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+[{"audio_id": "d4NEoVhz5So", "text": {"d4NEoVhz5So-00000-00000048-00000351": "We write software that controls", "d4NEoVhz5So-00001-00000351-00000803": "energy storage, so batteries, and by controlling it were able to deliver services", "d4NEoVhz5So-00002-00000817-00001317": "both to home owners and the grid, in doing that we actually make storage", "d4NEoVhz5So-00003-00001317-00001507": "economic today.", "d4NEoVhz5So-00004-00001507-00001668": "When the grid was first built,", "d4NEoVhz5So-00005-00001668-00001992": "so fifty sixty years ago, it really was a case that consumers", "d4NEoVhz5So-00006-00001992-00002322": "bought energy from state-owned utilities but obviously", "d4NEoVhz5So-00007-00002322-00002765": "in recent times consumers, are now much more empowered,", "d4NEoVhz5So-00008-00002765-00003023": "primarily because a lot of them generate their own power from solar panels", "d4NEoVhz5So-00009-00003023-00003299": "and so consumers really want to participate", "d4NEoVhz5So-00010-00003299-00003685": "more fully in the operation of the grid and", "d4NEoVhz5So-00011-00003685-00004010": "storage is the next step in that and storage really", "d4NEoVhz5So-00012-00004010-00004398": "enables consumers to have a significant amount of energy freedom", "d4NEoVhz5So-00013-00004398-00004772": "because they no longer tied to only being able to generate with the sun's up.", "d4NEoVhz5So-00014-00004772-00005119": "So with storage you're able to obviously capture", "d4NEoVhz5So-00015-00005119-00005419": "energy you've generated during the day and then use it", "d4NEoVhz5So-00016-00005419-00005801": "at night and typically that's when you're paying peak prices.", "d4NEoVhz5So-00017-00005801-00006204": "But I think the other interesting thing that Reposit does is we don't just do that.", "d4NEoVhz5So-00018-00006204-00006643": "We also allow consumers to actually sell their energy directly into the wholesale market", "d4NEoVhz5So-00019-00006643-00006777": "when prices are high,", "d4NEoVhz5So-00020-00006777-00007144": "they're able to help support good frequency to make the grid", "d4NEoVhz5So-00021-00007144-00007479": "healthy and stable and then they're able to provide", "d4NEoVhz5So-00022-00007479-00007972": "energy and power to the networks, in order to keep the networks stable as well.", "d4NEoVhz5So-00023-00007972-00008400": "And that's really the additional value that  Reposit creats, is that where", "d4NEoVhz5So-00024-00008400-00008772": "taking a single place a storage and making really useful for lots of", "d4NEoVhz5So-00025-00008772-00008958": "different people and that leads to", "d4NEoVhz5So-00026-00008958-00009310": "consumers actually being paid for all of those  services."}}, {"audio_id": "d4TAoT18OrQ", "text": {"d4TAoT18OrQ-00000-00000442-00001045": "There has been watching one story I’ve been watching implode more and more by the day,", "d4TAoT18OrQ-00001-00001045-00001197": "the FTX exchange collapse.", "d4TAoT18OrQ-00002-00001197-00001311": "So, here’s the challenge.", "d4TAoT18OrQ-00003-00001311-00002446": "I am going to summarize this issue without saying blockchain, defi, or any other buzzwords", "d4TAoT18OrQ-00004-00002446-00002706": "that make eyes glaze over.", "d4TAoT18OrQ-00005-00002706-00003166": "At the end of the day, this is essentially a banking issue.", "d4TAoT18OrQ-00006-00003166-00003995": "If you ask anyone deep into crypto, the banking system is inherently corrupt, so they created", "d4TAoT18OrQ-00007-00003995-00004426": "an alternative to banks, an unregulated alternative.", "d4TAoT18OrQ-00008-00004426-00004732": "I think you know where this is going.", "d4TAoT18OrQ-00009-00004732-00005400": "You can either keep your coins in a digital wallet, or you can store them in these “definitely", "d4TAoT18OrQ-00010-00005400-00006007": "not bank” exchanges where they will take your tokens, pay you interest for depositing…", "d4TAoT18OrQ-00011-00006007-00006834": "err staking them, and then loan them out or invest them to raise that money.", "d4TAoT18OrQ-00012-00006834-00007264": "Totally, for regulatory purposes, not a bank.", "d4TAoT18OrQ-00013-00007264-00007709": "Trust me, thorough is my middle name, although…", "d4TAoT18OrQ-00014-00007709-00007917": "Bankman is his.", "d4TAoT18OrQ-00015-00007917-00008414": "In this case, a bunch of people deposited their tokens in the, for regulatory purposes,", "d4TAoT18OrQ-00016-00008414-00009402": "“definitely not a bank” FTX exchange and proceeded to rake in those high interest payments.", "d4TAoT18OrQ-00017-00009402-00010075": "Thing is, a bunch of people assumed this was like a bank but with a crypto paint skin.", "d4TAoT18OrQ-00018-00010075-00010589": "Those people just got a hard lesson in the two hundred plus years of banking regulation", "d4TAoT18OrQ-00019-00010589-00010985": "that don't extend to these crypto institutions.", "d4TAoT18OrQ-00020-00010985-00011507": "Glass-Steagall says you can’t use depositor’s money on speculative investments?", "d4TAoT18OrQ-00021-00011507-00011799": "Well, this ain’t your parent’s financial institution.", "d4TAoT18OrQ-00022-00011799-00012446": "We’re going to give depositors money to our investment arm, Alameda Research, to play", "d4TAoT18OrQ-00023-00012446-00012740": "the markets.", "d4TAoT18OrQ-00024-00012740-00013669": "The Federal Reserve Act puts reserve requirements on financial institutions so if you want cash,", "d4TAoT18OrQ-00025-00013669-00013983": "you can get it immediately?", "d4TAoT18OrQ-00026-00013983-00014351": "Well, no reservations here.", "d4TAoT18OrQ-00027-00014351-00014769": "We’re going all in with depositor money.", "d4TAoT18OrQ-00028-00014769-00015463": "Don’t worry though, if these investments fail, we have the FDIC to guarantee depositors", "d4TAoT18OrQ-00029-00015463-00015563": "money…", "d4TAoT18OrQ-00030-00015563-00015902": "Wait, that only applies to bank banks?", "d4TAoT18OrQ-00031-00015902-00016087": "Yikes.", "d4TAoT18OrQ-00032-00016087-00016488": "For a while things were going great because all the arrows were pointing up?", "d4TAoT18OrQ-00033-00016488-00017270": "Nobody’s taking out their money, our investments are exploding in value.", "d4TAoT18OrQ-00034-00017270-00017668": "Turns out this banking thing is pretty easy.", "d4TAoT18OrQ-00035-00017668-00017795": "Wait, red?", "d4TAoT18OrQ-00036-00017795-00017984": "Wow, that is a lot of red?", "d4TAoT18OrQ-00037-00017984-00018564": "People want to withdrawal their money with this interest we said we were paying them?", "d4TAoT18OrQ-00038-00018564-00018987": "Well, I can move some things around to cover those withdrawls.", "d4TAoT18OrQ-00039-00018987-00019590": "Wait, one of our largest investors has announced that they’re cashing out?", "d4TAoT18OrQ-00040-00019590-00020219": "Yikes, if this gets out, a bunch of people are going to withdrawal their deposits.", "d4TAoT18OrQ-00041-00020219-00020319": "And…", "d4TAoT18OrQ-00042-00020319-00020472": "it’s out.", "d4TAoT18OrQ-00043-00020472-00020630": "Bank run time.", "d4TAoT18OrQ-00044-00020630-00021055": "Everyone wants to take their coins out of our exchange and into their wallets.", "d4TAoT18OrQ-00045-00021055-00021734": "Hey guys, we can’t give you these coins because they're tied up in investments?", "d4TAoT18OrQ-00046-00021734-00022333": "Give us a little time to unwind our holdings into cash, and trust us, we’re going to", "d4TAoT18OrQ-00047-00022333-00022552": "pay you all back.", "d4TAoT18OrQ-00048-00022552-00023311": "Unfortunately, they have now filed for bankruptcy and we can see that they the combination of", "d4TAoT18OrQ-00049-00023311-00023931": "assets and cash on hand aren’t enough to pay back depositer’s funds.", "d4TAoT18OrQ-00050-00023931-00024597": "To add insult to injury, after they filed for bankruptcy, someone used a backdoor to", "d4TAoT18OrQ-00051-00024597-00025497": "take remaining assets that FTX exchange retained possession of and transfer them to someone's", "d4TAoT18OrQ-00052-00025497-00025610": "wallet.", "d4TAoT18OrQ-00053-00025610-00026216": "Not sure who did that and, because there is no physical inventory, it’s irreversible", "d4TAoT18OrQ-00054-00026216-00026433": "on the public ledgers.", "d4TAoT18OrQ-00055-00026433-00027117": "That means that bankruptcy courts won’t be able to liquidate the remaining assets", "d4TAoT18OrQ-00056-00027117-00027850": "in order to pay depositors.", "d4TAoT18OrQ-00057-00027850-00028358": "Interestingly enough, as far as crimes committed, things are a bit hazy.", "d4TAoT18OrQ-00058-00028358-00028744": "When there are no rules, it’s hard to break them.", "d4TAoT18OrQ-00059-00028744-00029479": "The best argument for crime is the fact that FTX exchange promised depositors that their", "d4TAoT18OrQ-00060-00029479-00029894": "money wouldn’t be used in speculative investments.", "d4TAoT18OrQ-00061-00029894-00030461": "Not a regulation so much as party A breaking a commitment to party B.", "d4TAoT18OrQ-00062-00030461-00031297": "The founder is defending himself by arguing, I had no idea how we were making money?", "d4TAoT18OrQ-00063-00031297-00031919": "It just showed up and I gave it out in interest payments.", "d4TAoT18OrQ-00064-00031919-00032338": "This argument would be a lot funnier if I hadn’t spent the past few years breaking", "d4TAoT18OrQ-00065-00032338-00032786": "down Trump’s legal defenses.", "d4TAoT18OrQ-00066-00032786-00033613": "There also is a legal problem for the hacker who stole a bunch of assets from the company,", "d4TAoT18OrQ-00067-00033613-00033949": "but as of now, we don’t know who that Bank Robber is.", "d4TAoT18OrQ-00068-00033949-00034164": "So, there you go.", "d4TAoT18OrQ-00069-00034164-00034738": "FTX exchange’s collapse without mentioning Blockchains, Defi or any of the other terms", "d4TAoT18OrQ-00070-00034738-00035444": "that unnecessarily complicate a situation that is essentially a bank imploding with", "d4TAoT18OrQ-00071-00035444-00035809": "no safety nets in place.", "d4TAoT18OrQ-00072-00035809-00036443": "This is a part of a bigger picture though, as, it looks like a bunch of other “not", "d4TAoT18OrQ-00073-00036443-00037194": "bank banks'' made huge loans to FTX, and are looking down the barrel of their own hefty", "d4TAoT18OrQ-00074-00037194-00037321": "losses.", "d4TAoT18OrQ-00075-00037321-00038028": "Before we get into the outro, I’d like to apologize for not posting videos at my normal", "d4TAoT18OrQ-00076-00038028-00038128": "rate.", "d4TAoT18OrQ-00077-00038128-00038634": "A few long time viewers may know that my day job is working for a toy company.", "d4TAoT18OrQ-00078-00038634-00039418": "When the Mariah Carey starts, those short days start to get a lot longer.", "d4TAoT18OrQ-00079-00039418-00040602": "Back off Tim Allen, I’m the Santa Clause here.", "d4TAoT18OrQ-00080-00040602-00040702": "Hello YouTube.", "d4TAoT18OrQ-00081-00040702-00041012": "I’d like to thank my Patrons for helping me put out my videos.", "d4TAoT18OrQ-00082-00041012-00041556": "If you want to support independent nonpartisan news looking into the overlooked, join this", "d4TAoT18OrQ-00083-00041556-00041908": "growing list of exceptional individuals by clicking the link in the description.", "d4TAoT18OrQ-00084-00041908-00042261": "Also, remember to subscribe and ring that bell so that freedom will continue to ring.", "d4TAoT18OrQ-00085-00042261-00042680": "Give me a thumbs up if you like what you saw.", "d4TAoT18OrQ-00086-00042680-00042943": "Lastly, as always, thank you for watching."}}, {"audio_id": "d4YcLmc4a10", "text": {"d4YcLmc4a10-00000-00000575-00001031": "Craig Chavis Jr.: Hey, what's up YouTube? Today is June 28 2021.", "d4YcLmc4a10-00001-00001034-00001559": "And this is a major milestone for me because today marks the", "d4YcLmc4a10-00002-00001559-00001997": "day that I've been on YouTube or been creating content for", "d4YcLmc4a10-00003-00001997-00002459": "YouTube for six months, I started my YouTube content", "d4YcLmc4a10-00004-00002459-00003020": "creation journey, essentially on New Year's, so January 1 2021.", "d4YcLmc4a10-00005-00003059-00003563": "And man have I learned a lot about YouTube, but even more so", "d4YcLmc4a10-00006-00003563-00003989": "I've learned a lot about myself throughout this journey, and", "d4YcLmc4a10-00007-00003989-00004301": "this video is just going to be talking about the seven lessons", "d4YcLmc4a10-00008-00004301-00004877": "I've learned within my six month journey on YouTube. But before I", "d4YcLmc4a10-00009-00004877-00005252": "get into those lessons, I just want to explain why even when to", "d4YcLmc4a10-00010-00005252-00005762": "hop on YouTube in the first place. 31 years old, I've been,", "d4YcLmc4a10-00011-00005765-00006179": "you know, bingeing YouTube content for a long time since", "d4YcLmc4a10-00012-00006179-00006503": "its inception. And for the longest, I haven't had a dream", "d4YcLmc4a10-00013-00006503-00006962": "of becoming a YouTuber, just different life events got in the", "d4YcLmc4a10-00014-00006962-00007199": "way, I've been a serial entrepreneur, I've lived all", "d4YcLmc4a10-00015-00007199-00007553": "around the world, I've launched multiple different businesses,", "d4YcLmc4a10-00016-00007553-00007907": "you know, including a distillery. I've gotten in the", "d4YcLmc4a10-00017-00007907-00008189": "blockchain, I'm award winning author, like I've done a lot of", "d4YcLmc4a10-00018-00008189-00008549": "different things. But creating content is something that I've", "d4YcLmc4a10-00019-00008549-00008867": "loved, probably more than anything. And when I was", "d4YcLmc4a10-00020-00008867-00009182": "actually traveling around the world, I had a blog called the", "d4YcLmc4a10-00021-00009182-00009518": "go printer, where I was producing video content, and I", "d4YcLmc4a10-00022-00009521-00009902": "uploaded a little bit of of it to YouTube. But I didn't really", "d4YcLmc4a10-00023-00009902-00010352": "take YouTube seriously. But after the pandemic hit, I", "d4YcLmc4a10-00024-00010352-00010925": "realized that I needed more of a digital presence online. And one", "d4YcLmc4a10-00025-00010925-00011219": "of my mentors told me he's like, Craig, you know, posting is not", "d4YcLmc4a10-00026-00011219-00011567": "promoting, you actually have to be consistent with with your", "d4YcLmc4a10-00027-00011567-00011861": "content, you have to really promote yourself. And so that's", "d4YcLmc4a10-00028-00011861-00012239": "one of the reasons why I got into YouTube was not only just", "d4YcLmc4a10-00029-00012239-00012587": "to create content, but to just to share my journey, my", "d4YcLmc4a10-00030-00012587-00013010": "ideologies and my methodologies with the world. And so far, so", "d4YcLmc4a10-00031-00013010-00013334": "good. Like, it's been one hell of a journey. It's been very,", "d4YcLmc4a10-00032-00013334-00013685": "very difficult. But without further ado, let's get into the", "d4YcLmc4a10-00033-00013685-00014057": "seven reasons or the seven lessons that I've learned from", "d4YcLmc4a10-00034-00014057-00014537": "my first six months on YouTube. Lesson number one is that you", "d4YcLmc4a10-00035-00014537-00015029": "must motivate yourself. I cannot elaborate on this enough,", "d4YcLmc4a10-00036-00015032-00015620": "YouTube is so hard, like YouTube wants you to shoot videos and", "d4YcLmc4a10-00037-00015620-00015950": "edit videos like your Steven Spielberg, they want you to have", "d4YcLmc4a10-00038-00015950-00016340": "your SEO game like Bill Gates, and they want you to have, you", "d4YcLmc4a10-00039-00016358-00016688": "know, these thumbnails with the artwork of a Picasso or", "d4YcLmc4a10-00040-00016688-00016997": "something like it's just super, super hard to do all these", "d4YcLmc4a10-00041-00016997-00017489": "things. And so at the end of the day, like you are your most", "d4YcLmc4a10-00042-00017510-00017882": "important critic, and you have to motivate yourself to keep", "d4YcLmc4a10-00043-00017882-00018404": "going and to keep putting out content on a regular basis. And", "d4YcLmc4a10-00044-00018407-00018782": "this a lot easier said than done. But there has to be a deep", "d4YcLmc4a10-00045-00018782-00019247": "seated reason for why you even want to become a YouTuber in the", "d4YcLmc4a10-00046-00019247-00019682": "first place. And so for me, as I brought up my introduction, is", "d4YcLmc4a10-00047-00019682-00020072": "that I really wanted to share my ideology of methodology and life", "d4YcLmc4a10-00048-00020072-00020456": "journey with the world. And so that is my deep set of reason", "d4YcLmc4a10-00049-00020456-00021008": "for why I became a YouTuber. So let's move on to Lesson number", "d4YcLmc4a10-00050-00021008-00021593": "two. Lesson number two is just a flat out ignore the YouTube", "d4YcLmc4a10-00051-00021596-00022019": "algorithm. I mean, my God, like there's a major obsession over", "d4YcLmc4a10-00052-00022019-00022043": "what", "d4YcLmc4a10-00053-00022043-00022286": "does the YouTube algorithm algorithm like? What is it", "d4YcLmc4a10-00054-00022286-00022775": "doing? How is it changing? Like what SEO what tips what hacks to", "d4YcLmc4a10-00055-00022775-00023123": "buddy vid IQ, like you got all these programs and all these", "d4YcLmc4a10-00056-00023123-00023486": "different people trying to hack the YouTube algorithm, and", "d4YcLmc4a10-00057-00023486-00023795": "there's an obsession over it. And in the beginning, like,", "d4YcLmc4a10-00058-00023795-00024149": "especially when you're starting, like disregard all that, because", "d4YcLmc4a10-00059-00024149-00024479": "here's a fun fact, like, as a business owner, like, I know", "d4YcLmc4a10-00060-00024479-00024851": "that nobody really is revealing the truth about the YouTube", "d4YcLmc4a10-00061-00024851-00025217": "algorithm, because the value in the YouTube algorithm is the", "d4YcLmc4a10-00062-00025217-00025604": "fact that nobody knows how it really operates. Like the moment", "d4YcLmc4a10-00063-00025604-00025931": "YouTube lets people know what their algorithm is really doing.", "d4YcLmc4a10-00064-00025955-00026336": "That's the moment that YouTube becomes invaluable. So like", "d4YcLmc4a10-00065-00026336-00026630": "there's an obsession over something that very, very few", "d4YcLmc4a10-00066-00026630-00026948": "people truly understand. And these people will never let you", "d4YcLmc4a10-00067-00026948-00027263": "know what the YouTube algorithm really does, because that's the", "d4YcLmc4a10-00068-00027263-00027764": "value of YouTube, its algorithm. So in the beginning, like ignore", "d4YcLmc4a10-00069-00027764-00028055": "all of that because it's a pointless obsession that's going", "d4YcLmc4a10-00070-00028055-00028475": "to drive you down a rabbit hole to a point of no return. And", "d4YcLmc4a10-00071-00028475-00029057": "this feeds into my next lesson. Lesson number three, lesson", "d4YcLmc4a10-00072-00029057-00029528": "number three, which goes on top of lesson number two is to stop", "d4YcLmc4a10-00073-00029531-00029900": "obsessing over all the YouTube advice channels. This was a", "d4YcLmc4a10-00074-00029900-00030206": "problem that I had in the beginning was that I was", "d4YcLmc4a10-00075-00030206-00030665": "constantly watching, studying and trying to obsess over, like", "d4YcLmc4a10-00076-00030665-00030971": "what these YouTube advice channels were saying. And then", "d4YcLmc4a10-00077-00030974-00031343": "ultimately, after, you know, realizing that all of them were", "d4YcLmc4a10-00078-00031343-00031676": "saying the same exact things, just in like my new different", "d4YcLmc4a10-00079-00031676-00032087": "ways, I realized that I just had to focus on myself and push on", "d4YcLmc4a10-00080-00032087-00032492": "my own type of content. in all actuality, I'm super surprised", "d4YcLmc4a10-00081-00032492-00032903": "that there's this many YouTube advice channels. I think YouTube", "d4YcLmc4a10-00082-00032903-00033284": "likes promoting people that talk about YouTube all the time. So", "d4YcLmc4a10-00083-00033284-00033560": "this might be the secret reason why there's so many of these", "d4YcLmc4a10-00084-00033560-00034010": "people who knows, but in the beginning, like, Don't obsess", "d4YcLmc4a10-00085-00034016-00034466": "over the algorithm, nor do not obsess over all these advice", "d4YcLmc4a10-00086-00034466-00034991": "channels, just do you and figure out what is the best way to stay", "d4YcLmc4a10-00087-00034991-00035339": "consistent with your content. That's all I have to say about", "d4YcLmc4a10-00088-00035339-00035369": "that.", "d4YcLmc4a10-00089-00035400-00035853": "So let's move on to Lesson number four. Lesson number four", "d4YcLmc4a10-00090-00035853-00036273": "might be a little bit cliche, but it's really to think big,", "d4YcLmc4a10-00091-00036297-00036714": "but start small, like you and like maybe a lot of other", "d4YcLmc4a10-00092-00036714-00037059": "beginner YouTubers out there, we have this mega vision of", "d4YcLmc4a10-00093-00037059-00037401": "becoming, you know, this million subscriber channel, this", "d4YcLmc4a10-00094-00037401-00037782": "mainstream channel, we're making all this passive income, which,", "d4YcLmc4a10-00095-00037800-00038031": "you know, I have another video for that, that I've already", "d4YcLmc4a10-00096-00038031-00038442": "recorded about what's the fallacy of passive income. But", "d4YcLmc4a10-00097-00038445-00038775": "at the end of the day is like, you might have your vision for", "d4YcLmc4a10-00098-00038775-00039120": "becoming, you know, a big time YouTuber. But at the end of the", "d4YcLmc4a10-00099-00039120-00039459": "day, you have to start small. And whether that's shooting one", "d4YcLmc4a10-00100-00039459-00039894": "video a week, one video a month, who knows who cares, but you", "d4YcLmc4a10-00101-00039894-00040299": "have to start off at your own cadence at your own pace, and", "d4YcLmc4a10-00102-00040299-00040629": "not really worry about what other people are doing, worrying", "d4YcLmc4a10-00103-00040629-00040956": "about how many followers other people have you no fretting over", "d4YcLmc4a10-00104-00040956-00041259": "how many followers you don't have, you know, it's easier said", "d4YcLmc4a10-00105-00041259-00041511": "than done. Like, I wish I had more followers, but I know", "d4YcLmc4a10-00106-00041511-00041934": "that's gonna come in the future, I just have to keep pushing out", "d4YcLmc4a10-00107-00041934-00042282": "consistent high quality content like this, and now eventually", "d4YcLmc4a10-00108-00042282-00042795": "meet my long term goal of becoming no larger YouTuber. So", "d4YcLmc4a10-00109-00042795-00043242": "with all that said, let's move on to Lesson number five. Lesson", "d4YcLmc4a10-00110-00043242-00043734": "number five is huge. And this is essentially, to find your own", "d4YcLmc4a10-00111-00043734-00044238": "voice. This kind of goes back to my whole rant about the", "d4YcLmc4a10-00112-00044262-00044544": "inundation of advice channels, and how I find them to be", "d4YcLmc4a10-00113-00044544-00044940": "practically all the same. Like whatever you do, like do not", "d4YcLmc4a10-00114-00044940-00045321": "copy other people verbatim. Like I know there's only a finite", "d4YcLmc4a10-00115-00045321-00045696": "number of channel topics that people could really, you know,", "d4YcLmc4a10-00116-00045696-00046164": "Master or you know, get into, but whatever lane that you find,", "d4YcLmc4a10-00117-00046182-00046632": "carve out your own path and be uniquely you. Like there's", "d4YcLmc4a10-00118-00046632-00046926": "there's nothing worse than copying other people's YouTubes", "d4YcLmc4a10-00119-00046926-00047250": "or copying other people's intros, or everybody tried to be", "d4YcLmc4a10-00120-00047250-00047580": "like Graham Steffen and smash the like button. I mean, it's", "d4YcLmc4a10-00121-00047580-00048189": "just a find your own voice, Craig chome setup, do you find", "d4YcLmc4a10-00122-00048189-00048528": "out whatever that is, and stick to it. And I guarantee you,", "d4YcLmc4a10-00123-00048528-00048852": "there will be other people that will gravitate to you, because", "d4YcLmc4a10-00124-00048852-00049344": "you're uniquely and authentically you. So with all", "d4YcLmc4a10-00125-00049344-00049782": "that said, let's move on to Lesson number six. Lesson number", "d4YcLmc4a10-00126-00049782-00050247": "six is that scheduling, or the use of the scheduling tool is", "d4YcLmc4a10-00127-00050247-00050613": "your best friend. One of the secrets that I've learned is", "d4YcLmc4a10-00128-00050613-00051126": "that it's best to kind of pre record pre edit, and pre upload", "d4YcLmc4a10-00129-00051126-00051534": "content, if you can. And so the scheduling tool is one of my", "d4YcLmc4a10-00130-00051534-00051972": "favorite tools to use, because I was able, I am able to create", "d4YcLmc4a10-00131-00051975-00052430": "fully polished videos and schedule them to drop in advance", "d4YcLmc4a10-00132-00052454-00052761": "of the date that I actually recorded them on. And this is a", "d4YcLmc4a10-00133-00052761-00053163": "great way for you just to be organized in the beginning,", "d4YcLmc4a10-00134-00053180-00053433": "because it's gonna be really hard to find your cadence to", "d4YcLmc4a10-00135-00053433-00053867": "find your rhythm. I've settled on one video a week, typically", "d4YcLmc4a10-00136-00053867-00054294": "on Wednesdays. And so I'm able to shoot that content and", "d4YcLmc4a10-00137-00054294-00054687": "schedule it out weeks and or months in advance if possible.", "d4YcLmc4a10-00138-00054708-00054941": "So you really want to be organized when you're starting", "d4YcLmc4a10-00139-00054941-00055311": "out. And one of the best tools to help you with that is the is", "d4YcLmc4a10-00140-00055311-00055647": "the scheduling feature on the back end of the YouTube", "d4YcLmc4a10-00141-00055686-00056202": "platform. So moving forward, let's get to my last but", "d4YcLmc4a10-00142-00056202-00056595": "probably most important lesson and last but not least, lesson", "d4YcLmc4a10-00143-00056595-00057167": "number seven is to simply have fun, and just don't quit. Like I", "d4YcLmc4a10-00144-00057167-00057744": "said, this journey if YouTube is so hard, anybody telling you is", "d4YcLmc4a10-00145-00057744-00058185": "not is full of cap like they're lying to you. And in order to", "d4YcLmc4a10-00146-00058185-00058602": "keep persevering through the early stages of your YouTube", "d4YcLmc4a10-00147-00058602-00058878": "journey. Like you have to have fun with this like, figure out", "d4YcLmc4a10-00148-00058878-00059322": "how to gamify it you know, maybe reward yourself after shooting a", "d4YcLmc4a10-00149-00059322-00059717": "video on uploading video, who knows, but you just have to stay", "d4YcLmc4a10-00150-00059717-00060080": "the course and you just have to make fun out of The process", "d4YcLmc4a10-00151-00060080-00060453": "don't like don't worry about the end destination, fall in love", "d4YcLmc4a10-00152-00060453-00060837": "with this process. Like I said, this journey has been super,", "d4YcLmc4a10-00153-00060837-00061428": "super rewarding. I've had my ups and downs. Some days I wanted to", "d4YcLmc4a10-00154-00061428-00061776": "quit sometimes I was like, no, forget YouTube, I'll just do", "d4YcLmc4a10-00155-00061776-00062136": "something else. But like, I still find the energy and the", "d4YcLmc4a10-00156-00062136-00062526": "passion, you know, to keep moving forward with my YouTube", "d4YcLmc4a10-00157-00062526-00062994": "content creation journey. So I really hope these seven lesses", "d4YcLmc4a10-00158-00062997-00063471": "lessons added value to you. And yeah, that's all I have for you", "d4YcLmc4a10-00159-00063513-00064095": "for right now. So in some, this journey of becoming a YouTuber,", "d4YcLmc4a10-00160-00064095-00064587": "my first six months has been full of its pros and cons, its", "d4YcLmc4a10-00161-00064596-00064935": "highs and lows, but I'm really having a blast", "d4YcLmc4a10-00162-00064962-00065025": "Unknown: with", "d4YcLmc4a10-00163-00065052-00065487": "Craig Chavis Jr.: becoming a YouTuber. By far, becoming a", "d4YcLmc4a10-00164-00065487-00065754": "YouTuber and learning how to create content, how to shoot", "d4YcLmc4a10-00165-00065754-00066162": "videos, edit videos, how to create value on screen has", "d4YcLmc4a10-00166-00066162-00066627": "helped me across all my lines of business. And if you're brand", "d4YcLmc4a10-00167-00066627-00066948": "new YouTuber, and you don't have a lot of followers, like like I", "d4YcLmc4a10-00168-00066948-00067377": "do at the moment, just keep going like, do you stay the", "d4YcLmc4a10-00169-00067377-00067812": "course don't settle and have a lot of fun with this journey.", "d4YcLmc4a10-00170-00067875-00068382": "And so as I do with all my videos, I have a question of the", "d4YcLmc4a10-00171-00068382-00068865": "day. And so for anybody who's watching, like, what motivates", "d4YcLmc4a10-00172-00068865-00069540": "you to continue posting content, even when you have not that many", "d4YcLmc4a10-00173-00069540-00069894": "subscribers. So what keeps you motivated? Even though you don't", "d4YcLmc4a10-00174-00069894-00070284": "have a lot of subscribers here on YouTube? I'm really curious", "d4YcLmc4a10-00175-00070284-00070620": "to hear your thoughts, so please be sure to drop your comments", "d4YcLmc4a10-00176-00070623-00071085": "below. If you want to become the entrepreneur of your life. You", "d4YcLmc4a10-00177-00071085-00071373": "can begin this process today by subscribing to this channel.", "d4YcLmc4a10-00178-00071436-00071739": "Also, please be sure to click the notification bell to be", "d4YcLmc4a10-00179-00071739-00072201": "alerted for never new content drops. Until next time"}}, {"audio_id": "d4ZayMda664", "text": {"d4ZayMda664-00000-00000026-00000354": "In this video, I will tell you a bit more about little big histories.", "d4ZayMda664-00001-00000354-00000712": "And a little big history assignment you will have to complete in order to pass", "d4ZayMda664-00002-00000712-00000780": "this course.", "d4ZayMda664-00003-00001429-00001827": "Little big histories are studies in which you take a relatively small subject and", "d4ZayMda664-00004-00001827-00002103": "link that to aspects of all major phases in big history.", "d4ZayMda664-00005-00002259-00002614": "They allow you to explore big history in a structured and systematic way, and", "d4ZayMda664-00006-00002614-00002965": "as a result, keep you from getting lost in the vastness of the fields.", "d4ZayMda664-00007-00003080-00003506": "At the same time, they allow you to link things that happened a long time ago and", "d4ZayMda664-00008-00003506-00003965": "often very far away to something that is close to you and as a result,", "d4ZayMda664-00009-00003965-00004195": "make distant events and processes come to life.", "d4ZayMda664-00010-00004365-00004611": "All in all, creating a little big history", "d4ZayMda664-00011-00004611-00004880": "is a good way to get actively engaged in big history.", "d4ZayMda664-00012-00004998-00005424": "In fact, the little big history approach was invented to help you do just that.", "d4ZayMda664-00013-00005567-00005795": "But while developing the little big history approach,", "d4ZayMda664-00014-00005795-00005961": "we stumbled upon aN additional advantage.", "d4ZayMda664-00015-00006106-00006266": "While creating your little big history,", "d4ZayMda664-00016-00006266-00006712": "you'll notice that it will be relatively easy to come up with your own new ideas", "d4ZayMda664-00017-00006712-00007080": "simply because you probably never have heard or read about connections between", "d4ZayMda664-00018-00007080-00007384": "a little big history subject like a cup of tea and say,", "d4ZayMda664-00019-00007384-00007770": "Jupiter's moons, the evolution of insects or the Industrial Revolution before.", "d4ZayMda664-00020-00007952-00008334": "Often, disciplinary boundaries discourage the creation of publications or", "d4ZayMda664-00021-00008334-00008653": "courses that deal with such seemingly different subjects.", "d4ZayMda664-00022-00008653-00009067": "But because big history politely disregards such disciplinary boundaries,", "d4ZayMda664-00023-00009067-00009409": "it does allow and in fact, encourage you to think about such links and thus,", "d4ZayMda664-00024-00009409-00009689": "provides opportunities to discover interesting new things.", "d4ZayMda664-00025-00009842-00010219": "For example, when thinking about a connection between the cup of tea and", "d4ZayMda664-00026-00010219-00010649": "Jupiter's moon, Europa, you may find that both partly consist out of liquid water.", "d4ZayMda664-00027-00010753-00011174": "You may also find that liquid water cannot exist in many places in our solar system", "d4ZayMda664-00028-00011174-00011431": "besides Europa, Earth, and a few other bodies.", "d4ZayMda664-00029-00011537-00011767": "Why do think that is the case?", "d4ZayMda664-00030-00011767-00012227": "In other words, what special conditions on Earth and in Europa allow for", "d4ZayMda664-00031-00012227-00012438": "cups of tea to exist in these places?", "d4ZayMda664-00032-00012619-00012919": "When thinking about a connection between your cup of tea and", "d4ZayMda664-00033-00012919-00013274": "the evolution of insects, you may find that during their evolution,", "d4ZayMda664-00034-00013274-00013514": "insects became dependent on plants for food and", "d4ZayMda664-00035-00013514-00013859": "plants became dependent on insects for the spread of their pollen.", "d4ZayMda664-00036-00013859-00014343": "Did insects perhaps become extra dependent on tea plants because they got a buzz", "d4ZayMda664-00037-00014343-00014561": "from the caffeine they contained?", "d4ZayMda664-00038-00014561-00015006": "In other words, were the addictive properties of caffeine in tea,", "d4ZayMda664-00039-00015006-00015336": "properties many people enjoy, originally developed for bees?", "d4ZayMda664-00040-00015558-00015896": "When thinking about a connection between tea and the Industrial Revolution,", "d4ZayMda664-00041-00015896-00016251": "you may find that tea became very popular among British factory workers,", "d4ZayMda664-00042-00016251-00016397": "partly because it kept them going.", "d4ZayMda664-00043-00016497-00016773": "You may also find that the British indirectly tried to pay for", "d4ZayMda664-00044-00016773-00016926": "their tea with opium in China.", "d4ZayMda664-00045-00017075-00017288": "What consequences do you think this had for China?", "d4ZayMda664-00046-00017407-00017845": "To what extent did a simple cup of tea influence the demise of the mighty Chinese", "d4ZayMda664-00047-00017845-00017985": "empire in the 19th century?", "d4ZayMda664-00048-00018203-00018544": "I will discuss these and many more links but more obvious and", "d4ZayMda664-00049-00018544-00018833": "unexpected ones in more detail at the end of each module.", "d4ZayMda664-00050-00018942-00019329": "I hope that by doing so, by the end of the course, I will have changed the way you", "d4ZayMda664-00051-00019329-00019623": "think about the world's most popular hot drink, and", "d4ZayMda664-00052-00019623-00019906": "will have convinced you of the potential of the little big history approach.", "d4ZayMda664-00053-00020052-00020466": "Doing this is not the only goal of the little big history videos though.", "d4ZayMda664-00054-00020466-00020831": "They are also meant to inspire you to create your own little big history", "d4ZayMda664-00055-00020831-00020964": "about a subject of your choice.", "d4ZayMda664-00056-00021082-00021240": "This subject can be anything.", "d4ZayMda664-00057-00021240-00021659": "Over the past years, I've seen very good little big histories of things ranging", "d4ZayMda664-00058-00021659-00022128": "from concrete objects, like a glass of beer, always popular among students, or", "d4ZayMda664-00059-00022128-00022554": "a smartphone, to more complex concepts, like religion or general relativity.", "d4ZayMda664-00060-00022698-00022957": "Simply pick something you're genuinely interested in and", "d4ZayMda664-00061-00022957-00023105": "would like to learn some new things about.", "d4ZayMda664-00062-00023351-00023647": "The little big history assignments which will be peer reviewed is the main", "d4ZayMda664-00063-00023647-00023853": "assignment for this course.", "d4ZayMda664-00064-00023853-00024168": "Completing the assignments, along with a number of multiple choice tests,", "d4ZayMda664-00065-00024168-00024316": "will allow you to pass the course.", "d4ZayMda664-00066-00024316-00024762": "But more importantly, I hope that completing the assignment will encourage", "d4ZayMda664-00067-00024762-00025165": "you, not just to listen to what my colleges and I will tell you about big", "d4ZayMda664-00068-00025165-00025611": "history, but also to actively start exploring the field and develop your own", "d4ZayMda664-00069-00025611-00026087": "thoughts about big history and about a little big history subject you care about."}}, {"audio_id": "d5j-EEM6JYg", "text": {"d5j-EEM6JYg-00000-00000110-00000263": "Daniel J. Brat: Thank you for the introduction. And I'd like", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00001-00000263-00000963": "to thank the organizers for giving me this chance to present on behalf of the TCGA Lower", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00002-00001151-00001739": "Grade Gliomas Analysis Working Group on the integrative genomic characterization of this", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00003-00001739-00002348": "very interesting group of tumors that are shown here. So this is one example of a lower-grade", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00004-00002348-00002789": "glioma, and this is the pathology. And compared to the normal brain over here, you can see", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00005-00002789-00003380": "the infiltrative nature of this disease. The background is whiter, and that represents", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00006-00003380-00003894": "a lot of edema that's being generated by the infiltration of these tumor cells. This is", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00007-00003894-00004594": "a family of neoplasms, rather than one specific type, and the WHO classification of the lower-grade", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00008-00004744-00005444": "gliomas is shown here. They include astrocytomas of grades II and III, oligodendrogliomas of", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00009-00005444-00006142": "grades II and III, and oligoastrocytomas of grades II and III. These tumors are thought", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00010-00006142-00006754": "to be biologically related, but the data for that has not been complete. They're all uniformly", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00011-00006754-00007454": "fatal, but the time of survival varies considerably from about one year to 15 years. Many of the", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00012-00007822-00008470": "tumors with astrocytic lineage do progress to glioblastoma. That has been the subject", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00013-00008470-00009170": "of a previous TCGA investigation, and you'll hear some references to that in my talk.", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00014-00009192-00009892": "Now unfortunately, the classification of gliomas is not as simple as this in practical terms.", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00015-00010232-00010603": "At the end of the spectrum -- the ends of the biologic spectrum, we have astrocytomas", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00016-00010603-00011267": "of grades II and III, and these tumors are characterized by the infiltration of these", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00017-00011267-00011818": "tumor cells that are dark and large, they are hyper-chromatic, they are irregular in", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00018-00011818-00012495": "shape. They are known from previous studies to be characterized by IDH mutations, TP53", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00019-00012495-00013149": "mutations, ATRX mutations, and under the microscope a neuropathologists can prognosticate these", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00020-00013149-00013830": "and grade them based on morphologic appearance. Grades II have about a 60-month mean survival,", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00021-00013830-00014387": "whereas grades III have a 36-month survival. These are the tumors that will progress to", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00022-00014387-00015087": "glioblastoma, and represent secondary glioblastomas when they progress along these lines.", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00023-00015094-00015411": "Oligodendrogliomas on the other hand, are characterized as infiltrative tumors that", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00024-00015411-00016111": "have these round, regular nuclei, peri-nuclear halos, the so-called fried egg, or honeycomb", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00025-00016111-00016679": "appearance. They are characterized by, again, IDH mutations, which you'll hear a lot about", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00026-00016679-00017365": "today, and 1p/19q co-deletion is kind of their genomic signature, or at least of a subset", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00027-00017365-00018065": "of them. They also have CIC mutations, FUBP1 mutations, and mutations in the TERT promoter.", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00028-00018066-00018654": "They in general have a better prognosis grade for grade then astrocytomas, and it is important", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00029-00018654-00019329": "to recognize these, because they are deemed to be more chemo-sensitive as a group.", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00030-00019329-00019754": "Now those oligos and astros that I've just shown, I think everybody would agree with", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00031-00019754-00020316": "their classification. The problem in classification, and therefore, biologic understanding is that", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00032-00020316-00020941": "there is a large set of tumors that are called oligoastrocytomas that seem to have both these", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00033-00020941-00021518": "round, regular oligodendroglioma cells and large hyper-chromatic, irregular astrocytoma", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00034-00021518-00022145": "cells. There is also a group that are just morphologically ambiguous, and well-trained,", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00035-00022145-00022598": "well-intentioned neuropathologists will disagree on what to call these. So there is a real", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00036-00022598-00023144": "problem in our classification and biologic understanding of this family of neoplasms.", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00037-00023144-00023640": "Part of this has to do that we are still using the same histogenic classification of these", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00038-00023640-00024221": "neoplasms that we have used for almost a century now. At the time of Harvey Cushing's and Percival", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00039-00024221-00024921": "Bailey's classification based on presumed histogenesis of these tumors, you'll see that", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00040-00024935-00025635": "they used terms, like astrocytoma, and oligodendroglioma, and glioblastoma nearly a century ago. And", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00041-00025810-00026450": "interestingly, there is no mention of oligoastrocytoma in this paradigm, and chances are we will", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00042-00026450-00026914": "be returning to this in the future based on some of our studies.", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00043-00026914-00027585": "So even back a century ago, the authors of these original classifiers said it is impossible", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00044-00027585-00028031": "to classify these tumors as oligo versus astro. Under the microscope they appear just like", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00045-00028031-00028675": "one another, and the dirty little secret of our neuropathology community is that we really", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00046-00028675-00029375": "only have 60 to 70 percent concordance among neuropathologists -- so there is a lot of", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00047-00029538-00030050": "inter-observer variability, and in fact, there is a lot of intra-observer variability. So", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00048-00030050-00030625": "we have a problem in our classification and understanding, and it's clinically meaningful.", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00049-00030625-00031120": "That is, there are neuro-oncologists around the country and internationally that have", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00050-00031120-00031701": "really criticized our histologic classification, and are just dying for a better molecular", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00051-00031701-00032387": "classifier that is more reproducible and clinically meaningful, because these tumors that we're", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00052-00032387-00032994": "going to be discussing are treated in a different way by watchful waiting, chemotherapy, different", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00053-00032994-00033317": "doses of radiation, et cetera.", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00054-00033317-00034017": "So I was more than thrilled when the TCGA decided to launch a study on the lower-grade", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00055-00034251-00034951": "gliomas. And many of you are from the institutions listed here. You are well aware of the pipeline", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00056-00035026-00035657": "that goes from tissue sample to analytic extraction sequencing, et cetera, and then finally, the", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00057-00035657-00036251": "integrative data analysis that I'm going to be telling you about. The goal is the analysis", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00058-00036251-00036941": "of 500 lower-grade gliomas. A surprise to some people is that we have already exceeded", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00059-00036941-00037528": "that goal of collecting more than 500 lower-grade gliomas, and they've been analyzed on the", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00060-00037528-00038225": "platforms listed here. Again, many of you in the audience are from these institutions,", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00061-00038225-00038911": "and have done a wonderful job leading these centers. At the time of the data freeze, which", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00062-00038911-00039611": "was a slow freeze with some thaws, we had about 293 cases with overlapping data on 254", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00063-00039988-00040672": "for the major platforms involved. And these are the platforms and the numbers of samples", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00064-00040672-00041255": "for each of those platforms. So we are in the process of finishing up our first biomarker", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00065-00041255-00041781": "manuscript, and hopefully it will be submitted within a couple of weeks.", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00066-00041781-00042481": "So a very important slide is shown right here, and I'm going to go over it in some detail.", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00067-00042546-00043165": "It is the analysis of significantly mutated genes in the lower-grade gliomas, and it has", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00068-00043165-00043833": "been separated into specific mutational classes. So in summary, I think you need to know that", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00069-00043833-00044533": "IDH mutations occur in 80 percent of lower-grade gliomas. We are going to call those the IDH", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00070-00044624-00045324": "mutant lower-grade gliomas, and you can see those are the blue bars, IDH1 and IDH2, isocitrate", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00071-00045349-00046049": "dehydrogenase right here. These are IDH wild type. Now within the IDH mutant group there", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00072-00046146-00046846": "seems to be two classes of mutations. One shown here, dominated by P53 mutations and", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00073-00047230-00047930": "ATRX mutations, those are mostly astrocytomas and oligoastrocytomas. The other subset does", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00074-00048080-00048780": "not have P53 mutations, but has these CIC mutations, FUBP1 mutations, and Notch1 mutations,", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00075-00048997-00049697": "also PIK3CA mutations. These are mostly oligodendrogliomas, and they are also characterized by a loss", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00076-00050038-00050626": "of 1p and 19q chromosomal arms that we'll go into.", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00077-00050626-00051326": "So the IDH wild type tumors are an interesting subgroup, okay? This represents 20 percent", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00078-00051384-00052084": "of the tumors, and they don't have these characteristic mutations in ATRX, TP53, for the most part;", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00079-00052091-00052791": "they don't have these mutations either in CIC, FUBP1, or Notch. Instead, they have mutations", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00080-00052864-00053564": "in genes like EGFR, NF1, PTEN, PIK3CA, as well. Those are mutations that are more typical", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00081-00054062-00054762": "of glioblastoma and IDH wild type glioblastoma, the highest grade of diffused glioma. So it's", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00082-00054895-00055561": "apparent that there's three mutational classes of these lower-grade gliomas based on significantly", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00083-00055561-00055779": "mutated genes.", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00084-00055779-00056282": "When we look at copy number alterations, we can look at it in a couple different ways.", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00085-00056282-00056982": "If we look at it by histology, by oligodendroglioma, oligoastrocytoma, and astrocytoma, we'll see", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00086-00057045-00057745": "that there are characteristic 1p and 19q losses in oligodendroglioma, but they are also seen", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00087-00057816-00058386": "in other histology types. We also see that there is gains on Chromosomes 7 seen in all", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00088-00058386-00058967": "histology types, losses on Chromosome 10 in all histology types with some clustering.", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00089-00058967-00059667": "However, if we look at unsupervised clustering, shown here, you have really tight clustering", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00090-00059930-00060612": "of specific gains and losses in specific subsets. So this is, again, just unsupervised clustering,", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00091-00060612-00061312": "and we have gains of 7, and losses on 10 in one specific group. Those happen to be that", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00092-00061312-00061994": "IDH wild type group of lower-grade gliomas that have the mutations like glioblastoma.", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00093-00061994-00062694": "1p and 19q losses correspond to this molecular cluster, which is the group that has the CIC,", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00094-00062870-00063570": "FUBP1, and is mostly oligodendrogliomas. And then, this group is mostly astrocytomas, and", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00095-00063580-00064261": "oligoastrocytomas that have the P53 mutations and the ATRX mutations; and they're characterized", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00096-00064261-00064961": "by a frequent 8q24 amplification event that occurs in the region of MIC and includes MIC.", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00097-00065173-00065873": "So based on copy number, and mutational findings we did another unsupervised clustering -- this", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00098-00066107-00066807": "is an algorithm called OncoSign developed by Giovanni at Memorial Sloan-Kettering -- and", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00099-00066822-00067419": "it takes into account both the mutations and copy number alterations, and focal deletions", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00100-00067419-00068119": "and amplifications as well. And by employing this algorithm, again, there were three subgroups", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00101-00068264-00068964": "of lower-grade gliomas that came out called OSC 1, OSC 2, and OSC 3. And what we found", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00102-00069050-00069750": "is that OSC 1 was IDH wild type gliomas that had findings of glioblastoma, CDKN2A loss,", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00103-00070024-00070724": "EGFR amplification of mutation, PTEN mutation, and NF1 mutation. OSC 2 was the IDH mutant", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00104-00070741-00071441": "1p/19q intact group with the P53, and ATRX mutations always in the setting of IDH mutations.", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00105-00071552-00072252": "And OSC 3 was the IDH mutant 1p/19q co-deleted that also had the FUBP1, Notch1, and CIC mutations.", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00106-00072501-00072982": "So three distinct subgroups based on unsupervised clustering.", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00107-00072982-00073435": "Some of the other groups that we -- some of the other platforms also yielded interesting", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00108-00073435-00074135": "results. This is the DNA methylation status, and you'll see that there's five distinct", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00109-00074282-00074974": "subgroups based on methylation status. This group that has relatively lower levels of", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00110-00074974-00075674": "methylation is IDH wild type. This is in stark contrast to the GBMs, the de novo GBMs that", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00111-00075688-00076388": "are almost entirely all relatively under-methylated and IDH wild type. And then the other sets", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00112-00076567-00077061": "include IDH mutant, which have that GE simp [spelled phonetically], or hyper-methylater", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00113-00077061-00077761": "type, but these are divided into P53 and ATRX mutant forms, and IDH mutant 1p/19q co-deleted.", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00114-00078023-00078723": "There is also a very small subset that we find interesting that was relatively under-methylated", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00115-00078795-00079373": "compared to others. That would probably be IDH wild type as well, but they are not clustered", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00116-00079373-00079854": "as well in terms of recurrent genomic alterations.", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00117-00079854-00080554": "Gene expression analysis yielded four strong subsets. Again, these gene expressions subsets", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00118-00080597-00081297": "seem to correlate with IDH status and 1p/19q. So the purple group right here, which is a", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00119-00081392-00082092": "tight cluster on gene expression analysis, includes mostly the IDH mutant 1p/19q co-deletions.", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00120-00082352-00083052": "This expression group includes mostly the IDH mutant, P53 mutant group; and this group", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00121-00083067-00083767": "represents mostly IDH wild type. There is a fourth group that was very mixed in its", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00122-00084091-00084791": "histology as a molecular classes, but it clearly had a defined signature as the more pro-neural,", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00123-00084858-00085448": "or neuroblastic using multiple types of gene signatures.", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00124-00085448-00086148": "So based on these individual platforms of copy number, methylation, gene expression", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00125-00086166-00086775": "-- and I didn't talk about micro RNA expression, but we came up with four classes using that", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00126-00086775-00087404": "platform as well -- there were between three and five molecular classes: three based on", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00127-00087404-00088104": "copy number that was very strong and tight, five based on methylation, four based on gene", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00128-00088182-00088817": "expression, and four based on micro RNA. So it's possible to take each of these clusters", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00129-00088817-00089457": "for each case and do a cluster of cluster analysis to see what the overlaps of these", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00130-00089457-00090157": "individual clusters on individual platforms would be. And this was a very nice analysis", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00131-00090167-00090867": "done by Mia Gifford and Sophie Salama, which again reiterates that biologically there are", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00132-00090899-00091599": "three very tightly -- tight clusters that are robust and clinically meaningful.", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00133-00091695-00092164": "So if we look at all the clusters located here on the left-hand access, you can see", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00134-00092164-00092864": "micro RNA, RNA expression, methylation, copy number. And then this group right here is", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00135-00092868-00093485": "a clear tight cluster, and those are the IDH wild type, lower-grade gliomas that have the", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00136-00093485-00094185": "genomic alterations, like GBM. These are the IDH mutant co-deletion tumors that are rich", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00137-00094239-00094875": "in oligodendrogliomas, have IDH mutations, and 1p/19q deletions; and these are the IDH", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00138-00094875-00095575": "mutant, non-co-deleted tumors that have P53 mutations, ATRX mutations. So there's three", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00139-00095892-00096592": "very robust, non-overlapping, lower-grade glioma tumor types. You'll also recognize", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00140-00096637-00097217": "from this that we have kind of an astrocytoma signature, and an oligodendroglioma signature,", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00141-00097217-00097825": "if you will. The molecular data does not support a mixed histology group, so although there", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00142-00097825-00098525": "may be mixed histology or ambiguous morphology under the microscope, the molecular finding", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00143-00098536-00098763": "is going to cut these in two.", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00144-00098763-00099463": "Is this clinically relevant? Well, we think so. You can see the survival curves and progression-free", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00145-00099527-00100227": "survival, or event-free survival, really separate these tumor types based on IDH and 1p/19q", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00146-00100241-00100941": "status. This is the IDH mutant 1p/19q co-deleted, 1p/19q intact, and IDH wild type gliomas;", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00147-00101391-00102091": "and we separate them very nicely based on overall survival, and progression-free survival.", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00148-00102227-00102688": "We then want to look at the IDH wild type group, because they seem to have the molecular", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00149-00102688-00103376": "signatures of glioblastoma, the highest-grade form of astrocytoma. And in fact, we saw that", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00150-00103376-00104076": "the lower-grade gliomas that were IDH wild type had almost the exact frequency and types", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00151-00104079-00104779": "of mutations as IDH wild type glioblastoma, including P53, PTEN, EGFR amplification, and", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00152-00104942-00105642": "CDKN2A amplification. But also, on the less frequently mutated genes, they were very similar", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00153-00106150-00106850": "in nature. Similarly, we found that specific oncogenic gene fusions noted in the IDH wild", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00154-00107042-00107742": "type lower-grade gliomas were very similar to GBMs; they included the FGFR3 translocations", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00155-00107824-00108524": "and EGFR gene fusions that are believed to be oncogenic in similar frequency to the GBMs.", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00156-00108622-00109322": "So in fact, the lower-grade gliomas that are IDH wild type really have the molecular findings", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00157-00109398-00110025": "and the outcomes of glioblastoma, rather than the other lower-grade gliomas that are IDH", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00158-00110025-00110692": "mutant. This is a very important step in the field of neuro-oncology, to be sure. What", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00159-00110692-00111352": "does this mean for therapy? Well, the RPPA analysis did shed some light on that. There", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00160-00111352-00111823": "were certain proteins that were up-regulated in this IDH wild type group that might be", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00161-00111823-00112523": "targets of therapy, and certainly Tyrosine Kinases, like EGFR, c-Met, HER2, might be", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00162-00112707-00112910": "targets of therapy.", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00163-00112910-00113417": "So in summary, six histologic diagnoses can be distilled into three robust, clinically", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00164-00113417-00114117": "relevant molecular classes: IDH mutant, 1p/19q co-deleted tumors have CIC, FUBP1, TERT promoter,", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00165-00114402-00115065": "Notch, and PIK3CA mutations; IDH mutant non-co-deleted tumors are characterized by P53, ATRX and", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00166-00115065-00115564": "8q24 amplifications; and the IDH wild type lower-grade gliomas really have molecular", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00167-00115564-00116223": "alterations and clinical behavior similar to GBM. So thank you very much for listening,", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00168-00116223-00116651": "and I'd like to thank the Analysis Working Group, and the leaders of it. This has really", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00169-00116651-00117109": "been an incredible project for me to help lead.", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00170-00117109-00117295": "[applause]", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00171-00117295-00117995": "Han Liang: We have a question -- time for one question.", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00172-00118045-00118048": "Daniel J. Brat: One question?", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00173-00118048-00118301": "Male Speaker: Yeah. The question is really what is the major", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00174-00118301-00118813": "difference between the IDH wild type and GBM? You know, they are very similar, right? Because", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00175-00118813-00119196": "histologically, they are a little bit different. Is there any molecular differences? Because", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00176-00119196-00119634": "you are saying the mutation profile is the same, everything is the same, but there must", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00177-00119634-00119830": "be some maybe some epigenetically different or something?", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00178-00119830-00120238": "Daniel J. Brat: Yeah, at the genomic level, copy number, and", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00179-00120238-00120938": "mutations, they are virtually the same. In terms of survival, the IDH wild type LGGs", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00180-00121145-00121578": "may have a slightly improved survival; and then if you look at gene expression analysis,", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00181-00121578-00122078": "they're not the same biologically per se. I think the introduction of necrosis and hypoxia", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00182-00122078-00122748": "into GBMs does lead them to segregate themselves based on gene expression profiling; so slightly", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00183-00122748-00122958": "different biologically, but genomically identical.", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00184-00122958-00123258": "Male Speaker: So you think this is -- could be epigenomically", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00185-00123258-00123300": "different?", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00186-00123300-00123588": "Daniel J. Brat: Epigenomically they look very similar.", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00187-00123588-00123949": "Male Speaker: Oh really?", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00188-00123949-00124475": "Han Liang: So at TCGA there are huge amount of data.", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00189-00124475-00125038": "The fundamental question is how to use this genomic data to guide patient care. So our", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00190-00125038-00125735": "next speaker will -- is Dr. Andrew Mungall from British Columbia Cancer Agency. He wrote", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00191-00125735-00126347": "about how to use TCGA data to inform precision medicine in late-stage cancer settings.", "d5j-EEM6JYg-00192-00126347-00126373": "[end of transcript]"}}, {"audio_id": "d5mGBgVhKAo", "text": {"d5mGBgVhKAo-00000-00000760-00001696": "Okay, so this is my empty history. I'm going to call it “Galaxy 101”. And at this point I'm going", "d5mGBgVhKAo-00001-00001696-00002496": "to upload data. I'm going to press “Paste/Fetch data”, and I'm going to paste these two URLs from", "d5mGBgVhKAo-00002-00002496-00003464": "the tutorial here, and click “Start”. This will create two new datasets in the history. Okay,", "d5mGBgVhKAo-00003-00003464-00004088": "you can expand datasets to look, to figure out what's inside, to have a peek what's inside. I'm", "d5mGBgVhKAo-00004-00004088-00004632": "going to rename them so they have more descriptive names. I'm going to call this one “Exons”.", "d5mGBgVhKAo-00005-00004952-00006280": "And this one I will call “SNPs”. Okay, so the first thing to do is to intersect Exons with SNPs,", "d5mGBgVhKAo-00006-00006280-00006792": "to figure out which exons actually contain SNPs. In order to do this, I will go to “BED”", "d5mGBgVhKAo-00007-00006912-00007528": "and find the tool which is called, “bedtools intersect intervals”.", "d5mGBgVhKAo-00008-00007720-00008440": "This tool intersects one dataset with another. So dataset A with dataset B. In our case dataset A", "d5mGBgVhKAo-00009-00008440-00009352": "is exons, and dataset B is SNPs. So let's select “Exons” here. You can either select your datasets", "d5mGBgVhKAo-00010-00009352-00009792": "from the history using this drop-down, or, you can drag them directly like this.", "d5mGBgVhKAo-00011-00009952-00010552": "So we're intersecting exons with SNPs. We don't care whether they're on the same strand or not.", "d5mGBgVhKAo-00012-00010552-00011184": "And the way we're going to intersect them is we're going to select this option. So what this", "d5mGBgVhKAo-00013-00011184-00011824": "means is that for every exon, we're going to list all SNPs that overlap, that lie within that exon.", "d5mGBgVhKAo-00014-00011888-00012568": "So our file A is “Exons”, file B is “SNPs” and here we choose “Write the original query in B", "d5mGBgVhKAo-00015-00012568-00013200": "for each overlap”. And let's leave all the other options as they are. And click “Execute”.", "d5mGBgVhKAo-00016-00013391-00013888": "So you can see that this will create a new dataset. So every tool you're going to run", "d5mGBgVhKAo-00017-00013888-00014519": "is going to create additional datasets in history. And let's look at this dataset.", "d5mGBgVhKAo-00018-00014519-00015191": "So we can click on that eye icon, and what you see here is that you have the exon information,", "d5mGBgVhKAo-00019-00015256-00015872": "and next to it is the SNP information. And here it's kind of very easy to see how many", "d5mGBgVhKAo-00020-00015872-00016416": "SNPs per exon we have. So for example this is the same exon because it has the same IDs,", "d5mGBgVhKAo-00021-00016512-00017336": "and it has two different SNPs. So really we can count how many SNPs we have per exon just by", "d5mGBgVhKAo-00022-00017336-00018232": "counting lines with unique exon IDs. So let's look at this file a little bit more; so here", "d5mGBgVhKAo-00023-00018232-00018648": "you have chromosome, this is a start position, this is end position, this is ID of the exon,", "d5mGBgVhKAo-00024-00018752-00019040": "this is some score field we're not using here, this is strand.", "d5mGBgVhKAo-00025-00019120-00019544": "And for SNPs we have a similar file, just without the strand information. We have: chromosome,", "d5mGBgVhKAo-00026-00019544-00020400": "start, end, and ID of that particular SNP. So to do this in a more scientifically accurate way:", "d5mGBgVhKAo-00027-00020456-00021520": "let's group this dataset by exon ID, and within each group, for example these two exons will form", "d5mGBgVhKAo-00028-00021520-00022112": "one group because, well actually it's going to be group of five, you can see here it's,", "d5mGBgVhKAo-00029-00022112-00022616": "no sorry, it's going to be a group of four, because they have the same ID. So this exon has", "d5mGBgVhKAo-00030-00022616-00023488": "four SNPs because here you have these SNPs with different IDs So a proper way of doing this is to", "d5mGBgVhKAo-00031-00023488-00024424": "group this by exon ID, and count how many unique SNP IDs we have within that group. Well we have", "d5mGBgVhKAo-00032-00024488-00025112": "a very good tool for that purpose, it's called “Datamash”, it mashes data. So let's use this.", "d5mGBgVhKAo-00033-00025208-00025688": "The dataset we want to run this operation on is this, the output of our intersect.", "d5mGBgVhKAo-00034-00025832-00026872": "We want to group by field 4 because remember this is where our exon ID is. Now the operation", "d5mGBgVhKAo-00035-00026872-00027448": "that we're going to do is we're going to do we're going to “Count unique values”,", "d5mGBgVhKAo-00036-00027448-00028183": "and we're going to count unique values in this column 10, because column 10 contains SNP IDs,", "d5mGBgVhKAo-00037-00028392-00028576": "And let's run it see what happens.", "d5mGBgVhKAo-00038-00028839-00029560": "And this is the dataset that we got. So in this dataset we have exon ID, and this is the", "d5mGBgVhKAo-00039-00029560-00030416": "count of unique SNPs within this exon. Let's find which exons, let's see what's the top", "d5mGBgVhKAo-00040-00030416-00030760": "five exons with the highest number of SNPs. And for this we're essentially", "d5mGBgVhKAo-00041-00030760-00031416": "going to sort this dataset. We’re going to go here, click “Sort”. Select this dataset,", "d5mGBgVhKAo-00042-00031416-00031895": "the output of datamash, and we are going to sort on column 2 because it contains", "d5mGBgVhKAo-00043-00031895-00032480": "counts. It's a numerical sort in descending order meaning that the maximum value will be on top.", "d5mGBgVhKAo-00044-00032792-00033528": "And so now this dataset is sorted, we can take a look. And the winner here is the exon with 27", "d5mGBgVhKAo-00045-00033584-00034304": "SNPs in it. Let's restrict this dataset to just top-five exons. And for this I'm going to go to", "d5mGBgVhKAo-00046-00034304-00035104": "“Text Manipulation”, and select “Select First” tool which selects first lines from dataset.", "d5mGBgVhKAo-00047-00035176-00035696": "And I'll tell the tool to select the first 5 lines from this dataset,", "d5mGBgVhKAo-00048-00035816-00036816": "and run it. Now let's look at this. We have these five winners, five exons with the highest number", "d5mGBgVhKAo-00049-00036816-00037264": "of SNPs in them. And wouldn't it be nice to visualize this data in the genome browser?", "d5mGBgVhKAo-00050-00037368-00037808": "The only problem with that is that while doing all these operations we actually lost all the", "d5mGBgVhKAo-00051-00037808-00038448": "start and end coordinates, because remember they were there in the original files, start and end.", "d5mGBgVhKAo-00052-00038448-00039088": "So we need to somehow to get them back. And let's do this, so I will go to this", "d5mGBgVhKAo-00053-00039160-00039872": "section, find the tool called “Compare two datasets”, and I will be comparing exons, here,", "d5mGBgVhKAo-00054-00039984-00040312": "against this last dataset, it's already selected.", "d5mGBgVhKAo-00055-00040440-00041328": "Let me scroll here. So in the first dataset, in “Exons”, we are interested in column 4", "d5mGBgVhKAo-00056-00041328-00041848": "because it contains the name, but in the last dataset it's column 1 that contains", "d5mGBgVhKAo-00057-00041848-00042400": "the name. So we are essentially intersecting exons, we're comparing exons, using column 4,", "d5mGBgVhKAo-00058-00042400-00043584": "with this “select first” dataset on column 1. And we obviously want to keep rows that match", "d5mGBgVhKAo-00059-00043792-00044312": "And you will see that now we have all the information about these exons,", "d5mGBgVhKAo-00060-00044312-00044608": "we have their coordinates, so now we can visualize them in a genome browser.", "d5mGBgVhKAo-00061-00044712-00045440": "To do this we expand the dataset, and normally you would see display at UCSC link here,", "d5mGBgVhKAo-00062-00045496-00046112": "but in this case Galaxy doesn't know which genome to display it at, with which version of the genome", "d5mGBgVhKAo-00063-00046112-00046712": "we want to render these data. So we need to tell it that this data actually is derived from human", "d5mGBgVhKAo-00064-00046968-00047568": "human hg38, you can see there are a lot of patches but what we need is actually hg38", "d5mGBgVhKAo-00065-00047568-00048288": "proper just like that. And if I click “Save”, you will see that now", "d5mGBgVhKAo-00066-00048288-00048880": "the database is set to hg38 and now you can see you have this “Display and USCS main”", "d5mGBgVhKAo-00067-00048880-00049344": "button and we can click it.", "d5mGBgVhKAo-00068-00049576-00050128": "Usually genome browser goes to some random location but in order to visualize actually our", "d5mGBgVhKAo-00069-00050280-00050672": "exon of interest, let's just select its coordinates from here.", "d5mGBgVhKAo-00070-00051040-00051632": "And enter them there in this particular format which UCSC likes,", "d5mGBgVhKAo-00071-00051784-00052176": "and this is the exon, and you can see that in fact you have lots of SNPs. The green ones are", "d5mGBgVhKAo-00072-00052176-00052648": "synonymous, they don't change underlying codon and the red ones are non-synonymous they do change", "d5mGBgVhKAo-00073-00052648-00053384": "the underlying codon, so there's an amino acid change caused by this SNP. Let's go back to Galaxy", "d5mGBgVhKAo-00074-00053688-00053976": "Let's collapse all datasets so we", "d5mGBgVhKAo-00075-00054208-00054791": "have neat view of the history. So this history is essentially this is this is outline of our", "d5mGBgVhKAo-00076-00054791-00055312": "analysis, and let's suppose you want to perform the same analysis on a different set of data.", "d5mGBgVhKAo-00077-00055312-00055800": "So instead of redoing this step by step, we can go ahead and extract a workflow", "d5mGBgVhKAo-00078-00055800-00056479": "from this history. And this interface will ask you which steps, which steps from the history you", "d5mGBgVhKAo-00079-00056479-00057072": "want to include, in this case we want to include all. Let's call this, let's call this workflow", "d5mGBgVhKAo-00080-00057072-00057624": "“Find exons with the highest number of features”, and click “Create workflow”.", "d5mGBgVhKAo-00081-00057624-00058208": "So now you can edit or or run the workflow. But you can also access it from this “Workflow” tab,", "d5mGBgVhKAo-00082-00058208-00058752": "so click on that tab, you see this is the workflow we just created, and if we click on this drop-down", "d5mGBgVhKAo-00083-00058752-00059064": "let's choose the “Edit” option. So we can see how this workflow looks like,", "d5mGBgVhKAo-00084-00059248-00059816": "so we have all these nodes so these are individual tools.", "d5mGBgVhKAo-00085-00060096-00060776": "And this is the output of the workflow, the dataset with top-5 exons, and the and these", "d5mGBgVhKAo-00086-00060776-00061352": "are the inputs, so one input is called “Exons”, the other is called “SNPs”. But maybe we don't", "d5mGBgVhKAo-00087-00061352-00061784": "want to overlap with SNPs again, let's make it a little bit more generic, so I'm going to call this", "d5mGBgVhKAo-00088-00061928-00062496": "“Features”; maybe we want to again do this analysis on some other types of genomic", "d5mGBgVhKAo-00089-00062496-00063376": "features. You can see it's changed now here. And for the last dataset, I want to, I want to tell", "d5mGBgVhKAo-00090-00063376-00064055": "Galaxy to rename it, so I can clearly see in my history what's going on. I'm going to rename it to", "d5mGBgVhKAo-00091-00064216-00065024": "“Top 5 exons” for example. And at this point I want to save, you should not forget to save.", "d5mGBgVhKAo-00092-00065088-00065784": "One other thing that I can do here is if I uncheck these check boxes, I will not see", "d5mGBgVhKAo-00093-00065784-00066384": "these intermediate datasets in my history, they will be hidden, and that would make history easier", "d5mGBgVhKAo-00094-00066384-00066952": "to look at. So let's run this workflow, let's go back to Galaxy, well, let's save it,", "d5mGBgVhKAo-00095-00067184-00067632": "let's go back to Galaxy and let's create a new history.", "d5mGBgVhKAo-00096-00067968-00068384": "So this is a new empty history. Now I can go to this multi-history view", "d5mGBgVhKAo-00097-00068648-00069008": "and copy the exons dataset, let's reuse this dataset.", "d5mGBgVhKAo-00098-00069088-00069752": "I'm just going to drag it like here. Go back to the analysis view. I will name this history", "d5mGBgVhKAo-00099-00070136-00070848": "because we are going to use ”Repeats” as the other set of genomic features. And", "d5mGBgVhKAo-00100-00070848-00071296": "let's upload the repeat information now. I'm going to click upload", "d5mGBgVhKAo-00101-00071296-00071768": "and paste the URL of the repeats dataset that you also have in your tutorial.", "d5mGBgVhKAo-00102-00072016-00072288": "And I'm going to give it a more descriptive name.", "d5mGBgVhKAo-00103-00072864-00073208": "So now I can simply run my workflow on these two datasets.", "d5mGBgVhKAo-00104-00073208-00073544": "Go to “Workflow”, click the “Run” button.", "d5mGBgVhKAo-00105-00073840-00074424": "Use “Exons” as the exon dataset, and repeats as this “Features” dataset. Now you can see it", "d5mGBgVhKAo-00106-00074424-00074760": "says as “(as bed)” because when we uploaded this, Galaxy actually", "d5mGBgVhKAo-00107-00074848-00075240": "identified as an interval file, but Galaxy knows how to convert interval to BED,", "d5mGBgVhKAo-00108-00075240-00075784": "so it's not going to be a problem. And now all I need to do is click “Run”.", "d5mGBgVhKAo-00109-00075960-00076792": "You will see this workflow invocation display, and eventually you will see the final dataset,", "d5mGBgVhKAo-00110-00076792-00077224": "so the coordinates of the five exons containing highest number of repeats.", "d5mGBgVhKAo-00111-00077656-00078584": "And here you have five exons with the highest number of repeats!"}}, {"audio_id": "d5nIXvnlJWI", "text": {"d5nIXvnlJWI-00000-00002586-00002888": "Hello and welcome back to nature life", "d5nIXvnlJWI-00001-00002962-00003852": "today we will try to set up the winter tent and stove", "d5nIXvnlJWI-00002-00003928-00005233": "so I'll start by shoveling away snow here, just stay outside the house today, but you have to see that everything works before you go on longer trips. So we'll get started", "d5nIXvnlJWI-00003-00007712-00008633": "so now I'm done, so now I'm just going to get the tent and set it up", "d5nIXvnlJWI-00004-00008721-00010015": "it is just over three meters in all directions, and it is to have some space when I set up the tent", "d5nIXvnlJWI-00005-00010219-00010960": "now I stand in my tent pit and will raise the tent, we'll see how it goes", "d5nIXvnlJWI-00006-00011676-00011876": "tent stake", "d5nIXvnlJWI-00007-00012011-00012211": "tent pole", "d5nIXvnlJWI-00008-00012792-00013008": "and the tent", "d5nIXvnlJWI-00009-00015071-00015399": "it is only minus 8c today", "d5nIXvnlJWI-00010-00015665-00015900": "so it's not that cold", "d5nIXvnlJWI-00011-00016672-00017726": "I go and set up the tent pole before I put down the ground poles so I see that I do not tighten too hard", "d5nIXvnlJWI-00012-00020642-00020842": "There!", "d5nIXvnlJWI-00013-00021549-00021749": "now I would have liked a", "d5nIXvnlJWI-00014-00022200-00022841": "a hammer or a stone and knocked down the sticks with", "d5nIXvnlJWI-00015-00024400-00025264": "start by shoveling where the stove should stand so it does not sink down so much", "d5nIXvnlJWI-00016-00026937-00027368": "the stove must stand something like that", "d5nIXvnlJWI-00017-00027769-00028331": "no it must probably stand like that, or at the other way", "d5nIXvnlJWI-00018-00028978-00029400": "I think I turned the tent in and out", "d5nIXvnlJWI-00019-00030233-00030634": "it was unfortunate that I made a mistake", "d5nIXvnlJWI-00020-00030701-00031055": "why did I not see it when I pitched the tent", "d5nIXvnlJWI-00021-00031631-00032025": "I have to tear it down and turn it around", "d5nIXvnlJWI-00022-00032189-00032505": "then it's just out with the stove", "d5nIXvnlJWI-00023-00033062-00033235": "There", "d5nIXvnlJWI-00024-00033292-00033481": "shall I attach", "d5nIXvnlJWI-00025-00033697-00034099": "the stove pipe protection", "d5nIXvnlJWI-00026-00035751-00036129": "like this, now i put in the stove", "d5nIXvnlJWI-00027-00036319-00036562": "get to see how it turns out", "d5nIXvnlJWI-00028-00037189-00037563": "and then clean up here a bit, but this is what it looks like where the stove pipe should go in", "d5nIXvnlJWI-00029-00037624-00038205": "the stove should stand under it, but I have to shovel out here a bit because I had to turn the whole tent", "d5nIXvnlJWI-00030-00038342-00038591": "we make a new attempt with the stove", "d5nIXvnlJWI-00031-00039136-00039731": "and it will be to buy a larger tipi for next year, because this one is a bit small", "d5nIXvnlJWI-00032-00040295-00040413": "like that", "d5nIXvnlJWI-00033-00040448-00040817": "and here is the damper with which you regulate the air drawn", "d5nIXvnlJWI-00034-00041371-00041726": "should have made a bigger hole up there, but that should be enough", "d5nIXvnlJWI-00035-00041788-00042762": "I have sealed the edge of the hole with heat-resistant silicone", "d5nIXvnlJWI-00036-00042891-00043122": "so now I go and get the wood", "d5nIXvnlJWI-00037-00043351-00043839": "so, now I have picked up my little chair that I will  put up in the tent", "d5nIXvnlJWI-00038-00043896-00044570": "I also have (excuse me) a small pellet block and a lamp", "d5nIXvnlJWI-00039-00044676-00044932": "so now we going to the tent", "d5nIXvnlJWI-00040-00049846-00050275": "then i will start with putting up the lamp", "d5nIXvnlJWI-00041-00050476-00050827": "and hangs up there", "d5nIXvnlJWI-00042-00051509-00052692": "then we fill the stove, insert Tindersticks also", "d5nIXvnlJWI-00043-00052800-00053294": "I have to move back a little", "d5nIXvnlJWI-00044-00053445-00053755": "now I got more space", "d5nIXvnlJWI-00045-00054233-00054596": "puts the gloves on the ground", "d5nIXvnlJWI-00046-00054749-00055403": "this block of pellets should burn for about two hours", "d5nIXvnlJWI-00047-00055540-00056173": "so when you sleep out at night they can be good to have, so you don't have to get up and cut wood", "d5nIXvnlJWI-00048-00056523-00056931": "shall see so i have everything in there", "d5nIXvnlJWI-00049-00057185-00057452": "start with small firewood first", "d5nIXvnlJWI-00050-00057695-00057987": "puts everything on the gloves", "d5nIXvnlJWI-00051-00058940-00059316": "like that, and the damper is open", "d5nIXvnlJWI-00052-00060000-00060236": "so we start the fire", "d5nIXvnlJWI-00053-00060880-00061289": "maybe do not need any tindersticks, I'll see", "d5nIXvnlJWI-00054-00063041-00063333": "and the snow is still falling outside", "d5nIXvnlJWI-00055-00066803-00067164": "the snow on the stove begins to thaw", "d5nIXvnlJWI-00056-00067330-00068442": "this lid can be removed if you want to cook food over an open fire", "d5nIXvnlJWI-00057-00068671-00069049": "the fire picks up, so I close the door", "d5nIXvnlJWI-00058-00069106-00069653": "now the handle is not so hot, oh hear", "d5nIXvnlJWI-00059-00069741-00070021": "it became drag in the stove immediately", "d5nIXvnlJWI-00060-00070070-00070800": "wonderful, then we will see how long it takes before it gets hot, will say what time it is now", "d5nIXvnlJWI-00061-00071063-00071770": "the time is now 14:47, then we'll see when I start to feel some warmth in here", "d5nIXvnlJWI-00062-00072808-00073578": "there is moisture on the inside of the glass because the stove is cold, but it is disappearing as the stove gets hotter", "d5nIXvnlJWI-00063-00073621-00073821": "so I'll put on more firewood now", "d5nIXvnlJWI-00064-00074175-00074520": "I see it has started to pick up", "d5nIXvnlJWI-00065-00076265-00076800": "as I said, the handle is not too hot yet", "d5nIXvnlJWI-00066-00076847-00077775": "but I'm going to get out of the tent and let it burn down, because you can see how it smokes up here on the stove", "d5nIXvnlJWI-00067-00077843-00078918": "there are vapors of water and suspect there are also vapors from manufacturing, oil or something", "d5nIXvnlJWI-00068-00078979-00079208": "I don't want to inhale that", "d5nIXvnlJWI-00069-00079441-00079708": "closes the damper a little", "d5nIXvnlJWI-00070-00079962-00080118": "closes that damper a little also", "d5nIXvnlJWI-00071-00080193-00080288": "like that", "d5nIXvnlJWI-00072-00080620-00081020": "I leave the stove, I go and check on the later", "d5nIXvnlJWI-00073-00081855-00082106": "cozy Thursday", "d5nIXvnlJWI-00074-00082997-00083279": "and yes it's burning", "d5nIXvnlJWI-00075-00083735-00084029": "should burn out the stove", "d5nIXvnlJWI-00076-00084184-00084588": "then I'll see if I make any food on it tonight, or not", "d5nIXvnlJWI-00077-00086661-00086861": "hello you all", "d5nIXvnlJWI-00078-00086958-00087600": "sitting  in the tent, I have burned out the stove", "d5nIXvnlJWI-00079-00087685-00088312": "because it smells pretty bad about it when I started the fire in it", "d5nIXvnlJWI-00080-00088339-00088664": "well, there's some oils and stuff to burn off", "d5nIXvnlJWI-00081-00088788-00089027": "but now I'm sitting here and", "d5nIXvnlJWI-00082-00089109-00089728": "it's hot up here, not as hot at the bottom, but i have opened", "d5nIXvnlJWI-00083-00089775-00090079": "down in the door to ventilate", "d5nIXvnlJWI-00084-00090093-00090747": "and open up there also to get circulation in the tent", "d5nIXvnlJWI-00085-00090822-00091290": "but I will sit and enjoy here for a while and shovel out a little more snow as well", "d5nIXvnlJWI-00086-00091311-00091872": "maybe we will cook the dinner in here on the stove tonight", "d5nIXvnlJWI-00087-00091954-00092287": "fry some steak maybe", "d5nIXvnlJWI-00088-00092373-00093024": "then let the fire in the stove go out, empty it and tear down the tent", "d5nIXvnlJWI-00089-00093067-00093343": "if we do it today or tomorrow we will see", "d5nIXvnlJWI-00090-00093369-00093935": "so I say, have a good time for so long and see you soon", "d5nIXvnlJWI-00091-00093952-00094099": "bye bye"}}, {"audio_id": "d5Dzf0JjFvY", "text": {"d5Dzf0JjFvY-00000-00000012-00000340": "More clients is not always  the solution to growth", "d5Dzf0JjFvY-00001-00000670-00000932": "This might confuse you, but stick with me.", "d5Dzf0JjFvY-00002-00000932-00001298": "Having more clients is generally what most people say to me is", "d5Dzf0JjFvY-00003-00001298-00001672": "their biggest problem. \"I want more clients.\" The trouble with more clients is", "d5Dzf0JjFvY-00004-00001672-00002274": "it's more client relationships to manage. If you've got five good clients, that's", "d5Dzf0JjFvY-00005-00002274-00002686": "fairly easy to manage with one person.  As soon as you go to 10 or 15,", "d5Dzf0JjFvY-00006-00002686-00003072": "very difficult for one person to manage more than five people meaningfully at any", "d5Dzf0JjFvY-00007-00003072-00003524": "given time. So if you're looking to scale your business and you think that more", "d5Dzf0JjFvY-00008-00003524-00004042": "clients is the answer, think again.  More clients creates more headaches and you", "d5Dzf0JjFvY-00009-00004042-00004382": "have to have a bigger team in order to manage them and give them the level of", "d5Dzf0JjFvY-00010-00004382-00004812": "service they want, need and expect.  So you've got to think carefully about that.", "d5Dzf0JjFvY-00011-00004812-00005282": "Do you want more clients really or would you like to do more with the clients you have?", "d5Dzf0JjFvY-00012-00005282-00005462": "More on that in another video"}}, {"audio_id": "d5I15pwYqRA", "text": {"d5I15pwYqRA-00000-00000063-00000109": ">> Welcome back.", "d5I15pwYqRA-00001-00000136-00000358": "In this case, we're going to be looking at exponent laws.", "d5I15pwYqRA-00002-00000373-00000556": "You're a little used to seeing formulas there.", "d5I15pwYqRA-00003-00000556-00000971": "In this case, we're going to be creating a few as we go because we want to look", "d5I15pwYqRA-00004-00000971-00001161": "at the different types of exponent laws.", "d5I15pwYqRA-00005-00001208-00002032": "So when you have something like say, 2 to the power of a. Whatever a might be.", "d5I15pwYqRA-00006-00002032-00002241": "As always, we're just using a variable.", "d5I15pwYqRA-00007-00002251-00002302": "Doesn't matter.", "d5I15pwYqRA-00008-00002329-00002496": "It will eventually be -- it could be a number.", "d5I15pwYqRA-00009-00002525-00002687": "We wanted to show some general cases.", "d5I15pwYqRA-00010-00002741-00003073": "And we know 2 to the a, okay, well that's 2 to the power of whatever.", "d5I15pwYqRA-00011-00003084-00003499": "If it was 2 to the power of 3, it would be 2 times 2 times 2 or 8.", "d5I15pwYqRA-00012-00003499-00003886": "But what happens when I have another one right beside it?", "d5I15pwYqRA-00013-00003945-00004262": "Two to the b. How do we combine these?", "d5I15pwYqRA-00014-00004288-00004685": "I mean I could separately do each and then multiply them together.", "d5I15pwYqRA-00015-00004754-00004996": "But in this case, I don't know what a or b is?", "d5I15pwYqRA-00016-00005016-00005158": "How can I write this as one number.", "d5I15pwYqRA-00017-00005235-00005345": "Well when you have this.", "d5I15pwYqRA-00018-00005376-00005739": "As long as they're to the same number here, the same base,", "d5I15pwYqRA-00019-00005886-00006608": "then what we get is simply 2 a plus b. You add them.", "d5I15pwYqRA-00020-00006659-00006961": "Well if they were numbers, if we knew what they were, we'd just simply add them.", "d5I15pwYqRA-00021-00007069-00007971": "One thing is worth noting if you had 2 to the a and 3 to the b, you couldn't combine these.", "d5I15pwYqRA-00022-00007971-00008022": "You'd be done.", "d5I15pwYqRA-00023-00008022-00008371": "If they were asked to simplify, hey that was the easiest question ever, I'm done.", "d5I15pwYqRA-00024-00008402-00008775": "Of course, you knew what these numbers were you could figure out what that is.", "d5I15pwYqRA-00025-00008775-00008984": "Like if this was 2 squared, it'd be 4.", "d5I15pwYqRA-00026-00008984-00009149": "If this was 3 squared it'd be 9.", "d5I15pwYqRA-00027-00009180-00009579": "Oh and then it would be 3 -- 9 times 4 or 36 but right now?", "d5I15pwYqRA-00028-00009585-00009642": "We're stuck.", "d5I15pwYqRA-00029-00009642-00009724": "We'd be done.", "d5I15pwYqRA-00030-00009789-00009861": "We'll call that a day.", "d5I15pwYqRA-00031-00009923-00010080": "Let's look at some actual examples.", "d5I15pwYqRA-00032-00010094-00010688": "So remember it doesn't really matter what the base is as long as the base is the same.", "d5I15pwYqRA-00033-00010758-00011641": "So if I had something like 4 to the power of 3 and 4 to the power of 6,", "d5I15pwYqRA-00034-00011727-00012075": "again I could figure them out separately but if I was just asked to simplify it and keep it", "d5I15pwYqRA-00035-00012075-00012787": "as an exponent, this would be the same as 4 to the 3 plus 6 or 4 to the 9.", "d5I15pwYqRA-00036-00012873-00013003": "And I invite you to try that at home.", "d5I15pwYqRA-00037-00013028-00013344": "Check. Try 4 to the 3, 4 to the 6.", "d5I15pwYqRA-00038-00013344-00013465": "Punch them in your calculator.", "d5I15pwYqRA-00039-00013465-00013630": "Figure out what they are and multiply them together.", "d5I15pwYqRA-00040-00013654-00013865": "Then punch in your calculator, 4 to the power of 9", "d5I15pwYqRA-00041-00013865-00014217": "and you're going to see that saves you some time.", "d5I15pwYqRA-00042-00014293-00014675": "So we're good but what if there's more?", "d5I15pwYqRA-00043-00014741-00014791": "More than two.", "d5I15pwYqRA-00044-00014791-00014994": "Okay. It doesn't what matter the base is.", "d5I15pwYqRA-00045-00014994-00015101": "As long as the base is the same.", "d5I15pwYqRA-00046-00015101-00016309": "So 5 to the 7 and 5 to the 3 and 5 to the 9 and 5 to the 2.", "d5I15pwYqRA-00047-00016399-00016948": "Great. Again I could just do them all separate but if I want to simplify this as an exponent,", "d5I15pwYqRA-00048-00017021-00017918": "this is the same as saying 5 to the 7 plus 3 plus 9 plus 2 or in other words, 5 to the 21.", "d5I15pwYqRA-00049-00017986-00018397": "Okay. And again, punch that into your calculator you'd figure out what it is.", "d5I15pwYqRA-00050-00018413-00019008": "You'd get a pretty number obviously but we can also negative exponents.", "d5I15pwYqRA-00051-00019054-00019217": "And we're talking about the meaning of that.", "d5I15pwYqRA-00052-00019304-00019383": "Well actually, you know what?", "d5I15pwYqRA-00053-00019383-00019957": "I'll talk about the meaning of that in, probably, the next video but what is 5 --", "d5I15pwYqRA-00054-00020053-00021117": "if we had the same 5 and now we have, I don't know, 7 then we have 5 to the minus 3 and then 5", "d5I15pwYqRA-00055-00021117-00021558": "to the 4 and then 5 to the minus 6?", "d5I15pwYqRA-00056-00021590-00021677": "What's going to happen here?", "d5I15pwYqRA-00057-00021787-00021886": "It's the same base math.", "d5I15pwYqRA-00058-00021886-00022268": "You still are adding exponents but some of them are minus.", "d5I15pwYqRA-00059-00022315-00022519": "Some of them are negative numbers.", "d5I15pwYqRA-00060-00022523-00022943": "So if we have 5 to the 7 and [inaudible] plus minus 3.", "d5I15pwYqRA-00061-00022943-00023337": "So it's really you're going to subtract 3.", "d5I15pwYqRA-00062-00023399-00023777": "Plus 4. Plus minus 6.", "d5I15pwYqRA-00063-00023874-00024353": "So it's really 7 minus 3 plus 4 minus 6.", "d5I15pwYqRA-00064-00024407-00024587": "So 11 minus 9.", "d5I15pwYqRA-00065-00024587-00025105": "Really or 5 squared and then we could say hey, it's only 5 or if we just wanted to leave it", "d5I15pwYqRA-00066-00025105-00025363": "as an exponent, we could just call it right there.", "d5I15pwYqRA-00067-00025420-00025637": "So this is a pretty quick introduction", "d5I15pwYqRA-00068-00025637-00026134": "to how you handle the multiplication ones and well, that's all we need."}}, {"audio_id": "d5P-Ijv6Kc0", "text": {"d5P-Ijv6Kc0-00000-00000000-00016200": "🌟 🇺🇸 Costumes Queen Elizabeth and King Arthur — Shop GrandStart.ru 🌟"}}, {"audio_id": "d6K60NBtdNM", "text": {"d6K60NBtdNM-00000-00000000-00000304": "[LOL] Super Delivery Xin Zhao", "d6K60NBtdNM-00001-00000316-00000646": "(commentary) In Korea, Xin known as known as a China noodle Deliveryman", "d6K60NBtdNM-00002-00000686-00000752": "I'm GaY", "d6K60NBtdNM-00003-00000814-00001003": "*Laugh*", "d6K60NBtdNM-00004-00001019-00001302": "*30 seconds to minion spawn*", "d6K60NBtdNM-00005-00001424-00001556": "*Crack Up*", "d6K60NBtdNM-00006-00002148-00002342": "(Notice) Minion has spawned.", "d6K60NBtdNM-00007-00002768-00002852": "My turn", "d6K60NBtdNM-00008-00003332-00003392": "Boy!", "d6K60NBtdNM-00009-00003650-00003706": "*Nautilus's cam*", "d6K60NBtdNM-00010-00004022-00004096": "*First blood*", "d6K60NBtdNM-00011-00004110-00004216": "Let's say China", "d6K60NBtdNM-00012-00004230-00004280": "*Noise*", "d6K60NBtdNM-00013-00004586-00004688": "Here's your delivery", "d6K60NBtdNM-00014-00004700-00004812": "Where can I set this meal?", "d6K60NBtdNM-00015-00004840-00004950": "We don't Make a delivery.", "d6K60NBtdNM-00016-00004976-00005066": "Seriously?", "d6K60NBtdNM-00017-00005078-00005128": "Yes", "d6K60NBtdNM-00018-00005156-00005284": "We don't call you anyway", "d6K60NBtdNM-00019-00005338-00005420": "GeT oUt Of HeRe.", "d6K60NBtdNM-00020-00005428-00005582": "You So F*cking B*tch! said again right now.", "d6K60NBtdNM-00021-00005754-00005874": "You said F*cking B*tch to me?", "d6K60NBtdNM-00022-00005980-00006030": "Hey.", "d6K60NBtdNM-00023-00006074-00006204": "Have you ever been eat my noodle?", "d6K60NBtdNM-00024-00006208-00006258": "Are...", "d6K60NBtdNM-00025-00006374-00006488": "R U Joking to me now??", "d6K60NBtdNM-00026-00006572-00006672": "do you want to hit by noodle?", "d6K60NBtdNM-00027-00006686-00006736": "calm down plz!", "d6K60NBtdNM-00028-00007088-00007144": "*First blood*", "d6K60NBtdNM-00029-00007848-00007981": "*An Enemy Has Been Slain*", "d6K60NBtdNM-00030-00008084-00008198": "*Killing spree*", "d6K60NBtdNM-00031-00008334-00008462": "*Shut down*", "d6K60NBtdNM-00032-00009096-00009194": "*An enemy has been slain*", "d6K60NBtdNM-00033-00009988-00010120": "*Shut down*", "d6K60NBtdNM-00034-00010226-00010388": "Yeeeaaaahhh boyyyyy", "d6K60NBtdNM-00035-00010388-00010758": "Yeeeaaaahhh boyyyyy *Begging*", "d6K60NBtdNM-00036-00010832-00011094": "*Your team has destroyed a turret*", "d6K60NBtdNM-00037-00011640-00011744": "That's a lot of DAMAGE!", "d6K60NBtdNM-00038-00011770-00012026": "*Enemy has stolen earth dragon*", "d6K60NBtdNM-00039-00012184-00012296": "*Double*", "d6K60NBtdNM-00040-00012648-00012744": "*killing spree*", "d6K60NBtdNM-00041-00012894-00012984": "*Double*", "d6K60NBtdNM-00042-00013013-00013166": "NoW tHaT's A lOt Of DaMaGe!!", "d6K60NBtdNM-00043-00013334-00013416": "(WTF is that DMG???)", "d6K60NBtdNM-00044-00014010-00014108": "*God Like*", "d6K60NBtdNM-00045-00014146-00014204": "*Double*", "d6K60NBtdNM-00046-00015482-00015552": "Ahhhhhhhh!!!!!", "d6K60NBtdNM-00047-00015552-00015797": "*Jinx's cam* Plz stop this Mother F*cker!", "d6K60NBtdNM-00048-00017032-00017132": "*Shut down*", "d6K60NBtdNM-00049-00017404-00017616": "*Your team has destroyed a turret*", "d6K60NBtdNM-00050-00017850-00018012": "*An Enemy Has Been Slain*", "d6K60NBtdNM-00051-00018594-00018794": "*An Enemy Has Been Slain*", "d6K60NBtdNM-00052-00019152-00019350": "*Ally Has Been Slain*", "d6K60NBtdNM-00053-00019396-00019590": "*Shut down*", "d6K60NBtdNM-00054-00020432-00020616": "*An Enemy Has Been Slain*", "d6K60NBtdNM-00055-00020666-00020790": "*Double*", "d6K60NBtdNM-00056-00021972-00022022": "*RAMPAGE*", "d6K60NBtdNM-00057-00022022-00022086": "*RAMPAGE* (Soraka's carry)", "d6K60NBtdNM-00058-00022480-00022584": "*UNSTOPPABLE*", "d6K60NBtdNM-00059-00023048-00023170": "*DOMINATING*", "d6K60NBtdNM-00060-00023172-00023556": "*Happy Dominating Time*", "d6K60NBtdNM-00061-00031436-00031486": "Kansas...", "d6K60NBtdNM-00062-00031592-00031642": "?????", "d6K60NBtdNM-00063-00032148-00032310": "*WIN*", "d6K60NBtdNM-00064-00032344-00032683": "Plz Subcribe and like  If you enjoyed my new meta!", "d6K60NBtdNM-00065-00032748-00033028": "BGM:Kevin MacLeod ~ Monkeys Spinning Monkeys TEKKEN 6 ost", "d6K60NBtdNM-00066-00033124-00033482": "Outro : Stay & Play  - Benny Rock Star (Bootleg Mix)", "d6K60NBtdNM-00067-00033510-00033732": "Thx to enjoy my video XD"}}, {"audio_id": "d6Slna2bQEQ", "text": {"d6Slna2bQEQ-00000-00002560-00004384": "hey hey", "d6Slna2bQEQ-00001-00009184-00009984": "hey", "d6Slna2bQEQ-00002-00010840-00011384": "him", "d6Slna2bQEQ-00003-00012064-00012784": "so", "d6Slna2bQEQ-00004-00016696-00016984": "foreign", "d6Slna2bQEQ-00005-00019976-00019984": "you"}}, {"audio_id": "d6XroFgsXBu", "text": {"d6XroFgsXBu-00000-00000110-00000494": "This video is a quick introduction to the new library search interface.", "d6XroFgsXBu-00001-00000494-00001210": "It is replacing our previous catalog system, Conifer, in both Leddy and Law Library.", "d6XroFgsXBu-00002-00001220-00001682": "We used to search for books and videos and (mostly) e-books in a", "d6XroFgsXBu-00003-00001682-00002370": "catalog system. If you've looked for books before this  may look familiar. It worked well for the items", "d6XroFgsXBu-00004-00002380-00002800": "it was intended to search for: physical items in the library, and some e-books.", "d6XroFgsXBu-00005-00002800-00003450": "However, if you needed to find an article, you needed to start on the library home page,", "d6XroFgsXBu-00006-00003460-00003884": "click on \"Find Articles and Research Tools,\" choose a subject,", "d6XroFgsXBu-00007-00003884-00004403": "go to a list of databases for that subject, and then search one or anotherof them", "d6XroFgsXBu-00008-00004403-00004819": "(each with its own interface and peculiarities)  until you found what you needed.", "d6XroFgsXBu-00009-00004880-00005270": "Now we have one stop search.", "d6XroFgsXBu-00010-00005275-00005730": "It's replacing our catalog. You'll be able to log into an account  using your normal uwin ID and password,", "d6XroFgsXBu-00011-00005896-00006344": "renew books and so on. But unlike our old catalog,", "d6XroFgsXBu-00012-00006344-00006930": "it will search for articles too. It runs by searching something called the Community Zone,", "d6XroFgsXBu-00013-00006936-00007490": "a sort of cloud-based compilation of databases plus all the  books and things we've bought and cataloged.", "d6XroFgsXBu-00014-00007500-00007831": "We enable the databases that we've purchased,", "d6XroFgsXBu-00015-00007831-00008181": "and it also brings in things like open research repositories.", "d6XroFgsXBu-00016-00008181-00008880": "Here's a sample search on the topic of Neoplatonism in the Medieval period.", "d6XroFgsXBu-00017-00008896-00009210": "Each online article result has two links, View It and Details.", "d6XroFgsXBu-00018-00009210-00009560": "View It will show you the item right there,", "d6XroFgsXBu-00019-00009567-00009882": "and Details will give you more information about the article.", "d6XroFgsXBu-00020-00009882-00010520": "If the result is a book, View It will be replaced by  a link labeled Holdings,", "d6XroFgsXBu-00021-00010520-00010925": "which will tell you where and in which which library you can find the book.", "d6XroFgsXBu-00022-00010925-00011231": "A virtual browse link will also show up,", "d6XroFgsXBu-00023-00011231-00011547": "which will let you see what other books might be found in the same location.", "d6XroFgsXBu-00024-00011547-00012360": "you expand an item by clicking View It, Holdings or Details,  an Action menu shows up on the right.", "d6XroFgsXBu-00025-00012380-00012860": "This lets you perform some basic functions,  like emailing yourself an item record,", "d6XroFgsXBu-00026-00012860-00013430": "or printing it. The citation function builds a suggested citation in your choice of three styles.", "d6XroFgsXBu-00027-00013430-00014060": "Add to e-shelf lets you build a list of references you can  save to your account for later.", "d6XroFgsXBu-00028-00014066-00014769": "Down the left side of the search screen are facets - I'd call them search limits.", "d6XroFgsXBu-00029-00014769-00015109": "You can use them to refine your results by type of material,", "d6XroFgsXBu-00030-00015109-00015587": "subject, or author. You can also limit by source collection,", "d6XroFgsXBu-00031-00015587-00015984": "date, language and a few others. Some of these", "d6XroFgsXBu-00032-00015984-00016363": "seem more useful than others, and we may reorder or disable some of", "d6XroFgsXBu-00033-00016363-00017110": "the facets later. One more advanced thing you can do with facets  is choose to include or exclude multiple options.", "d6XroFgsXBu-00034-00017116-00017530": "Here I didn't like results one database was giving me, so I got rid of it", "d6XroFgsXBu-00035-00017530-00018400": "There's also an advanced search screen where you can search by author or title, or apply some of those facet-type", "d6XroFgsXBu-00036-00018410-00019420": "limits in advance. Boolean searching - using terms like AND and OR, quotes \"\", and parentheses (),  - is also available.", "d6XroFgsXBu-00037-00019487-00019962": "This also works in simple search.", "d6XroFgsXBu-00038-00019962-00020292": "However, one-stop search doesn't really search everything.", "d6XroFgsXBu-00039-00020292-00020656": "Results from our specialized databases may not be in there.", "d6XroFgsXBu-00040-00020656-00021092": "So our other databases aren't going away anytime soon.", "d6XroFgsXBu-00041-00021092-00021409": "If you like searching the Philosopher's Index,", "d6XroFgsXBu-00042-00021409-00021820": "or want to browse Psychotherapy Transcripts, you'll still be able to do so.", "d6XroFgsXBu-00043-00021826-00023050": "Specialized databases will still provide advanced, targeted specific searches.", "d6XroFgsXBu-00044-00023061-00023372": "So please try our new one-stop search interface.", "d6XroFgsXBu-00045-00023372-00023712": "Send us feedback if you have any comments or see anything you think should be changed,", "d6XroFgsXBu-00046-00023823-00024141": "as this is still a work in progress. And bear with us!"}}, {"audio_id": "d7E6FfCN5yY", "text": {"d7E6FfCN5yY-00000-00000000-00000200": "I thought technical colleges were", "d7E6FfCN5yY-00001-00000200-00000401": "not at challenging or as rigorous", "d7E6FfCN5yY-00002-00000401-00000813": "as a four-year university would be, and", "d7E6FfCN5yY-00003-00000813-00001019": "I continued to think that for a few years,", "d7E6FfCN5yY-00004-00001019-00001226": "even though one of my best friends was going", "d7E6FfCN5yY-00005-00001226-00001436": "to a technical college.", "d7E6FfCN5yY-00006-00001436-00001541": "I thought her classes weren't as hard,", "d7E6FfCN5yY-00007-00001541-00001646": "I thought her homework", "d7E6FfCN5yY-00008-00001646-00001848": "wasn't as difficult or as much", "d7E6FfCN5yY-00009-00001848-00002050": "as what I was getting at the four-year  university.", "d7E6FfCN5yY-00010-00002050-00002460": "And then I came to a technical college,", "d7E6FfCN5yY-00011-00002460-00002668": "and realized how very, very wrong", "d7E6FfCN5yY-00012-00002668-00002876": "I was, because... it's challenging.", "d7E6FfCN5yY-00013-00002876-00003085": "You have a hands-on learning approach,", "d7E6FfCN5yY-00014-00003085-00003294": "which is so beneficial but that does mean", "d7E6FfCN5yY-00015-00003294-00003497": "you have to go beyond just memorizing", "d7E6FfCN5yY-00016-00003497-00003803": "some facts and filling out a", "d7E6FfCN5yY-00017-00003803-00003956": "multiple choice test;", "d7E6FfCN5yY-00018-00003956-00004109": "you need to be able to apply  what you've learned.", "d7E6FfCN5yY-00019-00004109-00004526": "So it's ... technical college is not easy.", "d7E6FfCN5yY-00020-00004526-00004735": "But for me that learning and", "d7E6FfCN5yY-00021-00004735-00005348": "educational approach has been far more beneficial."}}, {"audio_id": "d7Kn9ssPZcE", "text": {"d7Kn9ssPZcE-00000-00000392-00001192": "hello welcome to this open apereo 21 plenary session i'm ian dolphin executive director of the", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00001-00001192-00001776": "apereo foundation it gives me great pleasure to introduce dr melissa highton assistant principal", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00002-00001776-00002176": "and director of learning teaching and web services at the university of edinburgh", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00003-00002232-00002608": "if you're not familiar with the university of edinburgh it's the sixth oldest university in", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00004-00002608-00003176": "the english-speaking world it's also an apereo member institution and a prime mover of our", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00005-00003176-00003776": "incubating fiosan project melissa has a strong commitment to multiple facets of open education", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00006-00003847-00004312": "and is here today to outline some perspectives on a theme which i think will run throughout the", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00007-00004312-00005064": "event open education on a post pandemic planet if you want to ask questions please use twitter or", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00008-00005064-00005776": "speak up on the screen in front of you twitter hashtag openapereo21 will", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00009-00005776-00006368": "reach us and with that thanks very much for being with us melissa i will adjust", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00010-00006631-00007592": "the screen to show your slides thank you and make you the presenter thanks very much", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00011-00007776-00008440": "thank you ian thank you all for the invitation to present at the conference um i'm not sure if i can", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00012-00008440-00009080": "see the names of the of who's watching um down the left-hand side so i'm not quite sure how many of", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00013-00009080-00009776": "you there are um but thank you very much i tuned into one of the earlier sessions and it seemed", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00014-00009776-00010616": "very lively and i tuned in to see um duncan from edinburgh talking about my ed and he described", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00015-00010616-00011312": "university of edinburgh as big devolved and weird um so with that i mean that's a pretty good um", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00016-00011312-00012016": "pretty good description of us um it's we are members of the apereo foundation for many years", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00017-00012016-00012832": "and we a good part of our business is based on technologies supported by apereo or by the open", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00018-00012832-00013463": "source community in general and that's um something that i'm very pleased that we do", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00019-00013463-00013888": "edinburgh it's definitely part of what our business is and i'm going to talk about um", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00020-00013944-00014584": "some of those things i hope that that will be interesting to you as to why we do this", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00021-00014584-00015168": "and why we spend the time on it and how important um i think it is so thank you for the invitation", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00022-00015168-00015816": "thank you to philippe is going to do the translation into french for us um i hope that's", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00023-00015816-00016304": "successful i have flagged a couple of scottish words in the presentation so hopefully", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00024-00016384-00016760": "we'll be able to get the translations fine with that i'm very happy", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00025-00016824-00017616": "to be here talking about this um topic and the title of the presentation was given to me", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00026-00017616-00018344": "by ian but i thought i'm gonna stick with that i like the idea of talking about um the", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00027-00018344-00018992": "post-pandemic planet because i do think that um this is these are big topics um and it's something", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00028-00018992-00019592": "that we are all in together and conferences like this that draw people from all across the", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00029-00019592-00020112": "world that are about sharing ideas and sharing practice are really important to how we take a", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00030-00020232-00020696": "planetary-wide approach same as you might take an institution-wide approach we need", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00031-00020696-00021496": "to be taking a planetary-wide approach i think um because this is um strange time to be working", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00032-00021624-00022256": "so i'm going to hopefully be able to navigate through my slides but i got this um this nice", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00033-00022256-00022856": "graphic design done for me by one of the graphic designers at edinburgh and it's i liked it because", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00034-00022856-00023456": "it seems to be looking out um to just think about what what might be coming and what we can see", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00035-00023456-00024064": "from where we're standing and i think that as we try to predict the future", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00036-00024184-00024928": "of what might happen there are a few things that we can still hold to be true and open educational", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00037-00024928-00025648": "resources open source software open access digital tools i think are our our best hope possibly our", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00038-00025648-00026264": "last best hope for um equality and access and inclusion in education and these are under", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00039-00026264-00027176": "attack and um you know should not be taken lightly the active the active and proactive work we must", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00040-00027176-00027968": "um do to protect uh affect that as part of our ecosystem so education must not be dependent on", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00041-00027968-00028600": "digital platforms controlled by private companies and large educational institutions like edinburgh", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00042-00028680-00029248": "must show their support for open sharing and collaboration and assurance of accessibility", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00043-00029248-00029792": "for all our audiences and i hope even when i only really talk about university of edinburgh that", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00044-00029792-00030376": "maybe other people will be inspired to talk about how their institutions do it or perhaps um copy", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00045-00030376-00031224": "and share so we you know we have to make decisions a deep reflection i think on how we purchase um", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00046-00031327-00031816": "technology for our universities but also the skills in our education technology teams the", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00047-00031816-00032527": "people in our in our teams and we need to think about how we grow that understanding of open", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00048-00032527-00033144": "literacy within our teams uh within our curriculum and within our pedagogical", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00049-00033144-00033976": "training that we deliver to so many faculty and this is essential i think as we struggle to fight", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00050-00033976-00034736": "against the denial of scientific knowledge and to fight misinformation and to rethink", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00051-00034736-00035368": "and decolonize the curriculums that so many of the northern universities still teach", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00052-00035440-00035984": "um and to care for our planet as a planet there's there's much work to be done and", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00053-00036072-00036584": "i'm really pleased to be able to have the time to tell you some of the things that we are doing", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00054-00036776-00037608": "so this is you know a great scottish word out with um this is about the university of edinburgh has", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00055-00037608-00038648": "always been a organization who have looked out looked globally out we're a huge online learning", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00056-00038648-00039488": "provider um and that's always taken an outward view and we're steeped in the history of scotland", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00057-00039488-00040384": "spreading enlightened views around the world even as we struggle locally with our independence and", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00058-00040384-00041376": "succession issues at home we continue to take a global view of the kind of education that we do", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00059-00041376-00041920": "and i've put a few links um in here to just tell you a bit about the size and reach", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00060-00041920-00042600": "of what edinburgh does so we edinburgh is in a very small country in scotland um but we've been", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00061-00042600-00043192": "doing online learning for 15 years we've been been in the business of massive open online courses", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00062-00043192-00043888": "for 10 years and seriously into the business of open educational resources for five years", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00063-00043888-00044344": "and the the links there and give you more information about that and i'm happy to", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00064-00044344-00044832": "answer any questions about those but i think those are you know understood areas that um", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00065-00044920-00045424": "universities are getting into i think more universities are piling into the online learning", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00066-00045520-00046216": "um area now and i would always want to encourage people to balance their online learning activity", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00067-00046272-00046848": "which is often closed and elite and expensive um with", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00068-00046904-00047688": "the open educational resources activity which is about open and lowering barriers and getting", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00069-00047688-00048536": "as many materials to as many people as possible in that kind of open practice way of thinking", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00070-00048968-00049664": "so when ian gave me the title of the post-pandemic planet i was thinking about", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00071-00049776-00050624": "how we describe the way things were before and there's this um lovely phrase the before times", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00072-00050624-00051304": "and this is this is a phrase from from the bible and from star trek which of course are both", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00073-00051304-00051832": "canonical sources but it's i think it helps us to think about the ways our world was", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00074-00051888-00052455": "um a lost world from a time before a catastrophic global event and i think that", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00075-00052455-00053000": "science fiction literature is actually worth revisiting right now because those are the", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00076-00053000-00053704": "kinds of places discussions about um what we knew from the world before and how we", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00077-00053704-00054240": "change and approach and recover which is something that we're going to have to do over over many", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00078-00054240-00055040": "years but um not all was lost and we did know some important things before we started on on", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00079-00055040-00055776": "this um this current journey so it's worth just thinking back to what we knew um in the before times", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00080-00055920-00056416": "so in the before times we spent a lot of time thinking about technology futures", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00081-00056479-00057088": "um we thought a lot about the platforms that we were going to invest in and the partners that", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00082-00057088-00057800": "we had and we thought a lot about open sharing and collaboration and accessibility for all our", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00083-00057800-00058632": "audiences we took positions around our ecosystem what technology we have in our universities and", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00084-00058632-00059328": "how those work together and those are ethical positions and i think that a lot of those ethics", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00085-00059328-00059752": "remain the same and i think that you have presentations about learning technology ethics", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00086-00059808-00060496": "um coming up later in the um conference but um i see the university of edinburgh's commitment to", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00087-00060496-00061496": "open source technologies as an ethical position and we are committed to various open source tools", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00088-00061496-00062104": "at the university and we're committed to drupal and uportal and wordpress for our web estate", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00089-00062104-00062879": "um for kaltura for our media management and we consider open source in all of our procurements", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00090-00062879-00063584": "and this is you know often difficult to negotiate within that sort of wider ecosystem but it's a", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00091-00063584-00064167": "it's ground worth holding i think and important to make sure that our processes and procurements", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00092-00064167-00064855": "welcome open source options and we mention it in our job descriptions when we're recruiting", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00093-00064855-00065432": "to roles within the technology teams we make clear that we encourage and want to", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00094-00065616-00066328": "promote the idea of working on open source tools and we support open access open science", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00095-00066328-00067328": "um open educational licensing with with training and with policy so that it's not a niche poorly", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00096-00067328-00068080": "understood area um there is a lot of acronyms as duncan mentioned earlier but we try to promote", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00097-00068080-00068776": "understanding as well and the reason this is so important to my business is that i need software", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00098-00068776-00069528": "developers in my organization who will push frontiers and find new solutions so i i that those", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00099-00069528-00070232": "are the people i want working in my university and i want to attract them and i want them to stay", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00100-00070232-00070992": "and i need diversity of thinking in my creative teams i want staff to feel supported and valued", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00101-00070992-00071576": "and i want them doing interesting things to solve real problems and i know that people", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00102-00071576-00072280": "who work in open source development are values driven so i must invest in areas which showcase", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00103-00072280-00073000": "and make clear the role we play in leading these values and one of the ways that we do that is in", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00104-00073000-00073773": "partnerships with organizations and platforms like edx and foundations like apereo and wikimedia", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00105-00074349-00075120": "and the reason that i need people who think in this way as part of my", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00106-00075120-00075592": "organization is that these are essential freedoms for higher", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00107-00075592-00076536": "education so the autonomy and the freedom of thought that universities are founded on", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00108-00076656-00077480": "we need to reflect that in the way we do our technology and we need to have control", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00109-00077480-00078200": "of our own data and the ability to shape the technology to the way that we want to teach we", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00110-00078200-00078784": "should avoid ever having to say no you can't teach that way because the technology won't let you", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00111-00079008-00079480": "and these are freedoms worth paying for i think that we all understand that often", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00112-00079480-00080088": "open source has a higher cost of running and supporting but it means that we can pick and", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00113-00080088-00080784": "choose features for our services from across the open source development community and obviously", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00114-00080848-00081664": "where nothing exists we can build our own and offer that back to the community so when we buy", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00115-00081664-00082440": "in services it's not so easy as you know to build really flexible extensions for bought-in services", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00116-00082544-00083208": "and the systems may allow some extensions but they can require fairly unique skills and can be", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00117-00083208-00083840": "quite limiting it's it's much easier when we have control of the code and all the data", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00118-00084000-00084824": "and what i enjoy um is that even if the open source community hasn't built something that's", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00119-00084824-00085520": "exactly perfect for us um often you can take something um find something close tweak it", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00120-00085520-00086120": "and that saves saves time even from developing from scratch and that sharing back through the", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00121-00086120-00086784": "protocols that surround open source code and open educational resources and open licensing i think", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00122-00086784-00087464": "is really um important and the time that it takes you know this is still even though people say that", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00123-00087464-00088184": "open source uh costs more money but the huge price hikes that we've seen from commercial vendors this", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00124-00088184-00088896": "year um i think you know raise questions but to whom we give our money and and why", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00125-00088984-00089592": "and even if they weren't raising license costs um for their products the amount of", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00126-00089592-00090280": "storage i've needed this year the huge expanding collections of born digital learning materials", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00127-00090280-00090912": "and recordings that we have at university of edinburgh this year is growing a rate of knots", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00128-00090912-00091640": "i mean i would say that more more items have been added to our collections of teaching materials", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00129-00091640-00092304": "than to our university library this year the learning technologists are increasingly", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00130-00092304-00092992": "embroiled in collections management and the metadata around these materials is shocking", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00131-00093048-00093872": "um to my shame i now have 200 000 new media items called things like lecture week one", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00132-00093872-00094600": "lecture week two online recording and such because whatever title the individual faculty member chose", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00133-00094600-00095264": "before they named and um uploaded their files onto their media asset systems so", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00134-00095320-00095840": "they all didn't really think about the scale of the institution when they were doing that so again", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00135-00095840-00096584": "a big devolved and weird um but our job and duncan's job um we need to care for and curate", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00136-00096680-00097520": "and move and store and keep these items for the future and some of you may have heard me", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00137-00097520-00098512": "uh speaking at um open educational conferences before about technical debt um licensing debt", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00138-00098640-00099256": "my future now increasingly looks like a pile of metadata metadata debt", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00139-00099368-00100224": "and the metadata mess is rapidly mounting and will need attention i would think in the immediate", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00140-00100224-00101472": "future from our teams so thinking about open educational resources um", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00141-00102120-00102872": "we have as i say five years of investment now um at university of edinburgh some people would say", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00142-00102872-00103383": "we were doing it longer than that but um there was a little bit of open washing going on in the", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00143-00103383-00103983": "university uh previous to that uh people declaring the materials were open educational resources but", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00144-00103983-00104511": "the licensing when you actually looked into it wasn't quite clear so we bought a brought", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00145-00104511-00105168": "a bit of rigor to this um and i am a bit of a purist um because i do want to talk about open", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00146-00105168-00105904": "educational resources um i mean materials that are clearly licensed for reuse and with a creative", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00147-00105904-00106688": "commons license on it with only the minimum of caveats and i mean hope hosted on open platforms", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00148-00106856-00107335": "and i think that sometimes people get the discussion gets a little bit confused by", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00149-00107335-00107888": "phrases like um open educational practice or um open pedagogy approaches and stuff but", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00150-00107983-00108583": "for me and the kind of role that i have in terms of looking after systems and collections um i", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00151-00108583-00109408": "really mean quite specifically openly licensed materials on platforms sometimes i have to put", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00152-00109408-00109983": "them on external proprietary platforms but i also make sure that we host all of our open educational", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00153-00109983-00110840": "resource materials on our own platforms for reuse and sharing because i want to ensure i want to", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00154-00110840-00111448": "make them discoverable i want and i want to count them and i want to show them off and i want other", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00155-00111448-00112048": "people to use them and i want to celebrate that use because that's the return on my investment", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00156-00112168-00112992": "and i want to reuse material from other places so in addition to however proud i am of the work that", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00157-00112992-00113880": "we do at university of edinburgh in creating and publishing oer giving to the community i'm equally", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00158-00113880-00114672": "proud of the way the edinburgh teams consume materials released by others it shows the value", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00159-00114672-00115448": "of sharing and it actively challenges the ideas of silos and not using materials which were not", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00160-00115448-00116048": "invented here which is one of the most troublesome issues in higher education and prevents us", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00161-00116048-00116800": "from decolonizing and diversifying our content so thinking about how other people might use", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00162-00116800-00117592": "your materials and how you can add new value to theirs is the care that we need to take right now", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00163-00117592-00118552": "value is added to open materials by every reuse and the kind of practices that you", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00164-00118552-00119216": "all understand in terms of supporting open open source software i think that there's", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00165-00119280-00119872": "we can really learn a lot of the same lessons about how we take materials from other places and", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00166-00119872-00120544": "reuse them and change them and share them back and add things and this is as i said very important", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00167-00120544-00121322": "for the autonomy of institutions but also for the much larger community of sharing in higher education", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00168-00122095-00122808": "and i think it's about there's something there about saving the planet", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00169-00122920-00123656": "so one of the things that has not changed is that we still have to tackle catastrophic events", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00170-00123752-00124511": "and our platform our platform our planet is in crisis and we must think about what", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00171-00124511-00125320": "the universities should be doing in order to think about and tackle um catastrophic", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00172-00125320-00126016": "events what's the right thing for a university with a global reputation and some considerable", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00173-00126016-00126904": "resources at its disposal to be doing at a time of major geopolitical change and climate crisis", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00174-00126968-00127704": "these things have not changed and what we do how we educate our students how we bring them with us", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00175-00127704-00128511": "how we tell them that this is important work and is modeled by the way that institutions behave so", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00176-00128672-00129080": "governments and institutions are increasingly aligning themselves", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00177-00129080-00129728": "with the un sustainable development goals there's 17 of these i'm sure you're familiar with them", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00178-00129728-00130432": "they're referred to as the unsdgs i think it's important to remember they're not all about um", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00179-00130432-00131128": "the green and energy consumption there's a whole bunch of them the 17 of them that provide a", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00180-00131128-00131784": "shared blueprint for peace and prosperity for people and the planet now and into the future", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00181-00131920-00132328": "and open education open educational resources is one of the", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00182-00132328-00132992": "is clearly mentioned in the un sustainability goals access to quality education for all", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00183-00133120-00133920": "redistribution of wealth in education through the open sharing of materials and knowledge so open", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00184-00133920-00134544": "courses and open educational resources play an important role in supporting these sustainable", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00185-00134544-00135120": "development goals or goals for sustainable development and the university of edinburgh", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00186-00135120-00135680": "i've put in three links for you there as well i'm just going to talk a little bit about these areas", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00187-00135680-00136544": "of work so our approach to developing digital education opportunities champions the fourth sdg", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00188-00136544-00137120": "to ensure inclusive and equitable education to promote lifelong learning opportunities for all", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00189-00137184-00137824": "as learners anywhere in the world at any stage of life can gain access to free flexible accessible", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00190-00137824-00138448": "materials on a broad range of subjects so that doesn't have to be the same as opening up all", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00191-00138448-00139032": "university of edinburgh courses to anybody who wants to take a degree what's important is that we", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00192-00139032-00139760": "think about the ecosystem of the materials that we have and make large swathes of those a good chunk", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00193-00139760-00140512": "of that stuff needs to be made open for sharing but also we can do the kind of work that we need", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00194-00140512-00141144": "through activities like mooc activities which already reach hundreds of thousands of people", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00195-00141200-00141864": "to do courses about sustainable development and to do those courses in ways that they", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00196-00141864-00142600": "are sustainable so that first link on this slide takes you to a mapping of our short courses", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00197-00142600-00143160": "at university of edinburgh against the sustainable development goals and some of these courses are", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00198-00143160-00143888": "translated into multiple language versions so that they can welcome people from all over the world", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00199-00143888-00144480": "into studying them some of them are about sustainable development some of them are", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00200-00144480-00145144": "contribute to sustainable development all of them are openly licensed and many of them are made", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00201-00145144-00145888": "using materials from elsewhere which other universities have released so their recyclable", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00202-00145888-00146768": "they're recycled reused adaptable and free for reused and adapt and free to study", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00203-00146904-00147720": "so we i would encourage you to have a look at that list there's a excellent set of topics um and", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00204-00147816-00148600": "what i'm particularly um pleased with is that we will be running um we have something called a uh", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00205-00148664-00149128": "event mooc which is a particular type of mooc that university of edinburgh is particularly", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00206-00149128-00149896": "good at which is that we run um a mooc alongside a major event we sometimes do that around uk or", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00207-00149896-00150544": "scottish elections um we did run uh various ones about this about scottish independence", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00208-00150544-00151184": "and one about brexit but um what we do when we do those big moocs is we provide a platform", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00209-00151184-00151736": "for people for members of the public to engage with the topics and with the academic experts", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00210-00151736-00152392": "and various um public intellectuals on the on the topic and we will be running one of those", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00211-00152392-00153256": "um event moocs for cop 26 which is being hosted um in scotland admittedly in glasgow rather than", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00212-00153256-00153752": "edinburgh you can't have you can't have everything so we also university of edinburgh will be putting", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00213-00153752-00154648": "up um event mooc to support um the discussions and engagement around that event and another example", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00214-00154648-00155248": "of how our open educational resources have helped us to respond to major planetary events", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00215-00155248-00155872": "of course is our um covid mooc and there were many universities who put up a lot of covid material", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00216-00155872-00156504": "and i'm not saying that um edinburgh was the only one but the the speed at which we were able", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00217-00156504-00157272": "to publish a massive open online course about frontline respiratory care was facilitated by", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00218-00157272-00157880": "the fact that the materials we needed for that course were already openly licensed from within", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00219-00157880-00158576": "one of our other courses so we have a master's in primary health care that had a module all", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00220-00158576-00159320": "about respiratory care and because of the time that we had earlier invested in knowing what the", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00221-00159320-00159976": "licensing on that material was who had created it where all the diagrams and images had come from", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00222-00159976-00160600": "and having that released and releasable meant that we were able to take materials from that", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00223-00160656-00161368": "internal expensive closed masters course in public health and make a chunk of them available", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00224-00161440-00162248": "on futurelearn as part of this short course open to the public and for free and the turnaround", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00225-00162248-00162928": "speeds this is one of our most rapid moocs and and it brought obviously the university of edinburgh", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00226-00162928-00163488": "um considerable return on that so i i don't mean financial return i mean obviously", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00227-00163488-00164056": "reputational and contribution to tackling the crisis and and i think that that's one of the", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00228-00164056-00164656": "examples where knowing your own materials are reusable and then reusing them within your own", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00229-00164656-00165408": "organization really brings benefits and all the materials because they're openly licensed now", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00230-00165408-00165968": "that we've put them up into that course um other people can can use and take and share", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00231-00166136-00166736": "and the the third link actually there is um to some of the instructional designers uh thinking", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00232-00166736-00167488": "about how they have reused material from other places so i have a number of media teams who", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00233-00167488-00168184": "usually would be out and about filming content to make to be part of the university of edinburgh um", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00234-00168184-00168656": "online courses and moocs and of course with covid they were all confined to barracks", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00235-00168656-00169248": "so the materials that they were using their video that they needed for all of the", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00236-00169328-00169968": "to be part of the university courses they had to source from elsewhere and so the trailers", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00237-00170080-00170640": "and the content much of the video content and the trailers for the sustainability moocs", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00238-00170640-00171496": "are made from recycled materials that other people have have released generously and that", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00239-00171584-00172304": "kept us in business basically we were able to make these wonderful pieces of media because", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00240-00172304-00172616": "other people had generously shared and we were able to", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00241-00172688-00173424": "just get access to a range of images and videos um to give a global slant on the", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00242-00173424-00173992": "um courses that we were making so have a read of that and follow up if that's of interest", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00243-00174328-00175024": "so the um other thing that we we do is to think about uh grow your own", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00244-00175080-00175704": "open thinkers because as i've said it's so important um to have in your organization", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00245-00175704-00176512": "people who understand these open approaches and the rigor of open materials and i see that", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00246-00176512-00177104": "as uh technologists learning technologists and students um members of the university", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00247-00177200-00177864": "so it's really important to think about um how we embed in the teaching that we do", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00248-00177936-00178648": "that sort of understanding of skills for researchers and knowledge activism ability to", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00249-00178648-00179576": "contribute um to open knowledge from all of the members of our university and we do this at edinburgh", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00250-00179640-00180104": "in many different ways but um one i wanted to tell you about and again i've put links", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00251-00180168-00180992": "for you here is that we partner with wikimedia and wikimedia wikipedia is one of the largest", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00252-00180992-00181680": "open educational resources on the web as i'm sure you know um yet so many people seem to be largely", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00253-00181680-00182328": "unaware of how it works and what the community of people who look after it um what they're actually", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00254-00182328-00183016": "doing um and we've been you know working on this for about five years at university of edinburgh", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00255-00183016-00183720": "and it's a slow burn uh we've been working with academic faculty across the university for five", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00256-00183720-00184408": "years we have the wikimedia in residence and we work to embed wikipedia wiki data", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00257-00184408-00185488": "activities into the assessed curriculum because it seems to me essential that graduates and faculty", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00258-00185544-00186200": "at universities should understand how to participate in open knowledge creation", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00259-00186288-00187328": "understand how knowledge is created and shared and contested online and it still surprises me", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00260-00187408-00188080": "people who know me know that i am still surprised that so few universities um actively", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00261-00188080-00188912": "engage with this as an area of skills development information literacy and knowledge activism but", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00262-00188912-00189400": "as long as everyone else perhaps isn't doing this then i'm very proud to have it as a", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00263-00189456-00189952": "leadership area in the university of edinburgh so we have a wikimedia in residence you can", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00264-00189952-00190720": "read about that project we have a range of examples of wikipedia in the curriculum so this is", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00265-00190720-00192128": "assessed work activities into the curriculum and and we have trained 1 300 students 525 faculty", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00266-00192256-00192968": "484 random passing members of the public who have attended the workshops that we're doing", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00267-00193064-00193656": "and when we think about how something like wikipedia works the participation level", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00268-00193656-00194184": "getting more people involved in this is absolutely what we need to be doing", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00269-00194184-00194880": "it's less about one person editing many many pages as many people each editing in their own", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00270-00194880-00195672": "areas of enthusiasm and the more editors we can create the more active knowledge participants we", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00271-00195672-00196592": "can create the better and i'm very pleased to see that every week members of edinburgh university", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00272-00196592-00197056": "are contributing one i think that members of edinburgh university are one of the largest", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00273-00197056-00197752": "groups of contributors certainly in the uk uh to wikipedia um and i'll i'd be interested to hear", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00274-00197752-00198304": "anyone who thinks they've got a larger group from any organization anywhere in the world", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00275-00198424-00199032": "and you know that there are structural problems in so many areas of technology and one of them", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00276-00199032-00199824": "um with wikipedia is that um women are not represented um proportionally in the either as", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00277-00199824-00200464": "editors or in the content um and so one of the things that we do at edinburgh monthly", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00278-00200464-00201128": "as you would expect for women in red is we meet um at edit-a-thons and we just hack away at that", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00279-00201184-00201920": "um and that that link you can go to you can just see the events that we run every month um just", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00280-00201920-00202680": "tackling the gender skewed topics um and coverage in wikipedia and you're very welcome to join us", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00281-00202752-00203184": "if you would like to as i say members of the public are welcome", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00282-00204208-00204776": "so just to say a bit about um what's going to happen now", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00283-00204944-00205840": "so resilience and hybridity are very much the the topics of the of the day high-tech teams switch to", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00284-00205840-00206480": "homeworking relatively easily i think certainly at university of edinburgh and that's partly due to", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00285-00206480-00206976": "prior investments that we've made personally in the it kit set up that we have at home", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00286-00207096-00207648": "and there's a good chance that we already had a good chair camera headphones it's a privileged", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00287-00207648-00208376": "position and our institutions benefited from that i was in awe and thankful for how well my", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00288-00208376-00209016": "teams moved to working from home barely skipping a beat our services were up and running but if we", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00289-00209016-00209688": "think about how employers and cities and nations respond now to hybrid working it's suddenly an", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00290-00209688-00210432": "urgent area of leadership and for a small country like scotland perhaps we can begin to reverse some", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00291-00210432-00211096": "of the brain drain if if people return to work from their home home maybe they'll come back and", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00292-00211096-00211792": "live back in scotland and perhaps through our unions we can gain better industrial relations", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00293-00211792-00212408": "i think that people appreciate the flexibility that employers are suddenly able to show", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00294-00212504-00213056": "about where you work and and it will benefit high-skilled workers and the benefits may", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00295-00213056-00213567": "not be experienced equally and most of the world's work is not cannot actually be done", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00296-00213567-00214119": "from home but it's possible that we will see some disruption in the traditional structural", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00297-00214119-00214808": "inequalities in our sector our tech sector and we will see some disruption to the way that", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00298-00214808-00215240": "universities recruit because there's going to be much more opportunity for one spouse", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00299-00215240-00215840": "to take a job somewhere else without having to uproot the whole family and in the past women um", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00300-00215919-00216392": "suggesting that they would move to a different career a different job risked uprooting their", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00301-00216392-00217128": "children and from schools and local elder care and i think that the opportunity to now perhaps work", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00302-00217128-00217776": "from anywhere might do something to address the key pipeline which sees women dropping out of tech", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00303-00217776-00218456": "and stem jobs at points in their lives where they become mothers and again menopause so this may be", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00304-00218456-00219096": "mitigated by the shift away from presenteeism and office conditions", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00305-00219160-00219808": "and it gives us the opportunity to diversify our teams universities we're already an international", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00306-00219808-00220480": "market and we can now hire from anywhere but we are going to need to work harder to be attractive", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00307-00220664-00221400": "so in closing i want to say thank you to several members of my staff who contributed to helping me", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00308-00221400-00222056": "think about what i might say at this conference today um and some of the", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00309-00222112-00222760": "people on the slide are here at the conference and i just wanted to say to say thank you", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00310-00222760-00223400": "for the opportunity i'm really happy to take any questions about any of this and i hope that these", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00311-00223456-00224119": "stories from scotland about how universities are rising to the challenges will inspire you", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00312-00224119-00224848": "to keep working um in this really vital area and try to predict for the future", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00313-00224960-00225584": "based on what we remember from the before times so thank you very much i'll stop for a moment", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00314-00226464-00227223": "melissa thank you so much for a wonderful talk anybody got any questions we have a couple of", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00315-00227223-00227896": "minutes before people move off to their their next virtual sessions which are the solutions", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00316-00227896-00228760": "expo and our next plenary is uh half past noon eastern uh half past five uk and half past six", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00317-00228760-00229423": "sorry about that central european and south african time um i'm guessing that others have", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00318-00229488-00229984": "experienced an explosion of resources over the last 18 months in the way that you've describedmelissa", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00319-00229984-00230623": "so what's your thinking about how to pay down that metadata debt and how far have you got with it", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00320-00231144-00231992": "well it's so it's interesting because um you know it flags a skill that perhaps we", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00321-00231992-00232632": "didn't realize was so important which is the the naming of files and um how colleagues", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00322-00232632-00233232": "describe their work um i think it will be very interesting to see if we can tackle", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00323-00233232-00233767": "um how we manage these collections i think we will do better next year", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00324-00233767-00234504": "um going forward and how we look at helping colleagues to reflect on the materials that they", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00325-00234504-00235048": "made this year some of it is going to come through the need to spring clean or summer we need going", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00326-00235048-00235696": "to need to clean a lot of this stuff out because the storage um that is required for keeping these", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00327-00235696-00236560": "things um is expensive and so i think it does we will be in conversations about whether digital", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00328-00236616-00237440": "assets are short life you know born digital may mean not kept forever um and so those", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00329-00237440-00238008": "choices that we might make about what to keep what's really important and what was only ever", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00330-00238008-00238792": "supposed to have a six-month life or a year-long life will involve some engagement and reflection", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00331-00238896-00239584": "particularly around the needs to delete and clear in preparation for another coming year", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00332-00239656-00240192": "indeed just squeeze one more in from the from the audience from jim helwig of wisconsin madison", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00333-00240256-00240712": "university of edinburgh has clearly got a huge commitment to open source does the university of", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00334-00240712-00241184": "edinburgh have an open source program office or is that something you're thinking about", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00335-00241416-00242023": "i'm not sure that i know what that is well strange strange you should mention that", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00336-00242023-00242592": "because we do have a session that sayeed choudhury is giving on wednesday about open source program offices", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00337-00242648-00243319": "think about it as a universal interface between the institution and open source communities and", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00338-00243319-00243871": "quite often it's about getting an institution's ipr out there and used but i think it also plays", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00339-00243871-00244384": "the other way and could lead to an institution getting a more coherent perspective on its", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00340-00244384-00245096": "relationship with open source i think i will come to the session and if it sounds like something", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00341-00245096-00245816": "that i should definitely have i will set about trying to get one thanks very much we're a minute", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00342-00245816-00246656": "over uh please handle further questions on twitter there's melissa's twitter handle on the screen", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00343-00246712-00247471": "thanks to everybody who attended like i say the next plenary is in about 45 40 50 minutes", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00344-00247528-00247984": "in the meantime please use the solutions expo and thanks again melissa", "d7Kn9ssPZcE-00345-00248528-00248728": "thank you all"}}, {"audio_id": "d84-KaXQGIQ", "text": {"d84-KaXQGIQ-00000-00000000-00000200": "Working Cane Corso, Personal Protection Training", "d84-KaXQGIQ-00001-00000200-00000400": "Hierarchy Castigo Commodus Claudius aka Tigo Ch Queen City Triple Maduro CGC x Inter Ch Primus Linea Drusilla CGC"}}, {"audio_id": "d8zM287bDuk", "text": {"d8zM287bDuk-00000-00001550-00001660": "Reef Blacc on the track hey", "d8zM287bDuk-00001-00003444-00004213": "David King Reef Blacc on the beat", "d8zM287bDuk-00002-00004213-00004443": "Pull up when we come!", "d8zM287bDuk-00003-00004443-00005147": "Ain't sein my face I give you fuck. Pop pop on your grace Pull up when we come! Ain't sein my face I give you fuck.", "d8zM287bDuk-00004-00005147-00005494": "Pop pop on your grace God did it what you think.", "d8zM287bDuk-00005-00005494-00005702": "God did it what you think.", "d8zM287bDuk-00006-00005702-00006000": "God is my power I give you thanks.", "d8zM287bDuk-00007-00006000-00006336": "Motherfucker can't take my chance.", "d8zM287bDuk-00008-00006336-00006609": "Stop it and come to the dance.", "d8zM287bDuk-00009-00006609-00006881": "Stop it and come to the dance.", "d8zM287bDuk-00010-00006881-00007154": "Stop it and come to the dance.", "d8zM287bDuk-00011-00007154-00007304": "Stop it and come to the dance.", "d8zM287bDuk-00012-00007304-00007570": "Stop Stop it Stop it and come to the dance.", "d8zM287bDuk-00013-00007570-00008172": "What you think about my life I know I'm not perfect that's the life.", "d8zM287bDuk-00014-00008172-00008330": "Someone can't do better than Nobody.", "d8zM287bDuk-00015-00008330-00008933": "Fuck what you saying I believe to God lonely.", "d8zM287bDuk-00016-00008933-00009238": "heyyy Bitch on my dick", "d8zM287bDuk-00017-00009238-00009710": "Bitch on my dick Bitch on my dick", "d8zM287bDuk-00018-00009710-00009914": "Pull up when we come!", "d8zM287bDuk-00019-00009914-00010095": "Ain't sein my face I give you fuck.", "d8zM287bDuk-00020-00010095-00010388": "Pop pop on your grace Pull up when we come!", "d8zM287bDuk-00021-00010388-00010636": "Ain't sein my face I give you fuck.", "d8zM287bDuk-00022-00010636-00011009": "Pop pop on your grace Bitch on my dick", "d8zM287bDuk-00023-00011009-00011257": "I'm savage for real.", "d8zM287bDuk-00024-00011257-00011536": "She can't change my feel.", "d8zM287bDuk-00025-00011536-00011848": "I'm dangerous for real.", "d8zM287bDuk-00026-00011848-00012036": "Pull up when we come!", "d8zM287bDuk-00027-00012036-00012197": "Ain't sein my face I give you fuck.", "d8zM287bDuk-00028-00012197-00012575": "Pop pop on your grace Pull up when we come!", "d8zM287bDuk-00029-00012575-00012816": "Ain't sein my face I give you fuck.", "d8zM287bDuk-00030-00012816-00013130": "Pop pop on your grace God did it what you think.", "d8zM287bDuk-00031-00013130-00013287": "God is my power I give you thanks.", "d8zM287bDuk-00032-00013287-00013459": "Motherfucker can't take my chance.", "d8zM287bDuk-00033-00013459-00013521": "Stop it and come to the dance.", "d8zM287bDuk-00034-00013521-00013784": "Stop it and come to the dance.", "d8zM287bDuk-00035-00013784-00014108": "Stop it and come to the dance.", "d8zM287bDuk-00036-00014108-00014265": "Pull up when we come!", "d8zM287bDuk-00037-00014265-00014455": "Ain't sein my face I give you fuck.", "d8zM287bDuk-00038-00014455-00014746": "Pop pop on your grace Pull up when we come!", "d8zM287bDuk-00039-00014746-00014943": "Ain't sein my face I give you fuck.", "d8zM287bDuk-00040-00014943-00015438": "Pop pop on your grace God did it what you think.", "d8zM287bDuk-00041-00015438-00015675": "God is my power I give you thanks.", "d8zM287bDuk-00042-00015675-00016047": "Motherfucker can't take my chance.", "d8zM287bDuk-00043-00016062-00016312": "Stop it and come to the dance.", "d8zM287bDuk-00044-00016312-00016822": "What you think about my life I know I'm not perfect that's the life.", "d8zM287bDuk-00045-00016822-00017072": "Someone can't do better than Nobody.", "d8zM287bDuk-00046-00017072-00017484": "Fuck what you saying I believe to God lonely.", "d8zM287bDuk-00047-00017484-00017753": "Bitch on my dick I'm savage for real.", "d8zM287bDuk-00048-00017753-00017920": "She can't change my feel.", "d8zM287bDuk-00049-00017920-00018054": "I'm dangerous for real.", "d8zM287bDuk-00050-00018054-00018220": "Fuck what you mean.", "d8zM287bDuk-00051-00018220-00018391": "I'm thug for real.", "d8zM287bDuk-00052-00018391-00019026": "Money on the think Bitch Somes niggas be gone snitch.", "d8zM287bDuk-00053-00019026-00019157": "Pull up when we come!", "d8zM287bDuk-00054-00019157-00019410": "Ain't sein my face I give you fuck.", "d8zM287bDuk-00055-00019410-00019608": "Pop pop on your grace", "d8zM287bDuk-00056-00019608-00019658": "hey", "d8zM287bDuk-00057-00019658-00019958": "Reef Blacc on the Beat", "d8zM287bDuk-00058-00019958-00020539": "Reef Blacc on the Beat"}}, {"audio_id": "d8Mzyw03I3u", "text": {"d8Mzyw03I3u-00000-00002610-00002704": "Good morning world!", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00001-00002714-00002882": "Today I´m in Atlanta once more,", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00002-00002882-00003112": "I don´t know if you know it, but I don´t live in Atlanta,", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00003-00003112-00003282": "I live in a town called Milton,", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00004-00003282-00003444": "in the outskirts of Atlanta.", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00005-00003444-00003786": "They are laughing at me because they laugh when I record", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00006-00003876-00004120": "Aaaaand today we have came here,", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00007-00004208-00004442": "to the center of Atlanta, to the CNN,", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00008-00004532-00004732": "we are going to do a tour there,", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00009-00004860-00005006": "CNN, I mean CNN,", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00010-00005058-00005350": "is one the most important chains of", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00011-00005438-00005572": "TV here in the US", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00012-00005638-00005902": "and the headquarters are in Atlanta", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00013-00005916-00006226": "the center point where the studios are,", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00014-00006226-00006418": "and where they record for the news and all that,", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00015-00006452-00006659": "is here in Atlanta, so today we are going to do a tour", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00016-00006659-00006834": "and I don´t know if I will be able to record,", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00017-00006844-00007044": "inside, but I hope I can and you can see it.", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00018-00011494-00011710": "Well, we can´t record inside but", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00019-00011710-00011910": "we can take pictures on the first part,", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00020-00011992-00012176": "and we are going in now.", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00021-00012320-00012576": "I´m going to show you this picture.", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00022-00012604-00012880": "In the tour, they asked for a volunteer", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00023-00012880-00013336": "to explain the green screens and how they put images over other images,", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00024-00013378-00013650": "for example, on the forecast or the news or whatever,", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00025-00013650-00013969": "and I was the volunteer so there you see me.", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00026-00014002-00014166": "Well, we just got out of this place,", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00027-00014166-00014296": "it was great, I mean,", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00028-00014296-00014458": "we saw all the studios from the inside", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00029-00014458-00014802": "were they record the news, and CNN,", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00030-00014806-00015266": "CNN is super famous and it is all around the world", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00031-00015266-00015612": "and most people in the US watch the news in this channel,", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00032-00015612-00016034": "and we could see the studios where they record but we could´t record anything", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00033-00016034-00016404": "and we saw the people recording the news, and they are with all the stuff about", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00034-00016460-00016800": "choosing the president, I mean, the elections,", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00035-00016898-00017098": "Trump vs. Hillary Clinton,", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00036-00017098-00017566": "that it is going to be tomorrow, we will see who is the next president of the US.", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00037-00018032-00018360": "Well, it is the next day already, I´m here with my host grandpa,", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00038-00018360-00018512": "cause we are going to have breakfast.", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00039-00018548-00018748": "Aaand I wanted to record yesterday,", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00040-00018836-00019120": "because I went to CNN in Atlanta, and also today,", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00041-00019128-00019472": "because the elections are today and it is a very important day,", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00042-00019472-00019788": "because Obama has been 8 years being president of the US,", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00043-00019852-00020052": "and now, after 8 years,", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00044-00020052-00020460": "they are going to decide again who is the next president of the US, or female president,", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00045-00020460-00020910": "because the candidates are, Hillary Clinton,", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00046-00020910-00021192": "that if she wins she will become the first female president,", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00047-00021216-00021502": "and Donald Trump, that if he wins...", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00048-00021578-00021810": "I get out of this country, haha, no, but", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00049-00021896-00022124": "we hope she wins, not him, because", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00050-00022128-00022328": "I suppose you already know...", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00051-00022392-00022592": "things, about Donald Trump", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00052-00022592-00022750": "that is NOT a very...", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00053-00022816-00023068": "very... educated man , let´s say.", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00054-00023208-00023408": "Well, so I´m going to the restaurant now,", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00055-00023434-00023758": "well, to have breakfast, and then to have a haircut,", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00056-00023786-00023940": "cause it is getting long.", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00057-00024950-00025124": "Well, the hair ended up like this,", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00058-00025124-00025374": "I think it is okay, no? Idk.", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00059-00025518-00025689": "Well, I´m here with Meg,", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00060-00025704-00025904": "after having a haircut,", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00061-00025904-00026286": "I went back home and now we are going to Swim Atlanta it is called,", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00062-00026286-00026536": "and you have asked me about the sports,", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00063-00026536-00026924": "well, I´ll do a video, I´m looking for a camera to buy,", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00064-00026924-00027326": "to start doing videos in my room about my high school and everything,", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00065-00027326-00027722": "in maybe a week or two I will start with those videos,", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00066-00027722-00027902": "but for now, I´ll keep on doing vlogs.", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00067-00027936-00028280": "Well, as I was saying, for the ones that have asked me about the sports,", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00068-00028280-00028583": "here the sports and the clubs are super important,", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00069-00028583-00028952": "everything related to school is mostly the social life of people in America,", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00070-00028952-00029206": "and that´s it, being in clubs, which I´m in quite a few,", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00071-00029220-00029489": "I´m in an international theatre association,", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00072-00029532-00029852": "I´m in a community service club,", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00073-00029874-00030074": "which is the service for the community,", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00074-00030114-00030498": "because I have to do 16 hours of community service and I´m in one in which you build houses,", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00075-00030498-00030864": "that I´ve not gone to any but I will go whenever I can,", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00076-00031020-00031132": "whenever I can,", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00077-00031158-00031508": "I mean, the next house build, I´ll go,", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00078-00031508-00031839": "for having hours of community service.", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00079-00031839-00032014": "And so, about the sports,", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00080-00032056-00032322": "in mostly all schools it is extreme,", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00081-00032322-00032614": "for example , in basketball in my school, I didn´t want to do it because", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00082-00032660-00032934": "you need to wake up at 5 in the morning, because it is an hour before school,", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00083-00032978-00033178": "it is crazy, it is like,", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00084-00033218-00033576": "Idk, I preferred to be in swimming instead of basketball,", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00085-00033594-00033876": "and so, they take it very seriously, the basketball", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00086-00033900-00034216": "and everything, also the football which goes by seasons,", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00087-00034216-00034650": "so the 1st season, that was the 1st, Idk, it finished in November,", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00088-00034650-00034938": "it was from the beginning of August that I started school until November,", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00089-00034938-00035166": "and she season has finished already.", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00090-00035190-00035532": "And so, if you come, try to join any team,", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00091-00035580-00035818": "and even it is every day a week,", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00092-00035840-00036016": "it is also good to meet people.", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00093-00036798-00037090": "Well, I just finished eating, I had avery American dinner,", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00094-00037090-00037378": "I had ribs and mac & cheese,", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00095-00037398-00037598": "and mac & cheese it´s it, macaroni with cheese.", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00096-00037638-00037760": "And I´m studying now,", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00097-00037792-00038116": "this is the agenda that they have of the school, and I like it.", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00098-00038148-00038480": "And I am here studying because tomorrow I have Word History class,", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00099-00038480-00038658": "and I have to study all the Byzantine Empire,", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00100-00038690-00038904": "Russia, the mongols and China", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00101-00038966-00039112": "and I have a lot to study,", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00102-00039112-00039498": "because my school is not that easy. When I came here I thought everything was going to be easy,", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00103-00039498-00039648": "I mean, I thought the school was going to be super easy,", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00104-00039664-00039864": "but not, I´m in a pretty hard school", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00105-00039864-00040300": "and mostly all the students that I have spoken with are not in easy schools either,", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00106-00040312-00040596": "I mean, it also depends on the classes that you choose,", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00107-00040612-00040998": "I chose the ones that I would have in my junior year in Spain,", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00108-00041032-00041164": "for not losing anything,", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00109-00041204-00041604": "and the elections are in a moment, so when they start, I´ll go down to watch them.", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00110-00041734-00041842": "Okay, we are watching now", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00111-00041842-00041958": "the elections,", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00112-00041960-00042182": "and Trump is winning, I´m dying.", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00113-00042912-00043044": "You see, they are putting it here,", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00114-00043044-00043316": "in CNN, where we went yesterday.", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00115-00043718-00043890": "Okay, so Trump is winning,", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00116-00043908-00044258": "I can´t believe it, I mean, Idk what to do if he wins,", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00117-00044346-00044692": "I mean, obviously I´m staying in the US I´m not leaving,", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00118-00044794-00045142": "omg, I have a lot to study,", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00119-00045172-00045372": "and I´m now studying in my room.", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00120-00045400-00045686": "My stages of studying are starting in that room and then", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00121-00045706-00046058": "going back to study to my room, I don´t care,", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00122-00046058-00046326": "I´m more comfortable in this huge bed.", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00123-00046346-00046716": "He can´t win, I mean, he can´t, I mean...", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00124-00046868-00047190": "And the worst is that in my state, Georgia,", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00125-00047256-00047738": "Trump is winning like 70% and 30% Hillary Clinton.", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00126-00047856-00048324": "And I watched all the debates because I had to do a project about the debates in my lang class here,", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00127-00048354-00048504": "aaaaaand,", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00128-00048532-00048940": "it is horrible all the thing that he says, he´s impolite, he is...", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00129-00048940-00049180": "he can´t win, I mean, he can´t win.", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00130-00052458-00052629": "I have came up to my room now,", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00131-00052672-00052872": "because I have a lot more to study for tomorrow,", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00132-00052894-00053300": "the elections, well, now, it is", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00133-00053312-00053512": "10:55 pm,", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00134-00053570-00053866": "and the elections, as they are going,", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00135-00053879-00054354": "maybe we don´t know the president, as my host parents said, until 3am", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00136-00054370-00054600": "it is going very bad, Trump is winning,", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00137-00054626-00054826": "and I can´t believe it, I mean,", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00138-00054879-00055236": "I have been watching it for hours, and", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00139-00055382-00055654": "I can´t believe he is winning, I thought", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00140-00055679-00055948": "Idk, that she would win,", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00141-00055948-00056105": "with a big difference,", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00142-00056105-00056246": "and I knew they were near each other,", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00143-00056258-00056570": "but I didn't know there was going to be... I mean...", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00144-00056570-00056836": "all the people that have voted him, I don´t believe it,", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00145-00056960-00057314": "but I have to study now, and", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00146-00057360-00057610": "when I finish studying I´ll go down to see how they are going", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00147-00057620-00057820": "the elections, and I don´t know if I will record it or not", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00148-00057905-00058172": "aaaand, let´s see,", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00149-00058172-00058340": "who wins this,", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00150-00058340-00058722": "and when you watch this you will now who is the president but now", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00151-00058755-00058962": "I wanted to record this reaction", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00152-00058979-00059344": "and I wanted you to watch it. One of the things", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00153-00059344-00059682": "because of why I´doing this videos is to then, in the future,", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00154-00059704-00059904": "watch them, and say, omg, that´s how I was", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00155-00059924-00060098": "living it in the moment.", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00156-00060100-00060300": "You know? Cause... Idk.", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00157-00060338-00060617": "And this is what I´m leaving now, I´m like...", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00158-00060658-00060858": "I can´t believe it!", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00159-00061184-00061316": "I´m freacking out.", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00160-00061694-00061894": "Well, so I hope you liked the video,", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00161-00061894-00062028": "everything about CNN,", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00162-00062028-00062410": "all what I said when I was going to the swimming pool,", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00163-00062436-00062644": "and everything about the elections,", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00164-00062672-00063082": "that me, as I said, I´m freacking out, aaaand", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00165-00063086-00063286": "well, I hope you liked the video,", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00166-00063294-00063650": "if so, give it a thumbs up and subscribe if you haven´t yet,", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00167-00063670-00063896": "and share it with your friends!", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00168-00064226-00064574": "I just... can´t believe Trump is winning, really...", "d8Mzyw03I3u-00169-00064678-00064905": "And Donald Trump won..."}}, {"audio_id": "d8MItx5aBx0", "text": {"d8MItx5aBx0-00000-00000007-00000282": "(exciting music)", "d8MItx5aBx0-00001-00000647-00000964": "- We're excited to be a Dealer of Excellence for CLARK,", "d8MItx5aBx0-00002-00000964-00001307": "we're thankful to partner with a company like CLARK.", "d8MItx5aBx0-00003-00001307-00001564": "We're thankful for all the programs each year,", "d8MItx5aBx0-00004-00001564-00002064": "that they start for us to be able to sell their product,", "d8MItx5aBx0-00005-00002091-00002293": "and partner with the customers.", "d8MItx5aBx0-00006-00002293-00002430": "It's good to be part of a family", "d8MItx5aBx0-00007-00002430-00002588": "that cares about their customers,", "d8MItx5aBx0-00008-00002588-00002952": "and CLARK I think cares about people,", "d8MItx5aBx0-00009-00002952-00003190": "the people that work for them and their customers."}}, {"audio_id": "d8VfQTdzK9M", "text": {"d8VfQTdzK9M-00000-00000000-00000200": "Sad…"}}, {"audio_id": "d8YbkL_q86u", "text": {"d8YbkL_q86u-00000-00000174-00000684": "The strength of the film is it's diverse cast and complex ideas about democracy,", "d8YbkL_q86u-00001-00000684-00001208": "about our individual responsibilities, about the moral choices that we bear, and that our elected officials", "d8YbkL_q86u-00002-00001208-00001362": "must themselves negotiate.", "d8YbkL_q86u-00003-00001362-00001596": "Are they acting in their interests or our interests?", "d8YbkL_q86u-00004-00001596-00001955": "Whatever happens dude best of luck, you win, I support you fully.", "d8YbkL_q86u-00005-00001955-00002354": "My name is Steven Garza and I'm running for governor.", "d8YbkL_q86u-00006-00002354-00002694": "What happens when you bring together over a thousand teenage boys from Texas", "d8YbkL_q86u-00007-00002694-00002936": "and ask them to go through a mock election?", "d8YbkL_q86u-00008-00002936-00003542": "What can this experiment tell us about how the complex views of individuals get translated into politics?", "d8YbkL_q86u-00009-00003542-00004036": "Is the electoral process more about tribal competition or actual policy preferences?", "d8YbkL_q86u-00010-00004036-00004512": "Those are just some of the questions explored by the new film Boys State.", "d8YbkL_q86u-00011-00004512-00005064": "As to the political views voice of my speech sometimes you got to say what you got to say in an attempt to win.", "d8YbkL_q86u-00012-00005064-00005812": "I think he's a fantastic politician but i don't think a fantastic politician is a compliment either.", "d8YbkL_q86u-00013-00005812-00006332": "Boys state is a program of the American legion there's a program for girls too called Girl State,", "d8YbkL_q86u-00014-00006332-00006840": "and they're week-long annual civics camps held in the summer.", "d8YbkL_q86u-00015-00006840-00007362": "In 2017 we read that the boys in Texas had voted to secede from the union.", "d8YbkL_q86u-00016-00007362-00007704": "That provocative act got some attention it got our attention", "d8YbkL_q86u-00017-00007704-00008040": "and we thought what an interesting program because it actually brings", "d8YbkL_q86u-00018-00008040-00008375": "together teenagers from all different political", "d8YbkL_q86u-00019-00008375-00008632": "backgrounds and they get together and they talk to each other and they", "d8YbkL_q86u-00020-00008632-00009024": "they run for office they pass bills what do you say it's like the running of the", "d8YbkL_q86u-00021-00009024-00009328": "bulls it's like suddenly they're released into", "d8YbkL_q86u-00022-00009328-00009672": "the um yard and as you see in the film they", "d8YbkL_q86u-00023-00009672-00009975": "start their signature gathering for who the people who want to become governor", "d8YbkL_q86u-00024-00009975-00010392": "and sort of the alpha male business starts happening very quickly", "d8YbkL_q86u-00025-00010392-00010688": "it's a little early to start running for governor don't you think", "d8YbkL_q86u-00026-00010688-00011024": "we don't even have a party formed yet you don't have any", "d8YbkL_q86u-00027-00011024-00011392": "support in the primaries no but if you have to start early you have to", "d8YbkL_q86u-00028-00011392-00011720": "you don't have to start this early what do you believe in uh", "d8YbkL_q86u-00029-00011720-00012079": "my views will most likely align with the party for the majority of them", "d8YbkL_q86u-00030-00012079-00012392": "i want to hear open debates so in other words you're waiting for the party to", "d8YbkL_q86u-00031-00012392-00012568": "come up with an opinion and then you're gonna", "d8YbkL_q86u-00032-00012568-00012952": "go with the party what do you stand for though", "d8YbkL_q86u-00033-00012952-00013256": "you stand for freedom it's a bold policy the", "d8YbkL_q86u-00034-00013256-00013663": "culmination of the of the event is the election of of governor and then the", "d8YbkL_q86u-00035-00013663-00013976": "lesser offices the project is really to learn about the", "d8YbkL_q86u-00036-00013976-00014456": "challenges of the electoral process and of representative democracy", "d8YbkL_q86u-00037-00014456-00014823": "not so much the challenges of then governing", "d8YbkL_q86u-00038-00014823-00015144": "it's interesting to me that the process of boys state", "d8YbkL_q86u-00039-00015144-00015663": "is set up in such a way to put people in parties immediately", "d8YbkL_q86u-00040-00015663-00016072": "without knowing what their platform is without knowing who their leader is and", "d8YbkL_q86u-00041-00016072-00016351": "then they figure out what the parties mean later", "d8YbkL_q86u-00042-00016351-00016704": "and i'm wondering if you think that helps or hurts", "d8YbkL_q86u-00043-00016704-00017151": "any sort of parallels we might see in our current political environment", "d8YbkL_q86u-00044-00017151-00017512": "this is a question that we we've wrestled with um i mean", "d8YbkL_q86u-00045-00017512-00017895": "does the party structure federalists versus nationalists kind of", "d8YbkL_q86u-00046-00017895-00018272": "immediately introduce a sort of tribal competition and you see this", "d8YbkL_q86u-00047-00018272-00018648": "literally like chess beating you know beat the federalists beat the", "d8YbkL_q86u-00048-00018648-00018872": "nationalists well they don't stand for anything yet", "d8YbkL_q86u-00049-00018872-00019256": "what are you actually beating but also as a mirror reflection of what actually", "d8YbkL_q86u-00050-00019256-00019600": "happens in our country there is two parties that rule the", "d8YbkL_q86u-00051-00019600-00019912": "school and i think to some degree the question here is", "d8YbkL_q86u-00052-00019912-00020440": "can those two parties in their tribal space in their tribal face-off have", "d8YbkL_q86u-00053-00020440-00021000": "civil discourse that's the whole idea is you are on opposite sides of i mean", "d8YbkL_q86u-00054-00021000-00021256": "you know i guess a sports analogy would be on the", "d8YbkL_q86u-00055-00021256-00021800": "opposite end of the field can you still um talk to each other i will skip the", "d8YbkL_q86u-00056-00021800-00022287": "part where i brag for three minutes about how great and cool i am seeing as", "d8YbkL_q86u-00057-00022287-00022608": "we are all qualified young men of skill and", "d8YbkL_q86u-00058-00022608-00022895": "character people like that stuff yeah people like", "d8YbkL_q86u-00059-00022895-00023184": "that stuff a lot", "d8YbkL_q86u-00060-00023320-00023623": "some people say they're a sports junkie i say i'm a politics junkie", "d8YbkL_q86u-00061-00023623-00024056": "the heart of the conflict the more glorious i'm playing this like a game", "d8YbkL_q86u-00062-00024056-00024384": "i would like very much to win i love it boys i love it where you from i come", "d8YbkL_q86u-00063-00024384-00024712": "from a very modest family i'm on the course to be the first one to", "d8YbkL_q86u-00064-00024712-00025143": "graduate from high school i'm a progressive person and i'm in a room", "d8YbkL_q86u-00065-00025143-00025775": "full of mostly conservative people our masculinity shall not be infringed", "d8YbkL_q86u-00066-00025775-00026119": "i've never seen so many white people ever i feel like", "d8YbkL_q86u-00067-00026119-00026872": "everybody has a secret underlying need for bipartisanship", "d8YbkL_q86u-00068-00026872-00027352": "a message of unity as good as it sounds is not winning anyone any elections", "d8YbkL_q86u-00069-00027352-00027639": "i think you know regardless of where you come from on the political spectrum i", "d8YbkL_q86u-00070-00027639-00027888": "think you're going to find an entry point in this film and you're going to", "d8YbkL_q86u-00071-00027888-00028239": "find um i think in an unlikely place i think", "d8YbkL_q86u-00072-00028239-00028560": "a valuable perspective on where we're at as a country", "d8YbkL_q86u-00073-00028560-00028904": "a lot of questions that we leave to the audience uh it's", "d8YbkL_q86u-00074-00028904-00029344": "i think a complicated story we have very diverse complicated characters", "d8YbkL_q86u-00075-00029344-00029695": "i think in documentary we sometimes hunger for a kind of certain binary", "d8YbkL_q86u-00076-00029695-00029952": "truth and and we all know that's really not", "d8YbkL_q86u-00077-00029952-00030447": "reality uh we want simplistic heroes and and maybe we should expect more uh", "d8YbkL_q86u-00078-00030447-00030791": "complicated ones it was interesting to see not so much in", "d8YbkL_q86u-00079-00030791-00031239": "the party platforms but amongst the boys collectively certain um issues", "d8YbkL_q86u-00080-00031239-00031616": "um positions that sort of ran in in ways that we wouldn't", "d8YbkL_q86u-00081-00031616-00031895": "expect i mean they were as a whole much more", "d8YbkL_q86u-00082-00031895-00032288": "tolerant it seemed of social social issues than we imagined", "d8YbkL_q86u-00083-00032288-00032656": "texas teenage predominantly white conservative boys to be so", "d8YbkL_q86u-00084-00032656-00033024": "they were not all predictable and i think maybe they're just modern 17 year", "d8YbkL_q86u-00085-00033024-00033384": "old boys did you walk away from this hopeful", "d8YbkL_q86u-00086-00033384-00033919": "i did did you oh very much so i mean i love that it's honest and", "d8YbkL_q86u-00087-00033919-00034303": "it was shocking and frightening and i saw some of the darker currents", "d8YbkL_q86u-00088-00034303-00034888": "of of our politics um in in expressed by young men which is alarming", "d8YbkL_q86u-00089-00034888-00035128": "um i i expect they would be expressed by", "d8YbkL_q86u-00090-00035128-00035712": "young women too i think it's no surprise but i think that um", "d8YbkL_q86u-00091-00035712-00036056": "and i don't agree with all of their politics all these guys in the movie but", "d8YbkL_q86u-00092-00036056-00036503": "i really did all of them i was inspired by them", "d8YbkL_q86u-00093-00036503-00037831": "and i was i am hopeful you know and it's nice to be hopeful in a dark moment"}}, {"audio_id": "d8a5wvPlZSc", "text": {"d8a5wvPlZSc-00000-00000053-00000329": "When I was a boy, I enjoyed playing video games.", "d8a5wvPlZSc-00001-00000329-00000957": "I started with an Atari 2600, then bought a Nintendo Entertainment System, then a Nintendo", "d8a5wvPlZSc-00002-00000957-00001236": "Game Boy, and finally a Super Nintendo.", "d8a5wvPlZSc-00003-00001236-00001754": "I used to play mainly on weekends, usually only for an hour or two.", "d8a5wvPlZSc-00004-00001754-00002289": "During the week, I would come home from school, do my homework, and then go outside and play.", "d8a5wvPlZSc-00005-00002289-00002655": "Playing outside was always a better option than playing video games.", "d8a5wvPlZSc-00006-00002655-00002992": "If the weather was bad, of course, playing a video game was a good option.", "d8a5wvPlZSc-00007-00002992-00003148": "But that’s all it was.", "d8a5wvPlZSc-00008-00003148-00003611": "I don’t recall sitting in front of the TV all day long just playing video games (and", "d8a5wvPlZSc-00009-00003611-00004098": "even if I wanted to, my mum probably told me to turn it off and go outside for a while).", "d8a5wvPlZSc-00010-00004098-00004407": "Being addicted to video games was simply not a thing back then.", "d8a5wvPlZSc-00011-00004407-00004937": "I don’t recall any children who didn’t want to go outside and play with their friends.", "d8a5wvPlZSc-00012-00004937-00005578": "By the time I had played the Super Nintendo for a year or so, around 1994 I believe, I", "d8a5wvPlZSc-00013-00005578-00005817": "was no longer interested in video game consoles.", "d8a5wvPlZSc-00014-00005817-00006512": "I was more interested in computing and programming, so my parents ended up buying our first PC.", "d8a5wvPlZSc-00015-00006512-00006913": "I still played games on it, but mainly used it for other things.", "d8a5wvPlZSc-00016-00006913-00007626": "Around 1995 or 1996, some of my friends were out buying the very popular Sony PlayStation.", "d8a5wvPlZSc-00017-00007626-00008118": "It was an immediate success selling millions of machines across the world, but I was just", "d8a5wvPlZSc-00018-00008118-00008286": "not interested in it.", "d8a5wvPlZSc-00019-00008286-00008632": "Actually since then, I have never been tempted to buy a new console.", "d8a5wvPlZSc-00020-00008632-00008895": "For whatever reason, I’m just not interested in them.", "d8a5wvPlZSc-00021-00008895-00009399": "But this didn’t mean I wasn’t still interested in gaming – not by a long shot.", "d8a5wvPlZSc-00022-00009399-00009499": "Early Addiction", "d8a5wvPlZSc-00023-00009499-00009952": "Over the years, I’ve gone through periods of playing lots of computer games, especially", "d8a5wvPlZSc-00024-00009952-00010179": "during periods of loneliness.", "d8a5wvPlZSc-00025-00010179-00010749": "During my first year in Japan, I recall buying a new custom-made computer and playing lots", "d8a5wvPlZSc-00026-00010749-00010982": "of Civilization III and Counter-Strike.", "d8a5wvPlZSc-00027-00010982-00011584": "Civ 3 was a great game, but even for a relatively small map, you needed to invest lots of hours", "d8a5wvPlZSc-00028-00011584-00011684": "to finish it.", "d8a5wvPlZSc-00029-00011684-00012215": "I remember spending all day (maybe 8 to 10 hours) playing a single game and then feeling", "d8a5wvPlZSc-00030-00012215-00012384": "immensely guilty afterwards.", "d8a5wvPlZSc-00031-00012384-00013003": "However, I kept playing it every free day I had for probably about two or three months.", "d8a5wvPlZSc-00032-00013003-00013540": "It wasn’t until a new flatmate moved in around 2002 that I realised the error of my", "d8a5wvPlZSc-00033-00013540-00013640": "ways.", "d8a5wvPlZSc-00034-00013640-00014148": "He was a guy from America who used to work for Microsoft and was a self-proclaimed ex-video", "d8a5wvPlZSc-00035-00014148-00014305": "game addict.", "d8a5wvPlZSc-00036-00014305-00014754": "Again, video game addiction wasn’t really a thing back then (or wasn’t really talked", "d8a5wvPlZSc-00037-00014754-00015059": "about), but he used the terminology.", "d8a5wvPlZSc-00038-00015059-00015431": "One evening, we sat down together to have a drink after work.", "d8a5wvPlZSc-00039-00015431-00015945": "He was talking about wasting his life away playing video games back in America and not", "d8a5wvPlZSc-00040-00015945-00016136": "experiencing his life.", "d8a5wvPlZSc-00041-00016136-00016594": "He started telling me how grateful he felt being able to live and experience Japan.", "d8a5wvPlZSc-00042-00016594-00017081": "He would go out walking every day with his video camera and explore all the nooks and", "d8a5wvPlZSc-00043-00017081-00017189": "crannies of Osaka.", "d8a5wvPlZSc-00044-00017189-00017727": "It was that very evening I realised that I had to stop playing computer games.", "d8a5wvPlZSc-00045-00017727-00018184": "I was wasting my life and achieving nothing except a new high-score.", "d8a5wvPlZSc-00046-00018184-00018349": "Mass Addiction and MMORPGs", "d8a5wvPlZSc-00047-00018349-00019108": "I returned to Australia in 2003 and caught up with my old friends.", "d8a5wvPlZSc-00048-00019108-00019620": "They all had computers by now and were gaming fairly frequently, although they were still", "d8a5wvPlZSc-00049-00019620-00020006": "happy to go out and watch a movie, or whatever.", "d8a5wvPlZSc-00050-00020006-00020654": "In late 2004 the monster online RPG, World of Warcraft (WoW), was released.", "d8a5wvPlZSc-00051-00020654-00021117": "Almost all my friends dived in and started playing it, although I was a bit hesitant.", "d8a5wvPlZSc-00052-00021117-00021720": "A couple of months went past and I had only seen my friends a couple of times since they", "d8a5wvPlZSc-00053-00021720-00021833": "started playing.", "d8a5wvPlZSc-00054-00021833-00022236": "They pretty much only talked about WoW and how much they enjoyed it.", "d8a5wvPlZSc-00055-00022236-00022687": "They also talked about the great online social interactions they had with other users while", "d8a5wvPlZSc-00056-00022687-00022787": "playing.", "d8a5wvPlZSc-00057-00022787-00023228": "I became a bit jealous that their online WoW friends were becoming more important than", "d8a5wvPlZSc-00058-00023228-00023619": "me, so I thought I better sign up and give WoW a go.", "d8a5wvPlZSc-00059-00023619-00024259": "I had been given a 30 day trial CD, so installed WOW, made a character, advanced a few levels,", "d8a5wvPlZSc-00060-00024259-00024429": "and then met up with my friends online.", "d8a5wvPlZSc-00061-00024429-00024737": "They were so excited that I had finally joined up.", "d8a5wvPlZSc-00062-00024737-00025229": "I played WoW for about a month and then started having the same guilty feelings that I had", "d8a5wvPlZSc-00063-00025229-00025339": "previously in Japan.", "d8a5wvPlZSc-00064-00025339-00025802": "I felt like I was wasting my life and achieving nothing, so I quit.", "d8a5wvPlZSc-00065-00025802-00026141": "My friends weren’t too happy, and none of them were willing to quit with me.", "d8a5wvPlZSc-00066-00026141-00026712": "They were having too much fun and thought I was being a bit holier-than-thou.", "d8a5wvPlZSc-00067-00026712-00026956": "The next six months were very lonely.", "d8a5wvPlZSc-00068-00026956-00027477": "My friends were clearly addicted to WoW and were not going out any more except to work", "d8a5wvPlZSc-00069-00027477-00027687": "and have the occasional after-work drink.", "d8a5wvPlZSc-00070-00027687-00028214": "I decided that I had to go back to Japan if I wanted to relieve my loneliness, as I still", "d8a5wvPlZSc-00071-00028214-00028638": "had a few friends over there from my last stint.", "d8a5wvPlZSc-00072-00028638-00029019": "In 2005, I got a job in a junior high school working for the local government.", "d8a5wvPlZSc-00073-00029019-00029497": "I bought myself a new computer and a fast Internet connection, so spent a lot of time", "d8a5wvPlZSc-00074-00029497-00029616": "on the Web.", "d8a5wvPlZSc-00075-00029616-00030061": "YouTube had just recently been released, so I spent a lot of my free time watching online", "d8a5wvPlZSc-00076-00030061-00030163": "videos.", "d8a5wvPlZSc-00077-00030163-00030620": "People were starting to talk about Video Game Addiction and there were a few cases of people", "d8a5wvPlZSc-00078-00030620-00030975": "dying from it (mainly in Korea and China).", "d8a5wvPlZSc-00079-00030975-00031672": "Seung Seop Lee, a South Korean, died from playing Starcraft for 50 solid hours.", "d8a5wvPlZSc-00080-00031672-00031966": "Video Game Addiction was becoming deadly.", "d8a5wvPlZSc-00081-00031966-00032069": "Return to Sanity?", "d8a5wvPlZSc-00082-00032069-00032570": "I came back to Australia in 2006 and was eager to catch up with my friends.", "d8a5wvPlZSc-00083-00032570-00032871": "But I couldn’t believe it – they were all still playing WoW!", "d8a5wvPlZSc-00084-00032871-00033322": "At least they were willing to leave the house a little bit more, but the topic of conversation", "d8a5wvPlZSc-00085-00033322-00033496": "was always WoW.", "d8a5wvPlZSc-00086-00033496-00033691": "This went on for another couple of years.", "d8a5wvPlZSc-00087-00033691-00034072": "I was a bit depressed that everybody was playing video games so often.", "d8a5wvPlZSc-00088-00034072-00034600": "It wasn’t until around 2008 that my friends finally started coming to their senses.", "d8a5wvPlZSc-00089-00034600-00035158": "One of my mates invited me over to his house one day and told me about how guilty he was", "d8a5wvPlZSc-00090-00035158-00035258": "feeling.", "d8a5wvPlZSc-00091-00035258-00035684": "He had wasted the last three or four years of his life, ignored his health, friends and", "d8a5wvPlZSc-00092-00035684-00035791": "family.", "d8a5wvPlZSc-00093-00035791-00036163": "He quit cold turkey and started exercising again.", "d8a5wvPlZSc-00094-00036163-00036666": "Another one of my friends followed suit, but many others continued to play.", "d8a5wvPlZSc-00095-00036666-00037147": "It was at that time I decided to go live and work in China where I met my future wife.", "d8a5wvPlZSc-00096-00037147-00037606": "Anyway, since then, my friends have been going on and off the wagon.", "d8a5wvPlZSc-00097-00037606-00037988": "I think they are all fighting the urge not to go and play the latest game, but they often", "d8a5wvPlZSc-00098-00037988-00038088": "can’t resist.", "d8a5wvPlZSc-00099-00038088-00038506": "I know they really do want to quit, but I think they feel bored with their lives and", "d8a5wvPlZSc-00100-00038506-00038949": "gaming makes them feel (at least temporarily) a little bit happier.", "d8a5wvPlZSc-00101-00038949-00039211": "I guess this could be said about any addiction.", "d8a5wvPlZSc-00102-00039211-00039705": "People feel unfulfilled in their lives so turn to an activity where they can find some", "d8a5wvPlZSc-00103-00039705-00039805": "solace.", "d8a5wvPlZSc-00104-00039805-00040202": "I’ve always had a love-hate relationship with computer games and occasionally fall", "d8a5wvPlZSc-00105-00040202-00040471": "off the wagon and play a game for three or four days.", "d8a5wvPlZSc-00106-00040471-00040913": "However, now that I have children, I quickly snap out of it and realise that there is more", "d8a5wvPlZSc-00107-00040913-00041185": "to life than living in an imaginary world.", "d8a5wvPlZSc-00108-00041185-00041586": "I hope listeners who suffer from an addiction can find the strength to quit.", "d8a5wvPlZSc-00109-00041586-00042072": "I know it’s hard, but luckily we live in an age where plenty of support is available.", "d8a5wvPlZSc-00110-00042072-00042562": "Just do a search for \"video game addiction\" online and you'll find a tonne of results.", "d8a5wvPlZSc-00111-00042562-00042833": "Please place your own stories of addiction in the comments section below."}}, {"audio_id": "d8bEzl-0QQk", "text": {"d8bEzl-0QQk-00000-00000516-00000894": "My name is Brandi Hamilton and I am a global marketing and public relations", "d8bEzl-0QQk-00001-00000894-00001466": "specialist at Novus International. My MBA program really supports me in my career", "d8bEzl-0QQk-00002-00001466-00002108": "role. This is a new role for me, I deal with very high level business issues and many", "d8bEzl-0QQk-00003-00002108-00002719": "of the things I learned in my classes are things that I can apply to my everyday", "d8bEzl-0QQk-00004-00002719-00003579": "responsibilities. In all my classes my professors have either started a", "d8bEzl-0QQk-00005-00003579-00004175": "business or are very high level in their company. And going  for my MBA that is", "d8bEzl-0QQk-00006-00004175-00004776": "something important for me, so I learned a lot from them. I enjoy their honesty", "d8bEzl-0QQk-00007-00004776-00005140": "their candidness, and just their experience.", "d8bEzl-0QQk-00008-00005140-00005752": "Since pursuing my MBA at Webster, my career has really skyrocketed", "d8bEzl-0QQk-00009-00005752-00006178": "and I can  credit that to the skills I learned in my MBA program.", "d8bEzl-0QQk-00010-00006178-00006523": "My name is Brandi Hamilton and I am a Gorlock!"}}, {"audio_id": "d9jwZcbLLHc", "text": {"d9jwZcbLLHc-00000-00001172-00001283": "I'm going to read you a story.", "d9jwZcbLLHc-00001-00001300-00001655": "We want to know what the story wants us to do, Eva.", "d9jwZcbLLHc-00002-00001683-00002607": "There were seven sweets, Nangamso took four of them. How many are left?", "d9jwZcbLLHc-00003-00002644-00002696": "Did you hear?", "d9jwZcbLLHc-00004-00002819-00003107": "Please listen, Inathi. I'll read again.", "d9jwZcbLLHc-00005-00003139-00003932": "There were seven sweets, Nangamso took four of them. How many are left?", "d9jwZcbLLHc-00006-00003956-00004292": "- Now wait. Before you... -  Yes, teacher... They are three.", "d9jwZcbLLHc-00007-00004292-00004411": "- Look. - There are three sweets, teacher.", "d9jwZcbLLHc-00008-00004411-00004588": "Wait, I didn't ask anyone.", "d9jwZcbLLHc-00009-00004596-00004900": "I want us to do this together using blocks.", "d9jwZcbLLHc-00010-00004920-00005339": "- How many blocks do we have? - They are five... Six... Seven.", "d9jwZcbLLHc-00011-00005339-00005807": "- There are seven blocks. How many sweets did Nangamso eat? - Four sweets.", "d9jwZcbLLHc-00012-00005807-00006060": "She ate four sweets.", "d9jwZcbLLHc-00013-00006139-00006379": "- Now, how many sweets are we left with? - Three sweets.", "d9jwZcbLLHc-00014-00006379-00006907": "We are left with three sweets. Look, we will write this as a number sentence.", "d9jwZcbLLHc-00015-00007004-00007504": "If we say someone is subtracting... How knows how to write a subtraction sign?", "d9jwZcbLLHc-00016-00007579-00007868": "I will show you. What's our number sentence?", "d9jwZcbLLHc-00017-00007943-00008159": "- Three. - What do we start with?", "d9jwZcbLLHc-00018-00008159-00008384": "- Seven. - Yes, seven...", "d9jwZcbLLHc-00019-00008395-00008687": "- Equal to... Plus... - Are we adding now?", "d9jwZcbLLHc-00020-00008723-00008871": "- No, teacher. - What are we doing now?", "d9jwZcbLLHc-00021-00008871-00009235": "- We are subtracting. - We are subtracting, right?", "d9jwZcbLLHc-00022-00009243-00009720": "- We started with seven. How many did we subtract from seven? - Four.", "d9jwZcbLLHc-00023-00009720-00010184": "We subtracted four, good. Seven subtract four. How many were we left with?", "d9jwZcbLLHc-00024-00010223-00010615": "- We were left with three. - Yes, we were left with three.", "d9jwZcbLLHc-00025-00010628-00010828": "- Equal to... - Do you see it now? Look.", "d9jwZcbLLHc-00026-00010843-00011328": "What we're going to do now, we'll do these things in our books. Sure."}}, {"audio_id": "d9C8zk5_dFI", "text": {"d9C8zk5_dFI-00000-00000056-00000624": "hi welcome to casa grace we really love this place we're just really disappointed that we need", "d9C8zk5_dFI-00001-00000624-00001344": "to sell it our daughter's moving away from this property and we have to get rid of it thank you", "d9C8zk5_dFI-00002-00001488-00002176": "casa grace is equipped with two nine gallon propane tanks uh they lasted us for an entire", "d9C8zk5_dFI-00003-00002176-00003032": "year with with off and on usage to heat hot water it has a full regular mobile home style", "d9C8zk5_dFI-00004-00003088-00003920": "chassis and trailer hitch and you can see here on the back also has a high-end mitsubishi", "d9C8zk5_dFI-00005-00004072-00004888": "split and the venting from the bathroom an extra air vent to add air to the bathroom", "d9C8zk5_dFI-00006-00004952-00005832": "venting for the hot water heater and venting for the separate toilet it's set up currently with a", "d9C8zk5_dFI-00007-00006016-00007008": "gray water system and also has a grease trap and gray water system which drains off", "d9C8zk5_dFI-00008-00007008-00007608": "into a drain field on the back you'll see there is the electrical panel", "d9C8zk5_dFI-00009-00007831-00008608": "electrical panels and there's also a video feed has wired in video in the bedroom and in the main", "d9C8zk5_dFI-00010-00008608-00010056": "room and it also has the extra for video it has standard water rv water hookup and rv style sewage", "d9C8zk5_dFI-00011-00010192-00011128": "drain and also a 50 amp circuit and a standard very long pigtail to an rv", "d9C8zk5_dFI-00012-00011240-00012224": "regular rv connection power connection the siding is heavy gauge metal corrugated metal and it will", "d9C8zk5_dFI-00013-00012224-00013032": "eventually rust out to be a rust color the entire length this is the back of the tiny home it's the", "d9C8zk5_dFI-00014-00013032-00013544": "back side of the living room you can see the clear story windows go all the way across the top above", "d9C8zk5_dFI-00015-00013544-00014336": "the bedroom and that is the bathroom window this is the front of casa grace as we call it", "d9C8zk5_dFI-00016-00014336-00015136": "you'll see it has an awning which can be removed for for relocating the tiny home and an outdoor", "d9C8zk5_dFI-00017-00015136-00015656": "light fixture which also needs to be removed in order to maintain the eight and a half foot width", "d9C8zk5_dFI-00018-00015904-00016560": "the deck is possible to to be included you would need to dismantle it obviously", "d9C8zk5_dFI-00019-00016560-00017160": "and take it in pieces it's a full cedar deck this is the front of the tiny home", "d9C8zk5_dFI-00020-00017384-00017912": "this is the other end from the trailer hitch it has a bay window that overhangs adds a couple", "d9C8zk5_dFI-00021-00017912-00018760": "of extra feet to the length the trailer itself is 28 feet in length the trailer is a standard", "d9C8zk5_dFI-00022-00018848-00019664": "mobile home style chassis and trailer it has triple axels with electric brakes", "d9C8zk5_dFI-00023-00019720-00020240": "the wheels are removable and have been removed for blocking and stabilization", "d9C8zk5_dFI-00024-00020376-00020904": "the front entrance to the tiny home comes in right into the kitchen end of the living room", "d9C8zk5_dFI-00025-00021072-00021520": "switches are controlled there for most of the lighting inside the tiny home", "d9C8zk5_dFI-00026-00021584-00021856": "to the right is the bedroom and bathroom", "d9C8zk5_dFI-00027-00022024-00022744": "here is the kitchen there's plenty of storage above the counters since the ceiling is vaulted", "d9C8zk5_dFI-00028-00022864-00023696": "the microwave cubby is actually large enough for a larger toaster oven convection oven slash", "d9C8zk5_dFI-00029-00023696-00024416": "microwave it has a full full heavy circuit for that it has an exhaust fan that goes to", "d9C8zk5_dFI-00030-00024416-00025400": "the outside with a light the stove is a two burner propane stove it has a large burner", "d9C8zk5_dFI-00031-00025400-00025920": "in the back and a smaller burner in the front super efficient and powerful", "d9C8zk5_dFI-00032-00026127-00026552": "we found the wood cutting board on top to be handy for extra counter space and to", "d9C8zk5_dFI-00033-00026616-00027152": "cover that the refrigerator is under counter but it is a large", "d9C8zk5_dFI-00034-00027152-00027639": "under counter refrigerator it goes it's very deep and has lots of capacity", "d9C8zk5_dFI-00035-00027816-00028527": "three drawers and the cupboard under the sink has room for a lot of other things", "d9C8zk5_dFI-00036-00028632-00029320": "we've also added a small storage shelf to the left of the refrigerator", "d9C8zk5_dFI-00037-00029408-00030183": "carbon monoxide detector the rest of the living room is mostly all windows", "d9C8zk5_dFI-00038-00030304-00031048": "when you're inside you feel like you're outside all of the windows open and have screens", "d9C8zk5_dFI-00039-00031160-00031736": "including the bottom windows the only windows that do not open are the windows at the end of the", "d9C8zk5_dFI-00040-00031848-00032720": "bay window they are fixed there's the mini split the small windows up up in the corners do not", "d9C8zk5_dFI-00041-00032720-00033600": "open either included in the price are the two recliners very comfortable we have included a", "d9C8zk5_dFI-00042-00033600-00034160": "small drop leaf table which we'll take with us but it does have room for an ice table", "d9C8zk5_dFI-00043-00034432-00035184": "the floors are the floors are vinyl plank", "d9C8zk5_dFI-00044-00035416-00036024": "coming into the bedroom it's a queen-size foam mattress which is included underneath the bed", "d9C8zk5_dFI-00045-00036024-00036864": "there are storage drawers on both sides there are cupboards on each side of the bed three drawers on", "d9C8zk5_dFI-00046-00036864-00037840": "the bottom a nice uh marble top on the nightstand with space and a plug and charging station there", "d9C8zk5_dFI-00047-00037920-00038656": "and both sides of the bed have a closet that have hanging space and storage space above", "d9C8zk5_dFI-00048-00039320-00039664": "nice headboard and reading lamps in the bedroom", "d9C8zk5_dFI-00049-00039808-00040320": "the bedroom is divided from the living room by a barn door", "d9C8zk5_dFI-00050-00040680-00041680": "in the bathroom is divided from the bedroom by a pocket door which slides in on the toilet side", "d9C8zk5_dFI-00051-00041776-00042312": "it's equipped right now with a separate toilet which is composting toilet and creates", "d9C8zk5_dFI-00052-00042384-00043040": "gray water but it also has the plumbing and the connections water connections and that sort of", "d9C8zk5_dFI-00053-00043040-00044064": "thing for a regular flush toilet here's the sink it has a marble top the mirror is lit and heated", "d9C8zk5_dFI-00054-00044280-00044416": "so it doesn't fog up", "d9C8zk5_dFI-00055-00044584-00045152": "there's a little marble shelf above the shower good ventilation quiet ventilation fan nice", "d9C8zk5_dFI-00056-00045152-00045960": "windows above the shower and behind me above the toilet that open nice big shower it's a four foot", "d9C8zk5_dFI-00057-00046096-00047088": "by three foot shower the hot water is heated by a large capacity high capacity", "d9C8zk5_dFI-00058-00047296-00047784": "water heater energy star", "d9C8zk5_dFI-00059-00047920-00048568": "nice linen cupboard above the water heater and more storage up above also", "d9C8zk5_dFI-00060-00048808-00049760": "turning around coming back out you can see the bedroom and walking along towards the living room", "d9C8zk5_dFI-00061-00050448-00050816": "and that is casa grace a light airy", "d9C8zk5_dFI-00062-00051032-00051984": "beautiful little tiny home that we have loved dearly", "d9C8zk5_dFI-00063-00052176-00052184": "you"}}, {"audio_id": "d9QR_GtIrmY", "text": {"d9QR_GtIrmY-00000-00000001-00000403": "You can download Maptool from the rptools", "d9QR_GtIrmY-00001-00000405-00000807": "webpage. There are", "d9QR_GtIrmY-00002-00000809-00001213": "two ways. 1) download a package", "d9QR_GtIrmY-00003-00001215-00001621": "as seen here for", "d9QR_GtIrmY-00004-00001623-00002023": "either Linux/Windows or Mac OR even simple use JAVA web start", "d9QR_GtIrmY-00005-00002025-00002428": "at Launch. Again several versions.", "d9QR_GtIrmY-00006-00002430-00002837": "Make the memory settings you need - they are saved with the webstart file", "d9QR_GtIrmY-00007-00002839-00003244": "and \"download link as\"", "d9QR_GtIrmY-00008-00003246-00003649": "somewhere on your harddrive.", "d9QR_GtIrmY-00009-00003651-00004056": "Execute it. Java might", "d9QR_GtIrmY-00010-00004058-00004463": "want to download some components", "d9QR_GtIrmY-00011-00004465-00004868": "allow that", "d9QR_GtIrmY-00012-00004870-00005273": "and java begins to download maptool", "d9QR_GtIrmY-00013-00005275-00005675": "create a program icon and runs it", "d9QR_GtIrmY-00014-00005677-00006078": "set where the icon should be saved", "d9QR_GtIrmY-00015-00006080-00006478": "here its automatically started, otherwise use the new icon", "d9QR_GtIrmY-00016-00006480-00007028": "and done! Maptools!"}}, {"audio_id": "d9aXfHXQ_k8", "text": {"d9aXfHXQ_k8-00000-00012826-00013303": "After about a hundred years of British Rule", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00001-00013303-00013730": "The concept of revolution began to grow", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00002-00013730-00014211": "Particularly among the landlords and their yes-men", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00003-00014210-00014477": "The common people were also restless", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00004-00014477-00015041": "Resentment against British Rule was spreading", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00005-00015041-00015728": "People were fed up with British arrogance", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00006-00015729-00016213": "The corruption in the ranks of the East India Company", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00007-00016212-00016512": "had made the lives of the people miserable", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00008-00016513-00017134": "They did not care for India's ancient tradition", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00009-00017133-00017476": "or its thought and sentiment", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00010-00017477-00017931": "absolute power had corrupted them absolutely", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00011-00017931-00018228": "Hence, they had begun to indulge themselves", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00012-00020066-00020589": "We are the lords of this land! This is our India!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00013-00021117-00021374": "Pure is this peoples land!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00014-00021374-00021857": "Dearer to us than Heaven!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00015-00022896-00023353": "This beloved land is ours forever!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00016-00023353-00023847": "The entire world is lit by its inner Light!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00017-00023847-00024357": "How beautiful is this land, the loveliest in the world!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00018-00028034-00028501": "This land where Ganga and Yamuna flow", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00019-00028501-00028985": "Standing guard above are the snowy mountains", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00020-00028985-00029869": "On the shores below the ocean beats a rhythm", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00021-00033136-00033627": "Motherland! The patriots call out to thee today!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00022-00033626-00034110": "Break the chains of slavery and fire our spirits", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00023-00034110-00034590": "Hindus! Muslims! Sikhs! They are all our brothers!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00024-00038388-00038712": "So, you have reached at last!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00025-00038712-00038942": "Yes, Brother!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00026-00038942-00039223": "Where do you all stay?", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00027-00039222-00039422": "Don't ask! There's no fixed place!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00028-00039422-00039729": "We have a long journey ahead", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00029-00039729-00039982": "We'll leave during the night", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00030-00039983-00040280": "Before dawn!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00031-00040280-00040490": "You'll travel at night!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00032-00040797-00041014": "Whom should we fear?", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00033-00041014-00041275": "We are not alone!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00034-00041274-00041434": "Are you soldiers?", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00035-00041434-00041657": "Yes!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00036-00041658-00041822": "Where are you going?", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00037-00041821-00041988": "Wherever we feel like", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00038-00041988-00042248": "We are travelling all over!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00039-00042248-00042678": "We are also travellers from a small village in Konkan!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00040-00042679-00043030": "He is Vishnupant and I am Krishnaji Pant", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00041-00043029-00043202": "We are going to Gwalior", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00042-00043720-00043937": "My respects, O Brahmins!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00043-00043937-00044177": "What will you do in Gwalior?", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00044-00044177-00044384": "It is not safe to travel", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00045-00044384-00044888": "Queen Baijabai of Gwalior is holding a yagna", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00046-00044888-00045108": "Many learned Brahmins will be there", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00047-00045108-00045389": "They'll be given good alms", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00048-00045388-00045797": "God willing we will be among them!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00049-00045865-00046174": "From Konkan to Gwalior!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00050-00046242-00046449": "What is the need to go so far?", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00051-00046449-00046682": "There's nothing to eat in the village", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00052-00046816-00047226": "When the Peshwas were ruling Maharashtra", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00053-00047227-00047604": "the nobles would give huge alms", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00054-00047604-00048051": "to perform some ritual or the other", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00055-00048051-00048482": "With the Peshwas removed who bothers about nobles?", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00056-00048481-00048938": "Besides, people no longer have faith", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00057-00048938-00049428": "A yagna is being held after years! So we are going!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00058-00049429-00049609": "We will earn something!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00059-00049763-00049953": "You are learned Brahmins!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00060-00049953-00050157": "We are illiterate soldiers!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00061-00050156-00050439": "We are like the oxen in the field", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00062-00050440-00050697": "You know all about Heaven and Earth", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00063-00050697-00051094": "But listen to us now! Go back to your village!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00064-00051094-00051341": "Go back? Where?", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00065-00051341-00051521": "and what do we eat?", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00066-00051521-00051828": "No! The Gwalior yagna is our only hope", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00067-00051828-00052192": "The yagna will not be held!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00068-00052192-00052609": "What? Has Baijabai changed her mind?", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00069-00052609-00052719": "How do you know this?", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00070-00052719-00052953": "The revolution has started", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00071-00053103-00053213": "Don't you know?", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00072-00053213-00053473": "Has the war against the British started?", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00073-00053473-00053991": "Of course? Meerut and Delhi have been liberated!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00074-00053990-00054249": "There'll be more bloodshed!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00075-00054424-00054691": "Kingdoms will vanish!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00076-00054691-00054814": "King will change!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00077-00054918-00055359": "But who will dare fight the English?", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00078-00055358-00055745": "We! The soldiers and the peasants!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00079-00055745-00056108": "Those who fight and those who till the land", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00080-00056109-00056587": "II together defeat the English", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00081-00056586-00057019": "How? They are very powerfu", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00082-00057020-00057491": "We are told that their rule was just", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00083-00057490-00057837": "We hear many changes are taking place", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00084-00057837-00058257": "Many things unknown in India are coming", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00085-00058258-00058749": "A horseless carriage on special rails", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00086-00058748-00058907": "It is such a big carriage", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00087-00059239-00059536": "Yes! Many things have changed", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00088-00059536-00059803": "but not for the good!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00089-00059803-00060217": "You talk of bad times! Who brought these bad times?", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00090-00060216-00060386": "The English!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00091-00060387-00060830": "First, they ousted our Kings", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00092-00060830-00061260": "Now they want to destroy our faith", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00093-00061261-00061375": "Really?", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00094-00061374-00061487": "Of course", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00095-00061488-00062019": "The news may not have reached you but", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00096-00062018-00062417": "I know! I have seen it with own eyes", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00097-00062936-00063539": "The sons of India are proud of this land of milky rivers", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00098-00063830-00064383": "Where pearls grew on trees, the earth was a gold mine", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00099-00064704-00065234": "The peasant and the craftsmen were happy!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00100-00065532-00066450": "Naked and starving!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00101-00066449-00067129": "That's my poor India now!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00102-00067914-00069021": "The englishman came to trade from a far-off land", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00103-00069022-00069592": "One hand held the scale, the other hid a dagger", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00104-00070153-00070721": "Nibbled away the land, the deceitful liar!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00105-00070720-00071637": "Naked and starving!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00106-00071638-00072792": "That's my poor India now!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00107-00074314-00074615": "The trader came to my door", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00108-00074614-00075081": "He bought cloth, spices and jewels from me", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00109-00075081-00075581": "Built a warehouse to store it and an army to protect it", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00110-00075582-00076059": "and then he became the King!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00111-00076059-00076550": "Without an attack or a fight he said he was doing good", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00112-00076549-00077046": "Ousted the Kings and killed the craftsmen!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00113-00077047-00077534": "Destroyed the fields and grabbed the lands!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00114-00077534-00077784": "The trader now became the Governor!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00115-00077784-00078065": "Then he brought the Governor General!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00116-00078064-00078387": "name was Dalhousie!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00117-00078388-00078879": "Cunning, scheming and fraudulent are the English", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00118-00078878-00079121": "One day he issued an order", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00119-00079122-00079606": "If a King, a Queen or a Nawab", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00120-00079606-00080070": "dies without a heir, the kingdom is seized", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00121-00080070-00080577": "Adoptions are banned and treaties forgotten", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00122-00080577-00081201": "Bengal, Orissa, Mysore, Bihar Dalhousie ate them all!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00123-00081201-00081438": "Without even a burp!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00124-00081648-00082169": "The puppets in Poona and Delhi began to dance", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00125-00082168-00082631": "The trainer became the monkey", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00126-00084010-00084180": "I am Dalhousie!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00127-00084180-00084339": "The King of Satara is dead?", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00128-00084531-00084868": "No heir? Very good!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00129-00084868-00085339": "Satara is ours! A holiday for the King!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00130-00085338-00085708": "The King of Jhansi is dead?", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00131-00085709-00085906": "Jhansi is ours!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00132-00087457-00087791": "What is the reason for the refusal?", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00133-00089099-00089389": "The Company had signed a treaty with us", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00134-00089389-00089626": "You had also conferred the title of 'King'", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00135-00090173-00090420": "Now we have always had friendly", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00136-00090420-00090691": "relations with the Company", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00137-00090690-00091003": "At times we have also helped the Company", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00138-00091004-00091411": "'now' more important than 'then' even in friendship?", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00139-00091411-00091695": "Are treaties merely a collection of words?", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00140-00093393-00093820": "You call me queen and also threaten to seize Jhansi!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00141-00093820-00094137": "We call that treachery!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00142-00094297-00094530": "I again request the Company", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00143-00094531-00095008": "to accept my son as the heir to Jhansi", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00144-00095552-00095749": "You wish to separate me from Jhansi!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00145-00095972-00096512": "Tell your Governor the Queen doesn't accept charity", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00146-00096513-00096813": "Jhansi was always ours!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00147-00096813-00097113": "I'll never give up Jhansi!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00148-00098558-00098889": "What would the English, greedy for land", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00149-00098888-00099187": "know of friendship and truce?", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00150-00099469-00100033": "To make and break promises is considered a victory!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00151-00100356-00101030": "They gobbled up Kingdoms", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00152-00101030-00101576": "Swallowed pensions", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00153-00101875-00102145": "and yet, did us a favour!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00154-00102682-00104060": "Naked and starving!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00155-00104060-00104933": "That's my poor India now!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00156-00105899-00106697": "Udaipur, Karnatak, Tanjore no longer exist!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00157-00106696-00107499": "Listen carefully, it is now Awadh's turn!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00158-00108885-00109265": "Yes! So far you have allowed me good health!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00159-00109976-00110369": "So, you are worried about my people?", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00160-00110370-00110654": "Did they come to you with a complaint", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00161-00110653-00110880": "asking you to oust Wajid AN Shah", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00162-00110880-00111132": "and rule in his stead?", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00163-00112545-00113188": "Whom are you fooling? All you want is more revenue", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00164-00113336-00113935": "You'll fill your treasury with the revenues of Awadh", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00165-00114284-00114504": "Who gave you that right?", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00166-00114504-00114715": "We have only one overlord", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00167-00114714-00114863": "The Emperor of Delhi!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00168-00116019-00116386": "The killers are the soldiers of the Company", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00169-00116386-00116617": "We pay their salaries", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00170-00116616-00116976": "Even the monies extracted are with your approval", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00171-00116976-00117299": "If the people are helpless it is your fault", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00172-00117657-00117803": "Very true!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00173-00117911-00118155": "You are fully prepared", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00174-00118268-00118568": "If I even talk of resistance", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00175-00118568-00118868": "You'll massacre the people of Lucknow!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00176-00121177-00121557": "Treaties are signed between equals", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00177-00121558-00121857": "Make whatever announcements you want to!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00178-00123960-00124336": "Also keep this crown", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00179-00124477-00124776": "The last sign of our pride and authority", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00180-00125245-00125545": "You have fixed a pension for the King of Awadh", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00181-00125545-00125919": "is it enough for a King?", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00182-00126216-00126565": "I request the Company", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00183-00126729-00127073": "to re-examine its decision", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00184-00127270-00128081": "Seized the rights of the Nawab, sent him to Calcutta!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00185-00128081-00129042": "Seized his power for the sake of the people", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00186-00129042-00129823": "Only the yes-men and spit lickers survive!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00187-00129823-00130733": "The rest of them fell like leaves from a tree", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00188-00132028-00132328": "The Kings and the peasants", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00189-00132328-00132682": "were crushed alike", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00190-00132682-00132982": "The talukdars are forbidden", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00191-00132982-00133172": "to collect revenues", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00192-00133173-00133507": "The government will collect it directly", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00193-00133506-00133773": "The future seems bleak", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00194-00133773-00134026": "There was a thakur named Shivbaran Singh", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00195-00134027-00134401": "He could not pay five rupees", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00196-00134400-00134760": "The foreigners auctioned his land!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00197-00134761-00134978": "What do you say to that?", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00198-00134978-00135248": "Poor Shivbaran is now begging!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00199-00135248-00135639": "No one ever seized the peasants' lands", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00200-00135638-00135978": "Very true!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00201-00135979-00136256": "The crops were cut down, the animals seized but", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00202-00136256-00136496": "never was the land seized", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00203-00136496-00136947": "Now a piece of paper can evict you!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00204-00136946-00137620": "Even the revenues are fixed arbitrarily", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00205-00137620-00138074": "The white officers come, curse the peasants", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00206-00138074-00138374": "and fix any amount", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00207-00138374-00138541": "Whether there is a drought or floods", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00208-00138541-00138828": "We have to pay up!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00209-00138828-00139088": "Earlier it was better", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00210-00139089-00139443": "Go to the talukdar and plead with him", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00211-00139442-00139789": "He would adjust the revenue amount", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00212-00139789-00140169": "according to the season", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00213-00140170-00140694": "Now, whatever you do, the white man won't listen", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00214-00140693-00141464": "He has not even spared the temple and Inam lands", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00215-00141464-00141661": "You must pay taxes!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00216-00141661-00142041": "Whether it belongs to the Emperor or the Peshwa!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00217-00142041-00142438": "You may rant and cry but no one will listen to you!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00218-00142439-00142816": "'Get out you rascal'", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00219-00142816-00143697": "That's why my father asked me to be a soldier", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00220-00143696-00144046": "So, I joined the army", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00221-00144047-00144701": "Then? From the frying pan into the fire!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00222-00144701-00144895": "The white man is cunning!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00223-00144894-00145527": "He sends us where he himself won't go!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00224-00145682-00146105": "China! Burma! Afghanistan!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00225-00146262-00146609": "Go! fight and die like animals!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00226-00146609-00146979": "Miles away from home!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00227-00147187-00147387": "Be loyal to them!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00228-00147387-00147604": "Serve them well!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00229-00147604-00148031": "but Indians, black men will never be officers", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00230-00148031-00148238": "The white man will command!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00231-00148238-00148555": "The Indians can only be slaves!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00232-00148555-00148802": "Add now", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00233-00148802-00149201": "They give us flour mixed with bone powder", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00234-00149409-00149876": "Sugar with bones, ghee with lard, water with carcasses", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00235-00149876-00150083": "Everything is polluted!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00236-00150083-00150577": "and those new cartridges?", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00237-00150577-00150954": "They gave us new rifles and new cartridges", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00238-00150954-00151341": "They said it was more efficient than the old rifle", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00239-00151341-00152082": "We could send the bullet far away with it", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00240-00152081-00152381": "Hence, it was safer!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00241-00152382-00152809": "The end of the cartridge had to be bitten off", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00242-00152809-00153073": "The cartridges were all greased", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00243-00153072-00153282": "with cow fat and pig lard", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00244-00153283-00153677": "Touch them and you are defiled! Hindu or Muslim!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00245-00153676-00154030": "If you refuse to use them you are sacked!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00246-00154030-00154230": "Then beg for a livelihood!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00247-00154230-00154529": "They have dismissed entire regiments for refusing", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00248-00155128-00155685": "There's a limit to everything!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00249-00156189-00156706": "It is difficult to tolerate any more humiliation!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00250-00156916-00157215": "We'll not tolerate any more atrocities", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00251-00157420-00157720": "Nor remain slaves any longer", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00252-00157720-00157950": "With our heads held high", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00253-00158161-00158618": "We are ready to rebe", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00254-00159686-00160180": "The trouble started in Barrackpur", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00255-00160420-00160894": "and spread all over the country", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00256-00161174-00161694": "The white man called for his army", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00257-00161928-00162405": "Determined to crush the rebels", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00258-00162989-00163747": "The soldiers had become restless", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00259-00163746-00164599": "A lion named Mangal Pandey came to the fore", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00260-00165325-00165624": "Are you all women?", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00261-00165792-00166323": "An oath on your family and God!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00262-00166322-00166742": "How long will you bear this oppression?", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00263-00166743-00166973": "Open your eyes and see", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00264-00166973-00167387": "Will you rise only when your faith is polluted?", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00265-00167387-00167841": "Come on out! Act like men!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00266-00167841-00168235": "Have you gone mad to speak such nonsense?", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00267-00168234-00168898": "Ring the alarm! Call the soldiers!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00268-00168898-00169161": "Are you blind?", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00269-00169162-00169439": "The white man's army is coming!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00270-00169439-00169673": "They are camping on the other shore", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00271-00169672-00169972": "They may attack any time", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00272-00169973-00170340": "They will massacre us!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00273-00170340-00170691": "All those who refuse the new cartridges", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00274-00170690-00170989": "Ring the alarm!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00275-00171761-00172060": "What has happened?", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00276-00172322-00172599": "It's time to fight back", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00277-00172599-00172819": "or else it'll be too late", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00278-00172819-00173090": "A force of 5000 white men is coming!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00279-00173089-00173291": "Kill them!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00280-00173626-00173799": "Why are you standing?", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00281-00173800-00174081": "You'll rot in hell if you lose your religion", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00282-00174080-00174240": "Raise your rifles!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00283-00174240-00174490": "Kill the Englishmen!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00284-00174491-00174671": "Victory to Goddess Kali!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00285-00174671-00174998": "Victory to Hanuman! Hail Ali !", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00286-00175185-00175402": "Who are you?", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00287-00175401-00175765": "I am Mangal Pandey", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00288-00175765-00176025": "Why are you here, bloody fool?", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00289-00176025-00176362": "Why are you screaming with the rifle? Are you drunk?", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00290-00176362-00176949": "Shut up! Your reign is over!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00291-00176950-00177250": "Go back to your country!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00292-00177250-00177461": "I give you two minutes", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00293-00177460-00177793": "He's drunk! Someone catch him", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00294-00178481-00178604": "He has a loaded rifle", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00295-00178605-00179065": "Bloody cowards! Natives are born cowards!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00296-00180353-00180796": "Enough, Mangal! You have said enough!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00297-00181181-00181715": "Saw how easy that was?", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00298-00181714-00182014": "We can even kill the white man", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00299-00182015-00182429": "There's no need to be afraid", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00300-00182428-00182818": "Come on! Let's kill them!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00301-00183193-00183492": "Come on, Brothers!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00302-00185568-00185725": "Show some courage, Brothers!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00303-00185725-00186024": "It's easy!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00304-00186406-00186747": "Will you lose your religion?", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00305-00186746-00186875": "Speak up?", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00306-00187774-00188224": "Go to hell, you sons of pigs!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00307-00188354-00188814": "I will not live with humiliation like you!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00308-00188815-00189389": "I cannot bow!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00309-00189519-00189816": "May God be with you!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00310-00192048-00192688": "Mangal Pandey was the first martyr of the revolution", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00311-00192689-00192963": "He was the first to fight!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00312-00192962-00193182": "His was the first bullet!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00313-00193183-00194361": "None was on his side. The death penalty was his fate", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00314-00194360-00195494": "It is a matter of shame but the truth must be told", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00315-00196289-00196523": "The 19th Native Infantry", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00316-00196523-00196797": "Dismissed!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00317-00196796-00197093": "The 3rd Cavalry Regiment of Meerut", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00318-00197093-00197713": "Dismissed!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00319-00198061-00198360": "I am telling you again", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00320-00198578-00199278": "This cartridge has no cow fat or pig lard", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00321-00199459-00200273": "These are rumour spread by disgruntled elements", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00322-00200410-00200709": "You are soldiers", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00323-00200910-00201559": "You must use the cartridges. You cannot refuse.", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00324-00201778-00202462": "We'll practice with this cartridge today", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00325-00202462-00202763": "We'll show everyone how loyal", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00326-00202762-00203825": "The soldiers of the 3rd Cavalry are!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00327-00204404-00204578": "Come on!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00328-00204577-00204947": "We'll obey any other order", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00329-00204948-00205097": "But not this one", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00330-00205181-00205580": "The cartridges have grease. They are impure", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00331-00205845-00206442": "I'll arrest you if you refuse these cartridges", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00332-00206442-00206685": "You'll be court martialed", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00333-00206686-00206692": "You'll be court martialed", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00334-00206846-00207345": "90 soldiers were given orders, 85 refused to obey", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00335-00207530-00207963": "These five were spared. The rest were imprisoned", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00336-00208171-00208634": "They were court-martialed. The punishment was at hand", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00337-00208828-00209382": "They were brought to the parade ground", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00338-00209382-00210332": "Made to stand before cannons, they were punished", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00339-00212322-00212966": "The Court Martial finds you guilty", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00340-00212966-00213333": "You disobeyed orders on purpose", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00341-00213333-00213970": "You refused to obey your officer Colonel Smith", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00342-00213970-00214458": "You disobeyed him on purpose", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00343-00214457-00214843": "I gave you my word", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00344-00214941-00215302": "there was no lard in the cartridges", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00345-00215301-00215651": "Your religion would not be polluted", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00346-00215652-00215952": "but you did not listen to me", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00347-00215952-00216636": "You insulted your uniforms", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00348-00216636-00217194": "You have no right to be our soldiers", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00349-00217193-00217493": "Hence, you are discharged with dishonour", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00350-00217493-00217899": "You are being punished for your crime", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00351-00220757-00221091": "you are imprisoned for 10 years", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00352-00221090-00221390": "What are you looking at?", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00353-00221391-00221685": "Are the new cartridges acceptable to you?", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00354-00221684-00221987": "Stand up against the red faced Englishmen", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00355-00221988-00222022": "Stand up against the red faced Englishmen", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00356-00222021-00222301": "Will you lose your faith these people?", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00357-00222302-00222552": "The fear of the loyal soldiers on one hand", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00358-00222552-00222813": "the terrible cannon on the other hand", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00359-00222812-00223069": "Terror brought about a superficial calm", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00360-00223069-00223292": "All was in turmoil beneath!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00361-00223293-00223593": "Anger had crossed all limits", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00362-00223593-00223994": "The market was rife with rumours", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00363-00223993-00224293": "The inevitable was expected at any moment", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00364-00224294-00224511": "The stupid English had no wind of this", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00365-00224511-00224714": "They went about their routine", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00366-00224714-00225218": "Singing 'our loyal soldiers'", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00367-00225218-00225439": "Days and nights passed", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00368-00225438-00225738": "Soon it was May 10, 1857", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00369-00225738-00226085": "The Revolution started!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00370-00226085-00226555": "The rebel soldiers released their colleagues from prison", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00371-00226556-00226767": "They attacked the headquarters", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00372-00226766-00227069": "They defeated the English soldiers", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00373-00227070-00227500": "Meerut was in the hands of the rebel soldiers", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00374-00227614-00228054": "Meerut is in our hands. Now what?", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00375-00228054-00228548": "Build defenses! The white man will retaliate", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00376-00228548-00229059": "We'll not stay here! It's a revolution", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00377-00229058-00229305": "It has come too soon!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00378-00229305-00229582": "So what? We have started it!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00379-00229582-00229785": "Whether it's early or late", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00380-00229786-00230033": "Come! Let's join the rebel soldiers!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00381-00230033-00230190": "Shall we go to Lucknow?", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00382-00230190-00230469": "Who knows if Lucknow is prepared?", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00383-00230470-00230650": "If the English prove stronger?", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00384-00230650-00231061": "Then we shall go to Kanpur", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00385-00231060-00231263": "What shall we do there?", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00386-00231264-00231438": "Nanasaheb Peshwa is there!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00387-00231437-00231620": "What if he does not agree?", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00388-00231621-00231948": "Why force him?", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00389-00231948-00232069": "Let's go to Delhi", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00390-00232068-00232264": "Why Delhi?", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00391-00232265-00232722": "We have defeated the English. Driven them into the sea", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00392-00232722-00232986": "Who'll be our King? The emperor of Delhi", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00393-00232986-00233270": "He's the Emperor of India", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00394-00233269-00233482": "The Emperor is in Delhi", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00395-00233483-00233610": "Delhi is our capita", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00396-00233610-00233909": "Let's go to Delhi!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00397-00234077-00234250": "We are illiterate soldiers", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00398-00234384-00234778": "The literate are loyal to the English", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00399-00234881-00235358": "There is none to tell us where to go", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00400-00235438-00235748": "We need an intelligent leader", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00401-00235748-00236048": "who'll show us the path and", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00402-00236049-00236276": "explain our duty to us", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00403-00236276-00236710": "all we know is this slavery must end", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00404-00236709-00236939": "this taxation must end", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00405-00236940-00237167": "et them return to their houses", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00406-00237166-00237516": "we shall stay happily in our houses", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00407-00237517-00237974": "we know not who'll rule after the English", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00408-00237974-00238111": "all we know", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00409-00238111-00238361": "our Emperor is in Delhi", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00410-00238361-00238565": "So, we are off to Delhi", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00411-00238565-00238919": "We got to meet our Emperor", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00412-00238918-00239185": "By God's will it is the Emperor's country", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00413-00239185-00239484": "Come on soldiers, march to Delhi!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00414-00240590-00241021": "Here we are! Here's Delhi!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00415-00241020-00241237": "There's a deathly silence here", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00416-00241237-00241397": "sign of rebellion", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00417-00241397-00241781": "How can he rebel on his own?", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00418-00241781-00241964": "The English are very strong", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00419-00241965-00242179": "We'll help him!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00420-00242178-00242718": "The regiment is ready. The peasants are with us!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00421-00242719-00242916": "What does the Emperor want?", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00422-00242916-00243442": "Silly fellow? Will the Emperor consult you?", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00423-00243443-00243740": "He is weak and old", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00424-00243740-00244030": "What should we do?", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00425-00244030-00244411": "We'll request the Emperor to accept the throne", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00426-00244410-00244820": "and rule the country!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00427-00244821-00245120": "Come on! Let's go!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00428-00245338-00245802": "We marched to Delhi! The English fought courageously", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00429-00245802-00245929": "What could they do?", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00430-00245929-00246253": "They waited outside Delhi for help!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00431-00246252-00246585": "We easily captured Delhi", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00432-00246733-00247032": "Rebel soldiers have rushed into the fort", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00433-00247313-00247530": "Are they about to enter the palace?", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00434-00247530-00247830": "Yes sir! They have captured the city", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00435-00247830-00248129": "They wish an audience with you", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00436-00248378-00248939": "Where are the English?", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00437-00248938-00249265": "The soldiers have killed them!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00438-00249265-00249458": "My God!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00439-00250183-00250480": "Where's Commissioner Fraser?", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00440-00250480-00250770": "Fraser was the first to be killed", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00441-00251728-00252027": "May his soul rest in peace", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00442-00252262-00252521": "What do the rebel soldiers want?", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00443-00252522-00252852": "They want you to ascend the throne", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00444-00253066-00253717": "I? At this age? In this health?", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00445-00253716-00254110": "You are the rightful Emperor of India", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00446-00254110-00254236": "The soldiers also believe so!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00447-00254410-00254709": "How long can I wear the crown", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00448-00254881-00255181": "they wish to present me", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00449-00255278-00255969": "How long will I remain the Emperor", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00450-00255969-00256186": "Perhaps for ever!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00451-00256185-00256532": "Nanasaheb Peshwa's campaign is successful", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00452-00256532-00256734": "Please don't refuse", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00453-00257080-00257429": "I don't have the strength to refuse", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00454-00257734-00257978": "Till yesterday I was surrounded by the English", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00455-00257977-00258443": "Today the rebel soldiers surround me", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00456-00258805-00259359": "There's no other option but to wear the crown", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00457-00259359-00259656": "and become the Emperor", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00458-00259906-00260206": "for as long as it is possible", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00459-00260373-00261084": "After that, it will be as Allah wills it", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00460-00261084-00261441": "If the English win", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00461-00261441-00261661": "You'll be the last Emperor of India", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00462-00261661-00262162": "If the English lose then you'll be praised", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00463-00262161-00262641": "for re-establishing the Mughal Empire", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00464-00263176-00263256": "The fire spreads to the east and west", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00465-00263256-00263687": "The fire spreads to the east and west", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00466-00263686-00264135": "The white man suffers to see the north and south saved", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00467-00264337-00264778": "We'll send the red-faced monkeys back!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00468-00264777-00265186": "India shall taste freedom once again", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00469-00265622-00266069": "None can dare say: You native, damn fool!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00470-00266069-00266482": "The turncoat raider will be vanquished", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00471-00267760-00267909": "Please sir!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00472-00268258-00268602": "Is the Mughal Emperor in power again?", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00473-00268601-00268754": "Yes!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00474-00268755-00268979": "How do you know all this?", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00475-00268978-00269328": "We are messengers of the revolution", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00476-00269329-00269683": "Not all the regiments have joined as yet", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00477-00269682-00270052": "We are encouraging the others to join us", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00478-00270053-00270170": "Will they?", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00479-00270169-00270556": "Of course, they will! This revolution is unparalleled", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00480-00270557-00270754": "Go back!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00481-00270753-00271053": "How can we go back?", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00482-00271054-00271585": "What do we give the moneylender?", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00483-00271584-00271807": "What next?", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00484-00271808-00272062": "Tomorrow we go to Jhansi", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00485-00272061-00272381": "We shall go with you", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00486-00272382-00272646": "We'll feel safe with you", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00487-00272645-00272981": "Who knows? Our luck may change in Jhansi", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00488-00273092-00273522": "You are very astute!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00489-00273646-00273869": "All right! Come with us", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00490-00273870-00274194": "Meet the Queen of Jhansi. She'll help you", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00491-00274193-00274492": "May what you say be true!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00492-00276522-00276862": "We are going to the cantonment", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00493-00276863-00277027": "You take this road", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00494-00277026-00277379": "The Queen now stays at the City Palace", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00495-00277380-00277527": "The City Palace?", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00496-00277527-00278058": "The English threw her out of the fort into the city", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00497-00278057-00278501": "It is not really a palace, merely called so!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00498-00278501-00278697": "God!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00499-00278698-00279226": "This is the fate of all Kings under the British", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00500-00279225-00279632": "Go! The Queen is said to be very God-fearing", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00501-00279632-00279835": "We'll meet in the evening", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00502-00279836-00280135": "God willing! Goodbye!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00503-00281534-00281833": "A letter for 12th Native Infantry", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00504-00282769-00283069": "We heard there was a rebellion", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00505-00283069-00283336": "Matters have gone out of hand", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00506-00283336-00283607": "This is not confined to a regiment", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00507-00283606-00283779": "it's a conflagration", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00508-00283780-00284157": "Only you are at ease! How many Englishmen are there?", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00509-00284157-00284641": "That's not the point! We have no weapons or money", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00510-00284641-00284851": "You can seize the ammunition", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00511-00284851-00284981": "It is not easy!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00512-00285218-00285555": "If we can do that we can capture the fort", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00513-00285705-00286042": "Okay! We'll attack and you defend", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00514-00286042-00286373": "Tell the guard that the rebels have come.", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00515-00286372-00286489": "We need ammunition!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00516-00286489-00286789": "If you do it right we can rush in!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00517-00286789-00286956": "Do you think it's child play?", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00518-00286956-00287213": "We know, it is not child's play", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00519-00287213-00287616": "At worst, we'll lose a few soldiers but", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00520-00287617-00287973": "they'll die for the country, not the English", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00521-00288381-00288518": "That's true!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00522-00288665-00288959": "Be ready!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00523-00288958-00288963": "Be ready!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00524-00289118-00289445": "You are God-fearing, Madam!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00525-00289445-00289765": "We heard of you in far-off Konkan", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00526-00289766-00290066": "and so, made this long journey", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00527-00290066-00290474": "Who can match you in ritual worship?", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00528-00290473-00290772": "That's all is left!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00529-00290873-00291273": "Yet, you have come from far. So, please stay", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00530-00291274-00291461": "Participate in the rituals", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00531-00291461-00291665": "I won't disappoint you", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00532-00291664-00292097": "Two English officers to see you!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00533-00292098-00292466": "English officers? For what?", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00534-00292465-00292764": "Call them in! Please wait!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00535-00293553-00293980": "What does the Company want of me now?", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00536-00294751-00294995": "The powerful English!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00537-00294994-00295314": "Seizing the Kingdom from a widowed Queen!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00538-00295315-00295518": "How can a mere woman help them?", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00539-00296172-00296605": "I don't think so but your fear is not misplaced", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00540-00296806-00297239": "How? I have no weapons, no army, no money", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00541-00297400-00297871": "Your soldiers are not from Jhansi. What can I do?", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00542-00297870-00298190": "I suggest you go to Datiya. That would be best", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00543-00299048-00299491": "Then hide there! The fort is in your control", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00544-00300576-00300728": "Take away whatever I have!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00545-00301000-00301400": "I cannot buy anything for you. have no money", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00546-00301401-00301571": "You know my position", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00547-00302325-00302565": "You have never paid back debts", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00548-00302832-00303042": "That's what you always say", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00549-00303042-00303389": "The King of Jhansi helped you so often but", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00550-00303389-00303769": "You forgot that when you annexed Jhansi", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00551-00303770-00303896": "You made me a beggar!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00552-00304020-00304341": "I don't need your promises", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00553-00304340-00304720": "I am helping you out of sheer humanity", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00554-00304721-00304918": "There's no other reason", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00555-00304917-00305014": "I don't want anyone", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00556-00305014-00305401": "to starve in Jhansi, Indian or anybody", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00557-00305541-00305824": "Go back! The food will be sent to you", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00558-00306926-00307316": "Will you feed these betrayers?", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00559-00307317-00307616": "I cannot refuse them food, can I?", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00560-00313436-00313887": "We are going to Delhi. Allow us to leave", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00561-00313886-00314330": "If you want we will enthrone your son", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00562-00314330-00314590": "You'll do that and leave!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00563-00314590-00315044": "Who'll protect Jhansi if the English return?", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00564-00315044-00315557": "The English won't return. If they do, we'll crush them", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00565-00315705-00315932": "That's not easy!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00566-00315932-00316506": "This time you won't face women and children!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00567-00316506-00316690": "It is not killing of unarmed people!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00568-00316689-00317009": "Don't worry! We'll fix everything!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00569-00317010-00317310": "Let me worry about Jhansi", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00570-00317310-00317631": "If I need to seize Jhansi from the English", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00571-00317630-00317930": "I won't rely on soldiers who leave", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00572-00317930-00318029": "I'll fight on my own", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00573-00318278-00318441": "That's settled then!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00574-00318521-00319021": "If only we could get some weapons and money", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00575-00319022-00319422": "You know I have no army or money", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00576-00319422-00319893": "What I had was in the fort you must have taken that!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00577-00319892-00320191": "Give it from the Treasury", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00578-00320283-00320580": "The Treasury is empty. It was looted by the English", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00579-00320753-00321052": "They have left me this palace", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00580-00321144-00321444": "I get a pension of five thousand rupees", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00581-00321444-00321745": "Which is inadequate", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00582-00321744-00322264": "I had to plead for more money for my son's ritual", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00583-00322265-00322412": "the treasury belongs to me", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00584-00322412-00322566": "The English refuse to part with it saying", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00585-00322565-00322865": "they'll give it to my son when he's an adult", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00586-00322865-00323028": "They gave nothing!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00587-00323029-00323426": "You ruled for generations", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00588-00323426-00324177": "Give something from your personal wealth", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00589-00324177-00324444": "No money was kept aside as personal wealth", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00590-00324444-00324831": "Then what do we do?", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00591-00324831-00325128": "We need at least Rs. 3 lakhs", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00592-00325128-00325475": "We cannot leave Jhansi without the amount", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00593-00325475-00326071": "Shall we raise it in the city?", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00594-00326172-00326595": "Will you loot Jhansi? No! Never!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00595-00326596-00326983": "You say 'no' to everything. What do we do?", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00596-00326983-00327294": "We need money! Get it for us!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00597-00327293-00327540": "After that, we'll go to Delhi!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00598-00327540-00327693": "What do you say?", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00599-00327694-00327843": "That's true!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00600-00328594-00328994": "Give me time to think till evening!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00601-00328995-00329499": "We can't wait for long!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00602-00329499-00329833": "We await your decision. Let's go!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00603-00330606-00330808": "Where can we raise Rs. 3 lakhs?", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00604-00331030-00331290": "We must get it from the traders", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00605-00331291-00331968": "Borrow it, if we must!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00606-00331968-00332025": "But", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00607-00332025-00332619": "Sell whatever we have but raise the money!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00608-00332619-00333069": "Tell the traders to raise the cash at once", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00609-00333069-00333456": "Warn them rebel soldiers may loot the city if they don't", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00610-00333456-00333766": "Ask them to help us for their own safety", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00611-00333967-00334150": "There's no other option", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00612-00337307-00337964": "The 1857 Mutiny was not an army rebellion", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00613-00337964-00338495": "but a fast-spreading general uprising", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00614-00338494-00338948": "which became a war for India's independence", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00615-00338948-00339401": "As a peoples' revolution it was limited to Delhi", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00616-00339402-00340013": "North and central India and Bihar", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00617-00340013-00340413": "Actually it was a feudal revolt", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00618-00340413-00340777": "supported by landlords and their sympathisers", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00619-00340777-00341271": "It was fanned by the hate foreigners", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00620-00341270-00341784": "Hence, the last Mughal Emperor", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00621-00341784-00342001": "was a symbol!", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00622-00342001-00342488": "The old infirm Emperor who occupied", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00623-00342488-00342738": "The Red Fort in Delhi", "d9aXfHXQ_k8-00624-00342739-00353342": "The Red Fort in Delhi"}}, {"audio_id": "dqAVxn5XWS0", "text": {"dqAVxn5XWS0-00000-00000381-00000514": "WELCOME TO ALL HANDS UPDATE.", "dqAVxn5XWS0-00001-00000514-00000889": "I'M PETTY OFFICER BRANDIE WILLS WITH YOUR HEADLINE FROM THE FLEET.", "dqAVxn5XWS0-00002-00000889-00001537": "BECAUSE OF THE DEFENSE DEPARTMENT'S EFFORTS TO IDENTIFY SAVINGS AND WITH HELP FROM CONGRESS,", "dqAVxn5XWS0-00003-00001537-00002622": "DEFENSE SECRETARY CHUCK HAGEL ANNOUNCED AUGUST 6TH D-O-D CIVILIAN EMPLOYEES WILL BE FURLOUGHED", "dqAVxn5XWS0-00004-00002622-00003175": "FOR SIX DAYS INSTEAD OF ELEVEN , AS INITIALLY ANNOUNCED IN MAY.", "dqAVxn5XWS0-00005-00003175-00003711": "DOD MANAGERS ARE MAKING FINAL DECISIONS CONCERNING THE 37 BILLION DOLLAR SPENDING CUTS,WHILE", "dqAVxn5XWS0-00006-00003711-00004164": "ALSO MAKING IMPROVEMENTS IN TRAINING AND READINESS.AS A RESULT OF MANAGEMENT INITITIVES AND REDUCED", "dqAVxn5XWS0-00007-00004164-00004275": "COSTS,", "dqAVxn5XWS0-00008-00004275-00004693": "THE NAVY HAS BEEN ABLE TO RESTART SOME MAINTENENCE AND ORDER DEPLOYMENTS THAT, OTHERWISE, WOULD", "dqAVxn5XWS0-00009-00004693-00004793": "NOT HAVE HAPPENED.", "dqAVxn5XWS0-00010-00004793-00005058": "YOU CAN READ MORE ABOUT THIS STORY, AT NAVY.MIL.", "dqAVxn5XWS0-00011-00005058-00005264": "FROM ALL HANDS UPDATE, THANKS FOR WATCHING."}}, {"audio_id": "dqIcVtNcDgA", "text": {"dqIcVtNcDgA-00000-00001100-00001800": "Cremonini e Ludovica Frasca insieme: Luca Bizzarri geloso", "dqIcVtNcDgA-00001-00001900-00002700": "Luca Bizzarri spera in un ritorno di fiamma con lex velina Ludovica Frasca?.", "dqIcVtNcDgA-00002-00002800-00004000": "La storia tra Luca Bizzari e lex velina di Striscia la Notizia,Ludovica Frasca,sembra ormai archiviata da un po.", "dqIcVtNcDgA-00003-00004100-00004900": "La storia tra i due, tra varie crisi affrontate, è durata ben quattro anni.", "dqIcVtNcDgA-00004-00005000-00006200": "A separare anagraficamente Luca e Ludovica ci sono più o meno venti anni di differenza ma non è questo che ha portato alla rottura.", "dqIcVtNcDgA-00005-00006300-00007100": "Pensavano in grande, parlavano di matrimonio e figli, poi laddio definitivo.", "dqIcVtNcDgA-00006-00007200-00008800": "Solitamente quando si affronta una crisi se ne esce più forti di prima oppure si giunge tuttaltro che ad una happyend; è proprio il caso della coppia Bizzarri-Frasca.", "dqIcVtNcDgA-00007-00008900-00010100": "Le strade dei protagonisti di questa – ormai ex – love story si sono separate, nonostante vivessero sotto lo stesso tetto a Milano.", "dqIcVtNcDgA-00008-00010200-00011600": "Non è possibile stabilire con certezza da quanto tempo Luca e Ludovica non sono più una coppia, anche se lufficialità è arrivata circa un mese fa.", "dqIcVtNcDgA-00009-00011700-00012700": "Il settimanale Oggi riporta un presunto flirt tra lex velina e lex cantante dei Lunàpop, Cesare Cremonini.", "dqIcVtNcDgA-00010-00012800-00013500": "Pare, però, che Bizzarri non labbia presa bene.", "dqIcVtNcDgA-00011-00013600-00014300": "È ancora innamorato della sua ex o è solo una questione tra uomini?.", "dqIcVtNcDgA-00012-00015200-00016100": "Ludovica Frasca ha già dimenticato Luca Bizzarri? Cè di mezzo Cesare Cremonini.", "dqIcVtNcDgA-00013-00016200-00017100": "Quando le nozze tra Luca Bizzarri e Ludovica Frasca sembravano certe è arrivata la rottura.", "dqIcVtNcDgA-00014-00017200-00018300": "Non sappiamo esattamente cosa ha scatenato tutto questo perché i protagonisti non si sono sbilanciati più di tanto.", "dqIcVtNcDgA-00015-00018400-00019400": "La differenza detà tra i due – lui 46, lei 25- non è stato un ostacolo e di questo ne siamo certi.", "dqIcVtNcDgA-00016-00019500-00021100": "Lex velina sembra quasi affascinata dagli uomini più grandi di lei, tantè vero che la persona che pare stia frequentando ora, Cesare Cremonini, ha 36 anni.", "dqIcVtNcDgA-00017-00021200-00022200": "Sul profilo Instagram del cantante di Poetica non ci foto in compagnia di donne, cè solo la sua musica.", "dqIcVtNcDgA-00018-00022300-00023300": "Anche sul profilo della Frasca spunta il nuovo cd del cantante, con tanto di sinossi.", "dqIcVtNcDgA-00019-00023400-00024100": "Ascolta come brillano i suoi mille colori scrive alla fine.", "dqIcVtNcDgA-00020-00024200-00024900": "Cremonini lavrà conquistata con i suoi testi poetici?.", "dqIcVtNcDgA-00021-00025000-00025700": "Luca Bizzarri ancora innamorato di Ludovica Frasca?.", "dqIcVtNcDgA-00022-00025800-00026900": "Chissà come la prenderebbe Luca Bizzarri se tra la sua ex e Cremonini la situazione si evolvesse e si concretizzasse.", "dqIcVtNcDgA-00023-00027000-00028400": "Il comico sembrava molto innamorato della sua Ludovica e, si sa, se lamore cè non svanisce da un giorno allaltro seppur la storia finisca.", "dqIcVtNcDgA-00024-00028500-00029400": "A questo punto pare lecito, da parte di Bizzari, sperare in un ritorno di fiamma.", "dqIcVtNcDgA-00025-00029500-00030600": "Probabilmente però da parte di Ludovica lamore, dopo qualche crisi, è scemato ed è pronta per una nuova storia."}}, {"audio_id": "dqcmyqvARMk", "text": {"dqcmyqvARMk-00000-00000040-00000096": "Moulting", "dqcmyqvARMk-00001-00000312-00000960": "The young man had got up more than once  and I too had rehearsed my farewells.", "dqcmyqvARMk-00002-00001096-00001880": "Yet, together we lingered over our labour, for such a parting as ours is inevitably a death,", "dqcmyqvARMk-00003-00002032-00002704": "where the sharpness of what is lost  is so much more keenly felt, at first,", "dqcmyqvARMk-00004-00002856-00003479": "than the softness of what is new,  and what is lost will never return quite so,", "dqcmyqvARMk-00005-00003800-00004503": "Even if it is only the familiarity of old habits  for which, we are both agreed,", "dqcmyqvARMk-00006-00004507-00005303": "it is time to die. And yet, we knew them,  we knew them like our own skin,", "dqcmyqvARMk-00007-00005307-00005936": "and they were our skin, the skin we knew  from the inside, which kept us together", "dqcmyqvARMk-00008-00006008-00006623": "and in one piece and seemed to give us  our shape, and we knew nothing else.", "dqcmyqvARMk-00009-00006880-00007536": "And though we wanted to shed what it had become,  stiff and tight, restricting movement,", "dqcmyqvARMk-00010-00007616-00008360": "suffocating breath, we yet had to mourn the loss  of its protection, feel the gratitude,", "dqcmyqvARMk-00011-00008480-00009003": "have compassion with our suffering of small things  such as whether there will be enough", "dqcmyqvARMk-00012-00009007-00009984": "food on such an abundant planet as Earth,  whether we are loved in a world so full of God as ours.", "dqcmyqvARMk-00013-00010112-00010688": "And we reminisced, remembering the moments  when he had seen a flicker of eternity", "dqcmyqvARMk-00014-00010768-00011528": "in every passing face and how he had seen  in everything what he thought so to lack", "dqcmyqvARMk-00015-00011816-00012510": "and yearned to charm such foreign features  into his own perfection.", "dqcmyqvARMk-00016-00012752-00013315": "So, it would speak to him and through sound  and presence, closeness, suggest a unity", "dqcmyqvARMk-00017-00013315-00014102": "Of opposites, a wholesome oneness, a glimmer  to which he had attached such urgency", "dqcmyqvARMk-00018-00014102-00014432": "of creative union, believing it could last.", "dqcmyqvARMk-00019-00014680-00015302": "Though seldom such unity occurred apart from in a giddy fog from which he would awake", "dqcmyqvARMk-00020-00015306-00016376": "not seeing that they had their own, and he had his. His eternity. His union. His wholeness.", "dqcmyqvARMk-00021-00016560-00017328": "And that which is eternal kept on being so, Quite undisturbed and by itself, beyond his touch,", "dqcmyqvARMk-00022-00017328-00017801": "out of sight, unheard, yet nonetheless perceived.", "dqcmyqvARMk-00023-00017801-00018301": "He was always invited by way of inkling, always welcome.", "dqcmyqvARMk-00024-00018501-00019201": "And the two of us, we sat there just a little longer  under canopy of night and encountered things", "dqcmyqvARMk-00025-00019201-00020005": "For which the finest subtlety of word can be no match.  We stood face to face with the Ancient of", "dqcmyqvARMk-00026-00020010-00020801": "Days, and heard the Mothers’ tale of death and birth,  and death and birth, and rebirth after rebirth,", "dqcmyqvARMk-00027-00020901-00021501": "And we saw the most precious things  which happened only quietly and once", "dqcmyqvARMk-00028-00021601-00022201": "and yet touched upon all things  that ever had been and ever would,", "dqcmyqvARMk-00029-00022201-00022768": "and we heard within all things  the stillness of inside forever sing", "dqcmyqvARMk-00030-00022880-00023301": "and put our fingers to that soft place  where the roof of the world", "dqcmyqvARMk-00031-00023384-00024001": "touches the bottom of all souls  and where all that seems so separate", "dqcmyqvARMk-00032-00024001-00024501": "is still unfathomable, yet already known.", "dqcmyqvARMk-00033-00024696-00025480": "Such experience seeded a thirst for life  never yet felt and any care for his temper made way", "dqcmyqvARMk-00034-00025480-00026304": "for it would no longer do, for his temper was  as ill-fitting as he had become to our shared self.", "dqcmyqvARMk-00035-00026527-00027208": "He no longer wished to be approved of, liked,  or found agreeable by some other, however close.", "dqcmyqvARMk-00036-00027327-00028224": "And such insight was his end. And my beginning.  For what I", "dqcmyqvARMk-00037-00028224-00029400": "wanted then was to be understood And permeated in every fibre by myself.  Infused by my own soul. Set alight by my spirit.", "dqcmyqvARMk-00038-00029400-00030300": "I no longer cared for justice or for peace on earth  for I realised at once that they were already here", "dqcmyqvARMk-00039-00030300-00030900": "like soul and spirit.  What mattered was what has always mattered.", "dqcmyqvARMk-00040-00030900-00031420": "Acknowledged or not. The only thing that has ever mattered.", "dqcmyqvARMk-00041-00031441-00031800": "Whether we are capable of recognising it or not.", "dqcmyqvARMk-00042-00031856-00032604": "And now was the time to acknowledge,  to feel, to see, to drink, to witness.", "dqcmyqvARMk-00043-00032832-00033404": "And, so, it came as we watched a shooting star  divide us, that final embrace.", "dqcmyqvARMk-00044-00033404-00034208": "And the worn and tired steel of his breastplate  which had concealed that he even had a heart", "dqcmyqvARMk-00045-00034208-00034968": "(Although I always knew he had one and also knew  that he wore it both to protect and to be seen)", "dqcmyqvARMk-00046-00034987-00036040": "touched against my flabby, soft chest.  I hadn’t quite realised until then that despite my age", "dqcmyqvARMk-00047-00036040-00036787": "And weight and softer shape and being the one  on the face of it closer to death, I yet breathed", "dqcmyqvARMk-00048-00036791-00037703": "easier. And even in the embrace we lingered  for it was hard to part company", "dqcmyqvARMk-00049-00037832-00038103": "having known each other as well as  two can know each other", "dqcmyqvARMk-00050-00038103-00039307": "who are the present and the past of the same man. But I did let him go, slowly, and released him", "dqcmyqvARMk-00051-00039307-00040003": "into what was his, released him from his impatience, his vanity, his pain,", "dqcmyqvARMk-00052-00040003-00040603": "the care for his manner, and he too let me go and passed on to me", "dqcmyqvARMk-00053-00040603-00041586": "the treasures of my younger self, the wisdom of my youth And between us we straightened and", "dqcmyqvARMk-00054-00041586-00042202": "folded the skin we both had known, The skin into which he had grown and from which", "dqcmyqvARMk-00055-00042202-00043002": "I now emerged. We folded it like washer women fold bedsheets which have dried out on the lawn", "dqcmyqvARMk-00056-00043002-00043936": "in the sun ready to be put away, properly, in my inner airing cupboard where I put him to bed.", "dqcmyqvARMk-00057-00043936-00044615": "First, he would settle down to sleep as if in a guest room of the main house", "dqcmyqvARMk-00058-00044615-00045285": "and I would think of him there as a safeguard For the day when I might just again need something", "dqcmyqvARMk-00059-00045285-00046085": "protective, narrower, and more precise to hold me upright. And, then he and I", "dqcmyqvARMk-00060-00046089-00046702": "would move on, not quite to forgetting but to a comfort full of gratitude,", "dqcmyqvARMk-00061-00046702-00047623": "a memory, a visit with me out here, the mystery before me, my newfound clarity within;", "dqcmyqvARMk-00062-00047623-00048772": "he safely in there, the little man, my manikin, sliding back into the great warm darkness", "dqcmyqvARMk-00063-00048772-00050096": "with breastplate, youth, and moulted skin."}}, {"audio_id": "drdhCjJs9IE", "text": {"drdhCjJs9IE-00000-00000038-00000851": "Ok, so let’s imagine we are at a party.", "drdhCjJs9IE-00001-00000851-00000978": "Things are pretty funky at this party.", "drdhCjJs9IE-00002-00000978-00001217": "And there are three people hanging out by the bar.", "drdhCjJs9IE-00003-00001217-00001605": "Let’s call them Sigmund, Stanley, and Leon.", "drdhCjJs9IE-00004-00001605-00002041": "Sigmund has a theory about why people develop psychological problems, but his theory has", "drdhCjJs9IE-00005-00002041-00002411": "been criticised by many people for being untestable.", "drdhCjJs9IE-00006-00002411-00002911": "Stanley turns to Sigmund and says sarcastically “Nice theory!”", "drdhCjJs9IE-00007-00002911-00003469": "Leon observes this and leans over to Sigmund to reassure him by saying “Actually I think", "drdhCjJs9IE-00008-00003469-00003665": "it’s a good theory…”", "drdhCjJs9IE-00009-00003665-00003984": "Ok, so what can we make of these behaviours?", "drdhCjJs9IE-00010-00003984-00004265": "What is causing Stanley’s sarcastic behaviour?", "drdhCjJs9IE-00011-00004265-00004390": "The person, which is Stanley?", "drdhCjJs9IE-00012-00004390-00004661": "How about the target, which is Sigmund?", "drdhCjJs9IE-00013-00004661-00005256": "Or what about the situation, the nightclub?Well what we have here is information that there", "drdhCjJs9IE-00014-00005256-00005580": "is little consensus in behaving sarcastically.", "drdhCjJs9IE-00015-00005580-00005946": "Yes, Stanley was sarcastic, but Leon wasn’t.", "drdhCjJs9IE-00016-00005946-00006636": "So, this helps us make a person attribution, the sarcastic behaviour must be due to Stanley’s", "drdhCjJs9IE-00017-00006636-00006989": "disposition - perhaps he’s a sarcastic person?", "drdhCjJs9IE-00018-00006989-00007659": "Okay, let’s imagine now that Stanley leans over to Sigmund and again says “nice theory!”", "drdhCjJs9IE-00019-00007659-00007856": "in a sarcastic manner.", "drdhCjJs9IE-00020-00007856-00008326": "This time however, Stanley then turns to Leon, who also has some interesting theories, and", "drdhCjJs9IE-00021-00008326-00008663": "says “Leon, your theory is awesome!”", "drdhCjJs9IE-00022-00008663-00008865": "in a genuine manner.", "drdhCjJs9IE-00023-00008865-00009042": "What do we make of this?", "drdhCjJs9IE-00024-00009042-00009609": "Well, now we have a different type of information - namely distinctiveness information.", "drdhCjJs9IE-00025-00009609-00010106": "Stanley’s sarcastic behaviour is performed towards one target, that’s Sigmund, but", "drdhCjJs9IE-00026-00010106-00010453": "not towards another target, which is Leon.", "drdhCjJs9IE-00027-00010453-00010849": "So now the behaviour varies across targets, and we can make a target =attribution.", "drdhCjJs9IE-00028-00010849-00011347": "There is something about Sigmund that makes people behave in a sarcastic manner towards", "drdhCjJs9IE-00029-00011347-00011453": "him.", "drdhCjJs9IE-00030-00011453-00011799": "Perhaps he’s got an irritating interpersonal style?", "drdhCjJs9IE-00031-00011799-00011974": "What about a final possibility?", "drdhCjJs9IE-00032-00011974-00012263": "This time Stanley says “Nice theory!”", "drdhCjJs9IE-00033-00012263-00012388": "sarcastically to Sigmund at the nightclub.", "drdhCjJs9IE-00034-00012388-00012824": "However, the next day, when they both turn up to the office to continue their research,", "drdhCjJs9IE-00035-00012824-00013036": "Stanley says “Nice theory!”", "drdhCjJs9IE-00036-00013036-00013444": "again to Sigmund, but this time he means it genuinely this time.", "drdhCjJs9IE-00037-00013444-00013853": "So now we have information about the consistency of the Stanley’s behaviour toward Sigmund", "drdhCjJs9IE-00038-00013853-00014411": "- it’s not very consistent as it varies from one situation, the nightclub, to another,", "drdhCjJs9IE-00039-00014411-00014511": "the office.", "drdhCjJs9IE-00040-00014511-00015033": "So, we would conclude that the behaviour is due to the situation.", "drdhCjJs9IE-00041-00015033-00015434": "Perhaps the music in the nightclub was too loud and the drinks too expensive, making", "drdhCjJs9IE-00042-00015434-00015536": "Stanley irritable."}}, {"audio_id": "drz94eS-eKU", "text": {"drz94eS-eKU-00000-00000021-00000650": "In 1941, Nazi Germany annexed most of Europe, estimated at that time up to 2 million square", "drz94eS-eKU-00001-00000650-00000809": "kilometers.", "drz94eS-eKU-00002-00000809-00001343": "At that time, with extremely powerful military forces, Hitler and his generals discussed", "drz94eS-eKU-00003-00001343-00001657": "a plan to invade the Soviet Union.", "drz94eS-eKU-00004-00001657-00002335": "Although before that, in 1939, Germany and the Soviet Union signed a non-aggression pact.", "drz94eS-eKU-00005-00002335-00002582": "That is: \"Soviet-German Pact\".", "drz94eS-eKU-00006-00002582-00002682": "1.", "drz94eS-eKU-00007-00002682-00003282": "On June 21, 1941, Nazi Germany launched a surprise attack on the Soviet Union, dubbed", "drz94eS-eKU-00008-00003282-00003526": "Operation Barbarossa.", "drz94eS-eKU-00009-00003526-00003942": "This campaign included 190 divisions.", "drz94eS-eKU-00010-00003942-00004592": "Including 152 German divisions, 38 allied divisions, with a total number of up to 5.3", "drz94eS-eKU-00011-00004592-00004695": "million men.", "drz94eS-eKU-00012-00004695-00004795": "1.", "drz94eS-eKU-00013-00004795-00005273": "At that time, Germany was estimated to have mobilized three-quarters of its forces, its", "drz94eS-eKU-00014-00005273-00005923": "army, along with a huge number of other military assets such as tanks, armored vehicles, fighters,", "drz94eS-eKU-00015-00005923-00006023": "aircraft.", "drz94eS-eKU-00016-00006023-00006123": "carriage.", "drz94eS-eKU-00017-00006123-00006223": "1.", "drz94eS-eKU-00018-00006223-00006743": "This operation is recorded as a military campaign, having the largest scale in terms of the number", "drz94eS-eKU-00019-00006743-00006961": "of troops involved.", "drz94eS-eKU-00020-00006961-00007450": "It was also the bloodiest campaign, with the largest number of casualties, unprecedented", "drz94eS-eKU-00021-00007450-00007578": "in world history.", "drz94eS-eKU-00022-00007578-00007678": "1.", "drz94eS-eKU-00023-00007678-00008249": "With such a powerful force, the German army has quickly penetrated deep into Russia.", "drz94eS-eKU-00024-00008249-00008818": "It is estimated that after only 3 to 4 months, it is possible to capture Moscow, and annex", "drz94eS-eKU-00025-00008818-00009027": "the Soviet Union.", "drz94eS-eKU-00026-00009027-00009346": "But the course of the war did not go as Hitler expected.", "drz94eS-eKU-00027-00009346-00009446": "1.", "drz94eS-eKU-00028-00009446-00009913": "Hitler's plan to fight quickly and win quickly was ruined, because the Soviet Red Army fought", "drz94eS-eKU-00029-00009913-00010293": "back fiercely when the Germans closed in on Moscow.", "drz94eS-eKU-00030-00010293-00010758": "Leading to the war being dragged into the winter, the Germans quickly became weak, when", "drz94eS-eKU-00031-00010758-00011018": "they could not fight in the cold weather in Russia.", "drz94eS-eKU-00032-00011018-00011118": "1.", "drz94eS-eKU-00033-00011118-00011789": "Result after the winter offensive, late 1941 to early 1942 of the Soviet army, but especially", "drz94eS-eKU-00034-00011789-00012082": "the big counterattack in Moscow.", "drz94eS-eKU-00035-00012082-00012431": "The Barbarossa plan had completely collapsed.", "drz94eS-eKU-00036-00012431-00012994": "Then in 1942, with the participation of the superpower, the United States and its allies", "drz94eS-eKU-00037-00012994-00013296": "gradually pushed the Nazis to the brink of defeat.", "drz94eS-eKU-00038-00013296-00013396": "1.", "drz94eS-eKU-00039-00013396-00013922": "Some argue that, if Japan, allied with Germany, attacked the Soviet Union from the east of", "drz94eS-eKU-00040-00013922-00014257": "Russia, the war might have gone the other way.", "drz94eS-eKU-00041-00014257-00014703": "But Japan chose to declare war on America at Pearl Harbor.", "drz94eS-eKU-00042-00014703-00015106": "This was probably the extremely wrong decision of Japan at that time.", "drz94eS-eKU-00043-00015106-00015206": "1.", "drz94eS-eKU-00044-00015206-00015686": "So why did Japan not join forces with Germany to attack the Soviet Union?", "drz94eS-eKU-00045-00015686-00016272": "According to experts specializing in military history, they give three main reasons as follows.", "drz94eS-eKU-00046-00016272-00016372": "1.", "drz94eS-eKU-00047-00016372-00017001": "First, in April 1941, just two months before Germany attacked the Soviet Union, the Soviet", "drz94eS-eKU-00048-00017001-00017478": "and Japanese governments signed the Soviet-Japanese neutrality treaty.", "drz94eS-eKU-00049-00017478-00018004": "Unlike Nazi Germany, Japan is inherently a country that values honor.", "drz94eS-eKU-00050-00018004-00018638": "They are concerned about world opinion condemnation, if Japan unilaterally breaks the signed treaty.", "drz94eS-eKU-00051-00018638-00019079": "And Japan's attack on the Soviet Union without a valid reason will not receive the support", "drz94eS-eKU-00052-00019079-00019270": "of the people in the country.", "drz94eS-eKU-00053-00019270-00019370": "1.", "drz94eS-eKU-00054-00019370-00019810": "Second, Japan really appreciated the strength of the Soviet army.", "drz94eS-eKU-00055-00019810-00020375": "It must be added that, at that time, Japan was always divided by two opposing doctrines,", "drz94eS-eKU-00056-00020375-00020661": "namely the theory of Northern expansion.", "drz94eS-eKU-00057-00020661-00021213": "In it, the Japanese empire would extend north to Siberia, the Russian Far East.", "drz94eS-eKU-00058-00021213-00021313": "1.", "drz94eS-eKU-00059-00021313-00021569": "And the doctrine of Southern expansion.", "drz94eS-eKU-00060-00021569-00022097": "In which, the Japanese empire will focus on the Southeast Asian countries, China, and", "drz94eS-eKU-00061-00022097-00022268": "the Pacific.", "drz94eS-eKU-00062-00022268-00022576": "This doctrine received the support of the Japanese navy.", "drz94eS-eKU-00063-00022576-00022676": "1.", "drz94eS-eKU-00064-00022676-00023125": "And the fighting that was little known before, between the Japanese and Soviet troops in", "drz94eS-eKU-00065-00023125-00023557": "1939 at the border of Mongolia, Manchuria.", "drz94eS-eKU-00066-00023557-00024105": "At that time, Mongolia was an ally of the Soviet Union, and Manchuria was annexed by", "drz94eS-eKU-00067-00024105-00024205": "Japan.", "drz94eS-eKU-00068-00024205-00024305": "1.", "drz94eS-eKU-00069-00024305-00024703": "Soviet troops under the command of General Zhukov defeated Japan.", "drz94eS-eKU-00070-00024703-00025125": "From this defeat, Japan saw the great power of the Soviet Union.", "drz94eS-eKU-00071-00025125-00025600": "Therefore, it was decided to implement the doctrine of southern expansion, skipping the", "drz94eS-eKU-00072-00025600-00025910": "handshake with Germany to attack the Soviet Union.", "drz94eS-eKU-00073-00025910-00026010": "1.", "drz94eS-eKU-00074-00026010-00026296": "The third reason is economic.", "drz94eS-eKU-00075-00026296-00026780": "Japan realizes that Siberia is so vast that it will need to mobilize a lot of troops to", "drz94eS-eKU-00076-00026780-00026947": "participate.", "drz94eS-eKU-00077-00026947-00027270": "To maintain a large army there would cost a lot of money.", "drz94eS-eKU-00078-00027270-00027808": "In addition, there are not many resources to exploit here, the weather is also very", "drz94eS-eKU-00079-00027808-00028106": "harsh with very cold winters. 1.", "drz94eS-eKU-00080-00028106-00028520": "There were so many risks that Japan wouldn't risk attacking here.", "drz94eS-eKU-00081-00028520-00029027": "In the south, Indochina countries are rich in exploitable resources, such as oil in the", "drz94eS-eKU-00082-00029027-00029174": "East Sea.", "drz94eS-eKU-00083-00029174-00029718": "Moreover, this area is very easy to attack, because these countries are surrounded by", "drz94eS-eKU-00084-00029718-00029863": "sea.", "drz94eS-eKU-00085-00029863-00030243": "It should be known that at that time the Japanese navy was strong.", "drz94eS-eKU-00086-00030243-00030343": "1.", "drz94eS-eKU-00087-00030343-00030732": "Therefore, Japan's southward policy is implemented.", "drz94eS-eKU-00088-00030732-00031230": "Another factor was that, when the Japanese began to implement their southward policy,", "drz94eS-eKU-00089-00031230-00031583": "by occupying the countries of French Indochina. 1.", "drz94eS-eKU-00090-00031583-00032097": "As a result, tensions with the United States increased, plus the Americans imposed an oil", "drz94eS-eKU-00091-00032097-00032487": "embargo on Japan in March 1941.", "drz94eS-eKU-00092-00032487-00033166": "Japan was very angry with the US, so it prepared a very strong navy. to respond to the US at", "drz94eS-eKU-00093-00033166-00033347": "Pearl Harbor.", "drz94eS-eKU-00094-00033347-00033856": "So attacking the Soviet Union probably wouldn't have been a priority at that time.", "drz94eS-eKU-00095-00033856-00034386": "With the above reasons, it is understandable that Japan did not invade the Soviet Union.", "drz94eS-eKU-00096-00034386-00034486": "1.", "drz94eS-eKU-00097-00034486-00034653": "Video ends here.", "drz94eS-eKU-00098-00034653-00034947": "Thank you all for watching and liking it.", "drz94eS-eKU-00099-00034947-00035347": "If you find the video useful, please give us a like and subscribe to the channel to", "drz94eS-eKU-00100-00035347-00035522": "support us!", "drz94eS-eKU-00101-00035522-00035675": "Good bye and see you again."}}, {"audio_id": "drDLYXAHBSY", "text": {"drDLYXAHBSY-00000-00000000-00000742": "OK, let’s keep on discovering next issues for Legion with ARC Trooper !", "drDLYXAHBSY-00002-00000912-00001167": "Like", "drDLYXAHBSY-00004-00001328-00001611": "Share", "drDLYXAHBSY-00005-00001611-00001807": "subscribe", "drDLYXAHBSY-00009-00003036-00003526": "And we start with the miniatures themselves which are still so great.", "drDLYXAHBSY-00010-00003540-00003756": "Echo and Five are amazing.", "drDLYXAHBSY-00011-00003772-00004082": "Even if I appreciate the back transparent jetpacks’ stands,", "drDLYXAHBSY-00012-00004082-00004478": "it seems kinda heavy and…complicated to transport.", "drDLYXAHBSY-00013-00004478-00005466": "Indeed, each time I open my case I have broken ones…for you the same, I guess", "drDLYXAHBSY-00014-00005482-00005862": "Let’s see the cards : 72 points for 4 troopers.", "drDLYXAHBSY-00015-00005862-00006426": "Wound 1, Moral 2, defense is Red but no Adrenalin.", "drDLYXAHBSY-00016-00006472-00006729": "Speed 2.", "drDLYXAHBSY-00017-00006729-00006900": "We’ve got three options for combat :", "drDLYXAHBSY-00018-00006934-00007230": "Melee with one black and one white Dice,", "drDLYXAHBSY-00019-00007230-00007380": "one DC17,", "drDLYXAHBSY-00020-00007428-00008198": "same dice but a 1-2 Range and eventually 1 black Dice hitting rang 3 with DC15.", "drDLYXAHBSY-00021-00008214-00008622": "No keyword for the weapons…it’s a shame.", "drDLYXAHBSY-00022-00008667-00008965": "About the Upgrade Bar,", "drDLYXAHBSY-00023-00008965-00009224": "you can add one DC15X,", "drDLYXAHBSY-00024-00009262-00009662": "Training, Comm, Gear and Grenades.", "drDLYXAHBSY-00025-00009664-00010252": "About Keywords, these first cards have Immune as long as you defend,", "drDLYXAHBSY-00026-00010272-00010556": "if your Attack Pool has Pierce X,", "drDLYXAHBSY-00027-00010556-00010942": "throw X more defense dice, fearless !", "drDLYXAHBSY-00028-00010970-00011848": "Scout 2 : after deployment, you can move up to Speed 2.", "drDLYXAHBSY-00029-00011870-00012510": "Sharpshooter 1 : as long as you perform a ranged attack, the defense cover is reduced by 1.", "drDLYXAHBSY-00030-00012526-00013230": "Tactical 1 : after a regular move, you gain 1 Aim token.", "drDLYXAHBSY-00031-00013246-00013796": "We can presume that another card will be available.", "drDLYXAHBSY-00032-00013813-00014332": "The point is to propose a combo similar to sniper strike teams we already have in other teams.", "drDLYXAHBSY-00033-00014352-00014659": "Ok then, let’s see Upgrade Cards.", "drDLYXAHBSY-00034-00014659-00014963": "ARC Trooper with a DC-15X meaning", "drDLYXAHBSY-00035-00014963-00015694": "one Red dice plus one Black dice, range 1-5, for 31 points…it hurts.", "drDLYXAHBSY-00036-00015704-00016674": "Critical 1 (as long as you convert attack adrenalin, you can change up to 1 adrenalin into 1 critical).", "drDLYXAHBSY-00037-00016690-00017202": "Immune : deflect, Lethal 1 (if you attack, pay 1 Aim token to gain Pierce 1).", "drDLYXAHBSY-00038-00017216-00017452": "versus Dooku", "drDLYXAHBSY-00039-00018398-00018810": "Jetpacks JT-12 for 10 points.", "drDLYXAHBSY-00040-00018824-00019450": "The cost of this card is reduced by 5 if Cap’ Clone Rex is equipped with.", "drDLYXAHBSY-00041-00019462-00019954": "Oh yes, well read, we’ll be able to equip Rex with that !", "drDLYXAHBSY-00042-00019954-00020686": "You gain Jump 2 (Make a move ignoring up to Height 2.", "drDLYXAHBSY-00043-00020686-00021056": "It is considered as a Move action).", "drDLYXAHBSY-00044-00021056-00021694": "It make think about an Alderaan Tournament game where objectives were quite high, piece of cake now.", "drDLYXAHBSY-00045-00021694-00022180": "At the end, EMP anti-droids grenades for only 3.", "drDLYXAHBSY-00046-00022198-00023406": "As long as, at least one kind of this weapon, is in your Attack Pool you gain 1 Ion token (one vehicle or one droid damaged with this gain 1 Ion token).", "drDLYXAHBSY-00047-00023406-00023701": "It’s quite cheap for one extra black dice, isn’t it ?", "drDLYXAHBSY-00048-00023701-00024013": "I think this card will be reworked soon…”", "drDLYXAHBSY-00049-00024013-00024267": "There it is, it’s over for today,", "drDLYXAHBSY-00050-00024267-00024499": "I did it quickly but, in the same time, about Legion we’re close to the end. (joke)", "drDLYXAHBSY-00051-00024500-00025084": "See you again this week-end for the last video regarding this serial : BX Droids ! Meanwhile…", "drDLYXAHBSY-00052-00025108-00025252": "I wish you good games,", "drDLYXAHBSY-00053-00025252-00025510": "and also good dice because that’s the only way", "drDLYXAHBSY-00054-00025510-00025772": "to knock down the other guy !"}}, {"audio_id": "drRQjcf1Cx8", "text": {"drRQjcf1Cx8-00000-00000194-00000392": "So you picked your class Hold on to your ass", "drRQjcf1Cx8-00001-00000392-00000628": "It's gonna get crass, cause RACE Part of the role you can play", "drRQjcf1Cx8-00002-00000628-00000826": "Some sentient clay A he, she or they", "drRQjcf1Cx8-00003-00000826-00001174": "A beast who gets real snarly A regular dude named Charlie", "drRQjcf1Cx8-00004-00001174-00001540": "If homebrew's free, a big talking tree Welcome to A Crap Guide to D&D.", "drRQjcf1Cx8-00005-00001540-00002232": "[jaunty theme tune accompanied by a beat]", "drRQjcf1Cx8-00006-00002232-00002572": "Aarakocra - a big fuckin' bird You got some wings, so you can fly", "drRQjcf1Cx8-00007-00002572-00002912": "And if non-weapon melee's preferred They get sharp talons to bitch-scratch a guy", "drRQjcf1Cx8-00008-00002912-00003261": "Or maybe you're more of an Aasimar Still avian, if you lower the bar", "drRQjcf1Cx8-00009-00003261-00003618": "Angelic people with radiant energy Or darkness, if you flap your wings edgily", "drRQjcf1Cx8-00010-00003618-00003944": "Bugbears aren't actually bears at all More like beastly orcs, and just as tall", "drRQjcf1Cx8-00011-00003944-00004296": "But oddly sneaky and your arms are long So you're really frickin' good at playing basketball", "drRQjcf1Cx8-00012-00004296-00004680": "But if going full beast is a little too far You could always do half and decide to be a Centaur", "drRQjcf1Cx8-00013-00004680-00005030": "Charging the enemy so they can readily get steadily Back up while you stomp on them deadily", "drRQjcf1Cx8-00014-00005030-00005330": "For a sneaky bunch, Changeling's cool You make a disguise kit a worthless tool", "drRQjcf1Cx8-00015-00005330-00005706": "You can change your face to whatever race There's nearly no limit who you can fool", "drRQjcf1Cx8-00016-00005706-00006116": "Dragonborn - no, not the Skyrim kind Are likely the kid of a bard that'll find dragons really hot", "drRQjcf1Cx8-00017-00006116-00006400": "So now you shoot acid Or whatever other colour your parent's preferred ass is", "drRQjcf1Cx8-00018-00006400-00006744": "The typical Dwarf with a beautiful beard You work with your hands and are physically sturdy", "drRQjcf1Cx8-00019-00006744-00007104": "You seem informed about rocks, which is weird Try not to obsess or the sesh'll get wordy", "drRQjcf1Cx8-00020-00007104-00007428": "Elves are pompous pricks A dozen flavours to match and mix", "drRQjcf1Cx8-00021-00007428-00007802": "They live a long time, don't sleep, instead trance And are hard to be charmed, so bards, keep it in your pants", "drRQjcf1Cx8-00022-00007802-00008126": "Pick a Firbolg, a chill-ass cow Most of which have a druidic vow", "drRQjcf1Cx8-00023-00008126-00008476": "And don't ask how, but they can turn invisible Which is a big concern", "drRQjcf1Cx8-00024-00008476-00008826": "Genasi - elemental genie bastards One of four elements that they have mastered", "drRQjcf1Cx8-00025-00008826-00009212": "In some way lets them do cool shit Like waterbend, or have a fire-breathing armpit", "drRQjcf1Cx8-00026-00009212-00009506": "Githyanki and Githzerai Elves that look like they wanna die", "drRQjcf1Cx8-00027-00009506-00009864": "All they're about is how they clash Been around 40 years and their lore's still trash", "drRQjcf1Cx8-00028-00009864-00010236": "Shortstacks - gnome, happy short folk Who are smart and wise and cunning and know how to", "drRQjcf1Cx8-00029-00010236-00010584": "Crack into good camouflage Be it sneaking or magic or cool rogueish montage", "drRQjcf1Cx8-00030-00010584-00010908": "Wack is the goblin Small size, hits hard on your noggin", "drRQjcf1Cx8-00031-00010908-00011274": "Their nimbleness makes it hard to keep pace They'll hide and bide, quick slide and hit your face", "drRQjcf1Cx8-00032-00011274-00011622": "Muscles are in, though I have bias So the hottest IMO is Goliaths", "drRQjcf1Cx8-00033-00011622-00011972": "They're 8 feet tall, have steel for their balls And can shrug off damage like one-man riots", "drRQjcf1Cx8-00034-00011972-00012360": "Half-elves, the mutts and mules of D&D Extra points to spend on two abilities and skills up the ass", "drRQjcf1Cx8-00035-00012360-00012668": "It's the best of both races And backstories usually come from stupid places", "drRQjcf1Cx8-00036-00012668-00012978": "Half-orc - like I said, muscles are in You're a ruthless brute who fights to win", "drRQjcf1Cx8-00037-00012978-00013344": "Your crits get crits and you can terrify And if you feel like it, you can say no when you die", "drRQjcf1Cx8-00038-00013344-00013676": "If your luck is nasty, the Halfling's good You re-roll 1s and win like you should", "drRQjcf1Cx8-00039-00013676-00014056": "And you're hard to scare, so go party with a dragon And you can slip through if it's angry off the flagon", "drRQjcf1Cx8-00040-00014056-00014378": "Humans get a little bit of everything They lack gimmicks or special flair or any zing", "drRQjcf1Cx8-00041-00014378-00014756": "And are all-around average, you know how it is And the perfect pick if you're boring.", "drRQjcf1Cx8-00042-00014756-00015456": "Races, all the races", "drRQjcf1Cx8-00043-00015456-00016112": "Races, all the races Races, all the races", "drRQjcf1Cx8-00044-00016112-00016488": "There's plenty to choose from Too many, so come", "drRQjcf1Cx8-00045-00016488-00016830": "Witness the list of this guide to all of the", "drRQjcf1Cx8-00046-00016830-00017510": "Races, all the races", "drRQjcf1Cx8-00047-00017510-00017868": "Hobgoblin - they trust in a code Be it god or communism or giant toad", "drRQjcf1Cx8-00048-00017868-00018206": "They're a prideful chode, so whenever you fail The more watch you retry, means you go beast mode", "drRQjcf1Cx8-00049-00018206-00018562": "If you're an edgy avian, Kenku's sneaky, agile And crafty and can easily lie", "drRQjcf1Cx8-00050-00018562-00018916": "They can mimic voices to be a bit cheeky Too bad they get bullied, because they can't fly", "drRQjcf1Cx8-00051-00018916-00019256": "The Kobold is a mischievous one They hate bright light and there's often more than one", "drRQjcf1Cx8-00052-00019256-00019606": "They can trick dumb fools, then steal their jewels But ganging up together can be pretty fun", "drRQjcf1Cx8-00053-00019606-00019954": "Guess it's scalie hours, cause Lizardfolk Have sticks up their ass and can't take a joke", "drRQjcf1Cx8-00054-00019954-00020320": "They can bite and craft and stay a while underwater And have hard-ass scales to block cannon fodder", "drRQjcf1Cx8-00055-00020320-00020650": "Loxodon are straight up elephants Their large size and thick hide make them dense", "drRQjcf1Cx8-00056-00020650-00021000": "Got trunks to smell and are wise and mostly merry But piss one off and you'll see they're damn scary", "drRQjcf1Cx8-00057-00021000-00021348": "Wanna breathe underwater? Locathah is a fish A straight up fish, literally, just a fish", "drRQjcf1Cx8-00058-00021348-00021690": "Your armour starts high and get tons of resistance But stay dry and you die, you're still just a fish", "drRQjcf1Cx8-00059-00021690-00022040": "Big beastly bull is the Minotaur Got horns to charge if you run pretty far", "drRQjcf1Cx8-00060-00022040-00022360": "Make them shit their pants while you're at it Being big and scary is a habit", "drRQjcf1Cx8-00061-00022360-00022734": "Speaking of, orcs - superstitious and strong But also often wrong with a -2 to INT", "drRQjcf1Cx8-00062-00022734-00023108": "That's okay, so to say, you're aggressive and massive Got angry parents means they're rarely passive", "drRQjcf1Cx8-00063-00023108-00023434": "Catgirls rejoice, Tabaxi is here Obsessed with stuff and quite the sightseer", "drRQjcf1Cx8-00064-00023434-00023808": "Fast like a cat, get claws and climb far Tons of coats like leopard and tiger and jaguar", "drRQjcf1Cx8-00065-00023808-00024136": "Tiefling's a demon with a lot of looks They're horny and hot and often a provoker", "drRQjcf1Cx8-00066-00024136-00024482": "In the lore anyway, a lot of hate It's normal, I guess, when you're a panty soaker", "drRQjcf1Cx8-00067-00024482-00024818": "If you wanna be a big reptilian Who's strong and hardy, then Tortle", "drRQjcf1Cx8-00068-00024818-00025164": "Has a shell that's AC is a million So have fun being a hermit immortal", "drRQjcf1Cx8-00069-00025164-00025514": "Triton is just an aquatic elf Who evolved itself in the continental shelf", "drRQjcf1Cx8-00070-00025514-00025888": "And you're basically Aquaman, fish can understand you No, they won't do your laundry, just cause you demand to", "drRQjcf1Cx8-00071-00025888-00026242": "The Verdin - like a goblin but pretentious Mind powers that make mystics contentious", "drRQjcf1Cx8-00072-00026242-00026577": "Bunch of passive shit, what is this, peace hour? Come back and talk to me when you learn real power", "drRQjcf1Cx8-00073-00026577-00026918": "Yuan-ti Pureblood - like humans but snakey Never make a date with one, I hear they're flaky", "drRQjcf1Cx8-00074-00026922-00027283": "Manipulative bunch with magic resistance Don't take their oral offer, no matter their persistence", "drRQjcf1Cx8-00075-00027283-00027600": "Spirit-human mix is the Kalashtar Got a lot of mind shit that's really bizarre", "drRQjcf1Cx8-00076-00027600-00027942": "Like telepathy, dream protectively Like angels if they couldn't be effectively", "drRQjcf1Cx8-00077-00027942-00028312": "The Shifter's like a half-lycanthrope With four different types with exclusive features", "drRQjcf1Cx8-00078-00028312-00028668": "You can't transform, at least not fully So you'll often look more like a freakish creature", "drRQjcf1Cx8-00079-00028668-00029006": "Simic Hybrids are a random fusion Of aquatic things like a squid or a crab", "drRQjcf1Cx8-00080-00029006-00029348": "Gain bonuses depending which ones So have some big pincers for new ways to stab", "drRQjcf1Cx8-00081-00029348-00029682": "Warforged - robots forged for war Don't have to eat or sleep or breath and what's more", "drRQjcf1Cx8-00082-00029682-00030060": "Is you're tanky as well, being hard as steel The only downside is you'll never truly feel", "drRQjcf1Cx8-00083-00030060-00030386": "Vedalken tells us nobody's perfect Look like Na'vi people without the long neck", "drRQjcf1Cx8-00084-00030386-00030739": "They get lots of bonuses to smarts, not shocking Good luck ever getting one to stop talking", "drRQjcf1Cx8-00085-00030739-00031104": "And that's the lot, and always remember Class-race importance is pretty seldom", "drRQjcf1Cx8-00086-00031104-00031264": "Use whatever you fancy Make a chubby fighter dancing", "drRQjcf1Cx8-00087-00031264-00031468": "Now you know how to pick your race. You're welcome.", "drRQjcf1Cx8-00088-00031468-00032162": "Races, all the races", "drRQjcf1Cx8-00089-00032162-00032810": "Races, all the races Races, all the races", "drRQjcf1Cx8-00090-00032810-00033186": "There's plenty to choose from Too many, so come", "drRQjcf1Cx8-00091-00033186-00033540": "Witness the list of this guide to all the", "drRQjcf1Cx8-00092-00033540-00034234": "Races, all the races"}}, {"audio_id": "dsdIIC-qKlI", "text": {"dsdIIC-qKlI-00000-00000658-00001151": "Within PowerPoint in Microsoft Office 365, as you are presenting live to an audience", "dsdIIC-qKlI-00001-00001151-00001652": "in person or through a web-conferencing tool like Zoom, you can have PowerPoint transcribe", "dsdIIC-qKlI-00002-00001652-00002208": "your words as you speak and display them on-screen for your audience as captions.", "dsdIIC-qKlI-00003-00002208-00002680": "These captions can be displayed in the language you are speaking or translated to another", "dsdIIC-qKlI-00004-00002680-00002780": "language.", "dsdIIC-qKlI-00005-00002780-00003264": "With captions, all learners may benefit - you can accommodate audience members who may be", "dsdIIC-qKlI-00006-00003264-00003734": "deaf or hard of hearing, who may be more familiar with another language.", "dsdIIC-qKlI-00007-00003734-00004439": "And for some learners, they gain better understanding by seeing the printed word along with your", "dsdIIC-qKlI-00008-00004439-00004539": "voice.", "dsdIIC-qKlI-00009-00004539-00004885": "You will require a microphone connected to a computer to use this feature.", "dsdIIC-qKlI-00010-00004885-00005392": "Let's get started in learning how to establish captions in your PowerPoint slides.", "dsdIIC-qKlI-00011-00005392-00006009": "Once you have designed your slideshow, proceed to the Slide Show tab up top.", "dsdIIC-qKlI-00012-00006009-00006709": "Click the Subtitle Settings button.", "dsdIIC-qKlI-00013-00006709-00007189": "Select the appropriate options for your Spoken Language and Subtitle language.", "dsdIIC-qKlI-00014-00007189-00007542": "In this case, I will keep both as English.", "dsdIIC-qKlI-00015-00007542-00007981": "Next, select your microphone.", "dsdIIC-qKlI-00016-00007981-00008477": "Following that, select where you would like the captions to appear on your slide.", "dsdIIC-qKlI-00017-00008477-00008881": "I will choose \"bottom\" as the location for my captions so that they appear along the", "dsdIIC-qKlI-00018-00008881-00009156": "bottom of each slide.", "dsdIIC-qKlI-00019-00009156-00009903": "Finally, click More Settings to change caption colors, effects, and other captioning options.", "dsdIIC-qKlI-00020-00009903-00010375": "Now, let's begin our slideshow.", "dsdIIC-qKlI-00021-00010375-00011149": "To begin the captioning process, click the captioning icon located in the left-hand corner", "dsdIIC-qKlI-00022-00011149-00011809": "of your slide.", "dsdIIC-qKlI-00023-00011809-00012786": "\"Welcome to my presentation on adopting live captions in your PowerPoint slideshows.\"", "dsdIIC-qKlI-00024-00012786-00013503": "We hope you and your students find the benefit in using live captions in your PowerPoint", "dsdIIC-qKlI-00025-00013503-00014120": "slideshow presentations."}}, {"audio_id": "dskj88_1DRo", "text": {"dskj88_1DRo-00000-00000763-00001056": "The three words only poor people use", "dskj88_1DRo-00001-00001202-00001539": "Since when I was a little boy, I've always loved to have many friends", "dskj88_1DRo-00002-00001604-00001739": "Though at a time in my life", "dskj88_1DRo-00003-00001739-00002455": "I understood that had to be selective about people I hang with I still understand that even though some people are poor", "dskj88_1DRo-00004-00002468-00003045": "They still have some good virtues I can learn from so I keep a few friends who are smart", "dskj88_1DRo-00005-00003046-00003489": "But poor even though I spend more time with my friends who are smart and rich", "dskj88_1DRo-00006-00003563-00004350": "Now this is what I've come to discover after years of dealing with both rich and poor friends of mine. They used different words", "dskj88_1DRo-00007-00004433-00005142": "When I visit my friends who are doing, well financially there are certain words. I never hear from them. Never not even once", "dskj88_1DRo-00008-00005201-00005973": "however, when I visit my smart friends who are broke the exact words my rich friends never use other words these people use I'll", "dskj88_1DRo-00009-00005993-00006204": "Share these three words with you in this video", "dskj88_1DRo-00010-00006245-00006873": "But first if you are new here consider subscribing, so you won't miss other interesting videos like this", "dskj88_1DRo-00011-00006926-00007084": "Now here it is", "dskj88_1DRo-00012-00007084-00007762": "Every single poor person. I know usually say nobody helps me or something similar to these three words", "dskj88_1DRo-00013-00007820-00008368": "Poor people usually believe that they need help. They usually look out for someone to rescue them", "dskj88_1DRo-00014-00008393-00009015": "They usually point fingers at someone or something by stopping them there poverty is never their fault", "dskj88_1DRo-00015-00009089-00009325": "Someone is usually to be blamed for", "dskj88_1DRo-00016-00009392-00009861": "instance sometimes last year one of my family members called me to ask for money and", "dskj88_1DRo-00017-00009884-00010408": "When she was trying to persuade me to give our money. She said you see nobody's helping me", "dskj88_1DRo-00018-00010490-00010935": "This lady was 31 and she still expected someone to help her", "dskj88_1DRo-00019-00011009-00011209": "Really?", "dskj88_1DRo-00020-00011236-00011463": "This is my personal experience", "dskj88_1DRo-00021-00011567-00012001": "Whenever I meet with my rich friends, they usually talk about the new products", "dskj88_1DRo-00022-00012001-00012366": "They are trying to create to help others and make money the new books", "dskj88_1DRo-00023-00012367-00012610": "They are reading to learn how to become a better person", "dskj88_1DRo-00024-00012650-00013308": "The mistake they made because they didn't know what they ought to have known and that goal they have for the next one year", "dskj88_1DRo-00025-00013390-00013791": "Everything my rich friends talk about is usually how they can change their life", "dskj88_1DRo-00026-00013851-00014412": "You never expect any external miracle, even if they need someone to help or partner with them", "dskj88_1DRo-00027-00014425-00014948": "They will first figure out what they can give the person before they will get from such person", "dskj88_1DRo-00028-00015006-00015665": "Whenever I meet with my poor friends, however, the opposite is the case they talk about how the employers don't pay them", "dskj88_1DRo-00029-00015666-00015888": "Well how they want to fight for a raise", "dskj88_1DRo-00030-00015913-00016697": "How the government policies is affecting them how things are expensive how the economy is bad and how they need some kind of help", "dskj88_1DRo-00031-00016798-00016998": "When I compare these two worlds", "dskj88_1DRo-00032-00017004-00017639": "This is why I see those who become rich always take responsibility and those who become poor", "dskj88_1DRo-00033-00017679-00017879": "expect someone to care for them", "dskj88_1DRo-00034-00018091-00018314": "The world and the jungle", "dskj88_1DRo-00035-00018415-00018981": "Listen to me. The world is a jungle. I've understood this for many years and today", "dskj88_1DRo-00036-00018981-00019529": "I still see many people who are far older than me yet. They don't understand this simple truth", "dskj88_1DRo-00037-00019606-00019847": "Listen very well. The world is a jungle", "dskj88_1DRo-00038-00019939-00020250": "Nobody cares about you and nobody even knows that you exist", "dskj88_1DRo-00039-00020313-00020723": "if you think someone is out there who wakes up to think about you you are probably", "dskj88_1DRo-00040-00020748-00020845": "deceiving yourself", "dskj88_1DRo-00041-00020845-00021291": "If you have a life to leave you have to leave it if you have a dream to achieve", "dskj88_1DRo-00042-00021328-00021698": "You have to get out and run if you want your life to change", "dskj88_1DRo-00043-00021698-00022178": "It's all about you. Don't ever sit down and wait for help. It's not coming", "dskj88_1DRo-00044-00022285-00022499": "but shouldn't we help each other a", "dskj88_1DRo-00045-00022579-00023123": "Few days ago. I read a comment on one of our videos the commenter said that he wanted to start a business", "dskj88_1DRo-00046-00023123-00023357": "But nobody in the country is helping him", "dskj88_1DRo-00047-00023406-00024200": "That's typical of what most people say and there's a problem about this the problem about this is that nobody helps you because of you", "dskj88_1DRo-00048-00024223-00024606": "People help you because of themselves. Let me repeat this", "dskj88_1DRo-00049-00024667-00025361": "Nobody helps you because of you people help you because of themselves because of what they can get in return", "dskj88_1DRo-00050-00025429-00025814": "It may be financial gain material or even emotional game", "dskj88_1DRo-00051-00025833-00026495": "but in any way people only help you because of what they can get in return not because they care about you because", "dskj88_1DRo-00052-00026512-00027134": "Nobody cares about you if we understand this then a strategy will change", "dskj88_1DRo-00053-00027201-00027627": "Take for instance. If you need money to start a business, what should you do?", "dskj88_1DRo-00054-00027673-00028002": "Most people simply go around appealing to other people's mercy", "dskj88_1DRo-00055-00028002-00028391": "I've done it in the past and I can tell you it's a waste of time", "dskj88_1DRo-00056-00028417-00028733": "Because people are not as merciful as you may want to think", "dskj88_1DRo-00057-00028792-00029361": "The best way to get others to help you is to show them that helping you is going to be a blessing to them", "dskj88_1DRo-00058-00029458-00029921": "let me repeat this the best way to get others to help you is to show them that", "dskj88_1DRo-00059-00029935-00030164": "Helping you is going to help them in return", "dskj88_1DRo-00060-00030226-00030633": "You can just ask people to help you and expect that they will help you", "dskj88_1DRo-00061-00030673-00031286": "First start that your business idea no matter how small or difficult go ahead and get started", "dskj88_1DRo-00062-00031287-00031785": "I know it's difficult. I've been in that shoe before but that's the only way", "dskj88_1DRo-00063-00031837-00032352": "Do all you can make all the sacrifices you can make all the mistakes", "dskj88_1DRo-00064-00032352-00032915": "You can feel as much as you can and one day you will discover a new way to do what you're doing", "dskj88_1DRo-00065-00032935-00033599": "Which will lead you into creating something unique that the market really loves and just when you start making some money", "dskj88_1DRo-00066-00033627-00033959": "You can now reach out to people for help at this stage", "dskj88_1DRo-00067-00033973-00034580": "You have two assets which everyone in the world respects first the faith in yourself", "dskj88_1DRo-00068-00034627-00035123": "The fact that you can stand up and their life shows others that you have faith in yourself", "dskj88_1DRo-00069-00035167-00035843": "The fact that you could go ahead and start that business with little money is a proof that you believe yourself and your idea", "dskj88_1DRo-00070-00035932-00036132": "Everything in life is contagious", "dskj88_1DRo-00071-00036154-00036792": "Including belief. So when you show the world that you believe in yourself the world believes in you in return", "dskj88_1DRo-00072-00036850-00037050": "This is a great asset", "dskj88_1DRo-00073-00037072-00037373": "The second asset you have is the asset of failure", "dskj88_1DRo-00074-00037405-00037922": "You can call it experience, but trust me people unconsciously respect your failures", "dskj88_1DRo-00075-00037966-00038346": "Some fools may criticize you for feeling but you can be sure that people", "dskj88_1DRo-00076-00038365-00038753": "That matter really respect the fact that you did life and failed", "dskj88_1DRo-00077-00038824-00039471": "Kevin O'Leary said I'd rather invest in a man who has failed than a man who has everything going with him", "dskj88_1DRo-00078-00039556-00040010": "Because people that matter know that failure brings valuable experience and wisdom", "dskj88_1DRo-00079-00040057-00040527": "They see you as much more valuable if they know you've tried and failed many times", "dskj88_1DRo-00080-00040581-00040789": "the third asset you have is that", "dskj88_1DRo-00081-00040818-00041476": "Aside from the courage to start and your failures you now have a product that market really wants to pay for", "dskj88_1DRo-00082-00041538-00042130": "From my experience I can assure you that if you are strong enough to go through the above three stages in anything", "dskj88_1DRo-00083-00042168-00042590": "You'll see the entire world rushing to give you more resources than you need", "dskj88_1DRo-00084-00042590-00043060": "I know what I'm talking about because I've played this game for more than a decade", "dskj88_1DRo-00085-00043125-00043642": "When I went to the business world, I had no money and nobody was willing to give me any money", "dskj88_1DRo-00086-00043710-00044360": "However, eight years after I had an idea for a company and I raised money than I wanted", "dskj88_1DRo-00087-00044360-00045133": "In fact, I had to systematically reject a friend who wanted to invest with me because I already had more than enough money", "dskj88_1DRo-00088-00045294-00045494": "Stop thinking like a victim", "dskj88_1DRo-00089-00045582-00046016": "What I've observed is that most people of the world think as if they are in bondage", "dskj88_1DRo-00090-00046047-00046588": "Just as if they are victims of some system just as if they have got no power to change their lives", "dskj88_1DRo-00091-00046650-00046861": "This is not true because you are God", "dskj88_1DRo-00092-00046917-00047431": "Every one of us is 100 times more powerful than we think we are we can change anything", "dskj88_1DRo-00093-00047432-00047966": "We hate about our life. We can create our desired life. We can even change the world", "dskj88_1DRo-00094-00048012-00048742": "Yes, it won't be easy. But we have enough strength to overcome. Whatever comes our way because we are God's", "dskj88_1DRo-00095-00048960-00049636": "Smart but poor at the beginning of this video. I mentioned that some of my friends are smart about poor", "dskj88_1DRo-00096-00049674-00049951": "How can anyone be smart and still be poor?", "dskj88_1DRo-00097-00050016-00050626": "Well, some people are very brilliant, but they think that it cannot become anything except someone helps them", "dskj88_1DRo-00098-00050649-00051125": "These people can be compared to a lion like scared of a human being", "dskj88_1DRo-00099-00051183-00051637": "What this lion doesn't know is that it has the power to conquer the human", "dskj88_1DRo-00100-00051641-00052336": "If only he will try don't just be smart in the head get out and fight for what you deserve", "dskj88_1DRo-00101-00052383-00052575": "Don't wait for things to happen", "dskj88_1DRo-00102-00052575-00053150": "Stand up and make it happen. Wait no more for someone to help you be the helper you need", "dskj88_1DRo-00103-00053274-00053474": "Thank you so much for watching our videos", "dskj88_1DRo-00104-00053478-00053992": "Are you between the ages of 15 and 40 then we invite you to join our new channel", "dskj88_1DRo-00105-00053992-00054494": "Which was specially created to share with you inspiration and life's lessons to succeed in life", "dskj88_1DRo-00106-00054540-00055265": "Recall it under 40 TV. Kindly look at the description box to join the under 40 TV. We love you"}}, {"audio_id": "dsssBxmlesg", "text": {"dsssBxmlesg-00000-00000011-00000291": "Hi, I'm Alex, and welcome to Pucksandpaperbacks.", "dsssBxmlesg-00001-00000291-00000762": "Today, I'm going to share with you the seven books I read in April.", "dsssBxmlesg-00002-00000762-00001084": "You might be able to hear Leo purring in the background.", "dsssBxmlesg-00003-00001084-00001290": "He's literally coming over right now.", "dsssBxmlesg-00004-00001290-00001519": "He's very clingy today.", "dsssBxmlesg-00005-00001643-00002647": "[Cat purring]", "dsssBxmlesg-00006-00002647-00003247": "The first book I read in April was Hilde on the Record by Hilde Lysiak. This was a memoir", "dsssBxmlesg-00007-00003247-00003990": "about a 14-year-old girl just recalling her childhood and how she ended up being a viral", "dsssBxmlesg-00008-00003990-00004341": "sensation at age eight or nine?", "dsssBxmlesg-00009-00004341-00004873": "[Laughing] Leo’s literally right here.", "dsssBxmlesg-00010-00005100-00005472": "Okay, let's finally do this.", "dsssBxmlesg-00011-00005472-00005850": "The first book I read was Hilde on the Record by Hilde Lysiak.", "dsssBxmlesg-00012-00005850-00006600": "I was sent this for review from Kaye Publishing and this is a memoir about a 14-year-old girl,", "dsssBxmlesg-00013-00006600-00007200": "Hide recalling the events of her childhood as she follows in the footsteps of her father", "dsssBxmlesg-00014-00007200-00007431": "who was also a reporter.", "dsssBxmlesg-00015-00007431-00007576": "This was so interesting.", "dsssBxmlesg-00016-00007576-00008314": "However, it has a lot of trigger warnings, and I was not prepared for the heavy content.", "dsssBxmlesg-00017-00008314-00008792": "I thought it was really cool to just learn about reporting and journalism.", "dsssBxmlesg-00018-00008792-00009339": "I have had some background knowledge about journalism, but this goes into some terms,", "dsssBxmlesg-00019-00009339-00009856": "and we just get to see how Hilde became a viral sensation at age nine, I believe?", "dsssBxmlesg-00020-00009856-00010341": "It was for reporting a murder and she blew up.", "dsssBxmlesg-00021-00010341-00011208": "She got to meet Malala, she got her own series of children's books, there is an HBO Max series", "dsssBxmlesg-00022-00011208-00011514": "that she worked on and she's only 14.", "dsssBxmlesg-00023-00011514-00011997": "In April, I did a video where I swapped my screen time with reading time, and I read", "dsssBxmlesg-00024-00011997-00012336": "this book so I'll have that video linked up above.", "dsssBxmlesg-00025-00012336-00012779": "Then I finally finished reading Game On edited by Laura Silverman.", "dsssBxmlesg-00026-00012779-00013226": "This is 15 stories of wins, losses, and everything in between.", "dsssBxmlesg-00027-00013226-00013841": "I have a whole reading vlog, so I won't talk too much about it here, but I enjoyed it!", "dsssBxmlesg-00028-00013841-00014726": "I gave it a four star on Goodreads because I was sent an e-copy of it but then I just", "dsssBxmlesg-00029-00014726-00015101": "didn't read it for a couple months and then I went to my library, and I picked it up.", "dsssBxmlesg-00030-00015101-00015533": "I really enjoyed it. This was one of my most anticipated releases and it didn't disappoint.", "dsssBxmlesg-00031-00015533-00016022": "I honestly wish it had more and if you want to know more of my thoughts you can go and", "dsssBxmlesg-00032-00016022-00016159": "watch the reading vlog.", "dsssBxmlesg-00033-00016159-00016511": "My one biggest complaint was trigger warnings.", "dsssBxmlesg-00034-00016511-00016989": "Only a couple stories have trigger warnings and I just believe every single story should", "dsssBxmlesg-00035-00016989-00017555": "have had them because it just made no sense to me there were a lot of hard-hitting and", "dsssBxmlesg-00036-00017555-00017681": "dark stories.", "dsssBxmlesg-00037-00017681-00018223": "So, I think that trigger warnings are definitely warranted for heavy stories like that but", "dsssBxmlesg-00038-00018223-00018526": "overall, I really enjoyed this and I would recommend it!", "dsssBxmlesg-00039-00018526-00018984": "Then I did a video where I had Wordle pick my tbr and I read three books.", "dsssBxmlesg-00040-00018984-00019664": "My first word was “cheek”, so I read Cheek on Cheek which is a companion novella to the", "dsssBxmlesg-00041-00019664-00020171": "first novella in this novella series and I was just left really confused.", "dsssBxmlesg-00042-00020171-00020981": "It is about a woman named Nadine apparently, she is the villain in the first novella, and", "dsssBxmlesg-00043-00020981-00021554": "she is upset because this guy she was seeing proposes to another girl.", "dsssBxmlesg-00044-00021554-00022028": "So her thought process is to just move on and find another guy.", "dsssBxmlesg-00045-00022028-00022473": "So that's what this whole novella is about is just Nadine trying to find new guys and", "dsssBxmlesg-00046-00022473-00023004": "dating and all which is totally fine um it does have queer rep.", "dsssBxmlesg-00047-00023004-00023329": "I would believe that she's maybe pansexual?", "dsssBxmlesg-00048-00023329-00024101": "but it's not explicitly said on the page. She just says that her sexuality is fluid but", "dsssBxmlesg-00049-00024101-00024683": "there are some instances that rubbed me the wrong way and I just wish I had more context", "dsssBxmlesg-00050-00024683-00025261": "for. That's the one thing is that this book just needed more context and more development.", "dsssBxmlesg-00051-00025261-00025789": "If I read the first novella I think this would make more sense so maybe I'll do that in the", "dsssBxmlesg-00052-00025789-00026283": "future but this was just okay I don't really have much more to say about it.", "dsssBxmlesg-00053-00026283-00026516": "I really talk about it more in that vlog.", "dsssBxmlesg-00054-00026516-00027153": "The next book I read for \"cheek\" was One Butt Cheek at a Time: Gert Garibaldi’s Rants", "dsssBxmlesg-00055-00027153-00027494": "and Raves and I didn't hate this one.", "dsssBxmlesg-00056-00027494-00027853": "This follows her through her sophomore year of high school and it's more of like", "dsssBxmlesg-00057-00027853-00027968": "a slice of life?", "dsssBxmlesg-00058-00027968-00028633": "My one problem was that there's not really a problem or anything.", "dsssBxmlesg-00059-00028633-00028824": "It's more of just like a slice of life.", "dsssBxmlesg-00060-00028824-00029418": "We're just following her and her inner thoughts as she goes through sophomore year up until", "dsssBxmlesg-00061-00029418-00029902": "homecoming and I appreciated what was in here.", "dsssBxmlesg-00062-00029902-00030408": "There was an Achillean romance, there is sex positivity.", "dsssBxmlesg-00063-00030408-00031137": "Gert is learning about sex in a positive way in school which I really enjoyed um there", "dsssBxmlesg-00064-00031137-00031865": "are some gay stereotypes associated with the gay character but since this is set in 2007,", "dsssBxmlesg-00065-00031865-00032503": "I actually was pleasantly surprised that we did have an Achillean romance and we didn't", "dsssBxmlesg-00066-00032503-00033187": "actually just have a gay character be a plot device or like the butt of the jokes or", "dsssBxmlesg-00067-00033187-00033708": "\"the gay best friend\" uh so I actually enjoyed this.", "dsssBxmlesg-00068-00033708-00034368": "I don't know if I would recommend it for 2022 but I don't think it was bad and I actually", "dsssBxmlesg-00069-00034368-00034577": "enjoyed my reading experience.", "dsssBxmlesg-00070-00034577-00035186": "Then I ended out the video with the word \"ample\" and I read Ample Hills Creamery which is an", "dsssBxmlesg-00071-00035186-00036046": "ice cream cookbook about Ample Hills Creamery in New York and I really enjoyed this one.", "dsssBxmlesg-00072-00036046-00036390": "I am just reading all of the food related books this year.", "dsssBxmlesg-00073-00036390-00036962": "I ended up just buying another one and I just love that this is my new genre.", "dsssBxmlesg-00074-00036962-00037133": "[Laughing]", "dsssBxmlesg-00075-00037133-00037714": "So I really enjoyed this. You read about the origin stories behind each flavor in this", "dsssBxmlesg-00076-00037714-00038431": "creamery how they became and there are little stories of the characters that they've made", "dsssBxmlesg-00077-00038431-00038989": "up and there's also ways for kids to be helping out in the kitchen as well.", "dsssBxmlesg-00078-00038989-00039240": "So this was just all about how to make ice cream.", "dsssBxmlesg-00079-00039240-00039728": "I've never read a book about making ice cream before so this was actually a really interesting", "dsssBxmlesg-00080-00039728-00040144": "read and I could not stop talking about it after I read it.", "dsssBxmlesg-00081-00040144-00040608": "Then I ended out the month reading Perfect on Paper by Sophie Gonzales.", "dsssBxmlesg-00082-00040608-00041209": "This was my Patreon book club pick. We have a bi-monthly book club over on Patreon. We", "dsssBxmlesg-00083-00041209-00041486": "are voting on our June book right now.", "dsssBxmlesg-00084-00041486-00041844": "So if you want to join us the link is down below. You can pledge one dollar", "dsssBxmlesg-00085-00041844-00042031": "and you can join us.", "dsssBxmlesg-00086-00042031-00042568": "I absolutely loved this! It was amazing, and I am obsessed with it.", "dsssBxmlesg-00087-00042568-00042972": "We have been having so much fun with the book club and the picks so far have been really", "dsssBxmlesg-00088-00042972-00043718": "good and it was so fun to talk about this book in our live discussion because we were", "dsssBxmlesg-00089-00043718-00044071": "just raving about it and how great it is!", "dsssBxmlesg-00090-00044071-00044216": "This is about Darcy Phillips.", "dsssBxmlesg-00091-00044216-00044995": "She's a junior in high school and she runs this locker that is also a relationship advice", "dsssBxmlesg-00092-00044995-00045768": "column. So kids in school will send her letters and she'll email them back advice and they", "dsssBxmlesg-00093-00045768-00046055": "pay her and she's just got a business going on.", "dsssBxmlesg-00094-00046055-00046368": "This is strictly anonymous, and no one knows it's her.", "dsssBxmlesg-00095-00046368-00047041": "Because I associate media with other media I immediately got Radio Rebel vibes from this.", "dsssBxmlesg-00096-00047041-00047655": "The Disney movie, Radio Rebel. I just feel like these characters were so similar because", "dsssBxmlesg-00097-00047655-00048088": "they do run like these popular things and are anonymous.", "dsssBxmlesg-00098-00048088-00048762": "Darcy is also bisexual. There's a lot of great conversations in this book about bi erasure", "dsssBxmlesg-00099-00048762-00049350": "and just the LGBTQ+ community in general and I really loved Darcy’s character because", "dsssBxmlesg-00100-00049350-00049574": "her character development is so nice.", "dsssBxmlesg-00101-00049574-00050223": "The bulk of the story is Darcy helping this boy at her school, Alexander Brougham.", "dsssBxmlesg-00102-00050223-00050823": "He is from Australia and we really get to see the author's Australian roots", "dsssBxmlesg-00103-00050823-00051196": "thrive in this book!", "dsssBxmlesg-00104-00051196-00051830": "I have read her previously and what I love about Sophie Gonzales is she writes American", "dsssBxmlesg-00105-00051830-00052243": "school systems and characters so well as an Australian", "dsssBxmlesg-00106-00052243-00052600": "and I just think that that is pure talent.", "dsssBxmlesg-00107-00052600-00053372": "So the bulk of the story is about Darcy helping Brougham because he has relationship issues", "dsssBxmlesg-00108-00053372-00053992": "and he wants to get back with his girlfriend and so he pays her to help him and I just", "dsssBxmlesg-00109-00053992-00054130": "thought this was brilliant.", "dsssBxmlesg-00110-00054130-00054394": "Like this was amazing. It is worth the hype.", "dsssBxmlesg-00111-00054394-00054975": "I have seen so many of my friends recommend this and just say how much they loved it and", "dsssBxmlesg-00112-00054975-00055322": "I agree because this was just such a great book.", "dsssBxmlesg-00113-00055322-00055725": "I loved it because I just really connected to the characters and the story.", "dsssBxmlesg-00114-00055725-00056262": "I was really just invested in the story the whole time because we get to actually see", "dsssBxmlesg-00115-00056262-00056908": "the side characters having personalities and we don't just have Darcy going through life.", "dsssBxmlesg-00116-00056908-00057475": "We get to see so many different aspects of people's lives and we get to see Brougham", "dsssBxmlesg-00117-00057475-00058002": "who is a rich guy that Darcy doesn't really like at the beginning, and we just really", "dsssBxmlesg-00118-00058002-00058475": "get to see their relationship develop throughout the whole book.", "dsssBxmlesg-00119-00058475-00058882": "My favorite scene was when they went to Disneyland, I really enjoyed it.", "dsssBxmlesg-00120-00058882-00059679": "I have an Instagram post up because they talk about food so much in this book that I ended", "dsssBxmlesg-00121-00059679-00060225": "up going out to the store and getting to Ben and Jerry’s Phish Food because that is what", "dsssBxmlesg-00122-00060225-00060904": "Darcy and her sister Ainsley eat on rainy days and I just needed to have this because", "dsssBxmlesg-00123-00060904-00061410": "they talked about it so much in the book that I was like I need to experience that and I", "dsssBxmlesg-00124-00061410-00061542": "really enjoyed it!", "dsssBxmlesg-00125-00061542-00062150": "Ainsley is trans and I really enjoyed that it was just very subtle.", "dsssBxmlesg-00126-00062150-00062537": "What I really loved about Ainsley’s character is that she had a personality.", "dsssBxmlesg-00127-00062537-00063399": "She was a fashion YouTuber where she thrifted clothes and I thought that it was well done", "dsssBxmlesg-00128-00063399-00064150": "because sometimes when authors write YouTube uh it just isn't realistic but I really liked", "dsssBxmlesg-00129-00064150-00064724": "it because Ainsley was like, “Hey, can you shut up because I'm trying to film a video", "dsssBxmlesg-00130-00064724-00065266": "and I need quiet” or “Hey, I'm editing a video right now” or just things like that.", "dsssBxmlesg-00131-00065266-00066023": "And you really just got to see that she has a personality, and we get to see subtle transness", "dsssBxmlesg-00132-00066023-00066710": "but I really enjoyed that we didn't just dive into her transness as a whole.", "dsssBxmlesg-00133-00066710-00067351": "We really just got to see her as a trans character existing and that's what I love in a book", "dsssBxmlesg-00134-00067351-00067936": "where there is a side character who is trans that is the perfect way to do it, in my opinion.", "dsssBxmlesg-00135-00067936-00068386": "But to wrap this up, oh my god, I love this so much and I will be rereading it because", "dsssBxmlesg-00136-00068386-00068504": "it was so good.", "dsssBxmlesg-00137-00068504-00068942": "I ended up buying it and sometimes I'm nervous to buy books because I'm like,", "dsssBxmlesg-00138-00068942-00069137": "“Oh, what if I don't like it?”", "dsssBxmlesg-00139-00069137-00069633": "I am so glad that I bought it because now I own it and I can reread it.", "dsssBxmlesg-00140-00069633-00070032": "It was such a fun read and I have not stopped thinking about it.", "dsssBxmlesg-00141-00070032-00070522": "There's so many plot twists and just so much going on. If you want a book about messy queers,", "dsssBxmlesg-00142-00070522-00070681": "I highly recommend this.", "dsssBxmlesg-00143-00070681-00071060": "There is a lot of LGBTQ+ rep.", "dsssBxmlesg-00144-00071060-00071601": "There's a non-binary character and there's just so many important conversations in this", "dsssBxmlesg-00145-00071601-00071870": "book and I loved it so much.", "dsssBxmlesg-00146-00071870-00072376": "Then I ended out the month reading I think the only book that I read for", "dsssBxmlesg-00147-00072376-00072602": "my easter egg hunt tbr?", "dsssBxmlesg-00148-00072602-00073147": "April was such a weird reading month for me because I was focused on filming videos and", "dsssBxmlesg-00149-00073147-00073319": "doing TBR’s for that.", "dsssBxmlesg-00150-00073319-00073954": "But the one book I ended up reading was You Are Not Alone written by The Alphabet Rockers,", "dsssBxmlesg-00151-00073954-00074517": "and pictures by Ashley Evans and this was adorable and just so validating.", "dsssBxmlesg-00152-00074517-00075006": "This is a much needed and refreshing book I love the illustrations. It has non-binary,", "dsssBxmlesg-00153-00075006-00075512": "Black, Indigenous, and disability rep among the characters introducing the readers to", "dsssBxmlesg-00154-00075512-00076026": "why they're here and assuring readers like them or not like them that they are not alone", "dsssBxmlesg-00155-00076026-00076467": "in the world while sharing small ways you can help friends who may not be like you.", "dsssBxmlesg-00156-00076467-00076710": "This is a small step into allyship.", "dsssBxmlesg-00157-00076710-00077176": "I really admired the thought behind it and how detailed the illustrations were to make", "dsssBxmlesg-00158-00077176-00077451": "each character and their story significant.", "dsssBxmlesg-00159-00077451-00077650": "I love the illustrations in this.", "dsssBxmlesg-00160-00077650-00078389": "I just love picture books because they are so amazing and this one did not disappoint.", "dsssBxmlesg-00161-00078389-00078489": "I loved it.", "dsssBxmlesg-00162-00078489-00079112": "The back says “You are powerful. You are brave. You are brilliant” like these illustrations are just beautiful.", "dsssBxmlesg-00163-00079112-00079613": "I really loved the non-binary rep. It says, “I want you to ask me but I don't like some", "dsssBxmlesg-00164-00079613-00080012": "of the questions, maybe you don't know which questions feel like friendship and which ones", "dsssBxmlesg-00165-00080012-00080149": "feel like Ouch.", "dsssBxmlesg-00166-00080149-00080582": "If you get a feeling inside you like your question might sting, let it go.", "dsssBxmlesg-00167-00080582-00080725": "Don't share it with me.", "dsssBxmlesg-00168-00080725-00081173": "Not all thoughts need to become words in the world” - that's my favorite quote.", "dsssBxmlesg-00169-00081173-00081730": "“ I have a friend who loves me for me, doesn't ask about my body parts but does want to know", "dsssBxmlesg-00170-00081730-00082247": "what it is like being non-binary, checks in with me when the teachers get jammed up on", "dsssBxmlesg-00171-00082247-00082837": "my pronouns, offers to go shopping with me for school clothes so I am not alone.", "dsssBxmlesg-00172-00082837-00083141": "My friend holds my truth and stands up with me.", "dsssBxmlesg-00173-00083141-00083587": "They're cool with me being exactly who I am and all the ways. You are not alone.", "dsssBxmlesg-00174-00083587-00084201": "I'll go with you. This is a story, you and me see your history, my history, their history.", "dsssBxmlesg-00175-00084201-00084423": "We learn them together.", "dsssBxmlesg-00176-00084423-00084591": "I am me because you are you.”", "dsssBxmlesg-00177-00084591-00084769": "Oh my gosh, this was just so great.", "dsssBxmlesg-00178-00084769-00085012": "I'll have a link down below if you want to check it out.", "dsssBxmlesg-00179-00085012-00085438": "I really enjoyed it because it just reminds you that you matter.", "dsssBxmlesg-00180-00085438-00085723": "That is just a message that I think everybody needs currently.", "dsssBxmlesg-00181-00085723-00086349": "So thank you again to the publisher for sending me this and that is it for my April wrap up.", "dsssBxmlesg-00182-00086349-00086757": "Thank you for watching. Let me know in the comments what you read in April and if you", "dsssBxmlesg-00183-00086757-00087099": "want to join my book club the link for Patreon is down below.", "dsssBxmlesg-00184-00087099-00087513": "Thank you and I will see you in my next video very soon, bye!", "dsssBxmlesg-00185-00087513-00088167": "[Music playing]"}}, {"audio_id": "dsEBi7pn1jg", "text": {"dsEBi7pn1jg-00000-00000102-00000518": "this video will show you how to use Google Docs to write a paragraph", "dsEBi7pn1jg-00001-00000518-00001065": "and how to share the document with others. First you need to login to Google", "dsEBi7pn1jg-00002-00001065-00001192": "which your Gmail", "dsEBi7pn1jg-00003-00001192-00001892": "account.", "dsEBi7pn1jg-00004-00002558-00002865": "If you don't go directly to docs go to", "dsEBi7pn1jg-00005-00002865-00003214": "apps click on apps", "dsEBi7pn1jg-00006-00003214-00003914": "cuick on more click on docs if you have other documents", "dsEBi7pn1jg-00007-00003925-00004562": "they will show up on his page to create and you document quick on the plus sign", "dsEBi7pn1jg-00008-00004562-00005262": "it says create new document type your name", "dsEBi7pn1jg-00009-00005384-00005896": "and the date at the top of the page ok", "dsEBi7pn1jg-00010-00005896-00006595": "ok", "dsEBi7pn1jg-00011-00006697-00007020": "it enter on your keyboard to go to the next line", "dsEBi7pn1jg-00012-00007020-00007556": "type it I talk yet", "dsEBi7pn1jg-00013-00007556-00007879": "tab on your keyboard to indent", "dsEBi7pn1jg-00014-00007879-00008571": "again hi in your paragraph ok", "dsEBi7pn1jg-00015-00008571-00009271": "ok ok", "dsEBi7pn1jg-00016-00009273-00009944": "ok", "dsEBi7pn1jg-00017-00009944-00010416": "ok", "dsEBi7pn1jg-00018-00010416-00010971": "back ok ok", "dsEBi7pn1jg-00019-00010971-00011427": "ok", "dsEBi7pn1jg-00020-00011427-00011692": "ok back", "dsEBi7pn1jg-00021-00011692-00012039": "ok ok", "dsEBi7pn1jg-00022-00012039-00012699": "if you make a mistake use backspace key on your keyboard to erase it", "dsEBi7pn1jg-00023-00012699-00013236": "and typed the correct word ok", "dsEBi7pn1jg-00024-00013236-00013936": "ok", "dsEBi7pn1jg-00025-00014133-00014544": "when you finish typing your paragraph you need to make some changes", "dsEBi7pn1jg-00026-00014544-00014862": "first quick by the title", "dsEBi7pn1jg-00027-00014862-00015276": "go to the toolbar quick Center", "dsEBi7pn1jg-00028-00015276-00015731": "good to toolbar again", "dsEBi7pn1jg-00029-00015731-00016134": "click at it click on select", "dsEBi7pn1jg-00030-00016134-00016494": "all quick on line spacing", "dsEBi7pn1jg-00031-00016494-00016826": "and click double", "dsEBi7pn1jg-00032-00016826-00017276": "you can check your spelling", "dsEBi7pn1jg-00033-00017276-00017725": "go to this toolbar and click on Tools", "dsEBi7pn1jg-00034-00017725-00018115": "click on spelling", "dsEBi7pn1jg-00035-00018115-00018462": "if it finds a mistake quick change", "dsEBi7pn1jg-00036-00018462-00019123": "or ignore you need to rename your document", "dsEBi7pn1jg-00037-00019123-00019681": "quick on untitled Document type the title", "dsEBi7pn1jg-00038-00019681-00020107": "and your name ok", "dsEBi7pn1jg-00039-00020107-00020506": "click OK", "dsEBi7pn1jg-00040-00020506-00020973": "if you want to share this document", "dsEBi7pn1jg-00041-00020973-00021438": "click Share you had two options", "dsEBi7pn1jg-00042-00021438-00021840": "you can type a person's gmail address", "dsEBi7pn1jg-00043-00021840-00022248": "here and click Done", "dsEBi7pn1jg-00044-00022248-00022723": "or you can click get shared a link", "dsEBi7pn1jg-00045-00022723-00023106": "it's already highlighted", "dsEBi7pn1jg-00046-00023106-00023512": "so right click click on copy", "dsEBi7pn1jg-00047-00023512-00023876": "then you can paste the link for example", "dsEBi7pn1jg-00048-00023876-00024576": "in a campus discussion", "dsEBi7pn1jg-00049-00024973-00025170": "that is how New Years Google Docs"}}, {"audio_id": "dsNtWi5Ypb8", "text": {"dsNtWi5Ypb8-00000-00000516-00000610": "That's not a \"schnitzel\"", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00001-00000610-00000738": "No, but close enough.", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00002-00000738-00000884": "But chickennuggets are always good, right?", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00003-00001090-00001218": "I've got \"bratwurst\", like you're supposed to here.", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00004-00001352-00001552": "Here comes my big liter cup!", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00005-00001668-00001896": "Look at this! You got nuggy's too.", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00006-00002220-00002478": "Ah, you know me so well, ketchup AND mayonaise", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00007-00002478-00002948": "It's not just a bigger drink but you also get much more nuggets.", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00008-00002948-00003258": "Yes, but I've gotten the 8-piece meal.", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00009-00003261-00003622": "In German, \"Eet Smakelijk\" (Dutch not German). Yes, Bon Apetit (French, still not German)", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00010-00004244-00004458": "It sound a lot better than \"Python\". (Coaster in Dutch park \"the Efteling\")", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00011-00007800-00007970": "wow, only 15 minutes!", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00012-00008318-00008440": "Just a 15 minute wait.", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00013-00008782-00008898": "Leonoor, you're too small.", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00014-00008986-00009102": "I'm taller than you!", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00015-00009282-00009588": "(singing \"Rio\" by Maywood)", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00016-00009602-00009714": "oh, that's something else.", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00017-00010918-00011118": "These are the preferred wait-times for a coaster.", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00018-00011186-00011334": "yes, I love it.", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00019-00012913-00013140": "Imagine, the queue can be all the way up here. Yes, indeed.", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00020-00013606-00013754": "Oh, a wonderful B&M", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00021-00013862-00013950": "I love B&M", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00022-00014702-00014944": "One downside of this park... Yes, SO many stairs!!!", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00023-00015518-00015818": "I agree with you on that. But that's good for my stamina.", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00024-00016169-00016392": "The lovely smell of swimmingpool water.", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00025-00020746-00021036": "There goes spontaneity. Black Mamba was \"chill\"", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00026-00021072-00021404": "My camera refused to record so we were talking at nothing, very nice.", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00027-00021476-00021814": "We're now going to ride \"Colorado Adventure\"", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00028-00021928-00022026": "There it is.", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00029-00022060-00022260": "The music here is all \"Colorado-like\"", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00030-00022630-00022830": "Nice and quiet little seating-area. A bit empty now but...", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00031-00023040-00023140": "It all looks very nice.", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00032-00023232-00023390": "I like this park.", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00033-00023390-00023914": "The best thing about this park, what gives it the most charm, is also the biggest downside...", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00034-00023982-00024130": "my personal opinion...", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00035-00024130-00024266": "You're ALWAYS climbing stairs.", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00036-00024468-00024542": "but I'll manage", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00037-00024586-00024870": "So far we went on \"Taron\"", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00038-00024976-00025294": "...the \"Black Mamba\", Both were amazing.", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00039-00025370-00025518": "Right? They were cool right?", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00040-00025518-00025800": "It failed before, so I'll ask again; How was \"Black Mamba\"", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00041-00025906-00026106": "What do you mean \"it failed\"???", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00042-00026106-00026254": "I didn't press \"record\"", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00043-00026358-00026668": "You went full DERP, never go full DERP. You had just one job!", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00044-00026858-00027000": "It sounds like Dolly is here too. Dolly Parton.", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00045-00027702-00027992": "This is the Colorado Adventure.", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00046-00028364-00028583": "At least they're prepared for large crowds", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00047-00035340-00035450": "NEVER AGAIN!", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00048-00035492-00035584": "That was fun!!", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00049-00036310-00036472": "what's that, Leonoor, you liked it?", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00050-00036494-00036694": "I enjoyed it.", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00051-00036718-00036996": "I never been so bruised on a ride before.", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00052-00037074-00037324": "Never again. At least we did it.", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00053-00037324-00037512": "that's what counts", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00054-00037854-00038000": "Look at this, isn't this nice?", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00055-00038102-00038268": "Doesn't this look real festive", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00056-00038408-00038548": "Arena de Fiesta", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00057-00038764-00039026": "The \"Chiapas\" is back there. F*cking steep.", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00058-00039166-00039234": "but we did it.", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00059-00039890-00040026": "it's really tasty.", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00060-00040026-00040164": "what did you put in it?", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00061-00040218-00040418": "kiwi, white chocolat and nuts", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00062-00040418-00040610": "yummie yummie yummie", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00063-00040668-00040930": "and you were already cold enough? yeah.", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00064-00041200-00041328": "Nice little patio, there.", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00065-00041648-00041738": "yes, I like it.", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00066-00044112-00044246": "I'm already wet.", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00067-00044414-00044554": "totaly over the front.", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00068-00050970-00051094": "I DON'T WANT TO DO THIS ANYMORE!!!", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00069-00051416-00051740": "I DON'T WANT TO DO THIS ANYMORE!!! I DON'T WANT TO DO THIS ANYMORE!!!", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00070-00054186-00054386": "My left shoe got wet. Just my left, not the right shoe.", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00071-00054414-00054614": "Who cares about your shoes!!!", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00072-00055670-00055734": "SO!!!", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00073-00055734-00055866": "That was pretty fun!", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00074-00055984-00056079": "Jort got to go in front!", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00075-00056266-00056428": "In the... what was the name again?", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00076-00056544-00056640": "the \"Chiapas\"", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00077-00056796-00056996": "They said you wouldn't get wet.", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00078-00057084-00057284": "What is the wait-time for \"Maus au Chocolat\"?", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00079-00057896-00058124": "What's that? Your ride... with all the \"shootering\"!", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00080-00058624-00058888": "okay, so the \"Chiapas\"... SOAKED!", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00081-00058888-00058998": "The others aren't.", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00082-00059055-00059370": "maybe a right sock, or a left leg, or a right pinky", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00083-00059478-00059712": "But I got the most of it.", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00084-00059858-00060058": "you're almost dry again!", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00085-00060066-00060266": "It's nice and warm so I'm almost dry. Ricardo put that correctly", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00086-00060394-00060522": "I'm taking of my sunglasses.", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00087-00060540-00060760": "We're riding \"Maus au Chocolat\"", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00088-00060944-00061048": "Everybody ready?", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00089-00061114-00061354": "You're shooting with a piping bag.", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00090-00061988-00062188": "It looks like they have all sort of sweets here.", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00091-00062267-00062382": "Chocolat.", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00092-00062505-00062912": "Banana skewers with chocolat and strawberries covered in chocolat.", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00093-00062948-00063041": "fresh fruit", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00094-00063296-00063462": "and next to the fresh fruit, candy strings", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00095-00063632-00063832": "so healthy and unhealthy candy's", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00096-00063852-00064288": "they also have pizza here. Very nice smelling pizza!", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00097-00064729-00064991": "and an icecream mixing station.", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00098-00065070-00065388": "You can littery eat yourself sick here.", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00099-00065678-00065878": "softserve with toppings", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00100-00066100-00066502": "The day is done, we're on our way home, at least, we're in the car trying to get home.", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00101-00066578-00066824": "we're in a traffic jam getting of the parking", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00102-00066974-00067496": "It takes a long time, since you have to pay for parking when you leave.", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00103-00067580-00067876": "So the traffic is a bit blocked. But we had a great time right?", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00104-00067888-00068088": "Absolutlely! We had a blast.", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00105-00068148-00068356": "People can't here a thumbs up, honey.", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00106-00068402-00068602": "Now you can show your thumbs-up", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00107-00068680-00069122": "We had fun. Small park, but more compact than \"not much to do\"-small", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00108-00069298-00069576": "Mystery Castle was...euhm... I'm never riding that again!", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00109-00069616-00069928": "What a terrible machine that was. (indoor mutiple drop-towers, very claustrophobic)", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00110-00070000-00070414": "So now we have the trip home ahead of us for the next 2,5 hours.", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00111-00070582-00070734": "looking forward to it??", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00112-00070786-00070936": "How to properly end a themepark day?", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00113-00070978-00071222": "Yummie Mickey-D's", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00114-00071308-00071426": "just because we can!", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00115-00071552-00071808": "just because of ... pada-papapa", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00116-00071888-00072302": "I couldn't make up my mind so I got a McChicken and a BigMac.", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00117-00072366-00072584": "It still amazes me, because they say \"there is only one\"...", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00118-00072672-00073034": "...but I don't want to be mean... There is another one... that makes two.", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00119-00073118-00073230": "so that isn't right.", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00120-00073308-00073508": "They fool you right in front of your eyes.", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00121-00073630-00073888": "What are you having Ricardo? Since I see multiple burgers...", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00122-00073904-00074182": "I'm guessing that one and one of those. That is correct.", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00123-00074238-00074438": "and what are you having? That one and that one.", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00124-00074568-00074778": "I ordered a BigMac and a McChicken, since they had only one.", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00125-00074778-00074976": "but turns out they were lying.", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00126-00075104-00075204": "I'd ask for a refund.", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00127-00075204-00075710": "We're at home now, last night we came home late.", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00128-00075732-00075932": "I've started editing the vlog.", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00129-00076004-00076252": "Phantasialand! Super fun park!", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00130-00076332-00076508": "Stupid of us we hadn't visited before.", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00131-00076588-00076788": "really cozy", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00132-00076814-00077138": "Like I said before, a very small park.", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00133-00077178-00077782": "but there is more than enough to do and the different themed lands are really fun.", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00134-00077948-00078548": "The only downside is on parking... golden advise here...", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00135-00078582-00078782": "parking costs €5,- so that isn't much.", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00136-00078826-00079222": "which you have to pay on leaving.", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00137-00079278-00079606": "so make sure you have €5,- cash ready,", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00138-00079606-00079924": "because we had some people in front of us that didn't ...", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00139-00079924-00080388": "and then you get a discussion and they had to get some money and all the drama and chaos.", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00140-00080388-00080544": "and that leads to a traffic jam.", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00141-00080544-00081302": "So just make sure you have €5,- cash ready, or at least some cash bills to pay for parking.", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00142-00081302-00081524": "That was the only actual big downside.", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00143-00081524-00081870": "a much smaller downside is actually the reason for the parks charm", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00144-00081870-00082128": "is the fact the park is very \"hilly\"", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00145-00082128-00082550": "It is the reason for great atmosphere, but you're walking and climbing your butts off.", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00146-00082562-00082916": "Your always climbing, up some stairs, down some stairs, up the hill, down the hill.", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00147-00083056-00083418": "Very exhausting, so take your time, relax.", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00148-00083442-00083652": "As for the rest, super fun park.", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00149-00083652-00083838": "and highly recommended", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00150-00083838-00084336": "If you havn't already, don't forget to subscribe. I'll put the link right here.", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00151-00084464-00084548": "There it is", "dsNtWi5Ypb8-00152-00084740-00085114": "and we'll see you next time. BYE BYE!"}}, {"audio_id": "dsZnpYUG5uU", "text": {"dsZnpYUG5uU-00000-00000025-00000531": "This video provides an overview of some of the more creative assessments I’ve implemented", "dsZnpYUG5uU-00001-00000531-00000930": "in the learning management system, Brightspace.", "dsZnpYUG5uU-00002-00000930-00001365": "The group oral presentation replaces a written assignment.", "dsZnpYUG5uU-00003-00001365-00001602": "There are several advantages to this.", "dsZnpYUG5uU-00004-00001602-00002185": "The primary advantage is that the case study presentation helps the students understand", "dsZnpYUG5uU-00005-00002185-00002790": "the relevance of the upcoming lecture, and provides examples to reference during that", "dsZnpYUG5uU-00006-00002790-00003017": "lecture.", "dsZnpYUG5uU-00007-00003017-00003602": "Another advantage is that learners become familiar with using the textbook as a reference.", "dsZnpYUG5uU-00008-00003602-00004255": "They also have more choice in terms of topics and when their presentation is due, compared", "dsZnpYUG5uU-00009-00004255-00004742": "to a written assignment with a single due date on a single topic.", "dsZnpYUG5uU-00010-00004742-00005232": "I’ve set up this assignment as a “group” in Brightspace.", "dsZnpYUG5uU-00011-00005232-00005732": "This allows students to collaborate online, and submit their research notes via Turnitin.", "dsZnpYUG5uU-00012-00005732-00006321": "I can easily email members of the specific group, for example, to send a reminder on", "dsZnpYUG5uU-00013-00006321-00006601": "their upcoming presentation.", "dsZnpYUG5uU-00014-00006601-00007311": "By searching for unenrolled students, I can also see who does not yet have a group.", "dsZnpYUG5uU-00015-00007311-00007793": "The group presentation includes a low-inference marking checklist.", "dsZnpYUG5uU-00016-00007793-00008004": "You can see an extract here.", "dsZnpYUG5uU-00017-00008004-00008725": "A low-inference checklist requires some upfront effort to articulate specific expectations,", "dsZnpYUG5uU-00018-00008725-00009282": "but students more easily understand what is expected of them.", "dsZnpYUG5uU-00019-00009282-00009826": "Further as the assessor, because I’m not required to use as much of my judgment, I", "dsZnpYUG5uU-00020-00009826-00010406": "find it is much easier and faster to assess using this type of checklist.", "dsZnpYUG5uU-00021-00010406-00010930": "I complete the checklist during the in-class presentation.", "dsZnpYUG5uU-00022-00010930-00011502": "I then scan and upload to Turnitin as a “feedback file”.", "dsZnpYUG5uU-00023-00011502-00012372": "Alternatively, it would be possible to input the checklist results into a Brightspace rubric.", "dsZnpYUG5uU-00024-00012372-00012897": "In either case, all members of the group have access to their feedback and mark breakdown", "dsZnpYUG5uU-00025-00012897-00013138": "via Brightspace.", "dsZnpYUG5uU-00026-00013138-00013756": "PeerWise is a website which allows students to draft and post multiple-choice questions", "dsZnpYUG5uU-00027-00013756-00014137": "with their explanation of their correct answer.", "dsZnpYUG5uU-00028-00014137-00014538": "Students may also answer each other’s questions and post comments.", "dsZnpYUG5uU-00029-00014538-00015076": "Thanks to Dr. Jim Panchuk for introducing me to this website, and his guidance in developing", "dsZnpYUG5uU-00030-00015076-00015301": "an assessment.", "dsZnpYUG5uU-00031-00015301-00015815": "I find that the question and answer format requires online submissions to be more thoughtful,", "dsZnpYUG5uU-00032-00015815-00016207": "as compared to a forum discussion activity.", "dsZnpYUG5uU-00033-00016207-00016780": "The ability of students to augment a question author’s explanation is great because it", "dsZnpYUG5uU-00034-00016780-00017255": "improves the overall quality of the online discussion, and allows students to demonstrate", "dsZnpYUG5uU-00035-00017255-00017616": "knowledge of course content.", "dsZnpYUG5uU-00036-00017616-00018126": "Gamification and reputation scores may get students very motivated.", "dsZnpYUG5uU-00037-00018126-00018673": "An additional benefit is that students can use the question bank generated in PeerWise", "dsZnpYUG5uU-00038-00018673-00018976": "to practice prior to exams.", "dsZnpYUG5uU-00039-00018976-00019444": "Set PeerWise deadlines to 1 week before exams to allow this.", "dsZnpYUG5uU-00040-00019444-00019957": "Students can associate their question with one of the chapters using tags.", "dsZnpYUG5uU-00041-00019957-00020390": "When practising, they can then focus on questions related to a specific chapter.", "dsZnpYUG5uU-00042-00020390-00021069": "I structure the assessment to include three “check-in” deadlines, at which the students", "dsZnpYUG5uU-00043-00021069-00021554": "earn one mark for meeting a milestone.", "dsZnpYUG5uU-00044-00021554-00022273": "To mark a check-in, I download a participation summary from PeerWise, as well as a .CSV file", "dsZnpYUG5uU-00045-00022273-00022681": "from Brightspace for the grade column I need to mark.", "dsZnpYUG5uU-00046-00022681-00023370": "I manually update the .CSV with a “1” for each student that met the milestone requirements.", "dsZnpYUG5uU-00047-00023370-00023943": "This is relatively quick with the two documents open in Excel, side by side.", "dsZnpYUG5uU-00048-00023943-00024454": "I then upload the revised .CSV file to Brightspace.", "dsZnpYUG5uU-00049-00024454-00024926": "The final PeerWise submission is assessed for overall quality.", "dsZnpYUG5uU-00050-00024926-00025376": "The rubric extract here shows the highest level of performance.", "dsZnpYUG5uU-00051-00025376-00025966": "There are other levels of performance in the rubric, in addition to points for the check-ins.", "dsZnpYUG5uU-00052-00025966-00026504": "To complete the marking, I open the PeerWise website side-by-side with Brightspace.", "dsZnpYUG5uU-00053-00026504-00027001": "I review each student’s contributions in PeerWise, then click the appropriate rubric", "dsZnpYUG5uU-00054-00027001-00027600": "boxes in Brightspace, where the student may access their feedback and mark breakdown.", "dsZnpYUG5uU-00055-00027600-00028002": "Again, the rubric is drafted to be low inference.", "dsZnpYUG5uU-00056-00028002-00028352": "This allows for faster, easier, and more transparent marking."}}, {"audio_id": "dtdolxqOXq4", "text": {"dtdolxqOXq4-00000-00000000-00000552": "hey everybody welcome back today I've got something very special for you I have the", "dtdolxqOXq4-00001-00000552-00001452": "legendary Sony gdm FW 900 in the shop here today and it's right behind me and that is", "dtdolxqOXq4-00002-00001452-00002064": "this beautiful number right here check it out unfortunately as it sits right now this", "dtdolxqOXq4-00003-00002064-00002658": "monitor does not power on it doesn't work at all we've got really no signal when I tried to", "dtdolxqOXq4-00004-00002658-00003024": "power it on so what we're going to do today is we're going to try to get inside this do some", "dtdolxqOXq4-00005-00003024-00003486": "troubleshooting and some repairs and hopefully get the screen to come on and see what it looks", "dtdolxqOXq4-00006-00003486-00004032": "like because I have been just waiting for years to get this amazing CRT in here and", "dtdolxqOXq4-00007-00004032-00004560": "hopefully have it a chance to see it in action because as everybody knows this one has jumped", "dtdolxqOXq4-00008-00004560-00005058": "the shark and the internet knows that this is the most desirable CRT on planet Earth", "dtdolxqOXq4-00009-00005220-00006114": "all right here it is everybody arguably one of the best CRTs ever made this is the Sony FW 900", "dtdolxqOXq4-00010-00006114-00007014": "and it is actually from Hewlett-Packard so who would ever thunk that Hewlett-Packard would have", "dtdolxqOXq4-00011-00007014-00007745": "made one of the most amazing CRTs but they did have their own variation on the front we have a", "dtdolxqOXq4-00012-00007745-00008472": "moniker here for a seven two one seven a and then over here the Trinitron marker and then it's a 24", "dtdolxqOXq4-00013-00008472-00009072": "inch wide screen tube display all right here is the back of the monitor we have taken it apart a", "dtdolxqOXq4-00014-00009072-00009684": "little bit because as I said it does not work and there's a couple issues going on I have trouble", "dtdolxqOXq4-00015-00009684-00010536": "shot this power supply and I replaced all the bad capacitors in here inspected all the fuses all", "dtdolxqOXq4-00016-00010536-00011208": "the traces all the other components and I found nothing that was visibly bad or tested bad so I", "dtdolxqOXq4-00017-00011208-00011802": "think that the power supply is in good shape now but my suspicion is that most of the issues are", "dtdolxqOXq4-00018-00011802-00012384": "over here in the deflection board which is on the right hand side and again I've pre removed", "dtdolxqOXq4-00019-00012384-00012894": "some screws and a lot of things to get to the point where I'm at now the entire neck Ford has", "dtdolxqOXq4-00020-00012894-00013404": "already gone along with our input board which sits down here and all that has to be removed", "dtdolxqOXq4-00021-00013404-00013956": "because you have to be able to get this portion which goes into the flyback here you have to be", "dtdolxqOXq4-00022-00013956-00014850": "able to get all that out of the way to be able to uh get in here and get to the board and be able to", "dtdolxqOXq4-00023-00014850-00015341": "remove the board and you have to be able to remove the shielding a little bit so you can pull this", "dtdolxqOXq4-00024-00015341-00015978": "portion out and it's really a headache to get to so it's not the easiest thing to work on obviously", "dtdolxqOXq4-00025-00015978-00016584": "but it's worth working on I think so we're going to try to get this thing back in working order", "dtdolxqOXq4-00026-00016584-00017292": "and I've already removed all the cabling here on this except for one and that is the anode cap and", "dtdolxqOXq4-00027-00017292-00017934": "this needs to be removed so that we can just pull this board and get it out of the way and the only", "dtdolxqOXq4-00028-00017934-00018726": "thing left to do really is to discharge this tube so I'm going to do that now I do have my ground", "dtdolxqOXq4-00029-00018834-00019746": "Point here with my grounding tool my handy dandy discharge tool and so I'm going to get in here", "dtdolxqOXq4-00030-00019746-00020244": "right now we're going to try to discharge this tube and we'll see if we get any kind of spark", "dtdolxqOXq4-00031-00020244-00020706": "I doubt it this does have a bleeder resistor but if anything will happen it'll be right in there", "dtdolxqOXq4-00032-00020784-00021510": "now see nothing so just get that tap the No Cap discharge that tube right there a little bit", "dtdolxqOXq4-00033-00021630-00022632": "and now I can remove this tool and we're safe to remove the deflection board", "dtdolxqOXq4-00034-00022704-00023250": "and now we can take this D board down to the shop because I suspect lots of capacitors on this board", "dtdolxqOXq4-00035-00023250-00023790": "to be bad there's a quick look inside here look at the connections and other points that we've got", "dtdolxqOXq4-00036-00023892-00024738": "some amazing piece of Hardware Sony has here and this is our Yoke the coke amazing that yolk is wow", "dtdolxqOXq4-00037-00024846-00025116": "all right let's get down to the shop and see if we can't get this", "dtdolxqOXq4-00038-00025170-00025962": "D board fixed up then we'll see what happens all right we've got our board isolated I've actually", "dtdolxqOXq4-00039-00025962-00026508": "removed all the shielding and cleaned it up just a little bit but of course this is the anode cap", "dtdolxqOXq4-00040-00026574-00027126": "and then down here's our main flyback Transformer and then of course we've got all this stuff that's", "dtdolxqOXq4-00041-00027126-00027720": "helping us control our deflection and our screen geometry and there's some pretty vital Parts in", "dtdolxqOXq4-00042-00027720-00028350": "here and also this board gets extremely hot that's why you'll notice this huge heat sink plate and", "dtdolxqOXq4-00043-00028350-00028776": "then there's a couple other major heat sinks right here but there's going to be a high temperature", "dtdolxqOXq4-00044-00028776-00029304": "generated from this board especially this side so I'm going to check the solder Integrity up", "dtdolxqOXq4-00045-00029304-00029982": "here and I'm going to go through and use this tool right here and actually start testing all", "dtdolxqOXq4-00046-00029982-00030389": "the capacitors so if you want to know more about this tool definitely check out this video right", "dtdolxqOXq4-00047-00030389-00030804": "here and that will tell you all about this tool because I've done a review of it it's a great", "dtdolxqOXq4-00048-00030804-00031392": "handy tool for testing capacitors and it will tell you whether they are good or bad without having to", "dtdolxqOXq4-00049-00031392-00031992": "remove them from the circuit and then I'll record the bad capacitors on my sheet here and then I", "dtdolxqOXq4-00050-00031992-00032700": "will basically pull those and replace them and that's what I did earlier with the actual PSU or", "dtdolxqOXq4-00051-00032700-00033108": "the power supply board which was the gboard I've already gone through that was all the bad caps", "dtdolxqOXq4-00052-00033108-00033726": "in it and we'll see how many of these test out bad I'm betting it's even more than the ones that were", "dtdolxqOXq4-00053-00033726-00034278": "on the g board so let's go through now we're going to get set up we'll we'll turn the ESR meter on", "dtdolxqOXq4-00054-00034278-00034824": "over here we'll get set up and we'll start testing these capacitors and see which ones read bad", "dtdolxqOXq4-00055-00035094-00036330": "which this is a 220 so that one's that one's reading bad so see seven one zero", "dtdolxqOXq4-00056-00036480-00037344": "that's bad Mark that one with a sharpie it's marked for replacement now all right these are all", "dtdolxqOXq4-00057-00037344-00037920": "the capacitors that read bad on this board that I'm going to change out it came to a total of 23", "dtdolxqOXq4-00058-00037920-00038526": "and there's only 29 caps on this board thankfully the big ones are the ones that are the ones that", "dtdolxqOXq4-00059-00038526-00039054": "are left over and those tend to read good they don't wear out quickly like the smaller ones do", "dtdolxqOXq4-00060-00039054-00039678": "so I'm going to use my hacko FR 301 right here and we're going to just remove these bad capacitors", "dtdolxqOXq4-00061-00039678-00040362": "and then we'll come in afterwards and replace them with some fresh upgrade capacitors foreign", "dtdolxqOXq4-00062-00041822-00041922": "[Music]", "dtdolxqOXq4-00063-00041922-00042520": "okay that's our first one now we just have 22 more to go [Music]", "dtdolxqOXq4-00064-00042786-00043398": "well that's all done we've got all the capacitors that were failed out of this board see how they're", "dtdolxqOXq4-00065-00043398-00044118": "all just pulled from these sections mostly now the most difficult one to get was a bonus capacitor I", "dtdolxqOXq4-00066-00044118-00044814": "found and it's under this heat sink tucked way in there I doubt you can even see it but maybe", "dtdolxqOXq4-00067-00044814-00045270": "you can all the way against the heat sink in the back on the back side so that's going to be a fun", "dtdolxqOXq4-00068-00045270-00045918": "one to try to re-thread and get back into the board but that's all of them there you go that", "dtdolxqOXq4-00069-00045918-00046512": "was actually 24 capacitors that are bad so now I'm going to go ahead and make the custom cap kit", "dtdolxqOXq4-00070-00046512-00047274": "and then I'm going to install those capacitors in this board using my re-soldering station and", "dtdolxqOXq4-00071-00047274-00047820": "then once I finished all that step up I will come back I'm going to show you this board how it looks", "dtdolxqOXq4-00072-00047820-00048336": "when it's cleaned up and then we'll put it back down there in the shielding and go test it with", "dtdolxqOXq4-00073-00048336-00049008": "the other boards all right so I've gone through and I've recapped that board and then I went a", "dtdolxqOXq4-00074-00049008-00049596": "little bit crazy and I decided that instead of just periodically replacing the caps in one board", "dtdolxqOXq4-00075-00049596-00050046": "and then going on to the next board I went ahead and serviced all the boards so you saw the power", "dtdolxqOXq4-00076-00050046-00050568": "supply and then the deflection board but here's what else I've done in the meantime here is that", "dtdolxqOXq4-00077-00050568-00051186": "deflection board again it's been recapped at least all the bad caps but I also did this board which", "dtdolxqOXq4-00078-00051186-00051666": "was inside the Monitor and it's hard to get to it's in the bottom I'll show you where it goes", "dtdolxqOXq4-00079-00051666-00052140": "here because we're gonna have to put it back but I figured uh rather than waiting for this to show", "dtdolxqOXq4-00080-00052140-00052710": "me more problems I'd go ahead and recap it and I recapped this board which is the a board which was", "dtdolxqOXq4-00081-00052710-00053346": "behind the neck board so both of these two boards are very difficult to get to in case you got to", "dtdolxqOXq4-00082-00053346-00053850": "service them so I went ahead and serviced both of them and then I also serviced this neck board", "dtdolxqOXq4-00083-00053850-00054594": "which also acts as the input board for our video inputs here so all of these boards now have been", "dtdolxqOXq4-00084-00054594-00055241": "rebuilt and should be good to go and if I look here at my cap kit list this is all that I've", "dtdolxqOXq4-00085-00055241-00055770": "done it looks like a total of 92 capacitors and that's what 92 capacitors looks like right there", "dtdolxqOXq4-00086-00055770-00056466": "all those red bad now none of them are leaking or visibly bad but they all read really bad to", "dtdolxqOXq4-00087-00056466-00057072": "starting to go bad on the ESR meteor all right so now we're going to do is we're going to go up and", "dtdolxqOXq4-00088-00057072-00057564": "take a quick look at the chassis upstairs and the tube and then I'm going to have to put all these", "dtdolxqOXq4-00089-00057564-00058098": "boards back here inside there and we'll run a test and goodness gracious let's just hope we", "dtdolxqOXq4-00090-00058098-00058650": "can get some kind of picture to show up on that screen so here's the back side of our monitor", "dtdolxqOXq4-00091-00058650-00059100": "as you can tell half of it's been removed the only anything left is our power supply over here", "dtdolxqOXq4-00092-00059100-00059532": "and then this is the deflection yoke which we will not be servicing that one board that was", "dtdolxqOXq4-00093-00059532-00059994": "telling you that's hard to get to it sits right in here and then the other board sits right next", "dtdolxqOXq4-00094-00059994-00060612": "to it right here where my hand is and then you got to put this shielding right here into place", "dtdolxqOXq4-00095-00060612-00061229": "uh in front of all that and then you can attach the neck board as well as the deflection board", "dtdolxqOXq4-00096-00061229-00061962": "so what I'm going to have to do now is come in here and reassemble this Monitor and hopefully", "dtdolxqOXq4-00097-00061962-00062736": "uh after it's been reassembled it will work but that's the big test and big question will it work", "dtdolxqOXq4-00098-00062736-00063240": "after all this now give me one second and I'll get this back together and then we'll run that test", "dtdolxqOXq4-00099-00063450-00063984": "I of course have not tried this so I have no idea where this is going to work I've got my", "dtdolxqOXq4-00100-00063984-00064488": "power cable connected over here but I do not have my power strip on so now it's time to just", "dtdolxqOXq4-00101-00064488-00064974": "again take one last look in here at everything assembled and cleaned up and let's hope for the", "dtdolxqOXq4-00102-00064974-00065556": "best because I just spent an entire day and a half of my own time on this lovely Monitor", "dtdolxqOXq4-00103-00065556-00066234": "and I can only really hope that it comes out and works because again 92 capacitors being changed", "dtdolxqOXq4-00104-00066234-00066774": "boards being cleaned and all the other things that I've done so far with taking it apart and", "dtdolxqOXq4-00105-00066774-00067248": "reassembling it and even just testing and uh and whatnot it's all come down to this moment", "dtdolxqOXq4-00106-00067332-00067980": "so let's just go right into it and let's see what happens when we power this on all right", "dtdolxqOXq4-00107-00067980-00068340": "we're just going to try to power this on the first thing we're going to do is turn the power", "dtdolxqOXq4-00108-00068424-00069072": "on down here and then our power button right here oh goodness I sure am nervous", "dtdolxqOXq4-00109-00069444-00070098": "all right so green power light here I don't really see anything on the tube oh I see something", "dtdolxqOXq4-00110-00070368-00071226": "so wow yeah hmm oh man see this is what I was concerned about something's going on here still", "dtdolxqOXq4-00111-00071292-00072156": "we're getting this screen in all green let me see I mean it is powering on all right folks we're at", "dtdolxqOXq4-00112-00072156-00072858": "the point here where you can see it's got a green tent over it I can't adjust like screen G2 voltage", "dtdolxqOXq4-00113-00072858-00073428": "like you could a normal manual way on this monitor I don't believe it's able to do it like that so", "dtdolxqOXq4-00114-00073428-00073812": "technically I gotta wait for this thing to try to warm up now it keeps shutting itself off I believe", "dtdolxqOXq4-00115-00073812-00074376": "there's a short in the tube on the green line and that's why we're seeing this green constantly and", "dtdolxqOXq4-00116-00074376-00074916": "then the lines where it's just over voltage on the green because too much voltage is on that line due", "dtdolxqOXq4-00117-00074916-00075414": "to a short that's what I think is happening now I do have the Dreamcast in the background but as", "dtdolxqOXq4-00118-00075414-00075876": "you can see it just totally disappeared and now I'm afraid this is going to just shut itself off", "dtdolxqOXq4-00119-00075876-00076350": "because it kind of would do that out there we go see how it just shut itself off it's kind of the", "dtdolxqOXq4-00120-00076350-00076896": "normal thing it's been doing it'll maybe stay on a minute and shut itself off and then we do get", "dtdolxqOXq4-00121-00076896-00077280": "some blinking lights down here so I'll count the number of these blinking lights and see if the", "dtdolxqOXq4-00122-00077280-00078018": "service manual says anything otherwise I'm afraid that the darn tube is just dead on this bad boy", "dtdolxqOXq4-00123-00078222-00079008": "well unfortunately that's where I'm at with this FW 900 so after about a day's worth of", "dtdolxqOXq4-00124-00079008-00079536": "work you could see that I might be stuck with something that's just basically a boat anchor", "dtdolxqOXq4-00125-00079536-00080250": "at this point or just something to look at because I believe the tube is shorted out did tell me in", "dtdolxqOXq4-00126-00080250-00081282": "the manual that there is a code that is flashed on the front of the monitor down here by the buttons", "dtdolxqOXq4-00127-00081336-00081882": "and it's actually going right now and that's supposed to mean something as to what the", "dtdolxqOXq4-00128-00081882-00082524": "problem is the only issue is I'm not able to find anything in the manual that at least I could find", "dtdolxqOXq4-00129-00082524-00083112": "right away that said what you were supposed to determine that by it said count how long the Gap", "dtdolxqOXq4-00130-00083112-00083610": "is between the orange lights but it didn't say like what to do once you counted that and how to", "dtdolxqOXq4-00131-00083610-00084156": "determine uh maybe what was wrong with the monitor so if anybody has any ideas or sees that can you", "dtdolxqOXq4-00132-00084156-00084774": "please refer me to that also if you have any ideas as to what may be wrong with this please let me", "dtdolxqOXq4-00133-00084774-00085218": "know in the comments I'd be really interested to hear what other people think because again", "dtdolxqOXq4-00134-00085284-00085896": "I've spent an enormous amount of time on this Monitor and uh it's it's in a a dead State I", "dtdolxqOXq4-00135-00085896-00086274": "would love to hear any ideas that you guys may have if there's something you think I should", "dtdolxqOXq4-00136-00086274-00086784": "try just to verify the tube is dead eventually I'm going to get a tube tester working and this", "dtdolxqOXq4-00137-00086784-00087336": "will be a great chance to test this tube and just verify that the green is out but again I believe", "dtdolxqOXq4-00138-00087336-00087822": "the green is out and then I believe the monitor is tripping itself out and going into some kind of", "dtdolxqOXq4-00139-00087822-00088548": "safe mode and cutting itself off but I don't know what's going on with these amazing rare monitors", "dtdolxqOXq4-00140-00088548-00089214": "but we're not really able to get a working one in here yet so that's a bit disappointing and uh", "dtdolxqOXq4-00141-00089214-00089802": "I'll just have to you know get back to looking at what I can do with this one", "dtdolxqOXq4-00142-00089802-00090414": "and if there's any other tests that I can do to see if anything is really salvageable so", "dtdolxqOXq4-00143-00090414-00090918": "thanks again for watching everybody I will see you all next time with some more retro content", "dtdolxqOXq4-00144-00093090-00093606": "look at this video wall here", "dtdolxqOXq4-00145-00094290-00094386": "the wheels", "dtdolxqOXq4-00146-00094386-00096042": "what you guys working on um we're getting some good shots for the background for like", "dtdolxqOXq4-00147-00096042-00096552": "a promo video oh that's awesome I see guess how much is this um", "dtdolxqOXq4-00148-00096552-00097368": "89 89 really yeah sweet"}}, {"audio_id": "dt-HjtTR4yo", "text": {"dt-HjtTR4yo-00000-00000148-00000240": "hello:)", "dt-HjtTR4yo-00001-00000240-00000376": "This is Yeon's house!", "dt-HjtTR4yo-00002-00000384-00000614": "Plz suscribe & like", "dt-HjtTR4yo-00003-00000614-00000802": "with notification settings~", "dt-HjtTR4yo-00004-00000830-00001088": "I was very nervous cuz this is very first time in video settings", "dt-HjtTR4yo-00005-00001088-00001318": "I do my best!", "dt-HjtTR4yo-00006-00001334-00001500": "let's start!", "dt-HjtTR4yo-00007-00001518-00001955": "today i and my older sister's daily life", "dt-HjtTR4yo-00008-00001986-00002304": "plz understand even if the screen quality is not better", "dt-HjtTR4yo-00009-00002328-00002598": "this scene is my older sister", "dt-HjtTR4yo-00010-00003756-00004076": "today i meeting with my older alumnus in busan university!", "dt-HjtTR4yo-00011-00004212-00004518": "I saw this my fist video, people was good hear this comment,", "dt-HjtTR4yo-00012-00004540-00004828": "I was really very appreciation", "dt-HjtTR4yo-00013-00004830-00005110": "I do my best!", "dt-HjtTR4yo-00014-00006840-00007104": "going down~", "dt-HjtTR4yo-00015-00013490-00013996": "arrive in busan national university!!", "dt-HjtTR4yo-00016-00014488-00014741": "I drank jyori-pong latte! it was too delicious!", "dt-HjtTR4yo-00017-00014976-00015304": "now, it's my daily time!", "dt-HjtTR4yo-00018-00015313-00015497": "I'm going to meet my friends", "dt-HjtTR4yo-00019-00015506-00015626": "I haven't my video", "dt-HjtTR4yo-00020-00015626-00015824": "For instead, i sending this photos", "dt-HjtTR4yo-00021-00015824-00016052": "Gwanganri", "dt-HjtTR4yo-00022-00016174-00016474": "I good at taking pictures hehe:)", "dt-HjtTR4yo-00023-00016906-00017196": "is was very beautiful, isn't it?", "dt-HjtTR4yo-00024-00017368-00017568": "Gwanganri", "dt-HjtTR4yo-00025-00018104-00018344": "Mad-dox sweet chicago pizza", "dt-HjtTR4yo-00026-00018510-00018814": "This is a pop table", "dt-HjtTR4yo-00027-00018896-00019214": "Gambas", "dt-HjtTR4yo-00028-00019310-00019624": "I don't know this cocktail, it was not good", "dt-HjtTR4yo-00029-00019906-00020162": "this v-log is will be every time for videos!", "dt-HjtTR4yo-00030-00020162-00020518": "If you want to see this video, you must be write for comment!", "dt-HjtTR4yo-00031-00020518-00020772": "See you next video~! see-ya!"}}, {"audio_id": "dtRROy9F9do", "text": {"dtRROy9F9do-00000-00000000-00000308": "They brought me to the beautiful city of Puerto Varas, in the south of Chile", "dtRROy9F9do-00001-00000308-00000738": "to be in a conference about magnetosphere and space plasmas", "dtRROy9F9do-00002-00000738-00001032": "If you don't know what this is, you've got to see this video", "dtRROy9F9do-00003-00001032-00001312": "And if you already know, this will be of your total interest", "dtRROy9F9do-00004-00003260-00003542": "Officially registered to the conference", "dtRROy9F9do-00005-00003542-00003826": "Tell me, in a few words, what is this conference about", "dtRROy9F9do-00006-00003826-00003992": "- About the physics of the magnetosphere", "dtRROy9F9do-00007-00003992-00004252": "- Oohh, it sounds interesting - it's very interesting!", "dtRROy9F9do-00008-00004340-00004667": "So this is what you will learn: why the physics of the magnetosphere is interesting", "dtRROy9F9do-00009-00004668-00005096": "And now, the welcome cocktail. - The cocktail, because it doesn't work without it", "dtRROy9F9do-00010-00005096-00005328": "Registration and cocktail. Let's go eat.", "dtRROy9F9do-00011-00007484-00007952": "The conference starts. Registration was yesterday, today is the conference", "dtRROy9F9do-00012-00007952-00008406": "I have a mission, which is to try to understand what is space physics.", "dtRROy9F9do-00013-00008406-00008682": "But the truth is: it's complicated. What is space physics?", "dtRROy9F9do-00014-00008682-00009396": "The interaction between magnetosphere, ionosphere, plasma, a large collection of energies, which explode at the end", "dtRROy9F9do-00015-00009396-00009578": "And it's hard to explain", "dtRROy9F9do-00016-00009632-00009816": "Perfect, it's clear. Thank you", "dtRROy9F9do-00017-00009818-00010358": "Everything related to the Sun, the Earth, and the solar system, is called space physics", "dtRROy9F9do-00018-00010358-00010886": "It's the physics that studies plasmas in the solar system, the Earth, the magnetosphere, the planets", "dtRROy9F9do-00019-00012094-00012536": "We have the most important people in Space Physics here in Puerto Varas", "dtRROy9F9do-00020-00012536-00013100": "to talk about the latest results, the cutting edge research in the field", "dtRROy9F9do-00021-00013100-00013784": "Some attendants have defined the field. Some things carry their names, and they are here, giving talks", "dtRROy9F9do-00022-00015036-00015268": "In this room the conference is happening", "dtRROy9F9do-00023-00015268-00015622": "And something very important is the coffee break.  I want a coffee", "dtRROy9F9do-00024-00016202-00017014": "Space Physics is very important because the solar activity affect us directly. What is solar activity?", "dtRROy9F9do-00025-00017016-00017478": "How do you ask me that? How do you explain it?", "dtRROy9F9do-00026-00017478-00018072": "Events that occur, that manifest and have some direct impact in our planet.", "dtRROy9F9do-00027-00018074-00018692": "It is a group of phenomena that we observe in the Sun, for example, solar flares, sun spots, high radiation levels,", "dtRROy9F9do-00028-00018692-00019180": "and that we know have a cycle of 11 years between maximum and minimum", "dtRROy9F9do-00029-00019180-00019416": "What lies between the Earth and the Sun?", "dtRROy9F9do-00030-00019416-00019606": "What you have is usually solar wind.", "dtRROy9F9do-00031-00019606-00020250": "the solar wind, and its magnetic field that expands and interact with all planets, Earth included", "dtRROy9F9do-00032-00020250-00021010": "And produce effects as soon as that plasma interacts with the Earth's defense shield, the magnetic field", "dtRROy9F9do-00033-00021010-00021284": "so it's not empty, it is not a void.", "dtRROy9F9do-00034-00021284-00021798": "The magnetosphere is a magnetic field region surrounding the Earth", "dtRROy9F9do-00035-00021798-00022466": "We may say it is our shield againts the particles radiation coming from the Sun.", "dtRROy9F9do-00036-00022466-00022974": "The magnetosphere takes its shape because it is interacting with the solar wind.", "dtRROy9F9do-00037-00022974-00023588": "It is is several Earth's radii long, more extended to the nightside than the dayside.", "dtRROy9F9do-00038-00023588-00023994": "How was he? Did he answer well or not?", "dtRROy9F9do-00039-00023994-00024422": "It's been an intense but very good day. Ups! I'm going too fast.", "dtRROy9F9do-00040-00024726-00025018": "Let's start the second day of this space physics meeting!", "dtRROy9F9do-00041-00025018-00025758": "Everything is driven by the 11 years solar cycle. What is between the Sun and the planets it's not empty", "dtRROy9F9do-00042-00025758-00026477": "It is a plasma emitted by the Sun. We are safe because our planet has a magnetosphere", "dtRROy9F9do-00043-00026480-00026938": "I can assure you that without magnetosphere there would be no life on Earth", "dtRROy9F9do-00044-00026938-00027518": "The magnetosphere protects us from the the Sun. The Sun gives us many good things as heat and energy", "dtRROy9F9do-00045-00027518-00028018": "but it also sends several stuff that could destroy our cells if we would receive it directly", "dtRROy9F9do-00046-00029027-00029674": "An important part of conferences is the poster session. They make these wonderful designs...", "dtRROy9F9do-00047-00029706-00029854": "there's always noises here.", "dtRROy9F9do-00048-00029854-00030352": "So they can tell about the topics they are researching", "dtRROy9F9do-00049-00032070-00032492": "Particles in the magnetosphere can be modelled, do you want to see how?", "dtRROy9F9do-00050-00032492-00032700": "I will show you, it is here in his poster", "dtRROy9F9do-00051-00032774-00033160": "- That's how they're modelled, right? - Yes", "dtRROy9F9do-00052-00033160-00033416": "What's the importance of studying the magnetosphere?", "dtRROy9F9do-00053-00033416-00033888": "It's importante because the solar wind, what the Sun emits, is variable, it is not a steady thing", "dtRROy9F9do-00054-00033888-00034324": "it sends us bunches of particles which come with their own magnetic field and a lot of energy", "dtRROy9F9do-00055-00034326-00034742": "get to the Earth, destroy satellites and they even affect electric systems", "dtRROy9F9do-00056-00035758-00036200": "For some reason, when one puts a camera in front of people, they get nervous.", "dtRROy9F9do-00057-00036270-00036756": "Here we have a group of Physics students who come to see this conference", "dtRROy9F9do-00058-00036756-00036904": "They start to move back", "dtRROy9F9do-00059-00036906-00037232": "It is interesting that it's a kind of a boutique conference", "dtRROy9F9do-00060-00037232-00038182": "in the sense that top physics scientists are invited to Chile, so that they can tell us about the new results", "dtRROy9F9do-00061-00038182-00038862": "And you were organizing this conference,  it's happening... how does it feel?", "dtRROy9F9do-00062-00038862-00039352": "Very good! It's really an achievement and I'm very happy", "dtRROy9F9do-00063-00039352-00039878": "Yes, because this is a conference which took a lot of time to organize, lots of logistic details", "dtRROy9F9do-00064-00039878-00040302": "lots of high level people here giving talks", "dtRROy9F9do-00065-00040302-00040800": "Thanks for inviting me to record this for YouTube, I hope you liked it, leave your comments", "dtRROy9F9do-00066-00040990-00041438": "This conference continues, there are some days left", "dtRROy9F9do-00067-00041440-00042024": "If you understood what's this conference is about, I'm satisfied", "dtRROy9F9do-00068-00042024-00042412": "I will stay at the conference, I'll try to get something to eat now"}}, {"audio_id": "du5PwVpfhig", "text": {}}, {"audio_id": "duH3ZP10k4k", "text": {"duH3ZP10k4k-00000-00000718-00001271": "So far, we haven’t found any explanation for irreversibility in the fundamental laws", "duH3ZP10k4k-00001-00001271-00001907": "of physics. But our analysis of the Stirling and Carnot cycles has led us to agree with", "duH3ZP10k4k-00002-00001907-00002577": "Clasius. For practical purposes, a process is irreversible if it increases the entropy", "duH3ZP10k4k-00003-00002577-00003236": "of the universe. No process is possible that lowers the entropy of the universe. And, adding", "duH3ZP10k4k-00004-00003236-00004246": "heat Q to a body at temperature T increases its entropy by delta-S equals Q over T.", "duH3ZP10k4k-00005-00004246-00004787": "The ideal monatomic gas is the model system we have used throughout this series for making", "duH3ZP10k4k-00006-00004787-00005516": "quantitative calculations. Let’s now try to use these ideas to figure out its entropy.", "duH3ZP10k4k-00007-00005516-00006271": "We denote by U the internal energy of the gas, Q is heat transferred to the gas from", "duH3ZP10k4k-00008-00006271-00006847": "the environment, and W is work done by the environment on the gas.", "duH3ZP10k4k-00009-00006847-00007673": "The gas satisfies the ideal gas law, pressure times volume equals number of atoms, times", "duH3ZP10k4k-00010-00007673-00008518": "Boltzmann’s constant times temperature. The internal energy is the heat capacity,", "duH3ZP10k4k-00011-00008518-00009381": "three-halves N k times the temperature T. And the First Law of Thermodynamics gives", "duH3ZP10k4k-00012-00009381-00010313": "us the relation, dU equals delta-Q plus delta-W. dU is a tiny change in the internal energy,", "duH3ZP10k4k-00013-00010313-00010897": "delta-Q is a tiny amount of added heat, and delta-W is a tiny amount of work done on the", "duH3ZP10k4k-00014-00010897-00011617": "gas. Work is done when an external force compresses", "duH3ZP10k4k-00015-00011617-00012397": "the gas. Consider a piston with cross sectional area A. If a force F pushes the piston through", "duH3ZP10k4k-00016-00012397-00013258": "a displacement dx. The change in gas volume is dV equals minus", "duH3ZP10k4k-00017-00013258-00014531": "A dx. And, the work done, delta W, is F dx. This equals F over A times A dx. F over A,", "duH3ZP10k4k-00018-00014531-00015843": "force per area, is pressure, and A dx equals minus dV. So delta W equals minus P dV.", "duH3ZP10k4k-00019-00015843-00016387": "Rewriting the first law as delta-Q equals dU minus delta W.", "duH3ZP10k4k-00020-00016387-00017516": "We can substitute three-halves N k dT for dU, and P dV for minus delta W.", "duH3ZP10k4k-00021-00017516-00018495": "Then from the ideal gas law, we can substitute N k T over V for P.", "duH3ZP10k4k-00022-00018495-00019532": "Then divide both sides of the equation by T. On the left we get delta-Q over T, which", "duH3ZP10k4k-00023-00019532-00020263": "is dS, the increase in the gas’s entropy. This is equal to, on the right, three-halves", "duH3ZP10k4k-00024-00020263-00021737": "N k dT over T plus N k dV over V. Factoring out a common N k, this leaves, dS", "duH3ZP10k4k-00025-00021737-00022690": "equals N k times the quantity, three-halves dT over T plus dV over V. An expression like", "duH3ZP10k4k-00026-00022690-00023420": "dV over V, the change in volume divided by the volume, is a dimensionless quantity representing", "duH3ZP10k4k-00027-00023420-00024319": "the fractional change in the volume. dS is the change in S. And, dV over V is the", "duH3ZP10k4k-00028-00024319-00024884": "change in the natural logarithm of V over V-0, where V-0 is an arbitrary constant volume.", "duH3ZP10k4k-00029-00024884-00025480": "Likewise, dT over T is the change in log T over T-0. And, we can always add a constant", "duH3ZP10k4k-00030-00025480-00026169": "S-0. This gives us the entropy S as a function of the temperature T and the volume V.", "duH3ZP10k4k-00031-00026169-00027366": "The log of 1 is zero, so when T equals T-0 and V equals V-0, S equals S-0. Therefore,", "duH3ZP10k4k-00032-00027366-00028058": "if we can determine the entropy S-0 at some temperature and volume T-0 and V-0, this expression", "duH3ZP10k4k-00033-00028058-00028743": "gives us the entropy of the gas for any other temperature and volume.", "duH3ZP10k4k-00034-00028743-00029376": "Using properties of logarithms, we can express this in the more compact form, S equals N", "duH3ZP10k4k-00035-00029376-00030270": "k natural log of the quantity T over T-0 to the three-halves power times V over V-0, plus", "duH3ZP10k4k-00036-00030270-00031071": "S-0. This is the absolute entropy of an ideal, monatomic gas of N atoms, at temperature T", "duH3ZP10k4k-00037-00031071-00031696": "and volume V. Note that since S is a function of T and V,", "duH3ZP10k4k-00038-00031696-00032344": "which are state variables, S is also a state variable. The entropy of a gas sample is a", "duH3ZP10k4k-00039-00032344-00033163": "function of only its current state, independent of the processes used to arrive at that state.", "duH3ZP10k4k-00040-00033163-00033725": "This expression is not yet of practical use, because we don’t know how to determine the", "duH3ZP10k4k-00041-00033725-00034684": "constant S-0. But we can put it in a form that is. Replace T-0, V-0, and S-0 with T-1,", "duH3ZP10k4k-00042-00034684-00035974": "V-1, and S-1. Move S-1 to the left side. And replace S, T, and V with S-2, T-2, and V-2.", "duH3ZP10k4k-00043-00035974-00037099": "Then we have S-2 minus S-1 equals N k log of the quantity, T-2 over T-1 to the three-halves,", "duH3ZP10k4k-00044-00037099-00037858": "times V-2 over V-1. This tells us what the change in entropy is in going from state 1,", "duH3ZP10k4k-00045-00037858-00038931": "with temperature T-1 and volume V-1, to state 2, with temperature T-2 and volume V-2.", "duH3ZP10k4k-00046-00038931-00039434": "In the next video, we’ll use the techniques of statistical mechanics to solve for the", "duH3ZP10k4k-00047-00039434-00040186": "absolute entropy of an ideal, monatomic gas. The result is called the Sackur-Tetrode equation.", "duH3ZP10k4k-00048-00040186-00041116": "However, in practical applications the simpler form we’ve derived here is often more useful.", "duH3ZP10k4k-00049-00041116-00041652": "Although we’ve expressed entropy as a function of temperature and volume, we can use the", "duH3ZP10k4k-00050-00041652-00042459": "ideal gas law to express a temperature ratio in terms of pressure and volume ratios. Substituting", "duH3ZP10k4k-00051-00042459-00043043": "this into our equation then gives us an alternate expression for the entropy as a function of", "duH3ZP10k4k-00052-00043043-00044038": "pressure and volume. A process is said to be isentropic is it occurs", "duH3ZP10k4k-00053-00044038-00044785": "at constant entropy. Our entropy expression is constant if T to", "duH3ZP10k4k-00054-00044785-00045765": "the three-halves times V is constant. Substituting P V for T gives us P to the three-halves", "duH3ZP10k4k-00055-00045765-00046665": "times V to the five-halves is constant. And, raising this to the two-thirds power,", "duH3ZP10k4k-00056-00046665-00047813": "we get P times V to the five-thirds is constant. So, on a P-V diagram, curves where P varies", "duH3ZP10k4k-00057-00047813-00048377": "as the inverse of V to the five-thirds are isentropic curves.", "duH3ZP10k4k-00058-00048377-00049122": "We’ve encountered these before. They are the curves of adiabatic expansion and compression,", "duH3ZP10k4k-00059-00049122-00049765": "such as in the Carnot cycle. It makes sense that they are isentropic, because adiabatic", "duH3ZP10k4k-00060-00049765-00050325": "processes involve no heat transfer, hence no change in entropy.", "duH3ZP10k4k-00061-00050325-00051276": "We have also discussed isothermal curves, for which P varies as the one over V. So,", "duH3ZP10k4k-00062-00051276-00051957": "we now have four state variables to describe the state of a gas sample of N atoms. Pressure", "duH3ZP10k4k-00063-00051957-00052823": "P, volume V, temperature T, and entropy S. Given any two of these variables we can calculate", "duH3ZP10k4k-00064-00052823-00053874": "the other two variables. Let’s simulation adiabatic, that is isentropic,", "duH3ZP10k4k-00065-00053874-00054512": "expansion and compression. We start with N atoms, at temperature T, confined to a volume", "duH3ZP10k4k-00066-00054512-00055269": "V. The volume is insulated. No heat flows to or from the gas.", "duH3ZP10k4k-00067-00055269-00055929": "As we allow the middle wall to move right, the volume clearly increases. Not as immediately", "duH3ZP10k4k-00068-00055929-00056602": "obvious, but still discernible, as atoms bounce off the moving wall, they slow down, reducing", "duH3ZP10k4k-00069-00056602-00057335": "the average kinetic energy, and therefore the gas temperature.", "duH3ZP10k4k-00070-00057335-00058288": "So, we could see the volume increasing and, with some effort, the temperature decreasing.", "duH3ZP10k4k-00071-00058288-00058985": "But, did you notice the entropy remaining constant? Well, what does that even look like?", "duH3ZP10k4k-00072-00058985-00059538": "Pressure varying as the inverse five-thirds power of volume? That’s a rather abstract", "duH3ZP10k4k-00073-00059538-00060015": "quantity. Which is one reason why entropy is a challenging concept.", "duH3ZP10k4k-00074-00060015-00060725": "You can measure volume with a ruler. Temperature with a thermometer. And pressure with a pressure", "duH3ZP10k4k-00075-00060725-00061407": "gauge. But you won’t find entropy gauges at your local hardware store.", "duH3ZP10k4k-00076-00061407-00062523": "Now, let’s compress the gas. The decrease in volume is obvious. The increase in temperature", "duH3ZP10k4k-00077-00062523-00063060": "is less obvious, but still apparent if you carefully watch atoms bouncing off the moving", "duH3ZP10k4k-00078-00063060-00063910": "wall. But constant entropy. It doesn’t exactly jump out at us.", "duH3ZP10k4k-00079-00063910-00064516": "After compression, we return to our original state with N atoms, at temperature T, confined", "duH3ZP10k4k-00080-00064516-00065307": "to a volume V. So the adiabatic expansion was reversible, through adiabatic compression.", "duH3ZP10k4k-00081-00065307-00066068": "Previously we considered the microscopic reversibility of all mechanical processes. If at some moment", "duH3ZP10k4k-00082-00066068-00066727": "we reverse the velocities of every atom, the entire system will retrace its evolution in", "duH3ZP10k4k-00083-00066727-00067259": "reverse. But, that is not what is happening here.", "duH3ZP10k4k-00084-00067259-00068036": "Atomic velocities are not reversing, as we go from expansion to compression. Indeed,", "duH3ZP10k4k-00085-00068036-00068592": "we have no mechanism to implement such precise and extensive changes.", "duH3ZP10k4k-00086-00068592-00069370": "Instead, all atomic states continue to evolve without sudden changes. All that is reversed", "duH3ZP10k4k-00087-00069370-00070256": "is the velocity of the movable wall. The reversal is macroscopic, not microscopic.", "duH3ZP10k4k-00088-00070256-00070826": "Although we return to the same macroscopic state, N atoms, at temperature T, in a volume", "duH3ZP10k4k-00089-00070826-00071406": "V. It is not true that every atom has returned", "duH3ZP10k4k-00090-00071406-00072348": "to its original position. The system has been reversed macroscopically, but not microscopically.", "duH3ZP10k4k-00091-00072348-00073273": "So, when we say that the Carnot cycle is reversible, and running the cycle in the forward and then", "duH3ZP10k4k-00092-00073273-00073872": "reverse directions returns the universe to it original state. We really should be more", "duH3ZP10k4k-00093-00073872-00074551": "precise and say, to its original macroscopic state. We do not return every atom in the", "duH3ZP10k4k-00094-00074551-00075251": "universe to its original state. For practical purposes, when designing heat", "duH3ZP10k4k-00095-00075251-00075879": "engines and heat pumps, this is the only kind of reversibility we care about. But, it’s", "duH3ZP10k4k-00096-00075879-00076485": "an important distinction. The reversibility we are referring to when we discuss the 2nd", "duH3ZP10k4k-00097-00076485-00077306": "Law is macroscopic reversibility. Microscopic reversibility, while a theoretical possibility,", "duH3ZP10k4k-00098-00077306-00077647": "is something we have no way of implementing in a large-scale system.", "duH3ZP10k4k-00099-00077647-00077954": "The Carnot cycle is reversible because the isothermal and adiabatic expansions and contractions", "duH3ZP10k4k-00100-00077954-00078488": "that comprise it are all macroscopically reversible. So heat flow from hot to cold is irreversible", "duH3ZP10k4k-00101-00078488-00079081": "because there are no macroscopic changes that will cause heat to spontaneously flow from", "duH3ZP10k4k-00102-00079081-00079638": "cold to hot. Even though it is, in theory, microscopically reversible."}}, {"audio_id": "duUVjAzrXK8", "text": {"duUVjAzrXK8-00000-00000103-00000403": "Let's use LMS Explorer with a Moodle test  installation", "duUVjAzrXK8-00001-00000906-00001406": "When open LMS Explorer you can see all  configured Moodle instance connections", "duUVjAzrXK8-00002-00001406-00002603": "In this case a real Moodle instance and a local  Moodle instance.", "duUVjAzrXK8-00003-00003000-00004206": "One powerful feature is to be able to connect to  several Moodle instances at the same time and  make searches in all of them at once", "duUVjAzrXK8-00004-00004603-00005800": "Imagine managing many Moodle installations  from one place!", "duUVjAzrXK8-00005-00005800-00006706": "You can click on course and watch all the users  and make your common tasks faster than doing  them from the browser", "duUVjAzrXK8-00006-00006706-00007500": "Locate all course users", "duUVjAzrXK8-00007-00007500-00008303": "Go to course edition", "duUVjAzrXK8-00008-00008300-00008800": "Users list", "duUVjAzrXK8-00009-00008800-00009700": "Select an user and locate them in the course  users list", "duUVjAzrXK8-00010-00009700-00010200": "Go to user profile", "duUVjAzrXK8-00011-00010506-00010906": "And edit user profile", "duUVjAzrXK8-00012-00011403-00011903": "All operations are read-only at this moment and  new features are being added"}}, {"audio_id": "duaURWUCCuE", "text": {"duaURWUCCuE-00000-00000000-00027900": "🌟 🇺🇸 Cat costume for girl — Shop GrandStart.ru 🌟"}}, {"audio_id": "dvdAcyJ12Ju", "text": {"dvdAcyJ12Ju-00000-00002703-00003153": "DDoch cannot join due to personal reason, because of that, micol only will be in the video for a while.", "dvdAcyJ12Ju-00001-00011293-00011390": "Who’s there..?", "dvdAcyJ12Ju-00002-00011550-00011650": "Who are you there..?", "dvdAcyJ12Ju-00003-00011883-00011976": "Hello? Can you tell me?", "dvdAcyJ12Ju-00004-00014160-00014273": "Don’t mess with me,", "dvdAcyJ12Ju-00005-00014443-00014570": "Don’t mess with me!", "dvdAcyJ12Ju-00006-00015210-00015460": "Focus on the umbrella!", "dvdAcyJ12Ju-00007-00020890-00020996": "Come on out,", "dvdAcyJ12Ju-00008-00021080-00021220": "I’m telling you.. right?", "dvdAcyJ12Ju-00009-00023843-00024493": "Micol suddenly getting upstair as if feeling something weird.", "dvdAcyJ12Ju-00010-00026633-00026723": "Huh? What the?", "dvdAcyJ12Ju-00011-00032013-00032100": "Where are you?", "dvdAcyJ12Ju-00012-00032136-00032386": "Focus on the dust bin!", "dvdAcyJ12Ju-00013-00033066-00033230": "Let them check! Not to misunderstand!", "dvdAcyJ12Ju-00014-00035820-00035906": "What the?", "dvdAcyJ12Ju-00015-00035990-00036080": "sound!", "dvdAcyJ12Ju-00016-00036723-00036846": "What a annoying..", "dvdAcyJ12Ju-00017-00037003-00037246": "It didn’t over 30minutes yet!", "dvdAcyJ12Ju-00018-00040170-00040276": "Come on out, if you’re human.", "dvdAcyJ12Ju-00019-00040610-00040693": "Come on out.", "dvdAcyJ12Ju-00020-00046343-00046593": "Focus on the fan!", "dvdAcyJ12Ju-00021-00046823-00046900": "There is..", "dvdAcyJ12Ju-00022-00052163-00052806": "Slight sound of television? radio? Sound?", "dvdAcyJ12Ju-00023-00053796-00053876": "human..?!", "dvdAcyJ12Ju-00024-00056006-00056093": "Hang on.", "dvdAcyJ12Ju-00025-00064873-00064976": "Hey~ don’t be mad at~", "dvdAcyJ12Ju-00026-00065753-00065853": "Don’t mad at me..", "dvdAcyJ12Ju-00027-00066973-00067076": "Please.. do not be mad..", "dvdAcyJ12Ju-00028-00072226-00072376": "Say anything you have…", "dvdAcyJ12Ju-00029-00073486-00073686": "What did I do?", "dvdAcyJ12Ju-00030-00073700-00073856": "What did I do before..?", "dvdAcyJ12Ju-00031-00074570-00074776": "Tour..bus...", "dvdAcyJ12Ju-00032-00074786-00074866": "bus..?", "dvdAcyJ12Ju-00033-00075066-00075463": "Tour bus with my friends…", "dvdAcyJ12Ju-00034-00075503-00075606": "Tour bus..?", "dvdAcyJ12Ju-00035-00076096-00076416": "I was having fun with friends and came back to....", "dvdAcyJ12Ju-00036-00077520-00077843": "You what? Having a fun? By bus? By car?", "dvdAcyJ12Ju-00037-00077936-00078120": "Like a tour bus.. tour~", "dvdAcyJ12Ju-00038-00078333-00078406": "so?", "dvdAcyJ12Ju-00039-00079870-00080110": "boohoo..(sobering)..", "dvdAcyJ12Ju-00040-00080303-00080420": "Don’t cry.., calm down first.", "dvdAcyJ12Ju-00041-00080583-00080843": "I really miss my kids..", "dvdAcyJ12Ju-00042-00080896-00081156": "You miss you kid? Oh, you married?", "dvdAcyJ12Ju-00043-00081196-00081480": "So you waiting for you kids? But they won’t come...", "dvdAcyJ12Ju-00044-00081673-00081883": "They live..", "dvdAcyJ12Ju-00045-00082016-00082113": "Let’s live?", "dvdAcyJ12Ju-00046-00082280-00082373": "What? For living?", "dvdAcyJ12Ju-00047-00082593-00082953": "You was going to somewhere for trip.. I think.", "dvdAcyJ12Ju-00048-00083093-00083356": "And had an accident by bus.. with other people.", "dvdAcyJ12Ju-00049-00084060-00084213": "How long have you died since then?", "dvdAcyJ12Ju-00050-00084736-00084876": "Ah… it’s gone.", "dvdAcyJ12Ju-00051-00085380-00085490": "Wait. Guys..", "dvdAcyJ12Ju-00052-00085666-00085886": "It’s gone. While we talking…", "dvdAcyJ12Ju-00053-00086020-00086253": "Wow.. guys. But I came here so many times.", "dvdAcyJ12Ju-00054-00086280-00086636": "But I did good job I think. Cause I made my goal.", "dvdAcyJ12Ju-00055-00086730-00086986": "I overcame so many teasing and messing from..", "dvdAcyJ12Ju-00056-00087080-00087406": "Other ghost.. and today. Finally.", "dvdAcyJ12Ju-00057-00087476-00087743": "I really had a good job today. It was so good to come here.", "dvdAcyJ12Ju-00058-00087806-00087986": "It’s not a lie.. ah!", "dvdAcyJ12Ju-00059-00088253-00088336": "You came?", "dvdAcyJ12Ju-00060-00088466-00088696": "This is not like spirit.. it’s like a sound.. hold on! Are you there?", "dvdAcyJ12Ju-00061-00088873-00088963": "Are you there?", "dvdAcyJ12Ju-00062-00089960-00090046": "Are you there?", "dvdAcyJ12Ju-00063-00091563-00091713": "I think I’m right that…", "dvdAcyJ12Ju-00064-00092030-00092240": "What the? there’s nothing I did wrong..", "dvdAcyJ12Ju-00065-00092260-00092360": "Bump!!", "dvdAcyJ12Ju-00066-00092616-00092696": "Who is that?!", "dvdAcyJ12Ju-00067-00094016-00094136": "You’re going to do this?", "dvdAcyJ12Ju-00068-00095183-00095300": "Ha? You’re gonna do like this?", "dvdAcyJ12Ju-00069-00098593-00098693": "What the..!", "dvdAcyJ12Ju-00070-00099373-00099470": "Don’t do that!", "dvdAcyJ12Ju-00071-00099510-00099850": "Ahahahahah~!!", "dvdAcyJ12Ju-00072-00100023-00100220": "Who’s that? Are you kidding me right now?", "dvdAcyJ12Ju-00073-00101853-00101946": "Come on out,", "dvdAcyJ12Ju-00074-00105040-00105136": "Hey… you’re?", "dvdAcyJ12Ju-00075-00105190-00105440": "Focus on the umbrella!", "dvdAcyJ12Ju-00076-00106923-00107036": "I think this is a lie..", "dvdAcyJ12Ju-00077-00107176-00107666": "I think they cheated on me… 2,200 people cheated on by ghost.", "dvdAcyJ12Ju-00078-00107780-00108086": "Right? Almost 2,200 people…", "dvdAcyJ12Ju-00079-00108156-00108280": "I nearly f***** it…", "dvdAcyJ12Ju-00080-00108713-00108876": "Do you think I still keep calm", "dvdAcyJ12Ju-00081-00108956-00109223": "Even though you insulted me?", "dvdAcyJ12Ju-00082-00109783-00110176": "I will leave for today.", "dvdAcyJ12Ju-00083-00110213-00110300": "But!", "dvdAcyJ12Ju-00084-00110503-00110780": "I will never ever let you go next time."}}, {"audio_id": "dv5aehOQlxM", "text": {}}, {"audio_id": "dvhij-isZHy", "text": {"dvhij-isZHy-00000-00000090-00004166": "jersey club type beat,free jersey club type beat,jersey club type beat free,jersey club", "dvhij-isZHy-00001-00004166-00008850": "type beat 2022,jersey club type beat 2023,jersey type beat,jersey club beat,jersey club beats,jersey", "dvhij-isZHy-00002-00008850-00010521": "beat,type beat jersey club,bandmanrill type beat,bandmanrill type beat 2023,lil uzi vert", "dvhij-isZHy-00003-00010521-00014251": "type beat,free lil uzi vert type beat,lil uzi vert type beat 2023,2rare type beat,2rare", "dvhij-isZHy-00004-00014251-00016122": "type  beat 2023,playboi carti type beat,playboi", "dvhij-isZHy-00005-00016122-00016911": "carti type beat 2023,alexx melo,type beat"}}, {"audio_id": "dvz0C9S7PpM", "text": {"dvz0C9S7PpM-00000-00002391-00003091": "We are considering stability of various methods. So, single step methods such as euler's method", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00001-00003342-00004042": "or runge kutta method will not have any problem about stability ,because when we consider", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00002-00004362-00005062": "an approximate method initial value problem is a differential equation of order one.", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00003-00005115-00005815": "So, that differential equation you replace by difference equation. So, in case of single", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00004-00005926-00006626": "step methods you replace differential equation of first order by difference equation of the", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00005-00006711-00007411": "first order. Whereas for multi step method such as say", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00006-00007489-00008189": "midpoint method, your differential equation of order 1 is replaced by difference equation", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00007-00008497-00009197": "of order two. So, then the difference equation will have two solutions and this creates some", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00008-00009772-00010194": "problem. So, we are going we are studying those things", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00009-00010194-00010894": "So, as a representative case we are looking at the initial value problem, y dash is equal", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00010-00010895-00011595": "to lambda y with y of 0 is equal to 1. So, we know its exact solution the exact solution", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00011-00011670-00012356": "is going to be e raise to lambda x for this particular differential equation we want to", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00012-00012356-00013056": "see what happens when you apply say euler's method runge kutta method or midpoint method.", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00013-00013306-00014006": "So, y dash is equal to lambda y y at 0 is equal to 1. Let us look at solution over interval", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00014-00014195-00014895": "0 to b the interval 0 to b will be subdivided into N equal parts. So, h is going to be equal", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00015-00015113-00015741": "to b by n. X n point is going to be equal to n h because", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00016-00015741-00016441": "our x 0 is equal to 0 in the euler's method we have got y n plus 1 is equal to y n plus", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00017-00016613-00017313": "h times f of x n y n our f x y is lambda times y.", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00018-00017328-00018028": "So, that is why you have y n plus h lambda y n. So, that means, it is equal to 1 plus", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00019-00018175-00018875": "h lambda y n now replacing y n by 1 plus h lambda y n minus 1 and so, on you get y n", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00020-00019176-00019729": "plus 1 is equal to 1 plus h lambda raise to n plus 1.", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00021-00019729-00020329": "So, this is what I was talking that y dash is equal to lambda y it is a differential", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00022-00020329-00021029": "equation of first order here you have got y n plus 1 is equal to 1 plus h lambda y n.", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00023-00021048-00021516": "So, again it is a difference equation of first order.", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00024-00021516-00022044": "Now, look at the runge kutta method", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00025-00022044-00022744": "in the runge kutta method y n plus 1 is given by y n plus k 1 plus k 2 by 2 where k 1 is", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00026-00022920-00023620": "nothing, but h times f of x n y n k 2 is h times f of x n plus h y n plus k 1 function", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00027-00023899-00024599": "f x y is lambda y. So, that is why k 1 becomes h times lambda y n.", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00028-00024638-00025338": "And k 2 will be h then lambda times y n plus k 1, but y n k 1 is h lambda y n. So, that", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00029-00025728-00026428": "is why k 2 becomes h lambda into 1 plus h lambda y n substitute in this formula. So,", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00030-00026668-00027368": "we have got y n plus 1 is equal to y n plus h lambda y n plus h square lambda square by", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00031-00027522-00028068": "2 y n. So, again it is a difference equation of first", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00032-00028068-00028768": "order y n plus 1 is going to be equal to 1 plus h lambda plus h square lambda square", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00033-00028776-00029476": "by 2 into y n and the solution will be given by this.", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00034-00029582-00030282": "Now let us look at the difference or let us look at the error So, in order to find a error", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00035-00030512-00031212": "we look at expansion of e raise to x. So, e raise to x function equal to 1 plus x plus", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00036-00031380-00032080": "x square by 2 plus x cube by three factorial and so on. Hence I can say that e raise to", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00037-00032273-00032973": "x is equal to 1 plus x plus terms of higher order; that means, terms of the order of x", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00038-00033201-00033901": "square ,if I written three terms then e raise to x will be 1 plus x plus x square by 2 plus", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00039-00034113-00034813": "terms of the order of x cube. So, when we want to compare the exact solution", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00040-00035015-00035715": "with the approximation which we have obtained by using euler's method we are going to retain", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00041-00035787-00036487": "2 terms e raise to x is equal to 1 plus x .When we want to compare the error in the", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00042-00036552-00037252": "runge kutta method, we will keep three terms. So, we have e raise to x is equal to 1 plus", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00043-00037457-00038157": "x plus higher order terms. So, that gives you e raise to n x will be equal to 1 plus", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00044-00038237-00038937": "x raise to n and then again terms of the order of x square. So, this is what one uses and", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00045-00039093-00039793": "gets e raise to n x is 1 plus x raise to n plus term of the order of x square.", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00046-00039956-00040656": "E raise to put x is equal to n h a or put x is equal to h lambda. So, you are going", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00047-00041012-00041712": "to have e raise to n h lambda is equal to 1 plus h lambda raise to n plus term of the", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00048-00041793-00042493": "order of h square lambda square this 1 plus h lambda raise to n that is the approximation", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00049-00042691-00043391": "in the Eulers method. So, that is our y n our x n is n h. So, e", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00050-00043605-00044305": "raise to n h lambda because thus exact solution is e raise to lambda h this is nothing, but", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00051-00044327-00045027": "y at x n. So, we have y at x n minus y n is equal to term of the order of x square lambda", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00052-00045424-00045996": "square. So, this is consistent with what we have been", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00053-00045996-00046696": "saying that the local discretization error in euler's method is going to be h square", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00054-00046938-00047627": "in runge kutta method of order two ,the local discretization error will be of the order", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00055-00047627-00048327": "of h cube. So, now let us look at the error in the runge", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00056-00048328-00048483": "kutta method.", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00057-00048483-00049183": "So, in case of runge kutta method you have got y n to be 1 plus h lambda plus h square", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00058-00049422-00049993": "lambda square by 2 whole thing raise to n that is what we obtained", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00059-00049993-00050624": "y n plus 1 is equal to 1 plus h lambda plus h square lambda square by 2 raise to n plus", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00060-00050624-00051324": "1. So, if I consider y n then it is going to be nth power of this bracket So, thus this", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00061-00051670-00051816": "is going to be your", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00062-00051816-00052516": "y n e raise to n h lambda as before it is going to be y at x n. So, y x n minus y n", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00063-00052716-00053416": "is of the order of h cube lambda cube. So, truncation error to be of the order of", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00064-00053552-00054244": "h cube as one expect. So, these are the single step methods", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00065-00054244-00054944": "And now let us look at the midpoint method we are looking at this initial value problem", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00066-00055045-00055745": "the midpoint method is y n plus 1 is equal to y n minus 1 plus 2 h f of x n y n.", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00067-00055842-00056542": "Very much similar to the euler's method where instead of y n we have got y n minus 1 and", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00068-00056674-00057374": "instead of h f of x n y n ,we are saying 2 h f of x n y n ,and last time we saw that", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00069-00057642-00058331": "the local discretization error is h cube. So, in the case of euler's method it is h", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00070-00058331-00059031": "square for midpoint method it is h cube. But as we will see that there are some problems", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00071-00059200-00059766": "with this method. Now, look at this formula. So, you have got", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00072-00059766-00060466": "y n plus 1 is equal to y n minus 1 plus 2 h lambda y n if I take it on the other side", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00073-00060602-00061302": "you have got y n plus 1 minus 2 h lambda y n minus y n minus 1 is equal to 0.", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00074-00061345-00062045": "So, this is a difference equation and in the difference equation y n plus 1 is in terms", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00075-00062272-00062972": "of y n and y n minus 1. So, this is differential equation of first order this is difference", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00076-00063035-00063735": "equation of the second order in order to determine the solution of this uniquely you will need", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00077-00063944-00064564": "two conditions like in the case of differential equation.", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00078-00064564-00065264": "If you have got differential equation of first order then the unique solution is determined", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00079-00065307-00065957": "by one condition. If you have got differential equation of second order, then you need 2", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00080-00065957-00066527": "conditions .These two conditions they can be initial conditions or they can be boundary", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00081-00066527-00067227": "conditions. So, now, we have got a difference equation of second order. So, we will need", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00082-00067289-00067768": "two conditions 1 condition is going to be y 0 is equal to 1.", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00083-00067768-00068468": "The same as in the case of initial value problem now, here we need to supply 1 more condition", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00084-00068805-00069505": "now since in this initial value problem. We know the exact solution the exact solution", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00085-00069731-00070431": "is e arise to lambda h. What is y 1 y 1 is approximation to y at x", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00086-00070592-00071292": "1 our interval is 0 to b we are subdividing it into n equal parts. So, our x 0 is 0 x", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00087-00071767-00072467": "1 is going to be equal to h . So, then y 1 which is approximation to y at x 1 that is", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00088-00072638-00073075": "going to be we are we will supplied to be e raise to lambda h.", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00089-00073075-00073775": "So, now let us find solution of this difference equation with two conditions y 0 to be equal", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00090-00074154-00074806": "to 1 and y at 1 to be equal to e raise to lambda h.", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00091-00074806-00075506": "Now, the solution if the difference equation assume that it is of the form r raise to n", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00092-00075638-00076338": "where r is to be determined then y n plus 1 will be r raise to n plus 1 minus 2 h lambda", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00093-00076805-00077505": "y n is r raise to n minus y n minus 1 ,which is r raise to n minus 1 this will be equal", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00094-00077693-00078393": "to 0. This will imply that r square minus 2 h lambda", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00095-00078437-00079137": "here that should be r minus 1 ,is equal to 0. So, it is a quadratic equation r square", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00096-00079386-00080086": "minus 2 h lambda r minus 1 is equal to 0 and our y n is r raise to n.", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00097-00080369-00081042": "So, the solution the roots of this quadratic equation they are given by r 1 is equal to", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00098-00081042-00081742": "2 h lambda plus square root of 4 h square lambda square plus 4 divided by 2 which is", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00099-00082281-00082818": "nothing, but h lambda plus square root of 1 plus h square lambda square.", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00100-00082818-00083518": "The second root will be given by h lambda minus square root of 1 plus h square lambda", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00101-00083562-00084262": "square general solution y n is given by beta 1 r 1 raise to n plus beta 2 r 2 raise to", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00102-00084511-00085211": "n beta 1 and beta 2 they will be determined by the conditions y 0 is equal to 1 y 1 is", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00103-00085341-00086041": "equal to e raise to h lambda. So, thus in case of midpoint method the solution", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00104-00086422-00087122": "is given by y n is equal to beta 1 r 1 raise to n plus beta 2 r 2 raise to n out of which", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00105-00087344-00088044": "1 part beta 1 r 1 raise to n is going to correspond to our exact solution.", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00106-00088335-00089035": "Our y n is approximation to y at x n y is the exact solution the solution of our difference", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00107-00089427-00090127": "equation is given by beta 1 r 1 raise to n plus beta 2 r 2 raise to none part corresponds", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00108-00090398-00091086": "to the exact solution other part is extraneous solution.", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00109-00091086-00091786": "It appears because you're replacing differential equation of first order by difference equation", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00110-00091869-00092569": "of the second order. So, this extraneous solution this is this is what causes the problem like", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00111-00092975-00093492": "depending on the value of lambda it can dominate the exact solution.", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00112-00093492-00094067": "Now, how this happens let us look at it in more detail.", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00113-00094067-00094767": "So, we have y n is equal to beta 1 r 1 raise to n plus beta 2 r 2 raise to n y 0 is equal", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00114-00094999-00095699": "to 1 y 1 is equal to e raise to h lambda. We have seen that r 1 the first root is given", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00115-00095935-00096635": "by h lambda plus square root of 1 plus h square lambda square and this is the second root", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00116-00096682-00097382": "y 0 is equal to 1 put n is equal to 0. So, this will become beta 1 plus beta 2 is equal", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00117-00097608-00098148": "to 1. Then put n is equal to 1. So, y 1; that means,", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00118-00098148-00098848": "beta 1 r 1 plus beta 2 r 2 will be equal to y 1. So, the constants beta 1 and beta 2 ,they", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00119-00099163-00099863": "are determined by these 2 conditions. So, the first condition tells us that beta 2 is", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00120-00100007-00100707": "going to be equal to 1 minus beta 1. The second equation tells us when I substitute", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00121-00100747-00101447": "for beta 2 I will get beta 1 into r 1 minus r 2 plus r 2 is equal to y 1 ,that gives us", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00122-00101770-00102470": "beta 1 is equal to y 1 take r 2 on the other side y 1 minus r 2 and divide by r 1 minus", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00123-00102743-00103410": "r 2. But look at here r 1 is h lambda plus square", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00124-00103410-00104110": "root of 1 h square lambda square r 2 is h lambda minus square root of 1 plus h square", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00125-00104234-00104934": "lambda square. So, when I consider r 1 minus r 2 h lambda will get cancelled and your left", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00126-00104982-00105501": "with 2 into square root of 1 plus h square lambda square.", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00127-00105501-00106201": "Now, as h tends to 0. So, when h tends to 0 what it going to happen is y 1 is e raise", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00128-00106575-00107275": "to h lambda. So, when h tends to 0 e arise to 0 will tend to 1 then r 2 this part will", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00129-00107800-00108500": "tend to 0 this part will tend to minus 1. And hence when I consider y 1 minus r 2 that", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00130-00108865-00109565": "is going to converge to , in the denominator you have got term 2 into square root of h", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00131-00109740-00110145": "square lambda square. So, that will tend to 2.", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00132-00110145-00110845": "So, which is why beta 1 will tend to 1 as h tends to 0 and beta 2 will tend to 0.", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00133-00110943-00111643": "So, our y n which consists of 2 parts the part beta 1 r 1 raise to n that corresponds", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00134-00112334-00112857": "to our exact solution and this is something extra.", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00135-00112857-00113557": "Now, let us look at this in more carefully .What is our r 1 r 1 is h lambda plus square", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00136-00113857-00114557": "root of 1 plus h square lambda square, as we did in case of e raise to x we can do for", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00137-00114706-00115406": "f x is equal to root of 1 plus x its derivative is given by 1 upon 2 square root of 1 plus", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00138-00115501-00116201": "x. So, f x is equal to 1 f of 0 plus x times", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00139-00116356-00117056": "f dash c. So, what I am interested is saying that square root of 1 plus x is 1 plus terms", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00140-00117269-00117969": "of the order of x, then our r 1 r 1 will be h lambda plus square root of 1 plus h square", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00141-00118250-00118932": "lambda square. So, this I can say that this is equal to 1 plus terms of the order of h", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00142-00118932-00119108": "square lambda square.", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00143-00119108-00119808": "So, r 1 is equal to h lambda plus square root of 1 plus h square lambda square. So, that", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00144-00119954-00120654": "is h lambda plus 1 plus higher order terms for r 2 ,the second root we have h lambda", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00145-00121129-00121549": "minus square root of 1 plus h square lambda square.", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00146-00121549-00122249": "So, using similar argument you will get this to be equal to h lambda minus 1 plus higher", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00147-00122324-00123024": "order terms. Now r 1 raise to n that is 1 plus h lambda raise to n plus higher order", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00148-00123463-00124163": "terms r 2 raise to n will be minus 1 raise to n 1 minus h lambda raise to n plus the", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00149-00124511-00125185": "higher order terms. So, now our solution is beta 1 r 1 raise to", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00150-00125185-00125885": "n plus beta 2 r 2 raise to n. So, let us substitute in that we are trying to look at what our", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00151-00126168-00126830": "y n looks like. When we considered euler's method or runge", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00152-00126830-00127530": "kutta method things where is here, we got a formula for y n plus 1 in terms of y n ,then", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00153-00127697-00128126": "the same formula tells us the relation between y n and y n minus 1.", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00154-00128126-00128793": "So, like that we could go up to y 0 y 0 is equal to 1 that is given to us. So, that is", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00155-00128793-00129493": "how in case of euler's method ,we got y n to be equal to 1 plus h lambda raise to n.", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00156-00129668-00130368": "Similar was the case with runge kutta method what the midpoint method we have to solve", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00157-00130635-00131336": "a quadratic equation get its roots ,and then our solution is y n is equal to beta 1 r 1", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00158-00131566-00132266": "raise to n plus beta 2 r 2 raise to n. Now this r 1 raise to n and r 2 raise to n.", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00159-00132486-00133186": "We have shown that r 1 raise to n will be 1 plus h lambda raise to n plus higher order", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00160-00133211-00133911": "terms our exact solution is e raise to lambda x. So, when I consider y at x n y is the exact", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00161-00134480-00135180": "solution x n is going to be n times h. So, y at x n is e raise to lambda n h. So, as", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00162-00135770-00136470": "we compared in case of euler's method or runge kutta method y at x n minus y n ,we want to", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00163-00136530-00137230": "do similar thing here. So, that is why r 1 raise to n we write as 1 plus h lambda raise", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00164-00137397-00137974": "to n. So, then 1 can compare e raise to lambda n", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00165-00137974-00138674": "h and 1 plus h lambda raise to n. So, that is the idea. So, we have", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00166-00138787-00139487": "y n to be beta 1 r 1 raise to n plus beta 2 r 2 raise to n r 1 raise to n is 1 plus", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00167-00139663-00140363": "h lambda raise to n plus terms of the order of h square lambda square for r 2 raise to", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00168-00140464-00141039": "n we have got minus 1 raise to n and 1 minus h lambda raise to n.", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00169-00141039-00141739": "This 1 plus h lambda raise to n will be equal to e raise to n h lambda, plus terms of the", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00170-00141839-00142539": "order of h square lambda square. Similarly here you will get e raise to minus n h lambda", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00171-00142633-00143333": "and thus our y n is equal to beta 1 e raise to lambda x n.", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00172-00143364-00144064": "Plus beta 2 minus 1 raise to n e raise to minus lambda x n plus terms of the higher", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00173-00144380-00144562": "order. So, we have", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00174-00144562-00145262": "This is our initial value problem ,this is the exact solution .y x is equal to e raise", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00175-00145428-00146128": "to lambda x y n is approximation to y at x n. So, y at x n is going to be equal to e", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00176-00146391-00147091": "raise to lambda x n. So, this presence of this term is normal y", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00177-00147211-00147911": "n is approximation e raise to lambda x n is the exact solution you have got this error", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00178-00147939-00148639": "h square lambda square, but this term beta 2 minus 1 raise to n e raise to minus lambda", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00179-00148994-00149694": "x n .Now if 1 is doing exact calculations then the initial value from our initial values", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00180-00150090-00150790": "they take care like you have got two terms, but the coefficient of the term which is extra", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00181-00150994-00151694": "which should not be there. Its coefficient tends to 0 as h tends to zero.", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00182-00151727-00152427": "So, when h is small enough, the second term should not matter, because we have got beta", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00183-00152599-00153245": "1 e raise to lambda x n plus beta 2 e raise to minus lambda x n.", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00184-00153245-00153945": "Plus term which is of the order of h square lambda square ,we have shown that beta 1 will", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00185-00154240-00154940": "tend to 1 as h tends to 0 the term order of x square lambda square as h tends to 0 that", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00186-00155170-00155870": "term also will tend to 0. The second term is beta 2 e raise to minus", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00187-00155889-00156589": "lambda x n of which the coefficient beta 2 is tending to 0. So, the exact computations", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00188-00157086-00157786": "will not cause any problem, but we do the computations in finite precision. So, that", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00189-00158034-00158734": "is why there are going to be round off error and when you look at the term beta 2 e raise", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00190-00158812-00159512": "to minus lambda x n. Suppose your lambda is less than 0 we are", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00191-00159595-00160295": "looking at y dash is equal to lambda y. So, if lambda is less than 0 e raise to minus", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00192-00160624-00161324": "lambda x n that becomes significant. So, we have", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00193-00161382-00162082": "y n is equal to beta 1 e raise to lambda x n plus beta 2 minus 1 raise to n e raise to", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00194-00162136-00162836": "minus lambda x n which is extraneous solution. And the terms of the higher order ,if lambda", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00195-00162914-00163614": "is less than 0 e raise to minus lambda x n will increase you are going away from 0 ,you", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00196-00163935-00164635": "are looking at the interval 0 to b. So, this term will increase exponentially our beta", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00197-00164747-00165447": "2, because of the round off error it will not tend to 0. So, this term will start dominating", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00198-00165775-00166475": "this term our approximate solution consist of 2 parts. So, this is the part which corresponds", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00199-00166701-00167401": "to the exact solution, but if lambda is less than 0 then this solution becomes dominant", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00200-00167610-00168310": "which is corresponding to the error. And you will get the error to be increasing", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00201-00168590-00169290": "Last time we looked at specific example. It was y dash is equal to minus 2 y plus 1 and", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00202-00169417-00170117": "there I have shown you the numerical results where the euler's method ,if you applied to", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00203-00170433-00171133": "that particular example the error goes on decreasing whereas, in the case of midpoint", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00204-00171278-00171978": "method the error instead of decreasing, it went on increasing ,we had looked at the interval", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00205-00172061-00172711": "to be 0 to four. So, this is the problem with the midpoint", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00206-00172711-00173411": "method to the same problem whether lambda is less than 0 or lambda greater than 0 ,euler's", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00207-00173530-00174013": "method runge kutta method there will not be any such problem .", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00208-00174013-00174713": "So, that is why if your lambda is bigger than 0, then you should use midpoint method because", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00209-00174986-00175686": "then in that case even though you have a extraneous solution ,beta 2 e raise to minus lambda x", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00210-00175828-00176528": "n your beta 2 ,whether it tends to 0 or not e raise to lambda x n with lambda bigger than", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00211-00176613-00177268": "0 that will become smaller and smaller. And then it would not have it would not affect", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00212-00177268-00177968": "our true solution, now I want to consider or I want to rather state results for the", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00213-00178110-00178810": "adams bashforth method and then we will go to boundary value problem.", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00214-00178860-00179560": "So, in case of adams bashforth method again it is a multi step formula. So, let us look", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00215-00179609-00179786": "at the formula.", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00216-00179786-00180486": "So, we have y n plus 1 is equal to y n, plus h by 2455 g n minus 59g n, minus 1 plus 37g", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00217-00181054-00181754": "n minus 2 ,minus 9g n minus 3,where g n is value of g at x n.", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00218-00182063-00182763": "G is our function f x y. So, it is f x n y n. So, here we have got a formula for y n", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00219-00182929-00183629": "plus 1 in terms of y n then y n minus 1 y n minus 2 y n minus3. So, this is going to", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00220-00183804-00184504": "be or if we if you consider y dash is equal to lambda y you will get a difference equation", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00221-00184594-00185069": "of order 4. In case of midpoint method we had difference", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00222-00185069-00185688": "equation of order 2. So, we got a solution of that i beta 1 r 1 raise to n plus beta", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00223-00185688-00186388": "2 raise to n ,in this case it is going to be difference equation of order 4.", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00224-00186414-00187114": "So, that is why our solution will be of this type beta 1 r 1 raise to n plus beta 2 r 2", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00225-00187302-00188002": "raise to n plus beta 3r 3 raise to n plus beta 4r 4 ,raise to n of which 1 corresponds", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00226-00188267-00188967": "to the true solution. All the three remaining terms, they are extraneous", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00227-00188995-00189695": "they should not be there, but in this case what happens is what 1 can show is modulus", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00228-00189730-00190430": "of r 2 modulus of r 3and modulus of r 4 ,they are less than 1 for h small enough and then", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00229-00190735-00191435": "because they are less than 1 their effect will go on diminishing ,when you increase", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00230-00191441-00192141": "n and it they would not affect our true solution. So, the adams bashforth method that is going", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00231-00192217-00192917": "to be stable for this y dash is equal to lambda y y at 0 is equal to one. So now, this completes", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00232-00193272-00193972": "our study of initial value problem now we want to consider a boundary value problem.", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00233-00194290-00194990": "So, as the name suggest the boundary value problem will be the conditions ,will be given", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00234-00195176-00195876": "at the 2 end points of the intervals or at the boundary. So, we are going to look at", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00235-00195939-00196582": "second order differential equation with 2 boundary conditions given now what I am going", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00236-00196582-00197282": "to do is just describe what is the finite difference method. So, it is a classical method.", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00237-00197604-00198304": "So, we will describe the finite difference method and then that will complete our solution", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00238-00198555-00199255": "of approximate solution of differential equation there are other methods for solving the boundary", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00239-00199272-00199800": "value problems. Which we will not be considering. So, we have", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00240-00199800-00199862": "got", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00241-00199862-00200562": "this is our boundary value problem y double dash x plus f x y dash x plus g x y x is equal", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00242-00200992-00201692": "to r x for x belonging to interval a b. You need to have two conditions. So, the conditions", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00243-00201884-00202584": "are y a is equal to alpha y b is equal to beta y dash is d y by d x y double dash is", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00244-00202852-00203532": "second derivative, d 2 y by d x square, our assumption is the coefficient functions f", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00245-00203532-00204232": "and g and the right hand side r ,these are going to be continuous functions on interval", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00246-00204288-00204901": "a to b. So, this is second order boundary value problem", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00247-00204901-00205601": ",we can have forth order boundary value problem ,which can have the forth derivative or the", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00248-00205844-00206544": "derivatives up to order four appearing and then the boundary conditions they will involve", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00249-00206686-00207386": "not only the function values, but may be also the derivative values or their combination.", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00250-00207437-00208137": "So, now here is our boundary value problem where the derivatives they are appear once", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00251-00208374-00209074": "again our aim will be to find approximation to the exact solution y at finite number of", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00252-00209317-00209706": "points. As we have done before we will divide our", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00253-00209706-00210406": "interval a b into n equal parts and our aim is to find approximation at these n plus 1", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00254-00210746-00211323": "discrete points. So, we have this is a uniform partition", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00255-00211323-00212023": "of interval a b h is the length of sub interval b minus a by n and interior mesh points , they", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00256-00212366-00213066": "are given by x n is equal to x 0 plus n h. N is equal to 1 to up to n minus 1 when n", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00257-00213446-00214146": "is equal to 0 it is x 0 is equal to a the end point when n is equal to capital N then", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00258-00214221-00214921": "it is going to be the right end point b The value of our function y is given at a", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00259-00215103-00215704": "and at b. So, those values they are known. So, our aim will be to find approximation", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00260-00215704-00216327": "to y at x n at these interior mesh points", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00261-00216327-00217027": "Now this is satisfied for every x belonging to a b. So, in particular it will be satisfied", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00262-00217271-00217971": "at x n. So, we have got y double dash x n plus f of x n y dash x n plus g x n y x n", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00263-00218294-00218994": "is equal to r x n. N is equal to 1 to up to minus 1, I do not", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00264-00219025-00219725": "write for the end points because we already know what is y at x 0 and y at x n. So, now,", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00265-00220017-00220717": "the idea in the finite difference method is this y dash x n and y double dash x n these", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00266-00220882-00221582": "are the derivative values. So, you replace these derivative values by finite difference", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00267-00221801-00222501": "we have considered numerical differentiation. So, if you have got a function f its derivative", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00268-00222749-00223449": "at a. So, we looked at the forward difference formula that is f dash a is approximately", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00269-00223685-00224385": "equal to f of a plus h minus f a divided by h or more symmetric formula ,will be f dash", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00270-00224666-00225366": "a to be approximately equal to f of a plus h minus f a f of a minus h divided by 2 a.", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00271-00225517-00226217": "So, you choose a point a plus h a minus h and then look at the values there take the", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00272-00226352-00227052": "difference and divided by 2 h .Now the advantage is in that case, the error was of the order", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00273-00227119-00227819": "of h square ,where as you get error to be of the better order if you consider central", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00274-00227966-00228666": "difference formula .Same thing is true for the second derivative f double dash a ,will", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00275-00228756-00229456": "be approximately equal to f of a plus h minus 2 of f of a plus f of a minus h divided by", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00276-00229735-00230435": "h square. So, what we are going to do is this y dash at x n and y double dash at x n.", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00277-00230578-00231278": "We will replace the values by central difference formula and that is going to give us a tri-diagonal", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00278-00231476-00232176": "system. So, our unknown is going to be y n which is approximation to y at x n. So, here", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00279-00232471-00232756": "is our equation.", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00280-00232756-00233456": "So, this equation is exact there is no approximation. So, y x n it is approximate value we denote", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00281-00233792-00234481": "by y n this is the central difference formula. So, we have got", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00282-00234481-00235181": "y dash x n to be approximately equal to y at x n plus h minus y at x n minus h divided", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00283-00236144-00236844": "by 2 h. So, this will be nothing, but y n plus 1 minus", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00284-00236871-00237571": "y n minus 1 divided by 2 h. So, this is for the first derivative", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00285-00237766-00238466": "for the second derivative y double dash x n will be approximately equal to y at x n", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00286-00238848-00239548": "plus h minus 2 times y x n minus y at x n minus h whole thing divided by h square. So,", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00287-00240275-00240975": "this will be equal to y n plus 1 minus 2 y n here it should be plus plus y n minus 1", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00288-00241524-00242224": "divided by h square. So, these are the values we substitute in", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00289-00242350-00242461": "this formula.", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00290-00242461-00243161": "So, when you substitute you are going to have a relation which involves y n y n minus 1", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00291-00243310-00243475": "and y n plus one.", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00292-00243475-00244175": "So, we have this is the substitution for y double dash x n y n minus 1 minus 2 y n plus", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00293-00244256-00244956": "y n plus 1 divided by h square plus f x n and then y dash x n. So, that is y n plus", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00294-00245155-00245855": "1 minus y n minus 1 divided 2 h plus g x n y at x n that is y n is equal to r x n n is", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00295-00246379-00247079": "equal to 1 to up to n minus one. So, we get n minus 1 equations in n minus", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00296-00247342-00248042": "1 unknowns our n minus 1, unknowns are going to be y 1 y two up to y capital N minus 1", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00297-00248335-00249035": "y 1 will be approximation to y at x n .Let us simplify, multiply throughout by h square", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00298-00249439-00250139": "collect the coefficients of y n minus 1 and y n and y n plus 1. So, it will become y n", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00299-00250150-00250817": "minus 1 you are multiplying by h square. So, from here it will be 1 from here it will be", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00300-00250817-00251517": "minus h by 2 f nf n is nothing, but f of x n into y n minus 1 plus coefficient of y n", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00301-00251869-00252569": "from here it will be minus 2 and from here it will be h square g n plus coefficient of", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00302-00252724-00253424": "y n plus 1 from here, it is 1 and from here it is going to be h by 2 f n y n plus 1 is", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00303-00253836-00254486": "equal to h square r n n varying from 1 to up to n minus 1", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00304-00254486-00254628": "So, thus", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00305-00254628-00255328": "this for the sake of simplicity let me call this as a n the diagonal entries as d n and", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00306-00255767-00256467": "these values as c. So, we have got a system of the type a n y n minus 1 plus d n y n plus", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00307-00256854-00257554": "c n y n plus 1 is equal to h square r n if i look at n is equal to 1 when n is equal", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00308-00257955-00258655": "to 1 y 0 is given to us it is alpha. So, I can take it on the other side. So, I", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00309-00258685-00259385": "get for n is equal to 1 it becomes d 1 y 1 plus c 1 y 2 is equal to h square r 1 minus", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00310-00259782-00260482": "a 1 times alpha. Similarly when I consider n is equal to capital N minus 1 y n plus 1", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00311-00260757-00261401": "will be y capital N. And y capital N is given to us y capital N", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00312-00261401-00262006": "is y at b that is equal to beta. So, let me take it on the other side. So, this is going", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00313-00262006-00262706": "to be the last equation a n minus 1 y n minus 2 plus d N minus 1 y N minus 1 is equal to", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00314-00263027-00263727": "h square r n minus 1 minus c n minus 1 beta. So, in each equation you have got diagonal", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00315-00263992-00264513": "entry and then 2 more entries and that is it.", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00316-00264513-00264576": "So, thus", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00317-00264576-00265276": "our system is going to tri-diagonal. So, you have got this is going to be your coefficient", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00318-00265304-00266004": "matrix along the diagonal d 1 d 2 d 3 up to d n minus 1, you will have 1 super diagonal.", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00319-00266130-00266828": "And then you will have 1 sub diagonal and then we have looked at various methods of", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00320-00266828-00267528": "solving system of linear equations. So, 1 solves us system after solving the system", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00321-00267843-00268543": "you will get y 1 y 2 up to y n minus 1, that was our m in solving that we said that y is", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00322-00268919-00269619": "our unknown solution and then we will try to find its approximation at some discrete", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00323-00269771-00270222": "points. So, y at x n we wanted to find. So, when you", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00324-00270222-00270922": "replace the derivatives by the difference formula or by numerical differentiation then", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00325-00271003-00271703": "you get a system of linear equation and then by a solving that you will get the value approximate", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00326-00271868-00272370": "values. Now, I just want to recall recall the result", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00327-00272370-00272690": "about numerical differentiation.", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00328-00272690-00273261": "For numerical differentiation, what we had done was f x is going to be equal to f of", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00329-00273261-00273961": "a minus h plus divided difference based on a minus h a plus h into x minus a plus h.", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00330-00274211-00274911": "So, this is a linear polynomial which interpolates the given function at a minus h and a plus", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00331-00274935-00275347": "h. And this is going to be the error term you", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00332-00275347-00276047": "take the derivative. So, f dash x will be equal to f of a minus h a plus h the derivative", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00333-00276073-00276773": "of this is given by f of a minus h a plus h x x, multiplied by the product of these", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00334-00277145-00277845": "2 terms, plus the divided difference and then you have to take the derivative of this. So,", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00335-00278000-00278700": "that is x minus a minus h plus x minus a plus h when you put x is equal to a this term will", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00336-00278972-00279451": "go away. So, you get f dash a to be equal to f of a", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00337-00279451-00280151": "minus h a plus h minus h square f of this a minus h a plus h a a. So, thus f dash a", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00338-00280785-00281485": "is approximately is equal to this ,with the error to be of the order of h square and then,", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00339-00281578-00282149": "similar if the case for the second derivative f double dash a.", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00340-00282149-00282778": "So, if you consider the central difference formula then again the error is of the order", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00341-00282778-00282894": "of h square.", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00342-00282894-00283594": "Now, here is the example y double dash plus y is equal to 0 y at 0 is equal to 0 y at", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00343-00283823-00284523": "1 is equal to one. So, that means, in our notation f x is identically 0 there is no", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00344-00284776-00285401": "y dash term. G x which is coefficient of y that is 1 and", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00345-00285401-00286101": "q x is equal to zero. So, the diagonal entries they are going to be equal to 0 d n they are", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00346-00286282-00286934": "going to be equal to h square g n minus 2. So, that will be nothing, but h square minus", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00347-00286934-00287555": "2. Whereas a n and c n these are equal to one.", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00348-00287555-00288255": "So, that is our tri diagonal system. So, thus . So, we have looked at now solution of differential", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00349-00288549-00289214": "equation the boundary value problem by finite difference method.", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00350-00289214-00289914": "Finite difference method is a classical method now there is a finite element method. So,", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00351-00290021-00290721": "which has been now used successfully it competes now with finite difference method. The finite", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00352-00290911-00291611": "difference method has advantage of simplicity, that we just replaced the derivatives by numerical", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00353-00291974-00292674": "differentiation ,here what we have done is we have replaced the derivatives by numerical", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00354-00292725-00293360": "differentiation with the error to be of the order of h square. So, whatever approximations", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00355-00293360-00293988": "by in which we have obtained again the error is going to be of the order of h square.", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00356-00293988-00294688": "So, y at x n minus y n will be of the order of h square. So, if you want whatever accuracy", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00357-00295082-00295782": "you want you may have to choose h very small, if you choose h small it increases the size", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00358-00295816-00296516": "of your system of linear equations. So, then other way is use some better formula.", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00359-00296731-00297401": "So, from the numerical differentiation use some better formula, but then that becomes", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00360-00297401-00298101": "complicated now the finite element method its one of the important method, but we will", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00361-00298107-00298807": "not be doing it in this course. So, now our next topic is going to be eigen", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00362-00298997-00299697": "value problem, eigen value problems like when you consider matrix of size five or bigger", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00363-00299921-00300521": "you cannot have a formula for eigen values. So, that is why one tries to find as much", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00364-00300521-00300847": "information of eigen value that is possible indirectly.", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00365-00300847-00301547": "It is without finding and then we are going to consider some approximate methods for finding", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00366-00301547-00302247": "eigen values and eigen vector. So, that is the topic which we will start in our next", "dvz0C9S7PpM-00367-00302381-00302523": "lecture. So, thank you ."}}, {"audio_id": "dvIZkdXz4JY", "text": {"dvIZkdXz4JY-00000-00000332-00000584": "Christina Kontaxi  Marine scientist", "dvIZkdXz4JY-00001-00000752-00000996": "Plastic in Greece", "dvIZkdXz4JY-00002-00001011-00001252": "Did you know, that in a global scale the developed countries", "dvIZkdXz4JY-00003-00001252-00001432": "ship their waste to developing countries?", "dvIZkdXz4JY-00004-00002148-00002444": "Did you know, that in Greece even today, waste burial is taking place", "dvIZkdXz4JY-00005-00002444-00002668": "under no contaminant-safe conditions", "dvIZkdXz4JY-00006-00002668-00002860": "In the well known \"landfills\"", "dvIZkdXz4JY-00007-00002860-00003100": "In 52 areas of Greece?", "dvIZkdXz4JY-00008-00003100-00003452": "With a fine of 40.000 Euros per 6 months?", "dvIZkdXz4JY-00009-00003820-00004196": "Did you know, that Greece in 2020 lost its European environmental goal", "dvIZkdXz4JY-00010-00004204-00004452": "for 50% reuse and/or recycle?", "dvIZkdXz4JY-00011-00004452-00004856": "In 2018 the percentage of recycling touched 17%", "dvIZkdXz4JY-00012-00004868-00005132": "and the percentage of burial 82%", "dvIZkdXz4JY-00013-00005216-00005592": "Did you know, that the insuficient waste management in Greece is due:", "dvIZkdXz4JY-00014-00005592-00005980": "To the lack of the necessary infastracture for the separation of recycable materials", "dvIZkdXz4JY-00015-00005980-00006204": "To the lack of economic incentives and economic means", "dvIZkdXz4JY-00016-00006204-00006404": "To the low level of awareness of the public", "dvIZkdXz4JY-00017-00006404-00006544": "Now you know!", "dvIZkdXz4JY-00018-00006640-00006841": "Information: Christina Kontaxi Marine scientist", "dvIZkdXz4JY-00019-00006841-00007008": "Coordination:  Agapi Tsampazi, Project coordinator, Heinrich Boll Stiftung, Thessaloniki, Greece", "dvIZkdXz4JY-00020-00007008-00007100": "Production: Welcome On Board Productions", "dvIZkdXz4JY-00021-00007100-00007184": "CC BY-NC-SA 4.0", "dvIZkdXz4JY-00022-00007245-00007523": "Plastic in Greece"}}, {"audio_id": "dxR5EctTWLc", "text": {}}, {"audio_id": "dy4V0u_c15A", "text": {"dy4V0u_c15A-00000-00000000-00000236": "Flight to Brussels' at 8.", "dy4V0u_c15A-00001-00000236-00000554": "I feel like the investors will go nuts for the product.", "dy4V0u_c15A-00002-00000554-00000824": "- What time shall we meet in the airport? - 6.30. OK?", "dy4V0u_c15A-00003-00001254-00001338": "Hi?", "dy4V0u_c15A-00004-00001338-00001664": "- It's Sara López, from School.  - Is everything alright?", "dy4V0u_c15A-00005-00001664-00002029": "- No, it's your sister... - Duna? What's up with her now?", "dy4V0u_c15A-00006-00002116-00002291": "How do you mean late?", "dy4V0u_c15A-00007-00002291-00002638": "- It's my sister. - I see. And what is it?", "dy4V0u_c15A-00008-00002638-00003029": "Well, she isn't very stable. I need to reach her before leaving, OK?", "dy4V0u_c15A-00009-00003029-00003535": "You know Duna isn't very good at making decisions, let alone these.", "dy4V0u_c15A-00010-00003535-00003880": "I think they've been dating lately and we haven't heard of her for days.", "dy4V0u_c15A-00011-00003880-00004456": "As Pelayo is an ex-con, your sister must be buried in a dump, huh?", "dy4V0u_c15A-00012-00004727-00005016": "Look, Victoria, you must present it or the project will fall to pieces.", "dy4V0u_c15A-00013-00005016-00005451": "You may find this weird, but I need you to tell me about your sessions with her.", "dy4V0u_c15A-00014-00005451-00005875": "- You know fully well that confidentiality is... - Duna has disappeared.", "dy4V0u_c15A-00015-00005875-00006082": "You're getting to know me.", "dy4V0u_c15A-00016-00006082-00006349": "I never thought it could be so hard.", "dy4V0u_c15A-00017-00006349-00006670": "I wish the three of us were here. Mum, you and me.", "dy4V0u_c15A-00018-00006670-00006929": "Since I watched the videos I've felt even more at a loss.", "dy4V0u_c15A-00019-00006929-00007299": "- Victoria, enough. - Don't ever mention things I know better than you do.", "dy4V0u_c15A-00020-00007554-00007881": "I can't even tell you how often I've felt like a nuisance...", "dy4V0u_c15A-00021-00007881-00008214": "something you had to care about as a blood relation.", "dy4V0u_c15A-00022-00008277-00008506": "I hope you won't get mad at me, Victoria.", "dy4V0u_c15A-00023-00008506-00008777": "- Hi Victoria. - How are you Fede?", "dy4V0u_c15A-00024-00008874-00009173": "- You're a shrink, huh? - A shrink, yes.", "dy4V0u_c15A-00025-00009173-00009431": "Will you help me with my grandson?", "dy4V0u_c15A-00026-00009574-00009821": "You know what they say about the connection between twins.", "dy4V0u_c15A-00027-00009821-00010075": "If so, it may help us to find her.", "dy4V0u_c15A-00028-00010075-00010224": "Really?", "dy4V0u_c15A-00029-00010250-00010528": "Carlos, you've got to help me. I'm going crazy.", "dy4V0u_c15A-00030-00010528-00010766": "Of course, tell me how.", "dy4V0u_c15A-00031-00010871-00011068": "Where are you, Duna?", "dy4V0u_c15A-00032-00011068-00011308": "You're supposed to be the one who knows me better."}}, {"audio_id": "dygeKLkp4bg", "text": {"dygeKLkp4bg-00000-00000096-00000312": "Step Three: One-photon Sources", "dygeKLkp4bg-00001-00000392-00000936": "We have seen the form for the general one-photon wave packet given by the following superposition", "dygeKLkp4bg-00002-00000936-00001592": "here (on slide). It's a superposition over all the states where we have a one-photon in the mode m,", "dygeKLkp4bg-00003-00001704-00002240": "but we have not really talked about what these probability amplitudes are, the c-m and these", "dygeKLkp4bg-00004-00002240-00002880": "complex numbers there. Can we set them to be anything as long as they satisfy the normalization", "dygeKLkp4bg-00005-00002944-00003496": "condition? In principle, yes, but in the real world, not really.", "dygeKLkp4bg-00006-00003647-00004264": "Since they should represent real single photons coming from real sources,", "dygeKLkp4bg-00007-00004376-00004848": "the properties of these sources should somehow determine what these probability amplitudes are.", "dygeKLkp4bg-00008-00005008-00005480": "So let's see how we can take that into account in our description of single photons.", "dygeKLkp4bg-00009-00005536-00005928": "Imagine a two-level atom undergoing the process of spontaneous emission.", "dygeKLkp4bg-00010-00006000-00006736": "So what we do is at time zero, we excite our atom from the ground state to its excited state.", "dygeKLkp4bg-00011-00006736-00007336": "The energy difference between these two states (on slide) is given by h-bar omega naught, and", "dygeKLkp4bg-00012-00007336-00008120": "the atom, the upper level, has a lifetime given by gamma to the power of minus one. After some time", "dygeKLkp4bg-00013-00008280-00008688": "given by t minus t naught, much larger than the lifetime of the", "dygeKLkp4bg-00014-00008816-00009512": "excited level, the atom will jump back to its ground state, emitting a photon, and", "dygeKLkp4bg-00015-00009512-00010104": "this photon can be described by the following wave packet (ket one), by the following superposition.", "dygeKLkp4bg-00016-00010288-00010864": "The question that we asked first is, in this scenario, what is the frequency of this photon?", "dygeKLkp4bg-00017-00011320-00011880": "Is it the usual frequency coming from our intuition coming from Bohr's model of the atom,", "dygeKLkp4bg-00018-00011936-00012304": "namely that the frequency of the photon is given by the", "dygeKLkp4bg-00019-00012304-00012904": "energy difference of the two levels, in our case h-bar omega naught? No, in fact, it is not.", "dygeKLkp4bg-00020-00013240-00013536": "The excited level has a finite lifetime,", "dygeKLkp4bg-00021-00013640-00014280": "which leads to the atom emitting photons with a distribution of frequencies.", "dygeKLkp4bg-00022-00014376-00014776": "This is a direct consequence of the Heisenberg uncertainty principle.", "dygeKLkp4bg-00023-00014872-00015624": "If the atom has longer lifetime and spends more time in the excited level, it will emit energy,", "dygeKLkp4bg-00024-00015624-00016184": "and this energy will have some fluctuations, in other words, there will be some uncertainty", "dygeKLkp4bg-00025-00016184-00016936": "related with this energy, but this uncertainty in energy is related to how long the atom spent in", "dygeKLkp4bg-00026-00016936-00017552": "its excited state, therefore the longer it spends as an excited state, the fluctuations in energy", "dygeKLkp4bg-00027-00017552-00018040": "will be narrower, meaning the distribution of the frequencies will also be narrower,", "dygeKLkp4bg-00028-00018040-00018696": "and it will emit much more closely to h-bar omega naught. However, if the photon is unstable,", "dygeKLkp4bg-00029-00018696-00019224": "the distribution of frequencies should be larger, it should be more broad given", "dygeKLkp4bg-00030-00019224-00019784": "by the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. Now, let's make this a little bit more quantitative.", "dygeKLkp4bg-00031-00019856-00020392": "Here (see graph) on the horizontal axis, we are plotting the photon frequency, in other words,", "dygeKLkp4bg-00032-00020392-00020992": "the frequency of the emitted photon, and on the vertical axis, it's the spectral distribution, in", "dygeKLkp4bg-00033-00020992-00021600": "other words, how are the frequencies distributed of the emitted photons. We see that the peak of", "dygeKLkp4bg-00034-00021600-00022360": "the distribution is at the omega naught, the frequency difference of the two energy levels,", "dygeKLkp4bg-00035-00022496-00023112": "and this gamma (follow pointer) gives us the width of this distribution.", "dygeKLkp4bg-00036-00023224-00023816": "Here, we can directly see what we said in the previous slide, that stable atomic levels, meaning", "dygeKLkp4bg-00037-00023816-00024616": "long lifetimes, long lifetimes imply small gamma. Remember, the lifetime is the inverse of gamma,", "dygeKLkp4bg-00038-00024680-00025280": "so long lifetimes imply narrow emission spectrum, so most of the frequency of the atom", "dygeKLkp4bg-00039-00025280-00025952": "is concentrated around omega naught. However, unstable atomic levels with short lifetimes,", "dygeKLkp4bg-00040-00025952-00026576": "where short lifetimes implies large gamma, in other words, large width of the distribution,", "dygeKLkp4bg-00041-00026632-00027048": "implied that the photon frequencies that are emitted from this source", "dygeKLkp4bg-00042-00027048-00027336": "are distributed over a large range around omega naught.", "dygeKLkp4bg-00043-00027520-00027983": "So, let's get back to our one-photon wave packet and try to see how we", "dygeKLkp4bg-00044-00027983-00028472": "can incorporate this knowledge into the form of these probability amplitudes c-m.", "dygeKLkp4bg-00045-00028736-00029304": "Now, the calculation of the c-m is quite involved, so we are just going to state", "dygeKLkp4bg-00046-00029304-00029880": "the final result and point you to where you can learn more about it in our section on further", "dygeKLkp4bg-00047-00029880-00030600": "reading. So consider a photon wave packet, one-photon wave packet of length L. The c-m's", "dygeKLkp4bg-00048-00030600-00031232": "are given by the following expression, each c-m depends on the frequency omega m,", "dygeKLkp4bg-00049-00031360-00031968": "and where this K is some normalization factor, we soon we will get to it. So we see that c-m's", "dygeKLkp4bg-00050-00031968-00032727": "are time dependent, depending on when we look at the the photon, it will acquire a different", "dygeKLkp4bg-00051-00032727-00033240": "complex phase, and here in the denominator, we've got the following expression, you might be", "dygeKLkp4bg-00052-00033240-00033800": "a little bit scared that it's a complex form, but that's no problem, if we take the modulus squared,", "dygeKLkp4bg-00053-00033800-00034360": "in other words, the probability that the photon has this particular frequency omega m, we obtain", "dygeKLkp4bg-00054-00034360-00034960": "the following distribution, we have K squared divided by the difference between omega m and", "dygeKLkp4bg-00055-00035160-00035592": "the frequency difference between excited and ground state squared,", "dygeKLkp4bg-00056-00035592-00036168": "plus gamma squared divided by four, where gamma determines our lifetime of the excited level.", "dygeKLkp4bg-00057-00036328-00036920": "We require that the sum of these probabilities over all the modes must be equal to one. This", "dygeKLkp4bg-00058-00036920-00037560": "leads to the following normalization factor of square root of c times gamma divided by L,", "dygeKLkp4bg-00059-00037560-00038208": "where L is the length of the wave packet. This particular distribution which is, in fact,", "dygeKLkp4bg-00060-00038208-00038792": "what we have plotted on the previous slide, is called a Lorentzian shape.", "dygeKLkp4bg-00061-00039160-00039792": "So, the main point to take away here is that the lifetime determines the one-photon", "dygeKLkp4bg-00062-00039792-00040256": "state. It determines these probability amplitudes c-m (follow pointer) that we", "dygeKLkp4bg-00063-00040256-00040784": "use in the superposition expansion of the one-photon wave packet.", "dygeKLkp4bg-00064-00040976-00041568": "How do we detect single photons? We have seen one way of detecting single photons in one of our", "dygeKLkp4bg-00065-00041568-00042216": "previous lessons, and we introduced the notion of photomultiplier tubes or PMTs, which are an early", "dygeKLkp4bg-00066-00042216-00043016": "application of the photoelectric effect. In here, the photon comes in, it hits a metal plate, and", "dygeKLkp4bg-00067-00043200-00043752": "this metal plate ejects one photoelectron. This photoelectron then undergoes a cascade", "dygeKLkp4bg-00068-00043752-00044296": "transformation through many different dynodes at different voltages, producing a current", "dygeKLkp4bg-00069-00044296-00045008": "that can be actually measured, and these photomultiplier tubes have efficiencies of", "dygeKLkp4bg-00070-00045008-00045488": "approximately thirty five percent or less depending on the frequency of the", "dygeKLkp4bg-00071-00045552-00046300": "single photons. More advanced versions are known as the single-photon avalanche diodes, or SPADs.", "dygeKLkp4bg-00072-00046384-00046888": "The idea behind them is very similar, but the materials used in their constructions are quite", "dygeKLkp4bg-00073-00046888-00047408": "different, so they're the semiconductor version of the photomultiplier tubes.", "dygeKLkp4bg-00074-00047408-00047968": "Here, a single photon liberates one charge carrier, and this charge carrier is then", "dygeKLkp4bg-00075-00048096-00048664": "accelerated through a very strong electric field, and the kinetic energy that it requires is far", "dygeKLkp4bg-00076-00048664-00049224": "beyond the ionization energy needed to require needed to emit further carriers from the material,", "dygeKLkp4bg-00077-00049296-00049776": "and these are then also accelerated through the same strong electric field,", "dygeKLkp4bg-00078-00049776-00050392": "causing an avalanche of carriers being generated, generating current that can then be detected and", "dygeKLkp4bg-00079-00050392-00050968": "measured, and the quantum efficiencies of SPADs are somewhere of the order of sixty five percent.", "dygeKLkp4bg-00080-00051192-00051736": "Now the cutting edge of single-photon detection relies on superconductors,", "dygeKLkp4bg-00081-00051832-00052616": "in particular, superconducting transition-edge sensors, TESs. So this is a superconducting film", "dygeKLkp4bg-00082-00052616-00053320": "near a superconducting transition, what this means is that if a single photon comes in and hits the", "dygeKLkp4bg-00083-00053320-00053928": "superconducting film, it can heat the detector sufficiently that it causes a measurable change", "dygeKLkp4bg-00084-00053928-00054679": "in resistance of the detector. Superconducting effect is, if you cool a particular material below", "dygeKLkp4bg-00085-00054679-00055232": "a certain transition temperature, then it loses all of its resistance, whereas as we said now,", "dygeKLkp4bg-00086-00055232-00055879": "single photon can cause enough heat in the detector that it destroys the superconducting", "dygeKLkp4bg-00087-00055879-00056367": "effect, and we can measure the resistance- we can measure finite resistance in the detector.", "dygeKLkp4bg-00088-00056520-00057416": "Now such detectors are very advanced and require operation temperatures of the order of one or a", "dygeKLkp4bg-00089-00057416-00058079": "few kelvin, but their quantum efficiencies are extremely high around ninety five percent and", "dygeKLkp4bg-00090-00058079-00058584": "sometimes beyond. They're not really commercially available, but if you want to do cutting-edge", "dygeKLkp4bg-00091-00058584-00059879": "experiments such as long-distance QKD, you better use detectors using superconducting effect."}}, {"audio_id": "dyIe2OeA7jo", "text": {"dyIe2OeA7jo-00000-00000040-00000432": "hey y'all i'm not gonna waste any time and i'm just gonna get straight into it", "dyIe2OeA7jo-00001-00000432-00000792": "i'm starting on freshly washed and deep conditioned hair and i have it sectioned", "dyIe2OeA7jo-00002-00000792-00001184": "into two braids to keep it stretched and detangled so it's easier to work on", "dyIe2OeA7jo-00003-00001184-00001584": "here i'm just undoing that braid and starting to moisturize my hair i'm using the shea", "dyIe2OeA7jo-00004-00001584-00002248": "moisture jamaican black castor oil strength and restore leave-in and i'm going to be applying", "dyIe2OeA7jo-00005-00002248-00002784": "this generously because my hair will be in this protective style until my next wash day after", "dyIe2OeA7jo-00006-00002784-00004384": "applying the leave-in i'm just going through with my tangle teezer in each section as well", "dyIe2OeA7jo-00007-00006168-00006544": "since this is going to be a sleek style we're going to make sure that everything", "dyIe2OeA7jo-00008-00006544-00007184": "is nice and detangled so that it will lay really flat", "dyIe2OeA7jo-00009-00007559-00007952": "now i'm just going to clip this side up so that we can start working on the other side", "dyIe2OeA7jo-00010-00008008-00008584": "i'm going to do the same steps that i did on the previous section", "dyIe2OeA7jo-00011-00013360-00013863": "now i'm going to be applying some unrefined organic shea butter to seal in all the moisture", "dyIe2OeA7jo-00012-00014096-00014528": "i'm not doing this in sections because my hair is going to be up and protected", "dyIe2OeA7jo-00013-00014528-00014952": "but i am making sure that my hair is thoroughly coated then i'm going to go", "dyIe2OeA7jo-00014-00014952-00015584": "through with my tangle teezer to make sure that all my products are evenly distributed", "dyIe2OeA7jo-00015-00016896-00018384": "now i'm just pinning that back up so i can do the same steps that i just did on the other side", "dyIe2OeA7jo-00016-00019008-00019416": "now i'm taking both sections down so that i can get started on my parting", "dyIe2OeA7jo-00017-00019528-00021200": "i'm going to be doing a slightly off center part more towards the side", "dyIe2OeA7jo-00018-00021200-00021608": "then i'm going to keep brushing it so that i can make sure that there are no tangles", "dyIe2OeA7jo-00019-00021608-00022096": "and that my hair stays stretched so it's easier to put in to a bun", "dyIe2OeA7jo-00020-00022448-00022752": "and when you're brushing you're going to want to brush in the direction", "dyIe2OeA7jo-00021-00022752-00023984": "that your hair is going to be styled", "dyIe2OeA7jo-00022-00025624-00026168": "and now i'm just putting it back into a loose ponytail so that i can focus on", "dyIe2OeA7jo-00023-00026168-00027168": "smoothing out the top part of my hair here i'm using the curls blueberry bliss curl control paste", "dyIe2OeA7jo-00024-00027168-00028183": "to make sure there are no flyaways and my hair has a nice sheen really focusing on my edges here", "dyIe2OeA7jo-00025-00028295-00028832": "here are my two og styling tools that slick my hair all the way down one is a regular", "dyIe2OeA7jo-00026-00028832-00029583": "bore bristle brush the other is a smaller version of the same thing for my edges", "dyIe2OeA7jo-00027-00030904-00031256": "now i'm going to be taking out my ponytail to tighten it in its final spot", "dyIe2OeA7jo-00028-00031312-00032383": "again making sure to detangle and smooth everything down", "dyIe2OeA7jo-00029-00033624-00033960": "definitely an arm workout for sure now i am brushing out my", "dyIe2OeA7jo-00030-00033960-00035184": "hair and the ponytail so that i'm able to braid it", "dyIe2OeA7jo-00031-00035296-00036584": "uh", "dyIe2OeA7jo-00032-00037392-00037984": "i'm going to take the braid and roll it into a spiral bun and use a hair tie to keep it in place", "dyIe2OeA7jo-00033-00039208-00039456": "now in order to keep everything in place i'm going", "dyIe2OeA7jo-00034-00039456-00040784": "to be using a scarf wrapped around tightly for 10 minutes", "dyIe2OeA7jo-00035-00042496-00043032": "at this point it has been about 10 minutes and i am taking out my scarf i'm gonna do a", "dyIe2OeA7jo-00036-00043032-00043584": "couple little finishing touches here and then start brushing out my drawstring ponytail", "dyIe2OeA7jo-00037-00043704-00043968": "it has two comb attachments to secure it along", "dyIe2OeA7jo-00038-00043968-00044984": "with the drawstring that tightens it which you wrap around the ponytail", "dyIe2OeA7jo-00039-00045688-00046176": "here i'm showing you that drawstring and you can see i'm just wrapping it", "dyIe2OeA7jo-00040-00046176-00046872": "around and taking a bobby pin and pinning it right underneath so nobody can see it", "dyIe2OeA7jo-00041-00047488-00047968": "and that is it super cute super easy and there are so many styles to choose from", "dyIe2OeA7jo-00042-00047968-00048312": "let me know in the comments below what you think of this hairstyle is this something you would do", "dyIe2OeA7jo-00043-00048392-00049184": "thanks for watching and don't forget to hit the like and subscribe button see you in the next one", "dyIe2OeA7jo-00044-00049664-00049672": "you"}}, {"audio_id": "dyIMeu5FwSY", "text": {"dyIMeu5FwSY-00000-00000010-00000056": "$100,000 AND HIS NEXT COURT", "dyIMeu5FwSY-00001-00000056-00000063": "$100,000 AND HIS NEXT COURT", "dyIMeu5FwSY-00002-00000063-00000457": "$100,000 AND HIS NEXT COURT APPEARANCE IS MARCH 13th.", "dyIMeu5FwSY-00003-00000457-00000463": "$100,000 AND HIS NEXT COURT APPEARANCE IS MARCH 13th.", "dyIMeu5FwSY-00004-00000463-00000597": "$100,000 AND HIS NEXT COURT APPEARANCE IS MARCH 13th. A 61-YEAR-OLD BEMIDJI MAN", "dyIMeu5FwSY-00005-00000597-00000603": "APPEARANCE IS MARCH 13th. A 61-YEAR-OLD BEMIDJI MAN", "dyIMeu5FwSY-00006-00000603-00000984": "APPEARANCE IS MARCH 13th. A 61-YEAR-OLD BEMIDJI MAN PLEADED GUILTY TO ONE COUNT OF", "dyIMeu5FwSY-00007-00000984-00000990": "A 61-YEAR-OLD BEMIDJI MAN PLEADED GUILTY TO ONE COUNT OF", "dyIMeu5FwSY-00008-00000990-00001194": "A 61-YEAR-OLD BEMIDJI MAN PLEADED GUILTY TO ONE COUNT OF THEFT.", "dyIMeu5FwSY-00009-00001194-00001201": "PLEADED GUILTY TO ONE COUNT OF THEFT.", "dyIMeu5FwSY-00010-00001201-00001367": "PLEADED GUILTY TO ONE COUNT OF THEFT. HE WAS SCHEDULED TO GO TO TRIAL", "dyIMeu5FwSY-00011-00001367-00001374": "THEFT. HE WAS SCHEDULED TO GO TO TRIAL", "dyIMeu5FwSY-00012-00001374-00001684": "THEFT. HE WAS SCHEDULED TO GO TO TRIAL ON MARCH 20th ON CHARGES OF", "dyIMeu5FwSY-00013-00001684-00001691": "HE WAS SCHEDULED TO GO TO TRIAL ON MARCH 20th ON CHARGES OF", "dyIMeu5FwSY-00014-00001691-00001795": "HE WAS SCHEDULED TO GO TO TRIAL ON MARCH 20th ON CHARGES OF EMBEZZLING $200,000 FROM HIS", "dyIMeu5FwSY-00015-00001795-00001801": "ON MARCH 20th ON CHARGES OF EMBEZZLING $200,000 FROM HIS", "dyIMeu5FwSY-00016-00001801-00002018": "ON MARCH 20th ON CHARGES OF EMBEZZLING $200,000 FROM HIS FORMER EMPLOYER, AMERICAN DOOR", "dyIMeu5FwSY-00017-00002018-00002025": "EMBEZZLING $200,000 FROM HIS FORMER EMPLOYER, AMERICAN DOOR", "dyIMeu5FwSY-00018-00002025-00002062": "EMBEZZLING $200,000 FROM HIS FORMER EMPLOYER, AMERICAN DOOR COMPANY.", "dyIMeu5FwSY-00019-00002062-00002068": "FORMER EMPLOYER, AMERICAN DOOR COMPANY.", "dyIMeu5FwSY-00020-00002068-00002358": "FORMER EMPLOYER, AMERICAN DOOR COMPANY. THAT COMPANY NOTIFIED POLICE OF", "dyIMeu5FwSY-00021-00002358-00002365": "COMPANY. THAT COMPANY NOTIFIED POLICE OF", "dyIMeu5FwSY-00022-00002365-00002502": "COMPANY. THAT COMPANY NOTIFIED POLICE OF THEIR EMBEZZLEMENT ACCUSATIONS", "dyIMeu5FwSY-00023-00002502-00002509": "THAT COMPANY NOTIFIED POLICE OF THEIR EMBEZZLEMENT ACCUSATIONS", "dyIMeu5FwSY-00024-00002509-00002779": "THAT COMPANY NOTIFIED POLICE OF THEIR EMBEZZLEMENT ACCUSATIONS IN JANUARY OF 2014, AND", "dyIMeu5FwSY-00025-00002779-00002786": "THEIR EMBEZZLEMENT ACCUSATIONS IN JANUARY OF 2014, AND", "dyIMeu5FwSY-00026-00002786-00002839": "THEIR EMBEZZLEMENT ACCUSATIONS IN JANUARY OF 2014, AND SENTENCING FOR CAPLIN IS SET FOR"}}, {"audio_id": "dzzQrS7Yxxk", "text": {"dzzQrS7Yxxk-00000-00000078-00000552": "Alright, so now, we're going to cover how to actually traverse through an array,", "dzzQrS7Yxxk-00001-00000552-00000918": "how to look at all of the elements inside of one.", "dzzQrS7Yxxk-00002-00001086-00001973": "We're going to be covering the last little bit of 8.2, and then all of 8.3 in the textbook.", "dzzQrS7Yxxk-00003-00002070-00002340": "So, traversing an array is essentially accessing each", "dzzQrS7Yxxk-00004-00002340-00002736": "element in that that array one at a time and in order.", "dzzQrS7Yxxk-00005-00002736-00003012": "So we're pretty much just going to be looping.", "dzzQrS7Yxxk-00006-00003012-00003461": "We'll either do loop or use a for next in order to do that.", "dzzQrS7Yxxk-00007-00003522-00004140": "Um, we actually saw something similar to traversing an array when I was", "dzzQrS7Yxxk-00008-00004140-00004470": "actually creating that Fibonacci array previously,", "dzzQrS7Yxxk-00009-00004596-00005292": "um, where I was actually initializing all of the values in that array to be something.", "dzzQrS7Yxxk-00010-00005376-00005616": "However, in this case, we're more focused on", "dzzQrS7Yxxk-00011-00005718-00006216": "using the values that we are currently looking at as we traverse.", "dzzQrS7Yxxk-00012-00006216-00006426": "So we traverse, we look at every single element,", "dzzQrS7Yxxk-00013-00006426-00006954": "and we use that element that we are currently looking at in a calculation.", "dzzQrS7Yxxk-00014-00006954-00007326": "That's what I want to really think about this, uh, for this video.", "dzzQrS7Yxxk-00015-00007416-00007745": "Alright, so suppose I have some program where, as part of the calculation,", "dzzQrS7Yxxk-00016-00007745-00008460": "the user needs to be able to access a list box full of percentage rates that they get to choose,", "dzzQrS7Yxxk-00017-00008586-00008934": "um, and then that rate will be applied within their calculation.", "dzzQrS7Yxxk-00018-00008934-00009582": "And the way that I fill out that list box is I'm going to take this array", "dzzQrS7Yxxk-00019-00009582-00010212": "of, um, rates that I've chosen right here, and I'm going to, one at a time,", "dzzQrS7Yxxk-00020-00010212-00011028": "add every element of this array into a list box, into that item collection.", "dzzQrS7Yxxk-00021-00011088-00011880": "So that's an example of traversing this array right here is I'm going through every single", "dzzQrS7Yxxk-00022-00011880-00012498": "one of these values and adding that value into the list box in this particular example.", "dzzQrS7Yxxk-00023-00012498-00013091": "Maybe this is a list of numerical values that I am incorporating in some series of calculations", "dzzQrS7Yxxk-00024-00013091-00013446": "or something like that. But that's what I have going on here with this problem.", "dzzQrS7Yxxk-00025-00013541-00014063": "Alright, something I want to note right here is that none of these rates have a coherent pattern.", "dzzQrS7Yxxk-00026-00014063-00014784": "If it was, say, two, three, four, five, six, I could just use a for loop and set them", "dzzQrS7Yxxk-00027-00014784-00015354": "directly into list rates dot add. I wouldn’t need to bother with the array right here.", "dzzQrS7Yxxk-00028-00015354-00015804": "But the array is useful because I'm grouping together all of these", "dzzQrS7Yxxk-00029-00015876-00016596": "values that I can't create using a pattern super easily into one single variable.", "dzzQrS7Yxxk-00030-00016596-00016926": "Imagine if I had to do all of these as separate variables,", "dzzQrS7Yxxk-00031-00016926-00017172": "right, or separate constants or whatever?", "dzzQrS7Yxxk-00032-00017334-00017970": "Um, that would just be painful. So the array is really helpful because I can group all", "dzzQrS7Yxxk-00033-00017970-00018360": "of them together like this, especially if I had a lot of these that I was working with.", "dzzQrS7Yxxk-00034-00018360-00018762": "I can just group them all like into this one array, and then I don't have a whole bunch", "dzzQrS7Yxxk-00035-00018762-00019638": "of unnecessary variables cluttering everything up that I just don't use more than the one time, so…", "dzzQrS7Yxxk-00036-00019638-00019944": "Or even just, you know, manually adding everything", "dzzQrS7Yxxk-00037-00019944-00020244": "in over and over and over and over and over again. That would just be a pain.", "dzzQrS7Yxxk-00038-00020244-00020652": "So I can just store all of them in this array like that.", "dzzQrS7Yxxk-00039-00020652-00021096": "But that's why I chose these particular values because, if they had a pattern, I wouldn't have", "dzzQrS7Yxxk-00040-00021096-00021528": "an excuse to really use the array, so I might as well just show off when an array is useful.", "dzzQrS7Yxxk-00041-00021600-00022170": "So I'm going to use this intIndex variable to hold the current index that I am looking at.", "dzzQrS7Yxxk-00042-00022170-00022842": "So it will start at 0 because the first subscript is zero, and it will have to", "dzzQrS7Yxxk-00043-00022842-00023742": "be less than the length of this array because this array has five elements in it, and the, uh,", "dzzQrS7Yxxk-00044-00023820-00024078": "highest valid subscript is four.", "dzzQrS7Yxxk-00045-00024168-00024726": "So it has to be less than the length. As soon as we see that it is equal to the length, as soon as", "dzzQrS7Yxxk-00046-00024726-00025284": "it is equal to 5, we know that we are done looking at the array and we can move on with the program.", "dzzQrS7Yxxk-00047-00025284-00026106": "Now, I could say do while intIndex is less than or equal to, um, strRates.GetUpperBound, passing in", "dzzQrS7Yxxk-00048-00026106-00026922": "zero, and that would evaluate to four, and then essentially run until index is no longer four.", "dzzQrS7Yxxk-00049-00027066-00027545": "Yeah, it runs when intIndex is four, and then, as soon as index becomes five,", "dzzQrS7Yxxk-00050-00027545-00027768": "then the condition is False, and all that kind of stuff, right?", "dzzQrS7Yxxk-00051-00027768-00028488": "But, uh, this is just a lot faster to type, so I'm choosing to do this for this example.", "dzzQrS7Yxxk-00052-00028620-00029082": "Alright, that's what we do. So we start out with our index being zero,", "dzzQrS7Yxxk-00053-00029136-00029904": "uh, we declare the array, and then, while the index is less than five, I essentially add", "dzzQrS7Yxxk-00054-00029904-00030918": "into the list box’s item collection the rate at index… the index number pointed to by intIndex.", "dzzQrS7Yxxk-00055-00030918-00031380": "So it starts out at zero, so two percent gets added in first; I increase the index by one,", "dzzQrS7Yxxk-00056-00031439-00031674": "go back up to the top, condition is still valid.", "dzzQrS7Yxxk-00057-00031674-00032400": "Then, I add in the index at subscript one, which is five percent.", "dzzQrS7Yxxk-00058-00032489-00032928": "That gets added in, index gets increased, and so on and so forth.", "dzzQrS7Yxxk-00059-00032928-00033444": "But I'm visiting index 0 first, and then that gets increased. Index one,", "dzzQrS7Yxxk-00060-00033444-00033804": "index two, index three, and then index four.", "dzzQrS7Yxxk-00061-00033804-00034530": "That is traversal. And, when we're using an array like this, we're going to be traversing", "dzzQrS7Yxxk-00062-00034530-00035244": "it using a loop, um, especially as our arrays get larger and larger and larger and larger.", "dzzQrS7Yxxk-00063-00035244-00035778": "You wouldn't want to do this manually because that would be a pain, so you", "dzzQrS7Yxxk-00064-00035778-00036414": "want to traverse it using a loop to just avoid all of that extra typing or anything like that.", "dzzQrS7Yxxk-00065-00036414-00036948": "This is a classic example of how loops can save you a lot of time and energy.", "dzzQrS7Yxxk-00066-00037092-00037860": "Here is the same program, but using a for next statement instead of a do loop statement.", "dzzQrS7Yxxk-00067-00037860-00038340": "So intIndex is just declared in the for statement right here, uh,", "dzzQrS7Yxxk-00068-00038340-00038724": "I go from 0 to strRates.Length minus one again.", "dzzQrS7Yxxk-00069-00038724-00039396": "I could do .GetUpperBound and pass in zero if I wanted to. I chose not to this time.", "dzzQrS7Yxxk-00070-00039480-00039798": "But everything else is pretty much exactly the same.", "dzzQrS7Yxxk-00071-00039900-00040560": "However, we actually get a new toy to play with, specifically because we're working with arrays,", "dzzQrS7Yxxk-00072-00040560-00040986": "and, funny enough, this also works with some of the different collections like", "dzzQrS7Yxxk-00073-00040986-00041292": "the list box items collection or a string or something like that.", "dzzQrS7Yxxk-00074-00041292-00041916": "But we get a new toy when we're talking about these groups of data,", "dzzQrS7Yxxk-00075-00042018-00042294": "which is the for each next statement,", "dzzQrS7Yxxk-00076-00042378-00043128": "which is very similar to a for next statement, but the syntax is a little bit different.", "dzzQrS7Yxxk-00077-00043128-00043848": "We're saying for each, uh, elementVariable, we type in a variable name right here,", "dzzQrS7Yxxk-00078-00043914-00044268": "as dataType in group…", "dzzQrS7Yxxk-00079-00044268-00045150": "Uh, dataType would be the type of that element in the group. So, for the string array that we", "dzzQrS7Yxxk-00080-00045150-00045816": "were talking about, this data type would just be string, and the group would be a strRate.", "dzzQrS7Yxxk-00081-00046014-00046398": "And then we have our statement block like we'd normally do in a for loop,", "dzzQrS7Yxxk-00082-00046398-00046674": "and then you type next, and then the elementVariable.", "dzzQrS7Yxxk-00083-00046746-00047196": "And, to give you an example of how this kind of works,", "dzzQrS7Yxxk-00084-00047196-00047724": "what I want to actually do is compare and contrast the for and the for each statements.", "dzzQrS7Yxxk-00085-00047724-00048666": "So a for loop, I could set up as, uh, being, you know, for intN as integer equals one to five,", "dzzQrS7Yxxk-00086-00048666-00049038": "right? Uh, have some stuff in here, and then say next intN.", "dzzQrS7Yxxk-00087-00049236-00049968": "The equivalent for each statement would be if I created intNums to be an array holding the", "dzzQrS7Yxxk-00088-00049968-00050706": "integers one, two, three, four, five, and then I said for each intN as integer in intNums,", "dzzQrS7Yxxk-00089-00050892-00051210": "uh, and then the statement block would be exactly the same,", "dzzQrS7Yxxk-00090-00051210-00051540": "and then I type next intN. Exactly the same thing.", "dzzQrS7Yxxk-00091-00051540-00052326": "Now, when I do it like this right, when, I'm using, um, when I'm typing everything out and", "dzzQrS7Yxxk-00092-00052326-00052884": "using integers with this sort of pattern right, here where there's a beginning, there's an end,", "dzzQrS7Yxxk-00093-00052884-00053417": "and there's a particular step, it does look like extra work, which it really kind of is.", "dzzQrS7Yxxk-00094-00053417-00053879": "But what I'm actually trying to show off right here is that these two loops,", "dzzQrS7Yxxk-00095-00053879-00054162": "under the hood, are actually exactly the same.", "dzzQrS7Yxxk-00096-00054234-00054840": "What happens here up here is that Visual Basic kind of creates a collection", "dzzQrS7Yxxk-00097-00054960-00055691": "holding all of the numbers one to five, and then treats both of these cases exactly the same.", "dzzQrS7Yxxk-00098-00055829-00056238": "But there's really not much of a difference between doing one", "dzzQrS7Yxxk-00099-00056238-00056729": "to five like this and actually passing in a array of integers.", "dzzQrS7Yxxk-00100-00056729-00057264": "There is some difference. There's some, uh, places where there is a bit of a difference,", "dzzQrS7Yxxk-00101-00057264-00057858": "but, fundamentally, they're doing the same thing. That's what I want to focus on here.", "dzzQrS7Yxxk-00102-00057858-00058404": "And I think when I go back to the rates example, you might see,", "dzzQrS7Yxxk-00103-00058517-00059129": "uh, how dramatic the difference can actually be when you're typing things out,", "dzzQrS7Yxxk-00104-00059129-00059466": "why the for each statement can make quite a bit of a difference.", "dzzQrS7Yxxk-00105-00059567-00059916": "Alright, so here's a comparison between the for next statement", "dzzQrS7Yxxk-00106-00059916-00060360": "version of this traversal and the for each next version of this traversal.", "dzzQrS7Yxxk-00107-00060360-00060786": "Uh, the for next version you've already seen, so I won't focus on that so much.", "dzzQrS7Yxxk-00108-00060786-00061266": "But the for each next is the new and fun one, so let's take a look at it.", "dzzQrS7Yxxk-00109-00061266-00061866": "What I'm saying here is, uh, for each strCurRate, which will be a string", "dzzQrS7Yxxk-00110-00061950-00062766": "that is contained in string rates, add that strCurRate into my list rates items collection.", "dzzQrS7Yxxk-00111-00062891-00063570": "So this statement here says take every string in string rates one at a time in order.", "dzzQrS7Yxxk-00112-00063660-00064067": "Take the current string that I'm looking at, store that in the variable strCurRate,", "dzzQrS7Yxxk-00113-00064067-00064734": "and then do whatever I want to in within this loop using that name, strCurRate.", "dzzQrS7Yxxk-00114-00064734-00065088": "And then strCurRate is the string containing two percent at first.", "dzzQrS7Yxxk-00115-00065148-00065412": "Here, it gets added directly into the items collection,", "dzzQrS7Yxxk-00116-00065412-00065676": "so the items collection contains two percent.", "dzzQrS7Yxxk-00117-00065676-00066054": "And then, Next strCurRate will, uh,", "dzzQrS7Yxxk-00118-00066144-00066828": "tell Visual Basic to then put five percent, the string containing five percent, into strCurRate,", "dzzQrS7Yxxk-00119-00066828-00067116": "and so on and so forth. So that is the big difference right here.", "dzzQrS7Yxxk-00120-00067116-00067788": "But we don't have to index at all like we do with the for next version of this.", "dzzQrS7Yxxk-00121-00067788-00068148": "So there are times where this can make a pretty big difference,", "dzzQrS7Yxxk-00122-00068148-00069072": "uh, especially if you have to do a lot of indexing, so that can be a pretty helpful tool.", "dzzQrS7Yxxk-00123-00069072-00069564": "However, there are also times where you do need to use the index. For example,", "dzzQrS7Yxxk-00124-00069564-00070032": "if you are working with multiple arrays in parallel, and we'll talk about that", "dzzQrS7Yxxk-00125-00070032-00070464": "later in the chapter, but, in that case, you can't actually use a for each loop.", "dzzQrS7Yxxk-00126-00070464-00070848": "So it's another tool in your toolbox, sort of like how for, uh,", "dzzQrS7Yxxk-00127-00070848-00071478": "for loops are another tool into in your toolbox when working with looping things in general.", "dzzQrS7Yxxk-00128-00071628-00071808": "Alright, well that is array traversal,", "dzzQrS7Yxxk-00129-00071898-00072594": "um, just a word about how to most effectively go through every element", "dzzQrS7Yxxk-00130-00072594-00073134": "in an array when you're trying to work with the things that you actually have in there.", "dzzQrS7Yxxk-00131-00073134-00073464": "So it's a very helpful technique. But you always", "dzzQrS7Yxxk-00132-00073464-00073758": "want to use loops in order to work with your arrays."}}, {"audio_id": "dzOMniVJ310", "text": {"dzOMniVJ310-00000-00000008-00000272": "welcome to the speak your success podcast", "dzOMniVJ310-00001-00001544-00002240": "what's going on successors and welcome to the speak your success podcast", "dzOMniVJ310-00002-00002240-00002872": "i'm your host jonathan jones and today oh man today i want to bring you a relevant topic for", "dzOMniVJ310-00003-00002872-00003400": "this time because those you have been followers of the speaker success podcast for some time", "dzOMniVJ310-00004-00003528-00004008": "you know typically i focus the message on serving and supporting young professionals and", "dzOMniVJ310-00005-00004008-00004496": "providing tangible self-help strategies to help the individual who's an aspiring", "dzOMniVJ310-00006-00004496-00004944": "entrepreneur to help the individual who is a young professional navigating their way just", "dzOMniVJ310-00007-00005032-00005560": "through the corporate climb if you will um but now just you know with", "dzOMniVJ310-00008-00005560-00005888": "everything that's been happening with the pandemic today i want to take a moment", "dzOMniVJ310-00009-00006104-00006800": "and i want to focus on how to show empathy yeah yeah i want to talk about how to show empathy", "dzOMniVJ310-00010-00006800-00007472": "because i think now's the time in society and now is the time that if we're not careful we can step", "dzOMniVJ310-00011-00007472-00008168": "on somebody's toes but even worse than that we can offend people in a really really negative way", "dzOMniVJ310-00012-00008264-00008888": "so i wanted to bring this topic to the surface because i was on a call the other night and it's", "dzOMniVJ310-00013-00008888-00009664": "called the catalyst school live shout out to coach dr brett mccabe and he brought on coach", "dzOMniVJ310-00014-00009664-00010304": "murphy from the university of alabama university alabama softball team and this dude is man he's", "dzOMniVJ310-00015-00010304-00010744": "like next level when it comes to winning when it comes to tradition when it comes to", "dzOMniVJ310-00016-00010744-00011256": "just doing things at a very high level and and i reached out to him and i said coach", "dzOMniVJ310-00017-00011256-00011792": "i said you know i work with student athletes and i said what is something that you feel", "dzOMniVJ310-00018-00011912-00012368": "student athletes are missing the mark on i said what's that area where you feel", "dzOMniVJ310-00019-00012368-00012863": "uh that that's not as talked about and he said john well one of the areas plain and simply could", "dzOMniVJ310-00020-00012863-00013368": "be just to show show empathy so i said okay well if that's that's what you say coach then", "dzOMniVJ310-00021-00013368-00013919": "that's we're going to roll with so today i want to talk about showing empathy and empathizing because", "dzOMniVJ310-00022-00013919-00014591": "now college students have lost their season or their season has been postponed or canceled", "dzOMniVJ310-00023-00014647-00015263": "um young professionals are working from the crib and for them some may have their jobs some may not", "dzOMniVJ310-00024-00015360-00015719": "and i wanted to cover this topic because i feel like a lot of us are going to be having", "dzOMniVJ310-00025-00015719-00016184": "conversations in the next couple of weeks couple of months whatever the next couple the next year", "dzOMniVJ310-00026-00016184-00016848": "at least um and i don't want us to offend people right because that's the worst thing", "dzOMniVJ310-00027-00016944-00017400": "to do when somebody is already upset or somebody's already angry so let's go ahead", "dzOMniVJ310-00028-00017400-00018008": "and just get into the content today and i'm gonna give you just four steps on just how", "dzOMniVJ310-00029-00018112-00019016": "how to show empathy the first step the first step is just to listen hmm yeah just like just listen", "dzOMniVJ310-00030-00019152-00020024": "because it's it's it's really tough when somebody is sharing their feelings somebody sharing are", "dzOMniVJ310-00031-00020024-00020472": "opening up to you and they haven't opened up to anybody else about this particular topic", "dzOMniVJ310-00032-00020472-00020944": "but you're cutting them off in between and you're like wait no this didn't happen that", "dzOMniVJ310-00033-00020944-00021560": "didn't happen it's like nah bruh just shut up and just listen listen and hear them out", "dzOMniVJ310-00034-00021688-00022192": "and i know this this is an area that that that i can grow in from time to time depending on", "dzOMniVJ310-00035-00022192-00022840": "who we're talking about um because i'm grateful that that i've been married for almost a year now", "dzOMniVJ310-00036-00022840-00023408": "it was like eight months almost knocking on a year man we're getting there but there are", "dzOMniVJ310-00037-00023408-00024008": "times that that i'm not the best at empathizing so sometimes i have to tell myself johnny shut", "dzOMniVJ310-00038-00024008-00024448": "up you need to listen boy so first things first we have to learn we have to learn to just listen", "dzOMniVJ310-00039-00024552-00025152": "and just be present with the person just listen okay after we listen in", "dzOMniVJ310-00040-00025288-00025744": "then we want to connect we want to connect with what they're saying want to connect", "dzOMniVJ310-00041-00025744-00026152": "with what they're sharing we want to make sure that we're present and not distracted", "dzOMniVJ310-00042-00026304-00026808": "right imagine somebody sharing something near and dear to their heart imagine somebody", "dzOMniVJ310-00043-00026808-00027288": "sharing something that that's painful imagine somebody sharing something to where they didn't", "dzOMniVJ310-00044-00027288-00027808": "even want to talk about it in the first place and then your phone goes off and you checking", "dzOMniVJ310-00045-00027808-00028383": "notifications and you're tweeting people back and responding back to mentions on instagram like nah", "dzOMniVJ310-00046-00028600-00028904": "that would be the fastest way to lose a relationship", "dzOMniVJ310-00047-00029048-00029583": "that's one of those tough areas where you know we're we're plagued with so many distractions", "dzOMniVJ310-00048-00029768-00030280": "that we've created for ourselves if it be notifications if it be", "dzOMniVJ310-00049-00030456-00030768": "us wanting to go get something to eat in the middle of somebody talking", "dzOMniVJ310-00050-00030768-00031383": "like bruh if you're on a zoom meeting turn your camera off first before you get up and", "dzOMniVJ310-00051-00031383-00031912": "start running around the house people so we have to connect okay we listen and then we connect", "dzOMniVJ310-00052-00031968-00032400": "and and one way i like to consider connecting with the feelings like if somebody's talking", "dzOMniVJ310-00053-00032400-00032760": "about somebody that just died in their family or somebody's talking about them just losing", "dzOMniVJ310-00054-00032760-00033184": "the job as you're listening to them and like giving them the head nod and saying", "dzOMniVJ310-00055-00033440-00034032": "i hear you i'm listening you should not be smiling when they say that", "dzOMniVJ310-00056-00034088-00034696": "right because that's not connecting with their feelings that's doing the polar opposite so", "dzOMniVJ310-00057-00034696-00035592": "let's let's make sure that our response is ultimately matching what they're sharing", "dzOMniVJ310-00058-00035672-00035976": "right so that that's the that's the second part that the connect piece", "dzOMniVJ310-00059-00036248-00036784": "and then thirdly man we have to acknowledge we have to acknowledge what they're going", "dzOMniVJ310-00060-00036784-00037280": "through we don't try to debate what they're feeling we don't challenge their feelings", "dzOMniVJ310-00061-00037880-00038312": "we just want to acknowledge the pain yeah we just want to acknowledge the pain", "dzOMniVJ310-00062-00038464-00038920": "saying wow that could like that like that sounds like that's really painful for you", "dzOMniVJ310-00063-00038992-00039400": "that that sounds like that's a really difficult situation that you're having to deal with you", "dzOMniVJ310-00064-00039400-00040080": "just lost your season wow you just lost your job i can't man i don't even know what i'll", "dzOMniVJ310-00065-00040080-00040768": "do if i was in your situation that's man i i hate to hear that like that's tough we want to", "dzOMniVJ310-00066-00040768-00041376": "acknowledge what they're going through because we're in a time to where this is cancel culture", "dzOMniVJ310-00067-00041448-00042112": "and if anybody is on twitter you've seen how fast people will try to cancel individuals", "dzOMniVJ310-00068-00042184-00042712": "just up and down the timeline we've seen stuff about i'm not even going to drop name drop but", "dzOMniVJ310-00069-00042712-00043232": "we've seen a lot of people attempted to be cancelled here lately in the past couple of months", "dzOMniVJ310-00070-00043432-00043672": "but people are getting canceled because they feel that", "dzOMniVJ310-00071-00043896-00044368": "their emotions aren't being acknowledged they feel that their pain isn't being acknowledged they feel", "dzOMniVJ310-00072-00044368-00044816": "that their experience and their journey is not being acknowledged so we want to listen we want", "dzOMniVJ310-00073-00044816-00045512": "to connect we want to acknowledge and then lastly my friends the last thing is we want to support", "dzOMniVJ310-00074-00045704-00046200": "ask that individual after they share first you want to thank them for sharing you want to say", "dzOMniVJ310-00075-00046200-00046640": "wow thank you for for trusting me with that information thank you for sharing that with me", "dzOMniVJ310-00076-00046768-00047088": "and then ask them how can i support you in this", "dzOMniVJ310-00077-00047256-00047976": "is is there anything i can do for you right but don't ask unless you're unless you're", "dzOMniVJ310-00078-00047976-00048472": "serious about doing what they what they will require of you or what they will request of you", "dzOMniVJ310-00079-00048680-00049264": "but friends it's support and don't be afraid to necessarily ask that question because for some", "dzOMniVJ310-00080-00049264-00049792": "people support could look like you just being there with them just sitting there with them", "dzOMniVJ310-00081-00049792-00050456": "in it just being present in that moment for some of them it could be hey you just check on me every", "dzOMniVJ310-00082-00050456-00051016": "couple of weeks every couple of days just give me a call just shoot me a text like just see how i'm", "dzOMniVJ310-00083-00051016-00051744": "doing just just swing by support looks different for different people in different individuals but", "dzOMniVJ310-00084-00051744-00052048": "ultimately my friends i just want to share that with you all today because i feel like it's really", "dzOMniVJ310-00085-00052048-00052560": "going to help a lot of people um i feel like this is this is going to be something to where", "dzOMniVJ310-00086-00052776-00053336": "ultimately if you feel that it's beneficial or you know somebody who struggles with empathizing", "dzOMniVJ310-00087-00053336-00053800": "or you know somebody who struggles with just empathy as a whole i would encourage you to share", "dzOMniVJ310-00088-00053800-00054336": "this episode with them share this episode and then down the show notes i'm going to have uh i'm going", "dzOMniVJ310-00089-00054336-00055048": "to have like a a real or like a s not powerpoint but it's going to be a post from my instagram feed", "dzOMniVJ310-00090-00055048-00055536": "where it's going to detail these steps out just so people have access to it and they can just get", "dzOMniVJ310-00091-00055536-00056232": "quick and get right right to it and get right after it so friends um as always you all know", "dzOMniVJ310-00092-00056232-00056679": "that we appreciate you always listening if you feel that this podcast has added value to you", "dzOMniVJ310-00093-00056679-00057255": "i would greatly appreciate it if you just took the time to leave a helpful apple review just", "dzOMniVJ310-00094-00057255-00057928": "go in the purple icon type in speak your success then scroll down to the bottom after you subscribe", "dzOMniVJ310-00095-00058016-00058488": "and then click that button where it says write a review and leave us your thoughts", "dzOMniVJ310-00096-00058488-00058984": "leave us your feedback and you all know you can get at me on instagram on twitter", "dzOMniVJ310-00097-00059144-00059576": "uh just type in jonathan j speaks and then i'll pop up on all platforms", "dzOMniVJ310-00098-00059576-00060016": "youtube instagram twitter etc all that good stuff linkedin um", "dzOMniVJ310-00099-00060248-00060744": "but most importantly through this time i want to share this episode because i feel that", "dzOMniVJ310-00100-00060744-00061167": "this is content that's applicable this is content that's necessary and this is content", "dzOMniVJ310-00101-00061167-00061640": "that will serve and support people at a high level at this time but alright", "dzOMniVJ310-00102-00061640-00062079": "friends until next time this is tedx speaker and best-selling author jonathan jones reminding you", "dzOMniVJ310-00103-00062248-00063184": "to speak your success believe in your greatness and continue to create the life and business", "dzOMniVJ310-00104-00063248-00065224": "of your dreams why would you and why should you live any other way you"}}, {"audio_id": "dzb86pyF3gg", "text": {"dzb86pyF3gg-00000-00000000-00016600": "🌟 🇺🇸 Costumes For Women — Shop GrandStart.ru 🌟"}}, {"audio_id": "d-3hv0uC1r4", "text": {"d-3hv0uC1r4-00000-00000000-00012096": "[FREE] Roddy Rich Type Beat - \"Empire\" | Trap Instrumental"}}, {"audio_id": "d-jJjkyLaNA", "text": {"d-jJjkyLaNA-00000-00000000-00000374": "[Awful Music]", "d-jJjkyLaNA-00001-00000444-00000658": "Ralph: Welcome to \"Ralph's Cooking Show!\"", "d-jJjkyLaNA-00002-00000718-00000950": "Vanellope: I have no porpoise in life.", "d-jJjkyLaNA-00003-00000950-00001182": "ANGER RALPH: SHUSH VANILLAPEDE", "d-jJjkyLaNA-00004-00001390-00001518": "Ralph: Take the milkshake", "d-jJjkyLaNA-00005-00001558-00001670": "Ralph: OOOOH This is fun", "d-jJjkyLaNA-00006-00001716-00001905": "Rebbit: NOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOMNOM", "d-jJjkyLaNA-00007-00001930-00002198": "Vanellope: Relph, this is not a gucci idea", "d-jJjkyLaNA-00008-00002198-00002384": "ANGERY RELPH: SHUT UP VANILLAPEDE!!! 😡😡😡😡😡😡😡😡😡😡😡😡😡😡😡😡😡😡😡😡😡😡😡😡😡😡😡😡😡😡😡😡😡😡😡😡😡😡😡😡😡😡😡😡😡😡", "d-jJjkyLaNA-00009-00002702-00002870": "Vanellope: I have found my porpoise", "d-jJjkyLaNA-00010-00002924-00003006": "makesureyousubscribetocalamityinaction"}}, {"audio_id": "d-CPt_Ji9O4", "text": {"d-CPt_Ji9O4-00000-00000003-00000509": "jillian michaels in the news again two weeks ago she was bashing the keto diet", "d-CPt_Ji9O4-00001-00000509-00000917": "and this week she got herself into a little bit of hot water with the", "d-CPt_Ji9O4-00002-00000917-00001475": "CrossFit community we're gonna ask a 40-year veteran of bodybuilding former", "d-CPt_Ji9O4-00003-00001475-00001959": "pro bodybuilder and current MPC promoter Quincy Roberts what his thoughts from", "d-CPt_Ji9O4-00004-00001959-00003611": "CrossFit as a fitness modality been in Fitness myself over forty some years I", "d-CPt_Ji9O4-00005-00003611-00004059": "know the cost fit seems to be something that a lot of people really excited", "d-CPt_Ji9O4-00006-00004059-00004494": "about these people up moving and it's very popular because it's a coupe", "d-CPt_Ji9O4-00007-00004494-00004995": "atmosphere I do think people have to be careful because it's a lot of ballistic", "d-CPt_Ji9O4-00008-00004995-00005628": "type movements and if you convert easily injure joints and if you do that you may", "d-CPt_Ji9O4-00009-00005628-00006057": "go on for a long time I'm sure it's a lot of people that do it more safely", "d-CPt_Ji9O4-00010-00006057-00006447": "just when you're doing it you need to make sure you start our light and not", "d-CPt_Ji9O4-00011-00006447-00006927": "try to compete right off the start so if you're looking to get into fitness plan", "d-CPt_Ji9O4-00012-00006927-00007568": "I have a fitness plan for people who are sedentary people that have me medium", "d-CPt_Ji9O4-00013-00007568-00007992": "level fitness and people advanced them so I try to start everybody out of their", "d-CPt_Ji9O4-00014-00007992-00008579": "pace so you can contact me to prescribe into my video or contact me by my email", "d-CPt_Ji9O4-00015-00008579-00009240": "the QR elite at gmail.com or call my phone number three three six nine eight", "d-CPt_Ji9O4-00016-00009240-00009774": "seven four zero zero seven please don't forget to subscribe and like my video", "d-CPt_Ji9O4-00017-00009774-00010118": "and I'll see you next"}}, {"audio_id": "d-IzAsVQB54", "text": {"d-IzAsVQB54-00000-00000000-00000468": "Hello internet  Today we are going to", "d-IzAsVQB54-00001-00000468-00000672": "unpack and overview Ultrabook Tablet", "d-IzAsVQB54-00002-00000672-00000975": "Jumper EZpad 6.   EZpad 6 built on Quad Core Intel", "d-IzAsVQB54-00003-00000975-00001271": "Cherry Atom X5 processor, has 4GB", "d-IzAsVQB54-00004-00001271-00001526": "of RAM and 64GB of", "d-IzAsVQB54-00005-00001526-00001736": "internal memory with the support of", "d-IzAsVQB54-00006-00001736-00002166": "memory card up 128GB. Except the tablet", "d-IzAsVQB54-00007-00002166-00002369": "itself in the box you will find a", "d-IzAsVQB54-00008-00002369-00002556": "charger with 3 ampere output and", "d-IzAsVQB54-00009-00002556-00002969": "English/Chinese Manual. And nothing else.", "d-IzAsVQB54-00010-00002969-00003234": "That is all. For additional 50 bucks", "d-IzAsVQB54-00011-00003234-00003411": "you may also buy original", "d-IzAsVQB54-00012-00003411-00003714": "keyboard, of which we will speak few moments", "d-IzAsVQB54-00013-00003714-00004029": "later. Device has 11.6 inch IPS display", "d-IzAsVQB54-00014-00004029-00004323": "with FHD resolution, which has enough", "d-IzAsVQB54-00015-00004323-00004530": "brightness to work under the bright light", "d-IzAsVQB54-00016-00004530-00004701": "if you are looking strait at the display,", "d-IzAsVQB54-00017-00004701-00004884": "however if you are looking under certain", "d-IzAsVQB54-00018-00004884-00005100": "angles and light conditions the display", "d-IzAsVQB54-00019-00005100-00005259": "starting to darken making the tablet", "d-IzAsVQB54-00020-00005259-00005493": "very uncomfortable to use. Touchscreen is", "d-IzAsVQB54-00021-00005493-00005712": "quite responsive and supports up to 10", "d-IzAsVQB54-00022-00005712-00006023": "touches. EZpad supports micro HDMI, has", "d-IzAsVQB54-00023-00006023-00006228": "minijack for headphones, micro USB port", "d-IzAsVQB54-00024-00006228-00006576": "and slot for mini SD card. Charging is", "d-IzAsVQB54-00025-00006576-00006923": "carried out by very old DC Jack. If you", "d-IzAsVQB54-00026-00006923-00007115": "wish to transform your tablet into a", "d-IzAsVQB54-00027-00007115-00007308": "fully functional laptop and add two", "d-IzAsVQB54-00028-00007308-00007523": "additional USB ports on the sides", "d-IzAsVQB54-00029-00007523-00007700": "you may want to purchase detachable", "d-IzAsVQB54-00030-00007700-00007908": "keyboard.  All the keys are well pressed,", "d-IzAsVQB54-00031-00007908-00008133": "do not stagger in the nests and in", "d-IzAsVQB54-00032-00008133-00008382": "general the whole keyboard leaves only good", "d-IzAsVQB54-00033-00008382-00008643": "impressions. Touchpad is very responsive", "d-IzAsVQB54-00034-00008643-00008840": "and thanks to special cover allows the", "d-IzAsVQB54-00035-00008840-00009093": "finger to slide easily on the surface.  Do not", "d-IzAsVQB54-00036-00009093-00009275": "expect that the device will support some", "d-IzAsVQB54-00037-00009275-00009425": "heavy games or applications, however,", "d-IzAsVQB54-00038-00009425-00009792": "thanks to 8 Generation Intel HD GPU it", "d-IzAsVQB54-00039-00009792-00010097": "may run some 3-5 years old games. If you are", "d-IzAsVQB54-00040-00010097-00010304": "using the tablet for working or watching videos", "d-IzAsVQB54-00041-00010304-00010565": "this device will definitely suit you well.", "d-IzAsVQB54-00042-00010565-00010871": "EZpad 6 has 7000 mAh", "d-IzAsVQB54-00043-00010871-00011105": "lithium-polymer battery which means that", "d-IzAsVQB54-00044-00011105-00011387": "it will guarantee you from 6 to 7 hours", "d-IzAsVQB54-00045-00011387-00011642": "of screen time.  In total, the tablet is", "d-IzAsVQB54-00046-00011642-00011852": "quite alright and worth the price. It has", "d-IzAsVQB54-00047-00011852-00012113": "attractive in its simplicity design,", "d-IzAsVQB54-00048-00012113-00012431": "decent specs, responsive display, and very", "d-IzAsVQB54-00049-00012431-00012713": "nice keyboard and touch pad.", "d-IzAsVQB54-00050-00012713-00012899": "Among the drawbacks I noticed dim darken", "d-IzAsVQB54-00051-00012899-00013144": "display and the weight. Without keyboard", "d-IzAsVQB54-00052-00013144-00013415": "tablet weight more than 700 gr,", "d-IzAsVQB54-00053-00013415-00013802": "while with it almost 1.4 kilos or around", "d-IzAsVQB54-00054-00013802-00014075": "3 pounds.   And that is all for today.", "d-IzAsVQB54-00055-00014075-00014282": "I’m Elijah. If you want to purchase EZpad 6", "d-IzAsVQB54-00056-00014282-00014531": "follow the link in the description. Give us", "d-IzAsVQB54-00057-00014531-00014791": "your likes, subscribe to our channel and", "d-IzAsVQB54-00058-00014791-00014984": "turn the notifications if you want to see", "d-IzAsVQB54-00059-00014984-00015218": "more reviews of mine, and of course", "d-IzAsVQB54-00060-00015218-00015431": "leave your comments in the section bellow.", "d-IzAsVQB54-00061-00015431-00015520": "Thank you for watching and", "d-IzAsVQB54-00062-00015520-00016534": "Farewell!!!"}}, {"audio_id": "d-QQSzxlWjy", "text": {"d-QQSzxlWjy-00000-00000000-00000600": "Women are saying, \"Bernie, how does it happen that I work in an office, I work in a plant\"", "d-QQSzxlWjy-00001-00000600-00001600": "\"And I get paid 79 cents on the dollar compared to the guy in the other office, doing the same work?\"", "d-QQSzxlWjy-00002-00001700-00002400": "And you know what the answer to that question is? It is old fashioned sexism. That's what it is."}}, {"audio_id": "d_kpYfrcayA", "text": {"d_kpYfrcayA-00000-00001167-00001605": "Interviewer: Describe your area of expertise in geology.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00001-00001605-00002104": "Bob Christiansen: As a geologist I have worked for the survey most of my professional life,", "d_kpYfrcayA-00002-00002104-00002291": "really all of it since grad school.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00003-00002291-00002864": "And my work has always involved volcanoes in one way or another, sometimes explicitly", "d_kpYfrcayA-00004-00002864-00003415": "working directly on volcanoes, volcanology or geology of volcanoes, sometimes working", "d_kpYfrcayA-00005-00003415-00003686": "on tectonic problems that involve volcanic rocks, too.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00006-00003686-00004173": "So I’ve been very interested in how volcanoes and magnetism are related to tectonics.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00007-00004173-00004552": "So these are two areas that I’ve spent most of my career working on.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00008-00004552-00004896": "Ok and so where were you educated and what was your degree in…?", "d_kpYfrcayA-00009-00004896-00005364": "I graduated both as an undergraduate—my bachelor’s degree and my Ph.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00010-00005364-00005642": "D. were both Stanford.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00011-00005642-00005900": "I graduated in 1956, got my Ph.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00012-00005900-00006337": "D. in 1961 in Geology, not in volcano studies.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00013-00006337-00006945": "However, I was working in metamorphic petrology and structural geology at that time.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00014-00006945-00007322": "How was it that you began working in Yellowstone?", "d_kpYfrcayA-00015-00007322-00007964": "I was one of a group of people who started working in Yellowstone in 1965.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00016-00007964-00008518": "And the impetus for this was that Yellowstone had really not had a comprehensive geologic", "d_kpYfrcayA-00017-00008518-00008835": "study since the late 19th century, surprisingly enough.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00018-00008835-00009404": "There had been involved specific topical studies but there hadn’t really been an overall", "d_kpYfrcayA-00019-00009404-00009844": "comprehensive study of Yellowstone’s geology in the modern era.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00020-00009844-00010752": "So a group of us were tapped to undertake a new geologic map of Yellowstone.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00021-00010752-00010907": "We were divided into five teams.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00022-00010907-00011393": "And rather than just each one mapping his own area, which is often the way this sort", "d_kpYfrcayA-00023-00011393-00011899": "thing might have been done in a joint project like that—each person with a separate quadrangle—we", "d_kpYfrcayA-00024-00011899-00012317": "actually worked in topical areas within the overall framework of Yellowstone geology.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00025-00012317-00012799": "And so I was asked to organize a study of the young volcanic geology of Yellowstone.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00026-00012799-00013440": "So were was a group of people doing the early geology, the pre tertiary geology in the northern", "d_kpYfrcayA-00027-00013440-00013696": "part of the park, and a different group of people working in the southern part of the", "d_kpYfrcayA-00028-00013696-00014297": "park on the same kind of thing, another group working on the early tertiary rocks, which", "d_kpYfrcayA-00029-00014297-00015066": "is a completely different problem, and I and some colleagues worked on the quaternary volcanics,", "d_kpYfrcayA-00030-00015066-00015478": "the young volcanics, and then there was yet another group of people studying the glaciation", "d_kpYfrcayA-00031-00015478-00015754": "and related surficial geology.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00032-00015754-00016153": "In addition to that, there were some other topical studies that went on simultaneously,", "d_kpYfrcayA-00033-00016153-00016800": "including the geothermal studies that included drilling, isotopic studies, isotopic geochemistry,", "d_kpYfrcayA-00034-00016800-00017479": "which was usually coordinated with geologic studies that we were undertaking at that time.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00035-00017479-00018000": "It came about because their funding became available to do this through a cooperative", "d_kpYfrcayA-00036-00018000-00018514": "program involving the USGS, NASA and the Park Service.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00037-00018514-00018787": "Most of the money actually came from NASA.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00038-00018787-00019261": "And their interest in it was they were at that time just developing a lot of the remote", "d_kpYfrcayA-00039-00019261-00019938": "sensing instruments, which ultimately went into satellites and also into interplanetary", "d_kpYfrcayA-00040-00019938-00020106": "probes.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00041-00020106-00020606": "But they needed test areas where the geology was well known, where they can calibrate this", "d_kpYfrcayA-00042-00020606-00021114": "instrumentation, so most of this was done with some of the instruments flying in aircraft.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00043-00021114-00021600": "And then Yellowstone was one of several of these so-called ‘ground-truth’ areas and", "d_kpYfrcayA-00044-00021600-00022151": "that was the reason we got started on it at the time we did.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00045-00022151-00022734": "Describe how you felt the first time you saw LiDAR at Yellowstone.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00046-00022734-00023172": "Well, I mean, LiDAR is such a marvelous new technology.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00047-00023172-00023272": "When you see the imagery, its just different from any other kind of technology.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00048-00023272-00023587": "When you see the imagery, it’s just different from any other kind of imagery we have.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00049-00023587-00024118": "We had to have radar imagery and, of course, lots of different forms of aerial photography,", "d_kpYfrcayA-00050-00024118-00024737": "but this LiDAR imagery shows details of the ground surface that you simply cant see, sometimes", "d_kpYfrcayA-00051-00024737-00025231": "you cant even see on the field because the features themselves are bigger than what you’re", "d_kpYfrcayA-00052-00025231-00025625": "actually seeing right in front of you and other things like trees are in the way.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00053-00025625-00026456": "So when you actually see it that way, particularly when you are seeing it, as you suggest, it’s", "d_kpYfrcayA-00054-00026456-00026695": "quite a spectacular thing.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00055-00026695-00027160": "How many years did you work in Yellowstone?", "d_kpYfrcayA-00056-00027160-00027833": "Well I worked in Yellowstone intensively for a short time in the fall of 1956, but then", "d_kpYfrcayA-00057-00027833-00028581": "every summer for about three months, during the summer months from 1966 through 1971.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00058-00028581-00028904": "So that was really when the bulk of the geologic mapping was done.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00059-00028904-00029330": "And it was in Yellowstone and in some of the adjacent areas outside the park, because the", "d_kpYfrcayA-00060-00029330-00029839": "geology didn’t just magically stop at the straight-line park boundaries.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00061-00029839-00030231": "So it included work down into Jackson Hole and over into the eastern part of the Snake", "d_kpYfrcayA-00062-00030231-00030389": "River plain as well.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00063-00030389-00031079": "Then, after that, after doing other things and then interspersed with other USGS assignments", "d_kpYfrcayA-00064-00031079-00031730": "in one sort or another, I continued to work in Yellowstone for the next 25 years.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00065-00031730-00032258": "But usually then it was in shorter increments in the field, a lot more involved in looking", "d_kpYfrcayA-00066-00032258-00032992": "at the chemistry of rocks and thin sections and looking again at specific topical things,", "d_kpYfrcayA-00067-00032992-00033681": "more collaboration with other geologists on the geochemistry, and so forth.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00068-00033681-00034044": "What role did collaboration play in your work?", "d_kpYfrcayA-00069-00034044-00034613": "It was very essential, the interaction among the people working both in the field and then", "d_kpYfrcayA-00070-00034613-00035063": "with our other colleagues who were doing lab-type studies.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00071-00035063-00035674": "The whole project really came to fruition because of this very intensive collaboration", "d_kpYfrcayA-00072-00035674-00036635": "and the focus of a number of groups at the same time working on the same overall problem.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00073-00036635-00037146": "Were there epiphanies as the geologic story of Yellowstone began to unfold?", "d_kpYfrcayA-00074-00037146-00037827": "There were some epiphanies, so to speak, in terms of what we learned as we were going", "d_kpYfrcayA-00075-00037827-00038286": "through this, particularly during this initial period, this six years of intensive field", "d_kpYfrcayA-00076-00038286-00038685": "studies.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00077-00038685-00039300": "I was very fortunate in that my particular area of study, the young volcanic rocks, there", "d_kpYfrcayA-00078-00039300-00039744": "had been a fairly recent study, a Ph.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00079-00039744-00040496": "D. study by Joe Boyd, who became a geophysicist at the Carnegie institution’s geophysical", "d_kpYfrcayA-00080-00040496-00040596": "laboratory.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00081-00040596-00041033": "But his Ph.D. thesis had been to study some of these same rocks that I ended up studying", "d_kpYfrcayA-00082-00041033-00041277": "with some of my colleagues.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00083-00041277-00041473": "And he had done a wonderful job.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00084-00041473-00041852": "I mean considering that this was a thesis project and starting from scratch in an area", "d_kpYfrcayA-00085-00041852-00042258": "that had really not been looked at at all, he studied some of these young volcanic rocks", "d_kpYfrcayA-00086-00042258-00042575": "and he really came to some of the big conclusions.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00087-00042575-00043421": "That is to say, he recognized that the predominant rhyolitic rocks, particularly around the margins", "d_kpYfrcayA-00088-00043421-00044144": "of the park and the outer parts of the park, were pyroclastic rocks instead of lava flows.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00089-00044144-00044739": "And this was a very important thing, and he was the first person who really recognized", "d_kpYfrcayA-00090-00044739-00044977": "that in a big way.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00091-00044977-00045384": "In addition, he recognized that there must be some kind of—he called it a ‘volcano", "d_kpYfrcayA-00092-00045384-00045769": "tectonic depression’ that is to say, a structural depression in the central part of the park", "d_kpYfrcayA-00093-00045769-00046039": "somehow related to the eruption of these pyroclastics.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00094-00046039-00046641": "He didn’t have the full picture, what we now recognize as the Yellowstone caldera.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00095-00046641-00047206": "But there were still many things that he was not able to recognize in that study, and one", "d_kpYfrcayA-00096-00047206-00047716": "of our first big, in fact, really something we found on the first day we were in the field,", "d_kpYfrcayA-00097-00047716-00048258": "my colleague Dick Blank and I went out to look at a particular locality that Boyd had", "d_kpYfrcayA-00098-00048258-00048812": "described quite carefully and he had interpreted as a vent for some of these pyroclastic rocks", "d_kpYfrcayA-00099-00048812-00049039": "as welded tuffs.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00100-00049039-00049420": "It didn’t sound right to us from his description, but it sounded like an important locality,", "d_kpYfrcayA-00101-00049420-00049520": "so we went there.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00102-00049520-00050008": "And on the very first day we recognized that rather than being a vent for the Yellowstone", "d_kpYfrcayA-00103-00050008-00050562": "tuff, as he called it, it was two different ash flow tuff units, different in age, and", "d_kpYfrcayA-00104-00050562-00051089": "one had been eroded and the other one had filled in some paleotopography that had been", "d_kpYfrcayA-00105-00051089-00051241": "folded in that older unit.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00106-00051241-00051713": "So from the very first day we got there, we realized we were dealing with more than one", "d_kpYfrcayA-00107-00051713-00051894": "major pyroclastic eruption.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00108-00051894-00052307": "It turns out that we were three of these major pyroclastic eruptions, separated in time by", "d_kpYfrcayA-00109-00052307-00052679": "700,000 or 800,000 years or so.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00110-00052679-00053232": "Okay Bob, so tell me what tools did you use in the field?", "d_kpYfrcayA-00111-00053232-00053417": "Yes.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00112-00053417-00053801": "The tools that I used in the work that I was doing, the work I was doing really was the", "d_kpYfrcayA-00113-00053801-00053976": "basic geologic mapping.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00114-00053976-00054549": "The focus of the study was the volcanic geology, but the tool was really geologic mapping.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00115-00054549-00055344": "So we used topographic maps, aerial photographs, Brunton compasses to measure various structural", "d_kpYfrcayA-00116-00055344-00055854": "elements, rock hammers to collect samples, which of course were very important to us,", "d_kpYfrcayA-00117-00055854-00056318": "which would later be either age determinations that we’ve done on them or chemical analysis", "d_kpYfrcayA-00118-00056318-00056610": "done on thin sections cut.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00119-00056610-00057225": "And so collecting samples, putting lines on the maps, working primarily from air photographs", "d_kpYfrcayA-00120-00057225-00057725": "originally, and then of course, during the non field times, a lot of it involved the", "d_kpYfrcayA-00121-00057725-00058167": "use of various ways of getting the information from the aerial photographs accurately on", "d_kpYfrcayA-00122-00058167-00058687": "the topographic maps to actually create the geologic maps as such.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00123-00058687-00059395": "Following the fieldwork tell me how the data was worked up and published", "d_kpYfrcayA-00124-00059395-00060014": "The idea was, of course, each of these five sort of field-oriented topical studies that", "d_kpYfrcayA-00125-00060014-00060504": "were part of the comprehensive geologic framework of Yellowstone, each of these would be published", "d_kpYfrcayA-00126-00060504-00061008": "separately but brought together in a series of US geological survey publications, professional", "d_kpYfrcayA-00127-00061008-00061179": "papers.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00128-00061179-00061822": "And so they got published at different times over a long interval of time.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00129-00061822-00062247": "And mine was actually the last of these to be published because a great deal of further", "d_kpYfrcayA-00130-00062247-00062779": "work after that initial intensive period of field study went into that professional paper.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00131-00062779-00063017": "So all of the fieldwork was done.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00132-00063017-00063724": "The bulk of it, probably 85% or 90% of the work, was done from 1966 to 1971.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00133-00063724-00064008": "The publication didn’t come out until 2001.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00134-00064008-00064577": "So there was really a period of 30 years of additional fieldwork and additional studies", "d_kpYfrcayA-00135-00064577-00065070": "and interruptions in the work with other things taking place, all the while working on this", "d_kpYfrcayA-00136-00065070-00065227": "professional paper.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00137-00065227-00065445": "It got to be something of an albatross after a while.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00138-00065445-00065888": "But that’s the way these things often turn out.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00139-00065888-00066206": "Was there any pressure to public your work?", "d_kpYfrcayA-00140-00066206-00067045": "I had a great deal of interest in the publication and I distributed preliminary working copies", "d_kpYfrcayA-00141-00067045-00067670": "of it over a period of years, as revisions of the manuscript took place, to many colleagues", "d_kpYfrcayA-00142-00067670-00068271": "including not just USGS colleagues but particularly our colleague Bob Smith at the University", "d_kpYfrcayA-00143-00068271-00068473": "of Utah, who’s a geophysicist.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00144-00068473-00068961": "He and his students were doing a lot of work during this time of this later phase of my", "d_kpYfrcayA-00145-00068961-00069869": "work, but they were very interested in having the publication from the overall study of", "d_kpYfrcayA-00146-00069869-00070010": "the volcanic geology.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00147-00070010-00070518": "And so they were among the people I shared early versions of it with and ultimately had", "d_kpYfrcayA-00148-00070518-00070981": "been able to give the final publications to.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00149-00070981-00071427": "How was it revealed that there were three calderas?", "d_kpYfrcayA-00150-00071427-00072198": "We weren’t fully able to delineate the caldera structures until the mapping was pretty well", "d_kpYfrcayA-00151-00072198-00072368": "complete.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00152-00072368-00072681": "As the work evolved, we got parts of the picture.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00153-00072681-00073354": "I would say, within the first two summers we had a pretty good idea of the Yellowstone", "d_kpYfrcayA-00154-00073354-00073631": "caldera, which is the youngest of the three.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00155-00073631-00074100": "And we realized that it had two resurgent domes.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00156-00074100-00074505": "One of a class of calderas is called ‘resurgent calderas’, which means that magma coming", "d_kpYfrcayA-00157-00074505-00075117": "back into the near surface, after the initial partial emptying of the magma chamber and", "d_kpYfrcayA-00158-00075117-00075618": "collapse on the surface to form the caldera, came back into it and domed up what had been", "d_kpYfrcayA-00159-00075618-00075910": "the caldera floor into a structural dome.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00160-00075910-00076677": "And this class of calderas had been identified by another Bob Smith who works for the USGS", "d_kpYfrcayA-00161-00076677-00077161": "and his colleague, Roy Bailey, and had been recognized in many places around the world", "d_kpYfrcayA-00162-00077161-00077349": "in these large calderas.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00163-00077349-00077720": "But this is the first time, I think, that we recognized one that actually had had these", "d_kpYfrcayA-00164-00077720-00078024": "two separate structural domes as part of a single caldera.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00165-00078024-00078706": "So it was simply so large that the magma had generated what amounts to two-ring fracture", "d_kpYfrcayA-00166-00078706-00079108": "zones that had partially coalesced.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00167-00079108-00079656": "We recognized that probably in broad outline after about the second field summer.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00168-00079656-00080045": "But we really didn’t have the full picture of all the calderas until the geologic mapping", "d_kpYfrcayA-00169-00080045-00080145": "was completed.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00170-00080145-00080818": "And that’s the important thing to realize is that the real structure, understanding", "d_kpYfrcayA-00171-00080818-00081416": "these calderas, where they were and the fact that there were these several calderas, was", "d_kpYfrcayA-00172-00081416-00081916": "learn on the basis of in-the-field mapping, geologic mapping.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00173-00081916-00082577": "There is a sort of apocryphal story that has gone around in many different forms that somehow", "d_kpYfrcayA-00174-00082577-00082883": "NASA discovered these from space.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00175-00082883-00083327": "And I think that stems from this idea that NASA was partially sponsoring this work and", "d_kpYfrcayA-00176-00083327-00083916": "funding a major part of it as part of their ground trothing of remote sensing instruments.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00177-00083916-00084177": "But they did not discover the calderas.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00178-00084177-00084763": "The calderas were discovered on the ground by traditional field geologic mapping.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00179-00084763-00085351": "Just to be clear what was the USGS role in this science?", "d_kpYfrcayA-00180-00085351-00085612": "The USGS' role in all of this was really central.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00181-00085612-00086050": "I mean, we were the people doing the fieldwork.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00182-00086050-00086398": "We collaborated very closely with both the Park Service and NASA.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00183-00086398-00086941": "NASA basically provided funding and did some of the remote sensing instrumentation--or", "d_kpYfrcayA-00184-00086941-00087483": "observation, which we then utilized in some of our work.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00185-00087483-00088077": "We looked at the infrared images, radar things, some of the aerial photography they took.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00186-00088077-00088735": "We worked on analyzing some of that date for NASA so that they could utilize, again, to", "d_kpYfrcayA-00187-00088735-00089316": "use the sort of ground-truth concept, in understanding the nature of the data they were getting with", "d_kpYfrcayA-00188-00089316-00089416": "these instruments.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00189-00089416-00090027": "Sot he USGS was really doing the hands-on work of what was in the field and relating", "d_kpYfrcayA-00190-00090027-00090218": "the field work to the imagery.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00191-00090218-00091181": "The Park Services roll was primarily in wanted a comprehensive study done for their own interpretive", "d_kpYfrcayA-00192-00091181-00091614": "programs so that they would have better, newer information that they could pass on to the", "d_kpYfrcayA-00193-00091614-00091714": "public.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00194-00091714-00092701": "And so they were very active in having us work with their staff, for example, in giving", "d_kpYfrcayA-00195-00092701-00093249": "them background talks and that sort of thing and actually working with some of the naturalists", "d_kpYfrcayA-00196-00093249-00093667": "in how to present some of it.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00197-00093667-00094368": "But, really, I would say that it’s the USGS that was in the active partner in actually", "d_kpYfrcayA-00198-00094368-00094855": "doing most of the work onsite.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00199-00094855-00095466": "So were there seminal publications for USGS findings at Yellowstone?", "d_kpYfrcayA-00200-00095466-00096047": "Ok, one of the first publication that I think caught some general attention was one that", "d_kpYfrcayA-00201-00096047-00096883": "was published in 1975 in the journal Science, and it was an attempt to bring together what", "d_kpYfrcayA-00202-00096883-00097380": "we had learned now in the basis of our initial period of field work and understanding the", "d_kpYfrcayA-00203-00097380-00097939": "general picture of the volcanic evolution of Yellowstone in the latest Cenozoic time—say,", "d_kpYfrcayA-00204-00097939-00098582": "in the last 2 million years, roughly—and bringing that together with the geophysical", "d_kpYfrcayA-00205-00098582-00099080": "data, which had also been acquired during the same period of time using some of the", "d_kpYfrcayA-00206-00099080-00099180": "same sources of funding.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00207-00099180-00099751": "So we had a new geologic map, we had a new gravity map; we had a new aeromagnetic map.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00208-00099751-00100170": "A certain number of seismic studies had been done that is earth passive studies, studying", "d_kpYfrcayA-00209-00100170-00100494": "earthquake distribution seismicity in the park.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00210-00100494-00101261": "And so bringing this information together and interpreting it enabled us to interpret", "d_kpYfrcayA-00211-00101261-00101869": "not only the surface geology but how it was related to what we had felt was the subsurface", "d_kpYfrcayA-00212-00101869-00102069": "magmatic system.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00213-00102069-00102636": "And so this brought together, I think for the first time, in a paper published in 1975", "d_kpYfrcayA-00214-00102636-00103240": "in which we felt that we had in a number of ways at least partially imaged the magma chamber", "d_kpYfrcayA-00215-00103240-00103922": "that underlies Yellowstone and is both the source of the major volcanic eruptions that", "d_kpYfrcayA-00216-00103922-00104329": "have occurred there over this 2 million year period and the major source of the geothermal", "d_kpYfrcayA-00217-00104329-00104978": "heat which, of course, is what Yellowstone is best known for is its hydrothermal system.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00218-00104978-00105568": "How was Gordy Eaton involved in this journal of Science publication?", "d_kpYfrcayA-00219-00105568-00106205": "The person who actually brought this paper together, that is, fathered the various elements", "d_kpYfrcayA-00220-00106205-00106705": "of the data, particularly the geophysical data, and worked with me then on the geologic", "d_kpYfrcayA-00221-00106705-00106918": "interpretation of it, was Gordon Eaton.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00222-00106918-00107739": "And at that time, Gordy was working in Reston for the USGS headquarters and was, I think,", "d_kpYfrcayA-00223-00107739-00108023": "a little frustrated by the fact that he wasn’t able to do much fieldwork.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00224-00108023-00108468": "But when he started to see some of this geophysical data, particularly the gravity map that had", "d_kpYfrcayA-00225-00108468-00109018": "just been compiled, he became really excited about it and recognized that the gravity map", "d_kpYfrcayA-00226-00109018-00109475": "itself was showing a big subsurface system related to the Yellowstone caldera.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00227-00109475-00110183": "And so he was the one who sort of then gathered together the other geophysical information", "d_kpYfrcayA-00228-00110183-00110426": "and worked with me on the geologic interpretation.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00229-00110426-00111101": "So Gordon Eaton was the primary author of that multi authored paper, all the USGS people,", "d_kpYfrcayA-00230-00111101-00111515": "however, who were contributing to it.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00231-00111515-00111881": "When did it become apparent that the caldera was inflating?", "d_kpYfrcayA-00232-00111881-00112594": "Yeah, probably one of he most interesting additional pieces of data that came along", "d_kpYfrcayA-00233-00112594-00113043": "after this period of time we’ve been describing with the early field work with more or less", "d_kpYfrcayA-00234-00113043-00113574": "the completion of the initial geologic studies and doing the geophysical interpretations", "d_kpYfrcayA-00235-00113574-00114008": "that helped understand the subsurface part of it.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00236-00114008-00114695": "Bob smith at the university of Utah was interested in seeing if we could look for signs of contemporary", "d_kpYfrcayA-00237-00114695-00115005": "deformation in the Yellowstone caldera.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00238-00115005-00115486": "He had recognized some of these indications, particularly changes in the lake levels in", "d_kpYfrcayA-00239-00115486-00115851": "different pats of Yellowstone Lake, which is a very large lake.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00240-00115851-00116473": "And because it’s so large, and of course water tending to always seek a level, he felt", "d_kpYfrcayA-00241-00116473-00116891": "that there was indications that the lake basin itself was being tilted.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00242-00116891-00117566": "And because of this, the lake level was rising at one end of the lake and falling at the", "d_kpYfrcayA-00243-00117566-00117750": "other end of the lake.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00244-00117750-00118089": "And he was interested in seeing whether we could actually measure this by some direct", "d_kpYfrcayA-00245-00118089-00118198": "means.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00246-00118198-00118619": "So one of the things I did—at that time I was in an administrative position in the", "d_kpYfrcayA-00247-00118619-00118719": "survey.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00248-00118719-00119145": "I was the coordinator of the USGS geothermal program.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00249-00119145-00120058": "I managed to get funding together to get the USGS topographic division involved in re-leveling.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00250-00120058-00120723": "They had leveled the road network in the park, that is, surveyed it using level instruments", "d_kpYfrcayA-00251-00120723-00121183": "which gave a series of elevations on all the roads in the park back in the 1920s—I think", "d_kpYfrcayA-00252-00121183-00121491": "’24 or ’25, if I remember correctly.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00253-00121491-00121766": "And there had not been a re-leveling since that time.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00254-00121766-00122221": "We felt that, with as much deformation as there appeared to be based on these lake level", "d_kpYfrcayA-00255-00122221-00122582": "changes, that there should be measurable changes in elevations in the park.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00256-00122582-00123210": "So we finally got the funding together and got that survey done, and the data was provided", "d_kpYfrcayA-00257-00123210-00123552": "to Bob Smith and his group at the University of Utah.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00258-00123552-00124318": "And they in turn integrated all this material into a series of elevation changes, the map", "d_kpYfrcayA-00259-00124318-00124839": "of elevation changes throughout the caldera, and demonstrated that, in fact, the caldera,", "d_kpYfrcayA-00260-00124839-00125442": "in the roughly 50-year period of time between these two surveys, had come up nearly two", "d_kpYfrcayA-00261-00125442-00125888": "meters in the center in a large broad, dome shaped configuration.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00262-00125888-00126421": "So it was a dome shaped uplift that had taken place during these 50 years, a rather spectacular", "d_kpYfrcayA-00263-00126421-00127082": "amount of uplift, indicating that the magmatic system in some form was active.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00264-00127082-00127588": "Either the magma was actually intruding the crust or it was heating the hydrothermal system,", "d_kpYfrcayA-00265-00127588-00127863": "causing it to expand and elevate the crust.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00266-00127863-00128142": "Something was going on.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00267-00128142-00128683": "Subsequent to that, there had been additional surveys, which showed that, in fact, after", "d_kpYfrcayA-00268-00128683-00129328": "a period of continued uplift over the next decade or so, there then was a period of stability", "d_kpYfrcayA-00269-00129328-00129600": "for about a year, and then there was subsidence.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00270-00129600-00130079": "So we now know that the Yellowstone caldera is simply going up but it does up and down", "d_kpYfrcayA-00271-00130079-00130511": "in a sort of breathing motion, apparently, at times.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00272-00130511-00131026": "Its overall deformation does seem to be an inflationary one, but it’s not a steady", "d_kpYfrcayA-00273-00131026-00131407": "sort of thing, and there are, in fact, grades of deflection.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00274-00131407-00131826": "How does the Yellowstone story fit in with things like Columbia River flood basalts in", "d_kpYfrcayA-00275-00131826-00131937": "the wets?", "d_kpYfrcayA-00276-00131937-00132073": "Ok, yeah.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00277-00132073-00132836": "Yellowstone, we now understand, is the contemporary expression of a system that has been active", "d_kpYfrcayA-00278-00132836-00133563": "in the earth’s uppermost layers, in the upper mantel and lower crust, that has been", "d_kpYfrcayA-00279-00133563-00134075": "magmatic ally active over a period of at least 17 million years.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00280-00134075-00134637": "The earliest expression of this appears to have been related to the vast outpouring of", "d_kpYfrcayA-00281-00134637-00135320": "basaltic magmas in the form of big basalt lava flows that covered the Columbia River", "d_kpYfrcayA-00282-00135320-00135457": "plateau.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00283-00135457-00136194": "Most of them erupted from the eastern part of the plateau, in the northern rocky mountains", "d_kpYfrcayA-00284-00136194-00136863": "of western Idaho and eastern Washington, but flowed across the Columbia River plateau,", "d_kpYfrcayA-00285-00136863-00137402": "essentially filled the plateau, and spilled through the Columbia gorge out to the coastal", "d_kpYfrcayA-00286-00137402-00137626": "region along into the sea.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00287-00137626-00138114": "So this vast outpouring of basalts over a very short period of time—really the biggest", "d_kpYfrcayA-00288-00138114-00138714": "bulk of those came out during less than a million years, around 17 million years ago", "d_kpYfrcayA-00289-00138714-00138953": "roughly.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00290-00138953-00139104": "That was the first expression of this.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00291-00139104-00139836": "But then the later expressions have been more or less along a linear trend, which is now", "d_kpYfrcayA-00292-00139836-00140506": "represented by the eastern snake river plain, beginning at southwestern Idaho about 14 or", "d_kpYfrcayA-00293-00140506-00141263": "15 million years ago and continuing through southeastern Idaho, right up to the Idaho", "d_kpYfrcayA-00294-00141263-00141500": "border, and then into Wyoming.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00295-00141500-00141977": "And as I say, the current expression of this so-called hot spot is the Yellowstone plateau", "d_kpYfrcayA-00296-00141977-00142127": "magmatic system.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00297-00142127-00142790": "But we can find evidence that similar systems of mainly rhyolitic magmas but associated", "d_kpYfrcayA-00298-00142790-00143736": "basalts of earlier ages form a chain of calderas now buried by younger basaltic lavas along", "d_kpYfrcayA-00299-00143736-00143881": "the eastern Snake River plain.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00300-00143881-00144504": "So the origin of this so-called hot spot is a subject of great contemporary interest and", "d_kpYfrcayA-00301-00144504-00144732": "some dispute in geologic literature.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00302-00144732-00145250": "What is the connection between the Grand Tetons and Yellowstone?", "d_kpYfrcayA-00303-00145250-00145904": "Yellowstone, although it’s actually in the Rocky Mountains, is really much more related", "d_kpYfrcayA-00304-00145904-00146417": "to the basin and range province than it is to what we typically think of as Rocky Mountains", "d_kpYfrcayA-00305-00146417-00146517": "geology.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00306-00146517-00147056": "Rocky mountain geology for the most part goes back to what we call ‘laramide’ and earlier,", "d_kpYfrcayA-00307-00147056-00147720": "which is the latest Mesozoic, let’s say roughly 65 million years ago to something", "d_kpYfrcayA-00308-00147720-00148237": "back even 70 million years and earlier.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00309-00148237-00148517": "So that geology is sort of a framework.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00310-00148517-00149204": "But the basin and range geology, which is mostly expressed in Nevada and western Utah", "d_kpYfrcayA-00311-00149204-00150042": "and surrounding parts of Oregon and Idaho, actually encroaches into the central and northern", "d_kpYfrcayA-00312-00150042-00150165": "Rocky Mountains.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00313-00150165-00150813": "And Yellowstone is right where that impingement of the basin and range tectonics—ongoing,", "d_kpYfrcayA-00314-00150813-00151551": "active tectonics, extensional faulting and spreading of the earth’s crusts—intersects", "d_kpYfrcayA-00315-00151551-00151752": "with some of these pre-existing structures.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00316-00151752-00152492": "And so the Tetons as we see them now are an expression of this basin and range topography,", "d_kpYfrcayA-00317-00152492-00152980": "which in turn is an expression of basin and range faulting with Jackson hole being the", "d_kpYfrcayA-00318-00152980-00153385": "down-dropped black and the Tetons themselves as being the uplifted block.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00319-00153385-00153802": "If this were in the middle of Nevada, you would think of it as nothing different than", "d_kpYfrcayA-00320-00153802-00154699": "the Toiyabe range or some other range and valley system in the central great basin.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00321-00154699-00155302": "How has evolving technology affected your work?", "d_kpYfrcayA-00322-00155302-00155846": "My own work has been primarily on the geology, both the field geology and then looking at", "d_kpYfrcayA-00323-00155846-00156386": "some of the analytical work we do on samples collected in the field in both chemical and", "d_kpYfrcayA-00324-00156386-00156567": "age determination.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00325-00156567-00157019": "I’m working with colleagues on those things.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00326-00157019-00157622": "But most of the technological changes in what we’ve been able to do and been able to learn", "d_kpYfrcayA-00327-00157622-00158020": "about the Yellowstone magmatic system had been more in the geophysics.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00328-00158020-00158340": "So we now have much better seismology, for example.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00329-00158340-00158983": "We have digitals, a broadband seismic instrumentation, whereas we used to simply have analog, sometimes", "d_kpYfrcayA-00330-00158983-00159469": "just one-component, sometimes three-component seismometers.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00331-00159469-00159845": "Particularly the deformation studies, which we used to do primarily by leveling, are now", "d_kpYfrcayA-00332-00159845-00160207": "done by GPS measurements in the field.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00333-00160207-00160881": "And a number of other additional developments including things like using satellite photography,", "d_kpYfrcayA-00334-00160881-00161360": "comparing different satellite images and getting ‘interferograms’, as they’re called,", "d_kpYfrcayA-00335-00161360-00161964": "which show the difference and changes in surface features, which again reflects some of this", "d_kpYfrcayA-00336-00161964-00162675": "uplift and subsidence that we talked about in the Yellowstone caldera.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00337-00162675-00163139": "How did you collaborate with your USGS colleagues during fieldwork?", "d_kpYfrcayA-00338-00163139-00163808": "Well, certainly one of the joys of that period of time, particularly in the mid- to late", "d_kpYfrcayA-00339-00163808-00164611": "1960s when we were working as a group of teams really in the field, we frequently got together.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00340-00164611-00165101": "An even though we were working on different topical elements, there obviously are very", "d_kpYfrcayA-00341-00165101-00165378": "strong inter-relationships among them.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00342-00165378-00165997": "And so we were working with the people and getting together, both in a kind of in-the-field", "d_kpYfrcayA-00343-00165997-00166732": "socialization kind of thing as well as scientifically interacting with these other teams, in particular", "d_kpYfrcayA-00344-00166732-00167284": "with a group of people studying the geothermal systems, the hydrothermal activity.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00345-00167284-00168074": "Don White, Bob Fournier, Patrick Muffler, and Al Truesdale were the four people doing", "d_kpYfrcayA-00346-00168074-00168652": "physical and geochemical studies of the hydrothermal systems during this period of time.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00347-00168652-00169048": "And because that’s so intimately related to the young volcanism that was my primary", "d_kpYfrcayA-00348-00169048-00169552": "field of study, we spent a lot of time together and looking at each other’s work.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00349-00169552-00170282": "And seeing what each of us was learning separately helped the others to understand the framework", "d_kpYfrcayA-00350-00170282-00170382": "of their own work.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00351-00170382-00171173": "So it was a particularly good time, both scientifically and just in terms of good comradeship.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00352-00171173-00171562": "Did you learn things from the drilling that clarified the caldera story?", "d_kpYfrcayA-00353-00171562-00171662": "Yes.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00354-00171662-00172029": "One example of the kind of thing that we learned from the drilling studies, which of course", "d_kpYfrcayA-00355-00172029-00172925": "were done to study the hydrothermal system, but they made continuous core drilling of", "d_kpYfrcayA-00356-00172925-00173486": "the entire holes that they went into, which were sometimes just 100 feet of a few tens", "d_kpYfrcayA-00357-00173486-00174024": "of feet, and sometimes many hundreds of feet—the deepest one was, I think, 1300 feet—so these", "d_kpYfrcayA-00358-00174024-00174489": "were a great opportunity for us to see that some of the subsurface geology that was otherwise", "d_kpYfrcayA-00359-00174489-00174658": "inaccessible to us.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00360-00174658-00175256": "So not just the geophysical studies that were done, too, but some of the shallow subsurface", "d_kpYfrcayA-00361-00175256-00175503": "we were able to observe directly.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00362-00175503-00176234": "The most interesting aspect of this was a particular drill hole in the lower geyser", "d_kpYfrcayA-00363-00176234-00176910": "basin, or the midway geyser basin as it’s called, in the western part of the Yellowstone", "d_kpYfrcayA-00364-00176910-00177528": "where we had interpreted that there was a resurgent dome in the western part of the", "d_kpYfrcayA-00365-00177528-00178156": "caldera but could only see the young rocks that had covered the original caldera floor", "d_kpYfrcayA-00366-00178156-00178335": "being uplifted.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00367-00178335-00178729": "We were able to interpret the fact that there were actually two episodes of uplift, one", "d_kpYfrcayA-00368-00178729-00179087": "very close to the time of subsidence.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00369-00179087-00179348": "The caldera subsidence occurred very shortly afterwards.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00370-00179348-00179844": "There was inflation to form the resurgent dome on the basis of drill core that was put", "d_kpYfrcayA-00371-00179844-00180285": "down there that would show that there was, in fact, lava creek tuff, the 600,00-year-old", "d_kpYfrcayA-00372-00180285-00181034": "tuff, present within 10 meters of surface, within about 30 feet or so of the surface,", "d_kpYfrcayA-00373-00181034-00181358": "which was not to be seen at the surface anywhere.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00374-00181358-00181856": "We had expected it would be there, but actually have it and to get samples of it and be able", "d_kpYfrcayA-00375-00181856-00182405": "to know which unit it was and so forth was particularly useful thing to us in interpreting", "d_kpYfrcayA-00376-00182405-00182584": "structure of the caldera.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00377-00182584-00182988": "Did you encounter any wild animals during fieldwork?", "d_kpYfrcayA-00378-00182988-00183593": "We, meaning, Dick Blank and I, who did most of mapping in the young volcanics, were very", "d_kpYfrcayA-00379-00183593-00184041": "lucky in not having any serious encounters with wild animals.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00380-00184041-00184626": "We did encounter them and were able to move in such ways that they were never a direct", "d_kpYfrcayA-00381-00184626-00185193": "threat to us, but there were a few times when it became a little scary than you would really", "d_kpYfrcayA-00382-00185193-00185322": "like.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00383-00185322-00186052": "One episode I remember in particular with a field assistant, being out in a back country", "d_kpYfrcayA-00384-00186052-00186537": "area and coming up a trail on our way home after spending a long day in the field, being", "d_kpYfrcayA-00385-00186537-00187077": "very tired on our way down the trail on our way home, and here was a grizzly bear we came", "d_kpYfrcayA-00386-00187077-00187177": "around the corner.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00387-00187177-00187595": "There was a grizzly bear sitting right on the trail as we were headed there.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00388-00187595-00187999": "And as we came around the corner, this grizzly bear stood up and looked at us, and that was", "d_kpYfrcayA-00389-00187999-00188272": "not a particularly comforting sight.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00390-00188272-00188874": "Fortunately, the bear decided that we either weren’t interesting or he didn’t want", "d_kpYfrcayA-00391-00188874-00189431": "to mess with us—we certainly didn’t want to mess with him—so the bear turned around", "d_kpYfrcayA-00392-00189431-00189531": "and went away.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00393-00189531-00190128": "And after some misgivings we finally did decide to walk on down that trail.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00394-00190128-00190797": "So those near-encounters are entertaining, if you will, in retrospect, but we never felt", "d_kpYfrcayA-00395-00190797-00190978": "we were in direct danger.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00396-00190978-00191251": "Ah, you’re lucky.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00397-00191251-00191433": "Yeah, right.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00398-00191433-00191625": "There were other people who did have encounters.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00399-00191625-00192016": "And one of the things that—because of what we were doing, Dick Blank and I did not use", "d_kpYfrcayA-00400-00192016-00192116": "helicopters.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00401-00192116-00192259": "We did everything we did on foot.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00402-00192259-00192561": "However, some of the other people working in the park did use helicopters, and there", "d_kpYfrcayA-00403-00192561-00193173": "was one instance where the glacial geology crew actually were working with a helicopter.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00404-00193173-00193286": "The pilot decided to have his lunch in the helicopter one day, and so then when everybody", "d_kpYfrcayA-00405-00193286-00193386": "was off in the field, a bear got into the helicopter and there was one instance where", "d_kpYfrcayA-00406-00193386-00193486": "the glacial geology crew actually were working with a helicopter.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00407-00193486-00193869": "The pilot decided to have his lunch in the helicopter one day, and so then when everybody", "d_kpYfrcayA-00408-00193869-00194223": "was off in the field, a bear got into the helicopter and totally tore it up from the", "d_kpYfrcayA-00409-00194223-00194537": "inside, and in fact destroyed the helicopter basically.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00410-00194537-00195029": "So it had to be flow out with assistance later.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00411-00195029-00195649": "Did your family spend summers in Yellowstone as well?", "d_kpYfrcayA-00412-00195649-00196273": "During that first five or six summers of intensive field work, my family came out with me in", "d_kpYfrcayA-00413-00196273-00196428": "the field every summer.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00414-00196428-00196886": "So we would usually drive from Denver, where I was living at that time, up to Yellowstone,", "d_kpYfrcayA-00415-00196886-00197176": "which was for us typically a day-and-a-half's drive.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00416-00197176-00197476": "You could do it in a day, but we usually chose to extend a little bit.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00417-00197476-00197717": "So in a day and a half we would get up there.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00418-00197717-00197989": "The interesting part of this was we had two little boys.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00419-00197989-00198456": "We had twin boys who, the first summer we went up there in June, were about nine months", "d_kpYfrcayA-00420-00198456-00198556": "old.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00421-00198556-00198720": "So they were still crawling.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00422-00198720-00199232": "We were to have a brand-new government trailer as our permanent quarters, but it had not", "d_kpYfrcayA-00423-00199232-00199826": "yet arrived, so we were more or less stuck in what they called 'camper cabins' in the", "d_kpYfrcayA-00424-00199826-00199972": "Old Faithful area.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00425-00199972-00200649": "These were really kind of dinghy, old, concrete-floored log cabins heated only by a wood stove.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00426-00200649-00201023": "And the floors were so dirty my wife wouldn't let the boys crawl around on it.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00427-00201023-00201568": "So what she did was build a little playpen with suitcases around the double bed, and", "d_kpYfrcayA-00428-00201568-00202100": "the boys spent about the first week playing on this double bed.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00429-00202100-00202405": "And it turned out it rained a lot during that particular week, too.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00430-00202405-00202896": "So indoors was pretty much the order of the day everyday for several days in a row.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00431-00202896-00203446": "By the end of that week, my wife was somewhat near wit's end and when our brand-new house", "d_kpYfrcayA-00432-00203446-00203641": "trailer finally arrived.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00433-00203641-00204150": "So we all of a sudden moved into this trailer, which, probably if you had started directly", "d_kpYfrcayA-00434-00204150-00204573": "in that trailer would have seemed very cramped and small, but at that point it was clean", "d_kpYfrcayA-00435-00204573-00204842": "and new and big and it just looked wonderful to her.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00436-00204842-00205617": "So that was actually almost a slight benefit of having had to spend that rather miserable", "d_kpYfrcayA-00437-00205617-00205931": "first week in the camper cabin.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00438-00205931-00206312": "How old were your boys?", "d_kpYfrcayA-00439-00206312-00206705": "The boys were nine months old when we first went to Yellowstone.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00440-00206705-00207332": "They had their first birthday in the park before we came home in September of that year.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00441-00207332-00207726": "What were your favorite locations in Yellowstone?", "d_kpYfrcayA-00442-00207726-00208281": "I think a couple of my favorite locations in terms of geology--the park as a whole is", "d_kpYfrcayA-00443-00208281-00208839": "such a wonderful place that I don't have any particular favorites just in terms of what", "d_kpYfrcayA-00444-00208839-00209369": "areas I liked, but in terms of geology, there's one particular place that really stands out", "d_kpYfrcayA-00445-00209369-00209469": "is Mt.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00446-00209469-00209834": "Everts, which is an area just east of Mammoth Hot Springs.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00447-00209834-00210261": "And this is the locality I referred to earlier where Joe Boyd had thought there was a vent", "d_kpYfrcayA-00448-00210261-00210785": "for one of the welded tuffs, but where Dick Blank and I actually went on our first day", "d_kpYfrcayA-00449-00210785-00211485": "there and found that, in fact, what it is is a place where the base of the Huckleberry", "d_kpYfrcayA-00450-00211485-00212154": "Ridge tuff, the two-million-year-old tuff, is well-exposed sitting on gravels in a paleo-valley,", "d_kpYfrcayA-00451-00212154-00212926": "but then this whole thing had been cut through by a younger canyon of Lava Creek, and the", "d_kpYfrcayA-00452-00212926-00213403": "younger Lava Creek tuff, the 600,000-year tuff, had then come into the eroded surface", "d_kpYfrcayA-00453-00213403-00213523": "of the Huckleberry Ridge.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00454-00213523-00214016": "So what you can see there is the gravel at the base of Huckleberry Ridge on an erosional", "d_kpYfrcayA-00455-00214016-00214677": "surface, the Huckleberry Ridge itself, well-exposed with its vitrophyric base, its glassy base,", "d_kpYfrcayA-00456-00214677-00215351": "and then the erosion cut into it and the paleo-valley with the soil developed on it, and this younger", "d_kpYfrcayA-00457-00215351-00216099": "ash flow tuff that comes into it, actually incorporating talus off of the older flow", "d_kpYfrcayA-00458-00216099-00216576": "and having come in and chilled against it so you, again, get a glassy margin for the", "d_kpYfrcayA-00459-00216576-00216925": "younger flow where it contacted the older, pre-existing ground surface.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00460-00216925-00217373": "It's just a great place to see these kinds of relationships, and I've taken many geologists", "d_kpYfrcayA-00461-00217373-00217560": "there over the years.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00462-00217560-00217906": "Unfortunately it's a couple hours' walk to get in, but it's well worth it.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00463-00217906-00218006": "That's one of them.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00464-00218006-00218392": "The other one is Huckleberry Mountain, which is...", "d_kpYfrcayA-00465-00218392-00219069": "Huckleberry Ridge and Huckleberry Mountain are parts of the same topographic feature,", "d_kpYfrcayA-00466-00219069-00219502": "which is just outside the south entrance near when the Snake River comes out of the park", "d_kpYfrcayA-00467-00219502-00219617": "on the south side.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00468-00219617-00220133": "And, again, it's a fairly steep hike up to it but it's a spectacular exposure of the", "d_kpYfrcayA-00469-00220133-00220646": "Huckleberry Ridge tuff, the two-million-year-old tuff, which shows all three members which", "d_kpYfrcayA-00470-00220646-00221271": "were in place at slightly different times but form a single cooling unit in that area.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00471-00221271-00221689": "And you see the contacts between them, perfectly exposed in and what amounts to the head wall", "d_kpYfrcayA-00472-00221689-00222328": "of the landslide that has made a clean exposure of relationships that are ordinarily rather", "d_kpYfrcayA-00473-00222328-00222546": "obscure and hard to see in the trees.", "d_kpYfrcayA-00474-00222546-00222565": "END"}}, {"audio_id": "d_sQiJg0RVI", "text": {"d_sQiJg0RVI-00000-00000344-00000620": "To help a child learn about feelings,", "d_sQiJg0RVI-00001-00000620-00001132": "you can have fun making facial expressions  for different emotions.", "d_sQiJg0RVI-00002-00001200-00001468": "For example, you could ask,", "d_sQiJg0RVI-00003-00001468-00001728": "“How do you look when you’re happy?”", "d_sQiJg0RVI-00004-00001728-00002084": "and the child can show their happy face.", "d_sQiJg0RVI-00005-00002172-00002420": "Then you could smile and ask,", "d_sQiJg0RVI-00006-00002420-00003012": "“What feeling is this?” And the child can say, “Happy!”", "d_sQiJg0RVI-00007-00003032-00003360": "You can continue doing this with different emotions,", "d_sQiJg0RVI-00008-00003360-00004040": "like sad, silly, mad, or surprised.", "d_sQiJg0RVI-00009-00004084-00004832": "Doing this will help a child learn to  recognize and name feelings."}}, {"audio_id": "d_tZcbg1ldI", "text": {"d_tZcbg1ldI-00000-00000000-00000096": "Subscribe now", "d_tZcbg1ldI-00001-00000096-00000216": "dancesport video", "d_tZcbg1ldI-00002-00000216-00000266": "ballroom video", "d_tZcbg1ldI-00003-00000266-00000316": "panache star video", "d_tZcbg1ldI-00004-00000316-00000366": "subscribe now", "d_tZcbg1ldI-00005-00000366-00000416": "latin dance", "d_tZcbg1ldI-00006-00000416-00000513": "I catch your eye", "d_tZcbg1ldI-00007-00000759-00000959": "Try not to smile", "d_tZcbg1ldI-00008-00001215-00001415": "Attract your style", "d_tZcbg1ldI-00009-00002030-00002231": "We have a drink", "d_tZcbg1ldI-00010-00002456-00002656": "Then go outside", "d_tZcbg1ldI-00011-00002882-00003082": "Talk for a while", "d_tZcbg1ldI-00012-00004137-00004337": "I", "d_tZcbg1ldI-00013-00008005-00008205": "Start"}}, {"audio_id": "d_zzbItwn9c", "text": {"d_zzbItwn9c-00000-00000165-00000459": "Hello, and welcome to Bay College's Online Lectures for", "d_zzbItwn9c-00001-00000459-00000602": "College Algebra.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00002-00000602-00000681": "I'm Jim Helmer.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00003-00000681-00000942": "And in this section, 5.3, we're going to talk about the", "d_zzbItwn9c-00004-00000942-00001256": "graphs of a rational functions.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00005-00001256-00001695": "To utilize graphing rational functions, we have to review", "d_zzbItwn9c-00006-00001695-00002016": "what we talked about in the previous section, 5.2, and", "d_zzbItwn9c-00007-00002016-00002334": "we're just going to summarize asymptotes.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00008-00002334-00002575": "The first thing we usually find when it comes to graphs", "d_zzbItwn9c-00009-00002575-00002690": "is the domain.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00010-00002690-00002942": "And that domain helps us determine what our vertical", "d_zzbItwn9c-00011-00002942-00003173": "asymptotes, if there are any.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00012-00003173-00003628": "A vertical asymptote is basically asking us, as x", "d_zzbItwn9c-00013-00003628-00003865": "approaches some number from the left or the right, a", "d_zzbItwn9c-00014-00003865-00004177": "domain restriction, what is the behavior of the function?", "d_zzbItwn9c-00015-00004177-00004376": "Does it approach positive or negative", "d_zzbItwn9c-00016-00004376-00004579": "infinity, one or the other?", "d_zzbItwn9c-00017-00004579-00004900": "Well, we find the vertical asymptotes by essentially", "d_zzbItwn9c-00018-00004900-00005278": "taking the denominator of our rational function and saying,", "d_zzbItwn9c-00019-00005278-00005477": "what are the values that would make it equal to 0?", "d_zzbItwn9c-00020-00005477-00005771": "Because we can't have 0 in our denominator.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00021-00005771-00005968": "Those are domain restrictions.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00022-00005968-00006216": "Then we reduce any factors.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00023-00006216-00006551": "And any factors that reduce away are holes.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00024-00006551-00006914": "We basically take the x value that reduced away from the", "d_zzbItwn9c-00025-00006914-00007211": "domain, and we go ahead and plug it into the function say,", "d_zzbItwn9c-00026-00007211-00007554": "well this is a value that is a domain restriction, but we", "d_zzbItwn9c-00027-00007554-00007698": "cannot have it on our graph.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00028-00007698-00008042": "So we write it as an ordered pair, whatever that value that", "d_zzbItwn9c-00029-00008042-00008148": "reduced away.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00030-00008148-00008434": "Any remaining ones are vertical asymptotes.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00031-00008434-00008688": "x equals this value is a value that our", "d_zzbItwn9c-00032-00008688-00008820": "graph can never cross.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00033-00008820-00009142": "We always have to keep in mind that our graph could never", "d_zzbItwn9c-00034-00009142-00009401": "cross a vertical asymptote.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00035-00009401-00009616": "Then we look for any horizontal or oblique", "d_zzbItwn9c-00036-00009616-00009704": "asymptotes.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00037-00009704-00010025": "And the three scenarios that we look at is essentially the", "d_zzbItwn9c-00038-00010025-00010377": "degree of each polynomial, the degree of the numerator versus", "d_zzbItwn9c-00039-00010377-00010567": "the degree of the denominator.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00040-00010567-00010972": "If the degree of our polynomials, the top and the", "d_zzbItwn9c-00041-00010972-00011356": "bottom, are same degree, it is the ratio of their leading", "d_zzbItwn9c-00042-00011356-00011465": "coefficients.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00043-00011465-00011627": "That's the behavior of the graph.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00044-00011627-00012008": "It's going to approach that ratio, maybe it's just going", "d_zzbItwn9c-00045-00012008-00012216": "to be some number.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00046-00012216-00012761": "Or it the degree of the top is less than the degree of the", "d_zzbItwn9c-00047-00012761-00013129": "bottom, part of our rational function, its behavior will", "d_zzbItwn9c-00048-00013129-00013538": "always approach 0 as we go to positive or negative infinity,", "d_zzbItwn9c-00049-00013538-00013953": "the behavior of x at its end behavior.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00050-00013953-00014326": "If it doesn't fit either of those two scenarios, maybe it", "d_zzbItwn9c-00051-00014326-00014503": "fits this scenario, right here.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00052-00014503-00014963": "If the degree of the numerator is one more than the degree of", "d_zzbItwn9c-00053-00014963-00015299": "the denominator, then we have a linear oblique asymptote.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00054-00015299-00015684": "And when we look for this behavior, essentially we just", "d_zzbItwn9c-00055-00015684-00015980": "do division of the two polynomials to", "d_zzbItwn9c-00056-00015980-00016233": "find a linear equation.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00057-00016233-00016676": "Now, if the numerator is more than just 1 greater than the", "d_zzbItwn9c-00058-00016676-00016933": "degree of the denominator, we'll actually have a", "d_zzbItwn9c-00059-00016933-00017280": "nonlinear asymptote.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00060-00017280-00017804": "So now, let's look at what we can do with this information", "d_zzbItwn9c-00061-00017804-00018197": "and how we can apply it to the graph of a rational function.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00062-00018197-00018656": "Because rational functions, at times, can look intimidating", "d_zzbItwn9c-00063-00018656-00018826": "when we look at their graphs.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00064-00018826-00019192": "So graphing and analyzing a rational function, these are", "d_zzbItwn9c-00065-00019192-00019403": "the steps that we take in order to do that.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00066-00019403-00019622": "And let me just move the board a little bit", "d_zzbItwn9c-00067-00019622-00019849": "further down here.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00068-00019849-00020265": "Now let R just stand for a rational function in our", "d_zzbItwn9c-00069-00020265-00020327": "notes, here.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00070-00020327-00020640": "So the first thing we want to do is always find the domain", "d_zzbItwn9c-00071-00020640-00020742": "of a rational function.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00072-00020742-00021141": "What are the values that make us divide by 0?", "d_zzbItwn9c-00073-00021141-00021311": "We can't have those.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00074-00021311-00021661": "So once we find our domain, then we want to reduce R to", "d_zzbItwn9c-00075-00021661-00021810": "lowest terms, simplify it.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00076-00021810-00022099": "It's just a fraction just like a rational number.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00077-00022099-00022350": "We've got to reduce our fractions.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00078-00022350-00022647": "Now, any values that don't reduce away from that", "d_zzbItwn9c-00079-00022647-00022935": "denominator, as domain restrictions, become our", "d_zzbItwn9c-00080-00022935-00023312": "vertical asymptotes, the value that our graph can ever cross.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00081-00023312-00023589": "If some of them reduce away, they become holes.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00082-00023589-00023924": "So we use that value to just plug into our reduced function", "d_zzbItwn9c-00083-00023924-00024108": "to find what are the holes in our graph.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00084-00024108-00024493": "What are the values that we can't have but it may look as", "d_zzbItwn9c-00085-00024493-00024790": "if it would pass through that point?", "d_zzbItwn9c-00086-00024790-00025054": "And holes are always written as ordered pairs--", "d_zzbItwn9c-00087-00025054-00025201": "keep that in mind.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00088-00025201-00025499": "Now step four, we'll find any horizontal or oblique", "d_zzbItwn9c-00089-00025499-00025707": "asymptotes if they exist.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00090-00025707-00026014": "And that's using the summary before.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00091-00026014-00026283": "We look at the degree of each polynomial, numerator and", "d_zzbItwn9c-00092-00026283-00026364": "denominator.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00093-00026364-00026916": "Then we can find if our rational function crosses a", "d_zzbItwn9c-00094-00026916-00027064": "horizontal or oblique.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00095-00027064-00027331": "Now keep in mind, it can never cross the vertical.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00096-00027331-00027524": "But at some point, it could cross the", "d_zzbItwn9c-00097-00027524-00027639": "horizontal or oblique.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00098-00027639-00027917": "Because what these tell us is just its end behavior.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00099-00027917-00028437": "It could cross it somewhere away from the end behavior,", "d_zzbItwn9c-00100-00028437-00028604": "from the infinities.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00101-00028604-00028757": "So we want to find that.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00102-00028757-00029076": "We essentially just find it by setting the oblique or", "d_zzbItwn9c-00103-00029076-00029492": "horizontal asymptote equal to our reduced function and solve", "d_zzbItwn9c-00104-00029492-00029730": "for any values of x.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00105-00029730-00030093": "Then six, this step here, we want to find any intercepts.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00106-00030093-00030432": "It's good to have a few points to put on the graph so we can", "d_zzbItwn9c-00107-00030432-00030769": "see its behavior as it approaches these asymptotes.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00108-00030769-00031183": "And lastly, we take all this information we find, and we", "d_zzbItwn9c-00109-00031183-00031314": "put it on a graph.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00110-00031314-00031614": "And if we still need more to see its behavior, well, we can", "d_zzbItwn9c-00111-00031614-00031937": "pick a few test points and see on what side of which", "d_zzbItwn9c-00112-00031937-00032283": "asymptote that a piece of my graph may lie.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00113-00032283-00032575": "So you can always pick extra points, if necessary.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00114-00032575-00032800": "So let me move this out of the way, and we'll actually do an", "d_zzbItwn9c-00115-00032800-00033214": "example where we can find this information.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00116-00033214-00033593": "Here, we have a rational function, f of x equals 2x", "d_zzbItwn9c-00117-00033593-00034098": "squared minus 5x plus 2 divided by x squared minus 4.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00118-00034098-00034309": "The first thing we want to do is find that domain.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00119-00034309-00034799": "Well, if I factor this, and I'll just write it over here,", "d_zzbItwn9c-00120-00034799-00035223": "x plus 2, x minus 2--", "d_zzbItwn9c-00121-00035223-00035379": "that's what this would factor to.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00122-00035379-00035609": "And I can see, well, the values that would make that 0", "d_zzbItwn9c-00123-00035609-00036052": "that I have to exclude are x being plus or minus 2.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00124-00036052-00036229": "x cannot be these values.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00125-00036229-00036559": "These are excluded, so my domain is x, such that x is", "d_zzbItwn9c-00126-00036559-00036791": "plus or minus 2.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00127-00036791-00037025": "Now to write it in lowest forms, I also have", "d_zzbItwn9c-00128-00037025-00037165": "to factor the top.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00129-00037165-00037540": "Now to factor this, I notice that this coefficient isn't 1,", "d_zzbItwn9c-00130-00037540-00037743": "so I'd want to use maybe the ac method.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00131-00037743-00037890": "Hopefully, you remember how to do that.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00132-00037890-00038262": "a times c of our quadratic, 2 times 2 is 4.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00133-00038262-00038589": "What are the factors of 4 that sum to a negative 5?", "d_zzbItwn9c-00134-00038589-00038939": "Well, that'd be negative 4 and negative 1, and then I can", "d_zzbItwn9c-00135-00038939-00039315": "rewrite this middle term using those factors, negative 4x and", "d_zzbItwn9c-00136-00039315-00039954": "negative x, and then factor it by the greatest common factor.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00137-00039954-00040078": "It's a four term polynomial--", "d_zzbItwn9c-00138-00040078-00040212": "factor by grouping.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00139-00040212-00040931": "And when I factor that, I get 2x minus 1 times x minus 2.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00140-00040931-00041232": "And now, we can see hey, x minus 2 and x minus 2.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00141-00041232-00041652": "These are a common factor that can reduce.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00142-00041652-00042449": "So in lowest terms, 2x minus 1 over x plus 2 is our reduced", "d_zzbItwn9c-00143-00042449-00042654": "rational function.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00144-00042654-00043023": "Now the vertical asymptote would be the domain", "d_zzbItwn9c-00145-00043023-00043171": "restriction that still exists.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00146-00043171-00043472": "And we see there is a domain restriction that still exists,", "d_zzbItwn9c-00147-00043472-00043881": "so x equal to negative 2 is the value of my vertical", "d_zzbItwn9c-00148-00043881-00044184": "asymptote that my graph can never cross.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00149-00044184-00044579": "Now what about the domain restriction that reduced away,", "d_zzbItwn9c-00150-00044579-00044735": "that positive 2?", "d_zzbItwn9c-00151-00044735-00045029": "Well, that is where we're going to have a hole.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00152-00045029-00045259": "So I'm going to plug that value into my reduced", "d_zzbItwn9c-00153-00045259-00045449": "function, which would be positive 2.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00154-00045449-00045902": "2 times 2 is 4 minus 1 is 3 over 2 plus 2 is 4--", "d_zzbItwn9c-00155-00045902-00045971": "3/4.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00156-00045971-00046407": "So when x is a positive 2, y is 3/4.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00157-00046407-00046557": "This is the hole in my graph.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00158-00046557-00046783": "I'm going to make sure when I put it on my graph, it's a", "d_zzbItwn9c-00159-00046783-00047221": "nice, open circle, indicating that this value is not within", "d_zzbItwn9c-00160-00047221-00047469": "our domain.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00161-00047469-00047667": "A horizontal or oblique asymptote--", "d_zzbItwn9c-00162-00047667-00048096": "well, if this does have an asymptote, we just look at the", "d_zzbItwn9c-00163-00048096-00048307": "degree of each polynomial.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00164-00048307-00048418": "This is degree 2.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00165-00048418-00048547": "This is degree 2.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00166-00048547-00048713": "They have the same degree.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00167-00048713-00048882": "That is a horizontal asymptote.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00168-00048882-00049106": "That is the ratio of their coefficients.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00169-00049106-00049690": "Well, the coefficient is 2 over 1, which is just 2.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00170-00049690-00049830": "2 over 1 is 2.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00171-00049830-00050076": "So here is my horizontal--", "d_zzbItwn9c-00172-00050076-00050389": "it is a horizontal asymptote, y equals 2, the equation of a", "d_zzbItwn9c-00173-00050389-00050585": "horizontal line.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00174-00050585-00050817": "Then we want to find out, does my graph cross", "d_zzbItwn9c-00175-00050817-00050973": "my horizontal asymptote?", "d_zzbItwn9c-00176-00050973-00051291": "Well, I can find that out, essentially, by setting this", "d_zzbItwn9c-00177-00051291-00051447": "equal to this value.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00178-00051447-00051538": "This is a function--", "d_zzbItwn9c-00179-00051538-00052008": "f of x is the same as y in some concepts, right?", "d_zzbItwn9c-00180-00052008-00052265": "So we can set this equal and solve for it.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00181-00052265-00052785": "And if I do that, 2x minus 1 over x plus 2 equal to 2.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00182-00052785-00053095": "Well, I can multiply both sides by the denominator, 2x", "d_zzbItwn9c-00183-00053095-00053690": "minus 1 equals 2x plus 4, when I distribute the 2 to that.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00184-00053690-00054037": "And we notice when I subtract 2x from both sides, I get", "d_zzbItwn9c-00185-00054037-00054208": "negative 1 equals 4.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00186-00054208-00054492": "Well, this isn't a true statement, but it does tell me", "d_zzbItwn9c-00187-00054492-00054880": "something about my graph and that horizontal asymptote.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00188-00054880-00055157": "If this is not a true statement, it tells me there's", "d_zzbItwn9c-00189-00055157-00055623": "no value of x that makes it cross my horizontal asymptote.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00190-00055623-00056017": "So does it cross my horizontal asymptote?", "d_zzbItwn9c-00191-00056017-00056142": "Nope, not at all.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00192-00056142-00056259": "So we can move on.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00193-00056259-00056508": "Let's find a few extra points, maybe x-intercepts and", "d_zzbItwn9c-00194-00056508-00056627": "y-intercepts.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00195-00056627-00056803": "Well the x-intercept, I essentially set", "d_zzbItwn9c-00196-00056803-00056880": "this equal to 0.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00197-00056880-00057180": "So let's rework this problem.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00198-00057180-00057517": "We make the function equal to 0, and I can find any", "d_zzbItwn9c-00199-00057517-00057622": "x-intercepts.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00200-00057622-00057927": "If I do that, I get 2x minus 1 equals 0.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00201-00057927-00058225": "We really have to only worry about the top, because the", "d_zzbItwn9c-00202-00058225-00058496": "denominator is never going to make it equal to 0.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00203-00058496-00058900": "And if I solve this, I add 1 and divide by 2, I get 1/2.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00204-00058900-00059384": "So I get 1/2 when y is 0, my x-intercept.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00205-00059384-00059684": "And to find the y-intercept, we set x equal to 0.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00206-00059684-00059996": "So if this term is 0, and this term is 0, I get", "d_zzbItwn9c-00207-00059996-00060235": "negative 1 over 2.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00208-00060235-00060632": "So when x is 0, I get negative 1/2.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00209-00060632-00060859": "Now we have all this good information.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00210-00060859-00061162": "We can take it, we can start putting it on the graph, and", "d_zzbItwn9c-00211-00061162-00061326": "see what we get.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00212-00061326-00061603": "Well, I know I have a vertical asymptote at negative 2.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00213-00061603-00061991": "So I'm going to do a dashed line that I know my graph can", "d_zzbItwn9c-00214-00061991-00062073": "never cross.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00215-00062073-00062346": "That is my vertical asymptote.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00216-00062346-00062742": "I also have a hole at x equals 2.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00217-00062742-00063183": "y equals 3/4, so I'm going to draw a nice, open circle right", "d_zzbItwn9c-00218-00063183-00063554": "there, because this is not within my domain.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00219-00063554-00063795": "And then I can draw my horizontal", "d_zzbItwn9c-00220-00063795-00064121": "asymptote at y equals 2.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00221-00064121-00064461": "So I know, as the graph goes to positive or negative", "d_zzbItwn9c-00222-00064461-00064654": "infinity, it's going to approach", "d_zzbItwn9c-00223-00064654-00064808": "this horizontal asymptote.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00224-00064808-00065137": "And I know it can never cross, because I tested that.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00225-00065137-00065351": "And then I have a few points I can plug in.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00226-00065351-00065632": "I have an x-intercept of 1/2.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00227-00065632-00065853": "That'd be right here.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00228-00065853-00066295": "And I have a y-intercept of 0, negative 1/2.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00229-00066295-00066405": "That's right there.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00230-00066405-00066678": "And now I can see, OK, I see a little bit of behavior here.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00231-00066678-00066798": "I see a pattern.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00232-00066798-00067153": "As this is going towards that asymptote that it can never", "d_zzbItwn9c-00233-00067153-00067420": "cross, it's actually moving downward.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00234-00067420-00067793": "As it moves towards this horizontal asymptote that it", "d_zzbItwn9c-00235-00067793-00068243": "will not cross, I can see it's going to approach that value", "d_zzbItwn9c-00236-00068243-00068446": "as x goes to infinity.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00237-00068446-00068664": "Now we only have half the graph.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00238-00068664-00068925": "There is some more graph over here, or at least, we should", "d_zzbItwn9c-00239-00068925-00069172": "always check to see if there is.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00240-00069172-00069517": "So what we want to do here is just pick an extra test point", "d_zzbItwn9c-00241-00069517-00069704": "to see where is this graph?", "d_zzbItwn9c-00242-00069704-00069951": "I know it's not going to cross these asymptotes, so is it", "d_zzbItwn9c-00243-00069951-00070175": "going to be up here or down here?", "d_zzbItwn9c-00244-00070175-00070295": "So let's just pick a value.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00245-00070295-00070499": "Well, I'm going to plug in negative 4", "d_zzbItwn9c-00246-00070499-00070671": "into my reduced function.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00247-00070671-00071141": "So negative 4 times 2 is negative 8 minus", "d_zzbItwn9c-00248-00071141-00071376": "1 is negative 9.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00249-00071376-00071745": "And negative 4 plus 2 is negative 2.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00250-00071745-00071932": "So I have negative 9/2.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00251-00071932-00072063": "Well, negative 9/2--", "d_zzbItwn9c-00252-00072063-00072528": "that's just a positive value, right, which is 4 and 1/2.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00253-00072528-00072951": "So I can say, OK, over here, when I chose negative 4, I got", "d_zzbItwn9c-00254-00072951-00073281": "4 and 1/2 which puts me right here.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00255-00073281-00073627": "I'm up in this area that I know it's not going cross", "d_zzbItwn9c-00256-00073627-00074043": "these asymptotes, but I do know its end behavior.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00257-00074043-00074296": "So I know that's what it's going to do.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00258-00074296-00074598": "It's going to approach that asymptote going towards", "d_zzbItwn9c-00259-00074598-00075084": "positive infinity for y or going to this asymptote as x", "d_zzbItwn9c-00260-00075084-00075299": "goes to negative infinity.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00261-00075299-00075641": "So that is how we graph these rational functions.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00262-00075641-00075930": "We take this information, and we put it all on the graph,", "d_zzbItwn9c-00263-00075930-00076164": "pick a few extra points, if necessary.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00264-00076164-00076433": "Now, I'd like you to attempt this on your", "d_zzbItwn9c-00265-00076433-00076672": "own, so here's a quiz.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00266-00076672-00077102": "The function f of x equals 2x plus 3 over 3x squared", "d_zzbItwn9c-00267-00077102-00077296": "plus 7x minus 6.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00268-00077296-00077675": "The key to this one is essentially using that ac", "d_zzbItwn9c-00269-00077675-00077802": "method to factor.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00270-00077802-00078004": "But you have to do it in the denominator.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00271-00078004-00078317": "So what I want you to do is take this 2x plus 3 over 3x", "d_zzbItwn9c-00272-00078317-00078793": "squared plus 7x minus 6 and find its domain, reduce the", "d_zzbItwn9c-00273-00078793-00079223": "function, if necessary, find any vertical asymptotes, find", "d_zzbItwn9c-00274-00079223-00079585": "any holes, if they exist, find any horizontal or oblique", "d_zzbItwn9c-00275-00079585-00079940": "asymptotes, see if it crosses your horizontal or oblique", "d_zzbItwn9c-00276-00079940-00080235": "asymptote, and then find any x or y-intercepts.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00277-00080235-00080457": "And finally, graph it.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00278-00080457-00080794": "And if you need to, pick a few extra points.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00279-00080794-00081046": "If you're not ready to do that on your own, just wait.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00280-00081046-00081331": "We'll do another example and see what we get.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00281-00082135-00082595": "So for this example, we have our rational function f of x", "d_zzbItwn9c-00282-00082595-00083066": "equals x squared plus 3x plus 2 over x minus 1.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00283-00083066-00083589": "Now to find the domain, well, q of x, my denominator, is", "d_zzbItwn9c-00284-00083589-00083799": "already a linear factor.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00285-00083799-00084140": "So I know that x cannot equal a positive 1.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00286-00084140-00084484": "That would make this 0, undefined.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00287-00084484-00084616": "Now let's see if it reduces.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00288-00084616-00084836": "Well, let's just factor the top and see what we get.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00289-00084836-00085908": "The top factors to x plus 1, x plus 2, the factors of", "d_zzbItwn9c-00290-00085908-00086266": "positive 2 that sum to positive 3.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00291-00086266-00086718": "And we notice nothing is going to cancel here. x plus 1 is", "d_zzbItwn9c-00292-00086718-00086903": "not the same as x minus 1.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00293-00086903-00087366": "So it's already in reduced form, and if you want, you", "d_zzbItwn9c-00294-00087366-00087637": "could leave it in a factored form like this.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00295-00087637-00087917": "It's going to maybe be a little bit easier to work when", "d_zzbItwn9c-00296-00087917-00088215": "you're ready to graph it or find some values", "d_zzbItwn9c-00297-00088215-00088379": "that you need to find.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00298-00088379-00088503": "Any vertical asymptotes?", "d_zzbItwn9c-00299-00088503-00088812": "Well, since nothing reduced, the vertical asymptote is", "d_zzbItwn9c-00300-00088812-00089134": "essentially x not equal to 1.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00301-00089134-00089359": "It can never cross x equals 1.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00302-00089359-00089521": "That's my vertical asymptote.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00303-00089521-00089591": "Any holes?", "d_zzbItwn9c-00304-00089591-00089820": "Well, nothing reduced away, so there are no holes.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00305-00090087-00090308": "And then lastly, do I have a", "d_zzbItwn9c-00306-00090308-00090524": "horizontal or oblique asymptote?", "d_zzbItwn9c-00307-00090524-00091186": "Well, if I look at this, here, I notice that my power of my", "d_zzbItwn9c-00308-00091186-00091468": "numerator is greater than the denominator.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00309-00091468-00091691": "2 relative to 1--", "d_zzbItwn9c-00310-00091691-00091967": "well, that means I have an oblique asymptote.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00311-00091967-00092270": "And we can find that oblique asymptote by doing division.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00312-00092270-00092386": "And that's what I'm going to do here.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00313-00092386-00092590": "I'm going to use synthetic division.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00314-00092590-00093071": "So to do that, I'm going to use the 0 here,", "d_zzbItwn9c-00315-00093071-00093205": "which would be 1.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00316-00093205-00093468": "And I'm going to divide it into this, here.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00317-00093468-00093865": "And I'm going to use the coefficients 1, 3, and 2.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00318-00093865-00094141": "If you don't recall synthetic division, go out there, find a", "d_zzbItwn9c-00319-00094141-00094558": "video, review it, or go to your textbook, it is in there.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00320-00094558-00094651": "Bring down the 1.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00321-00094651-00095103": "1 times 1 is 1, 3 and 1 is 4, 1 times 4 is 4,", "d_zzbItwn9c-00322-00095103-00095273": "and 4 and 2 is 6.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00323-00095273-00095471": "Now this is a remainder.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00324-00095471-00095723": "We're not concerned about remainders, because we want to", "d_zzbItwn9c-00325-00095723-00095851": "see end behavior.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00326-00095851-00096148": "Remainders become insignificant as the graph", "d_zzbItwn9c-00327-00096148-00096385": "goes to infinity, left or right.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00328-00096385-00097041": "So this is my linear equation, y equals x plus 4.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00329-00097041-00097327": "So I found the oblique asymptote.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00330-00097327-00097734": "And it is the line y equals x plus 4.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00331-00097734-00097885": "Now does it cross this", "d_zzbItwn9c-00332-00097885-00098086": "horizontal or oblique asymptote?", "d_zzbItwn9c-00333-00098086-00098475": "Well, what I can do is take this equation and set it equal", "d_zzbItwn9c-00334-00098475-00098621": "to this, right here.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00335-00098621-00099381": "And if I do that, I get x plus 1, x plus 2, over x minus 1.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00336-00099381-00100403": "But I'm going to multiply that this side, which is x plus 4", "d_zzbItwn9c-00337-00100403-00100564": "times the denominator.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00338-00100564-00100854": "So I'm skipping a step here, but hopefully, you can follow", "d_zzbItwn9c-00339-00100854-00101067": "along and see that this was in the denominator, I just", "d_zzbItwn9c-00340-00101067-00101202": "multiplied both sides.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00341-00101202-00101340": "And now I can just FOIL this out.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00342-00101340-00102094": "So this is x squared plus 3x plus 2 equals x squared plus", "d_zzbItwn9c-00343-00102094-00102659": "3x minus 4.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00344-00102659-00102998": "And if I subtract x squared from both sides, it goes away.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00345-00102998-00103273": "Subtract 3x from both sides, it goes away.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00346-00103273-00103550": "And I get 2 equals negative 4-- not a true statement.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00347-00103550-00104088": "That means it does not cross my oblique asymptote, and so", "d_zzbItwn9c-00348-00104088-00104491": "the answer is no, it does not cross my oblique asymptote.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00349-00104491-00104806": "Let's find some x or y-intercepts.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00350-00104806-00105106": "Let's find the y-intercept, first.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00351-00105106-00105515": "The y-intercept is essentially where x is 0.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00352-00105515-00105835": "Well if this is 0, and that's 0, and that's 0, I get 2 over", "d_zzbItwn9c-00353-00105835-00106041": "negative 1, which is negative 2.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00354-00106041-00106524": "When x is 0, this is negative 2.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00355-00106524-00106864": "And to find an x-intercept, well, we set the whole", "d_zzbItwn9c-00356-00106864-00106999": "equation equal to 0.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00357-00106999-00107231": "And if we set this equal to 0, we don't have to worry about", "d_zzbItwn9c-00358-00107231-00107358": "that denominator.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00359-00107358-00107516": "What are the 0's of the function?", "d_zzbItwn9c-00360-00107516-00107783": "And this is why I said, if you leave it in factored form, it", "d_zzbItwn9c-00361-00107783-00107914": "makes it a little easier for you.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00362-00107914-00108139": "Well, my 0's would be negative 1 and negative 2.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00363-00108740-00109128": "So I have the 0's of negative 1, 0; negative 2, 0.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00364-00109128-00109480": "Let's take this information and put it on the graph.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00365-00109480-00109707": "Well, the first thing I want to graph is my vertical", "d_zzbItwn9c-00366-00109707-00109958": "asymptote of x equal to 1.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00367-00110301-00110529": "And then there are no holes.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00368-00110529-00110941": "We have a horizontal asymptote at y equals x plus 4.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00369-00110941-00111153": "So I'm going to graph that.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00370-00111153-00111801": "Let's say 1, 2, 3, 4, and I know it has a slope of 1.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00371-00112190-00112488": "So there's some behavior going on in this graph, here.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00372-00112488-00112635": "Let's find out what it is.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00373-00112635-00112906": "Let's graph our intercepts.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00374-00112906-00113335": "We have a y-intercept at negative 2.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00375-00113335-00114016": "We have an x-intercept at negative 1 and at negative 2.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00376-00114016-00114483": "And if we look at the behavior of this, we know what it never", "d_zzbItwn9c-00377-00114483-00114866": "crosses our vertical asymptote, so it's going to", "d_zzbItwn9c-00378-00114866-00115023": "approach it.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00379-00115023-00115467": "And we know it doesn't cross our horizontal asymptote, so", "d_zzbItwn9c-00380-00115467-00115678": "this is its behavior.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00381-00115678-00115998": "But what about over here or over here?", "d_zzbItwn9c-00382-00115998-00116359": "Well, we're on this side of our vertical asymptote that we", "d_zzbItwn9c-00383-00116359-00116479": "know it doesn't cross.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00384-00116479-00116704": "What's happening over here on this side?", "d_zzbItwn9c-00385-00116704-00117061": "Well, if we pick any arbitrary point, let's say I'm going to", "d_zzbItwn9c-00386-00117061-00117422": "pick x equals to 2, and just plug it into the function,", "d_zzbItwn9c-00387-00117422-00117556": "find its value.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00388-00117556-00118017": "2 plus 1 is 3, 2 plus 2 is 4, 3 times 4 is 12.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00389-00118017-00118392": "2 minus 1 is 1, 12 over 1-- well, that's 12.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00390-00118392-00118593": "It's way up here, some value way up here.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00391-00118593-00118968": "So I know, somewhere up here, it's approaching these", "d_zzbItwn9c-00392-00118968-00119248": "asymptotes without crossing them.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00393-00119248-00119429": "So this would be the graph.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00394-00119429-00119832": "Even though a piece of it is off of the graph that I have", "d_zzbItwn9c-00395-00119832-00120118": "here, I still know its behavior because of these", "d_zzbItwn9c-00396-00120118-00120195": "asymptotes.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00397-00120195-00120432": "And that's what this is all about.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00398-00120432-00120957": "So this has been section 5.3, Analyzing Rational Functions.", "d_zzbItwn9c-00399-00120957-00121082": "Thank you for watching."}}, {"audio_id": "dA3qlOfvwyE", "text": {"dA3qlOfvwyE-00000-00000108-00000198": "AKP", "dA3qlOfvwyE-00001-00000438-00000930": "hello AKP members welcome to the family so now that you have become a part of us you're", "dA3qlOfvwyE-00002-00000930-00001368": "probably interested as to how to register and how to start right so in this video we will tell you", "dA3qlOfvwyE-00003-00001368-00001878": "all that you need to know about how to begin your journey so without further Ado let's get started", "dA3qlOfvwyE-00004-00002058-00002472": "so when you first enter the home page you will need to find a membership registration button on", "dA3qlOfvwyE-00005-00002472-00002868": "the top left corner after you enter select the language you are most comfortable with", "dA3qlOfvwyE-00006-00002868-00003282": "on the top left or right depending on your display mode make sure to read through all", "dA3qlOfvwyE-00007-00003282-00003642": "the terms and conditions thoroughly and just agree to all of them once you have finished", "dA3qlOfvwyE-00008-00003708-00004260": "after agreeing to everything you will be led to this page where you will need to enter your", "dA3qlOfvwyE-00009-00004260-00004686": "personal information so just enter your email which will be your ID your preferred name and", "dA3qlOfvwyE-00010-00004686-00005220": "password in the '구분' or identity column select '유학생' which is student studying", "dA3qlOfvwyE-00011-00005220-00005634": "abroad and for the phone number enter your Korean number if you are in Korea or the number you are", "dA3qlOfvwyE-00012-00005634-00006072": "currently using if you are in your own country In the nationality column scroll through the list to", "dA3qlOfvwyE-00013-00006072-00006558": "find your own nationality there is also an option to type out the name of your country in Korean", "dA3qlOfvwyE-00014-00006845-00007290": "once you have double checked everything click next and a confirmation email will", "dA3qlOfvwyE-00015-00007290-00007806": "be sent to you through the email you previously entered the email will look something like this", "dA3qlOfvwyE-00016-00007938-00008370": "click into the link and you will officially become an AKP member", "dA3qlOfvwyE-00017-00008820-00009228": "you should now be able to freely log into your account by now and I will now show you how you", "dA3qlOfvwyE-00018-00009228-00009738": "can actually connect to one of our mentors here on the platform on the top bar find the Highteen", "dA3qlOfvwyE-00019-00009738-00010152": "news tab where our mentors will share their daily life in so we have different parts such as campus", "dA3qlOfvwyE-00020-00010152-00010674": "News student of the month hot place and photozone let's try to go to student of the month to take a", "dA3qlOfvwyE-00021-00010674-00011130": "look at our mentors so as you can see our mentors have been actually posting a lot about our daily", "dA3qlOfvwyE-00022-00011130-00011508": "life in Korea and you can actually get to know them a lot better through these posts", "dA3qlOfvwyE-00023-00011586-00011946": "now let's say you have found a mentor that you would want to connect with after looking into", "dA3qlOfvwyE-00024-00011946-00012540": "their posts simply scroll to the bottom and click '멘토링 신청' which is to register for their mentoring", "dA3qlOfvwyE-00025-00012540-00012972": "Services as you can see you will be able to endure our mentoring services for a month", "dA3qlOfvwyE-00026-00012972-00013650": "completely free so feel free to try it out first after clicking register you can click the purple", "dA3qlOfvwyE-00027-00013650-00014184": "button '질문하기' and type in the question you want to ask so for example here she is asking about", "dA3qlOfvwyE-00028-00014184-00014772": "what there is to eat near Hankuk University of Foreign Studies and you can just type in whatever", "dA3qlOfvwyE-00029-00014772-00015282": "you want even multiple questions once you post these questions you will be able to see this", "dA3qlOfvwyE-00030-00015282-00015713": "red sign it means our mentors have received your questions and will reply to you within 24 hours", "dA3qlOfvwyE-00031-00015912-00016319": "well that's it for the registration process easy right so the next step would be to", "dA3qlOfvwyE-00032-00016319-00016728": "start journaling and to find out how to do that head on to our next video see ya"}}, {"audio_id": "dA86q6GVX_A", "text": {"dA86q6GVX_A-00000-00000000-00001299": "Sáng 4-10, lực lượng Công an TP Buôn Ma Thuột, tỉnh Đắk Lắk đang lấy lời khai 19 đối tượng liên quan đến hoạt động ghi lô đề để làm rõ về các hành vi đánh bạc và tổ chức đánh bạc.", "dA86q6GVX_A-00001-00001499-00002942": "Trước đó, chiều tối 3-10, lực lượng Công an phường Tự An phối hợp với Đội Cảnh sát điều tra tổng hợp Công an TP Buôn Ma Thuột đã ập vào 7 địa điểm bán vé số nằm trên đường Nguyễn Công Trứ và đường Lê Duẩn đang ghi lô đề cho 12 con bạc.", "dA86q6GVX_A-00002-00003142-00004415": "Tại các địa điểm này, tổ công tác đã thu giữ nhiều phơi đề và hơn 120 triệu đồng liên quan đến việc ghi lô đề. Ngay sau đó, 19 người có liên quan đã được đưa về Công an phường Tự An để đấu tranh lấy lời khai.", "dA86q6GVX_A-00003-00004615-00006014": "Bảy tụ điểm ghi lô đề núp bóng dưới hình thức bán vé số này đã hoạt động thời gian dài. Hằng ngày các đối tượng bày vé số ra bán, nhưng khi các con bạc có nhu cầu ghi lô đề thì các đối tượng sẽ ghi cho khách.", "dA86q6GVX_A-00004-00006214-00007061": "Sau đó, các đối tượng này sẽ căn cứ vào kết quả xổ số của các đài rồi tính toán thắng thua với các con bạc."}}, {"audio_id": "dABuiUTi-T8", "text": {"dABuiUTi-T8-00000-00000848-00001248": "The moon is 400 times closer to earth than the sun,", "dABuiUTi-T8-00001-00001312-00001696": "and the sun is 400 times larger than the moon.", "dABuiUTi-T8-00002-00001904-00002384": "What does this mean? It means that when the moon comes in between the sun", "dABuiUTi-T8-00003-00002384-00003447": "and the earth, they both seem the same size to us, such that we form a perfect eclipse.", "dABuiUTi-T8-00004-00003824-00004256": "Now you might be thinking- that's standard stuff mate- nope.", "dABuiUTi-T8-00005-00004328-00005240": "In our solar system there are approximately 166 moons and that never happens to", "dABuiUTi-T8-00006-00005240-00005976": "any other planet; because either the moon seems too big or the sun seems too big.", "dABuiUTi-T8-00007-00005976-00006495": "But why is it that only on Earth it's so specific?", "dABuiUTi-T8-00008-00006495-00006784": "When the universe was created we had", "dABuiUTi-T8-00009-00006784-00007384": "Hydrogen and Helium gases, but we need carbon for life to exist.", "dABuiUTi-T8-00010-00007384-00008128": "But to form carbon you need three Heliums to come together to form carbon.", "dABuiUTi-T8-00011-00008128-00008296": "So there's a scientist called", "dABuiUTi-T8-00012-00008296-00008784": "Sir Fred Hoyle: he wanted to see how these three Heliums come together.", "dABuiUTi-T8-00013-00008784-00009280": "He noticed that nothing really was happening when he brought them together,", "dABuiUTi-T8-00014-00009280-00009840": "so then it occurred to him that maybe these three Heliums will come together", "dABuiUTi-T8-00015-00009840-00010368": "at a specific Nuclear Ground State Energy, and it worked.", "dABuiUTi-T8-00016-00010432-00011408": "And he noticed that if it was different by even 1% the Heliums would not come together.", "dABuiUTi-T8-00017-00011408-00011896": "After discovering this Hoyle later confessed that nothing had", "dABuiUTi-T8-00018-00011896-00012360": "shaken his atheism more than this very discovery.", "dABuiUTi-T8-00019-00012432-00013096": "Impressive right? Did you know that the sun and the earth is at a reasonable distance.", "dABuiUTi-T8-00020-00013096-00013768": "If it was too close, we would all burn; and if it was too far away, we would freeze.", "dABuiUTi-T8-00021-00013824-00014128": "So in this relationship between the earth and the sun,", "dABuiUTi-T8-00022-00014128-00014824": "had it changed for even 2% there would be no life on this planet.", "dABuiUTi-T8-00023-00015044-00015584": "This is one of my favorites. As we know everything is made from atoms yeah?", "dABuiUTi-T8-00024-00015584-00016224": "But there are two forces that are holding atoms together: you've got the Electromagnetic Force;", "dABuiUTi-T8-00025-00016288-00016512": "this holds the structure of the atom,", "dABuiUTi-T8-00026-00016512-00017080": "and then you've got the Nuclear Strong Force; this holds the nucleus of the atom.", "dABuiUTi-T8-00027-00017080-00017528": "These two have to be at a specific ratio for life to exist.", "dABuiUTi-T8-00028-00017528-00017736": "Now what's the ratio? I hear you ask.", "dABuiUTi-T8-00029-00017736-00018504": "Well it's 1 over 10 to the power 16. that's 10", "dABuiUTi-T8-00030-00018600-00019016": "followed by loads of zeros mate, that's all I can say.", "dABuiUTi-T8-00031-00019016-00019352": "Now that of course is very very specific.", "dABuiUTi-T8-00032-00019352-00019776": "Now if fine tuning wasn't there there'd be no stars,", "dABuiUTi-T8-00033-00019776-00020576": "if there's no stars there can be no planets and if there's no planets there will be no life.", "dABuiUTi-T8-00034-00020576-00021072": "Let's get a bit advanced now, at the dawn of the Big Bang there was something called", "dABuiUTi-T8-00035-00021072-00021584": "Dark Energy; this force is pushing our universe out there.", "dABuiUTi-T8-00036-00021584-00022112": "Now this is so finely tuned that if this force was too much;", "dABuiUTi-T8-00037-00022176-00022584": "the universe would have exploded and nothing would have formed.", "dABuiUTi-T8-00038-00022584-00023312": "If it was too less; it would have collapsed upon itself and again nothing would have formed.", "dABuiUTi-T8-00039-00023312-00023864": "How much is this force? It's one over ten to the power", "dABuiUTi-T8-00040-00023864-00024424": "a hundred 120; that is very very specific.", "dABuiUTi-T8-00041-00024424-00024752": "So i guess it makes sense when astrophysicist Hugh Ross", "dABuiUTi-T8-00042-00024752-00025536": "said- the chance of our planet existing in the universe is so rare that he calculated it to be:", "dABuiUTi-T8-00043-00025848-00026895": "1 over 10 to the power 30. That's the chance that a planet like ours could form in the universe.", "dABuiUTi-T8-00044-00026895-00027568": "So you see, the fine-tuning argument is such a solid proof for the existence of a designer", "dABuiUTi-T8-00045-00027568-00028183": "that atheists go to extreme lengths to disprove this.", "dABuiUTi-T8-00046-00028248-00028704": "In fact the best thing they claim to have come up with is the Multiverse Theory;", "dABuiUTi-T8-00047-00028768-00029392": "which according to the theory is an infinite amount of universes out there, which then", "dABuiUTi-T8-00048-00029392-00030016": "means that the chance of a universe or a solar system like ours forming is actually probable.", "dABuiUTi-T8-00049-00030016-00030383": "But guys, the multiverse theory is extremely lacking,", "dABuiUTi-T8-00050-00030383-00031056": "it's not accepted within academic circles and yes, there might be many universes,", "dABuiUTi-T8-00051-00031056-00031527": "but we're not asking about many universes we're asking about this particular universe.", "dABuiUTi-T8-00052-00031600-00031992": "It's just another creative way to delay the existence of God.", "dABuiUTi-T8-00053-00031992-00032400": "If you're a reasonable person, it's inevitable for you", "dABuiUTi-T8-00054-00032400-00032840": "to start questioning that there has to be a creator.", "dABuiUTi-T8-00055-00033432-00033656": "Alright guys we hope you enjoyed this video.", "dABuiUTi-T8-00056-00033656-00033888": "If you liked it don't forget to hit the Like button,", "dABuiUTi-T8-00057-00033888-00034144": "don't forget to comment and please share it.", "dABuiUTi-T8-00058-00034144-00034720": "The more people that watch it ,the more we can get the revenue generated and create more such videos.", "dABuiUTi-T8-00059-00034824-00035184": "All right guys until next time Asalaamu Alaikum."}}, {"audio_id": "dAc9d2LkJV0", "text": {"dAc9d2LkJV0-00000-00004177-00004192": "Wow"}}]