muchanti-Japanese emotion has risen, because of the increasing feelings ofChinese nationalismand former Prime MinisterJunichiro Koizumi's visits to theYasukuni Shrine . Although Koizumi openly declared---in a statement made on April 22, 2005 in Jakarta--- "deep regret" overJapan's wartime crimes, many Chinese observers regard the apology as insufficient and not consistent with the action.
Sino-Japan relations changed slightly after Shinzo Abebecame thePrime Minister of Japanin September 2006, and a joint historical study conducted by China and Japan released a report in 2010 which pointed toward new agreement on the issue ofWorld War II-era violent action.
However, there also remains the dispute over the Diaoyu Islands, which resulted in clashes between Taiwanese (Chinese) protesters and the Japanese government in April 2005. The incident led to anti-Japanese protests and violence across Mainland China, from BeijingtoShanghai, laterGuangzhou,ShenzhenandShenyang. In August 2012, Hong Kong activists landed on one of the disputed Diaoyu Islands, and Japanese nationalists responded by landing on the island the following week. The incidents set off the largest-scale anti-Japanese protests in China for decades in which protesters vandalized Japanese shops and cars. On the 14th of September relations worsened even further in response to Japan's announcement of plans to buy the island from its private owners. The news resulted in the Chinese government sending six surveillance ships to the islands and further anti-Japanese protests in which protesters attacked the Japanese embassies in Shanghai and Beijing. [/INST] question: Which of the following is true about China-Japan relations? | options: A: China and Japan relations are worsening all the time B: Junichiro Koizumi's apology improved their relations C: There is no dispute on the World War II- era violence any more D: The dispute over Diaoyu islands caused more than one anti-Japan protests in China | answer: D </s> |
<s>[INST] context: What is the E-mail
The e-mail, which is also called email, stands for "electronic mail". You can send messages in only a few seconds by e-mail.
On the Internet there are many powerful computers called "servers" to help people send and receive emails. The sending and receiving servers are just like post offices. If you want to use the email service, you have to open at least an email account called a "mailbox", just like we set up a mailbox in a post office. Some mailboxes are provided free of charge by ISPs, which you can get when you open an Internet account. Most widely used mailboxes are provided free by the ISPs, and anyone can apply for one even if he has no ISP account.
How to apply for a free mailbox? First you have to connect to the Internet and go to the homepage of the ISP providing free mailboxes. Then you'll find an icon showing "apply for a free mailbox", click the icon, an agreement about the rules for using the free mailbox will appear. If you want to go on, click the icon "I agree". Then you have to fill in a form about your basic personal information, and the name and pin of the mailbox. The pin is the key to the mailbox. After finishing these, you'll get a mailbox like this: your name @ mail server, for example: jack@ 163. com. The mailbox is separated into two parts by a separator "@", which is read as "at". The former part is the name of the mailbox. The latter is the domain name of the mail server. All mails to you will be received by the server and put into your mailbox. You can read this mail on any computer in the world as long as you have the name and pin of the mailbox. [/INST] question: If you want to send or receive an email, you should first _ . | options: A: write to the ISPs B: fill in a form C: apply for a mailbox D: go to the post office | answer: C </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Raymond Begg had been taught use of the ribbon arch appliance at the Angle school before his return to Australia in the 1920s. Working independently in Adelaide, Begg also concluded that extraction of teeth was often necessary, and set out to adapt the ribbon arch appliance so that it could be used for better control of root position.
Begg’s adaptation took three forms:
He replaced the precious metal ribbon arch with high-strength 16-mil round stainless steel wire when this became available from an Australian company in the late 1930s;
He retained the original ribbon arch bracket, but turned it upside down so that the bracket slot pointed gingivally rather than occlusally; and
He added auxiliary springs to the appliance for control of root position.
In the resulting Begg appliance friction was minimized because the area of contact between the narrow ribbon arch bracket and the archwire was very small and the force of the wire against the bracket was also small.
Binding was minimized because Begg’s strategy for anchorage control was tipping and uprighting , and tipping minimizes the angle of contact between the wire and corner of the bracket. [/INST] question: The 'Begg appliance' is a modification of | options: A: Ribbon arch appliance B: E-arch appliance C: Edgewise appliance D: Pin and tube appliance | answer: A </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Every year thousands of tourists visit Pompeii, Italy. They see the sights that Pompeii is famous for-its stadium and theatres, its shops and restaurants. The tourists do not, however, see Pompeii's people. They do not see them because Pompeii has no people. No one has lived in Pompeii for almost 2000 years.
Once, Pompeii was a busy city of 22,000 people. It lay at the foot of Mount Vesuvius, a grass-covered volcano. Mount Vesuvius had not erupted for centuries, so the people of Pompeii felt safe, But they were not.
In August of AD 79 , Mount Vesuvius erupted. The entire top of the mountain exploded, and a huge black cloud rose into the air. Soon stones and hot ash began to fall on Pompeii . When the eruption ended , Pompeii was hurried under 20 feet of stones and ashes. Almost all of its people were dead.
For centuries, Pompeii lay buried under stone and ash. Then, in the year 1861,an Italian scientist named Ginseppe began to uncover Pompeii. Slowly, carefully, Ginseppe and his men dug. The city looked almost the same as it had looked in AD79 , There were streets and fountains, houses and shops, There was a stadium with 20,000 seats , Perhaps the most important of all, there were everyday objects, which tell us a great deal about the people who lived in Pompeii. Many glasses and jars had some dark blue color in the bottom, so we know that the people of Pompeii liked wine, They liked bread, too; metal bread pans were in the bakery .In one bakery there were 81 round , flat loaves of bread -a type of bread that is still sold in Italy today . Tiny boxes filled with a dark, shiny powder tell us that women liked to wear eye-makeup. [/INST] question: Why do large numbers of people come to Pompeii each year? | options: A: To find the volcano B: To shop and eat there C: To watch sports and plays D: To see how Pompeians lived | answer: D </s> |
<s>[INST] context: One day a student was taking a walk with his teacher. As they went along, they saw a pair of old shoes lying in the path. They were a poor farmer's, who was working in the nearby field.
The student turned to the teacher, saying: "we will hide his shoes, and hide ourselves behind those trees, and wait to see what he will do."
"My young friend," answered the teacher, "we should never make fun of the poor. Why not put a coin in each shoe, and then we will hide ourselves and watch?" The student did so and they both hid themselves behind the trees. The poor man soon finished his work, and came across the field to the path where he had left his coat and shoes.
After putting on his coat, he put his foot into one of his shoes, and felt something hard. Then he bent down to feel what it was, and found the coin. Surprised, he looked at the coin, turned it around and looked at it again. He then looked around, but no person was seen. He put the money into his pocket, and continued to put on the other shoe. His surprise was doubled on finding the other coin.
He couldn't control his feelings and fell to his knees, looked up to the sky and expressed his thanks. Then he spoke of his wife, sick and helpless, and his children without bread. He said the help would save them from dying.
The student stood there deeply moved, and his eyes filled with tears. "Now," said the teacher, "are you not much happier than if you had hidden the shoes?" [/INST] question: When the student saw the shoes, he wanted to _ . | options: A: steal them B: find their owner C: play a joke on the owner D: give the owner some money | answer: C </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Tahiti is the largest island of the French Polynesia in South Pacific. It covers 1,045 km and has a population of 183,600.The weather there is neither too hot nor too cold. It's always warm and humid.
Tahitian people are very friendly and welcoming. They welcome visitors with music, dance and flowers. The Tiare Tahiti flower, which can only be found in Tahiti, is used for greeting arriving visitors and returning family, It's popular for women and men to wear the flowers behind their left ears.
In Tahiti, there are always a lot of things to do and to see. Around the island are hundreds of places perfect for diving. In the waters, you can meet all kinds of colorful fish and many other living things that you can't name. Feeding sharks is another exciting popular activity. You can stand in the water behind a safe rope to watch a shark trainer hand--feed the sharks, or enjoy this fantastic scene from the boat. If you want to find a place to swim, have a sun bath or admire the beautiful sunset, Pointe Venus Lighthouse, a black sand beach, is a great choice.
In the evening ,you can have Tahitian food, Chinese food and French--style dishes at To'ata, a square with many small restaurants. All kinds of fruit juice from coconut milk to pineapple juice can be found everywhere. Some hotels in Tahiti are built above the waters. Beautiful fish swimming below can be seen through the glass floor or coffee table. They are really wonderful places to relax and refresh you.
Tahiti, an amazing place to do everything or nothing at all, is waiting for you. [/INST] question: The weather in Tahiti is usually _ . | options: A: hot B: cold C: warm D: dry | answer: C </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Gail Mirabella works as a dog trainer for a circus . She used to train her dogs to do _ when she was a kid. Finally, her hobby turned into her job. Several days ago, she talked to Time Magazine reporter, Cameron Young, about her love for dogs.
Reporter: Did you always want to be a dog trainer in a circus?
Mirabella: When I was a little kid, I did my first dog show, a kid's dog show. And I took first place . From then on, I knew I wanted to work with dogs, but who would know I'd be in a circus?
Reporter: Did you have any dogs growing up?
Mirabella: Of course. I had a white dog when I was a little baby. Three years later, it died. And then we got two family dogs. On my fourteenth birthday, my uncle bought me a dog. It was a big dog.
Reporter: How long does it take you to train a dog, one month, half a year or one year?
Mirabella: That depends on the dog. I have thirteen dogs and I let them all play together, but I do a lot of special work with each dog. They know I am their owner because I do all the feeding.
Reporter: If you aren't a dog trainer, what will you be?
Mirabella: A dog. Just joking. I will probably still work with animals. [/INST] question: Mirabella decided to work with dogs after _ . | options: A: she joined a circus B: one of her dogs died C: she had her first dog D: she won a kid's dog show | answer: D </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Bali is a tiny island that is part of Indonesia today. It is a pretty island that has many mountains and a pleasant climate. For a long time, Bali was cut off from much of the world.
The people of Bali were happy and had a peaceful life. They were not allowed to fight. At one time there had been terrible wars on Bali. Then the people decided it was wrong to fight or have wars. They made rules to keep apart those people who wanted to fight.
Bali was divided into seven small kingdoms. The land around each kingdom was kept empty, and no one lived there. Since the kingdoms did not share the same borders , the people could not fight about them.
On Bali, even children were not allowed to fight. If two children started a fight over a toy, someone separated them. When two boys argued, they would agree not to speak to each other. Sometimes they did not talk together for months; this gave the boys a chance to forget their anger.
Families who were angry with each other also promised not to speak. Their promise was written down, and the whole village knew about it. If they broke their promise, they had to offer gifts to their gods. [/INST] question: Bali is an island belonging to _ . | options: A: Europe B: Africa C: Asia D: America | answer: C </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Budd chiari syndrome The most common cause of an acute severe livery injury in a young pregnant women are - Viral hepatitis (HAV, HBV) - Eclampsia, preeclampsia (HELLP syndrome) - Acute fatty liver of pregnancy - Budd chiary syndrome Let us discuss the options Preeclampsia and Eclampsia - It is the most common cause of abnormal liver chemistry test in women. Liver enzyme tests are only mildly abnormal in patients with liver diseases. Aminotransferases are modestly elevated. Alkaline phosphatase is subtantially increased But in these cases delivery of the fetus is followed by rapid normalization of the hepatic abnormalities. Moreover there is no mention of history of P.I.H, hemolysis and thrombocytopenia (HELLP syndrome) Acute Fatty liver of pregnancy Acute fatty liver develops after 34th week of pregnancy Jaundice develops a few days after the onset, the serum bilirubin is rarely above 10 mg/dl. Alkaline phosphate is markedly elevated. Aminotransferases are moderately elevated. A markedly raised serum ammonia is the most diagnostic finding in establishing the diagnosis of acute fatty liver-of pregnancy Fulminant hepatic failure The patient presents with features of severe acute hepatitis leading to the development of hepatic encephalopathy within 8 weeks of onset. The bilirubin increases to 20-30 mg/d1. The aminotransferase levels are very high (> 1000) alkaline phosphatase moderately elevated. Delivery is usually the best treatment. Paurition usually results in resolution. Budd chiary syndrome It is a disorder characterized by thrombotic occlusion of the hepatis veins. It is a rare complication of pregnancy. Most of the cases presents within few weeks of delivery but in several cases onset occurs during pregnancy. Clinical triad of B.C. syndrome includes sudden onset of abdominal pain, hepatontegaly and ascites near tee_ rn or sholy after delivery. Tender hepatomegaly is one of the hallmark of Budd chiari syndrome. Ascites with a high protein content is always present. Aminotransferases are mildly elevated. Jaundice is seen in only half of the cases. [/INST] question: A9 month old pregnant lady presents with Jaundice and distension, pedal edema after delivering normal baby. Her clinical condition deteriorates with increasing abdominal distension and severe ascites. Her bilirubin is 5 mg/dl, S. alkaline phosphatase was 450 u/L and ALT (345 Iu). There is tender hepatomegaly 6 cm below costal margin and ascitic fluid shw protein less than 2 mg%. Diagnosis is | options: A: >Acute fatty liver of pregnancy B: >HELLP syndrome C: >Acute fulminant, liver failure D: >Budd chiari syndrome | answer: D </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Paget disease The clinical and lab. findings in this elderly male along with characteristic x-ray findings are indicative of Paget ds. Paget disease Paget disease, a relatively common bone disorder, is a chronic progressive disturbance in bone metabolism that primarily effects older persons. Male > Females (3 : 2) Pathology The basic pathological process in Paget disease involves the balance between hone resorption and new bone formation (Osteoclastic and osteoblastic bone activity) The disease passes through three stages : 1st - Oeolytic or hot phase - the pathological process is initiated by overactive osteoclastic bone resorption. IInd - Intermediatior Mixed phase - Osteoclastic hone resorption is followed by compensatory increase in osteoblastic new bone formation. 111rd - Cool Phase - this is sclerotic phase in which the osteoblastic activity is greatly in excess of osteoclastic resorption, leading to marked thickening of bony trabeculae and coex. New pagetic bone is structurally disorganized and more susceptible to bowing and fracture. Although most patients are asymptomatic, a variety of symptoms and complications may result directly from bony involvement or secondarily from the expansion of bone and subsequent compression of neural tissue (sensorineural hearing loss in this patient due to compression of choclear nerve from temporal bone involvement) Biochemically the increase in osteoblastic activity is reflected in elevated levels of serum alkaline phosphatase which can rise to extremely high values. The increase in osteoclastic bone resorption is reflected in high urinary levels of hydroxyproline, which is formed as a result of collagen breakdown. Distribution The distribution of the disease varies from monostotic involvement to widespread disease. Pelvis is the most commonly involved bone followed by femur, skull, tibia, veebrae. Clinical manifestations Asymptomatic patients are often diagnosed by discovery of an elevated alkaline phosphatase level on routine blood chemistry or from an abnormality on a skeletal radiograph obtained for other reasons. Pain is the most common presenting symptom. It occurs due to increased bony vascularity, expanding lytic lesions, fractures, bowing or other deformities of the extremities. Bowing of the femur or tibia causes gait abnormalities and abnormal mechanical stresses with secondary osteoahritis of the hip or knee joints. Back pain results due to enlarged pagetic veebrae, veebral compression fractures, spinal stenosis or kyphosis. Skull involvement may cause headache, symmetric or assymmetric enlargement of the parietal or frontal bones (frontal bossing) and increased head size Cranial expansion may narrow cranial foramine and cause neurological complications including hearing loss from choclear nerve damage from temporal bone involvement, cranial nerve palsies, and softening of the base of the skull (platybasia) and the risk of brainstem compression. Pagetic involvement of the facial bones may cause facial deformities, loss of teeth or other dental conditions. Other complications are - Fractures (most common complication) - Neoplastic transformation: development of bone sarcoma (most commonly osteosarcoma) is a rare but serious complication of Paget disease. - Cardiovascular complications : The extensive aeriovenous shunting and marked increase in blood flow through the vascular pagetic bone leads to a high output state and cardiac enlargement. Diagnosis The diagnosis may be suggested on clinical examination by the enlarged skull with frontal bossing, bowing of an extremity, or sho stature with simian posturing. A warm extremity on palpation may suggest an underlying pagetic bone Radiological findings Radiographic features depend on the stage of the disorder In the early osteolytic phase - active bone resorption is evident as a radioluscent wedged area in long bones termed as 'candle flame' or 'blade of grass'. - in the flat bones such as the calvarium or the iliac bone, purely osteolytic lesion is noted, k/a osteoporosis circumscripta Later phases of new bone formation - Bone remodelling appears radiographically as thickening of the coex, coarse trabeculation and enlargement or expansion of an entire bone or area of a long bone. - Veebral coical thickening of the superior and inferior end plates creates a 'picture frame veebra'. - Diffuse radiodense enlargement of a veebra is referred to as 'ivory veebra'. - Skull x ray shows focal patchy densities - cotton ball appearance, which is quite characteristic of Paget disease. - Pelvic radiograph demonstrate disruption or fusion of the sacro-iliac joints and softening with protrusio acetabuli - Long bones reveal bowing deformities and typical pagetic changes of coical thickening and expansion and areas of lucency and sclerosis. Biochemical findings - T alkaline phosphatase levels (indicative of osteoblastic activity, marker of bone (formation) - T Urinary hydroxyproline levels (marker of bone resorption) [The parallel rise in serum alkaline phosphatase and urinary hydroxyproline levels confirm bone formation and resorption in Paget disease} The degree of bone marker elevation reflects the extent and severity of the disease. - Urinary and serum deoxypyridinoline N-telopeptide, and C-telopeptide levels are products of degradation and are more specific for bone resorption than hydroxyproline. - Serum calcium and phosphate levels are normal Treatment - Paget disease is treated with drugs which suppress the very high rates of bone resorption and secondarily decrease the high rates of bone formation Bisphosphonates - Etidronate - A lendronare - Tiludronate - Risedronate - Pamidronate Calcitonin [/INST] question: 60 yrs old male with bony abnormality at upper tibia associated with sensori neural hearing loss. On laboratory examination serum alkaline phosphatase levels are (440 mU/1) elevated and serum Ca++ and PO4-- are normal. Skeletal survey shows ivory veebrae and cotton wool spots in x-ray skull. Diagnosis is : | options: A: >Fibrous dysplasia B: >Paget disease C: >Osteosclerotic metastasis D: >Osteoporosis | answer: B </s> |
<s>[INST] context: "As sure as you're alive now, Peter Rabbit, some day I will catch you," shouted Reddy Fox, as he put his black nose in the hole between the roots of the Big Hickory-tree which grows close to the Smiling Pool. "It is lucky for you that you were not one jump farther away from this hole."
Peter, safe inside that hole, didn't have a word to say, or, if he did, he didn't have breath enough to say it. It was quite true that if he had been one jump farther from that hole, Reddy Fox would have caught him. As it was, the hairs on Peter's funny white tail actually had tickled Reddy's back as Peter ran wildly through the root-bound entrance to that hole. It had been the narrowest escape Peter had had for a long, long time. You see, Reddy Fox had surprised Peter eating sweet clover on the bank of the Smiling Pond, and it had been a lucky thing for Peter that hole, dug long ago by Johnny Chuck's grandfather, had been right where it was. Also, it was a lucky thing that old Mr. Chuck had been wise enough to make the entrance between the roots of that tree in such a way that it could not be dug any larger.
Reddy Fox was too shrewd to waste any time trying to dig it larger. He knew there wasn't room enough for him to get between those roots. So, after trying to make Peter as uncomfortable as possible by telling him what he, Reddy, would do to him when he did catch him, Reddy walked across the Green Meadows. Peter remained where he was for a long time. When he was quite sure that it was safe to do so, he crawled out and hurried to the Old Orchard. He felt that that would be the safest place for him, because there were ever so many hiding places in the old stone wall along the edge of it. [/INST] question: Where is Peter Rabbit hiding? | options: A: On the bank of a pond B: In a hole C: In a tall tree D: Behind a room | answer: B </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Still wonder where to stay? We have a lot to offer.
GUEST ROOMS
Spacious, stylish guest rooms include all the necessities for an unforgettable stay. All guest rooms feature workstations with Internet access, two telephones with voice mail, and in-room safes .
SUITES
Hilton Toronto offers a variety of one-bedroom and Junior Suites. Spoil yourself in the ultimate elegance, and capture the spirit of Canada in one of our four Signature suites.
EXECUTIVE ROOMS
You can enjoy Wi-Fi and access to the private Executive Lounge for breakfast, all-day coffee service and so on. The modern executive rooms offer views of downtown Toronto and come with robes, slippers, 47-inch flat-screen plasma TVs, over-sized chairs, large work desks and coffeemakers.
The Executive Lounge is open 6:30am to 10:00pm Monday through Thursday, 6:30am to 11:00am Friday, and closed on Saturday and Sunday.
ACCESSIBLE ROOMS
Our accessible rooms have features designed for our disabled Guests. Partially accessible rooms have safety bars, raised vanities and toilets. Transfer benches are available upon request.
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145 RICHMOND STREET WEST, TORONTO, ONTARIO, M5H 212, CANADA
TEL: +1- 416-869-3456
FAX: +1-416-869-3187 [/INST] question: Which is not got in the private Executive Lounge? | options: A: Wi-Fi on Friday B: Plasma TVs on Monday C: Coffeemakers on Thursday D: Coffee service on Sunday | answer: D </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Starting from April, 2010, you won't be hearing the word "NBA" on sports programs on CCTV. Instead, sport host will give the full Chinese name when they refer to the NBA - National Basketball Association. You also won't hear any other English abbreviations on CCTV's Chinese programs, such as GDP (gross domestic product), or WTO (World Trade Organization). You will hear their Chinese translations.
CCTV received a notice from the State Administration of Radio, Film and Television telling it to avoid using English-language abbreviations in their reports to protect the "purity" of the Chinese language. A few other TV stations also received the notice.
Fu Zhenguo, an editor of People's Daily, is one of the people who suggested the change. "Firstly, using English in a Chinese-speaking environment is against Chinese law," he said. "Then, using English on Chinese TV programs is unfair to people who don't understand English. What's worse, it will have a bad language influence on kids and teenagers."
A lot of netizens have criticized the move, saying that it will cause problems for them.
"I understand what CD, VCD and DVD mean when I hear them. But I won't know what the TV programs are talking about if I hear those products' full Chinese names," a netizen wrote in a BBS post. Following the same post, another netizen wrote jokingly: "I'm not listening to my MP3 now. I'm listening to my Moving Picture Experts Group-1 Audio Layer 3 ." [/INST] question: How many reasons did Fu Zhenguo list to show his support for the change? | options: A: 1 B: 2 C: 3 D: 4 | answer: C </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Facebook is now used by 30 million people in the UK,about half the population.
Joanna Shields,vice president of Facebook Europe,made the announcement this morning at a media conference in London.
She said: "We can announce today that we have reached 30 million in the UK,which we are really excited about."
Globally,Facebook has more than 500 million registered users,a milestone it hit last summer.Last July,it also revealed that it had 26 million registered UK users.In the last eight months,it has attracted four million extra UK users,bringing the UK total to 30 million,while in January 2009,Facebook had only 150 million registered users.
Last year,Zuckerberg,Facebook's founder,said it was "almost a guarantee" that the site would hit one billion users.He explained: "If we succeed in innovating,there is a good chance of bringing this to a billion people...it will be interesting to see how it comes true."
One third of women aged 18 to 34 check Facebook when they first wake up,before even going to the toilet,according to research.Twenty-one per cent of women aged between 18 to 34 check Facebook in the middle of the night,while 42 per cent of the same group think it is fine to post drunken photos of themselves onto the social network,a study by Oxygen Media found.
Shields was speaking this morning at the Financial Times Digital Media and Broadcasting Conference about the power Facebook's referrals can bring to media sites,such as newspapers and TV services.
She explained that the average Facebook user has 130 friends who they share links to media sites with on a regular basis."Media companies which take advantage of that are really seeing the benefits",Shields said.
Shields refused to say whether Facebook would develop its own mobile phone operating system and also said it was "silly" that Google had recently disabled the feature which allowed Google users to sync their contacts with Facebook friends. [/INST] question: What is Joanna Shields content with? | options: A: the announcement B: media conference C: fast growing registered users D: the benefits of Facebook | answer: C </s> |
<s>[INST] context: There are so many options in fracture management and it is useless to explain them here. I am giving only brief description.
Management of fracture
The principles in fracture management are : -
1)Reduction
In displaced fractures, fracture site is reduced to proper alignment first.
Reduction may be : -
A) Closed : - Without opening the fracture site. This can be done by : -
Closed manipulation of fracture site.
Continuous traction to counteract the forces which prevent reduction.
B) Open : - Fracture site is opened and then the fracture is reduced.
2) Immobilization of fractured bone
After reduction, immobilization is necessary to maintain the bones in reduced position.
This may be dony by : -
Plaster of paris (cast or slab)
Using implant : -
i) For long Bones
Intramedullary nailing eg K nail, interlocking nail, Rush nail, reconstruction nail etc.
Plating eg. DCP
External fixator
Dynamic hip screw (DHS) & Dynamic condylar screw CDCS
Plaster cast
ii) For short bones
Screws
K-wire
Tension band wiring
Here I would like to explain one fact, which may otherwise cause confusion : -
Closed reduction does not mean that treatment is always non-operative (conservative).
Closed reduction may be : -
Conservative : - When reduction is done without opening of fracture site and the fracture site is immobilized without fixing by implant but by plaster or splints.
Surgical : - When reduction is done without opening of fracture site and the fracture site is fixed by implants, e.g., by percutaneous K-wire or screw.
Open reduction is always surgical; no confusion about that. [/INST] question: Long bone fracture fixation done with -a) Intramedullary nailb) Compression platec) External fixationd) Screwe) Tension band wiring | options: A: abc B: bc C: acd D: bcd | answer: A </s> |
<s>[INST] context: - Given clinical features suggets the diagnosis of congenital hypothyroidism which can be caused d/t defect in thyroid. Hence option 4 is the answer. Cretinism: - Cretinism denotes physical & mental insufficiency secondary to congenital hypothyroidism. - Cretinism may be endemic, sporadic or familial & is twice as frequent in girls as in boys. - Iodination of salt has reduced incidence of cretinism in the United States and other countries. - The most common cause of neonatal hypothyroidism today is agenesis of thyroid, which occurs at rate of 1 in 4,000 newborns. - Symptoms of congenital hypothyroidism appear in early weeks of life and include sluggishness a large abdomen often with umbilical herniation impaired development of skeletal & central nervous system severe mental retardation protruding tongue low body temperature refractory anemia. stunted growth & characteristic facies - If thyroid hormone replacement therapy is not promptly provided, this results in mentally retarded dwarfs. [/INST] question: The parents of a 4-week-old girl complain that their baby is apathetic and sluggish. On physical examination, the child's abdomen is large and exhibits an umbilical hernia. The skin is pale and cold, and the temperature is 35degC (95degF). Which of the following provides a plausible explanation for the signs and symptoms of this child? | options: A: Cystic fibrosis B: Muscular dystrophy C: Parathyroid hyperplasia D: Thyroid agenesis | answer: D </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Jim was a 15-year-old boy living with his little sister, Joy. Their parents had passed away long ago. Jim took care of Joy by himself.
One day, Jim woke up at 3 in the morning as usual. When Joy was sleeping alone, Jim left their little house to deliver newspapers. As he did so, he found something unusual. One man was sitting in front of Jim's house. Jim was so surprised that he stopped to look at him closely. It was an icy morning and he looked very old.
The poor old man didn't have anything to cover himself with. Jim went into his house to get the old man a blanket . However, there were no extra blankets, so Jim thought hard and took his father's coat. It was the only thing of his father's that he had left. Jim wrote a short note. "Sir, I found you sleeping in front of my house. This is my father's coat. I hope it fits you well." He put the note in a pocket of the coat, and covered the old man with the coat. Then he went to work. When he came back three hours later, both the man and the coat were gone. Jim thought that it was the best thing he could have done with his father's coat.
That afternoon, Jim hurried home after school because Joy was at home alone. However, Joy and the old man were standing in front of the house, and Joy shouted to Jim, "Brother!He's our grandfather!"
The grandfather smiled and said, "Jim, I have been looking for you all around the country for eight years. I'm not rich. But I can take care of you two. Thank you for giving me the coat and letting me know what a good person my grandson is. This coat was the very one that I gave my own son, a long time ago." [/INST] question: Jim looked after his little sister by himself because _ . | options: A: they were too poor B: their grandfather left them C: he was old enough D: their parents had died | answer: D </s> |
<s>[INST] context: I love My Country is a Dutch TV series, first aired in the Netherlands on March 8, 2008.A tenth season was aired in late 2012, with an 11thseason airing in March, 2013.
The show was created by the Dutchman John de Mol and has been sold to at least 25 countries in the world.
The series is divided into two teams. Each team, led by its leader, has three members. The teams have to answer questions about their own home country, like "What is the capital...?", "When did our country end the war with...?"etc. At the end of the programme the winning team gets a bicycle.
Big Ideas is a Canadian television series produced by TVOntario, on the air since 2001. The idea of starting the programme came from Wodek Szemberg who worked as the producer of the programme afterwards. The programme show lectures to the public given by famous university educators.
Big Ideas airs on TV Ontario on Saturdays and Sundays at 5 pm, with repeat airings at 5 am on Sunday and Monday mornings.
In 2007, Big Ideas held its Best Lecture Competition for the second time. Dr. Michael Persinger, from Laurentian University, received the best-lecturer award.
The show stopped in the spring of 2013 because TVO had little money for it. [/INST] question: How many seasons of I Love My Country has been aired so far? | options: A: 8 B: 9 C: 10 D: 11 | answer: D </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Once in a blue moon, there is one on New Year's Eve. Revelers ringing in 2010 will be treated to a so-called blue moon. According to popular definition, a blue moon is the second full moon in a month. But don't expect it to be blue - the name has nothing to do with the color of our closest celestial neighbor. A full moon occurred on December 2. It will appear again on Thursday in time for the New Year's countdown.
The New Year's Eve blue moon will be visible in the United States, Canada, Europe, South America and Africa. For partygoers in Australia and Asia, the full moon does not show up until New Year's Day, making January a blue moon month for them.
A full moon occurs every 29.5 days, and most years have 12. On average, an extra full moon in a month - a blue moon - occurs every 2.5 years. The last time there was a lunar double take was in May 2007. New Year's Eve blue moons are rarer, occurring every 19 years. The last time was in 1990; the next one won't come again until 2028.
"Blue moons have no astronomical significance," said Greg Laughlin, an astronomer at the University of California. "`Blue moon' is just a name in the same sense as a `hunter's moon'(a full moon in octorber) or a `harvest moon,'" Laughlin said in an e-mail.
The popular definition of blue moon came about after a writer for Sky & Telescope magazine in 1946 misinterpreted the Maine Farmer's Almanac and labeled a blue moon as the second full moon in a month. In fact, the almanac defined a blue moon as the third full moon in a season with four full moons. [/INST] question: What's the color of blue moon? | options: A: blue B: golden C: green D: red | answer: B </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Essential hypeension tends to be familial and is likely to be the consequence of an interaction between environmental and genetic factors. The prevalence of essential hypeension increases with age, and individuals with relatively high blood pressures at younger ages are at increased risk for the subsequent development of hypeension.It is likely that essential hypeension represents a spectrum of disorders with different underlying pathophysiologies. In the majority of patients with established hypeension, peripheral resistance is increased and cardiac output is normal or decreased; however, in younger patients with mild or labile hypeension, cardiac output may be increased and peripheral resistance may be normal. When plasma renin activity (PRA) is plotted against 24-h sodium excretion, ~10-15% of hypeensive patients have high PRA and25% have low PRA. High-renin patients may have a vasoconstrictor form of hypeension, whereas low-renin patients may have volumedependent hypeension. Inconsistent associations between plasma aldosterone and blood pressure have been described in patients with essential hypeension.. ref:Harrison&;s principles of internal medicine,ed 18,pg no 2048 [/INST] question: In essential hypeention changes seen in the hea are- | options: A: Cardiac cell hyperplasia B: Cardiac cell hyperophy C: increse in the mitochondrial number D: Increase in size of mitochondria | answer: B </s> |
<s>[INST] context: * You'll never be good at Maths.
It's generally accepted that boys are good at Maths and girls aren't. The fact is that it isn't true.
When girls reach their teens, most of them lose their interest in Maths. They think they are females. They want to stay away from things that are boys' things, and Maths is still thought of to be a boy's thing. The Maths class is hard, but if you give it a chance, you could be great at Maths, especially because you are a girl.
* Being skinny is good.
Lots of websites tell visitors that losing interest in eating is a beautiful thing. They are lying. Losing interest in eating is a disease, not a healthy thing. It can kill you.
* You are not supposed to make as much money as a guy.
It's said that in 2014 women who work full-time earn about 23 percent less than guys earn. Once you see real women successful in cool jobs, you'll truly get that you're worth just as much or more than any guys.
* Caffeine will help you study better.
Caffeinated soft drinks have long been advertised as must-haves for women when you have to work very hard. But if you want to do your body a big favor, you'd better give up caffeine. [/INST] question: The word "skinny" means too _ . | options: A: tall B: slim C: fit D: strong | answer: B </s> |
<s>[INST] context: World leaders from nearly 200 countries have signed an important historic agreement to fight global climate change. The agreement came after two weeks of talks between the leaders at the 21st Conference in Paris, France.
As part of the Paris agreement, countries said they would cut down on pollution However, according to the terms of the deal, countries that don't do this will not be punished, or fined. Instead,the document is meant to show that governments around the world take climate change seriously and are willing to work together to fight global warming.
World leaders have met many times to discuss climate change. But, the 21st Conference of Parties, or COP21, which began on November 30 in Paris, was the first time they agreed on a global, legal pact .
Before the conference, each nation was asked to create plans on how to reach the shared goal. The pact that was signed allows countries to decide the best way to cut down their gas pollution. No matter how they decide to go green, each country must report honestly on all of their efforts. Every five years, nations must look at the work they've done and submit new plans on how they will improve over the next five years.
In the pact, the countries pledge to limit the amount of greenhouse gases emitted by human activity to the levels that trees,soil and oceans can absorb naturally. It urges countries to spend trillions of dollars on creating new energy sources, like solar and wind power. It also requires countries to raise at least $ 100 billion each year to help developing countries.
However, critics of the pact say it is not detailed enough, and doesn't include specifics about how the plan will be enforced and how improvements will be measured. The pact does include one large, specific goal: how countries will aim to keep global temperatures from rising more than 3. 60degF(20degC) by 2100.
Nonetheless,the agreement is considered by many world leaders to be a major victory. The U. N. has been working more than two decades to convince governments to work together to reduce man-made emissions.
"History will remember this day," U. N. Secretary General Ban Ki-moon said. "The Paris agreement on climate change is a monumental success for the planet and its people." [/INST] question: When was the legal pact probably passed? | options: A: On November 30 B: On December 4 C: On December 8 D: On December 12 | answer: D </s> |
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