text: Screened exclusion criteria were self-report of claustrophobia, contraindicated medications (calcium channel blockers and CNS depressants), metal implants, pregnancy, arthritis, neurological disorder (examples asked included Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, epilepsy, essential tremor, multiple sclerosis, and leukoariosis), metabolic disorder (diabetes), psychiatric disorder (Axis I disorders except phobias), Mini Mental Status Exam score< 28, and over two years of piano playing within the past five years due to potentially atypical signal dynamics in primary sensorimotor cortex (Krampe et al. 2002).