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# Nu map from imperative languages
The idea behind this table is to help you understand how Nu built-ins and plugins relate to imperative languages. We've tried to produce a map of programming-relevant Nu commands and what their equivalents are in other languages. Contributions are welcome.
Note: this table assumes Nu 0.43 or later.
| Nushell | Python | Kotlin (Java) | C++ | Rust |
| ------------ | ------------------------------------ | --------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------- | -------------------------------------------------- |
| append | list.append, set.add | add | push_back, emplace_back | push, push_back |
| math avg | statistics.mean | | | |
| calc, = math | math operators | math operators | math operators | math operators |
| count | len | size, length | length | len |
| cp | shutil.copy | | | fs::copy |
| date | datetime.date.today | java.time.LocalDate.now | | |
| drop | list[:-3] | | | |
| du | shutil.disk_usage | | | |
| each | for | for | for | for |
| exit | exit | System.exit, kotlin.system.exitProcess | exit | exit |
| http get | urllib.request.urlopen | | | |
| first | list[:x] | List[0], peek | vector[0], top | Vec[0] |
| format | format | format | format | format! |
| from | csv, json, sqlite3 | | | |
| get | dict[\"key\"] | Map[\"key\"] | map[\"key\"] | HashMap["key"], get, entry |
| group-by | itertools.groupby | groupBy | | group_by |
| headers | keys | | | |
| help | help | | | |
| insert | dict[\"key\"] = val | | map.insert({ 20, 130 }) | map.insert(\"key\", val) |
| is-empty | is None, is [] | isEmpty | empty | is_empty |
| take | list[:x] | | | &Vec[..x] |
| take until | itertools.takewhile | | | |
| take while | itertools.takewhile | | | |
| kill | os.kill | | | |
| last | list[-x:] | | | &Vec[Vec.len()-1] |
| lines | split, splitlines | split | views::split | split, split_whitespace, rsplit, lines |
| ls | os.listdir | | | fs::read_dir |
| match | match | when | | match |
| merge | dict.append | | | map.extend |
| mkdir | os.mkdir | | | fs::create_dir |
| mv | shutil.move | | | fs::rename |
| get | list[x] | List[x] | vector[x] | Vec[x] |
| open | open | | | |
| transpose | zip(\*matrix) | | | |
| http post | urllib.request.urlopen | | | |
| prepend | deque.appendleft | | | |
| print | print | println | printf | println! |
| ps | os.listdir('/proc') | | | |
| pwd | os.getcwd | | | env::current_dir |
| range | range | .., until, downTo, step | iota | .. |
| reduce | functools.reduce | reduce | reduce | fold, rfold, scan |
| reject | del | | | |
| rename | dict[\"key2\"] = dict.pop(\"key\") | | | map.insert(\"key2\", map.remove(\"key\").unwrap()); |
| reverse | reversed, list.reverse | reverse, reversed, asReversed | reverse | rev |
| rm | os.remove | | | |
| save | io.TextIOWrapper.write | | | |
| select | {k:dict[k] for k in keys} | | | |
| shuffle | random.shuffle | | | |
| size | len | | | len |
| skip | list[x:] | | | &Vec[x..],skip |
| skip until | itertools.dropwhile | | | |
| skip while | itertools.dropwhile | | | skip_while |
| sort-by | sorted, list.sort | sortedBy, sortedWith, Arrays.sort, Collections.sort | sort | sort |
| split row | str.split{,lines}, re.split | split | views::split | split |
| str | str functions | String functions | string functions | &str, String functions |
| str join | str.join | joinToString | | join |
| str trim | strip, rstrip, lstrip | trim, trimStart, trimEnd | regex | trim, trim*{start,end}, strip*{suffix,prefix} |
| sum | sum | sum | reduce | sum |
| sys | sys | | | |
| to | import csv, json, sqlite3 | | | |
| touch | open(path, 'a').close() | | | |
| uniq | set | Set | set | HashSet |
| upsert | dict[\"key\"] = val | | | |
| version | sys.version, sys.version_info | | | |
| with-env | os.environ | | | |
| where | filter | filter | filter | filter |
| which | shutil.which | | | |
| wrap | { "key" : val } | | | |
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