text: It was previously reported that, under disease condition, the solubility of TDP-43 is changed and altered solubility is correlated with cytoplasmic translocation and aggregation of TDP-43 and disease progression.(17,31,32) To determine whether CVB3 infection affects TDP-43 solubility, cells were infected with CVB3 for 7 h and cellular proteins were extracted sequentially using RIPA and then urea buffers.