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# Coming from CMD.EXE
This table was last updated for Nu 0.67.0.
| CMD.EXE | Nu | Task |
| ------------------------------------ | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| `ASSOC` | | Displays or modifies file extension associations |
| `BREAK` | | Trigger debugger breakpoint |
| `CALL <filename.bat>` | `<filename.bat>` | Run a batch program |
| | `nu <filename>` | Run a nu script in a fresh context |
| | `source <filename>` | Run a nu script in this context |
| | `use <filename>` | Run a nu script as a module |
| `CD` or `CHDIR` | `$env.PWD` | Get the present working directory |
| `CD <directory>` | `cd <directory>` | Change the current directory |
| `CD /D <drive:directory>` | `cd <drive:directory>` | Change the current directory |
| `CLS` | `clear` | Clear the screen |
| `COLOR` | | Set the console default foreground/background colors |
| | `ansi {flags} (code)` | Output ANSI codes to change color |
| `COPY <source> <destination>` | `cp <source> <destination>` | Copy files |
| `COPY <file1>+<file2> <destination>` | `[<file1>, <file2>] \| each { open --raw } \| str join \| save --raw <destination>` | Append multiple files into one |
| `DATE /T` | `date now` | Get the current date |
| `DATE` | | Set the date |
| `DEL <file>` or `ERASE <file>` | `rm <file>` | Delete files |
| `DIR` | `ls` | List files in the current directory |
| `ECHO <message>` | `print <message>` | Print the given values to stdout |
| `ECHO ON` | | Echo executed commands to stdout |
| `ENDLOCAL` | `export-env` | Change env in the caller |
| `EXIT` | `exit` | Close the prompt or script |
| `FOR %<var> IN (<set>) DO <command>` | `for $<var> in <set> { <command> }` | Run a command for each item in a set |
| `FTYPE` | | Displays or modifies file types used in file extension associations |
| `GOTO` | | Jump to a label |
| `IF ERRORLEVEL <number> <command>` | `if $env.LAST_EXIT_CODE >= <number> { <command> }` | Run a command if the last command returned an error code >= specified |
| `IF <string> EQU <string> <command>` | `if <string> == <string> { <command> }` | Run a command if strings match |
| `IF EXIST <filename> <command>` | | Run a command if the file exists |
| `IF DEFINED <variable> <command>` | | Run a command if the variable is defined |
| `MD` or `MKDIR` | `mkdir` | Create directories |
| `MKLINK` | | Create symbolic links |
| `MOVE` | `mv` | Move files |
| `PATH` | `$env.Path` | Display the current path variable |
| `PATH <path>;%PATH%` | `$env.Path = ($env.Path \| prepend <path>`) | Edit the path variable |
| `PATH %PATH%;<path>` | `$env.Path = ($env.Path \| prepend <path>`) | Edit the path variable |
| `PAUSE` | `input "Press any key to continue . . ."` | Pause script execution |
| `PROMPT <template>` | `$env.PROMPT_COMMAND = { <command> }` | Change the terminal prompt |
| `PUSHD <path>`/`POPD` | `enter <path>`/`exit` | Change working directory temporarily |
| `REM` | `#` | Comments |
| `REN` or `RENAME` | `mv` | Rename files |
| `RD` or `RMDIR` | `rm` | Remove directory |
| `SET <var>=<string>` | `$env.<var> = <string>` | Set environment variables |
| `SETLOCAL` | (default behavior) | Localize environment changes to a script |
| `START <path>` | `explorer <path>` | Open a file as if double-clicked in File Explorer |
| `TIME /T` | `date now \| format date "%H:%M:%S"` | Get the current time |
| `TIME` | | Set the current time |
| `TITLE` | | Set the cmd.exe window name |
| `TYPE` | `open --raw` | Display the contents of a text file |
| | `open` | Open a file as structured data |
| `VER` | | Display the OS version |
| `VERIFY` | | Verify that file writes happen |
| `VOL` | | Show drive information |
Before Nu version 0.67, Nu [used to](https://www.nushell.sh/blog/2022-08-16-nushell-0_67.html#windows-cmd-exe-changes-rgwood) use CMD.EXE to launch external commands, which meant that the above builtins could be run as an `^external` command. As of version 0.67, however, Nu no longer uses CMD.EXE to launch externals, meaning the above builtins cannot be run from within Nu, except for `ASSOC`, `CLS`, `ECHO`, `FTYPE`, `MKLINK`, `PAUSE`, `START`, `VER`, and `VOL`, which are explicitly allowed to be interpreted by CMD if no executable by that name exists.
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