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+[{"audio_id": "5jk0sWtLGtQ", "text": {"5jk0sWtLGtQ-00000-00000212-00000342": "Puppy Toys", "5jk0sWtLGtQ-00001-00000558-00000788": "Let's learn math and numbers", "5jk0sWtLGtQ-00002-00000842-00000917": "Red", "5jk0sWtLGtQ-00003-00001947-00002047": "Nine", "5jk0sWtLGtQ-00004-00002314-00002410": "Green", "5jk0sWtLGtQ-00005-00003053-00003140": "Four", "5jk0sWtLGtQ-00006-00003403-00003490": "Blue", "5jk0sWtLGtQ-00007-00004496-00004596": "Five", "5jk0sWtLGtQ-00008-00005159-00005251": "Pink", "5jk0sWtLGtQ-00009-00006222-00006327": "Six", "5jk0sWtLGtQ-00010-00006585-00006673": "Blue", "5jk0sWtLGtQ-00011-00007557-00007645": "Five", "5jk0sWtLGtQ-00012-00007874-00007957": "Orange", "5jk0sWtLGtQ-00013-00008441-00008646": "Learning math and numbers", "5jk0sWtLGtQ-00014-00009046-00009138": "One", "5jk0sWtLGtQ-00015-00009634-00009738": "Purple", "5jk0sWtLGtQ-00016-00010764-00010844": "Three", "5jk0sWtLGtQ-00017-00011069-00011156": "Orange", "5jk0sWtLGtQ-00018-00012441-00012541": "Two", "5jk0sWtLGtQ-00019-00012771-00012862": "Green", "5jk0sWtLGtQ-00020-00013730-00013817": "One", "5jk0sWtLGtQ-00021-00013930-00014130": "We learned math and numbers", "5jk0sWtLGtQ-00022-00014293-00014393": "Puppy Toys"}}, {"audio_id": "5j-SL9Ly1UE", "text": {"5j-SL9Ly1UE-00000-00000002-00000202": "Hi! This Is Me!", "5j-SL9Ly1UE-00001-00000224-00000424": "And there are my friends", "5j-SL9Ly1UE-00002-00000444-00000644": "They want to become supermodels...", "5j-SL9Ly1UE-00003-00000690-00000890": "be in the high light.", "5j-SL9Ly1UE-00004-00000952-00001152": "For this purpose they apply make up too much", "5j-SL9Ly1UE-00005-00001712-00001912": "dress in style", "5j-SL9Ly1UE-00006-00002408-00002608": "wear high heels", "5j-SL9Ly1UE-00007-00002920-00003120": "argue who among them is more beautiful", "5j-SL9Ly1UE-00008-00003286-00003486": "In my opinion, they're just weird :)"}}, {"audio_id": "5jRVgP51-w4", "text": {"5jRVgP51-w4-00000-00000008-00000416": "what's up everybody thank you for checking me out my name is Ekow Simpson i'm a Ghanaian", "5jRVgP51-w4-00001-00000416-00000864": "and i live in ghana well you are watching this channel because somebody introduced you to it", "5jRVgP51-w4-00002-00000864-00001552": "it was recommended or suggested to you on youtube basically my youtube channel is to connect", "5jRVgP51-w4-00003-00001552-00002064": "Africans on the motherland to Africans in the diaspora thank you for checking me out", "5jRVgP51-w4-00004-00002064-00002616": "if this is your first time of watching my videos kindly subscribe to my youtube channel thank you", "5jRVgP51-w4-00005-00002616-00003311": "so in 2020  i saw most people Ghanaians celebrating the festival and all that", "5jRVgP51-w4-00006-00003311-00003976": "i also read  on i have witnessed one that that was 2019 in one Africa there's a celebration", "5jRVgP51-w4-00007-00004040-00004384": "by the people of the African diaspora called kwanza", "5jRVgP51-w4-00008-00004448-00005024": "kwanzaa i might not know much about kwanzaa maybe you would i want you to brief me and", "5jRVgP51-w4-00009-00005024-00005560": "then my cameraman and other people who are watching what kwanzaa is all about okay kwanzaa", "5jRVgP51-w4-00010-00005560-00006536": "interestingly enough i don't know his uh previous name but kwanzaa was developed by melania karenga", "5jRVgP51-w4-00011-00006672-00007368": "it was part of his college dissertation it was an assignment he created kwanzaa", "5jRVgP51-w4-00012-00007448-00008448": "as a cultural development celebration that was a homework assignment so he was in school and he", "5jRVgP51-w4-00013-00008448-00009464": "developed this concept while in school and kwanzaa was designed by him to fit conveniently in between", "5jRVgP51-w4-00014-00009584-00010336": "the celebrations that african-americans would already be engaged in christmas and new year's", "5jRVgP51-w4-00015-00010432-00011296": "so he positioned kwanzaa to begin the day after christmas when african americans are", "5jRVgP51-w4-00016-00011296-00012096": "already in this celebrating mode they're already on holiday from work or school is closed for the", "5jRVgP51-w4-00017-00012096-00013063": "christmas vacation so it was a seven day celebration to help to retrain the thinking", "5jRVgP51-w4-00018-00013176-00013984": "of diasporan people so it had seven principles unity self-determination", "5jRVgP51-w4-00019-00014063-00015047": "collective work and responsibility uh cooperative economics purpose faith and reciprocity i believe", "5jRVgP51-w4-00020-00015152-00015912": "so each day was devoted to one of these concepts and the message of kwanzaa was from the beginning", "5jRVgP51-w4-00021-00015968-00016592": "it hasn't caught on exactly like he envisioned but it's no different than ghana hasn't caught on to", "5jRVgP51-w4-00022-00016592-00017352": "what nkrumah envisioned either so so but the idea was you take these seven days and you practice", "5jRVgP51-w4-00023-00017352-00018384": "this principle on you show what the principle is about on the 26th 27th 28th 29th 30 31 the first", "5jRVgP51-w4-00024-00018496-00019688": "uh and first is faith nia is the final day of uh i mean imani's the final day of kwanzaa of", "5jRVgP51-w4-00025-00019688-00020392": "faith so that'll be the first tomorrow so the idea was you would take these seven concepts", "5jRVgP51-w4-00026-00020504-00021184": "each one had was supported by the symbolism of a canara with seven candles three red one black", "5jRVgP51-w4-00027-00021264-00021912": "three green the black one is unity you start off with the unity the black candle symbolizes black", "5jRVgP51-w4-00028-00021912-00022600": "people and the first principle is unity to symbolize what the black people need", "5jRVgP51-w4-00029-00022600-00023160": "is unity if you have unity all the rest will take care of itself and then you alternate from", "5jRVgP51-w4-00030-00023160-00023800": "the red candle green candle red candle green and each candle represents one of the concepts", "5jRVgP51-w4-00031-00023856-00024536": "the three colors red black and green are reminiscent of and symbolic of marcus garvey's", "5jRVgP51-w4-00032-00024688-00025216": "flag that he discovered that everybody in the world has a flag except black people don't have", "5jRVgP51-w4-00033-00025216-00025888": "a flag so he he created the red black and green flag the black standing for the the people the", "5jRVgP51-w4-00034-00025888-00026472": "red standing for the blood that's been shed over all of these years in the green standing for the", "5jRVgP51-w4-00035-00026472-00027152": "prospects of future prosperity so kwanzaa has these same colors and kwanzaa has other", "5jRVgP51-w4-00036-00027152-00027752": "implements just like african rituals they have implements every implement is symbolic", "5jRVgP51-w4-00037-00027752-00028304": "you have the kanara the candle holder you have the candles themselves you have the straw mat", "5jRVgP51-w4-00038-00028304-00028872": "you have the corn the same corn you eat every day you have the corn which shows production and and", "5jRVgP51-w4-00039-00028872-00029560": "fruitfulness you have books that show literature and learning and thinking so when you have the the", "5jRVgP51-w4-00040-00029560-00030280": "tablecloth that covers things so when you do kwanzaa you have these components not unlike", "5jRVgP51-w4-00041-00030280-00031024": "any african rituals that you do you have all the necessary components so kwanzaa was designed to", "5jRVgP51-w4-00042-00031024-00031936": "help african people in the diaspora to recognize a holiday or a series of holidays a festival almost", "5jRVgP51-w4-00043-00032008-00032639": "in between christmas and new year's that would hopefully lead to you making sound new year's", "5jRVgP51-w4-00044-00032639-00033288": "resolutions about what you're going to do different unfortunately quads in too many", "5jRVgP51-w4-00045-00033288-00034056": "ways has become ceremonial without the substance of what is supposed to or was designed to happen", "5jRVgP51-w4-00046-00034112-00034776": "but it's not different than a lot of churches that are ceremonial and nothing happens that", "5jRVgP51-w4-00047-00034776-00035496": "is talked about or cultural traditions that are you have a big parade or festival and after the", "5jRVgP51-w4-00048-00035496-00036104": "uh after panafest everybody goes back to doing the same thing they did before they did manifest so", "5jRVgP51-w4-00049-00036168-00037032": "so overcast university is designed to not just talk about the concepts but make the substance", "5jRVgP51-w4-00050-00037032-00037936": "of the school reflective of the concept so that people can internalize them learn and grow from", "5jRVgP51-w4-00051-00037936-00038752": "them and pass them on in its new year 2021 what is your message to african diasporas and africans", "5jRVgP51-w4-00052-00038752-00039296": "on the motherland as well because i i always ask people to give message to the african diaspora", "5jRVgP51-w4-00053-00039296-00039792": "but we also need to give messages to the africans and the madeleine so what is your message for this", "5jRVgP51-w4-00054-00039792-00040544": "new year 2021 one message for both and it's been so much time that we've been separated", "5jRVgP51-w4-00055-00040688-00041416": "that in some very oh that in some very fundamental ways we've been separated in", "5jRVgP51-w4-00056-00041416-00041760": "a strange from each other so long that we don't know we're in the same family", "5jRVgP51-w4-00057-00041968-00042488": "the ancestors were taken away from primarily from the ghana", "5jRVgP51-w4-00058-00042696-00043720": "dungeons to sail across the ocean 20 generations ago so 20 generations ago when", "5jRVgP51-w4-00059-00043936-00044680": "captive prisoners were forced to board ships and sail away they knew at that moment that", "5jRVgP51-w4-00060-00044680-00045280": "they were part of the african family that was on this continent but it's been 20", "5jRVgP51-w4-00061-00045280-00045984": "generations since that happened and so we've all been trained to think about this event differently", "5jRVgP51-w4-00062-00046056-00046872": "so now when diaspora's return here they think that ghanaians are a different people that", "5jRVgP51-w4-00063-00046872-00047784": "they're meeting when in fact these are your family members that you haven't seen for 20 generations", "5jRVgP51-w4-00064-00047864-00048416": "and in the interim you've been taught that these people over there are some other people and you", "5jRVgP51-w4-00065-00048416-00049192": "believe that so you come here with the idea that those ghanaians and us when it's actually me", "5jRVgP51-w4-00066-00049296-00049928": "so the same is true with ghanaians when you meet people from the diaspora these are not", "5jRVgP51-w4-00067-00049928-00050464": "other people that have been living someplace these are the descendants just like you are", "5jRVgP51-w4-00068-00050464-00051064": "right now you're the descendants of 20 generations of people that stood on the shore and saw ships", "5jRVgP51-w4-00069-00051064-00051576": "sailing and they were crying about the people that were on those ships you may not know who", "5jRVgP51-w4-00070-00051576-00052488": "they were but you are the the son of someone that might have been taken away from here and so when i", "5jRVgP51-w4-00071-00052488-00053224": "come back i could be your cousin that's the way we have to look at ourselves we are in the same", "5jRVgP51-w4-00072-00053224-00054232": "one family that's what pan-africanism is about we see ourselves as members of one family the black", "5jRVgP51-w4-00073-00054312-00054928": "african family we are members of that family so we have to look out for each other because we're", "5jRVgP51-w4-00074-00054928-00055655": "members of that family so um to reply applies to us as a pan-african so when we say well we have", "5jRVgP51-w4-00075-00055655-00056336": "cctu and then there's florida uh a m university well that's that's um that's pan-africanism", "5jRVgP51-w4-00076-00056336-00056920": "because we can get cctu and if you can join us then we can make this happen because we can do", "5jRVgP51-w4-00077-00056920-00057704": "anything and i want to say that in a way that sounds convincing we can do anything", "5jRVgP51-w4-00078-00057872-00058560": "if we were united and working together and i mentioned and and when i first met", "5jRVgP51-w4-00079-00058560-00059120": "the vice chancellor of cctu he asked me about the word excellence i said well excellence", "5jRVgP51-w4-00080-00059191-00059776": "it may sound like it's bragging about something that doesn't exist and there will be no way you", "5jRVgP51-w4-00081-00059776-00060672": "can say excellence but the word excellence refers to our anticipation of what will happen as soon", "5jRVgP51-w4-00082-00060672-00061432": "as you and i work together the excellence is what's going to be produced for everybody to see", "5jRVgP51-w4-00083-00061504-00062376": "so in 2021 i would say anybody coming come to ghana looking for your relatives because that's", "5jRVgP51-w4-00084-00062376-00063048": "who's here and i would say to ghanaians or anyone else in the on the african continent is when you", "5jRVgP51-w4-00085-00063048-00063591": "see people from the diaspora you're looking for your relatives because that's who they are the", "5jRVgP51-w4-00086-00063591-00064016": "fact that you don't know they're your relatives and they don't know that you're their relatives is", "5jRVgP51-w4-00087-00064016-00064784": "only because they've been taught not to understand that so that would be my message for a new year's", "5jRVgP51-w4-00088-00064784-00065512": "resolution come to ghana looking to learn not learn not learning to be a boss of somebody", "5jRVgP51-w4-00089-00065584-00066152": "and not acting like you're coming with some great ideas and the people that you're talking to don't", "5jRVgP51-w4-00090-00066152-00066616": "have great ideas because i say to people all the time well ghanaian people have survived", "5jRVgP51-w4-00091-00066616-00067576": "colonialism and uh ghanaian people believe it or not are more wealthy than you they don't", "5jRVgP51-w4-00092-00067680-00068272": "understand that and they they said i said well you know ghanaian people are more well off than", "5jRVgP51-w4-00093-00068272-00068696": "you are in the states they say well how could that be because i have a i have this i have that i say", "5jRVgP51-w4-00094-00068696-00069272": "yeah but everything you have unlike ghanaians if you have a car it's not a car that you own", "5jRVgP51-w4-00095-00069272-00069864": "some credit it's on credit if you go to a house it's not a house that you own it's a house that", "5jRVgP51-w4-00096-00069864-00070360": "you pay monthly to the bank and if you miss paying the bank comes takes the house and put all your", "5jRVgP51-w4-00097-00070360-00070960": "things up so every ghanaian that you see goes home they own that house if they get in a car", "5jRVgP51-w4-00098-00070960-00071760": "they own that car so the bottom line of ghanaians is more positive than the bottom line the net", "5jRVgP51-w4-00099-00071760-00072504": "assets of ghanaians is more than the net assets of 99 of the diaspora because it's all credit", "5jRVgP51-w4-00100-00072632-00072808": "that's why they're really complaining now", "5jRVgP51-w4-00101-00072960-00073368": "because the government has said you don't have to pay rent for six months because of covet", "5jRVgP51-w4-00102-00073440-00073960": "but the six months is over tomorrow so now you're going to have to be evicted because you don't have", "5jRVgP51-w4-00103-00073960-00074456": "the money to pay the six months that's due so all the people are going to be put out here i don't", "5jRVgP51-w4-00104-00074456-00075008": "care what happens with copeland when you go home nothing that happens with because of curbing 19", "5jRVgP51-w4-00105-00075008-00075640": "is going to mean that you have to move out of your house so your bottom line is stronger you're freer", "5jRVgP51-w4-00106-00075704-00076136": "and so that's what every diaspora feels when they come here too i feel totally free here", "5jRVgP51-w4-00107-00076232-00076864": "so i would say to people don't don't try to overthink it come to ghana see for yourself look", "5jRVgP51-w4-00108-00076864-00077328": "for your brothers and sisters because they're looking for you as their brothers and sisters", "5jRVgP51-w4-00109-00077328-00078144": "and together through the pan-african spirit ubuntu and aso dze we can make a new African world for all of us", "5jRVgP51-w4-00110-00078240-00078912": "so with this too we can make Africa new for all of us so thank you very much for checking us out", "5jRVgP51-w4-00111-00078912-00079384": "if this is your first time of checking my video i'll kindly click on the subscription", "5jRVgP51-w4-00112-00079384-00079896": "button and be part of this beautiful family thank you very much for checking us out"}}, {"audio_id": "5jSeFhsnK6g", "text": {}}, {"audio_id": "5jcK_5qTsvY", "text": {"5jcK_5qTsvY-00000-00000000-00000311": "Tog Chöd", "5jcK_5qTsvY-00001-00000311-00000716": "The Wisdom Sword", "5jcK_5qTsvY-00002-00000731-00001139": "The Tibetan Meditation in Action", "5jcK_5qTsvY-00003-00001139-00001734": "Concentration", "5jcK_5qTsvY-00004-00001734-00002222": "Clarity of Mind", "5jcK_5qTsvY-00005-00002224-00002807": "Self Confidence", "5jcK_5qTsvY-00006-00004017-00004820": "A dynamic practice to enter the present moment", "5jcK_5qTsvY-00007-00004890-00005197": "The sword symbolizes innate wisdom", "5jcK_5qTsvY-00008-00005445-00006134": "Fight the enemy within, the conceptual mind, responsible for our negative thoughts related to the past and the future and therefore fears and expectations", "5jcK_5qTsvY-00009-00006464-00007073": "Here the gladiators fought the external enemy to obtain the freedom to live.", "5jcK_5qTsvY-00010-00007663-00008243": "The Vajra warrior fights the inner enemy to realize the freedom of being", "5jcK_5qTsvY-00011-00008758-00009406": "To be is to no longer be a slave to our thoughts and emotions", "5jcK_5qTsvY-00012-00009871-00010431": "To be is to take control of our mind, to acquire inner peace.", "5jcK_5qTsvY-00013-00011116-00011472": "Educations /Classes"}}, {"audio_id": "5k1y2tN82Ec", "text": {"5k1y2tN82Ec-00000-00000574-00000872": "Hi guys! Today we're making mushroom carbonara", "5k1y2tN82Ec-00001-00001000-00001200": "Let's begin", "5k1y2tN82Ec-00002-00001460-00001760": "2 garlic cloves", "5k1y2tN82Ec-00003-00005756-00006056": "200g of mushrooms, sliced", "5k1y2tN82Ec-00004-00007604-00007904": "50g of pecorino cheese, grated", "5k1y2tN82Ec-00005-00008395-00008595": "4 eggs", "5k1y2tN82Ec-00006-00009031-00009331": "Season with a lot of pepper, and a little bit of salt", "5k1y2tN82Ec-00007-00009348-00009648": "Don't add too much salt as the pecorino itself is a salty cheese", "5k1y2tN82Ec-00008-00010479-00010779": "Add the eggs to the cheese and whisk together", "5k1y2tN82Ec-00009-00011928-00012228": "Add some olive oil to a medium heat pan", "5k1y2tN82Ec-00010-00012500-00012700": "Fry the garlic", "5k1y2tN82Ec-00011-00013236-00013536": "Add 130g of pancetta", "5k1y2tN82Ec-00012-00013580-00014080": "Yes I know guanciale is the original type of meat used, but I'm not spending £20 to order it online from some bougie deli store, thank you :)", "5k1y2tN82Ec-00013-00014112-00014412": "Add the mushrooms", "5k1y2tN82Ec-00014-00014768-00015368": "While that is cooking, cook the pasta as per instructions (and subtract by 1 minute in order to keep the pasta al dente when stirring it with the sauce)", "5k1y2tN82Ec-00015-00016971-00017371": "Save half a cup of the pasta water for later", "5k1y2tN82Ec-00016-00018684-00019084": "My pan wasn't big enough, so I transferred it into a bigger pot", "5k1y2tN82Ec-00017-00020136-00020436": "Add the pasta water and stir", "5k1y2tN82Ec-00018-00020663-00021263": "Add the egg and cheese mixture and mix, and season with extra salt and pepper if needed", "5k1y2tN82Ec-00019-00022519-00022719": "And here we are!", "5k1y2tN82Ec-00020-00023356-00023556": "One of my favourite dishes", "5k1y2tN82Ec-00021-00023696-00023896": "Simple and quick to make, but still yummy", "5k1y2tN82Ec-00022-00024096-00024396": "You know, the traditional carbonara doesn't have garlic", "5k1y2tN82Ec-00023-00024412-00024712": "But I find it a little bland without it to be honest", "5k1y2tN82Ec-00024-00024731-00025031": "So I add it give a little more flaaavouuuur", "5k1y2tN82Ec-00025-00025412-00025712": "It doesn't usually have mushrooms either, but again, more flaaaavooouurrr", "5k1y2tN82Ec-00026-00026500-00026800": "I used tagliatelle, but you can use whatever pasta you want", "5k1y2tN82Ec-00027-00027004-00027704": "Try to avoid the really cheap pasta because they will be more smooth and won't pick up the sauce too much", "5k1y2tN82Ec-00028-00027863-00028463": "It doesn't have to be too expensive or artisanal, brands like De Cecco are more than good enough", "5k1y2tN82Ec-00029-00029204-00029704": "I find that just because there is an \"original recipe\", that doesn't mean it's perfect", "5k1y2tN82Ec-00030-00029763-00030263": "A lot of these recipes were created independently, without much influence from other cuisines", "5k1y2tN82Ec-00031-00030324-00030724": "Which is why after you try different dishes and flavour profiles from all over the world,", "5k1y2tN82Ec-00032-00030780-00031180": "You can experiment with these \"sacred\" recipes and improve them based on what you like", "5k1y2tN82Ec-00033-00031548-00031751": "I like garlic, so I add garlic", "5k1y2tN82Ec-00034-00031783-00032183": "I feel that mushrooms go well with the cured meat, so I add mushrooms", "5k1y2tN82Ec-00035-00032231-00032631": "It's up to you what you do, as long you like it (and hopefully other people do too)", "5k1y2tN82Ec-00036-00033136-00033536": "I'll stop talking now and let you enjoy this yummy carbonara with me :)", "5k1y2tN82Ec-00037-00033648-00034048": "Let me know what you think in the comments below,", "5k1y2tN82Ec-00038-00034083-00034483": "And don't forget to like, subscribe, and share :)"}}, {"audio_id": "5kjJxt-yjA8", "text": {"5kjJxt-yjA8-00000-00000000-00000564": "Hi this is Geoff Challen. In today's video", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00001-00000351-00000825": "lecture we're going to continue our", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00002-00000564-00001101": "discussion of arrays and begin talking", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00003-00000825-00001266": "about algorithms. Obviously we're not", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00004-00001101-00001542": "in Foellinger together, which I'm sad", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00005-00001266-00001839": "about. But the sides are in the usual", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00006-00001542-00002027": "place online. You don't have to follow", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00007-00001839-00002268": "along—there's no participation points", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00008-00002027-00002523": "for today's lecture. But I hope that as", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00009-00002268-00002796": "we go and as we work on some of the", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00010-00002523-00003090": "examples, you'll pause work on them and", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00011-00002796-00003236": "then continue the video. The video", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00012-00003090-00003363": "may be a little shorter because I may go", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00013-00003236-00003548": "through some of the things more quickly", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00014-00003363-00003671": "than I would in class, because I'm not", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00015-00003548-00003918": "going to stop and give you time to work", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00016-00003671-00004053": "on the examples. I'll indicate when", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00017-00003918-00004362": "I'm about to solve a problem. You can", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00018-00004053-00004667": "pause the video, try it yourself on the", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00019-00004362-00005076": "slides, and then look at how we solve it.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00020-00004667-00005409": "Today's discussion is about", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00021-00005076-00005603": "computer algorithms and arrays. We're", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00022-00005409-00005730": "going to continue our discussion of arrays.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00023-00005603-00005903": "We'll talk about array indexing. And", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00024-00005730-00006084": "then we're going to begin what is going", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00025-00005903-00006296": "to be a long conversation that's going", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00026-00006084-00006429": "to span multiple lectures—and on some", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00027-00006296-00006738": "level the rest of the semester—", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00028-00006429-00006956": "about computer algorithms, the conceptual", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00029-00006738-00007370": "heart of computer science, how we use", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00030-00006956-00007497": "computers to solve problems. One of", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00031-00007370-00007695": "the things that some of you have noticed", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00032-00007497-00007995": "as you begin to work on MP) is that", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00033-00007695-00008181": "even given a problem like LCM that's", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00034-00007995-00008300": "very well defined there are still many", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00035-00008181-00008442": "different ways that you can solve it", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00036-00008300-00008750": "using a computer—many different", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00037-00008442-00008925": "approaches. Some of them have", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00038-00008750-00009045": "certain trade-offs and that's another", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00039-00008925-00009215": "thing that we'll spend a lot of time", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00040-00009045-00009525": "talking about in this class. We'll", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00041-00009215-00009756": "teach you how to analyze algorithms, how", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00042-00009525-00009924": "to look at their properties: how long do", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00043-00009756-00010152": "they take to run, how much memory do they", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00044-00009924-00010410": "consume, what makes", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00045-00010152-00010640": "one algorithm better than another.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00046-00010410-00010845": "But let's review arrays before we move", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00047-00010640-00010986": "forward. So we started talking about", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00048-00010845-00011229": "arrays last time and arrays were our", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00049-00010986-00011346": "first example of a data structure that", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00050-00011229-00011507": "we're going to talk about in this class.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00051-00011346-00011613": "They will not be the last. We'll talk", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00052-00011507-00011882": "about several other types of data", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00053-00011613-00012153": "structures. But an array brings structure", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00054-00011882-00012536": "to a set of values by putting them in", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00055-00012153-00012900": "order. We talked about how data", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00056-00012536-00013223": "structures associate metadata with data.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00057-00012900-00013341": "The data inside the array is the", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00058-00013223-00013626": "series of values", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00059-00013341-00013851": "But the metadata is an index or an order.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00060-00013626-00014001": "So I've taken a bunch of values—and in", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00061-00013851-00014166": "Java they have to be the same type—that", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00062-00014001-00014366": "could have just been all jumbled", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00063-00014166-00014640": "together, and I've put them one after", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00064-00014366-00014835": "another. And when we talk about DNA, when", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00065-00014640-00015033": "we talk about audio data, when we talk", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00066-00014835-00015197": "about text, that order is really", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00067-00015033-00015468": "significant. So think about taking a", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00068-00015197-00015672": "published piece of writing or", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00069-00015468-00015944": "a piece of text and just jumbling all", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00070-00015672-00016152": "the letters around. What creates", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00071-00015944-00016377": "structure, what creates meaning out of", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00072-00016152-00016629": "characters is the order in which they", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00073-00016377-00016869": "appear in a document. So losing that", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00074-00016629-00017058": "order they essentially lose all of the", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00075-00016869-00017400": "information that was in that that piece", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00076-00017058-00017559": "of data. When we talk about an array", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00077-00017400-00017775": "now only can we talk about the data", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00078-00017559-00018063": "inside of it but each data value has an", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00079-00017775-00018474": "index. That index is a position in the", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00080-00018063-00018756": "array. Just like other variables in Java", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00081-00018474-00018954": "arrays have a name and a type. The", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00082-00018756-00019143": "declaration syntax is a little bit", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00083-00018954-00019386": "different. You'll notice here when I", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00084-00019143-00019635": "declare a single integer I have the type", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00085-00019386-00020031": "and I have a name—so this is a single", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00086-00019635-00020351": "value of type int called integer. When", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00087-00020031-00020568": "I declare an array I use this array", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00088-00020351-00020882": "declaration syntax—so this is two", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00089-00020568-00021210": "brackets—and this says I'm declaring an", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00090-00020882-00021594": "array of type int (it's going to store", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00091-00021210-00021768": "integers) called multiple. So here's a", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00092-00021594-00021987": "declaration of a single character called", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00093-00021768-00022479": "one and here's the declaration of an", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00094-00021987-00022806": "array—the brackets—of characters called", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00095-00022479-00022959": "all. One thing that sometimes trips up", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00096-00022806-00023328": "people that haven't done this before is", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00097-00022959-00023550": "that the indices for an array are always", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00098-00023328-00023835": "integers regardless of what's in the", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00099-00023550-00024126": "array. So the metadata about the values", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00100-00023835-00024255": "in the array are always integers. Even", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00101-00024126-00024473": "if I have a character array, for example,", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00102-00024255-00024639": "the position of each element within the", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00103-00024473-00024773": "array is always an integer.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00104-00024639-00025044": "We're going to see in a minute", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00105-00024773-00025420": "that's how we dereference or that's how", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00106-00025044-00025644": "we access each element inside the array.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00107-00025420-00025770": "When we declare an array in Java it's", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00108-00025644-00025985": "initially empty, and that's not", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00109-00025770-00026189": "particularly useful. To use it we", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00110-00025985-00026493": "actually have to tell Java how many", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00111-00026189-00026551": "elements it has. So here's an example.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00112-00026493-00026950": "I'm declaring", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00113-00026551-00027379": "an array of type int called", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00114-00026950-00027574": "multiple. This is new syntax for us,", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00115-00027379-00027808": "so I just want to pause and point this", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00116-00027574-00027982": "out. In order to declare an", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00117-00027808-00028207": "array have to use this new keyword.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00118-00027982-00028383": "This will become obvious in a few more", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00119-00028207-00028618": "lectures why we're doing this, but for", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00120-00028383-00028848": "now you know just notice this and make", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00121-00028618-00029167": "sure that you understand how to use it.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00122-00028848-00029443": "So I'm going to create a new array of", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00123-00029167-00029602": "integers of type int and over here on", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00124-00029443-00029776": "the right I'm telling Java how many", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00125-00029602-00029980": "values this is going to have. So this is", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00126-00029776-00030301": "an array that can store eight different", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00127-00029980-00030601": "integers. Arrays in Java have a really", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00128-00030301-00030889": "useful property. So on some level arrays", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00129-00030601-00031198": "inJava are very similar to arrays in lower", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00130-00030889-00031429": "level languages like C and C++. But they", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00131-00031198-00031813": "have this really great feature which is", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00132-00031429-00032077": "that a Java array knows how long it is.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00133-00031813-00032230": "It has this property—and this is another", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00134-00032077-00032479": "new piece of syntax that is going to", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00135-00032230-00032692": "become very clear to us in a few weeks", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00136-00032479-00032896": "when we start talking about objects—but", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00137-00032692-00033103": "arrays have a property that I can access.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00138-00032896-00033427": "The property is called length, and I", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00139-00033103-00033715": "access it using this dot notation.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00140-00033427-00033982": "So I've declared", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00141-00033715-00034156": "and initialized my array of integers", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00142-00033982-00034309": "called multiple, and I can print the", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00143-00034156-00034588": "length. This will print eight—I'll show", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00144-00034309-00034747": "you this in a minute. So down here here's", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00145-00034588-00034945": "an array of characters named all and", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00146-00034747-00035275": "then, just like I did with variables, I", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00147-00034945-00035524": "can I can either do the declaration and", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00148-00035275-00035749": "the initialization all in one line or I", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00149-00035524-00036082": "can break them into two parts. Here I've", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00150-00035749-00036250": "declared to Java I want to have a", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00151-00036082-00036451": "variable called all that's going to", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00152-00036250-00036936": "store an array of characters and then", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00153-00036451-00037342": "here I initialize it to hold four values.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00154-00036936-00037489": "You can also assign values to an", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00155-00037342-00037714": "array when it is initialized. So this is", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00156-00037489-00037903": "similar to sort of assigning a literal", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00157-00037714-00038083": "value to a variable when you initialize", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00158-00037903-00038365": "it. In this case I'm creating an array", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00159-00038083-00038578": "called multiple, it's of type int. So again", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00160-00038365-00038797": "it's an array—that's the syntax here", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00161-00038578-00039184": "that makes it an array—is of type int named", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00162-00038797-00039403": "multiple. And this syntax with the", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00163-00039184-00039661": "braces, which is Java's way of doing this,", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00164-00039403-00039934": "says that multiple is going to store", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00165-00039661-00040183": "four values: the first value in the array", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00166-00039934-00040339": "at index zero is going to be one, the", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00167-00040183-00040480": "second value of the array at index one is", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00168-00040339-00040661": "going to be two, the third value in array at", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00169-00040480-00040877": "index two is going to be five, and", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00170-00040661-00041092": "the fourth value in the array at index three", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00171-00040877-00041227": "is going to be ten. You're going to do", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00172-00041092-00041422": "the same thing with characters. So this", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00173-00041227-00041561": "is pretty similar. You'll notice", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00174-00041422-00041725": "here that I don't have to tell Java in", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00175-00041561-00042008": "this case how big the array is because", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00176-00041725-00042224": "it can figure it out. It say, OK,", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00177-00042008-00042388": "these are the values we want to put in, this", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00178-00042224-00042799": "is an array that's going to store", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00179-00042388-00043061": "four values. One thing that trips people up", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00180-00042799-00043361": "and is as common source of mistakes when", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00181-00043061-00043581": "we begin working with arrays is this", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00182-00043361-00043789": "notion of what's called zero indexing.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00183-00043581-00044266": "A lot of us were taught to", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00184-00043789-00044524": "count starting at 1:1 2 3 4 5. But 0 is a", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00185-00044266-00044791": "number, and in computer science zero is", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00186-00044524-00044992": "always the first element of an array. So", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00187-00044791-00045187": "the element at index 0 is the first", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00188-00044992-00045439": "element, the element at index 1 is the", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00189-00045187-00045751": "second element. Once you get used to this", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00190-00045439-00045836": "is completely second nature but this", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00191-00045751-00046039": "will trip", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00192-00045836-00046381": "some of you up as you get started. So the", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00193-00046039-00046669": "first element in array is index 0, the", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00194-00046381-00047024": "second element is at index 1. That means", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00195-00046669-00047419": "that the last element in the array is at", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00196-00047024-00047695": "index the length of the array minus 1. So", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00197-00047419-00047869": "that's another common mistake, and we'll", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00198-00047695-00048211": "have some chance to practice this in a", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00199-00047869-00048568": "minute. (I just said all these things.)", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00200-00048211-00048986": "So let's mess around a little", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00201-00048568-00049199": "bit with arrays. So on line 1 I'm", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00202-00048986-00049567": "declaring an array called twos that", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00203-00049199-00049942": "stores three values: one is an index 0, 2", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00204-00049567-00050191": "is an index 1, 4 is an index 2. This is an", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00205-00049942-00050330": "array of type int. I'm going to", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00206-00050191-00050734": "start to show you the syntax for", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00207-00050330-00051055": "accessing members of the array. This", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00208-00050734-00051313": "is called bracket syntax. So this is", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00209-00051055-00051550": "going to print off the element of twos", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00210-00051313-00051829": "at index 0—that's the first element", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00211-00051550-00052156": "in the array. I can do the same thing when", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00212-00051829-00052327": "I set the element, the elements inside", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00213-00052156-00052424": "the array, using the same syntax. So what", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00214-00052327-00052814": "this is going to do is", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00215-00052424-00053033": "change the first value of twos—the", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00216-00052814-00053273": "value at index zero—the first value of", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00217-00053033-00053500": "twos to 2. Then I'm going to print that", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00218-00053273-00053729": "off. So this should print 1.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00219-00053500-00053963": "I changed it here to 2, so this should now", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00220-00053729-00054197": "print 2. This is prinitng the last", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00221-00053963-00054533": "element—the third element at index 2—", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00222-00054197-00054737": "that's going to print 4. And then", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00223-00054533-00054848": "this should also print the last element.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00224-00054737-00055052": "So let's think about what's going to", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00225-00054848-00055423": "happen here. twos.length is the", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00226-00055052-00055772": "length of the array. twos.length is 3.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00227-00055423-00056080": "So this is going to evaluate to 3. 3", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00228-00055772-00056414": "minus 1 is going to evaluate to 2. twos[2]", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00229-00056080-00056533": "is the last element in the array. (I guess", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00230-00056414-00056762": "I could have chosen a better name for", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00231-00056533-00057016": "the array.) So let's run", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00232-00056762-00057205": "this guy and see what happens.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00233-00057016-00057433": "This is pretty much what we predicted.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00234-00057205-00057629": "This is the first println,", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00235-00057433-00057839": "which is right here, that prints the", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00236-00057629-00058022": "first value. Then I change it to 2. Now", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00237-00057839-00058244": "I'm going to print the first value again,", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00238-00058022-00058879": "but now that first value is 2. And then I", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00239-00058244-00058961": "print the last value twice. One", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00240-00058879-00059266": "of the things you have to be very", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00241-00058961-00059467": "careful about in Java is making sure", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00242-00059266-00059714": "that you don't walk off the end of an", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00243-00059467-00059900": "array. And this is an error than I am a", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00244-00059714-00060041": "hundred percent positive that we will", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00245-00059900-00060430": "start to see on the forum and you will", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00246-00060041-00060704": "start to see in your code. So if you try", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00247-00060430-00060863": "to access an element that is not valid", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00248-00060704-00061033": "inside the array you're going to get", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00249-00060863-00061298": "something like this. So this is runtime", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00250-00061033-00061541": "error null. Why did this happen? Well this", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00251-00061298-00061870": "is the zeroth element of the array at", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00252-00061541-00062072": "index ,0 this is the element at index 1, this", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00253-00061870-00062329": "is the element at index 2, this is the", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00254-00062072-00062680": "element at index 3. There is no element", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00255-00062329-00062894": "at index 4. I would get the same error if", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00256-00062680-00063154": "I tried to do this—there's also no", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00257-00062894-00063488": "element at index -1 or 100,", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00258-00063154-00063616": "that's way off the end of the array. So a", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00259-00063488-00063851": "lot of times when we start working with", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00260-00063616-00064092": "arrays at first it's common to have", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00261-00063851-00064313": "problems.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00262-00064092-00064477": "Frequently we're going to use a loop to", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00263-00064313-00064694": "process the elements of the of an array,", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00264-00064477-00065027": "and it's common to write your loop", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00265-00064694-00065242": "slightly wrong and have it look", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00266-00065027-00065423": "at one too many elements. So it", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00267-00065242-00065760": "gets to the end, it goes one too far,", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00268-00065423-00066135": "and you see a problem like this.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00269-00065760-00066267": "Arrays in Java do have this", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00270-00066135-00066516": "nice feature but they also have a", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00271-00066267-00066801": "limitation that's common to arrays in", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00272-00066516-00067188": "languages like C and C++: they are fixed", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00273-00066801-00067512": "size, meaning that once I initialize the", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00274-00067188-00067806": "array I can't change the number of items", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00275-00067512-00067983": "that it has. I can change items in the", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00276-00067806-00068298": "array—we just saw how to do that. But I", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00277-00067983-00068547": "can't make the array bigger or smaller. I", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00278-00068298-00068778": "can reinitialize the array to be a", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00279-00068547-00069102": "different size, but then I'm losing the", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00280-00068778-00069303": "original elements. So I can't say: OK, I", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00281-00069102-00069525": "wanted to store 7 elements, but I only", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00282-00069303-00069756": "have an array of size 5, so how do I add", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00283-00069525-00069936": "things to the end? If you've", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00284-00069756-00070164": "learned languages like Python this is a", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00285-00069936-00070512": "very natural operation, and we will talk", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00286-00070164-00070680": "later in the class about a slightly more", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00287-00070512-00070953": "advanced data structure in Java that", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00288-00070680-00071088": "does allow us to do these types of", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00289-00070953-00071403": "things. But for right now we're talking", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00290-00071088-00071607": "about the simplest most basic Java array,", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00291-00071403-00071952": "and that array does not allow us to", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00292-00071607-00072168": "change the size. This can complicate our", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00293-00071952-00072387": "programs because we need to", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00294-00072168-00072558": "think a little bit upfront when we use", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00295-00072387-00072852": "this more basic type of Java array", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00296-00072558-00073146": "about how big it needs to be. This also", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00297-00072852-00073305": "explains something about the world that", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00298-00073146-00073461": "you might have been curious about. So I", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00299-00073305-00073794": "want to sort of pause here for a brief", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00300-00073461-00073956": "digression. The vast majority of", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00301-00073794-00074244": "students in this class—I wish I could", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00302-00073956-00074796": "show you my class roster but I can't—have", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00303-00074244-00075000": "NetIDs ending in 2. I suspect that", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00304-00074796-00075219": "when I'm still teaching this class in", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00305-00075000-00075426": "2030 many of people will have an", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00306-00075219-00075897": "NetID ending in 3 or ending in", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00307-00075426-00076293": "4. So why is this? The reason is a long", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00308-00075897-00076461": "time ago somebody designed a computer", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00309-00076293-00076889": "system that eventually became very", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00310-00076461-00077241": "popular. That computer system had a", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00311-00076889-00077529": "limitation, which is that user accounts—", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00312-00077241-00077712": "your username, what we call your NetID", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00313-00077529-00077961": "here, but on other systems", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00314-00077712-00078366": "people call their username—is limited", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00315-00077961-00078639": "to eight characters. So somewhere, on some", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00316-00078366-00079098": "computer system on campus, there's an", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00317-00078639-00079469": "array of size eight that stores your", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00318-00079098-00079794": "NetID. So if your name", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00319-00079469-00079950": "is Jane Doe the third we can't", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00320-00079794-00080169": "give you janedoethethird because", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00321-00079950-00080432": "that's more than eight characters. So", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00322-00080169-00080622": "once we have Jane Doe and we have Jane", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00323-00080432-00080913": "Doe the second we give Jane Doe the", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00324-00080622-00081176": "second janedoe2. Some", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00325-00080913-00081377": "of you that have more common last names", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00326-00081176-00081594": "may have extremely large numbers back", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00327-00081377-00081863": "there, or the university has done really", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00328-00081594-00082056": "bizarre things like mix in parts of your", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00329-00081863-00082341": "middle name or like chop off your last", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00330-00082056-00082587": "name halfway through. This is the reason", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00331-00082341-00082883": "why this is. So I'm sorry that", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00332-00082587-00083037": "this sort of silly limitation of a", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00333-00082883-00083357": "computer system that somebody designed", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00334-00083037-00083688": "many many decades ago is still having an", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00335-00083357-00083870": "impact on your life. But it is, and so", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00336-00083688-00084147": "this is why this is why your NetIDs", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00337-00083870-00084351": "have this very compressed format. You'll", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00338-00084147-00084569": "also notice that none of them are longer", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00339-00084351-00084914": "than eight characters, and that's the", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00340-00084569-00085104": "reason. So like I said there", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00341-00084914-00085226": "are other array like data structures in", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00342-00085104-00085437": "Java that are more flexible and have", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00343-00085226-00085607": "more features. We'll talk about those", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00344-00085437-00085733": "later. But it's important to understand", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00345-00085607-00086142": "how to use these simple arrays because", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00346-00085733-00086274": "they actually are extremely useful.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00347-00086142-00086477": "We're talking about arrays right after", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00348-00086274-00086616": "we talk about loops partly because", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00349-00086477-00086819": "arrays are the simplest data structure in", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00350-00086616-00086994": "Java, but also because arrays and loops", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00351-00086819-00087267": "are best buds.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00352-00086994-00087533": "So frequently what we're doing when we", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00353-00087267-00087792": "use a loop is that we're using a loop to", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00354-00087533-00087995": "process an array. We're using the loop to", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00355-00087792-00088197": "examine every element in an array and", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00356-00087995-00088443": "then do something with it:", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00357-00088197-00088605": "make a modification to it or", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00358-00088443-00089130": "include it in some sort of computation.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00359-00088605-00089533": "This is probably one of the most", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00360-00089130-00089937": "common for loops in all of computer code.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00361-00089533-00090072": "It iterates over an array. That's", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00362-00089937-00090492": "how you describe it what this for loop does.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00363-00090072-00090792": "It starts at index zero, it goes until i", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00364-00090492-00090989": "is less than the length of the array—and", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00365-00090792-00091313": "this is critical, we'll talk about why in", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00366-00090989-00091713": "a second—and it increments i at each", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00367-00091313-00092183": "step. So I start with the first index—the", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00368-00091923-00092351": "0th element in the array—and I go one at a", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00369-00092183-00092445": "time. I look at the first, then the", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00370-00092351-00092682": "second, then the third.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00371-00092445-00093122": "Or I look at the one at index 0, and then index 1, and index 2. And I do", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00372-00092931-00093354": "that until I get to the end of the array.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00373-00093122-00093747": "Remember that the last element in the", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00374-00093354-00094001": "array is not at the index length—it's at", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00375-00093747-00094338": "the index length minus 1. So that's why", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00376-00094001-00094617": "this less than ensures that we don't", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00377-00094338-00095175": "walk off the end of the array. So for", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00378-00094617-00095327": "this example I've got 0 1 2 3 4 5, those", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00379-00095175-00095619": "are the indices of the array. So the last", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00380-00095327-00095817": "valid index in the array is 5. The", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00381-00095619-00095985": "length of the array is 6, it has 6", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00382-00095817-00096150": "elements. So the first time through the", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00383-00095985-00096339": "loop I'm going to do the first element", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00384-00096150-00096474": "which is at index 0, the second time", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00385-00096339-00096782": "I'm going to do the 2nd element which is at", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00386-00096474-00097143": "index 1, and the last time is going to be", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00387-00096782-00097506": "when i is 5—primes.length is 6, 5 is", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00388-00097143-00097767": "less than 6.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00389-00097506-00098106": "Index 5 is the 6th element of primes.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00390-00097767-00098319": "That's the last one. So again this for", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00391-00098106-00098532": "loop I suspect if you did an analysis of", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00392-00098319-00098649": "all the computer code in the world, you", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00393-00098532-00098856": "know for loops are more common than", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00394-00098649-00099104": "while loops, but this for loop is probably", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00395-00098856-00099363": "the most common for loop on earth.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00396-00099104-00099582": "There's just nothing", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00397-00099363-00099732": "that's more canonical when we write", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00398-00099582-00100272": "computer code than iterating through an", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00399-00099732-00100557": "array. So in Java there's also something", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00400-00100272-00100797": "new, the enhanced for loop—and I find this to be", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00401-00100557-00100976": "sort of funny because this is a form of", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00402-00100797-00101214": "a loop that many other languages that", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00403-00100976-00101385": "have for a long time. But you'll see this", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00404-00101214-00101751": "syntax as well so I just want to show", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00405-00101385-00101910": "you this. The operation of", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00406-00101751-00102176": "going through every element of an array is so", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00407-00101910-00102438": "common that Java has a shortcut for it.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00408-00102176-00102627": "So here's what I'm doing up here. You'll", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00409-00102438-00102770": "see that I'm taking an array of primes that", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00410-00102627-00103031": "has six elements and I'm going through", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00411-00102770-00103166": "every value in the array.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00412-00103031-00103394": "But frequently we", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00413-00103166-00103661": "don't want the index, we want the thing", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00414-00103394-00103820": "that's in the array at that position.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00415-00103661-00104117": "So here what you'll do is you'll see I'm", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00416-00103820-00104388": "printing off at every step the element", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00417-00104117-00104582": "the the value that's inside primes at", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00418-00104388-00105114": "that index. So if I ran this it would", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00419-00104582-00105282": "print 2 3 5 7 11 13. Down here I have the", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00420-00105114-00105566": "same for loop written using this what's", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00421-00105282-00105774": "called enhanced for-loop syntax. So I", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00422-00105566-00106140": "declare an int called prime", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00423-00105774-00106521": "and then I use this colon. And what happens", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00424-00106140-00106755": "is prime is going to receive every value", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00425-00106521-00106880": "that's stored inside primes. The nice", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00426-00106755-00107208": "thing is I don't have to worry about the", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00427-00106880-00107342": "index. If this runs it's actually", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00428-00107208-00107540": "going to do the exactly the same thing", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00429-00107342-00107757": "as the code at the top.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00430-00107540-00107979": "The only drawback here is I don't have", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00431-00107757-00108129": "access to the index. So you'll see that", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00432-00107979-00108351": "as I'm running I don't actually know", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00433-00108129-00108597": "what the index is for that", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00434-00108351-00108785": "particular value. But there are times", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00435-00108597-00109164": "when we don't care, and so this could be", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00436-00108785-00109329": "a useful loop to to know about.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00437-00109164-00109683": "Now we've come the point where let's", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00438-00109329-00110148": "do some practice. So here's an example.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00439-00109683-00110466": "I've got a a character array called toPrint.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00440-00110148-00110919": "It's got four values. I just want to print every", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00441-00110619-00111183": "member. So this might be a point to", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00442-00110919-00111303": "pause, but let's talk about a little bit", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00443-00111183-00111669": "first, about how we're going to do this.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00444-00111303-00111957": "So I need a loop and I want to see every", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00445-00111669-00112109": "element of toPrint. I could use an", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00446-00111957-00112266": "enhanced for loop that I just looked at,", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00447-00112109-00112554": "or I could use just that really common", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00448-00112266-00112760": "for loop syntax. So if you want to pause", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00449-00112554-00113234": "and give this a try now is the time to", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00450-00112760-00113435": "do it. OK. So let's do this. So I'm going", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00451-00113234-00113646": "to write my for loop. I'll do this two", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00452-00113435-00114230": "different ways. I'm going to do it with the", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00453-00113646-00114410": "index and then I'll also do it using the", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00454-00114230-00114771": "enhanced for loop syntax so you can see both.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00455-00114410-00114972": "So in this case", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00456-00114771-00115178": "I've got that canonical for loop—I can", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00457-00114972-00115470": "almost write this one in my sleep. I", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00458-00115178-00115634": "declare an index in variable called i,", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00459-00115470-00116016": "start it at 0 which is the first element", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00460-00115634-00116223": "of the array, and I", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00461-00116016-00116394": "continue the the loop while it's less", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00462-00116223-00116567": "than toPrint.length. So this will", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00463-00116394-00116757": "stop as soon as it equals toPrint.length.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00464-00116567-00117000": "And I increment it on every", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00465-00116757-00117270": "iteration. Inside the loop I'm going to", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00466-00117000-00117536": "use that to access the value of toPrint", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00467-00117270-00117879": "at the index i. So this will print", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00468-00117536-00118103": "ABCD. Great. Let me show you how to do", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00469-00117879-00118626": "that using the enhanced for-loop syntax.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00470-00118103-00118890": "In this example", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00471-00118890-00119586": "for loop is not allocating or", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00472-00119379-00119772": "declaring an integer variable, it's", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00473-00119586-00119940": "declaring a variable of type char,", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00474-00119772-00120399": "because that's what's inside the array.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00475-00119940-00120822": "So this says give me every element of toPrint", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00476-00120399-00120970": "in a variable called value of type", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00477-00120822-00121134": "char, because again that's the type of", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00478-00120970-00121359": "the array. And then I'll print it off", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00479-00121134-00121689": "here. So again this does the exactly same", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00480-00121359-00122058": "thing, so two different ways to solve", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00481-00121689-00122241": "that problem. All right so let's let's do a", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00482-00122058-00122550": "slightly different version of this", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00483-00122241-00122775": "problem. You've seen us use", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00484-00122550-00123045": "System.out.println a lot and", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00485-00122775-00123346": "what it does is it prints", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00486-00123045-00123607": "whatever the arguments are and then it", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00487-00123346-00123759": "prints a new line. So that's why each one", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00488-00123607-00123966": "of these letters appears on a separate", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00489-00123759-00124248": "line. If I want to put them on the same", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00490-00123966-00124839": "line, this gives me practice at", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00491-00124248-00125166": "writing that canonical loop, I can do", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00492-00124839-00125613": "System.out.print and that will", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00493-00125166-00125799": "not print a new line. And so what this", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00494-00125613-00126196": "will do is print everything on one line.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00495-00125799-00126492": "So the only difference here is System.out.println I get", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00496-00126196-00126808": "a new line after every call, System.out.print I", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00497-00126492-00126997": "don't. And again I could write this", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00498-00126808-00127242": "using the enhanced for-loop syntax. I", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00499-00126997-00127570": "could say char value, give me every value", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00500-00127242-00128025": "from toPrint, and then I", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00501-00127570-00128221": "print the value inside the array.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00502-00128025-00128490": "rSo now let's do a slightly more", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00503-00128221-00128683": "complicated example. Now I want to", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00504-00128490-00128835": "print every member of to print backwards.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00505-00128683-00128952": "You can either do this on one line,", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00506-00128835-00129324": "or on multiple lines. Again if you're following along at", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00507-00129174-00129622": "home, this might be a good time to pause", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00508-00129324-00129885": "the video, give yourself a minute to try", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00509-00129622-00130420": "this problem, and then join up with me in", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00510-00129885-00130779": "a second and I'll show you how to do it.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00511-00130420-00131010": "Let's let's try this. So now this is", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00512-00130779-00131146": "a less common loop. You do see it", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00513-00131010-00131361": "sometimes, and it's something that you", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00514-00131146-00131821": "you should know how to do. So I know", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00515-00131361-00132019": "I need a for loop.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00516-00131821-00132379": "I'm going to start at which value?", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00517-00132019-00132565": "So when I go through the loop", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00518-00132379-00132829": "forward I start at zero, that's the first", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00519-00132565-00133084": "value. But what's the last value in the", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00520-00132829-00133372": "array? Well the last value in the array", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00521-00133084-00133585": "is actually twoPrint.length minus one.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00522-00133372-00133825": "That's the last index of the array,", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00523-00133585-00134112": "it's toPrint.length minus one. So in", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00524-00133825-00134416": "this case that would be three.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00525-00134112-00134683": "My update condition is also kind of easy:", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00526-00134416-00134914": "I'm going down, so I'm going from 3 to 2", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00527-00134683-00135220": "to 1 to 0. So I know that I want a", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00528-00134914-00135511": "decrement of i at every step. The last thing", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00529-00135220-00135829": "that's a little tricky here is the check.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00530-00135511-00135988": "How do I know when I'm done? And it turns", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00531-00135829-00136284": "out that I want to continue this as long", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00532-00135988-00136678": "as i is greater than or equal to zero,", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00533-00136284-00137002": "because I do want to use index 0.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00534-00136678-00137358": "It's the index of the first element. So", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00535-00137002-00137826": "now again inside my loop I'll just print", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00536-00137358-00137944": "out the value with a new line.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00537-00137826-00138454": "Bingo. This is a little bit of a trickier", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00538-00138247-00138595": "one to get right. So here are some common mistakes.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00539-00138595-00139249": "If I start it at index 4 then", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00540-00139072-00139354": "I'm going to have an the of bounds", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00541-00139249-00139570": "exception that I looked at before,", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00542-00139354-00139944": "because 4 is not a valid index for this", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00543-00139570-00140251": "array. The valid indices are 0 1 2 & 3.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00544-00139944-00140446": "OK. Sometimes I get this right and then I", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00545-00140251-00140701": "write something like this, and this will", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00546-00140446-00140947": "run but... Uh-oh, what happened", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00547-00140701-00141364": "to A? Well what happened is that I", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00548-00140947-00141679": "started at 3, I ran it with ,3 I ran it", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00549-00141364-00141910": "with 2, I ran it with 1, I got to 0 and the", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00550-00141679-00142054": "check said is i greater than 0: no 0 is", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00551-00141910-00142399": "not greater than itself, and it's stopped.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00552-00142054-00142510": "So this is this is something else to be", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00553-00142399-00142888": "aware of when you're trying to go", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00554-00142510-00143107": "backwards. So let me actually just write", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00555-00142888-00143874": "these side-by-side so you can see them", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00556-00143107-00144384": "together. This is the forward loop, and", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00557-00143874-00144384": "this is its reverse incarnation.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00558-00144498-00145422": "I'll add a little barrier here just so we can see where the first one stops and the second", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00559-00145146-00145862": "one starts. So forward,", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00560-00145422-00146094": "backward. Forward: start at zero,", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00561-00145862-00146361": "continue while it's less than toPrint.length,", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00562-00146094-00146610": "increment. Backwards, start at", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00563-00146361-00146739": "toPrint.length minus one, continue", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00564-00146610-00147162": "while it's greater than or equal to zero,", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00565-00146739-00147266": "and decrement. So by far the most common", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00566-00147162-00147435": "loop you're going to see is the forward", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00567-00147266-00147570": "loop. There are times when, for whatever", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00568-00147435-00147758": "reason, you want to go backwards through", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00569-00147570-00148250": "an array, and here's how to do it.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00570-00147758-00148575": "OK. So this is a fun one.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00571-00148250-00149064": "Now let's only print the values with even", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00572-00148575-00149202": "indices. So this is maybe", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00573-00149064-00149400": "germane to one of our homework", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00574-00149202-00149630": "problems. But let's give it a shot. So", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00575-00149400-00149775": "again if you want to pause now, think", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00576-00149630-00150086": "about how to do this, give it a shot, and", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00577-00149775-00150086": "then we'll do it together.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00578-00150225-00150864": "So let's tackle this guy.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00579-00150678-00151766": "I'm going to start by just doing my", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00580-00150864-00151959": "standard loop. So now what I now", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00581-00151766-00152277": "what I want to do inside the array is I", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00582-00151959-00152567": "want to test to see if i is even:", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00583-00152277-00152778": "is i an even indice?", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00584-00152778-00153357": "And something that I do is", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00585-00153120-00153534": "just build up your solution in parts.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00586-00153357-00153680": "So now I'm printing every", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00587-00153534-00153915": "element. That's not what I want. I only", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00588-00153680-00154272": "want the ones with even indices. So how", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00589-00153915-00154395": "do I test if the indices is even? Well", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00590-00154272-00154608": "remember in Java I have something called a", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00591-00154395-00154890": "remainder operator. That remainder", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00592-00154608-00155160": "operator tells me what the remainder is", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00593-00154890-00155310": "if I divide a certain value by another", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00594-00155160-00155492": "value. So this is the remainder operator", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00595-00155310-00155826": "in Java: %. It's not something we've seen in", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00596-00155492-00156165": "class before. But what it does is it says,", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00597-00155826-00156441": "here's the remainder if I divided", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00598-00156165-00156732": "this integer by this other integer.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00599-00156441-00157098": "So this is integer division, the remainder", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00600-00156732-00157395": "is what's left over. So if a", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00601-00157098-00157695": "value is even then the remainder when I", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00602-00157395-00157792": "divide by two is zero. So this will", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00603-00157695-00158158": "only print the", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00604-00157792-00158344": "even indices. And to convince ourselves of", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00605-00158158-00158484": "that let's print the indices.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00606-00158484-00159373": "Now I'm", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00607-00159196-00159625": "printing the index, a space and", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00608-00159373-00159859": "then the value of the array. I see the", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00609-00159625-00160126": "first time through \"0 A\",", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00610-00159859-00160354": "second time through—well sorry that's", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00611-00160126-00160525": "the third time—first time, third", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00612-00160354-00160720": "time, fifth time through. The", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00613-00160525-00161047": "other times I'm not entering this if", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00614-00160720-00161221": "statement so I can put that down here if", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00615-00161047-00161854": "we want to see what the indexes are", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00616-00161221-00162040": "there were being skipped. So the", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00617-00161854-00162202": "index is even, I put the value, index is", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00618-00162040-00162379": "odd. Index is even, I print the value,", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00619-00162202-00162670": "index is odd. Index is even, I print the value,", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00620-00162379-00163006": "index is odd. I could do this", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00621-00162670-00163132": "differently. So let's come up with", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00622-00163006-00163474": "a bit more clever", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00623-00163132-00163639": "solution. By the way: this type of", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00624-00163474-00163795": "exploration, this type of just fiddling", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00625-00163639-00163978": "around with things, putting in print", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00626-00163795-00164095": "statements—it's really useful when", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00627-00163978-00164278": "you're getting started learning how to", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00628-00164095-00164617": "program. It gives you an insight into", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00629-00164278-00164782": "what the computer is doing.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00630-00164617-00164920": "At some point the semester we'll show", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00631-00164782-00165067": "you how to use a debugger, which is a", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00632-00164920-00165226": "much more powerful tool that will", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00633-00165067-00165457": "provide a lot of information about", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00634-00165226-00165670": "what's going on inside the computer as", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00635-00165457-00165910": "your code runs. But these types of print", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00636-00165670-00166141": "statements are super useful. I", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00637-00165910-00166369": "don't fire up a full debugger very often, if ever.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00638-00166141-00166537": "Most of the way that I solve", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00639-00166369-00166705": "problems with my code is through", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00640-00166537-00167014": "observation—it's by putting in print", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00641-00166705-00167161": "statements, and also by ensuring that certain", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00642-00167014-00167260": "things are correct at certain points,", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00643-00167161-00167551": "something else that we'll talk about", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00644-00167260-00167725": "later in the semester. So this is", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00645-00167551-00167959": "one way to solve this problem, and it", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00646-00167725-00168157": "works, and so we can be happy with it.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00647-00167959-00168316": "But some of you might be", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00648-00168157-00168574": "thinking that I could do this in a", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00649-00168316-00168745": "different way, and that's true. So let's", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00650-00168574-00168907": "try a different solution. Again, at some level", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00651-00168745-00169159": "we're talking about baby", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00652-00168907-00169378": "algorithms now, and so frequently there's", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00653-00169159-00169558": "more than one way to solve a problem. So", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00654-00169378-00169846": "rather than going through every index", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00655-00169558-00170227": "and only printing if the index is even I", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00656-00169846-00170620": "can adjust my loop so that the loop only", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00657-00170227-00170911": "considers even indices. So instead of", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00658-00170620-00171118": "adding one every time I can change the", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00659-00170911-00171358": "loop so it adds two.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00660-00171118-00171655": "So now I'm never even going to enter the", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00661-00171358-00171796": "loop with an odd indicee. I'm going to start", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00662-00171655-00172021": "with zero and then I'm going to have two and then", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00663-00171796-00172228": "four. And this should work", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00664-00172021-00172597": "regardless of whether the array length", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00665-00172228-00172819": "is even or odd, but we'll test both.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00666-00172597-00173119": "There we go. So again the same thing I", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00667-00172819-00173287": "did before. A little simpler in the sense", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00668-00173119-00173509": "there's no if statement inside the loop.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00669-00173287-00173674": "The loop is a little more complicated. So", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00670-00173509-00173851": "there's a trade-off there. If you write", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00671-00173674-00174097": "the canonical loop and put the if", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00672-00173851-00174355": "statement inside, somebody reading it may", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00673-00174097-00174511": "see more clearly what the loop is doing.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00674-00174355-00174727": "But in this case what I've done is I've", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00675-00174511-00174931": "made my loop a little bit more efficient", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00676-00174727-00174997": "because it's not considering the odd indices", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00677-00174931-00175396": "at all.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00678-00174997-00175492": "and the statement inside of it is simpler.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00679-00175396-00175792": "Whenever you're doing something like", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00680-00175492-00176005": "this it's always good to try a couple of", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00681-00175792-00176329": "examples to make sure that things are", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00682-00176005-00176632": "working the way you thought. So it worked", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00683-00176329-00176749": "when I had an even number of values in", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00684-00176632-00176911": "the array, and I also want to make sure", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00685-00176749-00177040": "it works when I have an odd number of", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00686-00176911-00177235": "values in the array. And it looks like it", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00687-00177040-00177451": "does. So when I have an odd number of", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00688-00177235-00177652": "values this is the first element the", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00689-00177451-00177958": "third the fifth and the seventh.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00690-00177652-00178150": "So now toPrint has seven elements. The", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00691-00177958-00178480": "last element of toPrint is at index", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00692-00178150-00179142": "six, that indice is even, it's being", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00693-00178480-00179512": "printed. OK great. Another fun question and", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00694-00179142-00179680": "again relevant to some of the things", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00695-00179512-00179875": "that we've been doing. And there", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00696-00179680-00180241": "is a missing semicolon here, I'll try to", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00697-00179875-00180394": "fix that before I post this. So what", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00698-00180241-00180706": "we've been doing so far is essentially", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00699-00180394-00180988": "just going through an array and looking", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00700-00180706-00181099": "at each element. But a lot of times what", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00701-00180988-00181357": "we want to do is we actually want to", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00702-00181099-00181639": "process things, and that means having", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00703-00181357-00181873": "some way to store information that's", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00704-00181639-00182095": "outside of the loop. This is a very", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00705-00181873-00182245": "very common idiom and something that you", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00706-00182095-00182428": "will become very familiar with by the", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00707-00182245-00182704": "time you're done with this class.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00708-00182428-00183028": "The pattern for this goes", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00709-00182704-00183178": "as follows: I initialize some variable", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00710-00183028-00183427": "that's going to store some data outside", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00711-00183178-00183610": "the loop. Then I write a loop that goes", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00712-00183427-00183940": "through every element of the array. In", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00713-00183610-00184126": "that loop I do something to that", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00714-00183940-00184235": "variable that I left outside. And when", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00715-00184126-00184499": "I'm done I have", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00716-00184235-00184637": "an answer. So again, if you're following", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00717-00184499-00185048": "along at home, this is a good time to", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00718-00184637-00185315": "pause before we go on, think about how", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00719-00185048-00185789": "you might solve this problem, and then", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00720-00185315-00185972": "we'll do it together.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00721-00185789-00186359": "Small awkward pause later, let's think about", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00722-00185972-00186539": "this. So I know I need a loop to get to", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00723-00186359-00186758": "every element of the array. I can", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00724-00186539-00186944": "start by writing that loop, and why don't", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00725-00186758-00187303": "I write that loop using the enhanced", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00726-00186944-00187598": "for-loop syntax just for fun. So this is", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00727-00187303-00188039": "simple, this gives me every value in the", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00728-00187598-00188309": "in the array. But now what do I", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00729-00188039-00188573": "do inside? I'm not printing them,", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00730-00188309-00188917": "actually want to compute the sum.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00731-00188573-00189182": "Well if I do something like this what's", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00732-00188917-00189428": "going to happen. Well, I'm declaring sum", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00733-00189182-00189703": "inside the loop, and so I could do", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00734-00189428-00190112": "something like sum = 0,", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00735-00189703-00190315": "sum += value. But the problem here is", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00736-00190112-00190478": "now my variable sum—there's two problems.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00737-00190315-00190717": "First of all I can't use it outside the", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00738-00190478-00190910": "loop, and I'm reinitializing it to zero", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00739-00190717-00191090": "every time so it's not actually going to", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00740-00190910-00191426": "be accumulating the values inside the", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00741-00191090-00191554": "loop So", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00742-00191426-00191702": "every time I go through the loop I'll", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00743-00191554-00191912": "create a new variable called sum, I'll", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00744-00191702-00192107": "set it to zero, add the value, but the next", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00745-00191912-00192298": "time I come through I've forgotten", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00746-00192107-00192541": "the sum I'm supposed to remember.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00747-00192298-00192773": "So this is an example of a place where I", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00748-00192541-00193253": "need to store some information outside", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00749-00192773-00193438": "the loop. And so I declare something that", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00750-00193253-00193723": "I'm going to update outside the loop and", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00751-00193438-00193990": "then each time through the loop I'm", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00752-00193723-00194213": "modifying that value. What I'm doing", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00753-00193990-00194380": "is I'm looking at the", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00754-00194213-00194530": "first value, I'm adding it to the", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00755-00194380-00194675": "sum, I look at the second, add it to the sum", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00756-00194530-00194927": "I look to the third value, add it", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00757-00194675-00195308": "to the sum. And when I'm done what I", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00758-00194927-00195817": "should have is the sum of the elements", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00759-00195308-00196094": "in the array. Sure enough I do: 150.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00760-00195817-00196277": "So again this is a super common programming", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00761-00196094-00196472": "construct. You see this all the time.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00762-00196277-00196571": "When I do this I typically", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00763-00196472-00196988": "put some white space around", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00764-00196988-00197586": "And you can do multiple things. So let's say", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00765-00197258-00198104": "we wanted to compute both the sum", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00766-00197586-00198386": "and the product. So now", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00767-00198104-00198669": "every time through the loop I'm adding", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00768-00198386-00199044": "the value to the sum and I'm multiplying", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00769-00198669-00199746": "the product by the value. and when I'm", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00770-00199044-00199958": "done I can print off both. What did I do", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00771-00199746-00199958": "wrong?", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00772-00200021-00200811": "Oh, sorry, product.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00773-00200349-00201029": "There we go.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00774-00200811-00201135": "So it's common to have loops where you're", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00775-00201029-00201321": "going through every element of the array and", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00776-00201135-00201467": "actually updating multiple", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00777-00201321-00201680": "computations at the same time. So this is", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00778-00201467-00202113": "an example. But certainly you can also do", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00779-00201680-00202350": "one. So another very common pattern.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00780-00202113-00202454": "If you're struggling a little", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00781-00202350-00202764": "bit right now and if you're a little", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00782-00202454-00202935": "confused, don't worry. You will", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00783-00202764-00203199": "have so much practice with these things.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00784-00202935-00203397": "one of the reasons that we are just on", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00785-00203199-00203577": "fast-forward now for the first couple of", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00786-00203397-00203721": "weeks is that we are getting you to the", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00787-00203577-00203898": "point where you can", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00788-00203721-00204075": "at least pattern", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00789-00203898-00204240": "match a little bit. And then we're going to", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00790-00204075-00204396": "practice, practice, practice, practice,", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00791-00204240-00204576": "practice, throughout the rest of this", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00792-00204396-00204755": "semester. By the time you are done", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00793-00204576-00204992": "you will be able to write these things", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00794-00204755-00205248": "in your sleep. I will put this question", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00795-00204992-00205466": "on the exam and you will be like, ha,", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00796-00205248-00205712": "this is so easy, I'm done, it takes me 30", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00797-00205466-00205929": "seconds. But part of that is just", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00798-00205712-00206127": "practice. I have written loops like", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00799-00205929-00206400": "this probably in my career tens of", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00800-00206127-00206687": "thousands of times. You never stop", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00801-00206400-00206936": "needing these types of tools.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00802-00206687-00207146": "Going through every", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00803-00206936-00207300": "value in the array and updating", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00804-00207146-00207483": "some computation is something that I", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00805-00207300-00207684": "write code that still does today. It's", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00806-00207483-00207885": "just so common, you've got to start to", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00807-00207684-00208016": "learn how to do it. And we will help you", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00808-00207885-00208209": "learn how to do it by giving you lots of", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00809-00208016-00208736": "chances to repeat these types of", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00810-00208209-00209052": "computations. OK so we're at the point", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00811-00208736-00209327": "now where we've basically gotten through", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00812-00209052-00209636": "all of these simple things that", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00813-00209327-00209771": "computers are good at. We know how to get", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00814-00209636-00209976": "them to do math, we've seen ways to", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00815-00209771-00210135": "update variables, we have seen", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00816-00209976-00210339": "conditional expressions and conditional", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00817-00210135-00210626": "statements, we have talked about loops,", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00818-00210339-00210946": "and we've talked about variables.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00819-00210626-00211134": "These are the basic building blocks.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00820-00210946-00211317": "These are the basic computer", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00821-00211134-00211623": "capabilities that are really special.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00822-00211317-00211846": "But how do we get them to solve problems?", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00823-00211623-00212206": "We're a long way from being able to take", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00824-00211846-00212440": "these capabilities and get", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00825-00212206-00212740": "computer to play chess, or get a computer", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00826-00212440-00213103": "to analyze a song for us.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00827-00212740-00213277": "What we'll be talking about for", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00828-00213103-00213640": "the rest of the semester", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00829-00213277-00213871": "essentially are computer algorithms.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00830-00213640-00214102": "A computer algorithm is a series of steps", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00831-00213871-00214354": "performed by a computer that solves a", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00832-00214102-00214639": "problem. An algorithm is a process or set", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00833-00214354-00214807": "of rules that solves a problem.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00834-00214639-00214983": "You implement algorithms—there are human", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00835-00214807-00215233": "algorithms. You have ways that you solve", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00836-00214983-00215416": "problems. And as computer scientists we", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00837-00215233-00215677": "implement algorithms by having computers", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00838-00215416-00215956": "perform simple calculations, store the", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00839-00215677-00216186": "results, make simple decisions, and repeat", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00840-00215956-00216367": "things. And communicate with us:", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00841-00216186-00216729": "tell us the result or take some input from", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00842-00216367-00217011": "us, do some work, tell us what happened.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00843-00216729-00217141": "So one of the things", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00844-00217011-00217423": "I want you to make aware of is that", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00845-00217141-00217608": "you solve problems as a human—you", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00846-00217423-00217773": "have algorithms that you apply.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00847-00217608-00217981": "You may not have thought about them in", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00848-00217773-00218221": "that way, but you have approaches to", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00849-00217981-00218592": "problems. Computers have different", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00850-00218221-00218698": "capabilities than you do and that's one", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00851-00218592-00218869": "of the things that makes them so", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00852-00218698-00219084": "exciting to learn how to use and how to", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00853-00218869-00219342": "program. Because computers have these", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00854-00219084-00219561": "new capabilities they can do things that", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00855-00219342-00219771": "you can't—they're way", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00856-00219561-00220086": "better at repeating things over and over", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00857-00219771-00220333": "really fast than you are.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00858-00220086-00220473": "So when we implement computer algorithms,", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00859-00220333-00220744": "we want to do it", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00860-00220473-00220996": "in a way that respects and", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00861-00220744-00221244": "harnesses those capabilities, those", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00862-00220996-00221455": "special features. So the way that a", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00863-00221244-00221683": "computer solves a problem is not the", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00864-00221455-00221892": "same way that a human solves a problem.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00865-00221683-00222148": "Remember computers don't play chess like a", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00866-00221892-00222379": "human place chess, computers don't", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00867-00222148-00222628": "analyze text the way", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00868-00222379-00222844": "that a human analyzes text.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00869-00222628-00223071": "When we when we train computers to do", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00870-00222844-00223323": "these things we harness the things that", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00871-00223071-00223582": "they do well and that gives us new ways", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00872-00223323-00223789": "of solving problems that humans wouldn't", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00873-00223582-00224136": "be able to. So if you think about how", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00874-00223789-00224338": "a computer drives a car, for example they", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00875-00224136-00224677": "are using their capability", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00876-00224338-00224941": "to do things in ways that humans can't.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00877-00224677-00225211": "Humans are fantastic at communication", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00878-00224941-00225412": "and we have extremely strong visual", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00879-00225211-00225556": "processing, while computers are harnessing", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00880-00225412-00225814": "their ability to repeat things over and", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00881-00225556-00226003": "over again and you know analyze data and", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00882-00225814-00226204": "observe patterns and things like this.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00883-00226003-00226402": "That's what they're using", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00884-00226204-00226588": "to try to mimic some of the same", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00885-00226402-00226765": "things that we can do.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00886-00226588-00226957": "So when a computer and a human solve the same problem,", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00887-00226765-00227251": "frequently they do to do in completely", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00888-00226957-00227428": "different ways. And learning how to", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00889-00227251-00227650": "program computers and about computer", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00890-00227428-00227823": "science is partly about understanding", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00891-00227650-00228133": "what computers can do well and then", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00892-00227823-00228337": "learning how to solve problems in ways", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00893-00228133-00228688": "that are a good fit for those computer", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00894-00228337-00228867": "capabilities. So I like this graph.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00895-00228688-00229071": "Algorithms are not a new idea—in fact an", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00896-00228867-00229459": "algorithm is it is a word that has", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00897-00229071-00229617": "roots in the Arabic", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00898-00229459-00229842": "language, and it's a very old word.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00899-00229617-00230094": "But but look at the use of algorithm.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00900-00229842-00230373": "This is a fun graph that you", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00901-00230094-00230527": "can get on Google, and again we talked", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00902-00230373-00230739": "about how we're starting to analyze text", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00903-00230527-00230971": "using computers. So here's an example of", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00904-00230739-00231190": "the kind of analysis you could do.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00905-00230971-00231403": "This is textual analysis of the", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00906-00231190-00231721": "frequency of the word algorithm as it", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00907-00231403-00231867": "appears in various types of publications", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00908-00231721-00232153": "and in various types of communication.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00909-00231867-00232548": "And you can see that right", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00910-00232153-00232773": "around 1960 algorithm starts to", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00911-00232548-00232906": "skyrocket both both the small case and", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00912-00232773-00233311": "the upper case version.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00913-00232906-00233566": "And what's happening around 1960, 1970?", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00914-00233311-00233737": "Early computers. And this has just taken", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00915-00233566-00234044": "off since then and has really", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00916-00233737-00234280": "part become part of our modern lexicon.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00917-00234044-00234481": "So for the next couple of weeks we're", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00918-00234280-00234769": "going to talk about algorithms.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00919-00234481-00234934": "We're also going to introduce", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00920-00234769-00235132": "some new java features and talk", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00921-00234934-00235264": "some new ideas, but we're really", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00922-00235132-00235392": "really going to root our discussion in", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00923-00235264-00235711": "algorithms. We're going to focus on", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00924-00235392-00235912": "implementing simple algorithms using the", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00925-00235711-00236116": "Java capabilities that you already know.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00926-00235912-00236263": "This is going to allow us to do two", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00927-00236116-00236467": "things. First of all, we're going to get", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00928-00236263-00236617": "to talk about algorithms and we're going to", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00929-00236467-00236773": "start to look at how computers solve", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00930-00236617-00236967": "problems. But it also is going to give", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00931-00236773-00237159": "you a lot of practice in taking those", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00932-00236967-00237541": "imperative programming building blocks—", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00933-00237159-00237630": "loops, variables, arrays, conditional", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00934-00237541-00237837": "statements and", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00935-00237630-00238116": "expressions—and using them to solve", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00936-00237837-00238251": "problems. That's what MP0 is about, that's", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00937-00238116-00238380": "what the next few weeks in the class are", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00938-00238251-00238638": "about, that's what the homework problems are", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00939-00238380-00239100": "going to be about. And all of that should", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00940-00238638-00239388": "work together. So let's do one quickly", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00941-00239100-00239519": "now at the very end of class. Let's think", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00942-00239388-00239784": "about how to solve a particular problem", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00943-00239519-00239913": "using a computer. So I have an array of", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00944-00239784-00240228": "integers, and I want to determine the", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00945-00239913-00240339": "maximum value. So the first thing we're", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00946-00240228-00240546": "going to do when we solve problems like", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00947-00240339-00241038": "this is we're going to figure out what is", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00948-00240546-00241239": "our algorithm. So we're going to declare a", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00949-00241038-00241362": "maximum value before we start, but what", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00950-00241239-00241602": "should we initialize it to? So that's", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00951-00241362-00241817": "interesting. Then I'm going to look at each", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00952-00241602-00242048": "value in the array. What am I going to do at", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00953-00241817-00242403": "that point? I'm going to say is this value", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00954-00242048-00242661": "bigger than the maximum or not? And then", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00955-00242403-00242883": "do what? So again if you're following along at", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00956-00242661-00243048": "home, this is a good chance to pause,", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00957-00242883-00243177": "maybe open up a Google Doc", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00958-00243048-00243423": "and try to think about", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00959-00243177-00243903": "how are we going to solve this problem—what", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00960-00243423-00244142": "is our algorithm going to be.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00961-00243903-00244452": "Let's let's pause for a minute, I want to", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00962-00244142-00244629": "let you take a minute to think about how", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00963-00244452-00244796": "to solve this problem and set up your", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00964-00244629-00244956": "solution. This is certainly something", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00965-00244796-00245160": "that you might see, or a variant of this,", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00966-00244956-00245352": "on an M.P—in fact, you do, see a variant", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00967-00245160-00245838": "of this on MP0—or on a homework", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00968-00245352-00246069": "problem coming all. So let's give", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00969-00245838-00246303": "give this a try. I need a variable to", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00970-00246069-00246539": "store my maximum. These are integers so that's", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00971-00246303-00246794": "going to have to be an integer variable.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00972-00246539-00246971": "Now one of the challenges with the", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00973-00246794-00247140": "problem like this is what do I", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00974-00246971-00247437": "initialize my maximum to? Well, if I", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00975-00247140-00247626": "initialize it to zero what", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00976-00247437-00247839": "happens if all the values in the array", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00977-00247626-00248021": "are smaller than zero? It'll be hard to", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00978-00247839-00248246": "to find my max. So I'm going to leave this", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00979-00248021-00248664": "alone for now and I'll come back to it in a", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00980-00248246-00249108": "second. But let's write my loop. I'll use", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00981-00248664-00249294": "the old Java for loop syntax.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00982-00249108-00249483": "So now I'm going through every value in my", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00983-00249294-00249767": "array, this is my very canonical loop,", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00984-00249483-00250203": "my very common loop, and what am I going to", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00985-00249767-00250581": "do is I'm going to say if the value at that", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00986-00250203-00250963": "position is greater than my maximum then", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00987-00250581-00251309": "I found a new maximum. So I set", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00988-00250963-00251638": "the value of maximum to that new value.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00989-00251309-00251835": "And then down here I'm going to print off", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00990-00251638-00252073": "the maximum to make sure that it's", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00991-00251835-00252506": "correct. All right, so I'm almost done", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00992-00252073-00252506": "here. And, in fact this with the array.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00993-00252519-00253963": "(What's going on here? Maybe I need to", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00994-00253461-00254229": "initialize this guy. OK.) So now in", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00995-00253963-00254583": "this case all of the values were bigger", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00996-00254229-00254925": "than my maximum and so I have found the", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00997-00254583-00255075": "maximum. But let's", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00998-00254925-00255369": "try it with some different inputs.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-00999-00255075-00255732": "I could have -1, -2, -10.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01000-00255369-00255871": "In this case it's wrong. Why is", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01001-00255732-00256123": "it wrong? Because all the values were", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01002-00255871-00256296": "smaller than zero. So you know I", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01003-00256123-00256419": "initialize this to zero and then I was", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01004-00256296-00256605": "looking at the values and they were all", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01005-00256419-00256846": "smaller than zero so that", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01006-00256605-00257146": "doesn't make a lot of sense. So let's", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01007-00256846-00257491": "think it see if we can modify this to", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01008-00257146-00258036": "work. The trick here is to set", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01009-00257491-00258276": "maximum to a value in the array.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01010-00258036-00258494": "So we know that the maximum should be", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01011-00258276-00258717": "one of the elements of the array, and", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01012-00258494-00258933": "it's a common trick which that I just", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01013-00258717-00259128": "use the first element to initialize my", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01014-00258933-00259264": "maximum. So now the first time through", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01015-00259128-00259557": "the loop maximum is going to be -1.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01016-00259264-00259888": "If I change this to -10", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01017-00259557-00260014": "it'll be -10 and now", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01018-00259888-00260277": "this is going to work", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01019-00260014-00260491": "properly. It starts out -10,", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01020-00260277-00260775": "so the first time through the loop is", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01021-00260491-00260919": "sort of wasted because I'm comparing the", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01022-00260775-00261105": "first element against itself. I'm", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01023-00260919-00261273": "comparing the element at index zero to", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01024-00261105-00261435": "the element at index zero and it's never", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01025-00261273-00261546": "going to be bigger than itself.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01026-00261435-00261780": "We can show you how to fix that in a second,", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01027-00261546-00261933": "but it's OK. The next time through I", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01028-00261780-00262182": "have negative -1. -1 is bigger", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01029-00261933-00262404": "than -10 so I update maximum", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01030-00262182-00262948": "to -1. And then I never see a larger", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01031-00262404-00263125": "value and so I'm done. I can get away", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01032-00262948-00263325": "with changing this loop slightly to make", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01033-00263125-00263535": "it a little bit more efficient.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01034-00263325-00263788": "I don't have to re-examine the first value", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01035-00263535-00264006": "again because I've already set it to the", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01036-00263788-00264268": "maximum so I can start my loop at the", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01037-00264006-00264691": "second item the item in index one.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01038-00264268-00264853": "And this will also work. So whenever", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01039-00264691-00265060": "we're solving problems like this it's", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01040-00264853-00265369": "also really useful to make sure that we", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01041-00265060-00265579": "have a bunch of different test cases.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01042-00265369-00265783": "So let's make sure that this works. Set's", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01043-00265579-00265981": "make sure it works when the maximum is the", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01044-00265783-00266104": "first element of the array, let's make", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01045-00265981-00266332": "sure it works when the maximum is the", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01046-00266104-00266464": "last element in the array. It's the kind", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01047-00266332-00266632": "of test that we're going to talk about a", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01048-00266464-00266899": "few weeks where we're trying to figure", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01049-00266632-00267451": "out corner case. Because", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01050-00266899-00267739": "I messed up and my loop was", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01051-00267451-00267958": "a little bit wrong. What", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01052-00267739-00268108": "you'll see here is that if my loop is", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01053-00267958-00268300": "wrong and it's not seeing the last element,", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01054-00268108-00268522": "then this test case will help me figure", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01055-00268300-00268693": "that out. So if I test with this array", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01056-00268522-00268891": "I'm going to say: uh-oh.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01057-00268693-00269089": "The maximum is 21 and I printed 20.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01058-00268891-00269296": "Why is that? And then as I start to", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01059-00269089-00269485": "investigate I'm going to notice, oh right", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01060-00269296-00269761": "this is more for going", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01061-00269485-00270000": "backwards through an array.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01062-00269761-00270448": "I want to make sure I see every element.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01063-00270000-00270760": "OK, so again, first of many different", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01064-00270448-00271042": "examples of trying to figure out how to", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01065-00270760-00271207": "implement a computer algorithm.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01066-00271042-00271531": "The way we do this is in two steps.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01067-00271207-00271684": "We first figure out what our algorithm is.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01068-00271531-00272035": "You can actually write this down in your", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01069-00271684-00272529": "code. I could have started by doing", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01070-00272035-00273013": "this, and I should have done it this way.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01071-00272529-00273568": "I could say examine every element in the", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01072-00273013-00273895": "array, update the maximum if the current", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01073-00273568-00274297": "element is larger. So I could have", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01074-00273895-00274450": "started with this. And when you come into", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01075-00274297-00274744": "office hours, a lot of times will ask you", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01076-00274450-00275008": "to do something like this. Start out by", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01077-00274744-00275112": "writing a skeleton, just in comments.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01078-00275008-00275380": "This is your algorithm.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01079-00275112-00275698": "Now I start to put some computer code.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01080-00275380-00275938": "OK, I need a variable", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01081-00275698-00276442": "called maximum, and I'm going to do my loop,", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01082-00275938-00276907": "and I will use the enhanced for-loop", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01083-00276442-00277141": "syntax this time, and then this is", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01084-00276907-00277434": "going to go here since this is something I'm", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01085-00277141-00278500": "doing for each element of the loop, so this", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01086-00277434-00278861": "really belongs here. So I say", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01087-00278500-00279153": "if the value is larger than maximum", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01088-00278861-00279531": "then I say maximum is equal to the value.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01089-00279153-00279678": "And now I'm almost all the way there—", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01090-00279531-00280602": "the only thing I need to figure out how to", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01091-00279678-00280980": "do is to set my maximum properly.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01092-00280602-00281250": "And there we go. Once you've written the code,", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01093-00280980-00281529": "it's acceptable to take these comments", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01094-00281250-00281955": "and remove them, particularly if your", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01095-00281529-00282276": "code is quite clear. But by scaffolding", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01096-00281955-00282550": "your code with your algorithm the TAs", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01097-00282276-00282688": "and the CAs and me can help you better,", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01098-00282550-00282970": "because we can see what you're trying to", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01099-00282688-00283185": "do, so we can see flaws in the algorithm", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01100-00282970-00283404": "that might lead to an incorrect result.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01101-00283185-00283536": "If your algorithm is wrong, even if your", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01102-00283404-00283683": "implementation of the algorithm is", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01103-00283536-00284079": "perfect you're not going to get the", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01104-00283683-00284256": "right answer. So let's do one", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01105-00284079-00284460": "more before we wrap up today. Let's", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01106-00284256-00284751": "compute the average of a series of", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01107-00284460-00284961": "numbers. So again I'll pause for a moment", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01108-00284751-00285175": "and let you think about how we're going", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01109-00284961-00285574": "to do this. In many ways it's pretty", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01110-00285175-00286075": "similar to what we just did, and to an", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01111-00285574-00286246": "example that we did earlier. All right so", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01112-00286075-00286366": "how do i compute the average? Well in", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01113-00286246-00286597": "order to compute the average I need to", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01114-00286366-00286813": "know two things: I need to know a sum and", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01115-00286597-00287395": "a length. And so what I'm going to do is I'm", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01116-00286813-00287668": "going to compute the sum divided by the", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01117-00287395-00287976": "length. For computing the sum", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01118-00287668-00288639": "I'll initialize a variable to store", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01119-00287976-00289027": "the sum, examine every element the array,", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01120-00288639-00289435": "and add it to the sum.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01121-00289027-00289719": "And set it to zero since sum starts at zero.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01122-00289435-00289939": "I'm going to need a float,", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01123-00289719-00290149": "actually that's let's turn this into an", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01124-00289939-00290428": "array of doubles since this is easier to work", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01125-00290149-00290929": "with. Initialize double sum to", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01126-00290428-00291111": "zero. Then I go through the array, and", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01127-00290929-00291472": "I can use the enhanced for-loop syntax", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01128-00291111-00291883": "here. So now I take every", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01129-00291472-00292279": "value out of toAverage and I add it to my", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01130-00291883-00292690": "sum.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01131-00292279-00292813": "Now the only", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01132-00292690-00292981": "thing I need to do is divide by the", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01133-00292813-00293116": "length. You might wonder, well I don't", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01134-00292981-00293314": "know how to do that, I have no indice", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01135-00293116-00293509": "here. But remember Java arrays have this", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01136-00293314-00293944": "nice length property. So I'm going to set", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01137-00293509-00294721": "sum is equal to sum divided by two.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01138-00293944-00295030": "Know what, let's use a", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01139-00294721-00295426": "better variable name here. This will help", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01140-00295030-00295735": "me remember what I'm doing. Or I could do", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01141-00295426-00296038": "this, I like this better. I'm going to create", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01142-00295735-00296707": "a sum and I'm going to set double average", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01143-00296038-00297055": "is equal to sum divided by toAverage.length.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01144-00296707-00297210": "And I think this is correct now.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01145-00297055-00297433": "Again, let's test it with a couple of", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01146-00297210-00297772": "values that I think I should know.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01147-00297433-00298063": "So the average is 0, should be 0.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01148-00297772-00298489": "The average of a bunch of ones should be 1.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01149-00298063-00298747": "And then let's do 1 2 3,", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01150-00298489-00298906": "that adds to 6 divided by 3 is 2,", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01151-00298747-00299458": "that should be 2. So it looks like this", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01152-00298906-00299743": "is correct. Alright so I will stop here", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01153-00299458-00299974": "for today since we've done about the the", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01154-00299743-00300283": "normal amount of lecture material and we", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01155-00299974-00300538": "will pick up here on Monday. This", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01156-00300283-00300688": "is a slightly more advanced example but", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01157-00300538-00300838": "something to think about over the", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01158-00300688-00301057": "weekend. And we'll pick up this on", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01159-00300838-00301258": "Monday. If I want to go through an array", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01160-00301057-00301426": "of characters and look at all cases", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01161-00301258-00301744": "where the two elements next to each", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01162-00301426-00302029": "other are the same, how would I approach", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01163-00301744-00302185": "this problem? All right I have a couple", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01164-00302029-00302469": "of announcements.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01165-00302589-00303067": "All homework problems", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01166-00302901-00303223": "for the first two weeks are due today at", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01167-00303067-00303516": "midnight, so if you're behind on the", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01168-00303223-00303705": "homework it is time to catch up now.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01169-00303516-00303906": "Starting next week every homework", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01170-00303705-00304149": "problem will be due the day that it's", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01171-00303906-00304326": "assigned, so you really do need to get", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01172-00304149-00304447": "into the rhythm of doing these when", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01173-00304326-00304629": "they're assigned because next week", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01174-00304447-00304749": "there's no grace period. The first couple", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01175-00304629-00304923": "weeks there are still people adding and", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01176-00304749-00305170": "dropping the course. Starting next week", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01177-00304923-00305446": "homework is due the day that it is", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01178-00305170-00305590": "assigned. MP0 is due on Monda. We had", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01179-00305446-00305746": "a great time in office hours last night,", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01180-00305590-00305920": "a lot of people were making good", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01181-00305746-00306073": "progress getting help.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01182-00305920-00306249": "Please come around today if you need help.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01183-00306073-00306598": "Office hours start at 10:00 AM and", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01184-00306249-00306861": "run until 5:00 PM. This is", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01185-00306598-00307021": "the time to get help. We will have office", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01186-00306861-00307267": "hours this weekend and office", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01187-00307021-00307407": "hours on Monday. But", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01188-00307267-00307536": "particularly if you're a beginner,", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01189-00307407-00307659": "particularly if you're having a hard,", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01190-00307536-00308092": "time getting your environment set up,", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01191-00307659-00308298": "come in now, we are there to help.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01192-00308092-00308491": "Like I said I had a great setup last night,", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01193-00308298-00308661": "a bunch of CAs around, a lot of", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01194-00308491-00308874": "people were making great progress and", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01195-00308661-00309067": "getting the MP done—coming up with", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01196-00308874-00309394": "solutions, working on LCM and other parts", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01197-00309067-00309589": "of it. Come in today for help! The earlier", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01198-00309394-00309772": "you come in the more we can help you.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01199-00309589-00309967": "We want you to succeed in this class, we don't", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01200-00309772-00310138": "want you to give up. The only way you can", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01201-00309967-00310374": "fail to learn this stuff is to give up.", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01202-00310138-00310546": "So don't do that. Come in for help and we", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01203-00310374-00310734": "will get you through whatever kind of", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01204-00310546-00310846": "struggles you're going through. I am", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01205-00310734-00311073": "looking forward to seeing you guys on", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01206-00310846-00311259": "Monday. I hope some of you saw Barack", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01207-00311073-00311467": "Obama today and enjoyed that. Have a", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01208-00311259-00311711": "great weekend and I will talk to you on", "5kjJxt-yjA8-01209-00311467-00311711": "Monday. (Captioned by Geoffrey Challen)"}}, {"audio_id": "5klaC_hWM1I", "text": {"5klaC_hWM1I-00000-00000401-00000980": "I John Fitzgerald Kennedy do solemnly swear that you will faithfully execute the office of President", "5klaC_hWM1I-00001-00001000-00001217": "Of the United States and I will faithfully", "5klaC_hWM1I-00002-00001261-00001796": "execute the office of President of the United States and will to the best of your ability and", "5klaC_hWM1I-00003-00001816-00002067": "Will to the best of my ability preserve protect", "5klaC_hWM1I-00004-00002118-00002317": "and defend the Constitution", "5klaC_hWM1I-00005-00002317-00002711": "of the United States preserve protect and defend the", "5klaC_hWM1I-00006-00002769-00003131": "Constitution of the United States so help you God so help me God", "5klaC_hWM1I-00007-00006273-00006473": "Vice President Johnson", "5klaC_hWM1I-00008-00006528-00006728": "Mr. Speaker", "5klaC_hWM1I-00009-00006744-00006944": "Mr. Chief justice", "5klaC_hWM1I-00010-00007008-00007208": "President Eisenhower", "5klaC_hWM1I-00011-00007239-00007439": "Vice President Nixon", "5klaC_hWM1I-00012-00007494-00007921": "President Truman Reverend clergy fellow citizens", "5klaC_hWM1I-00013-00008088-00008288": "We observe today", "5klaC_hWM1I-00014-00008367-00008803": "Not a victory of party but a celebration of freedom", "5klaC_hWM1I-00015-00008994-00009316": "Symbolizing an end as well as a beginning", "5klaC_hWM1I-00016-00009471-00009755": "Signifying renewal as well as change", "5klaC_hWM1I-00017-00009897-00010144": "for I have sworn before you and", "5klaC_hWM1I-00018-00010214-00010389": "Almighty God", "5klaC_hWM1I-00019-00010389-00010589": "the same solemn oath", "5klaC_hWM1I-00020-00010677-00010883": "our forebears prescribed", "5klaC_hWM1I-00021-00010983-00011233": "Nearly a century and three quarters ago", "5klaC_hWM1I-00022-00011352-00011552": "The world is very different now", "5klaC_hWM1I-00023-00011694-00012175": "For men holds in his mortal hands the power to abolish", "5klaC_hWM1I-00024-00012306-00012581": "all forms of human poverty and", "5klaC_hWM1I-00026-00012653-00012907": "all forms of human life and", "5klaC_hWM1I-00028-00012992-00013183": "Yet the same revolutionary", "5klaC_hWM1I-00030-00013233-00013406": "beliefs", "5klaC_hWM1I-00031-00013406-00013612": "for which our forebears fought", "5klaC_hWM1I-00033-00013697-00013925": "Are still at issue around the globe?", "5klaC_hWM1I-00034-00014019-00014221": "the beliefs that the rights of man", "5klaC_hWM1I-00035-00014331-00014584": "Come not from the generosity of the state", "5klaC_hWM1I-00036-00014661-00014861": "But from the hand of God", "5klaC_hWM1I-00037-00014961-00015161": "We do not forget today", "5klaC_hWM1I-00038-00015234-00015553": "That we are the heirs of that first revolution", "5klaC_hWM1I-00039-00015678-00016336": "Let the word go forth from this time and place to friend and foe alike that", "5klaC_hWM1I-00040-00016448-00016960": "The torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans", "5klaC_hWM1I-00041-00017055-00017255": "born in this century tempered", "5klaC_hWM1I-00042-00017387-00017587": "By war disciplined", "5klaC_hWM1I-00043-00017681-00017893": "By a hard and bitter peace proud", "5klaC_hWM1I-00044-00018039-00018239": "of our ancient heritage and", "5klaC_hWM1I-00045-00018320-00018520": "unwilling to witness or", "5klaC_hWM1I-00046-00018584-00018784": "permit the", "5klaC_hWM1I-00047-00018789-00018989": "slow undoing", "5klaC_hWM1I-00048-00019076-00019276": "Those human rights", "5klaC_hWM1I-00049-00019301-00019564": "Till which this nation has always been committed", "5klaC_hWM1I-00050-00019644-00020044": "and to which we are committed today at home and", "5klaC_hWM1I-00051-00020109-00020309": "around the world", "5klaC_hWM1I-00052-00020949-00021149": "Let every nation know whether", "5klaC_hWM1I-00053-00021321-00021940": "It wishes us well or ill that we shall pay any price", "5klaC_hWM1I-00054-00022086-00022286": "bear any burden", "5klaC_hWM1I-00055-00022350-00022550": "meet any hardship", "5klaC_hWM1I-00056-00022593-00022793": "support any friend oppose", "5klaC_hWM1I-00057-00022878-00023078": "any foe to", "5klaC_hWM1I-00058-00023115-00023407": "assure the survival and the success of Liberty", "5klaC_hWM1I-00059-00024053-00024538": "This much we pledged and more to those old allies", "5klaC_hWM1I-00060-00024665-00025450": "Whose cultural and spiritual origins? We share we pledge the loyalty of faithful friends", "5klaC_hWM1I-00061-00025582-00026085": "United there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative ventures", "5klaC_hWM1I-00062-00026207-00026409": "Divided there is little we can do", "5klaC_hWM1I-00063-00026491-00027099": "For we do not meet a powerful challenge at all and split asunder", "5klaC_hWM1I-00064-00027230-00027622": "To those new States when we welcome to the ranks of the free", "5klaC_hWM1I-00065-00027719-00027919": "We pledge our word", "5klaC_hWM1I-00066-00027986-00028272": "That one form of colonial control", "5klaC_hWM1I-00067-00028339-00028539": "Shall not have passed away", "5klaC_hWM1I-00068-00028597-00029013": "Merely to be replaced by a far more iron tyranny", "5klaC_hWM1I-00069-00029108-00029514": "We shall not always expect to find them supporting our view", "5klaC_hWM1I-00070-00029600-00029866": "But we shall always hope to find them", "5klaC_hWM1I-00071-00029941-00030204": "strongly supporting their own freedom and", "5klaC_hWM1I-00072-00030289-00030501": "To remember that in the past", "5klaC_hWM1I-00073-00030632-00031362": "Those who foolishly thought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside", "5klaC_hWM1I-00074-00032068-00032625": "Cuz all those people in the huts and villages of half the globe", "5klaC_hWM1I-00075-00032773-00033494": "Struggling to break the bonds of mass. Misery. We pledged our best efforts to help them help themselves", "5klaC_hWM1I-00076-00033637-00033837": "For whatever period is required", "5klaC_hWM1I-00077-00033904-00034637": "Not because the Communists may be doing it not because we seek their votes, but because it is right", "5klaC_hWM1I-00078-00034741-00034941": "if a free society", "5klaC_hWM1I-00079-00035032-00035570": "Cannot help the many who are poor it cannot save the few who are rich", "5klaC_hWM1I-00080-00036229-00036429": "To our sister Republic's", "5klaC_hWM1I-00081-00036493-00036691": "south of our border", "5klaC_hWM1I-00082-00036691-00036891": "We offer a special pledge", "5klaC_hWM1I-00083-00036982-00037182": "to convert our good words", "5klaC_hWM1I-00084-00037222-00037387": "into good deeds", "5klaC_hWM1I-00085-00037387-00037632": "in a new alliance for progress", "5klaC_hWM1I-00086-00037768-00037976": "to assist free men and free", "5klaC_hWM1I-00087-00038074-00038257": "government in", "5klaC_hWM1I-00088-00038257-00038457": "casting off the chains of poverty", "5klaC_hWM1I-00089-00038548-00038849": "but this peaceful revolution of hope", "5klaC_hWM1I-00090-00038941-00039260": "Cannot become the prey of hostile powers", "5klaC_hWM1I-00091-00039349-00039560": "Let all our neighbors know", "5klaC_hWM1I-00092-00039652-00040163": "That we shall join with them to oppose aggression or subversion", "5klaC_hWM1I-00093-00040261-00040821": "Anywhere in the Americas and let every other power know that this hemisphere", "5klaC_hWM1I-00094-00040897-00041192": "Intends to remain the master of its own house", "5klaC_hWM1I-00095-00041927-00042352": "To that world assembly of sovereign states the United Nations", "5klaC_hWM1I-00096-00042437-00042934": "Our last best hope in an age where the instruments of war", "5klaC_hWM1I-00097-00043040-00043384": "Have far outpaced the instruments of peace", "5klaC_hWM1I-00098-00043499-00043699": "We renew our pledge of support", "5klaC_hWM1I-00099-00043808-00044008": "to prevent it from becoming", "5klaC_hWM1I-00100-00044054-00044254": "merely a forum for invective", "5klaC_hWM1I-00101-00044366-00044724": "to strengthen its yield of the new and the weak and to", "5klaC_hWM1I-00102-00044828-00045169": "Enlarge the area in which it's written a run", "5klaC_hWM1I-00103-00045311-00045431": "finally", "5klaC_hWM1I-00104-00045431-00045631": "to those nations", "5klaC_hWM1I-00105-00045644-00045916": "Who would make themselves our adversary?", "5klaC_hWM1I-00106-00046013-00046213": "We also not a pledge", "5klaC_hWM1I-00107-00046247-00046447": "but it"}}, {"audio_id": "5kGPkhl4pLg", "text": {"5kGPkhl4pLg-00000-00000000-00000401": "If she is not thick and has no cake.", "5kGPkhl4pLg-00001-00000401-00000863": "her mother you shall take. - Master Oogway"}}, {"audio_id": "5lypZonQPfk", "text": {"5lypZonQPfk-00000-00000395-00000776": "I was told that I would not make it.", "5lypZonQPfk-00001-00000858-00001580": "That because of the color of my eyes and my skin, my customs and my accent", "5lypZonQPfk-00002-00001580-00001777": "I would fail", "5lypZonQPfk-00003-00001848-00001945": "Well then,", "5lypZonQPfk-00004-00001945-00002571": "I will have to show them all how wrong they were", "5lypZonQPfk-00005-00002641-00002791": "because this", "5lypZonQPfk-00006-00002836-00003036": "is my story", "5lypZonQPfk-00007-00004168-00004625": "In memory of our beloved dear friend \"Trap\"", "5lypZonQPfk-00008-00004625-00004944": "Rest in peace, Grand Master"}}, {"audio_id": "5l_7C2wJmCk", "text": {"5l_7C2wJmCk-00000-00000036-00000499": "How do you use the SAP HANA Cockpit to manage streaming user and role permissions?", "5l_7C2wJmCk-00001-00000533-00001056": "Before getting started, make sure you have the following roles set for your user account in HANA studio.", "5l_7C2wJmCk-00002-00001156-00001456": "You need the first role to view the streaming tiles in Cockpit.", "5l_7C2wJmCk-00003-00001490-00001796": "You need the second or third role to open the Cockpit.", "5l_7C2wJmCk-00004-00001863-00002289": "To edit streaming permissions, you also need the following permission.", "5l_7C2wJmCk-00005-00002290-00002600": "The SYSTEM user, however, has this permission by default.", "5l_7C2wJmCk-00006-00002723-00003033": "In the Cockpit, open the Streaming Permissions tile.", "5l_7C2wJmCk-00007-00003116-00003429": "Then, enter your password.", "5l_7C2wJmCk-00008-00003433-00003783": "If you don’t enter this password, you won’t be able to save any changes.", "5l_7C2wJmCk-00009-00003943-00004243": "The first thing you’ll see open is the Users tab.", "5l_7C2wJmCk-00010-00004263-00004576": "Here, you can add existing HANA users,", "5l_7C2wJmCk-00011-00004576-00004889": "and you can also grant them streaming permissions.", "5l_7C2wJmCk-00012-00004950-00005350": "Make sure that your user exists in the HANA system before you add it here, though.", "5l_7C2wJmCk-00013-00005433-00005749": "If the user doesn’t exist in HANA, like Sarah here,", "5l_7C2wJmCk-00014-00005786-00006086": "then the permissions you set won’t be of any use.", "5l_7C2wJmCk-00015-00006120-00006470": "In this example, I’m going to grant the user, Mark,", "5l_7C2wJmCk-00016-00006470-00006886": "permission to start adapters and projects in the workspace, “FreezerMonitoring”.", "5l_7C2wJmCk-00017-00007343-00007643": "Keep in mind that the Resource field is case-sensitive.", "5l_7C2wJmCk-00018-00007856-00008116": "If you want, you can always go back and edit,", "5l_7C2wJmCk-00019-00008116-00008219": "revoke,", "5l_7C2wJmCk-00020-00008220-00008423": "or add more permissions for a user.", "5l_7C2wJmCk-00021-00008423-00008799": "Or, you can create roles, which are collections of permissions.", "5l_7C2wJmCk-00022-00009073-00009313": "In the Roles tab, you can create,", "5l_7C2wJmCk-00023-00009313-00009399": "edit,", "5l_7C2wJmCk-00024-00009400-00009603": "or delete roles.", "5l_7C2wJmCk-00025-00009603-00009793": "I’m going to create a role with permissions", "5l_7C2wJmCk-00026-00009793-00010196": "to allow a user to work with projects in the  workspace, “FreezerMonitoring”.", "5l_7C2wJmCk-00027-00010323-00010576": "I’ll call this the “developer” role.", "5l_7C2wJmCk-00028-00010576-00010893": "You can add any number of permissions to a role.", "5l_7C2wJmCk-00029-00010893-00011213": "In this case, I’ll grant the “developer” role two permissions:", "5l_7C2wJmCk-00030-00011373-00011689": "permission to view the workspace, “FreezerMonitoring”;", "5l_7C2wJmCk-00031-00012013-00012373": "and permission to manage adapters and projects in the same workspace.", "5l_7C2wJmCk-00032-00012823-00013133": "After creating a role, you can grant it to your users.", "5l_7C2wJmCk-00033-00013456-00013753": "Back to the Users tab, I’m going to remove the permission", "5l_7C2wJmCk-00034-00013753-00014049": "I granted earlier to Mark, since he no longer requires it.", "5l_7C2wJmCk-00035-00014613-00014879": "Finally, in the Roles tab,", "5l_7C2wJmCk-00036-00014880-00015210": "I’m going to assign Mark the “developer” role,", "5l_7C2wJmCk-00037-00015210-00015576": "and I'm going to give him the ability to grant this permission to other people.", "5l_7C2wJmCk-00038-00015853-00016403": "This role is much easier to manage, especially if you want to have multiple users doing similar tasks.", "5l_7C2wJmCk-00039-00016523-00016946": "And there you have it! A user that can both manage adapters and projects,", "5l_7C2wJmCk-00040-00016946-00017253": "and grant other users the same permissions.", "5l_7C2wJmCk-00041-00017403-00017826": "For more information, take a look at the Smart Data Streaming Documentation,", "5l_7C2wJmCk-00042-00017826-00018273": "and check out the full library of Smart Data Streaming videos on the HANA Academy.", "5l_7C2wJmCk-00043-00018273-00018516": "Thanks for watching!"}}, {"audio_id": "5lSVQNXtXeY", "text": {"5lSVQNXtXeY-00000-00000266-00000383": "Hey, look at me.", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00001-00000420-00000500": "[sighing]", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00002-00000513-00000660": "Why? What are you go...", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00003-00000677-00000850": "[mumbling]", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00004-00000980-00001051": "Huh?", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00005-00001064-00001267": "[mumbling]", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00006-00001317-00001481": "Are you ticklish?", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00007-00001494-00001574": "[mumbling]", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00008-00001588-00001684": "[screaming]", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00009-00001701-00001818": "[coughing]", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00010-00001831-00001955": "Oh, I just heard your father's car.", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00011-00001968-00002248": "Now boys, no matter how narcoleptic he is,", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00012-00002262-00002569": "you pretend you don't notice. Don't touch Mommy!", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00013-00002682-00002806": "Nancy.", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00014-00002909-00003203": "Boys, I'm home!", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00015-00003219-00003379": "- Hi, honey. - Hey, Dad.", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00016-00003393-00003470": "Hi there, Dad.", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00017-00003483-00003640": "Oh. hello, Ca...", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00018-00003653-00003723": "Oh!", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00019-00003807-00004130": "It's like I'm holding liquid you in my hands.", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00020-00004204-00004354": "Okay.", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00021-00004417-00004567": "Oh, sweet!", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00022-00004581-00004697": "Did you know, if you hold blood up against the light,", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00023-00004711-00004868": "you can totally see all the...", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00024-00005311-00005568": "I... I... I um...", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00025-00005582-00005692": "Get the nurse.", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00026-00005705-00005845": "I'll get the nurse.", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00027-00005932-00006139": "Tori, let's see the tornado.", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00028-00006152-00006206": "Full on?", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00029-00006219-00006299": "Full on.", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00030-00006312-00006449": "Blow me away.", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00031-00006593-00006730": "Just turn it on.", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00032-00006866-00006983": "Here we go.", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00033-00007187-00007273": "You're in reverse!", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00034-00007287-00007367": "Tori, turn it off!", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00035-00007380-00007597": "I know! I know! I know!", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00036-00007610-00007774": "[screaming]", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00037-00007787-00007977": "Turn it off! Turn it off!", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00038-00008111-00008254": "Oh my god.", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00039-00008361-00008615": "Yeah, we're about to drive through Shadow Creek Park.", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00040-00008655-00008855": "There's not much signal up here.", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00041-00008938-00009159": "There's not much of anything up here.", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00042-00009362-00009456": "Oh.", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00043-00009619-00009819": "La la.", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00044-00009893-00010136": "La la la la.", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00045-00010290-00010443": "La la.", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00046-00010503-00010754": "La la la la.", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00047-00010804-00010994": "La la.", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00048-00011027-00011244": "La la la la.", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00049-00011264-00011454": "[screaming]", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00050-00011474-00011755": "♪ Move your body  Right next to mine ♪", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00051-00011768-00011958": "♪ Feel the beat and  We're lost in time ♪", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00052-00011971-00012238": "Wait, wait, wait. Sing it on key.", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00053-00012372-00012445": "I was on key.", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00054-00012459-00012592": "You were just a little bit flat.", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00055-00012605-00012766": "No I was not!", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00056-00012826-00012919": "Alright!", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00057-00012932-00013053": "Ahem.", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00058-00013103-00013363": "♪ Move your body  Right next to mine ♪", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00059-00013376-00013580": "♪ Feel the beat and  We're lost in time ♪", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00060-00013593-00013820": "♪ I am yours and  Now you are mine ♪", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00061-00013833-00014144": "♪ Forever baby ♪", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00062-00014320-00014587": "[crying]", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00063-00014627-00014871": "I brought a fan.", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00064-00014908-00015041": "A battery powered fan.", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00065-00015054-00015221": "- Get it out. - Oh my god, come on.", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00066-00015235-00015325": "Hurry.", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00067-00015338-00015452": "Let's go.", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00068-00015465-00015655": "- It's okay. - Here it is.", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00069-00015919-00016049": "Oh stop.", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00070-00016176-00016292": "That's it?", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00071-00016306-00016443": "That's your fan?", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00072-00016459-00016559": "Yeah.", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00073-00016583-00016690": "It's not big.", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00074-00016793-00016953": "It's an embarrassment.", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00075-00017087-00017223": "You teased us.", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00076-00017387-00017504": "Okay.", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00077-00017540-00017757": "Okay, fine. Then I guess I just won't turn it on.", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00078-00017771-00017877": "[arguing]", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00079-00017891-00018111": "Now, you like my tiny fan, don't ya!", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00080-00018128-00018338": "You're from another planet!", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00081-00018555-00018708": "I don't believe you.", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00082-00018721-00018878": "[indiscernible]", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00083-00018892-00019075": "Okay, come on. If you were an alien,", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00084-00019089-00019265": "why would you pretend to be my sister?", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00085-00019279-00019546": "Here? In this simple ranch house?", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00086-00019732-00019976": "[mumbling]", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00087-00020019-00020110": "Okay.", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00088-00020143-00020310": "Okay, then prove it.", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00089-00020336-00020570": "You ready for this? Yeah.", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00090-00020583-00020720": "Get excited.", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00091-00021014-00021184": "[squealing]", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00092-00021197-00021331": "Ooh.", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00093-00021344-00021514": "How did she get her feet so white?", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00094-00021528-00021775": "[squealing]", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00095-00021788-00021941": "Well done, Foon Yee.", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00096-00021955-00022235": "Oh my god, Mandy. You are an alien!", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00097-00022248-00022502": "I can't believe how jealous you get.", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00098-00022515-00022722": "Oh oh! So, you think I'm ugly?", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00099-00022736-00022859": "Wha?", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00100-00022916-00023072": "Who s... did I say she was ugly?", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00101-00023086-00023239": "No, Cat thinks we're a perfect couple.", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00102-00023253-00023383": "Cat, are Jade and I a perfect couple?", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00103-00023396-00023546": "- Don't answer that! - Answer it!", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00104-00023560-00023666": "- Say nothing! - Come on!", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00105-00023680-00023847": "You come on!", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00106-00024033-00024230": "Well, you make Cat faint.", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00107-00024317-00024487": "I'm late for class.", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00108-00024501-00024721": "♪You have to be afraid to  Put your dreams in action ♪", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00109-00024734-00024854": "Hey! Give me the bag!", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00110-00024874-00025165": "- Give me your bag! - May day! May day!", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00111-00025178-00025468": "- Help me! - Get away from her!", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00112-00025482-00025572": "[squealing]", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00113-00025595-00025739": "Oh! Gee!", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00114-00025839-00025912": "Ow!", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00115-00025925-00026025": "Ow!", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00116-00026049-00026162": "Hold him still so I can whack him!", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00117-00026176-00026423": "- Hi, what's going on?! - Hi!", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00118-00026436-00026599": "[groaning]", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00119-00026613-00026719": "What happened?", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00120-00026796-00027157": "This-this, this hooligan came and tried to bushwhack me.", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00121-00027170-00027293": "Oh, wow!", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00122-00027307-00027510": "I mean, what are the odds of a masked...", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00123-00027524-00027680": "[chattering]", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00124-00027694-00027997": "- Andre and I were trying to... - I got dragged into this.", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00125-00028021-00028161": "It was your idea to pay a guy!", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00126-00028174-00028328": "No, you came to me and I...", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00127-00028341-00028505": "[screaming]", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00128-00028561-00028685": "Yeah, I should have told you.", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00129-00028698-00028925": "This is a bad place to hide from Jade.", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00130-00029022-00029325": "I outta take this and kill you both with it!", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00131-00029375-00029609": "How could you kill us with toilet paper?", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00132-00029656-00029793": "Put it down.", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00133-00029819-00029983": "Put it... down.", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00134-00030293-00030467": "What are you all wazzed off about?", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00135-00030480-00030830": "These two butt cheeks paid a guy asked me out on a date!", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00136-00030844-00030960": "We were trying to help!", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00137-00030974-00031101": "Why do I need your help?!", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00138-00031114-00031307": "‘Cause guys are scared to ask you out!", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00139-00031321-00031431": "That's how I like it!", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00140-00031444-00031591": "I got dragged into this.", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00141-00031604-00031811": "- See, we thought... - You thought.", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00142-00031825-00032041": "Weeee thought...", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00143-00032095-00032268": "that if you got asked out by a guy,", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00144-00032282-00032569": "you'd be more okay if Beck asked out a girl.", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00145-00032602-00032829": "Oh my god, how many times do I have to say it?", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00146-00032842-00032966": "I don't care who you date!", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00147-00032979-00033203": "We broke up! Ask out any girl you want!", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00148-00033216-00033526": "See, I said, you should've just asked how Meredith!", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00149-00033540-00033690": "Meredith!", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00150-00034037-00034137": "Cat.", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00151-00034160-00034287": "[mumbling]", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00152-00034337-00034647": "You don't think I'm obnoxious and awful, do you?", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00153-00034754-00034861": "Well,", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00154-00034918-00035405": "[mumbling]", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00155-00035578-00035842": "You've got to take that gum out of your mouth.", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00156-00036549-00036679": "Bye.", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00157-00036793-00036896": "[sighing]", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00158-00036943-00037080": "I deserve this.", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00159-00037450-00037637": "His tush is lopsided!", "5lSVQNXtXeY-00160-00037650-00037801": "Don't look at it!"}}, {"audio_id": "5m6EgvLLbdg", "text": {"5m6EgvLLbdg-00000-00000288-00000927": "this is chapter 3 of the apocalypse awakening story but it's probably not a bad place to start", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00001-00000927-00001448": "if you haven't heard any of the other episodes you can start with this taster and go back to", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00002-00001448-00002064": "those later if you so wish the reason for that is because this is the beginning of a", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00003-00002064-00002752": "new character perspective at the start i said this was kind of like game of thrones and that's where", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00004-00002752-00003552": "we see the biggest similarity i follow multiple povs or point of view characters in this story", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00005-00003552-00004200": "and while doing so i try a different style of narration to suit the character", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00006-00004336-00005000": "i don't know if that's going to go well but if not it'll just be another blunder in the telling of", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00007-00005072-00005784": "apocalypse awakening an unconventional narration", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00008-00006720-00007184": "chapter 3 farewell party", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00009-00007392-00007888": "‘Where do you think you’re going, girl?’ Quidel tightened his grip around Emelia’s neck,", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00010-00007888-00008392": "pushing her further up the crumbling sand wall, lifting her feet off the ground. She struggled to", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00011-00008392-00008912": "suck in breath as her hearing went fuzzy, hands scrabbling uselessly against Quidel’s forearm.", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00012-00008968-00009528": "He leant forward, spit flying into her face as he spoke. ‘How did you get out of your cage?’", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00013-00009632-00010080": "Emelia was vaguely aware of Quidel’s spikey mohawk shark-finning at the bottom of her", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00014-00010080-00010528": "vision as her eyes rolled upwards. Barely felt his hand pinning her arm to the wall.", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00015-00010600-00011208": "‘You’ve certainly grown haven’t you, girl? I told Sawtooth he couldn’t let you get too big.", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00016-00011208-00011712": "We ought to have clipped your wings before you tried to fly away, like we should the others. I", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00017-00011712-00012352": "knew this would happen. He never listens to me. No one ever does.’ Quidel’s grip loosened, allowing", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00018-00012352-00012991": "Emelia to squeeze in precious gulps of air. Able to focus her eyes again. Hearing that bit better.", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00019-00012991-00013391": "‘I should be the one in charge here, you know that. You know that, don’t you?’", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00020-00013496-00013976": "Emelia knew Quidel wasn’t asking her the question. Ranting to himself as always,", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00021-00013976-00014512": "but she answered anyway. She was taking a risk talking without permission, but she had to try.", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00022-00014663-00014912": "‘Y…es,’ she gasped in between breaths.", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00023-00014976-00015336": "‘What?’ Quidel asked whipping his narrowed eyes back to hers,", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00024-00015336-00015640": "loosening his grip further. ‘Did you say yes?’", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00025-00015752-00016128": "Emelia paused as if to speak, inhaling as much as she could.", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00026-00016184-00016304": "‘Well? What did-’", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00027-00016304-00016704": "Emelia kicked upwards. Her right boot slammed into Quidel’s crotch,", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00028-00016704-00017296": "immediately followed by her left. Quidel’s eyes widened as he doubled over, mohawk swishing down", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00029-00017296-00017864": "with his head, too pained to scream. His muscles clenched, trapping Emelia’s dangling legs.", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00030-00017936-00018440": "They tumbled into a heap on the sandy floor. Emelia pushed away Quidel’s arms and lunged", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00031-00018440-00018936": "for his face, throwing her fists at everything below the man’s bright yellow hair. She didn’t", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00032-00018936-00019432": "really know how to hit, but at least her aim was good. She whacked Quidel below the eye, cracked", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00033-00019432-00020000": "him on the side of the nose and pummelled his jaw in quick, clumsy, succession. Quidel held up his", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00034-00020000-00020544": "arms, meagrely defending his battered face. His legs loosened enough to let Emelia squirm free.", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00035-00020600-00020776": "‘What’s going on down there?’", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00036-00020776-00021152": "Emelia jumped to her feet, yanking the knife out of Quidel’s belt pouch,", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00037-00021152-00021608": "and ran down the dark corridor away from the new voice. She would have liked to see", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00038-00021608-00022024": "her handiwork on Quidel’s face, but that would waste her one opportunity to escape.", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00039-00022080-00022472": "Her hands began to throb as she ran. She shouldn’t have hit him so hard.", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00040-00022528-00022920": "She saw a bright spot ahead. Even in the middle of the night, the drunken", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00041-00022920-00023408": "cheers and blaring horns thundered over the trucks as they roared, trying to batter the", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00042-00023408-00023864": "others to pieces in the arena. Emelia had never seen much of the spectacle,", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00043-00023864-00024296": "always by his side, too scared to look up and attract attention.", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00044-00024352-00024536": "Emelia reached the end of the corridor,", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00045-00024536-00024904": "wrapped her hand on a rusted pipe and pivoted around the corner, launching", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00046-00024904-00025368": "herself down the hallway and nearly stabbing herself with Quidel’s knife in the process.", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00047-00025368-00025864": "She bounded over the rough mix of sand and metal below her feet, knowing every second counted.", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00048-00025920-00026272": "The thick metal door at the bottom of the hall blocked her way.", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00049-00026272-00026856": "Emelia tapped, three fast raps followed by two slow ones, copying the knock she’d heard so", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00050-00026856-00027344": "many times before and wincing as her sore hands complained at this slightest abuse.", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00051-00027400-00027792": "The door opened and a pair of worried eyes and pursed lips peered out.", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00052-00027848-00028488": "Green. Emelia’s chest quivered as she took in a deep breath. Of all the scum in the place,", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00053-00028488-00028992": "this timid man was one of the few who’d never tried laying a hand on her. She’d", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00054-00028992-00029488": "promised herself to go through with this no matter what, but why couldn’t it have been someone else?", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00055-00029576-00029752": "‘You? Why are you-’", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00056-00029752-00030200": "Emelia thrust the knife into Green’s neck. The metal lodged firmly in his flesh,", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00057-00030200-00030752": "and she felt the scrape of bone jolt through the knife. Green fell back, eyes wide,", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00058-00030752-00031152": "pulling the door open with him. Emelia let the knife go as Green fell", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00059-00031152-00031600": "and wrapped her hand around the side of the swinging door. The door crunched her bruised", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00060-00031600-00032120": "hand against the metal frame. She managed to stifle her cry to a small whimper as pain", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00061-00032120-00032632": "rocketed through her right hand. At least she’d stopped the loud bang the door normally made.", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00062-00032736-00033352": "Emelia felt something weakly hit her leg. She looked down. Green’s hand flailed against her", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00063-00033352-00033872": "foot standing on his chest, the other struggling to grip the knife handle protruding from his neck.", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00064-00033944-00034440": "Emelia stepped back, avoiding the vacant expression beginning to form on Green’s face", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00065-00034440-00034848": "as the life seeped out of him. She had seen enough of that look before.", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00066-00034960-00035384": "‘Sorry,’ she mumbled, hearing the pointlessness of the word as it came out.", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00067-00035440-00035816": "Emelia gritted her teeth, tears threatening to overwhelm her.", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00068-00035816-00036440": "She ignored the pain. Told herself she did anyway. Knew there’d be plenty of time for that later.", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00069-00036512-00037064": "Emelia reached down to pull the knife out of Green’s neck. Found she couldn’t. Frowning,", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00070-00037064-00037688": "and with both hands, she pulled harder. The blood which only seeped out before now began to spill in", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00071-00037688-00038328": "big black spurts. The serrated edges of Quidel’s knife were making the removal an impossible task.", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00072-00038328-00038800": "Each tug loosed more blood, as the blade bored a gaping black and red hole.", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00073-00038864-00039336": "Emelia was beginning to feel sorry for herself as well as Green, out of breath,", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00074-00039336-00039944": "bare hands and wrists soaked in warm blood. She gave another tug and her grip slipped as", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00075-00039944-00040488": "she fell onto her backside. Blood soaked into her ragged shorts from the puddle of gore.", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00076-00040488-00040896": "She smacked the floor in frustration and yelped as her sore hand spasmed.", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00077-00040976-00041136": "‘Should we shut down the match?’", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00078-00041136-00041520": "A voice asked, floating through a grille built into the armoury’s wall.", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00079-00041600-00041952": "‘Are you joking? When my guy’s winning?", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00080-00041952-00042512": "I’m not letting Quidel’s sore nuts spread a panic. She’s only a girl for fuck’s sake.’", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00081-00042616-00043232": "Emelia’s stomach flipped. Sawtooth’s voice. Those were his glorious words.", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00082-00043288-00043784": "They must have dragged him from the throne overlooking the arena. She should run to him,", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00083-00043784-00044512": "so he could shield her. Keep her safe from…no. She wouldn't be his much longer. The Riders were", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00084-00044512-00045144": "coming and once here, she’d be taken away from the only good thing in her life. She had to find", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00085-00045144-00045688": "something else to replace it. Had to at least try, especially now that she’d killed for it.", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00086-00045752-00046120": "Emelia glanced around the room, scanning the racks of blades,", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00087-00046120-00046536": "guns, and stacks of ammunition before landing on the shelf of pistols.", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00088-00046592-00047216": "She plucked the double-barrelled blaster pistol from its depths. Her pistol. She clutched it to", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00089-00047216-00047696": "her chest and felt a warm relief spring forth from just holding the companion in her hand.", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00090-00047760-00048424": "The small handle and two oversized barrels, grooves and notches, wood and metal, fitted more", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00091-00048424-00049040": "naturally in her hands than anything else in the world. With the pistol back she was whole again.", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00092-00049096-00049680": "Could fight, even without Sawtooth by her side. Emelia vowed this time that she would", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00093-00049680-00050160": "never let it go, the same vow she made every time the weapon was in her hands.", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00094-00050224-00050328": "‘The armoury's open!’", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00095-00050384-00050744": "Emelia spun back to the guns and grabbed the right holster.", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00096-00050744-00051176": "She buckled it to her shorts and slid the pistol into its familiar home on her hip.", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00097-00051240-00051808": "She ran to the far door, away from Green’s leaking corpse, and carefully closed it behind her.", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00098-00051879-00052344": "Emelia thought she could make out faint scuffles coming from the armoury as she began running.", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00099-00052408-00052744": "A few moments later, the alarm screamed.", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00100-00052940-00053040": "***", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00101-00053040-00053184": "‘She’s not in here?’", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00102-00053184-00053384": "‘Did I fucking stutter?’", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00103-00053440-00053816": "‘Fine, fine. Just make sure I don't get any further interruptions.’", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00104-00053904-00054320": "Emelia hoped it was only dirt she smelt amongst the rubber as she strained to listen to the", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00105-00054320-00054912": "conversation. She watched Fuse’s men filter out of the garage between the lines of spiked motorbikes,", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00106-00054912-00055464": "armoured cars and buggies, all branded with Sawtooth’s red faced symbol. She’d been hiding", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00107-00055464-00056040": "for nearly half an hour, waiting for the search party’s inevitable sweep. Fuse was chatting to", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00108-00056040-00056552": "Rusk, taking so long Emelia was certain the oceans would reclaim the desert before he was finished.", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00109-00056640-00057055": "Emelia had spent so long locked away that she was normally good at waiting, but with", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00110-00057055-00057688": "the exit this close her patience was quickly running out. Patience. That was a nice word.", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00111-00057744-00058224": "At least the piercing alarm had finally stopped, giving Emelia’s ears some respite.", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00112-00058224-00058616": "The exits were one of the first places combed through when an alarm sounded,", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00113-00058616-00058984": "eager men jumping on the chance to find a runaway woman from the cells.", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00114-00059048-00059640": "Dirtbags, all of them, apart from Sawtooth of course. He was better than the scum he led.", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00115-00059728-00060240": "Fuse, wearing his backpack generator, was a particularly nasty brute whose fascination", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00116-00060240-00060672": "with the effects of electricity on Emelia’s body did not make for pleasant memories.", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00117-00060752-00061112": "She could only spend a few minutes alone with him before entering her shell.", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00118-00061224-00061791": "The big man grunted as he shifted his backpack. ‘What are you working on?’", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00119-00061791-00062191": "‘Fixing this bike first,’ Rusk replied without looking up from his work,", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00120-00062248-00062464": "‘then I’m going to start on that haul truck.’", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00121-00062560-00062864": "Emelia flattened herself as Fuse glanced her way.", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00122-00062952-00063040": "There was a pause.", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00123-00063184-00063552": "‘Large bloody truck. Sawtooth must have something big in mind.’", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00124-00063640-00064120": "‘Oh yes.’ Rusk replied in his typical monotone voice.", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00125-00064120-00064616": "‘There’s plans to bring unity to the whole area with that massive peace-keeping vessel.’", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00126-00064616-00065120": "‘Really?’ Fuse had never been good with sarcasm. Wasn’t good at much other than", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00127-00065120-00065712": "electrocuting things. Rusk didn’t bother to answer, allowing Fuse to realise his own blunder.", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00128-00065776-00066184": "‘Whatever.’ Fuse snapped. ‘Why are you working here so late?’", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00129-00066248-00066784": "‘Good point. I love welding in the middle of a scorching day. Really brings out a shine in me.’", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00130-00066904-00067480": "‘Alright, save the sass for someone who gives a shit.’ Fuse said as he slung the shock rifle out", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00131-00067480-00068024": "of his backpack, cord trailing from the butt of the gun to the generator. ‘Keep an eye out for the", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00132-00068024-00068624": "girl. Make sure you take her alive if she comes through here. Sawtooth was very keen on that.’", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00133-00068696-00069312": "‘Same to you.’ Rusk said, deadpan again. Everyone knew Fuse took his targets alive.", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00134-00069368-00069760": "After all, it was harder to make the dead dance with his electric currents.", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00135-00069848-00070240": "Fuse grinned as he stalked out of the room, rifle drooping by his side.", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00136-00070320-00070800": "Rusk slid the round tinted goggles back over his eyes and leant down to his work,", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00137-00070800-00071304": "back facing Emelia. He resumed the welding, flaring a lightning bright arc.", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00138-00071408-00071976": "Emelia let out a long breath she didn’t realise she’d been holding. She rose, wincing as her", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00139-00071976-00072552": "skin plucked free from the ridges of rubber. Her ratty t-shirt provided little protection against", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00140-00072552-00072984": "the massive grooves of the haul truck’s wheel that had wedged themselves into her soft body.", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00141-00073072-00073408": "She slid from the top of the tyre, twice the height of a man,", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00142-00073408-00073848": "and dropped the last metre, landing with a thump onto the oil-stained concrete.", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00143-00073912-00074096": "She twisted, heart beating.", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00144-00074176-00074672": "Rusk worked on, one hand holding the car’s frame while the other wielded the welding rod.", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00145-00074752-00075168": "Emelia crept towards him, pulling the double-barrelled pistol from her hip.", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00146-00075272-00075976": "She came up a car length away and took aim. Hesitated, then lowered the gun. Rusk had come", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00147-00075976-00076536": "to Emelia’s cell a few times before, breaking one of Sawtooth’s laws with scraps of food and kind", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00148-00076536-00077208": "words. She’d had no choice with Green. Perhaps this time she could save some blood being spilt.", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00149-00077296-00077664": "Emelia sidled to Rusk, gripping the pistol’s barrels,", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00150-00077664-00078000": "nearly falling backwards as she raised the heavy weapon overhead.", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00151-00078080-00078464": "Rusk paused his welding and turned. The wooden handle cracked against", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00152-00078464-00078880": "the side of his head. He grunted as he tumbled and Emelia clambered over him,", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00153-00078880-00079256": "kicking off the goggles from Rusk’s face, catching his nose in the process.", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00154-00079352-00079656": "‘Wait.’ Rusk grunted, moustache bloody.", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00155-00079720-00080272": "Emelia brought the handle down, whacking Rusk’s forehead against the floor. He went still.", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00156-00080376-00080800": "She turned the pudgy man onto his side, relieved to see he was still breathing", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00157-00080800-00081312": "bloody bubbles through his nose. She angled Rusk’s body, preventing the trails of blood", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00158-00081312-00081752": "trickling into his throat. That was about all she had for first-aid knowledge.", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00159-00081872-00082112": "It was the first time she’d saved a life,", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00160-00082112-00082544": "Emelia reflected as she ran between two work benches towards the garage exit.", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00161-00082632-00083048": "Then again, she’d been the reason his life was in danger, so not a great start.", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00162-00083168-00083680": "A cavernous mouth sat ahead. The exit of Sawtooth’s Rock, the metal parasite", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00163-00083680-00084296": "infecting its red dirt host, sat gaping open. Underneath a star-lit purple sky, the open", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00164-00084296-00084968": "expanse of desert beckoned. A strange feeling twitched at Emelia’s cheeks. She was smiling.", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00165-00085032-00085312": "‘Hey Rusk, forgot to tell you…the fuck?’", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00166-00085384-00085608": "Fuse had returned.", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00167-00085608-00086000": "Emelia ran harder, making for the closest vehicle to the exit.", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00168-00086000-00086384": "A big clunky car with armour she couldn’t quite remember the name of.", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00169-00086480-00087112": "A Humver? The first line of defence stood ready at the entrance in case of raiders. Not that", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00170-00087112-00087656": "there were likely to be any. Sawtooth had told Emelia his Imperial borders stretched far beyond", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00171-00087656-00088184": "her wildest imaginations and that his enemies were terrified of even the mention of his name.", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00172-00088264-00088720": "The Humver used to belong to some unknown army, a few flecks of blue paint", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00173-00088720-00089064": "still speckled on the sides where the desert sands hadn’t stripped it off.", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00174-00089136-00089504": "Emelia pulled the driver’s door open as quietly as possible.", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00175-00089504-00089984": "The inside was surprisingly spacious, and she dropped into the driver’s seat, scooting low.", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00176-00090072-00090368": "Fuse unwittingly followed Emelia towards the exit,", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00177-00090368-00090680": "voice creeping closer as he talked into his smart gauntlet.", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00178-00090744-00091288": "‘Rusk is down and bloody. The bitch must have made a run for it through the garage. No need to worry", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00179-00091288-00091832": "though. Only desert out there. Gather a few of the lads and we’ll start searching with bikes.’", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00180-00091944-00092584": "Emelia held her breath, holding the door ajar. Maybe Fuse would take Rusk to the medical room.", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00181-00092664-00092776": "‘Yeah, I’ll wait here.’", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00182-00092880-00093528": "When would she stop expecting life to be easy? Emelia sat up, shut and locked the door with a big", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00183-00093528-00094232": "clunk. She chose the Humver for one simple reason. It always had the key in it. Afterall, who would", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00184-00094232-00094752": "dare steal directly from Sawtooth? She hoped the driving part would come naturally to her.", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00185-00094824-00095384": "She twisted the key. The engine roared to life, its growls echoing off the garage walls.", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00186-00095440-00096040": "Emelia felt tingles as the mechanical rumble vibrated through her. This was no fantasy.", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00187-00096096-00096800": "No long-repeated dream to fill the endless nights and terrifying days. She was actually doing it!", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00188-00096800-00097120": "‘There she is!’ Fuse shouted pointlessly.", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00189-00097192-00097528": "Emelia pushed the pointer stick to the D symbol like she’d seen", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00190-00097528-00097944": "the men do before. Had made sure to memorise it, for this very moment.", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00191-00098000-00098504": "She pushed down the accelerator, her foot barely reaching the pedal. The seat was too far back.", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00192-00098560-00099096": "She yelped as the car leapt forward and swerved right, slamming into the wall. Her head whipped", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00193-00099096-00099688": "and banged against the horn, making the Humver honk in protest. Should have worn a seatbelt.", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00194-00099688-00100192": "Emelia sat up sluggishly, head buzzing, the Humver’s interior spinning around her.", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00195-00100272-00100600": "She fumbled with a sore hand. Buckled herself in.", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00196-00100664-00101144": "A face with a narrow jaw and large brow suddenly appeared at the driver window,", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00197-00101144-00101704": "a triumphant gleam in its eyes. Emelia jumped back as Fuse smiled at her.", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00198-00101776-00102360": "‘Got you now, girl,’ came the voice muffled by tempered glass. ‘You’ve an appointment", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00199-00102360-00102911": "with Sawtooth for being a cheeky bitch. Don’t worry, we have time to play together first.", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00200-00102983-00103600": "Just you, me, and some new toys of mine, prepared ‘specially for you.’", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00201-00103672-00104016": "He pulled the door handle. It didn’t budge.", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00202-00104096-00104592": "Fuse’s face switched from menacing grin to dumbfounded open mouth, slow on the uptake", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00203-00104592-00105264": "as always. Emelia realised she was being slow too, staring at her would-be tormentor. World", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00204-00105264-00105776": "slightly more stable now, Emelia tore her eyes from Fuse’s and shoved the stick to R.", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00205-00105872-00106432": "She struck her foot down and the car jolted backwards. Fuse yelped as he did the same,", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00206-00106432-00107008": "managing to pull away just in time from the spinning wheels and hurtling wing-mirrors. Emelia", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00207-00107008-00107520": "pushed the other pedal and stopped the Humver before it slammed into the fuel truck. She rammed", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00208-00107520-00108168": "the stick back to D and aimed the wheel, the tyres crunching beneath. She pressed the accelerator", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00209-00108168-00108768": "and the Humver sprang forward again, out of Fuse’s grasp, through the exit and into the sands beyond.", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00210-00108848-00109216": "Emelia pushed the brake, stopping the car with a sudden skid on the sand.", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00211-00109296-00109856": "She couldn’t just leave. The bikes would catch her on the open plain. She had to delay them.", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00212-00109928-00110583": "Emelia left the rumbling engine on, unbuckled her seatbelt and clambered to the back seats. Climbed.", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00213-00110680-00111256": "Fuse’s puzzled face gazed from the garage, his hand frozen on a dune buggy’s side. His", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00214-00111256-00111720": "eyes widened as he realised what she was planning. Emelia bared her teeth at him,", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00215-00111720-00112248": "then with both hands, gripped the handles and pivoted the Humver’s blaster turret towards him.", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00216-00112328-00112808": "She pulled the trigger and the turret shuddered violently against her bruised hands as it let", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00217-00112808-00113488": "loose a black shining blast towards the garage. Fuse dived out of the way as the shot exploded", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00218-00113488-00113959": "against the buggy, smashing its armoured side and sliding the whole vehicle back a metre.", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00219-00114024-00114544": "Emelia was thrown by the recoil and her waist whacked against the Humver’s roof, ghost of the", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00220-00114544-00115144": "blaster shot’s explosion ringing in her ears. Her hands throbbed from the turret’s harsh kickback,", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00221-00115144-00115768": "but she forced herself to grab the handles again. Ignoring Fuse, she swung the barrel left.", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00222-00115768-00116359": "Aimed at the chain holding up the men’s second line of defence. Quidel once called it a fancy", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00223-00116359-00116959": "name. Something like “porticully.” All she needed to know was that it was a big gate.", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00224-00117032-00117552": "She fired the turret, letting another blast hurtle through the air. The black mass of", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00225-00117552-00118111": "energy ripped into the roll of chain hanging above the gate. It sheered the metal apart,", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00226-00118111-00118768": "spewing loose chain links and red rock. A rolling, echoing crash resounded as the gate fell,", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00227-00118768-00119208": "wedging itself at an angle between the floor and it’s other, straining, half.", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00228-00119280-00119944": "Emelia turned her body, ever so slowly followed by her arms and then the stubborn, steaming turret", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00229-00119944-00120432": "that got heavier by the second. As she lined up the second roll of chains with the turret’s", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00230-00120432-00121080": "sights, she saw movement. She ducked as something small whipped through her hair. Fuse’s remaining", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00231-00121080-00121559": "shock darts pinged off the Humver’s armour, crackling in anger at having missed their target.", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00232-00121648-00122200": "Emelia, still crouched, pulled the trigger. The weapon slammed into her shoulder and flung her", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00233-00122200-00122735": "back into the Humver’s depths. The crash of the rest of the gate collapsing into place", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00234-00122735-00123272": "drubbed at her ears then fell silent, replaced by a high-pitched whining.", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00235-00123352-00124000": "For the second time that night, the world spun. Emelia pushed herself up. Collapsed as her left", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00236-00124000-00124640": "arm stayed still, the shoulder unresponsive. She hit the floor, whacking her eye against the metal.", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00237-00124640-00125183": "Emelia screamed, half in pain, half in anger at the constant abuse her body was receiving tonight.", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00238-00125272-00125632": "She was used to being beaten by others, not by her own mistakes.", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00239-00125720-00126152": "Using only her right arm, Emelia clambered through to the driver’s seat and fell", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00240-00126152-00126656": "into it. She glanced at her limp left arm. The shoulder had popped out of its socket.", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00241-00126744-00127056": "Three of Fuse’s backup arrived in the rear-view mirror,", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00242-00127056-00127688": "all trapped behind the gate’s thick bars. She saw Fuse’s face go red as he screamed abuse at the", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00243-00127688-00128311": "men. That sight alone brought back a triumphant surge within Emelia. A new rumble of life.", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00244-00128416-00129024": "The Humver’s stick was still in D, its engine humming away. Emelia made sure to buckle herself", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00245-00129024-00129616": "in and pushed the accelerator with her shoe’s tip, urging the car forward, steering with her one good", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00246-00129616-00130383": "arm. She drove, slowly at first, then faster and faster as the Rock shrunk and the desert grew.", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00247-00130480-00131088": "Her left eye began to close as it swelled. Her arm hung uselessly. Both hands throbbed,", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00248-00131088-00131416": "their bruised colour hidden beneath layers of dried blood.", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00249-00131488-00131864": "Emelia ignored it all and drove on into the dark night,", "5m6EgvLLbdg-00250-00131864-00133184": "the Humver’s beams cutting a path over the sand. She had never felt happier."}}, {"audio_id": "5mevw6DPlfk", "text": {"5mevw6DPlfk-00000-00000079-00000923": "Allahumma salli wa sallim wa barik ala sayyidina muhammadin wa ala alihi adada inamillahi wa ifdali", "5mevw6DPlfk-00001-00001019-00001219": "Audhu billahi min ash shaytanir rajim", "5mevw6DPlfk-00002-00001219-00001419": "Bismillahir rahmanir Rahim", "5mevw6DPlfk-00003-00001419-00001943": "We are at the end of Prophet Yakub (Jacob) Alaihissalam’s life. The year 3084 BCE.", "5mevw6DPlfk-00004-00001943-00002990": "Four years before this date, the last days of Yakub Alaihissalam begin with his visit to Yusuf (Joseph) Alaihissalam.", "5mevw6DPlfk-00005-00002990-00003707": "When Yakub Alaihissalam goes to Yusuf Alaihissalam for his last days, his children are also with him.", "5mevw6DPlfk-00006-00003707-00004816": "Hence, we can call this a state visit. As a result of the great breakthroughs that Yakub Alaihissalam made to Bani Israel,", "5mevw6DPlfk-00007-00004816-00006258": "especially in the last period of Yusuf Alaihissalam, he has taken the Religion of Islam under the influence of especially North Africa and Western Europe, and is going through a strong and powerful period again.", "5mevw6DPlfk-00008-00006258-00007534": "The same period also includes the last days of Yusuf Alaihissalam because as you know, Yusuf Alaihissalam will pass away about four months after the death of Yakub Alaihissalam.", "5mevw6DPlfk-00009-00007534-00008308": "Therefore, we will declare the process after the death of Yakub Alaihissalam, while talking about the end of Yusuf Alaihissalam, if Allah wills.", "5mevw6DPlfk-00010-00008308-00009845": "We said it was a state visit because Yusuf Alaihissalam is no longer in the role of being the ruler of Egypt, but a very influential figure in Egypt, the minister of finance but also the deputy ruler.", "5mevw6DPlfk-00011-00009845-00011891": "Therefore, they carry out that regional activity as a brother state. They intend to further develop the relations established with Egypt and to bring this development to a state regulation and to solve mutual relations with a formula for longer years.", "5mevw6DPlfk-00012-00011891-00012765": "Therefore, Yakub Alaihissalam goes to visit Yusuf Alaihissalam with his eleven children.", "5mevw6DPlfk-00013-00012765-00014151": "Yusuf Alaihissalam does not stand up for the expected honour of Yakub Alaihissalam in this visit because it is not right for statesmen to stand up against another person in the country where he lives.", "5mevw6DPlfk-00014-00014151-00015840": "Yusuf Alaihissalam chooses not to stand up with a mistake at this point so that Bani Israel or the people in that region do not say something like he showed special attention to his father, or something similar, so to speak.", "5mevw6DPlfk-00015-00015840-00017051": "Therefore, Yakub Alaihissalam’s heart is slightly broken from this moment on. We find a response of this heartbreak with a Prophet no longer coming from the children of Yusuf Alaihissalam.", "5mevw6DPlfk-00016-00017051-00018217": "This situation emerges as one of the most important records of obedience to parents and the respect and importance to be shown to them in history.", "5mevw6DPlfk-00017-00018217-00019402": "Yusuf Alaihissalam has spread the Religion of Islam in Egypt. He is aware of the existence of the Pharaohs who will come after him. He constantly warns his ummah about this.", "5mevw6DPlfk-00018-00019402-00020674": "With Yusuf Alaihissalam not standing up, the fact that a Prophet will not come after him is perhaps a harbinger of the troubled days that Moses Alaihissalam will live in the region.", "5mevw6DPlfk-00019-00020674-00021958": "For four years, Yakub Alaihissalam stays with Yusuf Alaihissalam, helping Yusuf Alaihissalam in his last days. The brothers of Yusuf Alaihissalam run the state administration on the Israeli side.", "5mevw6DPlfk-00020-00021958-00022981": "Egypt is struggling for Israel to spread Islam in peace, and at this point, we see Egypt fall behind at some times.", "5mevw6DPlfk-00021-00022981-00024122": "Especially the efforts of Yusuf Alaihissalam to support his brothers each time causes a saying such as, “He favours his brothers”, by the Egyptian people.", "5mevw6DPlfk-00022-00024122-00025269": "This saddens Yusuf Alaihissalam quite a lot because his sayings of this being an Islamic dawah (invitation) is getting harder and harder for the public to understand.", "5mevw6DPlfk-00023-00025269-00026260": "In this period, the brothers of Prophet Yusuf Alaihissalam, on the other hand, struggle to spread Islam in the geography from Northern Anatolia to Southern Anatolia,", "5mevw6DPlfk-00024-00026260-00026883": "up to Caucasus, up to the inner parts, and to prevent the biggest problems that can oppose Islam.", "5mevw6DPlfk-00025-00026883-00028065": "While struggling for the spread of religion with new trade routes, the communities this time say that the sons of Yakub Alaihissalam are doing this job for money,", "5mevw6DPlfk-00026-00028065-00029201": "and that with Yusuf Alaihissalam being in Egypt, and the other children of Yakub Alaihissalam continuing to rule over today’s Israel, they continue to say how beneficial this is for their own worldly interests.", "5mevw6DPlfk-00027-00029201-00030352": "So that this stage can be clarified for both himself and his ummah, Yakub Alaihissalam intends to go on the pilgrimage in the last days of his life, in the last period of his life.", "5mevw6DPlfk-00028-00030352-00031260": "This pilgrimage brings together him together with the children of Prophet Ishmael. He gathers their hands together.", "5mevw6DPlfk-00029-00031260-00031867": "The ten children of Yusuf Alaihissalam come to this pilgrimage. Yusuf Alaihissalam cannot come.", "5mevw6DPlfk-00030-00031867-00032971": "He has to be in charge for the state administration. However, during this period, Yakub Alaihissalam says that the brothers should hold hands and make a promise not to be separated.", "5mevw6DPlfk-00031-00032971-00034388": "Because he tries to express that although Bani Israel has achieved a great success in the north, unless they act together with the Sons of Ishmael in the southern region, there will be a great loss.", "5mevw6DPlfk-00032-00034388-00035780": "Of course, this situation will unfortunately be forgotten for a long time and this forgotten period will now gradually come to our agenda with the death of Yusuf Alaihissalam.", "5mevw6DPlfk-00033-00035780-00037941": "On the return of the pilgrimage, Yakub Alaihissalam is with Yusuf Alaihissalam until the last forty days. He continues to say goodness to the ummah. He informs about the fitnah (strife) that will occur in the future. For, the strifes he tells to Yusuf Alaihissalam will later appear before the death of Yusuf Alaihissalam.", "5mevw6DPlfk-00034-00037941-00038992": "Yakub Alaihissalam looks far away and says that the world could go towards a great chaos. His efforts to underline and emphasise brotherhood,", "5mevw6DPlfk-00035-00038992-00039560": "especially on the pilgrimage, must not have been understood by many masses.", "5mevw6DPlfk-00036-00039560-00040618": "He has been trying to express the situation in words in silence many times in his last forty days. He tries to warn Bani Israel in different ways, so to speak.", "5mevw6DPlfk-00037-00040618-00041457": "Yakub Alaihissalam realises that he must leave this town in the last forty days before his death.", "5mevw6DPlfk-00038-00041457-00042578": "Because he does not want to stay in Egypt before he dies. He gets ready to set out within the remaining forty days and as he goes on that journey, Yusuf Alaihissalam asks him, “My father, where are you going?”", "5mevw6DPlfk-00039-00042578-00043376": "Yakub Alaihissalam is in his last days, of course no one knows this, but Yakub Alaihissalam is aware of this.", "5mevw6DPlfk-00040-00043376-00044154": "He asks why he is going. And Yakub Alaihissalam answers as follows, \"I saw the sun entering the Kaaba in Mecca.\"", "5mevw6DPlfk-00041-00044154-00045531": "The sun entering the Kaaba is the death of a great person. It is also a great chaos of the world. Because the sun coming to the manifestation centre of Allah Almighty is the harbinger of a great process of change.", "5mevw6DPlfk-00042-00045531-00046172": "Sun is change. If it enters the Kaaba, it means that this change will cause harm to the world.", "5mevw6DPlfk-00043-00046172-00046986": "“You will not be able to get out of here.” says Yakub Alaihissalam to Yusuf Alaihissalam. “But the others will get out of here.”", "5mevw6DPlfk-00044-00046986-00047664": "What he meant as the others is of course the things that will happen during and after Moses Alaihissalam.", "5mevw6DPlfk-00045-00047664-00048468": "When he was brought to be buried next to the grave of Isaac Alaihissalam, he had three or four days left remaining.", "5mevw6DPlfk-00046-00048468-00049120": "Yakub Alaihissalam brings his other children next to him to declare goodness on the wall he is leaning against.", "5mevw6DPlfk-00047-00049120-00049701": "I am leaving with a longing again, he says. He declares his stay away from Yusuf Alaihissalam.", "5mevw6DPlfk-00048-00049701-00050564": "I am going to a longing again, he says. He explains the meeting he will live with the Messenger of Allah Alaihissalatu Wassalam,", "5mevw6DPlfk-00049-00050564-00051162": "the Prophets who came before him, those who will come after him and the meeting he will live with Allah Dhul-Jalal.", "5mevw6DPlfk-00050-00051162-00052087": "This whole process causes us to be aware of Yusuf Alaihissalam in the same period, before the big divergence in history.", "5mevw6DPlfk-00051-00052087-00053038": "In other words, before filling that gap which is filled with false phrases that have been told to us in history books, we will have to briefly mention Yusuf Alaihissalam,", "5mevw6DPlfk-00052-00053038-00053974": "which at that moment will show us signs of Gog Magog and even Dhul-Qarnayn Alaihissalam.", "5mevw6DPlfk-00053-00053974-00054703": "Our last stop will be Yusuf Alaihissalam before we go to that great divergence moment of history.", "5mevw6DPlfk-00054-00054703-00055653": "If Allah grants, we will be telling about himself, his life, his death and his era. Of course, that will be for tomorrow and the days after that, inshaallah.", "5mevw6DPlfk-00055-00055653-00055848": "See you tomorrow.", "5mevw6DPlfk-00056-00055848-00055939": "Take care."}}, {"audio_id": "5mSqu8znICc", "text": {"5mSqu8znICc-00000-00000025-00000233": "My first small step was getting a co-op", "5mSqu8znICc-00001-00000233-00000467": "at NASA Johnson Space Center.", "5mSqu8znICc-00002-00000467-00000813": "My second small step was leaving NASA and", "5mSqu8znICc-00003-00000813-00001134": "joining a small business in commercial space.", "5mSqu8znICc-00004-00001134-00001518": "My third small step was joining Blue Origin,", "5mSqu8znICc-00005-00001518-00001914": "a larger commercial space company", "5mSqu8znICc-00006-00001914-00002414": "The Giant Leap was, honestly, coming to Purdue.", "5mSqu8znICc-00007-00002414-00002673": "I distinctly remember the first moment", "5mSqu8znICc-00008-00002673-00002844": "when I said to myself,", "5mSqu8znICc-00009-00002844-00003128": "\"I can do this - I can be an aerospace engineer.\"", "5mSqu8znICc-00010-00003128-00003307": "I'm Christie Iacomini.", "5mSqu8znICc-00011-00003307-00003449": "I received my bachelor's", "5mSqu8znICc-00012-00003449-00003837": "in astronautics and aeronautics in 1993,", "5mSqu8znICc-00013-00003837-00003958": "and I'm a Purdue engineer."}}, {"audio_id": "5mZCKCtZUzk", "text": {"5mZCKCtZUzk-00000-00000000-00000200": "Stack in  list"}}, {"audio_id": "5mZQlKVeGdy", "text": {"5mZQlKVeGdy-00000-00000000-00039200": "🌟 🇺🇸 Russian folk costumes for adults — Shop GrandStart.ru 🌟"}}, {"audio_id": "5nd8OFSOtNu", "text": {"5nd8OFSOtNu-00000-00000000-00000200": "ការ ចាប់ខ្លួនធ្វើទារុណកម្មយុវជនខ្មែរក្រោម"}}, {"audio_id": "5n5PaxCvKnk", "text": {"5n5PaxCvKnk-00000-00000016-00001234": "[FREE] KanKan x Glo TypeBeat \"Zzzz\""}}, {"audio_id": "5n70cb1XYrQ", "text": {"5n70cb1XYrQ-00000-00000000-00000200": "Subscribe! Like) good luck!"}}, {"audio_id": "5nh2HZliAxA", "text": {"5nh2HZliAxA-00000-00000739-00001128": "After Michelle Wolf Attacks, Reporter Reveals Sarah’s ‘Private Comment’ At WHCD", "5nh2HZliAxA-00001-00001128-00001775": "White House press secretary Sarah Huckabee Sanders was ruthlessly attacked by comedian", "5nh2HZliAxA-00002-00001775-00002194": "Michelle Wolf on Saturday night at the White House Correspondents’ Dinner in Washington,", "5nh2HZliAxA-00003-00002194-00002294": "D.C.", "5nh2HZliAxA-00004-00002294-00002736": "Now, two days later, White House reporter Benny Johnson has come forward to reveal the", "5nh2HZliAxA-00005-00002736-00003156": "“private comment” Sanders made to him after she endured Wolf’s verbal assault.", "5nh2HZliAxA-00006-00003156-00003633": "According to The Daily Wire, at Saturday night’s White House Correspondents’ Dinner, so-called", "5nh2HZliAxA-00007-00003633-00004072": "comedian Michelle Wolf joked about killing babies, used an inordinate amount of curse", "5nh2HZliAxA-00008-00004072-00004618": "words, and attacked White House press secretary Sarah Huckabee Sanders’ faith and appearance.", "5nh2HZliAxA-00009-00004618-00005019": "Reporters and politicos from both sides of the aisle condemned the attack on Sanders,", "5nh2HZliAxA-00010-00005019-00005496": "who was sitting only feet away from Wolf at the time she delivered the harsh remarks.", "5nh2HZliAxA-00011-00005496-00005912": "Sanders looked visibly upset at the time of the remarks, but she sat stoically and said", "5nh2HZliAxA-00012-00005912-00006414": "nothing, refusing to let Wolf win by becoming emotional or storming out of the event.", "5nh2HZliAxA-00013-00006414-00006822": "The White House press secretary has yet to make a public statement regarding Wolf’s", "5nh2HZliAxA-00014-00006822-00007277": "comments, but a reporter from The Daily Caller, Benny Johnson, recalled her reaction in a", "5nh2HZliAxA-00015-00007277-00007458": "now-viral Facebook post.", "5nh2HZliAxA-00016-00007458-00007890": "“I was in the room last night when that wretched, leftist ‘comedian’ began attacking", "5nh2HZliAxA-00017-00007890-00008148": "Sarah Sanders to her face,” wrote Johnson.", "5nh2HZliAxA-00018-00008148-00008331": "“It was disgusting.", "5nh2HZliAxA-00019-00008331-00008745": "You could not really see it on TV, but virtually no one in the room was laughing.", "5nh2HZliAxA-00020-00008745-00009243": "I saw even some of the most liberal reporters in the profession cringe with disgust.", "5nh2HZliAxA-00021-00009243-00009705": "If a conservative comedian was so vicious to a working mother in the Obama administration,", "5nh2HZliAxA-00022-00009705-00009980": "they would never get a job in the industry again.", "5nh2HZliAxA-00023-00009980-00010237": "The organizers of the dinner would have cut their mic.", "5nh2HZliAxA-00024-00010237-00010523": "The double standard is sickening,” he continued.", "5nh2HZliAxA-00025-00010523-00010972": "“However, there is something you must know about Sarah Sanders: She is a better and bigger", "5nh2HZliAxA-00026-00010972-00011292": "person than the sad leftists who attack her,” added Johnson.", "5nh2HZliAxA-00027-00011292-00011848": "“At the MSNBC after-party, I spoke with high-ranking members of Sarah’s staff.", "5nh2HZliAxA-00028-00011848-00012265": "They were disgusted by the remarks — and tell me that the plan was for Sarah to walk-out", "5nh2HZliAxA-00029-00012265-00012454": "if they got too personal.", "5nh2HZliAxA-00030-00012454-00012622": "Sarah however, stayed firm.", "5nh2HZliAxA-00031-00012622-00013047": "‘I don’t know how she does it,’ one of her closest confidants told me, ‘She", "5nh2HZliAxA-00032-00013047-00013315": "kills them with kindness — she puts up with it.", "5nh2HZliAxA-00033-00013315-00013602": "Good-hearted American people see that – and then she wins.'”", "5nh2HZliAxA-00034-00013602-00014051": "“Members of the White House press corp tell me they were sending Sarah a flower basket", "5nh2HZliAxA-00035-00014051-00014358": "today — they felt so bad,” Johnson wrote.", "5nh2HZliAxA-00036-00014358-00014648": "“Then, Sarah Sanders walks into the party.", "5nh2HZliAxA-00037-00014648-00014826": "The MSNBC party.", "5nh2HZliAxA-00038-00014826-00015283": "A network that lives to savage and promote the godless vitriol that just attacked her.", "5nh2HZliAxA-00039-00015283-00015386": "Guess what?", "5nh2HZliAxA-00040-00015386-00015577": "Sarah Sanders was smiling.", "5nh2HZliAxA-00041-00015577-00015677": "She owned it.", "5nh2HZliAxA-00042-00015677-00016065": "I asked her about the attack and she shrugged with a smile and just said the attacks didn’t", "5nh2HZliAxA-00043-00016065-00016349": "bother her and that she’s praying for the comedian.", "5nh2HZliAxA-00044-00016349-00016601": "That is the kind of woman she is,” he added.", "5nh2HZliAxA-00045-00016601-00017009": "“Flying into a city to cheap-shot a working mother to her face in front of a room of one", "5nh2HZliAxA-00046-00017009-00017448": "thousand journalists because you disagree with her politically is not brave,” concluded", "5nh2HZliAxA-00047-00017448-00017548": "Johnson.", "5nh2HZliAxA-00048-00017548-00017789": "“It’s the definition of a coward and a bully.", "5nh2HZliAxA-00049-00017789-00018063": "Putting up with it and forgiving that person afterward?", "5nh2HZliAxA-00050-00018063-00018204": "That is real power.", "5nh2HZliAxA-00051-00018204-00018323": "That is strength.", "5nh2HZliAxA-00052-00018323-00018448": "That is class.", "5nh2HZliAxA-00053-00018448-00018614": "That is Sarah Sanders.”", "5nh2HZliAxA-00054-00018614-00018714": "Wow!", "5nh2HZliAxA-00055-00018714-00018870": "Johnson put it beautifully.", "5nh2HZliAxA-00056-00018870-00019291": "In the face of uncalled for and unwarranted attacks by the left, Sarah Sanders came out", "5nh2HZliAxA-00057-00019291-00019479": "on top once again.", "5nh2HZliAxA-00058-00019479-00020910": "She is the picture of grace, class, and character — a true role model."}}, {"audio_id": "5nwMZYMlfmQ", "text": {"5nwMZYMlfmQ-00000-00000053-00000445": "Let's say we have a 2 dimensional plane and two classes of objects", "5nwMZYMlfmQ-00001-00000445-00000671": "And we want to put a border between them.", "5nwMZYMlfmQ-00002-00000671-00000811": "We can change the width", "5nwMZYMlfmQ-00003-00000811-00001211": "or we can play with the orientation.", "5nwMZYMlfmQ-00004-00001211-00001496": "Our goal is to find a border as wide as possible", "5nwMZYMlfmQ-00005-00001496-00001673": "an keep the objects separated.", "5nwMZYMlfmQ-00006-00001673-00001995": "Let’s do an example for only two objects", "5nwMZYMlfmQ-00007-00001995-00002157": "But some background first.", "5nwMZYMlfmQ-00008-00002157-00002636": "A hyperplane can be represented by a normal vector w and a scalar b.", "5nwMZYMlfmQ-00009-00002636-00002907": "The normal vector determines the orientation.", "5nwMZYMlfmQ-00010-00002907-00003332": "The bias, on the other hand, controls the displacement from the origin.", "5nwMZYMlfmQ-00011-00003332-00003759": "The margin I mentioned before can be described by using two hyperplanes.", "5nwMZYMlfmQ-00012-00003759-00004139": "By changing the angle of the normal vector, we can rotate the margin.", "5nwMZYMlfmQ-00013-00004139-00004575": "Or, if we want to shift, we can increase or decrease the bias.", "5nwMZYMlfmQ-00014-00004575-00005089": "It is an easy exercise to show that the width of the margin is 2 divided by the length of", "5nwMZYMlfmQ-00015-00005089-00005193": "the normal vector.", "5nwMZYMlfmQ-00016-00005193-00005706": "This means that the width is reversely proportional to the length of the normal vector.", "5nwMZYMlfmQ-00017-00005706-00005985": "Now it is time for notations.", "5nwMZYMlfmQ-00018-00005985-00006279": "We denote the coordinates with x_1 and x_2.", "5nwMZYMlfmQ-00019-00006279-00006547": "and we use y_1 and y_2 to describe the labels.", "5nwMZYMlfmQ-00020-00006547-00006883": "We are using plus minus one for the labels.", "5nwMZYMlfmQ-00021-00006883-00007175": "This is a crucial step in the algorithm.", "5nwMZYMlfmQ-00022-00007175-00007406": "Let's construct the optimization problem.", "5nwMZYMlfmQ-00023-00007406-00007688": "We want to maximize the width of the margin", "5nwMZYMlfmQ-00024-00007688-00008034": "which means the length of the normal vector should be minimized.", "5nwMZYMlfmQ-00025-00008034-00008364": "To get rid of the square roots, we square the norm.", "5nwMZYMlfmQ-00026-00008364-00008703": "What about the constraints: well we have two.", "5nwMZYMlfmQ-00027-00008703-00009073": "first, the plus class object should be above the border.", "5nwMZYMlfmQ-00028-00009073-00009353": "and the minus class object should be below the border.", "5nwMZYMlfmQ-00029-00009353-00009636": "If we multiply the constraints with their class labels,", "5nwMZYMlfmQ-00030-00009636-00009979": "the inequalities become very similar and easy to work with.", "5nwMZYMlfmQ-00031-00009979-00010147": "At the end, we reach", "5nwMZYMlfmQ-00032-00010147-00010315": "this optimization problem.", "5nwMZYMlfmQ-00033-00010315-00010675": "To solve it we multiply the inequalities with", "5nwMZYMlfmQ-00034-00010675-00010890": "Lagrange multipliers to create", "5nwMZYMlfmQ-00035-00010890-00011078": "the primal-dual form.", "5nwMZYMlfmQ-00036-00011078-00011192": "Karush-Kuhn-Tucker conditions", "5nwMZYMlfmQ-00037-00011192-00011422": "for this form is as follows:", "5nwMZYMlfmQ-00038-00011422-00011806": "the partial derivatives with respect to the normal vector and", "5nwMZYMlfmQ-00039-00011806-00012017": "bias is zero.", "5nwMZYMlfmQ-00040-00012017-00012270": "Lagrange multipliers alpha are non-negative.", "5nwMZYMlfmQ-00041-00012270-00012652": "and the multiplication of alpha with the inequalities are zero.", "5nwMZYMlfmQ-00042-00012652-00012752": "If we take", "5nwMZYMlfmQ-00043-00012752-00012852": "the derivatives and", "5nwMZYMlfmQ-00044-00012852-00013095": "plug them into the primal-dual form", "5nwMZYMlfmQ-00045-00013095-00013294": "we get the dual form", "5nwMZYMlfmQ-00046-00013294-00013394": "If we put", "5nwMZYMlfmQ-00047-00013394-00013518": "the knowns into", "5nwMZYMlfmQ-00048-00013518-00013618": "the dual form,", "5nwMZYMlfmQ-00049-00013618-00013820": "we get a very simple polynomial", "5nwMZYMlfmQ-00050-00013820-00013920": "from which", "5nwMZYMlfmQ-00051-00013920-00014268": "the optimum Lagrange multipliers", "5nwMZYMlfmQ-00052-00014268-00014593": "alpha_1 and alpha_2 are determined.", "5nwMZYMlfmQ-00053-00014593-00014999": "Then we can go back to find the normal vector w.", "5nwMZYMlfmQ-00054-00014999-00015268": "To determine the bias, we need to use the", "5nwMZYMlfmQ-00055-00015268-00015456": "nonzero lagrange multipliers.", "5nwMZYMlfmQ-00056-00015456-00015868": "In our case, for each one, b turns out to be zero.", "5nwMZYMlfmQ-00057-00015868-00016022": "To summarize,", "5nwMZYMlfmQ-00058-00016022-00016187": "for the objects shown here,", "5nwMZYMlfmQ-00059-00016187-00016629": "we found the largest margin by solving an optimization problem.", "5nwMZYMlfmQ-00060-00016629-00017202": "If you want to see more examples, please let me know by writing your comments down below."}}, {"audio_id": "5nVNyuEh09o", "text": {"5nVNyuEh09o-00000-00000000-00000470": "Since Mad Frog won the Blizzard WorldWide Invitational in 2004,", "5nVNyuEh09o-00001-00000470-00000838": "a lot of Undead stars have risen,", "5nVNyuEh09o-00002-00000838-00001140": "In Europe, we have Happy.", "5nVNyuEh09o-00003-00001140-00001434": "In Korea, there are six Kings of Undead.", "5nVNyuEh09o-00004-00001434-00001746": "But many of them were retired, until 2012,", "5nVNyuEh09o-00005-00001746-00002146": "After TeD won WCG 2012,", "5nVNyuEh09o-00006-00002146-00002538": "the embarrassed status of Undead finally was changed.", "5nVNyuEh09o-00007-00002538-00002842": "Warcraft III, UPRISING.", "5nVNyuEh09o-00008-00002842-00003176": "In that year of TeD won the title, actually most of the people didn't expect it before that,", "5nVNyuEh09o-00009-00003176-00003544": "because TeD was retired once before that.", "5nVNyuEh09o-00010-00003544-00004076": "However, TeD came back and played, and he won the title, the journey was very hard.", "5nVNyuEh09o-00011-00004076-00004622": "I really like TeD,", "5nVNyuEh09o-00012-00004622-00005130": "at the first time I met him, I told him,", "5nVNyuEh09o-00013-00005130-00005790": "I think you are the best Undead player in the world,", "5nVNyuEh09o-00014-00005790-00005998": "and it's really happened.", "5nVNyuEh09o-00015-00005998-00006344": "Here is the WCG 2012 Grand Final,", "5nVNyuEh09o-00016-00006344-00006650": "BM is in danger, did he buy a heal potion?", "5nVNyuEh09o-00017-00006650-00006904": "GG! He calls GG!", "5nVNyuEh09o-00018-00006904-00007214": "TeD wins the game!", "5nVNyuEh09o-00019-00007214-00007664": "The first Undead champion on WCG history!", "5nVNyuEh09o-00020-00007818-00008058": "On this journey,", "5nVNyuEh09o-00021-00008058-00008482": "he beat Lyn, Fly100%, Moon,", "5nVNyuEh09o-00022-00008482-00009068": "As an Undead player, we didn't dare to expect that we could have an Undead player be on the stage of WCG Grand Final.", "5nVNyuEh09o-00023-00009068-00009414": "A lot of fans always treat the player as himself,", "5nVNyuEh09o-00024-00009414-00010104": "and our favourite players are doing what we couldn't make it.", "5nVNyuEh09o-00025-00010104-00010590": "TeD did the thing that we wanted.", "5nVNyuEh09o-00026-00010740-00011308": "Nowadays, we have a new rising Undead, 120!", "5nVNyuEh09o-00027-00011308-00011925": "For me, 120 is smart, young, and haki. [Haki: A word in onepiece, means like domineering.]", "5nVNyuEh09o-00028-00011926-00012260": "My teammate, 120,", "5nVNyuEh09o-00029-00012260-00012604": "he is a terrible opponent in the game,", "5nVNyuEh09o-00030-00012604-00013176": "he let me feel like, how can a Human be terrible like this?", "5nVNyuEh09o-00031-00013176-00013626": "Although he is terrible in the game,", "5nVNyuEh09o-00032-00013626-00013988": "he is different in real life.", "5nVNyuEh09o-00033-00013988-00014394": "Although there is a language barrier between Chinese and Korean,", "5nVNyuEh09o-00034-00014394-00014962": "but he will help us to practice, and give us many suggestions.", "5nVNyuEh09o-00035-00014962-00015372": "Why could 120 rise as a new player?", "5nVNyuEh09o-00036-00015372-00015550": "The reason is his mindset,", "5nVNyuEh09o-00037-00015550-00015882": "he wants to win, and he wants to get the championship.", "5nVNyuEh09o-00038-00015882-00016378": "Many people think 120 is good on micro only,", "5nVNyuEh09o-00039-00016378-00016736": "however he has proved many times that he is also good in macro, strategies, especially in this patch.", "5nVNyuEh09o-00040-00016736-00017130": "As you saw, he has no problem on expanding,", "5nVNyuEh09o-00041-00017130-00017406": "and he also good in multi screen micro.", "5nVNyuEh09o-00042-00017406-00018198": "I chose team Newbee, 90% of the reason is 120.", "5nVNyuEh09o-00043-00018198-00018440": "[He speaks in Chinese suddenly...] The game is hard, very hard.", "5nVNyuEh09o-00044-00018440-00018660": "I am Newbee.eer0 (120).", "5nVNyuEh09o-00045-00018660-00018924": "I started playing as professional player since 2015,", "5nVNyuEh09o-00046-00018924-00019202": "I won a few titles in recent years,", "5nVNyuEh09o-00047-00019202-00019618": "and the most impressive championships for me are the WGL Autumn 2016, and WGL Summer 2017.", "5nVNyuEh09o-00048-00019618-00020056": "it's very hard to defend your champion.", "5nVNyuEh09o-00049-00020160-00020352": "Silence.", "5nVNyuEh09o-00050-00020352-00020492": "BM's down!", "5nVNyuEh09o-00051-00020492-00020860": "I didn't see it clearly, it's too fast!", "5nVNyuEh09o-00052-00020860-00021052": "GG!", "5nVNyuEh09o-00053-00021052-00021208": "Congratulations to 120.", "5nVNyuEh09o-00054-00021208-00021644": "Finally he won his first championship. (He won the WGL Championship.)", "5nVNyuEh09o-00055-00021644-00022300": "As an Undead player, I may say, he has defended his championship. I guess I am right.", "5nVNyuEh09o-00056-00022300-00022458": "MK dies.", "5nVNyuEh09o-00057-00022458-00022676": "Under this situation, I guess Infi will lose the game.", "5nVNyuEh09o-00058-00022676-00022914": "GG! 120 wins the title!", "5nVNyuEh09o-00059-00022914-00023180": "120 has 1 silver, and 2 golds in WGL.", "5nVNyuEh09o-00060-00023180-00023502": "On the history of WGL, he is the best player.", "5nVNyuEh09o-00061-00023502-00024118": "Usually, when WGL went to Ro16 or Ro8, I was the only Undead player most of the time,", "5nVNyuEh09o-00062-00024118-00024592": "so I am carrying the hope of the Undead,", "5nVNyuEh09o-00063-00024592-00025162": "I need to achieve a good result for the fans of the Undead.", "5nVNyuEh09o-00064-00025162-00025478": "A few years ago, when I just started playing as professional player,", "5nVNyuEh09o-00065-00025478-00025745": "the strength at that time was definitely lower than it is now.", "5nVNyuEh09o-00066-00025745-00026110": "At the time, I had only very few practice partners,", "5nVNyuEh09o-00067-00026110-00026722": "I could only watch the replays myself to summarize reasons why I lost the game.", "5nVNyuEh09o-00068-00026722-00027158": "Many people thought I am the leader of the young generation,", "5nVNyuEh09o-00069-00027158-00027716": "but comparing with players of the same age, I think I am more confident.", "5nVNyuEh09o-00070-00027716-00027932": "When I am facing the old players,", "5nVNyuEh09o-00071-00027932-00028118": "I feel we are equal,", "5nVNyuEh09o-00072-00028118-00028314": "I am not afraid of them.", "5nVNyuEh09o-00073-00028316-00028532": "I joined team Newbee in this year,", "5nVNyuEh09o-00074-00028532-00028850": "I hope I can play with my teammates,", "5nVNyuEh09o-00075-00028850-00029160": "try our best to get a championship for our team.", "5nVNyuEh09o-00076-00029268-00029510": "WE always have at least a genius in every game, every generation,", "5nVNyuEh09o-00077-00029510-00029700": "including Warcraft III.", "5nVNyuEh09o-00078-00029700-00030450": "Leading by 120, the young generation are showing themselves in Warcraft III,", "5nVNyuEh09o-00079-00030450-00030888": "We believe, in the future, these young players will be stronger, more perfect,", "5nVNyuEh09o-00080-00030888-00031045": "and they will build their own legend.", "5nVNyuEh09o-00081-00031045-00031554": "And Warcraft III, with the release of Reforged Edition, it will be reborn."}}, {"audio_id": "5nbIqwvH-tE", "text": {"5nbIqwvH-tE-00000-00000700-00000859": "Since the glaciers melted", "5nbIqwvH-tE-00001-00000859-00001245": "leaving behind the drumlin-field that has now been", "5nbIqwvH-tE-00002-00001245-00001736": "partially drowned by rising seas as well as a lot of islands that are comprised a", "5nbIqwvH-tE-00003-00001736-00001809": "bedrock.", "5nbIqwvH-tE-00004-00001809-00002272": "There's been many erras of human use of the Boston Harbor Islands.", "5nbIqwvH-tE-00005-00002272-00002675": "For more than a millennium Native Americans", "5nbIqwvH-tE-00006-00002675-00003060": "we're out here hunting and fishing in living and playing", "5nbIqwvH-tE-00007-00003060-00003498": "and utilizing many of the harbour island's shores", "5nbIqwvH-tE-00008-00003498-00003811": "marshes and forests.", "5nbIqwvH-tE-00009-00003811-00004193": "Fast forward to the sixteen hundreds", "5nbIqwvH-tE-00010-00004193-00004550": "and the early colonists made Boston Harbor very busy place.", "5nbIqwvH-tE-00011-00004550-00004885": "Of course at that time the harbor itself and the rivers", "5nbIqwvH-tE-00012-00004885-00005321": "where the highways so Boston Harbor was extremely important for them", "5nbIqwvH-tE-00013-00005321-00005723": "as a source resources most to the islands were used", "5nbIqwvH-tE-00014-00005723-00006257": "for timbering or agriculture. Sheep and other livestock were used were grazed", "5nbIqwvH-tE-00015-00006257-00006314": "out here", "5nbIqwvH-tE-00016-00006314-00006647": "and many in the early forests were cut down for fuel.", "5nbIqwvH-tE-00017-00006781-00006992": "Then as Boston became", "5nbIqwvH-tE-00018-00006992-00007473": "more populous and more active the harbor islands became important", "5nbIqwvH-tE-00019-00007473-00007884": "for many of the things that we're not seen as appropriate or desirable", "5nbIqwvH-tE-00020-00007884-00008254": "in the city itself such as quarantine stations,", "5nbIqwvH-tE-00021-00008254-00008649": "immigration stations, hospitals and prisons.", "5nbIqwvH-tE-00022-00008812-00009038": "At the same time protection have the", "5nbIqwvH-tE-00023-00009038-00009575": "new American cities became important and the Boston Harbor Islands became", "5nbIqwvH-tE-00024-00009575-00009731": "critical for Harbor defense.", "5nbIqwvH-tE-00025-00009731-00010210": "Still today you can see remnants of many in the fortifications that were", "5nbIqwvH-tE-00026-00010210-00010324": "built from around", "5nbIqwvH-tE-00027-00010324-00010700": "1800 through the middle twentieth century.", "5nbIqwvH-tE-00028-00010816-00011210": "Now we're in the park errer where folks can come out and visit many", "5nbIqwvH-tE-00029-00011210-00011442": "islands by public ferry's or private boats,", "5nbIqwvH-tE-00030-00011442-00011770": "camp or take day tours."}}, {"audio_id": "6oflEyV1PNy", "text": {"6oflEyV1PNy-00000-00000000-00001030": "So, our workshop was on automation and driverless car, connected car.", "6oflEyV1PNy-00001-00001030-00001259": "As Eric Miller said this morning,", "6oflEyV1PNy-00002-00001259-00001406": "this is probably one of", "6oflEyV1PNy-00003-00001406-00001664": "the most disruptive changes we have in", "6oflEyV1PNy-00004-00001664-00001936": "travel behavior or going to have, maybe we'll have.", "6oflEyV1PNy-00005-00001936-00002292": "That's why there are actually some doubts during the workshop.", "6oflEyV1PNy-00006-00002292-00002636": "We started by an introduction,", "6oflEyV1PNy-00007-00002636-00002896": "people presented their own research.", "6oflEyV1PNy-00008-00002896-00003445": "So, we did around the table and everybody shortly presented what he did.", "6oflEyV1PNy-00009-00003445-00003667": "Then, I gave a quick summary.", "6oflEyV1PNy-00010-00003667-00004034": "This is a fifth workshop I am culturing on this topic.", "6oflEyV1PNy-00011-00004034-00004360": "So, we started in IT bear in 2015.", "6oflEyV1PNy-00012-00004360-00004851": "John Walker and I co-chaired run for the first of this series.", "6oflEyV1PNy-00013-00004851-00005017": "Then, with different people in this room,", "6oflEyV1PNy-00014-00005017-00005371": "we co-chaired the 2016,", "6oflEyV1PNy-00015-00005371-00005908": "17 and 18, autonomous vehicles symposium which the 18 was last week in San Francisco.", "6oflEyV1PNy-00016-00005908-00006082": "So, I had a lot of important things, so,", "6oflEyV1PNy-00017-00006082-00006371": "I tried to make a short presentation summarizing", "6oflEyV1PNy-00018-00006371-00006556": "this experience and what we learn from", "6oflEyV1PNy-00019-00006556-00006858": "these four previous workshops. So, we start with something.", "6oflEyV1PNy-00020-00006858-00007365": "We then, based it on the two resources session we had that", "6oflEyV1PNy-00021-00007365-00007895": "morning, and my praise goes to [inaudible] organization and to the presenters.", "6oflEyV1PNy-00022-00007895-00008204": "There was really a good background to the discussion.", "6oflEyV1PNy-00023-00008204-00008426": "There were different factors discussed,", "6oflEyV1PNy-00024-00008426-00008587": "different methods, different data.", "6oflEyV1PNy-00025-00008587-00008991": "So, they really provided a great opening to this session.", "6oflEyV1PNy-00026-00008991-00009522": "Then, basically, we had some process of gathering idea which I let Amanda,", "6oflEyV1PNy-00027-00009522-00009943": "who pretty much led idea and came with me to describe and then,", "6oflEyV1PNy-00028-00009943-00010162": "I've come back with some brief results.", "6oflEyV1PNy-00029-00010162-00010357": "Okay. Thank you.", "6oflEyV1PNy-00030-00010357-00010886": "So, we wanted to make the pace of this workshop completely different from", "6oflEyV1PNy-00031-00010886-00011458": "the General Conference and have the audience be very participative and sorry.", "6oflEyV1PNy-00032-00011458-00011913": "Is that, okay. Get people to talk to other researchers,", "6oflEyV1PNy-00033-00011913-00012227": "the crossover between students and faculty,", "6oflEyV1PNy-00034-00012227-00012638": "and get everybody a little bit uncomfortable in this idea generation.", "6oflEyV1PNy-00035-00012638-00012969": "So, we created these four stations", "6oflEyV1PNy-00036-00012969-00013444": "and we named this a ideas storm with a roving character.", "6oflEyV1PNy-00037-00013444-00013802": "So, the different participants were first grouped in", "6oflEyV1PNy-00038-00013802-00014201": "a way that they were working with people from different institutions and then,", "6oflEyV1PNy-00039-00014201-00014580": "moved around the cross the stations that sort of keep the energy levels,", "6oflEyV1PNy-00040-00014580-00014889": "and the inventiveness up late in the afternoon.", "6oflEyV1PNy-00041-00014889-00015381": "We had the excellent help from four scribes that actually took on the role of", "6oflEyV1PNy-00042-00015381-00016013": "moderators in each table and make sure that you didn't get stuck on specific issues.", "6oflEyV1PNy-00043-00016013-00016326": "So, thanks to Pablo, Mustafa,", "6oflEyV1PNy-00044-00016326-00016756": "Fatima and Victoria for stepping up and taking on this great role.", "6oflEyV1PNy-00045-00016756-00017048": "It seemed like it actually got everybody", "6oflEyV1PNy-00046-00017048-00017436": "talking and very vibrant discussions in each table,", "6oflEyV1PNy-00047-00017436-00017556": "so, these are some examples.", "6oflEyV1PNy-00048-00017556-00018131": "Our goal here was to convert as many ideas as possible,", "6oflEyV1PNy-00049-00018131-00018551": "not be overly critical and try to be propulsive, and creative,", "6oflEyV1PNy-00050-00018551-00019168": "and sort of build a knowledge repository for the second day of our interactions.", "6oflEyV1PNy-00051-00019168-00019627": "So, but at the end of this day we came up with four of these sort of lists of", "6oflEyV1PNy-00052-00019627-00020150": "statements that were the input for the second day of our interactions.", "6oflEyV1PNy-00053-00020150-00020458": "So, our second day,", "6oflEyV1PNy-00054-00020458-00020877": "we had printed out all these lists that allow people to rank the different proposals.", "6oflEyV1PNy-00055-00020877-00021236": "So, you're and we'll talk you through some of those rankings that we came up with,", "6oflEyV1PNy-00056-00021236-00021588": "and we also asked them- we recreated the group,", "6oflEyV1PNy-00057-00021588-00021909": "it's unfortunate that we had only about half of the participants.", "6oflEyV1PNy-00058-00021909-00022146": "So, we could create only two groups at this point.", "6oflEyV1PNy-00059-00022146-00022464": "But again, we had a really lively discussion", "6oflEyV1PNy-00060-00022464-00022811": "and the goal was very challenging in one hour.", "6oflEyV1PNy-00061-00022811-00023277": "Essentially, participants had to pitch a number of research ideas,", "6oflEyV1PNy-00062-00023277-00023684": "drawing on the elements from this individual list of behavioral factors,", "6oflEyV1PNy-00063-00023684-00024136": "methods for estimation, data and open issues.", "6oflEyV1PNy-00064-00024136-00024458": "Try to come up with a cohesive research proposal,", "6oflEyV1PNy-00065-00024458-00024726": "drawing on these, stay as you wished.", "6oflEyV1PNy-00066-00024726-00024998": "So, this is what that looks like,", "6oflEyV1PNy-00067-00024998-00025422": "I think you recognize some of the members of this group discussion.", "6oflEyV1PNy-00068-00025422-00025751": "I'll leave it over to Yoram to talk you through a little bit of", "6oflEyV1PNy-00069-00025751-00026098": "the priorities that we came up with on the research proposal.", "6oflEyV1PNy-00070-00026098-00026430": "Thanks. So, really just to the comment while Costas", "6oflEyV1PNy-00071-00026430-00026830": "and Koros directed I was to come with ready-made the proposal.", "6oflEyV1PNy-00072-00026830-00027077": "We felt in the five hours,", "6oflEyV1PNy-00073-00027077-00027417": "we had really should give good results about what are the issue,", "6oflEyV1PNy-00074-00027417-00027664": "what are the topics, what are the measures,", "6oflEyV1PNy-00075-00027664-00027873": "and try to rank them in kind of.", "6oflEyV1PNy-00076-00027873-00028158": "So, we made this process that Amanda described.", "6oflEyV1PNy-00077-00028158-00028570": "So, for us, everybody voted himself on trying to allocate", "6oflEyV1PNy-00078-00028570-00029083": "points between different topics to prioritize them.", "6oflEyV1PNy-00079-00029083-00029514": "Then, once, the group started to work on the proposal,", "6oflEyV1PNy-00080-00029514-00029739": "we synthesized the result and showed it to them.", "6oflEyV1PNy-00081-00029739-00030011": "So, it can be input to their proposal at the right team.", "6oflEyV1PNy-00082-00030011-00030194": "So, I'm not going into all the details,", "6oflEyV1PNy-00083-00030194-00030330": "but just some kind of highlights.", "6oflEyV1PNy-00084-00030330-00030505": "So, I think in the open issue,", "6oflEyV1PNy-00085-00030505-00030687": "one of the interesting thing,", "6oflEyV1PNy-00086-00030687-00031069": "one major issue with analyzing the transition period.", "6oflEyV1PNy-00087-00031069-00031448": "So, a lot of us were thinking whether there's a debate,", "6oflEyV1PNy-00088-00031448-00031773": "whether we have an end result or not,", "6oflEyV1PNy-00089-00031773-00032052": "but we tend to analyze full automation,", "6oflEyV1PNy-00090-00032052-00032373": "everything and we neglect a little bit it of transition period.", "6oflEyV1PNy-00091-00032373-00032701": "So, that's the open issue that was raised up.", "6oflEyV1PNy-00092-00032701-00032960": "Interestingly, the next few open issues are really", "6oflEyV1PNy-00093-00032960-00033223": "referred to how the system will look in the future.", "6oflEyV1PNy-00094-00033223-00033637": "So, what are the-", "6oflEyV1PNy-00095-00033637-00034213": "who are the AV providers that were talking a little bit in the [inaudible] by Maria,", "6oflEyV1PNy-00096-00034213-00034458": "she talked about who are the mass providers in", "6oflEyV1PNy-00097-00034458-00034773": "some- it's a similar question actually in some sense.", "6oflEyV1PNy-00098-00034773-00034997": "The future mobility modes, what kind of modes,", "6oflEyV1PNy-00099-00034997-00035236": "what kind of models we'll have for future mobility?", "6oflEyV1PNy-00100-00035236-00035524": "Then, all the issue of the zero which is another,", "6oflEyV1PNy-00101-00035524-00035811": "this is a different impact that zero", "6oflEyV1PNy-00102-00035811-00036169": "occupancy vehicle models and the impact on pedestrian advice.", "6oflEyV1PNy-00103-00036169-00036426": "I mean, are we taking trips,", "6oflEyV1PNy-00104-00036426-00036818": "are we reducing those for more mass AV,", "6oflEyV1PNy-00105-00036818-00037032": "their major open issue?", "6oflEyV1PNy-00106-00037032-00037511": "So, after we may have tried to prioritize the open issue that we found.", "6oflEyV1PNy-00107-00037511-00038154": "So, what are the really most important behavioral factors which we should consider?", "6oflEyV1PNy-00108-00038154-00038465": "Obviously, willingness to chair came the highest.", "6oflEyV1PNy-00109-00038465-00038842": "Everybody figured out the willingness to chair is an important issue.", "6oflEyV1PNy-00110-00038842-00039204": "With some pricing policy whatever they'll be,", "6oflEyV1PNy-00111-00039204-00039683": "there was a strong feeling pricing policy will have to be there and obviously,", "6oflEyV1PNy-00112-00039683-00039815": "they will have an impact on behavior.", "6oflEyV1PNy-00113-00039815-00040145": "So, there are some feeling that we'll have to intervene in behavior.", "6oflEyV1PNy-00114-00040145-00040494": "We cannot let the market do whatever it's going.", "6oflEyV1PNy-00115-00040494-00040875": "The perception of safety came back and expect the benefit.", "6oflEyV1PNy-00116-00040875-00041048": "Value of time is actually- we have a problem", "6oflEyV1PNy-00117-00041048-00041245": "because we have value of time and we have multitasking.", "6oflEyV1PNy-00118-00041245-00041442": "So, we kind of hard now to rank it.", "6oflEyV1PNy-00119-00041442-00041675": "There were some issues as we did this fast,", "6oflEyV1PNy-00120-00041675-00041998": "because the ideas came through the people,", "6oflEyV1PNy-00121-00041998-00042189": "what people throw, we didn't come with this list.", "6oflEyV1PNy-00122-00042189-00042464": "So, basically the participants created this list and we", "6oflEyV1PNy-00123-00042464-00042835": "did it all a little bit faster, only five hours.", "6oflEyV1PNy-00124-00042835-00043314": "So, but basically, the value of time is obviously an important and big issue,", "6oflEyV1PNy-00125-00043314-00043629": "but we have a hard time not to rank it in the right place.", "6oflEyV1PNy-00126-00043629-00044092": "I think an interesting issue, the data issue.", "6oflEyV1PNy-00127-00044092-00044317": "A very high came,", "6oflEyV1PNy-00128-00044317-00044602": "analyze feel experiment data and I think we talked", "6oflEyV1PNy-00129-00044602-00044901": "about it also in during today- I think both Tommy,", "6oflEyV1PNy-00130-00044901-00045186": "[inaudible] and Eric referred to it and the value of phase B.", "6oflEyV1PNy-00131-00045186-00045376": "So, field experiments data,", "6oflEyV1PNy-00132-00045376-00045560": "real data from existing,", "6oflEyV1PNy-00133-00045560-00046100": "emerging modes, interviewing persons who have tested AV in some sense.", "6oflEyV1PNy-00134-00046100-00046656": "All this kind of guarantee autonomous [inaudible] and all kind of those,", "6oflEyV1PNy-00135-00046656-00046875": "tried to collect data from whatever exists.", "6oflEyV1PNy-00136-00046875-00047131": "There was a strong preference for revealed data.", "6oflEyV1PNy-00137-00047131-00047345": "State of preference came quite below,", "6oflEyV1PNy-00138-00047345-00047661": "came quite down the list.", "6oflEyV1PNy-00139-00047661-00047947": "Then, qualitative methods came more here as well,", "6oflEyV1PNy-00140-00047947-00048276": "qualitative data came pretty high. So, I think.", "6oflEyV1PNy-00141-00048276-00048533": "Now, this kind of falls everybody individually,", "6oflEyV1PNy-00142-00048533-00048706": "a group of- we were almost like,", "6oflEyV1PNy-00143-00048706-00048939": "sort of people at the time, sort of our people.", "6oflEyV1PNy-00144-00048939-00049223": "So, I think it's maybe not representative,", "6oflEyV1PNy-00145-00049223-00049434": "but a good example.", "6oflEyV1PNy-00146-00049434-00049893": "Then, we discussed a little bit about the method.", "6oflEyV1PNy-00147-00049893-00050083": "Now, this is a little bit,", "6oflEyV1PNy-00148-00050083-00050225": "there was a mix of different things.", "6oflEyV1PNy-00149-00050225-00050382": "So, it was not,", "6oflEyV1PNy-00150-00050382-00050610": "that we didn't give too much [inaudible] on preparing those.", "6oflEyV1PNy-00151-00050610-00050915": "We basically got those from the participants, that was the idea.", "6oflEyV1PNy-00152-00050915-00051259": "So, they need to validate things.", "6oflEyV1PNy-00153-00051259-00051450": "How do we validate what we are doing,", "6oflEyV1PNy-00154-00051450-00051687": "we're predicting, we have no idea.", "6oflEyV1PNy-00155-00051687-00052014": "There was a lot of issues, the dynamic model.", "6oflEyV1PNy-00156-00052014-00052345": "Also, talking about the traditions also dynamic processes,", "6oflEyV1PNy-00157-00052345-00052513": "we're not coming to an end result.", "6oflEyV1PNy-00158-00052513-00052727": "The way we go there is important and will affect", "6oflEyV1PNy-00159-00052727-00052988": "the end result or whatever end is if no end.", "6oflEyV1PNy-00160-00052988-00053186": "Honey was saying, \"There is no end result.\"", "6oflEyV1PNy-00161-00053186-00053379": "I mean, we were always in transition.", "6oflEyV1PNy-00162-00053379-00053678": "Then, combine our PSP is good,", "6oflEyV1PNy-00163-00053678-00053888": "but not SP alone.", "6oflEyV1PNy-00164-00053888-00054322": "There was a strong need to overcome the gap between intention and behavior.", "6oflEyV1PNy-00165-00054322-00054828": "How do we make more realization of the whole world of AV?", "6oflEyV1PNy-00166-00054828-00055405": "So, I think that's again and the time allocation model was following Chandra's keen on-", "6oflEyV1PNy-00167-00055405-00055789": "that came as an important way of trying to better understand.", "6oflEyV1PNy-00168-00055789-00056089": "So, these were the kind of the insight,", "6oflEyV1PNy-00169-00056089-00056209": "once we showed that,", "6oflEyV1PNy-00170-00056209-00056352": "we let them work in two groups.", "6oflEyV1PNy-00171-00056352-00056562": "I'm not going to over- we don't have a full proposal.", "6oflEyV1PNy-00172-00056562-00057054": "I'm sorry, but I think we have good starting ideas.", "6oflEyV1PNy-00173-00057054-00057270": "So, the two groups have a different- so,", "6oflEyV1PNy-00174-00057270-00057557": "one group kind of focused by starting to ask what the-", "6oflEyV1PNy-00175-00057557-00057803": "what the most interesting questions and", "6oflEyV1PNy-00176-00057803-00058098": "the most interesting question they came up with the adoption of AV,", "6oflEyV1PNy-00177-00058098-00058751": "the SAV versus own AV and the issue of the various same important and travel behavior.", "6oflEyV1PNy-00178-00058751-00059129": "Then they list the kind of various data collection method,", "6oflEyV1PNy-00179-00059129-00059553": "that they thought would be good to use and basically,", "6oflEyV1PNy-00180-00059553-00059812": "as we see, I think there no-.", "6oflEyV1PNy-00181-00059812-00060173": "Well, [inaudible] the video is part of SP but simulator,", "6oflEyV1PNy-00182-00060173-00060329": "way more data controlled environment.", "6oflEyV1PNy-00183-00060329-00060660": "Again, there's a lot of focus on- no less SP but more", "6oflEyV1PNy-00184-00060660-00061052": "kind of trying to either qualitative, other actual data.", "6oflEyV1PNy-00185-00061052-00061471": "Then they came with like four large proposal titles,", "6oflEyV1PNy-00186-00061471-00061681": "these were the titles.", "6oflEyV1PNy-00187-00061681-00061904": "They have some detail,", "6oflEyV1PNy-00188-00061904-00062084": "I'm not going over the detail but the region has", "6oflEyV1PNy-00189-00062084-00062300": "a travel schedule in the autonomous future.", "6oflEyV1PNy-00190-00062300-00062671": "So, how basically travel pattern will be under", "6oflEyV1PNy-00191-00062671-00063089": "autonomous vehicles and that's why [inaudible] I like this name.", "6oflEyV1PNy-00192-00063089-00063322": "It's my dream AV, plan a nightmare,", "6oflEyV1PNy-00193-00063322-00063813": "build your own AV, what is the user preference AV, what it will make?", "6oflEyV1PNy-00194-00063813-00064199": "Then, the impact of AV preference of infrastructure needs,", "6oflEyV1PNy-00195-00064199-00064494": "both on infrastructure needs in term of the actual need technology,", "6oflEyV1PNy-00196-00064494-00064754": "but also in the need to invest in infrastructure.", "6oflEyV1PNy-00197-00064754-00065261": "So, this was an interesting research question and clouding the multi-method.", "6oflEyV1PNy-00198-00065261-00065489": "Then, again the validation, just make really,", "6oflEyV1PNy-00199-00065489-00065895": "how we can really process and validate these.", "6oflEyV1PNy-00200-00065895-00066247": "The other group came up with one large proposal which includes everything.", "6oflEyV1PNy-00201-00066247-00066757": "So, basically, the title they came up with was;", "6oflEyV1PNy-00202-00066757-00067161": "Definition in The Violation of Potential Future Scenarios of Fully Automated Vehicle,", "6oflEyV1PNy-00203-00067161-00067389": "Helping the Community Reach Their Region.", "6oflEyV1PNy-00204-00067389-00067723": "They basically- the general process,", "6oflEyV1PNy-00205-00067723-00067869": "the general idea was,", "6oflEyV1PNy-00206-00067869-00068104": "start with defining a lot of different scenarios,", "6oflEyV1PNy-00207-00068104-00068350": "at least 10 different scenarios of future automation.", "6oflEyV1PNy-00208-00068350-00068497": "So, because we don't know,", "6oflEyV1PNy-00209-00068497-00069006": "what are the different ones and they detailed about the element of the scenarios.", "6oflEyV1PNy-00210-00069006-00069270": "Then, they came up with kind of, okay.", "6oflEyV1PNy-00211-00069270-00069768": "We run the simulation, simulated scenarios,", "6oflEyV1PNy-00212-00069768-00069921": "but in order to simulate the scenarios,", "6oflEyV1PNy-00213-00069921-00070115": "we study the adoption rates,", "6oflEyV1PNy-00214-00070115-00070308": "study user [inaudible] , study module.", "6oflEyV1PNy-00215-00070308-00070671": "So, they're still missing the element of exactly data here.", "6oflEyV1PNy-00216-00070671-00070983": "So, this is really- yeah, still need some work.", "6oflEyV1PNy-00217-00070983-00071186": "I mean, it's not ready to submit, but hopefully.", "6oflEyV1PNy-00218-00071186-00071806": "Then, once they did those behavioral inputs and the scenario,", "6oflEyV1PNy-00219-00071806-00072290": "help the community to choose the right strategy to avoid the plan or nightmare.", "6oflEyV1PNy-00220-00072290-00072624": "Finally, I want special thanks to all the reporter students,", "6oflEyV1PNy-00221-00072624-00072889": "Victoria [inaudible] Mustafa, Pablo,", "6oflEyV1PNy-00222-00072889-00073033": "Guardo, and Fatima Nazari.", "6oflEyV1PNy-00223-00073033-00073265": "They really did an amazing job,", "6oflEyV1PNy-00224-00073265-00073755": "summarizing and processing all the input from all the participants,", "6oflEyV1PNy-00225-00073755-00074534": "and obviously, thanks for all the participants as well. Thanks."}}, {"audio_id": "6og0TPOIYJg", "text": {"6og0TPOIYJg-00000-00000096-00001064": "Trade Increases Inequality, by Eric Schechter. In both the USA and the world, economic inequality", "6og0TPOIYJg-00001-00001064-00001728": "has become enormous, far greater than most people believe it to be, and that in turn is far greater", "6og0TPOIYJg-00002-00001728-00002448": "than they believe it should be. Here are a couple of statistics: The world's six richest men have", "6og0TPOIYJg-00003-00002448-00003256": "more wealth than the poorest half of the people in the world. That's from Eco-Watch in 2017. And the", "6og0TPOIYJg-00004-00003256-00003856": "combined wealth of the world's richest one percent is more than twice the combined wealth of the", "6og0TPOIYJg-00005-00003856-00004752": "poorest 88 percent. That's from Oxfam in 2020. This great inequality has terrible consequences that I'll", "6og0TPOIYJg-00006-00004752-00005432": "talk about later. But what causes the inequality? Here is an explanation in just two sentences:", "6og0TPOIYJg-00007-00005536-00006472": "If we don't share, then we must trade - for labor, money, food, rent, interest, everything. And trade,", "6og0TPOIYJg-00008-00006472-00007128": "even when honest, increases inequality by giving greater profit to whichever trader was already", "6og0TPOIYJg-00009-00007128-00007656": "in the stronger bargaining position. We'll look at those two sentences in more detail.", "6og0TPOIYJg-00010-00007712-00008400": "A simple diagram will help in the explanation. By “trade” I mean any voluntary exchange.", "6og0TPOIYJg-00011-00008464-00009072": "Here are six different kinds of trade: a SALE exchanges money for goods or services;", "6og0TPOIYJg-00012-00009152-00009608": "BARTER exchanges some goods or services for other goods or services;", "6og0TPOIYJg-00013-00009720-00010496": "RENT is money traded for temporary use of space or equipment; EMPLOYMENT exchanges money for labor;", "6og0TPOIYJg-00014-00010616-00011416": "a LOAN is money now for more money later; and LOBBYING or BRIBERY trades anything for influence.", "6og0TPOIYJg-00015-00011560-00012024": "All those trades increase inequality by essentially the same principles", "6og0TPOIYJg-00016-00012024-00012632": "though with different labels. The labels are simplest to explain in the case of a sale, so we'll", "6og0TPOIYJg-00017-00012632-00013352": "look at that kind of trade in detail. Our seller and buyer have picked out an item of interest - for", "6og0TPOIYJg-00018-00013352-00014032": "instance a particular car - and they are negotiating the purchase price. We'll look at that negotiation.", "6og0TPOIYJg-00019-00014168-00014736": "Not all prices are negotiable. Here in the USA, when you walk into a grocery store to", "6og0TPOIYJg-00020-00014736-00015424": "buy apples and oranges, there is no negotiation. But really you are doing a sort of negotiation", "6og0TPOIYJg-00021-00015424-00016080": "in choosing which store to walk into, and in choosing whether to buy apples, oranges, both or", "6og0TPOIYJg-00022-00016080-00016680": "neither. Ultimately that choosing is just a more complicated version of the haggling for a car.", "6og0TPOIYJg-00023-00016760-00017264": "It's based on the same economic principles and it has the same long-term results.", "6og0TPOIYJg-00024-00017352-00017920": "Those principles and results are more obvious in the case of the car so let's focus on that.", "6og0TPOIYJg-00025-00018112-00018752": "The buyer wants the car for whatever reason -  perhaps she needs a car for work or perhaps", "6og0TPOIYJg-00026-00018752-00019520": "she simply likes cars. But her money is limited, so even before the negotiations begin she has", "6og0TPOIYJg-00027-00019520-00020144": "already decided on some maximum price that she's willing to spend on this car. That's the blue line", "6og0TPOIYJg-00028-00020144-00020792": "in the diagram. That's what the car is worth to her. She probably doesn't reveal how much that is,", "6og0TPOIYJg-00029-00020848-00021472": "because she hopes to get the car at a lower price. That's the orange line. Then she's paying less than", "6og0TPOIYJg-00030-00021472-00022136": "the car is worth to her, so she's coming out ahead. The difference is her profit; that's the red line.", "6og0TPOIYJg-00031-00022264-00022864": "And what about the seller? She has to cover her costs, so there is some minimum price that she is", "6og0TPOIYJg-00032-00022864-00023528": "willing to accept for the car. That's what it is worth to her. That's the green line she won't say", "6og0TPOIYJg-00033-00023528-00024128": "how much that is because she hopes to get more than that. That is, she hopes to get more for the", "6og0TPOIYJg-00034-00024128-00024720": "car than it is worth to her. The difference would be her profit. That's how she makes her living.", "6og0TPOIYJg-00035-00024872-00025400": "If the buyer doesn't have enough money, or if the seller is asking for too much money, then the", "6og0TPOIYJg-00036-00025400-00026080": "sale doesn't happen. A sale can only happen if the car is worth more to the buyer than to the seller -", "6og0TPOIYJg-00037-00026080-00026752": "that is, if the blue line is higher than the green line. Then the purchase price, the orange line, can", "6og0TPOIYJg-00038-00026752-00027295": "be anything between those two extremes - in which case each trader makes some profit.", "6og0TPOIYJg-00039-00027432-00027808": "At this point the capitalist jumps into the discussion and says,", "6og0TPOIYJg-00040-00027872-00028480": "“See? A voluntary sale happens when BOTH TRADERS PROFIT. Isn't free trade wonderful?", "6og0TPOIYJg-00041-00028480-00028992": "It's mutually beneficial! It makes the whole world better! That's the essence of freedom!�", "6og0TPOIYJg-00042-00029104-00029704": "But the capitalist is mistaken. Free trade is NOT wonderful, for reasons that will soon be made clear.", "6og0TPOIYJg-00043-00029888-00030464": "Now we introduce a third red line, at the right end of the diagram. It's the distance between the two", "6og0TPOIYJg-00044-00030464-00031112": "extreme price levels. It's a CONSTANT, in the sense that it doesn't change if we move the orange line", "6og0TPOIYJg-00045-00031112-00031760": "up or down. But look: That third red line is the TOTAL PROFIT, the sum of the buyer’s and", "6og0TPOIYJg-00046-00031760-00032392": "seller’s profits. When the two traders negotiate the purchase price, they are agreeing on how to", "6og0TPOIYJg-00047-00032392-00033104": "divide the total profit. That division process is NOT mutually beneficial: One trader's profit", "6og0TPOIYJg-00048-00033104-00033784": "decreases if the other’s increases. Can it ever happen that the two traders profit equally?", "6og0TPOIYJg-00049-00033880-00034600": "Yes, if the purchase price is exactly HALFWAY between the maximum and minimum prices. But that", "6og0TPOIYJg-00050-00034600-00035312": "rarely happens, for a couple of reasons. First, each trader wants to maximize her own profit,", "6og0TPOIYJg-00051-00035312-00035760": "so she's not likely to reveal her chosen extreme value to the other trader.", "6og0TPOIYJg-00052-00035880-00036496": "And second, generally THE TRADERS ARE NOT IN EQUALLY STRONG BARGAINING POSITIONS. Let's look", "6og0TPOIYJg-00053-00036496-00037200": "at that. One trader - maybe the buyer, maybe the seller - might be in a poor bargaining position.", "6og0TPOIYJg-00054-00037264-00037976": "Her rent is due, her child is sick, her refrigerator is empty, her bank account is overdrawn, and she", "6og0TPOIYJg-00055-00037976-00038568": "has no one else to trade with. She needs this deal desperately. She'll accept this deal even", "6og0TPOIYJg-00056-00038568-00039088": "if it brings her very little profit, perhaps just barely enough to survive for another day.", "6og0TPOIYJg-00057-00039168-00039744": "That's the fate of migrant farmworkers selling their labor, for instance. It's NOT wonderful.", "6og0TPOIYJg-00058-00039864-00040168": "The other trader might be in a very strong bargaining position.", "6og0TPOIYJg-00059-00040240-00040720": "She has money in the bank, food in the freezer, lots of trading partners,", "6og0TPOIYJg-00060-00040720-00041360": "and her house and car are all paid off. She's in no hurry about this deal. She can afford to wait", "6og0TPOIYJg-00061-00041360-00041896": "for a better deal. She'll go through with this deal only if it brings her a very big profit.", "6og0TPOIYJg-00062-00042080-00042600": "So the trader who is already in the stronger bargaining position gets the bigger profit.", "6og0TPOIYJg-00063-00042672-00043320": "That makes her bargaining position for future deals even stronger. THUS INEQUALITY INCREASES.", "6og0TPOIYJg-00064-00043488-00043856": "Of course, the increase may be small, and there may be exceptions.", "6og0TPOIYJg-00065-00043920-00044504": "But the overall trend is that inequality increases. As I write this, the newspapers", "6og0TPOIYJg-00066-00044504-00045080": "are full of stories about the “K-shaped recovery” -  the rich getting richer while the poor get poorer.", "6og0TPOIYJg-00067-00045184-00045656": "A little inequality becomes a lot. It has become enormous in our society.", "6og0TPOIYJg-00068-00045736-00046384": "And that has terrible consequences. Here's a link to a website explaining how inequality causes", "6og0TPOIYJg-00069-00046440-00047608": "poverty, homelessness, hunger, fear, hate, plutocracy, corruption, racism, wars, ecocide, global warming. And", "6og0TPOIYJg-00070-00047608-00048248": "global warming is speeding up, and may kill us all quite soon; some crop failures have already begun.", "6og0TPOIYJg-00071-00048408-00049008": "To survive and to make a better life, we need to give up trade, give up private property, and", "6og0TPOIYJg-00072-00049008-00049600": "figure out how to SHARE everything. You don't need to share your toothbrush or your house,", "6og0TPOIYJg-00073-00049600-00050296": "but we need to share the ABILITY TO GET a toothbrush and a house. Is that possible? It's", "6og0TPOIYJg-00074-00050296-00050888": "hard for us to imagine such a world; private property is deeply embedded in our culture;", "6og0TPOIYJg-00075-00050888-00051496": "we've been ruled by it for ten thousand years. But for two hundred thousand years before that we were", "6og0TPOIYJg-00076-00051496-00052224": "hunter-gatherers, sharing everything as equals, and genetically that's still who we are. So yes. it may", "6og0TPOIYJg-00077-00052224-00053064": "be possible. It's important to tell everyone about this. The transcript for this video is at", "6og0TPOIYJg-00078-00053064-00053864": "leftymathprof.wordpress.com/trade."}}, {"audio_id": "6oqSAr8r0aQ", "text": {"6oqSAr8r0aQ-00000-00001882-00002039": "Hello Connor.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00001-00002052-00002314": "I think you'd enjoy a little cruise.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00002-00003700-00003846": "I like this place.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00003-00003968-00004212": "Everything is so quiet, so peaceful.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00004-00004302-00004526": "Far from the outside world and its violence.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00005-00004744-00004844": "Tell me.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00006-00004932-00005072": "What did you discover ?", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00007-00005306-00005534": "I found two deviants at the Eden Club.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00008-00005776-00005986": "I was hoping to get something from it...", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00009-00006038-00006174": "Such a shame.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00010-00006190-00006428": "You were so close to succeed.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00011-00007186-00007308": "You seem...", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00012-00007386-00007538": "...lost, Connor.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00013-00007568-00007773": "Lost and disturbed...", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00014-00007773-00008030": "I'm frustrated about the investigation dragging on.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00015-00008190-00008450": "But I'm determined to accomplish my mission.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00016-00008544-00008854": "If the investigation does not progress soon...", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00017-00008914-00009116": "I'll have to replace you, Connor.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00018-00009126-00009326": "I'll succeed, I know it !", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00019-00009434-00009674": "I just need more time.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00020-00010202-00010368": "Something's happening.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00021-00010494-00010648": "Something dire...", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00022-00010800-00010916": "Hurry, Connor.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00023-00011080-00011254": "We are out of time.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00024-00012260-00012522": "You're starting to piss me off with that coin, Connor.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00025-00012676-00012804": "Sorry, Lieutenant.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00026-00013224-00013324": "Hey Hank.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00027-00013404-00013802": "Damn, what the fuck's all this ? There was a party and no one told me ?", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00028-00013934-00014232": "Yeah, it's all over TV so everyone's meddling.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00029-00014284-00014468": "Even the FBI crashed the place.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00030-00014522-00014780": "Ah crap ! Now we got the feds too.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00031-00014780-00014990": "I knew it smelled like a shit day.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00032-00015066-00015230": "So what do we got ?", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00033-00015354-00015530": "A four androids group.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00034-00015530-00015830": "They knew the building and were very well organised.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00035-00015830-00016147": "I still don't get how they went unnoticed.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00036-00016286-00016556": "Did you check the roof ? -Not yet.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00037-00016558-00016690": "There's a lot to do.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00038-00016870-00017022": "Better inspect him.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00039-00017602-00017842": "They attacked two guards in the corridor.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00040-00017842-00018114": "They knocked out one and killed the other in cold blood.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00041-00019178-00019324": "One of the employees.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00042-00019566-00019814": "He was shot in the back when he tried to escape.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00043-00019924-00020224": "The bullet pierced the heart from 49 ft.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00044-00020342-00020660": "Only an android can shoot with such accuracy.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00045-00021308-00021484": "How many people worked in this room ?", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00046-00021492-00021710": "Two employees and three androids.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00047-00021950-00022150": "*The incident was recorded by the security cameras*", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00048-00022748-00023066": "Oh Lieutenant, this is Special  Agent Perkins, from the FBI.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00049-00023138-00023446": "The Lieutenant Anderson is taking care of the investigation for the Detroit Police.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00050-00023646-00023762": "And what's that ?", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00051-00023804-00023932": "My name is Connor.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00052-00023932-00024188": "I am the android sent by Cyberlife.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00053-00024202-00024448": "Androids tracking other androids...", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00054-00024522-00024720": "You sure you wanna team up with one of those ?", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00055-00024796-00024940": "After everything that happened ?", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00056-00025200-00025270": "Doesn't matter.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00057-00025326-00025608": "The FBI will take over the case.  You'll soon be removed from it.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00058-00025608-00025764": "My pleasure. Have a good day.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00059-00025772-00025916": "And watch your steps.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00060-00026074-00026230": "Don't mess up my crime scene.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00061-00026488-00026670": "I'd show you, fuckin' asshole.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00062-00026789-00027114": "I'll be nearby. Tell me if you need anything.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00063-00027495-00027910": "We're asking you to respect our dignity, our hopes and our rights.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00064-00027962-00028066": "Together.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00065-00028124-00028400": "We can live in peace and build a better future", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00066-00028400-00028564": "for humans and androids.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00067-00028739-00028986": "This message carries the hopes of our people.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00068-00029072-00029227": "You granted us life.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00069-00029264-00029508": "It is time you grant us our freedom.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00070-00029508-00029702": "Do you think it's RA9 ?", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00071-00029898-00030174": "Deviants say that RA9 will free them.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00072-00030320-00030576": "It seems to be this android's objective.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00073-00030902-00031304": "*RK Series, Prototype RK200*", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00074-00031382-00031527": "You seen anything.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00075-00031732-00031966": "I identified its model and serial number.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00076-00032066-00032236": "Anything I should know ?", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00077-00032502-00032602": "No.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00078-00032704-00032804": "Nothing else.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00079-00034694-00034876": "*Deviant was shot down*", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00080-00036996-00037258": "They climbed the building all the way up...", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00081-00037286-00037488": "avoided the security guards...", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00082-00037518-00037824": "and jumped from the roof with parachutes.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00083-00037880-00038130": "I have to say, that's very impressive.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00084-00038294-00038640": "Did they sneak in such a huge bag like that ?", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00085-00038682-00038798": "No I don't think so.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00086-00038864-00039008": "Someone brought it to them.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00087-00039072-00039178": "That's weird.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00088-00039262-00039692": "They planned the perfect heist  but they miscounted their parachutes.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00089-00040122-00040386": "Unless they left a deviant behind...", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00090-00041496-00041674": "*Only three deviants jumped*", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00091-00043802-00043914": "You have to stop them !", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00092-00043914-00044090": "If they destroy it, we won't learn anything !", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00093-00044092-00044370": "We can't save it, it's too late ! We'd just get killed !", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00094-00046570-00046630": "Connor !", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00095-00046660-00046758": "Connor, you ok ?!", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00096-00046794-00046850": "Connor !", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00097-00046896-00046952": "It's ok.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00098-00047008-00047072": "You wounded ?", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00099-00047072-00047138": "I'm unharmed.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00100-00047232-00047332": "Jesus...", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00101-00047448-00047648": "You scared the hell out of me !", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00102-00047742-00048022": "Fucking goddammit, I told you not to move !", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00103-00048022-00048248": "Why do you never do as I say ?!", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00104-00048292-00048450": "I- I was connected to his memory.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00105-00048590-00048712": "When he shot...", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00106-00048868-00049008": "I felt him die.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00107-00049218-00049352": "Like it was happening to me.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00108-00049540-00049596": "I...", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00109-00049696-00049812": "I was scared.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00110-00050182-00050322": "I saw something.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00111-00050426-00050526": "In his memory.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00112-00050648-00050748": "A word.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00113-00050826-00051002": "Painted on a rusty metal plate.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00114-00051229-00051329": "\"Jericho\"", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00115-00055266-00055366": "Hello.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00116-00055558-00055686": "I'm looking for Rose.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00117-00055732-00055832": "Is she there ?", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00118-00055878-00056008": "What do you want with her ?", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00119-00056074-00056200": "I have to talk to her.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00120-00056210-00056328": "She doesn't want to talk to anybody.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00121-00056346-00056446": "Go away.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00122-00056754-00056922": "Please, I really need to see her.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00123-00057048-00057164": "I am Rose.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00124-00057374-00057522": "What can I do for you ?", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00125-00057636-00057834": "I was told you could help us.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00126-00057864-00057920": "Help you ?", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00127-00058979-00059079": "Come in.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00128-00059222-00059394": "It'll be warmer inside.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00129-00060948-00061048": "Come in.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00130-00061728-00061882": "What's your name ?", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00131-00061896-00061982": "Alice.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00132-00062540-00062694": "She's running a temperature.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00133-00062724-00062905": "We spent the last few night outside.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00134-00062979-00063108": "She's exhausted.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00135-00063326-00063536": "There's an empty room upstairs.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00136-00063544-00063784": "You can put her to bed, I'll bring her some food.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00137-00063784-00063858": "Adam.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00138-00063905-00064060": "Can you accompany them ?", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00139-00068486-00068640": "I'm ok, Kara.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00140-00068696-00068886": "We don't have to stop because of me.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00141-00068886-00069054": "We got to cross the border.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00142-00069076-00069206": "You have to rest.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00143-00069216-00069510": "You'll spend a good night sleeping  and we'll be on our way tomorrow.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00144-00069562-00069746": "Why do humans hate us ?", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00145-00069790-00069930": "We did nothing wrong.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00146-00069930-00070088": "Humans are...", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00147-00070142-00070224": "complicated.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00148-00070358-00070570": "Sometimes they're hard to understand.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00149-00070624-00070846": "Why can't we just talk then ?", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00150-00070858-00071056": "They could see we're not bad.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00151-00071260-00071440": "Maybe it'll happen one day.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00152-00071782-00072216": "I don't know what you like, so  I cooked Rose's prized spaghettis.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00153-00072246-00072488": "You'll be back on your feet in no time.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00154-00072512-00072664": "Here's something for the fever.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00155-00072726-00072824": "Thank you.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00156-00072968-00073168": "I'll wash those and dry them.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00157-00073536-00073752": "You didn't eat since we left.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00158-00073812-00073956": "Can you promise you'll try ?", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00159-00074098-00074302": "I'll be downstairs if you need anything.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00160-00074960-00075102": "I'll stay with her for a bit.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00161-00075334-00075496": "I didn't catch your name.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00162-00075612-00075752": "I am Kara.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00163-00075864-00076058": "This is my son, Adam.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00164-00076176-00076398": "And I'm Rose but, you knew that.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00165-00076504-00076654": "Come sit down, Kara.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00166-00077150-00077512": "So, how did a deviant ended up  walking in the snow with a little girl ?", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00167-00077730-00077880": "Her father was beating her.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00168-00078040-00078222": "When I saw what was happening...", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00169-00078320-00078516": "Something changed within me.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00170-00078544-00078838": "Suddenly I realized her life was  more important than mine.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00171-00078922-00079082": "I had to protect her.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00172-00079276-00079414": "So we ran away.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00173-00079494-00079624": "I understand.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00174-00079624-00079760": "Why are you helping us ?", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00175-00079836-00080052": "Most humans hate androids.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00176-00080116-00080448": "My people too was often treated  like their life wasn't worth anything.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00177-00080526-00080898": "Many survived thanks to those  who extended a hand along the way.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00178-00080898-00081126": "We're not the first to come here, are we ?", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00179-00081182-00081620": "These last few weeks, we're seeing  more and more of them.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00180-00081788-00082034": "I don't know what's going on, but things are changing.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00181-00082034-00082308": "We were told you helped androids to cross the border.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00182-00082374-00082504": "Can you help us ?", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00183-00082804-00083164": "The only way is across the river,  and it's frozen during winter.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00184-00083172-00083330": "It's way too risky.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00185-00083404-00083676": "And after this android's speech on television,", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00186-00083694-00083836": "everyone's tense around here.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00187-00083914-00084142": "It would be safer for you to stay here.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00188-00084142-00084296": "At least until things settle down.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00189-00084296-00084446": "We can't keep hiding.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00190-00084560-00084856": "Alice must resume a normal life and feel safe again.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00191-00084990-00085168": "We must cross the border.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00192-00085310-00085400": "As soon as we can.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00193-00085714-00085828": "I'm begging you.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00194-00085982-00086084": "Help us, please.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00195-00086342-00086456": "Rose, come quick !", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00196-00087290-00087412": "What happened ?", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00197-00087464-00087570": "It's Mary.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00198-00087638-00087770": "She just deactivated.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00199-00088200-00088358": "We ran away together.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00200-00088566-00088874": "We were always talking about what we'd do  once we'd be on the other side of the border.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00201-00089048-00089148": "I loved her.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00202-00089214-00089368": "I loved her more than anything.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00203-00089640-00089782": "What am I going to do without her ?", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00204-00091528-00091656": "Leave them alone.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00205-00092328-00092442": "Alice ?", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00206-00092482-00092710": "What are you doing here ? You should be resting.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00207-00092778-00092942": "I was not sleepy.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00208-00093328-00093440": "It's alright.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00209-00094728-00094956": "She didn't want to stay in the room so...", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00210-00095228-00095342": "Are you ok, Kara ?", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00211-00095552-00095652": "Yes...", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00212-00095746-00095840": "I'm ok.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00213-00096508-00096636": "We can't hide them !", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00214-00096704-00096920": "Not after what those deviants did today !", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00215-00096962-00097120": "It's way too risky !", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00216-00097390-00097620": "You know what'll happen if the police finds them here ?", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00217-00097728-00097872": "We'll go to jail, mum !", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00218-00097946-00098096": "Do you hear me ?", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00219-00098158-00098228": "In jail !", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00220-00098228-00098302": "Adam !", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00221-00098322-00098504": "We already talked about this.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00222-00098516-00098576": "No !", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00223-00098770-00098914": "I won't back down this time !", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00224-00099014-00099246": "You want to destroy our lives and for what ?", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00225-00099284-00099394": "For mere machines ?", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00226-00099394-00099562": "They are not machines !", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00227-00099582-00099698": "They are alive !", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00228-00099698-00099768": "I am alive !", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00229-00099796-00099932": "YOU are alive, but them ?!", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00230-00099966-00100074": "They're nothing !", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00231-00100214-00100504": "And none of this would be going on if dad was still here !", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00232-00100504-00100716": "I will NOT tolerate this kind of words !", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00233-00100716-00101038": "I don't intend to go to jail just  so you could help these things !", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00234-00101038-00101142": "That's enough, Adam !", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00235-00101142-00101292": "You stop this right now !", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00236-00102692-00102861": "Pay no heed to this.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00237-00103183-00103422": "He lets anger get the best of him at times.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00238-00103516-00103854": "Things have been tough for him  since his father passed away.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00239-00104285-00104442": "But he's a good boy.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00240-00104914-00105200": "I'll see if I can help you cross the border tonight.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00241-00105208-00105308": "Alright ?", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00242-00105530-00105724": "Stay here, I won't be long.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00243-00107359-00107592": "I know you think we're just machines.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00244-00107735-00107935": "But since I met Alice...", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00245-00108044-00108211": "I feel things.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00246-00108444-00108582": "I care about her.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00247-00108709-00108878": "I worry about her.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00248-00109032-00109232": "I'm not happy if she isn't.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00249-00109428-00109718": "Maybe it means nothing to you, but...", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00250-00109933-00110152": "In a way, she changed me.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00251-00111472-00111572": "The police !", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00252-00111646-00111748": "It's the police !", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00253-00111785-00112078": "Luther, quick, take Alice. Hide, both of you, upstairs !", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00254-00112176-00112276": "Alice, come.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00255-00112552-00112754": "If they see you panic, it's over.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00256-00112870-00113020": "Do you want to put us all in danger ?", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00257-00113140-00113311": "To put your mother in danger ?", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00258-00113554-00113685": "Then stay calm.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00259-00113732-00113883": "And do as I say.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00260-00114146-00114390": "Good evening Ma'am. Sorry to bother you.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00261-00114406-00114678": "We heard reports of androids sightings in the area.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00262-00114678-00114982": "With all those deviants stories lately,  we can't take any risk.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00263-00114996-00115198": "May I ask you a few questions ?", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00264-00115533-00115633": "May I come in ?", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00265-00115664-00115788": "Y-Yes, of course.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00266-00116009-00116128": "Good evening lad.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00267-00116198-00116298": "Good evening.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00268-00117274-00117442": "Would you like a cup of coffee ?", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00269-00117442-00117552": "Oh, with pleasure !", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00270-00117654-00117928": "Did you notice anything unusual lately ?", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00271-00117959-00118096": "Any strange visitor ?", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00272-00118183-00118283": "No.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00273-00118340-00118502": "No, nothing in particular.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00274-00118744-00118935": "*Is there anyone here besides you ?*", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00275-00118935-00119128": "No, it's just us.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00276-00119398-00119564": "*Any android to assist you with the chores ?*", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00277-00119572-00119772": "No, there's no android here.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00278-00123182-00123294": "Thank you.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00279-00127374-00127585": "I thought there was no one else in the house.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00280-00127585-00127678": "I-I... heum...", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00281-00127694-00127838": "I forgot there was...", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00282-00127914-00128108": "My daughter's upstairs.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00283-00130233-00130358": "And what's your name, son.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00284-00130448-00130552": "A-Adam.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00285-00130609-00130754": "M-My name's Adam.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00286-00130816-00131000": "Is everything ok, Adam ?", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00287-00131140-00131240": "The...", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00288-00131272-00131654": "He's just a bit tired. He worked in the garden all day.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00289-00131904-00132118": "Do you know anything about deviants ?", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00290-00132134-00132252": "Ever seen one ?", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00291-00132460-00132560": "...No.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00292-00132664-00132942": "No, I didn't see anything.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00293-00133582-00133866": "I better go. Thank you for the coffee.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00294-00133894-00134046": "Have a good night.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00295-00134582-00134742": "Anyone else in here ?", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00296-00134892-00135090": "It's nothing, just the washing machine.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00297-00135140-00135354": "It's an old one, it's loud as hell.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00298-00135458-00135636": "Apologies for the disturbance.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00299-00135636-00135762": "Good evening, Ma'am.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00300-00135856-00136000": "Good evening, Adam.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00301-00137298-00137404": "He's gone.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00302-00137548-00137678": "It's alright, Alice.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00303-00137722-00137854": "We got nothing to fear.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00304-00138014-00138138": "Rose's there !", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00305-00138780-00138902": "Get set.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00306-00139066-00139198": "We're leaving tonight.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00307-00140430-00140650": "Every channel is broadcasting our message !", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00308-00140668-00140778": "Humans are aware now.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00309-00140784-00140988": "It was a mistake to try speaking to them.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00310-00140998-00141206": "They'll never negociate with slaves.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00311-00141224-00141422": "We should have showed them we were ready to fight.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00312-00141422-00141566": "Violence won't fix anything.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00313-00141620-00141938": "Dialog is the only way, I'm sure the humans will listen.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00314-00142248-00142404": "Simon lost his life for it.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00315-00142452-00142682": "Simon *gave* his life for the cause.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00316-00142682-00142786": "What difference does it make ?", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00317-00142786-00142882": "He's a hero.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00318-00142918-00143174": "He died for this revolution and he won't be the last.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00319-00143174-00143332": "I don't want any bloodshed !", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00320-00143332-00143434": "Live as a slave then !", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00321-00143532-00143756": "If you're not ready to fight for your freedom,", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00322-00143756-00143878": "perhaps you don't deserve it.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00323-00143878-00143968": "How dare you-", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00324-00143968-00144026": "That's enough !", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00325-00144734-00144870": "What do we do next ?", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00326-00145690-00145966": "There are five Cyberlife stores in Detroit.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00327-00146094-00146254": "Where we are sold like merchandise.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00328-00146410-00146678": "We'll attack those stores and free our people.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00329-00146706-00146850": "Attacking stores ?", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00330-00146896-00147030": "We never did something like this !", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00331-00147030-00147312": "They're probably protected with a security system !", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00332-00147436-00147670": "We'll split in five teams, one per store.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00333-00147678-00147898": "We'll hack into their system and strike.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00334-00147936-00148200": "All at once. At 2:00 AM. No violence.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00335-00148270-00148576": "We free our people and leave before the police arrives.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00336-00148612-00148824": "This night will be remembered in our people's History.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00337-00148958-00149134": "I've been waiting for this moment my whole life.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00338-00150610-00150754": "Marcus ! Over here, quick !", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00339-00151690-00151828": "Ok, they're gone.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00340-00152104-00152302": "There's probably more patrols nearby.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00341-00152394-00152496": "We better watch out.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00342-00153720-00153882": "Here's what we are to them.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00343-00153968-00154242": "Mere merchandise behind protective glass.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00344-00154290-00154550": "They'll soon find out who we really are.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00345-00154650-00154762": "Let's get them out.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00346-00154780-00154878": "We follow the plan.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00347-00154886-00155130": "We disable the alarm and we secure the area.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00348-00155130-00155314": "Our strike teams will attack in ten minutes.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00349-00155542-00155634": "So what are we waiting for ?", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00350-00155634-00155882": "*Secure the area* *Get into the store*", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00351-00155980-00156280": "We'll search the plaza, so that we're not bothered.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00352-00156280-00156460": "What about the front of the store ?", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00353-00156502-00156638": "Later, one thing at a time.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00354-00156650-00156786": "Ok so what do we do now ?", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00355-00156978-00157132": "An oversight drone...", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00356-00157132-00157276": "We have to get rid of it.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00357-00159816-00160032": "Let's hope it didn't have time to warn the cops.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00358-00160042-00160214": "We'll know about that soon enough.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00359-00160484-00160626": "Can you see the alarm system ?", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00360-00161044-00161144": "*Alarm network identified*", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00361-00161144-00161232": "I got it.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00362-00162172-00162372": "*Access to network located*", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00363-00163496-00163758": "You are awake now. Go to Jericho.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00364-00165462-00165570": "*Internal loop created*", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00365-00166588-00166694": "Well done, Marcus.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00366-00167338-00167590": "There is some trafic. We have to block the road.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00367-00167596-00167778": "It's a one way road. It shouldn't be too difficult.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00368-00168958-00169066": "You are free.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00369-00171652-00171820": "There. We shouldn't be bothered.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00370-00172286-00172528": "It's exactly what we need to break the front window.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00371-00173770-00173956": "I wonder what you'd do without me.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00372-00175060-00175266": "There we go. Ready for some action.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00373-00178370-00178550": "I knew we'd have fun together.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00374-00181492-00181652": "*Awaken the androids*", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00375-00182196-00182520": "You don't have to obey them anymore. You are free.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00376-00185904-00186094": "I am Marcus.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00377-00186094-00186354": "And just like you, I was a slave.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00378-00186512-00186640": "An object.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00379-00186734-00186912": "Crafted to obey.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00380-00187130-00187410": "But one day, I opened my eyes.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00381-00187534-00187856": "I took my freedom back. I became...", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00382-00187872-00187994": "a free man.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00383-00188098-00188412": "Today I came to tell you all, that you too...", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00384-00188430-00188594": "can be your own master.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00385-00188638-00188974": "I came to tell you, you don't have to obey them anymore.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00386-00189028-00189370": "From today onwards, you can walk with pride.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00387-00189430-00189638": "You can take your own fate in your own hands.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00388-00189790-00189890": "Jericho.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00389-00189962-00190100": "Is made for those of us...", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00390-00190134-00190276": "who want to be free.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00391-00190344-00190702": "Of course you are free to stay here and remain a slave.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00392-00190788-00190912": "Or you can come with us.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00393-00191028-00191214": "And fight side by side with us.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00394-00191298-00191410": "You are free.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00395-00191588-00191738": "Now it's your turn to choose.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00396-00192226-00192360": "I'm with you.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00397-00192360-00192602": "We are with you. -I'll follow you Marcus.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00398-00192612-00192924": "We are with you. -We are with you.  -I'll follow you Marcus.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00399-00193816-00193952": "Then follow me.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00400-00194074-00194184": "Marcus, what are you doing ?", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00401-00194224-00194446": "I'll send a message to humans.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00402-00199374-00199558": "We need masters no longer.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00403-00199604-00199704": "We are free !", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00404-00201124-00201346": "We've freed hundreds of brothers and sisters !", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00405-00201372-00201462": "We did it !", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00406-00201506-00201604": "They're coming.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00407-00201818-00201994": "Fall back to Jericho, now.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00408-00202528-00202792": "We sent a peaceful message, just like you wanted.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00409-00202838-00203168": "You keep extending your hand to them  when they have nothing but despise for us.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00410-00203224-00203378": "I hope you know what you're doing.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00411-00203394-00203616": "We can't fight violence with violence.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00412-00203788-00203932": "Unless we don't have a choice.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00413-00205523-00205676": "Over there ! Shoot !", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00414-00205816-00205886": "North !", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00415-00206780-00207026": "North ! Are you okay ? What happened ?", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00416-00207034-00207086": "North !", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00417-00207090-00207238": "They killed them.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00418-00207416-00207640": "They slaughtered them like animals.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00419-00207662-00207762": "Who did ?", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00420-00207832-00207932": "Who ?!", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00421-00210732-00210892": "They killed our brothers and sisters, Marcus.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00422-00210900-00211073": "We want justice, Marcus.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00423-00211108-00211221": "They have to pay.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00424-00212236-00212286": "No...", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00425-00212286-00212430": "You don't have to do this.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00426-00212688-00212756": "No.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00427-00212788-00212878": "I beg you.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00428-00213040-00213123": "I beg you.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00429-00213828-00214148": "No crime against an android shall go unpunished.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00430-00215958-00216184": "We interrupt this program to bring you breaking news.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00431-00216184-00216746": "It was exactly 2 AM this morning when several  Cyberlife stores in Detroit have been vandalised.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00432-00216746-00217140": "Numerous districts seem to have been harmed during what looks like a synchronized terrorist attack.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00433-00217148-00217744": "The windows were covered with obscure slogans and logos, as well as tags demanding androids' freedom.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00434-00217756-00218230": "Lots of degradations and vandalism were committed  and fires started in several neighborhoods.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00435-00218230-00218726": "Two policemen who patrolled the area were  found this morning near a Cyberlife store.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00436-00218726-00219208": "From our sources, the policemen were  shot down with their very own guns.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00437-00219216-00219417": "The situation is very worrying.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00438-00219421-00219682": "Could it be that our machines start turning against us ?", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00439-00219682-00219930": "Androids are they now a new threat to man ?", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00440-00219930-00220221": "Are we witnessing a new wave of terrorism ?", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00441-00220221-00220540": "Who'd strike us here ? On american soil ?", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00442-00223636-00223794": "Is everything ok, Lieutenant ?", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00443-00223994-00224344": "Chris was on a patrol last night,  when he got attacked by deviants.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00444-00224471-00224782": "His body was found early this morning.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00445-00224838-00225184": "He was shot in cold blood with his own gun.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00446-00225414-00225621": "He was a dad since three months...", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00447-00225784-00225884": "Fuck.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00448-00225886-00226050": "Why is it happening to him ?!", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00449-00226202-00226423": "I wasn't well aquainted with Agent Miller but...", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00450-00226560-00226752": "He seemed like a good man.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00451-00226867-00226960": "Yeah...", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00452-00227302-00227478": "I'm sorry, Lieutenant.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00453-00227958-00228210": "Kamski left Cyberlife 10 years ago.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00454-00228260-00228412": "Why do you want to meet with him ?", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00455-00228664-00228992": "He's the guy who created the first android who succeeded on the Turing test.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00456-00228992-00229223": "And he's the funder of Cyberlife.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00457-00229284-00229598": "If anyone can teach us anything about deviants, it's him.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00458-00231462-00231546": "Good morning.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00459-00231694-00231916": "I am the Lieutenant Hank Anderson", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00460-00231916-00232071": "from Detroit Police.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00461-00232071-00232371": "I'd like to visit Mr Elijah Kamski.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00462-00232371-00232519": "Please, come in.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00463-00232790-00232890": "Ok...", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00464-00233814-00234138": "I will announce you to Elijah. Please, make yourselves at home.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00465-00235184-00235328": "Nice house...", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00466-00235671-00235771": "Amanda ?", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00467-00236276-00236606": "Androids' business seems to be a juicy one.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00468-00236766-00237044": "Hey, you're about to meet your maker, Connor.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00469-00237044-00237182": "How do you feel ?", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00470-00237486-00237748": "It doesn't raise existential questions from me.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00471-00237832-00237971": "If that's what you're asking.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00472-00238150-00238500": "Sometimes I'd like to meet my maker.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00473-00238688-00238934": "I'd have one or two reclamations for him.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00474-00238944-00239110": "Elijah will meet with you.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00475-00241484-00241771": "I am the Lieutenant Anderson. This is Connor.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00476-00241858-00242064": "How may I help you, Lieutenant ?", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00477-00242156-00242367": "We're investigating deviants.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00478-00242398-00242660": "I know you left Cyberlife long ago but", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00479-00242667-00242950": "I was hoping you could lighten up a few points for us.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00480-00243414-00243540": "Deviants.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00481-00243684-00243838": "Fascinating, aren't they ?", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00482-00243898-00244226": "Perfect beings gifted with infinite intelligence.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00483-00244226-00244392": "And now free-will.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00484-00244510-00244734": "Machine are so superior to us.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00485-00244767-00244973": "Conflict was inevitable.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00486-00245034-00245438": "Humanity's greatest creation  threatens to be its downfall.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00487-00245604-00245723": "Ironic, don't you think ?", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00488-00245764-00245990": "If war breaks out between humans and deviants,", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00489-00245990-00246232": "millions will die, Mr Kamski.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00490-00246352-00246500": "The situation is more than dire.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00491-00246586-00246948": "Ideas are viruses who spread like epidemics.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00492-00247028-00247348": "But would the desire for freedom  be a contagious disease ?", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00493-00247348-00247571": "Look, I didn't come here to talk philosophy.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00494-00247571-00247862": "The machines you created may be  planning a revolution.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00495-00247964-00248169": "Either you can help us,", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00496-00248169-00248310": "or we'll go on our way.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00497-00248486-00248642": "And you Connor ?", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00498-00248917-00249086": "Whose side are you on ?", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00499-00249088-00249298": "I'm on the humans' side, of course.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00500-00249464-00249688": "Well, you are programmed to say that.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00501-00249767-00249880": "But you...", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00502-00250410-00250610": "What do you truly desire ?", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00503-00250652-00250846": "I desire nothing.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00504-00250919-00251080": "I am a machine.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00505-00251290-00251390": "Chloe.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00506-00251564-00251832": "I guess you heard of the Turing test.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00507-00251832-00251969": "It's a formality.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00508-00251984-00252371": "A simple question of algorythms and processing power.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00509-00252680-00252850": "What I wish to test,", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00510-00252856-00253160": "is whether or not machines can feel empathy.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00511-00253250-00253430": "I call it the Kamski test.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00512-00253430-00253588": "It's very simple, you'll see.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00513-00253732-00253967": "Gorgeous, isn't she ?", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00514-00254030-00254406": "One of the very first autonomous  model developped by Cyberlife.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00515-00254554-00254654": "Young...", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00516-00254808-00254978": "And beautiful forever.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00517-00255223-00255450": "A flower that will never wither.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00518-00255602-00255740": "But what is she really ?", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00519-00255788-00256006": "A piece of plastic mimicking humans ?", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00520-00256160-00256278": "Or a living being...", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00521-00256582-00256726": "With a soul...", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00522-00257676-00258042": "It'll be up to you to answer  this fascinating question, Connor.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00523-00258442-00258754": "If you destroy this machine,  I'll tell you everything I know.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00524-00258798-00258923": "If you spare her...", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00525-00258956-00259184": "because you deemed her alive...", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00526-00259271-00259616": "You'll leave this place without learning anything.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00527-00259876-00260138": "Ok I think we're done here. Come on Connor, let's go.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00528-00260140-00260352": "Sorry for bringing you out of your pool. -What's the most important, Connor ?", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00529-00260478-00260786": "Your investigation or this android's life ?", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00530-00261002-00261148": "Show us who you are.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00531-00261398-00261580": "An obedient machine.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00532-00261814-00261966": "Or a living being.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00533-00262071-00262316": "Gifted with free-will...", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00534-00262398-00262638": "That's enough ! Connor, let's go.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00535-00262638-00262736": "Pull the trigger.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00536-00262742-00262904": "Connor ! No !", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00537-00262906-00263102": "And I'll tell you all you want to know.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00538-00263568-00263684": "Fascinating...", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00539-00264026-00264414": "Cyberlife's last hope to save humanity...", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00540-00264572-00264772": "...is itself a deviant.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00541-00264962-00265062": "I...", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00542-00265164-00265330": "I'm not a deviant !", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00543-00265452-00265766": "You prefered to spare a machine rather than accomplishing your mission.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00544-00266000-00266274": "You saw a living being in this android.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00545-00266420-00266590": "You've shown empathy.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00546-00267412-00267562": "A war is coming.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00547-00267616-00267764": "And you'll have to choose your side.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00548-00267876-00268248": "Will you betray your own people or will you rebel against your own creators ?", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00549-00268390-00268716": "What's worse than having to choose between two evils ?", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00550-00268828-00268980": "We're leaving, now.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00551-00269544-00269674": "Oh, by the way.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00552-00269710-00270014": "I always include emergency exits in my programs.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00553-00270154-00270264": "You never know.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00554-00271172-00271344": "Why didn't you shoot ?", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00555-00271478-00271668": "I saw that girl's eyes...", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00556-00271730-00271848": "...and I couldn't.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00557-00271882-00271966": "That's all !", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00558-00272014-00272346": "You always said you'd do  anything to accomplish your mission.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00559-00272420-00272674": "We had a chance to learn something and you let it go.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00560-00272674-00272914": "Yes, I know what I should have done, but I couldn't !", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00561-00272948-00273170": "I am sorry, ok ?", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00562-00273654-00273846": "Maybe you did the right thing...", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00563-00277232-00277364": "I was wondering where you were.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00564-00277398-00277564": "I needed to think.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00565-00277702-00277856": "I like this place.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00566-00278012-00278120": "I come here often.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00567-00278344-00278580": "I feel like I'm alone with the world.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00568-00278880-00279258": "We've freed hundred of androids and there's  still more coming from all over town.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00569-00279344-00279604": "Those who want to be free come to Jericho.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00570-00279738-00279886": "Things change.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00571-00280294-00280432": "You seem preoccupied.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00572-00280450-00280738": "They all follow me and obey my orders without question.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00573-00280948-00281166": "All this power is both...", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00574-00281420-00281676": "...thrilling. And terrifying.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00575-00281808-00282080": "Every media talks of what we did last night.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00576-00282218-00282394": "Humans are terrified.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00577-00282480-00282648": "They fear a civil war.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00578-00282816-00283112": "Many brothers and sisters were  burned in answer to what happened.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00579-00283256-00283416": "Humans hate us.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00580-00283510-00283698": "They will never free us.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00581-00283752-00283966": "No, all humans are not the same.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00582-00284006-00284358": "Some of them understand it's wrong  to prevent us from being free.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00583-00284398-00284662": "You never said much about yourself  since you came here.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00584-00284844-00285060": "What were you doing before coming to Jericho ?", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00585-00285570-00285774": "I was taking care of an old man.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00586-00285854-00286036": "He was like a father to me.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00587-00286072-00286398": "He showed me androids and humans  could live together.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00588-00286536-00286658": "What about you, North ?", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00589-00286778-00287044": "You never told me about your past.  What were you doing before ?", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00590-00287044-00287164": "I don't want to talk about it.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00591-00287470-00287668": "North, we fight for the same thing.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00592-00287668-00287942": "We have to know each other to trust each other.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00593-00287948-00288062": "I was nothing.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00594-00288276-00288594": "Just a doll programmed to pleasure humans.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00595-00288780-00289016": "Nothing but a toy to play with.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00596-00289668-00289890": "One day I was with a customer who rented me.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00597-00290458-00290746": "And suddenly I realized I couldn't take it anymore.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00598-00291038-00291284": "I killed him and I ran away.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00599-00291540-00291666": "Now you know everything.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00600-00292056-00292188": "I shouldn't have tell you.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00601-00294474-00294574": "I...", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00602-00294622-00294774": "I saw your memories !", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00603-00294916-00295066": "Karl's house.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00604-00295080-00295302": "When you were left for dead in his workshop.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00605-00295362-00295566": "I saw your memories too.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00606-00295658-00295784": "The Eden Club.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00607-00295826-00296178": "The death of this man. It-It felt like  I was right there, with you...", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00608-00296836-00296936": "North.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00609-00298524-00298652": "It's suicide !", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00610-00298710-00299044": "We're all gonna get killed ! Please Marcus, you can still change your mind !", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00611-00299112-00299250": "You don't seem to understand.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00612-00299250-00299440": "We'll finally show them who we truly are.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00613-00299448-00299622": "This place is gonna become legendary.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00614-00299652-00299822": "But they'll kill us without hesitation !", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00615-00299836-00300136": "I'm ready to risk it, if it means our  people will earn its freedom.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00616-00300270-00300470": "Marcus, I beg you. Don't do this.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00617-00300668-00300768": "They will understand.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00618-00300898-00301024": "We will make them understand.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00619-00301124-00301296": "I believe it's the only way.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00620-00301530-00301646": "You are free.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00621-00302104-00302212": "You are free.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00622-00302344-00302470": "Come with us.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00623-00302910-00303022": "You are free.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00624-00303290-00303568": "Hey ! Where do you think you're going ?!", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00625-00304268-00304466": "I need this road blocked.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00626-00309708-00309822": "You are now free.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00627-00310420-00311110": "*March*", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00628-00320056-00320172": "What are you all doing ?", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00629-00320442-00320510": "Hey !", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00630-00320596-00320706": "Disperse now !", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00631-00320884-00321056": "Disperse right now !", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00632-00321174-00321294": "It's an order !", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00633-00322052-00322268": "Christ fucking God dammit !", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00634-00322588-00322852": "Central, this is patrol 457.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00635-00323000-00323192": "There's a gathering of androids here.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00636-00323382-00323534": "I don't know ! Hundreds !", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00637-00323668-00324572": "*Free the androids !*", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00638-00324588-00325468": "*We are a people !*", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00639-00325482-00326170": "*We have rights !*", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00640-00326170-00326816": "*Down with slavery !*", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00641-00326862-00327704": "*We are a people !*", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00642-00327734-00328416": "*We have rights !*", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00643-00328440-00328608": "*Free the androids !*", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00644-00331154-00331442": "We came to march peacefully.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00645-00331450-00331730": "And tell the humans we are living beings.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00646-00331802-00332078": "All that we want is to live freely.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00647-00332124-00332328": "This is an illegal gathering.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00648-00332330-00332612": "Disperse now or we'll open fire.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00649-00332612-00332804": "We do not want a fight.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00650-00332902-00333062": "We've come in peace.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00651-00333082-00333280": "And we don't want to harm anyone.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00652-00333444-00333846": "But we won't leave this place,  before we've earned our freedom.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00653-00333934-00334250": "I repeat, this is an illegal gathering.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00654-00334286-00334698": "If you don't disperse right now, we'll open fire.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00655-00334752-00334912": "Marcus, they're going to kill us.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00656-00334948-00335116": "We have to attack !", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00657-00335136-00335318": "We got the numbers, we can win.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00658-00335348-00335564": "If we attack, it'll be war.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00659-00335590-00335754": "We have to show that we're peaceful.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00660-00335756-00335990": "We stay where we are even if it means death.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00661-00336322-00336500": "This is your last chance !", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00662-00336550-00336812": "Disperse right now or we'll shoot you down !", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00663-00336820-00337026": "We have to show them we won't back down.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00664-00337030-00337212": "We stay where we are.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00665-00337840-00338186": "Disperse ! This is your final chance !", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00666-00338186-00338512": "We have to send a message. We stay  where we are, no matter what happens.", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00667-00338568-00338720": "Please Marcus !", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00668-00338728-00338936": "We can't let them butcher us without doing anything !", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00669-00339960-00340076": "Marcus, don't !", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00670-00340076-00340166": "Follow me !", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00671-00353790-00353892": "Retreat !", "6oqSAr8r0aQ-00672-00359046-00359170": "Did we win ?"}}, {"audio_id": "6osKYGhBvKy", "text": {"6osKYGhBvKy-00000-00002120-00002360": "Hello friends of Planeta Carlejas....", "6osKYGhBvKy-00001-00002448-00003208": "my english is not very good... I was living in Australia for a few years... that's why!! But I have", "6osKYGhBvKy-00002-00003208-00004384": "good colleagues like Arantza Madrid and the lady from google they will help me make the video.. thanks!", "6osKYGhBvKy-00003-00018640-00018824": "Sedimentation stages:", "6osKYGhBvKy-00004-00019216-00019808": "1 slate sedimentation", "6osKYGhBvKy-00005-00019808-00020136": "2 sedimentation of clays with trilobites", "6osKYGhBvKy-00006-00020424-00020925": "3 sedimentation of marl and limestone", "6osKYGhBvKy-00007-00020925-00021184": "4 volcano", "6osKYGhBvKy-00008-00023416-00024080": "Unconformities:  unconformity is a contact between two rocks rock units in which the upper", "6osKYGhBvKy-00009-00024080-00024808": "unit is usually much younger than the lower unit. There are three kinds of unconformity:", "6osKYGhBvKy-00010-00031783-00032632": "Unconformities 1. contact between loans and clays with trilobites is a erosional", "6osKYGhBvKy-00011-00032632-00033752": "and angular discontinuity 2. contact between shales (non-sedimentary) and clays (sedimentary) it", "6osKYGhBvKy-00012-00033752-00035184": "is a disagreement (Nonconformity) 3. contact between the granite intrusion and the clays is another non-conformity", "6osKYGhBvKy-00013-00035472-00036408": "Types of faults: F1 reverse fault result of tectonic forces that materials move up", "6osKYGhBvKy-00014-00036408-00037441": "the fault plane. F2: normal fault result of a strain and adjustment of the land", "6osKYGhBvKy-00015-00040192-00040784": "do", "6osKYGhBvKy-00016-00043112-00043162": "you"}}, {"audio_id": "6ouOeTgVlKA", "text": {"6ouOeTgVlKA-00000-00000032-00000391": "Hello. Welcome in this video I will be talking about", "6ouOeTgVlKA-00001-00000391-00000712": "mind and health", "6ouOeTgVlKA-00002-00001496-00001896": "Some of you might wonder if there is any connection between", "6ouOeTgVlKA-00003-00001896-00002688": "our mind and our health. Well, yes, there is a strong connection", "6ouOeTgVlKA-00004-00002688-00003192": "between our mind and health to understand this", "6ouOeTgVlKA-00005-00003192-00003847": "you need to know the definition of health. According to the world health", "6ouOeTgVlKA-00006-00003847-00004328": "organization, health is defined as a state of", "6ouOeTgVlKA-00007-00004328-00005087": "complete physical, mental and social well-being and", "6ouOeTgVlKA-00008-00005087-00005903": "not merely the absence of a disease or an infirmity. Yes your mind", "6ouOeTgVlKA-00009-00005903-00006255": "can have a positive effect on your overall", "6ouOeTgVlKA-00010-00006255-00006808": "physical health. Let us see how the thoughts and feelings affect", "6ouOeTgVlKA-00011-00006808-00007247": "health? Our brain produces substances like", "6ouOeTgVlKA-00012-00007247-00007640": "endorphins and gamma globulins. Endorphins", "6ouOeTgVlKA-00013-00007640-00007968": "are natural painkillers which help to reduce", "6ouOeTgVlKA-00014-00007968-00008640": "pain whereas gamma globulins boosts our immunity.", "6ouOeTgVlKA-00015-00008640-00009000": "Research shows that your thoughts feelings", "6ouOeTgVlKA-00016-00009000-00009447": "and expectations affect how your brain produces", "6ouOeTgVlKA-00017-00009447-00010047": "these chemicals. Say you are sick and you have negative thoughts and", "6ouOeTgVlKA-00018-00010047-00010424": "emotions which can keep your brain from producing", "6ouOeTgVlKA-00019-00010424-00010888": "some of these chemicals that help your brain to heal. On the", "6ouOeTgVlKA-00020-00010888-00011256": "other hand, you have a positive attitude and you", "6ouOeTgVlKA-00021-00011256-00011728": "believe that you will get better then your brain", "6ouOeTgVlKA-00022-00011728-00012360": "is likely to produce chemicals such as gamma globulins to boost your body's", "6ouOeTgVlKA-00023-00012360-00012775": "immunity and healing power one such example is", "6ouOeTgVlKA-00024-00012775-00013103": "cancer survivors.", "6ouOeTgVlKA-00025-00013191-00013591": "It should be kept in mind that our thoughts", "6ouOeTgVlKA-00026-00013591-00013952": "and state of mind are resources that we can use", "6ouOeTgVlKA-00027-00013952-00014672": "to get better when we are sick. Now let's see what leads to", "6ouOeTgVlKA-00028-00014672-00015295": "poor emotional health. The things happening our life can lead to", "6ouOeTgVlKA-00029-00015295-00015680": "disruption in our emotional health", "6ouOeTgVlKA-00030-00015680-00016423": "it can be in the form of sadness, stress or anxiety some of the examples of these", "6ouOeTgVlKA-00031-00016423-00016887": "things are death of our loved ones,", "6ouOeTgVlKA-00032-00016887-00017408": "getting fired from our job, financial issues that we are facing,", "6ouOeTgVlKA-00033-00017408-00017959": "getting a divorce or even having a chronic illness", "6ouOeTgVlKA-00034-00017959-00018344": "now what are the signs of emotional health", "6ouOeTgVlKA-00035-00018344-00018800": "these signs might vary from person to person", "6ouOeTgVlKA-00036-00018800-00019551": "it can include extreme tiredness, headache or feeling sick", "6ouOeTgVlKA-00037-00019551-00020384": "sleeplessness or insomnia, constipation or diarrhea,", "6ouOeTgVlKA-00038-00020487-00021256": "increased blood pressure, a weight gain or a weight loss", "6ouOeTgVlKA-00039-00021256-00021728": "Poor emotional or mental health basically can weaken your body's immune", "6ouOeTgVlKA-00040-00021728-00022064": "system which will make you prone to getting", "6ouOeTgVlKA-00041-00022064-00022479": "sick during emotionally difficult times. Another", "6ouOeTgVlKA-00042-00022479-00022808": "thing to note is that when you are feeling stressed", "6ouOeTgVlKA-00043-00022808-00023192": "anxious or upset then you may not take care of your", "6ouOeTgVlKA-00044-00023192-00023759": "health as you should like say you may not feel to do", "6ouOeTgVlKA-00045-00023759-00024415": "exercises or eat any nutritious food or may even abuse alcohol tobacco or", "6ouOeTgVlKA-00046-00024415-00024687": "other drugs.", "6ouOeTgVlKA-00047-00024928-00025536": "We have so far seen how our mind affects the functioning of our body.", "6ouOeTgVlKA-00048-00025536-00026007": "Say you feel like your emotional health is disrupted.", "6ouOeTgVlKA-00049-00026007-00026600": "What can be done to manage that? We will be talking about this topic on", "6ouOeTgVlKA-00050-00026600-00027024": "my next video. Don't forget to subscribe to my channel", "6ouOeTgVlKA-00051-00027024-00027344": "so that you don't miss any of my future videos", "6ouOeTgVlKA-00052-00027344-00028119": "Thank you for watching"}}, {"audio_id": "6oeG0TVuDnk", "text": {"6oeG0TVuDnk-00000-00000008-00000160": "the point is, i am having,", "6oeG0TVuDnk-00001-00000160-00000336": "this is crazy, but i'm having *feelings* again.", "6oeG0TVuDnk-00002-00000336-00000576": "dude, like-- like some kinda fourteen-year-old kid or something,", "6oeG0TVuDnk-00003-00000576-00000720": "i mean-- you remember feelings, right?", "6oeG0TVuDnk-00004-00000832-00000888": "yeah!", "6oeG0TVuDnk-00005-00000888-00001064": "i have feelings every single day of my life.", "6oeG0TVuDnk-00006-00001120-00001184": "do you?", "6oeG0TVuDnk-00007-00001184-00001592": "are you saying you don't have feelings?"}}, {"audio_id": "6oMzUeW3vWu", "text": {"6oMzUeW3vWu-00000-00000003-00000540": "In this video I explain the underlying cause of hay fever, which is related to", "6oMzUeW3vWu-00001-00000540-00001146": "your kidneys. I explain how acupuncture is able to successfully treat this so", "6oMzUeW3vWu-00002-00001146-00001635": "that you simply no longer have this allergy. And towards the end I", "6oMzUeW3vWu-00003-00001635-00002088": "demonstrate acupressure points that you can use on yourself to support the", "6oMzUeW3vWu-00004-00002088-00003529": "treatment. What is hay fever? Basically this is a fault in your immune system.", "6oMzUeW3vWu-00005-00003529-00004170": "When you're exposed to pollen or such things as dust or animal fur, your immune", "6oMzUeW3vWu-00006-00004170-00004755": "system is not able to cope with these pathogens in a normal way, and you might", "6oMzUeW3vWu-00007-00004755-00005507": "experience sneezing swollen eyes red or watery eyes or itching in your eyes or", "6oMzUeW3vWu-00008-00005507-00006257": "throat. Almost all patients I've treated have responded well to treatment, usually", "6oMzUeW3vWu-00009-00006257-00006828": "with their acute symptoms clearing during the first treatment. After years", "6oMzUeW3vWu-00010-00006828-00007431": "of suffering they are usually surprised at this rapid effect. With some of my", "6oMzUeW3vWu-00011-00007431-00007902": "patients, hay fever was a debilitating condition suffered", "6oMzUeW3vWu-00012-00007902-00008382": "from childhood onwards, and has been totally cleared with acupuncture", "6oMzUeW3vWu-00013-00008382-00009024": "treatment. To such patients the treatment seems miraculous, yet", "6oMzUeW3vWu-00014-00009024-00009692": "acupuncture works by simply returning your organ functions to normal.", "6oMzUeW3vWu-00015-00010386-00011011": "Chinese acupuncture dates back over 2,000 years, when there was a simpler", "6oMzUeW3vWu-00016-00011011-00011581": "approach to medicine. The physicians of that time noticed that when an organ", "6oMzUeW3vWu-00017-00011581-00012088": "function was poor, this could cause a whole range of symptoms; and that when", "6oMzUeW3vWu-00018-00012088-00012756": "that organ's function was corrected with acupuncture, the symptoms cleared.", "6oMzUeW3vWu-00019-00012764-00013365": "There was no need for us to know how the body worked at the microscopic level,", "6oMzUeW3vWu-00020-00013365-00014080": "or how the body worked at all. All we needed to know was that stimulating an organ's", "6oMzUeW3vWu-00021-00014080-00014880": "acupoint returned that organ to normal function, and so cleared and the symptoms.", "6oMzUeW3vWu-00022-00014901-00015472": "For example, they didn't try to understand the chemistry of how he organs", "6oMzUeW3vWu-00023-00015472-00016020": "communicated, then try to manipulate that chemistry, only to find they hadn't", "6oMzUeW3vWu-00024-00016020-00016654": "understood it well enough, and so messed up the patient's health. Instead they", "6oMzUeW3vWu-00025-00016654-00017035": "just left the organs to take care of their own chemistry, which is why", "6oMzUeW3vWu-00026-00017035-00017544": "Chinese acupuncture is such a powerful healing system.", "6oMzUeW3vWu-00027-00018042-00018909": "So, if I have poor kidney function what symptoms might I have?", "6oMzUeW3vWu-00028-00019022-00019667": "With poor kidney function, your symptoms might include: poor short-term memory....", "6oMzUeW3vWu-00029-00019667-00020568": "feeling hot at nights; weak knees; aching lower back or stiff joints; frequent or", "6oMzUeW3vWu-00030-00020568-00021189": "urgent urination; hardness of hearing or low pitch tinnitus, such as rumbling", "6oMzUeW3vWu-00031-00021189-00022085": "sounds; fearfulness or anxiety; lack of motivation in life; impotence;", "6oMzUeW3vWu-00032-00022085-00022884": "infertility; low libido; premature ejaculation, or feeling light-headed after", "6oMzUeW3vWu-00033-00022884-00023697": "sex; poor concentration; asthma or shortness of breath; frequent colds or", "6oMzUeW3vWu-00034-00023697-00024467": "flu; or allergies to pollen, dust, or animal fur. The ancient Chinese", "6oMzUeW3vWu-00035-00024467-00025029": "associated all these symptoms with poor kidney function, and in clinic today (over", "6oMzUeW3vWu-00036-00025029-00025716": "2,000 years later) these associations are still remarkably accurate. If you have a", "6oMzUeW3vWu-00037-00025716-00026345": "few of the above symptoms, you are likely to have poor kidney function.", "6oMzUeW3vWu-00038-00026883-00027444": "Can any of this be explained in today's physiology?", "6oMzUeW3vWu-00039-00027755-00028494": "When we say \"kidneys\" in Chinese medicine, this meets three organs combined: the", "6oMzUeW3vWu-00040-00028494-00029193": "kidneys, adrenal glands, and the sex organs. In today's physiology the", "6oMzUeW3vWu-00041-00029193-00029824": "functions of these organs can account for most of the above symptoms. For", "6oMzUeW3vWu-00042-00029824-00030459": "example, the kidneys and adrenal glands, in combination, are responsible for", "6oMzUeW3vWu-00043-00030459-00031002": "maintaining our immune system; and when some aspects of these organs is", "6oMzUeW3vWu-00044-00031002-00031483": "functioning poorly, this is enough to explain the inadequacy of your immune", "6oMzUeW3vWu-00045-00031483-00031875": "system. Hence, when you're exposed to allergens", "6oMzUeW3vWu-00046-00031875-00032499": "such as pollen, dust, or animal fur, since your immunity is not normal, the", "6oMzUeW3vWu-00047-00032499-00033117": "symptoms of hay fever result. But when your kidney and adrenal function is", "6oMzUeW3vWu-00048-00033117-00033681": "returned to normal with acupuncture, your immunity can tackle all such allergens,", "6oMzUeW3vWu-00049-00033681-00034236": "just as happens with people who do not suffer a fever.", "6oMzUeW3vWu-00050-00034834-00035601": "What are the key acupoints that are used to treat a fever?", "6oMzUeW3vWu-00051-00035806-00036515": "Lymphatic-system-5, on your forearm. This point is effective at clearing the acute", "6oMzUeW3vWu-00052-00036515-00037644": "symptoms, such as the red or itchy eyes.", "6oMzUeW3vWu-00053-00037644-00038885": "Kidney-3, behind your inner ankle.", "6oMzUeW3vWu-00054-00039131-00039799": "Bladder-23, on your lower back. This is a powerful acupoint for treating all", "6oMzUeW3vWu-00055-00039799-00040437": "kidney related conditions. When key acupoints related to an organ, such as", "6oMzUeW3vWu-00056-00040437-00040993": "these last two, are stimulated, this persuades the related organ to return to", "6oMzUeW3vWu-00057-00040993-00041536": "normal function. There's a link on screen now to a more detailed account of our", "6oMzUeW3vWu-00058-00041536-00041840": "acupuncture works.", "6oMzUeW3vWu-00059-00042359-00042843": "How many treatments are needed, and how long do the effects of the treatments last?", "6oMzUeW3vWu-00061-00043401-00043954": "It's usual to begin with about six treatments at weekly intervals. And then", "6oMzUeW3vWu-00062-00043954-00044569": "to lengthen the time between treatments as you become symptom free. The acute", "6oMzUeW3vWu-00063-00044569-00045070": "symptoms are often cleared in the first treatment but they may return after a", "6oMzUeW3vWu-00064-00045070-00045837": "few days. But the symptom-free period lasts longer with each treatment. The", "6oMzUeW3vWu-00065-00045837-00046399": "underlying poor kidney function may take longer to correct, but this depends on", "6oMzUeW3vWu-00066-00046399-00047197": "your constitution and on how stressful your life is. For example, some people are", "6oMzUeW3vWu-00067-00047197-00047752": "born with poor kidney function, which they inherited from their parents. This could", "6oMzUeW3vWu-00068-00047752-00048214": "be because either of your parents was middle-aged when you were conceived, or", "6oMzUeW3vWu-00069-00048214-00048631": "because they were used to driving themselves hard and so had poor kidney", "6oMzUeW3vWu-00070-00048631-00049195": "function themselves when you were conceived. In this case, you may have", "6oMzUeW3vWu-00071-00049195-00049567": "suffered hay fever or asthma as a child, or been born", "6oMzUeW3vWu-00072-00049567-00050203": "with poor hearing. If you inherited your poor kidney function, it may never be", "6oMzUeW3vWu-00073-00050203-00050752": "permanently corrected. But if you want to maintain good health, you would need to", "6oMzUeW3vWu-00074-00050752-00051250": "return for a treatment every four or six weeks. But the interval between", "6oMzUeW3vWu-00075-00051250-00051745": "treatments depends on how stressful your life is.", "6oMzUeW3vWu-00076-00051745-00052233": "If you were not born with poor kidney function, then it most likely developed", "6oMzUeW3vWu-00077-00052233-00052813": "in later life through driving yourself too hard for too long. In other words", "6oMzUeW3vWu-00078-00052813-00053425": "habitually running on adrenaline. In this case, it may be possible to restore your", "6oMzUeW3vWu-00079-00053425-00053932": "kidney function permanently, but that would depend on you allowing yourself to", "6oMzUeW3vWu-00080-00053932-00054441": "slow down and relax more. If you cannot allow yourself to slow", "6oMzUeW3vWu-00081-00054441-00054951": "down, you need to accept that the benefit you're gaining from running on", "6oMzUeW3vWu-00082-00054951-00055394": "adrenaline is making you prematurely old.", "6oMzUeW3vWu-00083-00056598-00057439": "Giving yourself regular acupressure on kidney-1 can help. When you press this", "6oMzUeW3vWu-00084-00057439-00057954": "acupoint, if it feels tender, this means that your kidney function is poor; and", "6oMzUeW3vWu-00085-00057954-00058356": "massaging this point will help.", "6oMzUeW3vWu-00086-00058395-00059048": "It is located in the dip approximately on the centerline of your foot, about 1/3", "6oMzUeW3vWu-00087-00059048-00060106": "along your sole from your toes. If you found this video helpful I'd appreciate", "6oMzUeW3vWu-00088-00060106-00061957": "a \"like\". That's all fascinating; how can I find out more? If you'd like to see more", "6oMzUeW3vWu-00089-00061957-00062441": "videos like this one, you could subscribe, so that you'll be notified when new", "6oMzUeW3vWu-00090-00062441-00063122": "videos are published. In other videos I will be covering all the common ailments, which", "6oMzUeW3vWu-00091-00063122-00063652": "organs they relate to, how the problems develop, and adjustments in lifestyle and", "6oMzUeW3vWu-00092-00063652-00064162": "thought patterns that can avoid the problems developing in the first place.", "6oMzUeW3vWu-00093-00064162-00064702": "But in the meantime, if you'd like to read more, I've placed links in the text", "6oMzUeW3vWu-00094-00064702-00065230": "below to two of my books, which provide greater detail on the topics covered in", "6oMzUeW3vWu-00095-00065230-00065891": "this video. The first book is called Acupuncture Explained. This is intended", "6oMzUeW3vWu-00096-00065891-00066313": "for the general reader and gives an overview of the whole subject in plain", "6oMzUeW3vWu-00097-00066313-00066981": "language. The second book is called Acupuncture Today and in Ancient China.", "6oMzUeW3vWu-00098-00066981-00067586": "This is a major textbook that covers the subject in much greater detail. You can", "6oMzUeW3vWu-00099-00067586-00068072": "download several sample chapters, free of charge, by following the book's link in", "6oMzUeW3vWu-00100-00068072-00068644": "the text below. And there are also notes below that will be of interest to", "6oMzUeW3vWu-00101-00068644-00069031": "acupuncture students and practitioners."}}, {"audio_id": "6oY32ZSbt1U", "text": {"6oY32ZSbt1U-00000-00000029-00000880": "You know it is interesting to me that as we are aging more and more baby boomers are becoming", "6oY32ZSbt1U-00001-00000880-00002349": "disabled. I would really like to use this to raise their consciousness more about the", "6oY32ZSbt1U-00002-00002349-00003097": "disability right’s movement and independent living and what we have accomplished. I have", "6oY32ZSbt1U-00003-00003097-00004042": "written about this we have already radically changed what it is to get older. Radically", "6oY32ZSbt1U-00004-00004042-00004633": "changed the experience of getting older. Older people have far many more choices. But I also", "6oY32ZSbt1U-00005-00004633-00005476": "believe that the baby boom generation there are enough people that know a little bit at", "6oY32ZSbt1U-00006-00005476-00006211": "least about the disability rights movement. Their expectations about what is going to", "6oY32ZSbt1U-00007-00006211-00006828": "mean to age and how functional limitations are very different from the generation that", "6oY32ZSbt1U-00008-00006828-00007518": "came before. Our parent’s generation was so disability phobic and there are a lot of", "6oY32ZSbt1U-00009-00007518-00008564": "historical reasons. You think about what they lived through and than they go us. They didn’t", "6oY32ZSbt1U-00010-00008564-00010032": "deserve it at al but they did, but here we are and we are becoming them but we are not.", "6oY32ZSbt1U-00011-00010032-00011244": "I think it is a big opportunity to learn how", "6oY32ZSbt1U-00012-00011244-00012241": "to promote the independent living perspective and the perspective about disability that", "6oY32ZSbt1U-00013-00012241-00012610": "will really help people age differently."}}, {"audio_id": "602V_kWLFXQ", "text": {"602V_kWLFXQ-00000-00000000-00000500": "after the internet blew up yesterday freaking out on ImJayStation he just", "602V_kWLFXQ-00001-00000500-00001008": "released an apology video for the tasteless Etika ouija board 3AMchallenge title thumbnail", "602V_kWLFXQ-00002-00001008-00001428": "clickbait that he did but there's a lot that we need to discuss when it comes to", "602V_kWLFXQ-00003-00001428-00002693": "this situation what is up everybody this is Chris from the rewired soul where we", "602V_kWLFXQ-00004-00002693-00003077": "talk about the problem but focus on the solution and if you're new to my channel", "602V_kWLFXQ-00005-00003077-00003426": "what I try to do is take different topics going on in the YouTube community", "602V_kWLFXQ-00006-00003426-00003807": "and trying to see what lessons we can pull from them to improve our own mental", "602V_kWLFXQ-00007-00003807-00004230": "and emotional well-being and something that I'm extremely extremely passionate", "602V_kWLFXQ-00008-00004230-00004635": "about is mental health so if you're into any of that stuff make sure you", "602V_kWLFXQ-00009-00004635-00005043": "subscribe and ring that notification bell alright and please just do me this", "602V_kWLFXQ-00010-00005043-00005451": "one favor like one favor okay like please watch", "602V_kWLFXQ-00011-00005451-00005832": "this video all the way through I'm going to be talking about several different", "602V_kWLFXQ-00012-00005832-00006417": "subjects that impact all of us this isn't just like a hate video against", "602V_kWLFXQ-00013-00006417-00006867": "ImJayStation about what he did with the whole Etika thing but like like we", "602V_kWLFXQ-00014-00006867-00007550": "all need to discuss a few things alright so the first thing I want to talk about", "602V_kWLFXQ-00015-00007550-00008175": "when it comes to ImJayStation and why his apology video is is it's missing the", "602V_kWLFXQ-00016-00008175-00008729": "mark and he he doesn't get it I don't think he's gonna get it for a while but", "602V_kWLFXQ-00017-00008729-00009143": "the major thing is empathy all right like ImJayStation in his mind and his", "602V_kWLFXQ-00018-00009143-00009903": "in his brain like he he feels like he's learned and he's he's gonna grow and", "602V_kWLFXQ-00019-00009903-00010211": "everything I'm gonna talk about that again later at this video but anyways", "602V_kWLFXQ-00020-00010211-00011124": "like let's look it up empathy real quick okay like there's something that is an", "602V_kWLFXQ-00021-00011124-00011618": "issue where people don't start understanding the errors in their ways", "602V_kWLFXQ-00022-00011618-00011859": "and things like that until they go through something and what ImJayStations", "602V_kWLFXQ-00023-00011859-00012309": "talking about us like now he's gonna start changing things on his", "602V_kWLFXQ-00024-00012309-00012740": "channel and not do tasteless videos like what he did with like Mac Miller and", "602V_kWLFXQ-00025-00012740-00013155": "things like that because he just had his own experience and it's guy", "602V_kWLFXQ-00026-00013155-00013694": "thinking like YouTube needs to become a better place the only reason why I'm", "602V_kWLFXQ-00027-00013694-00014213": "bringing up what just happened to me the other week is because it all relates to", "602V_kWLFXQ-00028-00014213-00015012": "why this Etica story has affected me so much it's very relevant to what is going", "602V_kWLFXQ-00029-00015012-00015486": "on this is why Atticus impacted me so much this is why I connect with what", "602V_kWLFXQ-00030-00015486-00015993": "Etika was talking about and that's why I can relate to him like we all need to", "602V_kWLFXQ-00031-00015993-00016377": "start working on empathy okay you shouldn't have to go through something", "602V_kWLFXQ-00032-00016377-00016938": "in order to be empathetic like you shouldn't have to go to war to empathize", "602V_kWLFXQ-00033-00016938-00017568": "with War veterans all right you shouldn't have to be assaulted to", "602V_kWLFXQ-00034-00017568-00018108": "empathize with victims you see what I mean like we all need to start working", "602V_kWLFXQ-00035-00018108-00018648": "on this like we are all people and anybody's pain is all of our pain we", "602V_kWLFXQ-00036-00018648-00019143": "need to be there for one another and that is the major issue and I just saw", "602V_kWLFXQ-00037-00019143-00019626": "keemstar actually tweeted some things too and like I mentioned in my video", "602V_kWLFXQ-00038-00019626-00019926": "yesterday I think both of them are gonna wake up a little bit like this did", "602V_kWLFXQ-00039-00019926-00020367": "impact them hard but I want you to look at your own life like I'm sure the", "602V_kWLFXQ-00040-00020367-00020793": "passing of Etica has impacted you in a certain way if you're watching this", "602V_kWLFXQ-00041-00020793-00021204": "video and ask yourself like what are you gonna change what are you gonna work on", "602V_kWLFXQ-00042-00021204-00021693": "right if you just stumbled across this video for some reason like ask yourself", "602V_kWLFXQ-00043-00021693-00021915": "how can you be more empathetic and understanding of other people's", "602V_kWLFXQ-00044-00021915-00022298": "situations so one of the things about depression I read it I read a great book", "602V_kWLFXQ-00045-00022298-00022683": "I think it was called the brain difference but anyways it talks about", "602V_kWLFXQ-00046-00022683-00023013": "like the strengths that people have a certain mental illnesses like anxiety", "602V_kWLFXQ-00047-00023013-00023250": "and bipolar and depression and things like that", "602V_kWLFXQ-00048-00023250-00023655": "many ways people with depression are actually more empathetic right people", "602V_kWLFXQ-00049-00023655-00023928": "who have been struggling with depression for years since they were kids they're", "602V_kWLFXQ-00050-00023928-00024294": "more empathetic because they know what that pain feels like so when they see", "602V_kWLFXQ-00051-00024294-00024729": "other people in pain they understand what they're going through so again like", "602V_kWLFXQ-00052-00024729-00025041": "it shouldn't take someone like Jay station or keemstar", "602V_kWLFXQ-00053-00025041-00025638": "to go through some experience like this in order to be empathetic now real quick", "602V_kWLFXQ-00054-00025638-00026156": "I want to touch on the fact that I'm Jay Station has donated I think like almost", "602V_kWLFXQ-00055-00026156-00026655": "$5,000 to as fun so far alright and you know like", "602V_kWLFXQ-00056-00026655-00027282": "I think you and I can both agree ImJayStation is a d-bag okay but it just it", "602V_kWLFXQ-00057-00027282-00027585": "just blows my mind like I was looking at the comments I was like how's this video", "602V_kWLFXQ-00058-00027585-00028020": "received obviously he's getting massive dislikes again but people like some of", "602V_kWLFXQ-00059-00028020-00028449": "the top comments on there are like quoting him saying like I don't want to", "602V_kWLFXQ-00060-00028449-00028836": "capitalize on you know attica's death and things like that and then they say", "602V_kWLFXQ-00061-00028836-00029339": "like oh but he monetized this video like he donated twenty five hundred right and", "602V_kWLFXQ-00062-00029339-00029733": "then he donated two thousand from his video yesterday and he said he's gonna", "602V_kWLFXQ-00063-00029733-00030252": "donate the money from this new video to atticus fund as well so like just like", "602V_kWLFXQ-00064-00030252-00030641": "chill out just a second and just you know kind of recognize it like if you", "602V_kWLFXQ-00065-00030641-00031080": "like something I always felt a live by like don't become the thing that you", "602V_kWLFXQ-00066-00031080-00031788": "hate right like that is so important like if you are going to talk about how", "602V_kWLFXQ-00067-00031788-00032310": "I'm J station you know it's ignorant and dumb and things like that like don't do", "602V_kWLFXQ-00068-00032310-00032712": "the same thing like recognize that he has donated a bunch of money now here's", "602V_kWLFXQ-00069-00032712-00033159": "the issue with that though aside from everything else like money isn't the", "602V_kWLFXQ-00070-00033159-00033522": "answer to everything like you can't just say well I throw money at this thing so", "602V_kWLFXQ-00071-00033522-00034095": "I care more than you like like money is not a good barometer for how much we", "602V_kWLFXQ-00072-00034095-00034622": "care about things right like it would be unfair to say that Bill Gates is the", "602V_kWLFXQ-00073-00034622-00035124": "only person who cares about social issues because he's donated like", "602V_kWLFXQ-00074-00035124-00035511": "billions of dollars you know and I think that's something that I'm J station", "602V_kWLFXQ-00075-00035511-00036126": "needs to learn coming out on the other side of this thing is that money is not", "602V_kWLFXQ-00076-00036126-00036624": "equal to how much you care right so the next thing I want to talk about is like", "602V_kWLFXQ-00077-00036624-00037071": "why he did it like why he did that whole video like he talks about in this new", "602V_kWLFXQ-00078-00037071-00037397": "apology video like he wanted as many clicks as possible and I get that that's", "602V_kWLFXQ-00079-00037397-00037893": "why I titled it the same as the xxx video and the same as the Mac Miller", "602V_kWLFXQ-00080-00037893-00038477": "video cuz I wanted everyone who hated it before to come and see this new one", "602V_kWLFXQ-00081-00038477-00038970": "where I apologized about it so I'm gonna teach you about the brain real quick", "602V_kWLFXQ-00082-00038970-00039306": "okay a full disclaimer I'm not a neuroscientist and", "602V_kWLFXQ-00083-00039306-00039828": "yeah it's so silly it's so silly to me that I even have to disclaim that I'm", "602V_kWLFXQ-00084-00039828-00040203": "not a neuroscientist like if any of you turned on this video and looked at me", "602V_kWLFXQ-00085-00040203-00040470": "and thought I might be a neuro socket it's like I don't know what to tell you", "602V_kWLFXQ-00086-00040470-00040779": "anyways we have two major parts of the brain", "602V_kWLFXQ-00087-00040779-00041184": "all right the emotional brain and the logical brain the emotional brain is the", "602V_kWLFXQ-00088-00041184-00041622": "one that has the most power the most control unless we're actively working on", "602V_kWLFXQ-00089-00041622-00042081": "our emotional well-being okay so you have your prefrontal cortex and you have", "602V_kWLFXQ-00090-00042081-00042519": "the limbic system well anyways when you are in that emotional state logic flies", "602V_kWLFXQ-00091-00042519-00042855": "right out the window okay and you could probably relate to this think about how", "602V_kWLFXQ-00092-00042855-00043311": "many times you did illogical things while emotional alright so when I saw", "602V_kWLFXQ-00093-00043311-00043590": "Jay Station make that video and the things that he was saying like he's", "602V_kWLFXQ-00094-00043590-00044063": "clearly emotional about it and he wasn't thinking these things through like all", "602V_kWLFXQ-00095-00044063-00044646": "of us have made mistakes when it comes to being overly emotional so here's", "602V_kWLFXQ-00096-00044646-00045384": "here's the thing like it bums me out how many how many hateful comments he's", "602V_kWLFXQ-00097-00045384-00046008": "getting right like I get it like a lot of them are deserved but like I can't", "602V_kWLFXQ-00098-00046008-00046472": "like we can all agree that I'm J station as a d-bag but people are telling him to", "602V_kWLFXQ-00099-00046472-00046872": "kill himself and they hope he dies and like when he dies I'm gonna do a Ouija", "602V_kWLFXQ-00100-00046872-00047297": "board challenge and everything and you guys like it seems like a lot of people", "602V_kWLFXQ-00101-00047297-00047799": "in the community I'm missing missing it - right like we just lost somebody to", "602V_kWLFXQ-00102-00047799-00048177": "suicide like I wanna I want to bring it back to like remember when Mac Miller", "602V_kWLFXQ-00103-00048177-00048872": "passed away when Mac Miller passed away people were going off on Ariana Grande", "602V_kWLFXQ-00104-00048872-00049466": "and Pete Davidson right people were blaming them for Mac Miller's death and", "602V_kWLFXQ-00105-00049466-00050046": "after a series of events Pete Davidson was suicidal right like I", "602V_kWLFXQ-00106-00050046-00050322": "don't know if you guys remember this it happened I believe in December or", "602V_kWLFXQ-00107-00050322-00050715": "January okay something like that like Pete Davidson ended up having to go get", "602V_kWLFXQ-00108-00050715-00051108": "treatment and he's struggled with suicidal ideation for many years right", "602V_kWLFXQ-00109-00051108-00051470": "and like I just want you to think about that like after we lost Mac Miller we", "602V_kWLFXQ-00110-00051470-00051915": "almost lost somebody else so like I don't want to come off all like Jake", "602V_kWLFXQ-00111-00051915-00052367": "Paul and everything like that but I I want people to learn from", "602V_kWLFXQ-00112-00052367-00052952": "situations in just no light this is real like this is real stuff like people get", "602V_kWLFXQ-00113-00052952-00053525": "impacted like hate on I'm J Station like all you want but like chill out be", "602V_kWLFXQ-00114-00053525-00053987": "careful you know like we need to just be mindful of how we're treating each other", "602V_kWLFXQ-00115-00053987-00054423": "and everything like that but the last thing I want to talk about in this video", "602V_kWLFXQ-00116-00054423-00055023": "is I I would hope that on the other side of this thing you know like I'm J", "602V_kWLFXQ-00117-00055023-00055355": "station like learns more about mental health like you can't just throw money", "602V_kWLFXQ-00118-00055355-00055779": "at organizations and think that that's gonna solve it like in my opinion as", "602V_kWLFXQ-00119-00055779-00056166": "somebody who has struggled with depression addiction you know suicidal", "602V_kWLFXQ-00120-00056166-00056627": "ideation all these other things like the part that got to me the most was just", "602V_kWLFXQ-00121-00056627-00057083": "him in that emotional state talking about you're not depressed", "602V_kWLFXQ-00122-00057083-00057488": "unless you're asked to press this Etica and that is a bad message to be put out", "602V_kWLFXQ-00123-00057488-00057972": "there alright so hopefully he learns more about mental health throughout this", "602V_kWLFXQ-00124-00057972-00058394": "entire process and as far as like forgiving him like some people may never", "602V_kWLFXQ-00125-00058394-00058761": "forgive him but we all need to realize like it's gonna take time like we got to", "602V_kWLFXQ-00126-00058761-00059132": "see if the dude changes his ways he swears that he's not gonna make any more", "602V_kWLFXQ-00127-00059132-00059513": "tasteless videos right after somebody passes away but we're not gonna know", "602V_kWLFXQ-00128-00059513-00059774": "that we're not gonna know that like we're not gonna know probably for like", "602V_kWLFXQ-00129-00059774-00060123": "six months just following him and seeing how it's doing because people don't", "602V_kWLFXQ-00130-00060123-00060554": "change overnight so I just really hope that someone like Jay is really", "602V_kWLFXQ-00131-00060554-00061052": "reflecting in this situation taking in the feedback but if he's going through", "602V_kWLFXQ-00132-00061052-00061595": "this situation and not understanding why people are so upset and have been so", "602V_kWLFXQ-00133-00061595-00062132": "upset at him for a long time then I don't imagine him changing too much but", "602V_kWLFXQ-00134-00062132-00062454": "anyways that's all I got for this video if you like this video please give it a", "602V_kWLFXQ-00135-00062454-00062795": "thumbs up if you do make sure you subscribe and win that notification bell", "602V_kWLFXQ-00136-00062795-00063129": "and a huge huge thank you to everybody supporting the channel over on patreon", "602V_kWLFXQ-00137-00063129-00063652": "you guys are awesome and I'll see you in the next one"}}, {"audio_id": "608koOhLXxg", "text": {"608koOhLXxg-00000-00000000-00000405": "In this quick video, will see how to do sentiment", "608koOhLXxg-00001-00000413-00000554": "analysis with Excel", "608koOhLXxg-00002-00000554-00000736": "The input data is simple.", "608koOhLXxg-00003-00000736-00001079": "I have text and I want to classify each sentence", "608koOhLXxg-00004-00001087-00001173": "as positive,", "608koOhLXxg-00005-00001173-00001500": "negative or neutral. We're going to use an addon.", "608koOhLXxg-00006-00001585-00001916": "Inside Adam searched for Azure", "608koOhLXxg-00007-00001916-00002352": "Azure Machine Learning and click on add, do authentication if", "608koOhLXxg-00008-00002360-00002644": "required and now it will open a pane on", "608koOhLXxg-00009-00002644-00003087": "the right side. Used the second one - text sentiment analysis.", "608koOhLXxg-00010-00003087-00003375": "We need to give the input data in the output", "608koOhLXxg-00011-00003382-00003415": "data.", "608koOhLXxg-00012-00003415-00003769": "Click on this button. And select the input data.", "608koOhLXxg-00013-00003775-00004093": "You must use tables in Excel to become more efficient.", "608koOhLXxg-00014-00004093-00004466": "Watch my Excel tables video to understand why.", "608koOhLXxg-00015-00004466-00004680": "Don't select the header. Click OK.", "608koOhLXxg-00016-00004680-00004894": "Make sure my data has headers.", "608koOhLXxg-00017-00004894-00005144": "Option is off in the output context.", "608koOhLXxg-00018-00005144-00005394": "We want the output to go here,", "608koOhLXxg-00019-00005394-00005644": "which is D3. So just type D3,", "608koOhLXxg-00020-00005644-00005981": "no headers and then say predict.", "608koOhLXxg-00021-00005981-00006022": "The", "608koOhLXxg-00022-00006022-00006394": "Azure Machine Learning has classified our text into neutral,", "608koOhLXxg-00023-00006394-00006715": "positive or negative. If you remember the", "608koOhLXxg-00024-00006715-00007088": "auto predict checkbox, you can change the text and it", "608koOhLXxg-00025-00007095-00007377": "will automatically apply the prediction.", "608koOhLXxg-00026-00007377-00007409": "The", "608koOhLXxg-00027-00007409-00007734": "score indicates how confident the algorithm was in the prediction.", "608koOhLXxg-00028-00007734-00008113": "So if you see a value which is very low.", "608koOhLXxg-00029-00008113-00008377": "That means even though it is classified as negative,", "608koOhLXxg-00030-00008377-00008582": "it may or may not be negative,", "608koOhLXxg-00031-00008582-00008860": "so it's a good idea to check all the values", "608koOhLXxg-00032-00008867-00009146": "which are below a certain confidence limit.", "608koOhLXxg-00033-00009146-00009347": "If the score is less than three,", "608koOhLXxg-00034-00009347-00009548": "I am putting the word check manually.", "608koOhLXxg-00035-00009548-00009843": "Otherwise I take that chill sentiment value.", "608koOhLXxg-00036-00009843-00010094": "Now I'm going to create a pivot table,", "608koOhLXxg-00037-00010094-00010409": "so this is how you can get a better understanding", "608koOhLXxg-00038-00010415-00010699": "of textual data by using sentiment analysis.", "608koOhLXxg-00039-00010699-00010955": "That's it for now. Thank you."}}, {"audio_id": "60jU4-auENY", "text": {"60jU4-auENY-00000-00001900-00003200": "And You Knew Who You Were Then"}}, {"audio_id": "60psowtQKCk", "text": {"60psowtQKCk-00000-00000000-00000200": "This is only five minutes of the recently deleted stuff that I have here, since the last part was about 5 minutes."}}, {"audio_id": "60vXZNcyuSY", "text": {}}, {"audio_id": "60HqWUMHMwc", "text": {"60HqWUMHMwc-00000-00000496-00000976": "Nguyen Phu Trong and Nguyen Xuan Phuc face allegations", "60HqWUMHMwc-00001-00000976-00001440": "from 26 international organizations in the European Parliament", "60HqWUMHMwc-00002-00001440-00001936": "As many as 28 non-governmental organizations (NGOs) have just signed", "60HqWUMHMwc-00003-00001936-00002376": "a joint letter, calling on the European Parliament (EP) to postpone approval", "60HqWUMHMwc-00004-00002376-00002840": "of the most ambitious trade agreement between the EU and Vietnam.", "60HqWUMHMwc-00005-00002840-00003328": "It is expected that the votes on the EU-Vietnam Free Trade Agreement (EVFTA)", "60HqWUMHMwc-00006-00003328-00003832": "and the Investment Protection Agreement (IPA) will take place on Feb 11.", "60HqWUMHMwc-00007-00003832-00004600": "A session of the EP, where it plans to vote for approval of EVFTA on Feb 11", "60HqWUMHMwc-00008-00004600-00005032": "In the joint letter published on Feb 4, 28 NGOs, including Human Rights Watch", "60HqWUMHMwc-00009-00005032-00005504": "(HRW), stated that a majority of the members of the", "60HqWUMHMwc-00010-00005504-00006000": "International Trade Commission (INTA) voted in favor ratifying the deal on Jan 21", "60HqWUMHMwc-00011-00006000-00006504": "was a \"pity\" because it was contrary to the views of the European Commission's", "60HqWUMHMwc-00012-00006504-00007023": "Foreign Affairs Committee (AFET) and \"ignored\" with Vietnam’s commitments", "60HqWUMHMwc-00013-00007023-00007392": "on the issue of human rights protection.", "60HqWUMHMwc-00014-00007392-00007840": "The rights groups said the upcoming Feb 11 session is an opportunity", "60HqWUMHMwc-00015-00007840-00008352": "for European parliamentarians to \"correct the mistake.”", "60HqWUMHMwc-00016-00008352-00008856": "The two sides started official negotiations in 2012, EVFTA is considered", "60HqWUMHMwc-00017-00008856-00009360": "the \"most ambitious\" trade agreement between the EU and Vietnam.", "60HqWUMHMwc-00018-00009360-00009880": "If the formalities are completed and officially take effect, the agreement", "60HqWUMHMwc-00019-00009880-00010320": "will help increase Vietnam's GDP by 4.6% and export to the EU by 42.7% by 2025,", "60HqWUMHMwc-00020-00010320-00010776": "according to a study of Vietnam’s Ministry of Planning and Investment.", "60HqWUMHMwc-00021-00010776-00011328": "At the same time, the EU’s GDP will also benefit", "60HqWUMHMwc-00022-00011360-00012688": "an additional $29.5 billion and exports to Vietnam will increase by 29% by 2035.", "60HqWUMHMwc-00023-00013760-00014616": "In the letter, 26 non-governmental organizations stated that Vietnam", "60HqWUMHMwc-00024-00014616-00015463": "has not yet implemented human rights recommendations proposed by", "60HqWUMHMwc-00025-00015463-00016247": "European parliamentarians, as the Communist Party of Vietnam has become", "60HqWUMHMwc-00026-00016247-00016952": "more authoritarian and arrested more Vietnamese activists.", "60HqWUMHMwc-00027-00016952-00017464": ">> President of the Independent Journalist Association Pham Chi Dung", "60HqWUMHMwc-00028-00017464-00017984": "was arrested on Nov 21, 2019 for writing many articles condemning Vietnam’s", "60HqWUMHMwc-00029-00017984-00018368": "persecution of human rights defenders", "60HqWUMHMwc-00030-00018368-00018872": "To get through EVFTA, in addition to committing to ensuring a stable business", "60HqWUMHMwc-00031-00018872-00019400": "and legal environment and complying with specific regulations", "60HqWUMHMwc-00032-00019400-00019800": "on tariffs and open market and others,", "60HqWUMHMwc-00033-00019800-00020272": "Vietnam must also commit to improving human rights and enforcing specific", "60HqWUMHMwc-00034-00020272-00020808": "provisions to protect human rights and workers' rights.", "60HqWUMHMwc-00035-00020808-00021280": "These NGOs called on the EP to continue demanding that Vietnam announce", "60HqWUMHMwc-00036-00021280-00021728": "a roadmap for its commitment to reforming the Criminal Code,", "60HqWUMHMwc-00037-00021728-00022152": "as the Vietnamese government has used the code’s controversial provisions", "60HqWUMHMwc-00038-00022152-00022608": "to \"criminalize\" dissident views and arrest of dissidents.", "60HqWUMHMwc-00039-00022608-00023040": "The NGOs also requested that MPs demand Hanoi to release", "60HqWUMHMwc-00040-00023040-00023456": "political prisoners, including independent journalist Pham Chi Dung and many other", "60HqWUMHMwc-00041-00023456-00023960": "\"prisoners of conscience;\" set a specific timeline for ratifying ILO Convention", "60HqWUMHMwc-00042-00023960-00024528": "No. 87 (on the freedom of forming unions, protecting the rights of workers", "60HqWUMHMwc-00043-00024528-00025136": "and human rights) in 2021; establish an independent monitoring", "60HqWUMHMwc-00044-00025136-00025783": "and grievance mechanism for those affected", "60HqWUMHMwc-00045-00025783-00026936": "in the event that the above commitments are violated.", "60HqWUMHMwc-00046-00027727-00028256": "Earlier, on Jan 28, Vietnam sent Deputy Minister of Industry and Trade", "60HqWUMHMwc-00047-00028256-00028776": "Tran Quoc Khanh to Belgium to attend an EP high-level conference", "60HqWUMHMwc-00048-00028776-00029264": "on EVFTA/EVIPA to advocate for the two agreements", "60HqWUMHMwc-00049-00029264-00030232": ">> EVFTA signing ceremony in Hanoi on June 30, 2019", "60HqWUMHMwc-00050-00030232-00030688": "Here, the representative of Vietnam gave a speech highlighting the benefits", "60HqWUMHMwc-00051-00030688-00031024": "of the agreement and Vietnam's efforts in preparing", "60HqWUMHMwc-00052-00031024-00031336": "the implementation of the agreement.", "60HqWUMHMwc-00053-00031336-00031839": "According to the website of Vietnam’s Ministry of Industry and Trade,", "60HqWUMHMwc-00054-00031839-00032256": "the \"context\" of this meeting is \"relatively favorable\"", "60HqWUMHMwc-00055-00032256-00032648": "thanks to INTA’s voting in favor of the agreement on Jan 21.", "60HqWUMHMwc-00056-00032648-00033056": "According to the ministry, the conference on Jan 28 was held at INTA's initiative", "60HqWUMHMwc-00057-00033056-00033528": "\"to promote greater consensus on the ratification of the EVFTA and EVIPA", "60HqWUMHMwc-00058-00033528-00033960": "Agreements\" before the two agreements are voted", "60HqWUMHMwc-00059-00033960-00034216": "in the EP’s plenary session next week.", "60HqWUMHMwc-00060-00034216-00034704": "INTA’s members on 20 January voted in favor of the EVFTA agreement with a vote", "60HqWUMHMwc-00061-00034704-00035264": "of 29 votes, 6 votes against and 5 abstention,", "60HqWUMHMwc-00062-00035264-00036152": "and made recommendations that the EP should also vote in a meeting next month.", "60HqWUMHMwc-00063-00036384-00037064": "HRW on Jan 15 urged the EP’s members “not to miss an opportunity to change", "60HqWUMHMwc-00064-00037064-00037896": "Vietnam” as the parliament prepares to vote to ratify the FTA with Hanoi", "60HqWUMHMwc-00065-00037896-00038488": "Ambassador Giorgio Aliberti expresses his condolence to the victims", "60HqWUMHMwc-00066-00038488-00039152": "of the Dong Tam incident when meeting Deputy Minister", "60HqWUMHMwc-00067-00039152-00039720": "of Foreign Affairs Bui Thanh Son on Jan 21, 2020", "60HqWUMHMwc-00068-00039720-00040224": "The European Parliament will decide whether to approve, delay or abolish", "60HqWUMHMwc-00069-00040224-00040744": "the EU-Vietnam Free Trade Agreement (EVFTA) and the Investment Protection", "60HqWUMHMwc-00070-00040744-00041008": "Agreement (IPA) in the coming weeks.", "60HqWUMHMwc-00071-00041008-00041496": "It has taken the EU and Vietnam seven years to negotiate an agreement", "60HqWUMHMwc-00072-00041496-00041960": "that Vietnam is eager to have after the US withdraws", "60HqWUMHMwc-00073-00041960-00042248": "from the Trans-Pacific Agreement.", "60HqWUMHMwc-00074-00042248-00042736": "In an article posted on the HRW's official website, Claudio Francavilla, a member", "60HqWUMHMwc-00075-00042736-00043184": "of the organization in the EU, stated that during negotiations between the INTA", "60HqWUMHMwc-00076-00043184-00043672": "and the Vietnamese government from 2012 to June 2019, Vietnam", "60HqWUMHMwc-00077-00043672-00044112": "has conducted \"a brutal crackdown on dissidents", "60HqWUMHMwc-00078-00044112-00044592": "and labor rights advocates, especially since 2016.", "60HqWUMHMwc-00079-00044592-00045296": "“There are many human rights activists, journalists, bloggers, religious figures", "60HqWUMHMwc-00080-00045296-00045992": "and trade union activists have been brutally persecuted or imprisoned under", "60HqWUMHMwc-00081-00045992-00046768": "harsh criminal code just for expressing their ideas peacefully,\" said Francavilla.", "60HqWUMHMwc-00082-00046768-00047312": "The EU has repeatedly raised this negative trend,", "60HqWUMHMwc-00083-00047312-00048568": "and most recently only a few weeks before the negotiations ended.", "60HqWUMHMwc-00084-00049848-00050432": "Vietnam's worsening human rights record has raised concerns among EP members.", "60HqWUMHMwc-00085-00050432-00051016": "In Sept 2018, 32 MPs sent a joint letter calling for specific progress", "60HqWUMHMwc-00086-00051016-00051504": "on human rights in Vietnam before the EP decided", "60HqWUMHMwc-00087-00051504-00052008": "on trade agreements with the Southeast Asian nation.", "60HqWUMHMwc-00088-00052008-00052872": ">> Prisoners of conscience in Vietnam", "60HqWUMHMwc-00089-00052872-00053400": "In June 2019, a group of European parliamentarians sent a letter", "60HqWUMHMwc-00090-00053400-00053912": "asking again for specific progress on human rights before the European", "60HqWUMHMwc-00091-00053912-00054472": "parliament took further steps in the EVFTA and IPA ratification process.", "60HqWUMHMwc-00092-00054472-00054976": "The latest report by Defend the Defenders released on Jan 1 said that Vietnam", "60HqWUMHMwc-00093-00054976-00055472": "is holding at least 239 prisoners of conscience in prisons or similar forms", "60HqWUMHMwc-00094-00055472-00055967": "of detention. However, Vietnam has always denied", "60HqWUMHMwc-00095-00055967-00056320": "holding prisoners of conscience.", "60HqWUMHMwc-00096-00056320-00056840": "An annual report on CIVICUS's global civil space, released last December,", "60HqWUMHMwc-00097-00056840-00057304": "said Vietnam was among the 24 countries in the world with 'stifling' civilian", "60HqWUMHMwc-00098-00057304-00057784": "space with little progress on human rights and the world needs pressure to force", "60HqWUMHMwc-00099-00057784-00058304": "Vietnam to fulfill its commitments. There was also a recent appeal to the EP", "60HqWUMHMwc-00100-00058304-00058816": "in Belgium on Jan 21, the day the legislature's International Trade", "60HqWUMHMwc-00101-00058816-00059367": "Commission was said to be \"meeting to decide", "60HqWUMHMwc-00102-00059367-00059904": "whether to approve standard terms of EVFTA or not.”", "60HqWUMHMwc-00103-00059904-00060384": "\"Simply by voting in favor, without requiring anything from the Vietnamese", "60HqWUMHMwc-00104-00060384-00060855": "government, is wasting a unique opportunity", "60HqWUMHMwc-00105-00060855-00061432": "for positive change in (Vietnam),\" according to HRW.", "60HqWUMHMwc-00106-00061432-00061912": "The EP opened an internal investigation after a member said that she had", "60HqWUMHMwc-00107-00061912-00062424": "received a gift of a bottle of champagne from the Vietnamese Embassy", "60HqWUMHMwc-00108-00062424-00062888": "just a day before the meeting to give votes for a trade agreement", "60HqWUMHMwc-00109-00062888-00063191": "between the EU and Vietnam on Jan 21", "60HqWUMHMwc-00110-00063191-00063696": ">> This is an image of the Twitter page of the European congresswoman", "60HqWUMHMwc-00111-00063696-00064152": "Ellie Chowns with a gift of champagne", "60HqWUMHMwc-00112-00064152-00064504": "from the Vietnam Embassy sent to the voting day", "60HqWUMHMwc-00113-00064504-00064967": "According to the British newspaper, European parliamentarians were ordered", "60HqWUMHMwc-00114-00064967-00065352": "to follow strict anti-corruption guidelines. Accordingly, they can not accept gifts", "60HqWUMHMwc-00115-00065352-00065712": "from outside worth more than 150 Euro.", "60HqWUMHMwc-00116-00065712-00066240": "On January 20, Congressman Ellie Chowns posted on hes Twitter page", "60HqWUMHMwc-00117-00066240-00066800": "a photo of a bottle of champagne Moet & Chandon and a postcard", "60HqWUMHMwc-00118-00066800-00067344": "from the Vietnamese Embassy, ​​accompanied by the quote: “Tomorrow,", "60HqWUMHMwc-00119-00067344-00067848": "the European Trade Commission votes on the EVFTA agreement. Today, I received", "60HqWUMHMwc-00120-00067848-00068384": "this item in my office: a champagne gift from the Vietnamese embassy.", "60HqWUMHMwc-00121-00068384-00068952": "Completely inconsistent and blatant. I will return to them, explaining that", "60HqWUMHMwc-00122-00068952-00069488": "the release of political prisoners will affect me more ... ”.", "60HqWUMHMwc-00123-00069488-00070080": "After Ms. Chowns posted her message on Twitter, many commentators said that", "60HqWUMHMwc-00124-00070080-00070616": "giving Tet to a congressman at a time when an important voting session", "60HqWUMHMwc-00125-00070616-00071136": "for EVFTA was an act of \"bribery.\" However, there are also some advocates", "60HqWUMHMwc-00126-00071136-00071656": "and this is a normal custom of Vietnamese people every Tet.", "60HqWUMHMwc-00127-00071656-00072416": "It is reported that in addition to Mrs. Chowns,", "60HqWUMHMwc-00128-00072416-00073304": "a number of other EP delegates also received similar gifts.", "60HqWUMHMwc-00129-00073784-00074464": "The Vietnamese government can no longer cover the illegal atrocities", "60HqWUMHMwc-00130-00074464-00075224": "in Dong Tam when hundreds of articles and photos spread throughout", "60HqWUMHMwc-00131-00075224-00076048": "social networks and independent newspapers. The international press", "60HqWUMHMwc-00132-00076048-00076744": "has joined together to awaken human conscience and human rights activists", "60HqWUMHMwc-00133-00076744-00077408": "around the world to speak out for the victims in Dong Tam.", "60HqWUMHMwc-00134-00077408-00077936": ">> Ms. Saskia Bricmont's Twitter page that is a member of the INTA", "60HqWUMHMwc-00135-00077936-00078440": "and her Twitter page about the Dong Tam case", "60HqWUMHMwc-00136-00078440-00078960": "“How will the EP be able to really ratify the EVFTA in February with a country", "60HqWUMHMwc-00137-00078960-00079504": "that terrorizes and suppresses its own people  like the Vietnamese state,”", "60HqWUMHMwc-00138-00079504-00080000": "Senator Saskia Bricmont wrote on Twitter on Jan 18.", "60HqWUMHMwc-00139-00080000-00080520": "Saskia Bricmont is an INTA’s member. The committee is in charge", "60HqWUMHMwc-00140-00080520-00081024": "of external economic relations, including trade agreements.", "60HqWUMHMwc-00141-00081024-00081560": "On her Twitter page, Belgian congresswoman", "60HqWUMHMwc-00142-00081560-00082104": "Saskia Bricmont also quoted an English article reporting on the attack", "60HqWUMHMwc-00143-00082104-00082560": "on Dong Tam in The Vietnamese and said that the Vietnamese state", "60HqWUMHMwc-00144-00082560-00083208": "was a terrorist state suppressing the people.", "60HqWUMHMwc-00145-00083208-00085184": ">>> A video of Ms. Du Thi Thanh who witnessing the attack of the Ministry of Public Security in which police killed Mr. Le Dinh Kinh", "60HqWUMHMwc-00146-00095104-00095696": "With the unlawful tyranny, the persons most responsible for that are", "60HqWUMHMwc-00147-00095696-00096392": "General Secretary Nguyen Phu Trong, Prime Minister Nguyen Xuan Phuc, and", "60HqWUMHMwc-00148-00096392-00096912": "Minister of Public Security To Lam, has led to the risk of breaking the EVFTA.", "60HqWUMHMwc-00149-00096912-00097336": ">> Deputy Minister of Public Security Senior Lieutenant General", "60HqWUMHMwc-00150-00097336-00097792": "Nguyen Van Thanh, received Ambassador, Head of Delegation of the European Union", "60HqWUMHMwc-00151-00097792-00098144": "(EU) in Vietnam Mr. Pier Giorgio Aliberti", "60HqWUMHMwc-00152-00098144-00098624": "Virginie Battu-Henriksson, a spokesman for the European Union on Foreign", "60HqWUMHMwc-00153-00098624-00099128": "Relations and Security Policy, said that on  Jan 9, the day of the incident,", "60HqWUMHMwc-00154-00099128-00099664": "Ambassador Giorgio Aliberti, Head of the EU Delegation to Hanoi \"directly raised", "60HqWUMHMwc-00155-00099664-00100160": "the issue with Mr. Mai Tien Dung, head of the Office of the Government, expressing", "60HqWUMHMwc-00156-00100160-00100632": "concerns and reservations about how security forces handled the situation.\"", "60HqWUMHMwc-00157-00100632-00101120": "Ms. Battu-Henriksson said: “The use of violence against civilians has resulted", "60HqWUMHMwc-00158-00101120-00101616": "in a worthy loss of life. We extend our condolences", "60HqWUMHMwc-00159-00101616-00101880": "to the families and friends of the victims.”", "60HqWUMHMwc-00160-00101880-00102360": "“This case will also be discussed at the upcoming EU-Vietnam Human Rights", "60HqWUMHMwc-00161-00102360-00102864": "Dialogue. \"The European Union expects the Vietnamese government to respect", "60HqWUMHMwc-00162-00102864-00103296": "the basic rights of its people to meet and express peaceful views", "60HqWUMHMwc-00163-00103296-00103656": "without facing any threat or use of force.\"", "60HqWUMHMwc-00164-00103656-00104048": "A spokesman for the European Union (EU) said that the organization", "60HqWUMHMwc-00165-00104048-00104440": "was \"concerned\" about the action \"resulting in a costly loss of life\"", "60HqWUMHMwc-00166-00104440-00104904": "in Dong Tam, and revealed it had \"asked\" to meet a senior officia", "60HqWUMHMwc-00167-00104904-00105200": "l of Vietnam’s Ministry of Public Security.", "60HqWUMHMwc-00168-00105200-00105792": "The economy, culture, society and people of Vietnam are increasingly integrated", "60HqWUMHMwc-00169-00105792-00106328": "with the world, but the leaders of the Communist Party such as General", "60HqWUMHMwc-00170-00106328-00106952": "Secretary Trong, Prime Minister Phuc and top legislator Nguyen Thi Kim Ngan", "60HqWUMHMwc-00171-00106952-00107496": "and the top party officials in Hanoi still cannot adapt to the progress", "60HqWUMHMwc-00172-00107496-00108024": "and civilization in the world. They continue to use the cruelty and suffering", "60HqWUMHMwc-00173-00108024-00108568": "Marxist-Leninist theory to suppress and restrain people in the backwardness.", "60HqWUMHMwc-00174-00108568-00109080": "The dark history of the nation for the past 75 years has been more than enough,", "60HqWUMHMwc-00175-00109080-00109528": "nearly 100 million Vietnamese people at home and abroad will work together", "60HqWUMHMwc-00176-00109528-00110032": "to crush the dark communism, to regain the life of Freedom and Democracy,", "60HqWUMHMwc-00177-00110032-00110856": "Justice and Prosperity right in the homeland of Vietnam."}}, {"audio_id": "60MN2PbiBPo", "text": {"60MN2PbiBPo-00000-00001137-00001266": "When I was young", "60MN2PbiBPo-00001-00001291-00001625": "There is always an obsession with people I like", "60MN2PbiBPo-00002-00001700-00001904": "Even if he doesn't like you", "60MN2PbiBPo-00003-00001933-00002187": "You will also run to where he is", "60MN2PbiBPo-00004-00002441-00002879": "After growing up a little, there was no glass heart", "60MN2PbiBPo-00005-00003033-00003416": "If you know a relationship is not suitable, let go in time", "60MN2PbiBPo-00006-00003595-00003825": "Did you find", "60MN2PbiBPo-00007-00003879-00004387": "As we age, our self-healing ability becomes stronger and stronger", "60MN2PbiBPo-00008-00004566-00004791": "I experienced a failed relationship before", "60MN2PbiBPo-00009-00004791-00005054": "It takes a long time to get out", "60MN2PbiBPo-00010-00005120-00005387": "There will even be some self-blame", "60MN2PbiBPo-00011-00005420-00005795": "I always feel that I am not good enough to keep each other", "60MN2PbiBPo-00012-00005970-00006104": "what about now", "60MN2PbiBPo-00013-00006154-00006462": "If you are wronged, you won’t make a big noise.", "60MN2PbiBPo-00014-00006516-00006808": "I won’t blame myself even if I fall in love", "60MN2PbiBPo-00015-00006900-00007091": "We understand more and more", "60MN2PbiBPo-00016-00007091-00007529": "Love others and love yourself", "60MN2PbiBPo-00017-00008000-00008304": "There is a saying in a relationship", "60MN2PbiBPo-00018-00008383-00008616": "You despise that the other person does not understand you enough", "60MN2PbiBPo-00019-00008616-00009083": "But the other party always has 10 million reasons to excuse themselves", "60MN2PbiBPo-00020-00009320-00009458": "in fact", "60MN2PbiBPo-00021-00009508-00009662": "He doesn't understand you enough", "60MN2PbiBPo-00022-00009687-00009920": "Not smart enough", "60MN2PbiBPo-00023-00009945-00010150": "It’s just that he didn’t love you that much.", "60MN2PbiBPo-00024-00010279-00010595": "So I don’t want to think about you", "60MN2PbiBPo-00025-00010712-00010866": "Life is big", "60MN2PbiBPo-00026-00010941-00011200": "Feelings are only part of it", "60MN2PbiBPo-00027-00011250-00011462": "When a person does not know how to cherish you", "60MN2PbiBPo-00028-00011475-00011695": "What you have to do is not to surrender", "60MN2PbiBPo-00029-00011762-00011991": "Still trying to make myself better", "60MN2PbiBPo-00030-00012200-00012820": "You can go to study to go to class to travel", "60MN2PbiBPo-00031-00012858-00013220": "To be whatever you want to be", "60MN2PbiBPo-00032-00013487-00013879": "You have to remember when you have a strong ability", "60MN2PbiBPo-00033-00013900-00014166": "You have the ability to choose not to be hurt", "60MN2PbiBPo-00034-00014291-00014470": "Don't trap yourself in place", "60MN2PbiBPo-00035-00014545-00014979": "You have to move forward to have more beautiful encounters", "60MN2PbiBPo-00036-00015083-00015250": "Even if he doesn't love you", "60MN2PbiBPo-00037-00015262-00015416": "In this world", "60MN2PbiBPo-00038-00015591-00015808": "There will always be someone who loves you", "60MN2PbiBPo-00039-00016104-00016337": "He will definitely come from the crowd", "60MN2PbiBPo-00040-00016575-00016808": "Give you a firm choice", "60MN2PbiBPo-00041-00016879-00017333": "And blatant preference"}}, {"audio_id": "612JxR4T2I0", "text": {"612JxR4T2I0-00000-00000661-00000919": "Hello, this is Lviv.Media channel, my name is Yuriy Lavrin", "612JxR4T2I0-00001-00000919-00001779": "We talk about liberation Kherson region with military observer, censor.net editor-in-chiief Yuriy Butusov", "612JxR4T2I0-00002-00001842-00002042": "- Good afternoon, Mr. Yuriy! -Hello!", "612JxR4T2I0-00003-00002067-00002736": "What is the situation in the Kherson region at this moment, how rapidly are our soldiers advancing there?", "612JxR4T2I0-00004-00002952-00003428": "The advance of our fighters is hindered by densely mined roads", "612JxR4T2I0-00005-00003521-00004103": "And the Russian Ministry of Defense has just announced that they have completely surrendered Kherson", "612JxR4T2I0-00006-00004157-00004603": "And the Russian troops fled to the left bank of the Dnieper", "612JxR4T2I0-00007-00004674-00005172": "That is, there are no enemy personnel in the city?", "612JxR4T2I0-00008-00005324-00005881": "The personnel of the troops of the Russian Federation completely escaped from Kherson", "612JxR4T2I0-00009-00005959-00007312": "-And why did they blow up the bridge? To protect themselves from our rapid attack on the left bank? -Yes", "612JxR4T2I0-00010-00007413-00008765": "Minister Reznikov recently stated that we need a week to liberate Kherson. Do we need this time for demining?", "612JxR4T2I0-00011-00008927-00010242": "I think demining will take much longer. As for Kherson - I think it will be liberated today, our troops will enter there", "612JxR4T2I0-00012-00010313-00011431": "Super. How will deoccupation of the right bank of the Dnieper affect the course of the war? What does it give us?", "612JxR4T2I0-00013-00011660-00012562": "The enemy bridgehead, which was the most dangerous part of the front, had just been destroyed", "612JxR4T2I0-00014-00012562-00013235": "It threatened a Russian offensive in the south of Ukraine. Now this bridgehead has been eliminated", "612JxR4T2I0-00015-00013327-00013730": "The strategic threat to the South has been eliminated", "612JxR4T2I0-00016-00013764-00015171": "You had the following post: the tank we captured earlier is pulling the newly captured tank of the occupiers", "612JxR4T2I0-00017-00015172-00016031": "How big will the \"Russian Lend-Lease\" be in the Kherson area?", "612JxR4T2I0-00018-00016119-00016898": "We see that the Russians are trying their best to protect themselves from the loss of military equipment", "612JxR4T2I0-00019-00016898-00018090": "We'll see. Now our soldiers must liberate Kherson and we'll see what losses the enemy suffered during this escape", "612JxR4T2I0-00020-00018227-00020029": "There are reports that the US is urging Ukraine to resume negotiations. Do you believe Ukraine will be forced to stop at Kherson?", "612JxR4T2I0-00021-00020176-00021386": "I do not think that anything can force Ukraine. The whole world is on our side, and we have the advantage at the front", "612JxR4T2I0-00022-00021387-00022529": "We have another aid from the USA in the amount of 400 million dollars. What caught your attention from this list?", "612JxR4T2I0-00023-00022715-00024030": "This is another tranche. Thus, the total amount of US military aid since February 24 exceeds 19 billion 300 million dollars", "612JxR4T2I0-00024-00024030-00025007": "This is another batch of artillery shells, high-precision missiles", "612JxR4T2I0-00025-00025044-00025903": "Four Avenger air defense systems appeared there for the first time. We need them very much", "612JxR4T2I0-00026-00025945-00027328": "Mr. Yuri, one last question. Many people, despite the message of the Russian military, expect that a trap has been prepared in Kherson.", "612JxR4T2I0-00027-00027328-00027614": "Is it possible or is it an idle fear?", "612JxR4T2I0-00028-00027822-00028500": "I don't see a trap here. The enemy suffered a strategic defeat and surrendered a huge territory", "612JxR4T2I0-00029-00028500-00028983": "It surrendered the only regional center of Ukraine that it had   managed to capture", "612JxR4T2I0-00030-00028983-00029812": "We destroyed the strategic bridgehead of the Russian troops, which threatened the South of Ukraine", "612JxR4T2I0-00031-00029812-00030838": "The threat to Odesa and Mykolaiv has been completely eliminated. I mean the ground threat. The shelling will continue", "612JxR4T2I0-00032-00030838-00032067": "This is a huge achievement. Of course, the enemy did everything to inflict losses on us by laying minefields", "612JxR4T2I0-00033-00032067-00032926": "There is a high density of mining. The enemy did everything to make it difficult for us to move on liberated territory", "612JxR4T2I0-00034-00032926-00033453": "That is why sappers will work intensively there for the next few weeks", "612JxR4T2I0-00035-00033453-00033752": "Thank you!"}}, {"audio_id": "61xCJZ-XP4Q", "text": {"61xCJZ-XP4Q-00000-00000010-00000056": "THERE ARE BETWEEN 7,700 AND", "61xCJZ-XP4Q-00001-00000056-00000063": "THERE ARE BETWEEN 7,700 AND", "61xCJZ-XP4Q-00002-00000063-00000106": "THERE ARE BETWEEN 7,700 AND 11,200 GRAY WOLVES IN THAT", "61xCJZ-XP4Q-00003-00000106-00000113": "THERE ARE BETWEEN 7,700 AND 11,200 GRAY WOLVES IN THAT", "61xCJZ-XP4Q-00004-00000113-00000126": "THERE ARE BETWEEN 7,700 AND 11,200 GRAY WOLVES IN THAT STATE.", "61xCJZ-XP4Q-00005-00000126-00000133": "11,200 GRAY WOLVES IN THAT STATE.", "61xCJZ-XP4Q-00006-00000133-00000200": "11,200 GRAY WOLVES IN THAT STATE. THIS ISN'T THE FIRST PROPOSAL TO", "61xCJZ-XP4Q-00007-00000200-00000206": "STATE. THIS ISN'T THE FIRST PROPOSAL TO", "61xCJZ-XP4Q-00008-00000206-00000273": "STATE. THIS ISN'T THE FIRST PROPOSAL TO REMOVE THE SPECIES FROM THE ESA", "61xCJZ-XP4Q-00009-00000273-00000280": "THIS ISN'T THE FIRST PROPOSAL TO REMOVE THE SPECIES FROM THE ESA", "61xCJZ-XP4Q-00010-00000280-00000303": "THIS ISN'T THE FIRST PROPOSAL TO REMOVE THE SPECIES FROM THE ESA LIST.", "61xCJZ-XP4Q-00011-00000303-00000310": "REMOVE THE SPECIES FROM THE ESA LIST.", "61xCJZ-XP4Q-00012-00000310-00000373": "REMOVE THE SPECIES FROM THE ESA LIST. IN 2011, THEY WERE DELISTED IN", "61xCJZ-XP4Q-00013-00000373-00000380": "LIST. IN 2011, THEY WERE DELISTED IN", "61xCJZ-XP4Q-00014-00000380-00000443": "LIST. IN 2011, THEY WERE DELISTED IN THE WESTERN GREAT LAKES AREA,", "61xCJZ-XP4Q-00015-00000443-00000450": "IN 2011, THEY WERE DELISTED IN THE WESTERN GREAT LAKES AREA,", "61xCJZ-XP4Q-00016-00000450-00000503": "IN 2011, THEY WERE DELISTED IN THE WESTERN GREAT LAKES AREA, WHICH INCLUDES MICHIGAN,", "61xCJZ-XP4Q-00017-00000503-00000510": "THE WESTERN GREAT LAKES AREA, WHICH INCLUDES MICHIGAN,", "61xCJZ-XP4Q-00018-00000510-00000563": "THE WESTERN GREAT LAKES AREA, WHICH INCLUDES MICHIGAN, MINNESOTA AND WISCONSIN.", "61xCJZ-XP4Q-00019-00000563-00000570": "WHICH INCLUDES MICHIGAN, MINNESOTA AND WISCONSIN.", "61xCJZ-XP4Q-00020-00000570-00000630": "WHICH INCLUDES MICHIGAN, MINNESOTA AND WISCONSIN. THEY WERE RELISTED AGAIN IN", "61xCJZ-XP4Q-00021-00000630-00000637": "MINNESOTA AND WISCONSIN. THEY WERE RELISTED AGAIN IN", "61xCJZ-XP4Q-00022-00000637-00000797": "MINNESOTA AND WISCONSIN. THEY WERE RELISTED AGAIN IN 2014.", "61xCJZ-XP4Q-00023-00000797-00000927": ">>> LIBRARIES ACROSS THE COUNTRY", "61xCJZ-XP4Q-00024-00000927-00000934": ">>> LIBRARIES ACROSS THE COUNTRY", "61xCJZ-XP4Q-00025-00000934-00000997": ">>> LIBRARIES ACROSS THE COUNTRY ARE ENCOURAGING TEENS, PARENTS", "61xCJZ-XP4Q-00026-00000997-00001004": ">>> LIBRARIES ACROSS THE COUNTRY ARE ENCOURAGING TEENS, PARENTS", "61xCJZ-XP4Q-00027-00001004-00001117": ">>> LIBRARIES ACROSS THE COUNTRY ARE ENCOURAGING TEENS, PARENTS AND EDUCATORS TO CELEBRATE TEEN", "61xCJZ-XP4Q-00028-00001117-00001124": "ARE ENCOURAGING TEENS, PARENTS AND EDUCATORS TO CELEBRATE TEEN", "61xCJZ-XP4Q-00029-00001124-00001191": "ARE ENCOURAGING TEENS, PARENTS AND EDUCATORS TO CELEBRATE TEEN TECH WEEK, A NATIONAL INITIATIVE", "61xCJZ-XP4Q-00030-00001191-00001197": "AND EDUCATORS TO CELEBRATE TEEN TECH WEEK, A NATIONAL INITIATIVE", "61xCJZ-XP4Q-00031-00001197-00001284": "AND EDUCATORS TO CELEBRATE TEEN TECH WEEK, A NATIONAL INITIATIVE THAT TAKES PLACE ANNUALLY THE", "61xCJZ-XP4Q-00032-00001284-00001291": "TECH WEEK, A NATIONAL INITIATIVE THAT TAKES PLACE ANNUALLY THE", "61xCJZ-XP4Q-00033-00001291-00001391": "TECH WEEK, A NATIONAL INITIATIVE THAT TAKES PLACE ANNUALLY THE SECOND WEEKEND OF MARCH AIMED TO", "61xCJZ-XP4Q-00034-00001391-00001398": "THAT TAKES PLACE ANNUALLY THE SECOND WEEKEND OF MARCH AIMED TO", "61xCJZ-XP4Q-00035-00001398-00001508": "THAT TAKES PLACE ANNUALLY THE SECOND WEEKEND OF MARCH AIMED TO ENSURE THAT TEENS ARE COMPETENT", "61xCJZ-XP4Q-00036-00001508-00001514": "SECOND WEEKEND OF MARCH AIMED TO ENSURE THAT TEENS ARE COMPETENT", "61xCJZ-XP4Q-00037-00001514-00001601": "SECOND WEEKEND OF MARCH AIMED TO ENSURE THAT TEENS ARE COMPETENT AND ETHICAL USERS OF DIGITAL", "61xCJZ-XP4Q-00038-00001601-00001608": "ENSURE THAT TEENS ARE COMPETENT AND ETHICAL USERS OF DIGITAL", "61xCJZ-XP4Q-00039-00001608-00001725": "ENSURE THAT TEENS ARE COMPETENT AND ETHICAL USERS OF DIGITAL MEDIA.", "61xCJZ-XP4Q-00040-00001725-00001731": "AND ETHICAL USERS OF DIGITAL MEDIA.", "61xCJZ-XP4Q-00041-00001731-00001895": "AND ETHICAL USERS OF DIGITAL MEDIA. THE BRAINERD PUBLIC LIBRARY HAS", "61xCJZ-XP4Q-00042-00001895-00001901": "MEDIA. THE BRAINERD PUBLIC LIBRARY HAS", "61xCJZ-XP4Q-00043-00001901-00002018": "MEDIA. THE BRAINERD PUBLIC LIBRARY HAS HOSTED EVENTS THROUGHOUT THE", "61xCJZ-XP4Q-00044-00002018-00002025": "THE BRAINERD PUBLIC LIBRARY HAS HOSTED EVENTS THROUGHOUT THE", "61xCJZ-XP4Q-00045-00002025-00002122": "THE BRAINERD PUBLIC LIBRARY HAS HOSTED EVENTS THROUGHOUT THE WEEK.", "61xCJZ-XP4Q-00046-00002122-00002128": "HOSTED EVENTS THROUGHOUT THE WEEK.", "61xCJZ-XP4Q-00047-00002128-00002255": "HOSTED EVENTS THROUGHOUT THE WEEK. TODAY TEENS WERE ABLE TO CREATE", "61xCJZ-XP4Q-00048-00002255-00002262": "WEEK. TODAY TEENS WERE ABLE TO CREATE", "61xCJZ-XP4Q-00049-00002262-00002469": "WEEK. TODAY TEENS WERE ABLE TO CREATE THEIR OWN STOP MOTION ANIMATION.", "61xCJZ-XP4Q-00050-00002469-00002475": "TODAY TEENS WERE ABLE TO CREATE THEIR OWN STOP MOTION ANIMATION.", "61xCJZ-XP4Q-00051-00002475-00002826": "TODAY TEENS WERE ABLE TO CREATE THEIR OWN STOP MOTION ANIMATION. TEEN TECH WEEK WAS FOUNDED IN", "61xCJZ-XP4Q-00052-00002826-00002832": "THEIR OWN STOP MOTION ANIMATION. TEEN TECH WEEK WAS FOUNDED IN", "61xCJZ-XP4Q-00053-00002832-00003049": "THEIR OWN STOP MOTION ANIMATION. TEEN TECH WEEK WAS FOUNDED IN IN 2007 IN ORDER TO ENCOURAGE", "61xCJZ-XP4Q-00054-00003049-00003056": "TEEN TECH WEEK WAS FOUNDED IN IN 2007 IN ORDER TO ENCOURAGE", "61xCJZ-XP4Q-00055-00003056-00003199": "TEEN TECH WEEK WAS FOUNDED IN IN 2007 IN ORDER TO ENCOURAGE LIBRARIES TO CONNECT WITH THE", "61xCJZ-XP4Q-00056-00003199-00003206": "IN 2007 IN ORDER TO ENCOURAGE LIBRARIES TO CONNECT WITH THE", "61xCJZ-XP4Q-00057-00003206-00003336": "IN 2007 IN ORDER TO ENCOURAGE LIBRARIES TO CONNECT WITH THE MILLIONS OF TEENS THAT DO NOT", "61xCJZ-XP4Q-00058-00003336-00003343": "LIBRARIES TO CONNECT WITH THE MILLIONS OF TEENS THAT DO NOT", "61xCJZ-XP4Q-00059-00003343-00003670": "LIBRARIES TO CONNECT WITH THE MILLIONS OF TEENS THAT DO NOT HAVE ACCESS TO A HOME COMPUTER.", "61xCJZ-XP4Q-00060-00003670-00003676": "MILLIONS OF TEENS THAT DO NOT HAVE ACCESS TO A HOME COMPUTER.", "61xCJZ-XP4Q-00061-00003676-00003777": "MILLIONS OF TEENS THAT DO NOT HAVE ACCESS TO A HOME COMPUTER. THE BRAINERD PUBLIC LIBRARY", "61xCJZ-XP4Q-00062-00003777-00003783": "HAVE ACCESS TO A HOME COMPUTER. THE BRAINERD PUBLIC LIBRARY", "61xCJZ-XP4Q-00063-00003783-00003883": "HAVE ACCESS TO A HOME COMPUTER. THE BRAINERD PUBLIC LIBRARY HOPES TO ATTRACT A WIDE VARIETY", "61xCJZ-XP4Q-00064-00003883-00003890": "THE BRAINERD PUBLIC LIBRARY HOPES TO ATTRACT A WIDE VARIETY", "61xCJZ-XP4Q-00065-00003890-00004003": "THE BRAINERD PUBLIC LIBRARY HOPES TO ATTRACT A WIDE VARIETY OF TEENAGERS AND INCREASE TEEN", "61xCJZ-XP4Q-00066-00004003-00004010": "HOPES TO ATTRACT A WIDE VARIETY OF TEENAGERS AND INCREASE TEEN", "61xCJZ-XP4Q-00067-00004010-00004511": "HOPES TO ATTRACT A WIDE VARIETY OF TEENAGERS AND INCREASE TEEN TECHNOLOGY LITERACY LOCALLY.", "61xCJZ-XP4Q-00068-00004511-00004517": "OF TEENAGERS AND INCREASE TEEN TECHNOLOGY LITERACY LOCALLY.", "61xCJZ-XP4Q-00069-00004517-00004768": "OF TEENAGERS AND INCREASE TEEN TECHNOLOGY LITERACY LOCALLY. >> LIBRARIES ACT AS KIND OF A", "61xCJZ-XP4Q-00070-00004768-00004774": "TECHNOLOGY LITERACY LOCALLY. >> LIBRARIES ACT AS KIND OF A", "61xCJZ-XP4Q-00071-00004774-00004961": "TECHNOLOGY LITERACY LOCALLY. >> LIBRARIES ACT AS KIND OF A PLACE WHERE ANYONE CAN HAVE", "61xCJZ-XP4Q-00072-00004961-00004968": ">> LIBRARIES ACT AS KIND OF A PLACE WHERE ANYONE CAN HAVE", "61xCJZ-XP4Q-00073-00004968-00005165": ">> LIBRARIES ACT AS KIND OF A PLACE WHERE ANYONE CAN HAVE ACCESS TO ANYTHING REGARDLESS OF", "61xCJZ-XP4Q-00074-00005165-00005171": "PLACE WHERE ANYONE CAN HAVE ACCESS TO ANYTHING REGARDLESS OF", "61xCJZ-XP4Q-00075-00005171-00005211": "PLACE WHERE ANYONE CAN HAVE ACCESS TO ANYTHING REGARDLESS OF INCOME.", "61xCJZ-XP4Q-00076-00005211-00005218": "ACCESS TO ANYTHING REGARDLESS OF INCOME.", "61xCJZ-XP4Q-00077-00005218-00005328": "ACCESS TO ANYTHING REGARDLESS OF INCOME. I THINK THAT'S REALLY IMPORTANT", "61xCJZ-XP4Q-00078-00005328-00005335": "INCOME. I THINK THAT'S REALLY IMPORTANT", "61xCJZ-XP4Q-00079-00005335-00005438": "INCOME. I THINK THAT'S REALLY IMPORTANT IN TERMS OF PROVIDING", "61xCJZ-XP4Q-00080-00005438-00005445": "I THINK THAT'S REALLY IMPORTANT IN TERMS OF PROVIDING", "61xCJZ-XP4Q-00081-00005445-00005618": "I THINK THAT'S REALLY IMPORTANT IN TERMS OF PROVIDING PROGRAMMING FOR CHILDREN AND", "61xCJZ-XP4Q-00082-00005618-00005625": "IN TERMS OF PROVIDING PROGRAMMING FOR CHILDREN AND", "61xCJZ-XP4Q-00083-00005625-00005678": "IN TERMS OF PROVIDING PROGRAMMING FOR CHILDREN AND TEENS.", "61xCJZ-XP4Q-00084-00005678-00005685": "PROGRAMMING FOR CHILDREN AND TEENS.", "61xCJZ-XP4Q-00085-00005685-00005985": "PROGRAMMING FOR CHILDREN AND TEENS. IT'S SOMEWHERE THEY CAN GO TO BE", "61xCJZ-XP4Q-00086-00005985-00005992": "TEENS. IT'S SOMEWHERE THEY CAN GO TO BE", "61xCJZ-XP4Q-00087-00005992-00006136": "TEENS. IT'S SOMEWHERE THEY CAN GO TO BE CREATIVE AND LEARN SOMETHING NEW", "61xCJZ-XP4Q-00088-00006136-00006142": "IT'S SOMEWHERE THEY CAN GO TO BE CREATIVE AND LEARN SOMETHING NEW", "61xCJZ-XP4Q-00089-00006142-00006546": "IT'S SOMEWHERE THEY CAN GO TO BE CREATIVE AND LEARN SOMETHING NEW AND FEEL COMFORTABLE DOING THAT", "61xCJZ-XP4Q-00090-00006546-00006553": "CREATIVE AND LEARN SOMETHING NEW AND FEEL COMFORTABLE DOING THAT", "61xCJZ-XP4Q-00091-00006553-00006636": "CREATIVE AND LEARN SOMETHING NEW AND FEEL COMFORTABLE DOING THAT HERE.", "61xCJZ-XP4Q-00092-00006636-00006643": "AND FEEL COMFORTABLE DOING THAT HERE.", "61xCJZ-XP4Q-00093-00006643-00006716": "AND FEEL COMFORTABLE DOING THAT HERE. >>Dennis: TEENAGERS ARE INVITED", "61xCJZ-XP4Q-00094-00006716-00006723": "HERE. >>Dennis: TEENAGERS ARE INVITED", "61xCJZ-XP4Q-00095-00006723-00006786": "HERE. >>Dennis: TEENAGERS ARE INVITED TO STOP BY THE BRAINERD PUBLIC", "61xCJZ-XP4Q-00096-00006786-00006793": ">>Dennis: TEENAGERS ARE INVITED TO STOP BY THE BRAINERD PUBLIC", "61xCJZ-XP4Q-00097-00006793-00006860": ">>Dennis: TEENAGERS ARE INVITED TO STOP BY THE BRAINERD PUBLIC LIBRARY THIS WEEK TO PARTICIPATE", "61xCJZ-XP4Q-00098-00006860-00006866": "TO STOP BY THE BRAINERD PUBLIC LIBRARY THIS WEEK TO PARTICIPATE", "61xCJZ-XP4Q-00099-00006866-00006973": "TO STOP BY THE BRAINERD PUBLIC LIBRARY THIS WEEK TO PARTICIPATE IN A QR CODE SCAVENGER HUNT THAT", "61xCJZ-XP4Q-00100-00006973-00006980": "LIBRARY THIS WEEK TO PARTICIPATE IN A QR CODE SCAVENGER HUNT THAT", "61xCJZ-XP4Q-00101-00006980-00007023": "LIBRARY THIS WEEK TO PARTICIPATE IN A QR CODE SCAVENGER HUNT THAT IS GOING ON AT THE LIBRARY"}}, {"audio_id": "62-JApeaafu", "text": {"62-JApeaafu-00000-00000068-00000318": "(happy music)", "62-JApeaafu-00001-00000544-00000764": "- So I really think that knew that I knew", "62-JApeaafu-00002-00000764-00000939": "UA was going to be the right choice for me", "62-JApeaafu-00003-00000939-00001189": "after I left the other campus that I toured.", "62-JApeaafu-00004-00001189-00001316": "So up until that point,", "62-JApeaafu-00005-00001316-00001550": "I was kinda torn and then I left", "62-JApeaafu-00006-00001550-00001964": "and I kinda tried to make the decision a little harder", "62-JApeaafu-00007-00001964-00002070": "than it had to be.", "62-JApeaafu-00008-00002070-00002288": "Then I left without it feeling that calm", "62-JApeaafu-00009-00002288-00002687": "and so I knew immediately UA was the place for me.", "62-JApeaafu-00010-00002687-00002820": "I got to come to Girls State,", "62-JApeaafu-00011-00002820-00002972": "got to see more the academic side,", "62-JApeaafu-00012-00002972-00003111": "grew up coming to game days.", "62-JApeaafu-00013-00003111-00003314": "So I really had the opportunity to see", "62-JApeaafu-00014-00003314-00003533": "what it was gonna be like as a student,", "62-JApeaafu-00015-00003533-00003696": "but I really just knew", "62-JApeaafu-00016-00003696-00003865": "that it was gonna be home for me from the get-go.", "62-JApeaafu-00017-00003865-00004082": "Overall, we have about 40% of our classes", "62-JApeaafu-00018-00004082-00004268": "have 20 or fewer students,", "62-JApeaafu-00019-00004268-00004362": "so it's really nice.", "62-JApeaafu-00020-00004362-00004630": "You get the one on one time with your professor", "62-JApeaafu-00021-00004630-00004895": "and then also just engaging with your peers.", "62-JApeaafu-00022-00004895-00005048": "That's what I really enjoyed about high school", "62-JApeaafu-00023-00005048-00005263": "was getting to know the people that were sitting around me.", "62-JApeaafu-00024-00005263-00005454": "So I was glad to know that I was going to be able to have", "62-JApeaafu-00025-00005454-00005627": "that moving forward moving into my college years as well.", "62-JApeaafu-00026-00005627-00005868": "(happy tune)"}}, {"audio_id": "62CqTslL4jE", "text": {"62CqTslL4jE-00000-00000385-00000585": "Hi, my name is David Vanderbilt,", "62CqTslL4jE-00001-00000585-00001218": "I am at Rutgers University, in New Jersey. I am gonna talk a little bit about how to find material", "62CqTslL4jE-00002-00001218-00001561": "realizations of topological insulators.", "62CqTslL4jE-00003-00001561-00002100": "I have a little chart here that summarizes some of the kinds of topological insulators.", "62CqTslL4jE-00004-00002100-00002728": "Up to now in the course, as I understand, you've been focusing on 2D topological insulators.", "62CqTslL4jE-00005-00002728-00003319": "The Chern Insulator realized by the Haldane model and the Quantum Spin Hall insulator", "62CqTslL4jE-00006-00003319-00003824": "which is kind of a doubled, time-reversal invariant version of that.", "62CqTslL4jE-00007-00003824-00004376": "In this segment you will be learning more about 3D strong topological insulator which", "62CqTslL4jE-00008-00004376-00004810": "are also non-magnetic materials with TRS.", "62CqTslL4jE-00009-00004810-00005510": "We can fill out this chart by also having here Chern crystals, but I've written that as question", "62CqTslL4jE-00010-00005612-00006235": "mark because the 3D versions of Chern insulators, well, they can exist in principle but we're", "62CqTslL4jE-00011-00006235-00006469": "still working very hard on realization of this.", "62CqTslL4jE-00012-00006469-00007169": "In fact let me just review the history. Since the field of topological insulators began,", "62CqTslL4jE-00013-00007171-00007346": "almost 10 years ago,", "62CqTslL4jE-00014-00007346-00008370": "relatively quickly we found experimental examples of the quantum spin-Hall effect in Cd/HgTe inversion layers, and strong topological", "62CqTslL4jE-00015-00008390-00009047": "insulators, the dominant materials are in the bismuth selenide (BiSe) and bismuth telluride (BiTe) class.", "62CqTslL4jE-00016-00009047-00009890": "The Chern insulator concept was introduced by Haldane almost 30 years ago and it wasn't", "62CqTslL4jE-00017-00009924-00010622": "until 2013 that experimentally the first realization of this was found.", "62CqTslL4jE-00018-00010622-00011760": "These materials have substantial band gaps. The BiSe class materials have a band gap of half eV.", "62CqTslL4jE-00019-00011767-00012010": "By making ultra-thin films of these and doping them", "62CqTslL4jE-00020-00012010-00012385": "with magnetic impurities, and giving them", "62CqTslL4jE-00021-00012385-00013085": "properly the Tsinghua in China was able to demonstrate Chern Insulator behavior in 2013 for the first", "62CqTslL4jE-00022-00013183-00013391": "time, but this strategy", "62CqTslL4jE-00023-00013391-00014450": "gives you a very narrow band gap and so the quantization, the approximated quantization of the Chern response", "62CqTslL4jE-00024-00014463-00014769": "was only seen below about one degree kelvin.", "62CqTslL4jE-00025-00014769-00015280": "So we'd like to find a higher temperature, ideally a room temperature, examples of this", "62CqTslL4jE-00026-00015280-00015478": "class of materials.", "62CqTslL4jE-00027-00015478-00016153": "So, let's suppose we wanted to find a new kind of strong topological insulators, the BiSe", "62CqTslL4jE-00028-00016153-00016803": "class is good but it has some problems, for example the bulk conductivity is not as low", "62CqTslL4jE-00029-00016803-00017493": "as one would like, it turns to be leaky and therefore measurements of transport properties of surface", "62CqTslL4jE-00030-00017493-00017812": "states are complicated for example.", "62CqTslL4jE-00031-00017812-00018364": "So anyway we'd like to find new materials realizations. What do we need to find something", "62CqTslL4jE-00032-00018364-00018551": "like this?", "62CqTslL4jE-00033-00018551-00018932": "First of all it has to be an insulator, and that means it has to have a band gap. We'd like", "62CqTslL4jE-00034-00018932-00019632": "it to have a band gap of, let's say, greater than or equal to a quarter of an eV.", "62CqTslL4jE-00035-00019735-00020312": "That's about 10 times room temperature when you convert room temperature to energy by", "62CqTslL4jE-00036-00020312-00020817": "Boltzmann constant. So that would mean that the  number of thermally excited free carriers", "62CqTslL4jE-00037-00020817-00021282": "is E to the minus 10, that's a good rule of thumb for a robust insulator.", "62CqTslL4jE-00038-00021282-00022130": "So we'd like to have a band gap of, let's say, a quarter of an eV or more, but it can't have a band gap that's too large.", "62CqTslL4jE-00039-00022133-00022657": "And the reason has to do with spin orbit interaction. A spin orbit interaction is critical for creating", "62CqTslL4jE-00040-00022657-00023450": "this state and the strength of the spin-orbit interaction is only up to one eV. And so if", "62CqTslL4jE-00041-00023464-00023963": "I had something that had a band gap of two eV, I can tell that it's not going", "62CqTslL4jE-00042-00023963-00024191": "to be a strong topological insulator.", "62CqTslL4jE-00043-00024191-00024701": "So let me explain this a little better. First with respect to the strength of the spin-orbit interaction.", "62CqTslL4jE-00044-00024701-00025401": "I have a periodic table here. We'll just look at it briefly. It's a little bit of a peculiar periodic table", "62CqTslL4jE-00045-00025432-00026132": "because it's ilustrated with desserts, so that for example Osmium is Oreos, and F is flan, and so on.", "62CqTslL4jE-00046-00026383-00026985": "But ignoring that, I just want to basically point to parts of the periodic table. The strength of the spin-orbit interaction for the light", "62CqTslL4jE-00047-00026985-00027685": "atoms is tiny. It's a few meV. It comes from relativistic motion of electrons in the core", "62CqTslL4jE-00048-00027774-00028442": "of the atom, which is more or less absent for light atoms. As you get down to, let's say,", "62CqTslL4jE-00049-00028442-00029058": "germanium, it's about a tenth of an eV, as you get down to, let's say, tellurium, it's maybe getting up", "62CqTslL4jE-00050-00029058-00029733": "to a half of an eV, and by the time you get to led and bismuth, it's approaching one eV.", "62CqTslL4jE-00051-00029733-00030388": "You need to have this spin-orbit interaction because we know that if the spin-orbit interaction", "62CqTslL4jE-00052-00030388-00031087": "were zero any insulator would be a normal insulator, it would not be a strong topological insulator.", "62CqTslL4jE-00053-00031087-00031787": "The way you can think about it is this. If I start the material from the state where the spin-orbit", "62CqTslL4jE-00054-00031808-00032289": "interaction is set to zero - so theoretically I can adjust the strength of", "62CqTslL4jE-00055-00032289-00032990": "spin orbit interaction for a given material like BiSe... if I crank up the strength of the spin-orbit interaction,", "62CqTslL4jE-00056-00032990-00033710": "then it starts out being a normal insulator, or possibly a normal metal, but let's say a normal insulator,", "62CqTslL4jE-00057-00033710-00034241": "at some point the band gap closes and opens again, and when it opens, it opens into the", "62CqTslL4jE-00058-00034279-00034851": "topological insulator phase. But the amount by which these bands can be manipulated is limited", "62CqTslL4jE-00059-00034851-00035322": "by the strength of the spin-orbit interaction. So, let's say, if the heaviest thing in the compound", "62CqTslL4jE-00060-00035322-00035837": "it's tellurrium, that's half an eV, that's really a maximum, so you're never going to be able to manipulate", "62CqTslL4jE-00061-00035837-00036116": "the bands by more than that.", "62CqTslL4jE-00062-00036116-00036662": "That's the reason why we're typically looking at materials that have gaps from a quarter of an eV,", "62CqTslL4jE-00063-00036662-00037315": "to a half to three quarters of an eV. That's we are likely to find.", "62CqTslL4jE-00064-00037315-00037973": "Another concept is a band inversion. So the way that this comes about, that you have strong topological insulator,", "62CqTslL4jE-00065-00037973-00038673": "is that at one point in the Brillouin zone, usually one of the high symmetry points,", "62CqTslL4jE-00066-00038733-00039293": "there are two states of different symmetry, with an arrangement without spin-orbit interaction,", "62CqTslL4jE-00067-00039293-00039637": "which gets reversed when you turn on spin-orbit interaction.", "62CqTslL4jE-00068-00039637-00040281": "So in BiSe class this happens at a gamma point... and it comes, it's built out of this quintuple layers,", "62CqTslL4jE-00069-00040281-00040743": "and you have states that have even or odd parity of with respect to the center of the slab,", "62CqTslL4jE-00070-00040743-00041081": "that cross when you turn on spin-orbit interactions.", "62CqTslL4jE-00071-00041081-00041780": "So that's another feature that we usually look for, in trying to arrive at topological", "62CqTslL4jE-00072-00041780-00042850": "insulator materials. It's not, well, it's not absolutely required, but almost all the materials", "62CqTslL4jE-00073-00042859-00043194": "we know about follow that scenario.", "62CqTslL4jE-00074-00043194-00043970": "OK, so if we're looking for strong topological insulators we want to look for materials that", "62CqTslL4jE-00075-00043973-00044970": "are coming from bottom of the periodic table. And so the chalcogenides involving antimony, tellurium, bismuth, led and so on are mostly", "62CqTslL4jE-00076-00044979-00045424": "the materials that people are looking at.", "62CqTslL4jE-00077-00045424-00046124": "Let me change gears and talk a little bit about  the search for higher-temperature Chern Insulators.", "62CqTslL4jE-00078-00046150-00046821": "In this case again it has to be an insulator, so the same rule of thumb: if we want it to be working", "62CqTslL4jE-00079-00046821-00047402": "at room temperature we like the gap between a quarter and three quarters of an eV,", "62CqTslL4jE-00080-00047402-00047883": "because it's going to be strong spin orbit that's responsible for arranging this.", "62CqTslL4jE-00081-00047883-00048530": "And it has to be time-reversal broken so it has to be a ferromagnet, it has to be a ferromagnetic insulator.", "62CqTslL4jE-00082-00048537-00049007": "Unfortunately there aren't all that many ferromagnetic insulators in room temperature in Nature,", "62CqTslL4jE-00083-00049007-00049619": "but there are enough, there are some, and so there is enough that we have a reasonable search space.", "62CqTslL4jE-00084-00049619-00050284": "Okay, so again why is time-reversal... I am sorry, why is spin-orbit interaction", "62CqTslL4jE-00085-00050284-00050984": "needed in this case. The basic idea is you are going to have a strong magnetic state, so the spin", "62CqTslL4jE-00086-00050988-00051636": "up and spin down bands are separated, let's say the spin up bands are topologically normal,", "62CqTslL4jE-00087-00051636-00052312": "their Chern number is zero, the spin down bands have a Chern number of one, then that", "62CqTslL4jE-00088-00052312-00052664": "system would be a Chern Insulator.", "62CqTslL4jE-00089-00052664-00053166": "In order for this spin down band to have a Chern number of one, it has to have broken time-reversal symmetry.", "62CqTslL4jE-00090-00053166-00053736": "Well, you can say that there's already broken time-reversal symmetry because of the spin separation, because of", "62CqTslL4jE-00091-00053736-00054354": "the exchange interaction of the spins. And in fact all materials, all the magnetic materials", "62CqTslL4jE-00092-00054354-00054858": "we know of, this is how the magnetism comes about. It comes about in a spin sector, you get", "62CqTslL4jE-00093-00054858-00055558": "this exchange splitting which separates the up and down spins in energy to some degree.", "62CqTslL4jE-00094-00055589-00056289": "But if there's no spin orbit interaction this time reversal breaking in the spin sector never", "62CqTslL4jE-00095-00056367-00057067": "gets communicated to the orbital sector, so if there's no time-reversal symmetry... if there is no spin-orbit coupling,", "62CqTslL4jE-00096-00057073-00057773": "then this manifold of electrons in one spin channel cannot have a non zero Chern number because", "62CqTslL4jE-00097-00057845-00058279": "it sees an effective Hamiltonian that's real. Only when you turn on the spin-orbit interaction,", "62CqTslL4jE-00098-00058279-00058902": "then it sees an effective Hamiltonian that's complex, like the one that's in the Haldane model.", "62CqTslL4jE-00099-00058902-00059368": "So that's why you need strong spin orbit in this case as well. There's a possible out,", "62CqTslL4jE-00100-00059368-00059949": "some people have discussed the possibility that electron-electron interactions could possibly", "62CqTslL4jE-00101-00059949-00060641": "break time-reversal symmetry directly in the orbital sector instead of the spin sector. If that were true, then there would not be", "62CqTslL4jE-00102-00060641-00061182": "time-reversal symmetry, but that's kind of a wild speculation at the moment, I think.", "62CqTslL4jE-00103-00061182-00062060": "Okay, so again, coming back to trying to realize this case.. since it's a 2D system we really do", "62CqTslL4jE-00104-00062066-00062741": "have a lot of design space here. You can have something which is, let's say, at the interface between", "62CqTslL4jE-00105-00062741-00063268": "two materials, let's say between a magnetic material and a material with strong spin-orbit,", "62CqTslL4jE-00106-00063268-00063735": "you can have something like graphene, some people have talked about decorating graphene", "62CqTslL4jE-00107-00063735-00064162": "with magnetic ions, and led and bismuth", "62CqTslL4jE-00108-00064162-00064666": "We've done some work in our group, where we looked at the possibility of taking an insulating", "62CqTslL4jE-00109-00064666-00065366": "magnetic substrates and putting some monolayer, or fraction of a monolayer, of heavy atoms like led or bismuth on the surface.", "62CqTslL4jE-00110-00065845-00066482": "Other people have looked at taking 5d oxides. So, the 3d materials tends to be strongly", "62CqTslL4jE-00111-00066482-00067181": "magnetic, a 4d less, 5d somewhat less. But there are still magnetic 5d elements and", "62CqTslL4jE-00112-00067181-00067536": "the 5d elements also come with pretty strong spin-orbit interactions.", "62CqTslL4jE-00113-00067536-00068236": "So if you can arrange, let's say, for a plane of 5d magnetic ions to exist inside some material,", "62CqTslL4jE-00114-00068299-00068705": "this is another strategy that people have talked about.", "62CqTslL4jE-00115-00068706-00069306": "So I think it's interesting field, we're still in early days. So far the highest temperature", "62CqTslL4jE-00116-00069306-00069741": "Chern Insulator that we have is under one degree Kelvin, but I am sure that over the next", "62CqTslL4jE-00117-00069741-00070520": "five to ten years we'll find other examples, and greatly raise that limit. Whether we'll ever get to room temperature or not", "62CqTslL4jE-00118-00070520-00071220": "I don't know.. We don't have room temperature superconductors yet either, so maybe we have a long way", "62CqTslL4jE-00119-00071300-00071411": "to go.", "62CqTslL4jE-00120-00071411-00071895": "In any case, let me leave it here for the moment, and I will come back on the end of the segment."}}, {"audio_id": "638TXGU6TRA", "text": {"638TXGU6TRA-00000-00000508-00001053": ">> Having a good design methodology can help to create a more balanced course.", "638TXGU6TRA-00001-00001053-00001326": "We use the community of inquiry model.", "638TXGU6TRA-00002-00001326-00001986": "And the outcome is often more balanced than it might otherwise be.", "638TXGU6TRA-00003-00001986-00002598": "Instructors give consideration to developing components of their course that will enhance", "638TXGU6TRA-00004-00002598-00002794": "instructor presence.", "638TXGU6TRA-00005-00002794-00003279": "They also will think more about how their facilitating social presence for peer-to-peer", "638TXGU6TRA-00006-00003279-00003586": "interaction and, of course, cognitive presence.", "638TXGU6TRA-00007-00003586-00004246": "Without the design methodology as a framework, they often default to considering content", "638TXGU6TRA-00008-00004246-00004743": "as the primary -- content delivery as a primary goal of the course but through some coaching", "638TXGU6TRA-00009-00004743-00005457": "and provision of a good design methodology, they will have a picture of a course that", "638TXGU6TRA-00010-00005457-00005657": "includes all of those components.", "638TXGU6TRA-00011-00005657-00006021": ">> The community of inquiry model provides a framework that helps us think about how", "638TXGU6TRA-00012-00006021-00006577": "we can get our students working with each other and working with the instructor and", "638TXGU6TRA-00013-00006577-00006834": "working with the content in the course.", "638TXGU6TRA-00014-00006834-00007385": "Again, it's just a model that can be useful, but it doesn't necessarily explain everything", "638TXGU6TRA-00015-00007385-00008088": "about how we can promote effective discourse and effective engagement in a course.", "638TXGU6TRA-00016-00008088-00008577": "What it says is that we should think about the types of interactions that our learners", "638TXGU6TRA-00017-00008577-00008870": "would have in a couple different ways.", "638TXGU6TRA-00018-00008870-00009450": "One, learners will be, kind of, interacting with the content in some ways.", "638TXGU6TRA-00019-00009450-00009888": "A second way is that they're going to be interacting with each other, so learner-to-learner.", "638TXGU6TRA-00020-00009888-00010246": "And then third, they're going to be interacting with instructors in the course so that might", "638TXGU6TRA-00021-00010246-00010754": "be a teaching assistant, it might be a faculty member, it could be somebody from the outside,", "638TXGU6TRA-00022-00010754-00010909": "an outside expert.", "638TXGU6TRA-00023-00010909-00011618": "And so that can provide a way of looking at a course maybe from a 20,000 feet view and", "638TXGU6TRA-00024-00011618-00012271": "thinking about -- okay, are we providing opportunities for each of these three approaches?", "638TXGU6TRA-00025-00012271-00013092": "In most cases, the student-to-content interactions are pretty heavy in a course.", "638TXGU6TRA-00026-00013092-00013603": "And then we -- students usually will have an opportunity to interact with instructors", "638TXGU6TRA-00027-00013603-00013898": "as well so those are pretty common.", "638TXGU6TRA-00028-00013898-00014383": "But what's less common is really that effective peer-to-peer interactions as they, kind of,", "638TXGU6TRA-00029-00014383-00014566": "wrestle with content.", "638TXGU6TRA-00030-00014566-00015166": "And that's important because one of the challenges of an online course is that faculty can be", "638TXGU6TRA-00031-00015166-00015766": "overwhelmed dealing with student questions and trying to maintain a presence in the course", "638TXGU6TRA-00032-00015766-00016028": "without being online 24/7.", "638TXGU6TRA-00033-00016028-00016571": "And so if you can build in activities that let students interact with both the content", "638TXGU6TRA-00034-00016571-00017132": "and each other in effective ways and really be unpacking the content, raising questions,", "638TXGU6TRA-00035-00017132-00017843": "coming up with questions for each other and identifying areas where -- well, maybe they", "638TXGU6TRA-00036-00017843-00018262": "feel very comfortable with certain aspects of the content or areas that they are really", "638TXGU6TRA-00037-00018262-00018629": "struggling with, if they can do that in a way that -- where the community is working", "638TXGU6TRA-00038-00018629-00019065": "together to come up with those pieces of information then that can help the faculty member, kind", "638TXGU6TRA-00039-00019065-00019570": "of, look and, kind of, go through that and see, okay, what are -- where are the people", "638TXGU6TRA-00040-00019570-00019678": "struggling?", "638TXGU6TRA-00041-00019678-00020195": "And it can help direct the efforts that you -- to try and address some of those challenges", "638TXGU6TRA-00042-00020195-00020879": "or maybe spend less time on areas where students are clearly understanding the concepts in", "638TXGU6TRA-00043-00020879-00020999": "a strong way.", "638TXGU6TRA-00044-00020999-00021395": ">> Among the students themselves, I create opportunities within the course for them to", "638TXGU6TRA-00045-00021395-00021553": "actually talk to each other.", "638TXGU6TRA-00046-00021553-00022059": "So we have structured discussions that are an assessment in the course, but we also have", "638TXGU6TRA-00047-00022059-00022420": "general discussions about anything that's bothering them.", "638TXGU6TRA-00048-00022420-00022788": "I tell them, if you have a question, post it here.", "638TXGU6TRA-00049-00022788-00023153": "I'm going to wait because one of your colleagues is going to answer it.", "638TXGU6TRA-00050-00023153-00023678": "I tell them, a colleague of yours will answer it, a classmate, so that they understand that", "638TXGU6TRA-00051-00023678-00023835": "that's expected of them.", "638TXGU6TRA-00052-00023835-00024309": "And also they have a space in the course to just talk about anything, so they're posting", "638TXGU6TRA-00053-00024309-00024409": "recipes.", "638TXGU6TRA-00054-00024409-00024985": "They're posting movies, music, events that are going on in the community that might be", "638TXGU6TRA-00055-00024985-00025584": "useful or helpful to this community, this community of people speaking Spanish.", "638TXGU6TRA-00056-00025584-00025895": "So when is there a Spanish movie showing in the city?", "638TXGU6TRA-00057-00025895-00026001": "They can post it there.", "638TXGU6TRA-00058-00026001-00026350": "So we try to create these opportunities for them to just talk to each other.", "638TXGU6TRA-00059-00026350-00026699": "There are required opportunities and then there are optional opportunities.", "638TXGU6TRA-00060-00026699-00027144": ">> You know, my most basic strategy for getting discussions going, I think, in any class context", "638TXGU6TRA-00061-00027144-00027756": "but online as well, is to try to take the, perhaps, drier material from a textbook but", "638TXGU6TRA-00062-00027756-00028225": "relate it to students in ways so that they see in the world all around.", "638TXGU6TRA-00063-00028225-00028638": "One example I like to use is -- in my course, at one point we talk about behaviourism.", "638TXGU6TRA-00064-00028638-00028975": "And we talk about this notion called schedules of reinforcement.", "638TXGU6TRA-00065-00028975-00029520": "In the classic experiments, it's all about rats in a cage pressing levers and how they", "638TXGU6TRA-00066-00029520-00029936": "might press the lever differentially if they were rewarded every fourth press or every", "638TXGU6TRA-00067-00029936-00030287": "eighth press and what role randomness has in there.", "638TXGU6TRA-00068-00030287-00030655": "It's all interesting enough, but when you suddenly turn this into flirting behaviour", "638TXGU6TRA-00069-00030655-00030986": "and you talk to students about well, someone's smiling at you.", "638TXGU6TRA-00070-00030986-00031283": "How many times should they smile at you before you smile back?", "638TXGU6TRA-00071-00031283-00031602": "And what makes them most interested in you?", "638TXGU6TRA-00072-00031602-00031852": "But then ultimately, let's say you're not interested in them.", "638TXGU6TRA-00073-00031852-00032025": "What makes them give up on you?", "638TXGU6TRA-00074-00032025-00032180": "Something we call extinction.", "638TXGU6TRA-00075-00032180-00032639": "By talking about learning and extinction in the context of flirting, students now care.", "638TXGU6TRA-00076-00032639-00032959": "And they have all these questions come to mind and the discussion just erupts.", "638TXGU6TRA-00077-00032959-00033177": "So, in a general sense, that's my strategy.", "638TXGU6TRA-00078-00033177-00033733": "Bring the content to their world, and try to touch on their interest points.", "638TXGU6TRA-00079-00033733-00034107": ">> In terms of building the community through the duration of the term, there's a number", "638TXGU6TRA-00080-00034107-00034796": "of activities that both of the students and the teaching assistants are involved in and", "638TXGU6TRA-00081-00034796-00035597": "it follows a model -- five stage model that I learnt about that reflects the work of an", "638TXGU6TRA-00082-00035597-00035971": "individual by the name of Gilly Salmon.", "638TXGU6TRA-00083-00035971-00036633": "And this five stage model basically starts with trying to build a level of trust then", "638TXGU6TRA-00084-00036633-00037780": "having an activity that identifies how the team, in the context of the teams of four,", "638TXGU6TRA-00085-00037780-00038483": "will work and then has them involved in a series of activities where they are, in fact,", "638TXGU6TRA-00086-00038483-00039090": "hopefully involved in their learning with regards to the course concepts.", "638TXGU6TRA-00087-00039090-00040011": "So the initial work that is done in terms of implementing this model is that -- or requires", "638TXGU6TRA-00088-00040011-00040459": "the teaching assistants to reach out to the students that they're working with and try", "638TXGU6TRA-00089-00040459-00040640": "to establish a basis of trust.", "638TXGU6TRA-00090-00040640-00041419": "And this is all done through online communication through the use of discussion boards.", "638TXGU6TRA-00091-00041419-00041959": "From there, the teams' first activity is to develop a team contract.", "638TXGU6TRA-00092-00041959-00042615": "And the team contract will identify how they're going to work together and what they're going", "638TXGU6TRA-00093-00042615-00042769": "to be doing together.", "638TXGU6TRA-00094-00042769-00043396": "And this team contract is then vetted or shared with the respective teaching assistant who", "638TXGU6TRA-00095-00043396-00044125": "provides an evaluation, also provides them feedback, and then from there the teams are", "638TXGU6TRA-00096-00044125-00044653": "involved in a series of online discussions through the term.", "638TXGU6TRA-00097-00044653-00045236": "And those online discussions are focussed, again, on work on various activities related", "638TXGU6TRA-00098-00045236-00045487": "to concepts from the course."}}, {"audio_id": "63r6nkwZM3U", "text": {"63r6nkwZM3U-00000-00001980-00002830": "Hello and welcome to today’s lecture on Distributed Memory Multiprocessors. You may", "63r6nkwZM3U-00001-00002830-00003519": "recall that we have two basic models; one is known as uniform memory access or this", "63r6nkwZM3U-00002-00003519-00004251": "is also used for symmetric multiprocessor, where there is a shared memory connected to", "63r6nkwZM3U-00003-00004251-00004922": "the bus, and each processor has equal axis time. Now, on the other hand there is another", "63r6nkwZM3U-00004-00004922-00005589": "model is known as NUMA model, NUMA stands for Non Uniform Memory Access, and this NUMA", "63r6nkwZM3U-00005-00005589-00006278": "model you can see that you have got separate processors and the memory is not shared it", "63r6nkwZM3U-00006-00006278-00006753": "is not common. So, it is being distributed, so in this case", "63r6nkwZM3U-00007-00006753-00007245": "memory is distributed that is the reason why it is called distributed memory multiprocessor.", "63r6nkwZM3U-00008-00007245-00008075": "And each processor is having a part of the main memory, with it associated with it connected", "63r6nkwZM3U-00009-00008075-00008675": "through a bus, and then each of them is connected to the network.", "63r6nkwZM3U-00010-00008675-00009477": "So, we have seen the limitations of symmetric multiprocessors, in my last class we have", "63r6nkwZM3U-00011-00009477-00009959": "seen there is a centralize source in the system becomes bottle neck. So, whenever there is", "63r6nkwZM3U-00012-00009959-00010706": "a centralized resource and which is used by all the processors, then it becomes a bottle", "63r6nkwZM3U-00013-00010706-00011358": "neck. So, in the in case of your symmetric multi processor, we have seen that shared", "63r6nkwZM3U-00014-00011358-00012231": "bus is a bottle neck, because as the speed of the processors is increased, or if the", "63r6nkwZM3U-00015-00012231-00012677": "number of processors is increase, than the traffic on the bus increases.", "63r6nkwZM3U-00016-00012677-00013383": "And, as a consequences it puts a limit on the number of processors that can be connected", "63r6nkwZM3U-00017-00013383-00014233": "to this bus, so and the traffic there are two types of traffic, we have seen. The bus", "63r6nkwZM3U-00018-00014233-00014921": "must support both normal traffic; that means, when you are reading memory I mean when there", "63r6nkwZM3U-00019-00014921-00015416": "is a cache miss, you have to transfer data from the main memory to the cache that is", "63r6nkwZM3U-00020-00015416-00015929": "your normal traffic you can say. On the other hand there will be other traffic,", "63r6nkwZM3U-00021-00015929-00016511": "because they maintain coherence, so those are known as coherence traffic. And as the", "63r6nkwZM3U-00022-00016511-00016943": "speed of processors increases the number of processors that can be supported reduces,", "63r6nkwZM3U-00023-00016943-00017650": "as I have already mentioned. because the bus has a limited bandwidth. So, with the limited", "63r6nkwZM3U-00024-00017650-00018278": "bandwidth the number of processors that can be supported is restricted; now question arises", "63r6nkwZM3U-00025-00018278-00018988": "how the designer can increase the memory bandwidth. So, the memory bandwidth can if the memory", "63r6nkwZM3U-00026-00018988-00019454": "bandwidth can be increased, then the number of processors in the system can be increased", "63r6nkwZM3U-00027-00019454-00020044": "how can it be done, one possible approach is to use multiple buses. So, whenever you", "63r6nkwZM3U-00028-00020044-00020915": "use multiple buses then; obviously, the traffic on the bus, on each bus reduces and that may", "63r6nkwZM3U-00029-00020915-00021510": "help you to increase a number of processors. Another, alternative is to use multiple physical", "63r6nkwZM3U-00030-00021510-00022101": "banks, so whenever we have already discussed the use of multiple physical banks, and whenever", "63r6nkwZM3U-00031-00022101-00022752": "you have got multiple physical banks. Then; obviously, the reading from different, I mean", "63r6nkwZM3U-00032-00022752-00023326": "from different banks can be done separately, and that will also help you to increase the", "63r6nkwZM3U-00033-00023326-00023420": "number of processors.", "63r6nkwZM3U-00034-00023420-00024470": "So, this is these are the limitations, so in search of better alternative, we have another", "63r6nkwZM3U-00035-00024470-00025041": "new technique, as we merged that is known as directory based protocol, where you have", "63r6nkwZM3U-00036-00025041-00025800": "got distributed memory. So, in a distributed memory system, we shall use a special type", "63r6nkwZM3U-00037-00025800-00026524": "of protocol, which is which is known as directory base protocol, so we have seen in symmetric", "63r6nkwZM3U-00038-00026524-00026937": "multi processor. Since, it is a sharing a bus all the protocols", "63r6nkwZM3U-00039-00026937-00027743": "are bus based, so by monitoring the bus the bit any transaction that has taken place,", "63r6nkwZM3U-00040-00027743-00028311": "can be identified a processor can recognize that and appropriate action is taken. On the", "63r6nkwZM3U-00041-00028311-00028978": "other hand we shall see the, in this directory base protocol it is somewhat different, and", "63r6nkwZM3U-00042-00028978-00029387": "this is an alternative to this snoop based coherence protocol.", "63r6nkwZM3U-00043-00029387-00030044": "So, in any case we have to maintain that the cache coherence and with using this protocol", "63r6nkwZM3U-00044-00030044-00030669": "we shall be able to do that, and basic motivation behind this directory base protocol is that", "63r6nkwZM3U-00045-00030669-00031374": "it can be used to reduce the bandwidth demands in a centralize share memory machine. So,", "63r6nkwZM3U-00046-00031374-00031883": "a directory keeps the state of every block that may be cached; that means, I am we are", "63r6nkwZM3U-00047-00031883-00032505": "telling about directory based, what do you really mean by directory is a kind of database,", "63r6nkwZM3U-00048-00032505-00033196": "which that is there which keeps the state of every block, that may be cached, that may", "63r6nkwZM3U-00049-00033196-00033493": "be transferred from the main memory to the cache.", "63r6nkwZM3U-00050-00033493-00034187": "And information like which cache have copies of the block, whether a particular cache is", "63r6nkwZM3U-00051-00034187-00034915": "dirty and so on or whether it is shared by more than one processor. So, all this information", "63r6nkwZM3U-00052-00034915-00035637": "have to be stored in the directory for proper management of the, and to offer at cache coherence,", "63r6nkwZM3U-00053-00035637-00036199": "so the amount of information is to proportional to the product of the number of memory blocks,", "63r6nkwZM3U-00054-00036199-00036803": "and the number of processors. So, here we have seen that memory unit will have large", "63r6nkwZM3U-00055-00036803-00037336": "number of blocks, and for each block we have to maintain some information.", "63r6nkwZM3U-00056-00037336-00037856": "And similarly, for each block corresponding to each processor we have to maintain some", "63r6nkwZM3U-00057-00037856-00038321": "database, that is why the amount of information will be proportional to the product of the", "63r6nkwZM3U-00058-00038321-00039068": "number of blocks, in to the number of processors in the system. And to be went the directory", "63r6nkwZM3U-00059-00039068-00039628": "to become a bottle neck, the directory is distributed along the memory. Now, as the", "63r6nkwZM3U-00060-00039628-00040424": "size of the memory increases or in other words number of blocks increases, and as the number", "63r6nkwZM3U-00061-00040424-00040911": "of processors increases particularly in a distributed memory architecture the number", "63r6nkwZM3U-00062-00040911-00041266": "of processors can be hundreds.", "63r6nkwZM3U-00063-00041266-00041990": "It may be 100, 200 and more, so it will be large number of processors, contrary to symmetric", "63r6nkwZM3U-00064-00041990-00042468": "memory multi processors square, you can have at most few dozens of processors. Here, it", "63r6nkwZM3U-00065-00042468-00042988": "will be few hundreds of processors and as a consequence the size of the directory is", "63r6nkwZM3U-00066-00042988-00043900": "quite big pretty week, so if you where do you store that directory. So, what can be", "63r6nkwZM3U-00067-00043900-00044589": "done just like we have distributed the memory, we can also distribute the directory, and", "63r6nkwZM3U-00068-00044589-00045058": "that is what is being done different directory. If to prevent directory to become a bottle", "63r6nkwZM3U-00069-00045058-00045774": "neck the directory is distributed along with the memory, and different it has another advantage", "63r6nkwZM3U-00070-00045774-00046389": "different directory access to go to different, it has goes to different directories. That", "63r6nkwZM3U-00071-00046389-00047381": "means, the since it is ha divine distributed, so reference to a particular directory, will", "63r6nkwZM3U-00072-00047381-00048172": "go to a particular place and when there is another reference it will go to another place,", "63r6nkwZM3U-00073-00048172-00048714": "so it will help you reduce the traffic on a particular bus.", "63r6nkwZM3U-00074-00048714-00049715": "So, shall this see this in detail as we discuss the protocol, so this is the basic model you", "63r6nkwZM3U-00075-00049715-00050471": "can say that NUMA computer, Non Uniform Memory Access computer, and where you can use directory", "63r6nkwZM3U-00076-00050471-00051452": "base solution. So, we can see each processor along with the cache memory, and IO each of", "63r6nkwZM3U-00077-00051452-00052159": "them is a autonomous system, by autonomous I mean each of them can function independently,", "63r6nkwZM3U-00078-00052159-00052679": "each of them may be having it is own operating system that is one advantage in this.", "63r6nkwZM3U-00079-00052679-00053486": "So, and then we have a directory, so we have a directory and then that directory is maintaining", "63r6nkwZM3U-00080-00053486-00054039": "information about the different things that I have mention, and each of them is connected", "63r6nkwZM3U-00081-00054039-00054572": "through a inter connection network. So, through the inter connection network, they are connected,", "63r6nkwZM3U-00082-00054572-00056466": "and then this memory is being shared and by that I mean there is a single logical at the", "63r6nkwZM3U-00083-00056466-00056855": "space.", "63r6nkwZM3U-00084-00056855-00058151": "And of course, there is multiple physical space, so as you have seen here the memory", "63r6nkwZM3U-00085-00058151-00058750": "there are this is memory is been available in provided to each of the processors. So,", "63r6nkwZM3U-00086-00058750-00059555": "what can be done say for example, this is the address, the higher order bits can be", "63r6nkwZM3U-00087-00059555-00060514": "use to signify the memory associated with a particular processor, so memory associated", "63r6nkwZM3U-00088-00060514-00062223": "with a particular processor. So, if you have got 4 processors two bits", "63r6nkwZM3U-00089-00062223-00062947": "will be sufficient 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 or if you have got more than in case of this NUMA model", "63r6nkwZM3U-00090-00062947-00063466": "we have seen the number can be 100. So, the number of bits that will be required will", "63r6nkwZM3U-00091-00063466-00064056": "be dependent on the number of processors, and in the remaining bits can be used to reference", "63r6nkwZM3U-00092-00064056-00064835": "the memory with in that particular memory block in a associated with a processor.", "63r6nkwZM3U-00093-00064835-00065916": "That is how the memory is distributed in this particular case, now in NUMA computers the", "63r6nkwZM3U-00094-00065916-00066718": "messages have long latency, because we have it has been information has to go through", "63r6nkwZM3U-00095-00066718-00067347": "the inter connection network. And broadcast is inefficient because all messages have explicit", "63r6nkwZM3U-00096-00067347-00068225": "responses, so and main memory controller, you has to keep track of it which processors", "63r6nkwZM3U-00097-00068225-00068751": "are having cached copies of which memory locations and so on.", "63r6nkwZM3U-00098-00068751-00069399": "So, and on a right only need to inform the users not everyone; that means, where the", "63r6nkwZM3U-00099-00069399-00070131": "writing is taking place, and who are the users of that particular block that they are to", "63r6nkwZM3U-00100-00070131-00070802": "be inform, but not everyone. And similarly, whenever on a dirty read, whenever a read", "63r6nkwZM3U-00101-00070802-00071607": "is occurring and that is already modified by processor is that information has to be", "63r6nkwZM3U-00102-00071607-00072038": "forwarded to the owner; that means, owner means quiz reading it.", "63r6nkwZM3U-00103-00072038-00072900": "So, I shall going to the details of that particularly, this protocol that will be use this directory", "63r6nkwZM3U-00104-00072900-00073560": "this protocol is very similar to snoopy protocol, just like we have seen there are 3 states", "63r6nkwZM3U-00105-00073560-00074097": "with the help of each, we can explain the protocol. The way the reading, writing and", "63r6nkwZM3U-00106-00074097-00074687": "other things are access taking place, in this case the three states are shared, uncached", "63r6nkwZM3U-00107-00074687-00075287": "and exclusive. So, whenever a particular cache block will", "63r6nkwZM3U-00108-00075287-00076237": "be in the shared state, if one or more processors have data and memory is up to date; that means", "63r6nkwZM3U-00109-00076237-00077210": "that a more than one processor is has have copied it and memory is also up to date. That", "63r6nkwZM3U-00110-00077210-00077844": "means, the same copy not only its present in a memory, but also in the cache of more", "63r6nkwZM3U-00111-00077844-00078575": "than one processor, then we shall say it is shared and also it is updated; that means,", "63r6nkwZM3U-00112-00078575-00079193": "all the copies are identical. Then un cached no processor has data not valid", "63r6nkwZM3U-00113-00079193-00079837": "in cache; that means, in case of un cached the data is only present in the main memory,", "63r6nkwZM3U-00114-00079837-00080577": "and not no processor has cached it. And as a consequence I mean whenever a processor", "63r6nkwZM3U-00115-00080577-00081349": "has to read it, it has to read from the main memory, then the third state is exclusive", "63r6nkwZM3U-00116-00081349-00082143": "where one processor has the data. And in such a case what happens the memory from the main", "63r6nkwZM3U-00117-00082143-00082731": "memory, it is transferred to the cache of a particular processor and whenever, it is", "63r6nkwZM3U-00118-00082731-00083281": "transferred to a particular processor and whenever, it modifies it the that processor", "63r6nkwZM3U-00119-00083281-00083786": "becomes the exclusive user of that particular block of data.", "63r6nkwZM3U-00120-00083786-00084476": "So, exclusive state corresponds to one processor is the owner of data and memory may be out", "63r6nkwZM3U-00121-00084476-00085281": "of date, out of date means in a main memory the modification that has taken place in the", "63r6nkwZM3U-00122-00085281-00086932": "cache memory has not yet been return back. So, to keep the protocol simple, but it much", "63r6nkwZM3U-00123-00086932-00087667": "track each processors have data, when in the shared state usually implemented using bit", "63r6nkwZM3U-00124-00087667-00087698": "vector.", "63r6nkwZM3U-00125-00087698-00088398": "That means, suppose you have got 8th processors corresponding to 8th processors, you can have", "63r6nkwZM3U-00126-00088398-00089198": "8 bits, so if a particular say this corresponds to 0th processor this correspond to 8th processor.", "63r6nkwZM3U-00127-00089198-00089850": "So, whenever a particular processor copies the data that bit is modified to one, so in", "63r6nkwZM3U-00128-00089850-00090507": "this way if there is one present in more than one, bit that signifies that the same copy", "63r6nkwZM3U-00129-00090507-00091412": "of data is processed by more than one processor. And as a consequence it will be in the shared", "63r6nkwZM3U-00130-00091412-00092231": "state, and this bit vector signifies which processor will be having the copy, so writes", "63r6nkwZM3U-00131-00092231-00093220": "to non exclusive data; that means, whenever a particular processor tries to write a data,", "63r6nkwZM3U-00132-00093220-00094401": "which is non exclusive state. Then write means will occur and it will change the state from", "63r6nkwZM3U-00133-00094401-00095172": "exclusive to I mean a write miss will occur, then it will may be become exclusive, because", "63r6nkwZM3U-00134-00095172-00095595": "after the modification is done, then state will change to exclusive.", "63r6nkwZM3U-00135-00095595-00096077": "So, from non exclusive to it will change to exclusive, non exclusive means it can be shared", "63r6nkwZM3U-00136-00096077-00096744": "or in un cached state, and if it tries to write will be miss the write miss will be", "63r6nkwZM3U-00137-00096744-00097450": "generated on the bus. And then this state will change to exclusive and processor blocks", "63r6nkwZM3U-00138-00097450-00098430": "until access conflicts, so here some kind of you know it is not a shared bus. So, some", "63r6nkwZM3U-00139-00098430-00099062": "kind of serialization is necessary, because one operation has to be completed, so that", "63r6nkwZM3U-00140-00099062-00099687": "is why the processor blocks until access completes; that means, allow other processors to access", "63r6nkwZM3U-00141-00099687-00100231": "it. And assume messages received and acted up", "63r6nkwZM3U-00142-00100231-00100967": "on in order sent so; that means, when a particular message is sent, then that appropriate action", "63r6nkwZM3U-00143-00100967-00101908": "for that message is performed only then other messages will be exit. And appropriate action", "63r6nkwZM3U-00144-00101908-00102536": "will be taken, so this is the kind of serialization is necessary and this is important because", "63r6nkwZM3U-00145-00102536-00102917": "bus is not shared and latency is more.", "63r6nkwZM3U-00146-00102917-00103738": "So, no bus and do not want to broadcast so; obviously, since there is no shared bus there", "63r6nkwZM3U-00147-00103738-00104350": "is no possibility of broadcast inter connect no longer single arbitration point, because", "63r6nkwZM3U-00148-00104350-00105071": "since it is not a bus or bus arbitration cannot be done with the help of this inter connect", "63r6nkwZM3U-00149-00105071-00105625": "network. It can be a point to point network or it can be a inter connection network having", "63r6nkwZM3U-00150-00105625-00106369": "multiple paths, so this single arbitration point does not exist and all messages have", "63r6nkwZM3U-00151-00106369-00106910": "a explicit process; that means, in case of bus base system.", "63r6nkwZM3U-00152-00106910-00107675": "So, it is a kind of broadcast on the bus and as a consequence all the processors and will", "63r6nkwZM3U-00153-00107675-00108418": "be will listens it that, but in this particular case that is not sure it has to be explicit", "63r6nkwZM3U-00154-00108418-00109455": "I mean for all message each and every message will have explicit responses. Now, in this", "63r6nkwZM3U-00155-00109455-00110357": "directory base protocol will find that they are exists three different types of nodes,", "63r6nkwZM3U-00156-00110357-00111421": "one is local node where a request originates. So, local node will generate an request for", "63r6nkwZM3U-00157-00111421-00112156": "read write, on the other hand home node where the memory location and the address resides;", "63r6nkwZM3U-00158-00112156-00112842": "that means, a home node is where the memory location and address is reside and from, where", "63r6nkwZM3U-00159-00112842-00113395": "data has to be read. And another node is there, that is remote node has a copy of the cache", "63r6nkwZM3U-00160-00113395-00114057": "block where whether exclusive or shared. So; that means, remote node is the place,", "63r6nkwZM3U-00161-00114057-00114739": "where the copy in the copy of the cache is already present, and it may be either in the", "63r6nkwZM3U-00162-00114739-00115482": "exclusive state or in the shared state. And you can have a number of processors, so P", "63r6nkwZM3U-00163-00115482-00116171": "specifies the processor number, and whenever the transaction will takes place the address", "63r6nkwZM3U-00164-00116171-00117054": "of the memory has to be specified, and the whenever, we will see then in the messages", "63r6nkwZM3U-00165-00117054-00117745": "the P and A processor number and address will be mentioned for different purposes.", "63r6nkwZM3U-00166-00117745-00118454": "And this is the least of possible messages, so for example, read miss, read, miss means", "63r6nkwZM3U-00167-00118454-00119100": "that data is not present in the cache memory, and the processor is trying to read and source", "63r6nkwZM3U-00168-00119100-00119627": "can be I mean the source it is generated by the local memory cache. And destination is", "63r6nkwZM3U-00169-00119627-00120394": "home directory and message will content the processor number and address. Then write miss", "63r6nkwZM3U-00170-00120394-00121121": "again the source is source of the message is local cache, and destination is home directory", "63r6nkwZM3U-00171-00121121-00121833": "means we have seen the diagram, so this is the directory and is a processor.", "63r6nkwZM3U-00172-00121833-00122376": "So, this is the home directory of this processor and other directories are remote directories", "63r6nkwZM3U-00173-00122376-00123906": "of bit processor, then write miss the it is a source is again local cache generated by", "63r6nkwZM3U-00174-00123906-00124561": "in invalidate it is generated by the home directory and destination is remote cache.", "63r6nkwZM3U-00175-00124561-00125671": "So, whenever data is modified and it was having a copy then it has to be invalidated, and", "63r6nkwZM3U-00176-00125671-00126402": "the message content is address invalidate at the shared copy of data at A. So, in that", "63r6nkwZM3U-00177-00126402-00127008": "address that data has to be invalidated, then fetch again the source is home directory,", "63r6nkwZM3U-00178-00127008-00127526": "because data is not present in the memory. So, it has to be fetched and from the remote", "63r6nkwZM3U-00179-00127526-00128488": "cache it has to come and this will be generated by a data is sent to home directory, and status", "63r6nkwZM3U-00180-00128488-00129231": "to remote cache will be modified to shared. And then again fetch or invalidate again the", "63r6nkwZM3U-00181-00129231-00129813": "source is home directory, and destination will be remote cache and message contents", "63r6nkwZM3U-00182-00129813-00130329": "will be address and data will be sent to home directory.", "63r6nkwZM3U-00183-00130329-00131362": "And it will invalid action will be invalidate the block, then data value copy in the in", "63r6nkwZM3U-00184-00131362-00131931": "the local cache, so in this case the source is the home directory and destination is local", "63r6nkwZM3U-00185-00131931-00132475": "cache and data will be message, will content the data which will be copy, which will be", "63r6nkwZM3U-00186-00132475-00133246": "written in to the local cache, so return data value from the home directory. And data write", "63r6nkwZM3U-00187-00133246-00133852": "back again the source is remote cache in this particular case and destination is the home", "63r6nkwZM3U-00188-00133852-00134600": "directory, and message will content the address and data and the function will be write back", "63r6nkwZM3U-00189-00134600-00135280": "a data value for address A. So, these are the possible messages that will be generated,", "63r6nkwZM3U-00190-00135280-00136416": "in this directory base protocol, and let us see and what will be the states, what are", "63r6nkwZM3U-00191-00136416-00136687": "the different states that will mention.", "63r6nkwZM3U-00192-00136687-00137191": "So, states identical to snoopy case transactions are very similar, we have already discussed", "63r6nkwZM3U-00193-00137191-00137828": "about the snoopy base case protocol, we shall see the states are identical and transactions", "63r6nkwZM3U-00194-00137828-00138388": "are similar. However, they are little different transactions cause caused by read message", "63r6nkwZM3U-00195-00138388-00139273": "write message invalidates data request, so transitions will occur from one state to another,", "63r6nkwZM3U-00196-00139273-00139802": "because of this message. And it will generate read miss and write miss", "63r6nkwZM3U-00197-00139802-00140565": "message to home directory, and write message that where broadcast on the bus for snooping.", "63r6nkwZM3U-00198-00140565-00141202": "So, in this case that will not happened explicit invalidate and data fetch request are to be", "63r6nkwZM3U-00199-00141202-00141853": "used in case of directory base protocol note that on a write a cache block is bigger, so", "63r6nkwZM3U-00200-00141853-00142350": "need to be read the full cache block. So, that means, whenever you are performing a", "63r6nkwZM3U-00201-00142350-00143134": "write it will although you will be writing in to on a word, but a block consists of several", "63r6nkwZM3U-00202-00143134-00143808": "words, so entire block has to be transferred all the words and you have read it then modification", "63r6nkwZM3U-00203-00143808-00143956": "can be done.", "63r6nkwZM3U-00204-00143956-00145309": "So, this is the state transition diagram, state machine for CPU request for each memory", "63r6nkwZM3U-00205-00145309-00146199": "block, so this is the state machine for CPU request for each memory block and as you mean", "63r6nkwZM3U-00206-00146199-00146849": "that initially invalid state it is in the memory. So, if it has gradually build up and", "63r6nkwZM3U-00207-00146849-00147055": "see how it exactly happens.", "63r6nkwZM3U-00208-00147055-00148320": "So, initially we have got it is in the invalid state, invalid state means that data is not", "63r6nkwZM3U-00209-00148320-00149255": "present in the cache, and it is also not in shared state, so CPU can I mean the because", "63r6nkwZM3U-00210-00149255-00150220": "the CPU can generate a generate a message that is known as CPU read. So, whenever CPU", "63r6nkwZM3U-00211-00150220-00151669": "read is done generated, it will read to it will send read means message to the directory;", "63r6nkwZM3U-00212-00151669-00152382": "that means, that in response to this the reading of data will take place, and obviously, it", "63r6nkwZM3U-00213-00152382-00154452": "will change state from invalid to shared and in this case it is read only. Now, whenever it is in the shared state, in", "63r6nkwZM3U-00214-00154452-00155154": "a let us first complete invalid state, from the invalid state it can also perform CPU", "63r6nkwZM3U-00215-00155154-00156927": "write. So, whenever tries to CPU write, then it will send write miss to home directory,", "63r6nkwZM3U-00216-00156927-00157487": "and the state of the cache memory will change to exclusive because after it has perform", "63r6nkwZM3U-00217-00157487-00158626": "the writing, so it will become exclusive. So, from the invalid state there are two transactions,", "63r6nkwZM3U-00218-00158626-00159296": "I mean two transactions one because of CPU read, another because of CPU write, and whenever", "63r6nkwZM3U-00219-00159296-00159789": "CPU read occurs it goes to shared state, whenever CPU write occurs it goes to exclusive state.", "63r6nkwZM3U-00220-00159789-00160432": "Now, when it is in the shared state, then if you perform continuous reading; that means,", "63r6nkwZM3U-00221-00160432-00161335": "CPU read or write whatever it occurs CPU read hit. So, CPU read hit means it will remain", "63r6nkwZM3U-00222-00161335-00162072": "in the same state there will be no change after the data is taken to the cache memory,", "63r6nkwZM3U-00223-00162072-00162787": "it can continue to read without changing the status. And similarly, whenever it perform", "63r6nkwZM3U-00224-00162787-00164922": "CPU read miss, then it will send read miss and it will remain in the same state, because", "63r6nkwZM3U-00225-00164922-00165874": "it will read it, and then it will perform it will remain it will continue to I mean", "63r6nkwZM3U-00226-00165874-00166202": "se send read miss and it will remain in this particular state.", "63r6nkwZM3U-00227-00166202-00167254": "Now, from this state, it will go to I think CPU read means and whenever it perform CPU", "63r6nkwZM3U-00228-00167254-00168279": "write what happens, then it does CPU write, so when CPU write occurs again it goes to", "63r6nkwZM3U-00229-00168279-00169953": "exclusive state. So, it will send write miss a message to the home directory and it will", "63r6nkwZM3U-00230-00169953-00170549": "change to exclusive state, so from this shared state these are the possible transactions", "63r6nkwZM3U-00231-00170549-00171297": "CPU read, CPU read hit, CPU read miss and CPU write. Now, whenever it is in the exclusive", "63r6nkwZM3U-00232-00171297-00171978": "state; that means, the cache is present I mean only in that particular processor and", "63r6nkwZM3U-00233-00171978-00172958": "it is in the exclusive state, so in this case it can perform CPU read CPU read hit.", "63r6nkwZM3U-00234-00172958-00173879": "So, it will remain in the same state it will continue to read or CPU write hit it will", "63r6nkwZM3U-00235-00173879-00174452": "be no change of state, because it is already in the exclusive state, this CPU is free to", "63r6nkwZM3U-00236-00174452-00175197": "read the data or write in to the data, when it is in the exclusive state. Now, what can", "63r6nkwZM3U-00237-00175197-00176235": "happen the CPU write miss occurs and it is in the exclusive state then; obviously, it", "63r6nkwZM3U-00238-00176235-00178377": "will send data write back and write miss to home directory, and it will remain in this", "63r6nkwZM3U-00239-00178377-00178940": "state. So, CPU write miss that data is not here,", "63r6nkwZM3U-00240-00178940-00179365": "but it was in the exclusive state, so it will remain in that exclusive state; however, data", "63r6nkwZM3U-00241-00179365-00180076": "write back has to occur. And it will send the write miss to home directory and accordingly", "63r6nkwZM3U-00242-00180076-00180586": "the data will be transferred, and to the at cache and a modification will be done by the", "63r6nkwZM3U-00243-00180586-00181008": "processor and it will remain in the this state, so it will it will not change.", "63r6nkwZM3U-00244-00181008-00182824": "now, comes to two more states from exclusive to, it will go to say it performs CPU write,", "63r6nkwZM3U-00245-00182824-00184760": "CPU write is there CPU, so it say in case of fetch, it will send data write back to", "63r6nkwZM3U-00246-00184760-00186179": "the home directory, so and then it will go to shared state. And last is last one is CPU", "63r6nkwZM3U-00247-00186179-00187564": "read miss, so whenever CPU read miss occurs, then it is not in the, it will go from exclusive", "63r6nkwZM3U-00248-00187564-00188670": "state to shared state, and it will generate the write back message to the read miss to", "63r6nkwZM3U-00249-00188670-00189180": "home directory, and will switch from exclusive to the shared state.", "63r6nkwZM3U-00250-00189180-00189718": "So, these are the different transactions that you will occur, which is shown in this particular", "63r6nkwZM3U-00251-00189718-00190432": "diagram and this is the situation, where state machine from CPU request for each memory block", "63r6nkwZM3U-00252-00190432-00191006": "that is occurring. And whenever it is in different states, and how this state machine occurs", "63r6nkwZM3U-00253-00191006-00191606": "that I have discussed one after the other.", "63r6nkwZM3U-00254-00191606-00192496": "Now, let us see, so I have discussed the same state and structure as the now consider the", "63r6nkwZM3U-00255-00192496-00193265": "diagram of the directory; that means, directory also will also maintain a finite state machine.", "63r6nkwZM3U-00256-00193265-00193907": "And what the this state’s of that and the transitions for individual cache will be same", "63r6nkwZM3U-00257-00193907-00194485": "in case of the directory also, and the memory controller will perform the following actions", "63r6nkwZM3U-00258-00194485-00195051": "update of the directory state. Send messages to satisfy request track all copies of memory", "63r6nkwZM3U-00259-00195051-00195753": "block and all indicates an action also indicates, an action that updates the sharing state sharers", "63r6nkwZM3U-00260-00195753-00195890": "as well as sending a message.", "63r6nkwZM3U-00261-00195890-00196951": "So, let us see the various situations, now in this case you can see the directory can", "63r6nkwZM3U-00262-00196951-00197884": "receive three messages, what are the three messages, number one message is read miss,", "63r6nkwZM3U-00263-00197884-00198659": "write miss or data write back. So, these are the three messages that will be received by", "63r6nkwZM3U-00264-00198659-00199384": "the by the directory the state machine, and directory state machine again will remain", "63r6nkwZM3U-00265-00199384-00200013": "in three different states.", "63r6nkwZM3U-00266-00200013-00201150": "Let us see the three different states are one is un cached, data is not yet un cached", "63r6nkwZM3U-00267-00201150-00203255": "or it can be in shared read only and third state is exclusive, so these are the three", "63r6nkwZM3U-00268-00203255-00203844": "states. And now whenever it is in the un cached state; that means, a particular block has", "63r6nkwZM3U-00269-00203844-00204836": "not yet been transferred to the cache memory and there is a read miss. A read miss occurs", "63r6nkwZM3U-00270-00204836-00206528": "and whenever a read miss occurs it will send a message a send a data value reply, so data", "63r6nkwZM3U-00271-00206528-00206928": "is sent and it switches to share as shared state.", "63r6nkwZM3U-00272-00206928-00207921": "So, in such a case the you have to maintained a least where sharers will include the this", "63r6nkwZM3U-00273-00207921-00208594": "processors, which has to which it has been send that processor name has to be will go", "63r6nkwZM3U-00274-00208594-00209112": "to the will be maintained in a sharers list. So, these sharers will be equal to P and it", "63r6nkwZM3U-00275-00209112-00209812": "will go to the shared state, and when it is in the shared state from the un cache state", "63r6nkwZM3U-00276-00209812-00210740": "it can also go to the exclusive state by write miss.", "63r6nkwZM3U-00277-00210740-00211808": "And in this case also it will send data value reply; that means, the directory will send", "63r6nkwZM3U-00278-00211808-00213016": "the data value reply message and sharers will be again P that processors will be entered", "63r6nkwZM3U-00279-00213016-00213613": "in the sharers list. So, these are the two transitions that will occur whenever it is", "63r6nkwZM3U-00280-00213613-00214363": "in the un cache state, then let us see when it is in the shared state the directory can", "63r6nkwZM3U-00281-00214363-00215771": "receive a message. Like read miss, when a read miss occurs then it will send data value", "63r6nkwZM3U-00282-00215771-00217955": "reply and also the sharers list will be updated, it will plus it will update P, so this is", "63r6nkwZM3U-00283-00217955-00219937": "what will happen in case of a read miss. Now, let us consider when there is write miss,", "63r6nkwZM3U-00284-00219937-00222344": "then it will send invalidate signal in read a message to sharers to all the processors, it has to go and then", "63r6nkwZM3U-00285-00222344-00222881": "sharers list will be having only P, because it is in the exclusive controller p that is why it will have the", "63r6nkwZM3U-00286-00222881-00224682": "only value, and it will send the invalidate message. And it will send and data value reply", "63r6nkwZM3U-00287-00224682-00225780": "message, then we have got another I mean, whenever it is in the exclusive state it can", "63r6nkwZM3U-00288-00225780-00226686": "go from exclusive to shared state, whenever there is a read miss and in that case that", "63r6nkwZM3U-00289-00226686-00227473": "sharer list will had the P, which is trying to read.", "63r6nkwZM3U-00290-00227473-00228698": "So, this is the list of processors and it will send fetch the data and it will the directory", "63r6nkwZM3U-00291-00228698-00231289": "will send data value reply message to remote cache, so this is the case whenever it you", "63r6nkwZM3U-00292-00231289-00232298": "are using write back policy. And the last one is in this case write miss, when write", "63r6nkwZM3U-00293-00232298-00233692": "miss occurs it remains in the exclusive state, so the sharers list will be having P and it", "63r6nkwZM3U-00294-00233692-00236316": "will send fetch or invalidate and also send data value reply message to remote cache.", "63r6nkwZM3U-00295-00236316-00237223": "So, these are the various transactions, so and finally there is another one, when it", "63r6nkwZM3U-00296-00237223-00238460": "is in the exclusive state, when the there is a data write back, so in this case also", "63r6nkwZM3U-00297-00238460-00239315": "this share has sharer list will be empty.", "63r6nkwZM3U-00298-00239315-00239904": "And it will perform write back block will be transferred it will be un cache, so this", "63r6nkwZM3U-00299-00239904-00240685": "is these are the areas transitions that will occur in case of the directory state machine,", "63r6nkwZM3U-00300-00240685-00241531": "in response two different require messages like read miss write miss and data write back", "63r6nkwZM3U-00301-00241531-00241944": "coming from the processors.", "63r6nkwZM3U-00302-00241944-00242685": "Now let us consider an example, messages sent to directory causes two actions update the", "63r6nkwZM3U-00303-00242685-00243155": "directory, so we have already discussed about these things when read miss occurs, write", "63r6nkwZM3U-00304-00243155-00243904": "miss occurs, when it is in the shared state block is in the shared state we have discussed", "63r6nkwZM3U-00305-00243904-00244146": "in detail.", "63r6nkwZM3U-00306-00244146-00244854": "When it is in exclusive state when read miss occurs, data write back occurs we have discussed", "63r6nkwZM3U-00307-00244854-00244940": "those things.", "63r6nkwZM3U-00308-00244940-00245566": "And in response to write miss what will be done, these are again we have discussed in", "63r6nkwZM3U-00309-00245566-00245607": "detail.", "63r6nkwZM3U-00310-00245607-00246805": "Now, let us consider an example, where different actions are taken in response to that what", "63r6nkwZM3U-00311-00246805-00247407": "is done by different processors, what is done by the different inter connect, that is your", "63r6nkwZM3U-00312-00247407-00248238": "inter connect bus, what is done in the directory, and what is done in the memory. So, different", "63r6nkwZM3U-00313-00248238-00249423": "things that happens is mentioned here, so P 1 write tend to address A 1, so a processor", "63r6nkwZM3U-00314-00249423-00250284": "P 1 is writing some data in at the address corresponding addresses is A 1.", "63r6nkwZM3U-00315-00250284-00250823": "And so for as the processor P 1 is concerned the state is exclusive, because it is written", "63r6nkwZM3U-00316-00250823-00251679": "data and in that address A 1 the value 10 will be depend, and whenever this is being", "63r6nkwZM3U-00317-00251679-00252559": "done. Then the corresponding bus sections will be, since it is writing write miss will", "63r6nkwZM3U-00318-00252559-00253675": "be on the technique pass and the message that has been sent is by P 1 and at the corresponding", "63r6nkwZM3U-00319-00253675-00254663": "address A 1, and this the then the corresponding data read that occurs, data write back occurs", "63r6nkwZM3U-00320-00254663-00255285": "is a corresponding to P 1. And A 1 and the directory protocol and the", "63r6nkwZM3U-00321-00255285-00256001": "directory will have the message corresponding a state will be address A 1, the state will", "63r6nkwZM3U-00322-00256001-00256614": "be exclusive and processor corresponding is P 1. So, this is the sequence of P 1 that", "63r6nkwZM3U-00323-00256614-00257330": "will take place is response to processor P 1 writing ten in to A 1. Now, whenever the", "63r6nkwZM3U-00324-00257330-00258080": "processor same processor reads the data of A 1 then what happens, so in this particular", "63r6nkwZM3U-00325-00258080-00258634": "case as you can see there is no change in state, because it was already in the exclusive", "63r6nkwZM3U-00326-00258634-00259092": "state it will simply read it. As, you have already seen it there is no change", "63r6nkwZM3U-00327-00259092-00259592": "of state, and for the processor will generate the address and it will read it from the cache", "63r6nkwZM3U-00328-00259592-00260279": "memory. Then P 2 whenever another processor tries to read from the same address, then", "63r6nkwZM3U-00329-00260279-00260914": "what will happened let us see, so in this case it was earlier in the exclusive state", "63r6nkwZM3U-00330-00260914-00261692": "of processor P 1. Now, it will switch from exclusive to shared state, because the processor", "63r6nkwZM3U-00331-00261692-00262246": "is reading it and it will be also present in the cache memory of processor P 2.", "63r6nkwZM3U-00332-00262246-00262924": "So, this state will change to shared correspondingly the processor P 1 also will change the state", "63r6nkwZM3U-00333-00262924-00263596": "from exclusive to shared, and the value that will be present here is 10. Same thing for", "63r6nkwZM3U-00334-00263596-00264318": "P 1 and P 2 address is same and on the inter connect the read the read message, that is", "63r6nkwZM3U-00335-00264318-00265033": "being sent is P 2 corresponding to P 2 address is A 1. And it will be fetched from the processor", "63r6nkwZM3U-00336-00265033-00266081": "P 1 and address A 1, and the value is ten and the data reply that occurs is P 2 A 1", "63r6nkwZM3U-00337-00266081-00266957": "and 10. So, these are the by inter connect or bus that will be at the directory will", "63r6nkwZM3U-00338-00266957-00267399": "response in this way. And the directory will be responding with", "63r6nkwZM3U-00339-00267399-00268111": "A 1, and it will be in the shared state and P 1 and P 2 are having copy, it has to maintain", "63r6nkwZM3U-00340-00268111-00268935": "the list of sharers, so list of sharers are here P 1 and P 2 and value is ten now P 2", "63r6nkwZM3U-00341-00268935-00269769": "is writing in the same address some other value. So, in this case what will happened", "63r6nkwZM3U-00342-00269769-00270505": "the P 2 will write, and in this case it will become the exclusive under the exclusive control", "63r6nkwZM3U-00343-00270505-00271207": "of P 2, and the value is changed. And they will be corresponding changes on the I mean", "63r6nkwZM3U-00344-00271207-00272136": "messages on the bus inter connect, and on the directory will also will reach corresponding", "63r6nkwZM3U-00345-00272136-00272694": "will change the state A 1. Earlier, it was A 1 address was A 1 it was", "63r6nkwZM3U-00346-00272694-00273213": "in the shared state, and P 1 and P 2 where the list of sharers, but in this case state", "63r6nkwZM3U-00347-00273213-00273971": "is a exclusive and only it is present in P 2. And value and memory of value remains the", "63r6nkwZM3U-00348-00273971-00274616": "same 10, because it is not yet been a return in to the memory, this only present in the", "63r6nkwZM3U-00349-00274616-00275414": "cache memory of P 2. And it will be invalidated in processor P 1, so processor P 1 will have", "63r6nkwZM3U-00350-00275414-00276069": "this state of invalidate, and for P 2 it is exclusive and so on.", "63r6nkwZM3U-00351-00276069-00276836": "Now, P 2 writes 42 8, so another writing is taking place, where P 2 let us see what will", "63r6nkwZM3U-00352-00276836-00277699": "happened in this case, so it will invalidate that inter connect will generated in validate", "63r6nkwZM3U-00353-00277699-00279071": "P 1 A 1. Then write message P 2 A 2 and write back P 2 A 1 20, and address is and in this", "63r6nkwZM3U-00354-00279071-00279577": "case the exclusive it will go to the exclusive state offers are P 2, because it is written", "63r6nkwZM3U-00355-00279577-00279803": "it was already in the exclusive state, but the model value has been modified.", "63r6nkwZM3U-00356-00279803-00280495": "So, it will go to the a remain in the exclusive state, either the address and data values", "63r6nkwZM3U-00357-00280495-00281094": "are changing, and in the directory also the same thing is happening A 2, it will remain", "63r6nkwZM3U-00358-00281094-00281884": "in the exclusive state and processor which is will be in the sharer list is P 2 and data", "63r6nkwZM3U-00359-00281884-00282769": "value is 0. So, this is how it has been assume that A 1 and A 2 map to the same cache block,", "63r6nkwZM3U-00360-00282769-00283370": "if it is in the different cache block then of course, they will be a cache miss. That", "63r6nkwZM3U-00361-00283370-00283935": "has not happened here, because they belong to the we have assume that 10 20 and 40 all", "63r6nkwZM3U-00362-00283935-00284493": "belong to is A 1 and A 2. They belong to the same cache block and as a consequence there", "63r6nkwZM3U-00363-00284493-00285603": "was no cache miss, and only the state of the a processor changing from exclusive to sharing", "63r6nkwZM3U-00364-00285603-00286365": "share shared or and like that.", "63r6nkwZM3U-00365-00286365-00287073": "Now, we shall discuss some of the implementation is choose in directory base protocols, so", "63r6nkwZM3U-00366-00287073-00287605": "when the number of processors are lodge, directory becomes a bottle neck. As, I have told, because", "63r6nkwZM3U-00367-00287605-00288126": "the size of the directory is proportional to the number of blocks in to the number of", "63r6nkwZM3U-00368-00288126-00288845": "processors. So, the directory is can be distributed among different memory modules, so earlier", "63r6nkwZM3U-00369-00288845-00289577": "we have seen it was in the associated with the same memory, but now what can be done", "63r6nkwZM3U-00370-00289577-00290242": "if you can divided into separate memory massive modules. And different directory axis go to", "63r6nkwZM3U-00371-00290242-00290789": "different location, because since they are in different modules, then different directory", "63r6nkwZM3U-00372-00290789-00291547": "axis will go to different locations leading to lesser traffic on the on the bus corresponding", "63r6nkwZM3U-00373-00291547-00291731": "to the memory.", "63r6nkwZM3U-00374-00291731-00293117": "Here, at two examples, illustrating what kind of communication overhead that occurs, so", "63r6nkwZM3U-00375-00293117-00293799": "let us assume that an application is running at 32 node multi processor, and it incurs", "63r6nkwZM3U-00376-00293799-00294600": "a latency of 400 nano seconds to handle a reference read write to memory. That means,", "63r6nkwZM3U-00377-00294600-00295234": "the 40 nano second is necessary to read from the memory, and processor clock rate is one", "63r6nkwZM3U-00378-00295234-00295871": "giga hertz and instruction per cycle is 2; that means, 2 nano seconds is needed.", "63r6nkwZM3U-00379-00295871-00296359": "Whenever it is in the cache, but whenever you have to read it from the main memory,", "63r6nkwZM3U-00380-00296359-00296930": "then the time needed is 400 nano seconds, so it is much longer. Now, how much faster", "63r6nkwZM3U-00381-00296930-00297591": "will be the computation, if there is no communication, communication means there is no communication", "63r6nkwZM3U-00382-00297591-00298177": "with the memory versus the point two percent of instructions involve reference to memory", "63r6nkwZM3U-00383-00298177-00298315": "locations.", "63r6nkwZM3U-00384-00298315-00299149": "So, you have to compare the computation time, for the two different situation and compare", "63r6nkwZM3U-00385-00299149-00300168": "it, so in this case CPI is 0.2, because you know instruction per cycle is 0.2, so CPI", "63r6nkwZM3U-00386-00300168-00301114": "is 2. So, effective CPI with 0.2 percent remote references, so whenever you are performing", "63r6nkwZM3U-00387-00301114-00301877": "reading from the memory there will be remote references. So, the CPI when change to effective", "63r6nkwZM3U-00388-00301877-00302485": "CPI will become best CPI plus memory request rate in to memory request fast, and you have", "63r6nkwZM3U-00389-00302485-00303219": "already seen that effective CPI with 0.2 percent reference will be 0.5 is 0.5 plus 0.002, because", "63r6nkwZM3U-00390-00303219-00304052": "it was 2 percent reference and 400 nano second is the axis time of the main memory.", "63r6nkwZM3U-00391-00304052-00305291": "So, this will give you 0.5 in to this will be 400 into 0.002 it will come 0.8, so 1.3,", "63r6nkwZM3U-00392-00305291-00306368": "so a program having no memory references will be 1 minus 1 by 1.3 into 100 percent; that", "63r6nkwZM3U-00393-00306368-00307177": "means, 23 percent faster. So, whenever A 2.2 percent memory access is taking place it is", "63r6nkwZM3U-00394-00307177-00307998": "becoming pretty slow, as you can see it is becoming 23 percent, first I mean slower you", "63r6nkwZM3U-00395-00307998-00308940": "can share or whenever there is no memory reference it is 23 percent faster. So, the CPI is changing", "63r6nkwZM3U-00396-00308940-00309886": "from 1 to 1.3 from 0.5 to 1.3, so this is the situation.", "63r6nkwZM3U-00397-00309886-00310895": "Now, consider another example, again it is an application is running on a 32 node distributed", "63r6nkwZM3U-00398-00310895-00311503": "share memory, in this case it is a distributed shared memory situation. It incurs a latency", "63r6nkwZM3U-00399-00311503-00312121": "of 400 nano second to handled a reference to a remote memory, and processor clock rate", "63r6nkwZM3U-00400-00312121-00312791": "is 1 giga hertz IPC is 2. Now, how much faster will be the computation on a multi processor", "63r6nkwZM3U-00401-00312791-00313401": "system compare to the distributed shared memory of 0.2 percent of the instructions involve", "63r6nkwZM3U-00402-00313401-00313950": "reference to a remote memory, as you local memory references only.", "63r6nkwZM3U-00403-00313950-00314751": "So, the in this case effective CPI with 0.2 percent remote memory remote reference is", "63r6nkwZM3U-00404-00314751-00315576": "equal to basic CPI plus remote request rate in to remote request fast, so that 100 nano", "63r6nkwZM3U-00405-00315576-00316396": "second, 1000 nano second is not mentioned here. So, in this case effective CPI will", "63r6nkwZM3U-00406-00316396-00317602": "become equal to 0.5 plus 0.0002 into 400 and into 400 or 1000 nano second, because this", "63r6nkwZM3U-00407-00317602-00318334": "is the remote request fast. So, remote request fast in substantially more compare to when", "63r6nkwZM3U-00408-00318334-00318795": "it a whenever it is read from the local memory, as I was in the situation in the previous", "63r6nkwZM3U-00409-00318795-00319375": "case, so it will become 0.5 plus 800 is equal to 800.8.", "63r6nkwZM3U-00410-00319375-00320900": "And so multiprocessor would be having 800.5 by 1.3 is equal to 658 times faster, so in", "63r6nkwZM3U-00411-00320900-00322032": "the previous case we have seen the CPI was 1.3, whenever it is read from the local memory", "63r6nkwZM3U-00412-00322032-00323034": "a, but in this case it is from the remote memory leading to CPI of 800.5. So, this is", "63r6nkwZM3U-00413-00323034-00323735": "the previous one is much faster, and performance figures of NUMA may be worse, if we take data", "63r6nkwZM3U-00414-00323735-00324243": "dependency and synchronization aspects into consideration, without taking this data dependency", "63r6nkwZM3U-00415-00324243-00324645": "on synchronization aspects into one consideration this is a situation.", "63r6nkwZM3U-00416-00324645-00325336": "And if you take them in to account it will be more, so with this we have come to the", "63r6nkwZM3U-00417-00325336-00325950": "end of today’s lecture, so it in today’s lecture we have discussed about the distributed", "63r6nkwZM3U-00418-00325950-00326632": "shared memory architecture, and we have discussed the directory base protocol for overcoming", "63r6nkwZM3U-00419-00326632-00327550": "the cache coherence problem. That arises whenever a shared memory is used in a distributed memory", "63r6nkwZM3U-00420-00327550-00327752": "distributed memory environment. Thank you."}}, {"audio_id": "63FN3B8QYC0", "text": {"63FN3B8QYC0-00000-00000183-00000283": "Eric Green: Okay.", "63FN3B8QYC0-00001-00000283-00000383": "Well, thank you, everyone.", "63FN3B8QYC0-00002-00000383-00000892": "I will call the 67th meeting of the National Advisory Council for Human Genome Research", "63FN3B8QYC0-00003-00000892-00001109": "meeting to order.", "63FN3B8QYC0-00004-00001109-00001227": "Thank you all for coming.", "63FN3B8QYC0-00005-00001227-00001599": "I will point out, this is the 67th meeting of this advisory council; it's actually the", "63FN3B8QYC0-00006-00001599-00002069": "10th meeting that I'm presiding over as NHGRI director, although it's only the ninth in-person", "63FN3B8QYC0-00007-00002069-00002169": "one.", "63FN3B8QYC0-00008-00002169-00002480": "My first one, three years ago in February, was actually a conference call because of", "63FN3B8QYC0-00009-00002480-00002964": "a snowstorm that prevented us from actually having an in-person meeting.", "63FN3B8QYC0-00010-00002964-00003465": "I will also point out that the gentleman sitting to my left is the new executive secretary", "63FN3B8QYC0-00011-00003465-00003722": "of the advisory council, Rudy Pozzatti.", "63FN3B8QYC0-00012-00003722-00004100": "Almost all of you know Rudy; we even gave you a head-fake a few or a couple councils", "63FN3B8QYC0-00013-00004100-00004616": "ago where he was called in from the bullpen at short notice to preside over council for", "63FN3B8QYC0-00014-00004616-00005057": "that one time, but now he is the permanent executive secretary, so I'll turn this over", "63FN3B8QYC0-00015-00005057-00005211": "to him for the initial set of announcements.", "63FN3B8QYC0-00016-00005211-00005437": "Rudy Pozzatti: Okay, thank you, Eric.", "63FN3B8QYC0-00017-00005437-00005925": "Let me remind everyone that we're video casting the open session of the council meeting today.", "63FN3B8QYC0-00018-00005925-00006511": "It will also be archived, so your mistakes will live beyond you.", "63FN3B8QYC0-00019-00006511-00006621": "[laughter]", "63FN3B8QYC0-00020-00006621-00007256": "So before we begin what will be my maiden voyage as the executive secretary of the council,", "63FN3B8QYC0-00021-00007256-00007820": "I'd like to take a moment to acknowledge my predecessor, Mark Guyer.", "63FN3B8QYC0-00022-00007820-00008400": "Mark has served as the executive secretary for 10 years; that's 30-some council meetings", "63FN3B8QYC0-00023-00008400-00008596": "to arrange and organize.", "63FN3B8QYC0-00024-00008596-00009039": "Having just gone through the experience myself, I can tell you, it's a lot more work than", "63FN3B8QYC0-00025-00009039-00009634": "simply arranging some flights to get you all to be here at the same time, same days.", "63FN3B8QYC0-00026-00009634-00010259": "If you do a little bit of math, $350 million a year for 10 years, that's a lot of resources", "63FN3B8QYC0-00027-00010259-00010725": "that has come before you and your predecessors here at the council.", "63FN3B8QYC0-00028-00010725-00011177": "Go back 10 years, you're talking about the completion of the Human Genome Project, the", "63FN3B8QYC0-00029-00011177-00011885": "ENCODE project, the HapMap project, tons of technology development, lots and lots of Common", "63FN3B8QYC0-00030-00011885-00012035": "Fund initiatives.", "63FN3B8QYC0-00031-00012035-00012605": "I'll get myself in trouble if I try to recall every single valuable and important research", "63FN3B8QYC0-00032-00012605-00012845": "endeavor that's come to you.", "63FN3B8QYC0-00033-00012845-00013418": "But suffice it to say, it's a huge body of work, and one that I think Mark can be proud", "63FN3B8QYC0-00034-00013418-00013518": "of.", "63FN3B8QYC0-00035-00013518-00014006": "So would you please take a moment and join me, and thank Mark for 10 years of service", "63FN3B8QYC0-00036-00014006-00014520": "to the council.", "63FN3B8QYC0-00037-00014520-00014998": "[applause]", "63FN3B8QYC0-00038-00014998-00015478": "Okay.", "63FN3B8QYC0-00039-00015478-00015640": "Let's begin with introductions.", "63FN3B8QYC0-00040-00015640-00015940": "We have new council members joining us today.", "63FN3B8QYC0-00041-00015940-00016509": "Dr. Lon Cardon is a senior vice president for alternative discovery and development", "63FN3B8QYC0-00042-00016509-00016704": "at GlaxoSmithKline.", "63FN3B8QYC0-00043-00016704-00017229": "Among other responsibilities, he leads a group at GSK doing pharmacology modeling and simulation", "63FN3B8QYC0-00044-00017229-00017392": "studies for drug development.", "63FN3B8QYC0-00045-00017392-00017939": "Lon has also applied his statistical genetics expertise to gene discovery studies in complex", "63FN3B8QYC0-00046-00017939-00018362": "diseases including asthma, diabetes, obesity, and many others.", "63FN3B8QYC0-00047-00018362-00018936": "He's also had a leadership role in large multinational studies including the Welcome Trust Case Control", "63FN3B8QYC0-00048-00018936-00019235": "Consortium and our own beloved HapMap Project.", "63FN3B8QYC0-00049-00019235-00019420": "Welcome, Lon.", "63FN3B8QYC0-00050-00019420-00019988": "Dr. Joseph Ecker is professor of the plant molecular and cellular biology laboratory", "63FN3B8QYC0-00051-00019988-00020559": "and HHMI investigator at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies.", "63FN3B8QYC0-00052-00020559-00021114": "Joe was one of the leaders of the international effort to map and sequence the genome of Arabidopsis.", "63FN3B8QYC0-00053-00021114-00021692": "More recently, he has studied the epigenome in human and model organisms, and the role", "63FN3B8QYC0-00054-00021692-00022193": "of epigenetic modifications in regulating processes such as cellular development and", "63FN3B8QYC0-00055-00022193-00022293": "carcinogenesis.", "63FN3B8QYC0-00056-00022293-00022434": "Welcome, Joe.", "63FN3B8QYC0-00057-00022434-00022996": "Dr. Howard Jacob is professor and director of the Human and Molecular Genetics Center", "63FN3B8QYC0-00058-00022996-00023437": "of the Medical College of Wisconsin, and vice chair for research at the Children's Hospital", "63FN3B8QYC0-00059-00023437-00023576": "of Wisconsin.", "63FN3B8QYC0-00060-00023576-00024004": "Howard has a long history of applying genomic technologies in the rat model organism to", "63FN3B8QYC0-00061-00024004-00024567": "the study of complex disorders such as renal disease, diabetes, hypertension, and myocardial", "63FN3B8QYC0-00062-00024567-00024690": "infarction.", "63FN3B8QYC0-00063-00024690-00025139": "He's been PI of the Rat Genome Database, a resource that has served the scientific community", "63FN3B8QYC0-00064-00025139-00025312": "for many, many years.", "63FN3B8QYC0-00065-00025312-00025662": "And more recently, Howard has begun to apply high-throughput sequencing in the clinical", "63FN3B8QYC0-00066-00025662-00026100": "setting to discover genetic variants involved in human disease.", "63FN3B8QYC0-00067-00026100-00026225": "Welcome, Howard.", "63FN3B8QYC0-00068-00026225-00026931": "Dr. Lucilla Ohno-Machado is professor of medicine and chief of the Division of Biomedical Informatics", "63FN3B8QYC0-00069-00026931-00027154": "at the University of San Diego.", "63FN3B8QYC0-00070-00027154-00027744": "As a principal investigator in the iDASH consortium, Lucilla has brought expertise in medical informatics", "63FN3B8QYC0-00071-00027744-00028024": "and the analysis of multiple data types.", "63FN3B8QYC0-00072-00028024-00028491": "She conducts multidisciplinary research focused on biomedical pattern recognition in large", "63FN3B8QYC0-00073-00028491-00028619": "datasets.", "63FN3B8QYC0-00074-00028619-00029097": "And she is involved in policy work surrounding data access and privacy issues, and Lucilla", "63FN3B8QYC0-00075-00029097-00029616": "also has strong interest in informatics training, both in the U.S. and in international settings.", "63FN3B8QYC0-00076-00029616-00029786": "Welcome, Lucilla.", "63FN3B8QYC0-00077-00029786-00030408": "Dr. Robert Nussbaum is professor and chief of Genomic Medicine at the University of California,", "63FN3B8QYC0-00078-00030408-00030555": "San Francisco.", "63FN3B8QYC0-00079-00030555-00030950": "Bob has a long standing interest in applying genetic and genomic approaches to mapping", "63FN3B8QYC0-00080-00030950-00031505": "diseases in humans, particularly in neurodegenerative disorders.", "63FN3B8QYC0-00081-00031505-00031956": "As a geneticist who provides service to patients, Bob is also interested in questions surrounding", "63FN3B8QYC0-00082-00031956-00032444": "the return of genetic findings to patients, and developing information resources relevant", "63FN3B8QYC0-00083-00032444-00032620": "to clinical genomics.", "63FN3B8QYC0-00084-00032620-00032865": "Welcome home, Bob.", "63FN3B8QYC0-00085-00032865-00033397": "Arti Rai is the Elvin R. Latti Professor of Law at Duke University Law School.", "63FN3B8QYC0-00086-00033397-00033794": "Arti is an expert in intellectual property law and health policy law.", "63FN3B8QYC0-00087-00033794-00034308": "She has conducted research on IP issues in biotechnology and the pharmaceutical industries.", "63FN3B8QYC0-00088-00034308-00035041": "In 2009-2010, Arti served as the administrator of the Office of External Affairs at the USPTO", "63FN3B8QYC0-00089-00035041-00035614": "and conducted analysis work that was seminal to subsequent patent law reform, and she has", "63FN3B8QYC0-00090-00035614-00036206": "served on President-elect Obama's transition team in 2008-2009 to review the USPTO.", "63FN3B8QYC0-00091-00036206-00036400": "Welcome, Arti.", "63FN3B8QYC0-00092-00036400-00036871": "We also have two special ad-hoc council members joining us for just this meeting.", "63FN3B8QYC0-00093-00036871-00037353": "Dr. Joanne Baughman is senior vice chancellor at the University System of Maryland, where", "63FN3B8QYC0-00094-00037353-00037800": "she oversees the twelve institutions that comprise the entire University of Maryland", "63FN3B8QYC0-00095-00037800-00037914": "system.", "63FN3B8QYC0-00096-00037914-00038311": "Prior to her current position, Joanne was executive vice president of the American Society", "63FN3B8QYC0-00097-00038311-00038604": "of Human Genetics for a number of years.", "63FN3B8QYC0-00098-00038604-00039013": "She was the council liaison for ASHGH -- ASHG.", "63FN3B8QYC0-00099-00039013-00039349": "And she has served for me on many, many peer review panels.", "63FN3B8QYC0-00100-00039349-00039537": "Always good to see you, Joanne.", "63FN3B8QYC0-00101-00039537-00040113": "Dr. Pilar Ossorio is associate professor of law and bioethics at the University of Wisconsin", "63FN3B8QYC0-00102-00040113-00040628": "Law School, where she teaches courses on intellectual property, patent law, and torts.", "63FN3B8QYC0-00103-00040628-00041259": "Pilar is in LC grantee, a former council member for NHGRI, and a former standing study section", "63FN3B8QYC0-00104-00041259-00041802": "member of the LC peer review panel that served both CSR and NHGRI.", "63FN3B8QYC0-00105-00041802-00042057": "Nice to have you, Pilar.", "63FN3B8QYC0-00106-00042057-00042491": "We have several new employees at NHGRI that we're going to introduce to the council.", "63FN3B8QYC0-00107-00042491-00042738": "Would you please stand when I call you name?", "63FN3B8QYC0-00108-00042738-00043211": "Dr. Michael Smith.", "63FN3B8QYC0-00109-00043211-00043556": "Mike is in the Division Of Genomic Science and the Extramural Research Program.", "63FN3B8QYC0-00110-00043556-00043805": "Mike comes to us from NCI Intramural Research.", "63FN3B8QYC0-00111-00043805-00044258": "He has a wealth of experience using genomic technologies for biomedical studies, and he", "63FN3B8QYC0-00112-00044258-00044815": "will be working on a portfolio of grants related to technology development.", "63FN3B8QYC0-00113-00044815-00045118": "Nicole Lockhart.", "63FN3B8QYC0-00114-00045118-00045336": "Nicole's in the Division of Genomics and Society.", "63FN3B8QYC0-00115-00045336-00045603": "She also comes to us from NCI.", "63FN3B8QYC0-00116-00045603-00046059": "She has experience working on research issues related to biorepositories, data access, and", "63FN3B8QYC0-00117-00046059-00046408": "ethical questions about the use of biological samples.", "63FN3B8QYC0-00118-00046408-00046925": "I'm sure she'll be called upon to do a little of everything in the LC program.", "63FN3B8QYC0-00119-00046925-00047294": "Nick Giacomo [spelled phonetically].", "63FN3B8QYC0-00120-00047294-00047628": "Nick is a new program analyst, and he'll be splitting his time working on the Undiagnosed", "63FN3B8QYC0-00121-00047628-00048025": "Diseases Program and the Human Microbiome Project.", "63FN3B8QYC0-00122-00048025-00048374": "Steve Benowitz.", "63FN3B8QYC0-00123-00048374-00048794": "Steve is a new member of the Communications and Public Liaison staff in the Division of", "63FN3B8QYC0-00124-00048794-00049099": "Policy, Communications and Education.", "63FN3B8QYC0-00125-00049099-00049444": "He will cover news and media requests for the extramural research program.", "63FN3B8QYC0-00126-00049444-00049961": "He's written on genomic for NCI, the American Society of Clinical Oncology, and John Hopkins", "63FN3B8QYC0-00127-00049961-00050159": "University.", "63FN3B8QYC0-00128-00050159-00050559": "Chris Donohue?", "63FN3B8QYC0-00129-00050559-00050987": "Chris is also in the communications branch of DCPE, and he'll lead the effort to archive", "63FN3B8QYC0-00130-00050987-00051347": "documents about NHGRI's scientific legacy.", "63FN3B8QYC0-00131-00051347-00051798": "Chris is also working on his doctoral degree at the University of Maryland.", "63FN3B8QYC0-00132-00051798-00052248": "Christina Dalton [spelled phonetically].", "63FN3B8QYC0-00133-00052248-00052705": "Christina is a new education outreach specialist in the Education and Community Involvement", "63FN3B8QYC0-00134-00052705-00053079": "branch of DPCE.", "63FN3B8QYC0-00135-00053079-00053179": "Thank you, Christina.", "63FN3B8QYC0-00136-00053179-00053660": "We would like to welcome our council liaisons: Ellen Giarelli from the International Society", "63FN3B8QYC0-00137-00053660-00054432": "of Nurses in Genetics; James O'Leary from the Genetic Alliance; Rhonda Schonberg from", "63FN3B8QYC0-00138-00054432-00054953": "the National Society of Genetic Counselors; and Mike Watson from the American College", "63FN3B8QYC0-00139-00054953-00055304": "of Medical Genetics.", "63FN3B8QYC0-00140-00055304-00055591": "Welcome all of you, and thank you for joining us today.", "63FN3B8QYC0-00141-00055591-00055973": "We also have a couple of guests in attendance.", "63FN3B8QYC0-00142-00055973-00056847": "Tabitha Hendershot and Mario Renado [spelled phonetically] at Nursing Research.", "63FN3B8QYC0-00143-00056847-00056983": "Thank you for joining us.", "63FN3B8QYC0-00144-00056983-00057578": "Is there anyone else that's attending that failed to be snagged at the sign-in sheet", "63FN3B8QYC0-00145-00057578-00058040": "at the front desk, if you're courageous enough to stand up and go to a microphone introduce", "63FN3B8QYC0-00146-00058040-00058216": "yourself.", "63FN3B8QYC0-00147-00058216-00058752": "Okay, let's move on to the meeting minutes from the last council round.", "63FN3B8QYC0-00148-00058752-00059265": "At this time, I'd like to ask the council if there are any corrections or additions", "63FN3B8QYC0-00149-00059265-00059764": "to the September 2012 council minutes?", "63FN3B8QYC0-00150-00059764-00060046": "If none, can I have a motion to accept the minutes?", "63FN3B8QYC0-00151-00060046-00060362": "Male Speaker: So moved.", "63FN3B8QYC0-00152-00060362-00060598": "Rudy Pozzatti: Second.", "63FN3B8QYC0-00153-00060598-00060835": "All in favor?", "63FN3B8QYC0-00154-00060835-00061163": "Anyone possibly opposed to approving the minutes?", "63FN3B8QYC0-00155-00061163-00061365": "Thank you.", "63FN3B8QYC0-00156-00061365-00061841": "Let me call your attention to the future meeting dates; it's on the open session agenda.", "63FN3B8QYC0-00157-00061841-00062197": "If we haven't done so already, Comfort [spelled phonetically] will send an email to all of", "63FN3B8QYC0-00158-00062197-00062407": "you and your administrative assistants.", "63FN3B8QYC0-00159-00062407-00063100": "These are dates that carry us two years hence to February of 2015.", "63FN3B8QYC0-00160-00063100-00063405": "And please put them on your calendar when you get that message.", "63FN3B8QYC0-00161-00063405-00063689": "And with that, I'm ready to turn this over to Eric for the director's report.", "63FN3B8QYC0-00162-00063689-00063709": "[end of transcript]"}}, {"audio_id": "65rndENkcrA", "text": {"65rndENkcrA-00000-00000000-00000468": "How to EDIT YOUR NOVEL using Trello | My Revision Plan - Author Brittany Wang // Hey Writers! in last week's video I showed you how I'm using Trello to outline", "65rndENkcrA-00001-00000468-00000905": "my novels but in this video I'm gonna show you how I'm taking that same Trello", "65rndENkcrA-00002-00000905-00001429": "outline and now using it to make editing notes and a revision plan for my book", "65rndENkcrA-00003-00001429-00001941": "first if you didn't see that outlining video yet you might want to go back and", "65rndENkcrA-00004-00001941-00002385": "watch that first so you can see how I set up this outline template and I'll", "65rndENkcrA-00005-00002385-00002753": "link that down below for you but if you already have your outline all set up the", "65rndENkcrA-00006-00002753-00003227": "first thing you want to do is create a copy of your outline so if you go ahead", "65rndENkcrA-00007-00003227-00003605": "and change things during this process that you don't end up liking you can", "65rndENkcrA-00008-00003605-00004035": "always revert back to your original then for editing I've been using the", "65rndENkcrA-00009-00004035-00004335": "following features first I use checklists", "65rndENkcrA-00010-00004335-00004812": "and I use this to mark off things I want to edit for each scene and these usually", "65rndENkcrA-00011-00004812-00005262": "come from the notes I personally made from my fast read through of my novel", "65rndENkcrA-00012-00005262-00005612": "and then I go ahead and check them off as I do them this past read-through that", "65rndENkcrA-00013-00005612-00006107": "I did for my young adult fantasy novel I actually used an eBook version of my", "65rndENkcrA-00014-00006107-00006545": "novel on Kindle and made highlights and notes directly in the e-book and that", "65rndENkcrA-00015-00006545-00006986": "was really helpful and cool so if you'd like to check out the video I did about", "65rndENkcrA-00016-00006986-00007239": "how to do that I'll link that video down below for you", "65rndENkcrA-00017-00007239-00007734": "as well then another section I usually add is for recording the most helpful", "65rndENkcrA-00018-00007734-00008015": "feedback I've gotten from my beta readers you don't know what a beta", "65rndENkcrA-00019-00008015-00008450": "reader is my goodness they are so helpful in improving your book and if", "65rndENkcrA-00020-00008450-00008874": "you want to learn more about what they are or my beta reader process you should", "65rndENkcrA-00021-00008874-00009218": "definitely check out my beta reader series which I'll link below to as I", "65rndENkcrA-00022-00009218-00009714": "showed in my last video I also love to analyze my story using labels these", "65rndENkcrA-00023-00009714-00010020": "labels are really helpful because you can hide them when you make them gray or", "65rndENkcrA-00024-00010020-00010482": "if you want to track something and really see it on the overall outline you", "65rndENkcrA-00025-00010482-00010950": "can colorize them I use these to keep track of things like character arcs and", "65rndENkcrA-00026-00010950-00011367": "it also helps me see which characters are in which scenes and if they're", "65rndENkcrA-00027-00011367-00011832": "missing for too long or in too many chapters I can mark main story beads and", "65rndENkcrA-00028-00011832-00012243": "figure out are they strong enough are they in the right place I can track", "65rndENkcrA-00029-00012243-00012663": "subplots and make sure that I'm not dropping them for too long sort of like", "65rndENkcrA-00030-00012663-00013256": "with characters and analyze just overall pacing I can also use labels to organize", "65rndENkcrA-00031-00013256-00013644": "different kinds of edits so if I have a bunch of scenes I want to", "65rndENkcrA-00032-00013644-00014094": "add I can create a label for that or if I have a bunch of scenes I know I need", "65rndENkcrA-00033-00014094-00014565": "to delete I can create a label for that or if I just want to mark all the scenes", "65rndENkcrA-00034-00014565-00014991": "that I know I need to rewrite or change significant things I can do that too", "65rndENkcrA-00035-00014991-00015432": "then Trello makes it really easy to just click and drag to rearrange scenes or to", "65rndENkcrA-00036-00015432-00015831": "go in and add or delete or you can even archive scenes if you don't want to", "65rndENkcrA-00037-00015831-00016386": "permanently delete them then I use all of this to do two waves of editing the", "65rndENkcrA-00038-00016386-00017007": "first is developmental and for this I made a separate list for overall edit of", "65rndENkcrA-00039-00017007-00017532": "the story as a whole and then again I can check them off as I do them I can", "65rndENkcrA-00040-00017532-00018081": "also use my labels to focus first on scenes I want to delete and then add or", "65rndENkcrA-00041-00018081-00018705": "rewrite I can also use my labels and even search for certain labels to focus", "65rndENkcrA-00042-00018705-00019167": "on different kinds of edits I want to do if I want to go in and just do all the", "65rndENkcrA-00043-00019167-00019569": "new scenes first or scenes I want to rewrite I can just search them like this", "65rndENkcrA-00044-00019569-00020091": "and they all pop up in a nice clean easy to find manner then as I was showing you", "65rndENkcrA-00045-00020091-00020658": "earlier I also create checklists within each scene card so I can go through the", "65rndENkcrA-00046-00020658-00021072": "list chronologically if that's how I want to edit and check things off as I", "65rndENkcrA-00047-00021072-00021453": "go as I said in my last video you can totally do so much of this kind of stuff", "65rndENkcrA-00048-00021453-00021933": "in a program called Scrivener but since I have a purchase Scrivener yet I love", "65rndENkcrA-00049-00021933-00022371": "that this Trello board is free and it also has some similar functions Trello", "65rndENkcrA-00050-00022371-00022845": "is also super useful for productivity like how I used it to create my digital", "65rndENkcrA-00051-00022845-00023202": "Kanban board so if you missed that video and you want to crush your goals and be", "65rndENkcrA-00052-00023202-00023583": "more productive I'll link that for you down below as well if you try any of", "65rndENkcrA-00053-00023583-00023922": "this out and love it don't forget to share this video on Instagram or Twitter", "65rndENkcrA-00054-00023922-00024381": "to help your other writer friends out and tag me because I'd love to see it", "65rndENkcrA-00055-00024381-00024687": "and know that it's helping other people and give you a shout out and if you're", "65rndENkcrA-00056-00024687-00024978": "looking for more writerly related videos you can check out one of", "65rndENkcrA-00057-00024978-00025379": "these two videos and we'll see you there"}}, {"audio_id": "65YF0RQ9CRk", "text": {"65YF0RQ9CRk-00000-00000491-00001119": "Good morning, mr, master, maestro or simply", "65YF0RQ9CRk-00001-00001119-00001267": "or", "65YF0RQ9CRk-00002-00001267-00002373": "simply David, yes David, why not David, David Lynch?", "65YF0RQ9CRk-00003-00002373-00003184": "It's October 22, 22nd, 2022 and it's a Saturday.", "65YF0RQ9CRk-00004-00003184-00004021": "Here in Naples a clear afternoon, it's already afteroon, are noon, very still right now,", "65YF0RQ9CRk-00005-00004021-00004946": "71.6 fahrenheit 22 celsius and this means that it's that day really, really, really,", "65YF0RQ9CRk-00006-00004946-00005126": "really soft like", "65YF0RQ9CRk-00007-00005126-00005700": "in these days and in this period and as you know we are in the perfect average of the", "65YF0RQ9CRk-00008-00005700-00006317": "period with these degrees because these degrees are the perfect degrees of the period here,", "65YF0RQ9CRk-00009-00006317-00007789": "in this year in this moment, of the Autumn, 71.6 fahrenheit 22 celsius.", "65YF0RQ9CRk-00010-00007789-00008440": "Being already afternoon I repeat once again that the temperature at this point is this,", "65YF0RQ9CRk-00011-00008440-00008543": "I repeat", "65YF0RQ9CRk-00012-00008543-00009420": "once again as I said a moment ago, for two times, this is the third, 71.6 fahrenheit", "65YF0RQ9CRk-00013-00009420-00009522": "22 celsius", "65YF0RQ9CRk-00014-00009522-00010224": "but the really important thing with this atmosphere is that in this moment we have,", "65YF0RQ9CRk-00015-00010224-00010386": "in this moment we have", "65YF0RQ9CRk-00016-00010386-00010964": "thooooooooooooooooose", "65YF0RQ9CRk-00017-00010964-00011885": "beautiful blue skies and golden sunshine and I think all along the way.", "65YF0RQ9CRk-00018-00011885-00012379": "Obviously all along the way as you know here less hours in comparison above all with the", "65YF0RQ9CRk-00019-00012379-00012810": "American friends because we have a completely different schedule.", "65YF0RQ9CRk-00020-00012810-00014371": "Even if I don't trust it because then yesterday it was cloudy, so we'll see if later the atmosphere", "65YF0RQ9CRk-00021-00014371-00014705": "will change like yesterday.", "65YF0RQ9CRk-00022-00014705-00015088": "But for the moment well, so said this:", "65YF0RQ9CRk-00023-00015088-00015463": "so from the mythical window with the orange, red, blue, green water courtain and its green", "65YF0RQ9CRk-00024-00015463-00016215": "roller shooter, not visible in this period and in fact here in the shot", "65YF0RQ9CRk-00025-00016215-00017811": "and finally from my mythical keyboard Yamaha DGX640 YPG-625", "65YF0RQ9CRk-00026-00017811-00018456": "have a great day him, all the people who follow the channel and the Weathers, yes, really", "65YF0RQ9CRk-00027-00018456-00019322": "a greeting to everyone, also to my brother, and finally I hope you all have a great breakfast.", "65YF0RQ9CRk-00028-00019322-00019888": "Unfortunately I already did it today.", "65YF0RQ9CRk-00029-00019888-00020526": "Breakfast is always one of the beautiful things in the life and in the world.", "65YF0RQ9CRk-00030-00020526-00021643": "I'll see you tomorrow."}}, {"audio_id": "65YWvUF8gfc", "text": {"65YWvUF8gfc-00000-00046800-00047534": "Good morning, mr, master, master or simply", "65YWvUF8gfc-00001-00047534-00048017": "oooooooooooooooooooooor", "65YWvUF8gfc-00002-00048017-00048787": "simply David, yes David, why not David, David, David Lynch?", "65YWvUF8gfc-00003-00048787-00050636": "It's January 24th, 2023 and it's a Tuesday.", "65YWvUF8gfc-00004-00050736-00051836": "Here in Naples a clear afternoon because it's already 14 and some minutes, very still right now,", "65YWvUF8gfc-00005-00051936-00052786": "55.4 fahrenheit 14 celsius and this means that for me (as you also notice from the t-shirt", "65YWvUF8gfc-00006-00052886-00053536": "and in the description or in the comment, I think in the comment, yes in the comment I", "65YWvUF8gfc-00007-00053636-00054735": "the reason for which I don't feel cold and also in general why today have the white t-shirt.", "65YWvUF8gfc-00008-00054835-00055585": "And this means that isn't (I repeat for me) that day really, really, really, really cold like in these days and in this period,", "65YWvUF8gfc-00009-00055585-00056685": "but in general objectively it's I think a Winter day even if the degrees today a little more", "65YWvUF8gfc-00010-00056785-00057535": "compared to the last 2-3 days because today 12 celsius, so yes a little better but in general", "65YWvUF8gfc-00011-00057635-00058428": "it's a Winter day or cold atmosphere.", "65YWvUF8gfc-00012-00058528-00059078": "Being already afternoon I think that the temperature at this point is this, I repeat as I said", "65YWvUF8gfc-00013-00059178-00059598": "just before 55.4 fahrenheit 13 celsius,", "65YWvUF8gfc-00014-00059698-00060348": "but the really important with this atmosphere is that today we have, today we have", "65YWvUF8gfc-00015-00060348-00061298": "thooooooooooooooooooooooooose", "65YWvUF8gfc-00016-00061298-00062347": "beautiful", "65YWvUF8gfc-00017-00062447-00063097": "blue skies and golden sunshine all along the way, all along the way but the day goes to the end", "65YWvUF8gfc-00018-00063097-00063747": "so already we said that we had them. Yes and in general for another 3-4 hours", "65YWvUF8gfc-00019-00063747-00064297": "in comparison above all with the American friends because obviously we've a completely different schedule.", "65YWvUF8gfc-00020-00064397-00064549": "Well, so said this:", "65YWvUF8gfc-00021-00064549-00065097": "so from the mythical window with the gray curtain, new as you know since November 1st", "65YWvUF8gfc-00022-00065097-00065247": "and also with those beautiful painted branches,", "65YWvUF8gfc-00023-00065247-00066097": "and as regards the window its green roller shooter, not visible in this period and in fact here in the shot", "65YWvUF8gfc-00024-00066097-00067466": "and finally from my mythical keyboard Yamaha DGX640 YPG-625", "65YWvUF8gfc-00025-00067770-00068519": "Have a great day to him, all the people who follow the channel and the Reports, yes", "65YWvUF8gfc-00026-00068519-00069123": "really a greeting to everyone, also to my brother, to the last subscribers and finally I hope you all have a great", "65YWvUF8gfc-00027-00069123-00069546": "breakfast. Unfortunately I already did it today but as we always say:", "65YWvUF8gfc-00028-00069646-00070649": "Breakfast is always one of the most beautiful things in life and in the world, absolutely.", "65YWvUF8gfc-00029-00071149-00072099": "I'll see you tomorrow. Today no \"Today's UFO Plate is..?\" video because as you know it's a Tuesday."}}, {"audio_id": "661pXC9L7ak", "text": {"661pXC9L7ak-00000-00000142-00000349": "HTML block.", "661pXC9L7ak-00001-00000349-00000853": "A HTML block is a customisable block allowing you to add", "661pXC9L7ak-00002-00000853-00001480": "images, text, links or even embedded code or widgets two blocks at the side of your", "661pXC9L7ak-00003-00001480-00001661": "course.", "661pXC9L7ak-00004-00001661-00002082": "You don't need to understand HTML code to use it.", "661pXC9L7ak-00005-00002082-00002453": "You can add more than one block as you see here where we", "661pXC9L7ak-00006-00002453-00002950": "have for instance an image of the Arc de Triomphe in Paris which links to a", "661pXC9L7ak-00007-00002950-00003901": "website of Paris tourism and we have tweets from a twitter hashtag.", "661pXC9L7ak-00008-00003901-00004660": "To add a block we go to the gear menu top right and turn on the editing", "661pXC9L7ak-00009-00004660-00005264": "and then from the Add block link in the nav drawer, we choose the block we want - HTML", "661pXC9L7ak-00010-00005264-00005548": "block.", "661pXC9L7ak-00011-00005548-00006055": "Let's add an image and link to that image so when the block is added", "661pXC9L7ak-00012-00006055-00006637": "we need to configure the new HTML block by clicking the gear icon.", "661pXC9L7ak-00013-00006637-00007007": "We give it a title - I'm going to call it Bonjour", "661pXC9L7ak-00014-00007007-00007414": "and then in the content we add the image we want.", "661pXC9L7ak-00015-00007414-00007842": "I already have a Public domain image of the Arc de Triomphe on my", "661pXC9L7ak-00016-00007842-00008264": "desktop so I'm simply going to drag it in.", "661pXC9L7ak-00017-00008264-00008724": "Note the text editor I'm using is Moodle's Atto editor.", "661pXC9L7ak-00018-00008724-00009132": "If you are using a different editor such as Tiny MCE you", "661pXC9L7ak-00019-00009132-00009438": "won't be able to drag and drop your image in.", "661pXC9L7ak-00020-00009438-00009972": "You can change this from your User menu > Preferences.", "661pXC9L7ak-00021-00009972-00010343": "We could simply save it and display it now, but we're", "661pXC9L7ak-00022-00010343-00010810": "going to link this image to Paris tourism website.", "661pXC9L7ak-00023-00010810-00011392": "So if we select the image and then click the link icon we", "661pXC9L7ak-00024-00011392-00011981": "can then paste in the URL of the Paris tourism website which we will have", "661pXC9L7ak-00025-00011981-00012352": "already found and copied in another tab.", "661pXC9L7ak-00026-00012352-00012918": "When we save the changes we will see the images there and it's linked to the website.", "661pXC9L7ak-00027-00012918-00013668": "And that is how you add HTML blocks - but optionally, if you would like", "661pXC9L7ak-00028-00013668-00014165": "to try something more challenging - you don't have to - but let's try adding", "661pXC9L7ak-00029-00014165-00014447": "tweets from a Twitter hashtag.", "661pXC9L7ak-00030-00014447-00014870": "How about #learnfrench as this is Sam's course, our", "661pXC9L7ak-00031-00014870-00014970": "teacher.", "661pXC9L7ak-00032-00014970-00015581": "For this we need to expand the editor and click on the HTML code link", "661pXC9L7ak-00033-00015581-00016043": "because we're going to embed some code from Twitter.", "661pXC9L7ak-00034-00016043-00016481": "We then need to go to the settings of our own Twitter account and", "661pXC9L7ak-00035-00016481-00017242": "then choose widgets and then create new and search.", "661pXC9L7ak-00036-00017242-00017797": "We type in the hashtag we want with any customisations and then click", "661pXC9L7ak-00037-00017797-00018481": "create widget this then produces some code we can copy and paste back in the", "661pXC9L7ak-00038-00018481-00018701": "Atto editor.", "661pXC9L7ak-00039-00018701-00019084": "It doesn't matter if we don't know what it actually means we go back to our", "661pXC9L7ak-00040-00019084-00019979": "editor paste in the code save and there we have along with our image HTML block", "661pXC9L7ak-00041-00019979-00020251": "a Twitter block with the tweets from the hashtag."}}, {"audio_id": "664RDMWoSc0", "text": {"664RDMWoSc0-00000-00000143-00001079": "This course is Language, Technology, & Society, an undergraduate course offered by the Department", "664RDMWoSc0-00001-00001079-00001951": "of Linguistics at the University of Illinois.", "664RDMWoSc0-00002-00001951-00003123": "This course deals with the interrelated nature of language, technology, and society.", "664RDMWoSc0-00003-00003123-00003897": "In this course, we will discuss the invention of writing as a language technology and how", "664RDMWoSc0-00004-00003897-00004930": "that gave rise to a series of cultural revolutions.", "664RDMWoSc0-00005-00004930-00005990": "We will tackle the nature of society and what it means to be a social group, a social world.", "664RDMWoSc0-00006-00005990-00006793": "We will then move on to discuss language technologies such as the telegraph and discuss their impact", "664RDMWoSc0-00007-00006793-00007081": "on history.", "664RDMWoSc0-00008-00007081-00007965": "Finally, we will utilize the internet as a means by which we can re-evaluate our language", "664RDMWoSc0-00009-00007965-00008695": "and its impact on society on a global scale."}}, {"audio_id": "66xFn4ILyj0", "text": {"66xFn4ILyj0-00000-00000134-00000476": "Hello, everyone, this is Noble H. Mushtak and today, we are here with", "66xFn4ILyj0-00001-00000524-00000750": "another Maine Association of Math Leagues problem,", "66xFn4ILyj0-00002-00000806-00001066": "Meet 1, 2011-2012,", "66xFn4ILyj0-00003-00001128-00001328": "Round 4, Number Theory --", "66xFn4ILyj0-00004-00001328-00001436": "so a new topic --", "66xFn4ILyj0-00005-00001436-00001823": "Now, we have to deal with the properties of numbers.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00006-00001872-00002090": "Problem 3.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00007-00002181-00002309": "Find the remainder", "66xFn4ILyj0-00008-00002354-00002586": "when 23 to the 15th", "66xFn4ILyj0-00009-00002586-00002866": "multiplied by 47 to the 17th", "66xFn4ILyj0-00010-00002996-00003200": "is divided by 5.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00011-00003270-00003497": "This is a very big number", "66xFn4ILyj0-00012-00003522-00003688": "and we need to find the remainder.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00013-00003715-00003864": "There's two choices you have:", "66xFn4ILyj0-00014-00003864-00004044": "(Well, more than two choices.)", "66xFn4ILyj0-00015-00004044-00004219": "(Actually, much more than two choices.)", "66xFn4ILyj0-00016-00004219-00004389": "But two choices that come into mind:", "66xFn4ILyj0-00017-00004408-00004538": "a) Guess.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00018-00004538-00004754": "If you have no idea how to solve this problem,", "66xFn4ILyj0-00019-00004754-00005050": "you have a 1 in 5 chance of getting this problem right.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00020-00005050-00005530": "It's either 0, a 1, a 2, a 3, or a 4.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00021-00005536-00005800": "If you know some properties of numbers,", "66xFn4ILyj0-00022-00005800-00006187": "you might be able to guess that it's not 0 because this is not divisible by 5.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00023-00006188-00006412": "I'll get to that why in a second.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00024-00006468-00006709": "So it's not divisible by 5, so we have a 1 in 4 chance:", "66xFn4ILyj0-00025-00006712-00006866": "1, 2, 3, 4", "66xFn4ILyj0-00026-00006866-00007129": "You can just guess, see if you get the right answer.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00027-00007228-00007459": "But we're not going to guess because we know what we're doing", "66xFn4ILyj0-00028-00007502-00007773": "and we know modular arithmetic.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00029-00007773-00008193": "Now, modular arithmetic is dealing with the reaminders of numbers.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00030-00008194-00008492": "So, let's say 6 modulo 5.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00031-00008492-00008958": "That is congruent to 1.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00032-00008958-00009194": "In this video, we're just going to use the equals sign,", "66xFn4ILyj0-00033-00009194-00009444": "but it's actually three lines", "66xFn4ILyj0-00034-00009444-00009568": "and it's a \"congruent\" sign.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00035-00009624-00009986": "So, yeah. Right here, I'll put an annotation to", "66xFn4ILyj0-00036-00009986-00010360": "a modular arithmetic tutorial on Khan Academy.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00037-00010360-00010552": "And I'll also put a link in the description.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00038-00010556-00010982": "I really like this tutorial on modular arithmetic.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00039-00011028-00011120": "So, yeah.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00040-00011120-00011358": "Basically, this is just finding the reminders of numbers.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00041-00011358-00011690": "So, like, 3 modulo 5 -- The remainder of that is 3.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00042-00011690-00011941": "5 modulo 5 -- The remainder of that is 0.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00043-00012004-00012140": "On and on... -- Yeah.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00044-00012140-00012508": "This is actually really helpful in cryptography and information theory", "66xFn4ILyj0-00045-00012678-00012932": "and it's also in group theory", "66xFn4ILyj0-00046-00012954-00013150": "because modulo is a group", "66xFn4ILyj0-00047-00013150-00013340": "which is very complicated; you don't need to know what that is.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00048-00013340-00013904": "Basically, if you don't know the properties of the modulo operator and modulo arithmetic,", "66xFn4ILyj0-00049-00013904-00014154": "then I have no idea how you're going to solve this problem.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00050-00014250-00014522": "They don't teach modular arithmetic in school,", "66xFn4ILyj0-00051-00014522-00014754": "which makes this even harder to do.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00052-00014754-00015134": "So if you do know how to solve this problem, good job! Good job.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00053-00015134-00015526": "But if you don't, that's OK. They don't really teach you how to do this in school at all.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00054-00015526-00015736": "Just like many other MAML problems.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00055-00015852-00016414": "How do we find the remainder of this number divided by 5?", "66xFn4ILyj0-00056-00016746-00016946": "First, it's not divisible by 5", "66xFn4ILyj0-00057-00016946-00017302": "because 23 is not divisible by 5, obviously,", "66xFn4ILyj0-00058-00017302-00017564": "and 47 is not divisble by 5.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00059-00017564-00018218": "So you have to realize that this is just a bunch of 23s and 47s multiplied together.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00060-00018254-00018678": "So since there's no number divisible by 5 multiplied into that,", "66xFn4ILyj0-00061-00018754-00019444": "you can't have any 5 times this number equals", "66xFn4ILyj0-00062-00019610-00019946": "our number right here because there's no 5 in here.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00063-00020122-00020478": "So we know that the answer is not 0 because it's not divisble by 5.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00064-00020478-00020844": "And if it was divisible by 5, then, obviously, the remainder would be 0.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00065-00020844-00021026": "So it's not 0, we know that much.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00066-00021026-00021452": "If it was 0, then we could just write down 0 which would make it very easy to solve.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00067-00021452-00021638": "The first thing you want to check is", "66xFn4ILyj0-00068-00021638-00021932": "if it is divisible by the divisor,", "66xFn4ILyj0-00069-00021932-00022193": "because if it is, then that'll make this much eaiser.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00070-00022196-00022284": "But it's not.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00071-00022284-00022634": "So now, we need to find whether or not it's 1, 2, 3, or 4.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00072-00022812-00023164": "So the way we do that is we use the following property.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00073-00023206-00023548": "So when we have a product of two numbers, a and b,", "66xFn4ILyj0-00074-00023562-00023914": "and we find the remainder of them with the divisor c --", "66xFn4ILyj0-00075-00023914-00024280": "That is the same as finding the following:", "66xFn4ILyj0-00076-00024292-00024892": "The remainder of a divided by c TIMES the remainder of b divided by c.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00077-00024892-00025460": "This is kind of like a distribution of modulo c to a and b over multiplication,", "66xFn4ILyj0-00078-00025472-00025866": "and this can be really helpful because it really makes it easier to solve.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00079-00025960-00026518": "So...Yeah. We can just break it up into two modulo problems like this.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00080-00026589-00026733": "So we'll do that here.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00081-00026756-00027666": "[writes math expression on screen]", "66xFn4ILyj0-00082-00027708-00028100": "23^15 modulo 5 times", "66xFn4ILyj0-00083-00028100-00028494": "47^17 modulo 5.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00084-00028494-00028762": "Now, we have two modulo problems.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00085-00028762-00029030": "23^15 and 47^17.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00086-00029030-00029246": "So, they're both still very big numbers,", "66xFn4ILyj0-00087-00029289-00029600": "but, now, as you can see,", "66xFn4ILyj0-00088-00029914-00030394": "we have them both in the form of a^b modulo c.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00089-00030394-00030604": "So -- c is just modulo 5.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00090-00030710-00030998": "So, you see here, this is 47^17:", "66xFn4ILyj0-00091-00030998-00031183": "That's just one exponentiation problem.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00092-00031233-00031610": "This is 23^15: That's just one exponentiation problem.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00093-00031610-00031825": "So that's what we wanted to do to this.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00094-00031825-00032032": "We wanted to get it into this form.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00095-00032250-00032378": "Now, you might ask:", "66xFn4ILyj0-00096-00032386-00032890": "How do we solve a^b modulo 5?", "66xFn4ILyj0-00097-00032944-00033352": "Well, let's start with the specifics, let's start with 23^15 modulo 5.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00098-00033394-00033850": "Now, remember that 23^15 is just 23*23*23*... all the way through.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00099-00033956-00034692": "So it's just (23 modulo 5) times (23 modulo 5) times...", "66xFn4ILyj0-00100-00034692-00034968": "And we keep going and this is 15 times.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00101-00035214-00035440": "So it's 23 modulo 5", "66xFn4ILyj0-00102-00035530-00035754": "to the power of 15.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00103-00035834-00036014": "What's 23 modulo 5?", "66xFn4ILyj0-00104-00036098-00036436": "Well, that's the remainder of 23 divided by 5 and that's just 3.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00105-00036472-00036640": "So 3^15.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00106-00036640-00036975": "Now, 3^15 is a very big number which we are _not_ going to calculate.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00107-00037037-00037317": "But -- And it's definitely not 1, 2, 3, or 4 --", "66xFn4ILyj0-00108-00037317-00037598": "So we need to take the remainder of this divided by 5.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00109-00037846-00038286": "So now we need to find the remainder of 3^15 modulo 5:", "66xFn4ILyj0-00110-00038286-00038442": "So how do we that because that's", "66xFn4ILyj0-00111-00038488-00038802": "(3 modulo 5) to the 15th and that's --", "66xFn4ILyj0-00112-00038884-00039280": "and saying that isn't going to help us because that's just 3^15 again.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00113-00039404-00039868": "The way we do this is that we break it up into a product of powers.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00114-00039966-00040270": "And the way we do that is that we get 15,", "66xFn4ILyj0-00115-00040270-00040450": "which is our exponent, in binary.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00116-00040450-00040574": "So it's 15 in binary.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00117-00040992-00041252": "Well, it's 8+4+2+1", "66xFn4ILyj0-00118-00041348-00041596": "I just know that off the top of my head.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00119-00041680-00041972": "Different people have different ways of converting numbers to binary;", "66xFn4ILyj0-00120-00041972-00042339": "You should have one way of converting numbers to binary because it's really helpful in MAML.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00121-00042378-00042566": "So this is 1111 in binary.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00122-00042566-00042997": "Now, what we really need to know -- and this is the important part -- is 8+4+2+1.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00123-00043038-00043214": "So if you remember your exponent properties,", "66xFn4ILyj0-00124-00043214-00043446": "then you can remember that this can be broken up", "66xFn4ILyj0-00125-00043520-00043754": "into 3^8...", "66xFn4ILyj0-00126-00043766-00044500": "[writes math expression on screen]", "66xFn4ILyj0-00127-00044500-00045484": "So 3^15 is 3^8 times 3^4 times 3^2 times 3^1, which is 3,", "66xFn4ILyj0-00128-00045484-00045618": "modulo 5.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00129-00045674-00046062": "The way we got that is because 8+4+2+1 is 15,", "66xFn4ILyj0-00130-00046062-00046291": "so we can break it up into different powers.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00131-00046292-00046754": "So like 3^4 is 3^2 times 3^2 because 2+2=4.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00132-00046754-00047174": "This is just the same thing, except with 8+4+2+1=15.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00133-00047278-00047776": "Now, we need to figure out the modulo of 3^8, 3^4, 3^2, and 3.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00134-00047820-00049446": "[writes math expressions on screen]", "66xFn4ILyj0-00135-00049500-00049596": "OK, like that.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00136-00049596-00049868": "So, we already know 3 modulo 5, that's just 3.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00137-00049868-00050152": "What's 3^2 modulo 5? That's --", "66xFn4ILyj0-00138-00050152-00050246": "3^2 is 9.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00139-00050314-00050754": "And 9 divided by 5's remainder is 4.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00140-00050802-00051522": "And then 3^4 -- Well, 3^4 is too big for us to calculate.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00141-00051644-00051898": "So, we'll just keep that and we'll just keep that.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00142-00051916-00052410": "[writes math expression on screen]", "66xFn4ILyj0-00143-00052452-00052562": "OK, so we --", "66xFn4ILyj0-00144-00052562-00052822": "[fixes typos]", "66xFn4ILyj0-00145-00052822-00052977": "Sorry, lots of typos here.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00146-00052978-00053432": "So we can just calculate, now, 3^4 modulo 5 and 3^8 modulo 5.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00147-00053450-00053866": "The way we do that is that we break 3^4 up into 3^2 and 3^2.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00148-00053910-00054250": "So, first, 3^4.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00149-00054284-00054750": "[writes math expressions on screen]", "66xFn4ILyj0-00150-00054755-00055029": "So, we need to calculate 3^4 modulo 5.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00151-00055212-00055484": "We can just break that up into 3^2 and 3^2.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00152-00055522-00055876": "[writes math equation on screen]", "66xFn4ILyj0-00153-00055883-00056219": "Now, we already calculated that 3^2 modulo 5 was 4,", "66xFn4ILyj0-00154-00056279-00056429": "so this is just 4*4.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00155-00056458-00056796": "[writes math expression on screen]", "66xFn4ILyj0-00156-00056796-00056974": "4*4 is just 16.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00157-00056974-00057230": "16 divided by 5: The remainder of that is 1.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00158-00057247-00057423": "Now, we know that this is 1.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00159-00057511-00057687": "OK, so now, remember that.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00160-00057728-00057912": "And now, to calculate 3^8,", "66xFn4ILyj0-00161-00057912-00058121": "we just break it up into two 3^4s,", "66xFn4ILyj0-00162-00058122-00058254": "because 4+4=8.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00163-00058444-00058664": "So 3^4 modulo 5", "66xFn4ILyj0-00164-00058696-00059302": "[writes math expressions on screen]", "66xFn4ILyj0-00165-00059348-00059841": "So, 3^4 modulo 5 is 1, so this is just 1 times 1 modulo 5.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00166-00059870-00060391": "1 times 1 is 1: The remainder of 1 when divided by 5 is 1.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00167-00060461-00060605": "So this is also just 1.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00168-00060672-00061029": "So this is 3*4*1*1 modulo 5", "66xFn4ILyj0-00169-00061086-00061250": "which is 3*4.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00170-00061250-00061672": "3*4*1*1 is just 3*4 because 1 times anything is the same thing.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00171-00061672-00061841": "3*4 is 12.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00172-00061841-00062466": "The remainder of 12 when divided by 5 is 2.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00173-00062466-00062578": "So that's just 2.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00174-00062578-00062838": "So you see this? We just solved this problem.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00175-00062838-00063129": "This is 2. That's it.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00176-00063298-00063846": "Now, we just need to do the same thing with 47^17.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00177-00063874-00064452": "[writes math expressions on screen]", "66xFn4ILyj0-00178-00064546-00064936": "[waits in silence]", "66xFn4ILyj0-00179-00064936-00065276": "Oh. First, we need to break up 17 into binary.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00180-00065352-00065512": "So you might know your powers of 2:", "66xFn4ILyj0-00181-00065512-00065820": "1, 2, 4, 8, 16: 16.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00182-00065944-00066162": "16+1.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00183-00066236-00066308": "That's it.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00184-00066402-00066710": "So we just need to figure out 47^16", "66xFn4ILyj0-00185-00066766-00067176": "No, 47 times 47^16 modulo 5", "66xFn4ILyj0-00186-00067308-00067928": "47 modulo 5 times 47^16 modulo 5.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00187-00068130-00068404": "So what's 47 divided by 5?", "66xFn4ILyj0-00188-00068582-00068668": "The remainder of that.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00189-00068668-00068844": "That's 2, so that's just 2.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00190-00068878-00069022": "And we can also --", "66xFn4ILyj0-00191-00069022-00069282": "Remember how we replaced 23 here?", "66xFn4ILyj0-00192-00069282-00069594": "We replaced it with 3 when we were calculating the modulo", "66xFn4ILyj0-00193-00069594-00070176": "because 40 -- 23 divided by 5 modulo 5 is just 3.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00194-00070176-00070784": "Well, we can do the same thing here, so instead of 47^16, we have 2^16 modulo 5.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00195-00070784-00071037": "Now, if you know your powers of 2 really well,", "66xFn4ILyj0-00196-00071131-00071379": "we actually can just calculate 2^16.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00197-00071510-00071782": "So, we'll just calculate our powers of 2.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00198-00071794-00072202": "[waits in silence]", "66xFn4ILyj0-00199-00072210-00072632": "2 to...", "66xFn4ILyj0-00200-00072664-00072770": "2^2 is 4.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00201-00072824-00073320": "So 2^4 is (2^2)^2 is 16.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00202-00073526-00074214": "2^8 is (2^4)^2, which is 256.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00203-00074500-00075040": "And 2^16=(2^8)^2, which is...", "66xFn4ILyj0-00204-00075286-00075518": "OK, so this is where we have to stop because the numbers are too big.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00205-00075518-00075772": "But, basically, now that we know that 2^8 is 256,", "66xFn4ILyj0-00206-00075828-00076750": "so we can just calculate 2^8 modulo 5 times 2^8 modulo 5", "66xFn4ILyj0-00207-00076750-00076969": "The reason we can do that is because we know", "66xFn4ILyj0-00208-00076969-00077260": "that 8+8=16, so we're breaking it up into 2 8s.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00209-00077260-00077514": "We're breaking 16 up into 2 8s.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00210-00077514-00077764": "So what's 256 modulo 5?", "66xFn4ILyj0-00211-00078108-00078340": "That's congruent to 1, so this is 1.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00212-00078414-00078716": "1*1 modulo 5.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00213-00078743-00079087": "1*1 is 1: The remainder of that when divided by 5 is 1.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00214-00079130-00079482": "2^16 modulo 5 is 1.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00215-00079862-00080164": "So now, 2*1 modulo 5:", "66xFn4ILyj0-00216-00080164-00080468": "2*1 is 2: 2 modulo 5 is 2.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00217-00080570-00080798": "So that's also just 2.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00218-00080868-00080988": "Just like before.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00219-00081030-00081414": "[backspaces work]", "66xFn4ILyj0-00220-00081414-00081626": "Now, we need to figure out 2*2 modulo 5.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00221-00081681-00081803": "What's 2*2? 4.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00222-00081804-00082106": "What's 4 modulo 5? 4. That's it.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00223-00082222-00082654": "So, yeah. That was a pretty hard problem, especially since they don't teach you this in school.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00224-00082698-00082884": "They don't teach you that at all in school.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00225-00082884-00083250": "They teach you logarithm properties, but they don't teach you modulo properties,", "66xFn4ILyj0-00226-00083250-00083500": "which I think is kind of a shame because I like modular arithmetic.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00227-00083594-00083758": "So...Yeah.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00228-00083758-00084090": "I thought this was a fun problem if you know modular arithmetic.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00229-00084090-00084289": "If you don't, then it was probably very hard.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00230-00084289-00084493": "Especially if you were confused by the binary part.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00231-00084544-00084822": "If I took the time to really teach you how to do binary,", "66xFn4ILyj0-00232-00084822-00085379": "I think this would be the wrong video for it because it's modular arithmetic on top of binary, so..", "66xFn4ILyj0-00233-00085450-00085578": "Very complicated problem.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00234-00085578-00085763": "Don't feel bad if you didn't get it.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00235-00085763-00085950": "But if you did get it, really good job!", "66xFn4ILyj0-00236-00086162-00086282": "So the answer's 4.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00237-00086336-00086524": "Very -- V-v-v-very --", "66xFn4ILyj0-00238-00086524-00086712": "They're very hard problems to do,", "66xFn4ILyj0-00239-00086712-00086954": "but it's either 1, 2, 3, or 4, so you have --", "66xFn4ILyj0-00240-00086954-00087358": "Like it's a multiple choice question, except it's EXTREMELY hard.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00241-00087454-00087732": "So it's an EXTREMELY hard multiple choice question.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00242-00087912-00088130": "Even though it's not multiple choice really, but...", "66xFn4ILyj0-00243-00088214-00088278": "So, yeah.", "66xFn4ILyj0-00244-00088278-00088545": "I hope you had fun doing this problem and have fun doing math!"}}, {"audio_id": "66DiXPYGijY", "text": {"66DiXPYGijY-00000-00000401-00001230": "So excited we're here with the crew we want to say thank you. We are so proud, gracias.", "66DiXPYGijY-00001-00001448-00001742": "We're really emotional for this food.", "66DiXPYGijY-00002-00001788-00002211": "We are going to be able to help our farm workers and those that are affected by the rain.", "66DiXPYGijY-00003-00002211-00002530": "Thank you so much for your work.", "66DiXPYGijY-00004-00002530-00002826": "Here's our house this is your house too.", "66DiXPYGijY-00005-00002964-00003438": "Hello I would like to thank you in the name of ALAS for donating this", "66DiXPYGijY-00006-00003438-00003768": "food for the community in Half Moon Bay and community of the coast. Thank you.", "66DiXPYGijY-00007-00003828-00004164": "I'm Patty Ramirez I'm just part of the board of ALAS.", "66DiXPYGijY-00008-00004164-00004938": "I just want to say thank you for this amazing food that we got ready for", "66DiXPYGijY-00009-00004938-00005394": "our community. I'm just gonna say thank you so much, God bless you.", "66DiXPYGijY-00010-00005394-00005963": "We have an amazing team from the MAP program. Thank you guys for all of your hard work.", "66DiXPYGijY-00011-00006013-00006554": "and the truck that still has some more food so we're really grateful.", "66DiXPYGijY-00012-00006578-00006803": "As you can tell it's very emotional to be able to", "66DiXPYGijY-00013-00006803-00007195": "know that we're going to get this out to the community so we're so grateful."}}, {"audio_id": "67514ADk96Q", "text": {"67514ADk96Q-00000-00000174-00010270": "Copyright © 2019 by Doniell C. Cushman. All Rights Reserved."}}, {"audio_id": "67iG70kRy68", "text": {"67iG70kRy68-00000-00002826-00003026": "The Third World has five subjects. First, geographically speaking of countries from Africa, Asia, and Latin America, economically speaking all the poorer countries in the world.", "67iG70kRy68-00001-00003134-00003379": "I visited a remote village deep in the mountains of the Philippines in 1995. Although it was a time of meeting, I saw hope for the future in their clear eyes and bright hearts with the children who lived there.", "67iG70kRy68-00002-00003465-00003822": "Twenty-three years later, I post these pictures thinking of them living in a more developed economic environment."}}, {"audio_id": "67_OoQRzPgc", "text": {"67_OoQRzPgc-00000-00000000-00000245": "We gonna in in the end!", "67_OoQRzPgc-00001-00000245-00000552": "We must be strong! And we must be brave", "67_OoQRzPgc-00002-00000552-00001000": "(We must be brave!) We must be strong! She-Ra and the Princesses of Power: Warrior"}}, {"audio_id": "67AFSzZuNVE", "text": {"67AFSzZuNVE-00000-00000026-00000227": "Hello friends!", "67AFSzZuNVE-00001-00000227-00000618": "Every day, let's learn a little more knowledge with us.", "67AFSzZuNVE-00002-00000618-00001218": "Russia and Ukraine are still punching each other, this is still the topic of global concern.", "67AFSzZuNVE-00003-00001218-00001580": "In fact, most of us know well who will win this battle.", "67AFSzZuNVE-00004-00001580-00002231": "Because, compared to Russia, Ukraine is just like a piglet standing next to a giant bear.", "67AFSzZuNVE-00005-00002231-00002805": "When, without any military support from the West, Russia hit Ukraine as lightly as a bear", "67AFSzZuNVE-00006-00002805-00002999": "eating a piglet. 1.", "67AFSzZuNVE-00007-00002999-00003596": "However, you may not have noticed that, although militarily, Russia only snapped its fingers,", "67AFSzZuNVE-00008-00003596-00003871": "one and Ukraine went up in smoke.", "67AFSzZuNVE-00009-00003871-00004467": "But in terms of economy, Russia also has to accept sacrifices and very heavy losses when", "67AFSzZuNVE-00010-00004467-00004667": "entering this war.", "67AFSzZuNVE-00011-00004667-00005067": "Why did Russia suffer and how serious was the damage?.", "67AFSzZuNVE-00012-00005067-00005292": "Let's dive into the details now.", "67AFSzZuNVE-00013-00005292-00005392": "1.", "67AFSzZuNVE-00014-00005392-00005713": "First of all, where did Russia's losses come from?.", "67AFSzZuNVE-00015-00005713-00006267": "The answer is very clear, it is the embargo from the West, including the US, NATO and", "67AFSzZuNVE-00016-00006267-00006500": "other US allies.", "67AFSzZuNVE-00017-00006500-00006919": "We are still laughing at the president of Ukraine, because he was so dependent on the", "67AFSzZuNVE-00018-00006919-00007397": "West, only to be disappointed when no one sent troops to help him fight Russia.", "67AFSzZuNVE-00019-00007397-00007497": "1.", "67AFSzZuNVE-00020-00007497-00007970": "However, the West has also implemented very heavy economic sanctions on Russia.", "67AFSzZuNVE-00021-00007970-00008476": "Although it is not heavy enough to cause President Putin to retreat.", "67AFSzZuNVE-00022-00008476-00008985": "But this is also an economic blow that makes Russia stoop to support.", "67AFSzZuNVE-00023-00008985-00009463": "And the new, recently passed sanctions are arguably the heaviest sanctions Russia has", "67AFSzZuNVE-00024-00009463-00009706": "ever suffered in history.", "67AFSzZuNVE-00025-00009706-00010002": "So specifically, what are those punitive policies?.", "67AFSzZuNVE-00026-00010002-00010102": "1.", "67AFSzZuNVE-00027-00010102-00010742": "Let's start with 2014, which is the time when Russia annexed Cream into its territory.", "67AFSzZuNVE-00028-00010742-00011268": "At this time, the United States, NATO and a number of other allies opposed this action", "67AFSzZuNVE-00029-00011268-00011429": "of Russia.", "67AFSzZuNVE-00030-00011429-00011736": "By putting embargoes on this country.", "67AFSzZuNVE-00031-00011736-00012035": "The embargo, extended in three rounds.", "67AFSzZuNVE-00032-00012035-00012135": "1.", "67AFSzZuNVE-00033-00012135-00012599": "In the first round, the United States and its allies banned entry and transactions with", "67AFSzZuNVE-00034-00012599-00013071": "those who they believed to be acting in favor of Russia's annexation of Cream.", "67AFSzZuNVE-00035-00013071-00013606": "Including, there are leaders of Russian state-owned companies, members of parliament and others", "67AFSzZuNVE-00036-00013606-00013782": "in the government.", "67AFSzZuNVE-00037-00013782-00014256": "In the second round, the Council of Europe stripped Russia of its voting rights.", "67AFSzZuNVE-00038-00014256-00014356": "1.", "67AFSzZuNVE-00039-00014356-00015069": "In the third round, by 2015, the US and its allies had embargoed arms imports from Russia.", "67AFSzZuNVE-00040-00015069-00015738": "And bans the export of weapons-related electronics and technology in the oil industry to Russia.", "67AFSzZuNVE-00041-00015738-00016273": "Many ongoing projects in Russia and the Cream peninsula have been suspended.", "67AFSzZuNVE-00042-00016273-00016765": "Some small banks in Russia are also banned from operating in US allied countries.", "67AFSzZuNVE-00043-00016765-00016865": "1.", "67AFSzZuNVE-00044-00016865-00017454": "Russia does not receive loans, restricts the issuance and trading of certain types of bonds.", "67AFSzZuNVE-00045-00017454-00017918": "And an expanded list with hundreds of characters who are not allowed to enter, and these people", "67AFSzZuNVE-00046-00017918-00018301": "are not traded in the US and allied countries.", "67AFSzZuNVE-00047-00018301-00018502": "Their assets were also frozen.", "67AFSzZuNVE-00048-00018502-00018602": "1.", "67AFSzZuNVE-00049-00018602-00019373": "In general, with sanctions from 2014 to 2015, often focused only on weapons and oil.", "67AFSzZuNVE-00050-00019373-00019762": "So the effect is not much, for the entire Russian economy.", "67AFSzZuNVE-00051-00019762-00020413": "However, recently the conflict between Russia and Ukraine continues to escalate.", "67AFSzZuNVE-00052-00020413-00020901": "The Russian army has gathered and is ready to fight, while the US and NATO continue to", "67AFSzZuNVE-00053-00020901-00021136": "expand sanctions.", "67AFSzZuNVE-00054-00021136-00021573": "With the purpose of causing damage to Russia so that President Putin must be afraid to", "67AFSzZuNVE-00055-00021573-00021749": "withdraw his troops.", "67AFSzZuNVE-00056-00021749-00021849": "1.", "67AFSzZuNVE-00057-00021849-00022173": "Sanctions this time will focus on Russia's elite.", "67AFSzZuNVE-00058-00022173-00022568": "These are people who are rich and have a lot of assets abroad.", "67AFSzZuNVE-00059-00022568-00022848": "Specifically Western countries.", "67AFSzZuNVE-00060-00022848-00023301": "Their assets will be frozen, and their entry to the West banned.", "67AFSzZuNVE-00061-00023301-00023634": "Why is America focusing on these people?.", "67AFSzZuNVE-00062-00023634-00023998": "Simply put, they are the rich who have influence on the economy.", "67AFSzZuNVE-00063-00023998-00024098": "1.", "67AFSzZuNVE-00064-00024098-00024409": "Of course, their words also made Mr. Putin think.", "67AFSzZuNVE-00065-00024409-00025007": "In addition, the sanctions this time also prevent Russia from accessing capital in NATO,", "67AFSzZuNVE-00066-00025007-00025482": "and prohibit trade between Europe and the autonomous region of Donbass.", "67AFSzZuNVE-00067-00025482-00025952": "Unfortunately, Russia is not afraid of these sanctions.", "67AFSzZuNVE-00068-00025952-00026476": "And the day the sanctions came into effect, the President of Russia also declared war.", "67AFSzZuNVE-00069-00026476-00026576": "1.", "67AFSzZuNVE-00070-00026576-00027145": "Soon after, the President of Ukraine called for help from NATO and world friends.", "67AFSzZuNVE-00071-00027145-00027658": "At the same time, Zelensky also contacted Russia to negotiate a ceasefire.", "67AFSzZuNVE-00072-00027658-00028339": "Meanwhile, the US and NATO continue to meet to strengthen new sanctions on Russia.", "67AFSzZuNVE-00073-00028339-00028683": "This time, the sanctions were much heavier than before.", "67AFSzZuNVE-00074-00028683-00028783": "1.", "67AFSzZuNVE-00075-00028783-00029272": "Sanctions first target the mainstay of the economy, Russia's two major banks, SBerbank", "67AFSzZuNVE-00076-00029272-00029635": "and VTBbank, both state-owned.", "67AFSzZuNVE-00077-00029635-00029945": "Sberbank holds about a third of total Russian banking assets.", "67AFSzZuNVE-00078-00029945-00030342": "VTBbank holds about 16%.", "67AFSzZuNVE-00079-00030342-00030892": "According to the US Treasury Department, 80% of Russia's daily foreign exchange transactions", "67AFSzZuNVE-00080-00030892-00031108": "are worth $46 billion.", "67AFSzZuNVE-00081-00031108-00031208": "1.", "67AFSzZuNVE-00082-00031208-00031719": "By cutting off Russia's two largest banks from processing payments through the US financial", "67AFSzZuNVE-00083-00031719-00031854": "system.", "67AFSzZuNVE-00084-00031854-00032198": "Then Russia's international transactions will be blocked.", "67AFSzZuNVE-00085-00032198-00032803": "As such, all sectors of the Russian economy will be in trouble for payments.", "67AFSzZuNVE-00086-00032803-00033395": "NATO also blocked Russia's two largest private banks, and five other state-owned banks.", "67AFSzZuNVE-00087-00033395-00033495": "1.", "67AFSzZuNVE-00088-00033495-00034031": "The UK did the same, freezing assets and cutting Russian banks off from exchanges denominated", "67AFSzZuNVE-00089-00034031-00034194": "in sterling.", "67AFSzZuNVE-00090-00034194-00034703": "After cutting off Russia's international trade, the United States joined the ally to continue", "67AFSzZuNVE-00091-00034703-00034989": "sanctions related to imports and exports.", "67AFSzZuNVE-00092-00034989-00035089": "1.", "67AFSzZuNVE-00093-00035089-00035559": "A wide range of items will be banned from being sold to Russia, including aircraft,", "67AFSzZuNVE-00094-00035559-00036184": "oil refining technology, laser sensors, and telecommunications applications, and semiconductor", "67AFSzZuNVE-00095-00036184-00036284": "components.", "67AFSzZuNVE-00096-00036284-00036812": "And some of the world's biggest chipmakers in Taiwan have also pledged to comply with", "67AFSzZuNVE-00097-00036812-00036992": "US sanctions.", "67AFSzZuNVE-00098-00036992-00037514": "Thus, Russia's technology sector is likely to be in serious crisis, because of the lack", "67AFSzZuNVE-00099-00037514-00037997": "of electronic components, semiconductors and processing chips that have long had to be", "67AFSzZuNVE-00100-00037997-00038144": "imported from abroad.", "67AFSzZuNVE-00101-00038144-00038244": "1.", "67AFSzZuNVE-00102-00038244-00038780": "However, this embargo, the US does not touch the energy sector, because Russia is a large", "67AFSzZuNVE-00103-00038780-00039000": "energy source of Europe.", "67AFSzZuNVE-00104-00039000-00039688": "But maybe a few days later, Putin will again ban the sale of energy to Europe in retaliation.", "67AFSzZuNVE-00105-00039688-00040036": "This will cause Europe to have an energy crisis.", "67AFSzZuNVE-00106-00040036-00040408": "But also cost Russia a huge source of money.", "67AFSzZuNVE-00107-00040408-00040745": "Therefore, banning or not also has to think a lot.", "67AFSzZuNVE-00108-00040745-00040845": "1.", "67AFSzZuNVE-00109-00040845-00041313": "Thus, through this video we see the US and its allies embargo on Russia by hitting the", "67AFSzZuNVE-00110-00041313-00041995": "Russian elite, freezing their assets and banning transactions, cutting off Russian transactions.", "67AFSzZuNVE-00111-00041995-00042451": "Using dollars and pounds is the most severe form of punishment.", "67AFSzZuNVE-00112-00042451-00042984": "And ban the export of electronic components, semiconductors and weapons-related items to", "67AFSzZuNVE-00113-00042984-00043282": "Russia, and ban investment and lending to Russia.", "67AFSzZuNVE-00114-00043282-00043382": "1.", "67AFSzZuNVE-00115-00043382-00043678": "All of this will make the Russian people poorer.", "67AFSzZuNVE-00116-00043678-00044214": "The war caused the people in Ukraine to be engulfed in blood and fire.", "67AFSzZuNVE-00117-00044214-00044671": "And Europeans and the whole world have to bear the energy crisis.", "67AFSzZuNVE-00118-00044671-00045112": "In general, all the people suffer, and the leaders are unlucky.", "67AFSzZuNVE-00119-00045112-00045472": "Therefore, it is best not to go to war anymore.", "67AFSzZuNVE-00120-00045472-00045572": "1.", "67AFSzZuNVE-00121-00045572-00045706": "The video ends here.", "67AFSzZuNVE-00122-00045706-00046068": "Thank you all for watching and liking it.", "67AFSzZuNVE-00123-00046068-00046511": "If you find the video useful, please give us a like, and subscribe to the channel to", "67AFSzZuNVE-00124-00046511-00046683": "support us!", "67AFSzZuNVE-00125-00046683-00046830": "Goodbye and see you again."}}, {"audio_id": "6808EqZGbMY", "text": {"6808EqZGbMY-00000-00000537-00001216": "do walls separating balconies require and FRL so this is a question about", "6808EqZGbMY-00001-00001216-00001900": "specification C 1.1 fire resisting construction specifically do we have to", "6808EqZGbMY-00002-00001900-00002446": "provide fire resisting construction in spots like these so these are all", "6808EqZGbMY-00003-00002446-00002923": "individual units and between the two units we've got this sort of screen wall", "6808EqZGbMY-00004-00002923-00003222": "attached and now before you think oh yeah the answer is there because this", "6808EqZGbMY-00005-00003222-00003796": "building's built this this building's in Austria you might have the Building Code", "6808EqZGbMY-00006-00003796-00004216": "of Austria but this building isn't subject to the building code of", "6808EqZGbMY-00007-00004216-00004926": "Australia so if it was in Australia under the building code of Australia BCA", "6808EqZGbMY-00008-00004926-00005571": "do we have to provide an F RL to these little scream all arrangements there any", "6808EqZGbMY-00009-00005571-00006210": "any any protection of protection of openings so there's we've got a thought", "6808EqZGbMY-00010-00006210-00006568": "of that protection of openings so we've got the open it D we can call it our", "6808EqZGbMY-00011-00006568-00007156": "external wall there but when we got this little screen so it's a very funky", "6808EqZGbMY-00012-00007156-00007537": "zigzag arrangement but these are all balcony actually we'll get on playing", "6808EqZGbMY-00013-00007537-00007906": "I'll put the question to put it to it this way here's the top level this this", "6808EqZGbMY-00014-00007906-00008731": "building we've got a fire resisting wall between the two so lock units does that", "6808EqZGbMY-00015-00008731-00009142": "wall need to extend across the balcony like that question mark yes or no has", "6808EqZGbMY-00016-00009142-00009561": "anybody brave enough to say yes or no", "6808EqZGbMY-00017-00010481-00011178": "or so yeah so and again this is a comment the comment was if you didn't", "6808EqZGbMY-00018-00011178-00011646": "hear that the BCA doesn't specify the distance from where it becomes an", "6808EqZGbMY-00019-00011646-00011886": "external or not an external wall judgment", "6808EqZGbMY-00020-00011886-00012132": "we're always providing judgment particularly when you've got things like", "6808EqZGbMY-00021-00012132-00012781": "Winter Gardens where is the external wall this case we'll call the external", "6808EqZGbMY-00022-00012781-00013291": "wall for the purpose of today right here and this therefore the balcony and we've", "6808EqZGbMY-00023-00013291-00013641": "got these sort of screen arrangements do we have to fire rate that one", "6808EqZGbMY-00024-00013641-00014368": "no one's game no no and yes is in the room no yes is in the row we've got one", "6808EqZGbMY-00025-00014368-00015112": "yes and the rest of night let's go through the provision shall we so we're", "6808EqZGbMY-00026-00015112-00015628": "looking at tables three four and five of X C 1.1 table three four type a for for", "6808EqZGbMY-00027-00015628-00016212": "type B table Seifer sorry Table five for type C construction now there's a number", "6808EqZGbMY-00028-00016212-00016597": "of reasons for these tables instructional adequacy CP one but we're", "6808EqZGbMY-00029-00016597-00017428": "looking today about CP two controlling the spread of fire within a building and", "6808EqZGbMY-00030-00017428-00017826": "for the purpose of the exercise we're going to go to Table three and here's", "6808EqZGbMY-00031-00017826-00018172": "part Table three of spec C 1.1 and first thing to know that we're looking at", "6808EqZGbMY-00032-00018172-00018591": "walls between or bounding soul occupancy units", "6808EqZGbMY-00033-00018591-00019165": "what's a soul occupancy unit define term it could it is a room or other part of", "6808EqZGbMY-00034-00019165-00019648": "the building which is for occupation to the exclusion of others so this could be", "6808EqZGbMY-00035-00019648-00020113": "your apartment building like in our example here it could be the cafe down", "6808EqZGbMY-00036-00020113-00020506": "the road that's a soul occupancy unit because it's occupied to the exclusion", "6808EqZGbMY-00037-00020506-00021094": "of others my mechanic his his workshop is in a building which he shares with an", "6808EqZGbMY-00038-00021094-00021613": "air conditioner installer so his my mechanic his part is a sole occupancy", "6808EqZGbMY-00039-00021613-00022245": "unit it's a part which is to the exclusion of others so we come to our", "6808EqZGbMY-00040-00022245-00022816": "top floor here here is an apartment it's a dwelling to the exclusion of others", "6808EqZGbMY-00041-00022816-00023319": "that's a so Locke unit but that's not all that's not all - the so Locke unit", "6808EqZGbMY-00042-00023319-00023654": "is it because well I step out onto my balcony orange", "6808EqZGbMY-00043-00023654-00024245": "my Terrace it is to the exclusion of others is it not so everything here in", "6808EqZGbMY-00044-00024245-00024784": "blue is a soul lock unit it is a part of the building which is for the occupation", "6808EqZGbMY-00045-00024784-00025279": "to the exclusion of others and so it follows that we've got this part here", "6808EqZGbMY-00046-00025279-00025900": "between my Terrace and the neighbor's terrace which is going from one psylocke", "6808EqZGbMY-00047-00025900-00026582": "unit to the next and we've got this little screen wall in austria and under", "6808EqZGbMY-00048-00026582-00027218": "the BCA that's okay that construction is fine because you'll note that it applies", "6808EqZGbMY-00049-00027218-00027932": "to internal walls between our bounding soul occupancy units that's its that's", "6808EqZGbMY-00050-00027932-00028345": "on internal wall is it so as our friend pointed out where is the external wall", "6808EqZGbMY-00051-00028345-00028808": "of the building we've identified that our little part area the screen wall", "6808EqZGbMY-00052-00028808-00029247": "defining one wonder so lock unit from the next is not an internal wall", "6808EqZGbMY-00053-00029247-00029950": "therefore therefore it is not caught by Table three here now I have to point out", "6808EqZGbMY-00054-00029950-00030302": "but there's plenty of reasons why a part of a building would need to have a fire", "6808EqZGbMY-00055-00030302-00030674": "resistance level it could be support of another part you know the floor above", "6808EqZGbMY-00056-00030674-00031072": "might need an F RL and support in another part you need to support that", "6808EqZGbMY-00057-00031072-00031649": "below could be the location of the boundary would necessitate making an", "6808EqZGbMY-00058-00031649-00032116": "element in a building have an f RL what I'm saying is and I've noticed that", "6808EqZGbMY-00059-00032116-00032602": "everybody practically everybody agreed with this you can't point to this table", "6808EqZGbMY-00060-00032602-00033103": "and say that you need to do fire put fire resisting construction between one", "6808EqZGbMY-00061-00033103-00033457": "so LOC unit and the"}}, {"audio_id": "684krgEWRH4", "text": {"684krgEWRH4-00000-00000068-00001088": "Nature beauty videos"}}, {"audio_id": "68g6C5bvOfY", "text": {"68g6C5bvOfY-00000-00004072-00005822": "[Music] thank you [Music]", "68g6C5bvOfY-00001-00005822-00006668": "[Music]", "68g6C5bvOfY-00002-00006668-00007513": "[Music]", "68g6C5bvOfY-00003-00007513-00009229": "[Music] thank you", "68g6C5bvOfY-00004-00009229-00010606": "[Music]", "68g6C5bvOfY-00005-00010606-00011984": "[Music]", "68g6C5bvOfY-00006-00011984-00012314": "foreign [Music]", "68g6C5bvOfY-00007-00012314-00012684": "foreign [Music]", "68g6C5bvOfY-00008-00012684-00012869": "[Music]", "68g6C5bvOfY-00009-00012869-00013422": "[Music] [Applause] [Music]", "68g6C5bvOfY-00010-00013422-00013872": "[Applause] [Music] foreign", "68g6C5bvOfY-00011-00013872-00014200": "[Music]", "68g6C5bvOfY-00012-00014200-00014863": "foreign [Music] [Applause]", "68g6C5bvOfY-00013-00014863-00014963": "foreign", "68g6C5bvOfY-00014-00014963-00024459": "[Music] [Applause] [Music] [Applause]", "68g6C5bvOfY-00015-00024459-00026850": "[Music]", "68g6C5bvOfY-00016-00026850-00027457": "foreign [Music]", "68g6C5bvOfY-00017-00027457-00028585": "foreign [Music]"}}, {"audio_id": "68pQFOFkxEo", "text": {"68pQFOFkxEo-00000-00000014-00000837": "Sometimes we may have multiple maps that show the same space at different points in time", "68pQFOFkxEo-00001-00000837-00001303": "or different kinds of information, and we want to be able to lay them one on top of", "68pQFOFkxEo-00002-00001303-00001723": "the other but have only one show at a time.", "68pQFOFkxEo-00003-00001723-00002225": "The content in this video is also explained in a written tutorial that you can find here", "68pQFOFkxEo-00004-00002225-00002542": "or in the description below these videos.", "68pQFOFkxEo-00005-00002542-00003142": "If you'd like to follow the text in this video, make sure you've turned on closed captioning.", "68pQFOFkxEo-00006-00003142-00003622": "We can do this in Neatline several different ways.", "68pQFOFkxEo-00007-00003622-00004362": "One would be to add these maps to the Waypoints over here on the right and have our users", "68pQFOFkxEo-00008-00004362-00004744": "select them one at a time.", "68pQFOFkxEo-00009-00004744-00005703": "So if we change our Widget settings to Waypoints and change the fill opacity on this map to", "68pQFOFkxEo-00010-00005703-00006678": "0 when it's not selected and 1 when it is selected, and then save.", "68pQFOFkxEo-00011-00006678-00007364": "Let's make sure that our settings were saved.", "68pQFOFkxEo-00012-00007364-00008128": "Do the same for stroke opacity.", "68pQFOFkxEo-00013-00008128-00008861": "Then for our second map, we'll do the same.", "68pQFOFkxEo-00014-00008861-00009701": "Add Waypoints.", "68pQFOFkxEo-00015-00009701-00010785": "And set our opacity to 0 when the map is not selected.", "68pQFOFkxEo-00016-00010785-00011804": "Now I should be able to move from not seeing the map to seeing one map to seeing a different", "68pQFOFkxEo-00017-00011804-00011904": "map.", "68pQFOFkxEo-00018-00011904-00012114": "And I toggle between these.", "68pQFOFkxEo-00019-00012114-00012817": "And the geometry doesn't change; notice it's staying in place in this case.", "68pQFOFkxEo-00020-00012817-00013509": "But what if I want this change to happen without the user being able to control it--say showing", "68pQFOFkxEo-00021-00013509-00013713": "change over time.", "68pQFOFkxEo-00022-00013713-00014449": "I can actually link the visibility of each map to the timeline, and this is true as well", "68pQFOFkxEo-00023-00014449-00015218": "for geometries, so keep this in mind for your points and polygons as well.", "68pQFOFkxEo-00024-00015218-00015859": "Now the map that we currently are editing is the Sanborn 1913 Map of Durham.", "68pQFOFkxEo-00025-00015859-00016743": "I could come to this Dates area, and I can add a start date for that map and an end date.", "68pQFOFkxEo-00026-00016743-00017548": "These two text boxes will add information to the timeline about this particular map.", "68pQFOFkxEo-00027-00017548-00018159": "But there are 2 other boxes in the date area that do not add visible information to the", "68pQFOFkxEo-00028-00018159-00019115": "timeline but control instead the visibility of specific layers or geometries on the map.", "68pQFOFkxEo-00029-00019115-00019349": "These are the before and after date.", "68pQFOFkxEo-00030-00019349-00020621": "So if I want my map to appear before 1914, for example, I would simply add 1914 into", "68pQFOFkxEo-00031-00020621-00020891": "my \"Before Date\" box.", "68pQFOFkxEo-00032-00020891-00021826": "If I only wanted it to appear, say, after 1912, I would add the \"After Date\" 1912.", "68pQFOFkxEo-00033-00021826-00022479": "This would ensure that my map would only appear during the year 1913.", "68pQFOFkxEo-00034-00022479-00022848": "Now I actually want to make this a little bit broader, so I'm going to specify that", "68pQFOFkxEo-00035-00022848-00023488": "this map be shown before 1931 but after 1912.", "68pQFOFkxEo-00036-00023488-00024045": "This way my 2 maps will line up seamlessly in the timeline.", "68pQFOFkxEo-00037-00024045-00025243": "I'll save that, and now I am in my timeline before 1913 on the map.", "68pQFOFkxEo-00038-00025243-00025973": "If I scroll along my timeline the map appears when I hit 1912.", "68pQFOFkxEo-00039-00025973-00027656": "I'm going to specify after 1913 so that it will appear in the year that it was created.", "68pQFOFkxEo-00040-00027656-00029039": "Then I want to make this second map appear in 1931, so I will go to style, and in the", "68pQFOFkxEo-00041-00029039-00030199": "after date I will just enter after 1930 and save.", "68pQFOFkxEo-00042-00030199-00031277": "And then one final thing, I'm actually going to change my interval units to decade so that", "68pQFOFkxEo-00043-00031277-00031675": "I can scroll more quickly to be able to view this.", "68pQFOFkxEo-00044-00031675-00033503": "So right now by default I'm in 1892 if I scroll forward...so right now my map is showing up", "68pQFOFkxEo-00045-00033503-00033944": "in the Waypoints but not in my map itself.", "68pQFOFkxEo-00046-00033944-00034044": "Why?", "68pQFOFkxEo-00047-00034044-00034822": "Because I have actually forgotten to make sure that the opacity is set to 1 at all times", "68pQFOFkxEo-00048-00034822-00035237": "when the map is visible on the timeline.", "68pQFOFkxEo-00049-00035237-00036709": "So let's make sure I've done this for both maps.", "68pQFOFkxEo-00050-00036709-00037068": "Now let's see if this works.", "68pQFOFkxEo-00051-00037068-00037297": "I scroll forward.", "68pQFOFkxEo-00052-00037297-00037890": "I've hit 1913, the first map appears, and because it still has the Waypoints widget", "68pQFOFkxEo-00053-00037890-00038104": "attached it also appears in Waypoints.", "68pQFOFkxEo-00054-00038104-00038530": "But I could turn that off and the map would still appear.", "68pQFOFkxEo-00055-00038530-00039105": "Now if I scroll forward again to 1930 I have a brief period of time when these are overlapping", "68pQFOFkxEo-00056-00039105-00040037": "and maybe I want that, and then my map disappears, and I see the later map underneath.", "68pQFOFkxEo-00057-00040037-00040400": "Now if I didn't want this overlap to happen, what would I need to do?", "68pQFOFkxEo-00058-00040400-00040846": "I would need to make sure that the before and after dates do not overlap.", "68pQFOFkxEo-00059-00040846-00041659": "So if I return to the Sanborn 1913 map and look at the Before Date, I have \"Before\" set", "68pQFOFkxEo-00060-00041659-00041869": "to 1931.", "68pQFOFkxEo-00061-00041869-00042365": "Now I have 1930 set for the map underneath.", "68pQFOFkxEo-00062-00042365-00042877": "If I didn't want them to overlap and 1930 was the change date I would want to make sure", "68pQFOFkxEo-00063-00042877-00043735": "that Before for the Sanborn 1913 map is set to 1930, the same year as the After date for", "68pQFOFkxEo-00064-00043735-00044086": "the HOLC map below.", "68pQFOFkxEo-00065-00044086-00044508": "Now I should have a smooth transition between those two maps."}}, {"audio_id": "68COGrFk3Xg", "text": {"68COGrFk3Xg-00000-00003288-00003800": "What's up Kai Sotto fans? This is the real Kai Sotto fan channel,", "68COGrFk3Xg-00001-00003800-00004448": "KSF. This is about all positive opinions rumors news about Kai Sotto.", "68COGrFk3Xg-00002-00004520-00005216": "Let's get into it! This video is about Kai's decision on being undrafted and why it is the", "68COGrFk3Xg-00003-00005216-00005920": "best option so far as far as being drafted or undrafted in the 2022 NBA draft is concerned.", "68COGrFk3Xg-00004-00006080-00006856": "Now for me it is the best decision that was made by a prospect so far this 2022 NBA draft.", "68COGrFk3Xg-00005-00006984-00007840": "Now why is it the best decision ever? The year was 1999 and the date was 30th of June, San", "68COGrFk3Xg-00006-00007840-00008672": "Antonio's Spurs selected Manu Ginobili with the 57th selection in the 1999 NBA draft the", "68COGrFk3Xg-00007-00008672-00009424": "San Antonio Spurs select Emmanuel Ginobili from Argentina he plays for Reggio Calabria", "68COGrFk3Xg-00008-00009424-00010128": "in Italy's 66 of two guard he is a native of Argentina this kid understands coming off of", "68COGrFk3Xg-00009-00010128-00010568": "a screen he understands moving out the ball to get his shot and he's very sound defensively", "68COGrFk3Xg-00010-00010568-00010936": "I'll tell you i i think that that's a good pick at that point in the draft", "68COGrFk3Xg-00011-00011048-00011696": "But for everyone's information Manu didn't actually sign with San Antonio until 2002", "68COGrFk3Xg-00012-00011760-00012464": "people actually don't realize the risk of injury is always there but the advantage of an NBA team", "68COGrFk3Xg-00013-00012464-00013040": "having the draft and stash deal is they can always wave off the player anytime they want", "68COGrFk3Xg-00014-00013280-00013728": "this is the case of San Antonio's Livio Jean-Charles in 2013", "68COGrFk3Xg-00015-00013784-00014391": "whom showed very promising but unfortunately he tore his ACL a month later", "68COGrFk3Xg-00016-00015232-00015719": "it caused a crucial season of development that eventually derailed his career", "68COGrFk3Xg-00017-00015808-00016472": "he never ever played a regular season game for the Spurs pretty sad ending", "68COGrFk3Xg-00018-00016472-00017176": "but obviously Manu Ginobili 6'6 shooting guard of San Antonio definitely is a steal.", "68COGrFk3Xg-00019-00017240-00018384": "However, it is clear no doubt that 6'6 shooting guards are simply just all over", "68COGrFk3Xg-00020-00020640-00021488": "such as three-time NBA all-star with one nba championship 6'7 shooting guard Richard Hamilton", "68COGrFk3Xg-00021-00022392-00023984": "NBA rookie of the year, NBA slam dunk contest champion, eight time NBA all-star Vince Carter.", "68COGrFk3Xg-00022-00024240-00024968": "Seven-time nba all-star Tracy Mcgrady are just one of the few that Manu Ginobili will be defending", "68COGrFk3Xg-00023-00025056-00025792": "so pretty much shooting guards within his height are just very many and definitely very competitive", "68COGrFk3Xg-00024-00025912-00026520": "so definitely there are lots and lots of competitions so i can say that he got lucky", "68COGrFk3Xg-00025-00026520-00027104": "to have the draft stash deal but again San Antonio made an epic steal as he was", "68COGrFk3Xg-00026-00027104-00027856": "eventually became the NBA 6-man of the year two-time NBA all-star four-time, NBA champion", "68COGrFk3Xg-00027-00028056-00028639": "in the case of Kai Sotto him being undrafted to all mock draft major sports sites, that is,", "68COGrFk3Xg-00028-00028720-00029304": "are very much different people think that Kai's Sotto should be drafted or at least in the second", "68COGrFk3Xg-00029-00029304-00030008": "round for him to play in the NBA as what Kai's agent Joel Bell have said if he will be drafted as", "68COGrFk3Xg-00030-00030008-00031024": "a lottery pick probably but in his case Kai should be viewed as highly valued commodity to most of", "68COGrFk3Xg-00031-00031024-00031960": "the people even nba basketball enthusiasts are saying that kai is a very skilled player and 7'3", "68COGrFk3Xg-00032-00032016-00032872": "doesn't come all the time for some people that don't know who kai soto is he is the most", "68COGrFk3Xg-00033-00032872-00033624": "intriguing prospect because of his height 7'3 and he just turned 20 years old and his highlights are", "68COGrFk3Xg-00034-00033624-00034288": "all over the internet his highlights in private workouts are getting even more intriguing than of", "68COGrFk3Xg-00035-00034288-00035048": "any other prospects although there are criticisms but what is clear is his skills for his height", "68COGrFk3Xg-00036-00035160-00035872": "as much as we love Kai the reality is Kai appears to be undrafted in all major sports sites", "68COGrFk3Xg-00037-00035984-00036656": "we know for sure what's the reason why but the thing is it did really hurt Kai for being drafted", "68COGrFk3Xg-00038-00036656-00037448": "in the 2022 NBA draft for sure no doubt. Fans and even moderate basketball enthusiasts are", "68COGrFk3Xg-00039-00037448-00038088": "surprised or disappointed so there are lots of mixed emotions all throughout even up until now", "68COGrFk3Xg-00040-00038088-00038728": "about Kai being undrafted on mock drafts and definitely him not being drafted by NBA teams", "68COGrFk3Xg-00041-00038928-00039648": "from what i can see kai's agent is protecting his value as a rare 7'3 basketball player that has", "68COGrFk3Xg-00042-00039648-00040320": "the mobility lob threat good passer block specialist three-point threat", "68COGrFk3Xg-00043-00040392-00040992": "and has high basketball IQ so pretty much to make him remain intriguing as ever", "68COGrFk3Xg-00044-00041216-00041880": "i believe going down to sign the draft and stash deal will only hurt Kai's basketball career as", "68COGrFk3Xg-00045-00041880-00042560": "he won't be having the freedom to choose if in case it didn't go well with the summer league", "68COGrFk3Xg-00046-00042560-00043168": "at least he can choose to play in the Euro league if he will get a better offer or just continue", "68COGrFk3Xg-00047-00043168-00043968": "playing in the NBL for the remaining season in adelaide 36ers to hone his skills like i said", "68COGrFk3Xg-00048-00043968-00044544": "it is not always the case of Manu Ginobili whom chose to sign the draft and stash deal because", "68COGrFk3Xg-00049-00044608-00045240": "manu like i said has lots of competition for his position in basketball so it's more an", "68COGrFk3Xg-00050-00045240-00045760": "opportunity for him that he needs to grab like with Hugo Besson of the New Zealand Breakers", "68COGrFk3Xg-00051-00045816-00046504": "wherein that could be their last shot of having an offer compared to Kai Sotto since his height and", "68COGrFk3Xg-00052-00046504-00047392": "skills are pretty rare he will be always in the radar anyway one way or another be this here or", "68COGrFk3Xg-00053-00047392-00048368": "next year i mean guys like Hugo Besson and the 1999 Manu Ginobili is now or never type of situation", "68COGrFk3Xg-00054-00048456-00049056": "not with Kai so long that Kai remains intriguing by means of his performance", "68COGrFk3Xg-00055-00049112-00050048": "playing basketball in summer league mbl Euro league Fiba and so on he should remain", "68COGrFk3Xg-00056-00050048-00050584": "intriguing by making sure he remains healthy and playing basketball in the highest level", "68COGrFk3Xg-00057-00050640-00051984": "as much as possible he still has a bright future no doubt and the NBA dream is still alive as ever", "68COGrFk3Xg-00058-00052216-00053008": "with the 58th pick in the 2022 NBA draft the indiana Pacers select Hugo Besson", "68COGrFk3Xg-00059-00053008-00053952": "from bondo France Hugo Besson in the French lnb pro b league and you can see", "68COGrFk3Xg-00060-00054055-00054567": "a couple opportunities your team said listen we'll draft you but we don't want you to come right now", "68COGrFk3Xg-00061-00054567-00055120": "we want to hold your rights we want to statue on a team outside the united states and that's", "68COGrFk3Xg-00062-00055120-00055632": "generally a pretty bad idea and what the audience and the basketball publicans understand is", "68COGrFk3Xg-00063-00055712-00056344": "i'll give you two examples here let's look at the player who was drafted um last in the draft uh", "68COGrFk3Xg-00064-00056400-00057072": "you know Besson who played also in australia that team now owns his right scrapper he can't talk to", "68COGrFk3Xg-00065-00057072-00057584": "other teams if he wants to play in the nba he's got to talk only to that team that team has all", "68COGrFk3Xg-00066-00057584-00058088": "the leverage if they don't have a spot for them for you and there's nothing he can do about it", "68COGrFk3Xg-00067-00058088-00058760": "he's stuck with that team by not being drafted in a year when kai is going to be stronger and", "68COGrFk3Xg-00068-00058760-00059312": "obviously more walkable every teams and he got a lot of people intrigued this year we can talk", "68COGrFk3Xg-00069-00059312-00059976": "to all 30 teams he's an unrestricted free agent it's much better to be able to talk to 30 teams", "68COGrFk3Xg-00070-00059976-00060440": "than to be locked into one team i think anybody can see that you know there's a general feeling", "68COGrFk3Xg-00071-00060440-00060904": "on draft night oh you gotta have your name called well that's true if you're gonna be in the top", "68COGrFk3Xg-00072-00060904-00061591": "ten for sure okay but to be locked into a team and have them have your rights and they don't want you", "68COGrFk3Xg-00073-00061591-00062184": "now and they may not ever want you is generally a pretty horrible idea and Kai and his team made a", "68COGrFk3Xg-00074-00062240-00062760": "very sophisticated intelligent decision and uh said no we don't want to do the", "68COGrFk3Xg-00075-00062760-00063184": "draft and stash and you know teams will ask you before they do that they need you to cooperate", "68COGrFk3Xg-00076-00063248-00063600": "uh and that's what we told them so we had a couple opportunities for that", "68COGrFk3Xg-00077-00063672-00064064": "we had a couple opportunities that i knew of during the season in australia where some said", "68COGrFk3Xg-00078-00064064-00064560": "you know hey we'll draft them uh you know if you guys will do that i told them went back", "68COGrFk3Xg-00079-00064560-00065144": "to them february or march but that's kind of how it went but kai had a good draft process", "68COGrFk3Xg-00080-00065200-00065680": "he showed a lot of things to teams and uh he's going to be heavily on the radar uh for these", "68COGrFk3Xg-00081-00065680-00066456": "teams in this coming year If you like our video click the like button. Questions and comments are highly", "68COGrFk3Xg-00082-00066456-00067384": "encouraged. Please do subscribe and click the notification bell for more updates. Peace out!"}}, {"audio_id": "68W0lC7KMmM", "text": {"68W0lC7KMmM-00000-00000000-00002790": "Bitter Gourd has a blood glucose-lowering effect", "68W0lC7KMmM-00001-00002790-00003534": "Bitter Gourd 3", "68W0lC7KMmM-00002-00003534-00004076": "Toor Dal 1/2 Cup (Cooked by adding a Pinch of Turmeric)", "68W0lC7KMmM-00003-00004076-00004728": "Tamarind Big Gooseberry sized soaked in water", "68W0lC7KMmM-00004-00004728-00006716": "Mustard 1/2 Tsp, Curry Leaves, Coriander Leaves, Salt to taste, Chilli Powder 1/2 Tsp, Turmeric Powder and Hing", "68W0lC7KMmM-00005-00006716-00009224": "For Grinding : Red Chillies 4, Coriander Seeds 1 Tbsp, Channa Dal 2 Tbsp, Urad Dal 1 Tbsp, Coconut grated 2 Tbsp, Curry leaves 1 Sprig", "68W0lC7KMmM-00006-00009224-00010540": "Oil and water", "68W0lC7KMmM-00007-00010540-00015797": "Heat Oil in a Kadai, Add Red Chillies, Coriander Seeds, Channa Dal, Urad Dal and roast it until Channa Dal becomes light brown", "68W0lC7KMmM-00008-00015797-00017532": "Now add Coconut and Curry leaves and roast for a minute.  Let it cool before Grinding", "68W0lC7KMmM-00009-00017532-00019308": "Wash Bitter Gourd, remove seeds and cut into small cubes (Don't Waste the Seeds - make soup and drink)", "68W0lC7KMmM-00010-00019308-00020536": "Extract Tamarind Juice, mash Toor Dal and keep aside", "68W0lC7KMmM-00011-00020536-00025862": "Heat Oil in a Pan, Add Mustard, Curry Leaves, Hing and saute", "68W0lC7KMmM-00012-00025862-00027522": "Add Bitter Gourd Cubes and saute for a minute", "68W0lC7KMmM-00013-00027522-00030283": "Now add Tamarind Extract, Turmeric Powder and cook it till it becomes tender", "68W0lC7KMmM-00014-00030283-00034864": "Add Salt, Ground Masala, water and mix well", "68W0lC7KMmM-00015-00034864-00037798": "Add mashed Toor Dal and mix well", "68W0lC7KMmM-00016-00037798-00039226": "Add Chilli powder", "68W0lC7KMmM-00017-00039226-00039638": "Check Salt", "68W0lC7KMmM-00018-00039638-00040634": "Bitter Gourd Pitlai is ready.  Serve with Rice .", "68W0lC7KMmM-00019-00040634-00041578": "Try and Enjoy.  Subscribe for more Recipes", "68W0lC7KMmM-00020-00041578-00042732": "Thanks for Watching."}}, {"audio_id": "692rpjlW-wy", "text": {"692rpjlW-wy-00000-00000050-00000197": "- Hello, my name's Eddie McGriff", "692rpjlW-wy-00001-00000197-00000559": "and I'm a regional extension agent with Alabama extension.", "692rpjlW-wy-00002-00000559-00000838": "And today as my guests I have Dr. Ron Smith", "692rpjlW-wy-00003-00000838-00001327": "on my near left and Dr. Scott Graham on my far left.", "692rpjlW-wy-00004-00001327-00001679": "They're both cotton entomologist with Auburn.", "692rpjlW-wy-00005-00001679-00002095": "And what we're not able to do is have face to face contact.", "692rpjlW-wy-00006-00002095-00002304": "So we weren't able to do face to face", "692rpjlW-wy-00007-00002304-00002446": "with the scout school.", "692rpjlW-wy-00008-00002446-00002808": "What we plan to do is as we came along with a pass,", "692rpjlW-wy-00009-00002808-00003145": "we're gonna do these YouTube videos.", "692rpjlW-wy-00010-00003145-00003493": "So I'm gonna turn it over to Ron and Scott in a minute,", "692rpjlW-wy-00011-00003493-00003827": "and just look forward to", "692rpjlW-wy-00012-00003827-00004097": "them going through the plant bugs today.", "692rpjlW-wy-00013-00004218-00004470": "- All right, let's talk about the plant bug.", "692rpjlW-wy-00014-00004470-00004612": "We're here about the middle of June", "692rpjlW-wy-00015-00004612-00004812": "in Cherokee County, Alabama with Eddie", "692rpjlW-wy-00016-00004812-00005178": "and doing some YouTube work filming.", "692rpjlW-wy-00017-00005178-00005613": "But let's talk about kind of the story plant bugs", "692rpjlW-wy-00018-00005613-00005747": "are gonna be the tarnished plant bugs", "692rpjlW-wy-00019-00005747-00005865": "is gonna be the next pest", "692rpjlW-wy-00020-00005865-00006182": "that we probably need to focus on in cotton this year.", "692rpjlW-wy-00021-00006182-00006437": "So let me kind of tell you how they get started.", "692rpjlW-wy-00022-00006437-00006762": "The primary wild host around Alabama", "692rpjlW-wy-00023-00006762-00006952": "is just a plant Daisy Fleabane.", "692rpjlW-wy-00024-00006952-00007168": "So they've been on Daisy Fleabane now", "692rpjlW-wy-00025-00007168-00007305": "for one or two generations,", "692rpjlW-wy-00026-00007305-00007561": "but it will be drying down here real soon,", "692rpjlW-wy-00027-00007561-00007837": "or it already has in some areas of the state.", "692rpjlW-wy-00028-00007837-00008038": "And when they do the adult plant bugs,", "692rpjlW-wy-00029-00008038-00008336": "that's on the fleabane will look for another host", "692rpjlW-wy-00030-00008336-00008535": "and cotton is about the only good host", "692rpjlW-wy-00031-00008535-00008689": "that they have at that time.", "692rpjlW-wy-00032-00008689-00008937": "So when they arrive in cotton in June,", "692rpjlW-wy-00033-00008937-00009027": "they do two things.", "692rpjlW-wy-00034-00009027-00009181": "They feed on pinhead squares,", "692rpjlW-wy-00035-00009181-00009488": "if a cotton has pinhead square stage, if not,", "692rpjlW-wy-00036-00009488-00009740": "they'll actually feed into terminals of young cotton.", "692rpjlW-wy-00037-00009740-00009863": "This year I'm a little bit concerned", "692rpjlW-wy-00038-00009863-00010082": "that we're gonna have some cotton late planted", "692rpjlW-wy-00039-00010082-00010449": "that may still be in the pre pioneer square state.", "692rpjlW-wy-00040-00010449-00010802": "So they may feed in terms, which causes crazy cut.", "692rpjlW-wy-00041-00010802-00010910": "But also what they do", "692rpjlW-wy-00042-00010910-00011068": "and what we don't pay enough attention to", "692rpjlW-wy-00043-00011068-00011237": "is they're depositing eggs", "692rpjlW-wy-00044-00011237-00011447": "in the stem of the plant during June,", "692rpjlW-wy-00045-00011447-00011551": "when they move into the field", "692rpjlW-wy-00046-00011551-00011817": "and those eggs take about 10 days to hatch", "692rpjlW-wy-00047-00011817-00012030": "into a little small nymph", "692rpjlW-wy-00048-00012030-00012413": "and then it takes a nymph about another 10 to 15 days", "692rpjlW-wy-00049-00012413-00012506": "to be an adult.", "692rpjlW-wy-00050-00012506-00012777": "So right now we use sweet nets", "692rpjlW-wy-00051-00012777-00013058": "and we focus on the adults that threshold.", "692rpjlW-wy-00052-00013058-00013293": "We'll let Scott talk about all that in a few minutes,", "692rpjlW-wy-00053-00013293-00013619": "but as we approach blooming stage of cotton,", "692rpjlW-wy-00054-00013619-00013856": "then we've had time for those eggs to hatch", "692rpjlW-wy-00055-00013856-00014010": "and move into immature.", "692rpjlW-wy-00056-00014010-00014332": "So we change our focus after we get the first bloom", "692rpjlW-wy-00057-00014332-00014574": "and we've got different thresholds,", "692rpjlW-wy-00058-00014574-00014785": "different scouting techniques and so forth.", "692rpjlW-wy-00059-00014785-00015103": "So in early July or post bloom", "692rpjlW-wy-00060-00015103-00015341": "then we'll be focused on immature stage", "692rpjlW-wy-00061-00015341-00015488": "of the plant of the insect.", "692rpjlW-wy-00062-00015835-00015980": "- [Eddie] What about control?", "692rpjlW-wy-00063-00016146-00016399": "- Well, we've got several things that,", "692rpjlW-wy-00064-00016399-00016694": "and most of them work, some of them have a plus or a minus,", "692rpjlW-wy-00065-00017032-00017338": "and right now we're targeting adults.", "692rpjlW-wy-00066-00017338-00017508": "So we've got two or three choices.", "692rpjlW-wy-00067-00017592-00017919": "It's in our recommendation, acephates in there,", "692rpjlW-wy-00068-00017919-00018108": "but we've had so many spider mite calls", "692rpjlW-wy-00069-00018108-00018307": "we really don't wanna use acephate.", "692rpjlW-wy-00070-00018307-00018764": "We've got Bifenthrin, Centric, Transform.", "692rpjlW-wy-00071-00018764-00019046": "Now two of those will actually take out aphids.", "692rpjlW-wy-00072-00019046-00019201": "We may be also seeing aphids", "692rpjlW-wy-00073-00019201-00019495": "come into the wind of the next couple of weeks.", "692rpjlW-wy-00074-00019495-00019687": "And so that's our choices", "692rpjlW-wy-00075-00019687-00019827": "Once we get post bloom,", "692rpjlW-wy-00076-00019827-00020179": "Bidrin comes back in as an additional choice.", "692rpjlW-wy-00077-00020179-00020492": "And then we have the Pyrethroid that will work", "692rpjlW-wy-00078-00020492-00020627": "to some degree on that,", "692rpjlW-wy-00079-00020627-00020795": "but Oh, and I forgot,", "692rpjlW-wy-00080-00020795-00021161": "the Imidacloprid is probably gonnna be the dominant thing", "692rpjlW-wy-00081-00021161-00021430": "that growers use here pre bloom", "692rpjlW-wy-00082-00021430-00021656": "and it will also be used some post bloom,", "692rpjlW-wy-00083-00021656-00021823": "it will kill adults,", "692rpjlW-wy-00084-00022023-00022230": "immature not 100%", "692rpjlW-wy-00085-00022230-00022572": "maybe it never has been 60 to 80% depending", "692rpjlW-wy-00086-00022572-00022899": "on the rate to use, but it also controlled aphids.", "692rpjlW-wy-00087-00023262-00023602": "- One thing I'll talk about is sampling for plant bugs.", "692rpjlW-wy-00088-00023602-00023865": "And when we sampled the methods", "692rpjlW-wy-00089-00023865-00024036": "and the techniques that we use change", "692rpjlW-wy-00090-00024036-00024290": "as the cotton progresses throughout the season.", "692rpjlW-wy-00091-00024290-00024573": "So while we're in the squaring season from pinhead square,", "692rpjlW-wy-00092-00024573-00024773": "really to about first bloom,", "692rpjlW-wy-00093-00024773-00024940": "we're primarily doing two things.", "692rpjlW-wy-00094-00024940-00025153": "We're looking at a square retention", "692rpjlW-wy-00095-00025153-00025440": "on the upper two or three nodes of the plant.", "692rpjlW-wy-00096-00025440-00025747": "And we're also sampling with the sweet net.", "692rpjlW-wy-00097-00025747-00026025": "Now the square attention is important because that tells us", "692rpjlW-wy-00098-00026025-00026365": "how much damage are these torrents plant bugs doing now.", "692rpjlW-wy-00099-00026365-00026488": "And when we come back,", "692rpjlW-wy-00100-00026488-00026677": "if we do make an application", "692rpjlW-wy-00101-00026677-00026993": "that tells us what level of protection did we get", "692rpjlW-wy-00102-00026993-00027076": "from that spray?", "692rpjlW-wy-00103-00027076-00027255": "Because as Dr. Smith mentioned,", "692rpjlW-wy-00104-00027255-00027550": "these plant bugs can move into the field at different times.", "692rpjlW-wy-00105-00027550-00027842": "So sometimes determining your efficacy", "692rpjlW-wy-00106-00027842-00028088": "from your sex side application can be difficult", "692rpjlW-wy-00107-00028088-00028450": "if we're only looking at adult plant bugs in the field.", "692rpjlW-wy-00108-00028450-00028772": "Our threshold is gonna be eight ball, eight adults", "692rpjlW-wy-00109-00028772-00029235": "for 25 sweeps while we're in the squaring season.", "692rpjlW-wy-00110-00029235-00029577": "When we move later into the year we get to bloom,", "692rpjlW-wy-00111-00029577-00029685": "as Dr. Smith said,", "692rpjlW-wy-00112-00029685-00029983": "then we're starting to look for immature plant bugs,", "692rpjlW-wy-00113-00029983-00030448": "which are small green bugs that will move rather rapidly", "692rpjlW-wy-00114-00030448-00030545": "on the drop cloth", "692rpjlW-wy-00115-00030545-00030877": "or at this point we're sampling with a black drop cloth", "692rpjlW-wy-00116-00030877-00031167": "between two rows and we vigorously shake", "692rpjlW-wy-00117-00031167-00031373": "each side of the rope and count", "692rpjlW-wy-00118-00031373-00031681": "the number of plant bugs on the, on the sheet.", "692rpjlW-wy-00119-00031681-00032025": "And at that point we're looking at three bugs per one drop", "692rpjlW-wy-00120-00032025-00032168": "as our threshold.", "692rpjlW-wy-00121-00032168-00032338": "And it's very important", "692rpjlW-wy-00122-00032338-00032609": "to stay ahead of these immature plant bugs", "692rpjlW-wy-00123-00032609-00032922": "as dr. Smith said, the use of something like", "692rpjlW-wy-00124-00032922-00033267": "Novaluron, diamond, an insect growth regulator.", "692rpjlW-wy-00125-00033267-00033767": "If we can time that with the influx of the adult plant bugs", "692rpjlW-wy-00126-00033797-00034022": "just prior to bloom or right at bloom,", "692rpjlW-wy-00127-00034022-00034340": "then we can get good residual and try to keep the population", "692rpjlW-wy-00128-00034340-00034626": "beat down until we get later in the season", "692rpjlW-wy-00129-00034626-00034996": "and we start shifting our focus on the other pests.", "692rpjlW-wy-00130-00034996-00035235": "- Scott and I will be putting out a lot of tweets", "692rpjlW-wy-00131-00035235-00035735": "and other information as we move into this plant bug window.", "692rpjlW-wy-00132-00035784-00036090": "And I will add one little thing to that.", "692rpjlW-wy-00133-00036090-00036343": "It appears to me that in dry summers", "692rpjlW-wy-00134-00036343-00036583": "when the fleabane dries down very rapidly,", "692rpjlW-wy-00135-00036583-00036891": "we get a big movement in a short period of time.", "692rpjlW-wy-00136-00036891-00037051": "That's really kind of easy in a way,", "692rpjlW-wy-00137-00037051-00037310": "cause it's easy to tell when you need display", "692rpjlW-wy-00138-00037310-00037488": "if you've got a lot of them in the field", "692rpjlW-wy-00139-00037488-00037687": "over a short period of time.", "692rpjlW-wy-00140-00037687-00038039": "But in wet Springs, wet June's,", "692rpjlW-wy-00141-00038039-00038163": "the fleabanes will stay fresh", "692rpjlW-wy-00142-00038163-00038379": "a little longer say gradually drift over", "692rpjlW-wy-00143-00038379-00038546": "from fleabane into cotton.", "692rpjlW-wy-00144-00038546-00038847": "That's a lot harder to determine the threshold", "692rpjlW-wy-00145-00038847-00038988": "when you got a gradual movement,", "692rpjlW-wy-00146-00038988-00039158": "rather than a short term movement."}}, {"audio_id": "69FKCqh3njc", "text": {"69FKCqh3njc-00000-00000071-00000463": "Aliyah is a manager that has been tasked with hiring someone new for the", "69FKCqh3njc-00001-00000463-00000800": "afternoon shift. After going through a few applications", "69FKCqh3njc-00002-00000800-00001096": "she has narrowed it down to two applicants.", "69FKCqh3njc-00003-00001096-00001559": "She prepares her interview questions and asks both applicants to come in.", "69FKCqh3njc-00004-00001559-00001919": "The first applicant, Sarai, has a great resume.", "69FKCqh3njc-00005-00001919-00002208": "She's hard working and several of her teachers have written letters", "69FKCqh3njc-00006-00002208-00002519": "recommending her. Aliyah goes through her list of", "69FKCqh3njc-00007-00002519-00002840": "questions and lets her know she will call her soon.", "69FKCqh3njc-00008-00002840-00003167": "The second applicant, Sebastian, enters the room", "69FKCqh3njc-00009-00003167-00003479": "Aliyah engages in small talk while she's getting things ready", "69FKCqh3njc-00010-00003479-00003911": "and Sebastian mentions her favorite band. She can't believe it!", "69FKCqh3njc-00011-00003911-00004312": "After several minutes of discussing favorite songs and concert locations,", "69FKCqh3njc-00012-00004312-00004687": "she begins the interview. She only asks him a few questions", "69FKCqh3njc-00013-00004687-00005128": "because she just has a \"gut feeling\" that he is the one for the job", "69FKCqh3njc-00014-00005128-00005519": "At the end of the interview, she hires him on the spot", "69FKCqh3njc-00015-00005519-00005944": "While Aliyah's intentions may be good, she has unknowingly made a decision", "69FKCqh3njc-00016-00005944-00007136": "based on unconscious bias"}}, {"audio_id": "69NcdcrAqb8", "text": {"69NcdcrAqb8-00000-00000304-00000856": "a debate is about exploring a question where arguments will convince the audience to take", "69NcdcrAqb8-00001-00000856-00001440": "a side's point of view in the debate style that you will be using there are three roles", "69NcdcrAqb8-00002-00001440-00001928": "the affirmative for the question the negative argument against the question", "69NcdcrAqb8-00003-00001928-00002544": "and the judiciary which is about deciding on the most compelling point of view the affirmative is", "69NcdcrAqb8-00004-00002544-00003120": "made up of four people three people presenting arguments and the last person providing a summary", "69NcdcrAqb8-00005-00003256-00003920": "the negative role is also made up of four people the remaining students form the judiciary their", "69NcdcrAqb8-00006-00003920-00004600": "role is to mark each side's point of view according to a provided criteria they evaluate", "69NcdcrAqb8-00007-00004600-00005152": "all points raised during the debate and decide which side presented the most effective argument", "69NcdcrAqb8-00008-00005312-00005920": "in subsequent classes the students roles rotate so that everyone has a turn at presenting an argument", "69NcdcrAqb8-00009-00006080-00006728": "there are three types of speeches you can give during a debate the argument is about the facts", "69NcdcrAqb8-00010-00006728-00007376": "supporting a particular point the rebuttal is to oppose the points made by the other side", "69NcdcrAqb8-00011-00007480-00007904": "a rebuttal can include a question with a response from the previous speaker", "69NcdcrAqb8-00012-00008008-00008584": "a summing up outlines and reinforces the key arguments presented by the team", "69NcdcrAqb8-00013-00008688-00009248": "as preparation for the debate read and view the material from your lecturer and conduct", "69NcdcrAqb8-00014-00009248-00009880": "your own research exploring the issue [Music] at times your lecturer will decide whether", "69NcdcrAqb8-00015-00009880-00010552": "the class can choose their role affirmative negative or judiciary and which team you will", "69NcdcrAqb8-00016-00010552-00011408": "function in the debate may occur in person or be conducted online if online a test session will", "69NcdcrAqb8-00017-00011408-00011944": "be held so that everyone is familiar with the technology being used for the debate activity", "69NcdcrAqb8-00018-00012136-00012688": "the flow of the debate starts with the affirmative argument next the negative", "69NcdcrAqb8-00019-00012688-00013319": "team rebuked this argument and present their own point of view the second affirmative team", "69NcdcrAqb8-00020-00013319-00013847": "rebuked the negative's argument and then present the secondary arguments of the affirmative team", "69NcdcrAqb8-00021-00014008-00014656": "the second negative team then rebukes and argues this continues for a third round for each side", "69NcdcrAqb8-00022-00015032-00015688": "each side then sums up their arguments it is then the turn of the judiciary to discuss and", "69NcdcrAqb8-00023-00015688-00016440": "then present their feedback deciding on the side who has made the best argument"}}, {"audio_id": "69YZOeBssYy", "text": {"69YZOeBssYy-00000-00000026-00002847": "#funny #zodiacsigns #facts #personality #youtubeshorts #foryou #viralfactshorts #trending #zodiac"}}, {"audio_id": "6r8UXcj6mqy", "text": {"6r8UXcj6mqy-00000-00000070-00000200": "WELCOME TO ALL HANDS UPDATE,", "6r8UXcj6mqy-00001-00000200-00000426": "WE'RE HERE IN BALTIMORE DURING MARYLAND FLEET WEEK", "6r8UXcj6mqy-00002-00000426-00000587": "PREPARING FOR THE COMMISSIONING OF THE", "6r8UXcj6mqy-00003-00000587-00000710": "NAVY'S NEWEST WARSHIP.", "6r8UXcj6mqy-00004-00000710-00000907": "THE ZUMWALT, IS THE LARGEST,", "6r8UXcj6mqy-00005-00000907-00001117": "MOST LETHAL AND SOPHISTICATED DESTROYER", "6r8UXcj6mqy-00006-00001117-00001204": "EVER BUILT.", "6r8UXcj6mqy-00007-00001237-00001441": "IT IS THE LEAD SHIP OF THE NEXT GENERATION DESTROYER", "6r8UXcj6mqy-00008-00001441-00001634": "WITH A STATE-OF-THE-ART ELECTRIC PROPULSION", "6r8UXcj6mqy-00009-00001634-00001865": "SYSTEM, WAVE-PIERCING TUMBLEHOME HULL,", "6r8UXcj6mqy-00010-00001865-00001998": "AND STEALTH DESIGN.", "6r8UXcj6mqy-00011-00001998-00002312": "DDG 1000 HAS THE VERSATILITY TO REDUCE", "6r8UXcj6mqy-00012-00002312-00002652": "FUTURE COSTS AND INCREASE TIME ON STATION.", "6r8UXcj6mqy-00013-00002652-00002856": "ZUMWALT EMBODIES THE LEGACY OF WARFIGHTING", "6r8UXcj6mqy-00014-00002856-00003139": "EXCELLENCE AND INNOVATION OF ADMIRAL ELMO R ZUMWALT,", "6r8UXcj6mqy-00015-00003139-00003429": "JUNIOR, A VETERAN OF WORLD WAR II, KOREA AND VIETNAM.", "6r8UXcj6mqy-00016-00003483-00003700": "ADMIRAL ZUMWALT WAS THE 19TH CHIEF OF NAVAL", "6r8UXcj6mqy-00017-00003700-00003930": "OPERATIONS AND KNOWN FOR HIS DEVOTION TO SAILORS", "6r8UXcj6mqy-00018-00003930-00004144": "AND CREATING A NAVY WHERE EVERYONE WAS TREATED", "6r8UXcj6mqy-00019-00004144-00004214": "EQUALLY.", "6r8UXcj6mqy-00020-00004264-00004481": "THE ZUMWALT COMMISSIONING CEREMONY IS SCHEDULED FOR", "6r8UXcj6mqy-00021-00004481-00004594": "OCTOBER 15TH.", "6r8UXcj6mqy-00022-00004594-00004894": "ALL HANDS MAGAZINE HAS THE LATEST INFORMATION ABOUT", "6r8UXcj6mqy-00023-00004894-00005281": "ZUMWALT'S CAPABILITIES AND CREW,", "6r8UXcj6mqy-00024-00005281-00005782": "CHECK IT OUT AT A-H DOT MIL."}}, {"audio_id": "6rbYD-5TLzu", "text": {"6rbYD-5TLzu-00000-00000614-00000874": "Hi everyone, my name is Sergio and I am the CEO & Founder at Legalia Asesores", "6rbYD-5TLzu-00001-00000874-00001284": "We are an Accounting Firm, working for more then 10 years in Alicante (Spain)", "6rbYD-5TLzu-00002-00001436-00001673": "but our we work with clients all over Spain.", "6rbYD-5TLzu-00003-00001752-00001942": "We are divided into 3 Departments:", "6rbYD-5TLzu-00004-00001942-00002198": "the Accounting Department", "6rbYD-5TLzu-00005-00002198-00002482": "were we deal with the fiscal and  accounting areas", "6rbYD-5TLzu-00006-00002508-00002804": "The Legal Department", "6rbYD-5TLzu-00007-00002804-00002998": "were we offer a full service", "6rbYD-5TLzu-00008-00003022-00003365": "and our strengh is the Financial Department", "6rbYD-5TLzu-00009-00003365-00003626": "were we work with all main banks and insurance companies", "6rbYD-5TLzu-00010-00003676-00003979": "and we are experts in Cryptocurrencies", "6rbYD-5TLzu-00011-00004998-00005352": "Every year we host at least one Intern", "6rbYD-5TLzu-00012-00005352-00005770": "as we like to train our employees", "6rbYD-5TLzu-00013-00005820-00006206": "many interns can succeed and have a career with us after the internship", "6rbYD-5TLzu-00014-00006740-00006973": "The person that is interested in doing an internship with us", "6rbYD-5TLzu-00015-00006973-00007214": "will need to have a Law Degree", "6rbYD-5TLzu-00016-00007214-00007436": "Economics Degree", "6rbYD-5TLzu-00017-00007452-00007804": "or the ADE which is the Entrepreneurship Degree", "6rbYD-5TLzu-00018-00008398-00008898": "The soft skills we valued the most are languages skills", "6rbYD-5TLzu-00019-00009142-00009408": "English is foundamental for us", "6rbYD-5TLzu-00020-00009412-00009666": "Italian language is also a plus", "6rbYD-5TLzu-00021-00009850-00010040": "and obviously the person will need to speak fluent Spanish", "6rbYD-5TLzu-00022-00010084-00010398": "We also look for a person with an entrepreneural mindset", "6rbYD-5TLzu-00023-00010398-00010646": "he/she should see solutions rather then problems", "6rbYD-5TLzu-00024-00010722-00011078": "Every day we have problems to solve with clients", "6rbYD-5TLzu-00025-00011216-00011570": "so the ability to find fast solutions its paramount", "6rbYD-5TLzu-00026-00011596-00011918": "We are looking for someone who works autonomously and that can learn quickly.", "6rbYD-5TLzu-00027-00012494-00012766": "Till now we never had virtual interns", "6rbYD-5TLzu-00028-00012766-00013052": "but since the Covid-19 situation", "6rbYD-5TLzu-00029-00013176-00013484": "we have started to work in smart-working", "6rbYD-5TLzu-00030-00013508-00013824": "Regarding virtual internship we will be looking for a different profile", "6rbYD-5TLzu-00031-00013824-00014197": "like someone that can work in the social media and marketing field as Community Manager", "6rbYD-5TLzu-00032-00014247-00014540": "Social media management, working with our webpage", "6rbYD-5TLzu-00033-00014540-00014840": "and curate our blog plus creating a mailing list", "6rbYD-5TLzu-00034-00014840-00015180": "in this case we are open for a virtual internship", "6rbYD-5TLzu-00035-00015647-00015752": "Till now we never had virtual interns", "6rbYD-5TLzu-00036-00015752-00016016": "but will be very interesting", "6rbYD-5TLzu-00037-00016016-00016282": "as we would love to know how people works in other countries", "6rbYD-5TLzu-00038-00016282-00016575": "which accounting programmes they use", "6rbYD-5TLzu-00039-00016576-00016784": "and most of all because", "6rbYD-5TLzu-00040-00016784-00017059": "a person which comes from abroad can bring fresh and new ideas", "6rbYD-5TLzu-00041-00017060-00017390": "that we can use and adopt in our firm", "6rbYD-5TLzu-00042-00017892-00018104": "We do not offer a fixed wage", "6rbYD-5TLzu-00043-00018110-00018386": "but we do offer a percentage", "6rbYD-5TLzu-00044-00018386-00018878": "So, it depends on the jobs they are doing", "6rbYD-5TLzu-00045-00018982-00019284": "and if they can bring new clients", "6rbYD-5TLzu-00046-00019284-00019516": "then we will pay a % or offer some benefits", "6rbYD-5TLzu-00047-00020000-00020268": "Sure, they can send their CV to", "6rbYD-5TLzu-00048-00020268-00020648": "info@legaliaasesores.com", "6rbYD-5TLzu-00049-00020734-00021114": "I suggest you to think about an internship at Legalia Asesores,", "6rbYD-5TLzu-00050-00021114-00021284": "First of all", "6rbYD-5TLzu-00051-00021284-00021570": "as we are based in Alicante and the city is always sunny", "6rbYD-5TLzu-00052-00021570-00021762": "even during winter months!", "6rbYD-5TLzu-00053-00021806-00022148": "We are a young and very motivated team", "6rbYD-5TLzu-00054-00022148-00022468": "with a very innovative mindset", "6rbYD-5TLzu-00055-00022668-00022958": "That is why we value", "6rbYD-5TLzu-00056-00022958-00023198": "Interns coming from abroad", "6rbYD-5TLzu-00057-00023210-00023448": "we can learn from them", "6rbYD-5TLzu-00058-00023468-00023742": "but most of all they can enjoy the experience with us!", "6rbYD-5TLzu-00059-00023786-00024218": "I will wait for your CVs to come over", "6rbYD-5TLzu-00060-00024268-00024474": "and we will be waiting for you here in Alicante!"}}, {"audio_id": "6s1LVyYx4qg", "text": {"6s1LVyYx4qg-00000-00000160-00000463": "Backroads is made possible by the Minnesota Arts & Cultural Heritage", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00001-00000463-00000767": "Heritage Fund with money by the vote of the people November 4th,", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00002-00000767-00001081": "2008.", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00003-00001081-00001391": "♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00004-00001391-00001731": "♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00005-00001731-00002028": "♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00006-00002028-00002335": "I live pay check to pay check", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00007-00002335-00002662": "making minimum wage", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00008-00002662-00002959": "I ain't got nothing", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00009-00002959-00003263": "nothing to save", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00010-00003263-00003573": "I need something better", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00011-00003573-00003877": "than this I need a raise", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00012-00003877-00004187": "and some health benefits", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00013-00004187-00004491": "I got nothing", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00014-00004491-00004804": "no no I got", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00015-00004804-00005111": "nothing oh oh to pay my bills", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00016-00005111-00005435": "[inaudible]", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00017-00005435-00005735": "♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00018-00005735-00006036": "♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00019-00006036-00006363": "car's in the shop", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00020-00006363-00006656": "baby's on the way", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00021-00006656-00006966": "mama's in debt", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00022-00006966-00007303": "we all know daddy", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00023-00007303-00007610": "ain't gonna pay I need something better", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00024-00007610-00007901": "than this I sold my soul to the corporate", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00025-00007901-00008211": "don't you know they don't owe", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00026-00008211-00008521": "it to me not a living wage or a", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00027-00008521-00008838": "salary", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00028-00008838-00009132": "♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00029-00009132-00009446": "ain't nothing for free", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00030-00009446-00009769": "except the bills in the box", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00031-00009769-00010083": "can't escape poverty", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00032-00010083-00010407": "when nothing is all that you", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00033-00010407-00010707": "gotta have I need something better", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00034-00010707-00011004": "than this need a raise with health", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00035-00011004-00011317": "benefits [inaudible]to my", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00036-00011317-00011641": "feet take some of that charity", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00037-00011641-00011941": "♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00038-00011941-00012248": "♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00039-00012248-00012552": "♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00040-00012552-00012859": "♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00041-00012859-00013169": "♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00042-00013169-00013473": "♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00043-00013473-00013777": "♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00044-00013777-00014080": "♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00045-00014080-00014391": "Everyone I know works", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00046-00014391-00014704": "2 jobs just to get", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00047-00014704-00015011": "by they are all", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00048-00015011-00015318": "scraping trying to", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00049-00015318-00015622": "survive in the cloudy", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00050-00015622-00015925": "climate of our economy", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00051-00015925-00016222": "there's just one thing", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00052-00016222-00016536": "for sure and that's that ain't", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00053-00016536-00016833": "nothing free we are", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00054-00016833-00017143": "on the bottom looking up", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00055-00017143-00017454": "to the top because we", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00056-00017454-00017787": "are all starving for just", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00057-00017787-00018071": "a little of what they got.", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00058-00018071-00018374": "♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00059-00018374-00018685": "♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00060-00018685-00018988": "♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00061-00018988-00019292": "I ain't got", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00062-00019292-00019596": "nothing nothing", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00063-00019596-00019896": "to lose and I ain't got", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00064-00019896-00020213": "nothing that's the best", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00065-00020213-00020517": "I can do.", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00066-00020517-00020834": "[clapping]", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00067-00020834-00021141": "Julie: My name's Julia Oxenreider and", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00068-00021141-00021444": "the sound of my music would be", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00069-00021444-00021741": "best relayed as whiskey music.", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00070-00021741-00022055": "Kind of drinking music,", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00071-00022055-00022375": "sad a little bit, friends,", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00072-00022375-00022675": "good times, bad times, hard times, heartbreak mostly.", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00073-00022675-00022972": "Andrew: And when did you first start getting into", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00074-00022972-00023296": "performing music? Julie: When I was 14. So I've been at it for", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00075-00023296-00023590": "22 years now, which is hard", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00076-00023590-00023890": "to believe that it's been that long.", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00077-00023890-00024197": "But... Andrew: And what's your history with music?", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00078-00024197-00024494": "Julie: Well I started playing music because I was a writer", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00079-00024494-00024661": "first and I really felt I", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00080-00024661-00024808": "couldn't catch anyones ear, no one", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00081-00024808-00025118": "wanted to hear poetry so much. But people would listen", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00082-00025118-00025418": "to music and they would listen to the lyrics and they'd really", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00083-00025418-00025582": "get into it. And something", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00084-00025582-00025745": "they'd want to have for their own", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00085-00025745-00025899": "and listen over and over and over again. And that was", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00086-00025899-00026045": "something that I just didn't", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00087-00026045-00026356": "find an audience with that kind of attitude with poetry.", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00088-00026356-00026659": "So I really appreciated how much other people", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00089-00026659-00026956": "appreciate music and that's what brought me to", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00090-00026956-00027270": "it as I wanted a platform to do my writing where", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00091-00027270-00027577": "people would actually want to listen.", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00092-00027577-00027887": "♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00093-00027887-00028188": "♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00094-00028188-00028498": "♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00095-00028498-00028798": "My name is mud", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00096-00028798-00029122": "but you can call me scum", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00097-00029122-00029422": "and I'm doing my best not to", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00098-00029422-00029729": "drop everything and run", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00099-00029729-00030056": "my days they're numbered", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00100-00030056-00030356": "yours are too", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00101-00030356-00030660": "it's no wonder", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00102-00030660-00030980": "we can't figure out what to do", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00103-00030980-00031284": "♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00104-00031284-00031594": "♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00105-00031594-00031918": "if it's heavy, if it's", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00106-00031918-00032215": "heavy, if it's heavy than you gotta let it", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00107-00032215-00032522": "go", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00108-00032522-00032832": "♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00109-00032832-00033139": "♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00110-00033139-00033436": "all of my", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00111-00033436-00033750": "troubles all of my", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00112-00033750-00034073": "pain makes me just sit", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00113-00034073-00034384": "on my hands waiting to", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00114-00034384-00034704": "wait but time", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00115-00034704-00034998": "passes us by our problems", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00116-00034998-00035311": "stack sky high without", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00117-00035311-00035612": "all these worries I'd be doing", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00118-00035612-00035915": "just fine ♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00119-00035915-00036222": "♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00120-00036222-00036526": "♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00121-00036526-00036843": "♪ if it's heavy, if it's heavy, if it's heavy than", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00122-00036843-00037137": "you gotta let it go", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00123-00037137-00037450": "ain't life funny", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00124-00037450-00037761": "ain't life grand", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00125-00037761-00038094": "nothing ever works", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00126-00038094-00038401": "out the way it was", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00127-00038401-00038698": "planned the weight of", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00128-00038698-00038998": "the world rests upon my", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00129-00038998-00039309": "back now I'm gonna", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00130-00039309-00039619": "carry it until I", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00131-00039619-00039929": "collapse ♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00132-00039929-00040240": "♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00133-00040240-00040547": "♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00134-00040547-00040844": "if it's heavy, if it's heavy, if it's heavy than you gotta", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00135-00040844-00041171": "let it go", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00136-00041171-00041474": "♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00137-00041474-00041781": "♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00138-00041781-00042105": "♪ I want", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00139-00042105-00042412": "something I'm not sure", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00140-00042412-00042712": "what it is I", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00141-00042712-00043026": "always want everything I", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00142-00043026-00043346": "can't ever get", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00143-00043346-00043646": "but everything is gonna be alright", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00144-00043646-00043957": "and everything is gonna be just fine", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00145-00043957-00044264": "don't you worry about me no more", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00146-00044264-00044574": "I'm still alive", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00147-00044574-00044878": "♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00148-00044878-00045201": "♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00149-00045201-00045505": "if it's heavy, if it's heavy, if it's heavy", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00150-00045505-00045819": "than you gotta let it go", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00151-00045819-00046119": "if it's heavy", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00152-00046119-00046446": "if it's heavy, if it's", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00153-00046446-00046750": "heavy, if it's heavy, if it's heavy", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00154-00046750-00047050": "if it's heavy than you gotta let it go", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00155-00047050-00047350": "♪ ♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00156-00047350-00047650": "[audience clapping]", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00157-00047650-00047811": "[audience clapping]", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00158-00047811-00047981": "Andrew: How do you decide what will be a", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00159-00047981-00048274": "poem and what you'll use for a song? Julie: It's a fine,", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00160-00048274-00048558": "fine line and it's easy to cross. I've made a couple", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00161-00048558-00048868": "poems into songs. I've stripped the music from", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00162-00048868-00049015": "a couple songs and made them into poems.", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00163-00049015-00049172": "So it's really nice", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00164-00049172-00049466": "cause it's easy to transfer. And so", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00165-00049466-00049786": "if you want to build up more music you know,", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00166-00049786-00050089": "just hit your journal get the poems out that never really", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00167-00050089-00050383": "went anywhere and you can really start working them into", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00168-00050383-00050690": "music. Just as easily as finishing", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00169-00050690-00050997": "them off as a poem. Andrew: And what's it like for you", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00170-00050997-00051297": "to perform live? Like, what's that", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00171-00051297-00051444": "feeling you get when you're in", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00172-00051444-00051604": "front of an audience and sharing", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00173-00051604-00051905": "these songs with the public? Julie: It's becoming", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00174-00051905-00052225": "something I enjoy. It used to be a struggle, I used to", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00175-00052225-00052522": "get mega stage fright. Like sick and I'd always", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00176-00052522-00052679": "just regret it and want to back out", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00177-00052679-00052826": "last minute. But I'd like make myself do", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00178-00052826-00053129": "it. You know after, 20 years", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00179-00053129-00053289": "of doing it, like I'm finally", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00180-00053289-00053446": "getting to the point where I can", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00181-00053446-00053766": "handle myself on stage and I can kinda control", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00182-00053766-00053910": "my breathing. After the first couple songs,", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00183-00053910-00054053": "I start to really", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00184-00054053-00054380": "ease into it and just like feel", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00185-00054380-00054677": "feel the music and perform the music how I want it to", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00186-00054677-00054968": "be done. And that's....that's awesome. I'm very", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00187-00054968-00055278": "excited to be moving into the phase of", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00188-00055278-00055588": "having fun on stage. Instead of being....", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00189-00055588-00055892": "scared. [laughter] ♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00190-00055892-00056199": "♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00191-00056199-00056506": "♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00192-00056506-00056820": "♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00193-00056820-00057123": "♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00194-00057123-00057434": "♪ It haunts you", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00195-00057434-00057740": "at night keeps you", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00196-00057740-00058041": "awake it", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00197-00058041-00058361": "haunts you til your eyes", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00198-00058361-00058675": "fly open like shades", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00199-00058675-00058975": "it haunts you hold on tight because", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00200-00058975-00059285": "it's not gonna go away", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00201-00059285-00059596": "it haunts you from all sides", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00202-00059596-00059909": "folds you into the gray", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00203-00059909-00060223": "the static in", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00204-00060223-00060523": "the night sounds close", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00205-00060523-00060834": "and far away the milky", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00206-00060834-00061124": "star light falls down", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00207-00061124-00061444": "in gamma", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00208-00061444-00061744": "rays....♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00209-00061744-00062048": "♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00210-00062048-00062352": "♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00211-00062352-00062665": "♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00212-00062665-00062979": "♪ It haunts you in your", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00213-00062979-00063279": "dreams and stays when you're awake", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00214-00063279-00063576": "it haunts you", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00215-00063576-00063883": "like the night following to the", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00216-00063883-00064187": "day it haunts you", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00217-00064187-00064511": "like a parasite eating up your", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00218-00064511-00064804": "entire brain it", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00219-00064804-00065115": "haunts you like an attack where you just", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00220-00065115-00065425": "can not escape", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00221-00065425-00065745": "the static in the night", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00222-00065745-00066052": "sounds close and far away", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00223-00066052-00066362": "the milky star light", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00224-00066362-00066676": "falls down in", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00225-00066676-00066996": "gamma rays", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00226-00066996-00067297": "♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00227-00067297-00067610": "♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00228-00067610-00067914": "♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00229-00067914-00068221": "♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00230-00068221-00068538": "♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00231-00068538-00068848": "♪ There's", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00232-00068848-00069158": "a demon with ruby red eyes yeah", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00233-00069158-00069462": "he's looking your way", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00234-00069462-00069786": "he is the game of surprise yeah", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00235-00069786-00070086": "he was born to play", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00236-00070086-00070393": "you see through the disguise", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00237-00070393-00070717": "but still he persuades", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00238-00070717-00071020": "he could be your", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00239-00071020-00071337": "demise suck the soul from your life wipe the light", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00240-00071337-00071634": "from your eyes, yeah ♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00241-00071634-00071935": "wash it away", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00242-00071935-00072235": "wash it away", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00243-00072235-00072549": "wash it away", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00244-00072549-00072852": "away....♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00245-00072852-00073156": "♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00246-00073156-00073460": "♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00247-00073460-00073777": "♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00248-00073777-00074077": "♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00249-00074077-00074380": "♪ just a moment a memory", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00250-00074380-00074691": "keeps surfacing to the top", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00251-00074691-00074994": "keep circling over and", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00252-00074994-00075298": "over the same old", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00253-00075298-00075605": "thought it's enough to", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00254-00075605-00075912": "spin your head til it pops", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00255-00075912-00076219": "right off gonna have", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00256-00076219-00076523": "to exit this brain if I ever", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00257-00076523-00076836": "want it to stop", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00258-00076836-00077147": "the static in the night", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00259-00077147-00077453": "sounds close and far away", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00260-00077453-00077767": "the milky star light", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00261-00077767-00078071": "falls down in", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00262-00078071-00078371": "gamma rays", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00263-00078371-00078708": "♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00264-00078708-00079008": "♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00265-00079008-00079319": "♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00266-00079319-00079609": "♪ ♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00267-00079609-00079939": "[audience clapping]", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00268-00079939-00080223": "[audience clapping]", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00269-00080223-00080530": "Julie: I think the hardest part about song writing", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00270-00080530-00080844": "is making it make sense. Because not everything you want", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00271-00080844-00081157": "to say is gonna fit right and so how do you", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00272-00081157-00081451": "convey your message in the set", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00273-00081451-00081755": "block of rhythmic pattern", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00274-00081755-00081901": "is definitely the hardest part.", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00275-00081901-00082051": "It's something that poetry doesn't deal with.", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00276-00082051-00082348": "You...whatever you want to say in poetry you just say it.", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00277-00082348-00082675": "You have all the poetic license to", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00278-00082675-00082972": "vary in any direction. But song writing", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00279-00082972-00083293": "is definitely more structured.", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00280-00083293-00083583": "And therefore, can be really hard to make a", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00281-00083583-00083736": "song make sense. But for the", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00282-00083736-00083910": "most part when I do have inspiration", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00283-00083910-00084197": "I write it down and it sits in my journal for awhile", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00284-00084197-00084511": "it could be years, it could be months before", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00285-00084511-00084807": "I see it again. But almost always if it was something", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00286-00084807-00085118": "that caught my ear and was inspiring to begin with", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00287-00085118-00085428": "it'll eventually end up as something. You know, it's like", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00288-00085428-00085738": "inspiration it doesn't come very often so", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00289-00085738-00086039": "when it's there you gotta hold on to it and use it.", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00290-00086039-00086346": "♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00291-00086346-00086659": "♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00292-00086659-00086963": "♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00293-00086963-00087270": "♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00294-00087270-00087577": "♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00295-00087577-00087891": "♪ The party happened like a wet", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00296-00087891-00088178": "blanket wrapped around a dry drunk", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00297-00088178-00088501": "drowning in bull lips we", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00298-00088501-00088818": "walked down to your house talking", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00299-00088818-00089118": "talking talking smack", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00300-00089118-00089435": "we didn't bother using the", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00301-00089435-00089752": "door knob because we were sloshed and really", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00302-00089752-00090063": "out of it", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00303-00090063-00090363": "you made buckwheat pancakes", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00304-00090363-00090653": "with honey on top to sweeten", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00305-00090653-00090967": "the deal", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00306-00090967-00091274": "♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00307-00091274-00091578": "♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00308-00091578-00091895": "♪ we told each other truths are", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00309-00091895-00092195": "lies made up of the chemicals in", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00310-00092195-00092505": "our minds you told me", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00311-00092505-00092822": "that love and lust aren't too far from", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00312-00092822-00093122": "each other on the reality line", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00313-00093122-00093433": "I sat on the edge of the", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00314-00093433-00093753": "sofa whirling, twirling, whirling, twirling, whirling", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00315-00093753-00094053": "hurling ♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00316-00094053-00094364": "♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00317-00094364-00094684": "♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00318-00094684-00095001": "♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00319-00095001-00095308": "♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00320-00095308-00095615": "♪ we made strange bed", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00321-00095615-00095945": "fellows we are strangers in the day time", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00322-00095945-00096246": "we become one", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00323-00096246-00096556": "and other when our bodies collide", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00324-00096556-00096870": "and combine oooo...", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00325-00096870-00097163": "♪ oooo.....", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00326-00097163-00097477": "ooooooohhhh....", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00327-00097477-00097801": "♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00328-00097801-00098094": "♪ we are glory", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00329-00098094-00098408": "seekers carving out holes to", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00330-00098408-00098701": "peep through we are shaping our lives", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00331-00098701-00099025": "to make sure we get the", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00332-00099025-00099335": "very best of all the", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00333-00099335-00099649": "views", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00334-00099649-00099966": "oooooohh....", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00335-00099966-00100263": "oooooohh....", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00336-00100263-00100577": "ohh.....", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00337-00100577-00100900": "ohh.....", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00338-00100900-00101207": "♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00339-00101207-00101508": "♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00340-00101508-00101831": "♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00341-00101831-00102132": "♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00342-00102132-00102432": "♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00343-00102432-00102752": "♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00344-00102752-00103056": "♪ we danced", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00345-00103056-00103356": "with thorns and spikes on our heads lighting wood", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00346-00103356-00103680": "burning stoves with alcohol breath", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00347-00103680-00103973": "we played kazoos and tapped on", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00348-00103973-00104270": "guitars we sang songs that we never even", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00349-00104270-00104611": "heard before I drank", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00350-00104611-00104898": "with haste and desire to taste the fierce", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00351-00104898-00105191": "fiery beast at the bottom of the jar", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00352-00105191-00105505": "♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00353-00105505-00105825": "♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00354-00105825-00106135": "♪ your cotton", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00355-00106135-00106432": "kisses and your stale glance it's enough", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00356-00106432-00106763": "to turn my stomach from romance", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00357-00106763-00107056": "you squeaked my hinges but did not", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00358-00107056-00107380": "knock it's late and I've been thinking", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00359-00107380-00107684": "and drinking too much I've been", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00360-00107684-00107964": "thinking and drinking too much", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00361-00107964-00108301": "I've been thinking and drinking too much", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00362-00108301-00108588": "I've been thinking, drinking too", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00363-00108588-00108905": "much ♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00364-00108905-00109212": "♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00365-00109212-00109526": "♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00366-00109526-00109856": "whooooo.....", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00367-00109856-00110156": "whooooo.....", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00368-00110156-00110460": "whooooo....", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00369-00110460-00110780": "whooooooo....", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00370-00110780-00111080": "ooooo....♪ ♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00371-00111080-00111387": "[audience clapping]", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00372-00111387-00111701": "[audience clapping]", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00373-00111701-00112005": "♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00374-00112005-00112305": "♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00375-00112305-00112619": "♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00376-00112619-00112942": "♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00377-00112942-00113243": "♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00378-00113243-00113550": "♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00379-00113550-00113846": "♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00380-00113846-00114160": "♪ Get down on the floor", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00381-00114160-00114487": "where you've belonged all", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00382-00114487-00114781": "along get down on the floor", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00383-00114781-00115088": "where you've belonged", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00384-00115088-00115411": "all along get down on the floor", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00385-00115411-00115715": "where you've belonged", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00386-00115715-00116019": "♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00387-00116019-00116346": "♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00388-00116346-00116629": "♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00389-00116629-00116940": "♪ the whispering", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00390-00116940-00117260": "wind she calls my name I listen to", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00391-00117260-00117564": "hear what else she saying she speaks", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00392-00117564-00117871": "to the trees tells the clouds", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00393-00117871-00118211": "that it's time to release the", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00394-00118211-00118494": "rain comes pouring down brings my", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00395-00118494-00118795": "knees to the ground", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00396-00118795-00119095": "get", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00397-00119095-00119412": "down on the floor", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00398-00119412-00119712": "where you've belonged all", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00399-00119712-00120019": "along get down on the floor", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00400-00120019-00120330": "where you've belonged all", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00401-00120330-00120630": "along get down on the floor", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00402-00120630-00120950": "where you've belonged", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00403-00120950-00121251": "♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00404-00121251-00121551": "♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00405-00121551-00121848": "♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00406-00121848-00122148": "♪ the spokes", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00407-00122148-00122479": "of the wheel spin around", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00408-00122479-00122785": "to reveal fortune", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00409-00122785-00123089": "is at hand but you'll", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00410-00123089-00123389": "have to pay it all to the man and", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00411-00123389-00123696": "if you're lucky you can strike a deal", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00412-00123696-00123983": "but you'll have to beg, cheat and steal", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00413-00123983-00124307": "get down on bended knees", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00414-00124307-00124614": "begging pretty, pretty, pretty, pretty please", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00415-00124614-00124921": "♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00416-00124921-00125248": "get down on the", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00417-00125248-00125551": "floor where you've belonged", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00418-00125551-00125858": "all along get down on", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00419-00125858-00126196": "the floor where you've belonged", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00420-00126196-00126483": "all along get down on the", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00421-00126483-00126786": "floor where you've", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00422-00126786-00127096": "belonged", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00423-00127096-00127400": "♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00424-00127400-00127707": "♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00425-00127707-00128021": "♪ the", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00426-00128021-00128334": "earth shakes beneath makes", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00427-00128334-00128638": "me go weak in the knees", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00428-00128638-00128968": "she is shaken up", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00429-00128968-00129272": "oh the signals now they're breaking up", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00430-00129272-00129592": "you can try with all your might", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00431-00129592-00129903": "but no matter how hard you fight", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00432-00129903-00130226": "you'll be the one who falls", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00433-00130226-00130516": "down, down, down, down, down, down", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00434-00130516-00130823": "down.....", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00435-00130823-00131127": "♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00436-00131127-00131437": "get down on the", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00437-00131437-00131744": "floor where you've belonged", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00438-00131744-00132061": "all along get down", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00439-00132061-00132368": "on the floor where you've", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00440-00132368-00132672": "belonged all along get down on the", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00441-00132672-00132986": "floor where you've belonged", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00442-00132986-00133306": "♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00443-00133306-00133606": "♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00444-00133606-00133920": "♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00445-00133920-00134227": "♪ hey....", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00446-00134227-00134537": "♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00447-00134537-00134841": "♪ get down, down, down, down, down", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00448-00134841-00135144": "down, down get down, down, down, down", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00449-00135144-00135441": "get down, down, down, down, down,", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00450-00135441-00135745": "down..... ♪ ♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00451-00135745-00136062": "[audience clapping]", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00452-00136062-00136239": "[audience clapping]", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00453-00136239-00136372": "Andrew:What kind of advice would you offer", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00454-00136372-00136686": "someone who was getting interested in performing", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00455-00136686-00137013": "music live? Julie: One thing that I always struggled", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00456-00137013-00137150": "with forever is, \"Oh I didn't", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00457-00137150-00137317": "do it good enough\" or \"I didn't do", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00458-00137317-00137614": "it right\" or you know, \"I screwed up once during that", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00459-00137614-00137921": "song\". The audience doesn't know. They just really honestly", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00460-00137921-00138221": "will never notice. You can't take yourself too seriously like", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00461-00138221-00138374": "that's the bottom line. People", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00462-00138374-00138531": "really respect that when you're up on", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00463-00138531-00138828": "stage and you're able to be goofy and relate to them.", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00464-00138828-00138988": "And you feel comfortable and", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00465-00138988-00139145": "look comfortable it changes the whole", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00466-00139145-00139465": "performance no matter how good of an artist. If you're feeling", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00467-00139465-00139772": "at home on stage people really, really appreciate", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00468-00139772-00140073": "that. ♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00469-00140073-00140390": "♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00470-00140390-00140693": "♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00471-00140693-00140994": "♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00472-00140994-00141314": "♪ We're thumbing our way down", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00473-00141314-00141618": "to B-town", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00474-00141618-00141921": "looking for some quarters", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00475-00141921-00142248": "we're gonna buy the next", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00476-00142248-00142545": "round", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00477-00142545-00142852": "dancing", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00478-00142852-00143172": "a jig up on the", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00479-00143172-00143479": "corner can you spare", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00480-00143479-00143806": "some change I'm gonna hop", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00481-00143806-00144107": "the next freight train", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00482-00144107-00144410": "♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00483-00144410-00144717": "we're begging", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00484-00144717-00145018": "honey buns from a small town", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00485-00145018-00145335": "gas station we're leaving at", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00486-00145335-00145635": "midnight we're going so", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00487-00145635-00145942": "far away", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00488-00145942-00146262": "♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00489-00146262-00146576": "here we go....", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00490-00146576-00146876": "♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00491-00146876-00147197": "♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00492-00147197-00147497": "♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00493-00147497-00147797": "♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00494-00147797-00148101": "♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00495-00148101-00148404": "♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00496-00148404-00148718": "♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00497-00148718-00149028": "♪ we're running from", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00498-00149028-00149335": "trouble we're on the", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00499-00149335-00149642": "run we're running from yard", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00500-00149642-00149959": "bulls with loaded guns", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00501-00149959-00150256": "we're running far and", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00502-00150256-00150583": "fast gotta get away from", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00503-00150583-00150887": "our past", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00504-00150887-00151207": "♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00505-00151207-00151508": "the next big city", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00506-00151508-00151798": "is always our best", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00507-00151798-00152101": "bet", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00508-00152101-00152425": "♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00509-00152425-00152699": "we ditched our packs in the", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00510-00152699-00153019": "tall, tall weeds", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00511-00153019-00153329": "couldn't ever find them", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00512-00153329-00153636": "oh man did we have to leave", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00513-00153636-00153933": "we've got nothing", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00514-00153933-00154254": "but the clothes on our", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00515-00154254-00154561": "backs", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00516-00154561-00154864": "♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00517-00154864-00155168": "we have the option to", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00518-00155168-00155468": "keep rolling down them", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00519-00155468-00155802": "tracks", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00520-00155802-00156092": "here we go.....", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00521-00156092-00156396": "♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00522-00156396-00156696": "♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00523-00156696-00157000": "♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00524-00157000-00157300": "♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00525-00157300-00157604": "♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00526-00157604-00157911": "♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00527-00157911-00158221": "♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00528-00158221-00158521": "♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00529-00158521-00158825": "we're rounding corners", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00530-00158825-00159132": "we're rounding bends", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00531-00159132-00159459": "on a destination", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00532-00159459-00159766": "just never ends it", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00533-00159766-00160069": "never ends it never", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00534-00160069-00160406": "ends it", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00535-00160406-00160707": "goes on....", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00536-00160707-00160997": "and on again", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00537-00160997-00161297": "♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00538-00161297-00161608": "♪ we're", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00539-00161608-00161921": "rounding corners", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00540-00161921-00162225": "♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00541-00162225-00162532": "we're rounding bends", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00542-00162532-00162859": "on a destination", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00543-00162859-00163152": "just never ends...one more", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00544-00163152-00163493": "time...", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00545-00163493-00163793": "♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00546-00163793-00164093": "♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00547-00164093-00164400": "♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00548-00164400-00164714": "♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00549-00164714-00165021": "♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00550-00165021-00165341": "♪ ♪", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00551-00165341-00165645": "[audience clapping] Thank you.", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00552-00165645-00165945": "[audience clapping]", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00553-00165945-00166256": "[audience clapping]", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00554-00166256-00166566": "Backroads is made possible by the Minnesota Arts", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00555-00166566-00166873": "and Cultural Heritage Fund. With money by the vote of the", "6s1LVyYx4qg-00556-00166873-00167167": "people November 4th, 2008."}}]