diff --git "a/data/en002/text/00000046.json" "b/data/en002/text/00000046.json" new file mode 100644--- /dev/null +++ "b/data/en002/text/00000046.json" @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +[{"audio_id": "f5378KY9ANu", "text": {"f5378KY9ANu-00000-00000000-00000520": "Sadhguru: You can incubate a lot of either negative things or positive things in sleep.", "f5378KY9ANu-00001-00001056-00001592": "This is getting too easy, just sleeping sadhana.", "f5378KY9ANu-00002-00001839-00002500": "So, coming awake to an alarm bell with a sudden start is not the best way to do your life.", "f5378KY9ANu-00003-00003168-00003732": "How many of you find that one day morning when you get up without any reason,", "f5378KY9ANu-00004-00003732-00004050": "you're just feeling ugly – for no reason?", "f5378KY9ANu-00005-00004050-00004520": "If it ishappening even at least two, three times a year,", "f5378KY9ANu-00006-00004520-00005295": "if it is then you must do certain things before you go to bed; it's very, very important.", "f5378KY9ANu-00007-00005295-00005680": "Because unconsciously, you need tounderstand this,", "f5378KY9ANu-00008-00005680-00006245": "you can incubatea lot of either negative things or positive thingsin sleep.", "f5378KY9ANu-00009-00006245-00006980": "Either pleasantness or unpleasantness,you can incubate very effectively uninterruptedin sleep.", "f5378KY9ANu-00010-00006980-00007605": "You can also incubate it in the day,but there are so many interruptions, itdoesn't happen very efficiently.", "f5378KY9ANu-00011-00007605-00008368": "But if you have a tendency to go to bed in a certainway and wake up in the morning really nasty,", "f5378KY9ANu-00012-00008368-00009170": "for simply no reason, that means you're incubating things in the night very efficiently – bad eggs.", "f5378KY9ANu-00013-00009170-00009877": "This is not just about psychological disturbances;it can cause major physiological problems overa period of time.", "f5378KY9ANu-00014-00009877-00010250": "This is important thatyou eliminate these things from your life.", "f5378KY9ANu-00015-00011135-00011700": "So, before you go to bed in the night, there arecertain things that you need to take care of.", "f5378KY9ANu-00016-00012130-00012940": "It's best if you're eating meat and other kinds ofmeals, you eat at least three to four hours beforeyou go to bed.", "f5378KY9ANu-00017-00012940-00013580": "The digestion is over before goingto bed. Drink a certain amount of water and go tobed.", "f5378KY9ANu-00018-00013580-00013990": "You will see it gets taken care of just likethis.", "f5378KY9ANu-00019-00014222-00015160": "One simple thing can be, just a shower,always to shower before go to bed; it will make a lot of difference.", "f5378KY9ANu-00020-00015160-00015940": "In this weather, maybe cold showers are difficult, so you go for lukewarm showers.", "f5378KY9ANu-00021-00015940-00016327": "Don't go for hotshowers in the night; go for lukewarm showers.", "f5378KY9ANu-00022-00016327-00016720": "It makes you alert, so you will think, “Oh,I cannot sleep.”", "f5378KY9ANu-00023-00016720-00017104": "It doesn't matter, you will sleepfifteen, twenty minutes or half an hour later,", "f5378KY9ANu-00024-00017104-00017650": "but you will sleep better because it will take away certain things.", "f5378KY9ANu-00025-00017650-00018117": "When you showerit is not just the dirt on the skin thatyou're taking away.", "f5378KY9ANu-00026-00018117-00018538": "Have you noticed,if you're very tense and anxious, whatever,just a shower", "f5378KY9ANu-00027-00018538-00019000": "you came out and feelslike almost a burden has been taken awayfrom you?", "f5378KY9ANu-00028-00019000-00019150": "Have you not noticed this?", "f5378KY9ANu-00029-00019150-00019805": "So, it's not just about washing theskin; a whole lot of things happenwhen water flows over your body.", "f5378KY9ANu-00030-00019805-00020220": "Thisshower is a very rudimentary Bhuta Shuddhi.", "f5378KY9ANu-00031-00020220-00020611": "Because over seventy percent of your bodyis actually water.", "f5378KY9ANu-00032-00020611-00021342": "If you run water over it,a certain purification happens, which is beyondcleaning the skin.", "f5378KY9ANu-00033-00021342-00022163": "One more thing if you want todo, you just light an organic oil lamp, a cottonwick, some oil, anything.", "f5378KY9ANu-00034-00022163-00023032": "What do you use here?Normal cooking oil, linseed oil, ricebran oil or sesame oil, what do you have?", "f5378KY9ANu-00035-00023032-00023380": "Participants: Olive oil. Sadhguru: Olive oil, fine.", "f5378KY9ANu-00036-00023380-00024088": "Any organicoil with the cotton wick, just burn one littlelamp somewhere in the room where you sleep,", "f5378KY9ANu-00037-00024088-00024361": "you will see these things will completelydisappear.", "f5378KY9ANu-00038-00024361-00024897": "If you can bring in a chant or there are nightly practices – yogic practices before yougo to bed,", "f5378KY9ANu-00039-00024897-00025395": "sit on your bed and do this practice.", "f5378KY9ANu-00040-00025614-00026073": "Do you know in about… if you live for about sixtyyears, you're…", "f5378KY9ANu-00041-00026073-00026855": "on an average most human beingsare eating anywhere between 1100 to 1400 tonsof food?", "f5378KY9ANu-00042-00026855-00027188": "So that means even what you think ismy body is not this.", "f5378KY9ANu-00043-00027188-00027680": "It's changing every day; newinput is happening and old things are going away.", "f5378KY9ANu-00044-00027680-00028164": "So 1400 tons, you don't have... carry that muchof weight right now.", "f5378KY9ANu-00045-00028164-00028970": "So obviously what you haveas a body right now, is just a transientamount of food and soil isn't it? Hello?", "f5378KY9ANu-00046-00028970-00029350": "Participants: Yes. Sadhguru: So, what you think is mine also is not it?", "f5378KY9ANu-00047-00029350-00029589": "It is just all the time changing.", "f5378KY9ANu-00048-00029589-00030130": "Tonight,before you go to bed, spend at least twelve,fifteen minutes reminding yourself:", "f5378KY9ANu-00049-00030130-00030405": "you'reneither this body, nor this mind.", "f5378KY9ANu-00050-00030405-00030964": "Just lie downand just remind yourself, this body is notreally you.", "f5378KY9ANu-00051-00030964-00031389": "It is mine right now for use, butit's not really me.", "f5378KY9ANu-00052-00031389-00031760": "Just… if you're not able todo it, just link it to your breath:", "f5378KY9ANu-00053-00031760-00032205": "inhalation,I'm not the body; exhalation, I'm not eventhe mind.", "f5378KY9ANu-00054-00032205-00032752": "Just lie down for twelve minutesand do it till the last moment, till you fallasleep.", "f5378KY9ANu-00055-00032752-00033002": "This is something you must notice."}}, {"audio_id": "f5fSMeWlVwM", "text": {"f5fSMeWlVwM-00000-00000006-00000906": "engineer", "f5fSMeWlVwM-00001-00001026-00001104": "okay guys", "f5fSMeWlVwM-00002-00003384-00003960": "a real streaming", "f5fSMeWlVwM-00003-00006498-00006936": "foreign", "f5fSMeWlVwM-00004-00009438-00010290": "plug me in we'll figure this out okay", "f5fSMeWlVwM-00005-00013122-00013524": "the oh adorable", "f5fSMeWlVwM-00006-00013524-00014634": "remember when you said new and dangerous uh-huh you were right", "f5fSMeWlVwM-00007-00016019-00016062": "okay", "f5fSMeWlVwM-00008-00016302-00016434": "or vanished incoming", "f5fSMeWlVwM-00009-00016638-00017220": "this is taking longer than I thought something is taking control of local systems oh", "f5fSMeWlVwM-00010-00017886-00017892": "no", "f5fSMeWlVwM-00011-00018132-00018354": "means", "f5fSMeWlVwM-00012-00018354-00019278": "is that what we're calling them well I was also considering flying octopus monkeys", "f5fSMeWlVwM-00013-00019344-00019734": "skimmers it is then well then I guess", "f5fSMeWlVwM-00014-00021120-00021216": "okay", "f5fSMeWlVwM-00015-00021948-00022746": "what's up Chief more of them okay guys oh the door I know the code is being Rewritten yeah", "f5fSMeWlVwM-00016-00023268-00023364": "with Las Vegas", "f5fSMeWlVwM-00017-00025512-00025745": "picking up reinforcements", "f5fSMeWlVwM-00018-00026442-00026483": "foreign", "f5fSMeWlVwM-00019-00029376-00030018": "to get started", "f5fSMeWlVwM-00020-00032148-00032220": "thank you", "f5fSMeWlVwM-00021-00032304-00032784": "more of them chief", "f5fSMeWlVwM-00022-00033660-00033760": "s", "f5fSMeWlVwM-00023-00035676-00035736": "foreign", "f5fSMeWlVwM-00024-00039486-00040050": "reinforcements", "f5fSMeWlVwM-00025-00040050-00040170": "I don't understand", "f5fSMeWlVwM-00026-00041988-00042252": "video today", "f5fSMeWlVwM-00027-00043632-00043686": "okay", "f5fSMeWlVwM-00028-00045156-00045300": "I landed nugget guys", "f5fSMeWlVwM-00029-00045414-00045846": "my city game hello NP night", "f5fSMeWlVwM-00030-00046284-00047052": "interfaced with the Cradle it unlocked something something important", "f5fSMeWlVwM-00031-00047118-00047916": "Cortana was here six months ago I could feel what she felt when you arrived it was Joy fear and pain", "f5fSMeWlVwM-00032-00048702-00048726": "foreign", "f5fSMeWlVwM-00033-00050256-00051096": "who are you yes yes scan complete Theodore Sorel special weapons", "f5fSMeWlVwM-00034-00051096-00051714": "more than one", "f5fSMeWlVwM-00035-00052188-00052355": "we've got a score to settle", "f5fSMeWlVwM-00036-00054714-00054834": "I guess", "f5fSMeWlVwM-00037-00054834-00055505": "geez that platform we're too late", "f5fSMeWlVwM-00038-00055890-00055962": "still yeah", "f5fSMeWlVwM-00039-00059148-00059508": "oh look at this is", "f5fSMeWlVwM-00040-00064091-00064470": "prepare yourself", "f5fSMeWlVwM-00041-00067656-00067698": "foreign", "f5fSMeWlVwM-00042-00070434-00070758": "did they kill Spartan Sorel negative", "f5fSMeWlVwM-00043-00072990-00073782": "okay this elevator it's taking us back to the surface why come all the way", "f5fSMeWlVwM-00044-00073782-00074262": "down here just to kill the monitor the monitor's purpose is to protect the ring", "f5fSMeWlVwM-00045-00077316-00077898": "foreign", "f5fSMeWlVwM-00046-00080532-00081090": "foreign", "f5fSMeWlVwM-00047-00083910-00083982": "okay", "f5fSMeWlVwM-00048-00084228-00084360": "but hear this", "f5fSMeWlVwM-00049-00084462-00085692": "you okay chief I'm trying to get the armor unlocked try harder at an end I am the harbinger", "f5fSMeWlVwM-00050-00085692-00086622": "of the truth the endless will be found they will Ascend that would be good I know I know yes", "f5fSMeWlVwM-00051-00086982-00087258": "okay yeah", "f5fSMeWlVwM-00052-00087510-00087804": "no the The Harbinger said", "f5fSMeWlVwM-00053-00088050-00088170": "maybe they're inside", "f5fSMeWlVwM-00054-00090540-00090624": "come on", "f5fSMeWlVwM-00055-00093216-00093480": "okay", "f5fSMeWlVwM-00056-00093828-00094284": "maybe they're inside only one way to find out", "f5fSMeWlVwM-00057-00094518-00096282": "time to fight human the next movies you guys okay", "f5fSMeWlVwM-00058-00097350-00097488": "foreign", "f5fSMeWlVwM-00059-00100740-00100788": "all right", "f5fSMeWlVwM-00060-00102533-00102659": "guys", "f5fSMeWlVwM-00061-00104856-00105209": "yeah I guess supporting yeah"}}, {"audio_id": "f5qlu19XCYQ", "text": {"f5qlu19XCYQ-00000-00000052-00000065": "#13 Redefining Mistakes", "f5qlu19XCYQ-00001-00000065-00000700": "All of us have things in our past that didn't work out the way that we wanted to. One thing", "f5qlu19XCYQ-00002-00000700-00001400": "that separates really successful people from people that stay stuck, is how they define", "f5qlu19XCYQ-00003-00001515-00001666": "those failures.", "f5qlu19XCYQ-00004-00001666-00002287": "Welcome to another episode of Mindfully Organized 2 - Minute Tips. I am Rose Hawley-Perry, The", "f5qlu19XCYQ-00005-00002287-00002798": "De-Clutter Your Mind So Your Soul Can Shine Coach and you might be asking yourself, \"What", "f5qlu19XCYQ-00006-00002798-00003174": "does she mean, how can you define any of those things differently?\"", "f5qlu19XCYQ-00007-00003174-00003874": "Everything that happens in your life informs who you are, you get to define how that happens.", "f5qlu19XCYQ-00009-00004130-00004830": "So if you make a poor decision do you as a poor decision maker? Or do you lessons you", "f5qlu19XCYQ-00010-00005119-00005603": "can learn and move on and make better decisions in the future.", "f5qlu19XCYQ-00011-00005603-00005789": "Let me tell you a little story about my life...", "f5qlu19XCYQ-00012-00005789-00006489": "In my teens and twenties I really let life push me around. I was graduating from college.", "f5qlu19XCYQ-00013-00006642-00007342": "I didn't realize it but I was scared. I was working in a childcare center. My good", "f5qlu19XCYQ-00014-00007431-00007892": "friend was getting her teaching credential. And all the sudden getting my teaching credential", "f5qlu19XCYQ-00015-00007892-00008089": "sounded like a great idea.", "f5qlu19XCYQ-00016-00008089-00008789": "So I did that, I did a year of master's level work to get my credential. I got out", "f5qlu19XCYQ-00017-00008803-00009503": "and then I realized. Oh my goodness, I knew I didn't want to be teacher. My mom had", "f5qlu19XCYQ-00018-00009579-00010045": "been a teach and I knew the parts that of this that I didn't like.", "f5qlu19XCYQ-00019-00010045-00010745": "And if you just hear the story this way, it seems like a big mistake. But...I met an amazing", "f5qlu19XCYQ-00020-00011016-00011599": "man who was my master teacher for 4 months during this program. A man who introduced", "f5qlu19XCYQ-00021-00011599-00012071": "me to William Glasser's Choice Theory and changed my life forever! That is what my", "f5qlu19XCYQ-00022-00012071-00012745": "whole coaching practice is based on. I would not be here today if I had not done", "f5qlu19XCYQ-00023-00012745-00013113": "that year of master's level teaching credential work.", "f5qlu19XCYQ-00024-00013113-00013800": "Do I want to teach kids? No. I want to teach entrepreneurs. But did that year give me more", "f5qlu19XCYQ-00025-00013800-00014400": "than I could ever expect? Yeah! Sometimes you just don't know what lesson you are", "f5qlu19XCYQ-00026-00014400-00014575": "learning when you are learning it.", "f5qlu19XCYQ-00027-00014575-00015275": "I have more about this topic in my free 4 part video series. Stop, Don't Buy Another", "f5qlu19XCYQ-00028-00015344-00015772": "Business Building Program Until You Have Heard This.", "f5qlu19XCYQ-00029-00015772-00016472": "You can opt-in at http://mindfullyorganized.com/wait/"}}, {"audio_id": "f5sdPsfOgcU", "text": {"f5sdPsfOgcU-00000-00003184-00004384": "an enemy has plain", "f5sdPsfOgcU-00001-00006536-00007184": "right", "f5sdPsfOgcU-00002-00007528-00008584": "so", "f5sdPsfOgcU-00003-00008648-00009984": "an enemy has been slain", "f5sdPsfOgcU-00004-00011984-00012032": "double", "f5sdPsfOgcU-00005-00012720-00012784": "ripple kill", "f5sdPsfOgcU-00006-00014247-00015616": "playing the turtle", "f5sdPsfOgcU-00007-00015616-00016984": "an ally has been slain", "f5sdPsfOgcU-00008-00017920-00018384": "right", "f5sdPsfOgcU-00009-00019144-00019784": "up", "f5sdPsfOgcU-00010-00021128-00022584": "an enemy has been slain", "f5sdPsfOgcU-00011-00023560-00023984": "an ally has been slain", "f5sdPsfOgcU-00012-00024352-00025384": "your team destroyed a turret", "f5sdPsfOgcU-00013-00026160-00026783": "mega kill", "f5sdPsfOgcU-00014-00028000-00028183": "right", "f5sdPsfOgcU-00015-00028639-00029583": "an enemy has been slain", "f5sdPsfOgcU-00016-00029920-00030120": "your team destroyed a turret", "f5sdPsfOgcU-00017-00031352-00032383": "legendary", "f5sdPsfOgcU-00018-00033640-00034168": "killing spree your team destroyed a turret", "f5sdPsfOgcU-00019-00035048-00035184": "initiate retreat", "f5sdPsfOgcU-00020-00036832-00037984": "an enemy has been slain an ally has been slain", "f5sdPsfOgcU-00021-00039184-00039384": "your team destroyed a turret", "f5sdPsfOgcU-00022-00040856-00040960": "legendary", "f5sdPsfOgcU-00023-00041888-00042184": "your team destroyed a turret", "f5sdPsfOgcU-00024-00043008-00043584": "your team destroyed a turret", "f5sdPsfOgcU-00025-00045392-00045608": "an ally has slain the turtle", "f5sdPsfOgcU-00026-00045880-00046384": "mega kill", "f5sdPsfOgcU-00027-00046528-00047784": "legendary request backup", "f5sdPsfOgcU-00028-00048656-00049184": "like", "f5sdPsfOgcU-00029-00049264-00050584": "yes", "f5sdPsfOgcU-00030-00050888-00051984": "mega kills", "f5sdPsfOgcU-00031-00052208-00053384": "legendary", "f5sdPsfOgcU-00032-00053912-00054112": "your team destroyed a turret", "f5sdPsfOgcU-00033-00054448-00054784": "an enemy has been slain", "f5sdPsfOgcU-00034-00055328-00056184": "monster kill", "f5sdPsfOgcU-00035-00060136-00060144": "you"}}, {"audio_id": "f5uu8nEtP58", "text": {"f5uu8nEtP58-00000-00000900-00001200": "motorcycle dude: zungu! (means white guy)", "f5uu8nEtP58-00001-00002650-00002900": "max: he is (they are) selling radios.", "f5uu8nEtP58-00002-00002900-00003200": "random dude: yes my friend where are you going max: sipi sipi sipi random dude: it is there", "f5uu8nEtP58-00003-00005300-00005800": "random dude: why are you (garbled) max: because i want to\t ['whe' literally means you but figuratively means \"tsk tsk tsk]", "f5uu8nEtP58-00004-00006700-00007200": "random lady: local language (something not nice) max: ahhhh ahhhh (basically im being evasive)", "f5uu8nEtP58-00005-00007400-00007600": "mom: (unheard) she wanted to talk to you?", "f5uu8nEtP58-00006-00013400-00013800": "max: three three three mom: three i see see see", "f5uu8nEtP58-00007-00014200-00014400": "mom: (unheard) something worrisome about me and motorcycles"}}, {"audio_id": "f5L5F2UN4OI", "text": {"f5L5F2UN4OI-00000-00003308-00003500": "Hello and welcome back again", "f5L5F2UN4OI-00001-00003523-00003989": "The great comparative literature scholar Erich Auerbach wrote an important essay on chapter", "f5L5F2UN4OI-00002-00003989-00004471": "ten in which he argued that it exhibits the essence of Cervantes’s novel as a conflict", "f5L5F2UN4OI-00003-00004471-00004712": "between fantasy and reality.", "f5L5F2UN4OI-00004-00004712-00005478": "We notice a particular aspect of this conflict as SP goes off to find “the palaces or alcázares", "f5L5F2UN4OI-00005-00005478-00005635": "of my lady.”", "f5L5F2UN4OI-00006-00005635-00006189": "Auerbach did not consider this cultural contrast between synonyms.", "f5L5F2UN4OI-00007-00006189-00006629": "As SP heads toward El Toboso, he performs a private “soliloquy.”", "f5L5F2UN4OI-00008-00006629-00007008": "This is more than the kind of monologue that we might hear from Hamlet.", "f5L5F2UN4OI-00009-00007008-00007619": "SP actually carries on a conversation with himself: “‘Now, brother Sancho, let’s", "f5L5F2UN4OI-00010-00007619-00007872": "find out exactly where your grace is going.", "f5L5F2UN4OI-00011-00007872-00008230": "Are you going to look for a certain ass that’s been lost?’", "f5L5F2UN4OI-00012-00008230-00008346": "‘Absolutely not.’", "f5L5F2UN4OI-00013-00008346-00008539": "‘Well, then, what do you seek?’", "f5L5F2UN4OI-00014-00008539-00009067": "‘I am seeking –as if it were a simple thing to do– a princess, and in her the", "f5L5F2UN4OI-00015-00009067-00009365": "sun of beauty and the rest of heaven above.’", "f5L5F2UN4OI-00016-00009365-00009721": "‘And where do you hope to find all this, Sancho?’", "f5L5F2UN4OI-00017-00009721-00009821": "‘Where?", "f5L5F2UN4OI-00018-00009821-00010111": "Why, in the great city of El Toboso.’”", "f5L5F2UN4OI-00019-00010111-00010717": "Cervantes is not just a master of dialogue, he is now a master of interior dialogue, which", "f5L5F2UN4OI-00020-00010717-00010939": "reveals a character’s hidden anxieties.", "f5L5F2UN4OI-00021-00010939-00011360": "Why this particularly rare technique now?", "f5L5F2UN4OI-00022-00011360-00011592": "What does it tell us about SP?", "f5L5F2UN4OI-00023-00011592-00012128": "SP’s immediate problem is how to find a woman who does not exist.", "f5L5F2UN4OI-00024-00012128-00012631": "He decides to improvise, relying on his master’s gullibility: “Being, then, crazy, which", "f5L5F2UN4OI-00025-00012631-00013135": "he certainly is, and with the kind of craziness that takes some things for others and judges", "f5L5F2UN4OI-00026-00013135-00013593": "white to be black and black to be white... it will not be all that difficult to make", "f5L5F2UN4OI-00027-00013593-00014106": "him believe that a peasant woman, the first one I come across around here, is the lady", "f5L5F2UN4OI-00028-00014106-00014418": "Dulcinea.”", "f5L5F2UN4OI-00029-00014418-00014963": "Then he sees just what he needs: “when he got up to mount the gray, he saw that riding", "f5L5F2UN4OI-00030-00014963-00015498": "out toward where he was from El Toboso were three peasant women on three jackasses, or", "f5L5F2UN4OI-00031-00015498-00015945": "she-asses, for the author does not specify.”", "f5L5F2UN4OI-00032-00015945-00016328": "Two aspects of the description that follows should interest us.", "f5L5F2UN4OI-00033-00016328-00016876": "First, there is much confusion about the sex of these women’s mounts, which as Francisco", "f5L5F2UN4OI-00034-00016876-00017285": "Rico notes, echoes the medieval debate over the sex of angels.", "f5L5F2UN4OI-00035-00017285-00017981": "Second, the narrator makes excessive excuses about why this should not interest us.", "f5L5F2UN4OI-00036-00017981-00018207": "Do we trust this narrator?", "f5L5F2UN4OI-00037-00018208-00018568": "There is more wordplay regarding the women’s asses.", "f5L5F2UN4OI-00038-00019806-00020257": "When SP goes to inform his master that he has found Dulcinea, he mistakenly deploys", "f5L5F2UN4OI-00039-00020257-00020787": "a biblical term, referring to the Canaanites of ancient Palestine, enemies of the Israelites:", "f5L5F2UN4OI-00040-00020787-00021325": "“She and her damsels... come mounted atop three spotted Canaanite Trotters.”", "f5L5F2UN4OI-00041-00021325-00021884": "DQ corrects his confusion regarding the breed of Dulcinea’s horses: “Arabian Canterers,", "f5L5F2UN4OI-00042-00021884-00022023": "you must mean, Sancho.”", "f5L5F2UN4OI-00043-00022023-00022512": "SP then echoes the narrator’s evasiveness: “There’s little difference... between", "f5L5F2UN4OI-00044-00022512-00022884": "Canaanites and Arabians; but, no matter what they’re riding, they’re the most beautiful", "f5L5F2UN4OI-00045-00022884-00023107": "ladies one could ever wish to see.”", "f5L5F2UN4OI-00046-00023108-00023540": "What would Canaanites be doing in El Toboso?", "f5L5F2UN4OI-00047-00025294-00025538": "Regardless, DQ is overjoyed.", "f5L5F2UN4OI-00048-00025538-00026069": "Recalling the theme of SP’s salary, DQ offers his squire the spoils of future conquests,", "f5L5F2UN4OI-00049-00026069-00026522": "and then he adds a more realistic form of incentive: “I hereby grant you the best", "f5L5F2UN4OI-00050-00026522-00027019": "spoils that I shall win in the first adventure I have, and if that does not satisfy you,", "f5L5F2UN4OI-00051-00027019-00027508": "then I promise you the fillies that my three mares will give me this year, which, as you", "f5L5F2UN4OI-00052-00027508-00027863": "know, are about to give birth on the commons of our town.”", "f5L5F2UN4OI-00053-00027863-00028469": "SP wisely accepts the fillies because “it is far from certain that the spoils of our", "f5L5F2UN4OI-00054-00028469-00028714": "first adventure will be good.”", "f5L5F2UN4OI-00055-00028714-00029336": "Then again, just how good are horses raised on public lands likely to be?", "f5L5F2UN4OI-00056-00029336-00030169": "Juan de Mariana’s famous phrase comes to mind: “When an ass belongs to many, the", "f5L5F2UN4OI-00057-00030170-00030318": "wolves eat it.”", "f5L5F2UN4OI-00058-00030354-00030662": "That´s all for now, we´ll see each other in our next video"}}, {"audio_id": "f65_ncvBfwo", "text": {"f65_ncvBfwo-00000-00000008-00000216": "Hi travellers I'm Anne's daughter, Lileko.", "f65_ncvBfwo-00001-00000280-00000735": "So I thought I would put together this video of what I'm planning to", "f65_ncvBfwo-00002-00000775-00001086": "add to my carry-on when I do fly out next.", "f65_ncvBfwo-00003-00001086-00001247": "Because this", "f65_ncvBfwo-00004-00001336-00001534": "this outbreak is not going away.", "f65_ncvBfwo-00005-00001534-00001936": "So it's better to be prepared. I'm gonna walk through all of the parts that I have", "f65_ncvBfwo-00006-00002000-00002184": "thought of to add if you've got any more", "f65_ncvBfwo-00007-00002184-00002520": "please leave them in the comments below or anything that I've overlooked.", "f65_ncvBfwo-00008-00002520-00002772": "Any flight that I do is gonna be long hauls.", "f65_ncvBfwo-00009-00002772-00002839": "Adding to my", "f65_ncvBfwo-00010-00002861-00003207": "toiletries bag I've got decanted some hand sanitizer. I have", "f65_ncvBfwo-00011-00003279-00003392": "a big pump bottle.", "f65_ncvBfwo-00012-00003392-00003529": "So it's under the hundred mils.", "f65_ncvBfwo-00013-00003590-00004000": "This does live in my handbag which lives under the seat in front of me.", "f65_ncvBfwo-00014-00004007-00004455": "It'll work out with the rest of my regular toiletries that I do carry.", "f65_ncvBfwo-00015-00004496-00004868": "In my carry-on handbag if you're interested to know what's inside.", "f65_ncvBfwo-00016-00004868-00004984": "This is just a Fossil Sydney satchel", "f65_ncvBfwo-00017-00004992-00005086": "I've had it for years.", "f65_ncvBfwo-00018-00005086-00005448": "I have got a video of what I usually carry inside", "f65_ncvBfwo-00019-00005512-00005634": "and that hasn't changed.", "f65_ncvBfwo-00020-00005634-00006068": "This is just additional things but I'll link that video in the description box below.", "f65_ncvBfwo-00021-00006068-00006271": "So now despite the fact that", "f65_ncvBfwo-00022-00006344-00006576": "I've been yeah, I've been wiping down", "f65_ncvBfwo-00023-00006647-00006951": "tray tables and all sorts for a while now.", "f65_ncvBfwo-00024-00007080-00007420": "Anyway, on board like before all of this happened.", "f65_ncvBfwo-00025-00007420-00007680": "And I actually just bought the bigger one.", "f65_ncvBfwo-00026-00007704-00008287": "I have the small travel to go one, but I've used this before and I don't know how, this is a pack of nine.", "f65_ncvBfwo-00027-00008343-00008639": "As I said, I've got to fly long haul and I know I've already", "f65_ncvBfwo-00028-00008672-00008914": "opened this so I don't know how many are still in it.", "f65_ncvBfwo-00029-00008914-00009079": "So my thought was", "f65_ncvBfwo-00030-00009152-00009392": "and this just goes in my", "f65_ncvBfwo-00031-00009461-00009574": "Carry-on bag here.", "f65_ncvBfwo-00032-00009574-00010215": "I won't be going the same route that I did to get here because those flights don't exist anymore.", "f65_ncvBfwo-00033-00010279-00010479": "So I decided to buy a big one", "f65_ncvBfwo-00034-00010615-00011415": "and I would put this in my checked bag, and I will take out a few and put them in a ziploc bag.", "f65_ncvBfwo-00035-00011607-00012006": "That's my thought at the moment and ideally use these first.", "f65_ncvBfwo-00036-00012006-00012268": "Because these are already sealed.", "f65_ncvBfwo-00037-00012268-00012470": "Just wiping down my seat.", "f65_ncvBfwo-00038-00012470-00012808": "I know that the airlines have upped their cleaning.", "f65_ncvBfwo-00039-00012808-00013016": "In theory there should be less people on board.", "f65_ncvBfwo-00040-00013080-00013463": "So it might be fine, but this is just what I'm doing. And as I said,", "f65_ncvBfwo-00041-00013568-00013840": "I would have done the wiping down anyway.", "f65_ncvBfwo-00042-00013840-00014104": "You saw in the thumbnail that I have the face shield", "f65_ncvBfwo-00043-00014182-00014552": "I'm tossing up whether to get another one or not.", "f65_ncvBfwo-00044-00014608-00014831": "I've not worn a shield", "f65_ncvBfwo-00045-00014887-00015354": "in my everyday life, so I don't know how comfortable/uncomfortable it is.", "f65_ncvBfwo-00046-00015354-00015631": "And because it's a long haul, yeah what I leave", "f65_ncvBfwo-00047-00015712-00015912": "home looking like", "f65_ncvBfwo-00048-00015919-00016234": "10 hours in will not be how I look.", "f65_ncvBfwo-00049-00016234-00016464": "At the moment at Kuwait airport", "f65_ncvBfwo-00050-00016472-00017041": "they have no wheelie carry-ons and that's an airport thing, that's got nothing to do with the airlines.", "f65_ncvBfwo-00051-00017120-00017732": "So I'm forced this time to use my backpack as carry on which I'm irritated because my laptop is very heavy.", "f65_ncvBfwo-00052-00017732-00017903": "Anyway in my backpack", "f65_ncvBfwo-00053-00017992-00018146": "I have these masks.", "f65_ncvBfwo-00054-00018146-00018495": "I bought these on Talabat and I do have a video of how easy it is to order", "f65_ncvBfwo-00055-00018544-00018778": "with Talabat in the Middle East.", "f65_ncvBfwo-00056-00018778-00019313": "My thought is to change them out as the flight goes, you know, obviously in between eating,", "f65_ncvBfwo-00057-00019431-00019839": "there should be at least a couple of meals possibly plus a snack so", "f65_ncvBfwo-00058-00019904-00020112": "during those times, yeah instead of just", "f65_ncvBfwo-00059-00020176-00020672": "hanging the mask off one ear I will take it off and get out an entirely new one.", "f65_ncvBfwo-00060-00020759-00021007": "The same when I want to go to the bathroom, brush my teeth.", "f65_ncvBfwo-00061-00021087-00021244": "Usually do a sheet mask.", "f65_ncvBfwo-00062-00021244-00021638": "So again, there's probably a time where I will change out.", "f65_ncvBfwo-00063-00021638-00021751": "So in addition to that", "f65_ncvBfwo-00064-00021904-00022188": "I also bought some of the surgical masks.", "f65_ncvBfwo-00065-00022188-00022367": "I only have five of them because I'm like", "f65_ncvBfwo-00066-00022472-00022711": "between these two I think that's enough.", "f65_ncvBfwo-00067-00022856-00023068": "And it's probably really excessive.", "f65_ncvBfwo-00068-00023068-00023351": "I have an extra bag, which I will use.", "f65_ncvBfwo-00069-00023568-00023672": "these", "f65_ncvBfwo-00070-00023672-00024175": "I don't know do they have like two lives in them, three wears in them?", "f65_ncvBfwo-00071-00024248-00024448": "I will save them for another time.", "f65_ncvBfwo-00072-00024456-00024879": "So I put these used ones into so that then when I do get home", "f65_ncvBfwo-00073-00024895-00025255": "then I can air them out and they can still be good for another use.", "f65_ncvBfwo-00074-00025272-00025855": "I haven't found anywhere on Talabat where they sell the reusable masks. These are just the ones that are available.", "f65_ncvBfwo-00075-00025863-00026004": "So that's why I've bought them.", "f65_ncvBfwo-00076-00026004-00026135": "I'm carrying a scarf with me.", "f65_ncvBfwo-00077-00026191-00026391": "No, the blankets don't get", "f65_ncvBfwo-00078-00026439-00026807": "washed always and I don't know what the new system is like.", "f65_ncvBfwo-00079-00026856-00027383": "So to avoid any bother I'm taking my own. This is just from H and M and it's just wide enough.", "f65_ncvBfwo-00080-00027400-00027600": "It is actually a scarf but it is,", "f65_ncvBfwo-00081-00027656-00028106": "long and big enough to be a blanket so I'm carrying that.", "f65_ncvBfwo-00082-00028106-00028329": "Also the airline should give you something", "f65_ncvBfwo-00083-00028432-00028895": "some sort of pack, the contents seem to vary with airlines. So I", "f65_ncvBfwo-00084-00028991-00029191": "that's nice that I'll get some extras.", "f65_ncvBfwo-00085-00029239-00029638": "And I don't know how many masks or anything you get in them.", "f65_ncvBfwo-00086-00029638-00029767": "Make sure that you check", "f65_ncvBfwo-00087-00029856-00030303": "the destination if you're transiting and your arrival place", "f65_ncvBfwo-00088-00030327-00030545": "if you need to get a covid test.", "f65_ncvBfwo-00089-00030545-00030711": "I'll be going home to New Zealand", "f65_ncvBfwo-00090-00030752-00031383": "so I don't need one for some reason. I mean they will test me when I get there. I hope that I can book", "f65_ncvBfwo-00091-00031512-00032047": "a route that does not require me to get one because they're really quite expensive here.", "f65_ncvBfwo-00092-00032072-00032420": "I'm still of the New Zealand mindset where everything's free.", "f65_ncvBfwo-00093-00032420-00032639": "I'm like grrr, why does it cost?", "f65_ncvBfwo-00094-00032703-00033191": "I believe Emirates requires you to have one, um even transiting through Dubai.", "f65_ncvBfwo-00095-00033200-00033695": "So that is definitely something to bear in mind, planning your next trip like they still are", "f65_ncvBfwo-00096-00033768-00034384": "at this point there's still airlines that don't require you to have it and but then at the same time I'm sitting here going", "f65_ncvBfwo-00097-00034400-00034816": "Oh, should I have gone for a test today instead of recording this video?", "f65_ncvBfwo-00098-00034944-00035260": "To have peace of mind that I don't have it .", "f65_ncvBfwo-00099-00035260-00035568": "Actually finding it really difficult even just to plot a route home,", "f65_ncvBfwo-00100-00035600-00035800": "because of the lack of flights.", "f65_ncvBfwo-00101-00035840-00036400": "And different countries because I have to transit somewhere. There's nothing", "f65_ncvBfwo-00102-00036486-00036656": "remotely direct.", "f65_ncvBfwo-00103-00036656-00036863": "Different countries are changing stuff up all the time.", "f65_ncvBfwo-00104-00036863-00037199": "So it's actually a lot of work to try to", "f65_ncvBfwo-00105-00037247-00037703": "figure it out and piece it together and then be able to go, right what do I need to do?", "f65_ncvBfwo-00106-00037752-00037888": "Are you allowed to transit?", "f65_ncvBfwo-00107-00037888-00038063": "Like America, for example, they", "f65_ncvBfwo-00108-00038128-00038600": "if you've been in the schengen plus, uk for the last 14 days that's going to be problematic.", "f65_ncvBfwo-00109-00038608-00038925": "So there's so many bits and pieces to put together.", "f65_ncvBfwo-00110-00038925-00039031": "But I also do have", "f65_ncvBfwo-00111-00039088-00039272": "one pair of gloves.", "f65_ncvBfwo-00112-00039272-00039744": "I'm not big on the gloves and that's because it's really hot here and so it gets", "f65_ncvBfwo-00113-00039822-00040231": "beyond disgusting under the gloves, but I believe I do need to wear", "f65_ncvBfwo-00114-00040312-00040447": "the gloves", "f65_ncvBfwo-00115-00040447-00040711": "through the airport here and it's okay.", "f65_ncvBfwo-00116-00040784-00040872": "That's what I'll do.", "f65_ncvBfwo-00117-00040872-00041519": "But then after that I'm going to be on the hand washing and bathrooms and hand sanitizer that I have with me.", "f65_ncvBfwo-00118-00041544-00041991": "Hopefully everything goes well and yeah, good luck with your flight.", "f65_ncvBfwo-00119-00042008-00042544": "If you think I should get more of these, I mean, they're super light and just flimsy plastic.", "f65_ncvBfwo-00120-00042568-00042919": "Please let me know because that I actually don't have an answer for that.", "f65_ncvBfwo-00121-00042928-00043056": "If you found this video helpful", "f65_ncvBfwo-00122-00043056-00043583": "please give it a thumbs up and consider subscribing as I post new videos every week giving tips and strategies", "f65_ncvBfwo-00123-00043616-00043948": "that may help enhance your travel experiences.", "f65_ncvBfwo-00124-00043948-00044351": "Can I just say the good thing about masks that I've never ever thought of", "f65_ncvBfwo-00125-00044552-00045119": "is that I'm sure when I sleep my mouth does drop open at some point.", "f65_ncvBfwo-00126-00045263-00045871": "So this would be good having the mask on the whole flight because then when anybody walks past it won't be the", "f65_ncvBfwo-00127-00046016-00046281": "Like whatever I look like."}}, {"audio_id": "f665W-duWcg", "text": {"f665W-duWcg-00000-00000000-00000990": "Madainn mhath a h-uile duine. Hello and welcome to this exciting installment of a 'Battle Sites By", "f665W-duWcg-00001-00001050-00001848": "Bike' video. I'm here at Inverlochy Castle just outside Fort William. Let's get the", "f665W-duWcg-00002-00001848-00002460": "important things over with first, so there is the bike, the Birdy. We've had a very nice", "f665W-duWcg-00003-00002574-00003347": "ride, as you can see, hopefully, the castle is surrounded by fencing there is currently", "f665W-duWcg-00004-00003347-00004128": "some masonry work going on or investigation because it's dangerous. So lnverlochy Castle", "f665W-duWcg-00005-00004128-00004794": "was a site of at least two battles or battles that were very close by. So the first one was", "f665W-duWcg-00006-00004794-00005862": "in 1431 between the Clansmen of, let me just check my notes, of Alexander Mac Donald and the", "f665W-duWcg-00007-00005862-00007559": "army of James I. The second one was in February 1645 between the army of the Marquis of Argyll,", "f665W-duWcg-00008-00007559-00008406": "his covenanter forces against the Marquis of Montrose. According to the information board,", "f665W-duWcg-00009-00008406-00008760": "which is just behind me there I think you can just about see it,", "f665W-duWcg-00010-00008862-00009510": "states that there are, there were three battles associated with Inverlochy Castle, so I'll have", "f665W-duWcg-00011-00009510-00010560": "to do a little bit more investigation of that. So let's just have a quick scout round the outside.", "f665W-duWcg-00012-00011070-00011112": "So", "f665W-duWcg-00013-00011316-00012030": "stay tuned for another exciting installment of Battle Sites by Bike. GoPro stop recording."}}, {"audio_id": "f6gYVSJ01_0", "text": {"f6gYVSJ01_0-00000-00002779-00002979": "peel the peanuts", "f6gYVSJ01_0-00001-00003376-00003576": "many peanuts take long", "f6gYVSJ01_0-00002-00006652-00006852": "finished peeling off", "f6gYVSJ01_0-00003-00007646-00007846": "remove small, moldy seeds", "f6gYVSJ01_0-00004-00010728-00010928": "put in the pan", "f6gYVSJ01_0-00005-00015004-00015204": "check to see if it is ripe", "f6gYVSJ01_0-00006-00018416-00018616": "Peel off the shell", "f6gYVSJ01_0-00007-00019852-00020052": "will be like that", "f6gYVSJ01_0-00008-00020938-00021138": "put in the mortar", "f6gYVSJ01_0-00009-00028045-00028245": "for salt", "f6gYVSJ01_0-00010-00031591-00031791": "MSG", "f6gYVSJ01_0-00011-00033407-00033607": "eaten with rice is very delicious", "f6gYVSJ01_0-00012-00037390-00037590": "I will eat it, please", "f6gYVSJ01_0-00013-00039098-00039298": "delicious", "f6gYVSJ01_0-00014-00040498-00040698": "peanut fragrance", "f6gYVSJ01_0-00015-00050596-00050796": "Can you make your own peanut salt", "f6gYVSJ01_0-00016-00053586-00053786": "good luck", "f6gYVSJ01_0-00017-00055782-00055982": "the video I would like to close", "f6gYVSJ01_0-00018-00056345-00056545": "good bye and see you again"}}, {"audio_id": "f6juOVih3bu", "text": {"f6juOVih3bu-00000-00000064-00000664": "What is the right TV height for bars? What's the best size? In this video I'll", "f6juOVih3bu-00001-00000664-00001212": "discuss the most common TV sizes for bars and the ideal mounting height.", "f6juOVih3bu-00002-00001220-00001350": "Coming up!", "f6juOVih3bu-00003-00002620-00002993": "Hey, Rick Uzubell again from Cabaret Design Group, where I share my personal", "f6juOVih3bu-00004-00002993-00003632": "ideas and tips on bar design, draught beer system design and product reviews. Later", "f6juOVih3bu-00005-00003632-00004101": "in this video, I'll give you 'Today's Takeaway'. If you're new here, please consider", "f6juOVih3bu-00006-00004101-00004509": "subscribing and check-out the show notes and links in the 'YouTube Description'", "f6juOVih3bu-00007-00004509-00004843": "below. Now let's jump into the show!", "f6juOVih3bu-00008-00004940-00005168": "What is the right TV height for bars?", "f6juOVih3bu-00009-00005168-00005400": "What's the best size?", "f6juOVih3bu-00010-00005430-00005751": "Just purchased a bunch of LED TVs for your new bar", "f6juOVih3bu-00011-00005751-00005979": "and now you don't know how high to mount them?", "f6juOVih3bu-00012-00005979-00006300": "People are always asking the best size for TV's for bars.", "f6juOVih3bu-00013-00006350-00006738": "As I always say, when it comes to TV's for bars, sports", "f6juOVih3bu-00014-00006738-00007190": "bars and restaurants, the bigger the better, but since most owners purchase", "f6juOVih3bu-00015-00007190-00007748": "multiple TV's, the sweet spot for retailers and owners is between US$500-$600.", "f6juOVih3bu-00016-00007748-00008243": "The new hotspot for TV's that match this price is 55\",", "f6juOVih3bu-00017-00008243-00008739": "however, 50-inch TVs can still be the proper choice, when attempting to fit", "f6juOVih3bu-00018-00008739-00009164": "them on a soffit, as shown in this example. As for the correct installation", "f6juOVih3bu-00019-00009164-00009668": "height, there's obviously a difference between optimizing a TV for a bar and", "f6juOVih3bu-00020-00009668-00010046": "one for your living room. In the case of the bar, you'll have people of differing", "f6juOVih3bu-00021-00010046-00010442": "heights and distances and although this would seem to add to the difficulty of", "f6juOVih3bu-00022-00010442-00010928": "planning, it actually makes it easier, as patrons will move to the spot they find", "f6juOVih3bu-00023-00010928-00011208": "most comfortable. According to architectural standards,", "f6juOVih3bu-00024-00011208-00011570": "the goal is to set the height of the TV so the people", "f6juOVih3bu-00025-00011570-00012020": "closest will see the middle 10\", as shown in this plan. By", "f6juOVih3bu-00026-00012020-00012392": "the same standards, the best forward viewing angle of a", "f6juOVih3bu-00027-00012392-00013110": "patron is 30-35 degrees. This implies that the ideal height is more critical", "f6juOVih3bu-00028-00013110-00013580": "for the people closest to the TV, because their viewing angle is the shortest.", "f6juOVih3bu-00029-00013880-00014269": "As seen in this example, patrons standing or seated", "f6juOVih3bu-00030-00014269-00014590": "14 feet from the bar can see the middle portion of the", "f6juOVih3bu-00031-00014590-00014923": "TV much easier than patrons sitting at the bar,", "f6juOVih3bu-00032-00014923-00015274": "which is approximately five feet from the screen.", "f6juOVih3bu-00033-00015274-00015600": "When installing the TV, it should be tilted forward", "f6juOVih3bu-00034-00015600-00015819": "slightly, to optimize the viewing angle.", "f6juOVih3bu-00035-00015940-00016250": "For many TV's, this angle is between 5-8 degrees.", "f6juOVih3bu-00036-00016250-00016700": "The best gauge for most bars and sports bars is to set", "f6juOVih3bu-00037-00016700-00017130": "the bottom of the TV at 90\" above the finished floor", "f6juOVih3bu-00038-00017130-00017707": "and tilt it between five to eight degrees forward. Most TV's will work", "f6juOVih3bu-00039-00017707-00018215": "optimally at an angle within this range. In addition to the above, the quality of", "f6juOVih3bu-00040-00018215-00018760": "the images of flat screen TV's drops as the lateral viewing angle increases to", "f6juOVih3bu-00041-00018760-00019340": "about 35 degrees. Therefore, because a single line of TV's isn't capable of", "f6juOVih3bu-00042-00019340-00019829": "servicing the needs of a large crowd, the way to adequately service a large crowd", "f6juOVih3bu-00043-00019829-00020340": "is by installing TV's on multiple walls, as shown this photo.", "f6juOVih3bu-00044-00020913-00021265": "When mounting TV's to soffits and walls, I always", "f6juOVih3bu-00045-00021265-00021770": "specify the installation of one layer of 3/4\" CDX", "f6juOVih3bu-00046-00021770-00022186": "fire-treated plywood over the entire surface, before", "f6juOVih3bu-00047-00022186-00022482": "the installation of drywall. This will provide you", "f6juOVih3bu-00048-00022482-00022890": "an infinite number of places in which to install your TV's.", "f6juOVih3bu-00049-00022890-00023280": "See you next time!"}}, {"audio_id": "f6RlzHvtvbU", "text": {"f6RlzHvtvbU-00000-00000048-00000648": "welcome to cosmic's team with jill jardine i'm your host jill jordin long time astrologer psychic", "f6RlzHvtvbU-00001-00000648-00001296": "healer and yogi with a master's in counseling psychology my guest in today's episode is", "f6RlzHvtvbU-00002-00001296-00001984": "amira hall amira is a spirit medium she's serving as a bridge between the spiritual and physical", "f6RlzHvtvbU-00003-00001984-00002752": "world she has a lot to share in this episode today so stay tuned the episode with my guest amira hall", "f6RlzHvtvbU-00004-00002752-00003424": "amira is a spirit medium she has been refining her skills as a spiritual medium teacher and", "f6RlzHvtvbU-00005-00003424-00003976": "mentor for two decades she has traveled the world to study various teachings and trained", "f6RlzHvtvbU-00006-00003976-00004600": "with many advanced enlightened teachers amira has published three books love up your life", "f6RlzHvtvbU-00007-00004672-00005424": "manifesting miracles 101 and the essential guide to spiritual awakening these are a way", "f6RlzHvtvbU-00008-00005424-00006200": "to have access to her teachings for those whom a reading personal session these are not necessary"}}, {"audio_id": "f7pdXt34Lvy", "text": {"f7pdXt34Lvy-00000-00000014-00000558": "So I'm Kirsten Huffer and I'm from Tallahassee, Florida and here in Cyprus I'm living in Kato", "f7pdXt34Lvy-00001-00000558-00001144": "Polemidio near Limassol and I'm working as a Fulbright English Teaching Assistant at", "f7pdXt34Lvy-00002-00001144-00001323": "an elementary school.", "f7pdXt34Lvy-00003-00001323-00001782": "I think that the most memorable part of teaching here is when the principal asked me to help", "f7pdXt34Lvy-00004-00001782-00002202": "her with music lessons, which I never imagined doing, but it's been great fun with the first", "f7pdXt34Lvy-00005-00002202-00002492": "and second grade, singing and dancing with them.", "f7pdXt34Lvy-00006-00002492-00003021": "My favorite thing about Cyprus is the hospitality, just how everyone welcomes you into their", "f7pdXt34Lvy-00007-00003021-00003340": "homes, and feeds you good food.", "f7pdXt34Lvy-00008-00003340-00003875": "I was excited to get to meet students and young people and learn about Cyprus firsthand", "f7pdXt34Lvy-00009-00003875-00003918": "from them."}}, {"audio_id": "f86-V6KK09A", "text": {"f86-V6KK09A-00000-00000051-00000329": "The road has a way of taking you.", "f86-V6KK09A-00001-00000329-00001044": "You set off toward a destination, but as you slow down to take in what lies along the way,", "f86-V6KK09A-00002-00001044-00001661": "you realize that every little town and village has something incredible to offer.", "f86-V6KK09A-00003-00001661-00002057": "I have loved travel since I was twelve years old.", "f86-V6KK09A-00004-00002057-00002667": "I have never forgotten the wonder of jumping on the train to visit my mother, and hearing", "f86-V6KK09A-00005-00002667-00003192": "new stories from passengers getting on at each stop along the way.", "f86-V6KK09A-00006-00003192-00003867": "Or seeing villages and cities go past the window, and wondering if things are very different", "f86-V6KK09A-00007-00003867-00004067": "from my own hometown.", "f86-V6KK09A-00008-00004067-00004760": "Since those days I have traveled a lot, and have always been amazed at how much we all", "f86-V6KK09A-00009-00004760-00005387": "have in common, and have learned to treasure the things that set each place apart.", "f86-V6KK09A-00010-00005387-00005935": "Every place has a story, and its being added to all the time.", "f86-V6KK09A-00011-00005935-00006573": "I have set out on the road to see if I can get a small piece of that story.", "f86-V6KK09A-00012-00006573-00007291": "I hope you will join us as we make our way to each incredible destination, both known", "f86-V6KK09A-00013-00007291-00007391": "and unknown.", "f86-V6KK09A-00014-00007391-00007784": "Who knows where the road will take us.", "f86-V6KK09A-00015-00007784-00008540": "As I become part of your story and you become part of my story, it becomes our story."}}, {"audio_id": "f8r2dVjRESE", "text": {"f8r2dVjRESE-00000-00000000-00012832": "Abstract VJ Loop | Blue Kaleidoscope Space | 4K UHD | DJ Visuals | Motion Graphics Background"}}, {"audio_id": "f8sMIZi48Py", "text": {"f8sMIZi48Py-00000-00000624-00001441": "foreign [Music] skirt I want to explain to you how to make such skirts I'm sure you will", "f8sMIZi48Py-00001-00001441-00002552": "understand first I cut the base of the skirt I choose a half circle skirt [Music] from", "f8sMIZi48Py-00002-00002552-00003108": "the line of the bottom of the skirt at a distance of seven centimeters I draw the first line", "f8sMIZi48Py-00003-00003108-00004768": "foreign from the first line at the same distance I draw the second line [Music] then the third", "f8sMIZi48Py-00004-00004768-00007315": "line [Music]", "f8sMIZi48Py-00005-00007315-00008036": "and the top line of the skirt will be the first line", "f8sMIZi48Py-00006-00008036-00008864": "on each of these lines I Mark new marks the distance between these marks is five centimeters", "f8sMIZi48Py-00007-00008864-00010239": "[Music]", "f8sMIZi48Py-00008-00010239-00010671": "I calculate the total number of all these marks", "f8sMIZi48Py-00009-00010671-00011910": "[Music]", "f8sMIZi48Py-00010-00011910-00013658": "[Music] and the top line of the skirt will be the first line", "f8sMIZi48Py-00011-00013658-00015131": "foreign [Music]", "f8sMIZi48Py-00012-00015131-00015231": "marks", "f8sMIZi48Py-00013-00015231-00015947": "78 marks", "f8sMIZi48Py-00014-00015947-00017044": "I cut two squares 78 pieces the size of the square is 29 by 29 centimeters", "f8sMIZi48Py-00015-00017044-00018384": "foreign all 78 squares to the skirt", "f8sMIZi48Py-00016-00018384-00018648": "each Square to one mark", "f8sMIZi48Py-00017-00018648-00019578": "[Music]", "f8sMIZi48Py-00018-00019578-00019720": "each Square to one mark", "f8sMIZi48Py-00019-00019720-00020752": "[Music]", "f8sMIZi48Py-00020-00020752-00021783": "foreign", "f8sMIZi48Py-00021-00021783-00022814": "[Music]", "f8sMIZi48Py-00022-00022814-00023846": "[Music]", "f8sMIZi48Py-00023-00023846-00024876": "foreign", "f8sMIZi48Py-00024-00024876-00025907": "[Music]", "f8sMIZi48Py-00025-00025907-00026938": "[Music]", "f8sMIZi48Py-00026-00026938-00031064": "[Music] thank you [Music]", "f8sMIZi48Py-00027-00031064-00031239": "then I sew on the Belt", "f8sMIZi48Py-00028-00031239-00032710": "this is the first scheme for such skirts [Music]", "f8sMIZi48Py-00029-00032710-00033206": "I will talk about other schemes in the following videos"}}, {"audio_id": "f8NoTcQF49A", "text": {"f8NoTcQF49A-00000-00000814-00000896": "Welcome to sea game 32nd in Cambodia 🇰🇭."}}, {"audio_id": "f8QnKvQCH2Y", "text": {"f8QnKvQCH2Y-00006-00000850-00001200": "Speaking Ijebu…. Kimi Blow, Kimi Blow , Kimi Blow baba joor", "f8QnKvQCH2Y-00007-00001200-00001400": "Kimi Blow Kimi Blow", "f8QnKvQCH2Y-00008-00001400-00001450": "Oya make I tell you", "f8QnKvQCH2Y-00009-00001450-00001642": "Who I be, Who you be,", "f8QnKvQCH2Y-00010-00001642-00001692": "Cfemiddy", "f8QnKvQCH2Y-00011-00001692-00001742": "Do you know, Shey you know", "f8QnKvQCH2Y-00012-00001742-00002304": "Mo ti Work Work,", "f8QnKvQCH2Y-00013-00002304-00002416": "Just don’t look", "f8QnKvQCH2Y-00014-00002416-00002616": "What have been through", "f8QnKvQCH2Y-00015-00002616-00002816": "Baba Loke gan ti mo scope, ti mo scope", "f8QnKvQCH2Y-00016-00002816-00002977": "Oni ki ma pray, Ki de ma lo Vaseline", "f8QnKvQCH2Y-00017-00002977-00003228": "So you see me, see my shining face.", "f8QnKvQCH2Y-00018-00003228-00003428": "Mo ti gbi yan ju, Kimi Blow Kimi Blow Mo ti gbi yanj ju, Mo fe Blow", "f8QnKvQCH2Y-00019-00003428-00003543": "Mo ti gbi yan ju, Kimi Blow Kimi Blow ,", "f8QnKvQCH2Y-00020-00003543-00003630": "Mo ti gbi yanj ju, Mo fe Blow", "f8QnKvQCH2Y-00021-00003630-00003680": "Mo ti gbi yanj ju", "f8QnKvQCH2Y-00022-00003680-00003730": "Mo fe Blow", "f8QnKvQCH2Y-00025-00003830-00003905": "Owo ni koko, baba joor Kimi Blow", "f8QnKvQCH2Y-00030-00004105-00004155": "Owo laiye mo,Baba joor", "f8QnKvQCH2Y-00031-00004155-00004205": "kimi blow", "f8QnKvQCH2Y-00032-00004205-00004405": "Mo ti gbi yanj ju, kimi blow", "f8QnKvQCH2Y-00033-00004405-00004605": "Mo ti gbi yanj ju, kimi blow", "f8QnKvQCH2Y-00034-00004605-00004805": "Mo ti gbi yanj ju, Mo fe Blow", "f8QnKvQCH2Y-00035-00004805-00004904": "Owo ni koko, baba joor Kimi Blow", "f8QnKvQCH2Y-00037-00004954-00005004": "Owo laiye mo,", "f8QnKvQCH2Y-00038-00005004-00005054": "Baba joor kimi blow", "f8QnKvQCH2Y-00039-00005054-00005104": "Owo laiye mo", "f8QnKvQCH2Y-00040-00005104-00005304": "Owo laiye mo, Baba joor kimi blow", "f8QnKvQCH2Y-00041-00005304-00005504": "Blow, Blow, Blow, Blow Blow,", "f8QnKvQCH2Y-00042-00005504-00005704": "Blow, Blow, Blow", "f8QnKvQCH2Y-00043-00005704-00005754": "Blow, Blow, Blow", "f8QnKvQCH2Y-00045-00005804-00005880": "Baby Shey your love", "f8QnKvQCH2Y-00047-00005930-00005980": "Don’t cost anything", "f8QnKvQCH2Y-00049-00006030-00006080": "But money gan ma de run many things", "f8QnKvQCH2Y-00050-00006080-00006130": "But money gan ma de run many things", "f8QnKvQCH2Y-00054-00006280-00006330": "She keep telling me,", "f8QnKvQCH2Y-00056-00006380-00006485": "Owo ni Koko, baby sho mo be", "f8QnKvQCH2Y-00057-00006485-00006585": "Owo ni Koko, baby sho mo be", "f8QnKvQCH2Y-00059-00006635-00006685": "Owo dun no,", "f8QnKvQCH2Y-00060-00006685-00006735": "baby sho mo be", "f8QnKvQCH2Y-00061-00006735-00006785": "Why I always me,", "f8QnKvQCH2Y-00063-00006835-00006901": "I could form", "f8QnKvQCH2Y-00065-00006951-00007001": "Ballotelli", "f8QnKvQCH2Y-00067-00007051-00007101": "Mo ya keep space like", "f8QnKvQCH2Y-00069-00007151-00007201": "COVID 19.", "f8QnKvQCH2Y-00071-00007251-00007339": "Baba Loke gan ti mo scope, Ti mo scope", "f8QnKvQCH2Y-00072-00007339-00007389": "Ti mo scope", "f8QnKvQCH2Y-00076-00007539-00007589": "Oni ki ma pray,", "f8QnKvQCH2Y-00077-00007589-00007639": "Pray", "f8QnKvQCH2Y-00078-00007639-00007689": "Ki nde ma lo Vaseline", "f8QnKvQCH2Y-00079-00007689-00007739": "Vaseline", "f8QnKvQCH2Y-00081-00007789-00007839": "So you see me", "f8QnKvQCH2Y-00083-00007889-00007939": "See my shining face.", "f8QnKvQCH2Y-00084-00007939-00008139": "Mo ti gbi yan ju, Kimi Blow Kimi Blow", "f8QnKvQCH2Y-00085-00008139-00008339": "Mo ti gbi yan ju, Kimi Blow Kimi Blow", "f8QnKvQCH2Y-00086-00008339-00008539": "Mo ti gbi yanj ju, Mo fe Blow", "f8QnKvQCH2Y-00087-00008539-00008739": "Owo ni koko, baba joor Kimi Blow", "f8QnKvQCH2Y-00088-00008739-00008939": "Owo laiye mo, Baba joor kimi blow", "f8QnKvQCH2Y-00089-00008939-00009139": "Mo ti gbi yanj ju, Mo kimi blow", "f8QnKvQCH2Y-00090-00009139-00009267": "Mo ti gbi yanj ju,", "f8QnKvQCH2Y-00091-00009267-00009539": "Mo fe Blow", "f8QnKvQCH2Y-00092-00009539-00009637": "Owo ni koko, baba joor Kimi Blow", "f8QnKvQCH2Y-00095-00009737-00009787": "Owo laiye mo", "f8QnKvQCH2Y-00096-00009787-00009837": "Baba joor", "f8QnKvQCH2Y-00097-00009837-00009887": "kimi blow", "f8QnKvQCH2Y-00098-00009887-00010287": "Baba mo ni ko fun mi ni DODO", "f8QnKvQCH2Y-00099-00010287-00010337": "So many people don dey", "f8QnKvQCH2Y-00101-00010387-00010437": "FOFO", "f8QnKvQCH2Y-00102-00010437-00010487": "Mo ya work", "f8QnKvQCH2Y-00103-00010487-00010537": "work work", "f8QnKvQCH2Y-00104-00010537-00010737": "work work", "f8QnKvQCH2Y-00106-00010937-00010987": "Baba", "f8QnKvQCH2Y-00107-00010987-00011037": "mo ni ko fun mi ni", "f8QnKvQCH2Y-00108-00011037-00011109": "DODO", "f8QnKvQCH2Y-00111-00011209-00011259": "So many people", "f8QnKvQCH2Y-00112-00011259-00011309": "So many people", "f8QnKvQCH2Y-00113-00011309-00011359": "don dey FOFO", "f8QnKvQCH2Y-00114-00011359-00011409": "don dey FOFO", "f8QnKvQCH2Y-00115-00011409-00011459": "Mo ya work", "f8QnKvQCH2Y-00116-00011459-00011509": "Mo ya work", "f8QnKvQCH2Y-00117-00011509-00011559": "work work", "f8QnKvQCH2Y-00118-00011559-00011759": "Moya", "f8QnKvQCH2Y-00119-00011759-00011918": "Mo ya work, work", "f8QnKvQCH2Y-00120-00011918-00012002": "Baba Loke gan ti mo scope", "f8QnKvQCH2Y-00121-00012002-00012088": "ti mo scope", "f8QnKvQCH2Y-00122-00012088-00012138": "ti mo scope", "f8QnKvQCH2Y-00124-00012188-00012238": "Oni ki ma pray,", "f8QnKvQCH2Y-00125-00012238-00012288": "Ki de ma lo Vaseline", "f8QnKvQCH2Y-00126-00012288-00012338": "Vaseline", "f8QnKvQCH2Y-00129-00012438-00012488": "So", "f8QnKvQCH2Y-00130-00012488-00012538": "So you see me", "f8QnKvQCH2Y-00131-00012538-00012588": "see", "f8QnKvQCH2Y-00132-00012588-00012638": "see my shining face.", "f8QnKvQCH2Y-00133-00012638-00012728": "Mo ti gbi yanj ju,", "f8QnKvQCH2Y-00134-00012728-00012784": "Kimi Blow", "f8QnKvQCH2Y-00135-00012784-00012834": "Kimi Blow Kimi Blow", "f8QnKvQCH2Y-00137-00012884-00012934": "Mo ti gbi yanj ju,", "f8QnKvQCH2Y-00138-00012934-00012984": "Kimi Blow Mo ti gbi yanj ju", "f8QnKvQCH2Y-00139-00012984-00013034": "Mofe Blow Owo ni koko", "f8QnKvQCH2Y-00140-00013034-00013139": "Baba joor Kimi Blow", "f8QnKvQCH2Y-00141-00013089-00013139": "Owo laiye mo, Baba joor kimi blow", "f8QnKvQCH2Y-00142-00013139-00013189": "Owo ni koko, baba joor Kimi Blow", "f8QnKvQCH2Y-00144-00013239-00013289": "Baba joor kimi blow", "f8QnKvQCH2Y-00145-00013289-00013339": "kimi blow", "f8QnKvQCH2Y-00147-00013389-00013439": "Owo laiye mo, Baba joor kimi blow", "f8QnKvQCH2Y-00148-00013439-00013639": "Baba joor kimi blow"}}, {"audio_id": "f8a8dlHCCWI", "text": {"f8a8dlHCCWI-00000-00000002-00000302": "You understand? There's nowhere without corruption in this country.", "f8a8dlHCCWI-00001-00000304-00000505": "Local Rule and the Right to Housing", "f8a8dlHCCWI-00002-00000507-00000701": "- Shabramant, Giza", "f8a8dlHCCWI-00003-00000701-00001105": "Where does corruption come from? From the minor officials who can get the job done for you.", "f8a8dlHCCWI-00004-00001107-00001407": "The minister might issue a decision and those under him don't enforce it.", "f8a8dlHCCWI-00005-00001407-00001701": "They say, 'sure, sure' and fill out the paperwork.", "f8a8dlHCCWI-00006-00001701-00002101": "But the reality? Someone pulls you to the side and asks for money and that's it.", "f8a8dlHCCWI-00007-00002101-00002307": "The minister doesn't know, no one knows.", "f8a8dlHCCWI-00008-00002402-00003107": "What do they do? The come, take some money, eat, order a drink, have a nescafe, and leave.", "f8a8dlHCCWI-00009-00003107-00003509": "That's what the municipalities do here, nothing more.", "f8a8dlHCCWI-00010-00003602-00003900": "- Old Cairo", "f8a8dlHCCWI-00011-00003900-00004305": "We're the ones who built it, because it's our area. So the place looks nice.", "f8a8dlHCCWI-00012-00004305-00004606": "We got a permit from the governor and everything else we needed.", "f8a8dlHCCWI-00013-00004606-00005000": "But an engineer at the municipality made things difficult for us.", "f8a8dlHCCWI-00014-00005002-00005307": "He wanted 5000 EGP to get the shop license.", "f8a8dlHCCWI-00015-00005307-00006108": "It's a bribe, basically. If we had to pay that money to get the license itself, fine. I'd pay.", "f8a8dlHCCWI-00016-00006108-00006307": "But this is just a bribe.", "f8a8dlHCCWI-00017-00006403-00006506": "- Nabi Daniel Street, Alexandria", "f8a8dlHCCWI-00018-00006506-00006906": "No one told us anything. The police showed up suddenly at 3am.", "f8a8dlHCCWI-00019-00006908-00007403": "They searched through everything, tore the place apart.", "f8a8dlHCCWI-00020-00007403-00007703": "Our shop has been there since 1974.", "f8a8dlHCCWI-00021-00007703-00007900": "They should give us a license to be here.", "f8a8dlHCCWI-00022-00007900-00008203": "My father has been here for 60 years. No one can come move us now. It's not right.", "f8a8dlHCCWI-00023-00008208-00008501": "- Residents of Imam Al-Ghazali St., Imbaba, Giza", "f8a8dlHCCWI-00024-00008501-00009202": "We're protesting in front of the governorate building because the sewage plant lines are falling apart.", "f8a8dlHCCWI-00025-00009202-00010206": "So now there is water saturating the sand under the houses, causing the houses to sink and collapse.", "f8a8dlHCCWI-00026-00010206-00010604": "We called the officials at the plant, they said they don't know anything about it.", "f8a8dlHCCWI-00027-00010604-00010902": "They refused to come and said they wouldn't do anything.", "f8a8dlHCCWI-00028-00010902-00011200": "We called the head of the municipality; it's as if he doesn't exist.", "f8a8dlHCCWI-00029-00011201-00011701": "The governor has known what's going on for a year now, since he became governor.", "f8a8dlHCCWI-00030-00011702-00011909": "He's known since the first houses on the street collapsed, and hasn't done a thing.", "f8a8dlHCCWI-00031-00012007-00012208": "- Haj Abu Ahmed, Kawm Ghurab, Old Cairo", "f8a8dlHCCWI-00032-00012209-00012601": "We're not just up to our knees in corruption, it's worse than that.", "f8a8dlHCCWI-00033-00012601-00012907": "Don't get me started on the municipalities. They're the most corrupt places in the world.", "f8a8dlHCCWI-00034-00012907-00013301": "Do you know the people on the municipality board here?", "f8a8dlHCCWI-00035-00013301-00013706": "Yes. Any member of parliament, if he wins, he puts two of his relatives on the board.", "f8a8dlHCCWI-00036-00013706-00013804": "They recommend them?", "f8a8dlHCCWI-00037-00013804-00014009": "Of course. The NDP.", "f8a8dlHCCWI-00038-00014009-00014208": "- Eng. Ikrami, Former Youth Member, Al-Waili Local Council.", "f8a8dlHCCWI-00039-00014208-00014808": "I was a member of the Al-Waili local council, in a subdivision called Sarayat.", "f8a8dlHCCWI-00040-00014808-00015207": "They forged an address for me. I was in an area I didn't know anything about.", "f8a8dlHCCWI-00041-00015207-00015705": "I didn't know anyone there. All I knew was the member of parliament.", "f8a8dlHCCWI-00042-00015705-00016303": "That was the first time I'd seen something like that, the first time I witnessed elections being forged.", "f8a8dlHCCWI-00043-00016303-00016801": "There would be someone standing next to you with a piece of paper, telling you which numbers to mark.", "f8a8dlHCCWI-00044-00016807-00017004": "Inside the council?", "f8a8dlHCCWI-00045-00017004-00017400": "Not just inside, on top of the box itself, holding the paper.", "f8a8dlHCCWI-00046-00017400-00017703": "As if it's totally normal. You put down the paper, hello, goodbye, and that's it.", "f8a8dlHCCWI-00047-00017705-00018301": "When the results came out, of course the people they wanted to win won.", "f8a8dlHCCWI-00048-00018301-00018605": "The 4--no, 5--who won were from the NDP.", "f8a8dlHCCWI-00049-00018606-00019004": "They were like, \"well that won't work. Five from the NDP. There has to be one from the opposition.\"", "f8a8dlHCCWI-00050-00019005-00019205": "In the end they said, here, we made someone from the Wafd win.", "f8a8dlHCCWI-00051-00019301-00019503": "What should the role of the local councils be?", "f8a8dlHCCWI-00052-00019601-00019800": "- Dr. Khaled Abdel-Halim, Director, Local Development Watch, Ministry of Local Development", "f8a8dlHCCWI-00053-00019800-00020105": "Local councils are supposed to manage five things.", "f8a8dlHCCWI-00054-00020105-00020309": "(1) local transportation, roads, and sidewalks, (2) street lighting,", "f8a8dlHCCWI-00055-00020401-00021006": "(3) trash collection and sanitation services, (4) security, traffic, and firefighting,", "f8a8dlHCCWI-00056-00021102-00022509": "Item (5) is local unit support. This is for things related to the unit itself, for example administrative supplies, computers, or furnishings.", "f8a8dlHCCWI-00057-00022601-00023506": "They can also create social programs, for example, offering loans to female heads of households or other programs or campaigns.", "f8a8dlHCCWI-00058-00023506-00023809": "They have a budget for things like that.", "f8a8dlHCCWI-00059-00023809-00024306": "Those are the five items. Other than that, they can't allocate funding.", "f8a8dlHCCWI-00060-00024306-00025007": "How much of the government budget goes to the local councils?", "f8a8dlHCCWI-00061-00025007-00025702": "It used to be 8%. In recent years they started talking about decentralization and it went up to 10-15%.", "f8a8dlHCCWI-00062-00025702-00026200": "We're not trying to say that the ministry isn't important. It's very important.", "f8a8dlHCCWI-00063-00026200-00026504": "But the ministry has to be given the powers to do its job.", "f8a8dlHCCWI-00064-00026504-00026900": "It has to have the employees and be restructured so it can play this role.", "f8a8dlHCCWI-00065-00026900-00027302": "If you're going to shift to decentralization, you have to take from the powers of the service ministries.", "f8a8dlHCCWI-00066-00027302-00027808": "Ideally, what is done with the remaining 85% of the budget would be decided at the local level.", "f8a8dlHCCWI-00067-00027808-00028604": "Now you have entities which might help limit crises, or they might make them worse.", "f8a8dlHCCWI-00068-00028604-00028900": "Or maybe they don't do anything.", "f8a8dlHCCWI-00069-00028904-00029105": "Local rule is a fundamental part of the right to housing", "f8a8dlHCCWI-00070-00029105-00029708": "If one really wants to enter political life, the local councils play an important role.", "f8a8dlHCCWI-00071-00029804-00030000": "- Sheikh Jameel, Saint Catherine, Sinai", "f8a8dlHCCWI-00072-00030000-00030401": "It used to be that the municipalities just talked, and didn't do anything.", "f8a8dlHCCWI-00073-00030401-00030909": "But in the coming period--don't tell us the village is too far out, too far away.", "f8a8dlHCCWI-00074-00030909-00031201": "Don't tell us the people are too far from the main roads.", "f8a8dlHCCWI-00075-00031201-00031501": "No. They're citizens. They have the right to live in dignity.", "f8a8dlHCCWI-00076-00031501-00031702": "They have the right to road access.", "f8a8dlHCCWI-00077-00031702-00032007": "They have the right to have electricity 24 hours/day, like anyone else.", "f8a8dlHCCWI-00078-00032007-00032205": "- Ahmad Al-Aqra', Bir Um Sultan, Al-Basateen", "f8a8dlHCCWI-00079-00032205-00032509": "The local councils were supposed to be the ones overseeing things. It was the opposite.", "f8a8dlHCCWI-00080-00032509-00032705": "But that was before the revolution.", "f8a8dlHCCWI-00081-00032705-00033705": "We'd love to say that now after the revolution everything has changed. That there's oversight now.", "f8a8dlHCCWI-00082-00033809-00034102": "Participate - Watch - Claim your rights", "f8a8dlHCCWI-00083-00034107-00034308": "- Popular Committee for the Defense of the Revolution, Imbaba", "f8a8dlHCCWI-00084-00034308-00034804": "We want to send a message. We haven't blocked the roads or done anything wrong.", "f8a8dlHCCWI-00085-00034804-00035205": "We came to claim our rights. We're here because of the houses that collapsed on top of our heads.", "f8a8dlHCCWI-00086-00035205-00035304": "We'll give them a week.", "f8a8dlHCCWI-00087-00035304-00035500": "We'll give them a week to get started.", "f8a8dlHCCWI-00088-00035500-00035901": "Maybe it'll take a month, a year to complete. The important thing is they start, and continue, the work.", "f8a8dlHCCWI-00089-00035905-00036200": "Did you claim your rights?", "f8a8dlHCCWI-00090-00036200-00036503": "Local Rule and the Right to Housing, Part 2. Series on the Right to Housing Initiative"}}, {"audio_id": "f8bhOrtI8PY", "text": {"f8bhOrtI8PY-00000-00001137-00001995": "so what's your name Oh what's your name I'm videotaping this right now Jackson does it", "f8bhOrtI8PY-00001-00001995-00004274": "all that yeah you know I hate this [ __ ] I hate you like that I'm putting on KMZ man I'm Angela", "f8bhOrtI8PY-00002-00005914-00006643": "it's time I listen to my heart I'm overdue for a brand new shock left part of my life", "f8bhOrtI8PY-00003-00006643-00007417": "so far it's time to get clean and sober I don't know the [ __ ] out there I don't", "f8bhOrtI8PY-00004-00007417-00008209": "know where the [ __ ] I was [ __ ] up on sex and drugs so my thinking I was in love", "f8bhOrtI8PY-00005-00008209-00008992": "I'm in a tunnel and I can't get out it's dark and I'm having down the monster and the mirror", "f8bhOrtI8PY-00006-00008992-00009775": "ain't me he scares the living [ __ ] out of me I [ __ ] up and ended up in jail and now it's", "f8bhOrtI8PY-00007-00009775-00010516": "time to escape this hell space I made it be a [ __ ] that gosh you didn't send me to my grave"}}, {"audio_id": "f9jX-mfoKMQ", "text": {"f9jX-mfoKMQ-00000-00000000-00000180": "Hi there everyone", "f9jX-mfoKMQ-00001-00000534-00001278": "and welcome to another contribution to the SNL the Africa newsletter. today I have Alima Konaté here", "f9jX-mfoKMQ-00002-00001278-00001998": "with me who's joining us online from Burkina Faso. Alima works for the project ProEmploi in Burkina", "f9jX-mfoKMQ-00003-00001998-00002670": "Faso which is part of the global project rural youth employment that improves the qualification", "f9jX-mfoKMQ-00004-00002670-00003329": "and employment situation for Rural Youth and women in four African countries. Alima is going", "f9jX-mfoKMQ-00005-00003329-00003984": "to give a pecha kucha presentation on a successful gender transformative intervention that supported", "f9jX-mfoKMQ-00006-00003984-00004698": "rural women-led micro and small enterprises in the agri-food sector. So over to you Alima", "f9jX-mfoKMQ-00007-00004842-00005820": "thank you my presentation is about the creation and acceleration of that to women businesses here", "f9jX-mfoKMQ-00008-00005820-00006834": "in Burkina Faso. W hy I do this presentation this activity? we do that because we have many", "f9jX-mfoKMQ-00009-00006834-00007656": "challenges here in Burkina Faso for women to access to land to access to training to access", "f9jX-mfoKMQ-00010-00007656-00008334": "to markets to access to equipment and technology and to access to finance. We have the low access", "f9jX-mfoKMQ-00011-00008334-00009582": "of women also to business development services. why this activity is relevant? this activity is", "f9jX-mfoKMQ-00012-00009582-00010146": "relevant for us because we have the high participation of women in the agricultural", "f9jX-mfoKMQ-00013-00010146-00011232": "and agri-food sector in Burkina Faso. here women occupy about 60 percent of the agri-food activity.", "f9jX-mfoKMQ-00014-00011406-00012300": "but however we have a poor access to to resources and opportunity in this sector. For women", "f9jX-mfoKMQ-00015-00012420-00013374": "the activity is also relevant because it provides support and advice to women and", "f9jX-mfoKMQ-00016-00013374-00014400": "for the empowerment in the Agricultural and agri-food sector and concretely what we done", "f9jX-mfoKMQ-00017-00014400-00015168": "here in Burkina Faso concerning this project. we have many activities. the first activity is", "f9jX-mfoKMQ-00018-00015168-00015912": "the conducting a diagnostic study on the need and interests of women entrepreneurs also we", "f9jX-mfoKMQ-00019-00015912-00016926": "have the identity identification of 50 women and we have the pre-incubation with 50 women.", "f9jX-mfoKMQ-00020-00017088-00018102": "the second activity is training. we have training of 15 women on Rural Entrepreneurship skills,", "f9jX-mfoKMQ-00021-00018102-00018876": "a technical financial and a managerial sewing skills. also we have the development", "f9jX-mfoKMQ-00022-00018876-00019788": "and mentorship program for these women to deepen women's ideas and for the creation of Entry price", "f9jX-mfoKMQ-00023-00019788-00020616": "and also we have the organization of two files for women access to finance with public and private", "f9jX-mfoKMQ-00024-00020616-00021888": "actors. the next activity is the handover of all the equipment to women. we are supporting uh 10", "f9jX-mfoKMQ-00025-00021888-00022980": "best women's startup project with equipment and also a we wehave the individual coaching during", "f9jX-mfoKMQ-00026-00022980-00024126": "month on how to use the equipment. after that we have the field trips to monitor women's activities", "f9jX-mfoKMQ-00027-00024210-00024828": "and now what has your result and impact of this activity?", "f9jX-mfoKMQ-00028-00024948-00025824": "the first main result is that 15 women were empowered on entrepreneurship business creation", "f9jX-mfoKMQ-00029-00025824-00027089": "and ideation. we have 35 women were supported and now they created their businesses we have also", "f9jX-mfoKMQ-00030-00027377-00028536": "a result we have a 28 jobs were created. in this case a 15 full-time job and 30 a part-time job.", "f9jX-mfoKMQ-00031-00028536-00029477": "we have also 25 women's businesses that has increased their income by 39 percent", "f9jX-mfoKMQ-00032-00029820-00030366": "why these activities is gender transformative for us?", "f9jX-mfoKMQ-00033-00030468-00031092": "these activities in gender transformative because on an individual level we have the", "f9jX-mfoKMQ-00034-00031092-00031764": "self-confidence for women to run their own business. we have also the better knowledge", "f9jX-mfoKMQ-00035-00031764-00032364": "of entrepreneurial environment agency existing Financial products and services.", "f9jX-mfoKMQ-00036-00032508-00033306": "in the individual level we have the better confidence for women in extensions with all", "f9jX-mfoKMQ-00037-00033306-00033918": "the actors in The entrepreneurial environment. you have also the ability to express themselves", "f9jX-mfoKMQ-00038-00033918-00034716": "and Define their project ideas. and now we say this activity is a gender transformative because", "f9jX-mfoKMQ-00039-00034716-00035472": "at the relational level we have the strengthening of entrepreneurs personal relation between women", "f9jX-mfoKMQ-00040-00035472-00036204": "beneficiary of the intervention. we have also the development on associative Spirits building", "f9jX-mfoKMQ-00041-00036204-00037086": "up solidarity and networking between women across the locality involved in our project.", "f9jX-mfoKMQ-00042-00037146-00037776": "we have also this thing up relationship between women and microFinance Institution", "f9jX-mfoKMQ-00043-00038022-00038940": "and now on the social-cultural level, we have a positive view of family members on entrepreneurial", "f9jX-mfoKMQ-00044-00038940-00039798": "capacity of women and we have a participation of community leaders to the activities.", "f9jX-mfoKMQ-00045-00039966-00041082": "and now please at the socio-cultural level - and I say that now it is at the system", "f9jX-mfoKMQ-00046-00041082-00042078": "and structural levels, we have um the creation for the job creation for young women. we have", "f9jX-mfoKMQ-00047-00042078-00043092": "also the increased income for women and we have improving uh the condition better condition for", "f9jX-mfoKMQ-00048-00043092-00044340": "women. uh I think this is a how does this project help to achieve the objective of our project. it", "f9jX-mfoKMQ-00049-00044340-00045276": "helped to achieve the objective because it is this intervention helped women to have the job. young", "f9jX-mfoKMQ-00050-00045276-00046176": "women in the rural area he helped young women to increase income for for them and to improving the", "f9jX-mfoKMQ-00051-00046176-00047094": "condition better the better condition and for women and children in the women area. This is", "f9jX-mfoKMQ-00052-00047220-00048054": "some activities I will share with you concerning uh the empowerment", "f9jX-mfoKMQ-00053-00048054-00048458": "of women here in Burkina Faso thank you very much [Music]"}}, {"audio_id": "f9uUZfCG4bQ", "text": {"f9uUZfCG4bQ-00000-00002188-00003040": "♪ Waiata ♪", "f9uUZfCG4bQ-00001-00003056-00003304": "At Porirua the Māoris are preparing food", "f9uUZfCG4bQ-00002-00003344-00003660": "Food for the feast which will be part of the welcome to the Māori battalion", "f9uUZfCG4bQ-00003-00003732-00003940": "Today in pās all over New Zealand", "f9uUZfCG4bQ-00004-00003940-00004232": "similar preparations are being made for the return of men", "f9uUZfCG4bQ-00005-00004232-00004448": "who have been absent too long from the Marae", "f9uUZfCG4bQ-00006-00004612-00005264": "♪ Waiata ♪", "f9uUZfCG4bQ-00007-00005272-00005576": "To the wāhine falls the task of cleaning kaimoana", "f9uUZfCG4bQ-00008-00005576-00005824": "mussels, pipi, sea eggs, pāua", "f9uUZfCG4bQ-00009-00005892-00006100": "Porirua is famous for its shellfish", "f9uUZfCG4bQ-00010-00006100-00006336": "and these delicacies will not be missing from the feast", "f9uUZfCG4bQ-00011-00006336-00006600": "to be held at in Wellington almost at the ship's side.", "f9uUZfCG4bQ-00012-00006600-00007128": "♪ Waiata ♪", "f9uUZfCG4bQ-00013-00007152-00007328": "As night falls the fires are lit", "f9uUZfCG4bQ-00014-00007328-00007636": "for the biggest hāngī that has been built here for many years.", "f9uUZfCG4bQ-00015-00007664-00007776": "There is much to be cooked", "f9uUZfCG4bQ-00016-00007795-00007976": "and it's cooked in traditional style.", "f9uUZfCG4bQ-00017-00007976-00008311": "When the ovens are open the food will be taken to the wok.", "f9uUZfCG4bQ-00018-00008632-00012228": "♪ Waiata ♪", "f9uUZfCG4bQ-00019-00012260-00012664": "With sacks on top to keep the steam in the food can be left to cook on its own", "f9uUZfCG4bQ-00020-00012716-00013022": "but there will be more than food at the ceremony here on Aotea Quay,", "f9uUZfCG4bQ-00021-00013047-00013276": "there will be music and hakas and speeches.", "f9uUZfCG4bQ-00022-00013347-00013491": "Emotions are welling up", "f9uUZfCG4bQ-00023-00013491-00013840": "as the Dominion Monarch moves slowly to her berth at Pipitea wharf.", "f9uUZfCG4bQ-00024-00013856-00014606": "♪ Waiata ♪", "f9uUZfCG4bQ-00025-00014632-00014756": "For the Māori people", "f9uUZfCG4bQ-00026-00014756-00014956": "this is the ship they've been waiting for.", "f9uUZfCG4bQ-00027-00015044-00016576": "♪ Waiata ♪", "f9uUZfCG4bQ-00028-00016600-00016824": "Down the gangway come men of the Māori battalion", "f9uUZfCG4bQ-00029-00016880-00017300": "780 men of the battalion that was volunteered two days after war began.", "f9uUZfCG4bQ-00030-00017372-00017756": "They fought through Greece and Crete, in Egypt, Libya and Tunisia", "f9uUZfCG4bQ-00031-00017776-00017922": "through Italy to Vieste.", "f9uUZfCG4bQ-00032-00018000-00018230": "Their casualty rate was five in seven.", "f9uUZfCG4bQ-00033-00018284-00018408": "In the words of their Commander:", "f9uUZfCG4bQ-00034-00018452-00018664": "\"they return not as conquering heroes,", "f9uUZfCG4bQ-00035-00018700-00018860": "but as the remnant of a brave battalion\"", "f9uUZfCG4bQ-00036-00019300-00019616": "Aotea quay is to be the marae for the ceremony in their honour", "f9uUZfCG4bQ-00037-00019652-00019936": "and out to meet them goes Sergeant Don Ania [??] Te-Amaho", "f9uUZfCG4bQ-00038-00019936-00020120": "followed by two others to challenge them.", "f9uUZfCG4bQ-00039-00021348-00021432": "They come in peace...", "f9uUZfCG4bQ-00040-00021460-00021612": "so the challenge is not accepted", "f9uUZfCG4bQ-00041-00021648-00021812": "and they move on to the Marae.", "f9uUZfCG4bQ-00042-00023464-00027124": "♫ Haka ♫", "f9uUZfCG4bQ-00043-00027256-00027560": "♪ Ā, tōia mai! (Te Waka!)♪", "f9uUZfCG4bQ-00044-00027560-00027808": "♪ Ki te urunga! (Te Waka!)♪", "f9uUZfCG4bQ-00045-00027808-00028160": "For the Māoris this is time of weeping as well as of joy.", "f9uUZfCG4bQ-00046-00028208-00028416": "Those who will not return are not forgotten.", "f9uUZfCG4bQ-00047-00028656-00028872": "♪ [karanga] ♪", "f9uUZfCG4bQ-00048-00028888-00029200": "Among the official guests is the acting Prime Minister: Mr. Nash,", "f9uUZfCG4bQ-00049-00029200-00029508": "members of parliament, and former commanders of the battalion.", "f9uUZfCG4bQ-00050-00029576-00029912": "Arrangements for this welcome were made by the Māori War Effort organization", "f9uUZfCG4bQ-00051-00029912-00030112": "with the Māori people sharing the cost.", "f9uUZfCG4bQ-00052-00030188-00033532": "♪ Waiata ♪", "f9uUZfCG4bQ-00053-00033556-00033860": "Pois, hakas and speeches are part of the ceremony", "f9uUZfCG4bQ-00054-00033860-00034132": "which included the intimate ritual of murutapu:", "f9uUZfCG4bQ-00055-00034180-00034528": "the removal of a tapu placed upon the battalion before it left New Zealand.", "f9uUZfCG4bQ-00056-00034588-00034836": "The men were committed to the care of Tu the War God", "f9uUZfCG4bQ-00057-00034836-00035052": "whose protection is now no longer asked.", "f9uUZfCG4bQ-00058-00035252-00041268": "♪ Waiata ♪", "f9uUZfCG4bQ-00059-00041292-00041456": "Following the ceremonies on the marae", "f9uUZfCG4bQ-00060-00041456-00041668": "the men go to the dining room for the feast.", "f9uUZfCG4bQ-00061-00041748-00046440": "♪ Waiata ♪", "f9uUZfCG4bQ-00062-00046456-00046704": "For most of the men there are still journeys ahead of them", "f9uUZfCG4bQ-00063-00046704-00046832": "before they reach their homes.", "f9uUZfCG4bQ-00064-00046900-00047116": "This is the pā at Kuku Ohau", "f9uUZfCG4bQ-00065-00047116-00047396": "a small pā where the ceremonies have an added feature.", "f9uUZfCG4bQ-00066-00047468-00047656": "In the burial ground there is a new memorial", "f9uUZfCG4bQ-00067-00047656-00047884": "to the memory of one man who did not return.", "f9uUZfCG4bQ-00068-00048204-00048456": "Unveiling the memorial is Bill Seymour", "f9uUZfCG4bQ-00069-00048456-00048616": "it is in memory of his brother Jack", "f9uUZfCG4bQ-00070-00048640-00048832": "who died of wounds received in Libya", "f9uUZfCG4bQ-00071-00048832-00049006": "when his truck was hit by a shell.", "f9uUZfCG4bQ-00072-00049500-00049644": "A gander is feasting", "f9uUZfCG4bQ-00073-00049644-00049764": "and the hāngī is opened.", "f9uUZfCG4bQ-00074-00049816-00051084": "♪ Waiata ♪", "f9uUZfCG4bQ-00075-00051100-00051504": "Inside the dining room double-decker tables are needed to hold all the food.", "f9uUZfCG4bQ-00076-00051628-00051940": "♪ Haerae mai (x 2) ra ♪", "f9uUZfCG4bQ-00077-00051967-00052100": "so it is in other pās", "f9uUZfCG4bQ-00078-00052144-00052312": "each has its own ceremony.", "f9uUZfCG4bQ-00079-00052324-00052460": "Here at Ngāruawāhia", "f9uUZfCG4bQ-00080-00052460-00052820": "the arrival of the train bringing home the men is marked by little activity", "f9uUZfCG4bQ-00081-00052864-00053060": "but their people are waiting for them on the marae.", "f9uUZfCG4bQ-00082-00053116-00053391": "Among those who attended the welcome here, and with other pās", "f9uUZfCG4bQ-00083-00053391-00053591": "was the Minister of Defence: Mr. Jones.", "f9uUZfCG4bQ-00084-00053696-00056679": "♪ Haka ♪", "f9uUZfCG4bQ-00085-00056679-00060244": "♪ Waiata ♪", "f9uUZfCG4bQ-00086-00060336-00060544": "Men of the Māori battalion are home", "f9uUZfCG4bQ-00087-00060620-00060948": "in the years to come their deeds will be told again and again", "f9uUZfCG4bQ-00088-00061004-00061276": "so long as Māori blood endures.", "f9uUZfCG4bQ-00089-00061388-00062212": "♪ Waiata ♪"}}, {"audio_id": "fq8fyfM_3l8", "text": {"fq8fyfM_3l8-00000-00000050-00000248": "Welcome to Frequency TV Channel.", "fq8fyfM_3l8-00001-00000310-00000501": "I Thank You, And Hope You Continue Your Support.", "fq8fyfM_3l8-00002-00000548-00000656": "We love to review electronic products.", "fq8fyfM_3l8-00003-00000700-00000856": "Thats why We prodive honest and clear reviews.", "fq8fyfM_3l8-00004-00000900-00001042": "You are free to ask anything you want.", "fq8fyfM_3l8-00005-00001100-00001400": "Information is so important for all cultures.", "fq8fyfM_3l8-00006-00001440-00001682": "We will be happy to answer any questions you may have on our services."}}, {"audio_id": "fqtFIkOJQMo", "text": {"fqtFIkOJQMo-00000-00000000-00000200": "For and While Loop in Python"}}, {"audio_id": "fqB3xF6EDJy", "text": {"fqB3xF6EDJy-00000-00000000-00000131": "Hi, two quick remarks. First there's some", "fqB3xF6EDJy-00001-00000131-00000258": "glitter on my face throughout this video.", "fqB3xF6EDJy-00002-00000258-00000431": "That's from my kid, I'm sorry, and", "fqB3xF6EDJy-00003-00000431-00000627": "secondly, just to be totally clear, this", "fqB3xF6EDJy-00004-00000627-00000834": "video is about giraffe mating. Okay, I think", "fqB3xF6EDJy-00005-00000834-00000902": "we can start.", "fqB3xF6EDJy-00006-00000902-00001008": "Good morning Hank, it's Tuesday. So", "fqB3xF6EDJy-00007-00001008-00001182": "yesterday someone tweeted to us: \"you two", "fqB3xF6EDJy-00008-00001182-00001346": "do great work and have helped many but", "fqB3xF6EDJy-00009-00001346-00001517": "sometimes I miss the days when you just", "fqB3xF6EDJy-00010-00001517-00001734": "made videos about giraffe sex.", "fqB3xF6EDJy-00011-00001734-00001869": "Fair enough, so let's just recap the", "fqB3xF6EDJy-00012-00001869-00002093": "basics of giraffe sexuality. The majority", "fqB3xF6EDJy-00013-00002093-00002261": "of giraffe sex according to one study up", "fqB3xF6EDJy-00014-00002261-00002457": "to ninety percent occurs between two", "fqB3xF6EDJy-00015-00002457-00002627": "males. There's also occasional same-sex", "fqB3xF6EDJy-00016-00002627-00002784": "mounting between female giraffe so", "fqB3xF6EDJy-00017-00002784-00002969": "heterosexual giraffe sex is not really", "fqB3xF6EDJy-00018-00002969-00003213": "the dominant form of giraffe sexuality,", "fqB3xF6EDJy-00019-00003213-00003378": "but it is how the babies get made. Now", "fqB3xF6EDJy-00020-00003378-00003513": "giraffes can mate for procreation", "fqB3xF6EDJy-00021-00003513-00003744": "year-round, but they tend to do it during", "fqB3xF6EDJy-00022-00003744-00003927": "the rainy season when food is less", "fqB3xF6EDJy-00023-00003927-00004071": "scarce, because they're less stressed out,", "fqB3xF6EDJy-00024-00004071-00004223": "and also because plentiful food makes", "fqB3xF6EDJy-00025-00004223-00004401": "the prospect of a giraffe pregnancy", "fqB3xF6EDJy-00026-00004401-00004605": "slightly less terrifying. So here's how", "fqB3xF6EDJy-00027-00004605-00004800": "it goes down: First a male giraffe uses", "fqB3xF6EDJy-00028-00004800-00005021": "his head to poke a female giraffe in the", "fqB3xF6EDJy-00029-00005021-00005207": "butt. This sometimes causes the female giraffe", "fqB3xF6EDJy-00030-00005207-00005427": "to pee, as you can see here, and then the male", "fqB3xF6EDJy-00031-00005427-00005678": "giraffe will smell and or taste that pee", "fqB3xF6EDJy-00032-00005678-00005892": "to determine if the female is fertile,", "fqB3xF6EDJy-00033-00005892-00006053": "which she is about four days out of", "fqB3xF6EDJy-00034-00006053-00006269": "every two weeks. If the pee tastes right and", "fqB3xF6EDJy-00035-00006269-00006414": "everybody is on board, the male will", "fqB3xF6EDJy-00036-00006414-00006572": "stand behind the female for a while", "fqB3xF6EDJy-00037-00006572-00006765": "until it's time for the magic to happen.", "fqB3xF6EDJy-00038-00006765-00006906": "The magic being a period of intercourse", "fqB3xF6EDJy-00039-00006906-00007070": "lasting less than two seconds. This", "fqB3xF6EDJy-00040-00007070-00007245": "extremely brief encounter is followed by", "fqB3xF6EDJy-00041-00007245-00007556": "more than a year of pregnancy, at the end", "fqB3xF6EDJy-00042-00007556-00007715": "of which, female giraffes usually produce", "fqB3xF6EDJy-00043-00007715-00007989": "a single calf often born six feet tall", "fqB3xF6EDJy-00044-00007989-00008247": "and weighing over 150 pounds.", "fqB3xF6EDJy-00045-00008247-00008364": "Needless to say Hank this is an", "fqB3xF6EDJy-00046-00008364-00008532": "inefficient process I mean first you've", "fqB3xF6EDJy-00047-00008532-00008682": "gotta get a male giraffe to sexual", "fqB3xF6EDJy-00048-00008682-00008856": "maturity which takes at least seven", "fqB3xF6EDJy-00049-00008856-00009003": "years, then you gotta have enough food", "fqB3xF6EDJy-00050-00009003-00009179": "for the giraffes not to be stressed out, and", "fqB3xF6EDJy-00051-00009179-00009309": "then you got to have the right tasting", "fqB3xF6EDJy-00052-00009309-00009440": "kind of pee, and then you've got to be", "fqB3xF6EDJy-00053-00009440-00009681": "pregnant for four hundred days, and then", "fqB3xF6EDJy-00054-00009681-00009897": "you usually just get one baby, all be it a", "fqB3xF6EDJy-00055-00009897-00010095": "gigantic and adorable baby, and even", "fqB3xF6EDJy-00056-00010095-00010250": "after that your baby is very vulnerable", "fqB3xF6EDJy-00057-00010250-00010472": "to predators because it's so small and", "fqB3xF6EDJy-00058-00010472-00010661": "bad at running but you can't like pick", "fqB3xF6EDJy-00059-00010661-00010836": "it up and put it in your pouch and hop", "fqB3xF6EDJy-00060-00010836-00011034": "away because you're not a marsupial. All", "fqB3xF6EDJy-00061-00011034-00011136": "of this means that when giraffe", "fqB3xF6EDJy-00062-00011136-00011364": "populations go down it's really hard for", "fqB3xF6EDJy-00063-00011364-00011540": "them to recover, and they are going down", "fqB3xF6EDJy-00064-00011540-00011696": "in fact a new report says the giraffe", "fqB3xF6EDJy-00065-00011696-00011877": "populations have fallen by around forty", "fqB3xF6EDJy-00066-00011877-00012006": "percent since the nineteen eighties.", "fqB3xF6EDJy-00067-00012006-00012275": "There are now only about 98,000 giraffes in", "fqB3xF6EDJy-00068-00012275-00012422": "the world and they've just been moved to", "fqB3xF6EDJy-00069-00012422-00012596": "threatened status by the International", "fqB3xF6EDJy-00070-00012596-00012786": "Union for the Conservation of Nature. The", "fqB3xF6EDJy-00071-00012786-00012959": "cause of the giraffes decline is of course", "fqB3xF6EDJy-00072-00012959-00013146": "humans, mostly through habitat", "fqB3xF6EDJy-00073-00013146-00013290": "destruction and hunting. So it can be", "fqB3xF6EDJy-00074-00013290-00013440": "really hard to fathom just how", "fqB3xF6EDJy-00075-00013440-00013593": "thoroughly humans have reshaped the", "fqB3xF6EDJy-00076-00013593-00013734": "planet in the last few hundred years but", "fqB3xF6EDJy-00077-00013734-00013905": "here's a bit of context: the total", "fqB3xF6EDJy-00078-00013905-00014069": "combined weight of living humans right", "fqB3xF6EDJy-00079-00014069-00014340": "now is around 300 million tons. The", "fqB3xF6EDJy-00080-00014340-00014490": "total combined weight of our livestock", "fqB3xF6EDJy-00081-00014490-00014819": "from sheep to chickens to cows around 700", "fqB3xF6EDJy-00082-00014819-00015000": "million tons and the total combined", "fqB3xF6EDJy-00083-00015006-00015141": "weight of every non-human,", "fqB3xF6EDJy-00084-00015141-00015384": "non-domesticated large animal on earth every", "fqB3xF6EDJy-00085-00015384-00015627": "penguin and elephant and shark every", "fqB3xF6EDJy-00086-00015627-00015891": "whale and giraffe and why and all of", "fqB3xF6EDJy-00087-00015891-00016149": "them combined is less than 100 million", "fqB3xF6EDJy-00088-00016152-00016338": "tons. When geologist talk about the", "fqB3xF6EDJy-00089-00016338-00016581": "Anthropocene, the geologic age of humans", "fqB3xF6EDJy-00090-00016581-00016785": "radically reshaping the planet, that's", "fqB3xF6EDJy-00091-00016785-00016947": "part of what they're talking about. The", "fqB3xF6EDJy-00092-00016947-00017091": "Earth's bacteria by the way have a", "fqB3xF6EDJy-00093-00017091-00017352": "combined biomass north of 350 billion", "fqB3xF6EDJy-00094-00017354-00017586": "tons but I digress. Right so Hank I think", "fqB3xF6EDJy-00095-00017586-00017736": "giraffes have a reasonably good chance", "fqB3xF6EDJy-00096-00017736-00017961": "of surviving the Anthropocene despite", "fqB3xF6EDJy-00097-00017961-00018123": "their inefficient mating and that's not", "fqB3xF6EDJy-00098-00018123-00018264": "because their necks allow them to reach", "fqB3xF6EDJy-00099-00018264-00018432": "food other animals can't reach or", "fqB3xF6EDJy-00100-00018432-00018621": "because their kicks can literally kill a", "fqB3xF6EDJy-00101-00018621-00018855": "lion it's because humans like them. We", "fqB3xF6EDJy-00102-00018855-00019014": "want them in the world or at least I", "fqB3xF6EDJy-00103-00019014-00019281": "hope we do and it really is our choice", "fqB3xF6EDJy-00104-00019281-00019455": "if we lose the giraffe forever there will", "fqB3xF6EDJy-00105-00019455-00019729": "only be one reason why. Humans.", "fqB3xF6EDJy-00106-00019729-00019916": "Since the Columbian Exchange began a little over", "fqB3xF6EDJy-00107-00019917-00020160": "500 years ago thousands of species have", "fqB3xF6EDJy-00108-00020160-00020352": "gone extinct and almost all of those", "fqB3xF6EDJy-00109-00020352-00020622": "extinctions are directly attributable to", "fqB3xF6EDJy-00110-00020622-00020910": "us. We decide, we are deciding right now", "fqB3xF6EDJy-00111-00020910-00021099": "what the biodiversity of our planet is", "fqB3xF6EDJy-00112-00021099-00021264": "going to look like, not for the next 100", "fqB3xF6EDJy-00113-00021264-00021558": "or 1,000 years, but for many millions of", "fqB3xF6EDJy-00114-00021558-00021717": "years and maybe if we can accept that", "fqB3xF6EDJy-00115-00021717-00021900": "responsibility we'll begin to take it", "fqB3xF6EDJy-00116-00021900-00022137": "more seriously. Hank I'll see you on", "fqB3xF6EDJy-00117-00022137-00022646": "Friday"}}, {"audio_id": "fqFospDagFY", "text": {"fqFospDagFY-00000-00000986-00001722": "Hey everyone my name is Martha Woodward and I own a maid service in, well, outside", "fqFospDagFY-00001-00001722-00002294": "of Tulsa Oklahoma I live in Kansas though and I have been very much an", "fqFospDagFY-00002-00002294-00003218": "absentee owner for years but even more so probably the last year I go to well I", "fqFospDagFY-00003-00003218-00003746": "don't even hardly go to the office other than to drop off supplies now and then", "fqFospDagFY-00004-00003746-00004428": "when we've run out of an inventory because my management staff is totally", "fqFospDagFY-00005-00004428-00005225": "remote as well and so I see my staff once a month and it's for fun activities", "fqFospDagFY-00006-00005225-00005619": "usually outside of the office or staff meeting", "fqFospDagFY-00007-00005619-00006515": "so that's who I am what I do some of you know me I own quality driven software", "fqFospDagFY-00008-00006515-00007286": "which will come into play in this talk a little bit but everything that I talk", "fqFospDagFY-00009-00007286-00008232": "about you do not need quality driven for I will warn you that I the slides are", "fqFospDagFY-00010-00008232-00008847": "not like these slides that have tons of information there just to guide me along", "fqFospDagFY-00011-00008847-00009660": "in the topic so really you're just going to be taking notes and then the last", "fqFospDagFY-00012-00009660-00010289": "part of business is that I'm going to turn off the camera and just talk to you", "fqFospDagFY-00013-00010289-00010871": "because I think it's distracting and it's distracting for me it's distracting", "fqFospDagFY-00014-00010871-00011450": "you I'm used to talking to an audience but for now I'll just talk to a screen", "fqFospDagFY-00015-00011450-00012284": "so anyway I'm gonna go away but keep talking alright so here we go so", "fqFospDagFY-00016-00012284-00012866": "creating a self-running quality program where people just do what they're", "fqFospDagFY-00017-00012866-00013391": "supposed to do when they're supposed to do it that's what I'm here to help", "fqFospDagFY-00018-00013391-00013977": "for us today first off let me ask you again", "fqFospDagFY-00019-00013977-00014493": "usually I'm looking at an audience but how many of you love your business and", "fqFospDagFY-00020-00014493-00015276": "your employees right now does anyone feel like they're held hostage by their", "fqFospDagFY-00021-00015276-00016016": "employees in their own business I don't know about you but that's not what I", "fqFospDagFY-00022-00016016-00016908": "imagined when I left my corporate job to open my own maid service I thought I'd", "fqFospDagFY-00023-00016908-00017501": "be the one steering the ship with the help of my supportive employees but boy", "fqFospDagFY-00024-00017501-00018219": "was I wrong at least for those early years I was wrong the good news is you", "fqFospDagFY-00025-00018219-00018960": "can have all that and is actually pretty simple straightforward process but you", "fqFospDagFY-00026-00018960-00019932": "have to do the work and how do I know it I know it because I was you my first few", "fqFospDagFY-00027-00019932-00020498": "years in the service business were living hell they really were I cried", "fqFospDagFY-00028-00020498-00021065": "more times than I've ever cried in my lifetime and I've gone through cancer", "fqFospDagFY-00029-00021065-00021741": "treatment and I can tell you that the anguish that I felt going through chemo", "fqFospDagFY-00030-00021741-00022284": "didn't hold a candle to the anguish that I felt in those early years of my", "fqFospDagFY-00031-00022284-00023229": "business and the reason why is going through chemo I felt like okay this is a", "fqFospDagFY-00032-00023229-00024123": "solution this is what I need to do to get to this outcome whereas when my", "fqFospDagFY-00033-00024123-00024770": "business kind of felt in the pit of despair I didn't know a way out I just", "fqFospDagFY-00034-00024770-00025584": "didn't see a light at the end of the tunnel I recently read a study in Inked", "fqFospDagFY-00035-00025584-00026375": "Magazine that said only 43% of entrepreneurs felt happy at work and", "fqFospDagFY-00036-00026375-00027058": "that's actually about 15% more than employees working at a corporate", "fqFospDagFY-00037-00027058-00027902": "job but I still think 43% is pretty crappy if you ask me I mean we are", "fqFospDagFY-00038-00027902-00028708": "pursuing the American dream being entrepreneurs and steering the ship in", "fqFospDagFY-00039-00028708-00029894": "our own business right well supposedly so so what about you are you happy in", "fqFospDagFY-00040-00029894-00031166": "your business do you feel like you have control over the business do you feel", "fqFospDagFY-00041-00031166-00031988": "like you're drowning in the sea of horrible employees forgive me yeah I", "fqFospDagFY-00042-00031988-00032570": "want to say my slides weren't working or do you feel like things are just utter", "fqFospDagFY-00043-00032570-00033178": "chaos and that's certainly how I felt", "fqFospDagFY-00044-00033214-00033803": "but don't worry I'm going to take you through the process that I use to climb", "fqFospDagFY-00045-00033803-00034298": "out of that pit of despair to a culture that really doesn't require management", "fqFospDagFY-00046-00034298-00035042": "staff there at all in the day-to-day world now you don't have to do that you", "fqFospDagFY-00047-00035042-00035726": "can certainly be in your own business and be there every day but just getting", "fqFospDagFY-00048-00035726-00036641": "things to run more smoothly will make you enjoy your business so much more so", "fqFospDagFY-00049-00036641-00037187": "let's talk about what it was like back in the day attendance", "fqFospDagFY-00050-00037187-00038171": "I had attendance antennas problems for sure I had an attendance policy well", "fqFospDagFY-00051-00038171-00038867": "let's get real I didn't follow it my attendance policy was basically that I", "fqFospDagFY-00052-00038867-00039404": "knew who is going to be at work when they showed up that day like when I saw", "fqFospDagFY-00053-00039404-00040022": "the whites of their eyes all right that was kind of roll call for me and that", "fqFospDagFY-00054-00040022-00040493": "was a terrible way live quality again it was kind of a hope", "fqFospDagFY-00055-00040493-00041197": "and pray policy I would send them out to the jobs prayed that none of the clients", "fqFospDagFY-00056-00041197-00042050": "called to complain and called that a good day an attitude that was really the", "fqFospDagFY-00057-00042050-00042784": "only core value that I didn't suck at I", "fqFospDagFY-00058-00042819-00043658": "didn't allow blatant disrespect but I allowed way way too much and my debt and", "fqFospDagFY-00059-00043658-00044300": "my employees definitely ruled the roost I knew things were out of control and I", "fqFospDagFY-00060-00044300-00044861": "honestly hated going to the office I wasn't very fond of my employees at the", "fqFospDagFY-00061-00044861-00045547": "time and I knew if a current client was calling it probably was not to brag", "fqFospDagFY-00062-00045547-00046591": "about the great job we were doing does any of that sound familiar and if it", "fqFospDagFY-00063-00046591-00047359": "does who do you think is control is in control at your company it's the", "fqFospDagFY-00064-00047359-00048227": "employees right but do your employees own your business do they worry about", "fqFospDagFY-00065-00048227-00048983": "paying the bills do they work pretty much 24/7 trying to make that business", "fqFospDagFY-00066-00048983-00049771": "succeed no they don't so why would you give them control over your business at", "fqFospDagFY-00067-00049771-00050965": "least intermittently it's fear fear that if you tighten the policies which really", "fqFospDagFY-00068-00050965-00051794": "doesn't mean tighten the policies it just means enforce your policies it's", "fqFospDagFY-00069-00051794-00052384": "fear that your employees might leave you it's fear that you'll be short-handed", "fqFospDagFY-00070-00052384-00053357": "and lord help us you might have to go fill in it's fear that you'll have to", "fqFospDagFY-00071-00053357-00053957": "slow down growth because you don't have enough staff but", "fqFospDagFY-00072-00053957-00054757": "let me ask you what's more terrifying is it more terrifying to think that", "fqFospDagFY-00073-00054757-00055401": "you'll need to slow down growth a bit while you fix your employee issues and", "fqFospDagFY-00074-00055401-00056164": "figure out how to stack the applicant deck to get more people in but then it", "fqFospDagFY-00075-00056164-00056977": "changes things going forward or is it more terrifying to think that your", "fqFospDagFY-00076-00056977-00057800": "business will grow but it's going to feel just like this out of control now I", "fqFospDagFY-00077-00057800-00058439": "don't know about you but when I asked myself that question", "fqFospDagFY-00078-00058439-00059276": "long long ago hands down I did not want to continue owning a business that felt", "fqFospDagFY-00079-00059276-00060479": "as bad as it felt at the time lastly think about this when you had to work in", "fqFospDagFY-00080-00060479-00060952": "the morning can you feel reasonably sure that", "fqFospDagFY-00081-00060952-00061769": "everyone's going to show up to work or what do you not know like me until you", "fqFospDagFY-00082-00061769-00062549": "see them and when you send people out to their jobs can you trust that everything", "fqFospDagFY-00083-00062549-00063148": "should go well or are you fearful that the complaints will start rolling in and", "fqFospDagFY-00084-00063148-00063947": "if you cannot answer yes yes everybody should show up and yes everything should", "fqFospDagFY-00085-00063947-00064835": "go well then why would you want to hang on to that arrangement anyway isn't it", "fqFospDagFY-00086-00064835-00065663": "better to risk being short-handed and LU of a bigger payout and know what you can", "fqFospDagFY-00087-00065663-00066623": "count on I think it is I'd rather act proactively and prepare any day then", "fqFospDagFY-00088-00066623-00067404": "always react recovering because being proactive even", "fqFospDagFY-00089-00067404-00068058": "if it's bad you're in control whereas reactive you're at the mercy of", "fqFospDagFY-00090-00068058-00068586": "others so the turning point for me in this", "fqFospDagFY-00091-00068586-00069318": "whole chaos thing was the busiest week of the year the week before Thanksgiving", "fqFospDagFY-00092-00069318-00070080": "I had a bully employee that called me to let me know when she would and wouldn't", "fqFospDagFY-00093-00070080-00070941": "be at work in the next week now mind you she was full time and it's not like she", "fqFospDagFY-00094-00070941-00071286": "had asked off for time off she was just letting me know her", "fqFospDagFY-00095-00071286-00072135": "schedule and I remember thinking then and there what the heck I mean it really", "fqFospDagFY-00096-00072135-00072525": "was my wake-up call to who's in charge here", "fqFospDagFY-00097-00072525-00073218": "and that I had totally lost control it was the last straw for me and you know", "fqFospDagFY-00098-00073218-00074238": "it was a godsend because that's when I got myself together and started turning", "fqFospDagFY-00099-00074238-00075246": "things around so first I identified the problems and I had to figure out what", "fqFospDagFY-00100-00075246-00076151": "was broken or most broken so I had to look at my policies and procedures and", "fqFospDagFY-00101-00076151-00076892": "was I actually following them and I had to look at my training issues you know", "fqFospDagFY-00102-00076892-00077685": "was I did I have a plan with training was I consistent were", "fqFospDagFY-00103-00077685-00078330": "there reproducible results no there weren't definitely but those were things", "fqFospDagFY-00104-00078330-00079301": "I had to fix you know I had to identify that I had people there who were poor", "fqFospDagFY-00105-00079301-00080169": "cultural fits and I was allowing them to stay and lastly we had", "fqFospDagFY-00106-00080169-00081372": "culture of mediocracy you know it was just average was okay in my company back", "fqFospDagFY-00107-00081372-00081851": "then and I really didn't work on", "fqFospDagFY-00108-00081908-00082830": "thriving we worked on surviving so I first dusted off my policies and", "fqFospDagFY-00109-00082830-00084213": "procedures and I started rewriting my policies based on what would my policies", "fqFospDagFY-00110-00084213-00084848": "have to look like where my best employees could say so that I could", "fqFospDagFY-00111-00084848-00085908": "consistently follow my policies and keep my best people so how many absences is", "fqFospDagFY-00112-00085908-00086583": "that how many quality complaints is that you know how much breakage is that", "fqFospDagFY-00113-00086583-00087675": "that's the angle I was going by when I rewrote the policies and then the first", "fqFospDagFY-00114-00087675-00088370": "thing I had to do was after I rewrote those policies is I had to stick by them", "fqFospDagFY-00115-00088370-00089423": "through thick and thin so short-handed or not I had to enforce the policies but", "fqFospDagFY-00116-00089423-00090171": "by doing that I probably gained the most traction of all including paper", "fqFospDagFY-00117-00090171-00091077": "performance in my business because I now was gaining trust when you do what you", "fqFospDagFY-00118-00091077-00092151": "say you're going to do you start gaining trust and respect from especially the", "fqFospDagFY-00119-00092151-00092886": "people you want to keep because think about it is your culture running people", "fqFospDagFY-00120-00092886-00093665": "off do you get good people and then you're surprised when they don't stay", "fqFospDagFY-00121-00093665-00094319": "anytime we lose somebody we analyze why", "fqFospDagFY-00122-00094370-00095409": "was it most of time now what it is is it was about higher and so we didn't do an", "fqFospDagFY-00123-00095409-00096177": "adequate job of screening them in that interview process and not hire them in", "fqFospDagFY-00124-00096177-00096866": "the first place but here's the thing these days as", "fqFospDagFY-00125-00096866-00097704": "compared to the old days the old days I used to think that I could change them", "fqFospDagFY-00126-00097704-00098565": "and maybe influence them and get a better result and that is crazy talk", "fqFospDagFY-00127-00098565-00099438": "he if you have employees who kind of show you who they are especially in", "fqFospDagFY-00128-00099438-00100217": "those early days of training and that what they show you does not fit your", "fqFospDagFY-00129-00100217-00100932": "culture you need to get rid of them fast because they're on their very best", "fqFospDagFY-00130-00100932-00101811": "behavior and you're only asking for trouble if you let them stay there's a", "fqFospDagFY-00131-00101811-00102483": "quote from Tony Robbins and I don't remember it exactly but the gist of it", "fqFospDagFY-00132-00102483-00103347": "is basically that it's not you know that new hire that's going to destroy your", "fqFospDagFY-00133-00103347-00104103": "company it's the it's the bad hire that you allow to stay and that is so true", "fqFospDagFY-00134-00104103-00105240": "you can do your company irreparable harm by keeping people who you should not", "fqFospDagFY-00135-00105240-00105726": "keep I just truly believe that's probably the biggest error that you can", "fqFospDagFY-00136-00105726-00106455": "make and here's the thing when you do start to believe that and you do start", "fqFospDagFY-00137-00106455-00106944": "to let people go like you should that you", "fqFospDagFY-00138-00106944-00107898": "you should then you gain so much trust and respect from your employees and the", "fqFospDagFY-00139-00107898-00108699": "other thing that happens is people start to believe you so they're going to", "fqFospDagFY-00140-00108699-00109407": "either toe the line and do what they're supposed to do or they'll probably end", "fqFospDagFY-00141-00109407-00110030": "up quitting before you fire them because now they're like she's she really means", "fqFospDagFY-00142-00110030-00110646": "it she's gonna fire me and so they'll make up some excuse and they'll leave", "fqFospDagFY-00143-00110646-00111324": "you but it's because they know that the writing's on the wall that you're going", "fqFospDagFY-00144-00111324-00112358": "to fire them so you have to be consistent in everything you do so not", "fqFospDagFY-00145-00112358-00112850": "only following your policies and procedures but I touched on your", "fqFospDagFY-00146-00112850-00113558": "training your training is the fundamentals it's like the reading and", "fqFospDagFY-00147-00113558-00114434": "writing that we learn in elementary school the training is the fundamentals", "fqFospDagFY-00148-00114434-00115067": "that you give your employees so they'll be successful even if you do not do a", "fqFospDagFY-00149-00115067-00115940": "paper performance system like I do you still have a system that is more", "fqFospDagFY-00150-00115940-00116690": "informal so your paper performance is complaints or compliments you know", "fqFospDagFY-00151-00116690-00117464": "that's still a performance system and if you don't give them the training that", "fqFospDagFY-00152-00117464-00118475": "they deserve consistently it has to have a process to it you know it cannot be", "fqFospDagFY-00153-00118475-00119189": "fly-by-night if you don't give them that then you shouldn't be expecting really", "fqFospDagFY-00154-00119189-00119938": "anything out of them besides whatever your policies are but they're at a", "fqFospDagFY-00155-00119938-00120526": "disadvantage because you did not set up the foundation that basically you", "fqFospDagFY-00156-00120526-00121335": "promised them when you hired them so that's where you start you identify your", "fqFospDagFY-00157-00121335-00122014": "issues what's causing your company the most grief is it attendance is that", "fqFospDagFY-00158-00122014-00123124": "policy is it attitude issues or is it kind of all of the above you decide what", "fqFospDagFY-00159-00123124-00123805": "you can tolerate and that's your policy and I personally like to go a little", "fqFospDagFY-00160-00123805-00124906": "more conservative and then give them the ability to earn more so to give you an", "fqFospDagFY-00161-00124906-00125671": "example you know we have a policy that for attendance that they can have three", "fqFospDagFY-00162-00125671-00126469": "unplanned absences in a six month period however I do allow them to earn more and", "fqFospDagFY-00163-00126469-00127090": "I have a process for that where they can earn more unplanned dates and I", "fqFospDagFY-00164-00127090-00127686": "personally love that because should I let that bad hire through that is going", "fqFospDagFY-00165-00127686-00128299": "to call off call off call off but yet they've not broken our attendance policy", "fqFospDagFY-00166-00128299-00128977": "so that I can fire them then I'm stuck with them until I can weed them out the", "fqFospDagFY-00167-00128977-00129613": "proper way but if I am a little more conservative and I don't allow as many", "fqFospDagFY-00168-00129613-00130903": "days then I can weed that bad fit out sooner but for those people that you", "fqFospDagFY-00169-00130903-00131551": "know and it happens I've had people who have great great quality scores the", "fqFospDagFY-00170-00131551-00132256": "clients love them but maybe they're a single mom with four or five kids", "fqFospDagFY-00171-00132256-00132898": "they're going to be gone more and they need more days so that they are able to", "fqFospDagFY-00172-00132898-00133447": "earn more through their client satisfaction scores so that's just an", "fqFospDagFY-00173-00133447-00133972": "example of I my policies are fairly tight and", "fqFospDagFY-00174-00133972-00134959": "conservative but I allow them to earn more leeway so I really haven't talked", "fqFospDagFY-00175-00134959-00135577": "about any like new concepts that you don't already know you know to follow", "fqFospDagFY-00176-00135577-00136759": "your procedures you know you need a good solid training program but yet most of", "fqFospDagFY-00177-00136759-00137365": "you I shouldn't say that because I don't know who's watching and who's not but", "fqFospDagFY-00178-00137365-00138279": "many people that I talked to they know it but they don't do it I mean do I know", "fqFospDagFY-00179-00138279-00138940": "what I need to do to lose weight I know about calories I know about carbs I know", "fqFospDagFY-00180-00138940-00139858": "about exercise but yet do I do that on a consistent basis new so that's why I", "fqFospDagFY-00181-00139858-00140485": "don't lose weight like I'd like to but whose fault is it it's my fault and so", "fqFospDagFY-00182-00140485-00141042": "if you're having employee problems ask yourself do you know these things are", "fqFospDagFY-00183-00141042-00141736": "you doing these things and if not whose fault is it and have you been pushed far", "fqFospDagFY-00184-00141736-00142929": "enough to actually put things into action like I was so we've talked a lot", "fqFospDagFY-00185-00142929-00143710": "about you know the disciplinary side of it and what you have to do to fix the", "fqFospDagFY-00186-00143710-00144553": "problems and this is kind of the flip side once you get your you know like the", "fqFospDagFY-00187-00144553-00145162": "bare essentials of your culture fixed your policy and procedures your training", "fqFospDagFY-00188-00145162-00145948": "things are transparent and consistent then you can start to work on paper", "fqFospDagFY-00189-00145948-00147039": "performance and you know how do you get more of the behavior that you want and", "fqFospDagFY-00190-00147039-00147826": "how do you improve your attendance and improve your quality not just expect the", "fqFospDagFY-00191-00147826-00148891": "bare minimum so much of the desired behavior and my company is driven around", "fqFospDagFY-00192-00148891-00149731": "client satisfaction and I choose to be very proactive and ask people what they", "fqFospDagFY-00193-00149731-00150319": "thought of their service after every single cleaning and I know many people", "fqFospDagFY-00194-00150319-00151021": "don't buy into this concept I've been doing this for seven eight years and I", "fqFospDagFY-00195-00151021-00151651": "followed the lead of some smart people who were doing it I wasn't the first but", "fqFospDagFY-00196-00151651-00152860": "I followed their lead and I kind of ran with it and for me I wrap my head around", "fqFospDagFY-00197-00152860-00153376": "the fact that I might as well ask the clients what they thought even in the", "fqFospDagFY-00198-00153376-00154147": "days where our quality was in the toilet I still wrapped my head around the fact", "fqFospDagFY-00199-00154147-00154960": "that I needed to go ahead and ask them because whatever they were thinking it", "fqFospDagFY-00200-00154960-00155362": "wasn't like it was going to pop in their head because I asked they're already", "fqFospDagFY-00201-00155362-00155875": "thinking it and probably complaining about us to our friends to their friends", "fqFospDagFY-00202-00155875-00157063": "and I needed to know so I started asking and I've always used a survey where it", "fqFospDagFY-00203-00157063-00157936": "takes 30 seconds it's just basically how did we do click that emoticon smiley", "fqFospDagFY-00204-00157936-00158497": "face thing that corresponds to how we did you know it has wording and stuff in", "fqFospDagFY-00205-00158497-00159286": "there too but that right there that's all it takes and we get our clients to", "fqFospDagFY-00206-00159286-00160009": "buy into the fact that they get so much back from this and they do I mean when I", "fqFospDagFY-00207-00160009-00160781": "started seven eight years go surveying like I say our quality was", "fqFospDagFY-00208-00160781-00161432": "in the toilet and we have come up a full point out of four on the scale of four", "fqFospDagFY-00209-00161432-00162038": "now most people on a scale of five that used quality driven but I'm still on the", "fqFospDagFY-00210-00162038-00162962": "old scale but I'm saying that is 25 percent I mean that's huge and but", "fqFospDagFY-00211-00162962-00163543": "that's where we came from you know I'd be embarrassed to say that but we're", "fqFospDagFY-00212-00163543-00164531": "we're way past that now and our quality just hasn't really moved much up or down", "fqFospDagFY-00213-00164531-00165227": "in years because we're up where I'm totally comfortable with what used to be", "fqFospDagFY-00214-00165227-00165938": "our bonuses everybody stays above so I'm very happy with it but if we didn't", "fqFospDagFY-00215-00165938-00166760": "consistently ask and measure and be transparent about it wouldn't be there", "fqFospDagFY-00216-00166760-00167681": "and I have no doubt that it wouldn't so we use quality scores as a huge part of", "fqFospDagFY-00217-00167681-00168260": "how we run the business and it allows me to be an absentee owner because I can", "fqFospDagFY-00218-00168260-00168973": "wash those scores easily but it's not just about me watching the scores it's", "fqFospDagFY-00219-00168973-00169850": "really about the employees watching their scores and me getting them to buy", "fqFospDagFY-00220-00169850-00171200": "in and want a better score so I've always been I've always been huge on", "fqFospDagFY-00221-00171200-00171665": "paper performance why shouldn't say always but you know seven eight years", "fqFospDagFY-00222-00171665-00172760": "been big on it and that probably came from a passion for sports back in the", "fqFospDagFY-00223-00172760-00173492": "day you know I had two favorite sports one was running cross-country and the", "fqFospDagFY-00224-00173492-00174110": "other was gymnastics and in cross country obviously there's a", "fqFospDagFY-00225-00174110-00174797": "time but you also measure yourself against the pack and when you're", "fqFospDagFY-00226-00174797-00175471": "finished running you get your time but you also got this metal and you knew", "fqFospDagFY-00227-00175471-00176201": "like they announce your name and you'd get a medal and you would know how you", "fqFospDagFY-00228-00176201-00177020": "scored in the pack you know were you third were you seventh you know and and", "fqFospDagFY-00229-00177020-00177391": "how did your score compare and then", "fqFospDagFY-00230-00177691-00178712": "gymnastics I mean talk about scores it's down to like the tenth of a decimal or", "fqFospDagFY-00231-00178712-00179371": "I'm sorry the hundredth of a decimal actually in you know any little", "fqFospDagFY-00232-00179371-00180203": "bent-knee non pointed foot were deductions and I think from that", "fqFospDagFY-00233-00180203-00181400": "background data and scoring has been huge to me but I see other people be", "fqFospDagFY-00234-00181400-00181988": "really successful with it too and maybe they don't place as much importance on", "fqFospDagFY-00235-00181988-00182699": "the score as I do but sports do teach you to keep score and actually life", "fqFospDagFY-00236-00182699-00183569": "teaches you to keep score I mean we grew up in school getting graded and in my", "fqFospDagFY-00237-00183569-00184163": "case if you're lucky you knew how you did compared to the top score and the", "fqFospDagFY-00238-00184163-00185192": "average score and the low score life keeps score and your employees crave the", "fqFospDagFY-00239-00185192-00186125": "data so in my company the way that I apply that is we absolutely have a", "fqFospDagFY-00240-00186125-00186746": "minimum tolerated type of policy so we have the policies and procedures that", "fqFospDagFY-00241-00186746-00187507": "say you need bare minimum of this score and you can't have more than this many", "fqFospDagFY-00242-00187507-00188384": "complaints and that's what will keep you out of trouble but we also have measures", "fqFospDagFY-00243-00188384-00189656": "in that we want people to know like how they can get promotions and bonuses and", "fqFospDagFY-00244-00189656-00190760": "things like that so scores do drive performance and its really the data that", "fqFospDagFY-00245-00190760-00191417": "drives the performance and what I mean by that is sure they can have a score", "fqFospDagFY-00246-00191417-00192473": "but if they can't see the data like how you know how those individual comments", "fqFospDagFY-00247-00192473-00193151": "and scores add up to their average and I also believe in showing them not only", "fqFospDagFY-00248-00193151-00194267": "their score but everybody else's score and that drives people to want a higher", "fqFospDagFY-00249-00194267-00195272": "score now a lot of people will use a similar system but they don't show", "fqFospDagFY-00250-00195272-00195821": "anything but that employees score and there's nothing wrong with that you know", "fqFospDagFY-00251-00195821-00196340": "it's whatever works in your company culture but I can tell you that we have", "fqFospDagFY-00252-00196340-00197018": "a very positive company culture and we show each other scores but it's how we", "fqFospDagFY-00253-00197018-00197650": "handle it and you can't slap an incentive program on a toxic culture", "fqFospDagFY-00254-00197650-00198563": "because then it is very carrot and stick instead of coaching and reward type", "fqFospDagFY-00255-00198563-00199292": "system you know really it's more coaching and recognition than even the", "fqFospDagFY-00256-00199292-00199997": "reward because when you have a paper performance system sure you may have a", "fqFospDagFY-00257-00199997-00200888": "monetary bonus or some kind of contest or raffle I mean there's all kinds of", "fqFospDagFY-00258-00200888-00201650": "paper performance systems that you can run but when it comes down to it it is", "fqFospDagFY-00259-00201650-00202331": "more about the affirmation and the building of self-esteem and", "fqFospDagFY-00260-00202331-00203357": "self-confidence than it is about the monetary thing now your reward system", "fqFospDagFY-00261-00203357-00204179": "you absolutely have to figure out what matters to them if you were for instance", "fqFospDagFY-00262-00204179-00204644": "I'll give you an example I just recently said we were going to do", "fqFospDagFY-00263-00204644-00205621": "a contest and I said I gave them some choices of what they want and I was very", "fqFospDagFY-00264-00205621-00206504": "wrong about what they would want and so you know if I would have just started", "fqFospDagFY-00265-00206504-00207128": "this contest and that's not really a paper performance system mean it is and", "fqFospDagFY-00266-00207128-00207658": "it isn't but I will run some intermittent type", "fqFospDagFY-00267-00207658-00208192": "paper performance systems such as contest but then we have year round", "fqFospDagFY-00268-00208192-00208694": "things that we do as well but if I would have run that contest and it had picked", "fqFospDagFY-00269-00208694-00209255": "a reward that nobody cared about then nobody cares about it and they wouldn't", "fqFospDagFY-00270-00209255-00209851": "do what I'm hoping they would do so when I have something that I want", "fqFospDagFY-00271-00209851-00210785": "then I figure out what they need and I build a system around that so you just", "fqFospDagFY-00272-00210785-00211676": "have to lay out the groundwork and you will find that when you have a newer", "fqFospDagFY-00273-00211676-00212317": "employee and you have this kind of system where your policies are all very", "fqFospDagFY-00274-00212317-00213116": "consistent and transparent and you have a paper form performance system then", "fqFospDagFY-00275-00213116-00213950": "your newer employees hit a fork the road and you will see people rise to", "fqFospDagFY-00276-00213950-00214517": "the occasion and you will see their scores start to climb and I literally", "fqFospDagFY-00277-00214517-00215246": "watch this and people that I work with do the same thing you can you get to", "fqFospDagFY-00278-00215246-00215734": "where you know who's gonna make it early on and who's not if you don't see those", "fqFospDagFY-00279-00215734-00216175": "scores starting to go up that person will exit out of your system", "fqFospDagFY-00280-00216175-00216760": "because they will not like not getting the rewards and they will blame it on", "fqFospDagFY-00281-00216760-00217411": "your system and I just let them blame it on the system because I know we've been", "fqFospDagFY-00282-00217411-00217936": "running this system seven eight years and it's very successful", "fqFospDagFY-00283-00217936-00218592": "so you know that's the victim mentality", "fqFospDagFY-00284-00218617-00219334": "that I like that it weeds out the people that aren't a good fit for our culture", "fqFospDagFY-00285-00219334-00219992": "because if they slide through training which most of ours if we pick we get a", "fqFospDagFY-00286-00219992-00220916": "bad hire then usually within the first few days we will exit that person out of", "fqFospDagFY-00287-00220916-00221656": "the system but sometimes they get through training and like I say I can", "fqFospDagFY-00288-00221656-00222652": "watch those scores and I will know who's going to make it and who's not and again", "fqFospDagFY-00289-00222652-00223366": "just make sure that those incentives are things they really really want alright", "fqFospDagFY-00290-00223366-00223900": "I'm just giving you an example of the data you know I mean it's just fake data", "fqFospDagFY-00291-00223900-00224896": "so and again this is this is quality driven but before quality driven we", "fqFospDagFY-00292-00224896-00225569": "surveyed you could use Survey Monkey which is free and you could do something", "fqFospDagFY-00293-00225569-00226115": "very similar but then you're gonna put it in an Excel spreadsheet and you're", "fqFospDagFY-00294-00226115-00226669": "gonna do the figuring yourself and you have to make sure", "fqFospDagFY-00295-00226669-00227153": "that you keep it very transparent to your staff", "fqFospDagFY-00296-00227153-00227780": "the whole reason quality driven was created was because it is a little bit", "fqFospDagFY-00297-00227780-00228452": "time-consuming but very doable so don't you know throw your hands up and be like", "fqFospDagFY-00298-00228452-00228973": "well I don't want to do you know I don't want that system and it's too much", "fqFospDagFY-00299-00228973-00229709": "trouble well I'm not gonna lie it is some trouble but in my opinion it's very", "fqFospDagFY-00300-00229709-00230869": "much worth it I mean I had a terrible terrible culture before I started some", "fqFospDagFY-00301-00230869-00231725": "of these things so it's absolutely worth the hours that it takes a week to not", "fqFospDagFY-00302-00231725-00232523": "have to feel terrible about my business 24/7 but there are easier ways if you", "fqFospDagFY-00303-00232523-00232939": "choose to do it that way all right", "fqFospDagFY-00304-00233046-00233869": "you know and what's funny is my son who I've recently hired to help that quality", "fqFospDagFY-00305-00233869-00234479": "driven a little bit reminded me when I was talking about his pay structure and", "fqFospDagFY-00306-00234479-00235244": "it's teared and it's very gold based and he started smiling and I asked him what", "fqFospDagFY-00307-00235244-00235817": "he was smiling about and he said you've are you've always paid like this and he", "fqFospDagFY-00308-00235817-00236617": "reminded me that very very early on in my company that you know when marketing", "fqFospDagFY-00309-00236617-00237233": "dollars were really tight and we were doing door hangers and I remember", "fqFospDagFY-00310-00237233-00237830": "distinctly I had ordered well I didn't until he reminded me but I had ordered", "fqFospDagFY-00311-00237830-00238640": "1200 door hangers and they had something time-sensitive on there and my kids were", "fqFospDagFY-00312-00238640-00239321": "like 9 and 10 years old and I would get my kids and some of their friends and I", "fqFospDagFY-00313-00239321-00240017": "had a van and there was no way I could get all of those out and run the", "fqFospDagFY-00314-00240017-00240596": "business and I think I was cleaning some at the time so what I do is I get the", "fqFospDagFY-00315-00240596-00241279": "ban load of kids and my goal was we were going to deliver all 1,200 of those well", "fqFospDagFY-00316-00241279-00242248": "it was super hot and anyway around 800 900 of them they were dragon but they", "fqFospDagFY-00317-00242248-00242755": "were hot and I did feel bad for them I really did but I also really needed", "fqFospDagFY-00318-00242755-00243623": "these done and I knew you were so close so I remember I told them I will pay you", "fqFospDagFY-00319-00243623-00244431": "X number of dollars if you stop right now but if you finish and they were", "fqFospDagFY-00320-00244431-00244948": "three quarters of the way done I said if you finish them all I will pay you", "fqFospDagFY-00321-00244948-00245881": "double and I will take you with your money to shop which you know kids 9/10", "fqFospDagFY-00322-00245881-00246529": "they want to spend that money as soon as they get it so that was enticing and", "fqFospDagFY-00323-00246529-00247391": "we'll go to the pool so they finished they finished and if I wouldn't have", "fqFospDagFY-00324-00247391-00248086": "figured out what they wanted and what I could entice them with so that it was a", "fqFospDagFY-00325-00248086-00248644": "win-win for both of us I got all those workers out I wasn't going to waste any", "fqFospDagFY-00326-00248644-00249446": "money because the you know that offer date expired and they didn't hate me", "fqFospDagFY-00327-00249446-00250165": "because you know at the end of it it was like I got double the money I got to go", "fqFospDagFY-00328-00250165-00250748": "to Walmart or Target or wherever we went to spend their money and they got a pool", "fqFospDagFY-00329-00250748-00251644": "party so he's right I have always believed in this system too it's like", "fqFospDagFY-00330-00251644-00252484": "you can get people to buy in to what you need because they're getting what they", "fqFospDagFY-00331-00252484-00252717": "want", "fqFospDagFY-00332-00252921-00253871": "and I do preach building an environment where your employees can depend on what", "fqFospDagFY-00333-00253871-00254519": "you say you'll do whether that means reward or terminate", "fqFospDagFY-00334-00254519-00255466": "because it results in an environment of trust and respect and when you have a", "fqFospDagFY-00335-00255466-00256471": "culture of transparency consistency respect you create a culture gratitude", "fqFospDagFY-00336-00256471-00257460": "and not despair and just think how that culture translates to not only your home", "fqFospDagFY-00337-00257460-00258076": "life and that you feel so much better about your business but also your", "fqFospDagFY-00338-00258076-00258709": "employees home life because you've created a culture that builds an", "fqFospDagFY-00339-00258709-00259444": "employee up they'll leave work truly feeling like they matter and their work", "fqFospDagFY-00340-00259444-00260419": "matters so just imagine that employee will now go home to their kids and maybe", "fqFospDagFY-00341-00260419-00260763": "it will have a little bit more patience helping them with their homework", "fqFospDagFY-00342-00260763-00261733": "assignment or make the time to listen to their kids talk about their day and that", "fqFospDagFY-00343-00261733-00262672": "has such a ripple effect so you're not just influencing how you feel and and", "fqFospDagFY-00344-00262672-00263709": "your family but you're influencing other families and I I know it's kind of a", "fqFospDagFY-00345-00263709-00264558": "Pollyanna way to look at it but I know that your company culture not only", "fqFospDagFY-00346-00264558-00265525": "affects you but it has an effect on your employees and a ripple effect on both of", "fqFospDagFY-00347-00265525-00265755": "your families", "fqFospDagFY-00348-00265827-00266761": "so I urge you to start building that culture where things are more", "fqFospDagFY-00349-00266761-00267810": "transparent that you let people know how to stay out of trouble and they don't", "fqFospDagFY-00350-00267810-00268641": "have to guess if they're getting a bonus you build a culture that's consistent so", "fqFospDagFY-00351-00268641-00269751": "you do what you say you're going to do even when it's hard and you give them", "fqFospDagFY-00352-00269751-00270675": "the data that they're craving and when you do all of that then you have to make", "fqFospDagFY-00353-00270675-00271986": "sure that you not only celebrate with you know maybe goal celebrations parties", "fqFospDagFY-00354-00271986-00273093": "whatever but the heart and soul of it is really that affirmation and the Pat's on", "fqFospDagFY-00355-00273093-00273480": "the back and letting employees know you did it", "fqFospDagFY-00356-00273480-00274209": "I am proud of you and you know feel so good about yourself and we don't say it", "fqFospDagFY-00357-00274209-00275019": "in those words but it's the constant affirmation that we give them and so we", "fqFospDagFY-00358-00275019-00275568": "don't harp on the bad things we really drive our culture around the", "fqFospDagFY-00359-00275568-00276390": "affirmations and we have a whole system of how we make sure that's in their face", "fqFospDagFY-00360-00276390-00277239": "you know that if they're not earning those rewards and affirmations then they", "fqFospDagFY-00361-00277239-00278786": "see others getting that so they want it and if you reinforce the behavior that", "fqFospDagFY-00362-00278786-00279522": "you want and need with those boys and the celebrations then you're", "fqFospDagFY-00363-00279522-00280596": "going to get more of that I can promise you and just remember it is simple but", "fqFospDagFY-00364-00280596-00281349": "it is not easy at all it's going to be so hard and you're gonna want to quit", "fqFospDagFY-00365-00281349-00281925": "you really will it's you know again it's like a diet you know it's not it's not", "fqFospDagFY-00366-00281925-00282582": "something that you can turn on and off and when I say a diet it's a your", "fqFospDagFY-00367-00282582-00283365": "culture turnaround is just like your turnaround and your eating habits you", "fqFospDagFY-00368-00283365-00284052": "can you know it's a similar kind of process it is a day in day out you know", "fqFospDagFY-00369-00284052-00284847": "toe the line stick with it kind of situation but you", "fqFospDagFY-00370-00284847-00285504": "have to plow through it in the tough times as well as the easy times and if", "fqFospDagFY-00371-00285504-00286253": "you can do it I promise you that you and your staff will be so glad you did", "fqFospDagFY-00372-00286253-00287229": "so anyway good luck to you you can reach me through the quality driven Facebook", "fqFospDagFY-00373-00287229-00288180": "group or Martha at quality driven software comm I will warn you I do get a", "fqFospDagFY-00374-00288180-00288774": "lot of emails so be patient and if I don't answer you right away you might", "fqFospDagFY-00375-00288774-00289386": "have to ask a couple of times and it's nothing personal but hmm I run three", "fqFospDagFY-00376-00289386-00290064": "businesses so it's really busy so just bear with me but anyway I hope that I've", "fqFospDagFY-00377-00290064-00290856": "hit home if you need some of that help and I do wish you the very best thanks", "fqFospDagFY-00378-00290856-00291607": "for listening"}}, {"audio_id": "fqPgUl5JYZc", "text": {"fqPgUl5JYZc-00000-00000016-00000184": "In my Daily Dozen checklist,", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00001-00000184-00000704": "I recommend eating one tablespoon of flaxseed a day.", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00002-00000704-00000992": "But you may have heard that flaxseed contains cyanide.", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00003-00000992-00001152": "What?!", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00004-00001152-00001592": "Is it anything to worry about? Watch the video to find out.", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00005-00001603-00002275": "\"How Well Does Cooking Destroy Cyanide in Flax Seeds and Should We Be Concerned?\"", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00006-00002320-00002640": "Sweden's dietary guidelines are pioneering in many ways;", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00007-00002640-00002984": "for example, encouraging people to decrease their climate impact", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00008-00002984-00003311": "by choosing more plant-based foods, which tend to produce greatly", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00009-00003311-00003768": "fewer greenhouse gas emissions. But I was surprised by this page", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00010-00003768-00004064": "on the official Swedish National Food Agency website,", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00011-00004064-00004512": "which translates to cyanogenic glycosides and hydrogen cyanide,", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00012-00004512-00004912": "encouraging people to stay away from ground flaxseed", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00013-00004912-00005336": "for fear of cyanide toxicity, as in the ground flax seeds", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00014-00005336-00005640": "I encourage everyone to eat every day.", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00015-00005728-00005976": "You can see why this was the first question I got", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00016-00005976-00006104": "when I spoke in Stockholm.", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00017-00006224-00006495": "Was the Swedish government on to something?", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00018-00006495-00006872": "Had I just been duped by Big Flax-funded researchers", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00019-00006872-00007304": "who claimed you could eat pounds of ground flaxseeds a day without worrying,", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00020-00007304-00007840": "more than 150 tablespoons a day? First, some background.", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00021-00007904-00008288": "As many as one in five plants that we eat produce cyanide.", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00022-00008288-00008552": "In fact, if you look at the major food crops in the world,", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00023-00008552-00008872": "more than half are cyanogenic, meaning cyanide producing.", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00024-00008936-00009336": "See, unlike toxic elements like lead, mercury, arsenic that can't be broken", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00025-00009336-00009608": "down into anything, cyanide is an organic molecule:", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00026-00009608-00009952": "one carbon atom attached to one nitrogen atom.", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00027-00009952-00010184": "In this state it can definitely be toxic,", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00028-00010184-00010664": "but broken down or complexed to something else and it loses its toxicity.", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00029-00010664-00011000": "And we have an enzyme in our body that does just that,", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00030-00011000-00011240": "a cyanide detoxifying enzyme.", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00031-00011296-00011728": "And that's just one of five main ways our body can detoxify cyanide.", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00032-00011728-00012112": "It does require protein to do it though, and so that's why you can read about", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00033-00012112-00012520": "chronic cyanide toxicity among malnourished populations in Africa", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00034-00012520-00012856": "trying to live off of improperly processed cassava root.", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00035-00012912-00013136": "But as long as we're getting adequate protein in our diet,", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00036-00013136-00013552": "our body can detoxify the normal amounts of cyanide we eat every day.", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00037-00013640-00014032": "Now there is a rare, congenital genetic condition called Leber's disease,", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00038-00014032-00014360": "where you're born without the ability to detoxify cyanide.", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00039-00014360-00014728": "And indeed, yeah, you could go blind drinking apple cider or something,", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00040-00014728-00015224": "but otherwise our bodies evolved to be cyanide-detoxifying machines,", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00041-00015224-00015432": "but obviously there's a limit.", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00042-00015432-00015880": "For example, a case of cyanide poisoning after bitter almond ingestion.", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00043-00015880-00016216": "Not regular almonds, which produce about 40 times less cyanide,", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00044-00016216-00016672": "but bitter almonds, which you can't even buy—they're used in flavor manufacturing—", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00045-00016672-00017000": "but if you did, eating 50 of them could kill you,", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00046-00017000-00017272": "or even just a handful for a small child.", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00047-00017272-00017664": "This suggests that eating 2,000 regular almonds at one sitting", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00048-00017664-00017800": "could also be bad news.", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00049-00017888-00018224": "You can't buy bitter almonds, but you can buy apricots,", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00050-00018224-00018752": "and apricot kernels, which are the seeds inside the stone, actually have", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00051-00018752-00019096": "pretty toxic levels, and have indeed been implicated in cases", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00052-00019096-00019392": "of severe cyanide poisoning, all linked to the", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00053-00019392-00019816": "\"Laetrile: cult of cyanide, Promoting poison for profit\"", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00054-00019816-00019960": "that I talked about previously.", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00055-00019960-00020528": "So I'm totally sympathetic to regulators wanting to take a precautionary approach.", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00056-00020528-00020944": "But are flaxseeds like bitter almonds, where just a few ounces could kill you,", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00057-00020944-00021248": "or more like regular almonds where regular dietary intake", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00058-00021248-00021344": "wouldn't even come close?", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00059-00021416-00021736": "Although the fact that flaxseeds can produce cyanide sounds like", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00060-00021736-00021904": "it would be a significant health concern,", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00061-00021904-00022376": "it is not for several reasons, says flax industry-funded scientists.", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00062-00022376-00022720": "First, the adult human body has the ability to detoxify", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00063-00022720-00023048": "up to 100 mg of cyanide per day. That's where they come up with", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00064-00023048-00023320": "their \"pounds of flaxseeds a day are safe\" number.", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00065-00023320-00023528": "And if you wanted to eat more than", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00066-00023528-00023992": "those totally unrealistic 150 tablespoons a day,", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00067-00023992-00024344": "you could just eat them in baked goods since cooking destroys the cyanide.", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00068-00024344-00024656": "And eating 7 or 8 tablespoons of raw doesn't even bump", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00069-00024656-00025032": "urinary thiocyanate levels, which is an indicator of cyanide exposure,", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00070-00025032-00025280": "so it doesn't even look like your body is even exposed to it.", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00071-00025280-00025624": "Thus, the toxicity of flaxseed from cyanogenic glycosides", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00072-00025624-00025968": "is not, evidently, a realistic health threat.", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00073-00026064-00026256": "OK, let's unpack that.", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00074-00026312-00026712": "The cooking part is mostly true. Yes, bake muffins with even", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00075-00026712-00027080": "like a quarter cup of ground flax each for 15 to 18 minutes", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00076-00027080-00027472": "at about 450 degrees Fahrenheit and the cyanide-forming compounds are gone.", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00077-00027552-00027768": "Looks like the same thing happens with baked bread.", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00078-00027824-00028383": "But bake ground flax seeds on their own, and even an hour at 350", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00079-00028383-00028839": "only wipes out 20%, though baking them whole wipes out 80%.", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00080-00028936-00029327": "And what, baking in bread or muffins wipes out 100%?", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00081-00029327-00029608": "How does that make any sense?", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00082-00029608-00029752": "It's the moisture.", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00083-00029808-00030200": "It's heat plus water that wipes out the cyanide.", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00084-00030200-00030527": "Boiling for just five minutes can wipe it out, like when making", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00085-00030527-00030672": "hot cereal or something.", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00086-00030672-00030880": "And so, yes, it's true in most cases", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00087-00030880-00031120": "that cooking eliminates the cyanide compounds", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00088-00031120-00031448": "because it typically starts out in a batter as an egg substitute,", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00089-00031448-00031768": "or baking crackers, or the dough starts out moist.", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00090-00031768-00032160": "And so, yes, in those cases the cyanide is gone upon cooking.", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00091-00032160-00032472": "But you can't just spread ground flaxseeds on a baking sheet", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00092-00032472-00032928": "because they dry out so fast that only a minority of the cyanide is lost.", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00093-00032928-00033296": "But, look, why does it matter if your body", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00094-00033296-00033784": "doesn't even seem to notice 7 or 8 tablespoons of raw?", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00095-00033864-00033984": "But that's not true.", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00096-00033984-00034312": "Urinary thiocyanate excretion doubled at that level,", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00097-00034312-00034688": "though that's just a sign your body is actively detoxifying it.", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00098-00034688-00035248": "And if we can detoxify a kilo worth of flax a day, what's the problem?", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00099-00035344-00035768": "Well, look, even if the adult human body has the ability to detoxify", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00100-00035768-00036176": "up to 100 mg of cyanide a day, first of all, look, kids eat flax too.", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00101-00036240-00036792": "Second of all, a kilo has more than the 100 you said we could detoxify,", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00102-00036792-00036944": "about 50% more.", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00103-00036944-00037504": "And I'm not interested in how much we can detoxify \"up to.\"", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00104-00037568-00037808": "For safety you're interested in the worst-case scenario,", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00105-00037808-00037976": "not the best-case scenario.", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00106-00037976-00038312": "Would someone please just give people different doses of flaxseeds", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00107-00038312-00038568": "and just measure how much cyanide ends up in their blood?", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00108-00038568-00039384": "But that's never been done until now, which we'll cover next.", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00109-00039712-00039960": "Flaxseeds pack a nutritional punch.", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00110-00039960-00040248": "And as a bonus the release of cyanide from flaxseed", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00111-00040248-00040832": "is below a toxic lethal dose. Well, I should hope so.", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00112-00040832-00041056": "Back-of-the-envelope type calculations have led", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00113-00041056-00041392": "industry-funded scientists to assert that a person would have to consume", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00114-00041392-00041936": "8 cups of ground flaxseed at a time to achieve acute cyanide toxicity.", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00115-00042008-00042312": "I'd feel better though if it was actually put to the test.", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00116-00042392-00042784": "Researchers tested flaxseeds under worst-case scenario conditions,", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00117-00042784-00043096": "with respect to resulting in higher cyanide levels in the blood.", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00118-00043096-00043488": "So (1) locate the flaxseed with the highest level", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00119-00043488-00043728": "of cyanide-forming compounds you can find.", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00120-00043728-00043840": "So they went to stores", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00121-00043840-00044160": "and bought 15 different sources of flaxseed, and though the average level", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00122-00044160-00044488": "was 140 milligrams per kilo, which is about typical,", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00123-00044488-00044800": "they did find one with 220, so they used that one.", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00124-00044880-00045272": "(2) maximal mechanical destruction to release the most cyanide.", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00125-00045272-00045584": "So they used some crazy 20,000 RPM lab grinder.", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00126-00045688-00046008": "(3) eat it all at once on an empty stomach,", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00127-00046008-00046144": "and then keep the stomach empty.", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00128-00046224-00046576": "And they gave it raw, since cooking can often wipe it all out.", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00129-00046632-00046960": "If the recommended daily dose is like one or two tablespoons", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00130-00046960-00047344": "of ground flaxseed a day—I recommend one in my Daily Dozen checklist—", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00131-00047344-00047656": "they decided to go with four and a half tablespoons.", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00132-00047656-00047872": "OK, so what happened?", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00133-00047976-00048384": "The range of cyanide blood levels that one might estimate to possibly", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00134-00048384-00048824": "be associated with the clinical symptoms of intoxication would be like 20 to 40.", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00135-00048880-00049440": "So that would be like here or higher, where we want to stay below.", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00136-00049512-00049776": "So four and a half tablespoons on an empty stomach", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00137-00049776-00050144": "of the highest cyanide-containing ultra- ground raw flaxseeds they could find,", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00138-00050144-00050616": "and the highest individual level rise was just under 14,", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00139-00050616-00050792": "and the average was down around 6.", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00140-00050952-00051264": "There has to be some amount of flax that takes you over the limit though.", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00141-00051264-00051616": "So, they tested 9 tablespoons and 15 tablespoons too.", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00142-00051696-00051984": "Remember, we start to worry at around 20 to 40.", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00143-00052064-00052440": "Three and a half teaspoons of raw high- cyanide ground flax on an empty stomach?", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00144-00052440-00052520": "Hardly a blip.", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00145-00052624-00052864": "Seven teaspoons at a time? Same thing.", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00146-00052864-00053240": "Fourteen teaspoons, which is four and a half tablespoons, and there's that 6.", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00147-00053240-00053591": "OK, but what about a little over 9 tablespoons—", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00148-00053591-00054160": "that's over a half cup at a time— and that does start skirting toxicity.", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00149-00054216-00054440": "And finally, what about a whole cup?", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00150-00054440-00054655": "I don't even know how you'd eat a whole cup at once,", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00151-00054655-00055072": "but that is too much, putting you in that potential toxic range", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00152-00055072-00055167": "for about three hours.", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00153-00055224-00055584": "So much for the industry's 8 cups at a time are safe.", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00154-00055679-00056088": "But even in this worst-case scenario situation, one cup raw", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00155-00056088-00056336": "on an empty stomach at the highest dose they could find,", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00156-00056336-00056728": "that person still didn't actually have any clinical symptoms.", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00157-00056791-00057248": "This is consistent with the fact that there's not a single published report", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00158-00057248-00057584": "of cyanide poisoning after consumption of flaxseeds anywhere in the literature,", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00159-00057679-00057864": "even from Swedish health spas,", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00160-00057864-00058191": "where they evidently give up to 12 tablespoons as a fiber shock.", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00161-00058264-00058672": "Usually high doses are like two or so tablespoons three times a day,", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00162-00058672-00059136": "and this dose would be safe with respect to possible acute toxicity of cyanide.", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00163-00059232-00059624": "OK, but what about any possible chronic toxicity?", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00164-00059679-00059872": "The World Health Organization has something called", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00165-00059872-00060336": "a PMTDI, the provisional maximum tolerable daily intake.", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00166-00060336-00060616": "It's defined as the amount you can eat safely, every day,", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00167-00060616-00060944": "for the rest of your life, without risking any adverse", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00168-00060944-00061208": "health effects, based on the best available data,", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00169-00061208-00061536": "though often that's just like rat studies as it was in this case.", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00170-00061591-00061920": "If you put varying doses of cyanide in the drinking water of rats", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00171-00061920-00062255": "for a few months, at a certain level, the so-called benchmark dose", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00172-00062255-00062591": "lower confidence limit, there's a 10% increased incidence", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00173-00062591-00062952": "of the shrinkage of the tail of the epididymis, which is where", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00174-00062952-00063096": "sperm is stored in the testicles.", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00175-00063160-00063528": "That happens at the human equivalent of about 150 tablespoons", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00176-00063528-00063744": "of flaxseeds a day worth of cyanide.", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00177-00063744-00063888": "But they want to err on the side of caution,", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00178-00063888-00064432": "so they introduce a 100-fold uncertainty factor to create the PMTDI.", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00179-00064432-00064696": "So instead of 150 tablespoons of flaxseeds a day,", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00180-00064696-00065079": "the average American should stick to under 1.5 tablespoons a day,", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00181-00065079-00065224": "if you're going to eat them every day.", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00182-00065224-00065592": "So my tablespoon-a-day Daily Dozen recommendation should be safe", "fqPgUl5JYZc-00183-00065592-00065984": "by any of these standards."}}, {"audio_id": "fqXfNHTPrEQ", "text": {}}, {"audio_id": "fr6xe2wb5MU", "text": {"fr6xe2wb5MU-00000-00000000-00000168": "Hi everyone !", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00001-00000168-00000242": "It's Loee !", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00002-00000242-00000417": "I'll talk really quickly now", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00003-00000417-00000545": "to tell you two things", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00004-00000545-00000794": "First ! We are more and more here", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00005-00000794-00000914": "and it's totally crazy ! (in a good way)", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00006-00000914-00001135": "I'm so happy to see you here !", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00007-00001135-00001279": "Thank you so much !", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00008-00001279-00001440": "Thank you x3", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00009-00001488-00001639": "Second Thing is that", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00010-00001639-00001759": "Since you have a lot of questions", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00011-00001759-00001907": "I would like to make my first Q&A", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00012-00001907-00002099": "on my YT channel, for the next video !", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00013-00002099-00002414": "So if you have any questions, ask me in comments !", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00014-00002414-00002632": "It can be about Korea, Illustration,", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00015-00002632-00002811": "or about Kim, and me.", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00016-00002811-00003044": "And now, let's start the video !", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00017-00003287-00003399": "Tuesday, February 23rd 2021", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00018-00003399-00003599": "Apartment hunting in Gwanganli & Back to Pukyong Uni", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00019-00004514-00004604": "Loee : Oh it smells so good !", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00020-00004604-00004795": "Kim : Oh ! Why are they eating now ?", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00021-00004795-00004946": "Ah it's 11am ! That's why !", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00022-00005018-00005132": "Let's eat meat !", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00023-00005697-00005975": "Ok, it's windy so I don't know how the sound will turn out", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00024-00005975-00006107": "I hope it will be ok !", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00025-00006107-00006524": "Today I'm filming because we are going to find an apartment", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00026-00006524-00006748": "So far we have spotted one", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00027-00006748-00007040": "which is in Gwanganli and is just in front of the beach", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00028-00007040-00007250": "I will show you because", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00029-00007250-00007518": "where I am on the parking, I can see the beach", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00030-00007518-00007679": "and I can see Gwangan Bridge", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00031-00007679-00008037": "So yeah, I hope we will like this apartment", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00032-00008037-00008477": "It's a bit expensive compared to other apartment in Korea", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00033-00008477-00008795": "But compared to France it's really...", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00034-00008795-00008959": "It's really affordable", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00035-00009170-00009305": "So yeah, we will see", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00036-00009305-00009402": "We will visit it", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00037-00009402-00009602": "I'll try to film, I'm not sure if I can", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00038-00009602-00009794": "but I'll try", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00039-00009794-00010140": "Anyway if we take it you'll see it", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00040-00010140-00010530": "We really liked it on the ad", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00041-00010620-00010910": "Sea view - From the parking of the 1st appart", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00042-00011257-00011457": "In the end I couldn't film the first apartment", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00043-00011457-00011653": "which was still occupied this day", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00044-00011653-00011913": "Anyway it didn't match our expectation at all", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00045-00011913-00012119": "because one of the room was so small", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00046-00012119-00012234": "and lacked of luminosity", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00047-00012451-00012588": "Visit of Apartment 2", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00048-00012588-00012767": "The entrance", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00049-00012872-00013067": "The bathroom", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00050-00013675-00013912": "The kitchen", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00051-00014745-00014985": "The 1st Room", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00052-00015610-00015810": "Look at this view !", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00053-00016179-00016412": "The living room", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00054-00016985-00017169": "The dressing room", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00055-00017757-00017957": "The 2nd Room", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00056-00018855-00019000": "We are struggling right now", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00057-00019050-00019153": "We are running everywhere", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00058-00019848-00020126": "Kim : We will sit near the beach after", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00059-00021699-00021829": "Sorry i'm out of breath", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00060-00021829-00021915": "I'll explain", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00061-00021915-00022199": "we are struggling because", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00062-00022199-00022387": "we visited two apartment today", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00063-00022387-00022642": "and we loved the second one", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00064-00022642-00022819": "I showed you the pictures", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00065-00023104-00023486": "But to reserve it we have to pay 300.000W", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00066-00023486-00023675": "So about 300$", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00067-00023981-00024181": "Since in Korea it's really fast", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00068-00024181-00024506": "they are asking us to pay NOW, to reserve it NOW", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00069-00024506-00024829": "and since on Kim's Korean bank account", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00070-00024829-00025031": "there's 290.000W", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00071-00025031-00025630": "We had to find a place to withdraw money", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00072-00025630-00025935": "and then transfer on the Korean bank account", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00073-00025935-00026185": "so we're running everywhere", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00074-00026263-00026463": "omg, what's wrong with my make up ?", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00075-00026703-00026810": "Anyway", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00076-00026810-00027068": "I'll talk to you later", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00077-00027812-00028012": "Gwanganli - Let's go to the beach", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00078-00028401-00028729": "Welcome to our new neighbourhood", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00079-00030410-00030708": "I'd already see myself on the billboard (French song)", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00080-00031658-00031933": "Let's eat ! We're so hungry !", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00081-00034328-00034417": "Loee : Is it good ?", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00082-00034611-00034746": "Loee : Your face when it's delicious", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00083-00034746-00034936": "It looks like you think it's disgusting", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00084-00034936-00035127": "but it's so delicious", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00085-00035194-00035394": "It's really good ! Wanna taste it ?", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00086-00035852-00036014": "Isn't it great?", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00087-00036500-00036853": "Who's got the reference ? Tell me in comment !", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00088-00038029-00038113": "Loee : A dog !", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00089-00038193-00038275": "Kim : It's so cute !", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00090-00038370-00038500": "Loee : I really like dog !", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00091-00038560-00038873": "Walking - Between Gwanganli and Pukyong University", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00092-00039021-00039181": "Loee : We will come here to do our workout", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00093-00039181-00039289": "we will make friends", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00094-00039464-00039601": "It's so cool !", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00095-00039801-00040001": "And opposite, sea view", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00096-00040619-00040893": "Hey ! You'll do the big hoola hoop !", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00097-00041374-00041574": "We can be 2 inside", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00098-00042583-00042783": "PKNU - We are coming from the back entrance", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00099-00044629-00044747": "Kim : Wait x3", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00100-00044747-00044859": "I start again", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00101-00044859-00045000": "Loee : Oh no ! It's been twice already", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00102-00045000-00045050": "Kim : But I cut it !", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00103-00045050-00045152": "Loee : What a POTATOOO !", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00104-00045441-00045641": "Kim : Is it a Video-ception ?", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00105-00045954-00046154": "Loee : Let's go ! Yaluluuu", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00106-00046614-00046814": "Loee : Should we go here or there ? I can't remember!", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00107-00047102-00047170": "Loee : I think it's there", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00108-00047170-00047220": "Kim : It's the same thing", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00109-00047701-00047901": "Kim : I was going to day : our old university, but NO !", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00110-00047901-00048064": "It's your university now !", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00111-00048431-00048834": "Kim : I really like trying to show you PKNU", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00112-00048834-00048978": "but we see nothing !", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00113-00049145-00049238": "Kim : Repeat ?", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00114-00049285-00049485": "Loee : Cha eopneun geoli (Street without car)", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00115-00049600-00049800": "Kim : We should buy a selfie-stick because", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00116-00049800-00050123": "my hand is shaking", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00117-00050290-00050431": "It's my workout", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00118-00050431-00050678": "because it's been a while I haven't done my work out", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00119-00051110-00051310": "Loee : Yeah but I don't complain", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00120-00051373-00051573": "Kim : She complains every morning, mid-day and night", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00121-00051573-00051773": "Were should I look... AH !", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00122-00051891-00052246": "You wanna see my face more often in the vlog, I know it !", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00123-00052335-00052535": "But we already only see you in the vlog", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00124-00052535-00052735": "Kim : I know ! That's why they watch the vlog !", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00125-00052964-00053145": "Kim : It looks like we have long legs", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00126-00053759-00054072": "Kim : Today people just graduate", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00127-00054072-00054463": "they just had their diploma today", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00128-00054463-00054804": "So you can see them with their blue dresses", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00129-00054804-00054923": "and their small hat", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00130-00054923-00055180": "I don't think you can see, wait, I'll zoom", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00131-00055558-00055725": "with their small bouquet of flowers", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00132-00058921-00059121": "Meeting with Nina - next to PKNU", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00133-00060434-00060634": "Let's sit in a coffee shop with friends", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00134-00065510-00065710": "Let's go on the rooftop", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00135-00067689-00067889": "Let's go back inside", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00136-00070043-00070243": "We stayed until night", "fr6xe2wb5MU-00137-00071349-00071549": "Thanks for watching :)"}}, {"audio_id": "fr8bUe-7ctu", "text": {"fr8bUe-7ctu-00000-00000101-00000443": "Are you looking for the best transportation provider in Hawaii?", "fr8bUe-7ctu-00001-00000443-00000628": "Choose Pono Express…", "fr8bUe-7ctu-00002-00000628-00000841": "Your transportation made easier!", "fr8bUe-7ctu-00003-00000841-00001386": "With a range of shuttles and private cars available we can meet your every need!", "fr8bUe-7ctu-00004-00001386-00001945": "We offer tours and airport transfers for visitors to our beautiful islands, as well as transport", "fr8bUe-7ctu-00005-00001945-00002117": "for flight crews.", "fr8bUe-7ctu-00006-00002117-00002527": "And we work directly with insurers to offer reliable medical transfers.", "fr8bUe-7ctu-00007-00002527-00003027": "We’re recognized for the premium-quality service we offer... that’s why many of the", "fr8bUe-7ctu-00008-00003027-00003454": "top hotels link directly to our website for streamlined booking!", "fr8bUe-7ctu-00009-00003454-00003686": "Call us now on 800-258-6880.", "fr8bUe-7ctu-00010-00003686-00004063": "In a hurry?", "fr8bUe-7ctu-00011-00004063-00004405": "Visit PonoExpress.com to save time and book online!"}}, {"audio_id": "fry0Q6STAQ4", "text": {"fry0Q6STAQ4-00000-00000108-00001044": "Dear comrades and Friends... Panchami land question is a very complex issue.", "fry0Q6STAQ4-00001-00001044-00001764": "There is a specific situation in Tamil Nadu because the British government", "fry0Q6STAQ4-00002-00001932-00003120": "during the late 90s 19th century sorry not 19th century that is in 1891 the then uh collector", "fry0Q6STAQ4-00003-00003222-00003965": "uh he made a detailed study of the situation of the deletes their living conditions", "fry0Q6STAQ4-00004-00004050-00004602": "and made a report to the British government based around which in 1892", "fry0Q6STAQ4-00005-00004746-00005730": "the colonial poets possible Act ing almost you told you like a case of land", "fry0Q6STAQ4-00006-00005826-00006678": "exclusively to the panjama that means the those who are outside the Varma system panjaba means", "fry0Q6STAQ4-00007-00006678-00007272": "those who are not in the Varma system means according to money smoothie they are subhuman", "fry0Q6STAQ4-00008-00007338-00008112": "they are not even equal to humans so there because they have no land they cannot own any land they", "fry0Q6STAQ4-00009-00008112-00009294": "are working in the agricultural sector like Bond like slaves your right and so seeing the these are", "fry0Q6STAQ4-00010-00009294-00010200": "most inhuman situation we know that caste system is the most inhuman institution in the world", "fry0Q6STAQ4-00011-00010278-00011184": "so who are the Opposites who are the real uh some rights of this caste system the British colonies", "fry0Q6STAQ4-00012-00011262-00012132": "out of their symboli they decided to uh make this decision and there by it was", "fry0Q6STAQ4-00013-00012132-00012810": "legally by act it was decided that told like a case of land", "fry0Q6STAQ4-00014-00013416-00014424": "the pajama and this land cannot be used by any other sections only the schedule only the delis", "fry0Q6STAQ4-00015-00014424-00015426": "can use that plant that was understanding and over almost half a century that means until 1947 this", "fry0Q6STAQ4-00016-00015426-00016206": "was the situation like a case of land were totally owned by the delis as disabled by the British", "fry0Q6STAQ4-00017-00016206-00017100": "government the colonies but after power transfer that is after the British is formerly left India", "fry0Q6STAQ4-00018-00017154-00017766": "and the power is encrusted with the Indian ruling classes the whole situation changed fundamentally", "fry0Q6STAQ4-00019-00017856-00018834": "asked Dr ambakar rightly said that is a thousand-fold more serious than political", "fry0Q6STAQ4-00020-00018834-00019896": "Journey what has happened is after the power transfer all these lands were observed foreign", "fry0Q6STAQ4-00021-00019950-00020262": "bureaucrats political parties", "fry0Q6STAQ4-00022-00020376-00021390": "and other cars also many cars in the media tickets and many even actually it is illegal", "fry0Q6STAQ4-00023-00021456-00022308": "but then they formed and even these bureaucrats they helped to create artificial documents", "fry0Q6STAQ4-00024-00022374-00024444": "understanding of the government run by these political parties to transfer this land from the", "fry0Q6STAQ4-00025-00024444-00025242": "pajamas to the other people such efforts were also there and when the Green Revolution had to answer", "fry0Q6STAQ4-00026-00025242-00025950": "them the because of the exigencies are the needs of the Green Revolution this land where assured by", "fry0Q6STAQ4-00027-00026004-00026862": "still more sections under there is they were completely to migrate to cities as slumdollaries", "fry0Q6STAQ4-00028-00026927-00027714": "or to other parts of India to Bangalore and to other areas these people were committed to migrate", "fry0Q6STAQ4-00029-00027768-00028427": "while the whole land told like a case were totally taken over by the new ruling section", "fry0Q6STAQ4-00030-00028427-00028914": "that emerged or that developed in the post power transfer situation", "fry0Q6STAQ4-00031-00029010-00029748": "now the thing is that today we must understand that the the mainstream parties the mainstream", "fry0Q6STAQ4-00032-00029748-00030270": "ruling class parties are not interested in this thing and they never say anything about this", "fry0Q6STAQ4-00033-00030330-00031080": "but the uh other sections very Lefty movements some ml movements are also involved in ministers", "fry0Q6STAQ4-00034-00031080-00031824": "even in use even women's movements are also involved in this question there is movements also", "fry0Q6STAQ4-00035-00031824-00032952": "but these were not taken in an organization report a state question a political question of Tamil", "fry0Q6STAQ4-00036-00032952-00034056": "Nadu in that way it was never been recently in 1994 John Thomas one and then uh one uh two youths", "fry0Q6STAQ4-00037-00034056-00034716": "who fought for this land they were they become Martyrs the bodies fired at them and they become", "fry0Q6STAQ4-00038-00034716-00035316": "Martyrs in spite of this brutal massacre in spite of this martyrdom of these two youths", "fry0Q6STAQ4-00039-00035316-00035952": "still this question was not taken to the main street so it is still there even when we are", "fry0Q6STAQ4-00040-00035952-00036552": "in the 21st century two decades are finished we are over two decades are over in the 21st", "fry0Q6STAQ4-00041-00036552-00037074": "century now no mainstream parties are taking up this question and even even the so-called", "fry0Q6STAQ4-00042-00037074-00037596": "lefties also not a empties question so we have to link this question with the question of castles", "fry0Q6STAQ4-00043-00037656-00038382": "what is the situation today so caste is an intractable untraceable one whereby Cast", "fry0Q6STAQ4-00044-00038382-00039072": "Operation is bouncing back with intensified viewer in positive power transfer situation", "fry0Q6STAQ4-00045-00039126-00040164": "system is there there is no democracy I know caste system is advancing even not only in", "fry0Q6STAQ4-00046-00040164-00040770": "the ordinary situation there in other fields in higher institutions of learning everywhere cast", "fry0Q6STAQ4-00047-00040770-00041466": "is now safely seated uh in the borders of power and we know everything connected with", "fry0Q6STAQ4-00048-00041466-00042294": "that and it is connected with this that the marginalization and the these are the lists", "fry0Q6STAQ4-00049-00042294-00042840": "or these most Untouchable sections are now driven to the peripheries of society it is", "fry0Q6STAQ4-00050-00042840-00043476": "a manifestation of this that this land question is also allowed not in the main agenda so it is", "fry0Q6STAQ4-00051-00043476-00044148": "in the character therefore we must take up this question in the proper perspective is concerned", "fry0Q6STAQ4-00052-00044148-00044916": "our party is now taking this relation as one of a strategy question of Indian Democratic Revolution", "fry0Q6STAQ4-00053-00044976-00045720": "because this can't stand the grass are interpret in India class 10 class are in separate", "fry0Q6STAQ4-00054-00045792-00046308": "they are integrated and any class analysis in India without taking the caste question", "fry0Q6STAQ4-00055-00046308-00046884": "will lead to erroneous conclusions that is what will happen to the communist movement in India", "fry0Q6STAQ4-00056-00046944-00047544": "the communist movement from the very beginning of course in the 30s the attractive platform", "fry0Q6STAQ4-00057-00047544-00048222": "for Action a document prepared by the CPA which was undergrounded abolition of customers clearly", "fry0Q6STAQ4-00058-00048222-00049068": "mentioned there but after the 30s when the primary kill leadership came to the Forefront and even", "fry0Q6STAQ4-00059-00049068-00049830": "though Trump had to move away from them and even called them damning boys because of their approach", "fry0Q6STAQ4-00060-00049830-00050556": "to costume and therefore they considered Casta says nothing to do with the beast but we know", "fry0Q6STAQ4-00061-00050556-00051750": "that caste is integral with this base also it cuts across based on superstructure that", "fry0Q6STAQ4-00062-00051750-00052812": "this is as I I can give you a parallel situation in Kerala in 1957 when the most trumpeted which is", "fry0Q6STAQ4-00063-00052812-00053544": "one of the most Progressive Library homes in India brought out by the EMS Ministry in 1957 in that", "fry0Q6STAQ4-00064-00053544-00054191": "term they never accepted they never considered the deletes or as the real owners of the land", "fry0Q6STAQ4-00065-00054678-00055841": "went to the middle class because they were the tenants there is", "fry0Q6STAQ4-00066-00055841-00056034": "cannot become tenants also because they are under", "fry0Q6STAQ4-00067-00056112-00057270": "that those lands went to the hands of the intermediate caste and the Syrian Christian people", "fry0Q6STAQ4-00068-00057324-00058020": "so they became uh enriched under the rich were again regard to the peripheries of society this is", "fry0Q6STAQ4-00069-00058020-00058854": "mainly arising from the uh the what is called the distorted version the distorted analysis of caste", "fry0Q6STAQ4-00070-00058854-00059544": "by the so-called communities otherwise this could have been avoided who are the reality leaders who", "fry0Q6STAQ4-00071-00059544-00060162": "should be given land all these questions were totally avoided so the same situation is here", "fry0Q6STAQ4-00072-00060162-00060684": "also so if we have to take care of this question we should see that question and the class question", "fry0Q6STAQ4-00073-00060684-00061296": "in the proper perspective so it is from that perspective that cpim a lot star we have in our", "fry0Q6STAQ4-00074-00061296-00062214": "party program we have analyzed that these casting question and class question because today in India", "fry0Q6STAQ4-00075-00062214-00062855": "the division of labor wealth appropriation of the means of production division of labor", "fry0Q6STAQ4-00076-00062855-00063594": "political power everything is connected with the caste and so Suncast are not separate here it is", "fry0Q6STAQ4-00077-00063594-00064079": "more photos it is integral you cannot separate in India so a class analysis means you have to", "fry0Q6STAQ4-00078-00064079-00064590": "take cash into conservation without this thing in Indian another India class analysis will be", "fry0Q6STAQ4-00079-00064590-00065148": "mechanically it is a mechanical way of thinking that led to this kind of erroneous conclusions", "fry0Q6STAQ4-00080-00065148-00065682": "therefore we understand that we must see that if we have to take the panchami language in", "fry0Q6STAQ4-00081-00065682-00066234": "the proper perspective it should be part of the long struggle it should be part of the struggle", "fry0Q6STAQ4-00082-00066234-00067014": "for the uh or the achievement of true democracy so it should be part of the people's democracy", "fry0Q6STAQ4-00083-00067014-00067554": "Revolution so therefore we must take care of this question in the proper perspective and", "fry0Q6STAQ4-00084-00067554-00068130": "the panchami line question is one of the crucial issues connecting the delete question in Tamil", "fry0Q6STAQ4-00085-00068130-00068796": "Nadu this character is not a mere question of that it is connected with the caste question and it is", "fry0Q6STAQ4-00086-00068796-00069276": "connected with the Inseparable link between cast and class so you have to take that in the whole", "fry0Q6STAQ4-00087-00069276-00069804": "perspective thank you I'm taking up that question in that way we have to approach this question so", "fry0Q6STAQ4-00088-00069804-00070254": "it should be a political question it should be a total political part of a total political program", "fry0Q6STAQ4-00089-00070254-00070818": "in that way we have to take up this question and there are so many details what happens", "fry0Q6STAQ4-00090-00070902-00071490": "so after the politicians went from here the situation became more weights for the delays", "fry0Q6STAQ4-00091-00071490-00072216": "and the schedule tribes we know that today even the caste reservation is also being taken away", "fry0Q6STAQ4-00092-00072216-00072738": "yeah the Constitution is being undermined cultural service in the constitution is", "fry0Q6STAQ4-00093-00072738-00073164": "undermined through upper caste oriented conservation now brought out in the name", "fry0Q6STAQ4-00094-00073164-00073920": "of economic reservation so all these are taking place so there is an old Neo fastest offensive", "fry0Q6STAQ4-00095-00073920-00074472": "against the Untouchable the so-called Untouchable and the daily sections who are still untouchable", "fry0Q6STAQ4-00096-00074472-00075036": "so that is the situation therefore we should take up that question in the proper perspective and", "fry0Q6STAQ4-00097-00075036-00075696": "the plant this panchami language the struggle for their rights this is there is flat and this land", "fry0Q6STAQ4-00098-00075696-00076458": "is owned by other sections for example many many areas May much of this land was not only taken", "fry0Q6STAQ4-00099-00076458-00077040": "by individuals bureaucrats politicians but by the state also in the name of special economic Source", "fry0Q6STAQ4-00100-00077040-00077724": "in order to build Special Economic Source in order to build industrial parks and in order to build", "fry0Q6STAQ4-00101-00077724-00078462": "up a corporate projects this Punjabi land is being used so that is the situation of and the delis are", "fry0Q6STAQ4-00102-00078462-00079050": "being who are already there all their documents are destroyed not documents are there only foreign", "fry0Q6STAQ4-00103-00079050-00079656": "documents are now with a government and with the revenue authorities this is the situation", "fry0Q6STAQ4-00104-00079656-00080298": "and now they are driven again to the favorites of society or they are misplaced and even combined to", "fry0Q6STAQ4-00105-00080298-00080988": "migrate from remote cities as boundary libraries and they are becoming part of the informant the", "fry0Q6STAQ4-00106-00080988-00081642": "informalization process the unorganized sector working class who are like Board of Laboratories", "fry0Q6STAQ4-00107-00081642-00082080": "today so this should be seen in the proper perspective and we should talk about their", "fry0Q6STAQ4-00108-00082080-00082596": "plan as to it should be part of the carcinating relation movement at the same time it should be", "fry0Q6STAQ4-00109-00082596-00083046": "part of the land to the field of question both are in the caste and it should be part", "fry0Q6STAQ4-00110-00083046-00083640": "of the study for abortion of caste and should be part of the struggle for giving land to the real", "fry0Q6STAQ4-00111-00083640-00084258": "tillers of the sweet so both economics both the economic question and the social question all are", "fry0Q6STAQ4-00112-00084258-00084804": "immediately coming up in the case of the Punjabi life question that is our position in this regards"}}, {"audio_id": "frzdHlosRPk", "text": {"frzdHlosRPk-00000-00001900-00002079": "Putting the \"cornerstone of empathy\"", "frzdHlosRPk-00001-00002080-00002351": "in my curriculum has been really easy", "frzdHlosRPk-00002-00002351-00002608": "to do. It starts on the first day, where", "frzdHlosRPk-00003-00002609-00002861": "we start with icebreaker exercises that go", "frzdHlosRPk-00004-00002861-00003109": "beyond just the standard introduction", "frzdHlosRPk-00005-00003109-00003496": "- \"Hi / my name is / my major is / my expected graduation date is...\"", "frzdHlosRPk-00006-00003497-00003954": "And instead, share facts about ourselves", "frzdHlosRPk-00007-00003956-00004099": "that we wouldn't otherwise", "frzdHlosRPk-00008-00004100-00004417": "share in an academic setting. And that", "frzdHlosRPk-00009-00004417-00004683": "activity alone helps to dissolve some of", "frzdHlosRPk-00010-00004683-00004883": "the barriers - helps us all feel a little", "frzdHlosRPk-00011-00004884-00005159": "bit vulnerable, a little bit nervous, and", "frzdHlosRPk-00012-00005159-00005430": "a little bit willing to take risks.", "frzdHlosRPk-00013-00005430-00005702": "Because when we come together collectively", "frzdHlosRPk-00014-00005702-00005936": "to share those stories, people start to", "frzdHlosRPk-00015-00005936-00006204": "realize that, again, we have more", "frzdHlosRPk-00016-00006204-00006483": "similarity than we do difference.", "frzdHlosRPk-00017-00007262-00007472": "My students are first confronted with their", "frzdHlosRPk-00018-00007472-00007787": "assumptions, and their knowledge base,", "frzdHlosRPk-00019-00007787-00008026": "identify through their own experiences, how", "frzdHlosRPk-00020-00008026-00008335": "they come to understand where they're at.", "frzdHlosRPk-00021-00008335-00008549": "And then, we do a series of activities,", "frzdHlosRPk-00022-00008549-00008773": "whether that's an assignment, a reading,", "frzdHlosRPk-00023-00008773-00009186": "a conversation, or a physical activity,", "frzdHlosRPk-00024-00009186-00009394": "to reinforce the content that we're", "frzdHlosRPk-00025-00009394-00009683": "working with and to challenge their", "frzdHlosRPk-00026-00009683-00009857": "assumption - their baseline assumption -", "frzdHlosRPk-00027-00009857-00010323": "and, in the process, they come out with", "frzdHlosRPk-00028-00010323-00010580": "this reflective piece that is embedded", "frzdHlosRPk-00029-00010580-00010900": "into every assignment, where they are", "frzdHlosRPk-00030-00010900-00011157": "expected to expand upon what it is that", "frzdHlosRPk-00031-00011157-00011396": "they actually learned, and how it is that", "frzdHlosRPk-00032-00011396-00011631": "they shifted their action going forward", "frzdHlosRPk-00033-00011631-00011891": "based on that experience.", "frzdHlosRPk-00034-00011891-00012091": "And oftentimes what we uncover, more often", "frzdHlosRPk-00035-00012091-00012445": "than not, what we uncover is that the", "frzdHlosRPk-00036-00012445-00012801": "experiences working with individuals", "frzdHlosRPk-00037-00012801-00013193": "above and beyond just the team dynamic", "frzdHlosRPk-00038-00013193-00013491": "that comes with group projects typical to", "frzdHlosRPk-00039-00013491-00013739": "college courses, gives them an opportunity", "frzdHlosRPk-00040-00013739-00014077": "to really get to know people and learn how", "frzdHlosRPk-00041-00014077-00014379": "to enact those communication skills, so that", "frzdHlosRPk-00042-00014379-00014708": "they can not only bridge the gaps between", "frzdHlosRPk-00043-00014708-00014959": "the differences, but be able to elevate", "frzdHlosRPk-00044-00014959-00015126": "those similarities to the surface,", "frzdHlosRPk-00045-00015126-00015392": "and then work together.", "frzdHlosRPk-00046-00016127-00016421": "One particular experience that I offer", "frzdHlosRPk-00047-00016421-00016578": "to my professional communications", "frzdHlosRPk-00048-00016578-00016748": "students is an exercise on interpersonal", "frzdHlosRPk-00049-00016748-00017120": "closeness. After talking about units on", "frzdHlosRPk-00050-00017120-00017429": "listening and speaking effectively, they", "frzdHlosRPk-00051-00017429-00017698": "start to engage in an exercise where they", "frzdHlosRPk-00052-00017698-00017977": "think that they're being paired together", "frzdHlosRPk-00053-00017977-00018161": "to practice listening and speaking", "frzdHlosRPk-00054-00018161-00018452": "effectively. And they spend 45 minutes", "frzdHlosRPk-00055-00018452-00018796": "going through incremental questions that", "frzdHlosRPk-00056-00018796-00019139": "are designed to sort of unlock higher", "frzdHlosRPk-00057-00019139-00019410": "levels of interpersonal disclosure. And it", "frzdHlosRPk-00058-00019410-00019701": "becomes this sort of scenario where they", "frzdHlosRPk-00059-00019701-00019938": "don't recognize that they're in the hot", "frzdHlosRPk-00060-00019938-00020377": "water until it's too late. And you would", "frzdHlosRPk-00061-00020377-00020540": "find it really interesting to walk around", "frzdHlosRPk-00062-00020540-00020817": "the class as these partners are paired up.", "frzdHlosRPk-00063-00020817-00021129": "They're seemingly opposite ends of many,", "frzdHlosRPk-00064-00021129-00021371": "many spectrums, and they come together and,", "frzdHlosRPk-00065-00021371-00021657": "ten minutes in you hear something like,", "frzdHlosRPk-00066-00021657-00021976": "\"Well, I haven't really shared that with", "frzdHlosRPk-00067-00021976-00022166": "anybody, but since I've already told you", "frzdHlosRPk-00068-00022166-00022421": "about my relationship with my mom...\"", "frzdHlosRPk-00069-00022421-00022771": "And these personal disclosures come out", "frzdHlosRPk-00070-00022771-00023196": "and amplify over the course of 45 minutes.", "frzdHlosRPk-00071-00023196-00023543": "And then I bring them together in a", "frzdHlosRPk-00072-00023543-00023791": "non-verbal communicative state, where", "frzdHlosRPk-00073-00023791-00024013": "they have to simply sit across the table", "frzdHlosRPk-00074-00024013-00024213": "from each other and engage in a mutual", "frzdHlosRPk-00075-00024213-00024548": "gaze, in silence, for 4 minutes.", "frzdHlosRPk-00076-00024548-00024899": "Doesn't seem like a long time, but after", "frzdHlosRPk-00077-00024899-00025163": "you've done this level of disclosure,", "frzdHlosRPk-00078-00025163-00025346": "and this level of learning and connecting", "frzdHlosRPk-00079-00025346-00025580": "on an empathic level with another human", "frzdHlosRPk-00080-00025580-00026074": "being, that incredible act can be very", "frzdHlosRPk-00081-00026074-00026345": "profound. I have looked around my classroom", "frzdHlosRPk-00082-00026345-00026657": "to see students crying as they're staring", "frzdHlosRPk-00083-00026657-00026911": "at one another, complete strangers 45", "frzdHlosRPk-00084-00026911-00027184": "minutes prior, simply because of the", "frzdHlosRPk-00085-00027184-00027464": "connection that occurs when we actively", "frzdHlosRPk-00086-00027464-00027782": "listen empathically to the people", "frzdHlosRPk-00087-00027782-00028060": "that we're connected to.", "frzdHlosRPk-00088-00028060-00028495": "That experience is one that I will continue", "frzdHlosRPk-00089-00028495-00028752": "to integrate into my courses as often", "frzdHlosRPk-00090-00028752-00029005": "as possible, because of the amount of", "frzdHlosRPk-00091-00029005-00029341": "connection and barrier disillusion that", "frzdHlosRPk-00092-00029341-00029733": "comes from that one class session.", "frzdHlosRPk-00093-00029733-00030042": "I've gotten student feedback that,", "frzdHlosRPk-00094-00030042-00030280": "I had a non-traditional student in his", "frzdHlosRPk-00095-00030280-00030577": "forties, come tell me that he, in his", "frzdHlosRPk-00096-00030577-00030902": "lifetime, had never, ever, sat in silence", "frzdHlosRPk-00097-00030902-00031137": "with another human being, and just", "frzdHlosRPk-00098-00031137-00031574": "looked at them. And, to go halfway through", "frzdHlosRPk-00099-00031574-00031884": "your life, potentially, and not have an", "frzdHlosRPk-00100-00031884-00032229": "experience like that, to me, is tragic, so", "frzdHlosRPk-00101-00032229-00032711": "I'm very excited to figure out how to", "frzdHlosRPk-00102-00032711-00032949": "motivate the students to get to this space", "frzdHlosRPk-00103-00032949-00033171": "where they feel comfortable connecting", "frzdHlosRPk-00104-00033171-00033474": "interpersonally like that. And it really", "frzdHlosRPk-00105-00033474-00033780": "does bring that empathy to the center", "frzdHlosRPk-00106-00033780-00034048": "of their learning experience.", "frzdHlosRPk-00107-00034700-00035000": "Subtitles by the Amara.org community"}}, {"audio_id": "frUpAs6bknA", "text": {"frUpAs6bknA-00000-00000528-00001002": "Anh bị sao thế?", "frUpAs6bknA-00001-00001078-00001764": "Oh anh đã bị một tai nạn nhỏ.", "frUpAs6bknA-00002-00001780-00002178": "Sao lại bị gẫy chân thế?", "frUpAs6bknA-00003-00002218-00002674": "Anh bị té ván trượt?", "frUpAs6bknA-00004-00002692-00003080": "Có đau không?", "frUpAs6bknA-00005-00003108-00003850": "Có, Đau lắm, xin đừng làm vậy.", "frUpAs6bknA-00006-00004158-00004562": "Sao vậy Jill?", "frUpAs6bknA-00007-00004594-00005050": "Minh cảm thấy không khỏe,", "frUpAs6bknA-00008-00005070-00005500": "Trông bạn bất ổn rồi.", "frUpAs6bknA-00009-00005580-00005956": "Bạn sắp bị gì đó rổi", "frUpAs6bknA-00010-00005980-00006412": "Mình thấy khó chịu lắm.", "frUpAs6bknA-00011-00006430-00007073": "Mình nghĩ chắc là mình bị cảm cúm.", "frUpAs6bknA-00012-00007092-00007490": "Bạn đi bác sĩ chưa?", "frUpAs6bknA-00013-00007506-00008084": "Chưa, mình chưa đi bác sĩ.", "frUpAs6bknA-00014-00008356-00008916": "Anh bị sao thế?", "frUpAs6bknA-00015-00008934-00009396": "Tôi thấy không ổn.", "frUpAs6bknA-00016-00009420-00009782": "Anh bị sao thế?", "frUpAs6bknA-00017-00009798-00010186": "Tôi bị đau bụng.", "frUpAs6bknA-00018-00010186-00010736": "Bạn có muốn uống thuốc không?", "frUpAs6bknA-00019-00010738-00011252": "Tôi nghĩ rằng một số thuốc có thể giúp tôi được.", "frUpAs6bknA-00020-00011272-00011540": "Nếu bạn không thấy đỡ hơn vào ngày mai", "frUpAs6bknA-00021-00011546-00012418": "Vui lòng quay lại lần nữa."}}, {"audio_id": "fshn05VtVDA", "text": {"fshn05VtVDA-00000-00002050-00002574": "We talk about Biochemical and Environmental Reaction Engineering.", "fshn05VtVDA-00001-00002574-00005424": "And it is quickly look at what is the look at respiration, nitrogen fixation, a photosynthesis,", "fshn05VtVDA-00002-00006012-00007438": "so nitrification, de nitrification. Now, all these reactions are well known to us. And", "fshn05VtVDA-00003-00007438-00008103": "there are the regulated by micro organisms and enzyme are most important part of the", "fshn05VtVDA-00004-00008103-00008593": "worth of the micro organisms do. So, what we will do know is quickly look at, what do", "fshn05VtVDA-00005-00008593-00008953": "enzymes do and how the enzyme kinetics looks like.", "fshn05VtVDA-00006-00008953-00010574": "So, first thing we want to do is enzyme kinetics. Now, it is all known to us that in enzymes", "fshn05VtVDA-00007-00010574-00012522": "of proteins. So, enzymes of proteins, they are proteins that is 1. 2, there active sites", "fshn05VtVDA-00008-00012978-00014222": "the arise from the way the fold in space, phase active sites arise from three dimensional configuration.", "fshn05VtVDA-00009-00014222-00016266": "Third thing is, this configuration, that these enzymes are able to achieve is", "fshn05VtVDA-00010-00016266-00019686": "when you add certain cofactors. Cofactors enable the enzymes to exhibit the 3D structure. These are the", "fshn05VtVDA-00011-00019686-00020115": "three important features that enzymes are able to do.", "fshn05VtVDA-00012-00020115-00020595": "So, what is done in the enzyme literature, that if we have an enzyme, which has it is", "fshn05VtVDA-00013-00020595-00021537": "active form, it forms here complex. And this complex the reacts to form enzyme products", "fshn05VtVDA-00014-00021537-00022215": "plus the enzyme. Now, enzymes are products of biological activity. But, it is now known", "fshn05VtVDA-00015-00022215-00022758": "that enzymes can be extracted purified and used outside the living systems. That, we", "fshn05VtVDA-00016-00022758-00023806": "are able to do in many cases. Now, if I call this as k 1 call this k minus", "fshn05VtVDA-00017-00023806-00024845": "1, call this is k 2 it can write, suppose we perform this reaction in an equipment,", "fshn05VtVDA-00018-00024845-00026160": "which has the substrate S naught, it has an enzyme E naught. Then, you can write you are", "fshn05VtVDA-00019-00026160-00027013": "material balance for the substrate as r times s times v. This is something that we all have written.", "fshn05VtVDA-00020-00027013-00027794": "Similarly, you can write a material balance for the enzymes substrate complex,", "fshn05VtVDA-00021-00027794-00028612": "this material balance for the enzymes substrate, which is the material balance for the enzymes", "fshn05VtVDA-00022-00028612-00028819": "substrate complex.", "fshn05VtVDA-00023-00028819-00029822": "So, let me write all these functions properly r s. Please we note r s, r s rate of formation", "fshn05VtVDA-00024-00029822-00030974": "rate at which get consumed. And then, r s is I am write minus apart k 1 e times s minus", "fshn05VtVDA-00025-00030974-00032447": "k minus of 1 upon e s, r s is k 1 times e times s minus 1. Now, r e s that means, rate", "fshn05VtVDA-00026-00032447-00033225": "at which the enzymes substrate complex is get in formed, I will right here. So, it is", "fshn05VtVDA-00027-00033225-00034594": "k 1 e times s minus of k minus of 1 e s minus of k 2 times e s is notice here.", "fshn05VtVDA-00028-00034594-00035302": "Rate of formation of e s complex is k 1 times e times s minus s minus s. Now, what is frequently", "fshn05VtVDA-00029-00035302-00036542": "done in the enzyme literature is that have try to V here and forgot write it V here.", "fshn05VtVDA-00030-00036725-00037805": "Now, this rate of formation of the e s complex is assume to be this rate; that means, e s", "fshn05VtVDA-00031-00037805-00038603": "complex assumes stationary. On other words, e s remains constant, this does not change", "fshn05VtVDA-00032-00038603-00039344": "r e s equal to 0 is the assumption, which is quad s quasis the steady state approximation.", "fshn05VtVDA-00033-00039344-00039956": "On other words, what we are saying is that, as the enzyme reaction proceeds. The complex", "fshn05VtVDA-00034-00039956-00040428": "does not change in concentration, remains reasonably constant. So, that r e s can be", "fshn05VtVDA-00035-00040428-00040746": "assumed V 0. It is an assumption that the enzyme literature may it is write through", "fshn05VtVDA-00036-00040746-00041234": "for a very, very long time. And in biological process it seems to be a good assumption.", "fshn05VtVDA-00037-00041234-00041896": "But, in commercial synthetic process it applies under certain conditions. The condition is", "fshn05VtVDA-00038-00041896-00042471": "the condition and which it applies is e naught by s naught should be small.", "fshn05VtVDA-00039-00042471-00043306": "In this assumption is could, then this approximation is considered to be very good. On other words,", "fshn05VtVDA-00040-00043306-00043981": "we want uses approximation, we have to see that this ratio is quiet low.", "fshn05VtVDA-00041-00043981-00045677": "Now, setting this is 0. That means, 0 equal to k 1 e times s minus k minus of 1 e s minus", "fshn05VtVDA-00042-00045877-00047738": "k 2 e s equal to 0, gives you e s k minus 1 plus k 2 equal to k 1. What is e, e is simply", "fshn05VtVDA-00043-00047738-00048812": "e plus e s. Then, I will write this as e naught minus of e s into s. So, I will do a further", "fshn05VtVDA-00044-00048812-00050349": "simplification k minus of 1 plus k 2 plus k 1 s equal to k 1 e naught. I have just taken", "fshn05VtVDA-00045-00050349-00050938": "this on to the other site, e naught is the good question, good question e naught.", "fshn05VtVDA-00046-00050938-00051532": "See, this start this enzyme reaction, which certain amount of initial enzyme in the process.", "fshn05VtVDA-00047-00051532-00051994": "So, it is the total amount of enzyme that we have added to the process for initiating", "fshn05VtVDA-00048-00051994-00052179": "this enzyme reaction.", "fshn05VtVDA-00049-00052179-00053430": "So, you get e s let us go forward e s equal to k 1 e naught s divided by k minus of 1", "fshn05VtVDA-00050-00053430-00054430": "plus k 2 plus k 1 s. Now, our enzyme reaction is what E plus S equal to E S, and then E", "fshn05VtVDA-00051-00054430-00055380": "s giving you products plus enzyme. Therefore, the rate at which rate of formation of product", "fshn05VtVDA-00052-00055380-00056450": "is k 2 times e s. This is the rate at which product is found. So, we have got e s here.", "fshn05VtVDA-00053-00056450-00056660": "So, I can get rate of formation of products.", "fshn05VtVDA-00054-00056660-00057926": "Let me write here r p is k 2 times e s therefore, r p equal to k 2 and e s is this one k 1 e", "fshn05VtVDA-00055-00057926-00059007": "naught I will write it again. So, it is k 1 e naught s divided by k minus 1 plus k 2", "fshn05VtVDA-00056-00059007-00060316": "plus k 1 s. So, I can simplify this little k 2 e naught s divided by k minus 1 plus k", "fshn05VtVDA-00057-00060316-00061392": "2 divided by k 1 plus s. So, all I have done is I have just divided numerator in denominator", "fshn05VtVDA-00058-00061392-00062233": "by k 1. So, I have got s here k minus 1 plus k 2 divided by k 1. Let just recall what is", "fshn05VtVDA-00059-00062233-00062442": "k minus 1.", "fshn05VtVDA-00060-00062442-00063610": "Let me, quickly write it again E plus S equal to E S. This is 1 and this is minus 1. So,", "fshn05VtVDA-00061-00063610-00064457": "E S going to products plus enzyme this is 2. Therefore, k minus 1 plus k 2 divided by", "fshn05VtVDA-00062-00064457-00065207": "k 1 this term is often called as K M. This is the nomenclature and enzyme let us them", "fshn05VtVDA-00063-00065207-00066452": "k 2 e naught is often called as V M. Therefore, r p is denoted like this. This is the way", "fshn05VtVDA-00064-00066452-00067061": "in which you will find in literature along the world. The enzyme reaction kinetics is", "fshn05VtVDA-00065-00067061-00067667": "represented like this. But, V M is k 2 e naught and then K M is k", "fshn05VtVDA-00066-00067667-00068408": "minus 1 plus k 2, k minus 1 plus k 2, you can see here k minus 1 plus k 2.", "fshn05VtVDA-00067-00068408-00069316": "Now, if you want to find out the parameters of the enzyme reactions typically, what people", "fshn05VtVDA-00068-00069316-00070117": "do is this. Make a plot, so I will try this again r p equal to V M s divided by K M plus", "fshn05VtVDA-00069-00070117-00071435": "s. So, when we do an inverse transformation 1 by r p equal to K M by V M s plus 1 by V", "fshn05VtVDA-00070-00071435-00072017": "M. This is of course, we have done this many times with the past. So, this is often called", "fshn05VtVDA-00071-00072017-00072676": "as line be the birth plot L B plot. This is the way in which it is describe so", "fshn05VtVDA-00072-00072676-00073319": "you get straight line like this, you have points like this. So, this intercept is 1", "fshn05VtVDA-00073-00073319-00074116": "by V M. And this slope is K M by V M. On other words in enzyme reaction data, if you plot", "fshn05VtVDA-00074-00074116-00074633": "in this form 1 by r p was 1 by s slope and intercept gives you all the parameters.", "fshn05VtVDA-00075-00074633-00075176": "Now, what is important to recognize here is that. Whenever, we do an inverse transformation.", "fshn05VtVDA-00076-00075176-00076198": "let me write this once again 1 by r p equal to K M by V M s divided by 1 by V M. So, when", "fshn05VtVDA-00077-00076198-00076780": "we do an inverse transformation, what happens is that we do measurements in r p. Therefore,", "fshn05VtVDA-00078-00076780-00077529": "r p when we measure, that is some standard values of r p bar plus an error. When we do", "fshn05VtVDA-00079-00077529-00078005": "an inverse transformation, this error is no longer have been this same distribution on", "fshn05VtVDA-00080-00078005-00078481": "same normal kind of distribution. So, inverse transformation have this problem", "fshn05VtVDA-00081-00078481-00078998": "that the error distribution get affected. Therefore, estimation of parameters by doing", "fshn05VtVDA-00082-00078998-00079482": "an inverse transformation by itself is not a good thing. So, what is generally done is", "fshn05VtVDA-00083-00079482-00080139": "that, these K M by V M that comes from this is taken has the initialize estimate to do", "fshn05VtVDA-00084-00080139-00080632": "an non-linear search. Which means, you should use this values of K M and V M that comes", "fshn05VtVDA-00085-00080632-00081061": "out of this linearization and it should be a non-linear search.", "fshn05VtVDA-00086-00081061-00081491": "What is meant by non-linear search? That means, these parameters and occurring the non-linear way", "fshn05VtVDA-00087-00081491-00081947": "We should a non-linear recursion to find out V M and K M, using this as the initial", "fshn05VtVDA-00088-00081947-00082738": "approximation. So, K M and V M coming out of linear is estimation to be used only as", "fshn05VtVDA-00089-00082738-00083260": "an initial approximation for a non-linear search. So, the non-linear search is the best", "fshn05VtVDA-00090-00083260-00083689": "rate it determining the parameters. And you should not give too much confidence to the", "fshn05VtVDA-00091-00083689-00084026": "K M and V M, that comes out of the linear estimations.", "fshn05VtVDA-00092-00084026-00085073": "L B means, this way of representing the enzyme data is called as line weaver Burk plot. This", "fshn05VtVDA-00093-00085073-00085655": "is the name, this comes out of those people who did this meant the many years ago. Line", "fshn05VtVDA-00094-00085655-00086367": "weaver Burk, line weaver I can little line weaver Burk.", "fshn05VtVDA-00095-00086367-00087710": "Now, in form to go kinetics as you all know that r p equal to V M s by K M plus s. So,", "fshn05VtVDA-00096-00087710-00088317": "what is normally done is that, we want to control certain processes in a say a medicine", "fshn05VtVDA-00097-00088317-00088801": "that we all take. The object is to administer this medicine through the particular path", "fshn05VtVDA-00098-00088801-00089504": "way is stopped or in it in enhanced activated whatever. So, this is lot of material that", "fshn05VtVDA-00099-00089504-00090270": "is available, in which this enzyme you can inhibit this enzyme by putting in appropriate chemical.", "fshn05VtVDA-00100-00090270-00090627": "So, when you inhibit this enzyme, what happens", "fshn05VtVDA-00101-00090627-00091427": "is that, this the enzyme goes and then block some active sites. So, when you put your substrate,", "fshn05VtVDA-00102-00091427-00091960": "this substrates compete for the same active site correct. So, that you have to reaction", "fshn05VtVDA-00103-00091960-00092677": "now takes place, because only as part of the active site is now available to the enzyme.", "fshn05VtVDA-00104-00092677-00093757": "So, you can have what is called thus competitive inhibition, in which the enzyme goes and blocks", "fshn05VtVDA-00105-00093757-00094301": "the active site. Now, we have talk to about enzymes, have talk", "fshn05VtVDA-00106-00094301-00094982": "to about what enzymes are we said enzymes are proteins. We also talk to about a very", "fshn05VtVDA-00107-00094982-00095567": "simple form of enzyme kinetics, if you call us Mycale is might be the kinetics. And we", "fshn05VtVDA-00108-00095567-00095899": "said, will talk me about Mycale is meant in kinetics.", "fshn05VtVDA-00109-00095899-00096732": "That the basic formulation of Mycale is meant kinetics is that, enzyme reacts with substrate", "fshn05VtVDA-00110-00096732-00097435": "forms complex substrate to form an E S complex. And E S complex decomposes to give you product enzyme.", "fshn05VtVDA-00111-00097435-00098006": "This is the basic of formulation of Mycale is kinetic, meant it kinetics. Now,", "fshn05VtVDA-00112-00098006-00098752": "over the E S people we have understood, that enzymes do get inhibiter you to variety of", "fshn05VtVDA-00113-00098752-00099370": "reasons. And so and in form of co kinetics in medical treatments in all that. We often", "fshn05VtVDA-00114-00099370-00099823": "look at use the inhibiters to manage certain reactions.", "fshn05VtVDA-00115-00099823-00100420": "Therefore, if I is the inhibiter, which complex as with the enzyme. So, that it forms that", "fshn05VtVDA-00116-00100420-00101052": "E I complex. On other words, what we are saying is that you could have a situation in an enzyme", "fshn05VtVDA-00117-00101052-00101813": "process, that substrate complex is that enzyme to form the enzyme substrate complex. And", "fshn05VtVDA-00118-00101813-00102488": "inhibiter complex is the enzyme to form inhibiter enzyme complex. So, that the active sites", "fshn05VtVDA-00119-00102488-00103098": "on the enzyme is partly consume by the inhibiter. So, that the amount of sites available for", "fshn05VtVDA-00120-00103098-00103660": "substrate is less this could happen. So, that the E S, which is decomposing to", "fshn05VtVDA-00121-00103660-00104127": "form product that enzyme. That is less of E S complex that is available. And to that", "fshn05VtVDA-00122-00104127-00104732": "extent that reaction rates are affective. Now, the context is something like this.", "fshn05VtVDA-00123-00104732-00105396": "That in enzyme literature is tremendous amount of material on how an inhibiter performs on enzyme.", "fshn05VtVDA-00124-00105396-00106113": "So, the use of inhibiter for managing enzyme reactions are very common and that", "fshn05VtVDA-00125-00106113-00106466": "is one of the reason, if I looking at this kind of smart this.", "fshn05VtVDA-00126-00106466-00107059": "Now, I mean the basic procedure for understanding enzyme kinetics, you already done. So, you", "fshn05VtVDA-00127-00107059-00107714": "write the complex is r e s complex r e a complex. What is r e s complex that means, the rate", "fshn05VtVDA-00128-00107714-00108353": "at which the enzyme substrate complex is found. We can see here, E S is found from reaction one.", "fshn05VtVDA-00129-00108353-00109184": "So, it is k 1 e times s you can see here. E S is found reaction k 1 e times s. It is", "fshn05VtVDA-00130-00109184-00109895": "consumed in reaction minus 1 therefore, the minus k minus 1 e s. At the same time, you", "fshn05VtVDA-00131-00109895-00110297": "find that E S is consumed in reaction 3 there was minus k 3 e s.", "fshn05VtVDA-00132-00110297-00110745": "On other words, the rate of formation is e s we have take into account the reaction in", "fshn05VtVDA-00133-00110745-00111450": "which e s is found at reaction is e s consumed. So, all that is written here that is r equation", "fshn05VtVDA-00134-00111450-00112174": "1. Now, if you look at equation this reaction E plus I equal to E I, you notice that r e", "fshn05VtVDA-00135-00112174-00113104": "I complex it is found from k 2, k 2, k 2 e times I is the formation of E I complex. And", "fshn05VtVDA-00136-00113104-00113690": "minus of k minus 2 e I is the consumption E I complex, that is reaction 2.", "fshn05VtVDA-00137-00113690-00114414": "Now, you also know that whatever enzyme we start with then that enzyme is partly free,", "fshn05VtVDA-00138-00114414-00114980": "partly complex by the e s complex partly complex with e I complex. So, that this is the material", "fshn05VtVDA-00139-00114980-00115650": "balance for enzyme. Of course, we can put in the multiply throughout by v to sure that", "fshn05VtVDA-00140-00115650-00116007": "is the total amount of materials that are enzyme the equipment if it to the batch the", "fshn05VtVDA-00141-00116007-00116526": "different and so on. Now, the rate at which substrate s, minus of r s.", "fshn05VtVDA-00142-00116526-00117216": "When that means, rate at which substrate s is consumed, s is consumed in what are the", "fshn05VtVDA-00143-00117216-00117761": "reaction in which s is consume. That reaction which enzymes is consumed k 1 e times s. You", "fshn05VtVDA-00144-00117761-00118458": "can see here, k 1 e times s is consumed at reaction k 1 e times s. Now, s is also consumed", "fshn05VtVDA-00145-00118458-00119122": "in which the other reaction s is consumed. k 1 e s reaction 1 it is consumed. And then", "fshn05VtVDA-00146-00119122-00119874": "the reaction minus 1 it is formed, s is formed. So, k 1 e times s, minus of k minus 1 e s", "fshn05VtVDA-00147-00119874-00120653": "is the rate of formation of r s come formation of substrate. The rate formation of product", "fshn05VtVDA-00148-00120653-00121307": "is simply what k 3 times e s that is enough function of product. Now, something that it", "fshn05VtVDA-00149-00121307-00121877": "like you do for the recognize I am not derived write here so elementary was thought is not", "fshn05VtVDA-00150-00121877-00122465": "the essential. That when you put the e s complex equal to 0. Let means, we say that this is stationary.", "fshn05VtVDA-00151-00122465-00123099": "This is equal to 0, this is equal to 0. When we say, that r e s is stationary.", "fshn05VtVDA-00152-00123099-00123624": "What is meant by r e s is stationary, when you say r e s is stationary, what is meant", "fshn05VtVDA-00153-00123624-00124447": "is that, if you make a plot of e s versus time. e s is not a go through a like this", "fshn05VtVDA-00154-00124447-00124919": "versus, what we are saying is that we are actually looking at the process, during this", "fshn05VtVDA-00155-00124919-00125558": "in this phase. Where, e s is not change. Essentially, what we are saying the e s is not change,", "fshn05VtVDA-00156-00125558-00126277": "e s is constant. That is the meaning of r e s equal to 0. The rate at which e s is change", "fshn05VtVDA-00157-00126277-00126619": "in this not important it is called quasis studied state approximation.", "fshn05VtVDA-00158-00126619-00127449": "Now, when you put r e s is equal to 0, what is that that reaction 1, this equation 1 k", "fshn05VtVDA-00159-00127449-00128089": "e s plus k minus of all that this is 0. Now, if we look at equation 1, reaction 3, equation", "fshn05VtVDA-00160-00128089-00129249": "5 and 4. You realize that under the quasis steady state approximation r p equal to minus r s.", "fshn05VtVDA-00161-00129249-00129884": "Or rate of formation of product is equal to the rate of consumption of substrate. And", "fshn05VtVDA-00162-00129884-00130601": "that make sense also. That is the, but what happens here is that,", "fshn05VtVDA-00163-00130601-00131454": "the presence of E I inhibiter as slightly introduces the element of reaction rate decreases,", "fshn05VtVDA-00164-00131454-00132028": "which we will at come to shortly. So, what we are saying now, what we are saying now", "fshn05VtVDA-00165-00132028-00132613": "is that r e s equal to 0, r e I equal to 0. And then the material balance for the enzyme", "fshn05VtVDA-00166-00132613-00133110": "for given by the equation 3. And under the quasis studied state approximation r s, r", "fshn05VtVDA-00167-00133110-00133503": "p equal to minus of r s, which you can derived it is such not the problem. With these, we", "fshn05VtVDA-00168-00133503-00134085": "can now go on and determine what is the kinetics, for the case of competitive equation.", "fshn05VtVDA-00169-00134085-00134699": "So, what I have done is that adjust we written equation 1, equation 1 I have written like", "fshn05VtVDA-00170-00134699-00135339": "this, I take other side. And similarly, I have written equation 2 slightly differently.", "fshn05VtVDA-00171-00135339-00135985": "So, the idea of writing equation 1 and 2, what I have done in that I have taken this put as 0", "fshn05VtVDA-00172-00135985-00136470": "I have taken it one side I have taken this one side. So, it sort of the use", "fshn05VtVDA-00173-00136470-00136992": "at advantage in terms simplification it. So, when I write it a this form equation 1 and", "fshn05VtVDA-00174-00136992-00137532": "2 as 6 and 7. I can divide 6 by 7 e cancels of see.", "fshn05VtVDA-00175-00137532-00138178": "If I divide the e cancels of so that I get directly in a from here the e I complex. That", "fshn05VtVDA-00176-00138178-00138828": "means, from equation 6 and 7 I am able to tell. Then what is the amount of e I complex found.", "fshn05VtVDA-00177-00138828-00139588": "So, you can see very clearly that e I equal to k minus of 1 by k t k minus of", "fshn05VtVDA-00178-00139588-00140439": "2. This is equation I can call the equation 8. So, what we have done is that equation", "fshn05VtVDA-00179-00140439-00141221": "using equation is 1 and 2. And rearranging we have eliminated e I got", "fshn05VtVDA-00180-00141221-00141930": "at expression for e I complex. That means, e I now depends on k minus 1 k 3, k 1 s, k", "fshn05VtVDA-00181-00141930-00142332": "2 can and I e s and so on.", "fshn05VtVDA-00182-00142332-00142812": "Now, so the advantage enzymes is that, so I have just what I have done here is that,", "fshn05VtVDA-00183-00142812-00143462": "have the e I complex I have just got the e I complex here the equation 8. Then I have", "fshn05VtVDA-00184-00143462-00144085": "substituted for e I from here. So, what I have done here is that, I have substituted", "fshn05VtVDA-00185-00144085-00144970": "for e I from equation 8. So, what do we get, what do we get is that I substituted for e", "fshn05VtVDA-00186-00144970-00145604": "I here and then simplify. So, what do we get, we get let me go through this once second", "fshn05VtVDA-00187-00145604-00145966": "just for all. So, what do we have, what we have here is", "fshn05VtVDA-00188-00145966-00146975": "that r e s equal to 0. k 1 e s k minus 1 e s k 3 e s. Now, this e we can eliminate from", "fshn05VtVDA-00189-00146975-00147675": "equation 3. What is e equal to e naught minus of e s minus of e I. So, what I have done", "fshn05VtVDA-00190-00147675-00148404": "is the following. From equation 6 and 7 just know we talk to about the equation 6 and 7.", "fshn05VtVDA-00191-00148404-00149000": "So, from equation 6 and 7 we found out what is the e I. Now, we know e I, now if you go", "fshn05VtVDA-00192-00149000-00149526": "to this equation 3. Now, you want to element this e here and equation", "fshn05VtVDA-00193-00149526-00150002": "1 can be written as e naught minus of e s minus of e I. What we have done is that, we", "fshn05VtVDA-00194-00150002-00150653": "have substituted in equation 1. The replace is e from equation 3 and then what you substituted", "fshn05VtVDA-00195-00150653-00151191": "for e I we already calculated and the whole thing simplifies. Simplifies very nice it,", "fshn05VtVDA-00196-00151191-00151834": "simplifies something like this. It simplify is as that it simplifies like this. So, that", "fshn05VtVDA-00197-00151834-00152367": "what we get is that, the e s that means, you can see here e s appears the everywhere e s appears.", "fshn05VtVDA-00198-00152367-00152723": "So, we can then to determine what we have", "fshn05VtVDA-00199-00152723-00153367": "done is that, we have determine, what is the amount of e s complex that exist in the process", "fshn05VtVDA-00200-00153367-00153892": "in the presence of inhibiter. So, you can see here, this equation 9 I call this equation", "fshn05VtVDA-00201-00153892-00154589": "9. We find that equation 9 tells us quantitatively. How the quantities v s complex is related", "fshn05VtVDA-00202-00154589-00155150": "to system parameters. So, that is has be done. So, we are able to determine from equation", "fshn05VtVDA-00203-00155150-00155360": "1, 2 up to 9.", "fshn05VtVDA-00204-00155360-00156000": "That e s complex, in the case of competitive this kind of competitive inhibition is given", "fshn05VtVDA-00205-00156000-00156748": "by this expression. Notice here, that in this expression it involves i the co amount of", "fshn05VtVDA-00206-00156748-00157311": "inhibiter your added. And also involves k i the ionization constant for the inhibiter.", "fshn05VtVDA-00207-00157311-00157921": "How did define ionization constant? We define ionization constant k minus 2 by k 2. What", "fshn05VtVDA-00208-00157921-00158687": "is k minus 2 1 k 2, this is k minus 2, this is the ionization of E I is called minus 2.", "fshn05VtVDA-00209-00158687-00159304": "And that reaction e plus I is called k 2. So, ionization constant is k minus 2 by k 2.", "fshn05VtVDA-00210-00159304-00159890": "And with that simplification with that formulation with that, define that the e s", "fshn05VtVDA-00211-00159890-00160441": "complex can be given by this expression. Now, this is from elementary algebra involved.", "fshn05VtVDA-00212-00160441-00160996": "So, I could up for derived within, but I thought it is not necessary. So, elementary that ideal", "fshn05VtVDA-00213-00160996-00161544": "thing is important spend time on this. So, I have got the e s complex here. And then", "fshn05VtVDA-00214-00161544-00162539": "r p is defined as k 3 times. What is r p rate of formation k is it given as k 3 times e s.", "fshn05VtVDA-00215-00162539-00162883": "So, e s is given by this. Therefore, the rate", "fshn05VtVDA-00216-00162883-00163770": "at which the enzyme reaction, which occur given by this expression. What we have got", "fshn05VtVDA-00217-00163770-00164562": "here is the rate of formation of product is given by this expression. Now, what we have", "fshn05VtVDA-00218-00164562-00165377": "I got here this k 3 e naught is represented as V M. And then, this term k 1, k minus 1", "fshn05VtVDA-00219-00165377-00166117": "by k 3 by k 1 is denoted as K M, this is K M, this is denoted as K M. So, the rate of", "fshn05VtVDA-00220-00166117-00166896": "formation of product is given as V M as divided by s plus K M multiplied by a term, which", "fshn05VtVDA-00221-00166896-00167421": "is determined by the inhibiter. Let us, just go through this once second.", "fshn05VtVDA-00222-00167421-00167990": "Just for the sake of understanding the basic approach of determine the chemical kinetics.", "fshn05VtVDA-00223-00167990-00168702": "Let me do this once again. Just to emphasis to you this is vary the elementary does nothing", "fshn05VtVDA-00224-00168702-00169144": "much the very elementary algebra is involved, at did not do it, because it is not necessarily.", "fshn05VtVDA-00225-00169144-00169639": "What it we do, we said this is the case of competitive inhibition. What is competitive inhibition?", "fshn05VtVDA-00226-00169639-00169996": "Competitive inhibition is an instance, where", "fshn05VtVDA-00227-00169996-00170580": "the inhibiter attaches itself to the enzyme, so blocking some of the active sites. Because,", "fshn05VtVDA-00228-00170580-00171172": "it block some other active sites the amount of e s complex that is formed is less than", "fshn05VtVDA-00229-00171172-00171698": "in the case, where there is no inhibiter. Now, what I have we done, we have written", "fshn05VtVDA-00230-00171698-00172307": "the rate of formation of e s complex e I complex and the material balance for the enzyme. We", "fshn05VtVDA-00231-00172307-00172916": "also write the rate of formation substrate and rate of formation for the block.", "fshn05VtVDA-00232-00172916-00173483": "We said, under the quasis steady state approximation where e s is 0. We can show I am not shown", "fshn05VtVDA-00233-00173483-00174203": "this very elementary that r p equal to minus of r s. On other words, whatever product,", "fshn05VtVDA-00234-00174203-00174865": "whatever substrate is consumed that may products is formed under the quasis studied state approximation.", "fshn05VtVDA-00235-00174865-00175345": "You also said at this approximation is valid, if e naught by s naught is small that means,", "fshn05VtVDA-00236-00175345-00175965": "the amount of enzyme to the amount of substrate is small. Now, having set this, we said that", "fshn05VtVDA-00237-00175965-00176672": "we can now by looking at reactions 2 and 3. We can makes some rearrangements and find", "fshn05VtVDA-00238-00176672-00177216": "out what is the amount of e I complex that is formed. When we said, that the amount of", "fshn05VtVDA-00239-00177216-00177764": "e I complex that is formed can be shown to be equal to equation 8. It is something vary", "fshn05VtVDA-00240-00177764-00178365": "elementary. Now, when we said that it is now possible to the eliminate this equation 1,", "fshn05VtVDA-00241-00178365-00178841": "we can be replaced as e naught minus of e s minus of e I. Therefore, you can substituted", "fshn05VtVDA-00242-00178841-00179198": "for e is replaced by e naught minus of e s minus of e I.", "fshn05VtVDA-00243-00179198-00179846": "Then both e I can be given in terms of e s. Therefore, we can get and equation for e s", "fshn05VtVDA-00244-00179846-00180391": "that is what we taken. It said, now e s can be said to be equal to v calculate at that", "fshn05VtVDA-00245-00180391-00180877": "e s can be given by this representation. Now, we know that the rate of formation of product", "fshn05VtVDA-00246-00180877-00181592": "is k 3 times e s. Therefore, we got r p if rate of formation of product under the conditions", "fshn05VtVDA-00247-00181592-00182428": "of sub competitive inhibition is given by this expression. Notice here, the form of", "fshn05VtVDA-00248-00182428-00183042": "this is very, very similar to the Mycale mental. Mycale mental is what? Mycale is mental equation", "fshn05VtVDA-00249-00183042-00183702": "is r p equal to V M s by s plus K M. Instead here, instead of K M it did the multiplied", "fshn05VtVDA-00250-00183702-00184604": "by term 1 plus I by k i. On other words, what happens here is that in competitive inhibition.", "fshn05VtVDA-00251-00184604-00185259": "The K M value or absorb value of K M is higher than you would have got in when you had no inhibition.", "fshn05VtVDA-00252-00185259-00185689": "So, that is the only point that you should the apply essentially, what it", "fshn05VtVDA-00253-00185689-00186241": "means under competitive inhibition that K M becomes higher than in the previous case", "fshn05VtVDA-00254-00186241-00186413": "with there is no competitive inhibition.", "fshn05VtVDA-00255-00186413-00186930": "We can understand this is another way, which is the way in which is available the literature", "fshn05VtVDA-00256-00186930-00187471": "this is called as the line weaver Burk plot. What is called this 1 by r p were it is called", "fshn05VtVDA-00257-00187471-00188895": "line weaver Burk plot also called as L B plotted. In L B plot, if you plot 1 by r p versus 1", "fshn05VtVDA-00258-00188895-00189538": "by s will be out r 1 by r p that is what I have done here. In notice here that, it is", "fshn05VtVDA-00259-00189538-00189919": "called the same intercept as before, but this slope is higher.", "fshn05VtVDA-00260-00189919-00190449": "Showing that, the K M value that we will get under competitive inhibition is higher than", "fshn05VtVDA-00261-00190449-00190805": "what you would get, when there is in no competitive inhibition.", "fshn05VtVDA-00262-00190805-00191807": "So, when we make a plot of 1 by r p versus 1 by s, you get a higher previously you had", "fshn05VtVDA-00263-00191807-00192464": "this, then there was in no inhibiter, no inhibiter. When there is inhibiter the slope becomes", "fshn05VtVDA-00264-00192464-00193162": "K M by V M times this whole thing. Showing all that is being said, then there is a competitive", "fshn05VtVDA-00265-00193162-00193846": "inhibition the K M by in the line weaver Burk plot, you will find that the slopes are higher", "fshn05VtVDA-00266-00193846-00194313": "than what we go before. And that that represents the effect of the inhibiter.", "fshn05VtVDA-00267-00194313-00194899": "Suppose, you have to find out these numbers in an experiment, what you will do is that.", "fshn05VtVDA-00268-00194899-00195349": "You will do an experiment without inhibiter. You will do an experiment with inhibiter.", "fshn05VtVDA-00269-00195349-00195996": "So, that by some these two you can find out V M, this is V M. This gives you K M and this", "fshn05VtVDA-00270-00195996-00196682": "gives you k I. When we do our experiment with inhibiter without inhibiter, without inhibiter", "fshn05VtVDA-00271-00196682-00197165": "you would k M and V M. When you put the inhibiter, since you know the concentration inhibiter", "fshn05VtVDA-00272-00197165-00197572": "you will know k I. So, in it about two experiment to able to", "fshn05VtVDA-00273-00197572-00198464": "get the values of K M, V M and k I Now, there are many types of inhibitions that of described", "fshn05VtVDA-00274-00198464-00198619": "in a literature.", "fshn05VtVDA-00275-00198619-00200061": "I will quickly set out the other types of inhibition E S, I plus E S we said I E S.", "fshn05VtVDA-00276-00200061-00201334": "E S giving you product plus enzyme. Now, please compare this with this is E plus S is E S,", "fshn05VtVDA-00277-00201334-00202551": "E plus I is E I and then E S giving you product. Now, this is what is called as this is competitive.", "fshn05VtVDA-00278-00202551-00203364": "This is called uncompetitive. What is the difference between these two? In competitive", "fshn05VtVDA-00279-00203364-00204253": "inhibition the enzyme active sites this inhibiter goes and sits. But, in uncompetitive inhibition", "fshn05VtVDA-00280-00204253-00204804": "the inhibiter sits on the E S complex. You can see here now. So, it depending upon", "fshn05VtVDA-00281-00204804-00205344": "the way it actually, you can show I will write only the final form. Because, it mean in just", "fshn05VtVDA-00282-00205344-00206458": "form this how will get.", "fshn05VtVDA-00283-00206458-00207073": "Please notice here in the competitive inhibition the K M gets multiplied by this term 1 plus", "fshn05VtVDA-00284-00207073-00207627": "I by k i. In uncompetitive the inhibition the s term in that denominator gets multiplied", "fshn05VtVDA-00285-00207627-00208175": "by the term. So, this is the, you can by looking at so in the line weaver Burk plot.", "fshn05VtVDA-00286-00208175-00209241": "If you make a plot of this r p equal to V M S divided by K M plus s multiplied by 1", "fshn05VtVDA-00287-00209241-00210894": "plus i by k i. So, when we do 1 by r p, becomes 1 by what it is K M by V M s plus what 1 by", "fshn05VtVDA-00288-00210894-00212181": "V M multiplied by 1 plus I by k i. So, in this plot here without so you have slope is", "fshn05VtVDA-00289-00212181-00213469": "the same correct. So, intercept is higher. So, I should plot it here I think.", "fshn05VtVDA-00290-00213469-00214117": "Is it ok now,, so you have a higher intercept, the intercept is previously it was now it", "fshn05VtVDA-00291-00214117-00215042": "is intercept becomes larger. It is a larger intercept for 1 plus i by k i times V M. So,", "fshn05VtVDA-00292-00215042-00215623": "this is the intercept. So, in this case we have a larger intercept same slope while in", "fshn05VtVDA-00293-00215623-00216629": "the previous case we had same intercept to higher slope. See, this is competitive correct", "fshn05VtVDA-00294-00216629-00217544": "this is competitive yes or no, this is competitive inhibition where the slope is competitive", "fshn05VtVDA-00295-00217544-00217917": "inhibition you have same intercept, but higher slope.", "fshn05VtVDA-00296-00217917-00218500": "Now, in uncompetitive inhibition, where are we?", "fshn05VtVDA-00297-00218500-00219226": "This is the uncompetitive inhibition here, you have same slope. But, higher intercept.", "fshn05VtVDA-00298-00219226-00220713": "So, same slope, slope is K M by V M, this is K M. So, it this uncompetitive slope is", "fshn05VtVDA-00299-00220713-00221414": "the same, but intercept is higher. Now, there is one more form which is also seen in the", "fshn05VtVDA-00300-00221414-00222686": "literature let me quickly write this.", "fshn05VtVDA-00301-00222686-00224596": "So, here is an instance, here is an instance where enzyme combines which substrate.", "fshn05VtVDA-00302-00224596-00225321": "So, combines of I to form I E complex combines with s to form I E S complex can combines", "fshn05VtVDA-00303-00225321-00226469": "with s to form E S complex combine the I E S complex. So, here it is an instance, where", "fshn05VtVDA-00304-00226469-00227242": "you have E plus I giving I E competitive, then I E S uncompetitive in here it the other", "fshn05VtVDA-00305-00227242-00227732": "way E S and then. So, it is a combination evolve this. So, when you go through this", "fshn05VtVDA-00306-00227732-00228531": "sentence put this quasis studied state approximation. You have r p comes something like this V M,", "fshn05VtVDA-00307-00228531-00230283": "I want derive this it is a little missing it can do it yourself. So, when you so you", "fshn05VtVDA-00308-00230283-00231040": "can see here, V M s in that denominator now. the I plus k i multiplies both s as well as k M.", "fshn05VtVDA-00309-00231082-00232019": "So, when we do this line weaver Burk plot it may plot it here, 1 by s were 1 by r p.", "fshn05VtVDA-00310-00232019-00233319": "So, you have this is no inhibiter. So, this is V M, 1 by V M. And this is K M by V M.", "fshn05VtVDA-00311-00233319-00234459": "Now, when you have this kind of inhibition you will get a slope am drawing it like this.", "fshn05VtVDA-00312-00234459-00236444": "So, this is a slope here is K M by V M multiplied by 1 plus I by k i. And this intercept is", "fshn05VtVDA-00313-00236444-00237942": "1 by V M multiplied by 1 plus I by k i. So, we have for 1, 2, 3, 4 types of a enzyme modules", "fshn05VtVDA-00314-00237942-00238351": "will do one by one. This is an instance here when there is no inhibiter.", "fshn05VtVDA-00315-00238351-00238851": "This is an instance, where there is an inhibiter competitive inhibition. Here", "fshn05VtVDA-00316-00238851-00239667": "this uncompetitive inhibition. So, the nomenclature is a little I am not convincing, but what", "fshn05VtVDA-00317-00239667-00240409": "is important to recognize is that this is competitive. Is here r e i equal to 0, r i", "fshn05VtVDA-00318-00240409-00241189": "e s equal to 0. And then r e s equal to 0. These are the assumption and that is 1 more", "fshn05VtVDA-00319-00241189-00241513": "assumption, which is implied here, which is done in the enzyme literature.", "fshn05VtVDA-00320-00241513-00242289": "That is the ionization constant for inhibiter attaching to I E complex and attaching to", "fshn05VtVDA-00321-00242289-00242952": "I E S complex as long as inhibiter attaching that in a ionization constant does not change.", "fshn05VtVDA-00322-00242952-00243371": "Now, this is assumption is made that means, I is attaching to E I whether it attaching", "fshn05VtVDA-00323-00243371-00243954": "it E S or on E I it does not matter. Because, the sites of the set. Let us, how those they", "fshn05VtVDA-00324-00243954-00244426": "assume that kind of inhibition constants. So, you can do this yourself it is not very complicated.", "fshn05VtVDA-00325-00244426-00244680": "So, what I want to summarize here is that", "fshn05VtVDA-00326-00244680-00245340": "to form of this function, when you do it on the line weaver Burk plot you get us a straight", "fshn05VtVDA-00327-00245340-00245904": "line from where you can get your inhibition constants. So, only thing is that, this use", "fshn05VtVDA-00328-00245904-00246380": "should be use it as the initial approximation for an non-linear search. That is up. Do not", "fshn05VtVDA-00329-00246380-00247021": "use this directly for your estimation, because they have lot of errors associated with it.", "fshn05VtVDA-00330-00247021-00247491": "Now, the important thing that we should know is,", "fshn05VtVDA-00331-00247491-00249294": "What happens in enzymes systems is the following typically, what happens is you get this E S. And now", "fshn05VtVDA-00332-00249294-00250501": "frequently this substrate goes and binds. So, that you are E S complex gives you P plus E. Now, this", "fshn05VtVDA-00333-00250501-00251166": "is an instance of your substrate itself blocking the reactive sites. So, that the rate at which", "fshn05VtVDA-00334-00251166-00251696": "reaction now takes place is affected by the fact that s is blocking the S E S complex.", "fshn05VtVDA-00335-00251696-00252207": "Now, this is not uncommon see for example, what happens is that in commercial process,", "fshn05VtVDA-00336-00252207-00252458": "where we tent to use the large quantity of substrate.", "fshn05VtVDA-00337-00252458-00253040": "Because, we want to process in large quantities, then that is when this seems to happen that", "fshn05VtVDA-00338-00253040-00253731": "s goes in blocks the enzyme. Now, we want to quickly derive this, because it gives some", "fshn05VtVDA-00339-00253731-00254548": "interesting relationships. So, let me write this e naught equal to e plus e s plus s e", "fshn05VtVDA-00340-00254548-00256211": "s. Then you have r e s equal to k 1 e times s minus of k minus 1 e s plus k plus minus", "fshn05VtVDA-00341-00256211-00257306": "2 k minus 2 e s. Please tell me, this is let me put all the nomenclature 1 minus 1, 2 minus", "fshn05VtVDA-00342-00257306-00258852": "2 and 3, so e s k 1 e s minus k 3 e s. That this correct, k 1 e s, k minus 1 e s,", "fshn05VtVDA-00343-00258852-00260109": "k minus 2, I have to write that also minus k 2, that I have to write. is it ok now. So,", "fshn05VtVDA-00344-00260109-00261357": "then r s e s equal to k 2 e s times s minus of k minus 2 s e s.", "fshn05VtVDA-00345-00261357-00262794": "K 1 just let me go through k 1, k minus 1, k in to s e s this is ok. Now, this goes to", "fshn05VtVDA-00346-00262794-00263631": "0, this goes to 0. So, when you set up all the equations this is not all this little", "fshn05VtVDA-00347-00263631-00264068": "bit miss here I will write the final form looks like this.", "fshn05VtVDA-00348-00264068-00265477": "r p when you calculate, it looks like k 3 e naught k 1 s divided by k 1 s plus k minus", "fshn05VtVDA-00349-00265477-00266746": "1 plus k 3 divided by k 1. And then k 1 k 2 s squared divided by k minus 2 k 1 simplifies", "fshn05VtVDA-00350-00266746-00268008": "finally the simplifies as r p equal to k 3 e naught s divided by s plus k minus 1 plus", "fshn05VtVDA-00351-00268008-00269119": "k 3 divided by k 1. And then k 2 s squared divided by k minus 2. This it is sort of look", "fshn05VtVDA-00352-00269119-00269829": "like this. And in the literature this term comes s squared.", "fshn05VtVDA-00353-00269829-00270842": "I am not it is not there. Because, I have put k 1 at the top. Now, when I divide throughout", "fshn05VtVDA-00354-00270842-00271588": "by k 1. I knock out is this, knock out this then I will put k 1 here. So, this is what", "fshn05VtVDA-00355-00271588-00272377": "I will remove this. This how it is done in the literature, so this term is called. So,", "fshn05VtVDA-00356-00272377-00273275": "it becomes k 2 by k minus 2. So, now let me write it in the form in which available in", "fshn05VtVDA-00357-00273275-00273349": "the literature", "fshn05VtVDA-00358-00273349-00274873": "R p is available like this V M s divided by s plus k 2 plus s squared by k 1. Why k 1", "fshn05VtVDA-00359-00274873-00276132": "is k minus what is k 1, k minus 2 by small k 2 cut. So, and this term k minus 1 ok, k", "fshn05VtVDA-00360-00276132-00277598": "1 is ok. And then other 1 is k 2 is k minus 1 plus k 3 divided by k 1. This how the available", "fshn05VtVDA-00361-00277598-00278479": "in the literature. Now, the reason why I am doing this is the following. This is an instance", "fshn05VtVDA-00362-00278479-00279654": "of the rate function going throughout maxima. You will find frequently in the enzyme literature,", "fshn05VtVDA-00363-00279654-00280252": "that the rate function actually, goes through a maxima. And this is how it is explain in", "fshn05VtVDA-00364-00280252-00280942": "the literature the maxima is because the plus substrate inhibits the enzyme complex. And", "fshn05VtVDA-00365-00280942-00281475": "this kind of model applies and that is why, this kind of functionality see. Now, if I", "fshn05VtVDA-00366-00281475-00282333": "ask you know, what is the if it do d r p by d s equal to 0. Can you quickly do this for", "fshn05VtVDA-00367-00282333-00283056": "me, on this r p V M s by s plus k 2, s squared by k 1, what is d r p by d s?", "fshn05VtVDA-00368-00283056-00284917": "If you put d r p by d s equal to 0. I get this happens only 1 s optimum, becomes equal to k 1.", "fshn05VtVDA-00369-00284917-00285582": "This is an interestingresult in enzyme literature, that this whenever we have substrate inhibition, that", "fshn05VtVDA-00370-00285582-00286291": "the highest rate you obtain when the value of s substrate that we use e square root of k 1 k 2. This", "fshn05VtVDA-00371-00286291-00286943": "is an interesting result. But, k 1 and k 2 are the 2 into constants of the model. And", "fshn05VtVDA-00372-00286943-00287318": "square root of k 1, k 2 is the best value at which we should operator.", "fshn05VtVDA-00373-00287318-00288695": "See, the reason for doing this is the following. So, what happens is an enzyme terms to ionize", "fshn05VtVDA-00374-00288695-00289855": "like this. Please recognize this using by this particularly model of enzyme reaction", "fshn05VtVDA-00375-00289855-00290630": "as become very interesting is, because enzyme tends to ionize in this form. And the e minus", "fshn05VtVDA-00376-00290630-00291172": "is the active form of the enzyme. On other words, if you put in so much of enzyme it", "fshn05VtVDA-00377-00291172-00291674": "is this fraction that seems to be active as for as the enzyme reaction is concerned.", "fshn05VtVDA-00378-00291674-00292699": "Now, let me write what is k 1? k 1 is e minus H plus divided by e. And k 2 this first reaction", "fshn05VtVDA-00379-00292699-00294053": "second reaction is e minus 2 H plus divided by e minus 1 and H plus. So, what is k 1 and", "fshn05VtVDA-00380-00294053-00294548": "what is k 2. k 1 and k 2 are the ionization constant first ionization, second ionization", "fshn05VtVDA-00381-00294548-00295145": "of the enzyme. See, enzymes of the active sites of the ionize and it is this which seems", "fshn05VtVDA-00382-00295145-00295733": "to be the active form of the enzyme. And, but it ionizes further this an inactive form.", "fshn05VtVDA-00383-00295733-00296141": "So, what is the active form of the enzyme, if you want calculate using the values of", "fshn05VtVDA-00384-00296141-00296742": "k 1 and k 2. So, you want to find out, what is e naught minus by e naught. Let me, what", "fshn05VtVDA-00385-00296742-00297049": "is e minus by e naught. Let me, quickly calculate that.", "fshn05VtVDA-00386-00297049-00297831": "So, total enzyme e naught equal to e plus e minus plus e minus 2. So, e naught equal", "fshn05VtVDA-00387-00297831-00299384": "to from here, what is e equal to e minus H plus divided by k 1 that is the first term", "fshn05VtVDA-00388-00299384-00300278": "e equal to e minus H plus by k 1. The second term I retained like that e minus. Third term", "fshn05VtVDA-00389-00300278-00300831": "e minus 2 is what k 2 e minus H is correct what I have written.", "fshn05VtVDA-00390-00300831-00301880": "So, it will be squared here. So, what are become e minus 2, e minus 2 becomes", "fshn05VtVDA-00391-00301880-00303294": "k 2 e minus, e minus h plus. So, you have e minus within brackets H plus by k 1 plus", "fshn05VtVDA-00392-00303294-00304542": "1 plus k 2 by H plus equal to e naught, e H plus by k 1 plus 1 k 2 by H plus equal to e naught.", "fshn05VtVDA-00393-00304601-00306111": "E minus by e naught equal to 1 divided by 1 plus H plus by k 1 plus k 2 by H plus. Let", "fshn05VtVDA-00394-00306111-00307192": "us, just see the form in which we had the previous. See, if we just look at this If", "fshn05VtVDA-00395-00307192-00308118": "I just divide by so I just divide by s here. So, you can see here 1 plus that forms of", "fshn05VtVDA-00396-00308118-00309056": "identical H plus by k 1. You can see at s by k 1. And then, k 2 by H plus k 2 by s.", "fshn05VtVDA-00397-00309056-00309728": "So, the form of the substrate inhibition that we said for enzyme kinetics.", "fshn05VtVDA-00398-00309728-00310370": "And the way in which the hydrogen ion affects the e minus on the active form the enzyme", "fshn05VtVDA-00399-00310370-00311205": "the form in identical. Showing that h plus actually serves as the way of inhibiting the", "fshn05VtVDA-00400-00311205-00311879": "enzyme kinetics. On other words, what we are saying is that in enzyme kinetics choice of", "fshn05VtVDA-00401-00311879-00312447": "hydrogen ion concentration is crucial. So, if we choosing properly then we get very high", "fshn05VtVDA-00402-00312447-00313167": "activity. If we do not, you do not good activity. And what is the best choice p H. What is the", "fshn05VtVDA-00403-00313167-00313685": "highest value of e minus by e plus. You will find that the optimal e minus by", "fshn05VtVDA-00404-00313685-00314576": "e naught. You will get when we choose H plus equal to root of k 1, k 2. So, this is the", "fshn05VtVDA-00405-00314576-00315423": "best p H of operation of an enzyme reaction is the root of k 1 plus k 2. So, this is the", "fshn05VtVDA-00406-00315423-00316069": "most important message that we want to carry home from the enzyme literature. Now, with", "fshn05VtVDA-00407-00316069-00316476": "this backround in enzymes. So, what just we quickly summarize.", "fshn05VtVDA-00408-00316476-00317393": "What we are saying is that, the rate of enzyme reaction is this. Now, we are saying that", "fshn05VtVDA-00409-00317393-00318363": "choice of H plus gives you a proper reaction rate. And then, the effect of H plus can be", "fshn05VtVDA-00410-00318363-00318968": "accounted for by a form of this types, where the active form of the enzyme is given by", "fshn05VtVDA-00411-00318968-00319559": "this relationship. So, that if we choose express thus you good very good reaction rates. Now,", "fshn05VtVDA-00412-00319559-00320330": "what is V M? We said V M is k 2 times e naught. That is what is a V M. So, our model is E", "fshn05VtVDA-00413-00320330-00320898": "plus S is E S. And then E S giving you product plus enzyme.", "fshn05VtVDA-00414-00320898-00321621": "And this is k 2. And V M is k 2 times e naught, that also we said. Now, this e naught is not", "fshn05VtVDA-00415-00321621-00322053": "what is the active, what is the active is travois only this. So, to that the extent", "fshn05VtVDA-00416-00322053-00323026": "effect of p H 1 come into play. That means, in which in that e naught is the, at the working", "fshn05VtVDA-00417-00323026-00323473": "for us, but what works for you is only e minus. And therefore, the effect of e minus by e", "fshn05VtVDA-00418-00323473-00324044": "naught will actually appear here. So, in here it says k 2 times e naught. But, actually", "fshn05VtVDA-00419-00324044-00324599": "it is k 2 times, e minus e naught. So, e minus that effect will come in the reaction.", "fshn05VtVDA-00420-00324599-00325233": "On other words, V M that you will absorb will be slightly less. Because, of the fact that", "fshn05VtVDA-00421-00325233-00326050": "the effect of p H on the enzyme, because of this relationship. Once second, what we are", "fshn05VtVDA-00422-00326050-00326874": "saying is the rate of enzyme reaction is V M must be k plus s. So, we find in many cases", "fshn05VtVDA-00423-00326874-00327342": "the choice of p H is crucial to the rate of chemical reaction.", "fshn05VtVDA-00424-00327342-00327759": "What is the best choice, best choice comes from understanding that e minus, which is", "fshn05VtVDA-00425-00327759-00328352": "the active form of the enzyme is affecting the reaction ate by this relationship. The", "fshn05VtVDA-00426-00328352-00328917": "best a choice of p H is given by H plus equal to root of k 1 plus k 2. But, whatever that", "fshn05VtVDA-00427-00328917-00329525": "p H e minus by e naught is given by this relationship. Therefore, the V M value that is the appropriate", "fshn05VtVDA-00428-00329525-00330109": "you have reaction is given by not k 2 by e naught. But, k 2 e naught multiplied by y,", "fshn05VtVDA-00429-00330109-00330790": "where y is e minus by e naught. And this y takes the best value when we choose", "fshn05VtVDA-00430-00330790-00331800": "p H as root of k 1 plus k 2. What we are now saying is that, this whole thing is analogues", "fshn05VtVDA-00431-00331800-00332448": "two substrate kind of inhibition. Because, it is substrate inhibition with uses this", "fshn05VtVDA-00432-00332448-00332579": "kind of relationship.", "fshn05VtVDA-00433-00332579-00333408": "In a having set this, suppose we have a microbial reaction. We have done in this enzyme reaction.", "fshn05VtVDA-00434-00333408-00334032": "Because, we really want to see how must we can go forward and understand microbial reactions.", "fshn05VtVDA-00435-00334032-00334706": "See, microbial reactions the rate at which the micro organism will were is frequently", "fshn05VtVDA-00436-00334706-00336131": "given in this form where mu is specific growth ret. And this mu is often written in this", "fshn05VtVDA-00437-00336131-00337117": "form. Notice this is the same form in which Mycale is mental as written. V M is maximum", "fshn05VtVDA-00438-00337117-00337767": "velocity, K M Mycale is constant. Here it is mu m by k s plus s. The reason", "fshn05VtVDA-00439-00337767-00338372": "for doing this is because microbial reactions are also regulated by enzymes. Therefore,", "fshn05VtVDA-00440-00338372-00338923": "we think the form will not be different. Whatever, form enzyme gives same kind of form it will", "fshn05VtVDA-00441-00338923-00339596": "expect in micro will reaction all of it. What is mu m, mu m is called the maximum velocity,", "fshn05VtVDA-00442-00339596-00341108": "k is called Monod constant. So, k s is called as Monod constant. Mu m is maximum growth ret.", "fshn05VtVDA-00443-00341108-00342210": "In enzyme literature V M is called as maximum velocity k M is called as Mycale is constant.", "fshn05VtVDA-00444-00342210-00342643": "In a microbial reactions we call it as mu", "fshn05VtVDA-00445-00342643-00343397": "m maximum growth ret and k s as Monod constant, it is very analogues.", "fshn05VtVDA-00446-00343397-00344246": "Now, if you conducting this reaction let us say, we write v times d x times d t is a r", "fshn05VtVDA-00447-00344246-00344870": "x in a batch vessel let us say, in a batch vessel. And then, we have v times some in", "fshn05VtVDA-00448-00344870-00346041": "a d x d t is r s. Therefore, we should have d x to d s r x divided by r s. What is the", "fshn05VtVDA-00449-00346041-00347542": "r x, ret of growth of cell mass, the rate of substrate consumption. Therefore, now this", "fshn05VtVDA-00450-00347542-00348299": "ratio r x to r s what meaning can be give r x to r s. In the literature they give it", "fshn05VtVDA-00451-00348299-00348821": "a meaning of yield coefficient. This ratio is called as yield co efficient.", "fshn05VtVDA-00452-00348821-00349350": "That means, whatever is the substrate that is consume, how much of that substrate goes", "fshn05VtVDA-00453-00349350-00349926": "towards growth of cells. If we have spending you are a substrate and growing this cells", "fshn05VtVDA-00454-00349926-00350710": "this ratio is what is the yield co efficient. Now, x is growing s getting consumed therefore,", "fshn05VtVDA-00455-00350710-00351422": "we put an negative sign other word. Because, x is growth x is consumption. Now, you can", "fshn05VtVDA-00456-00351422-00352093": "integrate you can integrate this I will write here. So, it becomes x minus of x i equal", "fshn05VtVDA-00457-00352093-00352810": "to y times s i minus of s. I will write it big in it where it cannot see properly.", "fshn05VtVDA-00458-00352810-00353929": "I write it again. So, d x d s equal to r x by r s integrating this, you get x minus of", "fshn05VtVDA-00459-00353929-00355485": "x i equal to y times s i minus of s. Yes or no, I put a minus y here. So, let we can this.", "fshn05VtVDA-00460-00355485-00356320": "At now, let us go back to this equation r x times v. So, we want integrate this equation.", "fshn05VtVDA-00461-00356320-00356542": "We want to integrate this.", "fshn05VtVDA-00462-00356542-00357748": "So, d x d t is r x, this r x we said is mu times x. Now, mu we said this is grams per", "fshn05VtVDA-00463-00357748-00358510": "litre per time second, this is also grams per litre per second. It is squared alright.", "fshn05VtVDA-00464-00358510-00359523": "Now, it is mu m s divided by k s plus s. Now, r x we said in enzyme literature to microbial", "fshn05VtVDA-00465-00359523-00359871": "literature, what we are saying is that the rate at which the cells are growing is given", "fshn05VtVDA-00466-00359871-00360598": "by this representation. The rate at which cells are growing ret mu specific growth ret", "fshn05VtVDA-00467-00360598-00361113": "multiplied by this cell concentration. This specific growth ret this depends upon", "fshn05VtVDA-00468-00361113-00361604": "the environment in the cell is growing. That environment is describe by this concentration", "fshn05VtVDA-00469-00361604-00362385": "s. mu s by k s plus s is the rate at which growing to which you multiplied by this cell", "fshn05VtVDA-00470-00362385-00363319": "concentration to give you. So, this is d x d t. Yes or no. Now, how do you know integrate", "fshn05VtVDA-00471-00363319-00363909": "this. I have to replace the x in terms of s. I have to replace s in terms of x, for", "fshn05VtVDA-00472-00363909-00364997": "which we have derive this relationship, where we said y is called the yield coefficient,", "fshn05VtVDA-00473-00364997-00365731": "this is yield coefficient. Now, this is yield coefficient ask you self,", "fshn05VtVDA-00474-00365731-00366524": "when is it that the consumption of substrate to growth of the cell. Why should it be constant,", "fshn05VtVDA-00475-00366524-00367178": "it is constant or it may not if you and I for example, beyond in a if we do not growing", "fshn05VtVDA-00476-00367178-00367679": "consumes substrate, but we do not growth correct. On other words, this ratio this depends upon", "fshn05VtVDA-00477-00367679-00368279": "the age of the cell. Therefore, it may be constant when may not be constant.", "fshn05VtVDA-00478-00368279-00368720": "So, the fact that we have assumed to be a constant implies that when we have apply this", "fshn05VtVDA-00479-00368720-00369319": "to a particular problem will have to see whether, to update this why as we do the integration,", "fshn05VtVDA-00480-00369319-00369802": "if you know the either cell. Otherwise, we use the mean value, so there it is the applies", "fshn05VtVDA-00481-00369802-00370489": "for the entire time duration for which do the integration. So, this number y is an experimental quantity.", "fshn05VtVDA-00482-00370489-00371020": "So, that would be available to you. Assuming that is the constant now we can.", "fshn05VtVDA-00483-00371020-00371531": "So, let us replace this y I will do it next one.", "fshn05VtVDA-00484-00371531-00372643": "So, you have d x d by d t of what is the x y times s i minus of s equal to mu m s divided", "fshn05VtVDA-00485-00372643-00374218": "by k s plus s. What is y, this is x i plus y times s i minus of s. So, left hand side", "fshn05VtVDA-00486-00374218-00375307": "becomes d s d t with the minus sign. Right hand side becomes mu m s by k s plus s. And", "fshn05VtVDA-00487-00375307-00376428": "this is x i plus y times s i minus of s. Now of course, this can be integrated in all that.", "fshn05VtVDA-00488-00376428-00376930": "So, I write the integrated form on waste time on this.", "fshn05VtVDA-00489-00376930-00379007": "Integrated form look like this x i y k s y s i l n x i y s i y s divided by x i equal", "fshn05VtVDA-00490-00379007-00380759": "to y k s l n s i by s equal to x I y s i mu m times t. This how the integrate form looks", "fshn05VtVDA-00491-00380759-00381811": "like fairly elementary integrations of. Now, the context is the following, if you a growing", "fshn05VtVDA-00492-00381811-00382309": "a cell, you start with certain value for x i; that means, you have a vessel in which", "fshn05VtVDA-00493-00382309-00383046": "you put your substrate. And you put your cell small amount of cell x i and cells starts", "fshn05VtVDA-00494-00383046-00384245": "growing. So, when the cell starts growing what you see is this. This how the experiment", "fshn05VtVDA-00495-00384245-00384935": "looks like this. This cell about what is called as batch growth", "fshn05VtVDA-00496-00384935-00385897": "curve generally, gives you 1, 2, 3 and 4 distinct regions. And region during which the growth", "fshn05VtVDA-00497-00385897-00386615": "is very small. This is what is called as the lag phase. What is the lag phase? It is the", "fshn05VtVDA-00498-00386615-00387315": "phase of growth of this cell during, which you do not see much change in this cell density.", "fshn05VtVDA-00499-00387315-00388016": "So, that is the period during, which the organisms present in your environment is trying to adjust", "fshn05VtVDA-00500-00388016-00388528": "itself to the environment of the growth. So, it takes to some time to understand the", "fshn05VtVDA-00501-00388528-00389118": "environment to adjust and to I am recognize and so on. Once it is an understood the environment", "fshn05VtVDA-00502-00389118-00389694": "start growing fairly rapidly. So, this is what is called as the exponential growth phase", "fshn05VtVDA-00503-00389694-00390794": "during which period the organisms grows fairly rapidly. You can see here in a this region,", "fshn05VtVDA-00504-00390794-00391696": "this slope is something like mu m grow is very rapidly. And after the point to find", "fshn05VtVDA-00505-00391696-00392272": "that the growth start to the slope down. Some way here the growth starts to slope down.", "fshn05VtVDA-00506-00392272-00392758": "How do we explain this slowing down on growth, people explain this slowing down of growth", "fshn05VtVDA-00507-00392758-00393271": "in various phase. Once simple explanation that this substrate and run out. There is", "fshn05VtVDA-00508-00393271-00394017": "not enough substrate and the result you are rate function here mu I am x by k s plus s", "fshn05VtVDA-00509-00394017-00394493": "is come down, the rate is come down. So, there various other explanations in the literature", "fshn05VtVDA-00510-00394493-00395000": "s very elementary kind of explanation is the substrate of as decreasing in therefore, you", "fshn05VtVDA-00511-00395000-00395413": "see a decreasing the rate at which the growth as taking place.", "fshn05VtVDA-00512-00395413-00396078": "And after a point, you find the there is no growth we see. And this is the explain by", "fshn05VtVDA-00513-00396078-00396828": "saying that this substrate is exhausted. There is no substrate on other words s is 0. Therefore,", "fshn05VtVDA-00514-00396828-00397576": "there is no growth. So, the a batch growth that you will see typically, has 1, 2 and", "fshn05VtVDA-00515-00397576-00398489": "3 phases, lag phase, exponential phase and the stationary phase. Let us, look at this", "fshn05VtVDA-00516-00398489-00398539": "once again.", "fshn05VtVDA-00517-00399645-00400830": "This is lag exponential. And then this is stationary. Now, if you go to an industry", "fshn05VtVDA-00518-00400830-00401305": "you will find that another phase, which seems to be have interesting to them, which is a", "fshn05VtVDA-00519-00401305-00402419": "phase what is called as death phase. Now, tell me when is it that a you know, the user", "fshn05VtVDA-00520-00402419-00403010": "is very you know to understand this phase of are the organism, which process of a process", "fshn05VtVDA-00521-00403010-00403751": "industry this phase of the organism of very great importance. You growing the organism", "fshn05VtVDA-00522-00403751-00404168": "exponential growth stationary phase. And then is the death phase. Now, if you go", "fshn05VtVDA-00523-00404168-00404585": "to penicillin factor for it for example, what are there in interest. There interest is to", "fshn05VtVDA-00524-00404585-00405172": "make as meant penicillin s as possible. Now, what do we start the start with the in areola.", "fshn05VtVDA-00525-00405172-00405802": "And make that organism to grow. After it grows and reaches sufficiently high density. What", "fshn05VtVDA-00526-00405802-00406280": "they would do is that, they would not provide a proper environment for it grow further,", "fshn05VtVDA-00527-00406280-00406656": "but produce penicillin. Let me, the conditions required to produce", "fshn05VtVDA-00528-00406656-00407152": "penicillin at different from condition required for growing the organism. So, appropriately", "fshn05VtVDA-00529-00407152-00407838": "they will provide the feet are the substrate, at a rate that it is sufficient for it to", "fshn05VtVDA-00530-00407838-00408565": "make penicillin only it will not grow further. This is that means, this phase of growth is", "fshn05VtVDA-00531-00408565-00409143": "useful for producing secondary metabolites. This phase is useful when we are trying to", "fshn05VtVDA-00532-00409143-00409627": "make the organism for sale. Say, bake or cease if you want to make. You want to be in this region.", "fshn05VtVDA-00533-00409627-00409796": "Because, you want to growth organism, because", "fshn05VtVDA-00534-00409796-00410242": "you want to the cell the organism. If want to make penicillin you want to organism as", "fshn05VtVDA-00535-00410242-00410753": "to be in this region. So, that little produce penicillin. Suppose, you are interest is actually", "fshn05VtVDA-00536-00410753-00411171": "to disinfect the process. See, suppose the entire process disinfection, disinfection", "fshn05VtVDA-00537-00411171-00411731": "is the huge activity in fermentation industry, it is in the water treatment in the industry.", "fshn05VtVDA-00538-00411731-00412254": "Then here you are looking at this phase, because you are trying to understand what is the condition", "fshn05VtVDA-00539-00412254-00412818": "required to kill the organism. So, the death phase is what a would be have great consent to you.", "fshn05VtVDA-00540-00412818-00413404": "On other words, what we are saying is that two biologist. The lag phase, the", "fshn05VtVDA-00541-00413404-00413829": "exponential phase, the stationary phase the tells we are important. Because, different", "fshn05VtVDA-00542-00413829-00414372": "process required different aspects of the growth to be of importance to him.", "fshn05VtVDA-00543-00414372-00415060": "Now, suppose instead of conducting this reaction in a batch equipment with s naught I conduct", "fshn05VtVDA-00544-00415060-00415631": "this reaction in a flow equipment. In the sense you make it flow in upwards on downwards", "fshn05VtVDA-00545-00415631-00416263": "as for as this form is concerned makes no difference. As long as, you know what is see", "fshn05VtVDA-00546-00416263-00416715": "this is the exercise initial cell concentration. Here, it will be initial cell may be x naught.", "fshn05VtVDA-00547-00416715-00417125": "Continuously, it is cells are coming in, continuously cells are going out.", "fshn05VtVDA-00548-00417125-00417575": "Or in a flow process it is a in what is called the tower fermentation for example, instead", "fshn05VtVDA-00549-00417575-00418017": "of batch fermentation. Continuous as cells are coming in cell of growing and you get", "fshn05VtVDA-00550-00418017-00418525": "products out cells out. So, you are substrate get consumed from s naught it get becomes", "fshn05VtVDA-00551-00418525-00419013": "s to the extend it just consume the product is produces. So, a slow process and batch", "fshn05VtVDA-00552-00419013-00419448": "process we know a equivalent, as only thing wherever t appears if pride residence time.", "fshn05VtVDA-00553-00419448-00419881": "Otherwise it is this is no difference, is at clear.", "fshn05VtVDA-00554-00419881-00420467": "So, as for as the growth process is concerned is governed by, you are Monod constant k s,", "fshn05VtVDA-00555-00420467-00421229": "you are the yield co efficient y. And you are maximum growth ret mu m k s and y are", "fshn05VtVDA-00556-00421229-00421789": "your growth parameters. But, there is one fundamental between batch and continuous in biology.", "fshn05VtVDA-00557-00421789-00422542": "In batch process what happens is that, the organisms get a lot of time to adjust", "fshn05VtVDA-00558-00422542-00423305": "to the environment. Why in flow process they do not get that kind of time. So, you will", "fshn05VtVDA-00559-00423305-00423778": "find biology flow process do not work as well as in batch process.", "fshn05VtVDA-00560-00423778-00424363": "So, this is the very fundamental difference. And therefore, the parameter that we have", "fshn05VtVDA-00561-00424363-00424959": "determining from batch process equipment may not generally applied to flow processes. What", "fshn05VtVDA-00562-00424959-00425585": "is mu m k s and y in a batch process. And the mu m k s and y in a continue may not the", "fshn05VtVDA-00563-00425585-00426213": "this same. Because, the fact that the organism do not like this kind of environment. They", "fshn05VtVDA-00564-00426213-00426697": "like to work in the an environment, which there I have adjusted. Now, there is an interesting", "fshn05VtVDA-00565-00426697-00426955": "feature that you will is not common.", "fshn05VtVDA-00566-00426955-00427796": "But, lot of literature that is available, see what see there is the great interest at", "fshn05VtVDA-00567-00427796-00428597": "particularly in fermentation industry to increase the through put. And I mean in these there", "fshn05VtVDA-00568-00428597-00429319": "for all of us you know, for given volume can be reproduced more. Now, what people have", "fshn05VtVDA-00569-00429319-00430059": "done is that they have created what is called as immobilized enzyme pellets, immobilized pellets.", "fshn05VtVDA-00570-00430059-00430760": "What are immobilized enzyme pellets, you take the is not immobilize microbial pellets.", "fshn05VtVDA-00571-00431068-00431610": "Now, this organism what they do we take it gel. And then immobilized the organism inside", "fshn05VtVDA-00572-00431610-00432182": "the gel, where it types of gel is available in which you can immobilize the organism.", "fshn05VtVDA-00573-00432182-00432646": "So, what is it that you have now instead of having micro organisms, which is suspended", "fshn05VtVDA-00574-00432646-00433259": "which is now immobilized inside the matrix like a heterogeneous catalyst. Something that", "fshn05VtVDA-00575-00433259-00433707": "we have seen is an industry is a heterogeneous catalyst. Now, you can put this immobilized", "fshn05VtVDA-00576-00433707-00434283": "catalyst in here. So, what is that contain, it contains your", "fshn05VtVDA-00577-00434283-00435089": "micro organism. Now, you have your substrate coming in, it may coming which some cells", "fshn05VtVDA-00578-00435089-00435942": "it may not come in made some cells. That is, but all these have got x i grams of cell inside.", "fshn05VtVDA-00579-00435942-00436768": "Now, as this substrate goes through what would happen, as substrate context this spell x", "fshn05VtVDA-00580-00436768-00437514": "this is get consumed. Yes or no. So, what is the concentration of cell at any point,", "fshn05VtVDA-00581-00437514-00438187": "it will be what we have put in, plus what comes in, plus what grows.", "fshn05VtVDA-00582-00438187-00439114": "Do we agree? x i is the cells that I have put inside this per unit volume. See what", "fshn05VtVDA-00583-00439114-00439806": "is called immobilized cell reactor, what we do is the take the organism and put it inside a pellet.", "fshn05VtVDA-00584-00439806-00440288": "Now, what you have is something like a heterogeneous catalyst. You can pack", "fshn05VtVDA-00585-00440288-00441064": "up you are reactor with these catalyst. Now, you are substrate is coming in s naught it", "fshn05VtVDA-00586-00441064-00441562": "may also bring some cells, it may, it may not on the other. But, if we look at any cross", "fshn05VtVDA-00587-00441562-00442206": "section of the reactor you have x i grams per liter of immobilized cells.", "fshn05VtVDA-00588-00442206-00442832": "You had x naught coming in plus, so much is growing. Because, if fact that the s naught", "fshn05VtVDA-00589-00442832-00443422": "become has become s. On other words, that every cross section of the equipment the concentration", "fshn05VtVDA-00590-00443422-00443952": "of cells is x i plus x naught plus what has grown, because of the reaction.", "fshn05VtVDA-00591-00443952-00445800": "Therefore, in our equation here d x d v equal to r x. What is this r x, mu times x, this", "fshn05VtVDA-00592-00445800-00446908": "x previously now it is become, do see this point I am come m come. Do you agree with", "fshn05VtVDA-00593-00447292-00448221": "this? The right hand side, this is mu x previously, now that x is has all these extra features", "fshn05VtVDA-00594-00448221-00448940": "coming in. Yes or no? I am talk about the continuous process say,", "fshn05VtVDA-00595-00448940-00450557": "it is the plug flow vessels I say, it is the continues process. Now, what is this mu? Yes", "fshn05VtVDA-00596-00450557-00451582": "or no, What is this v, it is the volume, when we did not have this immobilize cells here.", "fshn05VtVDA-00597-00451582-00452063": "The liquid as to going write through, therefore the volume that is the available for reaction", "fshn05VtVDA-00598-00452063-00452555": "if it is v previously, now it is the occupied certain amount of spaces loss, because of this.", "fshn05VtVDA-00599-00452555-00452989": "Therefore, the actual liquid volume now previously,", "fshn05VtVDA-00600-00452989-00453710": "it was fully now it is v times 1 minus epsilon g times epsilon l, where epsilon g is the", "fshn05VtVDA-00601-00453710-00454192": "gas what is called gas hold up. Because, the reaction rate of very high the lot of gas,", "fshn05VtVDA-00602-00454192-00454696": "which is held up in the equipment. Epsilon l is the liquid holed up previously, Epsilon", "fshn05VtVDA-00603-00454696-00455217": "g 1 0 epsilon l as 0. Because, the reaction rates for like that. Now, because of the fact", "fshn05VtVDA-00604-00455217-00455781": "that we have put in this immobilize cells, we have loss some of the reactor volume.", "fshn05VtVDA-00605-00455781-00456423": "Because, of Epsilon g n epsilon l. So, the left hand side has to multiplied by 1 minus", "fshn05VtVDA-00606-00456423-00457263": "of Epsilon g n, Epsilon l. You understand is clear to all of us ok. So, now let us look,", "fshn05VtVDA-00607-00457263-00457776": "back at what we have done. This is what we did and for which we wrote this solution somewhere,", "fshn05VtVDA-00608-00457776-00458321": "I will write it I will have it some way here solution is there. Please recall this solution", "fshn05VtVDA-00609-00458321-00459060": "for a batch equipment for which what we do is say. We said t is the time for reaction.", "fshn05VtVDA-00610-00459060-00459614": "What is previously we had put in x I, x i these cells in the batch equipment. Now, it", "fshn05VtVDA-00611-00459614-00460081": "is the flow equipment, flow equipment the feed is coming in with the x naught. We have", "fshn05VtVDA-00612-00460081-00460602": "putting so much of x i, x naught is coming in. So, much is growing. So, the effect of", "fshn05VtVDA-00613-00460602-00461117": "all this is to increase the rate at which chemical reactions takes place. So, you will", "fshn05VtVDA-00614-00461117-00462079": "find that immobilize cells I mean a huge amount of literature exist between in 1970’s and", "fshn05VtVDA-00615-00462079-00462652": "1980’s by immobilize cells was investigated as the possible, where increasing reaction", "fshn05VtVDA-00616-00462652-00463183": "rates in biological react. Huge amount of integer exist. And the only", "fshn05VtVDA-00617-00463183-00463582": "thing that we have to recognize is that whatever, is our equations here you would appropriately", "fshn05VtVDA-00618-00463582-00464246": "change these this take in to account these effects that I pointed out. But, what did", "fshn05VtVDA-00619-00464246-00465057": "turn out is the following. That many of these great ideas some have in the industry it did", "fshn05VtVDA-00620-00465057-00465526": "not work out very well. Let me, write the final form and then me explain why?", "fshn05VtVDA-00621-00465526-00469215": "So, if we have immobilize cells your answers look like this. See, the form of this is identical", "fshn05VtVDA-00622-00469215-00469846": "to what we have already written. So, I am not writing it again. So, this is for a immobilize", "fshn05VtVDA-00623-00469846-00470530": "cell reactor. There is understand quickly. x naught is the continuous input of cells.", "fshn05VtVDA-00624-00470530-00470922": "x i is the cells that you have put in, because you have immobilize cells as put in inside", "fshn05VtVDA-00625-00470922-00471618": "the equipment. And now, Epsilon s in Epsilon g is holed up of solids holed up of gas in", "fshn05VtVDA-00626-00471618-00472048": "the immobilize cell equipment. And tau is the residence time, which is V", "fshn05VtVDA-00627-00472048-00472883": "by F. This is at all microbial parameters. Now, the rate at which the reaction that means,", "fshn05VtVDA-00628-00472883-00473398": "the extent to which we can drives at reaction really depends upon, how much you will lose,", "fshn05VtVDA-00629-00473398-00473996": "because of this. How much of gain because of this. This is the loss, because you are", "fshn05VtVDA-00630-00473996-00474542": "losing volume. But, this is a gain correct, because you putting so much of cells, and", "fshn05VtVDA-00631-00474542-00475212": "you loss so much of volume. So, we plus point of this and minus point of this will have", "fshn05VtVDA-00632-00475212-00475650": "to see how it affects your process. They experience that is reported them in the", "fshn05VtVDA-00633-00475650-00476196": "literature is that it is substantial, it is not small. And that is how this huge amount", "fshn05VtVDA-00634-00476196-00476838": "of certain got done particularly, for alcohol. Huge amount of alcohol fermentation, huge", "fshn05VtVDA-00635-00476838-00477684": "amount of research exist. Now, having set this what seem to happen is that, this particular", "fshn05VtVDA-00636-00477684-00478528": "immobilize cell, in which the cell immobilize. As the reaction takes place, for is the alcoholic", "fshn05VtVDA-00637-00478528-00478971": "fermentation for all you know lot of carbon dioxide is produced correct.", "fshn05VtVDA-00638-00478971-00479627": "Now, this carbon dioxide, which is produce inside this immobilize cell it may to come", "fshn05VtVDA-00639-00479627-00480223": "out correct. Now, as carbon dioxide is come out, because the huge increases volume, it", "fshn05VtVDA-00640-00480223-00480842": "is ruches these immobilize cell. So, the what people formed was that that these stability", "fshn05VtVDA-00641-00480842-00481643": "of the immobilization was the unsatisfactory. And consequently the net result that the anticipated.", "fshn05VtVDA-00642-00481643-00482104": "Because, of the immobilization did not eventuate in a process. It work very well in the laboratory", "fshn05VtVDA-00643-00482104-00482663": "in all that. But, in a process it did not work all very well. Therefore, immobilize", "fshn05VtVDA-00644-00482663-00483305": "cell react is not very popular, or not very common in the process industry. It will work", "fshn05VtVDA-00645-00483305-00483572": "very well in the laboratory, will stop there."}}, {"audio_id": "fslRwBJ7NVI", "text": {"fslRwBJ7NVI-00000-00000000-00000300": "Welcome to Lucky Doodles !!!", "fslRwBJ7NVI-00001-00000300-00000500": "Hope this video make you feel sastisfy and relax after a long hard working day!!!", "fslRwBJ7NVI-00002-00002893-00008384": "Stopping by my channel to watch more videos", "fslRwBJ7NVI-00003-00008384-00010486": "Please like, share and subscribe to enjoy many interesting videos of Lucky Doodles!"}}, {"audio_id": "fsB6c7IwwrI", "text": {"fsB6c7IwwrI-00000-00000000-00000200": "action music no copyright 2022"}}, {"audio_id": "fsRWF8xHGB8", "text": {"fsRWF8xHGB8-00000-00000102-00000594": "welcome Leo okay so we're going to look at the next two weeks for you and see", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00001-00000594-00001038": "what is going on and what it is that we can potentially help you with okay", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00002-00001038-00002028": "we're using the mystical reading cards here and the Muse Tarot and also Shadow healing", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00003-00002088-00003060": "okay so let's get into it Leo okay [Music] see what's going on for you get this a quick Shuffle", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00004-00003390-00003474": "video Leo", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00005-00003678-00004230": "okay Leah this card up is experience rebirth", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00006-00004692-00004890": "experience rebirth", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00007-00005202-00005586": "you know I feel like Leo this is", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00008-00005916-00006348": "this is about you seeing", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00009-00006612-00007745": "yourself your past self um In a Different Light to be honest with you it's sort of like I feel like", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00010-00007745-00008424": "it's a matter of coming away from that person that you were and stepping into the person", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00011-00008424-00009180": "that you are because I feel like they're two different people and I feel as though you have a", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00012-00009510-00010242": "an idea of who that person was okay or yeah who that person was", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00013-00010242-00010776": "and I feel like for some of you you feel like maybe that person still is", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00014-00010998-00011724": "and so I feel as though there's a great importance to", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00015-00012222-00012642": "be aware of the distinction of who you were and who you are", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00016-00012642-00013176": "now because I don't feel like they're the same people to be honest with you", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00017-00013404-00014058": "I feel like your life is so different now that it's it's", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00018-00014291-00014586": "yeah these I don't know", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00019-00014982-00016122": "there's so much of a a line and between what was and what is that you could say it's two", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00020-00016122-00016776": "separate lives almost okay but yeah tell me more about experience reboot for Leo please", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00021-00017148-00017334": "we have the six of voices", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00022-00017556-00018102": "I love these cards they're so cool six of voices okay and", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00023-00018276-00018696": "one more card for experience rebirth for Leo please", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00024-00019020-00019566": "the cards I think we'll start with the six of voices though six of voices", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00025-00019920-00020514": "this is you needing to walk away from who you were I feel like there's there's some kind of", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00026-00020592-00021300": "palette that you allow your old self to have over you to be honest with you Leo I feel as", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00027-00021300-00021894": "though this is something you need to step away from because in this card here this this person", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00028-00021894-00022650": "here who is so much bigger than this one um is bowing down to this one here and yet what could", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00029-00022650-00023388": "happen is this person here could easily just get one finger and flick that person off their hand", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00030-00023388-00024096": "and get this person here seems to have so much power over them and I honestly feel like this", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00031-00024096-00024840": "is the past you and it's sort of like I feel like there's one more thing for you to let go of or or", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00032-00025002-00026070": "um maybe not one more thing but one more it's like what I'm seeing is like there's throughout", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00033-00026070-00026670": "your life and potentially throughout your healing Journey um there's been categories of different", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00034-00026670-00027180": "things in your life okay maybe things that have happened to you experiences that you", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00035-00027180-00028020": "have had okay the one thing that you haven't had experience with Leo is this Rebirth of yourself", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00036-00028236-00028932": "and whether this is about you recreating yourself or no I don't feel like it is I don't feel like it", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00037-00028932-00029892": "is I think it's about you seeing you now because it's like Leo this is the old you like I've said", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00038-00029892-00030852": "right but you still see this as all of you but it's so small it's such a tiny part and", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00039-00030852-00031374": "um and this is the part that you're allowing to have power over you you know and maybe that was", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00040-00031374-00031962": "simply through not being aware of that you know so yeah let's have a look though one more card", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00041-00031962-00033012": "for experience rebirth here we go the hermit The Hermit oh I love this um I love this because I", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00042-00033012-00033702": "feel like the sun is coming up from the darkness here Leo I really do and the interesting thing is", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00043-00033882-00034530": "with the sun coming up you see this a tree here for shelter like you've got everything that you", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00044-00034530-00035136": "need okay in the desert here generally you wouldn't even have a tree to seek shelter", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00045-00035136-00035898": "under but you have a tree here so I feel as though there's some sort of Awakening", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00046-00035898-00036948": "happening within you Leo some sort of Awakening I love this I love this assimilate life experience", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00047-00037518-00038346": "interesting here um this card here that has come up here's the number 12 here and", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00048-00038346-00038940": "in this card here also the number 12 so this may be significant for some of you", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00049-00039060-00039768": "um yeah this is very interesting I I do feel Leo that you have walked", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00050-00040212-00040878": "life like I have said before walked a life in different categories of being this person that", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00051-00040878-00041688": "person and another and I feel as though it's been a it's a matter of maybe in order to to", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00052-00041688-00042324": "actually put this one to rest it could be a matter of looking at all those and seeing", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00053-00042528-00043122": "the common denominator and all of these realities that you've had in your life and the fact of the", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00054-00043122-00043830": "matter is Leo that you have been that common denominator however there could be other things", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00055-00043830-00044724": "that others the thing I'm drawn to suddenly is the Cherub up here ready to shoot its Arrow okay and", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00056-00044778-00045546": "um there's sort of like a defense though to that oh wow wow we're doing so much from this", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00057-00045546-00046326": "card these are defense maybe just for some of you there's a defense to receiving love or um", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00058-00046596-00047268": "stepping into some sort of loving relationship okay um but what I'm seeing here I feel like", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00059-00047394-00047970": "bear with me here Leo because I've got to try and get this out these messages I feel like this is", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00060-00047970-00048600": "you and this is you okay but what's happening is this person's Warden along with all its gadgets", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00061-00048600-00049068": "and I feel like this is the different things that you've given gathered along your journey", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00062-00049068-00049776": "okay different experiences that you've had you've come away with this sort of skirt thing and then", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00063-00049776-00050322": "the sword and this out version the mask and the feather and all sorts of different things okay", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00064-00050322-00051084": "and behind you is this one here ready to get you right and I feel like actually this is also you", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00065-00051084-00051672": "okay I feel like this is your Shadow Self but it's come out of the Shadows it's no longer in", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00066-00051672-00052626": "the shadows so whether it is that you're looking at it or you've just become aware of it you ah I", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00067-00052626-00053286": "I feel like it's a matter of you incorporating the fact that it is part of you rather than trying to", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00068-00053286-00054144": "pretend it's not there maybe or um allow it to rule your life still because this is I feel is", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00069-00054144-00054990": "what is happening and it's preventing you from stepping in to a whole new reality in your life", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00070-00054990-00055728": "Fear Part of That is fear Leo so is someone like experience tell me more about this for Leo please", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00071-00055848-00056550": "simulate life experience oh that's it that's a horse that that person has around Fairways", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00072-00056622-00057198": "I thought it was a skirt I wasn't even seeing it properly but this is the thing right is that it", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00073-00057198-00057672": "feels like sort of you've gone through life on this journey of pretending it's all okay", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00074-00057672-00058205": "and like this person here it's like I've got a horse I can ride the horse but it's not a real", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00075-00058205-00058620": "horse you know and I feel like there's been parts of your life that you've gone through", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00076-00058620-00059562": "that [Music] um that's a representation of okay well we have Temperance here I want to", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00077-00059562-00060270": "see if I can get another card here is simulate life experience one more card for Leo please", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00078-00060641-00061446": "one more card for Leo for assimilate life experience we're gonna come out here we go", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00079-00061710-00062028": "Temperance in the emperor wow", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00080-00062364-00062826": "I feel as though um with the temperance card Leo these there's a need for you to", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00081-00062826-00063246": "get some sort of balance in some area of your life there's something that's out of", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00082-00063312-00063641": "um culture okay I feel as though um", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00083-00063917-00064482": "I feel as though there's so many cycles that you've gone through and throughout these Cycles", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00084-00064482-00065232": "again there's been one common theme okay and um whether that's been in love whether that's been", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00085-00065232-00065874": "in work um it could be at home it could be anything along your journey okay I feel as", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00086-00065874-00066552": "though there's been a bit of a a sort of an a real imbalance is all I'm getting about that so", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00087-00066684-00067254": "um I want to say that if you do decide Leo to bring love into your life that make sure", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00088-00067254-00067908": "you do that in moderation okay because I feel as though that or whatever it is that you're bringing", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00089-00067908-00068742": "in okay that sometimes when there's something new we tend to really aim towards that and hone in on", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00090-00068742-00069528": "it and so it's important for you to just take it everything in moderation okay the Emperor as well", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00091-00069678-00070188": "I love that this has come up this is sort of like this person's dancing here like no one's watching", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00092-00070188-00071202": "right and um I feel like these are all the parts of yourself actually that have that have sort of", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00093-00071586-00071862": "you know you've been in your life and now here you", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00094-00071862-00072684": "are in this energy and and this is about owning this energy okay I feel like um", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00095-00072900-00073782": "it's important for you though Leo to soften yourself okay there's some sort of energy of", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00096-00073782-00074364": "like it's it's my way or the highway in a sense so I feel like there's a need to", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00097-00074364-00075144": "sort of soften yourself okay and maybe this is about the past selves okay and embracing those", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00098-00075144-00075840": "and be soft and gentle with those selves okay because it is still you all right I've just", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00099-00075840-00076548": "seen 12 go on the time here as well so 12 is definitely significant for some of you okay um", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00100-00076854-00077472": "we've got the next one here which is take positive action see here we go again with this make believe", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00101-00077544-00078336": "this pretend thing of being in a boat um I I do want to say Leo that make sure that you are", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00102-00078396-00078984": "living your life in reality okay that you're not living your life in a dream world right", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00103-00078984-00079722": "that's one thing that I'm getting from this but I feel as though too that the wind is changing and", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00104-00079830-00080118": "yeah there's the sense of honorability though", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00105-00080184-00080724": "the wind is changing in in a positive way and it's going to take you in a really positive direction", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00106-00080724-00081576": "if you allow it okay but you're feeling vulnerable about that and I also noticed this person in the", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00107-00081576-00082206": "bathtub here is actually holding the sale so the direction of which you take is up to you", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00108-00082206-00082854": "okay because look we could be in the boat and believe that we can't control which way the", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00109-00082854-00083556": "wind blows okay but for you Leo you are in control and it may not feel like you are but in fact you", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00110-00083556-00084330": "are okay so take positive action tell me more about this for Leo please take positive action", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00111-00084522-00085332": "so I feel like I want to say to you Leo get out of the bathtub get dressed and and step out okay", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00112-00085506-00086184": "I feel like some of you have felt like you've needed to clean up your activist", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00113-00086184-00086820": "sense and I feel as though you're clean you're clean you know and um you you can", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00114-00086820-00087306": "now go forward and proceed with what it is that you were trying to clean up all right", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00115-00087396-00088038": "um we've got the Knight of voices here so I want to say go slow okay again with this Temperance", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00116-00088038-00088902": "everything in moderation go slow okay and we also have well the night of materials Okay so", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00117-00089010-00089496": "I love this I love the Nigel materials because this always is so sort of blend", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00118-00089496-00090132": "up with flowers and it's it's so joyful like this is this is very joyful it's it's to me very", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00119-00090186-00090972": "um there's a spiritual aspect to it as well there's so much growth that has happened for you", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00120-00090972-00091878": "and yes you are still learning okay absolutely 100 as we all are along this journey right but", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00121-00092028-00092556": "I feel like I feel like you're more ready than what you believe you are for whatever", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00122-00092556-00093264": "it is that you want to proceed with okay listen to your intuition yes", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00123-00093264-00093906": "Leo yes your intuition will tell you everything you need to know and um and", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00124-00094158-00094806": "this is quite interesting because I feel like now um with this experience rebirth I feel like", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00125-00094806-00095370": "this is going to be a new way of you living okay following your intuition following your", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00126-00095370-00095904": "heart rather than fighting your heart because I feel like this is what has been happening for you", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00127-00096000-00096780": "um we've had one flip over here and one jumped out so we have the nine of inspiration fantastic", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00128-00097368-00097512": "a night of inspiration", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00129-00097872-00098586": "this magical sense about this Leo a real magical sense that it's sort of like someone's throwing", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00130-00098586-00099504": "up this piece of material here and out of it has um this person has appeared and again going back", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00131-00099504-00100188": "to this experience reboot this is the new you you've been you've been creating yourself I feel", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00132-00100410-00100602": "The Chariot wow", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00133-00100872-00101550": "yeah the Chariot this is all about moving forward here but again I feel like you're in control and", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00134-00101550-00102204": "if this is a matter of the heart um then it may feel like it's out of control and I'm wondering", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00135-00102204-00102870": "if this is what is scaring you here Leo um because obviously when you have feelings for someone or", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00136-00102870-00103614": "whatever laughs you know and even if it's this is to do with work it could be a job that you're", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00137-00103614-00104130": "so passionate about you can't get enough of it and it could be that you've had an experience where in", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00138-00104130-00104730": "in past workplaces where it's just you've always maybe felt like that or you thought you felt like", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00139-00104730-00105348": "that and it's turned to custard you know but I feel like this is different here Leo because I", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00140-00105348-00105894": "feel as though you are different you're different but these are the sense of feeling like it's gonna", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00141-00105894-00106626": "be the same over and over again and it's better just to stay away from that and stay with what you", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00142-00106626-00107172": "know in your comfort zone right now because right now you're in a comfort zone okay but", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00143-00107328-00108054": "Leo your your intuition see and look at this coming out here from that solar plexus area", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00144-00108180-00108750": "this is your intuition calling to you you're trying to control you're trying to control what's", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00145-00108750-00109361": "going on but your intuition is telling you a whole different story so this is what you need to", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00146-00109361-00110442": "listen to okay um yeah really start leading with your heart and your intuition okay explore your", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00147-00110442-00111359": "ancestry interesting going back to your path here seeing um Leo how it is how are these repeated", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00148-00111359-00112014": "patterns have happened not just in this lifetime for you but throughout the generations okay", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00149-00112014-00112698": "however it is because I'm seeing this person here this there's a level of control here okay and this", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00150-00112698-00113442": "person's sort of been made to do what they are doing and do you know what I'm just getting right", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00151-00113442-00114072": "now is you know those music boxes where you have the ballerina in it and you wind it up in the tune", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00152-00114072-00114624": "plays and they turn around and around and around I feel like this is what this is It's Time to step", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00153-00114624-00115374": "out of the music box now okay play your own tune you don't have to be in that music box waiting for", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00154-00115374-00115974": "someone to wind you up in order to turn and and dance right you can dance your own dance whatever", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00155-00115974-00116658": "that looks like you can walk to the beat of your own drum now Leo it is safe it is safe", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00156-00116711-00117582": "you are safe I don't feel like you really have that trust in yourself for some reason", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00157-00117738-00118500": "um yeah tell me more about explore your ancestry because you know Leo how I view", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00158-00118500-00119100": "it honestly is that that we've been through so many lifetimes now we are the ancestors", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00159-00119159-00119880": "right so what are these repeated patterns that you have lived throughout lifetimes yeah um really", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00160-00119880-00120635": "really important for you to look at to see um to see maybe how it is that people held themselves", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00161-00120635-00121320": "back from love okay held themselves back from really stepping into their own doing what it is", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00162-00121320-00122285": "they wanted it to do you know even if there's this is say um a family business that you're expected", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00163-00122285-00122958": "to go along with you know maybe you want to Branch out and do something else and that's okay Leo", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00164-00123185-00123714": "you may have tried different things and maybe those things didn't work out right so this time", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00165-00123714-00124104": "you're like well what's different about this time even though I Have This brilliant idea", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00166-00124104-00124548": "and I really want to explore explore it and I can feel it in my heart and I can feel it in", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00167-00124548-00125070": "my gut but uh all those other tones that didn't work out do you know what so what", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00168-00125070-00125844": "you learned you learned from those times right look at it see assimilate these life experiences", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00169-00125844-00126342": "to see what you can learn from those times because you will have a toolbox of knowledge", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00170-00126342-00126870": "now that you didn't have at the beginning so this is very important okay we've got the two", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00171-00126870-00128166": "of the Motions pop up here I love this I love this Leo where are we here we go oh wow Leo oh Leo um", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00172-00128550-00129102": "two of emotions here look at this beautiful this is combining this is combining this is", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00173-00129102-00129654": "in in traditional tarot this is the two of Cups bringing something together because", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00174-00129654-00130272": "the thing is I feel like Leo um you've had your cup you've had your cup in your", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00175-00130272-00130620": "hand for a really long time and you've filled that cap with all sorts of good", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00176-00130620-00131190": "stuff right all sorts of goodies in there that you've got okay and I feel as though", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00177-00131304-00132012": "if this is to do with love there is someone else who has also filled their cap with all sorts of", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00178-00132012-00132666": "goodies as well and you know what Leo your goodies might be different effect of the matter is a good", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00179-00132864-00133524": "filled with Amanda and murky water it's filled with clear beautiful water that you can both you", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00180-00133524-00134202": "know immerse yourself in these are good emotions right two of emotions the good emotions and these", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00181-00134202-00134838": "emotions can be brought together to complement one another okay I feel as though the emotions that", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00182-00134838-00135576": "have come together in the past with different people um have been negative emotions whereas", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00183-00135576-00136422": "now we're dealing with positive emotions here Leo positive emotions I love love it love it okay so", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00184-00136476-00137280": "strength look at this here you are Leo here you are standing in your power your Almighty self", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00185-00137340-00137970": "right it's gonna you know it's gonna take strength for you to trust in yourself", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00186-00138150-00139092": "it really is you know but you've done a lot of work you've done you know and and that's not to", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00187-00139092-00139638": "say that or everything's over you don't need to do anymore there's so much more to be done okay", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00188-00139638-00140472": "but the fact of the matter is that the lion I feel like there's a you know you being Leo right", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00189-00140472-00141276": "there's a part of you that can roar yes and I feel like you're afraid of that but I feel as though", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00190-00141354-00141930": "there are those of you who have done this work regarding this lion and you've got it you've", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00191-00141930-00142554": "got it nailed man you have it nailed so you know yeah I would give yourself a little bit", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00192-00142554-00143406": "more credit and the last card here we have is release fear wow release fear because that is", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00193-00143406-00143880": "really what is holding you back that is what is stopping you from walking through the store okay", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00194-00143880-00144414": "because look at these cards here look at this assimilate life experience about to walk in", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00195-00144492-00145440": "to another world from inside to outside yes Shores or more doors here no I haven't but I do see here", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00196-00145440-00146424": "these two different worlds here okay um yeah and this is you just peeking out the door like oh", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00197-00146562-00147090": "um Can anyone see me I do you know with this mask over the eyes you're like I don't want", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00198-00147090-00147858": "to look at it I don't want it to be um because of this past fear right um yeah and I'm just", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00199-00147858-00148428": "noticing that the number six here is on top of the head and you know half of 12 is six", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00200-00148512-00149142": "this is like you're halfway out the door you need to step to into the 12. [Music]", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00201-00149142-00149790": "um yeah this is cool Leo this is really cool but at least tell me more about release fear", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00202-00150114-00150654": "I love that you've you've cried the door open a little bit and you're peeking out", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00203-00150924-00150996": "okay", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00204-00151206-00152340": "five of inspiration here five of inspiration okay um I feel like here with this one there's", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00205-00152340-00153324": "this internal battle okay um interestingly enough these mirrors for each of these people", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00206-00153324-00153888": "to look into and none of them are looking into them I feel as though for you Leo", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00207-00153888-00154416": "that in the past when you've looked into the mirror at yourself or you've seen is", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00208-00154596-00155112": "ugly that's the only word that's coming to me and I don't mean physically ugly internally", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00209-00155112-00155736": "ugly I feel like you've looked at things or you've looked you you look at your past and see", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00210-00155736-00156480": "ugly okay and I want to challenge you to look at yourself in the mirror now and see", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00211-00156564-00157194": "the beauty okay because we have see the good see the work you've done right", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00212-00157260-00157908": "see all the good stuff Leo instead of all that ugliness okay because that's there", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00213-00158046-00158664": "it is there and and I don't mean to say that to minimize what you have been through not", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00214-00158664-00159264": "at all but you're a different person now Leo okay and this queen of inspiration he is here", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00215-00159264-00159804": "to show you that gender doesn't matter just because it's a queen it doesn't matter okay", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00216-00160314-00160872": "she's in control she's in control she's got the connection going on she is in control", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00217-00160872-00161838": "okay look at this lipid sitting here very calmly right it's like she you know there's just yeah", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00218-00161838-00162294": "there's so much here that is telling me that you've got this you've got this down packed", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00219-00162372-00162744": "but you're the one who doesn't believe you don't believe in yourself right", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00220-00162858-00163470": "so that is it's time to change it's time to change that okay so let's have a look now at", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00221-00163470-00164238": "the shadow healing wow okay okay well that came out all very fast irritation", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00222-00164352-00165024": "irritation is the first card here Leo there comes a time when standing up and being counted may", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00223-00165024-00165552": "not necessarily resolve the issue but it sure feels good when you're finally heard", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00224-00165612-00166350": "and I just wonder if this is about you listening to yourself listening to your heart and listening", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00225-00166350-00167094": "to your intuition yes because you listen to it in other areas of your life but there's one area that", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00226-00167094-00167772": "you don't listen to In and this is the area that you need to hear you need to hear it okay Darkness", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00227-00167838-00168654": "as dark as it seems it is your choice whether to stay shrouded in the abyss or cast aside the", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00228-00168654-00169536": "cloak and rejoin the others in the warmth of the alight and energy oh my gosh yes Leo I love that", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00229-00169536-00170280": "I'm going to read that again to you as dark as it seems it is your choice whether to stay shrouded", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00230-00170280-00171090": "in the abyss or cast aside the cloak and rejoin the others in the warmth of the elite and energy", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00231-00171264-00171810": "wow that's perfect okay and the last card here Leo is frustration", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00232-00172068-00172716": "restart from the very beginning and scrap everything already tried", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00233-00172806-00173538": "the answer to moving beyond this irritation will only be found in exploring new ideas Hallelujah", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00234-00173538-00174282": "excellent that is perfect to end this with Leo okay I'm gonna leave that with you please Leo", "fsRWF8xHGB8-00235-00174282-00174936": "give yourself the chance you deserve it okay take care of your beautiful cells see you bye"}}, {"audio_id": "fuBIWAClJ10", "text": {"fuBIWAClJ10-00000-00000106-00000214": "My name is Robert.", "fuBIWAClJ10-00001-00000214-00000425": "I’m from Armour, South Dakota.", "fuBIWAClJ10-00002-00000425-00000853": "I came here to do dental implants.", "fuBIWAClJ10-00003-00000853-00001255": "Everybody at Siouxland was very pleasant, nice to work with.", "fuBIWAClJ10-00004-00001255-00001428": "Dr. Miller is great.", "fuBIWAClJ10-00005-00001428-00001750": "He gave me a lot of options when I came in.", "fuBIWAClJ10-00006-00001750-00002413": "He was really a great guy to work with and explained everything to me.", "fuBIWAClJ10-00007-00002413-00002831": "Now with implants, my teeth are just solid.", "fuBIWAClJ10-00008-00002831-00003310": "I mean, I can eat anything—literally anything—now.", "fuBIWAClJ10-00009-00003310-00003936": "I had a great experience here, and I would recommend Dr. Miller to anybody—and have,", "fuBIWAClJ10-00010-00003936-00004010": "by the way."}}, {"audio_id": "fuenAkXzrn4", "text": {"fuenAkXzrn4-00000-00000830-00001080": "You fellas have any kids?", "fuenAkXzrn4-00001-00001080-00001170": "Nah.", "fuenAkXzrn4-00003-00001270-00001474": "What about you, Poker?", "fuenAkXzrn4-00004-00001474-00001744": "Two. Don't know if I'll ever see 'em again.", "fuenAkXzrn4-00005-00001757-00001880": "Divorced?", "fuenAkXzrn4-00006-00001916-00002000": "Yup.", "fuenAkXzrn4-00007-00002464-00002768": "Okay, we're almost there. Stay sharp.", "fuenAkXzrn4-00008-00002768-00003086": "Dutch, you're on point. Tig, take our six.", "fuenAkXzrn4-00009-00003160-00003426": "Last fuckin' time I'm the only guy wearing a helmet.", "fuenAkXzrn4-00010-00003456-00003710": "Hell of an insurance payout if you get shot, bro.", "fuenAkXzrn4-00011-00003724-00003950": "Yeah, like it matters anymore.", "fuenAkXzrn4-00012-00007320-00007612": "Come on, talk to me. Don't fall asleep.", "fuenAkXzrn4-00013-00007886-00008086": "Sasha, have you given morphine?", "fuenAkXzrn4-00014-00008114-00008248": "Already gave him a dose.", "fuenAkXzrn4-00015-00008248-00008508": "You know what'll happen if I give him another one.", "fuenAkXzrn4-00016-00008558-00008916": "Fuck's sake, Sasha. Just do it.", "fuenAkXzrn4-00017-00012560-00012726": "Alright, transfer complete.", "fuenAkXzrn4-00018-00017608-00017862": "We're armed. Come out with your hands up!", "fuenAkXzrn4-00019-00022660-00023114": "Actual, this is 1-1. We're in contact, and we have a man down. Requesting backup!", "fuenAkXzrn4-00020-00023154-00023656": "Copy, 1-1, I'll raise QRF, but the route is congested. Timeframe's gonna be less than ideal.", "fuenAkXzrn4-00021-00023704-00023904": "1-1 roger.", "fuenAkXzrn4-00022-00026908-00027042": "Is everything in order?", "fuenAkXzrn4-00023-00027062-00027189": "Yeah, alive."}}, {"audio_id": "fvihwBdwDCk", "text": {"fvihwBdwDCk-00000-00000000-00000300": "Welcome to this LibreOffice Writer video", "fvihwBdwDCk-00001-00000300-00000600": "How to move a row or column in a table", "fvihwBdwDCk-00002-00000600-00001000": "For example, we want to swap the 1st and the last line", "fvihwBdwDCk-00003-00001000-00001400": "move the cursor to the margin next to the line", "fvihwBdwDCk-00004-00001400-00001800": "the cursor is tranformed, click to select", "fvihwBdwDCk-00005-00001800-00002100": "right click> Copy", "fvihwBdwDCk-00006-00002100-00002600": "select the other line in the same way", "fvihwBdwDCk-00007-00002600-00003000": "drag & drop the line keeping the left click pressed", "fvihwBdwDCk-00008-00003000-00003400": "release at destination", "fvihwBdwDCk-00009-00003400-00004000": "Finish by pasting the line we copied"}}, {"audio_id": "fvlB0q4ZsBY", "text": {"fvlB0q4ZsBY-00000-00000348-00000424": "Thank you~!", "fvlB0q4ZsBY-00001-00000424-00000582": "(Oops! It's Jun-ji-hyun at 3 clock direction!)", "fvlB0q4ZsBY-00002-00000582-00000942": "[Jun....What..?]", "fvlB0q4ZsBY-00003-00000960-00001116": "(Feel good for now)", "fvlB0q4ZsBY-00004-00001136-00001366": "I think he's a smart hater", "fvlB0q4ZsBY-00005-00001366-00001552": "If you do that to make me swear", "fvlB0q4ZsBY-00006-00001552-00001670": "People say, \"Jun-ji-hyun is better!\"", "fvlB0q4ZsBY-00007-00001670-00001910": "How dare you compare it?!", "fvlB0q4ZsBY-00008-00001910-00002074": "Do you have bad eyes?!", "fvlB0q4ZsBY-00009-00002074-00002232": "So that's a swear word!", "fvlB0q4ZsBY-00010-00002232-00002374": "(Intelligence anti pan?)", "fvlB0q4ZsBY-00011-00002374-00002434": "Yeah right", "fvlB0q4ZsBY-00012-00002434-00002644": "(Hey Girlbbo! I'm sorry ㅠ I'm not a hater ㅠ)", "fvlB0q4ZsBY-00013-00002644-00002856": "You don't know Jun-ji-hyun face, do you?", "fvlB0q4ZsBY-00014-00002964-00003182": "(Oops.. It's a Min-hyo-rin at 3 clock direction)", "fvlB0q4ZsBY-00015-00003182-00003297": "Min Hyo-rin looks a little like me.", "fvlB0q4ZsBY-00016-00003297-00003484": "As far as I'm concerned", "fvlB0q4ZsBY-00017-00003484-00003886": "[Auntie deceived by Intelligent anti-fanr] Min Hyo-rin and me are about 0.2 % alike.", "fvlB0q4ZsBY-00018-00003886-00003976": "um...I think that 2% alike", "fvlB0q4ZsBY-00019-00003996-00004096": "(That's Intelligent anti-fan!)", "fvlB0q4ZsBY-00020-00004096-00004206": "Ah..It's intelligent anti? lol", "fvlB0q4ZsBY-00021-00004270-00004396": "[Shameful]", "fvlB0q4ZsBY-00022-00004462-00004534": "I don't know...", "fvlB0q4ZsBY-00023-00004704-00004880": "Please Like and Subscribe", "fvlB0q4ZsBY-00024-00005322-00005728": "Notification too!", "fvlB0q4ZsBY-00025-00005844-00006074": "[She is moving after farming!]", "fvlB0q4ZsBY-00026-00006120-00006286": "I'll go halfway!", "fvlB0q4ZsBY-00027-00006366-00006494": "[Supplies..?]", "fvlB0q4ZsBY-00028-00006494-00006678": "[Let's go!!]", "fvlB0q4ZsBY-00029-00007114-00007314": "Thank you Mr. ssong!", "fvlB0q4ZsBY-00030-00007426-00007606": "[Ah huh??]", "fvlB0q4ZsBY-00031-00008568-00008768": "[Close your eyes!!] Because of the mouse sensitivity.", "fvlB0q4ZsBY-00032-00008872-00009098": "[You're going after him..?]", "fvlB0q4ZsBY-00033-00010192-00010328": "He's not wearing a helmet", "fvlB0q4ZsBY-00034-00010328-00010528": "He didn't eat the supplies?", "fvlB0q4ZsBY-00035-00010568-00010652": "Oh!! I'm sorry", "fvlB0q4ZsBY-00036-00010652-00010726": "There's someone there!!", "fvlB0q4ZsBY-00037-00010726-00010802": "I'm sorry", "fvlB0q4ZsBY-00038-00010822-00010970": "[One person who came to smell]", "fvlB0q4ZsBY-00039-00011032-00011196": "You idiot. That's already been robbed.", "fvlB0q4ZsBY-00040-00011212-00011378": "Buggy idiot!", "fvlB0q4ZsBY-00041-00011606-00011806": "(No fuel)", "fvlB0q4ZsBY-00042-00012006-00012206": "Why didn't anyone tell me there was no oil??", "fvlB0q4ZsBY-00043-00012214-00012358": "(Usually, she blames the viewers.)", "fvlB0q4ZsBY-00044-00012358-00012496": "If i had go the supplies,", "fvlB0q4ZsBY-00045-00012496-00012606": "What's going to happen?", "fvlB0q4ZsBY-00046-00012708-00012858": "Why didn't anyone tell me this!", "fvlB0q4ZsBY-00047-00013563-00013646": "What's he..", "fvlB0q4ZsBY-00048-00013696-00013897": "Is he on a chicken mission without helmet?", "fvlB0q4ZsBY-00049-00013897-00014063": "He wore lion hair.", "fvlB0q4ZsBY-00050-00014154-00014376": "[The sound of a car again!]", "fvlB0q4ZsBY-00051-00015438-00015604": "(Nervous)", "fvlB0q4ZsBY-00052-00015762-00015874": "(?? lol)", "fvlB0q4ZsBY-00053-00015906-00016019": "[What are you doing..?]", "fvlB0q4ZsBY-00054-00016290-00016490": "[Where are you looking~!]", "fvlB0q4ZsBY-00055-00016516-00016698": "(I didn't have to nervous..)", "fvlB0q4ZsBY-00056-00016822-00017022": "Thank you for bringing me a car!", "fvlB0q4ZsBY-00057-00017198-00017386": "[Another car is coming;]", "fvlB0q4ZsBY-00058-00017386-00017514": "Why are you stop there..", "fvlB0q4ZsBY-00059-00018892-00018982": "[What enemy's reaction speed...?]", "fvlB0q4ZsBY-00060-00018982-00019082": "wow.. he was good at shoot", "fvlB0q4ZsBY-00061-00019266-00019466": "People are reacting so fast these days;", "fvlB0q4ZsBY-00062-00019548-00019598": "(Tic)", "fvlB0q4ZsBY-00063-00019598-00019668": "Look at this", "fvlB0q4ZsBY-00064-00019668-00019818": "I knew a grenade will coming.", "fvlB0q4ZsBY-00065-00019818-00019910": "..It's not..", "fvlB0q4ZsBY-00066-00020378-00020504": "You are coming this?", "fvlB0q4ZsBY-00067-00020504-00020604": "Why?", "fvlB0q4ZsBY-00068-00021516-00021710": "[Almost dead...]", "fvlB0q4ZsBY-00069-00021710-00021890": "Why did you come here.you are idiot!", "fvlB0q4ZsBY-00070-00022026-00022198": "You know? I shot his head!", "fvlB0q4ZsBY-00071-00022198-00022316": "I knew it was all broken!", "fvlB0q4ZsBY-00072-00022316-00022412": "Oh.. i'll get 3 level helmet", "fvlB0q4ZsBY-00073-00022422-00022530": "But it was so broken...", "fvlB0q4ZsBY-00074-00022530-00022780": "It's a helmet i don't want to wear, does it?", "fvlB0q4ZsBY-00075-00023020-00023142": "Huh?!", "fvlB0q4ZsBY-00076-00023142-00023266": "New 3 level helmet..?", "fvlB0q4ZsBY-00077-00023306-00023414": "(Let's go there!)", "fvlB0q4ZsBY-00078-00023464-00023690": "Those are boss who say me to go there. right?", "fvlB0q4ZsBY-00079-00023690-00023778": "I don't like it!", "fvlB0q4ZsBY-00080-00023948-00024034": "I don't like it!", "fvlB0q4ZsBY-00081-00024034-00024214": "I don't think I can eat that supply.", "fvlB0q4ZsBY-00082-00024700-00024820": "I can hear up there.", "fvlB0q4ZsBY-00083-00024860-00024978": "There's a man up there.", "fvlB0q4ZsBY-00084-00024978-00025074": "already got", "fvlB0q4ZsBY-00085-00025118-00025314": "If I had gone, I had be dead", "fvlB0q4ZsBY-00086-00025354-00025414": "Huhh!", "fvlB0q4ZsBY-00087-00025414-00025530": "Tire blew out!!!", "fvlB0q4ZsBY-00088-00025906-00026106": "[Toilet arrivals in the center!]", "fvlB0q4ZsBY-00089-00026704-00026904": "Why..?? Where are you!", "fvlB0q4ZsBY-00090-00027182-00027264": "Be careful head", "fvlB0q4ZsBY-00091-00027276-00027392": "There is!", "fvlB0q4ZsBY-00092-00027924-00028124": "[ah? she was robbed of her kill lol]", "fvlB0q4ZsBY-00093-00028152-00028266": "I helped him", "fvlB0q4ZsBY-00094-00028266-00028422": "If i think robbed kill", "fvlB0q4ZsBY-00095-00028422-00028614": "If my helmet was broken while I was fighting him", "fvlB0q4ZsBY-00096-00028614-00028754": "It must have been hard to eat chicken!", "fvlB0q4ZsBY-00097-00028754-00028858": "I have always said", "fvlB0q4ZsBY-00098-00028858-00028964": "From Top 10!", "fvlB0q4ZsBY-00099-00028964-00029033": "Without a sound of gunfire,", "fvlB0q4ZsBY-00100-00029033-00029127": "without a fight", "fvlB0q4ZsBY-00101-00029127-00029302": "Better save your vest and helmet.", "fvlB0q4ZsBY-00102-00029442-00029536": "[Skyrocket]", "fvlB0q4ZsBY-00103-00029536-00029648": "What's the magnetic field!", "fvlB0q4ZsBY-00104-00029938-00030083": "There's 3 people left lol", "fvlB0q4ZsBY-00105-00030168-00030308": "I think they all died on the way!", "fvlB0q4ZsBY-00106-00030589-00030688": "Coming down!", "fvlB0q4ZsBY-00107-00031130-00031342": "He's looking over there? There will be an enemy on the left.", "fvlB0q4ZsBY-00108-00031362-00031548": "I think better i don't kill him. right?", "fvlB0q4ZsBY-00109-00031548-00031722": "[Take control of enemy by using another enemy!]", "fvlB0q4ZsBY-00110-00031745-00031874": "I had rather he win.", "fvlB0q4ZsBY-00111-00033092-00033292": "[The enemy's death by other enemy!]", "fvlB0q4ZsBY-00112-00033440-00033632": "My helmet is broken..", "fvlB0q4ZsBY-00113-00033658-00033752": "(Footsteps)", "fvlB0q4ZsBY-00114-00034916-00035116": "[She is drunk with victory...]", "fvlB0q4ZsBY-00115-00035436-00035598": "Peekaboo~?", "fvlB0q4ZsBY-00116-00035686-00035916": "[Honestly, she did a good job, right?]", "fvlB0q4ZsBY-00117-00036204-00036404": "Well, Player Girlbbo!", "fvlB0q4ZsBY-00118-00036404-00036536": "Grenade!!", "fvlB0q4ZsBY-00119-00036610-00036782": "Yeah, you're gonna have to throw a grenade.", "fvlB0q4ZsBY-00120-00036844-00037070": "Do you think that's a grenade in there?", "fvlB0q4ZsBY-00121-00037208-00037496": "[Perfect grenade throwing!] WOW I got it right!", "fvlB0q4ZsBY-00122-00037578-00037778": "[A former baseball player]", "fvlB0q4ZsBY-00123-00037882-00038152": "I wasn't confident in shooting because I didn't have a helmet."}}, {"audio_id": "fvxWH3sWFgk", "text": {"fvxWH3sWFgk-00000-00000530-00000900": "Hello! Welcome to \"Nanomaterials in the Environment\".", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00001-00000900-00001560": "My name is Pete Raynor, and I am an associate professor in the School of Public Health at the University of Minnesota.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00002-00001560-00002360": "The objectives for this module are that, by the end, learners should be able to identify sources for engineered nanomaterials in the natural", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00003-00002360-00003229": "environment, describe potential ecological effects of nanomaterials, predict pathways for exposure of the public to nanomaterials,", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00004-00003229-00003716": "and assess human exposure to engineered nanomaterials in the environment.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00005-00003716-00004406": "This drawing from Sun and co-authors shows the basic stages in the lifecycle of engineered nanomaterials.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00006-00004406-00004916": "The production of raw engineered nanomaterials and the fabrication and use of nanomaterial-", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00007-00004916-00005629": "enabled products lead to nanomaterials in waste streams as well as direct releases to the natural environment.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00008-00005630-00006183": "In addition, engineered nanomaterials may be released from waste streams into the natural environment.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00009-00006183-00006719": "In this lesson, we will consider the ecological risks posed by these nanomaterials and the", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00010-00006720-00007176": "magnitude of human exposures to nanomaterials released into the ecosphere.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00011-00007176-00007973": "We will find that, in general, human exposures to nanomaterials in the natural environment are likely to be low, especially when compared to", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00012-00007973-00008479": "some occupational exposures, but that the ecological risks are uncertain because we have", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00013-00008480-00008956": "limited measurements of environmental concentrations of engineered nanomaterials.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00014-00008956-00009859": "Nowack and co-authors conceptualized transformation processes for engineered nanomaterials in a very useful 2012 paper.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00015-00009860-00010450": "After raw – or \"pristine\" – nanomaterials are produced, they are frequently modified in", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00016-00010450-00010826": "industrial processes as they are incorporated into products.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00017-00010826-00011646": "Common modifications include changes to hydrophilic/hydrophobic properties, surface charge, and surface reactivity to allow the", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00018-00011646-00012479": "particles to be evenly dispersed into a solid or liquid matrix. These changes may alter the toxicity of the engineered nanomaterials.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00019-00012480-00013066": "These \"product-modified\" engineered nanomaterials may be modified further with time", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00020-00013066-00013549": "as the product ages and experiences weathering and other processes.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00021-00013550-00014293": "If and when these \"product-weathered\" nanomaterials are released from the product into the environment, they may be transformed again", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00022-00014293-00015083": "over time as they move through and reside in different environmental media, such as air, water, or soil.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00023-00015083-00015536": "Our knowledge of the effects of aging, weathering, and environmental transformations", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00024-00015536-00016106": "on the chemical and toxicological properties of engineered nanomaterials is limited at this point.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00025-00016106-00016716": "More information about whether these transformations generally make engineered nanomaterials more or less reactive than they", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00026-00016716-00017276": "are in their pristine and product-modified states would help us to understand the ecological and", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00027-00017276-00017793": "human health risks that they pose in the environment.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00028-00017793-00018373": "Nowack and co-authors list eight important processes that can transform engineered nanomaterials:", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00029-00018373-00019069": "photochemical transformation, oxidation, reduction, dissolution and precipitation,", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00030-00019070-00019823": "adsorption and desorption, combustion, biotransformation or biodegradation, and abrasion.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00031-00019823-00020293": "In their paper, they consider the transformations that several different engineered nanomaterials", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00032-00020293-00020806": "may undergo as they are released from products into waste streams and the natural environment.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00033-00020806-00021576": "One of the engineered nanomaterials that Nowack et al. consider is carbon nanotubes incorporated into nanocomposites.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00034-00021576-00022049": "Hirth and co-authors illustrate the chemical and mechanical transformations to carbon nanotube", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00035-00022050-00022533": "nanocomposites that may lead to their release to the natural environment.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00036-00022533-00023256": "On the vertical axis, effects of chemical transformations such as exposure to ultraviolet radiation and chemicals that break down the", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00037-00023256-00023886": "material in which the carbon nanotubes are held will increase the risk of carbon nanotube release.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00038-00023886-00024689": "Similarly, on the horizontal axis, mechanical processes such as sanding, shredding, and normal consumer use can make the nanotubes", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00039-00024690-00025293": "more likely to be released, especially if the product has already experienced chemical transformations.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00040-00025293-00025809": "Some processes such as drilling and plastics compounding expose nanocomposite materials", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00041-00025810-00026160": "to high temperatures that may release the nanotubes.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00042-00026160-00026826": "Ultimately, released carbon nanotubes may themselves decompose in the environment to other forms of carbon.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00043-00026826-00027536": "Nowack and co-authors drew this diagram for transformation processes for carbon nanotubes in nanocomposites.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00044-00027536-00028376": "The nanotube-enabled products could be disposed of at the end of use in the solid waste stream via landfilling, where the products might", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00045-00028376-00029209": "experience adsorption and desorption, biotransformations, or oxidation, or via incineration, where the products and probably", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00046-00029210-00029570": "the nanotubes themselves would be broken down by combustion.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00047-00029570-00030023": "As nanocomposite products are used, nanotubes can be released by photochemical", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00048-00030023-00030499": "transformations, biodegradation, or abrasion of the nanocomposite.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00049-00030500-00031013": "Abrasion processes could include sanding, shredding, and drilling of the product.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00050-00031013-00031583": "Carbon nanotubes released from the nanocomposite could make their way into wastewaters, where they could experience", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00051-00031583-00031993": "adsorption and desorption and biotransformations, or they could be released", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00052-00031993-00032566": "into the natural environment, as could nanotubes emerging from the various disposal pathways.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00053-00032566-00033239": "In the natural environment, carbon nanotubes could experience photochemical transformations, oxidation reactions,", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00054-00033240-00033766": "adsorption and desorption processes, and biotransformation or biodegradation.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00055-00033766-00034463": "Clearly, there are many pathways by which the nanotubes might be released into the environment and an array of ways in which the", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00056-00034463-00035166": "engineered nanomaterial-enabled products and the nanomaterials themselves may be transformed after their release.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00057-00035166-00035763": "What does it look like when a carbon nanotube nanocomposite breaks down by weathering?", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00058-00035763-00036516": "Nguyen and co-authors created a nanocomposite from an epoxy resin containing embedded multi-walled carbon nanotubes.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00059-00036516-00037166": "They then exposed their test material to high energy ultraviolet radiation, 480 watts per square", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00060-00037166-00038033": "meter, at 50 degrees Celsius and 75% relative humidity for 43 days in an accelerated aging test.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00061-00038033-00038759": "This figure from their paper shows images of the surface of the nanocomposite material taken at several intervals during the test.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00062-00038760-00039240": "The multi-walled carbon nanotubes start to become visible after 11 days of accelerated", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00063-00039240-00039746": "aging and the concentration of the nanotubes at the surface increases over time.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00064-00039746-00040549": "By the end of the test period, the surface appears to be a mat of carbon nanotubes.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00065-00040550-00041063": "This second image illustrates what happens during this accelerated aging.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00066-00041063-00041459": "Initially, the nanotubes are fully embedded within the nanocomposite.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00067-00041460-00042210": "The exposure to ultraviolet radiation breaks down the epoxy polymer, and the breakdown products leave in the gas phase.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00068-00042210-00042723": "The carbon nanotubes are left behind, and as more of the polymer breaks down, more and", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00069-00042723-00043146": "more of the nanotubes are left at the surface of the weathered nanocomposite.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00070-00043146-00043643": "With sufficient mechanical agitation, it is not difficult to imagine that some of the multi-walled", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00071-00043643-00044106": "carbon nanotubes might be released from the weathered nanocomposite.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00072-00044106-00044739": "In fact, in a similar study, Hirth et al. were able to show the release of individual carbon", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00073-00044740-00045103": "nanotubes from artificially-weathered nanocomposite materials.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00074-00045103-00045613": "These authors created polyurethane/multi-walled carbon nanotube nanocomposites.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00075-00045613-00046186": "The test materials were exposed to 111 watts per square meter of ultraviolet radiation at", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00076-00046186-00046763": "65 degrees Celsius for four weeks to simulate nine months of weathering by sunlight.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00077-00046763-00047613": "In parallel tests, the materials were exposed to a standard humidity and precipitation cycle to simulate 9 months of weathering by rain.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00078-00047613-00048446": "After these artificial weathering tests, the samples were agitated in a number of ways to determine if free nanotubes could be released.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00079-00048446-00048929": "The image on the left shows a free nanotube released after the test material weathered with", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00080-00048930-00049463": "ultraviolet radiation was agitated for 30 seconds using an ultrasonic probe.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00081-00049463-00050333": "The image on the right shows a free nanotube released from the test material weathered with artificial rain cycles after ultrasonic agitation.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00082-00050333-00051053": "While these are laboratory observations under highly-controlled conditions, the experiments show the potential for releases of carbon", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00083-00051053-00051949": "nanotubes into the natural environment after engineered nanomaterial-products experience weathering followed by mechanical stresses.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00084-00051950-00052740": "As we will see shortly, Nowack and co-authors also consider the potential for release of nano- silver from socks.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00085-00052740-00053543": "The figures on this page from Mitrano et al. demonstrate the potential for silver to be released from fabrics containing nano-silver.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00086-00053543-00054086": "The authors prepared test fabrics and then washed them once or repeatedly in a detergent", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00087-00054086-00054539": "with no oxidizing agents and a detergent with an oxidizing agent.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00088-00054540-00055129": "They subsequently applied a Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure, or TCLP, to", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00089-00055129-00055726": "the washed fabrics to determine if additional silver might leach out upon landfilling of the socks.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00090-00055726-00056613": "The figures show the mass of silver present per mass of fabric on the vertical axes versus test conditions on the horizontal axes.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00091-00056613-00057139": "The figure on the left shows results for fabrics treated with 100 nanometer silver particles,", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00092-00057140-00057660": "whereas the figure on the right is for fabrics treated with 60 nanometer particles.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00093-00057660-00058410": "Washing clearly removed silver from the fabrics. In all cases, ten washes removed more silver than a single wash cycle.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00094-00058410-00059053": "The detergent with the oxidizing agent removed more silver than the detergent with no oxidizing agent.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00095-00059053-00059746": "More silver was removed from fabrics with the 60 nanometer particles than ones with the 100 nanometer particles.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00096-00059746-00060346": "In general, the TCLP protocol suggested that silver might still leach from the treated fabrics if", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00097-00060346-00060796": "they were deposited in a landfill even after ten wash cycles.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00098-00060796-00061273": "As they did for carbon nanotube nanocomposites, Nowack and co-authors", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00099-00061273-00061766": "created a diagram for transformation processes for socks that contain nano-silver.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00100-00061766-00062646": "Silver can be released very rapidly from the socks during washing by oxidation, dissolution, desorption, and abrasion.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00101-00062646-00063313": "Most of the released silver will end up in wastewater, where it can be transformed photochemically or by oxidation,", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00102-00063313-00063823": "dissolution, adsorption and desorption, and biotransformations.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00103-00063823-00064446": "If wastewater treatment is not fully effective on silver, some of it will reach the natural environment.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00104-00064446-00065019": "In addition, socks will end up in the solid waste stream to be incinerated or landfilled,", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00105-00065020-00065413": "potentially leading to additional releases of silver to the environment.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00106-00065413-00066026": "Once in the natural environment, silver is likely to undergo a wide range of further transformations.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00107-00066026-00066709": "Other authors have investigated the potential for releases of nano-silver from test fabrics during washing.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00108-00066710-00067330": "Geranio and co-authors measured the release of silver from fabrics containing nano-silver in a", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00109-00067330-00067676": "washing machine using a standardized test protocol.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00110-00067676-00068276": "The table shows that substantial releases of nano-silver can occur, and that the amount", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00111-00068276-00068613": "released decreases during a second washing cycle.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00112-00068613-00069386": "Not surprisingly, the largest releases on an absolute basis were for fabrics that contained more silver to begin with.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00113-00069386-00069946": "In this figure on the right, the releases during the first washing cycle are separated into particles", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00114-00069946-00070693": "larger than 450 nanometers, particles smaller than 450 nanometers, and silver ions.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00115-00070693-00071533": "For all except one of the test fabrics, most of the released silver was in particles larger than 450 nanometers, suggesting that the applied", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00116-00071533-00072079": "silver is not really nano-silver, or that the silver particles are agglomerated.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00117-00072080-00072826": "The Plasma-NP fabric was the only one known to use silver particles approximately 100 nanometers in mean diameter.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00118-00072826-00073529": "Therefore, it is not surprising that less of its released mass was larger than 450 nanometers.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00119-00073530-00074076": "Why might engineered nanomaterial-enabled products thought to be made from pristine", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00120-00074076-00074633": "nanoparticles smaller than 100 nanometers in diameter release much larger particles?", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00121-00074633-00075413": "Caballero-Guzman & Nowack assert that pristine particles are likely to grow in size as they are used and then released into the", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00122-00075413-00075976": "environment because they aggregate, agglomerate, and attach themselves to larger particles.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00123-00075976-00076836": "The impact of these processes is illustrated in these particle size distributions that show how nanomaterial sizes might increase from when", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00124-00076836-00077489": "nanomaterials are produced to when they are used in products to when they are present in the environment.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00125-00077490-00077906": "These size transformations are likely to change the behavior of the nanomaterials in the", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00126-00077906-00078406": "environment as well as their interactions with ecosystems and people.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00127-00078406-00079179": "Titanium dioxide nanoparticles are used in products that may release the nanoparticles into the natural environment.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00128-00079180-00079650": "The image on the left, from Wokovich and co- authors, shows a scanning electron microscope", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00129-00079650-00080323": "image of a sunscreen containing nano-titanium dioxide. The sunscreen was dried in a vacuum.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00130-00080323-00080983": "The image shows that the most of the titanium dioxide nanoparticles have agglomerated to form larger clusters.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00131-00080983-00081553": "After people apply sunscreen, they may swim in surface waters and will later shower or bathe,", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00132-00081553-00082109": "releasing these agglomerated nanoparticles directly into surface waters and wastewater.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00133-00082110-00082990": "The image on the right from Kaegi and co- authors shows a surface covered with a paint that contains titanium dioxide nanoparticles.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00134-00082990-00083623": "The particles are spread across the surface relatively evenly, and they are not highly agglomerated.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00135-00083623-00084436": "In addition, they appear to be accessible to the atmosphere, leading to the potential for removal from the surface during precipitation events.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00136-00084436-00085146": "The nanoparticles could then move with runoff into storm water systems, surface waters, or soil.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00137-00085146-00085659": "Nowack et al. created a diagram for processes that may lead to transformations of", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00138-00085660-00086100": "nano-titanium dioxide particles used in both sunscreens and paints.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00139-00086100-00086526": "The products in which the nanoparticles are contained may be released directly to the", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00140-00086526-00087213": "natural environment through spills, may be poured or washed into wastewaters, or may be sent to landfills.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00141-00087213-00088009": "Individual titanium dioxide nanoparticles may be liberated rapidly from applied sunscreens or slowly from painted surfaces after", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00142-00088010-00088856": "photochemical transformations, oxidation, and abrasion. These individual nanoparticles may eventually reach the natural environment.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00143-00088856-00089583": "After their release, the titanium dioxide nanoparticles may experience additional photochemical transformations, dissolution and", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00144-00089583-00090266": "precipitation, adsorption and desorption, and biotransformation or biodegradation.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00145-00090266-00091029": "Reed et al. studied the presence of sunscreen chemicals in surface water downstream from a recreational swimming area.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00146-00091030-00091886": "They were able to identify higher concentrations of oxybenzone, an organic compound used to absorb UV radiation in some suncreens,", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00147-00091886-00092533": "and titanium in waters downstream from the swimming area than in waters upstream from the swimming area.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00148-00092533-00092929": "Both figures show concentration as a function of time.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00149-00092930-00093653": "The black dots represent upstream concentrations and the colored dots – red in the top figure for oxybenzone and blue in the bottom", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00150-00093653-00094073": "figure for titanium – represent the downstream concentrations.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00151-00094073-00094593": "When swimming took place during the day, downstream concentrations were elevated.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00152-00094593-00095079": "The authors recognized that the elevated titanium could be a result of activity in the", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00153-00095080-00095426": "swimming area stirring up sediments that contain titanium.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00154-00095426-00096073": "In these additional figures, the authors were also able to find higher levels of aluminum, in green,", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00155-00096073-00096643": "and iron, in yellow, downstream from the swimming area than upstream.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00156-00096643-00097556": "However, when the authors compared upstream and downstream ratios of titanium to aluminum concentrations, in light blue, and titanium to iron", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00157-00097556-00098419": "concentrations, in pink, they observed higher ratios downstream than upstream, suggesting that at least some of the elevated titanium is", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00158-00098420-00099036": "caused by releases of titanium dioxide nanoparticles from sunscreens applied by swimmers.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00159-00099036-00099936": "In an investigation of titanium dioxide in the runoff from painted surfaces, Kaegi et al. observed titanium dioxide nanoparticle", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00160-00099936-00100919": "aggregates, on the left, and larger individual nanoparticles, on the right, embedded in organic binder in the runoff from freshly painted surfaces.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00161-00100920-00101523": "The observed individual particles and aggregates were generally larger than 100 nanometers.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00162-00101523-00102079": "Similar particles were observed in the runoff from surfaces painted two years previously, although", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00163-00102080-00102626": "the concentrations of particles in the runoff from the older surface were considerably lower.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00164-00102626-00103133": "This figure shows titanium concentrations in the runoff from the freshly painted surface,", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00165-00103133-00103706": "the runoff from the surface painted two years previously, and in urban runoff waters.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00166-00103706-00104283": "The concentrations for the newly painted surface are shown on the left vertical axis,", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00167-00104283-00105013": "whereas the concentrations for the older surface and the urban runoff are shown on the right vertical axis.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00168-00105013-00105769": "The total \"raw\" concentration of titanium in the runoff from the freshly painted surface was about 600 micrograms per liter.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00169-00105770-00106450": "When the runoff sample was centrifuged to eliminate particles larger than about 300 nanometers, the remaining concentration was", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00170-00106450-00107093": "about 550 micrograms per liter, indicating that the overwhelming majority of the titanium mass", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00171-00107093-00107649": "in the runoff was associated with particles in the nano-scale or near-nanoscale range.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00172-00107650-00108130": "The concentration of titanium in the runoff from the surface painted two years previously was", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00173-00108130-00108513": "much lower, on the order of 10 micrograms per liter.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00174-00108513-00109086": "Again, most of the mass was associated with particles smaller than 300 nanometers in diameter.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00175-00109086-00109899": "The concentration of titanium in urban runoff measured about 16 micrograms per liter, although only about 50% of this mass was", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00176-00109900-00110323": "associated with particles smaller than 300 nanometers, likely because much of the", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00177-00110323-00111076": "titanium came from sources other than facades coated with paints containing titanium dioxide nanoparticles.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00178-00111076-00111896": "In reviewing 106 articles that they identified regarding the release of engineered nanomaterials from products, Caballero-Guzman", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00179-00111896-00112616": "and Nowack found that this literature covered less than half of the engineered nanomaterials available and less than half of the product", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00180-00112616-00112969": "categories in which engineered nanomaterials are utilized.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00181-00112970-00114040": "Of these 106 articles, almost three quarters were about silver nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, nano-titanium dioxide, or nano-silica.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00182-00114040-00114866": "More than three quarters of the articles considered the use of engineered nanomaterials in composites, textiles, paints, or plastics.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00183-00114866-00115406": "In addition, more than three quarters of the articles addressed one of four release scenarios:", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00184-00115406-00116273": "mechanical treatment of a nanoproduct, releases after weathering, leaching from food storage containers, or releases due to washing.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00185-00116273-00116936": "This literature review suggests that there is a wide range of engineered nanomaterials and release scenarios that still need to be assessed", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00186-00116936-00117486": "to fully evaluate the risks posed by human exposures to engineered nanomaterials.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00187-00117486-00118163": "When we consider the fate and transport of engineered nanomaterials in the natural environment, we must consider the ability of", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00188-00118163-00119093": "nanomaterials to reside in various environmental media: air, water (including stormwater, freshwater, groundwater, and seawater),", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00189-00119093-00119673": "sediments, and soil. Let's look at each of these compartments.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00190-00119673-00120199": "This diagram from Garner and Keller shows the different processes by which engineered", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00191-00120200-00120613": "nanomaterials can move and transform in the environment.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00192-00120613-00121196": "In the air, engineered nanoparticles are likely to attach themselves to other aerosol particles to", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00193-00121196-00121589": "form aggregates that behave, effectively, as larger particles.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00194-00121590-00122240": "Organic vapors – and inorganic vapors such as water vapor – will be able to condense or adsorb", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00195-00122240-00122800": "onto the surfaces of airborne nanoparticles or aggregates that contain nanoparticles.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00196-00122800-00123506": "Some types of engineered nanoparticles may be able to dissolves partially or completely into droplets in the atmosphere.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00197-00123506-00123956": "When aggregates become large enough, they will begin to settle due to gravity.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00198-00123956-00124889": "Nanomaterials contained in liquid drops may deposit with precipitation onto soil or water surfaces, which is referred to as wet deposition.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00199-00124890-00125740": "In addition, individual engineered nanoparticles and nanoparticles in aggregates may be able to deposit onto soil or water surfaces due to", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00200-00125740-00126383": "gravitational settling or diffusion processes, which is referred to as dry deposition.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00201-00126383-00126873": "Engineered nanoparticles present in the soil have the potential to move into water with runoff", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00202-00126873-00127413": "from precipitation and by other transport processes such as wind-aided resuspension.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00203-00127413-00127973": "If the nanomaterials remain in the soil, they may attach and detach from soil particles.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00204-00127973-00128476": "The nanomaterials may dissolve in ground water, then possibly attach to clay particles,", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00205-00128476-00128816": "and be transported with those clay particles through the soil.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00206-00128816-00129323": "Engineered nanoparticles may interact with natural organic materials, with some of these", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00207-00129323-00129869": "organic materials adsorbing to or reacting with the particle surfaces.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00208-00129870-00130413": "The nanoparticles also have the potential to aggregate and move deeper into the soil.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00209-00130413-00131166": "In water, engineered nanomaterials may attach themselves to suspended sediment particles, or they may dissolve into the water.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00210-00131166-00131569": "Once again, they may interact with natural organic material, with some of the material", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00211-00131570-00132380": "reacting with or adsorbing to the particle surface. The engineered nanoparticles may be able to aggregate together, as well.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00212-00132380-00132890": "Eventually the individual nanoparticles or the aggregates of which they are a part will settle", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00213-00132890-00133253": "due to gravity into the sediment at the bottom of surface waters.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00214-00133253-00133929": "Once in the sediment, there is a possibility of resuspension, or else of burial into deeper sediments.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00215-00133930-00134713": "This figure shows three \"modes\" of particles of different sizes that are commonly present in the outdoor atmosphere.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00216-00134713-00135469": "Particles of nano-scale size are formed in nature by gas-to-particle conversions, a process referred to as nucleation.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00217-00135470-00136246": "These particles form what is called the \"nucleation\" mode. Normally, particles in the nucleation mode do not remain that size.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00218-00136246-00136856": "More vapor will deposit on the particles, and the particles will coagulate to form effectively larger particles.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00219-00136856-00137393": "They become particles on the order of 100 nanometers to 1 micrometer in size, and", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00220-00137393-00137786": "collectively they are referred to as the \"accumulation\" mode.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00221-00137786-00138286": "Particles suspended by the wind or generated from human processes are larger than about", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00222-00138286-00138773": "2.5 micrometers and are referred to as the \"coarse\" mode.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00223-00138773-00139266": "Similar to particles in the nucleation mode, engineered nanoparticles in the atmosphere", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00224-00139266-00139653": "will not remain as small, individual nanoparticles for long.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00225-00139653-00140169": "Vapor will condense on their surfaces and they will form aggregates due to coagulation so that", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00226-00140170-00140680": "they become part of larger particles in the accumulation mode.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00227-00140680-00141070": "Particles leave the atmosphere by dry and wet deposition.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00228-00141070-00141786": "While particles in the coarse mode are likely to settle due to gravitational sedimentation, particles in the accumulation mode will move", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00229-00141786-00142599": "with the air and may come close enough to surfaces such as plants, soil, or water to be deposited by gravity or Brownian motion.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00230-00142600-00142900": "This is all considered dry deposition.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00231-00142900-00143666": "However, particles in the accumulation mode are also likely to be incorporated into cloud droplets and fall with precipitation, or they may be", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00232-00143666-00144423": "scavenged in the atmosphere by rain drops falling from above. These processes are referred to as wet deposition.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00233-00144423-00145159": "The key points regarding the fate of engineered nanoparticles in the atmosphere are that they are likely to become part of larger particles that", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00234-00145160-00145936": "are no longer in the nano-scale range and that these larger particles will eventually leave the atmosphere by wet or dry deposition.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00235-00145936-00146466": "In the time before they deposit, the particles may be transported considerable distances.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00236-00146466-00147206": "When they enter water, engineered nanomaterials can aggregate with each other and with other materials in the water.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00237-00147206-00147889": "Buffle and co-authors use this figure to illustrate the most common aggregation processes.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00238-00147890-00148980": "A legend for the objects in the figure shows that the small black dots represent solid organic matter, the long thin lines represent biopolymers", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00239-00148980-00149860": "such as mucopolysaccharides, peptidoglycanes, hemicellulose, and pectic compounds from microbial cell walls and", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00240-00149860-00150776": "extracellular products, and inorganic colloids that will include engineered nanomaterials suspended in the water.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00241-00150776-00151283": "Inorganic colloids can form slow-growing aggregates with themselves that take a very", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00242-00151283-00151589": "long time to grow large enough to settle due to gravity.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00243-00151590-00152253": "The same holds true for organic matter and for combinations of inorganic colloids with organic matter.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00244-00152253-00153196": "Inorganic colloids can also form aggregates with biopolymers that grow more rapidly and begin to destabilize over time as they become larger,", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00245-00153196-00153656": "especially when organic matter is present and becomes part of the aggregate.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00246-00153656-00154256": "These large three-part aggregates are unstable in suspension, and they are prone to sedimentation.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00247-00154256-00155103": "Thus, the characteristics of the water body play a significant role in the fate and transport of engineered nanomaterials in aquatic systems.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00248-00155103-00155919": "Garner and Keller reviewed the existing literature and classified the time frames required for aggregation of engineered nanomaterials in", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00249-00155920-00156340": "aquatic systems as a function of material composition and type of water.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00250-00156340-00156816": "In stormwater and freshwater, engineered nanomaterials aggregate slowly because of a", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00251-00156816-00157239": "relative lack of ionic strength and organic matter in the water.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00252-00157240-00157763": "Thus, the residence time required for aggregation is long, requiring weeks or months.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00253-00157763-00158246": "For groundwater and seawater, which have higher ionic strength and more organic matter,", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00254-00158246-00158836": "aggregation time is much shorter, requiring only hours or days for many nanomaterials.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00255-00158836-00159593": "Zinc oxide nanoparticles and especially zerovalent iron nanoparticles are among the engineered nanomaterials most likely to", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00256-00159593-00159986": "aggregate quickly in many or all of the aquatic systems.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00257-00159986-00160516": "Although aluminum oxide nanoparticles were only tested in freshwater, it was the engineered", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00258-00160516-00161379": "nanomaterial that aggregated most readily in that system. Nano-silica is slow to form aggregates in all of the aquatic systems.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00259-00161380-00161816": "Other nanomaterials vary across the different types of water.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00260-00161816-00162299": "The same authors classified time frames for sedimentation for various engineered", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00261-00162300-00162600": "nanomaterials in different types of aquatic systems.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00262-00162600-00163053": "The trends were similar, though not identical, to the aggregation time frames.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00263-00163053-00163683": "In general, sedimentation was fastest in seawater compared to stormwater, freshwater, and groundwater.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00264-00163683-00164583": "Zerovalent iron and iron(II,III) oxide nanoparticles generally showed the fastest sedimentation rates across all of the aquatic systems.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00265-00164583-00165166": "However, cerium oxide nanoparticles, multi- walled carbon nanotubes, and nano-titanium", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00266-00165166-00165729": "dioxide all demonstrated sedimentation time frames of just hours in seawater.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00267-00165730-00166190": "According to the same review, the time frame required for engineered nanomaterials to", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00268-00166190-00166786": "dissolve in various kinds of water ranged from weeks to months for almost all materials.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00269-00166786-00167623": "Only zinc oxide nanoparticles showed more rapid dissolution time frames of days or even hours in freshwater and seawater.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00270-00167623-00168183": "In addition to these physical processes, engineered nanomaterials can also undergo", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00271-00168183-00168476": "chemical transformations when suspended in water.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00272-00168476-00169239": "The most common transformations are oxidation reactions, sulfidation reactions, and reactions with phosphorus.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00273-00169240-00170176": "Oxidation reactions include silver nanoparticles being oxidized to silver ions, which can then combine with free chlorine ions to form a salt.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00274-00170176-00170786": "Copper nanoparticles can be transformed to a variety of carbonate or hydroxide complexes.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00275-00170786-00171683": "Zerovalent iron nanoparticles can be oxidized to one of several iron oxides, which can release iron ions into the water.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00276-00171683-00172759": "In examples of sulfidation reactions, zinc oxide, cadmium, and silver nanomaterials can be transformed to zinc sulfide, cadmium sulfide,", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00277-00172760-00173110": "and silver sulfide, respectively, in aquatic systems.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00278-00173110-00173866": "An example of a reaction with phosphorus in water is transformation of zinc oxide nanoparticles to zinc phosphate.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00279-00173866-00174586": "What risks might engineered nanomaterials pose to aquatic life, especially in ocean waters?", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00280-00174586-00175376": "According to Klaine and co-authors, when nanoparticles deposit from the atmosphere onto the ocean surface, the nanomaterials may pose", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00281-00175376-00175819": "a risk to embryos and plankton that are present in the surface microlayer.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00282-00175820-00176436": "Re-aerosolization from the surface microlayer may also pose a risk to marine birds and mammals.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00283-00176436-00177163": "As engineered nanomaterials aggregate and begin to settle toward the ocean floor, they may pose risks to fish.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00284-00177163-00177683": "Once the aggregates reach the sediment, they may pose risks to benthic species such as", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00285-00177683-00178173": "mollusks, crustaceans, sea anemones, sponges, and others.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00286-00178173-00178836": "Concentrations and effects are likely to vary between coastal sediments and sediments in the deep ocean floor.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00287-00178836-00179446": "Klaine et al. discuss the possible toxic effects that nanomaterials may have on bacteria.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00288-00179446-00180126": "For example, engineered nanomaterials used for diagnostic imaging typically target cell membranes for labelling.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00289-00180126-00180559": "These nanomaterials have been shown to have the potential to disrupt and damage the cell", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00290-00180560-00180963": "membrane, even puncturing the membrane in some instances.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00291-00180963-00181733": "Engineered nanomaterials may also be able to oxidize or destabilize proteins in bacteria by several different mechanisms.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00292-00181733-00182183": "Some nanomaterials have been shown to damage DNA molecules.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00293-00182183-00182753": "Many nanomaterials are able to produce reactive oxygen species, which are thought to be able to", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00294-00182753-00183283": "react with and potentially damage cell membranes, proteins, and DNA.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00295-00183283-00183766": "Researchers have shown that fullerenes and cerium oxide nanoparticles have the ability to", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00296-00183766-00184299": "interrupt electron transport in the cell membrane, inhibiting cellular respiration.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00297-00184300-00184990": "Finally, heavy metals and ions that can be released from engineered nanomaterials can be toxic to bacteria.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00298-00184990-00185760": "The relative impact of these various mechanisms on the toxicity of engineered nanomaterials to bacteria is still uncertain.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00299-00185760-00186496": "Klaine and co-authors report the toxic effects of several prevalent kinds of engineered nanomaterials on bacteria.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00300-00186496-00187079": "Single-walled carbon nanotubes have antibacterial properties and can cause damage to cell membranes.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00301-00187080-00188000": "Multi-walled carbon nanotubes are cytotoxic to microorganisms. Quantum dots may cause oxidative damage to cell membranes in bacteria.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00302-00188000-00188646": "Nano-silver is used in products because of its bactericidal and viricidal properties.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00303-00188646-00189153": "Gold nanoparticles have relatively low-level toxicity, but because they are used so much in", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00304-00189153-00189623": "medical research and treatments, they may have a significant cumulative effect.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00305-00189623-00190406": "Titanium dioxide nanoparticles enhance solar disinfection of microorganisms due to their photocatalytic activity.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00306-00190406-00191396": "Nano-titanium dioxide also produces reactive oxygen species. Other metal oxide nanoparticles have antimicrobial impacts.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00307-00191396-00192156": "And, finally, nano-silica produces mild toxicity by the generation of reactive oxygen species.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00308-00192156-00193013": "Garner and Keller reviewed 61 ecotoxicity studies, comparing toxicity findings to what is known about concentrations of engineered", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00309-00193013-00193363": "nanomaterials in both freshwater and seawater systems.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00310-00193363-00193983": "The authors do not anticipate that any engineered nanomaterials are sufficiently concentrated in aquatic systems to cause", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00311-00193983-00194716": "substantial toxicity in most situations unless there is a concentrated source or spill of nanomaterials.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00312-00194716-00195553": "When comparing different kinds of nanomaterials in their review, the authors found that silver, zerovalent iron, and zinc oxide", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00313-00195553-00196069": "nanoparticles have the highest toxicity potential in both freshwater and seawater.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00314-00196070-00196946": "Other notable engineered nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes, fullerenes, cerium oxide nanoparticles, nano-titanium dioxide,", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00315-00196946-00197556": "and nano-silica exhibit lower levels of toxicity in one or both of the systems.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00316-00197556-00198129": "In soil, Klaine and co-authors identified a number of key processes by which engineered", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00317-00198130-00198520": "nanomaterials may move through the soil and cause toxicity.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00318-00198520-00199263": "Engineered nanomaterials may be able to dissolve in groundwater, aggregate with soil particles, and migrate through the soil.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00319-00199263-00199699": "Nanomaterials have the potential to bioaccumulate in plant material.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00320-00199700-00200336": "They can also bioaccumulate in invertebrates such as earthworms, potentially with toxic effects.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00321-00200336-00201123": "As with bacteria in aquatic systems, engineered nanomaterials may also be toxic to microorganisms in the soil.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00322-00201123-00201893": "Garner and Keller summarize existing data on ecological concerns posed by engineered nanomaterials in soil.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00323-00201893-00202569": "Gold and silver nanoparticles are capable of entering terrestrial food webs and bioaccumulating in organisms.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00324-00202570-00203163": "Gold, silver, and aluminum oxide nanoparticles have all been shown to be capable of limiting", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00325-00203163-00203663": "reproduction of a type of earthworm named Eisenia fetida.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00326-00203663-00204419": "In addition, silver nanoparticles are acutely toxic to Eisenia fetida. Copper (II) oxide and iron (II,III)", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00327-00204420-00204950": "oxide nanoparticles have been shown to alter soil microbial communities.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00328-00204950-00205673": "On the other hand, carbon-60 fullerenes have been shown to have little effect on soil microbial communities.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00329-00205673-00206239": "All of the relevant studies have been conducted in laboratory settings using soil concentrations", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00330-00206240-00206640": "that probably do not reflect the real concentrations in soils.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00331-00206640-00207130": "We have almost no information on the concentrations of engineered nanomaterials in", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00332-00207130-00207569": "situ (meaning, in place) in real-world soil environments.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00333-00207569-00208310": "Thus, we have much to learn still about the potential toxicity of engineered nanomaterials in soils.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00334-00208310-00209050": "This diagram from Keller and Lazareva illustrates, once again, the potential pathways", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00335-00209050-00209486": "by which engineered nanomaterials may be released into the natural environment.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00336-00209486-00210229": "During production of engineered nanomaterial- enabled products, some nanoparticles may be released into the air, some nanomaterials may", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00337-00210230-00210930": "end up as waste taken to a landfill, and some may be released to wastewater and be processed by wastewater treatment plants.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00338-00210930-00211373": "The products themselves will be used by consumers and then disposed of.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00339-00211373-00211829": "Use can lead to nanomaterials entering wastewater, and some of the used", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00340-00211830-00212323": "nanomaterials may end up in air, water, or soil in the natural environment.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00341-00212323-00213096": "Solids from wastewater treatment plants as well as the materials disposed of by consumers may end up in a waste incineration plant,", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00342-00213096-00213586": "which may release some nanomaterials into the air, or else they will be landfilled.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00343-00213586-00214316": "Some nanomaterials will pass through wastewater treatment plants and end up in water or soil compartments in the environment.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00344-00214316-00214909": "Keller and Lazareva estimated the global flow of engineered nanomaterials from production", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00345-00214910-00215286": "through use, then disposal, and their ultimate fate.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00346-00215286-00215869": "The most prevalent nanomaterials worldwide are nano-silica, nano-titanium dioxide,", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00347-00215869-00216416": "iron nanoparticles, nano-zinc oxide, and nano- aluminum oxide.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00348-00216416-00216913": "These engineered nanomaterials and others are used in a variety of applications, including", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00349-00216913-00217306": "coatings, paints, and pigments and personal care products.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00350-00217306-00217806": "The authors estimate that approximately 60% of the original nanomaterials will end up in a", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00351-00217806-00218539": "landfill, with the remaining 40% being released, in one form another, to the natural environment.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00352-00218540-00219540": "The same authors estimate releases by region, with about 50% of releases to landfills, air, water, and soil coming in Asia.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00353-00219540-00220160": "Europe is estimated to have the second highest release levels, followed by North America in third place.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00354-00220160-00220980": "Overall, nano-titanium dioxide and nano-silica are believed to account for more than half of all releases by mass.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00355-00220980-00221690": "The sampling and analysis of engineered nanomaterials from environmental media are challenging for a number of reasons.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00356-00221690-00222240": "In particular, concentrations are expected to be low and the engineered nanomaterials may be", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00357-00222240-00222616": "hard to distinguish from naturally-occurring nanomaterials.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00358-00222616-00223366": "Sampling is generally accomplished using standard methods. In water and wastewater, grab samples are taken at desired depths.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00359-00223366-00223896": "Similarly, in sediments and soils, samples are dug out from desired depths.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00360-00223896-00224503": "Samples from the atmosphere are taken using time-integrated filter or cascade impactor samples.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00361-00224503-00225209": "Among the challenges for the occupational hygienist or other health and safety specialist when taking samples is to make sure that the", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00362-00225210-00225703": "sample is representative of the environmental medium from which it is drawn.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00363-00225703-00226216": "This can be a concern, for example, if airborne nanoparticles might deposit due to their", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00364-00226216-00226893": "Brownian motion in tubing or in the entry to a sampler before reaching the collection medium.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00365-00226893-00227369": "Even a small amount of contamination during sampling is a critical problem because", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00366-00227369-00227800": "concentrations are expected to be very low in environmental samples.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00367-00227800-00228553": "The person performing sampling must consider sample preservation and holding time if there is a chance that the composition or morphology of", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00368-00228553-00228936": "the nanomaterial may change between sampling and analysis.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00369-00228936-00229509": "Finally, there is relatively little guidance for those conducting sampling in most cases because", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00370-00229510-00229923": "few methods have been optimized for engineered nanomaterials.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00371-00229923-00230503": "Analytical procedures will be determined based on the goals of whoever performs the sampling.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00372-00230503-00231243": "These analytical goals may include measuring engineered nanomaterial concentrations in the air, water, or soil.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00373-00231243-00231729": "Concentration may be defined in different metrics including number concentration,", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00374-00231730-00232283": "surface area concentration, or mass concentration, which is the most common.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00375-00232283-00232839": "Size distribution may be a desirable analytical goal in some situations.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00376-00232840-00233200": "Knowing the morphology of the nanomaterial may be of interest.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00377-00233200-00233690": "Morphology potentially includes the shape of the nanomaterial, an assessment of particle", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00378-00233690-00234150": "agglomeration, and the phase or crystalline structure of the nanomaterial.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00379-00234150-00234726": "Finally, the chemical composition of the engineered nanomaterial is usually important.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00380-00234726-00235646": "In all situations, the work-up of the sample – how the sample is processed so that it is put in a form in which it is ready for analysis", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00381-00235646-00236139": "– is critical, especially because concentrations are usually low enough that the limits of", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00382-00236140-00236560": "detection for many analytical procedures will be challenged.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00383-00236560-00237440": "To assess engineered nanomaterial concentrations, size distributions, shape, and amount of agglomeration, imaging techniques", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00384-00237440-00238130": "such as transmission electron microscopy or TEM, scanning electron microscopy or SEM,", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00385-00238130-00238533": "and atomic force microscopy or AFM may be used.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00386-00238533-00239069": "To evaluate phase and crystalline structure, electron diffraction, x-ray absorption", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00387-00239069-00239706": "spectroscopy or XAS, and x-ray diffraction or XRD may be used.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00388-00239706-00240529": "Chemical composition may be assessed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC- MS), inductively coupled plasma-mass", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00389-00240530-00241300": "spectrometry (ICP-MS), or energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), which can also be referred", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00390-00241300-00242240": "to as energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX). EDS is most often employed in combination with an SEM.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00391-00242240-00243140": "The SEM is used to identify a particular location for analysis, and then a beam of electrons or x- rays is directed at the location and the released", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00392-00243140-00243740": "x-rays from the sample can be characterized to determine elemental composition at the location.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00393-00243740-00244233": "A wide variety of other techniques can be used as well; this is just a partial list.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00394-00244233-00244859": "Importantly, differentiating engineered nanomaterials form naturally-occurring nanomaterials is hard.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00395-00244860-00245440": "There are relatively few studies in the literature to help those performing environmental measurements.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00396-00245440-00246019": "Some nanomaterials are composed of elements that may not occur naturally in high concentrations.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00397-00246019-00246596": "In those situations, it may be easier to distinguish the engineered nanomaterials based on composition.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00398-00246596-00247446": "For example, cadmium selenide quantum dots do not occur naturally, so their presence can only be related to nanotechnology.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00399-00247446-00248063": "Identifying a suitable environmental control may be a way to assess levels of engineered nanomaterials.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00400-00248063-00248806": "If elevated concentrations of an element in an engineered nanomaterial are found in a sample that is significantly above levels found in control", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00401-00248806-00249419": "samples taken elsewhere, then the elevation in concentration may be due to the nanomaterial.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00402-00249419-00249840": "We saw this earlier in the titanium concentrations measured downstream from a", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00403-00249840-00250266": "swimming area when compared with the concentrations upstream.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00404-00250266-00250863": "The challenge with this approach is often to find a suitable location to take a control sample.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00405-00250863-00251343": "To finish this lesson, let's take a look at what is known about engineered nanomaterial", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00406-00251343-00251669": "concentrations in various environmental compartments.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00407-00251669-00252280": "All of these measurements or modeling estimates were compiled in a study by Gottschalk and co-authors.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00408-00252280-00252700": "In this figure and the ones that follow, concentrations predicted by models or", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00409-00252700-00253290": "measured concentrations are presented from a variety of studies, separated by nanomaterial.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00410-00253290-00253730": "Geometric means of concentrations and the range of results are provided.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00411-00253730-00254186": "Bars in green represent modeled results, bars in yellow represent measurements,", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00412-00254186-00254629": "and bars in orange combine modeling results and measurements.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00413-00254630-00255133": "This first figure shows engineered nanomaterial concentrations in surface waters.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00414-00255133-00255919": "For nano-titanium dioxide, concentrations are mostly in the range of 10 nanograms per liter to 10 micrograms per liter.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00415-00255919-00256269": "Concentrations for other nanomaterials are lower.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00416-00256269-00256863": "Concentrations for silver, zinc oxide, and cerium oxide nanoparticles are all predicted to be lower", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00417-00256863-00257509": "than 1 microgram per liter in surface waters, and mostly lower than 100 nanograms per liter.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00418-00257510-00258336": "For carbon nanotubes and fullerenes, surface water concentrations are predicted to be even lower, less than 1 nanogram per liter.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00419-00258336-00258869": "Engineered nanomaterial concentrations have been measured and estimated to be higher in", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00420-00258869-00259240": "the effluent of wastewater treatment plants than in surface waters.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00421-00259240-00259990": "This makes sense because some nanomaterials may be released directly into wastewater, such as nano-titanium dioxide in sunscreen being", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00422-00259990-00260580": "washed off during showers and nano-silver on clothing being liberated during clothes washing.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00423-00260580-00261223": "Nanomaterials released into surface waters will be diluted a lot more than those released in wastewater.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00424-00261223-00261986": "With the exception of one study that estimated nano-titanium dioxide at concentrations of about 1 milligram per liter in wasterwater treatment", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00425-00261986-00262813": "plant effluents, other estimates and several sets of measurements suggest concentrations of approximately 10 micrograms per liter.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00426-00262813-00263723": "Concentration estimates and measurements for nano-silver, nano-zinc oxide, carbon nanotubes, fullerenes, and cerium oxide nanoparticles are", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00427-00263723-00264376": "generally lower, with most concentrations in the vicinity of 1 microgram per liter or lower.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00428-00264376-00264873": "A similar pattern among the various engineered nanomaterials can be observed for", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00429-00264873-00265269": "concentrations in wastewater treatment plant biosolids.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00430-00265270-00265940": "Nano-titanium dioxide concentrations are generally higher than the concentrations for the other nanomaterials.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00431-00265940-00266770": "In one study, concentrations of nano-titanium dioxide were measured to be larger than 1 milligram per gram of biosolid.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00432-00266770-00267270": "Other measurements and estimates were lower for titanium dioxide, but concentrations were still", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00433-00267270-00267680": "greater than 100 micrograms per gram in several studies.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00434-00267680-00268463": "The one study that looked at nano-zinc oxide suggested concentrations between 10 and 100 micrograms per gram of biosolid.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00435-00268463-00269053": "Concentrations for nano-silver were all below 10 micrograms per gram, while concentrations for", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00436-00269053-00269726": "carbon nanotubes, fullerenes, and cerium oxide nanoparticles were lower than 100 nanograms per gram.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00437-00269726-00270273": "There are no measurements of engineered nanomaterials in the sediments of surface waters.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00438-00270273-00271073": "Models estimate that nano-titanium dioxide will be at concentrations of 10 milligrams per kilogram or lower in sediments.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00439-00271073-00271793": "Carbon nanotube concentrations may be as high as about 1 milligram per kilogram of sediment, according to models.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00440-00271793-00272226": "Concentrations of other nanomaterials are likely to be lower.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00441-00272226-00272746": "Estimates for engineered nanomaterial concentrations in soils range widely,", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00442-00272746-00273179": "but they are mostly around 1 milligram per kilogram or lower.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00443-00273180-00273896": "Unsurprisingly, soils to which biosolids from wastewater treatment plants have been applied – labelled with the red dots – are expected to", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00444-00273896-00274643": "have higher concentrations than soils on which nanomaterials have settled through either wet or dry deposition from the atmosphere.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00445-00274643-00275209": "Interestingly, cerium oxide nanoparticles are expected to have relatively high concentrations,", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00446-00275210-00276050": "but this estimate was produced for soils near roadways that may experience contamination from cerium oxide additives in diesel fuel.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00447-00276050-00276523": "The last compartment that Gottschalk et al. considered is the atmosphere.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00448-00276523-00276919": "Once again, concentrations vary widely among the different studies.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00449-00276920-00277350": "However, most of the studies indicate that engineered nanomaterial concentrations in the", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00450-00277350-00277810": "atmosphere should be about 100 nanograms per cubic meter or lower.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00451-00277810-00278496": "While these concentrations are below levels thought to be of concern in occupational settlings, we do not know the implications of", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00452-00278496-00279316": "broader, low-level inhalation exposures to engineered nanomaterials among the general public by way of the natural environment.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00453-00279316-00280246": "In summary, engineered nanomaterials are released to the natural environment during product manufacturing, use, and disposal,", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00454-00280246-00280719": "and the released nanomaterials can be distributed widely throughout the environment.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00455-00280720-00281333": "In the natural environment, engineered nanomaterials can be toxic, especially to microorganisms.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00456-00281333-00281966": "The sampling and analytical techniques available to us now can be used to characterize engineered nanomaterials.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00457-00281966-00282846": "However, differentiating the engineered nanomaterials from natural nano-scale materials presents significant challenges during analysis.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00458-00282846-00283556": "Finally, it is important to remember that concentrations of engineered nanomaterials in the natural environment are generally expected", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00459-00283556-00284163": "to be low, and considerably lower than concentrations that are likely to be found in workplaces.", "fvxWH3sWFgk-00460-00287296-00287556": "Thank you for watching this lesson!"}}, {"audio_id": "fwiRBGe3PTA", "text": {"fwiRBGe3PTA-00000-00000907-00000976": "In this task", "fwiRBGe3PTA-00001-00000976-00001297": "you'll be looking at the meta-data section of spatial data when data is", "fwiRBGe3PTA-00002-00001297-00001416": "purchased or downloaded", "fwiRBGe3PTA-00003-00001416-00001847": "from an organization or an agency we expect to have a complete dataset", "fwiRBGe3PTA-00004-00001847-00002153": "this includes the spatial data and the attribute data", "fwiRBGe3PTA-00005-00002153-00002521": "along with the meta-data meta data is data about data", "fwiRBGe3PTA-00006-00002521-00002879": "and is the one sure way we can understand the source", "fwiRBGe3PTA-00007-00002879-00003252": "how a data set was created what scale it was created at", "fwiRBGe3PTA-00008-00003252-00003694": "what the special references what kind accuracy we can expect", "fwiRBGe3PTA-00009-00003694-00004089": "and so on all datasets have some error associated with them", "fwiRBGe3PTA-00010-00004089-00004444": "after all they're simplified models at the real world not the real world", "fwiRBGe3PTA-00011-00004444-00004855": "we need to be able to determine if a dataset accuracy in scales acceptable", "fwiRBGe3PTA-00012-00004855-00004952": "for our project", "fwiRBGe3PTA-00013-00004952-00005453": "so here I have QGIS desktop open with the US census metropolitan areas of New", "fwiRBGe3PTA-00014-00005453-00005607": "Mexico shapefile loaded.", "fwiRBGe3PTA-00015-00005607-00005985": "As you've seen in previous labs I can open the Layer Properties", "fwiRBGe3PTA-00016-00005985-00006321": "and go to the meta-data tab", "fwiRBGe3PTA-00017-00006321-00006620": "to see some basic information regarding the layer", "fwiRBGe3PTA-00018-00006620-00006978": "this is more like basic features of the layer rather than the actual", "fwiRBGe3PTA-00019-00006978-00007089": "meta-data", "fwiRBGe3PTA-00020-00007089-00007470": "meta data is a US federal standard maintained by the federal geographic", "fwiRBGe3PTA-00021-00007470-00007591": "data committee", "fwiRBGe3PTA-00022-00007591-00007900": "one of the files that composes a shapefile", "fwiRBGe3PTA-00023-00007900-00008214": "is a metadata file it can take several forms", "fwiRBGe3PTA-00024-00008214-00008847": "text HTML or XML these can be opened in a text editor or a web browser", "fwiRBGe3PTA-00025-00008847-00009178": "however there's also a QGIS plugin to read edit meta data", "fwiRBGe3PTA-00026-00009178-00009569": "called Metatools so Im going to close the layer properties for this", "fwiRBGe3PTA-00027-00009569-00009980": "and Im going to install this meta tools plugin i'll go to the plugins menu", "fwiRBGe3PTA-00028-00009980-00010331": "manage install plugins need to go to the settings", "fwiRBGe3PTA-00029-00010331-00010739": "tab and make sure that show experimental plugins checked", "fwiRBGe3PTA-00030-00010739-00011095": "because this is going to be an experimental plugin than a switch to the", "fwiRBGe3PTA-00031-00011095-00011175": "Alt Tab", "fwiRBGe3PTA-00032-00011175-00011563": "and I'll type in meta until I find", "fwiRBGe3PTA-00033-00011563-00011864": "the meta tools plugin select it", "fwiRBGe3PTA-00034-00011864-00012775": "and click install plugin", "fwiRBGe3PTA-00035-00012775-00012998": "okay so the plugin was installed successfully", "fwiRBGe3PTA-00036-00012998-00013319": "so go ahead and close the plugin manager", "fwiRBGe3PTA-00037-00013319-00013691": "too although this is an experimental plugin", "fwiRBGe3PTA-00038-00013691-00014073": "it is well conceived in very useful it loads a toolbar", "fwiRBGe3PTA-00039-00014073-00014451": "with several tools on it if you're on a Windows computer the Python console", "fwiRBGe3PTA-00040-00014451-00014803": "needs to be open for the plugin to operate so click to", "fwiRBGe3PTA-00041-00014803-00015106": "Python console click the", "fwiRBGe3PTA-00042-00015106-00015437": "Help button I'll make sure my layer selected", "fwiRBGe3PTA-00043-00015437-00015855": "and a click on the View metadata button and the metadata viewer opens", "fwiRBGe3PTA-00044-00015855-00016392": "across the top of the", "fwiRBGe3PTA-00045-00016392-00016879": "metadata viewer you'll see the six tabs these correspond to the six major", "fwiRBGe3PTA-00046-00016879-00017183": "sections of the FGDC Metadata standard which are", "fwiRBGe3PTA-00047-00017183-00017672": "identification information which includes the data title and abstract", "fwiRBGe3PTA-00048-00017672-00018020": "data quality information which is information about the accuracy and", "fwiRBGe3PTA-00049-00018020-00018378": "precision as a data including the processing steps taken to produce it", "fwiRBGe3PTA-00050-00018378-00018809": "the spatial organization which is information about file format", "fwiRBGe3PTA-00051-00018809-00019191": "special reference information which is to coordinate reference system including", "fwiRBGe3PTA-00052-00019191-00019535": "projection coordinate system dataum and other parameters", "fwiRBGe3PTA-00053-00019535-00019993": "entity in attribute information witch are explanations on the field types and data", "fwiRBGe3PTA-00054-00019993-00020175": "contained within each attribute column", "fwiRBGe3PTA-00055-00020175-00020543": "and finally distribution information which is contact information for the", "fwiRBGe3PTA-00056-00020543-00020629": "dataProvider", "fwiRBGe3PTA-00057-00020629-00021082": "so I'll scroll down here and I'll click on description which provides an", "fwiRBGe3PTA-00058-00021082-00021251": "abstract and purpose for the data", "fwiRBGe3PTA-00059-00021251-00021651": "this viewer is incompletely parsing the meta-data file", "fwiRBGe3PTA-00060-00021651-00022020": "hopefully future versions of this plugin will improve this area", "fwiRBGe3PTA-00061-00022020-00022448": "for example if I click on the data quality section", "fwiRBGe3PTA-00062-00022448-00022935": "its black let's take a look at the raw XML metadata file the web browser", "fwiRBGe3PTA-00063-00022935-00023294": "so I have this open and Microsoft Internet Explorer", "fwiRBGe3PTA-00064-00023294-00023604": "This is certainly harder to look at then the parsed", "fwiRBGe3PTA-00065-00023604-00023940": "display in the meta tools your but fortunately", "fwiRBGe3PTA-00066-00023940-00024268": "all meta data records have the same sections in the same order", "fwiRBGe3PTA-00067-00024268-00024570": "so once your familiar with the structure of a meta data record", "fwiRBGe3PTA-00068-00024570-00025056": "it becomes pretty easy to find things so first we see the abstract which we're", "fwiRBGe3PTA-00069-00025056-00025132": "just looking at", "fwiRBGe3PTA-00070-00025132-00025503": "all scroll down past that until I find the data quality section", "fwiRBGe3PTA-00071-00025503-00025920": "which is right here", "fwiRBGe3PTA-00072-00025920-00026307": "this section contains the logical consistency report which details the", "fwiRBGe3PTA-00073-00026307-00026520": "test used to determine the data quality", "fwiRBGe3PTA-00074-00026520-00027011": "slightly further down to find attributes section with these attr tags", "fwiRBGe3PTA-00075-00027011-00027445": "in this section details all of the atribute columns too often in a dataset", "fwiRBGe3PTA-00076-00027445-00027820": "column names will be truncated short and this is where you can", "fwiRBGe3PTA-00077-00027820-00028145": "go to determine what is contained in each attribute column", "fwiRBGe3PTA-00078-00028145-00028810": "now bring up QGIS desk top again I'll close this viewer", "fwiRBGe3PTA-00079-00028810-00029227": "and I'll click on the Edit metadata button expand this metadata tag", "fwiRBGe3PTA-00080-00029227-00029570": "you'll see the six FGDC metadata sections", "fwiRBGe3PTA-00081-00029570-00029981": "so this tool can be used edit metadata file I can expand", "fwiRBGe3PTA-00082-00029981-00030345": "data quality for example I see the logical consistency report", "fwiRBGe3PTA-00083-00030345-00030986": "and I could add to this if I needed to I'll close this", "fwiRBGe3PTA-00084-00030986-00031329": "they're also import and export meta data buttons", "fwiRBGe3PTA-00085-00031329-00031693": "which allow you to save out a copy of the meta-data many organizations will", "fwiRBGe3PTA-00086-00031693-00031848": "set up a metadata template", "fwiRBGe3PTA-00087-00031848-00032232": "with items that will be the same for metadata file metadata file such as", "fwiRBGe3PTA-00088-00032232-00032367": "contact information", "fwiRBGe3PTA-00089-00032367-00032720": "if you have such a template you could use the import tool to import the", "fwiRBGe3PTA-00090-00032720-00032824": "meta-data template", "fwiRBGe3PTA-00091-00032824-00033277": "into the meta tools viewer the metadata editer can then be used to complete the record", "fwiRBGe3PTA-00092-00033277-00033516": "in the next task we'll work on data aggregation"}}, {"audio_id": "fwnrLOzvLqU", "text": {"fwnrLOzvLqU-00000-00000029-00000969": "Go. Correct. Okay. So again, this is the October 25 share call call and", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00001-00001086-00001682": "They've got a few folks on already. And here's notes from last time recording on YouTube as well.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00002-00001889-00002643": "Pretty tight agenda are slim agenda here today. But like we have any newcomers.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00003-00002736-00002883": "Probably don't need to do roll call.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00004-00002949-00003069": "Since we know everyone", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00005-00003414-00003960": "Terms of looking at the action items from last time. So we did have a call.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00006-00004116-00004626": "With a few folks kind of looking through getting the shared environment setup.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00007-00004854-00004944": "And then", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00008-00005085-00005853": "Going over how the harvesting framework works etc talked a little bit about how to start getting folks ramped up", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00009-00006102-00006981": "I think everyone is pretty much said, at least at Virginia Tech those on the call getting there. No there no red shirt red environment so that great.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00010-00007406-00007602": "It silences acceptance.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00011-00007745-00007898": "Sounds to the yes I assume", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00012-00008159-00008997": "I think I had something and update to show today. I think Ryan, can you, you said you had something to share as well. Right.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00013-00009036-00009270": "Yeah, I came have a demo. And you should be joining us shortly.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00014-00009303-00009372": "I'm in here.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00015-00009393-00009429": "Oh, you are", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00016-00009498-00010143": "Okay and I'm anyone's have anything else to mention before we go.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00017-00010332-00010500": "Did you want to assign a note taker first", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00018-00010566-00010641": "Yes, thank you.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00019-00010872-00011040": "Willing to take notes here.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00020-00011172-00011385": "Ideally, that me since I'm facilitating", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00021-00011436-00011508": "I can take notes.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00022-00011556-00011724": "Thank you, harsh. Alright.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00023-00011850-00011928": "So,", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00024-00012120-00013353": "One thing that I made progress on even since the call earlier last week was looking a little bit more at the harvesting", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00025-00013413-00015105": "Framework. So, some of this is repeat some of it is new. Essentially what is set up now is looking with cross ref as a example of this. Essentially, it takes a configuration, pull that up.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00026-00015266-00017034": "From this GMO file here and it feeds the URL that it should use and then names of the various properties to pull a few different things from. And so far I am pulling craters and titles.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00027-00017214-00018234": "So kind of looking at how that works. It's taking in the MO file here, pushing that into the environment configuration.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00028-00018357-00018696": "Then it's making a call on the on cross ref", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00029-00018810-00019020": "splitting up the items here.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00030-00019161-00019980": "And then actually pulling the traders and titles sold. So let me just try running this really quick. So you can see how it looks at the moment.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00031-00020145-00020805": "Make sure everything's there looks like it is in clear out the book windows here.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00032-00021027-00021099": "Looks", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00033-00021249-00021279": "So,", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00034-00021429-00021465": "Okay.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00035-00021624-00022323": "So it just kicking it off and then generates all these messages and the very first one", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00036-00022428-00022677": "Shows the actual configuration being loaded", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00037-00022794-00023877": "Into an object. So you've got, you know, all the things prepared as author. So doing this mapping given name is to author God given and my name is auto family etc URL there.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00038-00024006-00025314": "And then on down. So all these is actually just pulling out a debug message at various points in the process. So this is the next one here are actually actually for some reason. It's like splitting the order of these, but", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00039-00025431-00025635": "This one is actually this one here.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00040-00025743-00026400": "So this is what the work looks like coming out of cross RAF so it's got", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00041-00026562-00027669": "Things like a create an object to Title array, an author array. So, like this one, same little sharp as well as Joseph Kony", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00042-00027813-00028587": "So then looking at how it's actually parsing that it is getting the craters that into an array and getting give names. HEY, MO sharp", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00043-00028779-00030066": "Cetera, and also getting the the titles as well. And just to prove to you that is actually using the configuration. I'm gonna swap these really fast.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00044-00030858-00030975": "Save this", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00045-00031176-00031470": "So we've got Sam with sharp there so", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00046-00031731-00031905": "It's works though should be swapped.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00047-00032280-00034344": "And I didn't have to redeploy the code or anything. It's just looking at that. That one yellow files the configuration again will see that. And here they are indeed swap by accident, and then looking at the creators, it does then have Samuels finally am sharp is given name so", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00048-00034473-00034626": "So the idea here is that", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00049-00034749-00035448": "For any time kind of mappings that we do for pulling things out across cetera", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00050-00035646-00036549": "With then define those mapping files, it would then be fed into the workflow. The workflow would key in on whatever approved property was", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00051-00036609-00038169": "And then split that out and to pull out the code, the way it looks at the moment, it's still needs improvement, but it's at least functional and doesn't handle every case as Sara Lee, but essentially it's grabbing the configuration.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00052-00038376-00039480": "For given and family name. It's interesting, where it's actually pulling from a few forays so I'm doing a little bit of messy code here that needs to be cleaned up. Still, but essentially", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00053-00039621-00040764": "It's doing a and that's to do a parsing this author dot family just so it's doing a split on that, but then it saying, okay, I want to get the author is assuming that's an array at the moment.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00054-00040839-00041598": "And then it's actually saying get me family here or get me actually give me give and get my family there.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00055-00041841-00042390": "The, the titles looks much simpler at the moment, since it's just one thing.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00056-00042609-00043209": "But it is also something similar, where it has to grab an array of various titles. So there are", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00057-00043341-00044589": "Think there's at least some titles that have more than one object in them and trying to remember, but it is being returned as an array. Anyhow, so like here's another example of the title that's being returned", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00058-00044676-00044847": "And with a question. Sure. Sure.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00059-00044874-00045681": "So the file that you added the workflow file you added to GitHub, the last time last week. Does this code to", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00060-00045729-00046143": "It does not because this code is actually new as of 10 minutes to go.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00061-00046218-00046647": "Okay, so then all you could have to do is like just update that workflow to for someone", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00062-00046647-00046806": "Yes, this", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00063-00046839-00046995": "Yep, so I will push that up.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00064-00047067-00047169": "To get to this.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00065-00047199-00047910": "Perfect, yeah. But, but, again, like I've, I've been working working working to get time to work on this. And I actually just", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00066-00047973-00049026": "Added these improvements in the last hour or so. So also, just another testament to how how easy this is how this is this is going to be is what for what we're looking at.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00067-00049077-00049611": "The other thing that you'll notice here is that at the moment. These are being split up in separate results.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00068-00049692-00051285": "And the next thing that was going to be looking at was merging those into one object. So then the same object would have like the craters and titles and then the idea there is that we would feed that into whichever persistence layer is it that's the other end, for sure.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00069-00051416-00051540": "So any questions on this.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00070-00051690-00053175": "Heidi. I have one question. Sure. Well, while I was writing one hour resto so I started with unpayable API and API requires so you can only fetch using a do I", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00071-00053265-00054447": "One, do I at a time. So one problem I faced was like, if I have a list of 1000 do is, how can I make my harvester like run one at a time like", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00072-00054621-00054873": "Like I have a list of URLs for do is", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00073-00054924-00054963": "I want", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00074-00055032-00055194": "To run one by one for each", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00075-00055329-00055734": "Like this, this list could be external input also to the system, but", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00076-00055764-00055989": "Sure, sure. All in one", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00077-00056088-00056405": "Yeah, I think this splitter node.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00078-00056529-00056874": "What is is is the is something that would do it.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00079-00057039-00057564": "And I think you know kind of what this so so this. So looking at this, so I'm just thinking out loud right now.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00080-00057798-00058476": "So like the right hair I'm, I'm saying split on message payload. And as soon as that it's an array.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00081-00058742-00059601": "So then it actually does each of these following things in the workflow one time for each so like if you put the splitter.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00082-00059748-00061422": "Earlier in the process and said, Okay, I'm going to say the DUI is this and then run through all of the whatever workflow, you have, I think it would work. To do that, you would just need to have it being float in as some kind of", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00083-00061569-00062216": "Object and like this, probably, I was also using like a property thing like this where it's", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00084-00062388-00063345": "Like right here I'm setting the URL that is coming from that yellow file to the URL that it's expecting", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00085-00063453-00064197": "So like in this one. It's then using like it's it's just keying off of that particular property. It's the one that happens to be looking for.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00086-00064272-00065625": "So, because I know that I'm sending it beforehand but like depending on whichever property, you're doing that was I think that would be the things he would have like the splitter. Plus, like, then the setting the property. Okay, Justin.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00087-00065868-00065901": "So,", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00088-00065952-00066576": "Is the question that you're trying to find a way to sort of like sleep in between iterations.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00089-00066642-00068529": "So, so I found that this inject API does do the periodic thing but cause the same thing every time at every time period. I wanted to call us a different URL at equal interval of time, like every minute. I want to fetch one URL, but that you are a little bit different.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00090-00068580-00068817": "Right. So my suggestion would be to", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00091-00068943-00069450": "Write the function yourself. I think I there might be some sort of like cues that you could use that would help.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00092-00069576-00070521": "But I'm not sure if that's readily available in red, but somebody may have certainly written it, I look through the, through like the", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00093-00070656-00071862": "The library or the node modules or the node modules available on the MPM you know library and see if there's anything that works for the use case, we're looking for.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00094-00072486-00072687": "That's pretty much what I had for that one.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00095-00073035-00073083": "Agenda", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00096-00073236-00073269": "Go.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00097-00073728-00074619": "Here I am trying to capture as much detail as I can on the meeting minutes but some of them are are very new to me. So please add details as necessary.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00098-00075063-00075366": "So it was a good time to hand up the rain or can then", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00099-00075729-00075852": "It will stop sharing", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00100-00076038-00076389": "Yeah, definitely. I can take over to second, let me was unpayable", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00101-00077136-00077226": "I can read this part.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00102-00077277-00077361": "Okay, go for it. Yeah.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00103-00078240-00078285": "Screen.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00104-00079917-00080115": "Okay, so everyone can see my screen.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00105-00080247-00080277": "Yes.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00106-00080328-00080571": "And can you see the terminal that just appeared above it.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00107-00080757-00080784": "No.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00108-00080955-00081072": "It's not super important. I can just", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00109-00081072-00081558": "describe what's happening. So basically I'm just running a. So the way that", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00110-00081636-00082659": "Decentralized networks usually work is that it's a comment. It's like a whole bunch of notes are talking to each other. Right. But when you join that network, you need a way to learn about a lot of notes really fast.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00111-00082692-00082872": "So what's usually used for that is it.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00112-00082872-00083448": "bootstrap node which is basically just a very highly connected. Note that almost every other node is connected to", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00113-00083505-00084516": "And that facilitates a very easy process of discovering a lot of other nodes really quickly. It's kind of like a game directions or a, you know, looking to the index of a book or something.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00114-00084672-00085263": "And the idea though is that if that bootstrap node goes down, then everything keeps running", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00115-00085314-00086151": "Everything's still connected to each other and you can still retrieve information from the network because it's not stored on that note, the note is just the glossary the directory for all the other notes are", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00116-00086325-00086544": "So with that in mind.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00117-00086772-00087438": "This is a note that spun up in the browser. And so what we can do is actually open up a whole bunch of these.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00118-00087723-00087822": "And you'll see", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00119-00088353-00088413": "One second.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00120-00089568-00089685": "Come back to me in a few minutes.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00121-00090018-00090159": "something's not quite working right here.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00122-00090207-00090390": "That's how it always happens. And, you know, isn't it.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00123-00090402-00090453": "Yeah.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00124-00090681-00090705": "Okay.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00125-00090894-00090954": "Sorry about that.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00126-00091140-00091248": "Let's stop sharing for a second.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00127-00091827-00091953": "And figure out what's going on.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00128-00092367-00092448": "Right. Do you want to go ahead", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00129-00092880-00092991": "With the standard both of us.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00130-00093051-00093090": "Okay.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00131-00093435-00093456": "Well,", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00132-00093645-00093957": "We can always you can only share your screen, we can see your anchor.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00133-00093996-00094032": "I got it.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00134-00094089-00094143": "I got working", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00135-00094413-00094539": "Okay, so let me share my screen again.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00136-00095280-00095409": "So let's take a second.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00137-00096180-00096975": "Okay, so these are, this is the list of nodes which are the other browser windows that are currently open that are connected to this one. So one of these is the bootstrap node.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00138-00097098-00098265": "Is right here. And then the other one is the the other browser window that's open. It's connected. So if we open up another browser window with the same URL. So it's basically just pulling the same JavaScript.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00139-00098406-00099093": "You know, we'll see another one pop up. So this is connected to two other browser tabs that I have open and also the", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00140-00099213-00100317": "The Bootstrap node. Currently, so that's all well and good, but you also have to be able to input and retrieve information. So let's say we want to put a value in", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00141-00100533-00100689": "And so it stores that value as a hash.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00142-00100881-00101019": "And then if we take that hash.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00143-00101241-00101481": "We can retrieve it from any of these other nodes.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00144-00101883-00102054": "And it will retrieve that value.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00145-00102234-00102873": "This is pretty cool. But what's really cool is if I stopped the bootstrap node. So the central thing that everyone's connected to", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00146-00103014-00103299": "I can still input more information.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00147-00104463-00104691": "And retrieve that information from other windows.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00148-00105195-00105450": "So basically the the", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00149-00105710-00106358": "The, the moral of the story is that we have a working demo of multiple in browser.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00150-00106488-00107265": "I guess like torrent notes, essentially, talking to each other and they can talk across networks and if a central node goes down.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00151-00107325-00108252": "Like if the central essentially a quote unquote server goes down, they can still talk to each other. So it provides that level of persistence and of decentralization, we've been looking for.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00152-00108531-00108594": "It's basically a", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00153-00109061-00109641": "Cool. And then like like to take the step from like a browser tab.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00154-00109749-00110052": "Versus like a server, like what is the like transition for that.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00155-00110097-00110292": "Oh, so a server is actually easier.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00156-00110454-00110889": "It's, it's very easy to run a similar sort of thing on a server.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00157-00111015-00111924": "But I can make a demo of that to the idea is that people will be able to do either or, I think eventually and they can help facilitate things just by having a browser tab open", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00158-00111948-00112872": "Where they could lose download things by having a browser tab open and then be able to host files by keeping a server. Open the guy a server node.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00159-00113064-00113454": "Camera you wasn't shooting for doing a server demo on the next call", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00160-00113577-00113928": "I could, I would definitely give it a shot.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00161-00114144-00114279": "You don't have to. I'm just making notes.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00162-00114324-00114855": "Oh yeah, um, let's say, I would say, possibly", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00163-00115023-00115479": "There's a it's definitely on the table, but okay. I don't need to push on that.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00164-00115764-00116046": "And it has to do with how much time I have available to me.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00165-00116568-00116643": "And where", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00166-00116781-00117129": "Where is this code going as long as it's somewhere and get together.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00167-00117192-00117324": "I'll throw it on Share soon.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00168-00117432-00117540": "It's not good right now though.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00169-00117576-00118080": "Okay, okay, we'll put it in that chair research org as as a new repo or", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00170-00118133-00118218": "I probably. Yeah.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00171-00118245-00118272": "Okay.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00172-00118545-00118658": "All right, so", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00173-00118760-00119289": "Maybe you can just shoot to something to discord ensure def one that's that's up", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00174-00119333-00119400": "Most definitely.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00175-00120798-00121455": "Alright, so I think that was the bulk of what we had planned so far for today. I", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00176-00121731-00122408": "Think the other thing dimension. So like harsh reference some things on GitHub.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00177-00122598-00122643": "One.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00178-00122793-00123066": "I'll just pull it up since I don't have it open. It's like", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00179-00123291-00124200": "So all these things are on GitHub share research and the stuff that I've been working on is currently in the API schemas repo.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00180-00124347-00124473": "So if you go into there.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00181-00124647-00125379": "There's a few different things going into the mappings. There's here's one version of that yellow file.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00182-00125660-00126282": "And then the others are pretty much not in play there and", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00183-00126483-00126683": "The actual flows.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00184-00126699-00126903": "We push those up to a different spot.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00185-00127211-00127428": "So it's only this share read flows.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00186-00127539-00127602": "So,", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00187-00127830-00128532": "This is then a version of what I just demo, but it doesn't have the latest updates. So I will push an update.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00188-00128778-00129086": "So the demo, you gave, Rick.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00189-00129120-00129846": "Yeah, so if I want to do the same thing on my machine. I would have to get the shared flows GitHub repository and", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00190-00129846-00130083": "The schema poetry to work together with it.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00191-00130248-00130614": "Yes, that that will so the, so really the", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00192-00130719-00131739": "You technically at the moment. You don't need to to get stuff from the, from the harvest flows. All you really need is the API schemas one", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00193-00131874-00132900": "Because you can actually just copy and paste. What's in the file here and then push when you're in", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00194-00133050-00133194": "Node read, let me go there.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00195-00133359-00134613": "You can just import to there. So if I say import and if you have it in your clipboard, then you can just paste it in and it will actually will will put all in there.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00196-00134805-00135759": "But that I think we want to have a better mechanism for that as we're going to be doing some real version control around this stuff. So I think those are the things that we're that we need to figure out", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00197-00135864-00135978": "How to actually be", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00198-00136080-00136464": "Using that flow directly from where it's pulling from from GitHub.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00199-00136551-00136725": "So is that an action item for", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00200-00136746-00136800": "That is that", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00201-00136809-00136902": "Is an action item.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00202-00136947-00137499": "Yeah, so that actually, that's a pretty good action item for someone else to take. They want to try to figure that out.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00203-00137667-00137901": "Could you frame it for me, a sentence.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00204-00137943-00138942": "Sure, sure. So, so it is taking the flow that is in GitHub and then being able to", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00205-00139272-00141396": "Have share read. Look at that file that flow configuration directly from the file that's coming from GitHub as opposed to having to push it to note read in its in its internal configuration. I'll show you where it's actually getting it now let me do something, Michelle.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00206-00141699-00141801": "So,", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00207-00141963-00143310": "I think it's in this the this note read directory. Yes. So whatever your route is for users. So I'm on a Mac with, you know, Linux Linux based right and if I do", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00208-00143568-00143622": "Your", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00209-00143946-00144282": "It is looking at this flows live", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00210-00144435-00144708": "JSON as the main thing feeding that", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00211-00144831-00145479": "I think there is like a configuration for that maybe it's in settings.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00212-00145587-00146046": "To change that so that there is a configuration telling it were to actually grab", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00213-00146157-00147012": "That the whatever flows to load. So that would be the other thing to to research is how to update that configuration to point to", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00214-00147129-00147327": "The flows that we want to load from GitHub.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00215-00147555-00147669": "I can run with dedryck", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00216-00147759-00147822": "That sounds great.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00217-00148401-00150012": "Um, based on what we discussed earlier about like not having a, like a place to do like JIRA project management for this. Is that a thing you want to think we should discuss now or come back to it later. Or I'm kind of determine if there's an action item that", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00218-00150012-00150633": "Sure, sure, there is actually we do actually have a few issues on the share read repo.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00219-00150750-00151119": "Where we had put some things, this is, this is it. This is right place, isn't it.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00220-00151398-00151575": "Seeing it some reason.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00221-00151746-00151896": "Cam Ryan is this right place", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00222-00152013-00152463": "Yeah, it is. I'm trying to, I'm kind of see it too. It's not showing up for some reason. That's weird. Let me, let me see if I can find right", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00223-00152619-00152796": "I'm not quite sure this is the right repo.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00224-00152802-00153126": "Is it not the repo, honey. Let me go back. Let's see.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00225-00153183-00153507": "Just show maybe the, oh, it's just the share one. That's right.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00226-00153657-00153831": "Yeah. And there are some issues in here now.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00227-00154266-00154509": "Yes up. So if you want to go ahead and create that", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00228-00154695-00154893": "Issue in here, harsh.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00229-00155229-00155634": "I can make sure you have rights to do that if you it will not let you", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00230-00155706-00155736": "Okay.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00231-00155748-00155847": "We can take that offline.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00232-00156774-00157290": "Yeah, there's definitely some some stale tickets in here now that need to be looked up.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00233-00157398-00158223": "Be at the. So at the moment, we have I think it's, you have the one project and we haven't done anything like", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00234-00158433-00158664": "With waffle or anything like that, we certainly could.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00235-00159102-00159174": "Opinions", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00236-00159279-00159315": "On that", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00237-00159759-00161496": "I feel like we we could just continue using this issue space for now. And then once we get into a more collaborative set where the multiple people from different Institute's are working together on things. And like we can formalize more like what projects and what might have. Sure.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00238-00161514-00161589": "Sure, sure.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00239-00161595-00161679": "That sounds good. Yeah.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00240-00161886-00162018": "We were raised was up.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00241-00162081-00162261": "It was just, I agree. I think", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00242-00162747-00162984": "Okay, go back to the", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00243-00163287-00164013": "All right, good security got some action items on there and I have the actual having to push my code up as well.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00244-00165378-00165705": "Anything else for today doesn't have to go for the whole hour", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00245-00165987-00166797": "Um, I can just like want to bring attention to, like, three action items and one of them is tentative for cam based on how much time he is able to", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00246-00166866-00167988": "You know, find in the next month or so, but I would expect like that we would discuss these things on on next tech call and just make sure we close all these action items on the next call", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00247-00168039-00168072": "Sure.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00248-00168081-00168603": "Sure. Is there anything else I missed based on what anybody sees in the meeting minutes please feel free to add", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00249-00168780-00168906": "And thank you for taking notes.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00250-00169056-00169878": "To our next call is that, and normally we've had these scheduled every four weeks, but this one got pushed back week so the next one is actually in three weeks.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00251-00169953-00170907": "And I was also just thinking about the ask the question of whether we should have another call in between the next one. Or if we should have these be slightly more frequent", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00252-00171030-00171579": "Than every four weeks, but since the next one is in three weeks, we can probably count on that one.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00253-00171846-00171915": "Sounds good to me.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00254-00172167-00174078": "But if we, but if it does make sense to have like something similar to what we had on the past week where we just did a little bit of more deep dive into getting configuration setup, etc. We could have something like that. Any call for anything like that at the moment.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00255-00174693-00174729": "Okay.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00256-00174759-00175410": "The one thing I want to ask is, like, so as we as we going to be working through before in the next couple of weeks.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00257-00175416-00176565": "What is a way to just add something to the next call agenda thing. Hey, I thought about this. I was doing this. Let me just add it to the agenda. Is there a place I should go and create a document to look at an existing document and just added to the agenda.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00258-00176688-00177141": "I will create a skeleton of the agenda for next time. So, and then send it out.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00259-00177198-00177399": "That sounds good. I can be another action item for me.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00260-00177531-00178041": "And I'm looking at the notes on this one itself. And there was a nice night Leo.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00261-00178047-00178284": "To follow up with colleagues at just on", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00262-00178290-00178470": "Open your licensing, that's something", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00263-00178821-00178944": "For the TODAY, LEO", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00264-00179019-00179388": "Um, yeah, I can. I mean, I can briefly mention what I", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00265-00179448-00180540": "found out it was not a massive task, obviously. Um, so, I mean, last time we were discussing that the open door service has been more or less recently been updated to a sort of the two", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00266-00180555-00180891": "Version, which is also more heavily branded as logistics service.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00267-00180936-00181275": "And previously, what isn't stated clearly on that service, though, is that", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00268-00181551-00181842": "However, remains that", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00269-00181851-00182079": "Also the V2 service, the same", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00270-00182175-00182607": "noncommercial share alike license that the original", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00271-00182754-00183399": "Open Door. So this has used, and as far as I know, my understanding was that I think", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00272-00183510-00184314": "Rick your and Jeff's kind of concerned was. I mean, you've you've basically got the interest quite strongly to harvest data from open door.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00273-00184431-00185028": "You see the limitation that in the sense that you don't you yourself don't want to limit.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00274-00185139-00185736": "Your users to non commercial purposes, is that that's the core of the discussion if I understood it correctly do", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00275-00185745-00186462": "Right, that that's correct. So we wanted want to maintain that share can be used for commercial and non commercial", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00276-00186483-00186519": "Yeah.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00277-00186525-00187866": "Yeah. Regardless um okay i mean it's, again, I think, from I mean he needed the indication from from our team from the Sherpa team who manage also the Open Data open door service.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00278-00187980-00189051": "Is that you know we can discuss and see basically what we can do. And I think that's it's probably valuable to to at least do this. Um, I guess it", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00279-00189141-00191238": "And that's really sort of slightly speculated from my side, and it will partly I guess also depend on you know more basically is are the chances of people using it reusing the data for heavily commercial purpose and I would assume they're relatively slim at this stage.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00280-00191274-00191502": "Right now. No, it's just, again, just", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00281-00191613-00191739": "That's just my argument.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00282-00191784-00191820": "Sure.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00283-00192063-00193098": "But I am remembering now that this is not the, the only example of data that we would have been in chair, though, as well, if we're thinking about", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00284-00193233-00193443": "A loading data from Web of Science, for example.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00285-00193635-00194139": "That fits the same pattern and maybe it actually is not a big not a", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00286-00194481-00195996": "Big deal. So, so the way we have envisioned the usage of kind of the peer to peer notes like the stuff that I can demo earlier is that appear would request from another peer data.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00287-00196110-00196644": "Within a certain scope and then they would say, yes, you can have it for. No, you cannot.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00288-00196743-00197286": "Yeah. And I wonder if the open door data would just kind of fall as one", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00289-00197442-00197790": "Example of one particular use case that would tell what happened there.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00290-00198024-00198324": "You mean in the sense of what happened there.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00291-00198360-00198882": "Dr. Did like like so. So this like there might be, you know, this is this for commercial and non commercial purposes.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00292-00198921-00199098": "If non commercial could have the data.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00293-00199140-00199371": "Yeah its commercial you can, you cannot. Yeah.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00294-00199377-00199443": "Yeah.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00295-00199602-00200244": "Yeah, I mean, if you can, yeah. I guess he can kind of embed that somehow into your framework.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00296-00200403-00201387": "I guess that's, to me, that sounds sounds like quite an interesting case because me on the one hand, I certainly share the idea that, you know, that they should be as open as possible.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00297-00201426-00201876": "I'm not in us tricked sense. Again, that's my personal opinion.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00298-00201903-00201963": "Is very good", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00299-00201999-00202992": "The non commercial license, but of course that license is still relatively widely used in some area. So the problem will reoccur necessarily", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00300-00203325-00203412": "Yes, yes, yes.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00301-00203577-00204327": "So yeah, I mean, as I guess there's two yeah I'm probably fun with said it correctly. Basically to two ways two approaches. One is", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00302-00204381-00206325": "Having kind of the licensing discussion with us. And the other one is basically looking at whether what you can do about sort of evolving your note framework, um, to have the capacity to differentiate between different, um, basically access scenarios. Right, right, right, right.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00303-00206715-00207009": "Yeah, so it feels like there's some kind of action item there.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00304-00207117-00207162": "Yeah.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00305-00208254-00208554": "I can definitely do is again followed our", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00306-00208566-00208617": "Discussion.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00307-00209691-00209723": "Well,", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00308-00209802-00209853": "I don't", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00309-00209921-00210381": "Know, really, whether we've had any sort of precedence cases precedent cases.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00310-00210663-00211194": "Where you know we had some Initiative, a project using it.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00311-00211646-00211761": "On leaving basically", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00312-00211962-00212040": "We use us", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00313-00212232-00212355": "You know, right, right, right.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00314-00212367-00212433": "So, so", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00315-00214233-00214329": "That makes sense.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00316-00214365-00214425": "Yeah.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00317-00216858-00216957": "Is this description.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00318-00217371-00217590": "Just go to my browser, because it's larger than", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00319-00218109-00218148": "Yeah.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00320-00218511-00219009": "So, so I created a ticket in the the GitHub issues just we have a list.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00321-00219051-00219092": "Yeah, so", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00322-00219114-00219267": "We get to it when when it makes sense.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00323-00219396-00219480": "Good, yeah.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00324-00219561-00219705": "Okay, good.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00325-00220365-00220476": "Sure to capture", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00326-00220671-00221358": "And there are some action items at the bottom of this meeting minutes document, which I don't know if they are like necessary at this point.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00327-00221508-00221598": "Even for tonight. Yeah.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00328-00222288-00222408": "What happened carried over", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00329-00222630-00222744": "Yeah, these", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00330-00222942-00223446": "I think these are all stale. Now, just get rid of these", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00331-00223665-00224112": "Yeah, they're not they're not useful at the moment anymore.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00332-00224730-00224805": "There was the", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00333-00224979-00225063": "If we did that.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00334-00230621-00230652": "Okay.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00335-00230814-00230907": "Anything else for today.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00336-00231513-00231548": "Alright.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00337-00231698-00232212": "Cool. I was just going to add that taking making these recordings is a great idea.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00338-00232215-00232335": "And I find them very useful.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00339-00232485-00233073": "I just was watching the the the July call and it was able to come back to with questions for some people.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00340-00233253-00233385": "So we should keep mentioning during that", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00341-00233487-00234327": "Good. Good. Awesome. All right. Well, I will stop recording now and we'll get this one pushed up to YouTube as well.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00342-00234473-00234513": "Thank you.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00343-00234606-00235584": "And I'll send out some notes to the sheer dev list about link these notes as well as link to the agenda for the next call and I've got that.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00344-00235848-00235935": "All right. Thank you all.", "fwnrLOzvLqU-00345-00236025-00236061": "Perfect."}}, {"audio_id": "fwv6W4ozpkU", "text": {"fwv6W4ozpkU-00000-00000064-00000448": "It’s crazy when you think about all of the different kinds of food we eat.", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00001-00000448-00000776": "We just swallow and hope it all works out for the best.", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00002-00000840-00001072": "Well, it turns out there are better ways", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00003-00001072-00001352": "to think about keeping our bodies humming healthfully along.", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00004-00001408-00001607": "Welcome to Nutrition Facts.", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00005-00001607-00001848": "I’m your host Dr. Michael Greger.", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00006-00001936-00002200": "It’s time for the Nutrition Facts Grab Bag,", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00007-00002200-00002520": "where we look at the latest science on a whole variety of topics.", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00008-00002520-00002752": "We start with a story on how cannabis smoking", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00009-00002752-00003072": "may help with IBD symptoms in the short term.", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00010-00003184-00003504": "“Medical marijuana: A panacea or scourge?”", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00011-00003584-00003920": "For 5,000 years, cannabis has been used throughout the world", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00012-00003920-00004336": "for medicinal purposes, even prescribed by American physicians", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00013-00004336-00004688": "early on, a fact that’s often used by medical marijuana", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00014-00004688-00005000": "proponents to justify modern medical applications.", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00015-00005088-00005456": "But the field of old-timey medicine was fraught with", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00016-00005456-00005840": "patent medicine snake oil nonsense, not to mention bloodletting", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00017-00005840-00006056": "and other questionable and harmful remedies.", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00018-00006160-00006495": "Skeptics criticize the medical marijuana movement", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00019-00006495-00006872": "as the “medical excuse marijuana movement”,", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00020-00006872-00007200": "insinuating that epileptic children and the terminally ill", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00021-00007200-00007552": "are just being used as props to Trojan horse in the", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00022-00007552-00008048": "egalization of recreational use, or to peddle outlandish claims", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00023-00008048-00008448": "about “miracle cancer cures,” frustrating researchers", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00024-00008448-00008712": "in the field who just want to get at the science.", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00025-00008808-00009032": "For example, what about the therapeutic use", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00026-00009032-00009296": "of cannabis for inflammatory bowel diseases", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00027-00009296-00009552": "like Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis?", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00028-00009632-00009880": "Conventional therapies mainly work by suppressing", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00029-00009880-00010192": "the immune system to try to tamp down the inflammation.", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00030-00010288-00010616": "Given the limited therapy options and known adverse side effects", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00031-00010616-00011016": "from these drugs, often people suffering these diseases ended up", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00032-00011016-00011392": "having to get inflamed sections of their bowels removed surgically,", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00033-00011392-00011816": "so you can see why there’s so much interest in alternative approaches.", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00034-00011928-00012320": "About one in six IBD patients who use marijuana say it helps", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00035-00012320-00012824": "with their symptoms, so researchers decided to put it to the test.", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00036-00012824-00013072": "Thirteen patients with inflammatory bowel disease were given", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00037-00013072-00013368": "a third of a pound of marijuana to smoke at their leisure", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00038-00013368-00013832": "over a period of 3 months, and they felt significantly better.", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00039-00013919-00014128": "Now there was no control group, so you don’t know if", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00040-00014128-00014296": "they would have gotten better anyway,", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00041-00014296-00014536": "or what role the placebo effect may have played.", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00042-00014624-00014832": "It’s like some of the studies of cannabis used", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00043-00014832-00015344": "for pediatric epilepsy: response rates of over 30 percent,", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00044-00015344-00015712": "seizure frequency cut in half in a third of the kids.", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00045-00015712-00016200": "That’s amazing until you realize you can sometimes get", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00046-00016200-00016568": "the same kind of amazing response giving kids nothing,", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00047-00016624-00016888": "giving them a sugar pill placebo.", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00048-00016984-00017320": "That’s why it’s critical to do randomized, double-blind,", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00049-00017320-00017632": "placebo-controlled trials, but there weren’t any", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00050-00017632-00018112": "on cannabis and IBD until 2013.", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00051-00018200-00018472": "Twenty-one patients with Crohn’s disease for which nothing", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00052-00018472-00018944": "seemed to help, so they randomized them to either", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00053-00018944-00019424": "smoke 2 joints a day of real pot or a look-alike placebo pot.", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00054-00019512-00019928": "And 90 percent of the subjects in the cannabis group got better,", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00055-00019928-00020160": "compared to only 40 percent in the placebo group.", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00056-00020244-00020528": "The cannabis group like cut their symptoms in half.", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00057-00020680-00021072": "They acknowledge that long-term cannabis use is not without risks,", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00058-00021072-00021352": "but it may be a cakewalk compared to the potential adverse", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00059-00021352-00021560": "and even life-threatening side effects of some of the", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00060-00021560-00021960": "more powerful conventional therapies, so the study was heralded", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00061-00021960-00022328": "as offering “High Hope” for digestive disorders.", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00062-00022448-00022936": "Now the study was funded by a medical marijuana advocacy organization,", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00063-00022936-00023312": "in fact the main supplier in the country, and so there may have been", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00064-00023312-00023640": "expectations placed on the subjects on how much better this stuff", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00065-00023640-00023792": "is going to make them feel", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00066-00023792-00024128": "(in other words a set-up for the placebo effect).", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00067-00024240-00024416": "But they controlled for that, right?", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00068-00024416-00024744": "Those getting the real stuff did significantly better", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00069-00024744-00024984": "than those randomized to get the placebo pot.", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00070-00025104-00025432": "But wait a second. The whole point of a placebo", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00071-00025496-00025783": "is to be indistinguishable from the real thing,", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00072-00025783-00026039": "so the subjects don’t know which group they’re really in.", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00073-00026127-00026416": "How do you do that with a psychoactive drug?", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00074-00026495-00027008": "You can’t, which is the problem. They tried to hide", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00075-00027008-00027295": "which group people were in by recruiting only patients", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00076-00027295-00027639": "who never tried pot before in hopes that they wouldn’t notice,", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00077-00027639-00027808": "but of course most of them did.", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00078-00027895-00028272": "So what we’re left with is basically another unblinded study.", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00079-00028272-00028639": "They asked them a bunch of subjective questions, “how you feelin’?”,", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00080-00028639-00028880": "and those who mostly knew they were taking the drug", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00081-00028880-00029048": "said they were feeling better.", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00082-00029136-00029504": "There was no change in the objective lab values, like CRP,", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00083-00029504-00029872": "a sign of inflammation and so maybe the marijuana is just", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00084-00029872-00030352": "masking symptoms without actually affecting intestinal inflammation.", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00085-00030456-00030768": "Another indicator that cannabis may not be affecting the course", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00086-00030768-00031216": "of the disease itself is how quickly the symptoms rebounded.", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00087-00031272-00031568": "Two weeks after the study ended the cannabis group", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00088-00031568-00031752": "was right back up to where they started.", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00089-00031895-00032224": "So, no difference in objective inflammatory markers,", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00090-00032224-00032504": "and given the rapid rebound it seems more plausible", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00091-00032504-00032864": "that cannabis ameliorated the symptoms of Crohn’s disease,", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00092-00032864-00033208": "rather than actually modulating the disease itself.", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00093-00033352-00033760": "Okay, yeah, but the symptoms are terrible.", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00094-00033760-00034136": "A reduction in pain is a reduction in pain.", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00095-00034200-00034552": "From the point of view of the patients, a marked symptomatic", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00096-00034552-00034992": "improvement and ability to resume normal life is not trivial,", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00097-00034992-00035392": "whether or not the inflammation persists, unless, of course,", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00098-00035392-00035728": "cannabis somehow made the disease worse in the long run.", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00099-00035912-00036296": "This survey study published the following year found that", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00100-00036296-00036608": "cannabis provided that same immediate symptomatic relief", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00101-00036608-00037176": "but was associated with a worse disease prognosis over time.", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00102-00037288-00037520": "Patients with inflammatory bowel disease reported that", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00103-00037520-00037760": "cannabis improved their pain, cramping, and diarrhea,", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00104-00037760-00037984": "but use for more than 6 months in Crohn’s patients", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00105-00038056-00038440": "appeared to be a strong predictor of them ending up in surgery,", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00106-00038440-00038744": "5 times the odds of them ending up under the knife.", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00107-00038872-00039216": "Now there’s two possible explanations for this.", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00108-00039216-00039656": "It’s quite possible that it was the increased severity", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00109-00039656-00039952": "that led to the cannabis use and not the other way around.", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00110-00040016-00040400": "But the alternative explanation is that cannabis use may worsen", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00111-00040400-00040936": "the prognosis, leading to greater surgeries and hospitalizations.", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00112-00041048-00041304": "That’s why we really need prospective clinical trials", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00113-00041304-00041592": "where we follow people over time to see which came first,", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00114-00041648-00041896": "but until then maybe we should consider", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00115-00041896-00042184": "cannabis use in IBD as potentially harmful.", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00116-00042248-00042496": "Not just to err on the side of caution, but there was", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00117-00042496-00042856": "this other study on hepatitis C patients that found", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00118-00042856-00043152": "that daily cannabis use was associated with nearly 7 times", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00119-00043152-00043584": "the odds of worse liver fibrosis, which is like scar tissue.", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00120-00043680-00044048": "And so hey, if cannabis really does make fibrosis worse,", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00121-00044104-00044440": "then that could potentially explain why cannabis users with IBD", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00122-00044440-00044816": "may be more likely to end up on the operating table.", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00123-00044920-00045384": "In our next story, we look at the leading risk factor for death in the United States", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00124-00045434-00045584": "–the American Diet.", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00125-00045656-00046040": "About a decade ago, the American Heart Association expressed concern", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00126-00046040-00046520": "that their “2020 target of improving cardiovascular health by 20 percent", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00127-00046520-00046960": "by 2020 [would] not be reached if current trends continue[d].”", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00128-00047032-00047384": "By 2006, most people were already not smoking,", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00129-00047384-00047712": "and had nearly achieved their goal for exercise.", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00130-00047712-00048168": "But when it came to healthy diet score, only about 1 percent", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00131-00048168-00048528": "got a 4 or 5 out of their 0 to 5 diet quality score,", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00132-00048528-00048896": "and that’s with so-called “ideal” criteria of like drinking", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00133-00048896-00049144": "less than four and a half cups of soda a week.", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00134-00049144-00049464": "In the last decade they saw a bump up to like 1 percent", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00135-00049464-00049848": "of Americans even reaching those kinds of basic criteria.", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00136-00049848-00050248": "But given their aggressive goal of improving that by 20 percent", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00137-00050248-00050736": "by 2020, they hoped to turn that 1 percent into about 1.2 percent!", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00138-00050800-00051184": "Okay, so how’d we do? Let’s look at the 2019 update,", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00139-00051184-00051616": "and it looks like we’ve slipped down to as low as one in a thousand—", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00140-00051616-00052032": "you can’t even see the green anymore. And American teens got a big fat zero.", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00141-00052032-00052552": "No wonder, perhaps, that “for all mortality-based metrics, the U.S.", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00142-00052552-00053120": "rank declined … 27th or 28th among 34 [industrialized] countries.”", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00143-00053120-00053455": "“Citizens living in countries with a substantially lower [GDP]", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00144-00053455-00053696": "and health expenditure[s] per capita . . . have lower", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00145-00053696-00053967": "mortality rates than those in the United States.”", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00146-00053967-00054352": "Slovenia beat us by three countries, coming in at 24th", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00147-00054352-00054728": "in life expectancy to our 27th. And more recently we seem to have", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00148-00054728-00055088": "slipped to 43rd, even though we spend trillions", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00149-00055088-00055344": "on health care—more than anyone else.", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00150-00055455-00055752": "What’s the leading risk factor for death in the United States?", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00151-00055808-00056479": "What we eat. The standard American diet is just to die for—literally.", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00152-00056624-00057032": "Those trillions in health care spending aren’t addressing the root cause.", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00153-00057120-00057424": "“Approximately 80 percent of chronic disease and premature death", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00154-00057424-00057872": "could be prevented by not smoking, being physically active,", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00155-00057872-00058120": "and adhering to a healthful dietary pattern.”", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00156-00058191-00058488": "But what exactly is meant by “healthy diet”?", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00157-00058567-00058848": "Unfortunately, what we hear about nutrition in the media", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00158-00058848-00059072": "is often inconsistent and confusing.", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00159-00059072-00059279": "“There[’s a] pressure within today's competitive", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00160-00059279-00059512": "journalism market for sensationalism.", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00161-00059584-00059991": "There may even be a disincentive to present the facts in … context…”", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00162-00059991-00060127": "to sell more magazines.", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00163-00060136-00060408": "In fact, about three-quarters of a century ago it was noted", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00164-00060408-00060728": "that unfortunately, “the subject of nutrition seems to have", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00165-00060728-00061112": "a special appeal to the credulous, the social zealot", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00166-00061112-00061496": "and, in the commercial field, the unscrupulous,” a combination", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00167-00061496-00061808": "“calculated to strike despair in the hearts", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00168-00061808-00061984": "of the sober, objective scientist.”", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00169-00062152-00062448": "“The most important [health care] problem [we face may be]", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00170-00062448-00062855": "our poor lifestyle choices based on misinformation.”", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00171-00062855-00063176": "It’s like the climate change deniers; “healthy … dietary advice", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00172-00063176-00063584": "[is] overshadowed by critics, diet books, [industry interests],", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00173-00063584-00063864": "and misguided information in the media.”", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00174-00063936-00064179": "Maybe what we need is like an IPCC (Intergovernmental", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00175-00064179-00064248": "Panel on Climate Change) of nutrition.", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00176-00064352-00064744": "These days “[n]o single expert, regardless of academic stature", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00177-00064744-00065152": "or reputation, has the prominence to overcome the obstacles", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00178-00065152-00065528": "created by confusing media messages and [effectively] deliver", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00179-00065528-00065832": "the fundamental principles of healthy living … to the public.”", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00180-00065912-00066440": "However, what if there was “a global coalition consisting", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00181-00066440-00066792": "of a variety of nutrition experts, who collectively represent", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00182-00066792-00067016": "the views held by the majority of scientists,", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00183-00067016-00067224": "physicians, and health practitioners…”?", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00184-00067224-00067576": "It could “serve as the guiding resource of sound nutrition information", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00185-00067576-00067768": "for improved health and prevention of disease.”", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00186-00067864-00068248": "Boom! “The True Health Initiative was conceived", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00187-00068248-00068720": "for that very purpose.” A nonprofit coalition of hundreds of experts", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00188-00068720-00069064": "from dozens of countries agreeing to a consensus statement", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00189-00069064-00069320": "on the fundamentals of healthy living.", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00190-00069392-00069760": "Check out https://www.truehealthinitiative.org/.", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00191-00069832-00070168": "Spoiler alert—the healthiest diet is one generally comprised", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00192-00070168-00070496": "mostly of minimally processed plants.", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00193-00070584-00070968": "Finally today, we look at how the incidence of side effects from statins", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00194-00070968-00071384": "is low in clinical trials but high out in the real world.", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00195-00071440-00071904": "There is now overwhelming evidence to support reducing LDL cholesterol—", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00196-00071904-00072320": "bad cholesterol—to reduce atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00197-00072320-00072608": "the number one killer of men and women.", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00198-00072688-00073048": "So why is adherence to cholesterol- lowering statin drug therapy", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00199-00073048-00073416": "such a major challenge? The majority of studies reported at least 40%,", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00200-00073488-00073944": "and as much as 80%, of patients did not comply fully with", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00201-00073944-00074264": "statin treatment recommendations. Three-quarters may flat out", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00202-00074264-00074776": "stop taking them, or sometimes up to nearly 90% discontinue treatment.", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00203-00074776-00075368": "When asked why, most former statin users, or discontinuers, cited muscle pain,", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00204-00075368-00075784": "a side effect, as the primary reason for stopping the pills.", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00205-00075840-00076352": "By far the most prevalent and important adverse events, up to 72%", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00206-00076352-00076848": "of all statin side effects are statin- associated muscle symptoms.", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00207-00076912-00077368": "Taking Coenzyme Q10 supplements as a treatment for statin-associated muscle", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00208-00077368-00078112": "symptoms was a good idea in theory, but they don't actually appear to help.", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00209-00078168-00078520": "Normally, side-effect symptoms go away when you stop the drug,", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00210-00078520-00079064": "but sometimes can linger a year or more. There's evidently growing evidence", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00211-00079064-00079624": "that statin intolerance is predominantly psychosocial, not pharmacological,", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00212-00079624-00080088": "meaning—wait—meaning maybe it's mostly just in people's heads?", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00213-00080232-00080688": "\"Statins have developed a bad reputation with the public,\" one editorial read,", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00214-00080688-00081040": "\"a phenomenon driven largely by proliferation on the Internet of", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00215-00081040-00081360": "bizarre and unscientific... criticisms of these drugs.\"", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00216-00081360-00081936": "Maybe it's Google that leads to statin intolerance? But come on,", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00217-00081936-00082240": "people have been going off statins for decades", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00218-00082240-00082424": "before there even was an Internet.", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00219-00082504-00083144": "What kind of data has doctors suggesting that patients are falsely misattributing", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00220-00083144-00083672": "normal aches and pains to be statin side effects? Well, if you take people", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00221-00083672-00084128": "who claim to have statin-related muscle pain and randomize them back and forth", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00222-00084128-00084544": "between statins and an identical-looking placebo in three-week blocks,", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00223-00084600-00085072": "they can't actually tell whether they're getting the real drug or the sugar pill.", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00224-00085200-00085464": "The problem with that study, though, is that it may take months", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00225-00085464-00085856": "to not only develop statin-induced muscle pain, but months before it", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00226-00085856-00086240": "goes away, so no wonder three-weeks-on, three-weeks-off", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00227-00086240-00086600": "may not be long enough for the participants to discern which is which.", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00228-00086680-00087008": "But these data are more convincing.", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00229-00087008-00087448": "10,000 people were randomized to a statin or sugar pill for a few years.", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00230-00087448-00087784": "But they had to stop the study early, because so many more people were dying", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00231-00087784-00088096": "in the sugar pill group, and so everyone was then offered the statin.", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00232-00088096-00088544": "And what they noted was that there was no excess of reports of", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00233-00088544-00088808": "muscle-related adverse effects among patients", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00234-00088808-00089080": "assigned to the statin over those assigned to the placebo.", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00235-00089136-00089520": "But then, when the placebo phase was over and the people knew", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00236-00089520-00089880": "they were on a statin, then they reported more muscle side effects", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00237-00089880-00090048": "than those who knew they weren't.", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00238-00090112-00090448": "These results illustrate the so-called nocebo effect,", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00239-00090448-00090736": "kind of like the opposite of the placebo effect.", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00240-00090736-00091184": "Placebo effects are positive consequences falsely attributed to a treatment,", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00241-00091184-00091592": "whereas nocebo effects are negative consequences falsely attributed", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00242-00091592-00091936": "to a treatment, as was evidently seen here, as there was an excess rate of", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00243-00091936-00092336": "muscle-related adverse effects reported only when patients and their doctors", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00244-00092336-00092848": "were aware that statin therapy was being used and not when it was being concealed.", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00245-00092920-00093368": "They hope these results will help assure both physicians and patients that most", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00246-00093368-00093888": "adverse effects associated with statins are not actually caused by the drug", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00247-00093888-00094376": "and should help counter exaggerated claims about statin-related side effects.", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00248-00094376-00094824": "It's these kinds of results from placebo-controlled randomized trials", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00249-00094824-00095280": "that are said to have shown definitively that almost all of the symptomatic", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00250-00095280-00095624": "adverse events that are attributed to statin therapy in routine practice", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00251-00095624-00096192": "are not actually caused by the drug. Now only a few patients will believe", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00252-00096192-00096472": "this, that their statin-associated muscle symptoms", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00253-00096472-00096832": "are of psychogenic origin, meaning all just in their head,", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00254-00096832-00097192": "but their denial may have deadly consequences.", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00255-00097192-00097624": "Discontinuing statin treatment may be a life-threatening mistake.", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00256-00097624-00098032": "Here's the mortality of those who stopped their statins after having", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00257-00098032-00098440": "a possible adverse reaction compared to those who stuck with them.", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00258-00098496-00099000": "This translates into about 1 excess death for every 83 patients", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00259-00099000-00099392": "who discontinued treatment within a four-year period. So when there are", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00260-00099392-00099752": "media reports about statin side effects and people stop taking them,", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00261-00099752-00100216": "this could result in thousands of fatal and disabling heart attacks and strokes", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00262-00100216-00100448": "which would otherwise have been avoided.", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00263-00100560-00100928": "Seldom in the history of modern therapeutics have the substantial", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00264-00100928-00101288": "proven benefits of a treatment been compromised to such an extent", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00265-00101288-00101840": "by serious misrepresentations of the evidence for its safety.", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00266-00101840-00102264": "But is it a misrepresentation to suggest statin therapy causes", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00267-00102264-00102472": "side effects in up to a fifth of patients?", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00268-00102528-00102808": "That is actually what you see in clinical practice.", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00269-00102808-00103335": "Between 10% to 25% of patients placed on statins complain of muscle problems,", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00270-00103392-00103728": "but because we don't see anywhere near those kinds of numbers", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00271-00103728-00104176": "in controlled trials, patients are accused of being confused.", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00272-00104256-00104728": "Why in clinical trials is the incidence of side effects from statins so low,", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00273-00104800-00105200": "but out in the real world appear to be so high?", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00274-00105200-00105480": "For example, take this meta- analysis of clinical trials,", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00275-00105480-00106096": "finding muscle problems not in 1 in 5, but only 1 in 2,000 patients.", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00276-00106096-00106488": "So hey, maybe everyone over a certain age should be on them.", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00277-00106544-00106928": "But, of course, every single one of those trials was funded", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00278-00107016-00107335": "by the statin manufacturers themselves.", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00279-00107335-00107744": "So for example, how could the randomized controlled trials miss detecting", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00280-00107744-00108368": "statin-related adverse side effects such as muscle pain? By not asking.", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00281-00108480-00108983": "A review of 44 statin trials revealed that only one directly asked", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00282-00108983-00109192": "about muscle-related adverse effects.", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00283-00109256-00109648": "So are the vast majority of side effects just being missed in all these trials,", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00284-00109648-00110048": "or are the vast majority of side effects seen in clinical practice", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00285-00110048-00110304": "just some figment of patients' imagination?", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00286-00110304-00110600": "The bottom line: we don't know,", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00287-00110656-00111008": "but there is certainly an urgent need to figure it out.", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00288-00111168-00111448": "We would love it if you could share with us your stories", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00289-00111448-00111768": "about reinventing your health through evidence-based nutrition.", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00290-00111768-00112024": "Go to nutritionfacts.org/testimonials.", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00291-00112024-00112376": "We may share it on our social media to help inspire others.", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00292-00112440-00112872": "To see any graphs, charts, graphics, images, or studies mentioned here,", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00293-00112872-00113232": "please go to the Nutrition Facts Podcast landing page.", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00294-00113232-00113483": "There you’ll find all the detailed information you need –", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00295-00113483-00113928": "plus links to all of the sources we cite for each of these topics.", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00296-00113928-00114264": "For a timely text on the pathogens that cause pandemics –", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00297-00114264-00114424": "you can order the e-book, audio book,", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00298-00114424-00114920": "or hard copy of my latest book “How to Survive a Pandemic.”", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00299-00114920-00115264": "For recipes, check out my new “How Not to Diet Cookbook”.", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00300-00115264-00115816": "It’s beautifully designed, with more than 100 recipes for delicious and nutritious meals.", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00301-00115816-00116296": "And all proceeds I receive from the sales of all my books goes to charity.", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00302-00116352-00116792": "NutritionFacts.org itself is a nonprofit, science-based public service,", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00303-00116792-00117024": "where you can sign up for free daily updates", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00304-00117024-00117432": "on the latest in nutrition research via bite-sized videos and articles.", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00305-00117432-00117640": "Everything on the website is free.", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00306-00117640-00117896": "There’s no ads, no corporate sponsorship.", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00307-00117896-00118208": "It’s strictly non-commercial. I’m not selling anything.", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00308-00118208-00118568": "I just put it up as a public service, as a labor of love –", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00309-00118568-00118832": "as a tribute to my grandmother –", "fwv6W4ozpkU-00310-00118832-00119183": "whose own life was saved with evidence-based nutrition."}}, {"audio_id": "fwIUAUvaZrM", "text": {"fwIUAUvaZrM-00000-00000000-00000200": "고양이 털 빠짐 대결입니다. 누가 이길지 기대해 주세요"}}, {"audio_id": "fxhFFUHUDEE", "text": {"fxhFFUHUDEE-00000-00000000-00000360": "hi everybody welcome back i thought i'd do a little bit of a garden tour", "fxhFFUHUDEE-00001-00000360-00000688": "because i think today's the day that i'm going to start pulling up plants", "fxhFFUHUDEE-00002-00000768-00001544": "i've got a lot of peppers left to plant earth plant no too thick to pick peppers to pick we were", "fxhFFUHUDEE-00003-00001544-00002464": "just at my parents and i cut my dad's hair and i brought the hair home yeah to put in my compost", "fxhFFUHUDEE-00004-00002696-00003304": "hair is good for compost my dad used to go to beauty shops in the area they would save hair", "fxhFFUHUDEE-00005-00003304-00003864": "for him i know that sounds gross he would go daily and pick up bags of hair and put it in his compost", "fxhFFUHUDEE-00006-00003952-00004520": "until the health department found out he was doing that and they told the beauty shops", "fxhFFUHUDEE-00007-00004520-00005056": "they can't save their hair anymore bummer i'm trying i'm trying to put this grate back on", "fxhFFUHUDEE-00008-00005120-00005768": "while i'm talking to you and you're not doing a very good job there we need to turn that over", "fxhFFUHUDEE-00009-00005768-00006328": "it's about time so i'm going to go in here and pick some peppers so i'll show you what we have so", "fxhFFUHUDEE-00010-00006328-00007112": "far now i know we have a weedy mess i need to get in here and weed because in between the tomatoes", "fxhFFUHUDEE-00011-00007112-00007759": "i planted rows of beets so i'm gonna go in there today and take care of all this it's a nice day", "fxhFFUHUDEE-00012-00007759-00008224": "it's sunday look at my flowers how pretty they are now i'm gonna leave those because", "fxhFFUHUDEE-00013-00008224-00008824": "those sure are pretty down here is a row of green beans i already picked the most of them", "fxhFFUHUDEE-00014-00008928-00009480": "and canned those but there's a few coming on there that i'm leaving for like one night for dinner", "fxhFFUHUDEE-00015-00009600-00010336": "but our peppers i wanted them to turn red so i've got some red bells the tomato just fell", "fxhFFUHUDEE-00016-00010336-00010976": "off over there hungarian hot wax it's almost time to just pick all those off", "fxhFFUHUDEE-00017-00011088-00011536": "look at how pretty that is over there that is pretty that's what i've been waiting for", "fxhFFUHUDEE-00018-00011536-00012016": "rob's over here with this load of wood that we just got from my parents he just cut down a tree", "fxhFFUHUDEE-00019-00012016-00012928": "they had weeping jerry cat's always with us cats are always with us yeah buddy all my videos he", "fxhFFUHUDEE-00020-00012928-00013656": "really is every video rob does you will see that cat because that cat and rob are like inseparable", "fxhFFUHUDEE-00021-00014056-00014280": "but he's putting all this wood into", "fxhFFUHUDEE-00022-00014544-00015080": "that most of it he's going to try to burn it up today most of them try to burn up small stuff", "fxhFFUHUDEE-00023-00015191-00015863": "the bigger stuff i'm going to hold on to and try to cure or season yeah it's a weeping cherry so", "fxhFFUHUDEE-00024-00015863-00016640": "i don't know what kind of flavor it'll have it ought to be good it might be good we can ask the", "fxhFFUHUDEE-00025-00016640-00017384": "google because weepy cherry doesn't really produce cherries no it's just it was a really pretty tree", "fxhFFUHUDEE-00026-00017384-00018104": "very pretty i did film that and the tree when my rob cut it over actually because it was kind of a", "fxhFFUHUDEE-00027-00018104-00018816": "big tree came really close to my mother rob says rob keeps saying i was watching i was watching", "fxhFFUHUDEE-00028-00018872-00019512": "well my mom jumped so i'll uh i'll leave a link to that somewhere and like at the end if you want to", "fxhFFUHUDEE-00029-00019512-00020184": "see my mom almost get whacked by a tree my loofah look at look at my loofah look at look at this", "fxhFFUHUDEE-00030-00020384-00021056": "oh i'm zoomed i'm sorry i wondered why we were so close to my loofah but look how long", "fxhFFUHUDEE-00031-00021056-00022120": "it is this one over here is touching the ground and really i'm not real sure what i'm gonna do", "fxhFFUHUDEE-00032-00022120-00022776": "with this i really don't want it to hit the ground because that i think that spot will", "fxhFFUHUDEE-00033-00022912-00023464": "die anything that touches the ground i think cat is following me now well hi buddy", "fxhFFUHUDEE-00034-00023688-00023984": "but look at the loofah look at it all isn't it beautiful", "fxhFFUHUDEE-00035-00024120-00024544": "we still have luffa coming out i mean look at this this is growing still there's a", "fxhFFUHUDEE-00036-00024648-00025104": "maybe we'll eat that one my parents haven't tried the luffa yet maybe we'll get them to", "fxhFFUHUDEE-00037-00025104-00025808": "try the loofah it's not a bad taste if a zucchini and a cucumber got married and had a baby it would", "fxhFFUHUDEE-00038-00025808-00026352": "be a loofah it really isn't a bad taste now i wouldn't want to eat them when they're huge", "fxhFFUHUDEE-00039-00026352-00026944": "this is about the size you want to eat them look i got another one starting here there's another", "fxhFFUHUDEE-00040-00026944-00027776": "one doing something up here so yeah the loop is still producing loofah now this in the summer", "fxhFFUHUDEE-00041-00027920-00028720": "was squishy i don't know if you go back and watch when i ate the loofah it was squishy like a sponge", "fxhFFUHUDEE-00042-00028872-00029512": "now it's hard this could i could probably hit a baseball with this right now it's pretty hard", "fxhFFUHUDEE-00043-00029512-00030064": "what i'm gonna do with this is just leave it leave it on the vine as long as i can", "fxhFFUHUDEE-00044-00030064-00030808": "let it die let it turn brown and then take it off and then we'll we'll whack the loofah open and get", "fxhFFUHUDEE-00045-00030808-00031472": "all get the sponge out that should be fun wait for that video of michelle whacking the loofah maybe", "fxhFFUHUDEE-00046-00031472-00032080": "i'll get my chicken hammer out and whack whack the loofah with that oh there's another little one", "fxhFFUHUDEE-00047-00032160-00032968": "there's another little one right there and oh my land look it they're in the leaves it's", "fxhFFUHUDEE-00048-00032968-00033496": "like you pick more leaves up and there there's another one i can't imagine they're gonna grow", "fxhFFUHUDEE-00049-00033496-00034344": "anymore because our growing season is like over almo you know it's it's over but the peppers we", "fxhFFUHUDEE-00050-00034344-00034904": "have this whole thing is full of peppers now and weeds of course the weeds but look at this", "fxhFFUHUDEE-00051-00035032-00035584": "it's time to come out and pick peppers again but i'm kind of waiting because that one's still kind", "fxhFFUHUDEE-00052-00035584-00036312": "of green i want them when they're yellow or red see there's some of them are turning red", "fxhFFUHUDEE-00053-00036432-00036968": "but i have to pick them because when they turn red then they start to get mushy so i got to make", "fxhFFUHUDEE-00054-00036968-00037496": "sure as soon as they start turning red get them off of there all right right now i'm going to go", "fxhFFUHUDEE-00055-00037552-00038224": "clean out the tomato garden rob just said here we go wait for the whoosh got the fire going", "fxhFFUHUDEE-00056-00038376-00038752": "i should have filmed the whoosh because it was a big huge whoosh", "fxhFFUHUDEE-00057-00038816-00039648": "can we make it whoosh again another whoosh there we go i should have got steaks out so we could", "fxhFFUHUDEE-00058-00039648-00040152": "well i don't know if i don't know if steaks would have been good on that probably another wash", "fxhFFUHUDEE-00059-00040280-00040784": "not on the wash steaks wouldn't be good on the whoosh all right well back to what i'm doing here", "fxhFFUHUDEE-00060-00040936-00041872": "i've got some of the bigger korean tomatoes i am saving but you see those little tiny ones over", "fxhFFUHUDEE-00061-00041872-00042616": "there those taste like nothing i don't know what they are i have no idea but they have no they're", "fxhFFUHUDEE-00062-00042616-00043056": "not sweet they're not they don't taste like they taste like nothing they have no flavor", "fxhFFUHUDEE-00063-00043056-00043992": "it's weird but okay back to picking i waited the beats as best as i'm going to but look i should", "fxhFFUHUDEE-00064-00043992-00044640": "probably ho in there but who wants to do that not this girl look at there i found the beets", "fxhFFUHUDEE-00065-00044848-00045408": "and the peppers i might leave those just to i don't know i might pull them out but look at", "fxhFFUHUDEE-00066-00045408-00046184": "this here's a hungarian hot wax look at i mean these are really big on all of them there was", "fxhFFUHUDEE-00067-00046184-00046720": "one in the other garden that i couldn't pull out i mean it's it's like a tree trunk in there but", "fxhFFUHUDEE-00068-00046720-00047384": "the peppers are doing so good i'm gonna pick most of them today in fact i did get some green peppers", "fxhFFUHUDEE-00069-00047456-00047976": "i'll show you this i got my bag here with all these green peppers there's a bad spot", "fxhFFUHUDEE-00070-00047976-00048576": "on that one but who cares this is probably the fifth time i've picked bell peppers", "fxhFFUHUDEE-00071-00048824-00049488": "but i've opened up this garden gonna i'm gonna go in here and pick because", "fxhFFUHUDEE-00072-00049488-00050152": "i it's about time to do that the smaller ones i'll leave but for the most part i'm gonna pick", "fxhFFUHUDEE-00073-00050152-00050856": "them all there's so many there's so many peppers i can't believe it we're just cutting them in rings", "fxhFFUHUDEE-00074-00050856-00051255": "and freezing them and we're just going to use them as we need them because you cannot", "fxhFFUHUDEE-00075-00051255-00052160": "can hot peppers in oil because it'll go rancid you cannot can oil look at me i've been i got", "fxhFFUHUDEE-00076-00052160-00052991": "whacked in the head with a tomato cage that hurt yeah that that hurt but all right back to uh", "fxhFFUHUDEE-00077-00053088-00053760": "picking all right i picked a lot of them i'll show you i got a basket full of look how pretty", "fxhFFUHUDEE-00078-00053760-00054504": "this one this one is beautiful look at that pretty red pepper but i picked a lot of them but there's", "fxhFFUHUDEE-00079-00054504-00055040": "still a lot of them on there so i'm just going to leave them and watch the weather and if i know", "fxhFFUHUDEE-00080-00055040-00055528": "there's a frost coming or it's going to get really cold at night i'll come pick the rest of these", "fxhFFUHUDEE-00081-00055672-00056184": "i don't want to lose any peppers but we do we have a lot in the freezer too we probably have", "fxhFFUHUDEE-00082-00056288-00056960": "eight gallon bag full of rings in the freezer i think or more there there's a lot in there", "fxhFFUHUDEE-00083-00056960-00057600": "we have a garden issue we had tomatoes this year that had septoria leaf spot so we know that", "fxhFFUHUDEE-00084-00057600-00058240": "there's a fungus in that garden and we're kind of wondering what to plant so rob just googled it", "fxhFFUHUDEE-00085-00058320-00059176": "what's google yeah we asked yes google what we can put in there to like get rid of it or help i help", "fxhFFUHUDEE-00086-00059264-00059672": "well what what we've done and i i don't really understand", "fxhFFUHUDEE-00087-00059736-00060216": "how we got it i kind of think it's because we watered it wrong we watered it in the", "fxhFFUHUDEE-00088-00060216-00060816": "evening we've got a raised bed which is supposed to help prevent things like this um", "fxhFFUHUDEE-00089-00060920-00061504": "we've got a brand new soil so it's not a problem of having you know something in the soil brand new", "fxhFFUHUDEE-00090-00061504-00062016": "compost everything was this year everything's here we're brand new so we shouldn't have really had", "fxhFFUHUDEE-00091-00062016-00062632": "much of a problem at all but i think with with us watering it incorrectly and leaving the leaves wet", "fxhFFUHUDEE-00092-00062632-00063296": "it became an issue the leaves are wet overnight we watered in the evening instead of like watering in", "fxhFFUHUDEE-00093-00063296-00063967": "the morning and then letting the sun dry yeah we quit watering in the evening but i asked google", "fxhFFUHUDEE-00094-00063967-00064584": "what what we could do about it and basically it said um two things you ought to do is", "fxhFFUHUDEE-00095-00064640-00065184": "basically wash how you water them yeah don't water the leaves don't leave them wet very very", "fxhFFUHUDEE-00096-00065184-00065984": "very long periods of time also next year when we plant tomatoes next year play a different spot", "fxhFFUHUDEE-00097-00066080-00066672": "yeah also say that air flow and humidity have a big play a big part in it so he just asked google", "fxhFFUHUDEE-00098-00066672-00067248": "what we could plant and they came up with mustard seeds seeds and grape seeds i've never heard of", "fxhFFUHUDEE-00099-00067248-00067800": "those yeah i think we're going to get those and plant those because now's the time to plant them", "fxhFFUHUDEE-00100-00067800-00068240": "we might be just a week or a week or so late that's okay but we're going to plant some mustard", "fxhFFUHUDEE-00101-00068240-00068808": "seed in there and then let it do it's whatever it does i don't know what it does i recommend using", "fxhFFUHUDEE-00102-00068808-00069472": "a green mulch which is mustard is a green malt will become a green mulch so so we're going to", "fxhFFUHUDEE-00103-00069472-00070136": "try putting must putting mustard seed in there to see if that will solve the problem and we're not", "fxhFFUHUDEE-00104-00070136-00070880": "going to plant the tomatoes in there right so i don't know we're eating spot we're new gardeners", "fxhFFUHUDEE-00105-00070880-00071416": "here and we're just trying all right you ready to go yes ma'am yes ma'am yes ma'am we are ready", "fxhFFUHUDEE-00106-00071416-00072984": "to go we're going to go eat some dinner yep so we will see you in our next video all right bye bye"}}, {"audio_id": "fxnX_iQx3jk", "text": {"fxnX_iQx3jk-00000-00000424-00000564": "I'm a project manager, ...", "fxnX_iQx3jk-00001-00000588-00001072": "... during the day. And I run and manage projects, making sure things happen.", "fxnX_iQx3jk-00002-00001080-00001468": "And during the night, I try to be professional in having good fun.", "fxnX_iQx3jk-00003-00002020-00002448": "I was doing my master's degree in computer science,", "fxnX_iQx3jk-00004-00002476-00002824": "in Leeds, UK, when I met this nice girl.", "fxnX_iQx3jk-00005-00003024-00003164": "Well, that's another long story.", "fxnX_iQx3jk-00006-00003176-00003424": "But we ended up being a couple,", "fxnX_iQx3jk-00007-00003436-00003615": "and we were also dancing and teaching together.", "fxnX_iQx3jk-00008-00003644-00004052": "And she is Portuguese, so when we moved to Portugal we said, OK...", "fxnX_iQx3jk-00009-00004068-00004564": "... we can take a break. But very quickly we were snatched by different schools to give workshops.", "fxnX_iQx3jk-00010-00004580-00004856": "One thing led to the other, and before we knew it,", "fxnX_iQx3jk-00011-00004876-00005348": "we suddenly had created the Latin Quarter branch of Portugal.", "fxnX_iQx3jk-00012-00005816-00006112": "We hear all the lines, I mean everything :", "fxnX_iQx3jk-00013-00006132-00006412": "Oh, I have two left feet, I have no rythm...", "fxnX_iQx3jk-00014-00006444-00006816": "I can't dance, I can't move my legs, can't move my body...", "fxnX_iQx3jk-00015-00006852-00007192": "And, basically, we tell them : You think you have no rythm ...", "fxnX_iQx3jk-00016-00007212-00007456": "... come and take your hand, place it over your heart.", "fxnX_iQx3jk-00017-00007480-00007708": "There's one thing about Salsa, ...", "fxnX_iQx3jk-00018-00007744-00007959": "... it looks a lot more complicated than what it is.", "fxnX_iQx3jk-00019-00007992-00008212": "Every time there's a new class starting,", "fxnX_iQx3jk-00020-00008244-00008728": "they're all very much amazed by the things that they've seen around.", "fxnX_iQx3jk-00021-00008740-00008996": "So we start with a basic step, and a couple more steps, ...", "fxnX_iQx3jk-00022-00009024-00009156": "... In two or three weeks,", "fxnX_iQx3jk-00023-00009172-00009600": "their friends see them dancing and they think : Wow, this is so complicated!", "fxnX_iQx3jk-00024-00009608-00009852": "They don't believe it themselves that they're actually hearing this.", "fxnX_iQx3jk-00025-00009868-00010220": "We believe that this is Salsa being a social dance.", "fxnX_iQx3jk-00026-00010240-00010792": "So now internet is way beyond, I mean, with all these social sites,", "fxnX_iQx3jk-00027-00010804-00011012": "the whole game has changed.", "fxnX_iQx3jk-00028-00011016-00011352": "www.latinquarter.eu", "fxnX_iQx3jk-00029-00011364-00011732": "In Portuguese, .eu is spelled e-u ...", "fxnX_iQx3jk-00030-00011764-00012016": "... and it means \"i\".", "fxnX_iQx3jk-00031-00012644-00013124": "I heard of this .eu domain, and I thought : It's a great idea.", "fxnX_iQx3jk-00032-00013136-00013736": "Because it is really representative of people like us :", "fxnX_iQx3jk-00033-00013744-00014191": "We who come from one country, lived in another,", "fxnX_iQx3jk-00034-00014208-00014619": "and currently live in a third one. We travel a lot around Europe all the time.", "fxnX_iQx3jk-00035-00014832-00015068": "I'm Greek, of origin,", "fxnX_iQx3jk-00036-00015268-00015591": "I lived in the UK, in Greece and in Portugal,", "fxnX_iQx3jk-00037-00015600-00015763": "currently living in Portugal,", "fxnX_iQx3jk-00038-00015812-00015944": "but I mean...", "fxnX_iQx3jk-00039-00016028-00016276": "I would say as a citizen of the world,", "fxnX_iQx3jk-00040-00016288-00016628": "I think the most accurate term for me would be : I'm a European.", "fxnX_iQx3jk-00041-00016708-00016840": "In every way."}}, {"audio_id": "fxXp_pWAUhE", "text": {"fxXp_pWAUhE-00000-00000045-00000145": "Hi!", "fxXp_pWAUhE-00001-00000145-00000924": "Today I take you into an adventure,come with me!", "fxXp_pWAUhE-00002-00000924-00001537": "Is pretty risky,is about \" to venture\".", "fxXp_pWAUhE-00003-00001537-00001637": "In dictionary is \"to take risks\" and \"to be in danger\",something like that.I thought to", "fxXp_pWAUhE-00004-00001637-00001737": "make a comparison . How does it seems to you to climb into this tree,look up there,and", "fxXp_pWAUhE-00005-00001737-00002022": "to be into a relationship?", "fxXp_pWAUhE-00006-00002022-00002785": "How do you see these 2 things ? I think is more easy to climb into this tree then to", "fxXp_pWAUhE-00007-00002785-00003056": "be with someone because if I climb into this tree 2 things can happen,or I fall or I get", "fxXp_pWAUhE-00008-00003056-00003670": "up there but if you are into a relationship there are so many ways and so much danger...By", "fxXp_pWAUhE-00009-00003670-00004117": "the way,today I was in a tram and someone was telling a story about a lady who was staying", "fxXp_pWAUhE-00010-00004117-00004478": "alone and relaxed in her house and half of the ceiling fallen on her head and she was", "fxXp_pWAUhE-00011-00004478-00004950": "laughing while she was telling this story to someone on the phone because that lady", "fxXp_pWAUhE-00012-00004950-00005285": "didn't wanted to live any adventure and she was staying in her comfort zone in her house", "fxXp_pWAUhE-00013-00005285-00005423": "only that...is pretty funny.", "fxXp_pWAUhE-00014-00005423-00006151": "So I decided neither to pretend I know how is it into a relationship neither nothing.", "fxXp_pWAUhE-00015-00006151-00006447": "I am going on an adventure,bye!", "fxXp_pWAUhE-00016-00006447-00006693": "For you how is it?", "fxXp_pWAUhE-00017-00006693-00006988": "For me is very easy,let's see!", "fxXp_pWAUhE-00018-00006988-00007088": "Oh!", "fxXp_pWAUhE-00019-00007088-00007186": "Is so easy!"}}, {"audio_id": "fyxGophpqAE", "text": {"fyxGophpqAE-00000-00000008-00000162": "You know how you know someone has a Vitamix?", "fyxGophpqAE-00001-00000162-00000326": "How? They tell you!", "fyxGophpqAE-00002-00000336-00000436": "Here's why you like your Vitamix and you", "fyxGophpqAE-00003-00000470-00000662": "may not realize why you like your Vitamix.", "fyxGophpqAE-00004-00000690-00000867": "I like my Vitamix because it looks really", "fyxGophpqAE-00005-00000867-00000909": "nice on the counter.", "fyxGophpqAE-00006-00000909-00001022": "It looks nice.", "fyxGophpqAE-00007-00001046-00001181": "It's a constant reminder of", "fyxGophpqAE-00008-00001278-00001425": "eating healthy and living a certain", "fyxGophpqAE-00009-00001425-00001575": "lifestyle and committing to yourself.", "fyxGophpqAE-00010-00001713-00001851": "You may not want to admit it but it's kind", "fyxGophpqAE-00011-00001851-00001982": "of a status symbol to have one.", "fyxGophpqAE-00012-00002014-00002175": "It's a minimalist thing.", "fyxGophpqAE-00013-00002177-00002451": "People like that it's a minimal -- it", "fyxGophpqAE-00014-00002453-00002580": "supports a minimalist lifestyle. It's all", "fyxGophpqAE-00015-00002580-00002759": "you need. It replaces a food processor and", "fyxGophpqAE-00016-00002760-00002959": "a blender with a ton of other gadgets and", "fyxGophpqAE-00017-00002960-00003058": "stuff like that.", "fyxGophpqAE-00018-00003059-00003159": "I like that a washer itself.", "fyxGophpqAE-00019-00003177-00003302": "Cleans itself.", "fyxGophpqAE-00020-00003549-00003668": "What could be easier. Soapy water in 30", "fyxGophpqAE-00021-00003669-00003852": "seconds. And people don't realize the", "fyxGophpqAE-00022-00003864-00004086": "difference in the in the", "fyxGophpqAE-00023-00004086-00004187": "consistency.", "fyxGophpqAE-00024-00004221-00004342": "You realize it if someone pointed out to", "fyxGophpqAE-00025-00004343-00004352": "you.", "fyxGophpqAE-00026-00004353-00004478": "It's the difference between granulated", "fyxGophpqAE-00027-00004479-00004659": "sugar to powdered sugar.", "fyxGophpqAE-00028-00004754-00004916": "They taste totally different. That's why a", "fyxGophpqAE-00029-00004917-00005070": "smoothie made in Vitamix is different than", "fyxGophpqAE-00030-00005070-00005247": "a smoothie made in a Nutribullet or a", "fyxGophpqAE-00031-00005248-00005386": "Ninja. And that's why the quick-serve", "fyxGophpqAE-00032-00005478-00005647": "restaurants the smoothie shops they use a", "fyxGophpqAE-00033-00005648-00005839": "Vitamix because they taste better; it's", "fyxGophpqAE-00034-00005852-00005922": "not because of the ingredients.", "fyxGophpqAE-00035-00005923-00006065": "And you notice the difference when you're", "fyxGophpqAE-00036-00006067-00006167": "there.", "fyxGophpqAE-00037-00006251-00006463": "Hi my", "fyxGophpqAE-00038-00006464-00006564": "name is Ron from", "fyxGophpqAE-00039-00006776-00006876": "Houston Texas and", "fyxGophpqAE-00040-00007001-00007214": "the main reason I got the Vitamix", "fyxGophpqAE-00041-00007238-00007338": "blender so I could", "fyxGophpqAE-00042-00007466-00007745": "make those mocha frappuccinos like", "fyxGophpqAE-00043-00007747-00007845": "Starbucks.", "fyxGophpqAE-00044-00007845-00007945": "So now", "fyxGophpqAE-00045-00008069-00008298": "that I've got my Vitamix man I'm", "fyxGophpqAE-00046-00008300-00008522": "making them every day and I'm", "fyxGophpqAE-00047-00008528-00008628": "loving it.", "fyxGophpqAE-00048-00008652-00008764": "I'm saving a lot of money.", "fyxGophpqAE-00049-00008784-00008939": "Those things are expensive you know.", "fyxGophpqAE-00050-00009026-00009197": "So that's the main reason I got the", "fyxGophpqAE-00051-00009295-00009502": "Vitamix and buddy, it does the job.", "fyxGophpqAE-00052-00009540-00009633": "I love it.", "fyxGophpqAE-00053-00009634-00009820": "So if you like mocha frappuccinos, get", "fyxGophpqAE-00054-00009882-00009974": "the Vitamix.", "fyxGophpqAE-00055-00009975-00010075": "You'll love it too.", "fyxGophpqAE-00056-00010201-00010388": "Why else do you love your Vitamix that", "fyxGophpqAE-00057-00010442-00010542": "you may not realize why you love your Vitamix.", "fyxGophpqAE-00058-00010672-00010820": "I make stuff I normally wouldn't make", "fyxGophpqAE-00059-00010821-00010921": "because I have a Vitamix.", "fyxGophpqAE-00060-00010989-00011170": "Sometimes I look at it and I'm like I", "fyxGophpqAE-00061-00011196-00011396": "should make a soup in you because you can", "fyxGophpqAE-00062-00011400-00011488": "make soup.", "fyxGophpqAE-00063-00011488-00011594": "Yeah, kinda like your coaches that sits on", "fyxGophpqAE-00064-00011594-00011631": "your control.", "fyxGophpqAE-00065-00011632-00011890": "Yeah well it's just saying like you have", "fyxGophpqAE-00066-00011891-00012009": "an appliance that can do all these things", "fyxGophpqAE-00067-00012010-00012186": "like you should make your own peanut", "fyxGophpqAE-00068-00012203-00012296": "butter cause you can.", "fyxGophpqAE-00069-00012296-00012399": "Put the blade's dull.", "fyxGophpqAE-00070-00012411-00012558": "It comes dull.", "fyxGophpqAE-00071-00012573-00012796": "And so the performance and", "fyxGophpqAE-00072-00012797-00012956": "the blend quality and the consistency is", "fyxGophpqAE-00073-00012956-00013161": "gonna be the same from blend number one to", "fyxGophpqAE-00074-00013181-00013281": "blend 10,000.", "fyxGophpqAE-00075-00013402-00013561": "You don't have to sharpen it like some of the lower-cost", "fyxGophpqAE-00076-00013580-00013819": "blenders come sharp and", "fyxGophpqAE-00077-00013819-00013912": "that's how they pulverize.", "fyxGophpqAE-00078-00013913-00014109": "But then after a year they don't do that", "fyxGophpqAE-00079-00014109-00014125": "anymore.", "fyxGophpqAE-00080-00014127-00014302": "A year or like five days.", "fyxGophpqAE-00081-00014410-00014509": "It's like a razor blade on your face.", "fyxGophpqAE-00082-00014510-00014657": "Like it works really well for the first", "fyxGophpqAE-00083-00014657-00014899": "one to three times and that's like ouch.", "fyxGophpqAE-00084-00015021-00015097": "This isn't working so well.", "fyxGophpqAE-00085-00015097-00015244": "Which actually makes it really nice when", "fyxGophpqAE-00086-00015244-00015431": "you're washing it too because then you", "fyxGophpqAE-00087-00015497-00015673": "don't cut yourself when you're washing it which I've", "fyxGophpqAE-00088-00015674-00015857": "done with other blenders before and it's a", "fyxGophpqAE-00089-00015857-00015957": "fixed blade.", "fyxGophpqAE-00090-00016005-00016143": "So you don't have to like unscrew and get", "fyxGophpqAE-00091-00016144-00016345": "in the little nooks and crannies like it's", "fyxGophpqAE-00092-00016346-00016390": "just there.", "fyxGophpqAE-00093-00016391-00016528": "That's the hugest. The blade", "fyxGophpqAE-00094-00016628-00016723": "is fixed the container.", "fyxGophpqAE-00095-00016724-00016929": "You don't have to unscrew it and clean the", "fyxGophpqAE-00096-00016940-00017072": "gunk and get a toothbrush and clean,", "fyxGophpqAE-00097-00017072-00017137": "clean, clean.", "fyxGophpqAE-00098-00017138-00017269": "It's just a fixed blade.", "fyxGophpqAE-00099-00017278-00017494": "I take this for granted, but", "fyxGophpqAE-00100-00017496-00017638": "I really like that I can pour", "fyxGophpqAE-00101-00017765-00017953": "into it and it measures like when I'm", "fyxGophpqAE-00102-00017954-00018136": "making a morning smoothie I know I use a", "fyxGophpqAE-00103-00018137-00018313": "cup of almond milk and I don't have to", "fyxGophpqAE-00104-00018314-00018541": "get a measuring cup dirty", "fyxGophpqAE-00105-00018542-00018763": "because it has the measuring things", "fyxGophpqAE-00106-00018764-00018825": "up the side.", "fyxGophpqAE-00107-00018826-00018992": "I take that for granted but it's a", "fyxGophpqAE-00108-00019057-00019157": "reason I like it. That's a good reason.", "fyxGophpqAE-00109-00019352-00019567": "If it was gone, if someone took it away", "fyxGophpqAE-00110-00019569-00019750": "how would you feel. And those are the", "fyxGophpqAE-00111-00019750-00019765": "things.", "fyxGophpqAE-00112-00019794-00019890": "Yeah you'd be sad.", "fyxGophpqAE-00113-00019890-00020099": "No, I'd be pissed.", "fyxGophpqAE-00114-00020102-00020288": "You know, there's something to be said", "fyxGophpqAE-00115-00020290-00020545": "about having a thing that helps", "fyxGophpqAE-00116-00020546-00020702": "you live a certain lifestyle and", "fyxGophpqAE-00117-00020730-00020914": "accomplish things.", "fyxGophpqAE-00118-00020939-00021115": "But to have a work and to have it work", "fyxGophpqAE-00119-00021116-00021351": "well and it", "fyxGophpqAE-00120-00021356-00021494": "there's something about living", "fyxGophpqAE-00121-00021587-00021802": "a zero-aggravation life and", "fyxGophpqAE-00122-00021804-00022041": "having things that work for you instead", "fyxGophpqAE-00123-00022043-00022253": "of you work for them and never", "fyxGophpqAE-00124-00022255-00022474": "being frustrated at that", "fyxGophpqAE-00125-00022475-00022487": "thing.", "fyxGophpqAE-00126-00022487-00022617": "Like you know that you have", "fyxGophpqAE-00127-00022721-00022891": "an appliance in your house that you're", "fyxGophpqAE-00128-00022892-00023068": "like ugh this never works the way I want", "fyxGophpqAE-00129-00023069-00023281": "it to I always have to jiggle it this", "fyxGophpqAE-00130-00023282-00023473": "way I always have to flip it on off on off", "fyxGophpqAE-00131-00023474-00023606": "like my Vitamix never gives", "fyxGophpqAE-00132-00023762-00023878": "me aggravation like that.", "fyxGophpqAE-00133-00023892-00024086": "And if for some reason it did.", "fyxGophpqAE-00134-00024138-00024338": "Another reason that I love Vitamix that I", "fyxGophpqAE-00135-00024341-00024446": "never think of is that their customer", "fyxGophpqAE-00136-00024446-00024602": "service is like beyond.", "fyxGophpqAE-00137-00024626-00024871": "I dare you to go to Twitter and", "fyxGophpqAE-00138-00024872-00025111": "find a \"your customer service isn't", "fyxGophpqAE-00139-00025113-00025230": "good\" scenario.", "fyxGophpqAE-00140-00025240-00025372": "Oh you'll find it because it's Twitter.", "fyxGophpqAE-00141-00025400-00025624": "But they're amazing and they'll help", "fyxGophpqAE-00142-00025625-00025725": "you no matter what. And", "fyxGophpqAE-00143-00025957-00026158": "if something is to go wrongm, they'll fix", "fyxGophpqAE-00144-00026158-00026182": "it for you.", "fyxGophpqAE-00145-00026182-00026356": "Yeah, if you get there and you have to", "fyxGophpqAE-00146-00026375-00026513": "call and something needs to be fixed they", "fyxGophpqAE-00147-00026513-00026720": "send you a shipping label and you just put", "fyxGophpqAE-00148-00026726-00026906": "in the mail and then they send it right", "fyxGophpqAE-00149-00026906-00027097": "back to you. Yeah. Whereas like we have", "fyxGophpqAE-00150-00027197-00027391": "a wonderful chef's knife and we called", "fyxGophpqAE-00151-00027398-00027554": "said hey look the tip broke off.", "fyxGophpqAE-00152-00027597-00027773": "OK. They're like, one guy called and", "fyxGophpqAE-00153-00027774-00027875": "answered, who's really friendly, but he's", "fyxGophpqAE-00154-00027875-00028093": "like, okay, you have", "fyxGophpqAE-00155-00028094-00028217": "to send it to us. And then you have to pay", "fyxGophpqAE-00156-00028217-00028413": "the six dollars for the return shipping.", "fyxGophpqAE-00157-00028431-00028552": "You have to pay to ship it to us.", "fyxGophpqAE-00158-00028587-00028694": "You have to pay to ship it back.", "fyxGophpqAE-00159-00028739-00028963": "You have to pay for that for the fix.", "fyxGophpqAE-00160-00029010-00029165": "Vitamix is like,\"We'll pay for all of", "fyxGophpqAE-00161-00029165-00029259": "that. Sorry it broke.", "fyxGophpqAE-00162-00029260-00029381": "It shouldn't break.", "fyxGophpqAE-00163-00029416-00029491": "And so we'll take care of it.\"", "fyxGophpqAE-00164-00029492-00029582": "Yeah.", "fyxGophpqAE-00165-00029583-00029803": "So that's something that you wouldn't realize", "fyxGophpqAE-00166-00029807-00029907": "until you realize how great it is. Right.", "fyxGophpqAE-00167-00029920-00030020": "You know how you know someone has a", "fyxGophpqAE-00168-00030033-00030133": "Vitamix? How? They tell you.", "fyxGophpqAE-00169-00030175-00030340": "If any of these resonated with you, hit", "fyxGophpqAE-00170-00030382-00030569": "that thumbs up and tell us why you like", "fyxGophpqAE-00171-00030569-00030646": "your Vitamix, right?", "fyxGophpqAE-00172-00030647-00030810": "Did we miss something? In the comments.", "fyxGophpqAE-00173-00030837-00030937": "Subscribe to our channel.", "fyxGophpqAE-00174-00030939-00031039": "Thanks so much for watching.", "fyxGophpqAE-00175-00031080-00031180": "Oh", "fyxGophpqAE-00176-00031677-00031872": "my studio lighting.", "fyxGophpqAE-00177-00031961-00032052": "Oh look at it.", "fyxGophpqAE-00178-00032052-00032062": "Ow!", "fyxGophpqAE-00179-00032063-00032156": "Look at it. Just because it was on camera", "fyxGophpqAE-00180-00032156-00032256": "doesn't mean you need to be violent with it.", "fyxGophpqAE-00181-00032366-00032410": "Look at it.", "fyxGophpqAE-00182-00032411-00032602": "Show them. That one is so long.", "fyxGophpqAE-00183-00032661-00032761": "More! Oh my", "fyxGophpqAE-00184-00033351-00033377": "OK.", "fyxGophpqAE-00185-00033378-00033478": "No. No.", "fyxGophpqAE-00186-00033484-00033584": "No.", "fyxGophpqAE-00187-00033678-00033704": "Oh yeah."}}, {"audio_id": "fyHJdBmPOjA", "text": {"fyHJdBmPOjA-00000-00000098-00000286": "I am Celia Xakriabá,", "fyHJdBmPOjA-00001-00000286-00000592": "also a participant and a representative of our Advocacy Tour:", "fyHJdBmPOjA-00002-00000592-00000882": "Indigenous Blood, Not a Single Drop More", "fyHJdBmPOjA-00003-00000882-00001188": "of the Coalition of the Indigenous Peoples of Brazil (APIB).", "fyHJdBmPOjA-00004-00001188-00001496": "We've reached our 8th country here in Belgium.", "fyHJdBmPOjA-00005-00001540-00001880": "It was also a very important moment because here is where the most discussions", "fyHJdBmPOjA-00006-00001880-00002294": "of the European Parliament are concentrated", "fyHJdBmPOjA-00007-00002332-00002622": "and it is also here where a great deal of political decision", "fyHJdBmPOjA-00008-00002622-00002804": "about indigenous peoples' lives are made,", "fyHJdBmPOjA-00009-00002804-00003080": "which directly affects our lives, indigenous peoples.", "fyHJdBmPOjA-00010-00003080-00003352": "This morning we collectively had breakfast,", "fyHJdBmPOjA-00011-00003352-00003997": "the moment of sharing meals, of talking to each other, has been very important.", "fyHJdBmPOjA-00012-00004018-00004326": "And from there we left to a meeting, during the morning,", "fyHJdBmPOjA-00013-00004326-00004760": "at the Belgian Parliament, where it also was very important to meet", "fyHJdBmPOjA-00014-00004788-00005196": "many congressmen who are aligned with the indigenous cause.", "fyHJdBmPOjA-00015-00005196-00005574": "But there, we mainly and persistently sent our message:", "fyHJdBmPOjA-00016-00005582-00005858": "'cause one thing is them hearing about indigenous peoples", "fyHJdBmPOjA-00017-00005858-00006250": "and another thing is them listening to indigenous peoples talking about themselves.", "fyHJdBmPOjA-00018-00006266-00006681": "After that, we had group lunch,", "fyHJdBmPOjA-00019-00006681-00006986": "also because that's the time we have to think", "fyHJdBmPOjA-00020-00006986-00007206": "which will be our work flow.", "fyHJdBmPOjA-00021-00007238-00007516": "We rapidly had lunch and then", "fyHJdBmPOjA-00022-00007523-00007856": "and we split ourselves out into two groups,", "fyHJdBmPOjA-00023-00007856-00008518": "one that went to the GCE meeting to talk to a group of business people who couldn't meet us in Berlin,", "fyHJdBmPOjA-00024-00008518-00008740": "so, at that time, made that invitation because", "fyHJdBmPOjA-00025-00008740-00009052": "they wanted to hear from the indigenous people to help them understand", "fyHJdBmPOjA-00026-00009052-00009538": "how the companies' commercial relation impacts on the lives of indigenous peoples,", "fyHJdBmPOjA-00027-00009540-00009937": "as we know that the companies need to also take responsibility", "fyHJdBmPOjA-00028-00009937-00010257": "for climate change,", "fyHJdBmPOjA-00029-00010258-00010550": "and mainly take responsibility because when the demand for products increases,", "fyHJdBmPOjA-00030-00010552-00010956": "it also increases the demand for deforestation area.", "fyHJdBmPOjA-00031-00011004-00011430": "At the same time, we had the others going to the External Service of the European Parliament", "fyHJdBmPOjA-00032-00011448-00011802": "with the representative of the Human Rights Commission.", "fyHJdBmPOjA-00033-00011802-00012106": "They also had the opportunity to pass along that message.", "fyHJdBmPOjA-00034-00012106-00012264": "it was also very important because", "fyHJdBmPOjA-00035-00012264-00013012": "we are having a parallel agenda period because our efforts are made to express, as much as we can,", "fyHJdBmPOjA-00036-00013012-00013352": "the period we are living in Brazil,", "fyHJdBmPOjA-00037-00013412-00013688": "which is a moment of legislated genocide,", "fyHJdBmPOjA-00038-00013688-00013997": "he ethnocide that is to try to extinguish our way of life,", "fyHJdBmPOjA-00039-00013997-00014084": "our identity,", "fyHJdBmPOjA-00040-00014084-00014734": "and mainly the ecocide that needs to be recognized as a crime against humanity.", "fyHJdBmPOjA-00041-00014736-00014958": "After that, we've collectively met again", "fyHJdBmPOjA-00042-00014958-00015500": "our Advocacy Tour: Indigenous Blood, Not a Single Drop More,", "fyHJdBmPOjA-00043-00015516-00015840": "and we went to a more social moment, of interaction", "fyHJdBmPOjA-00044-00015840-00016127": "with activists here from Belgium,", "fyHJdBmPOjA-00045-00016128-00016352": "with people who are at university,", "fyHJdBmPOjA-00046-00016356-00016642": "people who have been living here for a long time,", "fyHJdBmPOjA-00047-00016646-00017232": "all this time to think about what our power is and what unifies us at this moment in history.", "fyHJdBmPOjA-00048-00017238-00017658": "Erisvan Guajajara made a moment of great emotion,", "fyHJdBmPOjA-00049-00017658-00017996": "particularly because it was his relative who was murdered", "fyHJdBmPOjA-00050-00018010-00018488": "and, at the moment we, indigenous people, are denouncing it,", "fyHJdBmPOjA-00051-00018488-00018800": "the genocide is in march in Brazil.", "fyHJdBmPOjA-00052-00018800-00019328": "So, it is a very alarming moment and we, indigenous people, won't be silent.", "fyHJdBmPOjA-00053-00019328-00019614": "If it is to die, so be it because we are speaking out", "fyHJdBmPOjA-00054-00019614-00019842": "and not because we are in silence.", "fyHJdBmPOjA-00055-00019842-00020172": "May Paulino's voice not be silenced because", "fyHJdBmPOjA-00056-00020172-00020734": "it will be the seed in our bodies during the journey, in the indigenous leaders bodies that are here.", "fyHJdBmPOjA-00057-00020734-00021212": "Because we are here not exactly representing the eight leaders and the five regions of Brazil,", "fyHJdBmPOjA-00058-00021238-00021620": "we are raising the village of the ancestors who were killed", "fyHJdBmPOjA-00059-00021646-00021868": "and who were prevented from continuing with life,", "fyHJdBmPOjA-00060-00021868-00022066": "were disrupted from the right to live."}}, {"audio_id": "fyJutKqjV3E", "text": {"fyJutKqjV3E-00000-00002392-00002552": "hi guys how are you doing", "fyJutKqjV3E-00001-00002656-00003240": "today we are going to talk about photosynthetic hormones that is", "fyJutKqjV3E-00002-00003240-00003728": "very useful for our organic matter to doing taking care of your plants", "fyJutKqjV3E-00003-00003792-00004128": "i will not take too long on this video", "fyJutKqjV3E-00004-00004128-00004688": "so we will not share on how to use or what are the benefits of this yet", "fyJutKqjV3E-00005-00004688-00005216": "but we are going to show you how we're going to prepare this effectively", "fyJutKqjV3E-00006-00005216-00005688": "it can really really works and the most important is that", "fyJutKqjV3E-00007-00005768-00006664": "a lot of people might have problem on preparing it and it doesn't turn red color after it is done", "fyJutKqjV3E-00008-00006664-00007392": "so today i will show you certain matter on how you gonna make it work okay", "fyJutKqjV3E-00009-00007584-00008304": "ingredient is very minimal we use only these three it's a fish sauce", "fyJutKqjV3E-00010-00008304-00008816": "you can also get it from any of thai store or any asian store", "fyJutKqjV3E-00011-00008904-00009288": "we have ajinomoto same thing and", "fyJutKqjV3E-00012-00009496-00009984": "eggs okay this is a very important that the egg size is matter", "fyJutKqjV3E-00013-00010040-00010248": "all right we're gonna start from a very basic", "fyJutKqjV3E-00014-00010376-00011232": "first of all the egg it should not been through your chiller or put into the fridge", "fyJutKqjV3E-00015-00011232-00011480": "it should be fresh from the market to use", "fyJutKqjV3E-00016-00011592-00011880": "okay so the reason is that it will", "fyJutKqjV3E-00017-00011880-00012128": "the bacteria won't grow well all right", "fyJutKqjV3E-00018-00012128-00012416": "this egg will be the food for all the bacteria", "fyJutKqjV3E-00019-00012416-00012840": "and because of the temperature if it's been through the chiller what will happen", "fyJutKqjV3E-00020-00012944-00013168": "whatever you do it won't turn red color", "fyJutKqjV3E-00021-00013272-00013896": "and the size of the eggs also is important you don't get it too big like the AA or AAA", "fyJutKqjV3E-00022-00013896-00014336": "you know the kind of big size because those are big size of the egg normally", "fyJutKqjV3E-00023-00014416-00014800": "the egg yolk it will small and the egg white it will be more", "fyJutKqjV3E-00024-00014800-00015416": "so you want it somewhere really equal between the size of the egg white and the egg yolk", "fyJutKqjV3E-00025-00015416-00015816": "so you use something like a medium size like this this is really good", "fyJutKqjV3E-00026-00015816-00016191": "what we can do is that we gonna start by", "fyJutKqjV3E-00027-00016191-00016600": "having all these three ingredients to be mixed inside here", "fyJutKqjV3E-00028-00016760-00017176": "the usage i'm using all 1-1-1 this means", "fyJutKqjV3E-00029-00017176-00017952": "if it's one egg one tablespoon of ajinomoto also one tablespoon of fish sauce", "fyJutKqjV3E-00030-00017952-00018472": "so i will put in this inside the water first", "fyJutKqjV3E-00031-00018624-00019112": "so i'm using five eggs today that's mean i'm gonna using this", "fyJutKqjV3E-00032-00019112-00019648": "five tablespoon of ajinomoto as well for the starter", "fyJutKqjV3E-00033-00019736-00020272": "i'm gonna do that and then next i gonna crack the egg inside", "fyJutKqjV3E-00034-00020776-00021344": "for the eggshell we are not gonna throw it but i will tell you about it on how to use the eggshell", "fyJutKqjV3E-00035-00021408-00021944": "we don't put the eggshell inside okay we just peel just the egg only", "fyJutKqjV3E-00036-00022128-00022920": "now it's done with all the five so the last step is that we're gonna put in this fish sauce", "fyJutKqjV3E-00037-00023168-00023976": "also we're using five tablespoons you might not get used to the smell of this fish sauce", "fyJutKqjV3E-00038-00023976-00024448": "but then again come to cooking thai food without this is", "fyJutKqjV3E-00039-00024448-00025056": "it's not pronounced thai food okay so we done with this", "fyJutKqjV3E-00040-00025056-00025200": "what are we gonna do is that", "fyJutKqjV3E-00041-00025296-00025936": "you're gonna hlep it shake a little bit you can see now ajinomoto is", "fyJutKqjV3E-00042-00026095-00026536": "go to under egg it's floating above", "fyJutKqjV3E-00043-00026536-00026968": "so what you should do is that you have it by shaking it a little bit gently", "fyJutKqjV3E-00044-00027095-00027936": "all right some of you might want to put into the blender and blend it so what will happen is that", "fyJutKqjV3E-00045-00027936-00028320": "you will create the heat which is unnecessary for this", "fyJutKqjV3E-00046-00028320-00028752": "you don't want to have it too cold by chilling your egg and take out from the", "fyJutKqjV3E-00047-00028752-00029176": "fridge and then you know doing it or you don't want to blend it to make it", "fyJutKqjV3E-00048-00029320-00029976": "create the heat over there so you just gently shake like this it will be fine", "fyJutKqjV3E-00049-00030216-00030983": "and my method always i have to find a way of saving time and make it effective and also", "fyJutKqjV3E-00050-00031160-00031495": "you don't have to do so much work so what will happen is that", "fyJutKqjV3E-00051-00031552-00031856": "you leave this for a little while what will happen", "fyJutKqjV3E-00052-00031856-00032448": "the ajinomoto that it doesn't really mix well or not yet milk it will still sink down", "fyJutKqjV3E-00053-00032512-00032928": "you will have to check it again shortly after this one you noticing that okay", "fyJutKqjV3E-00054-00032992-00033712": "so when you're done with this normally a lot of people were telling you you can straight", "fyJutKqjV3E-00055-00033712-00034488": "away using this mixture right away into the water and then you need to check the", "fyJutKqjV3E-00056-00034488-00035184": "water all the bottles maybe twice a day or few times a day as frequently as possible", "fyJutKqjV3E-00057-00035272-00035512": "okay to activate the bacteria", "fyJutKqjV3E-00058-00035512-00035848": "so what will happen is that to doing that", "fyJutKqjV3E-00059-00035848-00036408": "it just a lot of work because you only use a small quantity with this", "fyJutKqjV3E-00060-00036408-00036792": "you can create a lot you know like 50 60 bottles", "fyJutKqjV3E-00061-00036864-00037264": "so you're gonna have to do that and bulit up the muscle for nothing", "fyJutKqjV3E-00062-00037368-00037648": "my matter is that after you mix this very well", "fyJutKqjV3E-00063-00037728-00038200": "what you have to do is you have to leave it in the cooling place first", "fyJutKqjV3E-00064-00038280-00039160": "and by shaking just one bottle every time you pass by you just give it a very light shake like that", "fyJutKqjV3E-00065-00039240-00039704": "and continue leave it there for three to four days", "fyJutKqjV3E-00066-00039776-00039992": "this way is much much better", "fyJutKqjV3E-00067-00039992-00040496": "so allow me to show you i did this with the", "fyJutKqjV3E-00068-00040736-00041472": "12 eggs so it's 12 tablespoon of ajinimotol and also 12 tablespoon of the fish sauce", "fyJutKqjV3E-00069-00041536-00042104": "and i leave it about today it will be the fourth day so it's ready to use", "fyJutKqjV3E-00070-00042104-00042768": "and this is in the shady place okay not under the hot sun", "fyJutKqjV3E-00071-00042864-00043384": "all right in the shady place and you look at the color it's already turning", "fyJutKqjV3E-00072-00043456-00043760": "changing the color, color getting darker a little bit", "fyJutKqjV3E-00073-00043912-00044480": "okay this darker color is mean that it's working very well and it can", "fyJutKqjV3E-00074-00044592-00044832": "see it's very fruitful and gonna turn red after this", "fyJutKqjV3E-00075-00044832-00045176": "maybe another one month from now you can see the color", "fyJutKqjV3E-00076-00045176-00045544": "is changing if you want it to be leave it a little bit longer", "fyJutKqjV3E-00077-00045544-00046112": "to make it more deep dark red color very rich when you use it also it's very effective", "fyJutKqjV3E-00078-00046168-00046584": "okay so when you're having this don't put this in your fridge", "fyJutKqjV3E-00079-00046584-00046952": "so if you're doing that it's gonna be another big mistake", "fyJutKqjV3E-00080-00046952-00047328": "all right and okay now what we're gonna do is that", "fyJutKqjV3E-00081-00047416-00047872": "all this bottle that you see here i left the gap", "fyJutKqjV3E-00082-00048016-00048456": "air pocket a little bit you can add a little bit more water", "fyJutKqjV3E-00083-00048456-00048912": "but actually i just did somewhere here it's fine so what i'm gonna do is that", "fyJutKqjV3E-00084-00049040-00049560": "i use the pipe water the clean water you can use the water from", "fyJutKqjV3E-00085-00049560-00050016": "pond you can use natural water you can put rain water whatsoever it is", "fyJutKqjV3E-00086-00050016-00050408": "but it doesn't really sure that it is safe", "fyJutKqjV3E-00087-00050488-00051120": "you might not have the aliens by all like microbiotic inside and all this stuff also", "fyJutKqjV3E-00088-00051176-00051616": "what you want to use is that we use clean water but clean water there", "fyJutKqjV3E-00089-00051616-00052320": "is one problem that is always chlorine in so is it depends on the area as well", "fyJutKqjV3E-00090-00052376-00052672": "i noticed that certain certain households they're having the", "fyJutKqjV3E-00091-00052904-00053367": "pipe water colin smell very strong you can even smell it", "fyJutKqjV3E-00092-00053367-00054000": "but some is fine so it's been less chlorine inside so for the safe side no matter what", "fyJutKqjV3E-00093-00054000-00054496": "what you should do is that fill up the bottle and leave it the gap open for a few days", "fyJutKqjV3E-00094-00054552-00055040": "i did this and leave the gap open for few days first so make sure that all the chlorine is gone", "fyJutKqjV3E-00095-00055248-00055312": "from there", "fyJutKqjV3E-00096-00055728-00056504": "you don't use too much of this mixture inside okay you only need to use very little", "fyJutKqjV3E-00097-00056672-00057584": "what i'm gonna do is that i only put not even a spoonful it's a very lightly almost a spoon", "fyJutKqjV3E-00098-00057864-00058264": "for one bottle i use only two of this", "fyJutKqjV3E-00099-00058408-00059088": "and what i'm gonna do is that i gonna close the bottles", "fyJutKqjV3E-00100-00059255-00059655": "shake it give it a shake for a little bit like that lightly it's done already", "fyJutKqjV3E-00101-00059720-00060248": "and loosen the cap this time around you need to lose the cap like that okay", "fyJutKqjV3E-00102-00060312-00060576": "so when well it's going on here", "fyJutKqjV3E-00103-00060776-00061455": "they might create the gas and it is a little bit of something not so tight", "fyJutKqjV3E-00104-00061455-00061936": "okay not so tight all right we will keep on doing this for the rest of the bottles", "fyJutKqjV3E-00105-00062128-00063191": "for these 12 eggs you can do like up to 100 of bottles why i need a lot because the use of this", "fyJutKqjV3E-00106-00063191-00064272": "is very multiple purpose and when you want to use it you can use it for the rooting system as well", "fyJutKqjV3E-00107-00064272-00064808": "you can use directly spray on the leafy and the plant itself also", "fyJutKqjV3E-00108-00064896-00065440": "when it's already turned red color what all you need to do is that you can take out around 100 cc", "fyJutKqjV3E-00109-00065544-00065848": "to mix with about 20 liters of water", "fyJutKqjV3E-00110-00065848-00066280": "can pour directly on the soil on the pot", "fyJutKqjV3E-00111-00066280-00066832": "on the plots and you know on the plants also you can spray on the plant itself", "fyJutKqjV3E-00112-00066888-00067432": "so we're going to continue doing this for the rest of all the bottles and", "fyJutKqjV3E-00113-00067432-00068048": "today i have a very big job to do because with this quantity i can do it up to about 100 bottles", "fyJutKqjV3E-00114-00068112-00068672": "so that's it for today we will be updating you on how to progress on this", "fyJutKqjV3E-00115-00068752-00069656": "once it's done already place it under the sun so we will see the changes and we will update", "fyJutKqjV3E-00116-00069656-00070120": "you guys after this when everything is all the color it changes on it", "fyJutKqjV3E-00117-00070264-00070864": "and maybe that will be a good time for me to share the usage and also the benefit of this as well", "fyJutKqjV3E-00118-00070936-00071256": "this thing you can buy online actually", "fyJutKqjV3E-00119-00071336-00071584": "and what we do is that sometimes", "fyJutKqjV3E-00120-00071696-00072408": "you can sell and for those doing the commercial by doing your own diy you save a lot of costs", "fyJutKqjV3E-00121-00072408-00072896": "as you can see there's nothing much to use and the benefit from", "fyJutKqjV3E-00122-00072896-00073336": "this is so a lot of things that is you're gonna be very happy about it", "fyJutKqjV3E-00123-00073408-00073824": "so save cost and for commercial use you don't need", "fyJutKqjV3E-00124-00073824-00074136": "to purchase you don't need to buy and you can do it in a big bulk", "fyJutKqjV3E-00125-00074136-00074488": "if you have extra sell, share it to your neighbor", "fyJutKqjV3E-00126-00074488-00075256": "and some of the method they were used has already been red color to mixture inside to help", "fyJutKqjV3E-00127-00075320-00075912": "that will help also as well but it's not always result is hundred percent", "fyJutKqjV3E-00128-00075912-00076248": "so this way is the easiest fastest way", "fyJutKqjV3E-00129-00076248-00076440": "so that's it for today's video", "fyJutKqjV3E-00130-00076592-00077184": "thank you for watching i hope you enjoyed and also please do like share and subscribe", "fyJutKqjV3E-00131-00077272-00077872": "the good tips like this for the organic garden for homegrown and also good for commercial can", "fyJutKqjV3E-00132-00077872-00078584": "share these good tips throughout every week thank you so much for today bye"}}, {"audio_id": "fyNwgL3UUGk", "text": {"fyNwgL3UUGk-00000-00000730-00001300": "Welcome, everybody, to the second virtual visit of Rubizmo.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00001-00001330-00001556": "Today we are at the University of Bonn.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00002-00001766-00002550": "This is part of our Café Talks. I will briefly tell you a bit more about the Rubizmo project.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00003-00002620-00003296": "Rubizmo is about replicable business models applied to rural areas.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00004-00003364-00003820": "We are focusing on three particular sectors,", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00005-00003829-00004406": "trying to cover all the innovative businesses in rural areas.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00006-00004408-00004866": "We have the food value chain, the bio-based value chain and the ecosystem services.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00007-00004970-00005312": "Today, we will mostly focus on the bio-based value chain,", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00008-00005350-00005964": "but we see through the project there exist many links between different sectors.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00009-00005984-00006404": "It's not boxes with clear borders.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00010-00006640-00007342": "The project runs four years and we are in the last year; the last ten months, nine months.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00011-00007408-00007795": "We're happy to share some of the results.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00012-00008159-00009016": "This study visit rounds off the second circle of the Rubizmo Café Talks that we had,", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00013-00009048-00010036": "which are inspirational talks for 30 minutes every week at Tuesday 11:00 o'clock.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00014-00010260-00010822": "The first two talks will not be available online,", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00015-00010822-00011374": "but the other ones are all recorded and you will find them on the website.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00016-00011596-00012544": "Let's start with the study visit. I would like to introduce you to the main actors of today.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00017-00012568-00013147": "We have our guide, Professor Schiefer from the University of Bonn.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00018-00013224-00013844": "Then we have two other experts in the bio-based value chain.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00019-00013878-00014519": "We have Lüders Moll, who is here and Professor Pude who will join quite soon.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00020-00014552-00015460": "We also have two representatives from Creapaper a company working in the bio-based value chain.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00021-00015586-00016052": "I don't know if Uwe D’Agnone and Corinna Cheesman are here,", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00022-00016130-00017018": "but they should be joining us for the question round after the virtual visit.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00023-00017122-00017368": "Gerhard the floor is yours.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00024-00017437-00018120": "Thank you very much. I hope you can hear me. I can tell you it will be an enjoyable visit.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00025-00018218-00018466": "So traditionally, farms produce food.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00026-00018520-00019356": "Today, we are discussing renewable resources produced by farms to develop non-food products.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00027-00020156-00020494": "I want to show you where we are going to meet.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00028-00020550-00021352": "You see here on the left side of the Rhine Valley a red circle. That's the city of Bonn.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00029-00021400-00022244": "The image in the centre shows that Bonn is very close to the Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00030-00022312-00022686": "Below, you see me. I will guide you through the visit.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00031-00023166-00023734": "The region where we are going to meet is very good for farming.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00032-00023736-00024166": "It's one of the three German centres for fruit and apples and it's very warm.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00033-00024168-00024668": "Some people call it the most northern part of the Italian Riviera.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00034-00025208-00026210": "In this area, we have a corporation between different companies and research.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00035-00026292-00026882": "One member of this network, the bio innovation park Reinland,", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00036-00026918-00027206": "is the experimental site of the University of Bonn.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00037-00027248-00027433": "And, that's where we are going to meet.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00038-00027436-00027992": "You see in the lower part, the experimental farm where we meet right now.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00039-00027998-00028716": "Now, I ask you to take a flight, go over and try to land close to Bonn.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00040-00028732-00028908": "Now we start the virtual visit.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00041-00029022-00029508": "I invite you to participate in a virtual visit at the bio innovation park Rheinland,", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00042-00029635-00030233": "which is a network of three universities, two communities and about 30 companies.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00043-00030316-00030824": "The intention is to develop new products from food and bio-based resources.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00044-00030877-00031241": "When you look around here, you can see a number of glasshouses.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00045-00031336-00031912": "It's at the outskirts of one of the experimental farms of the University of Bonn,", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00046-00031957-00032186": "which is at the centre of this park.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00047-00032288-00032743": "Here in the back, you can see the heating system", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00048-00032748-00033374": "where heat is produced for all glasshouses from wood pruning and grass.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00049-00033380-00033954": "At our next station we will look at some of those grass species that are in the focus of development", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00050-00033986-00034182": "here at the bio innovation park.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00051-00034430-00034805": "Here you can see the grass we have been working with.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00052-00034865-00035546": "It's called Miscanthus and it grows very fast during the year and it doesn't need very good soil.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00053-00035591-00035878": "It's the basis for the production of paper,", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00054-00035906-00036528": "insulation material, building material and whatsoever.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00055-00036578-00036986": "Later when we move to the experimental farm,", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00056-00037020-00037406": "we will see how products are developed from this grass.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00057-00037914-00038590": "Here to the right, we have some of the products that we develop from renewable resources.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00058-00038626-00038822": "It's building blocks for houses.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00059-00038916-00039214": "Some of those houses have already been built in Switzerland.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00060-00039293-00039834": "And, we are about to get approval also from Germany and other countries.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00061-00039926-00040482": "Our next station will be the experimental farm where we will meet Professor Pude.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00062-00040520-00040862": "Welcome to this experimental site of the University of Bonn.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00063-00040964-00042024": "It's an old farmhouse that has been transformed into offices and small labs.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00064-00042224-00042920": "It was a kind of breeding site for many small enterprises and start-up enterprises.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00065-00043008-00043368": "I welcome here Professor Pude, of the University of Bonn,", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00066-00043368-00043662": "who has a professorship for renewable resources.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00067-00043845-00044368": "He has promoted many of the small companies that rolled out of this site.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00068-00044464-00044943": "Professor Pude can you say a few words about your research?", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00069-00045024-00045792": "Welcome. We are working with plants, different perennial and annual plants and", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00070-00045796-00046300": "we develop products out of the plants, for example, for building materials or", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00071-00046306-00046506": "paper production and so on.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00072-00046572-00047051": "Ok. Are you prepared to show us a little bit around for this virtual visit?", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00073-00047091-00047568": "Sorry, that you cannot be here in person, but I think it's almost the same.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00074-00047571-00047829": "Professor Pude, would you like to show us around?", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00075-00047843-00047976": "Yes, let's go.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00076-00048012-00048372": "OK, we're moving back there to enter one of the small labs", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00077-00048464-00049078": "and Professor Pude will show us around and explain us a little bit about his research activities.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00078-00049182-00049294": "Let us go inside.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00079-00049988-00050604": "You can see we are working with plants like Miscanthus, China grass.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00080-00050604-00050861": "It's growing tall every year for me to hide in.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00081-00050904-00051609": "This plant binds 30 tonnes of CO2 per hectar and year. This is very very high.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00082-00051657-00052085": "It's biomass is rich in silica and lignin.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00083-00052116-00052608": "We want to use this biomass, not for energy,", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00084-00052655-00052925": "because it's too simple to use it only for energy", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00085-00052965-00053766": "we want to develop products out of plants like Miscanthus, cup plant and poplar or willow.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00086-00053810-00053941": "So, higher value products.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00087-00053982-00054078": "Higher value products.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00088-00054121-00054974": "To do this, you have to chop the material and you can do this, for example, in such a hammer mill.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00089-00055032-00055591": "Then you get small pieces of this plant as you can see here.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00090-00055641-00056458": "This is the most important step when you want to produce high value products from plants", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00091-00056524-00057090": "because the length and weight of the pieces is very important.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00092-00057155-00057510": "So, this is the most important step.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00093-00057522-00058226": "First, you want to have a lot of biomass, a high yield and a high CO2 storage.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00094-00058284-00058800": "Next, the biomass quality is very important and", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00095-00058808-00059460": "therefore it is important how the material is chopped in the hammer mill.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00096-00059554-00060005": "There are many other machines around here. They are not of interest, are they?", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00097-00060036-00060382": "In the back there is a sieving machine.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00098-00060384-00060885": "It's important to separate the different pieces of the material.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00099-00060927-00061494": "So, the sieving machine is very important because you have different parts of the biomass.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00100-00061516-00061984": "For example, the very small particles you can use for clustering material", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00101-00062014-00062630": "and the bigger parts you can use for bigger building materials like lightweight concrete.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00102-00062950-00063348": "Next step.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00103-00063522-00064404": "Now we visit a room for biomass quality where you can see how we develop products from plant biomass.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00104-00064486-00064617": "Let us go inside.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00105-00065117-00065332": "Here we have our technical room.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00106-00065658-00066246": "You can see many machines here. The first step happens just behind here. Let´s go there.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00107-00066912-00067032": "That´s interesting up there.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00108-00067158-00067888": "What you can see here, we need the parenchyma content of the plants.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00109-00067934-00068910": "When you look in the electron microscope, the parenchyma content looks similar to polystyrene.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00110-00069068-00069262": "It has the same structure.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00111-00070060-00070362": "Are you developing insulation material here? - Yes.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00112-00070656-00071146": "Ok. So, let´s first go over there.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00113-00071170-00072508": "With this machine we analyse how many particles are wide, small, big, round, not round.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00114-00072866-00073418": "We evaluate the size of the particles by passing them on a screen.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00115-00073482-00074500": "The particles are transported over this feeder, fall next to a screen in front of a camera which", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00116-00074516-00075386": "captures all particle shapes and sizes and immediately sends the info over to the computer", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00117-00075490-00076352": "where we can see and recount, on this graph, what combinations of particle sizes we have.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00118-00076622-00077248": "Over to the next station where the stability of the created product is tested.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00119-00077326-00077912": "Here we determine the ultimate tensile strength of our final product.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00120-00077968-00078798": "This machine gradually applies force pulling the product apart until it breaks and", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00121-00078852-00079248": "measures the force throughout the process.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00122-00079347-00079621": "Everything is set up already. I just press \"start\".", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00123-00079811-00080114": "It will take a moment until we see the result.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00124-00080468-00080942": "Here, we can see how much force it took to reach the maximum elongation.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00125-00081006-00081532": "There, the force drops which means that the sample broke apart.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00126-00082192-00082692": "Oh no, actually the test failed.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00127-00082776-00083396": "The sample broke right at the clamp because it was not fixed deep enough.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00128-00083444-00083752": "We can do it again. - It's ok. We have seen how it works.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00129-00083770-00084358": "In the end, we have material like this. - Ah, that's the final product.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00130-00084400-00085546": "Yes, this is the final product. In the future we want to produce materials like this", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00131-00085608-00086020": "for furniture for example or as housing materials.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00132-00086024-00086136": "Is it competitive?", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00133-00086162-00086890": "Yes, we want to avoid the use of chemicals.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00134-00086942-00087442": "Our research project is all about working with natural materials.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00135-00087570-00087694": "Ok, thank you very much.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00136-00087842-00088220": "We'll demonstrate the application of one of the insulation materials", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00137-00088324-00088554": "which attracts great interest from the market.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00138-00088612-00088834": "It is mixed to allow spray application.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00139-00089048-00089513": "It has been produced in the lab we just visited.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00140-00089897-00090516": "Here is the rector of the university who personally tried it and it seems to work.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00141-00090684-00091262": "We are now entering the paper lab where paper is produced from renewable resources.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00142-00091516-00092228": "We are here in a lab for paper production.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00143-00092262-00093122": "You see many different machines. The same machines as present in a big paper factory", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00144-00093150-00093263": "although our machines are smaller.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00145-00093296-00094128": "We have to chop the material and make very small pieces out of it.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00146-00094146-00094792": "Inside this mill, there is water and it is a specific technique", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00147-00094794-00095134": "we use to chop the material for which you need water and special machinery.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00148-00095170-00095888": "You get a fine material inside here and next", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00149-00095931-00096704": "you mix this fine biomass material with water and bring it to this machine.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00150-00096737-00097531": "Then you press down.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00151-00097562-00098002": "It looks like a waffle maker.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00152-00098066-00098658": "Afterwards you dry the pressed biomass in this machine to get paper.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00153-00098664-00099888": "The paper that you can see here is paper made from Miscanthus.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00154-00099966-00100980": "These are all test papers. This for instance is the strongest paper.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00155-00101080-00101516": "But it is still brownish. Can you make it white?", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00156-00101526-00102638": "Yes, you can produce whiter paper. White paper contains a higher percentage of wood.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00157-00102640-00103048": "So, it is a mixture between wood and grass.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00158-00103059-00104078": "You can see it here. This is 10% of renewable biomass and 90% is wood. This is 100% wood.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00159-00104322-00104874": "So, you're trying to replace wood with grass. - Yes. At the end, we have", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00160-00104908-00105880": "nearly 50% of grass maybe even reaching 70%, 80%.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00161-00105914-00106330": "So, the paper is already in industrial development when we talk about Creapaper", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00162-00106376-00106988": "and the insulation material is also already available on the market.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00163-00107033-00107698": "So, you are developing more and more new products that find their way onto the market and", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00164-00107744-00108682": "replace chemical compounds like gasoline based products. - Yes.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00165-00108716-00108914": "Ok, thank you very much.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00166-00109018-00109358": "Let´s go outside again.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00167-00109482-00110128": "Yes, we develop a big range of products which also includes substitutes for peat.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00168-00110168-00110938": "Peat is a problem because in the future it will be forbidden to extract it from peatlands.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00169-00111016-00111647": "So, we developed peat substitute material for the horticultural production of", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00170-00111648-00111926": "tomatoes, cucumber, for example.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00171-00111977-00112832": "Another aspect is that we need a lot of material to do all this.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00172-00112845-00113690": "Our plan starts with the use of plants that fulfil ecosystem services.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00173-00113740-00114809": "This means plants which are flowering plants, which improve the soil,", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00174-00114814-00115622": "which bind a higher content of CO2, which prevent erosion and so on.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00175-00115622-00115890": "You ensure improvement on an agricultural bases", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00176-00115928-00116420": "but you also develop industrial products like building blocks for houses. - Yes.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00177-00116444-00117083": "And as you said, insulation material, paper. So, it is a huge range of alternative products.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00178-00117224-00117838": "In the beginning is the plant. We work with plants that fulfil the ecosystem services", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00179-00117882-00118498": "and which farmers are allowed to grow and at the end we have sustainable products.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00180-00118520-00118888": "You involve the farmers - so farmers get something out of it -", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00181-00118896-00119568": "and different forms of industrialisation close to rural areas and farmers which produce the products.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00182-00119638-00119992": "Thank you very much, Professor Pude. Good luck for your future research.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00183-00120018-00120082": "Thank you.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00184-00120198-00120544": "After the labs, we were, interested in visiting some companies.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00185-00120595-00120942": "The company Karodur, which is producing insulation panels", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00186-00120985-00121296": "and the company Creapaper, which is producing grass paper.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00187-00121351-00121789": "However, due to the present situation, we could not go to the companies directly.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00188-00121861-00122268": "Instead, we rely on material provided by them.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00189-00122334-00122702": "For the virtual visit, we selected the company Creapaper.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00190-00122756-00123372": "A modest farm in Rheinbach on the outskirts of Bonn may be set to revolutionise the paper industry.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00191-00123382-00123820": "This is because Uwe D’Agnone together with scientists from the University of Bonn is", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00192-00123822-00124126": "looking into ways to use grass in paper production.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00193-00124153-00124488": "Such a development was something close to the founder's heart after", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00194-00124494-00125041": "he saw a report on the television about the enormous amount of wood used in the paper industry.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00195-00125128-00125708": "The report presented figures revealing how an area of primeval forest the size of Switzerland is", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00196-00125714-00125981": "felt for the Indonesian paper industry alone.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00197-00126060-00126514": "These figures were so shocking to me, I realised I needed to make a change here.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00198-00126690-00126901": "The advantages are clearly apparent.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00199-00126908-00127347": "While wood tends to be transported over long distances as a raw material,", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00200-00127348-00127820": "grass grows everywhere, making it particularly environmentally friendly.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00201-00127856-00128040": "Grass can really replace trees.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00202-00128077-00128420": "What we actually need for paper production is the fibers from the material.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00203-00128472-00128788": "With trees, this involves a complex method of extraction.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00204-00128818-00129346": "In other words, we need to use a lot of chemicals while consuming vast amounts of water and", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00205-00129348-00129763": "a great deal of energy to subsequently obtain cellulose from trees.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00206-00129790-00130028": "Luckily, things are somewhat different with grass.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00207-00130069-00130516": "In other words, we can simply process the fibers mechanically as they're almost pure.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00208-00130594-00130970": "Yet it took cooperation from the Department of Renewable Raw Materials", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00209-00130980-00131270": "at the University of Bonn to achieve a breakthrough in", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00210-00131274-00131638": "the search for the ideal composition of grass in paper production.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00211-00131669-00132142": "We receive hay which we then crush in a special process so as to obtain just", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00212-00132150-00132420": "the right length of fiber we need later in the paper.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00213-00132433-00132731": "This is then added to the politicization process at the top.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00214-00132742-00133258": "The material then falls in from above where it is ground a little by these rollers", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00215-00133272-00133704": "so we can then achieve a better degree of graining for the fibers prior to", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00216-00133704-00133869": "the politicization downstream.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00217-00133878-00134242": "These pellets are then taken to the paper mill and look like this.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00218-00134254-00134806": "They should not be too solid nor too soft either, and are then analysed further in the next step.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00219-00134968-00135548": "Uwe D’Agnone is on a customer visit at the Scheufelen paper mill in Lenningen near Stuttgart.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00220-00135562-00136014": "Although Ulrich Scheufelen is now the honorary chairman of a traditional company,", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00221-00136026-00136336": "he's still open to new ideas like grass paper.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00222-00136614-00137022": "We are only in the early stages with grass paper. We have been doing it for 6 months.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00223-00137068-00137479": "We are making it with the same machines we also use for manufacturing paper from wood.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00224-00137536-00137758": "We need to refine the process a little here.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00225-00137821-00138274": "This is entirely new territory for us, but we've made tremendous progress.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00226-00138304-00138772": "We already established in the packaging market and I think grass paper and grass carton has", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00227-00138772-00138874": "a promising future.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00228-00138904-00139250": "The product is especially interesting for the packaging industry.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00229-00139294-00139628": "We have a selection here where we can see the product is very suitable", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00230-00139634-00139920": "for use in important areas of the food industry.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00231-00139975-00140407": "We're currently producing fresh fibre products of fruit and vegetable trays for", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00232-00140407-00140560": "direct contact with food.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00233-00140590-00140982": "And, in contrast to recycled paper, it's also much healthier.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00234-00141054-00141589": "We found that we save 75% of CO2 emissions in comparison to fresh fibre.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00235-00141652-00141918": "This is due to the difference in preparation methods.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00236-00141973-00142192": "We no longer have to use any chemicals.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00237-00142231-00142812": "We only need two liters of water instead of 6000 liters of water per tonne of raw material,", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00238-00142846-00143134": "and we only use a tenth of the energy.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00239-00143423-00144026": "It is interesting to note that the labs and the companies are not acting in isolation.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00240-00144089-00144635": "They are embedded in a supportive environment, in global actions towards sustainability.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00241-00144707-00145084": "This involves the University of Bonn with its sustainability centres,", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00242-00145188-00145632": "of which the labs are members and the United Nations in Bonn,", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00243-00145656-00146362": "their focus on environment, ecosystems, biodiversity and climate change.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00244-00146484-00146612": "See it for yourself.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00245-00158842-00159280": "Now, let's leave the global issue and go back to the local activities,", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00246-00159316-00159792": "go back to the experimental farm where we started our visit and our discussion.", "fyNwgL3UUGk-00247-00159892-00160278": "We hope you enjoyed the virtual visit and you got some benefit out of it."}}, {"audio_id": "fyby5HuC1VA", "text": {"fyby5HuC1VA-00000-00000000-00000200": "DEEPER LIFE BIBLE CHURCH CHARLOTTSVILLE JESUS ONLY IS OUR MESSAGE SUBSCRIBE, LISTEN AND SHARE"}}, {"audio_id": "fzqmJsalJuM", "text": {"fzqmJsalJuM-00000-00000078-00000544": "In this final video for section 6.3, we are going to look at some slightly more complex", "fzqmJsalJuM-00001-00000544-00000644": "evaluations.", "fzqmJsalJuM-00002-00000644-00001025": "For the last few problems on your homework, you will be asked to calculate some EXACT", "fzqmJsalJuM-00003-00001025-00001250": "answers (which means that we can't really use the", "fzqmJsalJuM-00004-00001250-00001620": "calculator, since it will kick out decimal approximations.", "fzqmJsalJuM-00005-00001620-00001952": "Because these questions are multi-step, we really need to think about the effect that", "fzqmJsalJuM-00006-00001952-00002261": "the limited domain/range required by our inverse function", "fzqmJsalJuM-00007-00002261-00002473": "will have on our answers.", "fzqmJsalJuM-00008-00002473-00004143": "For our first example, let's try to evaluate the expression sin^-1(cos(11pi/6)).", "fzqmJsalJuM-00009-00004143-00004687": "Like in all good order-of-operations problems, we like to start with the inside-most parentheses.", "fzqmJsalJuM-00010-00004687-00005103": "In this case, that means that we want to take the cosine of 11pi/6.", "fzqmJsalJuM-00011-00005103-00005448": "We can look that up on our unit circle!", "fzqmJsalJuM-00012-00005448-00006067": "It is sqrt(3)/2.", "fzqmJsalJuM-00013-00006067-00006644": "Then we want to find the inverse sine of sqrt(3)/2.", "fzqmJsalJuM-00014-00006644-00007920": "Well, there are 2 angles that have this sine: pi/3 and 2pi/3.", "fzqmJsalJuM-00015-00007920-00008742": "However, since we are looking for the inverse sine", "fzqmJsalJuM-00016-00008742-00009651": "we MUST choose the answer that lies in our restricted one-to-one range [-pi/2,pi/2].", "fzqmJsalJuM-00017-00009651-00010194": "The only angle that works, then is pi/3.", "fzqmJsalJuM-00018-00010194-00010453": "Our next example becomes a little more complex.", "fzqmJsalJuM-00019-00010453-00011724": "Here we want to evaluate the expression cos(sin^-1(12/13)).", "fzqmJsalJuM-00020-00011724-00012220": "If we try to find an exact answer for the inverse sine of 12/13,", "fzqmJsalJuM-00021-00012220-00012626": "we have a slight problem, since this is not one of our commonly known numbers.", "fzqmJsalJuM-00022-00012626-00013118": "Generally we'd default to our calculator, but these problems very specifically ask for", "fzqmJsalJuM-00023-00013118-00013269": "an exact answer.", "fzqmJsalJuM-00024-00013269-00013719": "So let's think a little deeper about what this problem is asking us to find.", "fzqmJsalJuM-00025-00013719-00014034": "We could reword this problem in the following way:", "fzqmJsalJuM-00026-00014034-00015550": "What is the cosine of the angle whose sine is 12/13?", "fzqmJsalJuM-00027-00015550-00016072": "Well, we have solved problems like this before!", "fzqmJsalJuM-00028-00016072-00016912": "We can use the Pythagorean identity: sin^2(theta) + cos^2(theta) = 1.", "fzqmJsalJuM-00029-00016912-00018007": "Plugging in the 12/13 for the sine, we find that:", "fzqmJsalJuM-00030-00018007-00019131": "(12/13)^2 + cos^2(theta) = 1", "fzqmJsalJuM-00031-00019131-00020254": "144/169 + cos^2(theta) = 1", "fzqmJsalJuM-00032-00020254-00020816": "cos^2(theta) = 25/169", "fzqmJsalJuM-00033-00020816-00021768": "Then take the square root of each side to get cos(theta) = +or- 5/13.", "fzqmJsalJuM-00034-00021768-00022303": "Which one?", "fzqmJsalJuM-00035-00022303-00023932": "Well the arcsin(12/13) indicates an answer between -pi/2 and pi/2.", "fzqmJsalJuM-00036-00023932-00024810": "Since the 12/13 was positive, then that means we were in the first quadrant.", "fzqmJsalJuM-00037-00024810-00025437": "Since the cosine of an angle in the first quadrant is positive, then we want to choose", "fzqmJsalJuM-00038-00025437-00026239": "positive 5/13 as our result.", "fzqmJsalJuM-00039-00026239-00027032": "For a final example, let's consider this similar (but quite different!)", "fzqmJsalJuM-00040-00027032-00027494": "example.", "fzqmJsalJuM-00041-00027494-00027956": "cos(sin^-1(-12/13)).", "fzqmJsalJuM-00042-00027956-00028645": "Again, we want to start at our inside most parentheses,", "fzqmJsalJuM-00043-00028645-00029152": "but realize that we don't know an exact angle that has a sine of -12/13.", "fzqmJsalJuM-00044-00029152-00029552": "Since we don't actually care about the angle - but rather want to know the COSINE of that", "fzqmJsalJuM-00045-00029552-00029917": "same angle, we can use the Pythagorean identity.", "fzqmJsalJuM-00046-00029917-00030502": "sin^2(theta) + cos^2(theta) = 1.", "fzqmJsalJuM-00047-00030502-00031245": "Plugging in the -12/13 for the sine, we find that:", "fzqmJsalJuM-00048-00031245-00031389": "(-12/13)^2 + cos^2(theta) = 1", "fzqmJsalJuM-00049-00031389-00031533": "144/169 + cos^2(theta) = 1", "fzqmJsalJuM-00050-00031533-00031633": "cos^2(theta) = 25/169", "fzqmJsalJuM-00051-00031633-00033458": "Then take the square root of each side to get the same answer as last time: that the", "fzqmJsalJuM-00052-00033458-00033999": "cos(theta) = +or- 5/13.", "fzqmJsalJuM-00053-00033999-00034360": "Which one?", "fzqmJsalJuM-00054-00034360-00035501": "Well, since the arcsin (-12/13) indicates an answer between -pi/2 and pi/2, and the", "fzqmJsalJuM-00055-00035501-00035622": "12/13 was negative,", "fzqmJsalJuM-00056-00035622-00036134": "then that means our answer was in the 4th quadrant (between -pi/2 and 0).", "fzqmJsalJuM-00057-00036134-00036993": "Now, we want to find the cosine of an angle in the 4th quadrant.", "fzqmJsalJuM-00058-00036993-00037668": "Well, the cosine is positive in both the first and fourth quadrants!", "fzqmJsalJuM-00059-00037668-00038545": "Which means we again want to pick the positive result for our answer in this case.", "fzqmJsalJuM-00060-00038545-00040273": "And we find that cos(sin^-1(-12/13)) = 5/13.", "fzqmJsalJuM-00061-00040273-00040528": "Think of these last few problems as a little bit of a puzzle.", "fzqmJsalJuM-00062-00040528-00040921": "Make sure you pay attention to the limited domains and ranges of the inverse trig functions", "fzqmJsalJuM-00063-00040921-00041403": "when making decisions about your solutions so your answers end up in the correct quadrants."}}, {"audio_id": "fzAXvCOsYmy", "text": {"fzAXvCOsYmy-00000-00000000-00000375": "the following video contains healthy dose of real news one with satirical", "fzAXvCOsYmy-00001-00000375-00000768": "fake news and purely fictional notes if it's not tell the difference as to", "fzAXvCOsYmy-00002-00000768-00001269": "parents I'll contact using this video is use for satirical and informative", "fzAXvCOsYmy-00003-00001269-00001692": "purposes this review and nobody can properly replace the source material", "fzAXvCOsYmy-00004-00001692-00002226": "evidence and no way to put in any profits potential or otherwise made on", "fzAXvCOsYmy-00005-00002226-00002859": "them coming up at eleven ten ways to tells your Russian spy this is Nexus", "fzAXvCOsYmy-00006-00002859-00003773": "news monthly [poorly imitates news show jingles] I have no idea how to do this... Hello", "fzAXvCOsYmy-00007-00003773-00004189": "and welcome to Nexus news monthly the most real source of fake news on the Internet", "fzAXvCOsYmy-00008-00004189-00004632": "Nintendo stream genuine intent over the right to be revealing a handful of games", "fzAXvCOsYmy-00009-00004632-00005061": "coming to the Nintendo switch as well as answering Achilles question game must", "fzAXvCOsYmy-00010-00005061-00005594": "have been asking as a surprise to no one Splatoon 2 and to scan remedy new mario", "fzAXvCOsYmy-00011-00005594-00006069": "game where announced what was surprising is that the switch will not have region", "fzAXvCOsYmy-00012-00006069-00006529": "logging and you will have to pay for online multiplayer after every period", "fzAXvCOsYmy-00013-00006529-00007068": "similar to Xbox lives with Nintendo now having a long history of not having to", "fzAXvCOsYmy-00014-00007068-00007493": "paint use their own leg services it seems like one step forward in a", "fzAXvCOsYmy-00015-00007493-00007940": "thousand steps back just another entry in d1 list of questionable business", "fzAXvCOsYmy-00016-00007940-00008385": "decisions Nintendo has made over the years thank your decision to make it", "fzAXvCOsYmy-00017-00008385-00008874": "enhanced port of Mario Kart 8 aides to the new game of that series truly this", "fzAXvCOsYmy-00018-00008874-00009318": "is one case where Nintendo should have stayed in the past of course I'm sure", "fzAXvCOsYmy-00019-00009318-00009824": "more people are certainly concerned about the trans leaders job security Oh", "fzAXvCOsYmy-00020-00009824-00010404": "World of Warcraft patch update seven point one point five hit this month Liz that comes", "fzAXvCOsYmy-00021-00010404-00010871": "time logging for the dungeons no one was waiting for Warlords- it's Mists of Pandaria", "fzAXvCOsYmy-00022-00010871-00011372": "students it's all ogre for members of the ball where skilled as well as it", "fzAXvCOsYmy-00023-00011372-00011895": "continues with sharps jumping antics of three new bosses including Ogrewatch I", "fzAXvCOsYmy-00024-00011895-00012432": "reference the most presents breakout hit Overwatch and one of the stupidest and", "fzAXvCOsYmy-00025-00012432-00012897": "most overused means the Internet has ever known micro days has also been", "fzAXvCOsYmy-00026-00012897-00013285": "added I'm still moving up a pony appreciation day", "fzAXvCOsYmy-00027-00013285-00013882": "come on lizard you know we want it this just in massive tag 720 let's just hit", "fzAXvCOsYmy-00028-00013882-00014335": "the privilege Israel more on this next month's over on the ORACLE Fleet (Phantasy Star Online 2/PSO2) the", "fzAXvCOsYmy-00029-00014335-00014932": "Arks are gearing up for the unity Valentines Day stasis give agates as well as continuing", "fzAXvCOsYmy-00030-00014932-00015438": "their new year's Carnival event we sure to grab 2017 weapons badges and the new", "fzAXvCOsYmy-00031-00015438-00015982": "limited events PSO2 The Animation characters RINA Silva Lilika the", "fzAXvCOsYmy-00032-00015982-00016441": "return for a limited times about the partner card so you still can don't know", "fzAXvCOsYmy-00033-00016441-00016831": "why you'd want them though they have no mags they don't give you any prizes for", "fzAXvCOsYmy-00034-00016831-00017323": "continually teaming up with that newest arts cast scratch card includes the new", "fzAXvCOsYmy-00035-00017323-00017773": "sexy style outfit which is sort of be a huge hit with men lesbians and those", "fzAXvCOsYmy-00036-00017773-00018256": "pedophiles a plea is unrealistic looking little girls and do this up to news", "fzAXvCOsYmy-00037-00018256-00018667": "Kamen Rider Gemn (from Kamen Rider Ex-Aid) leveled up to Level X with the nine mortal form of", "fzAXvCOsYmy-00038-00018667-00019162": "Dangerous Zombie, offing Kamen Rider Lazer in the process clearly once", "fzAXvCOsYmy-00039-00019162-00019678": "again no writer is safe except Ex-Aid of course because he's the main one so if", "fzAXvCOsYmy-00040-00019678-00020227": "he does die he'll just come back by the next episode 3xa g2 has leveled up to", "fzAXvCOsYmy-00041-00020227-00020821": "level X because the Mario Bros inspired Mighty Action XX and is leveled", "fzAXvCOsYmy-00042-00020821-00021196": "up even further into their but unprecedented Level XX where there are", "fzAXvCOsYmy-00043-00021196-00021784": "now two of him well it would be impressive instead of Kamen Rider Wizard's trying for", "fzAXvCOsYmy-00044-00021784-00022207": "students already pull something like this Parad finally makes his move", "fzAXvCOsYmy-00045-00022207-00022701": "with a new Gashat Gear Dual trip learning into Kamen Rider Para-DX", "fzAXvCOsYmy-00046-00022701-00023548": "those are the DX as in diagnosis is he a doctor because they have a connection to", "fzAXvCOsYmy-00047-00023548-00024076": "ml only time will tell and the brony fandom we finally have some closer to", "fzAXvCOsYmy-00048-00024076-00024568": "the Avon KP (ILoveKimPossibleALot) Leaks incident as at least three of the people responsible have", "fzAXvCOsYmy-00049-00024568-00024928": "come forward than apologize for the rabbit misinformation and character", "fzAXvCOsYmy-00050-00024928-00025312": "assassination admitting that they might have been more the wrong than KP", "fzAXvCOsYmy-00051-00025312-00025714": "yourself and that they had both many believed themselves and allowed the", "fzAXvCOsYmy-00052-00025714-00026197": "person who ran the KP leaks Twitter to manipulate them some of their opinion", "fzAXvCOsYmy-00053-00026197-00026557": "has come to a general consensus that they probably sort of gas", "fzAXvCOsYmy-00054-00026557-00026995": "that was her in the first place as I deleted all the drama in the first place", "fzAXvCOsYmy-00055-00026995-00027420": "well there are no clear winners in this scenario I think we can all agree that", "fzAXvCOsYmy-00056-00027420-00027985": "there is one clear loser the guy who ran the KP leaks Twitter to major social", "fzAXvCOsYmy-00057-00027985-00028438": "video sharing website DailyTube (Youtube+Dailymotion) but scorned users enough for Jesus to have a", "fzAXvCOsYmy-00058-00028438-00028795": "maid and mass exodus to the up-and-coming social video sharing", "fzAXvCOsYmy-00059-00028795-00029422": "website BitCast (Vidbit+Zippcast) this is in because vanish of the faces games or net-pad", "fzAXvCOsYmy-00060-00029422-00029872": "Jesus are making a mass exodus to the up-and-coming social video sharing", "fzAXvCOsYmy-00061-00029872-00030397": "website ZippMe (Zipcast+Vidme) this just in, Zipme has shut down (pft I correctly predicted Vidme's shutdown) as the owner has a large", "fzAXvCOsYmy-00062-00030397-00031008": "ego and cannot take max's amounts of criticism from skeptical users yousa for", "fzAXvCOsYmy-00063-00031008-00031545": "the wonders why people still trust video sharing website there's just in people", "fzAXvCOsYmy-00064-00031545-00031975": "Clinton to be scoring full more members as the Bitcas staff are now working", "fzAXvCOsYmy-00065-00031975-00032536": "on a new social video showing site Bitcast Futurejolt (Zippcast+Vidbit Future+Metajolt) only time will tell us", "fzAXvCOsYmy-00066-00032536-00033091": "their endeavors will pay off it related you its creator driven do sharing site", "fzAXvCOsYmy-00067-00033091-00033652": "Revverssnip (Revver+Blip+Vessel+Vine) has been sold the LexCorp-Oscorp Industries which probably shut it", "fzAXvCOsYmy-00068-00033652-00034156": "down and used all the assets improve their own telecommunication services we", "fzAXvCOsYmy-00069-00034156-00034525": "go now live to Equestria where things have been peaceful as of late with our", "fzAXvCOsYmy-00070-00034525-00034963": "life correspondent News Paper newest deeper if anything newsworthy happened", "fzAXvCOsYmy-00071-00034963-00035512": "over there na Mac till the inks brigade and the former element bearers recently", "fzAXvCOsYmy-00072-00035512-00035971": "sent up to the Far Eastern land of japoni and it's mostly been diesel here", "fzAXvCOsYmy-00073-00035971-00036394": "and when I wasn't incident with a bud bird that was handled masterfully by the", "fzAXvCOsYmy-00074-00036394-00036868": "unlikely group that defeated Queen Chrysalis last time backward in Matthew", "fzAXvCOsYmy-00075-00036868-00037309": "oh that's all for this month edition of Nexus news monthly book we should leave", "fzAXvCOsYmy-00076-00037309-00037780": "comments below or whatever and for upcoming mailbag segments you would like", "fzAXvCOsYmy-00077-00037780-00038125": "though with a segment of the show we serve the private message me here on", "fzAXvCOsYmy-00078-00038125-00038749": "YouTube even ask i met you and fog humbler calm or join my discord server", "fzAXvCOsYmy-00079-00038749-00039148": "and project message me on this course children just know that there are", "fzAXvCOsYmy-00080-00039148-00039496": "deadlines that must be a here give you want your segments to be part of the", "fzAXvCOsYmy-00081-00039496-00039936": "show and don't next time stay informed"}}, {"audio_id": "fzWTQJ26g7U", "text": {"fzWTQJ26g7U-00000-00000443-00001038": "the first step before anybody else in the world believes it is you have to", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00001-00001038-00001813": "believe it there's no reason to have a plan because it distracts from plan a", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00002-00001817-00002761": "Confucius said he who says he can and he who says he can't are both usually right", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00003-00002761-00003411": "being realistic is the most commonly traveled road to mediocrity why would", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00004-00003411-00004251": "you be realistic what's the point of being realistic you have to believe that", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00005-00004251-00004673": "something different than what has happened you have to believe that", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00006-00004673-00005409": "something different can happen rather than feeling like you're at a fete to", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00007-00005409-00006159": "all the things that are happening make a choice you just decide what is gonna be", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00008-00006159-00006706": "who you're gonna be how you're gonna do it just decide and then from that point", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00009-00006706-00007418": "the universe is going to get out your way greatness is not this wonderful", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00010-00007418-00008409": "esoteric illusive godlike feature that only the special among us will ever", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00011-00008409-00010082": "taste it's something that truly exists in all of us decide commit act succeed", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00012-00010082-00010586": "repeat if you want to be an impactful", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00013-00010586-00011382": "personality you have to develop certain types of thinking and perceptions that", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00014-00011382-00012065": "change the way you see yourself and see the world no matter what you want to do", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00015-00012065-00012588": "in life no matter what your ambition is that your dreams can come true if you", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00016-00012588-00013163": "persevere if you work hard and if you realize that what you might think is", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00017-00013163-00013890": "impossible is possible in today's world but you have to keep yourself focused on", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00018-00013890-00014369": "whatever your ultimate goal is there stumble there stumbling blocks all the", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00019-00014369-00014757": "way people get laid off you have a bad game you get traded from the team that", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00020-00014757-00015207": "you don't want to be with but if your goal and your focus remains the same", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00021-00015207-00015591": "that hey this is going to happen and I know I have the skills and I have the", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00022-00015591-00015936": "knowledge and have the instincts to dig myself out of this hole you will dig", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00023-00015936-00016188": "yourself out of hope you have to control the situation", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00024-00016188-00016544": "don't let the situation control you", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00025-00016547-00017150": "your life is what you think it should be that's exactly what you are right now", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00026-00017150-00017708": "you are what you thought you should be and if you don't like who you are you", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00027-00017708-00018182": "got to change what you think you should be what you think is more important than", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00028-00018182-00018802": "what you do and so if you want to change you got to work on this attitude bit", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00029-00018802-00019409": "when you take on a massive change whether it's trying to dye it after a", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00030-00019409-00019994": "lifetime of being overweight or maybe running your first race after a lifetime", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00031-00019994-00020780": "of never ever exercising or maybe it's starting to date again after you lost", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00032-00020780-00021302": "your spouse to cancer when you confront something that's gonna require you to", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00033-00021302-00022034": "change your behavior you basically come face-to-face with the gap between who", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00034-00022034-00022683": "you are right now and the future person you want to be", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00035-00022683-00023217": "so you need to foster the belief in what you are dreaming so that it becomes a", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00036-00023217-00023691": "reality which is very different than saying don't expect anybody to believe", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00037-00023691-00024631": "it until I see it you need people to believe it before they can see", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00038-00024631-00025151": "here is how you can assure yourself to enjoy yourself during the process of", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00039-00025151-00025553": "whatever it is you're trying to achieve I want you to get this because it starts", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00040-00025553-00026018": "as soon as you open up your eyes in the morning or whenever it is that you start", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00041-00026018-00026458": "today as soon as you open up your eyes to greet the day you enter into", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00042-00026458-00026994": "consciousness it is at that moment that your creativity is at its most powerful", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00043-00026994-00027410": "right there and then you have an opportunity to steer your thoughts and", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00044-00027410-00027922": "your emotions in the direction that you want them to go not in the direction", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00045-00027922-00028433": "that they're telling you to go in other words you can literally choose to seize", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00046-00028433-00029069": "the day or you can let the day seize you nothing works the first time when you", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00047-00029069-00029543": "try something new it probably won't work every failed experiment is one step", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00048-00029543-00030064": "closer to success you've got to take risks if you don't fail", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00049-00030064-00030557": "you're not even trying to get something you never had you have to do something", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00050-00030557-00031294": "you never did every time you lose at something you're one step closer winning", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00051-00031294-00031625": "the next time the difference between successful people are not successful", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00052-00031625-00032095": "people let's call it battery our people give up people wake up every morning", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00053-00032095-00032569": "have doubt they have fear they're losing a Ferrari race or you're losing a race", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00054-00032569-00033053": "and then they just give up the the the hardest thing in life to learn is to", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00055-00033053-00033455": "lose winning is easy you win you're happy you get a high five your friends", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00056-00033455-00033857": "are happy it's your ability to take a loss get up the next day dust yourself", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00057-00033857-00034208": "off you", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00058-00034208-00034707": "this isn't about playing basketball like Michael Jordan Kobe Bryant Dwayne Wade", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00059-00034707-00035100": "there's guys in the NBA that never gonna play basketball like that this is about", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00060-00035100-00035772": "being able to think like a champion know what goes on in their heads understand", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00061-00035772-00036249": "how you can relate it to your business and whatever you do to take yourself to", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00062-00036249-00036624": "the next level remember the mind controls of body the body does not", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00063-00036624-00037068": "control the mind what makes these guys special and successful and everything", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00064-00037068-00037635": "they do is not their physical gifts it's their mental toughness they have the", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00065-00037635-00038505": "ability not to think what everyone else is thinking so what I want you to do as", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00066-00038505-00038937": "soon as you open up your eyes to start the days to mmediately start focusing on", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00067-00038937-00039246": "something or someone that you are totally grateful for in your life I", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00068-00039246-00039645": "don't care what it is or who it is but I want you to feel it with your heart and", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00069-00039645-00040302": "soul your only goal as soon as you open up your eyes is to be to make yourself", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00070-00040302-00040716": "feel good and to give yourself enough confidence to get through the day don't", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00071-00040716-00041271": "worry about what needs to be done think about who you have to be in order to get", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00072-00041271-00041580": "it done I believe the emotions that many of us", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00073-00041580-00042021": "consider negative like frustration and rejection and pain can be our greatest", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00074-00042021-00042396": "friends because they can drive us to success you know what I think one of the", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00075-00042396-00042657": "things that happened for a lot of people when they get successful is to get", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00076-00042657-00042951": "superstitious it's like they worked so hard for the success and they now find", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00077-00042951-00043203": "the abbot's all of a sudden they don't change they don't bury their behavior", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00078-00043203-00043521": "they kind of like want to stay the way things are they get incredibly", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00079-00043521-00043922": "conservative and they miss out on the juice of life stay out of the trap", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00080-00043922-00044415": "listen when people succeed they tend to party when they failed they tend to", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00081-00044415-00044707": "ponder now the pondering many times we create", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00082-00044707-00045214": "our greatest successes in life just remember it's impossible to fail", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00083-00045214-00045607": "you try something that doesn't work just try something else and learn something", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00084-00045607-00046360": "from what you just did long as you learn something you succeeded start with", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00085-00046360-00046708": "something small if you want and then bill but right now write down two", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00086-00046708-00047119": "decisions you've made and then take action on them immediately I mean right", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00087-00047119-00047503": "now I mean even before I finish talking here stop the date pick up the phone and", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00088-00047503-00047851": "make that call you've been waiting for do not put it off another minute I don't", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00089-00047851-00048199": "care what it takes there's power and momentum I'm a big", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00090-00048199-00048490": "believer that once you set a goal once you make a decision you should", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00091-00048490-00048970": "immediately in that moment do something to start making progress towards it that", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00092-00048970-00049405": "way you can't cop out later on or get caught up or lose your momentum so", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00093-00049405-00049675": "please do it now and I know not all things can be done right now so maybe", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00094-00049675-00049960": "it's something you have to do tomorrow morning but whatever you're gonna do", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00095-00049960-00050293": "make the decision and then commit to follow-through and then check in", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00096-00050293-00050905": "tomorrow cuz this is the first step to grabbing your personal power remember", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00097-00050905-00051328": "this so you got to get out there you got to give it everything you got", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00098-00051328-00052275": "whether it's your time your your your talent your prayers or your treasures", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00099-00052347-00052897": "about your dream because I'm in a room full of three months think about your", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00100-00052897-00053304": "dream right now what you think about it and envision it", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00101-00053304-00054075": "now ladies and gentlemen let me share something with you I do not believe that", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00102-00054075-00054780": "any of us have dreams that were not given to us for the purpose of", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00103-00054780-00055198": "accomplishing those particular dreams and I want to share something with you", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00104-00055198-00056119": "that has changed my life I started out as was indicated by Jack very humble", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00105-00056119-00056638": "beginnings I don't know what that dream is that you have I don't care how", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00106-00056638-00057136": "far-fetched it might appear to be I don't care how disappointing it might've", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00107-00057136-00057799": "been as you've been working toward that dream but here's what I know but that", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00108-00057799-00058361": "dream that you're holding in your mind that it's possible let's say that", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00109-00058361-00059159": "together leaves a it's possible to sometimes we can't say I can do that but", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00110-00059159-00059670": "what we can say and it's possible that I could have my", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00111-00059670-00060423": "dream as we run toward it as we work on it day in and day out no one ladies and", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00112-00060423-00061139": "gentlemen could have convinced me when I started out just over six years ago", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00113-00061139-00061574": "working on my dream and I want you to think about whatever your dream is", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00114-00061574-00062127": "because I was willing to take a chance and most people want to do that most of", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00115-00062127-00062523": "the people that you talk to to try and bring them into the business these are", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00116-00062523-00063008": "not risk-takers most people have done all that they're ever going to do they", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00117-00063008-00063507": "raise a family they earn a living and then they died but people were running", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00118-00063507-00063969": "toward their dreams life has a special kind of meaning and here's what I will", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00119-00063969-00064730": "share with you that in the process of working on your dreams you are going to", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00120-00064730-00065448": "incur and incur a lot of disappointment a lot of failure a lot of pain a lot of", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00121-00065448-00066141": "setbacks a lot of defeats but in the process of doing that you will discover", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00122-00066141-00066567": "some things about yourself that you don't know right now what you will", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00123-00066567-00067127": "realize is that you have greatness within you what you'll realize is that", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00124-00067127-00067617": "you're more powerful than you can ever begin to imagine what you will realize", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00125-00067617-00068043": "is that you're greater than your circumstances that you don't have to go", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00126-00068043-00068449": "through life being a victim", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00127-00068449-00068833": "no matter who you are what walk of life you're in number one you have to own", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00128-00068833-00069268": "your own happiness not take it away from other people demanding that they make", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00129-00069268-00070006": "you happy happy beautiful people you've heard it right you're we're to be", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00130-00070006-00070459": "vibrant people we're to be happy people we're to be joyous people but that", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00131-00070459-00070990": "doesn't happen by itself but we have to do is we have to try and the reason we", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00132-00070990-00071418": "have to try is because life gets in the way", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00133-00071418-00072049": "all of us have within us this amazing capacity to manifest and attract", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00134-00072049-00072455": "anything that we want into our life", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00135-00072455-00073141": "you're a seed you are full of gifts talents potential but if you plant", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00136-00073141-00073788": "yourself in unhealthy soil if you hang around friends that compromise pull you", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00137-00073788-00074286": "down if you're in an environment that's limited with people that tell you what", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00138-00074286-00074923": "you can't become you won't see the growth that you should you are loved you", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00139-00074923-00075483": "are divine put that into your imagination I am I am well I am happy I", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00140-00075483-00076094": "am content I am fulfilled even if your senses tell you that you're depressed I", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00141-00076094-00077031": "have the power I have the power to make this happen I have the power to create", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00142-00077031-00077762": "this I have the power to attract this I have the power to save my relationship I", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00143-00077762-00078426": "have the power to build an unstoppable business that serves people all over the", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00144-00078426-00079308": "world I have the power to write my next book for my first book so by placing", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00145-00079308-00079786": "into your imagination what you want and assuming the feeling of that wish has", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00146-00079786-00080199": "already fulfilled you go through your life feeling that when enough of us do", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00147-00080199-00080810": "that we will we will transform this planet I'm telling you it can be done", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00148-00080810-00081542": "when you know you can you escape the prison of limiting beliefs when you know", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00149-00081542-00082232": "you can you reclaim your power your joy and your freedom as you free yourself", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00150-00082232-00082820": "from the prison of limiting beliefs by choosing empowering beliefs you truly", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00151-00082820-00083383": "can be and do and have whatever you desire", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00152-00083401-00083864": "your personality creates your personal reality that's it", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00153-00083864-00084533": "it's that simple and your personality is made up of how you think how you act and", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00154-00084533-00085430": "how you feel what you think and what you believe is what will come true for you", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00155-00085430-00085904": "your thoughts create your life it's that simple", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00156-00085904-00086732": "and when we can get that we can make enormous changes you're not supposed to", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00157-00086732-00087389": "go around solemn serious all the time burden down by problems taking time to", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00158-00087389-00087953": "laugh to have fun that reenergize is you it helps keep you", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00159-00087953-00088538": "in balance if it's all work all stress all dealing with problems that's going", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00160-00088538-00089324": "to weigh you down you need to start giving the vocabulary of happy to your", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00161-00089324-00089969": "families you have to start giving the vocabulary of happy to your teens", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00162-00089969-00090650": "but too often we used to laugh when we were dating we used to have fun we used", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00163-00090650-00091031": "to enjoy each other but now we'd let the pressures of life", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00164-00091031-00091535": "cause us to become more solemn we don't have time to laugh we have bills to pay", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00165-00091535-00092012": "we have children to raise we're dealing with problems we don't see eye to eye on", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00166-00092012-00092558": "every situation but the joy is what's going to help you get through the tough", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00167-00092558-00093226": "times laughing together having fun that's going to help keep you together", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00168-00093325-00094115": "you have a life that's better than 95% of the people in this planet most of the", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00169-00094115-00094556": "people in this planet do not have the luxury that you have right now to watch", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00170-00094556-00095078": "somebody on a video on YouTube and be able to benefit from that and receive", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00171-00095078-00095489": "information that could actually improve and better your life most people don't", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00172-00095489-00095837": "have that luxury most people do not have a frickin computer and the Internet", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00173-00095837-00096533": "where you can have access to this most people don't have the chair that the the", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00174-00096533-00097163": "roof that you have over your head right now too many of you are sitting around", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00175-00097163-00097736": "waiting to feel ready you can still forward when you're not ready too many", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00176-00097736-00098081": "of you waiting to feel like you deserve to make", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00177-00098081-00098816": "six figures it's about the action your mind your history your past you will", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00178-00098816-00099308": "always have a million excuses not to do it not to feel like it not believe in", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00179-00099308-00099944": "yourself you are a master creator constantly creating your life an exacta", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00180-00099944-00100493": "board with your thoughts and feelings you are an external being worthy of", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00181-00100493-00101083": "anything and everything you desire if you wanted to create a new personal", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00182-00101083-00101531": "reality that on a fundamental level you would have to change the thoughts that", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00183-00101531-00101963": "you are thinking the behaviors and habits that you're demonstrating and the", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00184-00101963-00102436": "emotions that you've memorized that's become part of your identity and most", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00185-00102436-00102989": "people try to create a new personal reality as the same personality and it", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00186-00102989-00103739": "never works we have to become somebody else", "fzWTQJ26g7U-00187-00103755-00103960": "you"}}, {"audio_id": "f-28TcGKPBk", "text": {"f-28TcGKPBk-00000-00000003-00000429": "no one reads terms of conditions like or disclaimers at all you can't expect a", "f-28TcGKPBk-00001-00000429-00000735": "user who needs a service in 15 minutes from now", "f-28TcGKPBk-00002-00000735-00001274": "Fredman account that he will read 30,000 50,000 words in that particular moment", "f-28TcGKPBk-00003-00001274-00002018": "you actually need to understand how users behave and and track that behavior", "f-28TcGKPBk-00004-00004614-00006939": "Prime Minister has announced the most drastic at this point it's clear that", "f-28TcGKPBk-00005-00006939-00007375": "we're gonna have a recession is more severe than the global financial crisis", "f-28TcGKPBk-00006-00007375-00007789": "we are looking at other available options more and more people are buying", "f-28TcGKPBk-00007-00007789-00008152": "and holding Bitcoin Bitcoin Bitcoin let's take a look at Bitcoin some call", "f-28TcGKPBk-00008-00008152-00008461": "this digital gold everybody should problem 1 percent of", "f-28TcGKPBk-00009-00008461-00009818": "their assets in Bitcoin", "f-28TcGKPBk-00010-00009818-00011108": "everything.. Dear crypto community blockchain buddies across the globe,", "f-28TcGKPBk-00011-00011108-00011450": "Welcome back to Cryptonites, the no BS blockchain channel built with the", "f-28TcGKPBk-00012-00011450-00011909": "community and for the community and we are here at the crypto compare digital", "f-28TcGKPBk-00013-00011909-00012464": "asset summit 2020 with tons of exciting guests and ready to entertain you with", "f-28TcGKPBk-00014-00012464-00012961": "timeless interviews and I'm very very happy today to say that we have Stani", "f-28TcGKPBk-00015-00012961-00013541": "Kulechov founder of Aave one of the exciting projects in DeFi, Stani I'm", "f-28TcGKPBk-00016-00013541-00013934": "glad to have you here they're having me and going to tell something no BS about", "f-28TcGKPBk-00017-00013934-00014416": "defi yeah yeah please keep a no BS that would be absolutely amazing but first", "f-28TcGKPBk-00018-00014416-00014763": "off tiny which is really interesting is you kicked off an engineering software", "f-28TcGKPBk-00019-00014763-00015335": "development and you did a little bit of illegal law study yes what really made", "f-28TcGKPBk-00020-00015335-00015776": "you passionate about this space and think GFI is for me yeah I think like", "f-28TcGKPBk-00021-00015776-00016151": "funny part like when we started back in a few years ago there wasn't like", "f-28TcGKPBk-00022-00016151-00016685": "devious as a kind of like as a boss board or as a space we just were", "f-28TcGKPBk-00023-00016685-00017033": "basically using smart contracts to develop different kinds of financial", "f-28TcGKPBk-00024-00017033-00017554": "products and protocols and our previous product which was eat land was basically", "f-28TcGKPBk-00025-00017554-00017990": "the first landing protocol in theory and we just basically we were passionate", "f-28TcGKPBk-00026-00017990-00018473": "about finance and basically wanted to create something very interesting like", "f-28TcGKPBk-00027-00018473-00019043": "trustless transparent way to let other people to interact and that's how kind", "f-28TcGKPBk-00028-00019043-00019579": "of got us into the space and by the time the space developer bid we got stable", "f-28TcGKPBk-00029-00019579-00020213": "coins liquidity pools and and then basically voila you had defy you were a", "f-28TcGKPBk-00030-00020213-00020573": "real visionary because landing you were ahead of the curve yeah", "f-28TcGKPBk-00031-00020573-00020993": "now in 2020 lending is one of the biggest topics across the crypto space", "f-28TcGKPBk-00032-00020993-00021398": "why did you think lending had so much potential back in those days what was", "f-28TcGKPBk-00033-00021398-00021757": "your vision at the time the interesting part is like now like deal in space as", "f-28TcGKPBk-00034-00021757-00022082": "you said it's very interesting there's like very interesting learning protocols", "f-28TcGKPBk-00035-00022082-00022394": "and and like I really admire where we are at this point", "f-28TcGKPBk-00036-00022394-00022904": "as a whole like a community in defy especially now in theory of there's the", "f-28TcGKPBk-00037-00022904-00023203": "most liquidity at the moment what's interesting like back in", "f-28TcGKPBk-00038-00023203-00023662": "we started kind of like before the stable points where and back then", "f-28TcGKPBk-00039-00023662-00024112": "lending was very difficult because you weren't boring like a stable asset so", "f-28TcGKPBk-00040-00024112-00024571": "you had to do different kinds of hedging and that wasn't very liquid and once the", "f-28TcGKPBk-00041-00024571-00025123": "stable coins came out and basically especially like died and now USDT into", "f-28TcGKPBk-00042-00025123-00025720": "the erc-20 format and USD see as well from coinbase what it allowed to", "f-28TcGKPBk-00043-00025720-00026068": "basically do is that defined outgrowth where it is because instead of holding", "f-28TcGKPBk-00044-00026068-00026554": "US dollars in your account or an other fiat currency you get like much better", "f-28TcGKPBk-00045-00026554-00027007": "yield yields from the defi space and that's what attracts people in in the", "f-28TcGKPBk-00046-00027007-00027451": "first place the yields and of course the technology serves to make like trustus", "f-28TcGKPBk-00047-00027451-00027847": "transactions is even more fascinating that's really cool and being that", "f-28TcGKPBk-00048-00027847-00028255": "transition for people who want to earn interest do you think that that is one", "f-28TcGKPBk-00049-00028255-00028705": "of the best stepping stones to mass adoption as of today I think kind of", "f-28TcGKPBk-00050-00028705-00029202": "like it's one of the kind of maybe like not the best but I would say it's the", "f-28TcGKPBk-00051-00029202-00029647": "easiest way when people say like basic you can air better yields at DEFI and", "f-28TcGKPBk-00052-00029647-00030022": "momentarily especially when the protocols mature as", "f-28TcGKPBk-00053-00030022-00030391": "it mature and we I can so message that you are actually borrowing and lending", "f-28TcGKPBk-00054-00030391-00030927": "out some stable coins the heels might not be in the future so so high but", "f-28TcGKPBk-00055-00030927-00031354": "that's kind of like a one way to get more people interested and and saying", "f-28TcGKPBk-00056-00031354-00031807": "like a bit more curious like how is this happening why is this happening and that", "f-28TcGKPBk-00057-00031807-00032281": "brings people into the space but definitely once that will pass that", "f-28TcGKPBk-00058-00032281-00032622": "stage and I think that people can see like how you can build different kinds", "f-28TcGKPBk-00059-00032622-00033147": "of things in in in the defi ecosystem for example you can utilize our flash", "f-28TcGKPBk-00060-00033147-00033682": "loans to to for example close your make it OCAP and refinance your loan to other", "f-28TcGKPBk-00061-00033682-00034102": "learning protocol uses small like compressibility trick and when you have", "f-28TcGKPBk-00062-00034102-00034618": "tons of different kinds of tools like this that will basically fascinate", "f-28TcGKPBk-00063-00034618-00035002": "people because the money moves very programmatically and that has never", "f-28TcGKPBk-00064-00035002-00035326": "happened before so freely I would love to ask you more about the flash loans", "f-28TcGKPBk-00065-00035326-00035697": "but you gave me an idea of a question as of today if I put my money in a savings", "f-28TcGKPBk-00066-00035697-00036331": "account in any bank usually you get less than 1% of earnings Defi has", "f-28TcGKPBk-00067-00036331-00036538": "some programs that go all the way up to 15", "f-28TcGKPBk-00068-00036538-00036988": "percent now is this realistic or is there any risk behind it, you have any", "f-28TcGKPBk-00069-00036988-00037432": "advice for those platforms offering crazy like interest? Exactly like your", "f-28TcGKPBk-00070-00037432-00037825": "thing like what I love about the talk most is their risk because like this", "f-28TcGKPBk-00071-00037825-00038194": "different defi protocols and and especially when you go multiple layers", "f-28TcGKPBk-00072-00038194-00038749": "in the compatibility you have like kind of like piles of risk and what is", "f-28TcGKPBk-00073-00038749-00039208": "interesting like in one way because they the network effect in in the Central and", "f-28TcGKPBk-00074-00039208-00039640": "Finance is pretty much the liquidity and to get liquidity you need to hack that", "f-28TcGKPBk-00075-00039640-00040075": "liquidity so we I call it basically yield hacking so when when different", "f-28TcGKPBk-00076-00040075-00040588": "protocols or or different kinds of algorithms are doing this yield hacking", "f-28TcGKPBk-00077-00040588-00041092": "they're either taking more risk or are using techniques that take for example", "f-28TcGKPBk-00078-00041092-00041563": "market risk and and basically providing more yield a definite thing like the", "f-28TcGKPBk-00079-00041563-00042004": "very base layer protocols in terms of lending the yields might go down at some", "f-28TcGKPBk-00080-00042004-00042463": "point unless you introduce a bit of our riskier assets and buy riskier you don't", "f-28TcGKPBk-00081-00042463-00042904": "need to go all the way down to the risk rabbit hole but basically slightly more", "f-28TcGKPBk-00082-00042904-00043456": "risk and I just think like yield hacking is part of the space and and and and we", "f-28TcGKPBk-00083-00043456-00043870": "will see like a lot of interesting yield opportunities but also I think the", "f-28TcGKPBk-00084-00043870-00044398": "programmatic part in the fight now is that we don't disclose disclose the risk", "f-28TcGKPBk-00085-00044398-00044797": "that we have very well for the end user and I think that's problematic now", "f-28TcGKPBk-00086-00044797-00045223": "that's really interesting so you believe like the 15 or 12 percent is kind of", "f-28TcGKPBk-00087-00045223-00045643": "like yield hacking but it'll definitely scale back up yeah as we don't worry", "f-28TcGKPBk-00088-00045643-00046011": "because there will be more competition on the same particle level for example", "f-28TcGKPBk-00089-00046011-00046402": "we compete with different lending protocols and kind of not just compete", "f-28TcGKPBk-00090-00046402-00046837": "but we complement each other so we might have a protocol on top of us that", "f-28TcGKPBk-00091-00046837-00047314": "actually uses our protocol and basically other learning protocols which is pretty", "f-28TcGKPBk-00092-00047314-00047599": "cool in terms of compressibility and the", "f-28TcGKPBk-00093-00047599-00048019": "capital allocation will move pretty quickly so let's say if we have even T", "f-28TcGKPBk-00094-00048019-00048370": "percent better yields than other learning protocols the capital will move", "f-28TcGKPBk-00095-00048370-00048820": "quickly algorithmically in the future to our protocol and if some other protocol", "f-28TcGKPBk-00096-00048820-00049231": "will have the same it moves there so we we definitely are not there yet in terms", "f-28TcGKPBk-00097-00049231-00049612": "of algorithmic capital allocation but we are definitely", "f-28TcGKPBk-00098-00049612-00050050": "going towards that kind of like a path that's very exciting", "f-28TcGKPBk-00099-00050050-00050381": "so you're saying that there's a lack a little bit of transparency on how the", "f-28TcGKPBk-00100-00050381-00050744": "funds or the risk is being managed yeah like how do some of these lending", "f-28TcGKPBk-00101-00050744-00051190": "platforms actually make money through this so I thought you based on the", "f-28TcGKPBk-00102-00051190-00051547": "transparency thing I think like the coolest part on ethereum and the it's", "f-28TcGKPBk-00103-00051547-00052049": "very specific like defi ecosystem is that everything is like a little bowl by", "f-28TcGKPBk-00104-00052049-00052504": "anyone so all their interest rates transactions are seen in the public", "f-28TcGKPBk-00105-00052504-00052910": "auction ledger and that's very cool at some point there will be some privacy as", "f-28TcGKPBk-00106-00052910-00053282": "well introduced but like I think at this point it's it's important for everyone", "f-28TcGKPBk-00107-00053282-00053882": "to see what's happening you know but in terms of like risks like you could see", "f-28TcGKPBk-00108-00053882-00054311": "everything and you understand like how things are work you see the code how the", "f-28TcGKPBk-00109-00054311-00054641": "code executes but not many people understand code that's the thing like", "f-28TcGKPBk-00110-00054641-00055007": "it's the technical people and retail people or institutions who are", "f-28TcGKPBk-00111-00055007-00055532": "depositing they might not have the the technical capabilities so assessing the", "f-28TcGKPBk-00112-00055532-00055886": "code so they need to trust someone and that someone might be smart contract", "f-28TcGKPBk-00113-00055886-00056426": "auditors or they appeal community and in terms of like how the meditation works", "f-28TcGKPBk-00114-00056426-00056837": "in V file that is like very cryptic thing because like we've seen protocols", "f-28TcGKPBk-00115-00056837-00057176": "that are not implementing any monetization we have communities that", "f-28TcGKPBk-00116-00057176-00057836": "think you should not monetize because you're basically creating a system where", "f-28TcGKPBk-00117-00057836-00058195": "you have less friction and you're not running the bank infrastructure so you", "f-28TcGKPBk-00118-00058195-00058633": "should monetize as least as possible and I think that's yes because like you", "f-28TcGKPBk-00119-00058633-00059036": "should monetize as much as you're providing value to your end users the", "f-28TcGKPBk-00120-00059036-00059380": "more you provide value the more you can actually monetize and that's part of the", "f-28TcGKPBk-00121-00059380-00059747": "yield hacking if you can hack more yield to your your end users the more you can", "f-28TcGKPBk-00122-00059747-00060070": "actually monetize and I think that's the way to do it absolutely and if you want", "f-28TcGKPBk-00123-00060070-00060413": "to scale your technology and or even more futures there has to be", "f-28TcGKPBk-00124-00060413-00060770": "monetization somewhere right exactly because like the thing that people", "f-28TcGKPBk-00125-00060770-00061250": "forget is that all these protocols they're basically built by someone and", "f-28TcGKPBk-00126-00061250-00061574": "in the future there might not be a development into this building but I", "f-28TcGKPBk-00127-00061574-00062008": "actually communicate and for example at all but we're we're basically small team", "f-28TcGKPBk-00128-00062008-00062498": "building things we have a we focus a lot of on security we have now basically", "f-28TcGKPBk-00129-00062498-00062944": "half a million budget into smart contract audits and formal verifications", "f-28TcGKPBk-00130-00062944-00063341": "and whatnot and the important part is realize that there is so much that goes", "f-28TcGKPBk-00131-00063341-00064076": "into making a cute and secure protocol that basically it's matusa stained and", "f-28TcGKPBk-00132-00064076-00064544": "if you provide that value added to your end-user it's very fine to monetize but", "f-28TcGKPBk-00133-00064544-00064919": "of course the interesting part is when you have a governance open source", "f-28TcGKPBk-00134-00064919-00065486": "protocol you are actually able to spread that kind of like monetization to the", "f-28TcGKPBk-00135-00065486-00065786": "whole community if you have for example some sort of economics involved in", "f-28TcGKPBk-00136-00065786-00066131": "governance so that's pretty cool thing that's really cool and you know the", "f-28TcGKPBk-00137-00066131-00066482": "obviously lending and earning interest and the small savings account thing is", "f-28TcGKPBk-00138-00066482-00066890": "something that you saw way ahead of this defy movement and it's definitely", "f-28TcGKPBk-00139-00066890-00067340": "probably besides stable coins or they're the most discussed topics in defy right", "f-28TcGKPBk-00140-00067340-00067640": "yeah yeah definitely I mean stable coins are very very", "f-28TcGKPBk-00141-00067640-00068153": "awesome thing like one of the things I for example I love about like dies it's", "f-28TcGKPBk-00142-00068153-00068453": "it's basically decentralized stable coin and it's kind of like a bit of", "f-28TcGKPBk-00143-00068453-00069020": "algorithmic based and and basically it really provides the ability to use a", "f-28TcGKPBk-00144-00069020-00069497": "stable value in the defi ecosystem then we have stable coins for example like", "f-28TcGKPBk-00145-00069497-00070067": "USDT and basically USDC which are basically using tokenization in a way to", "f-28TcGKPBk-00146-00070067-00070460": "provide more liquidity into the defi space which is totally fine because like", "f-28TcGKPBk-00147-00070460-00070873": "the more liquidity you have the more actually like compressibility and more", "f-28TcGKPBk-00148-00070873-00071261": "traction you will actually happen within the blocks in blockchain ecosystem", "f-28TcGKPBk-00149-00071261-00071612": "you're not one of those guys was thinking only decentralized versus", "f-28TcGKPBk-00150-00071612-00072005": "centralized or traditional finance versus crypto finance you you're not one", "f-28TcGKPBk-00151-00072005-00072299": "of the guys who chooses only one side you'd like to see yeah well the thing is", "f-28TcGKPBk-00152-00072299-00072794": "like in terms of like a protocol what we were building our parties is to decently", "f-28TcGKPBk-00153-00072794-00073127": "as as much as possible so basically because we have an open source protocol", "f-28TcGKPBk-00154-00073127-00073535": "that basically means that we want to give the governance of the protocol", "f-28TcGKPBk-00155-00073535-00073856": "completely to the community which means that basically with a with the token you", "f-28TcGKPBk-00156-00073856-00074213": "can actually govern the protocol what kind of assets could be added in the", "f-28TcGKPBk-00157-00074213-00074420": "future what kind of lending parameters there", "f-28TcGKPBk-00158-00074420-00074894": "will be and and and maybe some sort of like a insurance like features and", "f-28TcGKPBk-00159-00074894-00075266": "that's like that's basically our path but if you're building defi products", "f-28TcGKPBk-00160-00075266-00075668": "it doesn't basically mean that you will have you will need the similar amount of", "f-28TcGKPBk-00161-00075668-00076106": "decentralization it really depends on what layer you're operating and who is", "f-28TcGKPBk-00162-00076106-00076550": "basically your end user for us it's important they're there they kind of", "f-28TcGKPBk-00163-00076550-00076926": "like journey and being higher lever of the defi", "f-28TcGKPBk-00164-00076926-00077382": "spectrum because basically we are infrastructure provider and when we're", "f-28TcGKPBk-00165-00077382-00077736": "building something very important those things usually tend to be open sewers", "f-28TcGKPBk-00166-00077736-00078162": "when the done well Linux for example yeah that makes a lot of sense so the", "f-28TcGKPBk-00167-00078162-00078444": "layer the protocol layer needs to be decentralized and what goes on top", "f-28TcGKPBk-00168-00078444-00078906": "doesn't really yeah yeah that makes a lot of sense I have a quick question", "f-28TcGKPBk-00169-00078906-00079200": "because you're just talking about decentralization and I saw your hands", "f-28TcGKPBk-00170-00079200-00079620": "doing this yes so do you see the centralization more as different levels", "f-28TcGKPBk-00171-00079620-00080001": "whether than yes or no exactly so there's two things first it's like", "f-28TcGKPBk-00172-00080001-00080544": "decentralization is a spectrum so you it depends on what you're building defines", "f-28TcGKPBk-00173-00080544-00080831": "like how much you need decentralization and second thing is that", "f-28TcGKPBk-00174-00080831-00081273": "decentralization is a journey so you could be very decentralized from the day", "f-28TcGKPBk-00175-00081273-00081639": "one but then if you have some sort of like a box or you want to improve your", "f-28TcGKPBk-00176-00081639-00082086": "protocol for to optimize it for your end-users it's very difficult to do if", "f-28TcGKPBk-00177-00082086-00082470": "basically you can't make quick changes and that's why basically the", "f-28TcGKPBk-00178-00082470-00082863": "decentralization it's not just a binary thing on enough but also it's a journey", "f-28TcGKPBk-00179-00082863-00083292": "so to get where you need to be it takes a bit of time and it takes like", "f-28TcGKPBk-00180-00083292-00083661": "different kinds of steps but the the very important part is that you have", "f-28TcGKPBk-00181-00083661-00083988": "clear plan what you're going to do and how decent choice you're going to be", "f-28TcGKPBk-00182-00083988-00084348": "because that's the important thing that the community values that's really good", "f-28TcGKPBk-00183-00084348-00084711": "so you're always transparent no matter what level of decentralization and make", "f-28TcGKPBk-00184-00084711-00085176": "sure that they know where you're going exactly the transparency is the key here", "f-28TcGKPBk-00185-00085176-00085590": "is a key yeah fantastic so obviously defi is a massive", "f-28TcGKPBk-00186-00085590-00085950": "phenomenon and and obvious been one of you know the the flag holders of this", "f-28TcGKPBk-00187-00085950-00086385": "movement but as you know in every movement they're always people who try", "f-28TcGKPBk-00188-00086385-00086883": "to take advantage you know maybe the marketing or the cool you know factor", "f-28TcGKPBk-00189-00086883-00087264": "being a part of the defy yeah like what are what are some of the you obviously", "f-28TcGKPBk-00190-00087264-00087666": "you said landing was great stable coins are awesome we haven't talked about the", "f-28TcGKPBk-00191-00087666-00088008": "central exchanges yet but there are also other projects trying to take advantage", "f-28TcGKPBk-00192-00088008-00088508": "of this branding do you see some use cases that do not necessarily need defi", "f-28TcGKPBk-00193-00088508-00089001": "as of today oh definitely I think like I used to call this discount like terminal", "f-28TcGKPBk-00194-00089001-00089490": "in terms of terminology like defines marketing so basically if you plug in", "f-28TcGKPBk-00195-00089490-00089895": "kind of like your system into Defi is it doesn't mean that your Defi but you", "f-28TcGKPBk-00196-00089895-00090093": "dink you think because you're basically providing", "f-28TcGKPBk-00197-00090093-00090528": "liquidity into the defy space and you're providing experiences and you don't need", "f-28TcGKPBk-00198-00090528-00090975": "to be completely decentralized but for example gateways and centralized", "f-28TcGKPBk-00199-00090975-00091389": "exchange are a good example where you might have more robustness in trading", "f-28TcGKPBk-00200-00091389-00091782": "and basically on board more people into the crypto space as a that's a kind of", "f-28TcGKPBk-00201-00091782-00092217": "like a bigger concept and then you can plug into you like into the defi for", "f-28TcGKPBk-00202-00092217-00092637": "example when you want to get people yields for example if you're an exchange", "f-28TcGKPBk-00203-00092637-00093045": "you can plug into Aave and get those yields into your end users basically and", "f-28TcGKPBk-00204-00093045-00093531": "minimize their trading fees and and what costs and whatnot and that's like the", "f-28TcGKPBk-00205-00093531-00093963": "very interesting part so like the device one ecosystem there's", "f-28TcGKPBk-00206-00093963-00094314": "bigger ecosystems there's basically the crypto ecosystem there's the FinTech", "f-28TcGKPBk-00207-00094314-00094698": "ecosystem finance ecosystem and so forth so", "f-28TcGKPBk-00208-00094698-00095103": "there's different kind of players and and basically it really depends on what", "f-28TcGKPBk-00209-00095103-00095421": "you're operating in mmm that's really really well put and talking about", "f-28TcGKPBk-00210-00095421-00095916": "gateways when it comes to the decks versus the centralized system what are", "f-28TcGKPBk-00211-00095916-00096216": "the pros and cons or how do you see it as of today, Kyber network has been", "f-28TcGKPBk-00212-00096216-00096510": "doing really well oh yeah uni swap has been getting crazy", "f-28TcGKPBk-00213-00096510-00096909": "traction as well well is this really growing is this where we're going is", "f-28TcGKPBk-00214-00096909-00097320": "that the future for you yeah that's a great thing like I expect it I've been", "f-28TcGKPBk-00215-00097320-00097866": "following basic at the deck seen already like the first decks I got excited was", "f-28TcGKPBk-00216-00097866-00098286": "EtherDelta I didn't think it was actually, the very first text when it", "f-28TcGKPBk-00217-00098286-00098754": "started I think like a couple of weeks ago after the launch I tried to sell my", "f-28TcGKPBk-00218-00098754-00099156": "I used to have like a tokens of first but tokens and I tried to put a sell", "f-28TcGKPBk-00219-00099156-00099495": "order or a buy order it took like one week that to get filled", "f-28TcGKPBk-00220-00099495-00099993": "so the liquidity wasn't there and it took a bit time of the liquidity to form", "f-28TcGKPBk-00221-00099993-00100443": "up and what is interesting now in the the deck scene is that we don't have", "f-28TcGKPBk-00222-00100443-00100794": "this order matching only but we have like the pool modeling the same with", "f-28TcGKPBk-00223-00100794-00101205": "what happened with lending for example and that provides more liquidity and now", "f-28TcGKPBk-00224-00101205-00101565": "that the liquidity is available and pooled ready you can basically use it in", "f-28TcGKPBk-00225-00101565-00101922": "different compressibility functions and that's why the Dex's are growing because", "f-28TcGKPBk-00226-00101922-00102363": "there are hundreds of developers using our using Kyber using Uniswap and", "f-28TcGKPBk-00227-00102363-00102738": "and just building things that are actually and of course a bunch of other", "f-28TcGKPBk-00228-00102738-00103218": "codified protocols and products and building these kind of things and all", "f-28TcGKPBk-00229-00103218-00103559": "that kind of like users of liquidity will", "f-28TcGKPBk-00230-00103559-00104036": "just grow the the exes and liquidity pools like you News Falcon Kyber and", "f-28TcGKPBk-00231-00104036-00104475": "I'm personally like super excited to see that grow because like I'm firm believe", "f-28TcGKPBk-00232-00104475-00104946": "in DEx's and it's such a simple transactions so that like if you go to", "f-28TcGKPBk-00233-00104946-00105500": "now to like finance which which is very good centralized exchange in terms of", "f-28TcGKPBk-00234-00105500-00105953": "like user experience and you go unit swap and try different like which is", "f-28TcGKPBk-00235-00105953-00106395": "easier to use like many times you hear that unit swap is easier and that's a", "f-28TcGKPBk-00236-00106395-00106835": "basically tax liquidity poll so like we don't anymore have this kind of like", "f-28TcGKPBk-00237-00106835-00107283": "user experience issue in in defi space I mean obvious very easy to use to be", "f-28TcGKPBk-00238-00107283-00107705": "honest you know obviously the kyber is easy and and the things that people are", "f-28TcGKPBk-00239-00107705-00108099": "building on top is pretty easy to use I think it's now just a time that actually", "f-28TcGKPBk-00240-00108099-00108600": "people realize that how cool the space is how much things are evolving and and", "f-28TcGKPBk-00241-00108600-00109079": "it just will grow exponentially and I'm super excited about this that's", "f-28TcGKPBk-00242-00109079-00109508": "fascinating and a lot of people say and obviously the ERC 20 or their Theory MD", "f-28TcGKPBk-00243-00109508-00109904": "centralized exchanges are the ones that are basically doing really well and", "f-28TcGKPBk-00244-00109904-00110366": "other ones are still being developed and improving of course day by day in terms", "f-28TcGKPBk-00245-00110366-00110690": "of of that outlook and in terms of atomic swaps", "f-28TcGKPBk-00246-00110690-00110984": "so if I want to be able to send you in a theory of token and you want to send", "f-28TcGKPBk-00247-00110984-00111582": "back and yes or another blog yeah okay realistically how far are we in terms of", "f-28TcGKPBk-00248-00111582-00112085": "being able to actually do that type of cross chain like in terms of like when", "f-28TcGKPBk-00249-00112085-00112550": "how far I would say like in Bali invoice and and and and scalability wise I think", "f-28TcGKPBk-00250-00112550-00112875": "like in six months we'll be doing six to twelve months we're doing like very", "f-28TcGKPBk-00251-00112875-00113264": "substantial volume maybe not six months from now but I would say substantial", "f-28TcGKPBk-00252-00113264-00113658": "volume is from eight to twelve twelve months from now because like the things", "f-28TcGKPBk-00253-00113658-00113958": "that are now being built between the bridges basically getting more liquidity", "f-28TcGKPBk-00254-00113958-00114308": "into each area and interacting with other things and and the cool stuff that", "f-28TcGKPBk-00255-00114308-00114846": "is being billed for example polka polka dot and so forth I think like we're", "f-28TcGKPBk-00256-00114846-00115304": "going to see a very very big leapfrog after six months from now and that will", "f-28TcGKPBk-00257-00115304-00115575": "be like very nice to see like what are they going from one blockchain to", "f-28TcGKPBk-00258-00115575-00116090": "another because to be honest like in one way I may like very ethereal maximalism", "f-28TcGKPBk-00259-00116090-00116700": "maximalist but I'm also kind of like I understand that liquidity lives where it", "f-28TcGKPBk-00260-00116700-00117153": "it's place and and then I'm seeing that actually this liquidity could be used in", "f-28TcGKPBk-00261-00117153-00117525": "other blockchains as well and depending on what kind of security it consensus", "f-28TcGKPBk-00262-00117525-00117930": "algorithms they have and that liquid it could be another block chains could be", "f-28TcGKPBk-00263-00117930-00118278": "using in theory oh so it's all about liquid at the end of the day Wow six to", "f-28TcGKPBk-00264-00118278-00118593": "12 months so that's really soon yeah it's coming really soon that's exciting", "f-28TcGKPBk-00265-00118593-00118886": "so lot of people are a little bit concerned about the fact that you know", "f-28TcGKPBk-00266-00118886-00119340": "cross-chain it will be slower and and the fees on both sides man yup and but", "f-28TcGKPBk-00267-00119340-00119574": "it's hopefully in six two months to one year", "f-28TcGKPBk-00268-00119574-00120078": "I think so I think like let's say for Mattel 12 months from now it's easy to", "f-28TcGKPBk-00269-00120078-00120713": "swap what is interesting to see like being like defi products built on", "f-28TcGKPBk-00270-00120713-00121257": "basically cross blockchain so will be interesting to see when you can actually", "f-28TcGKPBk-00271-00121257-00121845": "create a stable point by collateralizing asset or let's say ethereum, cosmos", "f-28TcGKPBk-00272-00121845-00122403": "polka dot and and so forth and just kind of like him in one place and transfer", "f-28TcGKPBk-00273-00122403-00122838": "that liquidity so I mean it's fascinating it's being built and I'm", "f-28TcGKPBk-00274-00122838-00123228": "very eager to see how things are going to have oh that's so awesome and you", "f-28TcGKPBk-00275-00123228-00123495": "just mentioned they were in theory a maximalist I would love to hear more", "f-28TcGKPBk-00276-00123495-00123945": "like what are some things you know last year people were really negative about", "f-28TcGKPBk-00277-00123945-00124251": "ethereum there's a lotta negativity when you know obviously if you're into", "f-28TcGKPBk-00278-00124251-00124760": "point I was postponed post postponed but now all of a sudden you GFI and all the", "f-28TcGKPBk-00279-00124760-00125258": "the it's hearing being staked on through the defy platforms the sentiment has", "f-28TcGKPBk-00280-00125258-00125706": "suddenly revived right yeah definitely you know for me like the postponing of a", "f-28TcGKPBk-00281-00125706-00126138": "typo no that's that's not like I will a person wasn't that concerned at all", "f-28TcGKPBk-00282-00126138-00126720": "because I I firmly believe in in a way that like if you do this kind of pick", "f-28TcGKPBk-00283-00126720-00127229": "updates you basically need you have very diligent procedure and you should not", "f-28TcGKPBk-00284-00127229-00127758": "deploy anything unless you're completely confident because like the thing with", "f-28TcGKPBk-00285-00127758-00128040": "the ethereum is or or any other book chain that has a", "f-28TcGKPBk-00286-00128040-00128510": "lot of assets there is that there used substantially and for example the defi", "f-28TcGKPBk-00287-00128510-00129092": "space now in theory or miss I cry roughly 1 billion depending on the", "f-28TcGKPBk-00288-00129092-00129846": "valuation of the assets and what that actually says is that the the these", "f-28TcGKPBk-00289-00129846-00130355": "portions are used in very very financial transactions whether we like", "f-28TcGKPBk-00290-00130355-00130998": "it or not or whether we keep call this blockchain protocols still kind of like", "f-28TcGKPBk-00291-00130998-00131496": "a experimentations binary ships you can't stop liquidity if you come", "f-28TcGKPBk-00292-00131496-00131867": "there and that's why it's important to talk about risk talk about like slow", "f-28TcGKPBk-00293-00131867-00132372": "developing process talk about security because like even if you basically name", "f-28TcGKPBk-00294-00132372-00133149": "it as a experimental project called AFI whole top chain ecosystem or alpha or", "f-28TcGKPBk-00295-00133149-00133505": "whatever I mean if there is liquidity it's serious and then the risk are", "f-28TcGKPBk-00296-00133505-00133914": "serious as well and the consequences if things go wrong it's good that you're", "f-28TcGKPBk-00297-00133914-00134214": "always talking about risk as well but yeah a lot of these people that's kind", "f-28TcGKPBk-00298-00134214-00134562": "of like what they're measuring you know and whether they should get in or not", "f-28TcGKPBk-00299-00134562-00134946": "right they're like how much should I put in is this risky I'm not too familiar", "f-28TcGKPBk-00300-00134946-00135315": "and it's scary right for some people yeah I think the in terms of risk we're", "f-28TcGKPBk-00301-00135315-00135657": "so early so it kind of like we are still in a stage that people are excited about", "f-28TcGKPBk-00302-00135657-00136137": "yields so basically like hey I'm getting like 10 a 10 percent APR or 5 percent", "f-28TcGKPBk-00303-00136137-00136650": "APR like this is so cool like I get like something like a zero from my bank or 1%", "f-28TcGKPBk-00304-00136650-00137145": "yeah but like the fact is that like for example Europe the the banks will", "f-28TcGKPBk-00305-00137145-00137705": "guarantee you up to 100,000 euros or pounds or whatnot and the interesting", "f-28TcGKPBk-00306-00137705-00138129": "part is I can defy like we're so excited about the yields we definitely forget that", "f-28TcGKPBk-00307-00138129-00138636": "actually there is risk involved and even if there's risk involved let's say that", "f-28TcGKPBk-00308-00138636-00139098": "people understand that okay this is something might be more riskier there's", "f-28TcGKPBk-00309-00139098-00139455": "always that are taking that risk so basically it's also kind of like part of", "f-28TcGKPBk-00310-00139455-00139995": "the diversification yeah like one thing I was like recommending in our community", "f-28TcGKPBk-00311-00139995-00140445": "that if someone actually builds a kind of way to track your transactions based", "f-28TcGKPBk-00312-00140445-00140937": "on transactions it will let you or or not let you do a ethereum transaction so", "f-28TcGKPBk-00313-00140937-00141384": "you can basically build a tool that tracks your previous like trading", "f-28TcGKPBk-00314-00141384-00141801": "history or defy history and actually decides whether you can do this", "f-28TcGKPBk-00315-00141801-00142254": "transaction or not if it's too risky for you or you are actually able to take", "f-28TcGKPBk-00316-00142254-00142548": "that kind of risk based on your profile so these kind of", "f-28TcGKPBk-00317-00142548-00142842": "things we'll probably see in the future as well that's such a good point because", "f-28TcGKPBk-00318-00142842-00143250": "you're right the safer I'll get probably the less interest you will get right so", "f-28TcGKPBk-00319-00143250-00143616": "talk about risk diversification exactly so would you still feel", "f-28TcGKPBk-00320-00143616-00143958": "comfortable like if your sister or little brother came over and they're", "f-28TcGKPBk-00321-00143958-00144468": "like I want to put money in the defy and in the savings program would you still", "f-28TcGKPBk-00322-00144468-00144864": "give them a limitation on their overall budget as of today or definitely I mean", "f-28TcGKPBk-00323-00144864-00145353": "whatever they were investing what are they're investing in come on stocks and", "f-28TcGKPBk-00324-00145353-00145863": "shares or what would be the thing my first of course goal is that I never", "f-28TcGKPBk-00325-00145863-00146334": "tried to advise on any kind of like investment because it's it's it's like", "f-28TcGKPBk-00326-00146334-00146904": "history has proven that hasn't worked between like between relatives you know", "f-28TcGKPBk-00327-00146904-00147225": "and I don't let money to my friends or family I just said go to the other", "f-28TcGKPBk-00328-00147225-00148053": "protocol yeah no but I like jokes apart I I think like I think everyone we", "f-28TcGKPBk-00329-00148053-00148338": "should actually understand the risk so one of the things like initiatives we're", "f-28TcGKPBk-00330-00148338-00148749": "doing now at Aave but we do have a user interface so you can access like Aave", "f-28TcGKPBk-00331-00148749-00149130": "at you myetherwallet or different kinds of wallet that have integrated", "f-28TcGKPBk-00332-00149130-00149562": "Aave or basically to our user interface and one of the things we're doing in our", "f-28TcGKPBk-00333-00149562-00149955": "interface we're trying to basically disclaim the risk that is involved when", "f-28TcGKPBk-00334-00149955-00150231": "you basically do different kinds of transactions or when you enter the", "f-28TcGKPBk-00335-00150231-00150765": "platform for your very first time and like one of the problematic things this", "f-28TcGKPBk-00336-00150765-00151338": "comes from my background being in law is that no one reads terms of conditions", "f-28TcGKPBk-00337-00151338-00151791": "like or disclaimers at all so when you sign up for service like you never", "f-28TcGKPBk-00338-00151791-00152232": "really because they're the legal design is completely wrong so you can't expect", "f-28TcGKPBk-00339-00152232-00152709": "a user who needs a service in 15 minutes from now that he is actually creating an", "f-28TcGKPBk-00340-00152709-00153411": "account that he will read basically 30,000 50,000 words in that particular", "f-28TcGKPBk-00341-00153411-00153915": "moment efficient and even like bullet points so the thing is like it's also", "f-28TcGKPBk-00342-00153915-00154368": "important to design them very well but the user understands that okay here's", "f-28TcGKPBk-00343-00154368-00154965": "the very key point so what you are going to do and how what kind of risk there is", "f-28TcGKPBk-00344-00154965-00155271": "involved and that's something like this kind of disclaimers that are very", "f-28TcGKPBk-00345-00155271-00155775": "legally the sign is part of what we are now actually doing so you can't just do", "f-28TcGKPBk-00346-00155775-00156141": "you a terms of conditions in your user interface and expected people to read", "f-28TcGKPBk-00347-00156141-00156534": "but read them you actually need to understand how users behave and and", "f-28TcGKPBk-00348-00156534-00156831": "track that behavior that's so true though there", "f-28TcGKPBk-00349-00156831-00157092": "there could be a different way of presenting it like through videos", "f-28TcGKPBk-00350-00157092-00157614": "through checking different pages and slide with it live yeah that's a really", "f-28TcGKPBk-00351-00157614-00157911": "good point now there's a question that I wanted to ask you earlier you talked", "f-28TcGKPBk-00352-00157911-00158256": "about flash loans yeah and you touched upon it and it's something that's so", "f-28TcGKPBk-00353-00158256-00158580": "difficult to explain to people and I know it's very hot yeah recently there", "f-28TcGKPBk-00354-00158580-00158907": "was I think someone who made one hundred fifty thousand dollars through one flash", "f-28TcGKPBk-00355-00158907-00159534": "loan yeah which we which was viral uh yeah on Twitter if my grandma Susie was", "f-28TcGKPBk-00356-00159534-00159942": "in the room and she was like Stani what is a flash loan how would", "f-28TcGKPBk-00357-00159942-00160431": "you explain it in the most simple terms so basically fly in very very easy", "f-28TcGKPBk-00358-00160431-00161172": "manner is to say that I would lend out Suzy can borrow from me a certain amount", "f-28TcGKPBk-00359-00161172-00161592": "of the funds whatever I have available and she can do all kinds of transactions", "f-28TcGKPBk-00360-00161592-00162120": "so she can buy bread from shop A go to shop", "f-28TcGKPBk-00361-00162120-00162594": "B and sell the bread for a higher price and that extra yields she could", "f-28TcGKPBk-00362-00162594-00163197": "basically buy another let's say like item and and sell it or another place", "f-28TcGKPBk-00363-00163197-00163800": "again or whatever transactions she does and basically she can do all of these", "f-28TcGKPBk-00364-00163800-00164160": "transactions and the only condition is basically that she needs to return my", "f-28TcGKPBk-00365-00164160-00164904": "loan back to me and once if she doesn't return those all the transactions that", "f-28TcGKPBk-00366-00164904-00165267": "she actually did in between will basically fail so they will not exist", "f-28TcGKPBk-00367-00165267-00165813": "and it relies upon the system that Ethereum is a big settlement Network so", "f-28TcGKPBk-00368-00165813-00166155": "everything is settled on each block whatever transactions you are doing in", "f-28TcGKPBk-00369-00166155-00166602": "the in one block you have different kinds of conditions and you add this", "f-28TcGKPBk-00370-00166602-00167043": "kind of condition and you don't fulfill it it basically reverses the transaction", "f-28TcGKPBk-00371-00167043-00167415": "so basically we all image the shopkeepers are agreed about the", "f-28TcGKPBk-00372-00167415-00167733": "settlement at broke and that's why those transactions will basically get", "f-28TcGKPBk-00373-00167733-00168228": "cancelled as well they will not just work so it's basically just one", "f-28TcGKPBk-00374-00168228-00168837": "condition that if that capital is not returned all of that will basically go", "f-28TcGKPBk-00375-00168837-00169197": "away fantastic is there any risk behind that", "f-28TcGKPBk-00376-00169197-00169569": "at the moment like are people mainly using it when they see like an arbitrage", "f-28TcGKPBk-00377-00169569-00169968": "opportunity between two things are like oh I'm gonna quickly take that money I'm", "f-28TcGKPBk-00378-00169968-00170199": "gonna buy here sell here give it back and", "f-28TcGKPBk-00379-00170199-00170511": "take a little bit of interest.. definitely arbitrage is one of the like", "f-28TcGKPBk-00380-00170511-00170871": "first use cases that was like once we launched I think it took like one hour", "f-28TcGKPBk-00381-00170871-00171264": "or something that there was like first flash loan done by the arbitrage style", "f-28TcGKPBk-00382-00171264-00171723": "you can do like a collateral swap and actually today I just got a message from", "f-28TcGKPBk-00383-00171723-00172080": "the defi savory guys and say that hey there have been actually implementing", "f-28TcGKPBk-00384-00172080-00172722": "flash loans and and basically the implementation works as follows so the", "f-28TcGKPBk-00385-00172722-00173217": "thing is when you create a CDP vault so when you collateralize it to me and I", "f-28TcGKPBk-00386-00173217-00173796": "and in let's say you spend that Dai and and they you want to close the CDP but", "f-28TcGKPBk-00387-00173796-00174246": "you don't have the Dai and basically the market is going down and the liquidation", "f-28TcGKPBk-00388-00174246-00174798": "might happen so what you can actually do is you can take a flash loan Dai flash", "f-28TcGKPBk-00389-00174798-00175355": "loan closed the CDP and and and get your collateral back basically and what", "f-28TcGKPBk-00390-00175355-00175857": "basically they did it in a way that you can actually do this as a end user", "f-28TcGKPBk-00391-00175857-00176178": "because flash loan is kind of like a developer to build this kind of things", "f-28TcGKPBk-00392-00176178-00176769": "so defi saver came and built a tool which uses flash known to close your CDP", "f-28TcGKPBk-00393-00176769-00177345": "without to avoid getting liquidated because when you get liquidated you lose", "f-28TcGKPBk-00394-00177345-00177965": "part of your collateral which is roughly 13% and in the makerdao system to the", "f-28TcGKPBk-00395-00177965-00178395": "liquidators so basically when yourself liquidate yourself what happens is that", "f-28TcGKPBk-00396-00178395-00178794": "you can keep that 13% so the money goes back to the borrower which is pretty", "f-28TcGKPBk-00397-00178794-00179220": "cool really cool so that's those are the savvy people who understand you know how", "f-28TcGKPBk-00398-00179220-00179630": "to make use... the interesting part is that the savvy people are like", "f-28TcGKPBk-00399-00179630-00180150": "they're defi savers who built this this awesome tool but basically the people", "f-28TcGKPBk-00400-00180150-00180504": "who can use it it's basically just regular users like you and me end of the", "f-28TcGKPBk-00401-00180504-00180945": "day so if you have a CDP open you can basically just click once and the", "f-28TcGKPBk-00402-00180945-00181404": "liquidation happens it without returning the Dai so that's pretty cool super", "f-28TcGKPBk-00403-00181404-00181848": "fascinating and that is super cool so I must ask you as one of the I would say", "f-28TcGKPBk-00404-00181848-00182255": "the father founders of this Defi movement you know with Aave and all all you've", "f-28TcGKPBk-00405-00182255-00182865": "done like what do you really want to see tell us about 2020 2021 and beyond if", "f-28TcGKPBk-00406-00182865-00183392": "possible... One interesting thing I really want to see is is defi being it", "f-28TcGKPBk-00407-00183392-00183827": "as the fight to really once you emphasize that different kinds", "f-28TcGKPBk-00408-00183827-00184374": "of protocols that are there are trying to put more effort into maybe not even", "f-28TcGKPBk-00409-00184374-00184809": "like just just becoming more decent ones but have a clearer picture and", "f-28TcGKPBk-00410-00184809-00185135": "communicate it very directly to the community and the whole ecosystem", "f-28TcGKPBk-00411-00185135-00185613": "because the thing is like whatever you're building in the DeFI we're part of", "f-28TcGKPBk-00412-00185613-00186021": "the community everyone and what I would like to see is more that there's more", "f-28TcGKPBk-00413-00186021-00186501": "planning on what's your journey to decentralization into what point and and", "f-28TcGKPBk-00414-00186501-00187020": "basically that will kind of like help the whole ecosystem to to mature more", "f-28TcGKPBk-00415-00187020-00187652": "because if we lose the perspective of what what's Defi is all about which is", "f-28TcGKPBk-00416-00187652-00188199": "basically the permissionless transaction Non-custodial interaction and", "f-28TcGKPBk-00417-00188199-00188738": "transparency is what not we will lose the kind of like value-added you'll be", "f-28TcGKPBk-00418-00188738-00189113": "fine then we will have just expensive my sequel database that France all the", "f-28TcGKPBk-00419-00189113-00189570": "transactions and that's the biggest thing I'm afraid and besides that the", "f-28TcGKPBk-00420-00189570-00190101": "second thing like what I'm trying to kind of like preach is basically the", "f-28TcGKPBk-00421-00190101-00190575": "security and and to emphasize as much as possible into the security and the way", "f-28TcGKPBk-00422-00190575-00190920": "you have your procedures so how you update your code", "f-28TcGKPBk-00423-00190920-00191322": "what are you internal procedures, disaster recovery plan and and so", "f-28TcGKPBk-00424-00191322-00191765": "forth so these things and that's just like something that I'm basically saying", "f-28TcGKPBk-00425-00191765-00192147": "that okay you as a defi developer have to obey or something like that it's just", "f-28TcGKPBk-00426-00192147-00192613": "like us everyone like Aave and every v5 protocol that takes things seriously", "f-28TcGKPBk-00427-00192613-00193086": "we'll have to choose this row to actually make sure that they are", "f-28TcGKPBk-00428-00193086-00193526": "applying the best practices that you can and because we all are building end of", "f-28TcGKPBk-00429-00193526-00193901": "the day financial products and if we want this space to continue to grow we", "f-28TcGKPBk-00430-00193901-00194325": "just have to make sure that we're using the best tools available and putting all", "f-28TcGKPBk-00431-00194325-00194694": "therefore we can to protect our users money that's important for us that's", "f-28TcGKPBk-00432-00194694-00195060": "really important and so in terms of mass adoption and I know you've been asked", "f-28TcGKPBk-00433-00195060-00195404": "this question of multiple panels you know and and I like how you humble and", "f-28TcGKPBk-00434-00195404-00195672": "you're obviously you're very enthusiastic but you're also very", "f-28TcGKPBk-00435-00195672-00196200": "realistic which is great can you tell us tiny like how far are we from being able", "f-28TcGKPBk-00436-00196200-00196628": "to have mass adoption on defined platforms and when do you see like the", "f-28TcGKPBk-00437-00196628-00196987": "that that curve crossing the chasm as we said that's", "f-28TcGKPBk-00438-00196987-00197353": "interesting because I think it it will happen in different layers so they", "f-28TcGKPBk-00439-00197353-00197806": "basically there will be at some point a lot of institutional interest but before", "f-28TcGKPBk-00440-00197806-00198199": "we get into that stage one of the things is that we have to kind of understand is", "f-28TcGKPBk-00441-00198199-00198619": "how we are able to measure the risk because the better we are able to", "f-28TcGKPBk-00442-00198619-00199096": "measure the risk and calculate the risk and present it to the bigger public the", "f-28TcGKPBk-00443-00199096-00199383": "more mass adoption we will get because then we'll get institutional", "f-28TcGKPBk-00444-00199383-00199825": "institutions involved in the dfi and basically hedge funds and other", "f-28TcGKPBk-00445-00199825-00200316": "financial institutions which basically opens a bit more the kind of like", "f-28TcGKPBk-00446-00200316-00200887": "floodgate to retailers because now pretty much the kind of retailer in beef", "f-28TcGKPBk-00447-00200887-00201352": "is a nerd with technical skills yeah but you can't scale that because there", "f-28TcGKPBk-00448-00201352-00201936": "aren't that many nerds and yeah not everyone is a nerd right and to get like", "f-28TcGKPBk-00449-00201936-00202513": "more people nerds like us we build protocols and our donors are building", "f-28TcGKPBk-00450-00202513-00202927": "basically a ways to interact with the protocols easier but also mean the", "f-28TcGKPBk-00451-00202927-00203391": "financial institutions to kind of like recognize the benefits understand the", "f-28TcGKPBk-00452-00203391-00203763": "risks and how to measure them and basically understand how to participate", "f-28TcGKPBk-00453-00203763-00204286": "once we achieve that I think we'll get very good adoption and I think that will", "f-28TcGKPBk-00454-00204286-00204538": "take like five years from now that's really good", "f-28TcGKPBk-00455-00204538-00204976": "that's so important so measuring the risk understanding communicating the", "f-28TcGKPBk-00456-00204976-00205387": "risk and then so that the institutional guys come in and then that will get more", "f-28TcGKPBk-00457-00205387-00205764": "liquidity for the retail not just it creates an entire ecosystem exact buddy", "f-28TcGKPBk-00458-00205764-00206152": "cool five years walk I'm keeping my fingers crossed because this is", "f-28TcGKPBk-00459-00206152-00206521": "definitely I mean in terms of you know II sauce and there the philosophy it", "f-28TcGKPBk-00460-00206521-00207001": "would make sense I'm yeah this is what Bitcoin has given us so yeah the mother", "f-28TcGKPBk-00461-00207001-00207687": "of all this movement well thank you I think she's ready she's ready right yeah", "f-28TcGKPBk-00462-00207687-00208146": "but thank you so much Stani so like if we want to follow you or get in touch", "f-28TcGKPBk-00463-00208146-00208690": "with you what are the best ways to it really depends on what your aim is the", "f-28TcGKPBk-00464-00208690-00209254": "easiest way to follower is us in Twitter it's basically AaveAave the the handle if", "f-28TcGKPBk-00465-00209254-00209569": "you are very interesting what you're doing and join our like telegram which", "f-28TcGKPBk-00466-00209569-00210114": "is basically of it so awesome and then we have this cord of it", "f-28TcGKPBk-00467-00210114-00210546": "calm / discordant and I I think this Court is the very best place to interact", "f-28TcGKPBk-00468-00210546-00210921": "directly with with the with the team if you're building something especially if", "f-28TcGKPBk-00469-00210921-00211446": "you're a developer go to developers calm and they're super cool stuff you could", "f-28TcGKPBk-00470-00211446-00211944": "actually do your first flash loan or build a product for your end-users with", "f-28TcGKPBk-00471-00211944-00212408": "flash loans super cool will put all the links in the description below thank you", "f-28TcGKPBk-00472-00212408-00212804": "so much for coming today it was a pleasure to have you Stani and guys if", "f-28TcGKPBk-00473-00212804-00213291": "you have any comments opinions ideas about the future of defi do you like", "f-28TcGKPBk-00474-00213291-00213596": "flash loans what about decentralized exchanges all", "f-28TcGKPBk-00475-00213596-00214007": "the topics we had today the more perspectives you can put in the comments", "f-28TcGKPBk-00476-00214007-00214382": "box the more we can learn as a community so it's really important that you share", "f-28TcGKPBk-00477-00214382-00214844": "put your comments below like and subscribe of course and blast that bail", "f-28TcGKPBk-00478-00214844-00215217": "notification so that you can get access to all these cool people their insights", "f-28TcGKPBk-00479-00215217-00215726": "and ideas see you guys next week every Wednesday premiere 8 o'clock GMT at a", "f-28TcGKPBk-00480-00215726-00216089": "computer near you see you next week guys", "f-28TcGKPBk-00481-00216809-00217015": "you"}}]