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+[{"audio_id": "iffO-7NJVWQ", "text": {"iffO-7NJVWQ-00000-00000000-00000281": "all right so step one is to pick a niche", "iffO-7NJVWQ-00001-00000282-00000437": "right so how do you pick a niche well", "iffO-7NJVWQ-00002-00000438-00000634": "the easiest two ways to pick a niche are", "iffO-7NJVWQ-00003-00000635-00000827": "to start with something that you're good", "iffO-7NJVWQ-00004-00000827-00001000": "at already or something that you're", "iffO-7NJVWQ-00005-00001001-00001223": "interested in already okay that means", "iffO-7NJVWQ-00006-00001224-00001331": "that you're gonna have a leg up on the", "iffO-7NJVWQ-00007-00001332-00001457": "competition because you already have", "iffO-7NJVWQ-00008-00001458-00001660": "inside knowledge of obviously how to", "iffO-7NJVWQ-00009-00001661-00001876": "create videos about that what people are", "iffO-7NJVWQ-00010-00001877-00002092": "interested in within that Niche how to", "iffO-7NJVWQ-00011-00002093-00002357": "create specific sub topic and Niche", "iffO-7NJVWQ-00012-00002358-00002507": "topic videos that people might be", "iffO-7NJVWQ-00013-00002508-00002687": "searching for that aren't going to occur", "iffO-7NJVWQ-00014-00002688-00002837": "to somebody that just finds that", "iffO-7NJVWQ-00015-00002838-00003047": "specific topic but doesn't have a", "iffO-7NJVWQ-00016-00003048-00003251": "background or an interest in it so those", "iffO-7NJVWQ-00017-00003252-00003413": "are the two best ways to get started", "iffO-7NJVWQ-00018-00003414-00003575": "it's really a no-brainer because what", "iffO-7NJVWQ-00019-00003576-00003695": "I'm good at is going to be very", "iffO-7NJVWQ-00020-00003696-00003838": "different than what you're good at good", "iffO-7NJVWQ-00021-00003839-00004054": "at and vice versa okay so pick something", "iffO-7NJVWQ-00022-00004055-00004199": "that you're good at already or pick", "iffO-7NJVWQ-00023-00004200-00004325": "something that you're interested in", "iffO-7NJVWQ-00024-00004326-00004529": "already or you can simply search YouTube", "iffO-7NJVWQ-00025-00004530-00004727": "to get ideas so if you want to find", "iffO-7NJVWQ-00026-00004728-00004901": "other automation channels that are", "iffO-7NJVWQ-00027-00004902-00005063": "already successful you want to model", "iffO-7NJVWQ-00028-00005064-00005254": "them but do not copy them and this is", "iffO-7NJVWQ-00029-00005255-00005447": "key because obviously if you just simply", "iffO-7NJVWQ-00030-00005448-00005579": "copy them you're never going to be able", "iffO-7NJVWQ-00031-00005580-00005777": "to do it better than them so model them", "iffO-7NJVWQ-00032-00005778-00005968": "use it for your own channel but then", "iffO-7NJVWQ-00033-00005969-00006191": "obviously don't exactly copy them all", "iffO-7NJVWQ-00034-00006192-00006359": "right also if you pick a passionate", "iffO-7NJVWQ-00035-00006360-00006545": "Niche it's going to be easier to grow in", "iffO-7NJVWQ-00036-00006545-00006670": "the beginning because that's going to", "iffO-7NJVWQ-00037-00006672-00006809": "get you more engagement within the", "iffO-7NJVWQ-00038-00006809-00006946": "comments section it's also going to", "iffO-7NJVWQ-00039-00006947-00007127": "bring more people and more eyes to your", "iffO-7NJVWQ-00040-00007128-00007289": "videos or you want to pick something", "iffO-7NJVWQ-00041-00007290-00007534": "that already has interest and this could", "iffO-7NJVWQ-00042-00007536-00007684": "be an end as well right it could be a", "iffO-7NJVWQ-00043-00007686-00007805": "passionate Niche that already has", "iffO-7NJVWQ-00044-00007806-00007960": "interest too but you want to pick", "iffO-7NJVWQ-00045-00007961-00008081": "something that already has interest and", "iffO-7NJVWQ-00046-00008081-00008273": "is already getting views on YouTube okay", "iffO-7NJVWQ-00047-00008274-00008495": "the niche should be narrow enough that", "iffO-7NJVWQ-00048-00008496-00008687": "YouTube can find a specific Avatar", "iffO-7NJVWQ-00049-00008688-00008867": "viewer for your video topic so that they", "iffO-7NJVWQ-00050-00008868-00009077": "can serve them to them right and then", "iffO-7NJVWQ-00051-00009078-00009245": "you'll get repeat viewers from that", "iffO-7NJVWQ-00052-00009246-00009371": "person because typically what people", "iffO-7NJVWQ-00053-00009372-00009581": "think is you create videos and then", "iffO-7NJVWQ-00054-00009582-00009755": "people come find your videos but that's", "iffO-7NJVWQ-00055-00009756-00009887": "not typically what happens what", "iffO-7NJVWQ-00056-00009888-00010055": "typically happens is YouTube already", "iffO-7NJVWQ-00057-00010056-00010306": "knows everybody's Avatar what they're", "iffO-7NJVWQ-00058-00010307-00010553": "interested in what the videos they're", "iffO-7NJVWQ-00059-00010554-00010751": "more likely to click on and watch", "iffO-7NJVWQ-00060-00010752-00010978": "through and so if you can find a", "iffO-7NJVWQ-00061-00010979-00011177": "specific Avatar person or an avatar", "iffO-7NJVWQ-00062-00011178-00011345": "viewer that's going to be interested in", "iffO-7NJVWQ-00063-00011346-00011531": "something and you can do that basically", "iffO-7NJVWQ-00064-00011532-00011777": "by identifying other videos and other", "iffO-7NJVWQ-00065-00011778-00011981": "and other channels that are already", "iffO-7NJVWQ-00066-00011982-00012221": "successful on YouTube within that topic", "iffO-7NJVWQ-00067-00012222-00012431": "and serving that audience and then model", "iffO-7NJVWQ-00068-00012432-00012641": "them you know that YouTube's pretty much", "iffO-7NJVWQ-00069-00012642-00012833": "has a high likelihood of serving your", "iffO-7NJVWQ-00070-00012834-00013049": "videos to that same audience so it can", "iffO-7NJVWQ-00071-00013050-00013235": "be successful okay while it should be", "iffO-7NJVWQ-00072-00013236-00013438": "narrow enough obviously to serve to that", "iffO-7NJVWQ-00073-00013440-00013691": "specific Avatar person it also should be", "iffO-7NJVWQ-00074-00013691-00013871": "broad enough that you can Branch out to", "iffO-7NJVWQ-00075-00013872-00014075": "other sub topics and you can create", "iffO-7NJVWQ-00076-00014076-00014297": "hundreds of videos at the minimum on", "iffO-7NJVWQ-00077-00014297-00014399": "that all right because if it's too", "iffO-7NJVWQ-00078-00014400-00014536": "narrow you're obviously going to run out", "iffO-7NJVWQ-00079-00014537-00014722": "of video ideas so we just go to YouTube", "iffO-7NJVWQ-00080-00014723-00014897": "and browse a little bit obviously the", "iffO-7NJVWQ-00081-00014897-00015149": "easiest ways to find things is these", "iffO-7NJVWQ-00082-00015150-00015311": "these topics up here because YouTube is", "iffO-7NJVWQ-00083-00015312-00015538": "literally telling you what people are", "iffO-7NJVWQ-00084-00015540-00015701": "interested in and that these are already", "iffO-7NJVWQ-00085-00015702-00015929": "categories that have subtopics", "iffO-7NJVWQ-00086-00015930-00016055": "subcategories that you can create", "iffO-7NJVWQ-00087-00016056-00016258": "hundreds of videos in but obviously", "iffO-7NJVWQ-00088-00016259-00016433": "there's a lot of interest r already on", "iffO-7NJVWQ-00089-00016434-00016565": "the platform so what I would recommend", "iffO-7NJVWQ-00090-00016566-00016769": "if you're really strapped for ideas if", "iffO-7NJVWQ-00091-00016770-00016900": "you don't know already what you're good", "iffO-7NJVWQ-00092-00016901-00017086": "at or what you're interested in or you", "iffO-7NJVWQ-00093-00017087-00017285": "don't have any ideas after browsing", "iffO-7NJVWQ-00094-00017286-00017458": "YouTube for other automation channels", "iffO-7NJVWQ-00095-00017459-00017711": "and and mimicking and mimicking other", "iffO-7NJVWQ-00096-00017712-00017836": "channels that are already successful", "iffO-7NJVWQ-00097-00017837-00018083": "just simply browse these topics up here", "iffO-7NJVWQ-00098-00018084-00018299": "and try to pick something within a", "iffO-7NJVWQ-00099-00018300-00018497": "relative subcategory of these topics", "iffO-7NJVWQ-00100-00018498-00018743": "right so for example if you like golf", "iffO-7NJVWQ-00101-00018744-00018971": "well go to golf and see what other", "iffO-7NJVWQ-00102-00018972-00019150": "topics within golf you can make a", "iffO-7NJVWQ-00103-00019151-00019319": "channel on you can make a golf you know", "iffO-7NJVWQ-00104-00019320-00019529": "tip Channel and obviously that's going", "iffO-7NJVWQ-00105-00019530-00019703": "to be hard as YouTube automation because", "iffO-7NJVWQ-00106-00019704-00019871": "you need to keep in mind that like", "iffO-7NJVWQ-00107-00019872-00020027": "something like a Golf Channel people", "iffO-7NJVWQ-00108-00020028-00020219": "like to see the actual person swinging", "iffO-7NJVWQ-00109-00020220-00020350": "so that might be a little bit more tough", "iffO-7NJVWQ-00110-00020351-00020530": "but something like Tech might be really", "iffO-7NJVWQ-00111-00020531-00020717": "easy because you can just overlay videos", "iffO-7NJVWQ-00112-00020718-00021029": "or overlay pictures of the actual images", "iffO-7NJVWQ-00113-00021030-00021257": "of the product and then talk about it", "iffO-7NJVWQ-00114-00021258-00021430": "you can use voiceovers to actually do", "iffO-7NJVWQ-00115-00021431-00021622": "that right another example might be to", "iffO-7NJVWQ-00116-00021623-00021857": "compile like you know the top", "iffO-7NJVWQ-00117-00021858-00022078": "cryptocurrency since clearly Bitcoin is", "iffO-7NJVWQ-00118-00022079-00022211": "popping off right now so there's a", "iffO-7NJVWQ-00119-00022212-00022378": "number of different ways but obviously I", "iffO-7NJVWQ-00120-00022379-00022535": "don't want to go too much into within", "iffO-7NJVWQ-00121-00022536-00022727": "one because everybody's going to pick a", "iffO-7NJVWQ-00122-00022728-00022871": "different topic based on what they're", "iffO-7NJVWQ-00123-00022872-00022997": "interested in or they already have", "iffO-7NJVWQ-00124-00022998-00023261": "knowledge about and also browse a little", "iffO-7NJVWQ-00125-00023262-00023393": "bit and then you'll be able to kind of", "iffO-7NJVWQ-00126-00023394-00023572": "Niche down and narrow down but again you", "iffO-7NJVWQ-00127-00023573-00023717": "want it to be broad enough where you can", "iffO-7NJVWQ-00128-00023718-00023939": "create at least a few hundred videos on", "iffO-7NJVWQ-00129-00023940-00024301": "it so you don't run out of video ideas"}}, {"audio_id": "ifmAPvFF7OM", "text": {"ifmAPvFF7OM-00000-00000008-00000303": "we make a vote of confidence uh into", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00001-00000304-00000495": "greece today um", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00002-00000496-00000711": "our intention is to accelerate", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00003-00000712-00000911": "investments into the country beyond the", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00004-00000911-00001103": "investments which we have done already", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00005-00001104-00001366": "greece has made significant", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00006-00001367-00001671": "progress in all sectors um and belongs", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00007-00001672-00001895": "to the front runners when it comes to", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00008-00001896-00002063": "the efforts and the", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00009-00002064-00002342": "ambitions in the digitization", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00010-00002343-00002591": "and we believe there's business for us", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00011-00002592-00002799": "so you know we believe that you know we", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00012-00002800-00003079": "can create a win-win situation", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00013-00003080-00003231": "well", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00014-00003232-00003343": "your", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00015-00003344-00003454": "dear tim", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00016-00003455-00003767": "your dominique dear michali", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00017-00003768-00004031": "we're very very excited about today's", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00018-00004032-00004327": "announcements and i i do consider the", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00019-00004328-00004567": "decision taken by the deutsche telekom", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00020-00004568-00004831": "board to be a vote of confidence", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00021-00004832-00005151": "in the country a vote of confidence", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00022-00005152-00005511": "in your excellent local team and", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00023-00005512-00005695": "in inote", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00024-00005696-00005895": "but also i think i would have confidence", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00025-00005896-00006143": "in in our policies to really drive", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00026-00006144-00006399": "digitization at a much faster pace and", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00027-00006400-00006639": "to be leaders rather than laggards", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00028-00006640-00006791": "within the european", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00029-00006792-00006959": "uh landscape", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00030-00006959-00007103": "and we've discussed", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00031-00007104-00007446": "numerous times the opportunities that", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00032-00007447-00007774": "greece presents as a country that can be", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00033-00007775-00007967": "a leader in the digital transformation", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00034-00007968-00008159": "we've made a lot of progress when it", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00035-00008159-00008374": "comes to mobile i'm very very happy to", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00036-00008375-00008614": "hear that we have exceeded our targets", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00037-00008615-00008719": "regarding", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00038-00008720-00008967": "5g penetration but of course we always", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00039-00008968-00009246": "knew that we were laggards when it came", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00040-00009247-00009463": "to fixed line connectivity and i'm", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00041-00009464-00009655": "really thrilled that you've taken the", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00042-00009656-00009846": "decision to focus", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00043-00009847-00010183": "on on that part of the market so that uh", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00044-00010184-00010399": "you will we will be having at least from", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00045-00010400-00010687": "uh from what a three million uh new", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00046-00010688-00011014": "ultra fast uh connections by 2027.", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00047-00011015-00011238": "as you said six hundred thousand uh", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00048-00011239-00011631": "connections at incredibly fast um speeds", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00049-00011632-00011870": "uh per year this is going to", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00050-00011871-00012023": "significantly", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00051-00012024-00012255": "uh improve our standing not just within", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00052-00012256-00012478": "the within the desi index but uh is", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00053-00012479-00012606": "going to make", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00054-00012607-00012871": "greece uh uh particularly attractive", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00055-00012872-00013007": "when it comes to connectivity for", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00056-00013008-00013383": "households but also for businesses and", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00057-00013384-00013503": "you know tim a lot of people have", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00058-00013504-00013638": "decided uh", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00059-00013640-00013799": "after the pandemic that greece is a", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00060-00013800-00013951": "great place to work from", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00061-00013952-00014038": "um", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00062-00014040-00014327": "but in order for us to", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00063-00014328-00014519": "make greece even more appealing we need", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00064-00014519-00014807": "good connectivity you know uh covering", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00065-00014808-00015119": "uh uh you know a a big yeah a big chunk", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00066-00015119-00015415": "of the as as wide a population coverage", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00067-00015416-00015727": "as uh as possible with the best possible", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00068-00015728-00016015": "prices to be competitive on that front", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00069-00016016-00016366": "and i think your decision", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00070-00016368-00016503": "really helps us", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00071-00016504-00016743": "to to move in that direction i would", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00072-00016744-00016879": "also like to", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00073-00016880-00017079": "applaud the decision that you announced", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00074-00017080-00017271": "today that you will double the exit the", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00075-00017272-00017367": "existing", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00076-00017368-00017527": "speeds for fixed line i think this is", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00077-00017528-00017758": "going to make a a big difference it", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00078-00017759-00017894": "offers", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00079-00017895-00018230": "certainly a a short-term relief", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00080-00018231-00018422": "in terms of our connectivity speeds", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00081-00018423-00018607": "which as you know", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00082-00018608-00018839": "are low and we keep receiving lots of", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00083-00018840-00018950": "complaints", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00084-00018951-00019047": "uh", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00085-00019048-00019303": "about this uh problem but i would really", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00086-00019304-00019583": "like to focus on the on the medium to uh", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00087-00019584-00019758": "to long-term investment", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00088-00019759-00019886": "decision", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00089-00019887-00020086": "i'm sure your board tim will be happy", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00090-00020087-00020455": "once you look at the returns of the", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00091-00020456-00020750": "investment and once you do the math", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00092-00020751-00020967": "in a few years", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00093-00020968-00021086": "from now", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00094-00021087-00021247": "there is a clear business case i think", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00095-00021248-00021535": "for for what you are um", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00096-00021536-00021703": "for what you are doing", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00097-00021704-00022014": "and i'm sure that this decision", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00098-00022015-00022158": "will be", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00099-00022159-00022422": "vindicated from a financial point of", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00100-00022423-00022719": "view we're also always happy to", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00101-00022720-00022943": "to engage when it comes", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00102-00022944-00023158": "to european regulation regarding digital", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00103-00023159-00023239": "um", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00104-00023240-00023575": "uh obviously we we all have a keen uh", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00105-00023576-00023694": "interest", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00106-00023695-00023847": "and we would like to follow this", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00107-00023848-00024039": "discussion as closely as possible and", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00108-00024040-00024263": "take of course into your consideration", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00109-00024264-00024447": "uh your thoughts and your", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00110-00024448-00024630": "proposals and", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00111-00024631-00024799": "there's no reason why", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00112-00024800-00024975": "also within the concept of strategic", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00113-00024976-00025135": "autonomy we should not focus on", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00114-00025136-00025342": "strengthening", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00115-00025343-00025430": "uh", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00116-00025431-00025783": "european uh leaders uh in the field", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00117-00025783-00026078": "uh of uh uh of of telecom", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00118-00026079-00026231": "uh so", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00119-00026232-00026423": "finally as uh you know", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00120-00026424-00026695": "as and of course important your", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00121-00026695-00026887": "investment investors", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00122-00026888-00027023": "is an innovative", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00123-00027024-00027302": "fund that is essentially recycling", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00124-00027304-00027390": "um", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00125-00027391-00027567": "public money but also", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00126-00027568-00027751": "private investments into a fund that", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00127-00027752-00027927": "will focus on the 5g", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00128-00027927-00028055": "ecosystem", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00129-00028056-00028183": "it's very interesting what's happening", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00130-00028183-00028439": "tim now in the in the high-tech", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00131-00028439-00028743": "space in in greece it is really booming", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00132-00028744-00029111": "i think we have we will have", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00133-00029112-00029262": "a", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00134-00029263-00029518": "a number of of greek unicorns", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00135-00029519-00029695": "they already exist this was", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00136-00029695-00029918": "inconceivable", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00137-00029919-00030118": "a few years ago", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00138-00030119-00030246": "so", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00139-00030247-00030399": "the idea of", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00140-00030400-00030679": "having a dedicated vehicle that will", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00141-00030680-00030790": "invest", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00142-00030791-00031046": "in the 5g space in in early stage", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00143-00031047-00031279": "investments also from", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00144-00031280-00031439": "a bit a business point of view a venture", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00145-00031439-00031735": "capital point of view seems to me like", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00146-00031736-00031918": "a reasonable a very reasonable", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00147-00031919-00032183": "investment especially given your overall", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00148-00032183-00032343": "presence", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00149-00032344-00032487": "in the country", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00150-00032488-00032670": "within", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00151-00032672-00032943": "the the context of our", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00152-00032944-00033207": "of our clearly defined roles uh we will", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00153-00033208-00033399": "do our best as we have always done to", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00154-00033400-00033583": "help significant investments in the", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00155-00033584-00033846": "country we're very very you know", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00156-00033847-00033990": "you've stuck with a country during very", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00157-00033991-00034215": "difficult periods uh and we very much", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00158-00034216-00034367": "appreciate that", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00159-00034368-00034583": "and i think now is the time for you but", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00160-00034584-00034735": "also for the country to benefit from", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00161-00034736-00034927": "what i consider to be", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00162-00034928-00035246": "a uh hopefully a booming decade uh in", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00163-00035247-00035479": "terms of growth that will that should", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00164-00035480-00035615": "exceed", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00165-00035616-00035799": "the eurozone", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00166-00035800-00035911": "average so", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00167-00035912-00036062": "you're in a good place", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00168-00036063-00036230": "to invest in greece we're absolutely", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00169-00036231-00036439": "confident about that", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00170-00036440-00036671": "and uh um", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00171-00036672-00037007": "we are very very uh enthusiastic that", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00172-00037008-00037215": "you're contributing this is another step", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00173-00037216-00037446": "important step towards uh", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00174-00037447-00037735": "the modern greece uh uh we want so thank", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00175-00037736-00037807": "you", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00176-00037808-00038046": "for your for your commitment and we're", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00177-00038047-00038190": "very excited about what you just", "ifmAPvFF7OM-00178-00038191-00038512": "announced today"}}, {"audio_id": "ifuVJQKXdlk", "text": {"ifuVJQKXdlk-00000-00000104-00000375": "kadur arabic cuter transliterated kadur", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00001-00000376-00000559": "meaning fate", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00002-00000560-00000795": "divine for ordainment", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00003-00000796-00000966": "predestination", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00004-00000967-00001166": "yes god knows where one will lead", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00005-00001167-00001399": "themselves either heaven or hell but the", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00006-00001400-00001630": "individual is held responsible according", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00007-00001632-00001814": "to their actions and choices for the", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00008-00001816-00001967": "outcome", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00009-00001968-00002167": "is the concept of divine destiny in", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00010-00002168-00002447": "islam it is one of islam's six articles", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00011-00002448-00002607": "of faith along with belief in the", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00012-00002608-00002823": "oneness of allah the revealed books the", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00013-00002824-00002983": "prophets of islam the day of", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00014-00002984-00003191": "resurrection and angels", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00015-00003192-00003390": "this concept has also been mentioned in", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00016-00003392-00004095": "the quran as the decree of allah", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00017-00004096-00004527": "definition", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00018-00004528-00004783": "in islam predestination", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00019-00004784-00004983": "is the usual english language rendering", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00020-00004984-00005222": "of a belief that muslims call al-queiwa", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00021-00005223-00005454": "el cadur el diwal cuter", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00022-00005455-00005702": "alkdwarp the phrase means the divine", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00023-00005703-00005943": "decree and the predestination", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00024-00005944-00006199": "all qadr derives from a root that means", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00025-00006200-00006623": "to measure out", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00026-00006623-00007127": "topic concept", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00027-00007128-00007367": "kadur is one of the aspects of akita", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00028-00007368-00007574": "muslims believe that the divine destiny", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00029-00007575-00007751": "is when god wrote down in the preserved", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00030-00007752-00008031": "tablet all la al mafuse", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00031-00008031-00008207": "several other spellings are used for", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00032-00008208-00008383": "this in english all that has happened", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00033-00008384-00008551": "and will happen which will come to pass", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00034-00008552-00008663": "as written", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00035-00008664-00008855": "according to this belief a person's", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00036-00008856-00009039": "action is not caused by what is written", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00037-00009040-00009214": "in the preserved tablet but rather the", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00038-00009215-00009391": "action is written in the tablet because", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00039-00009392-00009567": "god already knows all occurrences", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00040-00009568-00009783": "without the restrictions of time", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00041-00009784-00009935": "on the other hand the causal", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00042-00009936-00010142": "relationships are also part of kadur", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00043-00010143-00010335": "since human acts affect what's stated in", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00044-00010336-00010687": "the preserved tablet all law al-mafus", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00045-00010688-00010887": "the phrase reflects a muslim doctrine", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00046-00010888-00011078": "that allah has measured out the span of", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00047-00011079-00011295": "every person's life their lot of good or", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00048-00011296-00011455": "ill fortune and the fruits of their", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00049-00011456-00011574": "efforts", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00050-00011575-00011742": "again allah does not need to force", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00051-00011743-00011959": "anyone to do good or evil by interfering", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00052-00011960-00012127": "with his will and nobody will bear", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00053-00012128-00012342": "witness that allah did so", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00054-00012343-00012646": "when referring to the future muslims", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00055-00012647-00012822": "they will cry out to them were we not", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00056-00012823-00012943": "with you", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00057-00012944-00013166": "they shall say yes but you caused", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00058-00013168-00013383": "yourselves to fall into temptation and", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00059-00013384-00013622": "you waited and doubted and vain desires", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00060-00013623-00013766": "deceived you till the threatened", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00061-00013768-00013958": "punishment of allah came while the", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00062-00013959-00014247": "archdeceiver deceived you about allah", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00063-00014247-00014438": "quote", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00064-00014440-00014638": "and if allah had known any good in them", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00065-00014640-00014815": "he would have made them here and if he", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00066-00014816-00014991": "makes them hear they would turn back", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00067-00014991-00015166": "while they withdraw", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00068-00015168-00015366": "quote", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00069-00015368-00015583": "nor would thy lord be the one to destroy", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00070-00015584-00015822": "communities for a single wrongdoing if", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00071-00015823-00016079": "its members were likely to mend", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00072-00016080-00016294": "if thy lord had so willed he could have", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00073-00016295-00016503": "made mankind one people but they will", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00074-00016504-00016719": "not cease to dispute", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00075-00016720-00016911": "except those on whom thy lord hath", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00076-00016912-00017143": "bestowed his mercy and for this did he", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00077-00017144-00017327": "create them and the word of thy lord", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00078-00017328-00017535": "shall be fulfilled", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00079-00017536-00017727": "i will fill hell with jinns and men all", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00080-00017728-00017911": "together", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00081-00017912-00018127": "no calamity befalls on the earth or in", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00082-00018128-00018335": "yourselves but is inscribed in the book", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00083-00018336-00018583": "of decrees allah al-mafus before we", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00084-00018584-00018783": "bring it into existence", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00085-00018784-00019039": "verily that is easy for allah", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00086-00019040-00019239": "a hadith reports that muhammad said", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00087-00019240-00019527": "about qadr ali narrated that one day the", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00088-00019528-00019686": "messenger of allah was sitting with a", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00089-00019687-00019863": "wooden stick in his hand with which he", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00090-00019864-00020047": "was scratching the ground", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00091-00020048-00020214": "he raised his head and said there is", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00092-00020215-00020407": "none of you but has his place assigned", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00093-00020408-00020663": "either in the fire or in paradise", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00094-00020664-00020894": "they the companions inquired o allah's", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00095-00020895-00021135": "messenger why should we carry on doing", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00096-00021136-00021367": "good deeds shall we depend upon kadur", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00097-00021368-00021607": "and give up work muhammad said no carry", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00098-00021608-00021799": "on doing good deeds for everyone will", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00099-00021800-00022007": "find it easy to do such deeds that will", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00100-00022008-00022175": "lead him towards that for which he has", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00101-00022176-00022311": "been created", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00102-00022312-00022519": "then he recited the verse as for him who", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00103-00022520-00022735": "gives in charity and keeps his duty to", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00104-00022736-00022911": "allah and fears him and believes in", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00105-00022912-00023119": "al-husna we will make smooth for him the", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00106-00023120-00023327": "path of ease goodness surah al-layl", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00107-00023328-00023567": "92-5-7", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00108-00023568-00023742": "sahih muslim", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00109-00023743-00023967": "however it is made clear that no person", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00110-00023968-00024207": "has the power to benefit or harm himself", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00111-00024208-00024383": "or others and that guidance is only", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00112-00024384-00024599": "given by allah no one else has the power", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00113-00024600-00024742": "to give guidance", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00114-00024743-00025014": "the quran says for those who do good as", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00115-00025015-00025247": "good reward and more than this and", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00116-00025248-00025471": "blackness or ignominy shall not cover", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00117-00025472-00025670": "their faces these are the dwellers of", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00118-00025672-00026287": "the garden in it they shall abide", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00119-00026288-00026767": "topic history", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00120-00026768-00026967": "there are only two groups who represent", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00121-00026968-00027246": "the extremes regarding kadur all jabria", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00122-00027247-00027431": "are of the opinion that humans have no", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00123-00027432-00027583": "control over their actions and", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00124-00027583-00027814": "everything is dictated by god", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00125-00027816-00028039": "the other group is al-kadyria not to be", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00126-00028039-00028214": "confused with the sufi order all", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00127-00028216-00028390": "khadiria and they are of the opinion of", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00128-00028391-00028583": "humans having complete control over", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00129-00028583-00028767": "their destiny to the extent that god", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00130-00028768-00028918": "does not even know what we will choose", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00131-00028919-00029031": "to do", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00132-00029032-00029207": "the sunni view is in the middle between", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00133-00029208-00029374": "these two views where they believe that", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00134-00029375-00029551": "god has knowledge of everything that", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00135-00029552-00029735": "will be but that humans have freedom of", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00136-00029736-00029879": "choice", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00137-00029880-00030070": "among the historical proponents of the", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00138-00030072-00030311": "sunni view of the doctrine were", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00139-00030312-00030535": "ibn umar was a strong proponent of this", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00140-00030536-00030743": "concept among those who criticized the", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00141-00030744-00031014": "sunni view of the doctrine were mobbed", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00142-00031016-00031231": "al-juhani the first man who discussed", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00143-00031232-00031758": "kadur in basra", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00144-00031760-00032199": "sunni view", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00145-00032200-00032439": "sunni enumerate kasat as one aspect of", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00146-00032439-00032670": "their creed arabic akita", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00147-00032672-00032846": "they believe that the divine destiny is", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00148-00032847-00033015": "when god wrote down in the preserved", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00149-00033016-00033335": "tablet all lahu el-mafas", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00150-00033336-00033511": "all that has happened and will happen", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00151-00033512-00033671": "which will come to pass as written", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00152-00033672-00033855": "according to this belief a person's", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00153-00033856-00034039": "action is not caused by what is written", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00154-00034040-00034231": "in the preserved tablet but rather the", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00155-00034232-00034374": "action is written in the preserved", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00156-00034375-00034567": "tablet because god already knows all", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00157-00034568-00034751": "occurrences without the restrictions of", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00158-00034752-00034935": "time dead link", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00159-00034936-00035151": "an individual has power to choose but", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00160-00035152-00035359": "since god created time and space he", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00161-00035360-00035527": "knows what will happen", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00162-00035528-00035711": "god is without any bond of time and", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00163-00035712-00035951": "space therefore what will happen has", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00164-00035952-00036151": "meaning only to humans who are limited", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00165-00036152-00036327": "in time and space", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00166-00036328-00036511": "an analogy is someone who watches a", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00167-00036512-00036702": "movie for the second time who knows what", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00168-00036703-00036871": "will happen next while for the first", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00169-00036872-00037079": "time watcher the next move is unknown", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00170-00037080-00037262": "according to maturity belief all", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00171-00037263-00037471": "possible actions are already created by", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00172-00037472-00037679": "god and humans just choose which action", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00173-00037680-00037815": "they follow", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00174-00037816-00037999": "even the decisions are predetermined", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00175-00038000-00038502": "they happen on human's own essence", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00176-00038503-00038783": "topic belief in alcador is based on four", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00177-00038784-00039183": "things", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00178-00039184-00039487": "alm al ilm knowledge i.e that allah", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00179-00039488-00039655": "knows what had been what will be what", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00180-00039656-00039846": "has never been and how it could be if it", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00181-00039847-00039943": "was", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00182-00039944-00040151": "he also knows what his creation will do", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00183-00040152-00040343": "by virtue of his eternal knowledge", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00184-00040344-00040511": "including their choices that will take", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00185-00040512-00040646": "place", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00186-00040647-00040902": "khatopt kitabot writing i.e", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00187-00040903-00041079": "that allah has written everything that", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00188-00041080-00041255": "exists including the destiny of all", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00189-00041256-00041487": "creatures in ao lao al-mafa's prior to", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00190-00041488-00041639": "creation", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00191-00041640-00041902": "misha mashiat will i.e that what allah", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00192-00041903-00042071": "wills happens and what he does not will", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00193-00042072-00042311": "does not happen there is no movement in", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00194-00042312-00042502": "the heavens or on earth but happens by", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00195-00042503-00042623": "his will", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00196-00042624-00042807": "this does not mean that he forces things", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00197-00042808-00042951": "to happen the way they happen in the", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00198-00042952-00043262": "area of human beings voluntary actions", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00199-00043263-00043407": "it means that he knew what they will", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00200-00043408-00043695": "choose wrote it and now lets it happen", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00201-00043696-00043951": "alcalc al call creation and formation", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00202-00043952-00044167": "i.e that allah is the creator of all", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00203-00044168-00044335": "things including the actions of his", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00204-00044336-00044446": "servants", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00205-00044447-00044639": "they do their actions in a real sense", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00206-00044640-00044807": "and allah is the creator of them and of", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00207-00044808-00045199": "their actions", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00208-00045200-00045774": "topic stages of tikdir fate", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00209-00045775-00045967": "there are five stages where kadur is", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00210-00045968-00046151": "determined and prescribed sent to", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00211-00046152-00046295": "creation", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00212-00046296-00046483": "the decree of allah that is written in", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00213-00046484-00046711": "al-al-mafud before the creation of the", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00214-00046712-00046830": "universe", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00215-00046831-00047007": "this destiny written in the preserved", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00216-00047008-00047230": "tablet is never changed and encompasses", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00217-00047231-00047439": "everything that will be", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00218-00047440-00047615": "allah made a divine decree after the", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00219-00047616-00047846": "creation of adam allah took out all of", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00220-00047847-00048039": "the progeny of adam i.e all of the", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00221-00048040-00048230": "humans from the beginning of time until", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00222-00048231-00048455": "the end of time and asked them am i not", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00223-00048456-00048574": "your lord", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00224-00048575-00048790": "and all of the humans responded we", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00225-00048791-00049023": "testify that you are our lord", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00226-00049024-00049199": "then allah decreed to them who shall go", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00227-00049200-00049495": "to paradise and who shall go to hell", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00228-00049496-00049727": "the lifetime decree this occurs when a", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00229-00049728-00049902": "person is in the womb of their mother", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00230-00049903-00050262": "specifically 120 days after conception", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00231-00050263-00050462": "allah sends an angel to put a soul into", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00232-00050463-00050655": "the person and the angel writes down the", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00233-00050656-00050846": "decree that allah has made their life", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00234-00050847-00051062": "span their actions their sustenance how", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00235-00051063-00051183": "much they will earn throughout their", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00236-00051184-00051319": "lifetime and whether they will be a", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00237-00051320-00051638": "dweller of paradise or a dweller of hell", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00238-00051639-00051838": "the yearly decree this is during the", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00239-00051839-00052079": "night of qadr night of decree where", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00240-00052079-00052270": "allah sends down his decrees from heaven", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00241-00052271-00052479": "to earth in it he destines the actions", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00242-00052479-00052782": "deeds sustenance births deaths etc of", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00243-00052783-00052975": "creation for the next year", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00244-00052976-00053182": "the word kadur should not be confused", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00245-00053183-00053526": "with qadr kadura's destiny qadr is that", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00246-00053527-00053742": "which has been destined i.e decree thus", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00247-00053744-00054015": "the translation knight of decree", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00248-00054016-00054271": "the daily decree allah decrees the daily", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00249-00054272-00054487": "actions of his creation an example of", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00250-00054488-00054694": "how these categorizations help clear the", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00251-00054695-00054919": "idea of destiny is as follows it is", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00252-00054920-00055142": "possible that allah sends a daily yearly", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00253-00055144-00055326": "decree dictating that a person will get", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00254-00055327-00055454": "a prophet", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00255-00055455-00055679": "however due to that person's good deeds", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00256-00055679-00055854": "for instance fulfilling the ties of", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00257-00055855-00056038": "kinship being good to your relatives and", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00258-00056039-00056238": "maintaining the relationship allah sends", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00259-00056239-00056430": "another decree increasing that person's", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00260-00056432-00056542": "profit", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00261-00056544-00056735": "the reversal of the two decrees is all", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00262-00056736-00056919": "within allah's knowledge and is recorded", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00263-00056920-00057103": "in the preserved tablet", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00264-00057104-00057311": "the person himself knows nothing of his", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00265-00057312-00057519": "own destiny or of all his decrees but", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00266-00057520-00057711": "what he does know is that if he performs", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00267-00057712-00057903": "certain good deeds then he will increase", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00268-00057904-00058119": "his profit as in the example above more", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00269-00058120-00058359": "than if he does not do that deed", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00270-00058360-00058519": "in the light of the above the following", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00271-00058520-00058687": "may be derived", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00272-00058688-00058911": "our supplications do change destiny and", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00273-00058912-00059103": "are of much avail", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00274-00059104-00059287": "good deeds are a source of an increase", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00275-00059288-00059447": "in one's sustenance and can avert", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00276-00059448-00059623": "calamities", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00277-00059624-00059799": "sins result in a decrease in one's", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00278-00059800-00060406": "sustenance and invite calamities", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00279-00060407-00060847": "shia view", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00280-00060848-00061054": "twelvers along with other shia sects", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00281-00061055-00061350": "such as the zaidis reject predestination", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00282-00061351-00061559": "this belief is further emphasized by the", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00283-00061560-00061775": "shia concept of bada which states that", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00284-00061776-00061959": "god has not set a definite course for", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00285-00061960-00062119": "human history", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00286-00062120-00062319": "instead god may alter the course of", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00287-00062320-00062582": "human history as he sees fit", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00288-00062583-00062759": "to show that there is no contradiction", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00289-00062760-00062975": "between being predestined and free will", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00290-00062976-00063159": "shiites state that matters relating to", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00291-00063160-00063382": "human destiny are of two kinds definite", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00292-00063383-00063526": "and indefinite", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00293-00063527-00063759": "to explain the definitive one shiites", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00294-00063760-00063975": "argue that god has definite power over", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00295-00063976-00064159": "the whole of existence however so", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00296-00064160-00064375": "whenever he wills he can replace a given", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00297-00064376-00064550": "destiny with another one and that is", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00298-00064551-00064799": "what is called indefinite destiny", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00299-00064800-00064999": "some of these changes of destiny thus", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00300-00065000-00065206": "are brought about by man himself who can", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00301-00065207-00065399": "through his free will his decisions and", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00302-00065400-00065591": "his way of life lay the groundwork for a", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00303-00065592-00065759": "change in his destiny as has been", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00304-00065760-00065967": "pointed out in the verse truly god will", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00305-00065968-00066159": "not change the condition of a people as", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00306-00066160-00066319": "long as they do not change their state", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00307-00066320-00066447": "themselves", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00308-00066448-00066647": "both types of destinies however are", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00309-00066648-00066823": "contained within god's foreknowledge", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00310-00066824-00067015": "shiites argue so that there could be no", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00311-00067016-00067215": "sort of change bada concerning his", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00312-00067216-00067326": "knowledge", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00313-00067327-00067511": "so the first type of destiny does not", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00314-00067512-00067735": "mean a limitation of god's power since", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00315-00067736-00067967": "god in contrast to the belief of jews", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00316-00067968-00068199": "who said the hand of god is tied asserts", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00317-00068200-00068535": "nay his hands are spread out wide", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00318-00068536-00068703": "so god has the power to change", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00319-00068704-00068919": "everything he wills and god's creativity", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00320-00068920-00069071": "is continuous", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00321-00069072-00069367": "accordingly as savani puts it all groups", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00322-00069368-00069559": "in islam regard", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00323-00069560-00069847": "bada as a tenet of the faith even if not", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00324-00069848-00070438": "all actually use the term", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00325-00070439-00070950": "topic see also", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00326-00070951-00071135": "all kaderia", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00327-00071136-00071406": "all qadr sura", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00328-00071407-00071655": "leilat al qadr", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00329-00071656-00072079": "will of god", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00330-00072080-00072191": "topic", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00331-00072192-00072631": "footnotes", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00332-00072632-00073150": "topic references", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00333-00073151-00073582": "savani jaffar shah kazemi reza 2001", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00334-00073583-00073806": "the doctrines of shiism a compendium of", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00335-00073807-00074047": "amami beliefs and practices", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00336-00074048-00075438": "ib tories isbn 9 978186064782", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00337-00075439-00075911": "external links", "ifuVJQKXdlk-00338-00075912-00076483": "concept of qada and kadur alk de w alter"}}, {"audio_id": "ifvrdJfkEYY", "text": {"ifvrdJfkEYY-00000-00000054-00000316": "Indian women's national volleyball team", "ifvrdJfkEYY-00001-00000317-00000509": "represent India in international", "ifvrdJfkEYY-00002-00000509-00000665": "competitions which is managed by", "ifvrdJfkEYY-00003-00000666-00000998": "volleyball Federation of India in July", "ifvrdJfkEYY-00004-00000999-00001283": "2018 minimal abraham was appointed as", "ifvrdJfkEYY-00005-00001284-00001469": "the captain of the indian national team", "ifvrdJfkEYY-00006-00001470-00002150": "for the 2018 Asian Games", "ifvrdJfkEYY-00007-00002151-00002797": "topic volleyball Federation history", "ifvrdJfkEYY-00008-00002798-00003052": "the volleyball Federation of India was", "ifvrdJfkEYY-00009-00003053-00003379": "formed in the year 1951 prior to the", "ifvrdJfkEYY-00010-00003379-00003538": "formation of the volleyball Federation", "ifvrdJfkEYY-00011-00003539-00003820": "of India vfi the game was controlled by", "ifvrdJfkEYY-00012-00003821-00004060": "the Indian Olympic Association IOA", "ifvrdJfkEYY-00013-00004061-00004210": "and at that time the inter state", "ifvrdJfkEYY-00014-00004211-00004390": "volleyball championship was held every", "ifvrdJfkEYY-00015-00004391-00004753": "two years from 1936 to 1950 for men only", "ifvrdJfkEYY-00016-00004754-00005017": "the first championship was held in the", "ifvrdJfkEYY-00017-00005018-00005385": "year 1936 at Lahore now in Pakistan in", "ifvrdJfkEYY-00018-00005386-00005722": "1951 volleyball Federation of India was", "ifvrdJfkEYY-00019-00005723-00005917": "formed and its first meeting was held in", "ifvrdJfkEYY-00020-00005918-00006532": "Ludhiana Punjab", "ifvrdJfkEYY-00021-00006533-00007263": "topic FIV B World Championship", "ifvrdJfkEYY-00022-00007264-00007545": "19:52 fiv be Women's World Championship", "ifvrdJfkEYY-00023-00007547-00008023": "eight", "ifvrdJfkEYY-00024-00008023-00008667": "topic Asian volleyball championship", "ifvrdJfkEYY-00025-00008668-00009013": "nineteen seventy one seventh nineteen", "ifvrdJfkEYY-00026-00009014-00009605": "ninety-one 14th 2005 eleventh 2009 11th", "ifvrdJfkEYY-00027-00009606-00010603": "2011 11 2013 11 2015 10", "ifvrdJfkEYY-00028-00010604-00011142": "topic see also", "ifvrdJfkEYY-00029-00011143-00011586": "India men's national volleyball team"}}, {"audio_id": "ifLFMvhzoNI", "text": {"ifLFMvhzoNI-00000-00000000-00000409": "we are facing several convergent crises", "ifLFMvhzoNI-00001-00000411-00000736": "and one of them is the possibility of", "ifLFMvhzoNI-00002-00000737-00001157": "nuclear war within the next year because", "ifLFMvhzoNI-00003-00001158-00001527": "there is a strong possibility that", "ifLFMvhzoNI-00004-00001528-00001759": "President Bush and Vice President Cheney", "ifLFMvhzoNI-00005-00001760-00002171": "will attack Iran we've learned for while", "ifLFMvhzoNI-00006-00002172-00002425": "they're in office there's reason they", "ifLFMvhzoNI-00007-00002426-00002741": "may not maybe it's my friends say as", "ifLFMvhzoNI-00008-00002742-00003173": "much as a third or maybe a half that", "ifLFMvhzoNI-00009-00003174-00003347": "they will not attack iran since after", "ifLFMvhzoNI-00010-00003347-00003653": "all the military are opposed to it and", "ifLFMvhzoNI-00011-00003654-00003926": "the Secretary of State is opposed and", "ifLFMvhzoNI-00012-00003927-00004094": "the Secretary of Defense is opposed and", "ifLFMvhzoNI-00013-00004095-00004411": "it's crazy so I would be disastrous in", "ifLFMvhzoNI-00014-00004412-00004829": "catastrophic very obviously so maybe it", "ifLFMvhzoNI-00015-00004830-00005147": "won't happen despite the fact that the", "ifLFMvhzoNI-00016-00005148-00005309": "president of the vice president are by", "ifLFMvhzoNI-00017-00005310-00005558": "all accounts determined to bring about", "ifLFMvhzoNI-00018-00005559-00005813": "regime change by an air attack in Iran", "ifLFMvhzoNI-00019-00005814-00006288": "while they are in office now we do have", "ifLFMvhzoNI-00020-00006289-00006667": "in principle and obstacles true they're", "ifLFMvhzoNI-00021-00006668-00006869": "carrying out that attack which is", "ifLFMvhzoNI-00022-00006870-00007039": "article 1 section 8 of the Constitution", "ifLFMvhzoNI-00023-00007040-00007403": "which says that it's the Congress that", "ifLFMvhzoNI-00024-00007404-00007759": "shall declare war but there isn't going", "ifLFMvhzoNI-00025-00007761-00007984": "to be a declaration of war here the", "ifLFMvhzoNI-00026-00007986-00008270": "principle of that article was that no", "ifLFMvhzoNI-00027-00008271-00008710": "one man or woman should have the power", "ifLFMvhzoNI-00028-00008711-00008974": "of authority to launch war when we have", "ifLFMvhzoNI-00029-00008975-00009116": "not been attacked and are not being", "ifLFMvhzoNI-00030-00009117-00009614": "threatened as we are not by Iran as we", "ifLFMvhzoNI-00031-00009615-00009884": "were not by Iraq but erat did get", "ifLFMvhzoNI-00032-00009885-00010142": "attacked of course the idea was that", "ifLFMvhzoNI-00033-00010143-00010319": "that decision should be made by a", "ifLFMvhzoNI-00034-00010320-00010613": "collectivity obviously there's no", "ifLFMvhzoNI-00035-00010614-00010799": "guarantee of good judgment and a", "ifLFMvhzoNI-00036-00010800-00011003": "collection of people or a nation people", "ifLFMvhzoNI-00037-00011004-00011335": "and actually if Congress unanimously", "ifLFMvhzoNI-00038-00011336-00011585": "declared war on iran that wouldn't make", "ifLFMvhzoNI-00039-00011586-00011924": "it a legal war since the UN Charter", "ifLFMvhzoNI-00040-00011925-00012220": "which is supreme law of the land being a", "ifLFMvhzoNI-00041-00012221-00012532": "ratified treaty of his", "ifLFMvhzoNI-00042-00012533-00012963": "since 1945 which declares that it is a", "ifLFMvhzoNI-00043-00012964-00013285": "crime against the peace to wage war", "ifLFMvhzoNI-00044-00013286-00013422": "against the country that is not", "ifLFMvhzoNI-00045-00013424-00013732": "attacking you at this moment and has not", "ifLFMvhzoNI-00046-00013733-00013947": "been declared by the Security Council", "ifLFMvhzoNI-00047-00013947-00014194": "which of course was not the case with", "ifLFMvhzoNI-00048-00014194-00014647": "Iraq and will not be the case in Iran to", "ifLFMvhzoNI-00049-00014647-00014812": "launch such an attack a so-called", "ifLFMvhzoNI-00050-00014813-00015211": "preemptive a preventive attack would be", "ifLFMvhzoNI-00051-00015212-00015493": "a crime of aggression the crime for", "ifLFMvhzoNI-00052-00015494-00015721": "which people were hanged at Nuremberg", "ifLFMvhzoNI-00053-00015722-00016060": "and in the Tokyo trials that will not", "ifLFMvhzoNI-00054-00016061-00016600": "happen of course to our officials they", "ifLFMvhzoNI-00055-00016601-00016753": "will not be in the dock and not only", "ifLFMvhzoNI-00056-00016754-00017224": "because they refused to ratify or sign", "ifLFMvhzoNI-00057-00017225-00017577": "the International Criminal Court the", "ifLFMvhzoNI-00058-00017578-00017818": "reason given for not signing that are", "ifLFMvhzoNI-00059-00017819-00018076": "for unsigned that actually under Bush", "ifLFMvhzoNI-00060-00018077-00018319": "was that to protect our low-level", "ifLFMvhzoNI-00061-00018320-00018727": "officer Simms innocent men from possible", "ifLFMvhzoNI-00062-00018728-00019150": "prosecution they did that as I recall in", "ifLFMvhzoNI-00063-00019151-00019360": "the summer of two thousand one we now", "ifLFMvhzoNI-00064-00019361-00019621": "know that they were already planning on", "ifLFMvhzoNI-00065-00019622-00019936": "the regime change in Iraq by military", "ifLFMvhzoNI-00066-00019937-00020167": "action we know that from Secretary of", "ifLFMvhzoNI-00067-00020168-00020622": "Treasury Paul O'Neill who tells us in a", "ifLFMvhzoNI-00068-00020623-00021097": "memoir of 2004 that the subject of the", "ifLFMvhzoNI-00069-00021098-00021347": "First National Security Council meeting", "ifLFMvhzoNI-00070-00021348-00021721": "which he attended was what he understood", "ifLFMvhzoNI-00071-00021722-00021922": "to be a decision already taken by the", "ifLFMvhzoNI-00072-00021923-00022194": "President to invade Iraq and the", "ifLFMvhzoNI-00073-00022195-00022525": "question only was when and under what", "ifLFMvhzoNI-00074-00022526-00022882": "pretense 911 gave him what he regarded", "ifLFMvhzoNI-00075-00022883-00023179": "as a justification although the chief of", "ifLFMvhzoNI-00076-00023180-00023379": "counterterrorism in the White House", "ifLFMvhzoNI-00077-00023380-00023746": "Richard Clark tells us in his memoir of", "ifLFMvhzoNI-00078-00023747-00024012": "2000 for a few months after a meal that", "ifLFMvhzoNI-00079-00024013-00024331": "he informed the president on sep tember", "ifLFMvhzoNI-00080-00024332-00024769": "12 that Iraq had had nothing to do with", "ifLFMvhzoNI-00081-00024770-00025171": "911 and he informed Secretary of Defense", "ifLFMvhzoNI-00082-00025172-00025433": "Rumsfeld to that and Rumsfeld said", "ifLFMvhzoNI-00083-00025434-00025693": "he said Osama bin Laden did this he's", "ifLFMvhzoNI-00084-00025694-00026053": "based in Afghanistan Rumsfeld said but", "ifLFMvhzoNI-00085-00026054-00026320": "there are no good targets in Afghanistan", "ifLFMvhzoNI-00086-00026322-00026654": "and as we now know that was true in a", "ifLFMvhzoNI-00087-00026655-00026896": "sense i mean osada was there but Osama", "ifLFMvhzoNI-00088-00026897-00027206": "is still in Afghanistan or Pakistan of", "ifLFMvhzoNI-00089-00027207-00027677": "on the borders or Ally Pakistan so Osama", "ifLFMvhzoNI-00090-00027677-00027964": "is not a good target will it appear but", "ifLFMvhzoNI-00091-00027964-00028268": "targets in Iraq or what called for", "ifLFMvhzoNI-00092-00028269-00028769": "action so Clark then tells us that his", "ifLFMvhzoNI-00093-00028770-00028982": "position he informed the Mo's it was not", "ifLFMvhzoNI-00094-00028983-00029362": "just that Iraq was the wrong country to", "ifLFMvhzoNI-00095-00029363-00029723": "attack but the to attack Iraq a Muslim", "ifLFMvhzoNI-00096-00029724-00029995": "country filled with Lil that had not", "ifLFMvhzoNI-00097-00029997-00030433": "attacked us would strengthen al Qaeda to", "ifLFMvhzoNI-00098-00030435-00030731": "such an extent that we would never ever", "ifLFMvhzoNI-00099-00030732-00030989": "be able to reduce its strength the war", "ifLFMvhzoNI-00100-00030989-00031217": "on terrorism of which Richard Clarke was", "ifLFMvhzoNI-00101-00031218-00031580": "the chief he by the way was assigned by", "ifLFMvhzoNI-00102-00031581-00031874": "condi rice to take the chair and to run", "ifLFMvhzoNI-00103-00031875-00032137": "to coordinate the response in Washington", "ifLFMvhzoNI-00104-00032138-00032447": "to 911"}}, {"audio_id": "igiVsPC7keQ", "text": {"igiVsPC7keQ-00000-00000016-00000295": "hello everybody welcome to our session", "igiVsPC7keQ-00001-00000296-00000551": "here on uh remote teaching", "igiVsPC7keQ-00002-00000552-00001023": "and online learning in an emergency and", "igiVsPC7keQ-00003-00001024-00001262": "understanding the pandemic pedagogy", "igiVsPC7keQ-00004-00001263-00001423": "we'll be getting started in", "igiVsPC7keQ-00005-00001424-00004283": "i would say about 30 seconds here", "igiVsPC7keQ-00006-00004284-00004519": "uh", "igiVsPC7keQ-00007-00004520-00004702": "again everybody welcome and i gotta play", "igiVsPC7keQ-00008-00004703-00005015": "a quick little disclaimer", "igiVsPC7keQ-00009-00005016-00005222": "this presentation was produced under us", "igiVsPC7keQ-00010-00005223-00005806": "department of education contract number", "igiVsPC7keQ-00011-00005807-00006270": "for gs-00f115ca", "igiVsPC7keQ-00012-00006271-00006495": "with synergy enterprises inc the views", "igiVsPC7keQ-00013-00006495-00006678": "expressed herein do not necessarily", "igiVsPC7keQ-00014-00006679-00006887": "represent the positions or policies of", "igiVsPC7keQ-00015-00006888-00007103": "the u.s department of education", "igiVsPC7keQ-00016-00007104-00007263": "no official endorsement by the us", "igiVsPC7keQ-00017-00007264-00007446": "department of education of any product", "igiVsPC7keQ-00018-00007447-00007623": "commodity service or enterprise", "igiVsPC7keQ-00019-00007623-00007703": "mentioned herein", "igiVsPC7keQ-00020-00007704-00009055": "is intended or should be inferred", "igiVsPC7keQ-00021-00009056-00009263": "now i can't hear you dave i don't know", "igiVsPC7keQ-00022-00009264-00009823": "if others can or not", "igiVsPC7keQ-00023-00009824-00010078": "hello everyone and welcome it's good to", "igiVsPC7keQ-00024-00010079-00010271": "be with you today we're uh", "igiVsPC7keQ-00025-00010272-00010423": "getting ready to start our remote", "igiVsPC7keQ-00026-00010424-00010583": "teaching and online learning in an", "igiVsPC7keQ-00027-00010584-00010735": "emergency understanding", "igiVsPC7keQ-00028-00010736-00010967": "the pandemic pedagogy my name is dave", "igiVsPC7keQ-00029-00010968-00011223": "mazza i'm with the oie staff", "igiVsPC7keQ-00030-00011224-00011446": "and i want to introduce our presenter", "igiVsPC7keQ-00031-00011447-00011606": "your presenter for today dr", "igiVsPC7keQ-00032-00011607-00011759": "michael barber he's an associate", "igiVsPC7keQ-00033-00011760-00011967": "professor of instructional design for", "igiVsPC7keQ-00034-00011968-00012142": "the college of education and health", "igiVsPC7keQ-00035-00012143-00012246": "sciences", "igiVsPC7keQ-00036-00012247-00012551": "at toro university california", "igiVsPC7keQ-00037-00012552-00012846": "he's been involved with k-12 distance", "igiVsPC7keQ-00038-00012847-00013022": "online and blended learning for", "igiVsPC7keQ-00039-00013023-00013222": "over two decades as a researcher", "igiVsPC7keQ-00040-00013223-00013375": "evaluator teacher", "igiVsPC7keQ-00041-00013376-00013575": "course designer and administrator", "igiVsPC7keQ-00042-00013576-00013743": "throughout the united states", "igiVsPC7keQ-00043-00013744-00014071": "canada new zealand and several other", "igiVsPC7keQ-00044-00014072-00014351": "international jurisdictions dr barber", "igiVsPC7keQ-00045-00014352-00014583": "the floor is now yours", "igiVsPC7keQ-00046-00014584-00014799": "thank you very much dave and welcome", "igiVsPC7keQ-00047-00014800-00015015": "folks it's a pleasure to be here", "igiVsPC7keQ-00048-00015016-00015319": "um so before i actually get started into", "igiVsPC7keQ-00049-00015319-00015511": "the formal presentation", "igiVsPC7keQ-00050-00015512-00015815": "um i'm as dave mentioned i'm from tour", "igiVsPC7keQ-00051-00015816-00015999": "university california", "igiVsPC7keQ-00052-00016000-00016311": "and toro university california actually", "igiVsPC7keQ-00053-00016312-00016703": "sits on land that", "igiVsPC7keQ-00054-00016704-00017094": "was included in the 1850-18", "igiVsPC7keQ-00055-00017095-00017455": "uh unratified treaties and", "igiVsPC7keQ-00056-00017456-00017850": "in particular it sits on track", "igiVsPC7keQ-00057-00017851-00018158": "296 which is the traditional land of the", "igiVsPC7keQ-00058-00018159-00018271": "carcan people", "igiVsPC7keQ-00059-00018272-00018486": "although as you can see from the map", "igiVsPC7keQ-00060-00018487-00018622": "here um", "igiVsPC7keQ-00061-00018623-00018814": "solano county which is where the", "igiVsPC7keQ-00062-00018815-00018975": "university is located is also", "igiVsPC7keQ-00063-00018976-00019150": "traditional homes to", "igiVsPC7keQ-00064-00019151-00019471": "the patuana miwok people as well i'm not", "igiVsPC7keQ-00065-00019472-00019511": "sure", "igiVsPC7keQ-00066-00019512-00019686": "and i don't think you can see my video", "igiVsPC7keQ-00067-00019687-00019958": "at this stage but at the end", "igiVsPC7keQ-00068-00019959-00020135": "you will and you'll note that i've got", "igiVsPC7keQ-00069-00020136-00020279": "my orange shirt on", "igiVsPC7keQ-00070-00020280-00020607": "being a proud canadian i always take the", "igiVsPC7keQ-00071-00020608-00020775": "opportunity to participate", "igiVsPC7keQ-00072-00020776-00021158": "in orange shirt day which was originally", "igiVsPC7keQ-00073-00021159-00021307": "established back in", "igiVsPC7keQ-00074-00021308-00021607": "2013 uh orange shirt day is", "igiVsPC7keQ-00075-00021608-00021830": "on the 30th of september and i wanted to", "igiVsPC7keQ-00076-00021831-00022022": "mention to folks about this", "igiVsPC7keQ-00077-00022023-00022367": "because while it's a canadian thing the", "igiVsPC7keQ-00078-00022368-00022678": "idea behind it is to bring awareness to", "igiVsPC7keQ-00079-00022679-00022967": "canada's residential school system and", "igiVsPC7keQ-00080-00022968-00023007": "the", "igiVsPC7keQ-00081-00023008-00023327": "uh to remember those that", "igiVsPC7keQ-00082-00023328-00023535": "both the survivors of it as well as", "igiVsPC7keQ-00083-00023536-00023647": "those that", "igiVsPC7keQ-00084-00023648-00023983": "didn't survive and since similar models", "igiVsPC7keQ-00085-00023984-00024103": "of schooling were", "igiVsPC7keQ-00086-00024104-00024447": "implemented in many countries it is", "igiVsPC7keQ-00087-00024448-00024663": "something that i think", "igiVsPC7keQ-00088-00024664-00024903": "really should be an international event", "igiVsPC7keQ-00089-00024904-00025014": "as opposed to just", "igiVsPC7keQ-00090-00025015-00025327": "a canadian event so um getting", "igiVsPC7keQ-00091-00025328-00025662": "into i guess the the content here and", "igiVsPC7keQ-00092-00025663-00025878": "to spend a little bit of background i", "igiVsPC7keQ-00093-00025879-00026111": "guess to sort of situate us", "igiVsPC7keQ-00094-00026112-00026431": "um distance education is not a", "igiVsPC7keQ-00095-00026432-00026702": "a new thing at the k-12 level while it", "igiVsPC7keQ-00096-00026704-00026943": "does have its roots in higher education", "igiVsPC7keQ-00097-00026944-00027127": "as you can see by the timeline that", "igiVsPC7keQ-00098-00027127-00027246": "you've got there", "igiVsPC7keQ-00099-00027247-00027462": "we've been doing distance education for", "igiVsPC7keQ-00100-00027463-00027670": "well over a century now", "igiVsPC7keQ-00101-00027672-00028095": "and basically as the technologies have", "igiVsPC7keQ-00102-00028095-00028255": "changed", "igiVsPC7keQ-00103-00028256-00028511": "so has the way in which we've delivered", "igiVsPC7keQ-00104-00028512-00028695": "distance learning", "igiVsPC7keQ-00105-00028695-00028990": "to our k-12 populations and i like", "igiVsPC7keQ-00106-00028991-00029190": "starting with this particular slide and", "igiVsPC7keQ-00107-00029191-00029423": "you can see the transition there from", "igiVsPC7keQ-00108-00029424-00029639": "a use of correspondence education", "igiVsPC7keQ-00109-00029639-00029807": "beginning at about the turn of the last", "igiVsPC7keQ-00110-00029808-00029895": "century", "igiVsPC7keQ-00111-00029895-00030190": "to using educational radio which in", "igiVsPC7keQ-00112-00030191-00030327": "certain parts of the united states", "igiVsPC7keQ-00113-00030327-00030487": "particularly the midwest", "igiVsPC7keQ-00114-00030488-00030831": "as well as in australia in a big way", "igiVsPC7keQ-00115-00030832-00031111": "to instructional television then more", "igiVsPC7keQ-00116-00031112-00031383": "telematics or audiographic systems", "igiVsPC7keQ-00117-00031383-00031718": "to the online learning that we see today", "igiVsPC7keQ-00118-00031719-00031918": "and i like starting with this particular", "igiVsPC7keQ-00119-00031919-00032031": "timeline because", "igiVsPC7keQ-00120-00032032-00032214": "it's important to know all of these", "igiVsPC7keQ-00121-00032216-00032470": "things that came beforehand", "igiVsPC7keQ-00122-00032472-00032639": "because one of the things that we saw", "igiVsPC7keQ-00123-00032639-00032807": "particularly at the beginning", "igiVsPC7keQ-00124-00032808-00033062": "of this pandemic was those jurisdictions", "igiVsPC7keQ-00125-00033063-00033111": "that", "igiVsPC7keQ-00126-00033112-00033446": "still had access to content and still", "igiVsPC7keQ-00127-00033447-00033567": "had access to", "igiVsPC7keQ-00128-00033568-00033815": "the technology from some of these legacy", "igiVsPC7keQ-00129-00033816-00033887": "models", "igiVsPC7keQ-00130-00033888-00034223": "in many cases actually fared far better", "igiVsPC7keQ-00131-00034224-00034462": "in providing continuity of learning in", "igiVsPC7keQ-00132-00034463-00034687": "those initial stages of the pandemic", "igiVsPC7keQ-00133-00034688-00034727": "than", "igiVsPC7keQ-00134-00034728-00034983": "other jurisdictions that needed to rely", "igiVsPC7keQ-00135-00034984-00035031": "upon", "igiVsPC7keQ-00136-00035032-00035287": "fancy devices and broadband and all of", "igiVsPC7keQ-00137-00035288-00035407": "these other things that", "igiVsPC7keQ-00138-00035408-00035718": "that we associate more with the online", "igiVsPC7keQ-00139-00035719-00035846": "learning", "igiVsPC7keQ-00140-00035847-00036151": "now if you look at online learning in", "igiVsPC7keQ-00141-00036152-00036311": "particular", "igiVsPC7keQ-00142-00036312-00036639": "when you look at the united states again", "igiVsPC7keQ-00143-00036640-00036862": "like the history of distance education", "igiVsPC7keQ-00144-00036863-00036943": "there's a much", "igiVsPC7keQ-00145-00036944-00037343": "richer history of k-12 distance or k-12", "igiVsPC7keQ-00146-00037344-00037567": "online learning than what most of us are", "igiVsPC7keQ-00147-00037568-00037679": "aware of", "igiVsPC7keQ-00148-00037680-00037871": "it's actually this is the 30th", "igiVsPC7keQ-00149-00037872-00037999": "anniversary of", "igiVsPC7keQ-00150-00038000-00038343": "the first full-time online school in the", "igiVsPC7keQ-00151-00038344-00038502": "united states it was a private school in", "igiVsPC7keQ-00152-00038503-00038599": "california", "igiVsPC7keQ-00153-00038600-00038807": "laurel springs schools but you can see", "igiVsPC7keQ-00154-00038808-00039007": "throughout the 90s we saw", "igiVsPC7keQ-00155-00039008-00039271": "the introduction of full-time and", "igiVsPC7keQ-00156-00039272-00039415": "supplemental online", "igiVsPC7keQ-00157-00039416-00039718": "programs we've had two decades now of", "igiVsPC7keQ-00158-00039719-00039927": "these cyber charter schools", "igiVsPC7keQ-00159-00039928-00040207": "um you can see that uh when you the", "igiVsPC7keQ-00160-00040208-00040399": "timeline sort of cuts off a little bit", "igiVsPC7keQ-00161-00040400-00040735": "but by the time you get to 2011 there", "igiVsPC7keQ-00162-00040736-00041023": "are uh there's online learning happening", "igiVsPC7keQ-00163-00041024-00041174": "in all 50 states", "igiVsPC7keQ-00164-00041175-00041358": "plus the the district of columbia so", "igiVsPC7keQ-00165-00041359-00041502": "we've got a decade where", "igiVsPC7keQ-00166-00041503-00041783": "it's been happening everywhere in the us", "igiVsPC7keQ-00167-00041784-00042039": "and right now we're pegging it to be", "igiVsPC7keQ-00168-00042040-00042327": "approximately five to six million uh", "igiVsPC7keQ-00169-00042328-00042430": "students that are", "igiVsPC7keQ-00170-00042431-00042727": "engaged in k-12 online uh learning", "igiVsPC7keQ-00171-00042728-00042846": "pre-pandemic", "igiVsPC7keQ-00172-00042847-00043030": "uh so not including sort of all of the", "igiVsPC7keQ-00173-00043031-00043223": "stuff that's uh been happening", "igiVsPC7keQ-00174-00043224-00043767": "since march of this year so", "igiVsPC7keQ-00175-00043768-00043927": "i've used a couple of terms here that i", "igiVsPC7keQ-00176-00043928-00044127": "want to make sure folks are aware of so", "igiVsPC7keQ-00177-00044128-00044215": "the first was", "igiVsPC7keQ-00178-00044216-00044439": "supplemental online learning so", "igiVsPC7keQ-00179-00044440-00044607": "supplemental online learning are", "igiVsPC7keQ-00180-00044608-00044767": "situations where", "igiVsPC7keQ-00181-00044768-00044990": "you have a student that's enrolled in a", "igiVsPC7keQ-00182-00044991-00045158": "brick and mortar or face-to-face", "igiVsPC7keQ-00183-00045159-00045407": "physical high school or physical school", "igiVsPC7keQ-00184-00045408-00045535": "i should say it doesn't necessarily have", "igiVsPC7keQ-00185-00045536-00045662": "to be a high school", "igiVsPC7keQ-00186-00045663-00045927": "and they're taking one or more of their", "igiVsPC7keQ-00187-00045928-00045999": "courses", "igiVsPC7keQ-00188-00046000-00046327": "online to be able to supplement", "igiVsPC7keQ-00189-00046328-00046551": "what they can't get in the school or", "igiVsPC7keQ-00190-00046552-00046718": "maybe that they just can't fit in their", "igiVsPC7keQ-00191-00046719-00046799": "schedule", "igiVsPC7keQ-00192-00046800-00046967": "um you know so you have got a student", "igiVsPC7keQ-00193-00046968-00047118": "that wants to take ap", "igiVsPC7keQ-00194-00047119-00047343": "calculus but there's not enough students", "igiVsPC7keQ-00195-00047344-00047583": "that want to take it so the the school", "igiVsPC7keQ-00196-00047584-00047799": "offers it to them online", "igiVsPC7keQ-00197-00047800-00048095": "you have a student that wants to do both", "igiVsPC7keQ-00198-00048096-00048158": "music", "igiVsPC7keQ-00199-00048159-00048486": "and physics and they're both offered in", "igiVsPC7keQ-00200-00048487-00048727": "the same slot so instead of having", "igiVsPC7keQ-00201-00048728-00049046": "to take one or the other they can take", "igiVsPC7keQ-00202-00049047-00049199": "one in the classroom and take the", "igiVsPC7keQ-00203-00049200-00049486": "other one in an online context the", "igiVsPC7keQ-00204-00049487-00049630": "important thing to remember with the", "igiVsPC7keQ-00205-00049631-00049727": "supplemental", "igiVsPC7keQ-00206-00049728-00050030": "programs are that all of the trappings", "igiVsPC7keQ-00207-00050031-00050127": "and supports", "igiVsPC7keQ-00208-00050128-00050279": "that you would normally have in a", "igiVsPC7keQ-00209-00050280-00050439": "regular school", "igiVsPC7keQ-00210-00050440-00050655": "are still available to that student so", "igiVsPC7keQ-00211-00050656-00050774": "they still have", "igiVsPC7keQ-00212-00050775-00050958": "uh the technology support that's", "igiVsPC7keQ-00213-00050959-00051095": "available in the school", "igiVsPC7keQ-00214-00051096-00051287": "uh usually there's some sort of mentor", "igiVsPC7keQ-00215-00051288-00051487": "teacher or facilitator", "igiVsPC7keQ-00216-00051488-00051726": "some sort of on-site coordinator that is", "igiVsPC7keQ-00217-00051727-00051846": "overseeing", "igiVsPC7keQ-00218-00051847-00052079": "the online learning that is happening", "igiVsPC7keQ-00219-00052079-00052294": "for that particular student", "igiVsPC7keQ-00220-00052295-00052599": "now when you look at the us", "igiVsPC7keQ-00221-00052600-00052854": "for the most part and then this one is", "igiVsPC7keQ-00222-00052855-00052966": "basically your", "igiVsPC7keQ-00223-00052967-00053191": "pre pandemic so this is the last regular", "igiVsPC7keQ-00224-00053191-00053335": "school year that we had", "igiVsPC7keQ-00225-00053336-00053542": "um you can see sort of the states where", "igiVsPC7keQ-00226-00053544-00053687": "this is happening", "igiVsPC7keQ-00227-00053688-00054047": "and these are the roughly four to five", "igiVsPC7keQ-00228-00054048-00054142": "million", "igiVsPC7keQ-00229-00054144-00054519": "students where would be in these states", "igiVsPC7keQ-00230-00054520-00054782": "now i say it like that because the four", "igiVsPC7keQ-00231-00054783-00054991": "to five million in those states because", "igiVsPC7keQ-00232-00054991-00055150": "you'll notice that many of you are", "igiVsPC7keQ-00233-00055151-00055366": "probably in some of the states that are", "igiVsPC7keQ-00234-00055367-00055471": "in white", "igiVsPC7keQ-00235-00055472-00055638": "many of you are probably aware of", "igiVsPC7keQ-00236-00055639-00055966": "district based programs that your", "igiVsPC7keQ-00237-00055967-00056159": "students may be able to take advantage", "igiVsPC7keQ-00238-00056160-00056287": "of and", "igiVsPC7keQ-00239-00056288-00056463": "that's actually one of the difficulties", "igiVsPC7keQ-00240-00056464-00056647": "that we have with trying to sort of", "igiVsPC7keQ-00241-00056648-00056847": "figure out how many students were", "igiVsPC7keQ-00242-00056848-00056966": "engaged in this pre", "igiVsPC7keQ-00243-00056967-00057350": "pandemic is because in a lot of states", "igiVsPC7keQ-00244-00057351-00057575": "we have district run programs but in", "igiVsPC7keQ-00245-00057576-00057711": "most cases they're not", "igiVsPC7keQ-00246-00057712-00057919": "operated as separate schools so we can't", "igiVsPC7keQ-00247-00057920-00058023": "sort of say that", "igiVsPC7keQ-00248-00058024-00058326": "yes there's 672 students that are taking", "igiVsPC7keQ-00249-00058327-00058535": "courses from that program", "igiVsPC7keQ-00250-00058536-00058703": "what ends up happening is they sort of", "igiVsPC7keQ-00251-00058704-00058887": "fly under the radar", "igiVsPC7keQ-00252-00058888-00059047": "and you know so if you look at a state", "igiVsPC7keQ-00253-00059048-00059215": "like california where i'm too", "igiVsPC7keQ-00254-00059216-00059447": "all of the districts that are contingent", "igiVsPC7keQ-00255-00059448-00059638": "to my university", "igiVsPC7keQ-00256-00059639-00059854": "offer some form of supplemental online", "igiVsPC7keQ-00257-00059855-00060103": "learning we really have no idea how many", "igiVsPC7keQ-00258-00060104-00060238": "are there the state department of", "igiVsPC7keQ-00259-00060239-00060423": "education doesn't know how many are", "igiVsPC7keQ-00260-00060424-00060454": "there", "igiVsPC7keQ-00261-00060455-00060638": "in many cases the individual school", "igiVsPC7keQ-00262-00060639-00060782": "districts wouldn't even be able to give", "igiVsPC7keQ-00263-00060783-00060911": "you a firm number", "igiVsPC7keQ-00264-00060912-00061135": "um but of those that we can count so", "igiVsPC7keQ-00265-00061136-00061342": "those in the states in green", "igiVsPC7keQ-00266-00061344-00061647": "we can say that there are about", "igiVsPC7keQ-00267-00061648-00061919": "four to five million now the other term", "igiVsPC7keQ-00268-00061920-00062111": "i used was this full-time", "igiVsPC7keQ-00269-00062112-00062430": "online learning and these are students", "igiVsPC7keQ-00270-00062432-00062687": "that don't attend a physical or brick", "igiVsPC7keQ-00271-00062688-00062815": "and mortar school at all", "igiVsPC7keQ-00272-00062816-00063159": "they do 100 of their schooling online", "igiVsPC7keQ-00273-00063160-00063399": "if we were in normal times all of those", "igiVsPC7keQ-00274-00063400-00063623": "kids that are learning at home right now", "igiVsPC7keQ-00275-00063624-00063815": "during the pandemic they would be", "igiVsPC7keQ-00276-00063816-00063999": "considered full-time online learners and", "igiVsPC7keQ-00277-00064000-00064182": "i say in normal times because", "igiVsPC7keQ-00278-00064183-00064342": "in a minute i'm going to talk to you a", "igiVsPC7keQ-00279-00064344-00064550": "little bit about why what we've seen", "igiVsPC7keQ-00280-00064551-00064830": "since march of last year so the last 13", "igiVsPC7keQ-00281-00064832-00064935": "months", "igiVsPC7keQ-00282-00064936-00065230": "isn't really online learning it's it's", "igiVsPC7keQ-00283-00065232-00065366": "something a little bit different", "igiVsPC7keQ-00284-00065367-00065559": "but as you can see from the way this", "igiVsPC7keQ-00285-00065560-00065719": "image is put together while they have", "igiVsPC7keQ-00286-00065720-00065935": "access to an online teacher", "igiVsPC7keQ-00287-00065936-00066199": "that online teacher is not with them so", "igiVsPC7keQ-00288-00066200-00066415": "the parent or the guardian really has to", "igiVsPC7keQ-00289-00066416-00066606": "provide a lot of support", "igiVsPC7keQ-00290-00066607-00066863": "for that particular student and that's", "igiVsPC7keQ-00291-00066864-00067023": "something that we've seen throughout the", "igiVsPC7keQ-00292-00067024-00067143": "pandemic", "igiVsPC7keQ-00293-00067144-00067447": "in those full-time models most of them", "igiVsPC7keQ-00294-00067448-00067671": "actually have a formal role for the", "igiVsPC7keQ-00295-00067672-00067791": "parent or guardian", "igiVsPC7keQ-00296-00067792-00067943": "they generally call them learning", "igiVsPC7keQ-00297-00067944-00068087": "coaches and they have a list of", "igiVsPC7keQ-00298-00068088-00068215": "responsibilities", "igiVsPC7keQ-00299-00068216-00068550": "that they are supposed to undertake on a", "igiVsPC7keQ-00300-00068551-00068775": "regular basis with their student", "igiVsPC7keQ-00301-00068776-00069103": "in fact from a legal standpoint", "igiVsPC7keQ-00302-00069104-00069271": "there have been several court cases that", "igiVsPC7keQ-00303-00069272-00069438": "have actually found that", "igiVsPC7keQ-00304-00069439-00069694": "the parent or guardian in the role of", "igiVsPC7keQ-00305-00069695-00069823": "learning coach", "igiVsPC7keQ-00306-00069824-00070135": "provides the primary instructional role", "igiVsPC7keQ-00307-00070136-00070335": "or primary instructional support", "igiVsPC7keQ-00308-00070336-00070606": "for the individual student now when", "igiVsPC7keQ-00309-00070607-00070679": "you're looking", "igiVsPC7keQ-00310-00070680-00070975": "at these programs because they are", "igiVsPC7keQ-00311-00070976-00071143": "standalone programs", "igiVsPC7keQ-00312-00071144-00071447": "for the most part they have a department", "igiVsPC7keQ-00313-00071448-00071671": "of education id code", "igiVsPC7keQ-00314-00071672-00071975": "so we can figure out both which states", "igiVsPC7keQ-00315-00071976-00072350": "are offering them for the most part and", "igiVsPC7keQ-00316-00072351-00072567": "exactly how many students are enrolling", "igiVsPC7keQ-00317-00072568-00072671": "in these programs", "igiVsPC7keQ-00318-00072672-00072862": "so you can see the states in red there", "igiVsPC7keQ-00319-00072863-00073055": "and again this is back to the", "igiVsPC7keQ-00320-00073056-00073238": "last full school year before the", "igiVsPC7keQ-00321-00073239-00073399": "pandemic", "igiVsPC7keQ-00322-00073400-00073694": "and you can see the rough enrollment of", "igiVsPC7keQ-00323-00073695-00073823": "the", "igiVsPC7keQ-00324-00073824-00074079": "students in that particular state and", "igiVsPC7keQ-00325-00074080-00074279": "they also have the percentage", "igiVsPC7keQ-00326-00074280-00074479": "right over on the very far right hand", "igiVsPC7keQ-00327-00074480-00074750": "side the percentage of k-12 students", "igiVsPC7keQ-00328-00074751-00075055": "from that state that that makes up so as", "igiVsPC7keQ-00329-00075056-00075231": "an example you see that", "igiVsPC7keQ-00330-00075232-00075471": "pennsylvania is at the top there with", "igiVsPC7keQ-00331-00075472-00075543": "just over", "igiVsPC7keQ-00332-00075544-00075831": "just under i guess 36 000 students that", "igiVsPC7keQ-00333-00075832-00076094": "were enrolled in full-time programs", "igiVsPC7keQ-00334-00076095-00076335": "and you can see that at the time that", "igiVsPC7keQ-00335-00076336-00076406": "was about", "igiVsPC7keQ-00336-00076407-00076750": "two percent of all of the students that", "igiVsPC7keQ-00337-00076751-00076919": "were in pennsylvania all the k-12", "igiVsPC7keQ-00338-00076920-00076982": "students", "igiVsPC7keQ-00339-00076983-00077335": "that were in pennsylvania", "igiVsPC7keQ-00340-00077336-00077487": "now i've mentioned a couple of times", "igiVsPC7keQ-00341-00077488-00077726": "that what we've seen over the past year", "igiVsPC7keQ-00342-00077727-00078071": "isn't really um online learning", "igiVsPC7keQ-00343-00078072-00078255": "and it's important to really sort of", "igiVsPC7keQ-00344-00078256-00078482": "understand a little bit about", "igiVsPC7keQ-00345-00078483-00078815": "um what we know or what we don't know", "igiVsPC7keQ-00346-00078816-00079015": "about what's happened in the past 13", "igiVsPC7keQ-00347-00079016-00079111": "months", "igiVsPC7keQ-00348-00079112-00079367": "you know so when the pandemic first hit", "igiVsPC7keQ-00349-00079368-00079447": "we saw", "igiVsPC7keQ-00350-00079448-00079782": "a barrage of things that", "igiVsPC7keQ-00351-00079783-00080087": "happened and uh in all honesty", "igiVsPC7keQ-00352-00080088-00080279": "i will you know as someone who's been", "igiVsPC7keQ-00353-00080280-00080462": "studying this field now for over two", "igiVsPC7keQ-00354-00080463-00080662": "decades i'll say that", "igiVsPC7keQ-00355-00080663-00080926": "anything that happened in the spring at", "igiVsPC7keQ-00356-00080927-00081071": "the teacher level", "igiVsPC7keQ-00357-00081072-00081391": "my hats off to each and every one of you", "igiVsPC7keQ-00358-00081392-00081447": "um", "igiVsPC7keQ-00359-00081448-00081623": "you know you were thrown into a", "igiVsPC7keQ-00360-00081624-00081759": "situation that", "igiVsPC7keQ-00361-00081760-00082015": "your teacher preparation programs hadn't", "igiVsPC7keQ-00362-00082016-00082199": "prepared you for", "igiVsPC7keQ-00363-00082200-00082455": "your districts had never come up with a", "igiVsPC7keQ-00364-00082456-00082582": "specific plan", "igiVsPC7keQ-00365-00082583-00082767": "to address these things your school", "igiVsPC7keQ-00366-00082768-00082903": "leaders and district leaders", "igiVsPC7keQ-00367-00082904-00083111": "your department of education leadership", "igiVsPC7keQ-00368-00083112-00083215": "didn't have", "igiVsPC7keQ-00369-00083216-00083575": "a firm plan to address this and", "igiVsPC7keQ-00370-00083576-00083879": "you guys did some amazing things", "igiVsPC7keQ-00371-00083880-00084191": "throughout that time both with the tools", "igiVsPC7keQ-00372-00084192-00084350": "that you had available", "igiVsPC7keQ-00373-00084351-00084638": "but also providing in some cases a lot", "igiVsPC7keQ-00374-00084639-00084694": "of that", "igiVsPC7keQ-00375-00084695-00084975": "personal touch that we saw on the", "igiVsPC7keQ-00376-00084976-00085111": "previous slide", "igiVsPC7keQ-00377-00085112-00085391": "and i mean you can see my guess is is", "igiVsPC7keQ-00378-00085392-00085462": "that", "igiVsPC7keQ-00379-00085463-00085718": "many if not necessarily many some of you", "igiVsPC7keQ-00380-00085719-00085935": "probably have rooms like this", "igiVsPC7keQ-00381-00085936-00086135": "at your home or at least maybe you did", "igiVsPC7keQ-00382-00086136-00086279": "in the spring of the year", "igiVsPC7keQ-00383-00086280-00086447": "i know during the spring of the year", "igiVsPC7keQ-00384-00086448-00086671": "mine probably looked a lot more like", "igiVsPC7keQ-00385-00086672-00086926": "the one on the left hand side of the", "igiVsPC7keQ-00386-00086927-00086999": "screen", "igiVsPC7keQ-00387-00087000-00087287": "although i do have one of those fancy", "igiVsPC7keQ-00388-00087288-00087471": "selfie lights now to get a little bit", "igiVsPC7keQ-00389-00087472-00087631": "better lighting in here", "igiVsPC7keQ-00390-00087632-00087926": "um one of my pandemic purchases if you", "igiVsPC7keQ-00391-00087927-00088006": "which i think", "igiVsPC7keQ-00392-00088007-00088359": "we've all done in the past 13 months", "igiVsPC7keQ-00393-00088360-00088599": "but what's been happening in these past", "igiVsPC7keQ-00394-00088600-00088703": "13 months", "igiVsPC7keQ-00395-00088704-00089062": "isn't online learning um it's emergency", "igiVsPC7keQ-00396-00089063-00089326": "remote learning or emergency remote", "igiVsPC7keQ-00397-00089327-00089423": "teaching", "igiVsPC7keQ-00398-00089424-00089775": "and the phrase actually was coined by", "igiVsPC7keQ-00399-00089776-00089943": "these researchers here led by chuck", "igiVsPC7keQ-00400-00089944-00090175": "hodges but", "igiVsPC7keQ-00401-00090176-00090367": "if you do get the opportunity i'd", "igiVsPC7keQ-00402-00090368-00090567": "encourage you to go to", "igiVsPC7keQ-00403-00090568-00090799": "our state of the nation k-12 e-learning", "igiVsPC7keQ-00404-00090800-00090918": "and canada website", "igiVsPC7keQ-00405-00090919-00091062": "because one of the things that we did", "igiVsPC7keQ-00406-00091063-00091271": "was i worked with those", "igiVsPC7keQ-00407-00091272-00091559": "authors to essentially create a k-12", "igiVsPC7keQ-00408-00091560-00091638": "version", "igiVsPC7keQ-00409-00091639-00091815": "of their document which was originally", "igiVsPC7keQ-00410-00091816-00091967": "focused upon higher ed", "igiVsPC7keQ-00411-00091968-00092199": "so i think it's something that will be", "igiVsPC7keQ-00412-00092200-00092455": "quite useful to you and sort of tracing", "igiVsPC7keQ-00413-00092456-00092503": "out", "igiVsPC7keQ-00414-00092504-00092806": "how things look because", "igiVsPC7keQ-00415-00092807-00093071": "online learning as you can see from the", "igiVsPC7keQ-00416-00093072-00093199": "the slide here", "igiVsPC7keQ-00417-00093200-00093431": "is planned it's something that you know", "igiVsPC7keQ-00418-00093432-00093567": "we look at okay", "igiVsPC7keQ-00419-00093568-00093847": "what tools do we need how do we want to", "igiVsPC7keQ-00420-00093848-00093999": "create a program for these", "igiVsPC7keQ-00421-00094000-00094303": "particular students how do we create the", "igiVsPC7keQ-00422-00094304-00094535": "content how are we going to deliver it", "igiVsPC7keQ-00423-00094536-00094750": "what sort of modalities are we going to", "igiVsPC7keQ-00424-00094751-00094862": "use", "igiVsPC7keQ-00425-00094863-00094967": "are we going to use a learning", "igiVsPC7keQ-00426-00094968-00095118": "management system or a collection of", "igiVsPC7keQ-00427-00095119-00095199": "other tools", "igiVsPC7keQ-00428-00095200-00095359": "are we going to have some variety of", "igiVsPC7keQ-00429-00095360-00095559": "both which tools are we going to select", "igiVsPC7keQ-00430-00095560-00095726": "how do we train our teachers to use", "igiVsPC7keQ-00431-00095727-00095815": "those tools", "igiVsPC7keQ-00432-00095816-00096015": "not just use them but use them effective", "igiVsPC7keQ-00433-00096016-00096159": "you know so there's a there's a lot of", "igiVsPC7keQ-00434-00096160-00096326": "stuff that happens", "igiVsPC7keQ-00435-00096327-00096606": "as you're going through this um as most", "igiVsPC7keQ-00436-00096607-00096855": "of you probably experienced in mid-march", "igiVsPC7keQ-00437-00096856-00096974": "of last year", "igiVsPC7keQ-00438-00096975-00097111": "you know all of that planning and", "igiVsPC7keQ-00439-00097112-00097391": "preparation and process didn't happen", "igiVsPC7keQ-00440-00097392-00097718": "um you know we had this temporary shift", "igiVsPC7keQ-00441-00097719-00097918": "and unfortunately it's been a little bit", "igiVsPC7keQ-00442-00097919-00098047": "less temporary than", "igiVsPC7keQ-00443-00098048-00098318": "what most of us would have hoped but", "igiVsPC7keQ-00444-00098319-00098479": "it's still temporary in nature and the", "igiVsPC7keQ-00445-00098480-00098655": "reason i say it's temporary in nature is", "igiVsPC7keQ-00446-00098656-00098767": "because", "igiVsPC7keQ-00447-00098768-00099150": "basically the system is set up in such a", "igiVsPC7keQ-00448-00099151-00099231": "way that", "igiVsPC7keQ-00449-00099232-00099494": "we're only using these online tools in", "igiVsPC7keQ-00450-00099495-00099718": "these distant or remote", "igiVsPC7keQ-00451-00099719-00100023": "modalities until we can come back to the", "igiVsPC7keQ-00452-00100024-00100150": "regular classroom", "igiVsPC7keQ-00453-00100151-00100359": "and while some of the experiences that", "igiVsPC7keQ-00454-00100360-00100511": "we've had right now", "igiVsPC7keQ-00455-00100512-00100774": "may still continue into whatever the new", "igiVsPC7keQ-00456-00100775-00100959": "normal is going to look like", "igiVsPC7keQ-00457-00100960-00101287": "post pandemic really the idea right now", "igiVsPC7keQ-00458-00101288-00101543": "is you know let's just use these things", "igiVsPC7keQ-00459-00101544-00101638": "as a stop", "igiVsPC7keQ-00460-00101639-00102023": "gap measure to provide the best kind of", "igiVsPC7keQ-00461-00102024-00102262": "model that we can given the crisis", "igiVsPC7keQ-00462-00102263-00102430": "circumstances or the emergency", "igiVsPC7keQ-00463-00102431-00102542": "circumstances", "igiVsPC7keQ-00464-00102543-00102782": "until we can get back to what it is that", "igiVsPC7keQ-00465-00102783-00102958": "we were trained to do what it is that", "igiVsPC7keQ-00466-00102959-00103127": "we've done for a long time", "igiVsPC7keQ-00467-00103128-00103502": "what it is our system is set up to do um", "igiVsPC7keQ-00468-00103503-00103694": "if you sort of look at kind of what", "igiVsPC7keQ-00469-00103695-00103806": "happened", "igiVsPC7keQ-00470-00103807-00103999": "this is the phases that that we're", "igiVsPC7keQ-00471-00104000-00104134": "talking about here", "igiVsPC7keQ-00472-00104135-00104406": "and what happened in the spring and into", "igiVsPC7keQ-00473-00104407-00104599": "the summer was really that phase one", "igiVsPC7keQ-00474-00104600-00104710": "phase two", "igiVsPC7keQ-00475-00104711-00104934": "most of this school year has been spent", "igiVsPC7keQ-00476-00104935-00105151": "in phase three where we've sort of been", "igiVsPC7keQ-00477-00105152-00105358": "bouncing back and forth between", "igiVsPC7keQ-00478-00105359-00105583": "face-to-face hybrid online depending", "igiVsPC7keQ-00479-00105583-00105647": "upon", "igiVsPC7keQ-00480-00105648-00105815": "where you are and what's been happening", "igiVsPC7keQ-00481-00105816-00105990": "with the pandemic", "igiVsPC7keQ-00482-00105991-00106231": "in your jurisdiction and at some point", "igiVsPC7keQ-00483-00106232-00106423": "in the future", "igiVsPC7keQ-00484-00106424-00106734": "we are going to emerge into a new normal", "igiVsPC7keQ-00485-00106735-00106951": "and while the new normal may look a lot", "igiVsPC7keQ-00486-00106952-00107215": "like you know the pre-2020", "igiVsPC7keQ-00487-00107216-00107447": "learning it's probably going to change a", "igiVsPC7keQ-00488-00107448-00107654": "little bit because of the experiences", "igiVsPC7keQ-00489-00107655-00107758": "that we've had", "igiVsPC7keQ-00490-00107759-00107999": "the tools that we've been using the", "igiVsPC7keQ-00491-00108000-00108207": "flexibility that some of the system has", "igiVsPC7keQ-00492-00108208-00108543": "offered to us so", "igiVsPC7keQ-00493-00108544-00108719": "if you think about what's been happening", "igiVsPC7keQ-00494-00108720-00108934": "now in the", "igiVsPC7keQ-00495-00108935-00109295": "20 20 21 school year what you've seen", "igiVsPC7keQ-00496-00109296-00109599": "is a variety of models here and it's", "igiVsPC7keQ-00497-00109600-00109686": "really had an", "igiVsPC7keQ-00498-00109688-00109943": "impact upon how we've been doing our", "igiVsPC7keQ-00499-00109944-00110031": "work so", "igiVsPC7keQ-00500-00110032-00110263": "you know there's a collection of news", "igiVsPC7keQ-00501-00110264-00110463": "items here on the screen to give you", "igiVsPC7keQ-00502-00110464-00110647": "you know some of the models but also", "igiVsPC7keQ-00503-00110648-00110790": "some of the issues that have been", "igiVsPC7keQ-00504-00110791-00110878": "happening", "igiVsPC7keQ-00505-00110879-00111023": "you know so we've had some of these", "igiVsPC7keQ-00506-00111024-00111199": "hybrid models we've had", "igiVsPC7keQ-00507-00111200-00111495": "um situations like the canadian article", "igiVsPC7keQ-00508-00111496-00111678": "over on the far left hand side", "igiVsPC7keQ-00509-00111679-00111815": "where you've got you know you're", "igiVsPC7keQ-00510-00111816-00112047": "teaching both roomies and zoomies at the", "igiVsPC7keQ-00511-00112048-00112127": "same time", "igiVsPC7keQ-00512-00112128-00112286": "you know those that are in the room with", "igiVsPC7keQ-00513-00112288-00112486": "you but also so many more that are on", "igiVsPC7keQ-00514-00112488-00112575": "zoom and you're", "igiVsPC7keQ-00515-00112576-00112847": "broadcasting your your your instruction", "igiVsPC7keQ-00516-00112848-00113039": "trying to manage both groups", "igiVsPC7keQ-00517-00113040-00113254": "um at the same time you've got others", "igiVsPC7keQ-00518-00113255-00113358": "that are devoted", "igiVsPC7keQ-00519-00113359-00113671": "100 percent to teaching online and your", "igiVsPC7keQ-00520-00113672-00113847": "cos some of your colleagues are", "igiVsPC7keQ-00521-00113848-00114102": "100 percent face to face and you've sort", "igiVsPC7keQ-00522-00114103-00114319": "of done a division of labor like that", "igiVsPC7keQ-00523-00114320-00114447": "but one of the things that's been", "igiVsPC7keQ-00524-00114448-00114654": "happening with this is you know first of", "igiVsPC7keQ-00525-00114655-00114831": "all there's been a real tension", "igiVsPC7keQ-00526-00114832-00115063": "um that's been happening just in terms", "igiVsPC7keQ-00527-00115064-00115143": "of", "igiVsPC7keQ-00528-00115144-00115383": "what model gets picked and how that", "igiVsPC7keQ-00529-00115383-00115486": "impacts", "igiVsPC7keQ-00530-00115488-00115719": "uh the individuals that are supposed to", "igiVsPC7keQ-00531-00115720-00115895": "deliver that model you guys", "igiVsPC7keQ-00532-00115896-00116054": "um you know let's face it i mean even", "igiVsPC7keQ-00533-00116055-00116302": "now with the vaccine that's been", "igiVsPC7keQ-00534-00116303-00116590": "developed as it stands right now maybe", "igiVsPC7keQ-00535-00116591-00116790": "your grade 11's and grade 12s will get", "igiVsPC7keQ-00536-00116791-00116951": "it sometime this year", "igiVsPC7keQ-00537-00116952-00117143": "but if you're teaching anything less", "igiVsPC7keQ-00538-00117144-00117278": "than grade", "igiVsPC7keQ-00539-00117279-00117447": "you know 10 or less you know you're", "igiVsPC7keQ-00540-00117448-00117599": "teaching a group of kids that aren't", "igiVsPC7keQ-00541-00117600-00117863": "eligible for the vaccine yet and while", "igiVsPC7keQ-00542-00117864-00117983": "there's a you know", "igiVsPC7keQ-00543-00117983-00118199": "an application that will likely be sent", "igiVsPC7keQ-00544-00118200-00118302": "to the fda", "igiVsPC7keQ-00545-00118303-00118615": "soon um that only goes down to 12 years", "igiVsPC7keQ-00546-00118616-00118686": "of age", "igiVsPC7keQ-00547-00118688-00118919": "and there's clinical trials now for five", "igiVsPC7keQ-00548-00118920-00119119": "and up to be able to do all school age", "igiVsPC7keQ-00549-00119120-00119295": "you know but so there's still a lot of", "igiVsPC7keQ-00550-00119296-00119471": "uncertainty and a lot of knowledge that", "igiVsPC7keQ-00551-00119472-00119599": "we don't have and", "igiVsPC7keQ-00552-00119600-00119902": "unfortunately so many of those of us", "igiVsPC7keQ-00553-00119903-00120134": "in the teaching profession you know we", "igiVsPC7keQ-00554-00120135-00120278": "tend to be folks that", "igiVsPC7keQ-00555-00120279-00120599": "by age or by you know particularly in", "igiVsPC7keQ-00556-00120600-00120775": "the last year i say the set of entry", "igiVsPC7keQ-00557-00120776-00120886": "lifestyle that", "igiVsPC7keQ-00558-00120888-00121023": "you know we have sitting in front of a", "igiVsPC7keQ-00559-00121024-00121223": "computer a lot of the time um you know", "igiVsPC7keQ-00560-00121224-00121390": "many of us fall into those higher risk", "igiVsPC7keQ-00561-00121391-00121519": "categories and there's been", "igiVsPC7keQ-00562-00121520-00121743": "a a real strain that's been put on the", "igiVsPC7keQ-00563-00121744-00121902": "teaching profession", "igiVsPC7keQ-00564-00121903-00122095": "at the same time there's been strain", "igiVsPC7keQ-00565-00122096-00122319": "that has been put on our students", "igiVsPC7keQ-00566-00122320-00122599": "you know we we've had students that and", "igiVsPC7keQ-00567-00122600-00122831": "we've all seen these these news items", "igiVsPC7keQ-00568-00122832-00122958": "that have been posted", "igiVsPC7keQ-00569-00122959-00123127": "you know some of these you can see i've", "igiVsPC7keQ-00570-00123128-00123383": "pulled off of my facebook page or my", "igiVsPC7keQ-00571-00123383-00123510": "twitter stream", "igiVsPC7keQ-00572-00123511-00123775": "you know but uh kids that are you know", "igiVsPC7keQ-00573-00123776-00123854": "having to", "igiVsPC7keQ-00574-00123855-00124095": "you know not being able to connect at", "igiVsPC7keQ-00575-00124096-00124158": "home not", "igiVsPC7keQ-00576-00124159-00124407": "having the proper devices at home you", "igiVsPC7keQ-00577-00124408-00124590": "can see the cnn article in the middle of", "igiVsPC7keQ-00578-00124591-00124671": "the screen", "igiVsPC7keQ-00579-00124672-00124958": "where we've got kids that we had in our", "igiVsPC7keQ-00580-00124959-00125127": "school system last year that we've just", "igiVsPC7keQ-00581-00125128-00125223": "lost because", "igiVsPC7keQ-00582-00125224-00125383": "you know we don't know how to get a hold", "igiVsPC7keQ-00583-00125383-00125534": "of them they haven't connected in the", "igiVsPC7keQ-00584-00125535-00125710": "online version of the school", "igiVsPC7keQ-00585-00125711-00126023": "we started doing in the fall and and we", "igiVsPC7keQ-00586-00126024-00126207": "just don't know where they are", "igiVsPC7keQ-00587-00126208-00126527": "we've got others because you know we're", "igiVsPC7keQ-00588-00126528-00126743": "while teachers are doing their best this", "igiVsPC7keQ-00589-00126744-00126878": "is not something that", "igiVsPC7keQ-00590-00126879-00127039": "we've been trained to teach at a", "igiVsPC7keQ-00591-00127040-00127214": "distance like this um", "igiVsPC7keQ-00592-00127215-00127414": "even you know i'm an instructional", "igiVsPC7keQ-00593-00127415-00127639": "technology professor and", "igiVsPC7keQ-00594-00127640-00127854": "i can guarantee you that this would be a", "igiVsPC7keQ-00595-00127855-00128047": "much more dynamic process", "igiVsPC7keQ-00596-00128048-00128278": "if we could all sit in a room somewhere", "igiVsPC7keQ-00597-00128279-00128471": "and and have a conversation about this", "igiVsPC7keQ-00598-00128472-00128551": "and you could", "igiVsPC7keQ-00599-00128552-00128790": "see me be animated animated about these", "igiVsPC7keQ-00600-00128791-00129007": "things and i could see your reactions", "igiVsPC7keQ-00601-00129008-00129166": "to what i'm saying and determine should", "igiVsPC7keQ-00602-00129167-00129319": "i spend more or less time", "igiVsPC7keQ-00603-00129320-00129583": "you know these are all things that you", "igiVsPC7keQ-00604-00129583-00129727": "impact your teaching and", "igiVsPC7keQ-00605-00129728-00129919": "and they impact the learning that you're", "igiVsPC7keQ-00606-00129920-00130127": "having particularly the social emotional", "igiVsPC7keQ-00607-00130128-00130319": "learning that your students are having", "igiVsPC7keQ-00608-00130320-00130543": "um you know if you've and i put it sort", "igiVsPC7keQ-00609-00130544-00130710": "of right front center so it would catch", "igiVsPC7keQ-00610-00130711-00130799": "your attention", "igiVsPC7keQ-00611-00130800-00131087": "but that quote there that mary rice uh", "igiVsPC7keQ-00612-00131088-00131199": "had mentioned", "igiVsPC7keQ-00613-00131200-00131407": "um you know happened in in the class of", "igiVsPC7keQ-00614-00131408-00131519": "one of her daughter", "igiVsPC7keQ-00615-00131520-00131743": "one of her daughter's classes one of the", "igiVsPC7keQ-00616-00131744-00131878": "classmates and", "igiVsPC7keQ-00617-00131879-00132047": "you know i mean when you read stuff like", "igiVsPC7keQ-00618-00132048-00132311": "that it it it's kind of heartbreaking", "igiVsPC7keQ-00619-00132312-00132599": "and you start to wonder you know well", "igiVsPC7keQ-00620-00132600-00132831": "how do we do this better how how can we", "igiVsPC7keQ-00621-00132832-00133054": "you know address some of these issues", "igiVsPC7keQ-00622-00133055-00133151": "and", "igiVsPC7keQ-00623-00133152-00133319": "it's important that we actually ask", "igiVsPC7keQ-00624-00133320-00133590": "those questions because it's not like", "igiVsPC7keQ-00625-00133591-00133814": "we're at the end of this yet i mean yes", "igiVsPC7keQ-00626-00133815-00133966": "we can see the light at the end of the", "igiVsPC7keQ-00627-00133967-00134047": "tunnel", "igiVsPC7keQ-00628-00134048-00134223": "my own governor is getting rid of his", "igiVsPC7keQ-00629-00134224-00134511": "pandemic uh tier system on the 15th of", "igiVsPC7keQ-00630-00134512-00134654": "june so that", "igiVsPC7keQ-00631-00134655-00134839": "you know everything can go back to", "igiVsPC7keQ-00632-00134840-00135054": "normal at least from a planning", "igiVsPC7keQ-00633-00135055-00135183": "perspective but", "igiVsPC7keQ-00634-00135184-00135343": "one of the things that we know about", "igiVsPC7keQ-00635-00135344-00135502": "pandemics is they", "igiVsPC7keQ-00636-00135503-00135766": "happen fairly frequently i mean if you", "igiVsPC7keQ-00637-00135767-00135951": "look at the history of pandemics as you", "igiVsPC7keQ-00638-00135952-00135999": "can see from", "igiVsPC7keQ-00639-00136000-00136254": "this chart we usually have a couple", "igiVsPC7keQ-00640-00136255-00136302": "three", "igiVsPC7keQ-00641-00136303-00136590": "sometimes four every century and it's", "igiVsPC7keQ-00642-00136591-00136799": "also important to note that", "igiVsPC7keQ-00643-00136800-00137111": "while we tend to have between say two to", "igiVsPC7keQ-00644-00137112-00137175": "five", "igiVsPC7keQ-00645-00137176-00137390": "roughly every century on average that", "igiVsPC7keQ-00646-00137391-00137543": "are considered global", "igiVsPC7keQ-00647-00137544-00137759": "in nature and large enough that they", "igiVsPC7keQ-00648-00137760-00137854": "sort of you know", "igiVsPC7keQ-00649-00137855-00138207": "show up on this uh chart we've had", "igiVsPC7keQ-00650-00138208-00138535": "five thus far in this century you know", "igiVsPC7keQ-00651-00138536-00138614": "so you see", "igiVsPC7keQ-00652-00138615-00138783": "five little things down there at the", "igiVsPC7keQ-00653-00138784-00138975": "bottom you know and while none of them", "igiVsPC7keQ-00654-00138976-00139127": "have had the impact that", "igiVsPC7keQ-00655-00139128-00139390": "covid19 have had there have been five in", "igiVsPC7keQ-00656-00139391-00139543": "the last 21 years", "igiVsPC7keQ-00657-00139544-00139687": "how many more are we going to have the", "igiVsPC7keQ-00658-00139688-00139943": "next 79 years of this century", "igiVsPC7keQ-00659-00139944-00140214": "what is the next time that our entire", "igiVsPC7keQ-00660-00140215-00140343": "school system", "igiVsPC7keQ-00661-00140344-00140559": "is going to have to close down either in", "igiVsPC7keQ-00662-00140560-00140647": "our district", "igiVsPC7keQ-00663-00140648-00140975": "or in our state or across the nation or", "igiVsPC7keQ-00664-00140976-00141151": "around the world like we've seen this", "igiVsPC7keQ-00665-00141152-00141327": "time so this is something that we've got", "igiVsPC7keQ-00666-00141328-00141495": "to really start to sit down and figure", "igiVsPC7keQ-00667-00141496-00141535": "out", "igiVsPC7keQ-00668-00141536-00141751": "you know even forgetting the next", "igiVsPC7keQ-00669-00141752-00141839": "pandemic", "igiVsPC7keQ-00670-00141840-00142047": "you know what about the the next wave", "igiVsPC7keQ-00671-00142048-00142223": "here i mean you know the vaccines", "igiVsPC7keQ-00672-00142224-00142287": "provide", "igiVsPC7keQ-00673-00142288-00142614": "present a great promise but", "igiVsPC7keQ-00674-00142615-00142839": "they present a promise there's a lot", "igiVsPC7keQ-00675-00142840-00143014": "that we don't know about these things", "igiVsPC7keQ-00676-00143015-00143047": "yet", "igiVsPC7keQ-00677-00143048-00143166": "those people that were part of the", "igiVsPC7keQ-00678-00143167-00143351": "clinical trials they've only been", "igiVsPC7keQ-00679-00143352-00143543": "vaccinated for six to eight months right", "igiVsPC7keQ-00680-00143544-00143623": "now and while", "igiVsPC7keQ-00681-00143624-00143878": "their numbers are still holding in terms", "igiVsPC7keQ-00682-00143879-00143959": "of their", "igiVsPC7keQ-00683-00143960-00144207": "um you know their their prevention or", "igiVsPC7keQ-00684-00144208-00144326": "their protection", "igiVsPC7keQ-00685-00144327-00144526": "from the virus we don't know what it's", "igiVsPC7keQ-00686-00144527-00144687": "going to be like a year from now", "igiVsPC7keQ-00687-00144688-00144871": "two years from now is this something", "igiVsPC7keQ-00688-00144872-00145126": "that you know a lot of vaccines require", "igiVsPC7keQ-00689-00145127-00145151": "an", "igiVsPC7keQ-00690-00145152-00145383": "annual booster or every five or ten", "igiVsPC7keQ-00691-00145384-00145454": "years", "igiVsPC7keQ-00692-00145455-00145678": "a booster or something like that and", "igiVsPC7keQ-00693-00145679-00145919": "while we can get 70 or 80 percent that", "igiVsPC7keQ-00694-00145920-00146078": "are willing to do it now because we've", "igiVsPC7keQ-00695-00146079-00146175": "spent a year", "igiVsPC7keQ-00696-00146176-00146526": "of our lives you know plus in turmoil", "igiVsPC7keQ-00697-00146527-00146687": "what's that percentage going to be look", "igiVsPC7keQ-00698-00146688-00146878": "like if two years from now everyone's", "igiVsPC7keQ-00699-00146879-00146999": "got to get a booster", "igiVsPC7keQ-00700-00147000-00147295": "you know is it still going to be 70 80", "igiVsPC7keQ-00701-00147296-00147414": "or is that going to drop", "igiVsPC7keQ-00702-00147415-00147766": "significantly to the 30", "igiVsPC7keQ-00703-00147767-00147975": "or less that we see taking an annual flu", "igiVsPC7keQ-00704-00147976-00148071": "shot as an", "igiVsPC7keQ-00705-00148072-00148278": "example and what impact is that going to", "igiVsPC7keQ-00706-00148279-00148375": "have up on", "igiVsPC7keQ-00707-00148376-00148607": "the school system and how we go about", "igiVsPC7keQ-00708-00148608-00148702": "delivering", "igiVsPC7keQ-00709-00148703-00148902": "education because one of the things that", "igiVsPC7keQ-00710-00148903-00149054": "we do know about", "igiVsPC7keQ-00711-00149055-00149263": "these type of pandemics is they come in", "igiVsPC7keQ-00712-00149264-00149543": "waves and while most places have", "igiVsPC7keQ-00713-00149544-00149614": "experienced", "igiVsPC7keQ-00714-00149615-00149863": "two or three waves at this point i know", "igiVsPC7keQ-00715-00149864-00150047": "most of my home country canada right now", "igiVsPC7keQ-00716-00150048-00150087": "is", "igiVsPC7keQ-00717-00150088-00150407": "actually struck with its third wave um", "igiVsPC7keQ-00718-00150408-00150678": "it's not necessary that it's going to be", "igiVsPC7keQ-00719-00150679-00150726": "just", "igiVsPC7keQ-00720-00150727-00151047": "three you know the spanish flu had", "igiVsPC7keQ-00721-00151048-00151351": "three major waves but", "igiVsPC7keQ-00722-00151352-00151526": "it that wasn't the only waves that it", "igiVsPC7keQ-00723-00151527-00151719": "had and that's a little precursor to", "igiVsPC7keQ-00724-00151720-00151790": "where i'm gonna", "igiVsPC7keQ-00725-00151791-00152087": "sort of finish up um so when we look at", "igiVsPC7keQ-00726-00152088-00152183": "these things", "igiVsPC7keQ-00727-00152184-00152487": "we need to be ready at a moment's notice", "igiVsPC7keQ-00728-00152488-00152687": "to have the planning in place", "igiVsPC7keQ-00729-00152688-00152926": "to have the preparation for our teaching", "igiVsPC7keQ-00730-00152927-00152999": "staff", "igiVsPC7keQ-00731-00153000-00153199": "so that we could implement this four", "igiVsPC7keQ-00732-00153200-00153351": "phase model again", "igiVsPC7keQ-00733-00153352-00153566": "next year or three years from now or", "igiVsPC7keQ-00734-00153567-00153702": "eight years from now", "igiVsPC7keQ-00735-00153703-00154007": "or hopefully 30 40 years from now when", "igiVsPC7keQ-00736-00154008-00154231": "you know we're all retired and and not", "igiVsPC7keQ-00737-00154232-00154366": "having to worry about", "igiVsPC7keQ-00738-00154367-00154614": "um what's happening in the k-12 system", "igiVsPC7keQ-00739-00154615-00154839": "but we're gonna have to do this again", "igiVsPC7keQ-00740-00154840-00155126": "so we need to be ready to do it so how", "igiVsPC7keQ-00741-00155127-00155351": "do we go about it well", "igiVsPC7keQ-00742-00155352-00155631": "when you look at best practices these", "igiVsPC7keQ-00743-00155632-00155854": "are sort of the stages that you would go", "igiVsPC7keQ-00744-00155855-00155919": "through", "igiVsPC7keQ-00745-00155920-00156143": "to develop a best practice so there's a", "igiVsPC7keQ-00746-00156144-00156239": "process that", "igiVsPC7keQ-00747-00156240-00156566": "that happens to ensure that we know", "igiVsPC7keQ-00748-00156567-00156831": "yes if you do this it will be effective", "igiVsPC7keQ-00749-00156832-00156999": "in the classroom", "igiVsPC7keQ-00750-00157000-00157302": "the problem is is that for the most part", "igiVsPC7keQ-00751-00157303-00157431": "when you look at the literature that", "igiVsPC7keQ-00752-00157432-00157590": "we've got around", "igiVsPC7keQ-00753-00157591-00157807": "k-12 distance and online learning even", "igiVsPC7keQ-00754-00157808-00158007": "though we've got a long history of it", "igiVsPC7keQ-00755-00158008-00158175": "there's still a lot of stuff we don't", "igiVsPC7keQ-00756-00158176-00158319": "know about in fact", "igiVsPC7keQ-00757-00158320-00158566": "most of what happens particularly with", "igiVsPC7keQ-00758-00158567-00158647": "the latest", "igiVsPC7keQ-00759-00158648-00158878": "tools that we have available in terms of", "igiVsPC7keQ-00760-00158879-00158975": "online tools", "igiVsPC7keQ-00761-00158976-00159326": "we really don't have a good sense as to", "igiVsPC7keQ-00762-00159327-00159559": "um how we can use those things", "igiVsPC7keQ-00763-00159560-00159687": "effectively", "igiVsPC7keQ-00764-00159688-00159999": "so one of the problems is you have", "igiVsPC7keQ-00765-00160000-00160326": "a lot of studies that you see like this", "igiVsPC7keQ-00766-00160327-00160423": "one of mine", "igiVsPC7keQ-00767-00160424-00160623": "you know so it's called principles of", "igiVsPC7keQ-00768-00160624-00160790": "effective web-based content", "igiVsPC7keQ-00769-00160791-00160983": "for secondary students so that's", "igiVsPC7keQ-00770-00160984-00161183": "basically a fancy way of saying", "igiVsPC7keQ-00771-00161184-00161343": "principles of how you design", "igiVsPC7keQ-00772-00161344-00161663": "online content for high schoolers and it", "igiVsPC7keQ-00773-00161664-00161887": "sounds really", "igiVsPC7keQ-00774-00161888-00162031": "authoritarian you know these are", "igiVsPC7keQ-00775-00162032-00162263": "principles which means they must be good", "igiVsPC7keQ-00776-00162264-00162414": "they must be things that you should look", "igiVsPC7keQ-00777-00162415-00162495": "at", "igiVsPC7keQ-00778-00162496-00162790": "but when you actually look at the study", "igiVsPC7keQ-00779-00162791-00162911": "itself", "igiVsPC7keQ-00780-00162912-00163135": "one of the things that you actually find", "igiVsPC7keQ-00781-00163136-00163326": "out is that", "igiVsPC7keQ-00782-00163327-00163535": "so there's seven principles that i've", "igiVsPC7keQ-00783-00163536-00163678": "come up with", "igiVsPC7keQ-00784-00163679-00163926": "but these principles were based upon", "igiVsPC7keQ-00785-00163927-00164071": "interviews", "igiVsPC7keQ-00786-00164072-00164302": "with six course designers who had", "igiVsPC7keQ-00787-00164303-00164502": "designed at least one course", "igiVsPC7keQ-00788-00164503-00164847": "for a supplemental virtual school in one", "igiVsPC7keQ-00789-00164848-00165238": "province", "igiVsPC7keQ-00790-00165239-00165535": "at no point did i actually go and look", "igiVsPC7keQ-00791-00165536-00165678": "at their courses to see", "igiVsPC7keQ-00792-00165679-00166014": "if they were actually doing the things", "igiVsPC7keQ-00793-00166015-00166126": "that they said were", "igiVsPC7keQ-00794-00166127-00166487": "in their mind best practices at no point", "igiVsPC7keQ-00795-00166488-00166711": "that i look at any data to determine", "igiVsPC7keQ-00796-00166712-00166831": "whether or not", "igiVsPC7keQ-00797-00166832-00167031": "the students that were in courses that", "igiVsPC7keQ-00798-00167032-00167311": "had these best practices", "igiVsPC7keQ-00799-00167312-00167502": "did better than students that didn't", "igiVsPC7keQ-00800-00167503-00167671": "have you know that were in courses where", "igiVsPC7keQ-00801-00167672-00167807": "these best practices weren't", "igiVsPC7keQ-00802-00167808-00168166": "done um for that matter i never even you", "igiVsPC7keQ-00803-00168167-00168271": "know looked to see", "igiVsPC7keQ-00804-00168272-00168583": "if the administration of the virtual", "igiVsPC7keQ-00805-00168584-00168638": "school", "igiVsPC7keQ-00806-00168639-00168871": "or the colleagues of these individuals", "igiVsPC7keQ-00807-00168872-00169047": "thought that they were good designers in", "igiVsPC7keQ-00808-00169048-00169223": "the first place", "igiVsPC7keQ-00809-00169224-00169423": "you know like so many other educational", "igiVsPC7keQ-00810-00169424-00169526": "researchers i", "igiVsPC7keQ-00811-00169527-00169751": "basically said okay i'm going to do a", "igiVsPC7keQ-00812-00169752-00169975": "study with this particular school", "igiVsPC7keQ-00813-00169976-00170319": "this in this case a virtual school and", "igiVsPC7keQ-00814-00170320-00170623": "that we are going to send out a request", "igiVsPC7keQ-00815-00170624-00170799": "to all the people that qualify", "igiVsPC7keQ-00816-00170800-00170959": "and those that volunteer and i think", "igiVsPC7keQ-00817-00170960-00171207": "there was like 19 that qualified", "igiVsPC7keQ-00818-00171208-00171407": "and so six which is not bad i mean it", "igiVsPC7keQ-00819-00171408-00171583": "was roughly a third of the people", "igiVsPC7keQ-00820-00171584-00171759": "um six of them volunteered to be", "igiVsPC7keQ-00821-00171760-00171951": "interviewed but", "igiVsPC7keQ-00822-00171952-00172063": "you know and it's not that the", "igiVsPC7keQ-00823-00172064-00172295": "principles are necessarily bad i", "igiVsPC7keQ-00824-00172296-00172487": "i may be a bit biased when i say this", "igiVsPC7keQ-00825-00172488-00172614": "but i happen to think they're kind of", "igiVsPC7keQ-00826-00172615-00172702": "good", "igiVsPC7keQ-00827-00172703-00172902": "i think that they're a good starting", "igiVsPC7keQ-00828-00172903-00173175": "point but the reality is is that", "igiVsPC7keQ-00829-00173176-00173438": "you know they aren't best practices they", "igiVsPC7keQ-00830-00173439-00173478": "aren't", "igiVsPC7keQ-00831-00173479-00173766": "principles if you will um they are", "igiVsPC7keQ-00832-00173767-00173863": "basically", "igiVsPC7keQ-00833-00173864-00174190": "the opinions the unvalidated opinions if", "igiVsPC7keQ-00834-00174191-00174263": "you will", "igiVsPC7keQ-00835-00174264-00174590": "of these six individuals um and when you", "igiVsPC7keQ-00836-00174591-00174654": "look at", "igiVsPC7keQ-00837-00174655-00174854": "some of you know the research that's out", "igiVsPC7keQ-00838-00174855-00175111": "there that tends to be the type of thing", "igiVsPC7keQ-00839-00175112-00175214": "that you'll see", "igiVsPC7keQ-00840-00175215-00175414": "you'll see a lot of folks that talk", "igiVsPC7keQ-00841-00175415-00175575": "about i mean you don't have to worry", "igiVsPC7keQ-00842-00175576-00175783": "about reading all of the text here", "igiVsPC7keQ-00843-00175784-00176087": "the slides will be available if not in", "igiVsPC7keQ-00844-00176088-00176247": "the", "igiVsPC7keQ-00845-00176248-00176447": "system that we've been using i'll have", "igiVsPC7keQ-00846-00176448-00176599": "them available on my website", "igiVsPC7keQ-00847-00176600-00176871": "and i can link that into the system as", "igiVsPC7keQ-00848-00176872-00176999": "well", "igiVsPC7keQ-00849-00177000-00177359": "so um but in most cases they tend to be", "igiVsPC7keQ-00850-00177360-00177575": "basically case studies or descriptive", "igiVsPC7keQ-00851-00177576-00177671": "research", "igiVsPC7keQ-00852-00177672-00177951": "uh so they're small scale type things", "igiVsPC7keQ-00853-00177952-00178023": "but", "igiVsPC7keQ-00854-00178024-00178271": "because they they tend to have small", "igiVsPC7keQ-00855-00178272-00178431": "samples because of that", "igiVsPC7keQ-00856-00178432-00178751": "but because academics are is set up in", "igiVsPC7keQ-00857-00178752-00179031": "the way it is and we need to publish", "igiVsPC7keQ-00858-00179032-00179247": "in order to essentially be promoted and", "igiVsPC7keQ-00859-00179248-00179414": "have success in our careers", "igiVsPC7keQ-00860-00179415-00179766": "we tend to overreach with the language", "igiVsPC7keQ-00861-00179767-00180031": "that we use for many of these things", "igiVsPC7keQ-00862-00180032-00180438": "um and in addition to sort of that i", "igiVsPC7keQ-00863-00180439-00180575": "mean what you've got when you look at", "igiVsPC7keQ-00864-00180576-00180695": "the research and when you do", "igiVsPC7keQ-00865-00180696-00181007": "find um the you know what you think", "igiVsPC7keQ-00866-00181008-00181126": "you're looking for", "igiVsPC7keQ-00867-00181127-00181319": "even if you look at it and you see that", "igiVsPC7keQ-00868-00181320-00181478": "you know it looks like it's a large", "igiVsPC7keQ-00869-00181479-00181599": "sample size and", "igiVsPC7keQ-00870-00181600-00181766": "over multiple years and multiple", "igiVsPC7keQ-00871-00181767-00181943": "contexts and those kind of things", "igiVsPC7keQ-00872-00181944-00182095": "you know one of the things that you want", "igiVsPC7keQ-00873-00182096-00182295": "to kind of keep in mind is", "igiVsPC7keQ-00874-00182296-00182583": "our field tends to be fairly small you", "igiVsPC7keQ-00875-00182584-00182695": "know so there was a", "igiVsPC7keQ-00876-00182696-00182887": "a study that a group of doctoral", "igiVsPC7keQ-00877-00182888-00183126": "students that i was working with did", "igiVsPC7keQ-00878-00183127-00183431": "uh that looked at there were 300", "igiVsPC7keQ-00879-00183432-00183702": "i think was 56 articles that we were", "igiVsPC7keQ-00880-00183703-00183983": "able to identify from 1994", "igiVsPC7keQ-00881-00183984-00184323": "uh to i believe we cut it off in 19 in", "igiVsPC7keQ-00882-00184324-00184487": "2017", "igiVsPC7keQ-00883-00184488-00184871": "um and from that group of people we", "igiVsPC7keQ-00884-00184872-00185035": "found that there were", "igiVsPC7keQ-00885-00185036-00185366": "384 distinct authors so", "igiVsPC7keQ-00886-00185367-00185663": "basically 384 people that had their name", "igiVsPC7keQ-00887-00185664-00185838": "public you know listed as an author on", "igiVsPC7keQ-00888-00185839-00185887": "one", "igiVsPC7keQ-00889-00185888-00186159": "or more of the articles but the thing is", "igiVsPC7keQ-00890-00186160-00186319": "if you look at it", "igiVsPC7keQ-00891-00186320-00186543": "most of those people and you can see the", "igiVsPC7keQ-00892-00186544-00186687": "top 11 folks there", "igiVsPC7keQ-00893-00186688-00186935": "if you start to count up uh the number", "igiVsPC7keQ-00894-00186936-00187071": "of articles there", "igiVsPC7keQ-00895-00187072-00187223": "assuming that some of them probably", "igiVsPC7keQ-00896-00187224-00187414": "co-authored things with each other", "igiVsPC7keQ-00897-00187415-00187743": "what you find is that almost", "igiVsPC7keQ-00898-00187744-00188102": "um almost 80 of the articles", "igiVsPC7keQ-00899-00188103-00188535": "were i think it was like 70 some 78 77", "igiVsPC7keQ-00900-00188536-00188990": "were authored by one of those 11 people", "igiVsPC7keQ-00901-00188991-00189247": "the other thing that you'll note is that", "igiVsPC7keQ-00902-00189248-00189363": "of the", "igiVsPC7keQ-00903-00189364-00189766": "384 distinct people 276 of them", "igiVsPC7keQ-00904-00189767-00190063": "published a single article", "igiVsPC7keQ-00905-00190064-00190375": "there were 150 journals that had", "igiVsPC7keQ-00906-00190376-00190438": "published", "igiVsPC7keQ-00907-00190439-00190847": "articles and 102 of them", "igiVsPC7keQ-00908-00190848-00191119": "had published one article and that's it", "igiVsPC7keQ-00909-00191120-00191190": "so", "igiVsPC7keQ-00910-00191191-00191375": "if you look at it 75 percent of the", "igiVsPC7keQ-00911-00191376-00191671": "people made one contribution to a field", "igiVsPC7keQ-00912-00191672-00191887": "that they knew nothing about before they", "igiVsPC7keQ-00913-00191888-00192063": "published and then have done nothing", "igiVsPC7keQ-00914-00192064-00192247": "with since", "igiVsPC7keQ-00915-00192248-00192471": "and the people that reviewed the", "igiVsPC7keQ-00916-00192472-00192654": "articles to get them published", "igiVsPC7keQ-00917-00192655-00192863": "two-thirds of them were published in a", "igiVsPC7keQ-00918-00192864-00192959": "place where", "igiVsPC7keQ-00919-00192960-00193111": "they had no experience with this", "igiVsPC7keQ-00920-00193112-00193383": "whatsoever before they publish that one", "igiVsPC7keQ-00921-00193384-00193447": "article", "igiVsPC7keQ-00922-00193448-00193614": "and they've had no experience with it", "igiVsPC7keQ-00923-00193615-00193750": "since um", "igiVsPC7keQ-00924-00193751-00193950": "so as you're looking and this is sort of", "igiVsPC7keQ-00925-00193951-00194102": "a detailed", "igiVsPC7keQ-00926-00194103-00194375": "but data-driven way to basically tell", "igiVsPC7keQ-00927-00194376-00194447": "you that", "igiVsPC7keQ-00928-00194448-00194654": "as you're looking at articles that are", "igiVsPC7keQ-00929-00194655-00194847": "out there one of the most important", "igiVsPC7keQ-00930-00194848-00194943": "things is", "igiVsPC7keQ-00931-00194944-00195214": "that just because you found a published", "igiVsPC7keQ-00932-00195215-00195423": "piece of research in our field that says", "igiVsPC7keQ-00933-00195424-00195511": "something", "igiVsPC7keQ-00934-00195512-00195831": "that advises you to do something while", "igiVsPC7keQ-00935-00195832-00196071": "it could be a good starting point for", "igiVsPC7keQ-00936-00196072-00196383": "things to try it's not something that i", "igiVsPC7keQ-00937-00196384-00196511": "would recommend", "igiVsPC7keQ-00938-00196512-00196678": "as being you know this is something you", "igiVsPC7keQ-00939-00196679-00196911": "should do because when you look at the", "igiVsPC7keQ-00940-00196912-00197135": "quality of research in the field and", "igiVsPC7keQ-00941-00197136-00197326": "sort of the problematic nature of a lot", "igiVsPC7keQ-00942-00197327-00197535": "of what happens this is what you run up", "igiVsPC7keQ-00943-00197536-00197743": "against", "igiVsPC7keQ-00944-00197744-00198095": "um and you know from a", "igiVsPC7keQ-00945-00198096-00198359": "i guess a more academic sense really the", "igiVsPC7keQ-00946-00198360-00198550": "field has five", "igiVsPC7keQ-00947-00198551-00198814": "five individual failings if you will and", "igiVsPC7keQ-00948-00198815-00199095": "i won't go into any of these just", "igiVsPC7keQ-00949-00199096-00199295": "present them to you so that you know", "igiVsPC7keQ-00950-00199296-00199431": "that they are there", "igiVsPC7keQ-00951-00199432-00199663": "um there's a growing body of literature", "igiVsPC7keQ-00952-00199664-00199831": "now that talks about each of these five", "igiVsPC7keQ-00953-00199832-00199871": "but", "igiVsPC7keQ-00954-00199872-00200087": "um i want to sort of transition back", "igiVsPC7keQ-00955-00200088-00200207": "into", "igiVsPC7keQ-00956-00200208-00200599": "um this idea of these best practices", "igiVsPC7keQ-00957-00200600-00200663": "because", "igiVsPC7keQ-00958-00200664-00200950": "if you look at what we've got we've got", "igiVsPC7keQ-00959-00200951-00201031": "a whole hell", "igiVsPC7keQ-00960-00201032-00201343": "of a lot that does the first thing we've", "igiVsPC7keQ-00961-00201344-00201487": "got a little bit of stuff that's", "igiVsPC7keQ-00962-00201488-00201678": "starting to do the next two things", "igiVsPC7keQ-00963-00201679-00201878": "and almost nothing that does the last", "igiVsPC7keQ-00964-00201879-00202199": "two things so it does beg the question", "igiVsPC7keQ-00965-00202200-00202447": "you know what sort of strategies have we", "igiVsPC7keQ-00966-00202448-00202575": "seen research on", "igiVsPC7keQ-00967-00202576-00202831": "that do show a bit of promise you know", "igiVsPC7keQ-00968-00202832-00203038": "what are those promising practices that", "igiVsPC7keQ-00969-00203039-00203199": "we can start to transition to", "igiVsPC7keQ-00970-00203200-00203359": "and there are some things that i would", "igiVsPC7keQ-00971-00203360-00203583": "throw out there that are ones that i", "igiVsPC7keQ-00972-00203584-00203623": "think", "igiVsPC7keQ-00973-00203624-00203807": "really are worth not just worth", "igiVsPC7keQ-00974-00203808-00204023": "considering but worth actually", "igiVsPC7keQ-00975-00204024-00204263": "trying out and adopting as we continue", "igiVsPC7keQ-00976-00204264-00204478": "to bounce back and forth between", "igiVsPC7keQ-00977-00204479-00204735": "the face-to-face hybrid remote you know", "igiVsPC7keQ-00978-00204736-00204951": "whatever model that we've got", "igiVsPC7keQ-00979-00204952-00205166": "um so the first and i'll sort of go", "igiVsPC7keQ-00980-00205167-00205406": "through these in sort of three roles", "igiVsPC7keQ-00981-00205407-00205671": "because one of the nice pieces of", "igiVsPC7keQ-00982-00205671-00205846": "research that nikki davis", "igiVsPC7keQ-00983-00205848-00206062": "and her team when she was at iowa state", "igiVsPC7keQ-00984-00206063-00206151": "did", "igiVsPC7keQ-00985-00206152-00206423": "was they looked at this notion of the", "igiVsPC7keQ-00986-00206423-00206606": "virtual school teacher the virtual", "igiVsPC7keQ-00987-00206607-00206742": "school facilitator", "igiVsPC7keQ-00988-00206744-00206934": "so that in the school teacher that sort", "igiVsPC7keQ-00989-00206935-00207119": "of helps out a little bit", "igiVsPC7keQ-00990-00207119-00207342": "and then the virtual school designer so", "igiVsPC7keQ-00991-00207344-00207503": "that person that actually designs the", "igiVsPC7keQ-00992-00207504-00207727": "online content obviously the teachers", "igiVsPC7keQ-00993-00207728-00207855": "the first one i mentioned is the one", "igiVsPC7keQ-00994-00207856-00208062": "that delivers it and when you sort of", "igiVsPC7keQ-00995-00208063-00208134": "think about", "igiVsPC7keQ-00996-00208135-00208446": "the distance or remote learning", "igiVsPC7keQ-00997-00208448-00208727": "as having those three different people", "igiVsPC7keQ-00998-00208728-00208831": "involved", "igiVsPC7keQ-00999-00208832-00209110": "you can start to see how you know you", "igiVsPC7keQ-01000-00209111-00209279": "can start to fill some of that out", "igiVsPC7keQ-01001-00209280-00209351": "because", "igiVsPC7keQ-01002-00209352-00209598": "that facilitator that local person", "igiVsPC7keQ-01003-00209600-00209751": "doesn't necessarily have to be", "igiVsPC7keQ-01004-00209752-00209998": "one person you know it could be someone", "igiVsPC7keQ-01005-00210000-00210158": "that's assigned to them while they're", "igiVsPC7keQ-01006-00210159-00210215": "actually", "igiVsPC7keQ-01007-00210216-00210446": "in a distance learning lab actually", "igiVsPC7keQ-01008-00210448-00210551": "learning stuff", "igiVsPC7keQ-01009-00210552-00210734": "but there's all sorts of other people", "igiVsPC7keQ-01010-00210735-00210958": "that can be involved in that equation", "igiVsPC7keQ-01011-00210959-00211215": "that can be at the local level provide", "igiVsPC7keQ-01012-00211216-00211351": "that help as well", "igiVsPC7keQ-01013-00211352-00211558": "in those supplemental contexts or those", "igiVsPC7keQ-01014-00211559-00211679": "hybrid contexts", "igiVsPC7keQ-01015-00211680-00211823": "where you're seeing the student from", "igiVsPC7keQ-01016-00211823-00211998": "time to time", "igiVsPC7keQ-01017-00212000-00212206": "so as you sort of think about these", "igiVsPC7keQ-01018-00212207-00212334": "three models", "igiVsPC7keQ-01019-00212335-00212575": "and moving forward on them looking at", "igiVsPC7keQ-01020-00212576-00212727": "the designer one", "igiVsPC7keQ-01021-00212728-00212934": "you know those were the seven principles", "igiVsPC7keQ-01022-00212935-00213110": "that i mentioned a minute ago", "igiVsPC7keQ-01023-00213111-00213375": "uh if you are designing online content", "igiVsPC7keQ-01024-00213376-00213471": "for your student", "igiVsPC7keQ-01025-00213471-00213655": "i think that this is a good place to", "igiVsPC7keQ-01026-00213656-00213791": "start we've done", "igiVsPC7keQ-01027-00213792-00214006": "actually subsequent research that's", "igiVsPC7keQ-01028-00214007-00214175": "supported some of these although it's", "igiVsPC7keQ-01029-00214176-00214279": "still in that", "igiVsPC7keQ-01030-00214280-00214551": "very top of the stage so it's a strategy", "igiVsPC7keQ-01031-00214552-00214710": "that has shown some promise but we", "igiVsPC7keQ-01032-00214711-00214791": "haven't done", "igiVsPC7keQ-01033-00214792-00214951": "a lot of the second or third level", "igiVsPC7keQ-01034-00214952-00215103": "things", "igiVsPC7keQ-01035-00215104-00215382": "there are a lot of standards out there", "igiVsPC7keQ-01036-00215383-00215510": "i'll be honest with you", "igiVsPC7keQ-01037-00215511-00215767": "and say that when you start to look at", "igiVsPC7keQ-01038-00215767-00215871": "the research", "igiVsPC7keQ-01039-00215871-00216134": "into some of those standards um it's a", "igiVsPC7keQ-01040-00216135-00216358": "buyer beware kind of situation", "igiVsPC7keQ-01041-00216359-00216631": "in all honesty what i would recommend", "igiVsPC7keQ-01042-00216632-00216863": "and they are proprietary in nature", "igiVsPC7keQ-01043-00216864-00217103": "and they do cost a bit of money but the", "igiVsPC7keQ-01044-00217104-00217198": "quality matters", "igiVsPC7keQ-01045-00217200-00217455": "framework that was originally developed", "igiVsPC7keQ-01046-00217456-00217815": "at the university of maryland", "igiVsPC7keQ-01047-00217816-00218175": "they i think have a good model the", "igiVsPC7keQ-01048-00218176-00218463": "national standards for quality the nsq", "igiVsPC7keQ-01049-00218464-00218558": "project which", "igiVsPC7keQ-01050-00218559-00218846": "quality matters is now leading they're", "igiVsPC7keQ-01051-00218848-00218887": "not", "igiVsPC7keQ-01052-00218888-00219127": "bad that's why they're sort of a gray", "igiVsPC7keQ-01053-00219128-00219255": "thing there", "igiVsPC7keQ-01054-00219256-00219494": "the international association for k-12", "igiVsPC7keQ-01055-00219496-00219598": "online learning", "igiVsPC7keQ-01056-00219600-00219863": "now called the aurora institute i would", "igiVsPC7keQ-01057-00219864-00219967": "from a research", "igiVsPC7keQ-01058-00219967-00220182": "standpoint and from a support standpoint", "igiVsPC7keQ-01059-00220183-00220358": "i would stay away", "igiVsPC7keQ-01060-00220359-00220687": "from those unfortunately or sorry", "igiVsPC7keQ-01061-00220688-00220951": "um so these are the the ones that are", "igiVsPC7keQ-01062-00220952-00221175": "probably the most accessible to you", "igiVsPC7keQ-01063-00221176-00221527": "this uh nsq project which you know qm is", "igiVsPC7keQ-01064-00221528-00221734": "involved with so they're not bad", "igiVsPC7keQ-01065-00221735-00222023": "um i would use them if you don't want to", "igiVsPC7keQ-01066-00222023-00222119": "spend the hundreds", "igiVsPC7keQ-01067-00222119-00222287": "maybe thousands of dollars to become a", "igiVsPC7keQ-01068-00222288-00222494": "quality matters location", "igiVsPC7keQ-01069-00222496-00222758": "this is a good starting point i would", "igiVsPC7keQ-01070-00222759-00222951": "strongly recommend that you", "igiVsPC7keQ-01071-00222952-00223215": "sort of stay away from these ones um", "igiVsPC7keQ-01072-00223216-00223415": "unfortunately these ones tend to be the", "igiVsPC7keQ-01073-00223416-00223551": "dominant ones in the field", "igiVsPC7keQ-01074-00223552-00223734": "uh they were the first ones around the", "igiVsPC7keQ-01075-00223735-00223863": "the eye nacl or", "igiVsPC7keQ-01076-00223864-00224046": "international association for k-12", "igiVsPC7keQ-01077-00224048-00224223": "online learning", "igiVsPC7keQ-01078-00224223-00224415": "they were the first ones that were out", "igiVsPC7keQ-01079-00224416-00224639": "they have tended to get the largest", "igiVsPC7keQ-01080-00224640-00224742": "proliferation", "igiVsPC7keQ-01081-00224744-00224879": "there are some states that have even", "igiVsPC7keQ-01082-00224880-00225127": "adopted them as part of the the doe's", "igiVsPC7keQ-01083-00225128-00225319": "review of online courses", "igiVsPC7keQ-01084-00225319-00225510": "they are also the ones that have the", "igiVsPC7keQ-01085-00225511-00225751": "least research backing so the ones that", "igiVsPC7keQ-01086-00225752-00225910": "personally i would recommend staying", "igiVsPC7keQ-01087-00225911-00226142": "away from i'm looking at the virtual", "igiVsPC7keQ-01088-00226144-00226398": "school teacher", "igiVsPC7keQ-01089-00226400-00226623": "while it's a single study so it's", "igiVsPC7keQ-01090-00226623-00226751": "another one of these case studies", "igiVsPC7keQ-01091-00226752-00226942": "meredith d pietro has done", "igiVsPC7keQ-01092-00226944-00227119": "a couple of studies that i would", "igiVsPC7keQ-01093-00227119-00227246": "strongly recommend", "igiVsPC7keQ-01094-00227248-00227439": "uh this one here best practices and", "igiVsPC7keQ-01095-00227440-00227671": "again she uses the term best practices", "igiVsPC7keQ-01096-00227671-00227815": "like i use the term", "igiVsPC7keQ-01097-00227816-00228071": "principles um so they're not really best", "igiVsPC7keQ-01098-00228071-00228246": "practices but she does come", "igiVsPC7keQ-01099-00228248-00228751": "i think there's i think it's 27 or 37", "igiVsPC7keQ-01100-00228752-00228982": "um prince of our practices that she", "igiVsPC7keQ-01101-00228983-00229087": "describes", "igiVsPC7keQ-01102-00229088-00229439": "in here that came about from the", "igiVsPC7keQ-01103-00229440-00229598": "16 virtual school teachers at the", "igiVsPC7keQ-01104-00229600-00229734": "michigan virtual school that she", "igiVsPC7keQ-01105-00229735-00229863": "interviewed", "igiVsPC7keQ-01106-00229864-00230055": "those particular practices i think are a", "igiVsPC7keQ-01107-00230056-00230182": "good starting point", "igiVsPC7keQ-01108-00230183-00230455": "and if you uh continue to teach in a", "igiVsPC7keQ-01109-00230456-00230582": "remote fashion", "igiVsPC7keQ-01110-00230583-00230758": "uh you know that's an article that and", "igiVsPC7keQ-01111-00230759-00230919": "it's an open source article which is the", "igiVsPC7keQ-01112-00230919-00231023": "nice thing you can", "igiVsPC7keQ-01113-00231023-00231263": "uh just google the the title or you can", "igiVsPC7keQ-01114-00231264-00231358": "see the url", "igiVsPC7keQ-01115-00231359-00231631": "up in the top corner there and just grab", "igiVsPC7keQ-01116-00231632-00231710": "it for free", "igiVsPC7keQ-01117-00231711-00232175": "online um", "igiVsPC7keQ-01118-00232176-00232398": "she's done a follow-up study that came", "igiVsPC7keQ-01119-00232400-00232558": "out two years later", "igiVsPC7keQ-01120-00232559-00232887": "where she came up with these 17", "igiVsPC7keQ-01121-00232888-00233246": "is that 17 12 2 3 yeah 17", "igiVsPC7keQ-01122-00233248-00233567": "practices uh characteristic story", "igiVsPC7keQ-01123-00233567-00233934": "or strategies that she had in that one", "igiVsPC7keQ-01124-00233935-00234151": "and you can see they're organized around", "igiVsPC7keQ-01125-00234152-00234303": "different themes so", "igiVsPC7keQ-01126-00234304-00234655": "for your purposes if you are delivering", "igiVsPC7keQ-01127-00234656-00234951": "any uh remote learning the ones that she", "igiVsPC7keQ-01128-00234952-00235151": "describes around community student", "igiVsPC7keQ-01129-00235152-00235231": "engagement", "igiVsPC7keQ-01130-00235232-00235455": "and supporting and assessing students i", "igiVsPC7keQ-01131-00235456-00235575": "think are particularly", "igiVsPC7keQ-01132-00235576-00235910": "useful for you", "igiVsPC7keQ-01133-00235911-00236271": "um again i will and i put this up there", "igiVsPC7keQ-01134-00236271-00236423": "mainly so it could be in the slides when", "igiVsPC7keQ-01135-00236423-00236623": "you looked at them afterwards", "igiVsPC7keQ-01136-00236623-00236942": "but the um again this is a single", "igiVsPC7keQ-01137-00236944-00237182": "case study so that's sort of the caveat", "igiVsPC7keQ-01138-00237183-00237246": "to put", "igiVsPC7keQ-01139-00237248-00237479": "uh in there um and this was actually", "igiVsPC7keQ-01140-00237480-00237806": "sort of the follow-up study that she had", "igiVsPC7keQ-01141-00237807-00237942": "one thing that i would strongly", "igiVsPC7keQ-01142-00237944-00238094": "recommend this is actually probably one", "igiVsPC7keQ-01143-00238096-00238198": "of the best resources", "igiVsPC7keQ-01144-00238200-00238575": "that i've seen is this open book so this", "igiVsPC7keQ-01145-00238576-00238891": "is a free book if you go to that", "igiVsPC7keQ-01146-00238892-00239110": "edtechbooks.org forward slash k12", "igiVsPC7keQ-01147-00239111-00239239": "blended", "igiVsPC7keQ-01148-00239240-00239479": "it's a free book that's available that", "igiVsPC7keQ-01149-00239480-00239623": "charles and jared and", "igiVsPC7keQ-01150-00239623-00239934": "cecil lyanna have created while they", "igiVsPC7keQ-01151-00239935-00240439": "actually have the", "igiVsPC7keQ-01152-00240440-00240719": "focus on blended learning as you can see", "igiVsPC7keQ-01153-00240719-00240798": "from the", "igiVsPC7keQ-01154-00240800-00241030": "four squares that they've got on the", "igiVsPC7keQ-01155-00241031-00241158": "front", "igiVsPC7keQ-01156-00241159-00241334": "all of those things are things that you", "igiVsPC7keQ-01157-00241335-00241527": "would need to do in an online", "igiVsPC7keQ-01158-00241528-00241687": "environment as well", "igiVsPC7keQ-01159-00241688-00241998": "so this i think is a great guide they", "igiVsPC7keQ-01160-00242000-00242182": "haven't done any data collection", "igiVsPC7keQ-01161-00242183-00242487": "on those four things yet they do have", "igiVsPC7keQ-01162-00242488-00242791": "a blended teaching readiness assessment", "igiVsPC7keQ-01163-00242792-00242934": "that you can do that they have been", "igiVsPC7keQ-01164-00242935-00243230": "collecting data i see your question john", "igiVsPC7keQ-01165-00243231-00243406": "i can start throwing some of those up", "igiVsPC7keQ-01166-00243407-00243551": "afterwards so that", "igiVsPC7keQ-01167-00243552-00243806": "either the links or the files will be in", "igiVsPC7keQ-01168-00243807-00243982": "the session here", "igiVsPC7keQ-01169-00243983-00244151": "and i know we've got a follow ups", "igiVsPC7keQ-01170-00244152-00244310": "conversation session", "igiVsPC7keQ-01171-00244311-00244551": "in the next slot and because that's more", "igiVsPC7keQ-01172-00244552-00244710": "informal i can probably go and grab them", "igiVsPC7keQ-01173-00244711-00244855": "while we're doing that", "igiVsPC7keQ-01174-00244856-00245006": "but the slides will be available there", "igiVsPC7keQ-01175-00245007-00245175": "and you can see the urls for most of", "igiVsPC7keQ-01176-00245176-00245279": "these", "igiVsPC7keQ-01177-00245280-00245630": "on there and so moving to the", "igiVsPC7keQ-01178-00245631-00245846": "facilitator for those of you that", "igiVsPC7keQ-01179-00245848-00245998": "have students that are learning in a", "igiVsPC7keQ-01180-00246000-00246191": "supplemental environment", "igiVsPC7keQ-01181-00246192-00246382": "as you're looking through one of the", "igiVsPC7keQ-01182-00246383-00246582": "things that you want to", "igiVsPC7keQ-01183-00246583-00246942": "make sure that you do is focus upon this", "igiVsPC7keQ-01184-00246944-00247055": "role because", "igiVsPC7keQ-01185-00247056-00247279": "of all of the things that i've talked", "igiVsPC7keQ-01186-00247280-00247494": "about thus far the one that has the most", "igiVsPC7keQ-01187-00247496-00247646": "research base", "igiVsPC7keQ-01188-00247648-00247887": "to date is the fact that if you have", "igiVsPC7keQ-01189-00247888-00248015": "students that are learning", "igiVsPC7keQ-01190-00248016-00248319": "online in a supplemental fashion that", "igiVsPC7keQ-01191-00248319-00248694": "the presence or absence of a trained", "igiVsPC7keQ-01192-00248696-00248991": "and active facilitator can actually have", "igiVsPC7keQ-01193-00248992-00249039": "a", "igiVsPC7keQ-01194-00249040-00249334": "statistically significant impact upon", "igiVsPC7keQ-01195-00249335-00249494": "student success", "igiVsPC7keQ-01196-00249496-00249815": "and as you can see from sort of the the", "igiVsPC7keQ-01197-00249816-00249991": "bullets that are there you can get a", "igiVsPC7keQ-01198-00249992-00250303": "sense as to what some of the roles", "igiVsPC7keQ-01199-00250304-00250471": "or some of the duties of that", "igiVsPC7keQ-01200-00250471-00250734": "facilitator might be", "igiVsPC7keQ-01201-00250735-00250942": "in terms of looking at i guess the", "igiVsPC7keQ-01202-00250944-00251087": "difference between", "igiVsPC7keQ-01203-00251088-00251382": "what the teacher that's at the school", "igiVsPC7keQ-01204-00251383-00251582": "would do compared to what the teacher", "igiVsPC7keQ-01205-00251583-00251863": "that is online the online teacher the", "igiVsPC7keQ-01206-00251864-00252071": "virtual school teacher would do", "igiVsPC7keQ-01207-00252071-00252287": "while there is a bit of overlap from it", "igiVsPC7keQ-01208-00252288-00252479": "you can see that really the on-site", "igiVsPC7keQ-01209-00252480-00252582": "mentor", "igiVsPC7keQ-01210-00252583-00252927": "uh is is really a a guide", "igiVsPC7keQ-01211-00252928-00253294": "like um if i was had a student that i", "igiVsPC7keQ-01212-00253296-00253551": "was supporting who was say taking a", "igiVsPC7keQ-01213-00253552-00253687": "calculus class", "igiVsPC7keQ-01214-00253688-00253975": "um it's been a long time since i had to", "igiVsPC7keQ-01215-00253976-00254127": "take a calculus class heck it's been a", "igiVsPC7keQ-01216-00254128-00254206": "long time since i've", "igiVsPC7keQ-01217-00254207-00254398": "taken algebra i was a social studies", "igiVsPC7keQ-01218-00254400-00254527": "teacher", "igiVsPC7keQ-01219-00254528-00254719": "and most of that that i did learn i", "igiVsPC7keQ-01220-00254719-00254934": "probably forgot shortly after", "igiVsPC7keQ-01221-00254935-00255110": "the year was out or definitely by the", "igiVsPC7keQ-01222-00255111-00255319": "time i you know finished my k-12", "igiVsPC7keQ-01223-00255319-00255446": "environment because i didn't take any", "igiVsPC7keQ-01224-00255448-00255655": "math classes after that", "igiVsPC7keQ-01225-00255656-00255903": "i can probably for the purposes of", "igiVsPC7keQ-01226-00255904-00256030": "assisting a student", "igiVsPC7keQ-01227-00256031-00256282": "muddle my way through trying to figure", "igiVsPC7keQ-01228-00256283-00256430": "out what", "igiVsPC7keQ-01229-00256431-00256606": "you know using the textbook and whatever", "igiVsPC7keQ-01230-00256607-00256791": "online content that the teachers put up", "igiVsPC7keQ-01231-00256792-00256830": "there", "igiVsPC7keQ-01232-00256831-00257030": "i can muddle my way through and sort of", "igiVsPC7keQ-01233-00257031-00257230": "problem solve and critical think", "igiVsPC7keQ-01234-00257231-00257446": "my way to an answer might not be the", "igiVsPC7keQ-01235-00257448-00257687": "right answer hopefully it will be", "igiVsPC7keQ-01236-00257688-00257919": "but sort of helping the student with", "igiVsPC7keQ-01237-00257919-00258023": "that and", "igiVsPC7keQ-01238-00258023-00258271": "modeling those sort of problem solving", "igiVsPC7keQ-01239-00258271-00258382": "skills", "igiVsPC7keQ-01240-00258383-00258582": "and you know just being someone in the", "igiVsPC7keQ-01241-00258583-00258751": "room that recognizes", "igiVsPC7keQ-01242-00258752-00258927": "that that kid is in front of a computer", "igiVsPC7keQ-01243-00258928-00259087": "and a little bit frustrated because they", "igiVsPC7keQ-01244-00259088-00259142": "haven't", "igiVsPC7keQ-01245-00259144-00259375": "made progress along the way you know", "igiVsPC7keQ-01246-00259376-00259510": "that's really the role of that", "igiVsPC7keQ-01247-00259511-00259727": "facilitator that on-site mentor", "igiVsPC7keQ-01248-00259728-00259830": "you know so you're not there to", "igiVsPC7keQ-01249-00259831-00260046": "necessarily teach the content it's", "igiVsPC7keQ-01250-00260048-00260158": "really to help the", "igiVsPC7keQ-01251-00260159-00260375": "the students along and so hopefully that", "igiVsPC7keQ-01252-00260376-00260527": "differentiates the role a little bit", "igiVsPC7keQ-01253-00260528-00260567": "there", "igiVsPC7keQ-01254-00260567-00260791": "and you can sort of see how the types of", "igiVsPC7keQ-01255-00260792-00260879": "things that", "igiVsPC7keQ-01256-00260880-00261055": "not only they do but if you sort of", "igiVsPC7keQ-01257-00261056-00261191": "think about that", "igiVsPC7keQ-01258-00261192-00261382": "distance environment where you don't see", "igiVsPC7keQ-01259-00261383-00261519": "your teacher", "igiVsPC7keQ-01260-00261519-00261727": "you know they're miles you know hundreds", "igiVsPC7keQ-01261-00261728-00261879": "of miles away from you in some other", "igiVsPC7keQ-01262-00261880-00261951": "location", "igiVsPC7keQ-01263-00261952-00262255": "and you never lay eyes on the types of", "igiVsPC7keQ-01264-00262256-00262382": "things that are described here are", "igiVsPC7keQ-01265-00262383-00262510": "really important", "igiVsPC7keQ-01266-00262511-00262806": "roles in that learning process that we", "igiVsPC7keQ-01267-00262807-00262991": "have", "igiVsPC7keQ-01268-00262992-00263263": "and there have actually been training", "igiVsPC7keQ-01269-00263264-00263327": "programs", "igiVsPC7keQ-01270-00263328-00263663": "and the unc folks at chapel hill", "igiVsPC7keQ-01271-00263664-00263863": "had a national research center called", "igiVsPC7keQ-01272-00263864-00263999": "the nrc", "igiVsPC7keQ-01273-00264000-00264230": "for rural education support and they", "igiVsPC7keQ-01274-00264231-00264415": "developed an open source training", "igiVsPC7keQ-01275-00264416-00264551": "program that", "igiVsPC7keQ-01276-00264552-00264743": "isn't available online but if you", "igiVsPC7keQ-01277-00264744-00264903": "contact the center they will make", "igiVsPC7keQ-01278-00264904-00265047": "available to you", "igiVsPC7keQ-01279-00265048-00265327": "and while you can see all the sort of", "igiVsPC7keQ-01280-00265328-00265471": "things that they were doing research", "igiVsPC7keQ-01281-00265472-00265527": "about", "igiVsPC7keQ-01282-00265528-00265799": "i mentioned this in particular because", "igiVsPC7keQ-01283-00265800-00266023": "again if you contact the center", "igiVsPC7keQ-01284-00266024-00266158": "each of the articles that they've", "igiVsPC7keQ-01285-00266159-00266358": "written about this references an", "igiVsPC7keQ-01286-00266359-00266623": "open source training program that you", "igiVsPC7keQ-01287-00266624-00266799": "should be able to get a copy of", "igiVsPC7keQ-01288-00266800-00267047": "that you would be able to use with your", "igiVsPC7keQ-01289-00267048-00267271": "teachers that may be supporting", "igiVsPC7keQ-01290-00267272-00267463": "students that are learning in an online", "igiVsPC7keQ-01291-00267464-00267582": "environment", "igiVsPC7keQ-01292-00267583-00267703": "you know because one of the things i", "igiVsPC7keQ-01293-00267704-00267863": "think that we don't do enough of in", "igiVsPC7keQ-01294-00267864-00267967": "education", "igiVsPC7keQ-01295-00267968-00268271": "is we don't share things enough openly", "igiVsPC7keQ-01296-00268272-00268447": "you know there's no need for you guys to", "igiVsPC7keQ-01297-00268448-00268639": "recreate for every", "igiVsPC7keQ-01298-00268640-00268791": "school leader that's that's in the", "igiVsPC7keQ-01299-00268792-00269015": "audience to have to recreate their", "igiVsPC7keQ-01300-00269016-00269327": "own program they can use these programs", "igiVsPC7keQ-01301-00269328-00269671": "easily enough if you haven't come across", "igiVsPC7keQ-01302-00269672-00269806": "them before i would", "igiVsPC7keQ-01303-00269807-00270039": "highly recommend the michigan virtual", "igiVsPC7keQ-01304-00270040-00270127": "learning research", "igiVsPC7keQ-01305-00270128-00270382": "institute in general now they do have", "igiVsPC7keQ-01306-00270383-00270543": "these guides", "igiVsPC7keQ-01307-00270544-00270895": "for online learning and so they've got", "igiVsPC7keQ-01308-00270896-00270951": "one for", "igiVsPC7keQ-01309-00270952-00271191": "students one for parents one for mentors", "igiVsPC7keQ-01310-00271192-00271351": "one for online teachers", "igiVsPC7keQ-01311-00271352-00271682": "one for district and school", "igiVsPC7keQ-01312-00271683-00271982": "leaders i think there's one for school", "igiVsPC7keQ-01313-00271983-00272191": "board members", "igiVsPC7keQ-01314-00272192-00272382": "so they've got these guys that they've", "igiVsPC7keQ-01315-00272383-00272510": "created that i think are", "igiVsPC7keQ-01316-00272511-00272791": "exceptional resources that are available", "igiVsPC7keQ-01317-00272792-00272927": "that you can use i know a couple of", "igiVsPC7keQ-01318-00272928-00273079": "canadian provinces that have", "igiVsPC7keQ-01319-00273080-00273279": "worked with the michigan virtual folks", "igiVsPC7keQ-01320-00273280-00273423": "to actually adapt", "igiVsPC7keQ-01321-00273424-00273639": "them for a canadian audience and have", "igiVsPC7keQ-01322-00273640-00273830": "actually used that material in their own", "igiVsPC7keQ-01323-00273831-00273982": "jurisdictions", "igiVsPC7keQ-01324-00273983-00274191": "they also have this online learning", "igiVsPC7keQ-01325-00274192-00274310": "orientation tool", "igiVsPC7keQ-01326-00274311-00274606": "which i also think incredibly highly of", "igiVsPC7keQ-01327-00274607-00274806": "it likely will need to be adapted a bit", "igiVsPC7keQ-01328-00274807-00274927": "for your environment", "igiVsPC7keQ-01329-00274928-00275095": "but one of the nice things i really like", "igiVsPC7keQ-01330-00275096-00275263": "about this particular tool", "igiVsPC7keQ-01331-00275264-00275510": "is that it actually focuses a lot on the", "igiVsPC7keQ-01332-00275511-00275663": "soft learning skills so", "igiVsPC7keQ-01333-00275664-00275903": "it gives students strategies that they", "igiVsPC7keQ-01334-00275904-00275999": "can use", "igiVsPC7keQ-01335-00276000-00276263": "and tries to teach them some of those", "igiVsPC7keQ-01336-00276264-00276403": "you know self-motivation", "igiVsPC7keQ-01337-00276404-00276543": "self-directedness", "igiVsPC7keQ-01338-00276544-00277039": "um self-regulated type skills that they", "igiVsPC7keQ-01339-00277040-00277263": "need to have success in this environment", "igiVsPC7keQ-01340-00277264-00277534": "um so using this tool as a starting", "igiVsPC7keQ-01341-00277535-00277582": "point", "igiVsPC7keQ-01342-00277583-00277823": "and again it's it's available for you to", "igiVsPC7keQ-01343-00277824-00277951": "use online", "igiVsPC7keQ-01344-00277952-00278127": "but using it as a starting point that", "igiVsPC7keQ-01345-00278128-00278287": "you could then adapt", "igiVsPC7keQ-01346-00278288-00278455": "to your particular school or your", "igiVsPC7keQ-01347-00278456-00278630": "particular environment i think is", "igiVsPC7keQ-01348-00278631-00278871": "incredibly useful", "igiVsPC7keQ-01349-00278872-00279119": "probably i think when it's a new piece", "igiVsPC7keQ-01350-00279120-00279343": "of research you see it only came out", "igiVsPC7keQ-01351-00279344-00279623": "this past year uh jared borup and his", "igiVsPC7keQ-01352-00279624-00279751": "colleagues", "igiVsPC7keQ-01353-00279752-00280055": "created this ace framework and", "igiVsPC7keQ-01354-00280056-00280175": "essentially what you", "igiVsPC7keQ-01355-00280176-00280495": "have here is it looks at", "igiVsPC7keQ-01356-00280496-00280719": "essentially all of the abilities that a", "igiVsPC7keQ-01357-00280720-00280903": "student has", "igiVsPC7keQ-01358-00280904-00281191": "and then all of the ways in which they", "igiVsPC7keQ-01359-00281192-00281406": "need to engage with their course", "igiVsPC7keQ-01360-00281407-00281575": "from a cognitive behavioral and", "igiVsPC7keQ-01361-00281576-00281791": "affective way and then how", "igiVsPC7keQ-01362-00281792-00282127": "either the course or the in the", "igiVsPC7keQ-01363-00282128-00282303": "student's individual community which", "igiVsPC7keQ-01364-00282304-00282399": "could include", "igiVsPC7keQ-01365-00282400-00282551": "you know everything one from their", "igiVsPC7keQ-01366-00282552-00282727": "parents to older siblings", "igiVsPC7keQ-01367-00282728-00282958": "to those school-based support folks that", "igiVsPC7keQ-01368-00282959-00283055": "they have", "igiVsPC7keQ-01369-00283056-00283415": "you know how do they provide a model of", "igiVsPC7keQ-01370-00283416-00283679": "support that will essentially help the", "igiVsPC7keQ-01371-00283680-00283799": "student so that they", "igiVsPC7keQ-01372-00283800-00284095": "get to the outsides of that triangle", "igiVsPC7keQ-01373-00284096-00284199": "where you get the", "igiVsPC7keQ-01374-00284200-00284430": "the engagement necessary for academic", "igiVsPC7keQ-01375-00284431-00284591": "success because while they're showing us", "igiVsPC7keQ-01376-00284592-00284775": "sort of three perfectly", "igiVsPC7keQ-01377-00284776-00284967": "spaced and perfectly sized triangles", "igiVsPC7keQ-01378-00284968-00285167": "here the reality is our students don't", "igiVsPC7keQ-01379-00285168-00285263": "come in that way", "igiVsPC7keQ-01380-00285264-00285415": "you know you might have a student that", "igiVsPC7keQ-01381-00285416-00285615": "you know has high level of cognitive", "igiVsPC7keQ-01382-00285616-00285791": "engagement but a very low level of", "igiVsPC7keQ-01383-00285792-00285903": "behavioral engagement", "igiVsPC7keQ-01384-00285904-00286087": "so you've got sort of a very skewed", "igiVsPC7keQ-01385-00286088-00286310": "triangle that you're looking at there", "igiVsPC7keQ-01386-00286311-00286591": "so it's up to the individuals to try to", "igiVsPC7keQ-01387-00286592-00286671": "figure out", "igiVsPC7keQ-01388-00286672-00286991": "you know how do we massage the", "igiVsPC7keQ-01389-00286992-00287334": "supports that either", "igiVsPC7keQ-01390-00287335-00287591": "are in the course or that we are able to", "igiVsPC7keQ-01391-00287592-00287671": "provide", "igiVsPC7keQ-01392-00287672-00287854": "through that personal community to", "igiVsPC7keQ-01393-00287855-00288015": "ensure that that student can have", "igiVsPC7keQ-01394-00288016-00288439": "success", "igiVsPC7keQ-01395-00288440-00288703": "beyond those that we've looked at that", "igiVsPC7keQ-01396-00288704-00288775": "um", "igiVsPC7keQ-01397-00288776-00289103": "are just those that show promise", "igiVsPC7keQ-01398-00289104-00289295": "there are some that have moved into", "igiVsPC7keQ-01399-00289296-00289479": "those next two levels there", "igiVsPC7keQ-01400-00289480-00289654": "so that we've actually started to do", "igiVsPC7keQ-01401-00289655-00289999": "some research on we've started to refine", "igiVsPC7keQ-01402-00290000-00290382": "some of the strategies or the the", "igiVsPC7keQ-01403-00290383-00290551": "specific ideas that are mentioned", "igiVsPC7keQ-01404-00290552-00290767": "in them and these are the ones so while", "igiVsPC7keQ-01405-00290768-00290982": "the other ones i think are good", "igiVsPC7keQ-01406-00290983-00291271": "these ones here i think are stellar so", "igiVsPC7keQ-01407-00291272-00291343": "if you're", "igiVsPC7keQ-01408-00291344-00291463": "i should have probably did it the other", "igiVsPC7keQ-01409-00291464-00291591": "way around i should have probably gave", "igiVsPC7keQ-01410-00291592-00291775": "you the best stuff first and then", "igiVsPC7keQ-01411-00291776-00291943": "talked about some other good stuff but", "igiVsPC7keQ-01412-00291944-00292134": "uh well here we are", "igiVsPC7keQ-01413-00292135-00292454": "um so while it is dated and i", "igiVsPC7keQ-01414-00292455-00292639": "you can see from the dates at the bottom", "igiVsPC7keQ-01415-00292640-00292767": "that most of this stuff", "igiVsPC7keQ-01416-00292768-00293054": "is 20 years old it is still the best", "igiVsPC7keQ-01417-00293055-00293287": "research that we have available", "igiVsPC7keQ-01418-00293288-00293615": "about the delivery of education", "igiVsPC7keQ-01419-00293616-00293871": "using online tools at a distance um the", "igiVsPC7keQ-01420-00293872-00294039": "virtual high school which was", "igiVsPC7keQ-01421-00294040-00294310": "one of the first online programs created", "igiVsPC7keQ-01422-00294311-00294351": "uh", "igiVsPC7keQ-01423-00294352-00294687": "started back in 96 97 i was created with", "igiVsPC7keQ-01424-00294688-00294871": "a five-year federal grant and as a part", "igiVsPC7keQ-01425-00294872-00294967": "of that grant", "igiVsPC7keQ-01426-00294968-00295127": "they actually had to have external", "igiVsPC7keQ-01427-00295128-00295399": "evaluators looking at them", "igiVsPC7keQ-01428-00295400-00295591": "and it was a really a nice collaboration", "igiVsPC7keQ-01429-00295592-00295727": "because what happened was", "igiVsPC7keQ-01430-00295728-00296006": "the online program identified seven", "igiVsPC7keQ-01431-00296007-00296079": "goals", "igiVsPC7keQ-01432-00296080-00296239": "and said by the end of the five years", "igiVsPC7keQ-01433-00296240-00296439": "we'd like to be good at these seven", "igiVsPC7keQ-01434-00296440-00296551": "things", "igiVsPC7keQ-01435-00296552-00296767": "and then it was the evaluator's job to", "igiVsPC7keQ-01436-00296768-00296958": "tell them how they were doing", "igiVsPC7keQ-01437-00296959-00297254": "on those seven things on an annual basis", "igiVsPC7keQ-01438-00297255-00297295": "and", "igiVsPC7keQ-01439-00297296-00297471": "if they were really having difficulty", "igiVsPC7keQ-01440-00297472-00297767": "with any one of those seven things", "igiVsPC7keQ-01441-00297768-00298103": "to do more serious and more focused", "igiVsPC7keQ-01442-00298104-00298215": "investigations", "igiVsPC7keQ-01443-00298216-00298439": "on whichever of those seven things that", "igiVsPC7keQ-01444-00298440-00298751": "they were missing", "igiVsPC7keQ-01445-00298752-00298934": "so what ends up happening is you have", "igiVsPC7keQ-01446-00298935-00299182": "this robust body of research that came", "igiVsPC7keQ-01447-00299183-00299295": "out", "igiVsPC7keQ-01448-00299296-00299599": "most of which is available freely online", "igiVsPC7keQ-01449-00299600-00299823": "if you were to go and search evaluation", "igiVsPC7keQ-01450-00299824-00299943": "virtual high school", "igiVsPC7keQ-01451-00299944-00300239": "you'll find pdfs of those first three", "igiVsPC7keQ-01452-00300240-00300406": "annual evaluations", "igiVsPC7keQ-01453-00300407-00300615": "you'll find a pdf of one of the two", "igiVsPC7keQ-01454-00300616-00300815": "subject specific evaluations", "igiVsPC7keQ-01455-00300816-00301087": "the book that you see covered there", "igiVsPC7keQ-01456-00301088-00301206": "virtual high school", "igiVsPC7keQ-01457-00301207-00301871": "teaching generation v", "igiVsPC7keQ-01458-00301872-00302151": "that book is uh available on amazon and", "igiVsPC7keQ-01459-00302152-00302295": "i think it's fairly cheap if you get a", "igiVsPC7keQ-01460-00302296-00302423": "second hand one", "igiVsPC7keQ-01461-00302424-00302623": "the other subject specific one is", "igiVsPC7keQ-01462-00302624-00302799": "actually another book that they publish", "igiVsPC7keQ-01463-00302800-00302871": "that's the", "igiVsPC7keQ-01464-00302872-00303175": "uh album mcintyre and smith one um so", "igiVsPC7keQ-01465-00303176-00303367": "this is all stuff that you can get and", "igiVsPC7keQ-01466-00303368-00303399": "get", "igiVsPC7keQ-01467-00303400-00303663": "readily fairly readily available um you", "igiVsPC7keQ-01468-00303664-00303887": "have to get over the fact that they call", "igiVsPC7keQ-01469-00303888-00304095": "online courses net courses", "igiVsPC7keQ-01470-00304096-00304279": "because that's the terminology they used", "igiVsPC7keQ-01471-00304280-00304495": "in the grant back in 1995", "igiVsPC7keQ-01472-00304496-00304734": "when they submitted it but beyond that", "igiVsPC7keQ-01473-00304735-00304951": "the actual goals that they have and the", "igiVsPC7keQ-01474-00304952-00305071": "things that they learned", "igiVsPC7keQ-01475-00305072-00305382": "from this evaluation", "igiVsPC7keQ-01476-00305383-00305615": "still represents the best work that's", "igiVsPC7keQ-01477-00305616-00305815": "out there and in all honesty if i were", "igiVsPC7keQ-01478-00305816-00306047": "starting my own online program", "igiVsPC7keQ-01479-00306048-00306223": "these are resources that i would put", "igiVsPC7keQ-01480-00306224-00306415": "into the hands of all of the people that", "igiVsPC7keQ-01481-00306416-00306495": "i hired", "igiVsPC7keQ-01482-00306496-00306767": "initially because this to me represents", "igiVsPC7keQ-01483-00306768-00306895": "at least", "igiVsPC7keQ-01484-00306896-00307079": "based on what we have to date the gold", "igiVsPC7keQ-01485-00307080-00307319": "standard of what's available", "igiVsPC7keQ-01486-00307320-00307479": "a step down from that and i know i", "igiVsPC7keQ-01487-00307480-00307703": "knocked them a lot a little bit ago with", "igiVsPC7keQ-01488-00307704-00307743": "the", "igiVsPC7keQ-01489-00307744-00307919": "you know but the international", "igiVsPC7keQ-01490-00307920-00308271": "association of k-12 online learner inacl", "igiVsPC7keQ-01491-00308272-00308495": "collaborated with the a couple of", "igiVsPC7keQ-01492-00308496-00308654": "faculty uh", "igiVsPC7keQ-01493-00308655-00308895": "rick ferdig and catherine cavanaugh uh", "igiVsPC7keQ-01494-00308896-00309063": "kathy kavanagh at the university of", "igiVsPC7keQ-01495-00309064-00309151": "florida", "igiVsPC7keQ-01496-00309152-00309503": "to essentially produce a couple of books", "igiVsPC7keQ-01497-00309504-00309623": "actually", "igiVsPC7keQ-01498-00309624-00309839": "looking at the lessons learned from", "igiVsPC7keQ-01499-00309840-00310039": "virtual schools", "igiVsPC7keQ-01500-00310040-00310287": "and these virtual schools were part of a", "igiVsPC7keQ-01501-00310288-00310495": "grant a four-year grant", "igiVsPC7keQ-01502-00310496-00310695": "that the florida or that the university", "igiVsPC7keQ-01503-00310696-00310919": "of florida had", "igiVsPC7keQ-01504-00310920-00311143": "and for the most part they tend to", "igiVsPC7keQ-01505-00311144-00311230": "represent", "igiVsPC7keQ-01506-00311231-00311454": "a wide variety of programs so when you", "igiVsPC7keQ-01507-00311455-00311575": "look at", "igiVsPC7keQ-01508-00311576-00311815": "the the book itself this lessons learned", "igiVsPC7keQ-01509-00311816-00311982": "from virtual schools", "igiVsPC7keQ-01510-00311983-00312303": "has 13 content based chapters and each", "igiVsPC7keQ-01511-00312304-00312399": "of those chapters", "igiVsPC7keQ-01512-00312400-00312639": "is written by a different online program", "igiVsPC7keQ-01513-00312640-00312823": "and each of the online programs are", "igiVsPC7keQ-01514-00312824-00312975": "slightly different", "igiVsPC7keQ-01515-00312976-00313191": "so you have some that are full-time", "igiVsPC7keQ-01516-00313192-00313310": "cyber turners", "igiVsPC7keQ-01517-00313311-00313623": "that you know have the corporate um", "igiVsPC7keQ-01518-00313624-00313830": "emo educational management organization", "igiVsPC7keQ-01519-00313831-00314023": "owners there are district-based", "igiVsPC7keQ-01520-00314024-00314206": "supplemental programs there are", "igiVsPC7keQ-01521-00314207-00314463": "statewide supplemental programs uh", "igiVsPC7keQ-01522-00314464-00314615": "there's one private school in their", "igiVsPC7keQ-01523-00314616-00314743": "memory service be correct", "igiVsPC7keQ-01524-00314744-00314943": "so there's a variety of different types", "igiVsPC7keQ-01525-00314944-00315119": "of programs that are there", "igiVsPC7keQ-01526-00315120-00315358": "and each of these programs work with the", "igiVsPC7keQ-01527-00315359-00315423": "florida", "igiVsPC7keQ-01528-00315424-00315599": "at the university of florida over this", "igiVsPC7keQ-01529-00315600-00315751": "three year period", "igiVsPC7keQ-01530-00315752-00316047": "to essentially address in a data-driven", "igiVsPC7keQ-01531-00316048-00316119": "way", "igiVsPC7keQ-01532-00316120-00316319": "questions that the individual program", "igiVsPC7keQ-01533-00316320-00316430": "had", "igiVsPC7keQ-01534-00316431-00316782": "and over that four year period using", "igiVsPC7keQ-01535-00316783-00316999": "the tools and the analysis and the", "igiVsPC7keQ-01536-00317000-00317134": "metrics that", "igiVsPC7keQ-01537-00317135-00317343": "the university of florida researchers", "igiVsPC7keQ-01538-00317344-00317439": "came up with", "igiVsPC7keQ-01539-00317440-00317679": "they would make changes to their program", "igiVsPC7keQ-01540-00317680-00317758": "and then assess", "igiVsPC7keQ-01541-00317759-00317975": "okay what's the impact of that change", "igiVsPC7keQ-01542-00317976-00318151": "are things going better or worse than", "igiVsPC7keQ-01543-00318152-00318310": "what they were before we started fooling", "igiVsPC7keQ-01544-00318311-00318415": "around with this", "igiVsPC7keQ-01545-00318416-00318647": "um so they had four years of this and it", "igiVsPC7keQ-01546-00318648-00318871": "really did a good job at looking at", "igiVsPC7keQ-01547-00318872-00319063": "some of these issues so while not quite", "igiVsPC7keQ-01548-00319064-00319247": "as good as the virtual high school stuff", "igiVsPC7keQ-01549-00319248-00319503": "that i just mentioned this is probably", "igiVsPC7keQ-01550-00319504-00319751": "the the first major pd that i were to do", "igiVsPC7keQ-01551-00319752-00319951": "with my newly formed virtual school", "igiVsPC7keQ-01552-00319952-00320127": "that uh you know it's fictitious and i", "igiVsPC7keQ-01553-00320128-00320295": "just made up", "igiVsPC7keQ-01554-00320296-00320439": "this is probably the resource i would", "igiVsPC7keQ-01555-00320440-00320654": "give to all of my staff on that first", "igiVsPC7keQ-01556-00320655-00320743": "major pd", "igiVsPC7keQ-01557-00320744-00320951": "after we've already spent some time from", "igiVsPC7keQ-01558-00320952-00321182": "that initial setup with the the virtual", "igiVsPC7keQ-01559-00321183-00321543": "school stuff", "igiVsPC7keQ-01560-00321544-00321806": "a tool that i would definitely implement", "igiVsPC7keQ-01561-00321807-00321951": "with all of my teachers", "igiVsPC7keQ-01562-00321952-00322143": "or with all of my students actually is", "igiVsPC7keQ-01563-00322144-00322382": "this educational success prediction", "igiVsPC7keQ-01564-00322383-00322582": "instrument or esprit is what it's often", "igiVsPC7keQ-01565-00322583-00322806": "called e-s-p-r-i", "igiVsPC7keQ-01566-00322807-00323143": "um essentially this is a tool", "igiVsPC7keQ-01567-00323144-00323423": "it's a right now a as you can see", "igiVsPC7keQ-01568-00323424-00323543": "roughly 25", "igiVsPC7keQ-01569-00323544-00323799": "question instrument that looks at these", "igiVsPC7keQ-01570-00323800-00323934": "four areas", "igiVsPC7keQ-01571-00323935-00324079": "that's got a fair amount of research", "igiVsPC7keQ-01572-00324080-00324295": "behind it i mean not you know the the", "igiVsPC7keQ-01573-00324296-00324454": "types we'd like to see to be a best", "igiVsPC7keQ-01574-00324455-00324615": "practice but definitely", "igiVsPC7keQ-01575-00324616-00324927": "beyond just those promising ideas um in", "igiVsPC7keQ-01576-00324928-00324999": "fact the", "igiVsPC7keQ-01577-00325000-00325182": "tool the instrument itself has been", "igiVsPC7keQ-01578-00325183-00325510": "found to be somewhere between 92 and 96", "igiVsPC7keQ-01579-00325511-00325703": "effective in determining whether or not", "igiVsPC7keQ-01580-00325704-00325871": "a student is going to have success", "igiVsPC7keQ-01581-00325872-00326071": "in an independent learning environment", "igiVsPC7keQ-01582-00326072-00326247": "like an online course", "igiVsPC7keQ-01583-00326248-00326510": "um the i guess difficulty or the", "igiVsPC7keQ-01584-00326511-00326606": "limitation", "igiVsPC7keQ-01585-00326607-00326934": "of this particular uh instrument is the", "igiVsPC7keQ-01586-00326935-00327071": "simple fact that", "igiVsPC7keQ-01587-00327072-00327303": "it is a prediction instrument you know", "igiVsPC7keQ-01588-00327304-00327471": "so we predict that you're going to fail", "igiVsPC7keQ-01589-00327472-00327647": "now go forth and fail", "igiVsPC7keQ-01590-00327648-00327887": "um you know one of the things that that", "igiVsPC7keQ-01591-00327888-00328047": "margaret robely and her team", "igiVsPC7keQ-01592-00328048-00328263": "had always intended to do but never were", "igiVsPC7keQ-01593-00328264-00328447": "able to receive the funding for", "igiVsPC7keQ-01594-00328448-00328710": "is to create an orientation tool similar", "igiVsPC7keQ-01595-00328711-00328934": "to that olat tool that i mentioned that", "igiVsPC7keQ-01596-00328935-00329119": "the michigan virtual folks", "igiVsPC7keQ-01597-00329120-00329382": "had developed that would remediate some", "igiVsPC7keQ-01598-00329383-00329551": "of these things you know so we", "igiVsPC7keQ-01599-00329552-00329734": "see that you're weak in organizational", "igiVsPC7keQ-01600-00329735-00330006": "strategies let us give you some", "igiVsPC7keQ-01601-00330007-00330303": "you know some ideas some tricks that you", "igiVsPC7keQ-01602-00330304-00330399": "can use to", "igiVsPC7keQ-01603-00330400-00330543": "try to address some of those", "igiVsPC7keQ-01604-00330544-00331047": "deficiencies", "igiVsPC7keQ-01605-00331048-00331230": "i mentioned them a couple of minutes ago", "igiVsPC7keQ-01606-00331231-00331382": "and and um", "igiVsPC7keQ-01607-00331383-00331567": "the michigan virtual research uh", "igiVsPC7keQ-01608-00331568-00331695": "michigan virtual learning research", "igiVsPC7keQ-01609-00331696-00331887": "institute is really a stellar", "igiVsPC7keQ-01610-00331888-00332023": "organization", "igiVsPC7keQ-01611-00332024-00332167": "if you've never looked at their work", "igiVsPC7keQ-01612-00332168-00332447": "before i highly encourage it", "igiVsPC7keQ-01613-00332448-00332654": "this is a research body that was", "igiVsPC7keQ-01614-00332655-00332775": "actually set up", "igiVsPC7keQ-01615-00332776-00333143": "by legislative statute and they were", "igiVsPC7keQ-01616-00333144-00333367": "actually asked to look at these 19 areas", "igiVsPC7keQ-01617-00333368-00333567": "and i know you can't read this slide", "igiVsPC7keQ-01618-00333568-00333839": "it's not intended for it to be read it's", "igiVsPC7keQ-01619-00333840-00334095": "just intended for you to sort of see", "igiVsPC7keQ-01620-00334096-00334423": "how detailed and descriptive", "igiVsPC7keQ-01621-00334424-00334703": "the state lawmakers were when they", "igiVsPC7keQ-01622-00334704-00334958": "picked out the 19 specific things", "igiVsPC7keQ-01623-00334959-00335151": "that they wanted to know more about when", "igiVsPC7keQ-01624-00335152-00335334": "it came to online and blended learning", "igiVsPC7keQ-01625-00335335-00335519": "so that it could guide the policy and", "igiVsPC7keQ-01626-00335520-00335671": "practice that were happening in that", "igiVsPC7keQ-01627-00335672-00335751": "state", "igiVsPC7keQ-01628-00335752-00335927": "and they've done a really good job on it", "igiVsPC7keQ-01629-00335928-00336063": "and they've been you know", "igiVsPC7keQ-01630-00336064-00336206": "the research that they've been doing now", "igiVsPC7keQ-01631-00336207-00336447": "they've been doing uh for", "igiVsPC7keQ-01632-00336448-00336575": "actually it's probably about a decade", "igiVsPC7keQ-01633-00336576-00336847": "now uh eight nine years i think is", "igiVsPC7keQ-01634-00336848-00337143": "uh this year and one of the things that", "igiVsPC7keQ-01635-00337144-00337319": "they actually published", "igiVsPC7keQ-01636-00337320-00337606": "um at the uh over the i think it came", "igiVsPC7keQ-01637-00337607-00337671": "out in the", "igiVsPC7keQ-01638-00337672-00337958": "early fall late summer um they published", "igiVsPC7keQ-01639-00337959-00338095": "these 10 reports", "igiVsPC7keQ-01640-00338096-00338327": "and essentially their review reports so", "igiVsPC7keQ-01641-00338328-00338454": "what they did was", "igiVsPC7keQ-01642-00338455-00338775": "they picked 10 topics or sort of got 10", "igiVsPC7keQ-01643-00338776-00338927": "categories of things", "igiVsPC7keQ-01644-00338928-00339206": "if you will and said let's look at all", "igiVsPC7keQ-01645-00339207-00339447": "of the past research that we've produced", "igiVsPC7keQ-01646-00339448-00339630": "over this at this point would have been", "igiVsPC7keQ-01647-00339631-00339806": "seven to eight years", "igiVsPC7keQ-01648-00339807-00339967": "to see what are things that we've", "igiVsPC7keQ-01649-00339968-00340175": "actually learned about", "igiVsPC7keQ-01650-00340176-00340319": "online teacher preparation and", "igiVsPC7keQ-01651-00340320-00340478": "professional development or", "igiVsPC7keQ-01652-00340479-00340775": "about um k-12 online learning with", "igiVsPC7keQ-01653-00340776-00340951": "special learner populations", "igiVsPC7keQ-01654-00340952-00341087": "you know what are the things that", "igiVsPC7keQ-01655-00341088-00341263": "because we've been looking at this now", "igiVsPC7keQ-01656-00341264-00341391": "for seven or eight years", "igiVsPC7keQ-01657-00341392-00341567": "we've got all kinds of data we've", "igiVsPC7keQ-01658-00341568-00341727": "contracted with all of these", "igiVsPC7keQ-01659-00341728-00341934": "uh external researchers to do these", "igiVsPC7keQ-01660-00341935-00342127": "reports what have we actually learned", "igiVsPC7keQ-01661-00342128-00342287": "what are the takeaways", "igiVsPC7keQ-01662-00342288-00342647": "so these reports are in my mind required", "igiVsPC7keQ-01663-00342648-00342910": "reading for anyone that's in this space", "igiVsPC7keQ-01664-00342911-00343095": "and i would start based upon sort of", "igiVsPC7keQ-01665-00343096-00343263": "where you are in this space", "igiVsPC7keQ-01666-00343264-00343439": "you know if you're a special education", "igiVsPC7keQ-01667-00343440-00343654": "teacher look at the special learner", "igiVsPC7keQ-01668-00343655-00343782": "populations one", "igiVsPC7keQ-01669-00343783-00343927": "if you're doing a lot of blended", "igiVsPC7keQ-01670-00343928-00344167": "learning yourself maybe look at the k-12", "igiVsPC7keQ-01671-00344168-00344327": "blended learning one first or the", "igiVsPC7keQ-01672-00344328-00344406": "blended", "igiVsPC7keQ-01673-00344407-00344567": "teaching and professional development", "igiVsPC7keQ-01674-00344568-00344823": "one if you've got supplemental students", "igiVsPC7keQ-01675-00344824-00344943": "at your school", "igiVsPC7keQ-01676-00344944-00345134": "and you're wondering how to support them", "igiVsPC7keQ-01677-00345135-00345423": "the k-12 online or the k-12 on-site", "igiVsPC7keQ-01678-00345424-00345534": "mentoring", "igiVsPC7keQ-01679-00345535-00345758": "report is probably a good starting point", "igiVsPC7keQ-01680-00345759-00345951": "but in all honesty i think all 10 of", "igiVsPC7keQ-01681-00345952-00345999": "these are", "igiVsPC7keQ-01682-00346000-00346182": "worth looking through because they", "igiVsPC7keQ-01683-00346183-00346343": "really have some great", "igiVsPC7keQ-01684-00346344-00346527": "information in there and things that i", "igiVsPC7keQ-01685-00346528-00346695": "think are quite useful", "igiVsPC7keQ-01686-00346696-00346951": "um and it's really important that we do", "igiVsPC7keQ-01687-00346952-00347030": "this because", "igiVsPC7keQ-01688-00347031-00347271": "we know that our programs haven't", "igiVsPC7keQ-01689-00347272-00347439": "prepared us for this you know even if", "igiVsPC7keQ-01690-00347440-00347606": "the pandemic didn't happen", "igiVsPC7keQ-01691-00347607-00347782": "you know we know that next to know and", "igiVsPC7keQ-01692-00347783-00347982": "you can see you know two studies there", "igiVsPC7keQ-01693-00347983-00348134": "at the bottom of how many teacher", "igiVsPC7keQ-01694-00348135-00348310": "education programs actually", "igiVsPC7keQ-01695-00348311-00348591": "focus upon this you know four percent um", "igiVsPC7keQ-01696-00348592-00348919": "that's about one in every 23", "igiVsPC7keQ-01697-00348920-00349143": "so if you happen to be lucky enough to", "igiVsPC7keQ-01698-00349144-00349303": "be at the one of those", "igiVsPC7keQ-01699-00349304-00349558": "23 that did great but for the folks that", "igiVsPC7keQ-01700-00349559-00349623": "attended", "igiVsPC7keQ-01701-00349624-00349927": "one of the other 22 universities um you", "igiVsPC7keQ-01702-00349928-00350063": "know", "igiVsPC7keQ-01703-00350064-00350295": "were left you know without that um even", "igiVsPC7keQ-01704-00350296-00350471": "online programs themselves", "igiVsPC7keQ-01705-00350472-00350703": "uh in in the only really major study", "igiVsPC7keQ-01706-00350704-00350815": "that's been done", "igiVsPC7keQ-01707-00350816-00351023": "of professional development provided to", "igiVsPC7keQ-01708-00351024-00351134": "online programs", "igiVsPC7keQ-01709-00351135-00351391": "found that less than half of them 40 of", "igiVsPC7keQ-01710-00351392-00351447": "them", "igiVsPC7keQ-01711-00351448-00351663": "actually said they got any pd any", "igiVsPC7keQ-01712-00351664-00351815": "professional development professional", "igiVsPC7keQ-01713-00351816-00351863": "learning", "igiVsPC7keQ-01714-00351864-00352071": "about how to teach online before they", "igiVsPC7keQ-01715-00352072-00352343": "had to start teaching online", "igiVsPC7keQ-01716-00352344-00352591": "i mean you know that really makes not a", "igiVsPC7keQ-01717-00352592-00352710": "lot of sense at all", "igiVsPC7keQ-01718-00352711-00352871": "um you know it's not like we would ever", "igiVsPC7keQ-01719-00352872-00353039": "go to you know bring our car to the", "igiVsPC7keQ-01720-00353040-00353119": "garage", "igiVsPC7keQ-01721-00353120-00353327": "and pull in and give it to a mechanic", "igiVsPC7keQ-01722-00353328-00353510": "who is going to learn how to be a", "igiVsPC7keQ-01723-00353511-00353758": "mechanic by working on your engine", "igiVsPC7keQ-01724-00353759-00353934": "right but that's essentially what we've", "igiVsPC7keQ-01725-00353935-00354110": "done with a lot of these online teaching", "igiVsPC7keQ-01726-00354111-00354191": "environments", "igiVsPC7keQ-01727-00354192-00354358": "you know and it's important that we we", "igiVsPC7keQ-01728-00354359-00354527": "think about this because you know while", "igiVsPC7keQ-01729-00354528-00354710": "i talked about these waves", "igiVsPC7keQ-01730-00354711-00354854": "that were happening and the fact that", "igiVsPC7keQ-01731-00354855-00355023": "there could be subsequent waves", "igiVsPC7keQ-01732-00355024-00355151": "we don't know what's going to happen", "igiVsPC7keQ-01733-00355152-00355358": "with the vaccine um so", "igiVsPC7keQ-01734-00355359-00355534": "you know this could become an annual", "igiVsPC7keQ-01735-00355535-00355719": "thing a semi-annual thing", "igiVsPC7keQ-01736-00355720-00355895": "um you know it's really important to", "igiVsPC7keQ-01737-00355896-00356134": "sort of know and you know the fact that", "igiVsPC7keQ-01738-00356135-00356215": "we could have", "igiVsPC7keQ-01739-00356216-00356454": "another pandemic i mean based on our", "igiVsPC7keQ-01740-00356455-00356582": "current trajectory", "igiVsPC7keQ-01741-00356583-00356799": "we we should be expecting another one in", "igiVsPC7keQ-01742-00356800-00356919": "the next four years", "igiVsPC7keQ-01743-00356920-00357223": "because we've had five and 21 years so", "igiVsPC7keQ-01744-00357224-00357367": "next four four and a half years would be", "igiVsPC7keQ-01745-00357368-00357543": "the one the next one comes around", "igiVsPC7keQ-01746-00357544-00357703": "but you know it's important to remember", "igiVsPC7keQ-01747-00357704-00357887": "some of these because you know if you", "igiVsPC7keQ-01748-00357888-00358263": "look at you know one of the things we", "igiVsPC7keQ-01749-00358264-00358478": "base a lot of this on is what we see", "igiVsPC7keQ-01750-00358479-00358567": "from history", "igiVsPC7keQ-01751-00358568-00358854": "you know so this is the spanish flu", "igiVsPC7keQ-01752-00358855-00358943": "trajectory", "igiVsPC7keQ-01753-00358944-00359134": "and you can see kind of like you've seen", "igiVsPC7keQ-01754-00359135-00359247": "now with the", "igiVsPC7keQ-01755-00359248-00359519": "covid19 you know there have been three", "igiVsPC7keQ-01756-00359520-00359695": "distinct waves", "igiVsPC7keQ-01757-00359696-00360006": "does anyone know what happened after", "igiVsPC7keQ-01758-00360007-00360199": "this chart runs out so this chart runs", "igiVsPC7keQ-01759-00360200-00360327": "out by the looks of it", "igiVsPC7keQ-01760-00360328-00360895": "in may of um in may of 1919", "igiVsPC7keQ-01761-00360896-00361247": "what happens to the spanish flu after", "igiVsPC7keQ-01762-00361248-00361919": "may of 1919", "igiVsPC7keQ-01763-00361920-00362134": "not seen anything come in the chat i was", "igiVsPC7keQ-01764-00362135-00362287": "just pausing a little bit for both", "igiVsPC7keQ-01765-00362288-00362454": "dramatics plus to see", "igiVsPC7keQ-01766-00362455-00362695": "um if someone came in either the chat", "igiVsPC7keQ-01767-00362696-00362934": "look at it", "igiVsPC7keQ-01768-00362935-00363239": "basically it mutated to a much", "igiVsPC7keQ-01769-00363240-00363606": "less lethal form and because", "igiVsPC7keQ-01770-00363607-00363799": "a bunch of folks up in the swiss alps", "igiVsPC7keQ-01771-00363800-00364006": "who had the spanish flu", "igiVsPC7keQ-01772-00364007-00364263": "were discovered about three decades ago", "igiVsPC7keQ-01773-00364264-00364423": "we've been actually able to", "igiVsPC7keQ-01774-00364424-00364815": "get the sequencing from this", "igiVsPC7keQ-01775-00364816-00365030": "we know that one of the things that's", "igiVsPC7keQ-01776-00365031-00365254": "happened is that it's just continued", "igiVsPC7keQ-01777-00365255-00365399": "with us", "igiVsPC7keQ-01778-00365400-00365639": "the seasonal flu that we get vaccine", "igiVsPC7keQ-01779-00365640-00365847": "that we get vaccinated for every year", "igiVsPC7keQ-01780-00365848-00366191": "that is this spanish flu continuing on", "igiVsPC7keQ-01781-00366192-00366358": "through to today", "igiVsPC7keQ-01782-00366359-00366599": "right we don't you know so we don't know", "igiVsPC7keQ-01783-00366600-00366758": "what's going to happen with covet", "igiVsPC7keQ-01784-00366759-00366951": "we don't know if it's going to mutate to", "igiVsPC7keQ-01785-00366952-00367143": "something much more", "igiVsPC7keQ-01786-00367144-00367519": "you know accessible and transmissible", "igiVsPC7keQ-01787-00367520-00367695": "and much more dangerous we don't know if", "igiVsPC7keQ-01788-00367696-00367927": "it's going to transmit you know mutate", "igiVsPC7keQ-01789-00367928-00368054": "into something that's much less", "igiVsPC7keQ-01790-00368055-00368263": "dangerous like the seasonal flu", "igiVsPC7keQ-01791-00368264-00368487": "that the the spanish flu turned into so", "igiVsPC7keQ-01792-00368488-00368623": "we've got to be ready for some of these", "igiVsPC7keQ-01793-00368624-00368734": "things we've got to make sure our", "igiVsPC7keQ-01794-00368735-00368871": "teachers are aware", "igiVsPC7keQ-01795-00368872-00369071": "of all of these things because that's", "igiVsPC7keQ-01796-00369072-00369182": "something that's going to become", "igiVsPC7keQ-01797-00369183-00369271": "important to us", "igiVsPC7keQ-01798-00369272-00369471": "um you know so we've got to be ready for", "igiVsPC7keQ-01799-00369472-00369703": "these phases and to be able to implement", "igiVsPC7keQ-01800-00369704-00370030": "this aspect again um and it's not like", "igiVsPC7keQ-01801-00370031-00370078": "we", "igiVsPC7keQ-01802-00370079-00370271": "we haven't been talking about this for a", "igiVsPC7keQ-01803-00370272-00370463": "while um you know we've been talking now", "igiVsPC7keQ-01804-00370464-00370591": "for about a decade", "igiVsPC7keQ-01805-00370592-00370895": "about using online learning to for short", "igiVsPC7keQ-01806-00370896-00370943": "term", "igiVsPC7keQ-01807-00370944-00371247": "closures like snow days we've seen", "igiVsPC7keQ-01808-00371248-00371543": "in certain cases where some form of", "igiVsPC7keQ-01809-00371544-00371671": "distance education", "igiVsPC7keQ-01810-00371672-00371991": "has been used to provide some continuity", "igiVsPC7keQ-01811-00371992-00372078": "of learning", "igiVsPC7keQ-01812-00372079-00372278": "uh in natural disasters and while the", "igiVsPC7keQ-01813-00372279-00372478": "u.s hurricane season is not the greatest", "igiVsPC7keQ-01814-00372479-00372567": "example", "igiVsPC7keQ-01815-00372568-00372687": "because they haven't had a great deal of", "igiVsPC7keQ-01816-00372688-00372887": "success with that", "igiVsPC7keQ-01817-00372888-00373015": "the earthquakes that they had in new", "igiVsPC7keQ-01818-00373016-00373254": "zealand in 2009 or 2011", "igiVsPC7keQ-01819-00373255-00373430": "were actually exceptional examples of", "igiVsPC7keQ-01820-00373431-00373647": "that because with the exception of the", "igiVsPC7keQ-01821-00373648-00373839": "fact that they had to close schools for", "igiVsPC7keQ-01822-00373840-00373934": "a little bit", "igiVsPC7keQ-01823-00373935-00374151": "to figure out which ones they could open", "igiVsPC7keQ-01824-00374152-00374399": "um it did really provide a good sense of", "igiVsPC7keQ-01825-00374400-00374639": "continuity of learning even though", "igiVsPC7keQ-01826-00374640-00374775": "there were less than half in", "igiVsPC7keQ-01827-00374776-00374999": "christchurch that they were able to", "igiVsPC7keQ-01828-00375000-00375367": "reopen because of the work that they had", "igiVsPC7keQ-01829-00375368-00375502": "done with distance learning", "igiVsPC7keQ-01830-00375503-00375647": "they were able to continue to provide", "igiVsPC7keQ-01831-00375648-00375878": "some continuity of learning", "igiVsPC7keQ-01832-00375879-00376102": "um you know and this is something that", "igiVsPC7keQ-01833-00376103-00376271": "even with the online tools that we've", "igiVsPC7keQ-01834-00376272-00376310": "done", "igiVsPC7keQ-01835-00376311-00376430": "you know i mentioned those other", "igiVsPC7keQ-01836-00376431-00376671": "pandemics that we've had in this", "igiVsPC7keQ-01837-00376672-00376982": "century um you know things like h1n1", "igiVsPC7keQ-01838-00376983-00377302": "and swine flu sars mers", "igiVsPC7keQ-01839-00377303-00377695": "you know those have been the", "igiVsPC7keQ-01840-00377696-00377975": "precursor if you will or the spark that", "igiVsPC7keQ-01841-00377976-00378071": "have started", "igiVsPC7keQ-01842-00378072-00378406": "a lot of other jurisdictions for coming", "igiVsPC7keQ-01843-00378407-00378582": "up with ways to make sure that", "igiVsPC7keQ-01844-00378583-00378823": "both teachers and well as well as school", "igiVsPC7keQ-01845-00378824-00378902": "systems", "igiVsPC7keQ-01846-00378903-00379087": "were prepared for these kinds of", "igiVsPC7keQ-01847-00379088-00379247": "closures and", "igiVsPC7keQ-01848-00379248-00379447": "you know now that we've gone through", "igiVsPC7keQ-01849-00379448-00379654": "this once because we were largely", "igiVsPC7keQ-01850-00379655-00379847": "unaffected by many of those", "igiVsPC7keQ-01851-00379848-00380143": "earlier pandemics that you know hong", "igiVsPC7keQ-01852-00380144-00380319": "kong is probably the best example here", "igiVsPC7keQ-01853-00380320-00380367": "because", "igiVsPC7keQ-01854-00380368-00380519": "they've been affected it seems by just", "igiVsPC7keQ-01855-00380520-00380695": "about every one of these pandemics and", "igiVsPC7keQ-01856-00380696-00380799": "had to shut down", "igiVsPC7keQ-01857-00380800-00380951": "for a certain period of time and each", "igiVsPC7keQ-01858-00380952-00381191": "time they have they've learned more", "igiVsPC7keQ-01859-00381192-00381287": "about how to", "igiVsPC7keQ-01860-00381288-00381510": "use the tools to continue with that", "igiVsPC7keQ-01861-00381511-00381695": "continuity of learning", "igiVsPC7keQ-01862-00381696-00382087": "um you know because i've always found it", "igiVsPC7keQ-01863-00382088-00382351": "interesting about how surprised we were", "igiVsPC7keQ-01864-00382352-00382495": "around a lot of this", "igiVsPC7keQ-01865-00382496-00382823": "um you know this is a 2016 article and", "igiVsPC7keQ-01866-00382824-00383047": "you can see the things that you know the", "igiVsPC7keQ-01867-00383048-00383191": "five areas that", "igiVsPC7keQ-01868-00383192-00383454": "you know five years ago this team of of", "igiVsPC7keQ-01869-00383455-00383606": "researchers were telling us", "igiVsPC7keQ-01870-00383607-00383934": "we needed to figure out um does any of", "igiVsPC7keQ-01871-00383935-00384143": "those five things sound familiar to the", "igiVsPC7keQ-01872-00384144-00384230": "experience", "igiVsPC7keQ-01873-00384231-00384527": "you guys have had in the past 13 months", "igiVsPC7keQ-01874-00384528-00384567": "you know", "igiVsPC7keQ-01875-00384568-00384799": "these are the the issues that we need to", "igiVsPC7keQ-01876-00384800-00384910": "to address", "igiVsPC7keQ-01877-00384911-00385223": "um and those schools that really had", "igiVsPC7keQ-01878-00385224-00385367": "access to some of those", "igiVsPC7keQ-01879-00385368-00385663": "older forms i mean i'm using examples", "igiVsPC7keQ-01880-00385664-00385854": "from previous pandemics of how they've", "igiVsPC7keQ-01881-00385855-00385958": "used", "igiVsPC7keQ-01882-00385959-00386302": "legacy technologies but the la school", "igiVsPC7keQ-01883-00386303-00386527": "district signed an agreement with", "igiVsPC7keQ-01884-00386528-00386782": "their local pbs to provide instructional", "igiVsPC7keQ-01885-00386783-00386878": "programming", "igiVsPC7keQ-01886-00386879-00387087": "throughout the day in new zealand that", "igiVsPC7keQ-01887-00387088-00387263": "correspondent school that's referenced", "igiVsPC7keQ-01888-00387264-00387430": "with the polio epidemic", "igiVsPC7keQ-01889-00387431-00387663": "actually stepped in and provided an", "igiVsPC7keQ-01890-00387664-00387815": "extensive amount", "igiVsPC7keQ-01891-00387816-00388127": "of materials and tools to students", "igiVsPC7keQ-01892-00388128-00388343": "when this pandemic happened um you know", "igiVsPC7keQ-01893-00388344-00388527": "so you've got a lot of things that", "igiVsPC7keQ-01894-00388528-00388815": "could be happening that some people had", "igiVsPC7keQ-01895-00388816-00388863": "done", "igiVsPC7keQ-01896-00388864-00389134": "in very small ways and you can see the", "igiVsPC7keQ-01897-00389135-00389254": "the articles here", "igiVsPC7keQ-01898-00389255-00389534": "uh the one on the far left references", "igiVsPC7keQ-01899-00389535-00389623": "the uh", "igiVsPC7keQ-01900-00389624-00389975": "l.a times and the the pbs agreement", "igiVsPC7keQ-01901-00389976-00390134": "uh the one from australia there is", "igiVsPC7keQ-01902-00390135-00390295": "looking at the schools of the air which", "igiVsPC7keQ-01903-00390296-00390463": "were educational radio", "igiVsPC7keQ-01904-00390464-00390743": "program uh programming that they used", "igiVsPC7keQ-01905-00390744-00390799": "that is still", "igiVsPC7keQ-01906-00390800-00391047": "used extensively for distance education", "igiVsPC7keQ-01907-00391048-00391230": "you know sending out packets", "igiVsPC7keQ-01908-00391231-00391463": "available to folks all of these things", "igiVsPC7keQ-01909-00391464-00391606": "are things that", "igiVsPC7keQ-01910-00391607-00391775": "you know we could have done this time", "igiVsPC7keQ-01911-00391776-00391991": "around and for a lot of our students", "igiVsPC7keQ-01912-00391992-00392191": "that were challenged with connectivity", "igiVsPC7keQ-01913-00392192-00392319": "and devices", "igiVsPC7keQ-01914-00392320-00392471": "these are the types of things that might", "igiVsPC7keQ-01915-00392472-00392687": "have made a difference to those students", "igiVsPC7keQ-01916-00392688-00392878": "you know so again i keep coming back and", "igiVsPC7keQ-01917-00392879-00393095": "saying we've got to be ready for this", "igiVsPC7keQ-01918-00393096-00393278": "um you know we've got to plan for this", "igiVsPC7keQ-01919-00393279-00393399": "now because while we're", "igiVsPC7keQ-01920-00393400-00393671": "almost out of this way you know this", "igiVsPC7keQ-01921-00393672-00393854": "particular foxhole that we're in", "igiVsPC7keQ-01922-00393855-00394006": "there's going to be another foxhole that", "igiVsPC7keQ-01923-00394007-00394151": "we're all going to have to dive into at", "igiVsPC7keQ-01924-00394152-00394230": "some point", "igiVsPC7keQ-01925-00394231-00394439": "um so we've got to be ready for when", "igiVsPC7keQ-01926-00394440-00394591": "that happens", "igiVsPC7keQ-01927-00394592-00394919": "um before i sort of transition um", "igiVsPC7keQ-01928-00394920-00395119": "i know we've got another session coming", "igiVsPC7keQ-01929-00395120-00395263": "up i think", "igiVsPC7keQ-01930-00395264-00395471": "um well this one i believe ends in 10", "igiVsPC7keQ-01931-00395472-00395567": "minutes", "igiVsPC7keQ-01932-00395568-00395758": "um and then there's a conversation", "igiVsPC7keQ-01933-00395759-00395878": "session happening", "igiVsPC7keQ-01934-00395879-00396182": "where we can have a uh some more free", "igiVsPC7keQ-01935-00396183-00396406": "flow not in the webinar format but", "igiVsPC7keQ-01936-00396407-00396702": "i've been watching through the chat and", "igiVsPC7keQ-01937-00396703-00396863": "i haven't seen any questions coming", "igiVsPC7keQ-01938-00396864-00396982": "through yet but i'm", "igiVsPC7keQ-01939-00396983-00397271": "wondering if folks do have questions", "igiVsPC7keQ-01940-00397272-00397415": "along the way and dave you can let me", "igiVsPC7keQ-01941-00397416-00397630": "know if i've missed anything that", "igiVsPC7keQ-01942-00397631-00397967": "has been happening yes uh michael there", "igiVsPC7keQ-01943-00397968-00398167": "was a question about that instrument you", "igiVsPC7keQ-01944-00398168-00398327": "talked about and they were asking you", "igiVsPC7keQ-01945-00398328-00398727": "if that instrument had been validated", "igiVsPC7keQ-01946-00398728-00399023": "yes so the um just go this way so i can", "igiVsPC7keQ-01947-00399024-00399199": "actually look at folks here now", "igiVsPC7keQ-01948-00399200-00399367": "um i guess i can't look at folks but at", "igiVsPC7keQ-01949-00399368-00399527": "least folks can look at me you can see", "igiVsPC7keQ-01950-00399528-00399678": "the the orange shirt i was", "igiVsPC7keQ-01951-00399679-00399991": "uh talking about uh yes so the the", "igiVsPC7keQ-01952-00399992-00400278": "four star the three studies that rob lee", "igiVsPC7keQ-01953-00400279-00400415": "and her team did", "igiVsPC7keQ-01954-00400416-00400687": "were all validation studies in one it", "igiVsPC7keQ-01955-00400688-00400791": "was found to have", "igiVsPC7keQ-01956-00400792-00401127": "a uh reliability of 0.92", "igiVsPC7keQ-01957-00401128-00401367": "the other one um the second one it was", "igiVsPC7keQ-01958-00401368-00401671": "0.96 and the third one was 0.95", "igiVsPC7keQ-01959-00401672-00401847": "so that's why i said that you know it", "igiVsPC7keQ-01960-00401848-00402015": "had it", "igiVsPC7keQ-01961-00402016-00402375": "could reliably predict between 92 to", "igiVsPC7keQ-01962-00402376-00402791": "96 of the students that would um", "igiVsPC7keQ-01963-00402792-00403015": "pass or fail would have success or", "igiVsPC7keQ-01964-00403016-00403239": "failure in an online course", "igiVsPC7keQ-01965-00403240-00403415": "and the instrument is actually an open", "igiVsPC7keQ-01966-00403416-00403558": "access one um", "igiVsPC7keQ-01967-00403559-00403806": "i can't remember which of rob lia's uh", "igiVsPC7keQ-01968-00403807-00403895": "tools", "igiVsPC7keQ-01969-00403896-00404078": "or which of her articles have it in but", "igiVsPC7keQ-01970-00404079-00404302": "i think they're all published behind pay", "igiVsPC7keQ-01971-00404303-00404367": "walls but", "igiVsPC7keQ-01972-00404368-00404710": "i can and let me", "igiVsPC7keQ-01973-00404711-00405087": "push it out here um in the chat here", "igiVsPC7keQ-01974-00405088-00405199": "i'll", "igiVsPC7keQ-01975-00405200-00405510": "there's a former doc student of mine by", "igiVsPC7keQ-01976-00405511-00405734": "the name of jason psycho", "igiVsPC7keQ-01977-00405735-00406127": "um s-i-k-o and", "igiVsPC7keQ-01978-00406128-00406463": "i'm not dave hopefully you can i'll put", "igiVsPC7keQ-01979-00406464-00406615": "it in the chat in here because i can't", "igiVsPC7keQ-01980-00406616-00406878": "seem to get the spot that", "igiVsPC7keQ-01981-00406879-00407215": "but if you were to google jason cycle", "igiVsPC7keQ-01982-00407216-00407502": "esprit espri", "igiVsPC7keQ-01983-00407503-00407806": "that will actually uh bring up an open", "igiVsPC7keQ-01984-00407807-00407999": "access article that jason", "igiVsPC7keQ-01985-00408000-00408351": "uh published using this particular", "igiVsPC7keQ-01986-00408352-00408751": "instrument and in the um", "igiVsPC7keQ-01987-00408752-00408958": "in the appendices i think it's appendix", "igiVsPC7keQ-01988-00408959-00409127": "a because i think there's multiple ones", "igiVsPC7keQ-01989-00409128-00409175": "in there", "igiVsPC7keQ-01990-00409176-00409399": "he actually has the 25 question", "igiVsPC7keQ-01991-00409400-00409534": "instrument in there", "igiVsPC7keQ-01992-00409535-00409799": "um and off as well the article can help", "igiVsPC7keQ-01993-00409800-00409863": "you do", "igiVsPC7keQ-01994-00409864-00410055": "figure out how to actually analyze it", "igiVsPC7keQ-01995-00410056-00410199": "but you get a copy of the instrument", "igiVsPC7keQ-01996-00410200-00410263": "that way", "igiVsPC7keQ-01997-00410264-00410559": "whereas with uh margaret's stuff most of", "igiVsPC7keQ-01998-00410560-00411039": "it is published behind paywall", "igiVsPC7keQ-01999-00411039-00411351": "um i see cynthia or sorry carmelita's", "igiVsPC7keQ-02000-00411352-00411478": "made a comment about", "igiVsPC7keQ-02001-00411479-00411743": "um that it would be good for there's a", "igiVsPC7keQ-02002-00411743-00411863": "lot of", "igiVsPC7keQ-02003-00411864-00412063": "potential studies for folks that might", "igiVsPC7keQ-02004-00412064-00412191": "be interested in", "igiVsPC7keQ-02005-00412192-00412374": "she uses the term doctoral candidates", "igiVsPC7keQ-02006-00412375-00412503": "for their dissertations", "igiVsPC7keQ-02007-00412504-00412759": "um i'd also say for for master's uh", "igiVsPC7keQ-02008-00412760-00412934": "students that have to do a thesis", "igiVsPC7keQ-02009-00412935-00413295": "or some sort of capstone project because", "igiVsPC7keQ-02010-00413296-00413487": "you could a lot of this could be done in", "igiVsPC7keQ-02011-00413488-00413687": "an action research kind of way", "igiVsPC7keQ-02012-00413688-00413943": "so for those of you that may be um you", "igiVsPC7keQ-02013-00413943-00414159": "know doing your masters now and and you", "igiVsPC7keQ-02014-00414160-00414366": "you have to do a capstone or thesis", "igiVsPC7keQ-02015-00414367-00414574": "project doing it with your own class", "igiVsPC7keQ-02016-00414575-00414630": "where", "igiVsPC7keQ-02017-00414631-00414895": "you take some of these strategies that", "igiVsPC7keQ-02018-00414896-00414959": "have", "igiVsPC7keQ-02019-00414960-00415287": "uh that have shown some initial promise", "igiVsPC7keQ-02020-00415288-00415534": "and uh implementing in your classroom", "igiVsPC7keQ-02021-00415535-00415678": "and collecting some data", "igiVsPC7keQ-02022-00415679-00416047": "around how it went and then", "igiVsPC7keQ-02023-00416047-00416255": "you know making adjustments based upon", "igiVsPC7keQ-02024-00416256-00416351": "how it went", "igiVsPC7keQ-02025-00416352-00416518": "so that you can implement it again and", "igiVsPC7keQ-02026-00416519-00416703": "you can sort of refine what you're doing", "igiVsPC7keQ-02027-00416704-00416751": "so", "igiVsPC7keQ-02028-00416752-00416934": "that by the time you you finish your", "igiVsPC7keQ-02029-00416935-00417087": "thesis or your capstone", "igiVsPC7keQ-02030-00417088-00417222": "you actually have some sort of", "igiVsPC7keQ-02031-00417223-00417463": "pedagogical practice or pedagogical", "igiVsPC7keQ-02032-00417464-00417655": "strategy that you've used in", "igiVsPC7keQ-02033-00417656-00417926": "in your classroom in a blended or online", "igiVsPC7keQ-02034-00417927-00418007": "format", "igiVsPC7keQ-02035-00418008-00418222": "that you've really found that with your", "igiVsPC7keQ-02036-00418223-00418455": "particular students in your context", "igiVsPC7keQ-02037-00418456-00418630": "this is the way i need to do it in order", "igiVsPC7keQ-02038-00418631-00418934": "to have success and you know so", "igiVsPC7keQ-02039-00418935-00419103": "for a lot of these i think that's a good", "igiVsPC7keQ-02040-00419104-00419255": "model and even for", "igiVsPC7keQ-02041-00419256-00419414": "your own teacher professional learning", "igiVsPC7keQ-02042-00419415-00419695": "so if you're not in a graduate program", "igiVsPC7keQ-02043-00419696-00419799": "you know you've already got your", "igiVsPC7keQ-02044-00419800-00419887": "master's and", "igiVsPC7keQ-02045-00419888-00420110": "you know no you you're never going back", "igiVsPC7keQ-02046-00420112-00420239": "and doing a doctor", "igiVsPC7keQ-02047-00420239-00420439": "um you know there's no you don't need it", "igiVsPC7keQ-02048-00420439-00420575": "or you just have no interest in her", "igiVsPC7keQ-02049-00420576-00420695": "you're like my wife", "igiVsPC7keQ-02050-00420696-00420870": "where you know the masters was just so", "igiVsPC7keQ-02051-00420871-00421095": "painful that she would never go back and", "igiVsPC7keQ-02052-00421096-00421287": "and willingly subject herself to more of", "igiVsPC7keQ-02053-00421288-00421510": "this stuff", "igiVsPC7keQ-02054-00421512-00421670": "there's no reason why you can't do this", "igiVsPC7keQ-02055-00421671-00422007": "on your own i mean it's easy enough to", "igiVsPC7keQ-02056-00422008-00422310": "sit down and sort of plan out", "igiVsPC7keQ-02057-00422312-00422639": "um you know i'm going to attack", "igiVsPC7keQ-02058-00422639-00422870": "this particular problem that i'm having", "igiVsPC7keQ-02059-00422871-00423007": "in my class and", "igiVsPC7keQ-02060-00423008-00423191": "based upon some of the things i found", "igiVsPC7keQ-02061-00423192-00423351": "with the michigan virtual or", "igiVsPC7keQ-02062-00423352-00423607": "maybe something in that 13 you know that", "igiVsPC7keQ-02063-00423608-00423775": "lessons learned book or something i got", "igiVsPC7keQ-02064-00423776-00423983": "from the virtual high school", "igiVsPC7keQ-02065-00423984-00424159": "research that's been done i'm going to", "igiVsPC7keQ-02066-00424160-00424399": "try this you know and if you do it as", "igiVsPC7keQ-02067-00424400-00424622": "a team so you get like three or four", "igiVsPC7keQ-02068-00424623-00424751": "teachers at your school", "igiVsPC7keQ-02069-00424752-00424927": "not necessarily all attacking the same", "igiVsPC7keQ-02070-00424928-00425055": "problem but all", "igiVsPC7keQ-02071-00425056-00425327": "going through the same process you know", "igiVsPC7keQ-02072-00425328-00425487": "and you're each attacking your own", "igiVsPC7keQ-02073-00425488-00425687": "individual personal problem but you're", "igiVsPC7keQ-02074-00425688-00425855": "doing it in a systematic way and", "igiVsPC7keQ-02075-00425856-00425943": "collecting", "igiVsPC7keQ-02076-00425943-00426151": "data that you know hopefully will help", "igiVsPC7keQ-02077-00426152-00426327": "you answer some of your questions", "igiVsPC7keQ-02078-00426328-00426518": "and allow you to refine whatever it is", "igiVsPC7keQ-02079-00426519-00426814": "you're trying so that you can actually", "igiVsPC7keQ-02080-00426815-00427007": "improve what it is you're doing and", "igiVsPC7keQ-02081-00427008-00427183": "provide a better quality of experience", "igiVsPC7keQ-02082-00427184-00427614": "for your students", "igiVsPC7keQ-02083-00427615-00427870": "and we do have a few more minutes for a", "igiVsPC7keQ-02084-00427871-00428039": "few questions while you're putting those", "igiVsPC7keQ-02085-00428039-00428118": "in there", "igiVsPC7keQ-02086-00428119-00428343": "before you leave our session today", "igiVsPC7keQ-02087-00428343-00428543": "please go over and click on the polls", "igiVsPC7keQ-02088-00428543-00428718": "and give us a rating for our session", "igiVsPC7keQ-02089-00428719-00428863": "today too we'd like to", "igiVsPC7keQ-02090-00428864-00429022": "see what you thought of it and all of", "igiVsPC7keQ-02091-00429023-00429166": "that before we leave so", "igiVsPC7keQ-02092-00429167-00429343": "go ahead and put those questions in we", "igiVsPC7keQ-02093-00429343-00429510": "do have a few more minutes before we", "igiVsPC7keQ-02094-00429512-00429655": "will go then to our", "igiVsPC7keQ-02095-00429656-00429991": "uh next session which starts here at", "igiVsPC7keQ-02096-00429992-00430039": "looks like", "igiVsPC7keQ-02097-00430039-00430399": "5 15 eastern time for our virtual", "igiVsPC7keQ-02098-00430400-00430495": "engagement", "igiVsPC7keQ-02099-00430496-00430814": "so please add those questions in yeah", "igiVsPC7keQ-02100-00430815-00430975": "i think we've got about three minutes", "igiVsPC7keQ-02101-00430976-00431239": "left so that gives you a chance and and", "igiVsPC7keQ-02102-00431239-00431455": "hopefully i'll see some of you in the", "igiVsPC7keQ-02103-00431456-00431655": "the the next session in the conversation", "igiVsPC7keQ-02104-00431656-00431783": "session where i'll actually be able to", "igiVsPC7keQ-02105-00431784-00431855": "see you", "igiVsPC7keQ-02106-00431856-00432014": "in that particular session because i", "igiVsPC7keQ-02107-00432015-00432159": "think we're in the meeting format as", "igiVsPC7keQ-02108-00432160-00432351": "opposed to the webinar format there so", "igiVsPC7keQ-02109-00432352-00432495": "it'll be a little bit more back and", "igiVsPC7keQ-02110-00432496-00432670": "forth and a little bit easier to", "igiVsPC7keQ-02111-00432671-00432959": "sort of interact well seeing that there", "igiVsPC7keQ-02112-00432960-00433039": "are no", "igiVsPC7keQ-02113-00433039-00433287": "questions coming in at the moment did", "igiVsPC7keQ-02114-00433288-00433431": "you want to give any", "igiVsPC7keQ-02115-00433432-00433743": "final comments or thoughts before we", "igiVsPC7keQ-02116-00433743-00434118": "wrap everything up um i i guess", "igiVsPC7keQ-02117-00434119-00434270": "actually that's that's a wonderful lean", "igiVsPC7keQ-02118-00434271-00434470": "indeed because i i there was something i", "igiVsPC7keQ-02119-00434471-00434510": "was", "igiVsPC7keQ-02120-00434512-00434663": "going to include at the end of my thing", "igiVsPC7keQ-02121-00434664-00434814": "but i thought i wanted to make sure i", "igiVsPC7keQ-02122-00434815-00434975": "had time for folks to have questions so", "igiVsPC7keQ-02123-00434976-00435063": "i didn't", "igiVsPC7keQ-02124-00435064-00435335": "so that's a wonderful lead into this um", "igiVsPC7keQ-02125-00435335-00435487": "you know i i said a couple of times", "igiVsPC7keQ-02126-00435488-00435599": "throughout the session that you know we", "igiVsPC7keQ-02127-00435600-00435751": "can start to see the light at the end of", "igiVsPC7keQ-02128-00435752-00435870": "the tunnel here", "igiVsPC7keQ-02129-00435871-00436095": "um you know and but i've also tried to", "igiVsPC7keQ-02130-00436096-00436191": "stress that", "igiVsPC7keQ-02131-00436192-00436359": "there's a lot we still don't know about", "igiVsPC7keQ-02132-00436360-00436535": "what's coming down the pike", "igiVsPC7keQ-02133-00436535-00436727": "and when it comes to these type of", "igiVsPC7keQ-02134-00436728-00436951": "things i'm by no means an expert", "igiVsPC7keQ-02135-00436952-00437087": "uh you know when it comes to public", "igiVsPC7keQ-02136-00437088-00437279": "health and virology and all those other", "igiVsPC7keQ-02137-00437280-00437375": "things that", "igiVsPC7keQ-02138-00437376-00437559": "my colleagues at toro who because we're", "igiVsPC7keQ-02139-00437560-00437687": "mainly in medical school we'll be able", "igiVsPC7keQ-02140-00437688-00437870": "to tell you a lot more about", "igiVsPC7keQ-02141-00437871-00438110": "um you know i i do what the rest of you", "igiVsPC7keQ-02142-00438112-00438207": "guys do you know i", "igiVsPC7keQ-02143-00438208-00438422": "i watch the news i listen to the experts", "igiVsPC7keQ-02144-00438423-00438599": "and you know when it comes to", "igiVsPC7keQ-02145-00438600-00438855": "you know the experts i think in the us", "igiVsPC7keQ-02146-00438856-00439063": "you know dr fauci is probably", "igiVsPC7keQ-02147-00439064-00439247": "the one that we've come to to trust the", "igiVsPC7keQ-02148-00439247-00439391": "most and you know in", "igiVsPC7keQ-02149-00439392-00439663": "in the fall he was quoted as saying in", "igiVsPC7keQ-02150-00439664-00439822": "in an interview i think it was with", "igiVsPC7keQ-02151-00439823-00440151": "msnbc you know he said i think it will", "igiVsPC7keQ-02152-00440152-00440231": "easily be", "igiVsPC7keQ-02153-00440232-00440518": "the end of 2021 and perhaps even into", "igiVsPC7keQ-02154-00440519-00440583": "the next", "igiVsPC7keQ-02155-00440584-00440879": "year before we start to have some", "igiVsPC7keQ-02156-00440880-00441095": "semblance of normalty", "igiVsPC7keQ-02157-00441096-00441399": "or normality sorry um you know so that's", "igiVsPC7keQ-02158-00441400-00441735": "still a fair amount into our next", "igiVsPC7keQ-02159-00441735-00441991": "school year um you know because i'm", "igiVsPC7keQ-02160-00441992-00442070": "canadian", "igiVsPC7keQ-02161-00442071-00442231": "i always like to give the canadian", "igiVsPC7keQ-02162-00442232-00442439": "reference uh our version of dr", "igiVsPC7keQ-02163-00442439-00442607": "fauti our chief public health officer", "igiVsPC7keQ-02164-00442608-00442855": "for canada dr theresa tam", "igiVsPC7keQ-02165-00442856-00443063": "over the summer it was late july early", "igiVsPC7keQ-02166-00443064-00443159": "august", "igiVsPC7keQ-02167-00443160-00443318": "she said and i think what was really a", "igiVsPC7keQ-02168-00443319-00443551": "nice canadian way of saying it", "igiVsPC7keQ-02169-00443552-00443718": "she said canadians should expect to live", "igiVsPC7keQ-02170-00443719-00443943": "with the current inconveniences", "igiVsPC7keQ-02171-00443943-00444166": "for the next two to three years i", "igiVsPC7keQ-02172-00444167-00444343": "thought current inconveniences was just", "igiVsPC7keQ-02173-00444343-00444510": "a nice way of saying", "igiVsPC7keQ-02174-00444512-00444759": "you know social distancing masking some", "igiVsPC7keQ-02175-00444760-00444959": "of the other protections that", "igiVsPC7keQ-02176-00444960-00445239": "we've seen put in place into schools", "igiVsPC7keQ-02177-00445239-00445407": "some form of hybrid learning", "igiVsPC7keQ-02178-00445408-00445670": "knowing that we might have to jump into", "igiVsPC7keQ-02179-00445671-00445903": "an online format for a short period of", "igiVsPC7keQ-02180-00445904-00445975": "time", "igiVsPC7keQ-02181-00445976-00446222": "um you know because it it might not", "igiVsPC7keQ-02182-00446223-00446414": "happen but if we have the expectation", "igiVsPC7keQ-02183-00446415-00446527": "that it could", "igiVsPC7keQ-02184-00446528-00446775": "then we can be prepared for it to happen", "igiVsPC7keQ-02185-00446776-00447014": "um you know so i think those are", "igiVsPC7keQ-02186-00447015-00447279": "uh some of the the things i'd uh leave", "igiVsPC7keQ-02187-00447280-00447455": "you with now that we've probably got", "igiVsPC7keQ-02188-00447456-00447647": "about 30 seconds and", "igiVsPC7keQ-02189-00447647-00447822": "still with no questions i'm going to", "igiVsPC7keQ-02190-00447823-00447991": "assume that i'll chat with some of you", "igiVsPC7keQ-02191-00447992-00448270": "in about 15 minutes that's correct", "igiVsPC7keQ-02192-00448271-00448470": "well thank you dr barbara for being here", "igiVsPC7keQ-02193-00448471-00448663": "and sharing all your knowledge there", "igiVsPC7keQ-02194-00448664-00448870": "were some great comments in the chat", "igiVsPC7keQ-02195-00448871-00449103": "about some things that they have learned", "igiVsPC7keQ-02196-00449104-00449343": "and they were really excited to", "igiVsPC7keQ-02197-00449343-00449535": "see that we're going to go ahead and", "igiVsPC7keQ-02198-00449535-00449751": "close out this session we'll see you", "igiVsPC7keQ-02199-00449752-00450007": "in about 15 minutes over in our", "igiVsPC7keQ-02200-00450008-00450127": "networking session", "igiVsPC7keQ-02201-00450128-00450359": "and again yes we get to be on camera we", "igiVsPC7keQ-02202-00450360-00450510": "get to talk to each other", "igiVsPC7keQ-02203-00450512-00450655": "and all of those types of things so", "igiVsPC7keQ-02204-00450656-00450855": "thank you for joining us and we'll see", "igiVsPC7keQ-02205-00450856-00450927": "you again", "igiVsPC7keQ-02206-00450928-00451103": "remember this recording will be", "igiVsPC7keQ-02207-00451104-00451351": "available give it some time to process", "igiVsPC7keQ-02208-00451352-00451535": "because this was an hour and a half so", "igiVsPC7keQ-02209-00451535-00451775": "let it process come back to the", "igiVsPC7keQ-02210-00451776-00451991": "website look on there and you'll see the", "igiVsPC7keQ-02211-00451992-00452166": "recording so we'll see you in a few", "igiVsPC7keQ-02212-00452167-00452351": "thank you very much for joining us", "igiVsPC7keQ-02213-00452352-00452960": "and we will end our meeting now"}}, {"audio_id": "igvQ_1nHqJA", "text": {"igvQ_1nHqJA-00000-00005959-00008062": "[Music]", "igvQ_1nHqJA-00001-00008063-00018361": "[Music]", "igvQ_1nHqJA-00002-00018362-00018674": "[Music]"}}, {"audio_id": "igJqLsLn31y", "text": {"igJqLsLn31y-00000-00000000-00000191": "most people don't realize that", "igJqLsLn31y-00001-00000192-00000407": "organization is the key to Freedom", "igJqLsLn31y-00002-00000408-00000743": "wealth and prosperity and they feel", "igJqLsLn31y-00003-00000744-00001085": "stressed because of the overwhelm and", "igJqLsLn31y-00004-00001086-00001331": "the time it takes them to find their", "igJqLsLn31y-00005-00001332-00001565": "things and so it's all about the stuff", "igJqLsLn31y-00006-00001566-00001847": "the disorganization both in your mental", "igJqLsLn31y-00007-00001848-00002134": "space and your physical space and it's", "igJqLsLn31y-00008-00002135-00002375": "not just about being tidy it's really", "igJqLsLn31y-00009-00002376-00002602": "about that powerful connection between", "igJqLsLn31y-00010-00002603-00002897": "your internal and external space and", "igJqLsLn31y-00011-00002898-00003113": "that control you crave and the freedom", "igJqLsLn31y-00012-00003114-00003340": "you seek right it's really hard to be", "igJqLsLn31y-00013-00003342-00003569": "free and in control at the same time and", "igJqLsLn31y-00014-00003570-00003761": "so understanding how that works together", "igJqLsLn31y-00015-00003761-00004186": "is kind of the goal of this program and", "igJqLsLn31y-00016-00004187-00004451": "the organization piece the keeping", "igJqLsLn31y-00017-00004452-00004649": "control of the Clutter or your schedule", "igJqLsLn31y-00018-00004650-00005033": "or where your mind wanders off to that's", "igJqLsLn31y-00019-00005034-00005333": "what really allows", "igJqLsLn31y-00020-00005334-00005525": "um for that", "igJqLsLn31y-00021-00005526-00005861": "kind of catalystic improvement in your", "igJqLsLn31y-00022-00005862-00006121": "day-to-day life"}}, {"audio_id": "igMbNa3MGIo", "text": {"igMbNa3MGIo-00000-00000028-00001357": "[Music]", "igMbNa3MGIo-00001-00001358-00003099": "[Music]", "igMbNa3MGIo-00002-00003100-00004029": "[Music]", "igMbNa3MGIo-00003-00004031-00004263": "[Music]", "igMbNa3MGIo-00004-00004264-00004638": "namaste", "igMbNa3MGIo-00005-00004639-00004870": "the spiritual path", "igMbNa3MGIo-00006-00004871-00005135": "given by the buddha", "igMbNa3MGIo-00007-00005136-00005535": "and other great souls as well", "igMbNa3MGIo-00008-00005536-00005854": "contains the answers to all the great", "igMbNa3MGIo-00009-00005855-00006079": "questions", "igMbNa3MGIo-00010-00006080-00006406": "and indeed before one can settle the", "igMbNa3MGIo-00011-00006408-00006510": "mind", "igMbNa3MGIo-00012-00006511-00006806": "and go deep in meditation", "igMbNa3MGIo-00013-00006808-00006967": "one has to", "igMbNa3MGIo-00014-00006968-00007319": "resolve any and all questions", "igMbNa3MGIo-00015-00007320-00007687": "including the great questions", "igMbNa3MGIo-00016-00007688-00007863": "for example", "igMbNa3MGIo-00017-00007864-00008207": "why does anything exist", "igMbNa3MGIo-00018-00008208-00008391": "huh", "igMbNa3MGIo-00019-00008392-00008751": "how does the universe come into being", "igMbNa3MGIo-00020-00008752-00009095": "how do we come into being", "igMbNa3MGIo-00021-00009096-00009359": "and of course the buddha gives the", "igMbNa3MGIo-00022-00009360-00009471": "answer", "igMbNa3MGIo-00023-00009472-00009863": "in his teaching on paticha-samupada", "igMbNa3MGIo-00024-00009864-00010127": "or dependent origination or dependent", "igMbNa3MGIo-00025-00010128-00010406": "arising", "igMbNa3MGIo-00026-00010407-00010503": "so", "igMbNa3MGIo-00027-00010504-00010614": "one day", "igMbNa3MGIo-00028-00010615-00010855": "the buddha was talking to his cousin", "igMbNa3MGIo-00029-00010856-00011023": "ananda", "igMbNa3MGIo-00030-00011024-00011174": "about this", "igMbNa3MGIo-00031-00011175-00011263": "and", "igMbNa3MGIo-00032-00011264-00011519": "this question came up", "igMbNa3MGIo-00033-00011520-00011742": "why does anything exist", "igMbNa3MGIo-00034-00011743-00012046": "in the first place", "igMbNa3MGIo-00035-00012047-00012142": "and", "igMbNa3MGIo-00036-00012143-00012342": "here's buddha's answer", "igMbNa3MGIo-00037-00012343-00012735": "i'm going to give the suta in pali first", "igMbNa3MGIo-00038-00012736-00013007": "and then the translation", "igMbNa3MGIo-00039-00013008-00013119": "so", "igMbNa3MGIo-00040-00013119-00013343": "don't try to understand the language but", "igMbNa3MGIo-00041-00013344-00013630": "just listen to the poetry of how the", "igMbNa3MGIo-00042-00013631-00015121": "buddha speaks", "igMbNa3MGIo-00043-00015122-00015852": "[Music]", "igMbNa3MGIo-00044-00015853-00018279": "[Music]", "igMbNa3MGIo-00045-00018280-00018727": "in so far only ananda can one be born or", "igMbNa3MGIo-00046-00018728-00019263": "grow old or die or pass away or reappear", "igMbNa3MGIo-00047-00019264-00019639": "in so far only is there any pathway for", "igMbNa3MGIo-00048-00019640-00019999": "verbal expression in so far only is", "igMbNa3MGIo-00049-00020000-00020286": "there any pathway for terminology", "igMbNa3MGIo-00050-00020287-00020591": "in so far only is there any pathway for", "igMbNa3MGIo-00051-00020592-00020743": "designation", "igMbNa3MGIo-00052-00020744-00021207": "in so far only is the range of wisdom", "igMbNa3MGIo-00053-00021208-00021543": "in so far only is the round kept going", "igMbNa3MGIo-00054-00021544-00021799": "for there to be a designation as a", "igMbNa3MGIo-00055-00021800-00021935": "this-ness", "igMbNa3MGIo-00056-00021936-00022119": "that is to say", "igMbNa3MGIo-00057-00022120-00022278": "name and form", "igMbNa3MGIo-00058-00022279-00022647": "together with consciousness", "igMbNa3MGIo-00059-00022648-00022750": "so", "igMbNa3MGIo-00060-00022751-00022935": "to say this is deep", "igMbNa3MGIo-00061-00022936-00023175": "is an understatement", "igMbNa3MGIo-00062-00023176-00023294": "this is the", "igMbNa3MGIo-00063-00023295-00023735": "this is the bottomless ocean of truth", "igMbNa3MGIo-00064-00023736-00024119": "given by the buddha", "igMbNa3MGIo-00065-00024120-00024222": "so", "igMbNa3MGIo-00066-00024223-00024519": "what does this all mean", "igMbNa3MGIo-00067-00024520-00024678": "in so far", "igMbNa3MGIo-00068-00024679-00024886": "in other words", "igMbNa3MGIo-00069-00024887-00025127": "this is the limit", "igMbNa3MGIo-00070-00025128-00025575": "this is how much there can be", "igMbNa3MGIo-00071-00025576-00025727": "in so far", "igMbNa3MGIo-00072-00025727-00026102": "can one be born or grow old or die or", "igMbNa3MGIo-00073-00026104-00026374": "pass away or reappear", "igMbNa3MGIo-00074-00026375-00026614": "in other words the whole round of birth", "igMbNa3MGIo-00075-00026616-00026855": "and death", "igMbNa3MGIo-00076-00026856-00027055": "is encompassed", "igMbNa3MGIo-00077-00027056-00027367": "by this understanding", "igMbNa3MGIo-00078-00027368-00027455": "so", "igMbNa3MGIo-00079-00027456-00027711": "insofar as there is any pathway for", "igMbNa3MGIo-00080-00027712-00028007": "verbal understanding", "igMbNa3MGIo-00081-00028008-00028151": "you see", "igMbNa3MGIo-00082-00028152-00028487": "this is why we stress so much", "igMbNa3MGIo-00083-00028488-00028895": "the understanding of terminology", "igMbNa3MGIo-00084-00028895-00029207": "because without terminology", "igMbNa3MGIo-00085-00029208-00029623": "you do not have understanding", "igMbNa3MGIo-00086-00029624-00030079": "you do not even have consciousness", "igMbNa3MGIo-00087-00030080-00030190": "in fact", "igMbNa3MGIo-00088-00030191-00030511": "the very first vibration", "igMbNa3MGIo-00089-00030512-00030711": "of name and form", "igMbNa3MGIo-00090-00030712-00030958": "comes at the beginning of the universe", "igMbNa3MGIo-00091-00030960-00031439": "with the sound", "igMbNa3MGIo-00092-00031439-00031574": "this sound", "igMbNa3MGIo-00093-00031575-00031814": "is the universal vibration that sets", "igMbNa3MGIo-00094-00031816-00032087": "everything in motion", "igMbNa3MGIo-00095-00032088-00032551": "and so the buddha is describing a system", "igMbNa3MGIo-00096-00032552-00032639": "where", "igMbNa3MGIo-00097-00032639-00032807": "name and form", "igMbNa3MGIo-00098-00032808-00033167": "leads to consciousness and consciousness", "igMbNa3MGIo-00099-00033168-00033518": "feeds back into name and form", "igMbNa3MGIo-00100-00033519-00033751": "this forms a vortex", "igMbNa3MGIo-00101-00033752-00033895": "a circular", "igMbNa3MGIo-00102-00033896-00034046": "motion", "igMbNa3MGIo-00103-00034047-00034383": "and this vortex creates the notion of", "igMbNa3MGIo-00104-00034384-00034511": "place", "igMbNa3MGIo-00105-00034512-00034718": "of a thing", "igMbNa3MGIo-00106-00034719-00034799": "of", "igMbNa3MGIo-00107-00034800-00035039": "this-ness", "igMbNa3MGIo-00108-00035040-00035295": "vatati", "igMbNa3MGIo-00109-00035296-00035583": "as buddha says", "igMbNa3MGIo-00110-00035584-00035702": "so", "igMbNa3MGIo-00111-00035703-00035935": "this this-ness", "igMbNa3MGIo-00112-00035936-00036279": "or this existence or this place this", "igMbNa3MGIo-00113-00036280-00036479": "location", "igMbNa3MGIo-00114-00036480-00036887": "is known as a vortex", "igMbNa3MGIo-00115-00036888-00037190": "and everything that exists is a vortex", "igMbNa3MGIo-00116-00037191-00037430": "just look at the shape of a spiral", "igMbNa3MGIo-00117-00037431-00037687": "galaxy for example", "igMbNa3MGIo-00118-00037688-00037790": "or", "igMbNa3MGIo-00119-00037791-00038135": "a solar system or", "igMbNa3MGIo-00120-00038136-00038430": "even a single cell", "igMbNa3MGIo-00121-00038431-00038679": "their vortexes", "igMbNa3MGIo-00122-00038680-00039118": "and like a whirlpool they suck in energy", "igMbNa3MGIo-00123-00039119-00039287": "and then", "igMbNa3MGIo-00124-00039288-00039639": "beam that energy out in different forms", "igMbNa3MGIo-00125-00039640-00039983": "now this is very visible in galaxies and", "igMbNa3MGIo-00126-00039984-00040230": "it's very visible actually in the human", "igMbNa3MGIo-00127-00040231-00040359": "form too", "igMbNa3MGIo-00128-00040360-00040711": "which is a vortex around a central", "igMbNa3MGIo-00129-00040712-00040983": "emptiness", "igMbNa3MGIo-00130-00040984-00041287": "the body for example is a vortex around", "igMbNa3MGIo-00131-00041288-00041511": "the elementary canal that goes from the", "igMbNa3MGIo-00132-00041512-00041879": "nose and mouth to the anus", "igMbNa3MGIo-00133-00041880-00041983": "you see", "igMbNa3MGIo-00134-00041984-00042327": "it's a vortex it's a movement around a", "igMbNa3MGIo-00135-00042328-00042511": "hollow center", "igMbNa3MGIo-00136-00042512-00042735": "a whirlpool", "igMbNa3MGIo-00137-00042736-00043007": "and this whirlpool begins", "igMbNa3MGIo-00138-00043008-00043390": "with the rotation of name and form", "igMbNa3MGIo-00139-00043391-00043483": "and", "igMbNa3MGIo-00140-00043484-00043799": "consciousness without name and form", "igMbNa3MGIo-00141-00043800-00044118": "there can be no consciousness", "igMbNa3MGIo-00142-00044119-00044446": "remember what consciousness is", "igMbNa3MGIo-00143-00044447-00044883": "consciousness is awareness of an", "igMbNa3MGIo-00144-00044884-00045255": "object now awareness all by itself", "igMbNa3MGIo-00145-00045256-00045527": "doesn't need an object", "igMbNa3MGIo-00146-00045528-00045695": "it's fine just", "igMbNa3MGIo-00147-00045696-00046015": "being aware of itself", "igMbNa3MGIo-00148-00046016-00046358": "but when the creation begins the first", "igMbNa3MGIo-00149-00046359-00046543": "thing that happens is that there's an", "igMbNa3MGIo-00150-00046544-00046679": "object", "igMbNa3MGIo-00151-00046680-00047295": "and the first object is called shakti", "igMbNa3MGIo-00152-00047296-00047374": "so", "igMbNa3MGIo-00153-00047375-00047590": "this is where the universe divides into", "igMbNa3MGIo-00154-00047591-00047895": "shiva and shakti yang", "igMbNa3MGIo-00155-00047896-00048199": "and yin", "igMbNa3MGIo-00156-00048200-00048439": "the dark and the light", "igMbNa3MGIo-00157-00048440-00048590": "she is the light", "igMbNa3MGIo-00158-00048591-00048846": "she is consciousness", "igMbNa3MGIo-00159-00048847-00049143": "she is everything that exists", "igMbNa3MGIo-00160-00049144-00049430": "and she comes into existence through the", "igMbNa3MGIo-00161-00049431-00049871": "vibration of um", "igMbNa3MGIo-00162-00049872-00050095": "so of course the buddha doesn't talk", "igMbNa3MGIo-00163-00050096-00050383": "like that but the vedas do", "igMbNa3MGIo-00164-00050384-00050558": "and if you combine the both", "igMbNa3MGIo-00165-00050559-00050727": "understandings", "igMbNa3MGIo-00166-00050728-00050895": "on the assumption", "igMbNa3MGIo-00167-00050896-00051111": "that they're both talking about the same", "igMbNa3MGIo-00168-00051112-00051342": "thing", "igMbNa3MGIo-00169-00051344-00051446": "then", "igMbNa3MGIo-00170-00051447-00051638": "it adds an additional dimension of", "igMbNa3MGIo-00171-00051639-00051807": "understanding", "igMbNa3MGIo-00172-00051808-00052111": "and this is very helpful but", "igMbNa3MGIo-00173-00052112-00052326": "to get this understanding without being", "igMbNa3MGIo-00174-00052327-00052471": "confused", "igMbNa3MGIo-00175-00052472-00052854": "one has to know the exact definitions of", "igMbNa3MGIo-00176-00052855-00053071": "the terms", "igMbNa3MGIo-00177-00053072-00053366": "so this is why we stress terminology", "igMbNa3MGIo-00178-00053367-00053719": "ontology epistemology", "igMbNa3MGIo-00179-00053720-00053950": "grammar syntax", "igMbNa3MGIo-00180-00053951-00054135": "and all that stuff that you hated to", "igMbNa3MGIo-00181-00054136-00054326": "learn back in school", "igMbNa3MGIo-00182-00054327-00054511": "because the people who were teaching it", "igMbNa3MGIo-00183-00054512-00054807": "didn't understand its significance", "igMbNa3MGIo-00184-00054808-00055087": "and besides they were more interested in", "igMbNa3MGIo-00185-00055088-00055487": "social conditioning than actual learning", "igMbNa3MGIo-00186-00055488-00055582": "so", "igMbNa3MGIo-00187-00055583-00055815": "everybody gets a bad taste", "igMbNa3MGIo-00188-00055816-00056094": "for these fundamental subjects", "igMbNa3MGIo-00189-00056095-00056294": "in our school system", "igMbNa3MGIo-00190-00056295-00056519": "but don't let that deter you from going", "igMbNa3MGIo-00191-00056520-00056887": "back and understanding them properly", "igMbNa3MGIo-00192-00056888-00057182": "because let me tell you the secret", "igMbNa3MGIo-00193-00057183-00057454": "to understanding anything at a high", "igMbNa3MGIo-00194-00057455-00057647": "level of competence", "igMbNa3MGIo-00195-00057648-00057750": "is", "igMbNa3MGIo-00196-00057751-00058054": "complete and exact definitions of all", "igMbNa3MGIo-00197-00058055-00058238": "the terms", "igMbNa3MGIo-00198-00058239-00058430": "and i mean all the way down to the", "igMbNa3MGIo-00199-00058432-00058559": "common words", "igMbNa3MGIo-00200-00058560-00058654": "a", "igMbNa3MGIo-00201-00058655-00058759": "the", "igMbNa3MGIo-00202-00058760-00059119": "if such that for", "igMbNa3MGIo-00203-00059120-00059335": "up", "igMbNa3MGIo-00204-00059336-00059591": "all these little one syllable words", "igMbNa3MGIo-00205-00059591-00059871": "should be completely clearly defined in", "igMbNa3MGIo-00206-00059872-00060038": "context", "igMbNa3MGIo-00207-00060039-00060279": "because they are the glue", "igMbNa3MGIo-00208-00060279-00060463": "that connect all the other words", "igMbNa3MGIo-00209-00060464-00060694": "together", "igMbNa3MGIo-00210-00060695-00061054": "so this has been our study and it's in", "igMbNa3MGIo-00211-00061055-00061206": "the uh", "igMbNa3MGIo-00212-00061207-00061335": "details", "igMbNa3MGIo-00213-00061336-00061703": "that are given in the matrix learning or", "igMbNa3MGIo-00214-00061704-00062038": "becoming genius course", "igMbNa3MGIo-00215-00062039-00062430": "so back to buddha", "igMbNa3MGIo-00216-00062432-00062791": "in so far is the round kept going", "igMbNa3MGIo-00217-00062791-00063094": "huh the round of birth and death", "igMbNa3MGIo-00218-00063095-00063238": "being born", "igMbNa3MGIo-00219-00063239-00063463": "growing old", "igMbNa3MGIo-00220-00063464-00063694": "dying passing away", "igMbNa3MGIo-00221-00063695-00063838": "reappearing", "igMbNa3MGIo-00222-00063839-00064142": "over and over and over and over", "igMbNa3MGIo-00223-00064144-00064271": "why", "igMbNa3MGIo-00224-00064272-00064503": "why is it such a cycle", "igMbNa3MGIo-00225-00064504-00064782": "why does the universe come into being", "igMbNa3MGIo-00226-00064783-00064950": "and exist for some time and then", "igMbNa3MGIo-00227-00064951-00065135": "disappear again", "igMbNa3MGIo-00228-00065136-00065543": "only to be recreated at a later date", "igMbNa3MGIo-00229-00065544-00065823": "it's only because of this round", "igMbNa3MGIo-00230-00065824-00066343": "of name and form and consciousness", "igMbNa3MGIo-00231-00066344-00066591": "this is the vortex the fundamental", "igMbNa3MGIo-00232-00066592-00067047": "movement that creates a this-ness", "igMbNa3MGIo-00233-00067048-00067535": "a this-ness is opposed to a that-ness", "igMbNa3MGIo-00234-00067536-00067743": "this-ness means something that's within", "igMbNa3MGIo-00235-00067744-00067887": "my vortex", "igMbNa3MGIo-00236-00067888-00068071": "and a that-ness is something that's", "igMbNa3MGIo-00237-00068072-00068431": "outside my vortex", "igMbNa3MGIo-00238-00068432-00068567": "so", "igMbNa3MGIo-00239-00068568-00068767": "we think we exist", "igMbNa3MGIo-00240-00068768-00069038": "because of this constant round this", "igMbNa3MGIo-00241-00069039-00069167": "rotation", "igMbNa3MGIo-00242-00069168-00069367": "between consciousness and name and form", "igMbNa3MGIo-00243-00069368-00069887": "this is the engine that powers sangsara", "igMbNa3MGIo-00244-00069888-00070135": "so if we can go deeply into it and", "igMbNa3MGIo-00245-00070136-00070350": "understand it fully", "igMbNa3MGIo-00246-00070351-00070679": "we can deconstruct it", "igMbNa3MGIo-00247-00070680-00071119": "and this leads to realization of nibbana", "igMbNa3MGIo-00248-00071120-00071455": "don't be intimidated by how deep this is", "igMbNa3MGIo-00249-00071456-00071711": "a whirlpool is deep too", "igMbNa3MGIo-00250-00071712-00071975": "but if you get to the bottom of it", "igMbNa3MGIo-00251-00071976-00072335": "it just peters out and becomes like", "igMbNa3MGIo-00252-00072336-00072519": "a little spiral", "igMbNa3MGIo-00253-00072520-00072719": "huh", "igMbNa3MGIo-00254-00072720-00073167": "so this is the key this is the secret", "igMbNa3MGIo-00255-00073168-00073511": "in so far only is the round kept going", "igMbNa3MGIo-00256-00073512-00073782": "for there to be a designation as a", "igMbNa3MGIo-00257-00073783-00073903": "this-ness", "igMbNa3MGIo-00258-00073904-00074223": "and that's what a name is", "igMbNa3MGIo-00259-00074224-00074494": "a designation of a form", "igMbNa3MGIo-00260-00074495-00074735": "isn't it", "igMbNa3MGIo-00261-00074736-00075062": "so name and form and then consciousness", "igMbNa3MGIo-00262-00075063-00075335": "of that name and form", "igMbNa3MGIo-00263-00075336-00075687": "is the primordial vortex", "igMbNa3MGIo-00264-00075688-00075838": "the engine", "igMbNa3MGIo-00265-00075839-00076199": "of patica samupada", "igMbNa3MGIo-00266-00076200-00076367": "and this is what keeps the whole", "igMbNa3MGIo-00267-00076368-00076535": "universe going", "igMbNa3MGIo-00268-00076536-00076855": "this is what makes things exist", "igMbNa3MGIo-00269-00076856-00077103": "in the first place and then their", "igMbNa3MGIo-00270-00077104-00077238": "interactions", "igMbNa3MGIo-00271-00077239-00077535": "are what keeps the game going", "igMbNa3MGIo-00272-00077536-00077831": "and it's all based on this illusion this", "igMbNa3MGIo-00273-00077832-00078055": "mirage of motion", "igMbNa3MGIo-00274-00078056-00078311": "this exchange of energy and this", "igMbNa3MGIo-00275-00078312-00078606": "feedback loop between consciousness and", "igMbNa3MGIo-00276-00078607-00078862": "name and form", "igMbNa3MGIo-00277-00078863-00079126": "so one must look very deeply into this", "igMbNa3MGIo-00278-00079127-00079247": "phenomenon", "igMbNa3MGIo-00279-00079248-00079406": "of name", "igMbNa3MGIo-00280-00079407-00079799": "meaning words and their definitions", "igMbNa3MGIo-00281-00079800-00080126": "and to become completely clear on that", "igMbNa3MGIo-00282-00080127-00080367": "is to understand the origins of", "igMbNa3MGIo-00283-00080368-00080582": "consciousness", "igMbNa3MGIo-00284-00080583-00080967": "because as we have seen so many times", "igMbNa3MGIo-00285-00080968-00081311": "if we are not aware of the terminology", "igMbNa3MGIo-00286-00081312-00081535": "of a phenomenon", "igMbNa3MGIo-00287-00081536-00081775": "we cannot observe it we cannot", "igMbNa3MGIo-00288-00081776-00082182": "discriminate it from other phenomena", "igMbNa3MGIo-00289-00082183-00082559": "and the example i like to give is turia", "igMbNa3MGIo-00290-00082560-00082862": "and the other states of consciousness", "igMbNa3MGIo-00291-00082863-00083399": "waking dreaming and deep sleep", "igMbNa3MGIo-00292-00083400-00083575": "the scientists", "igMbNa3MGIo-00293-00083576-00083759": "don't make any distinction and most", "igMbNa3MGIo-00294-00083760-00083959": "philosophers also", "igMbNa3MGIo-00295-00083960-00084255": "don't distinguish between ordinary", "igMbNa3MGIo-00296-00084256-00084535": "consciousness and turia", "igMbNa3MGIo-00297-00084536-00084759": "even though turiya is fundamentally", "igMbNa3MGIo-00298-00084760-00084871": "different", "igMbNa3MGIo-00299-00084872-00085015": "because", "igMbNa3MGIo-00300-00085016-00085287": "it is a state of consciousness whose", "igMbNa3MGIo-00301-00085288-00085550": "objects are the other states of", "igMbNa3MGIo-00302-00085551-00085862": "consciousness", "igMbNa3MGIo-00303-00085863-00086103": "and those states of consciousness their", "igMbNa3MGIo-00304-00086104-00086247": "objects are", "igMbNa3MGIo-00305-00086248-00086399": "the senses", "igMbNa3MGIo-00306-00086400-00086535": "the mind", "igMbNa3MGIo-00307-00086536-00086926": "and phenomena in the world", "igMbNa3MGIo-00308-00086927-00087055": "so", "igMbNa3MGIo-00309-00087056-00087367": "i asked this question a long time ago", "igMbNa3MGIo-00310-00087368-00087638": "how can the being which is completely", "igMbNa3MGIo-00311-00087639-00087791": "spiritual", "igMbNa3MGIo-00312-00087792-00088094": "be aware of this material world", "igMbNa3MGIo-00313-00088095-00088318": "and this is the answer", "igMbNa3MGIo-00314-00088319-00088487": "huh", "igMbNa3MGIo-00315-00088488-00088582": "so", "igMbNa3MGIo-00316-00088583-00088815": "after all these years it finally became", "igMbNa3MGIo-00317-00088816-00089126": "clear and i understood everything", "igMbNa3MGIo-00318-00089127-00089415": "and this led very quickly", "igMbNa3MGIo-00319-00089416-00089879": "to attaining complete enlightenment", "igMbNa3MGIo-00320-00089880-00090294": "um", "igMbNa3MGIo-00321-00090295-00090595": "all"}}, {"audio_id": "igYdKfkxt5y", "text": {"igYdKfkxt5y-00000-00000558-00000904": "Australia has a proud tradition of", "igYdKfkxt5y-00001-00000905-00001178": "increasing the productivity of its", "igYdKfkxt5y-00002-00001179-00001431": "agriculture and in particular this graph", "igYdKfkxt5y-00003-00001432-00001875": "shows a 90 year period in which yield", "igYdKfkxt5y-00004-00001876-00002402": "increased threefold by increasing at", "igYdKfkxt5y-00005-00002403-00002726": "about 10 kilograms per hectare per year", "igYdKfkxt5y-00006-00002727-00003066": "also note the highly variable nature of", "igYdKfkxt5y-00007-00003067-00003324": "our yield and the need for looking at a", "igYdKfkxt5y-00008-00003325-00003543": "prolonged period to determine a", "igYdKfkxt5y-00009-00003544-00003945": "long-term trend more recently in a paper", "igYdKfkxt5y-00010-00003946-00004275": "published by some colleagues of mine the", "igYdKfkxt5y-00011-00004276-00004639": "various drivers of productivity were", "igYdKfkxt5y-00012-00004640-00005000": "itemized and they go from new", "igYdKfkxt5y-00013-00005001-00005338": "technologies including new varieties", "igYdKfkxt5y-00014-00005339-00005700": "better attention higher attention given", "igYdKfkxt5y-00015-00005701-00006266": "to management larger farms more", "igYdKfkxt5y-00016-00006267-00006542": "mechanization more specialization", "igYdKfkxt5y-00017-00006543-00007163": "farming changes in systems such as", "igYdKfkxt5y-00018-00007164-00007443": "no-till farming integrated weed", "igYdKfkxt5y-00019-00007444-00007809": "management conservation farming and and", "igYdKfkxt5y-00020-00007809-00008043": "the employment of specialist advice on", "igYdKfkxt5y-00021-00008044-00008418": "farm so all these things are driving", "igYdKfkxt5y-00022-00008419-00008748": "improved productivity right now and have", "igYdKfkxt5y-00023-00008749-00009068": "been for the last 20 odd years and yet", "igYdKfkxt5y-00024-00009069-00009479": "when we look at the trend since 1990", "igYdKfkxt5y-00025-00009480-00009822": "there is no significant trend and so", "igYdKfkxt5y-00026-00009823-00010113": "we've we're looking at 26 years of", "igYdKfkxt5y-00027-00010114-00010388": "stagnation in which yield and", "igYdKfkxt5y-00028-00010389-00010731": "Australia's not alone in observing such", "igYdKfkxt5y-00029-00010732-00010941": "a trend in fact been estimated that up", "igYdKfkxt5y-00030-00010942-00011154": "to three percent of cropping lands", "igYdKfkxt5y-00031-00011155-00011466": "around the world are showing a similar", "igYdKfkxt5y-00032-00011467-00011634": "trend a lot of those in developing", "igYdKfkxt5y-00033-00011635-00012057": "countries so the question is why and and", "igYdKfkxt5y-00034-00012058-00012288": "that was the question that's driven our", "igYdKfkxt5y-00035-00012289-00012660": "research there are internationally and", "igYdKfkxt5y-00036-00012661-00012999": "literature some suggested drivers for", "igYdKfkxt5y-00037-00013000-00013361": "this and here's a list of ones that we", "igYdKfkxt5y-00038-00013362-00013705": "don't think big drivers", "igYdKfkxt5y-00039-00013706-00013972": "in Australia and so government", "igYdKfkxt5y-00040-00013972-00014212": "regulation you've heard from", "igYdKfkxt5y-00041-00014213-00014416": "representatives of our government about", "igYdKfkxt5y-00042-00014416-00014524": "how much our government is actually", "igYdKfkxt5y-00043-00014525-00014775": "encouraging productivity in agriculture", "igYdKfkxt5y-00044-00014776-00015090": "and this is in contrast to say Europe", "igYdKfkxt5y-00045-00015091-00015600": "where the emphasis has been on other", "igYdKfkxt5y-00046-00015601-00016250": "imperatives you saw in yesterday's abs", "igYdKfkxt5y-00047-00016251-00016639": "presentation that that in fact it seems", "igYdKfkxt5y-00048-00016640-00016900": "from the figures that R&D when you", "igYdKfkxt5y-00049-00016901-00017196": "factor in private investment in R&D is", "igYdKfkxt5y-00050-00017197-00017536": "actually increasing and especially if", "igYdKfkxt5y-00051-00017537-00017940": "you look at cropping R&D is increasing", "igYdKfkxt5y-00052-00017941-00018408": "we assault fertility actually the rate", "igYdKfkxt5y-00053-00018409-00018691": "of the decline in last twenty years is", "igYdKfkxt5y-00054-00018692-00018952": "drastically reduced compared to previous", "igYdKfkxt5y-00055-00018953-00019171": "rates and that's because of conservation", "igYdKfkxt5y-00056-00019172-00019741": "farming zero till etc and we has been", "igYdKfkxt5y-00057-00019742-00019983": "expanding over this period but much of", "igYdKfkxt5y-00058-00019984-00020242": "that expansion has been into wetter", "igYdKfkxt5y-00059-00020243-00020550": "rather than dry country and to the", "igYdKfkxt5y-00060-00020551-00021009": "degree that it's replaced sheep this is", "igYdKfkxt5y-00061-00021010-00021289": "often meant moving into high organic", "igYdKfkxt5y-00062-00021290-00021613": "matter soils and so unlikely that that", "igYdKfkxt5y-00063-00021614-00022063": "is a driver and this leads climate now", "igYdKfkxt5y-00064-00022064-00022387": "nil actually gave an updated version of", "igYdKfkxt5y-00065-00022388-00022909": "this map but basically we've seen a", "igYdKfkxt5y-00066-00022910-00023367": "trend of high temperatures and dryer", "igYdKfkxt5y-00067-00023368-00023855": "cropping season rainfall in the in the", "igYdKfkxt5y-00068-00023856-00024259": "grain zone of Australia just to add to", "igYdKfkxt5y-00069-00024260-00024653": "that that atmospheric co2 has increased", "igYdKfkxt5y-00070-00024654-00025111": "and that that is actually in itself a", "igYdKfkxt5y-00071-00025112-00025636": "positive for crop growth so how do we", "igYdKfkxt5y-00072-00025637-00026178": "translate that climate data into if that", "igYdKfkxt5y-00073-00026179-00026389": "sort of I guess general picture of the", "igYdKfkxt5y-00074-00026389-00026644": "climate trends into an understanding", "igYdKfkxt5y-00075-00026645-00026863": "what's happening to wait and what we've", "igYdKfkxt5y-00076-00026864-00027058": "done is we've selected 50", "igYdKfkxt5y-00077-00027058-00027345": "weather station and these were selected", "igYdKfkxt5y-00078-00027347-00027511": "primarily because they have the most", "igYdKfkxt5y-00079-00027512-00027889": "complete record in the period since 1972", "igYdKfkxt5y-00080-00027889-00028224": "which which is a period we've studied", "igYdKfkxt5y-00081-00028225-00028852": "and they each have a minimum area of", "igYdKfkxt5y-00082-00028852-00029068": "cropping around them so we want them to", "igYdKfkxt5y-00083-00029069-00029601": "be relative relevant to wheat cropping", "igYdKfkxt5y-00084-00029602-00030061": "they also a place so that they represent", "igYdKfkxt5y-00085-00030062-00030270": "more than ninety percent of the agro", "igYdKfkxt5y-00086-00030272-00030483": "ecological zones in which we grow with", "igYdKfkxt5y-00087-00030485-00030892": "and they also happen to also represent", "igYdKfkxt5y-00088-00030893-00031147": "the major soil types that we grow it on", "igYdKfkxt5y-00089-00031148-00031672": "in Australia so when we looked at", "igYdKfkxt5y-00090-00031673-00031960": "maximum daily temperatures during crop", "igYdKfkxt5y-00091-00031961-00032425": "growth over those 50 years and and this", "igYdKfkxt5y-00092-00032426-00032595": "graph is just sort of showing you the", "igYdKfkxt5y-00093-00032597-00032800": "variability in the spatial distribution", "igYdKfkxt5y-00094-00032801-00033090": "of that as well as the central tendency", "igYdKfkxt5y-00095-00033091-00033379": "it's a subtle line but it is a subtle", "igYdKfkxt5y-00096-00033380-00033646": "line that means I want more than a one", "igYdKfkxt5y-00097-00033647-00033961": "degree change over this period which is", "igYdKfkxt5y-00098-00033962-00034201": "a lot in terms of the effect on crop", "igYdKfkxt5y-00099-00034202-00034645": "growth a less type of line is showing", "igYdKfkxt5y-00100-00034646-00034957": "you the decline in rainfall over these", "igYdKfkxt5y-00101-00034958-00035209": "50 weather stations and that means on", "igYdKfkxt5y-00102-00035210-00035647": "average 71.8 millimeters decline over", "igYdKfkxt5y-00103-00035648-00036211": "that 26-year period so taking this", "igYdKfkxt5y-00104-00036212-00036517": "information about the climate and we're", "igYdKfkxt5y-00105-00036518-00036724": "now talking about specifically 50", "igYdKfkxt5y-00106-00036725-00037168": "locations we use the Epsom model to", "igYdKfkxt5y-00107-00037169-00037468": "simulate the impact of that on crop", "igYdKfkxt5y-00108-00037469-00037807": "growth I just you know I could give a", "igYdKfkxt5y-00109-00037808-00038062": "whole talk about the epson model but we", "igYdKfkxt5y-00110-00038063-00038254": "just want to say we capture both the", "igYdKfkxt5y-00111-00038255-00038452": "amount of rainfall and the distribution", "igYdKfkxt5y-00112-00038453-00038710": "effect we capture the seasonal", "igYdKfkxt5y-00113-00038711-00039039": "conditions of temperature radiation co2", "igYdKfkxt5y-00114-00039040-00039604": "soil types play a role and in trying to", "igYdKfkxt5y-00115-00039605-00040060": "determine the yield potential what we've", "igYdKfkxt5y-00116-00040061-00040270": "done is we've used best management", "igYdKfkxt5y-00117-00040271-00040354": "practice into", "igYdKfkxt5y-00118-00040355-00040660": "sewing rules in terms of the varieties", "igYdKfkxt5y-00119-00040661-00040843": "that we are assuming the best varieties", "igYdKfkxt5y-00120-00040844-00041047": "over the whole period no change over", "igYdKfkxt5y-00121-00041048-00041374": "time and that nitrogen management is", "igYdKfkxt5y-00122-00041375-00041605": "non-limiting that's a feature of this", "igYdKfkxt5y-00123-00041606-00041863": "model that it's not limited by weeds", "igYdKfkxt5y-00124-00041864-00042070": "pests diseases and extreme climate", "igYdKfkxt5y-00125-00042071-00042202": "events which means it's actually", "igYdKfkxt5y-00126-00042203-00042475": "conservative about the effect of any", "igYdKfkxt5y-00127-00042476-00042783": "changes we've had in the climate and", "igYdKfkxt5y-00128-00042784-00043075": "Absalom has been validated in the field", "igYdKfkxt5y-00129-00043076-00043390": "are hundreds of experiments and many", "igYdKfkxt5y-00130-00043391-00043900": "seasons so when we translate that", "igYdKfkxt5y-00131-00043901-00044340": "weather information into yield potential", "igYdKfkxt5y-00132-00044341-00044785": "what we have observed is that over this", "igYdKfkxt5y-00133-00044786-00045067": "twenty six year period there's been a", "igYdKfkxt5y-00134-00045068-00045475": "decline in yield of 27 kilograms per", "igYdKfkxt5y-00135-00045476-00045979": "hectare per year and that amounts to 1.2", "igYdKfkxt5y-00136-00045980-00046246": "tonne per hectare reduction in yield", "igYdKfkxt5y-00137-00046247-00046549": "potential note that keeps saying your", "igYdKfkxt5y-00138-00046550-00046726": "potential or get back to that in a", "igYdKfkxt5y-00139-00046727-00047563": "moment the the p value represents the", "igYdKfkxt5y-00140-00047564-00047764": "probability that this could be happening", "igYdKfkxt5y-00141-00047765-00048106": "by chance alone and what that is saying", "igYdKfkxt5y-00142-00048107-00048322": "is that the probability of justice are", "igYdKfkxt5y-00143-00048323-00048601": "random climate variability driving such", "igYdKfkxt5y-00144-00048602-00049410": "a decline is less than 1 in 100 dealer", "igYdKfkxt5y-00145-00049411-00049702": "now that was the magnitude of it the", "igYdKfkxt5y-00146-00049703-00049852": "other side of the story is its", "igYdKfkxt5y-00147-00049853-00050076": "distribution it's not evenly distributed", "igYdKfkxt5y-00148-00050077-00050668": "around the cropping zone and what you", "igYdKfkxt5y-00149-00050669-00050899": "can see solely would be very relieved", "igYdKfkxt5y-00150-00050900-00051097": "for with blood South Australia's it's", "igYdKfkxt5y-00151-00051098-00051324": "not doing too badly relatively speaking", "igYdKfkxt5y-00152-00051325-00051889": "and and the the redder colors are around", "igYdKfkxt5y-00153-00051890-00052272": "New South Wales Victoria and the Western", "igYdKfkxt5y-00154-00052273-00052579": "sorry the eastern part of Western", "igYdKfkxt5y-00155-00052579-00052891": "Australia and just an important point is", "igYdKfkxt5y-00156-00052891-00053142": "that there is no part none of those 60", "igYdKfkxt5y-00157-00053144-00053547": "weather stations show the positive trend", "igYdKfkxt5y-00158-00053548-00053891": "so what's driving this we've talked", "igYdKfkxt5y-00159-00053892-00054087": "about the climate but let's try and", "igYdKfkxt5y-00160-00054088-00054368": "break that down a bit and so what we've", "igYdKfkxt5y-00161-00054369-00054563": "done is we conducted two virtual", "igYdKfkxt5y-00162-00054564-00054897": "experiments using Epsom one in which we", "igYdKfkxt5y-00163-00054898-00055100": "D trended the temperature trend it's", "igYdKfkxt5y-00164-00055101-00055341": "just a statistical method of saying what", "igYdKfkxt5y-00165-00055341-00055700": "if temperatures stayed the same we're", "igYdKfkxt5y-00166-00055701-00055890": "still allowing for variability but we're", "igYdKfkxt5y-00167-00055891-00056207": "taking out the long term trend and that", "igYdKfkxt5y-00168-00056208-00056591": "shows that instead of reducing yield by", "igYdKfkxt5y-00169-00056592-00057012": "47 kilograms per hectare we would only", "igYdKfkxt5y-00170-00057013-00057293": "be reducing it by 39 kilograms per", "igYdKfkxt5y-00171-00057294-00057668": "hectare per year so the effect of rising", "igYdKfkxt5y-00172-00057669-00057863": "temperature on its own and I should", "igYdKfkxt5y-00173-00057864-00058050": "stress on its own because it combines", "igYdKfkxt5y-00174-00058051-00058601": "with rainfall in reality is is just 8", "igYdKfkxt5y-00175-00058602-00058962": "kilograms per hectare per year and we", "igYdKfkxt5y-00176-00058963-00059255": "also looked at co2 because especially in", "igYdKfkxt5y-00177-00059257-00059622": "the kind of climate denial vernacular", "igYdKfkxt5y-00178-00059623-00060017": "the co2 is great food for plants and we", "igYdKfkxt5y-00179-00060019-00060204": "shouldn't worry about rising co2 will", "igYdKfkxt5y-00180-00060204-00060675": "indeed co2 does improve the situation", "igYdKfkxt5y-00181-00060676-00061154": "without rising co2 we would be looking", "igYdKfkxt5y-00182-00061155-00061454": "at 54 kilogram pack there per year so", "igYdKfkxt5y-00183-00061455-00061710": "those two things virtually cancel each", "igYdKfkxt5y-00184-00061711-00062018": "other and in reality the it's the drop", "igYdKfkxt5y-00185-00062019-00062204": "of rain fall that's explaining", "igYdKfkxt5y-00186-00062205-00062547": "eighty-three percent of the drop in", "igYdKfkxt5y-00187-00062548-00063206": "yield potential so as I said we've been", "igYdKfkxt5y-00188-00063207-00063390": "talking about the yield potential that's", "igYdKfkxt5y-00189-00063391-00063731": "the most that farmers can possibly", "igYdKfkxt5y-00190-00063732-00064134": "produce in reality economic pressures", "igYdKfkxt5y-00191-00064135-00064451": "cetera means that the best farmers of", "igYdKfkxt5y-00192-00064452-00064659": "the most sort of production-oriented", "igYdKfkxt5y-00193-00064660-00064862": "farmers can produce about eighty percent", "igYdKfkxt5y-00194-00064863-00065201": "of that yield potential but on average", "igYdKfkxt5y-00195-00065202-00065672": "in Australia looking over 15 year period", "igYdKfkxt5y-00196-00065673-00065937": "but the recent 15e appears we're looking", "igYdKfkxt5y-00197-00065938-00066162": "more about fifty percent of that yield", "igYdKfkxt5y-00198-00066163-00066509": "potential being realised by farmers and", "igYdKfkxt5y-00199-00066510-00066743": "there was a presentation yesterday which", "igYdKfkxt5y-00200-00066744-00066873": "show the difference between", "igYdKfkxt5y-00201-00066874-00067149": "the top 25 and the bottom 25% of Famers", "igYdKfkxt5y-00202-00067150-00067430": "and that's where a lot of that action is", "igYdKfkxt5y-00203-00067431-00067841": "and so because farmers are only", "igYdKfkxt5y-00204-00067842-00068328": "producing half of what a potential is", "igYdKfkxt5y-00205-00068329-00068655": "then you would expect that the reduction", "igYdKfkxt5y-00206-00068656-00068916": "in yield would only be half of what it", "igYdKfkxt5y-00207-00068917-00069512": "would be otherwise okay of the potential", "igYdKfkxt5y-00208-00069513-00069857": "but we do have a very strong correlation", "igYdKfkxt5y-00209-00069858-00070143": "between potential yield and actual yield", "igYdKfkxt5y-00210-00070144-00070313": "and when we look at those 50 weather", "igYdKfkxt5y-00211-00070314-00070592": "station and the yield potential of those", "igYdKfkxt5y-00212-00070593-00071034": "against the National yields they are", "igYdKfkxt5y-00213-00071035-00071256": "very highly correlated and when we add a", "igYdKfkxt5y-00214-00071257-00071579": "factor of time into it which is the", "igYdKfkxt5y-00215-00071580-00071832": "technological improvement that's taking", "igYdKfkxt5y-00216-00071833-00072599": "place with which in this formula here is", "igYdKfkxt5y-00217-00072600-00073019": "about 25 kilograms per hectare per year", "igYdKfkxt5y-00218-00073020-00073206": "improvement due to technology", "igYdKfkxt5y-00219-00073207-00073593": "improvements we explain eighty-six", "igYdKfkxt5y-00220-00073594-00073887": "percent of the variability from in year", "igYdKfkxt5y-00221-00073888-00074451": "to year production so closing the yield", "igYdKfkxt5y-00222-00074452-00074738": "gap by twenty five point two kilograms", "igYdKfkxt5y-00223-00074739-00075090": "per hectare cancels out the expected 23", "igYdKfkxt5y-00224-00075091-00075473": "kilograms per hectare decline in yield", "igYdKfkxt5y-00225-00075474-00075786": "another way of looking at that is to", "igYdKfkxt5y-00226-00075787-00076356": "look at that how much of the of the", "igYdKfkxt5y-00227-00076357-00076701": "potential yield what percentage of that", "igYdKfkxt5y-00228-00076702-00076968": "potential yield is being realized and", "igYdKfkxt5y-00229-00076969-00077166": "it's gone up from thirty-eight percent", "igYdKfkxt5y-00230-00077167-00077568": "to fifty-five percent over this over", "igYdKfkxt5y-00231-00077569-00077724": "this period which is another way of", "igYdKfkxt5y-00232-00077725-00078135": "showing how farmers are compensating for", "igYdKfkxt5y-00233-00078136-00078588": "the worst conditions by exploiting more", "igYdKfkxt5y-00234-00078589-00078738": "of the yield potential that's available", "igYdKfkxt5y-00235-00078739-00079215": "to them so just in conclusion stagnant", "igYdKfkxt5y-00236-00079216-00079500": "yields and last 26 years are fully", "igYdKfkxt5y-00237-00079501-00079907": "accounted for and more by that 47", "igYdKfkxt5y-00238-00079908-00080207": "kilogram pack their negative trend in", "igYdKfkxt5y-00239-00080208-00080760": "yield potential the this negative trend", "igYdKfkxt5y-00240-00080761-00081275": "is highly unlikely to be random just do", "igYdKfkxt5y-00241-00081276-00081636": "two regular expected climate variability", "igYdKfkxt5y-00242-00081637-00082231": "alone the these eel declines are", "igYdKfkxt5y-00243-00082232-00082532": "explained very well by water stress", "igYdKfkxt5y-00244-00082533-00082805": "condition and by the temperatures", "igYdKfkxt5y-00245-00082806-00083346": "hastening the period in which yield can", "igYdKfkxt5y-00246-00083347-00083771": "be formed and the increased co2", "igYdKfkxt5y-00247-00083772-00084234": "atmospheric co2 just slightly", "igYdKfkxt5y-00248-00084235-00084599": "compensates for the trend which is", "igYdKfkxt5y-00249-00084600-00084931": "caused by the warming and drying of the", "igYdKfkxt5y-00250-00084932-00085667": "green zone and finally farmers by", "igYdKfkxt5y-00251-00085668-00085986": "adopting new technologies and the hard", "igYdKfkxt5y-00252-00085987-00086306": "work done by the research community by", "igYdKfkxt5y-00253-00086307-00086886": "the extension community etc has just", "igYdKfkxt5y-00254-00086887-00087291": "enabled farmers to keep up we're working", "igYdKfkxt5y-00255-00087292-00087893": "very hard to stay on the same spot if", "igYdKfkxt5y-00256-00087894-00088215": "don't have another minute okay because I", "igYdKfkxt5y-00257-00088216-00088424": "know that everyone's thinking okay well", "igYdKfkxt5y-00258-00088425-00088640": "you've given us this doom and gloom bar", "igYdKfkxt5y-00259-00088641-00088973": "what about last year how come we had", "igYdKfkxt5y-00260-00088974-00089219": "such a record of the year last year well", "igYdKfkxt5y-00261-00089220-00089582": "just to put that into perspective I've", "igYdKfkxt5y-00262-00089583-00089951": "just added the one year to to the", "igYdKfkxt5y-00263-00089952-00090465": "analysis that we had before and so if", "igYdKfkxt5y-00264-00090466-00090757": "you look at maximum daily temperatures", "igYdKfkxt5y-00265-00090758-00091100": "this is this is this year last year", "igYdKfkxt5y-00266-00091101-00091325": "there are a couple of examples of", "igYdKfkxt5y-00267-00091326-00091700": "similar years in the time but but this", "igYdKfkxt5y-00268-00091701-00092042": "is actually the big difference in this", "igYdKfkxt5y-00269-00092043-00092767": "year rainfall again you know we we are", "igYdKfkxt5y-00270-00092768-00093072": "looking at exceptionally good season but", "igYdKfkxt5y-00271-00093073-00093447": "you know back in 94 we were not too", "igYdKfkxt5y-00272-00093448-00093540": "different from that", "igYdKfkxt5y-00273-00093541-00093806": "and of course counterbalancing that year", "igYdKfkxt5y-00274-00093807-00094098": "are some very dry years that are a part", "igYdKfkxt5y-00275-00094099-00094499": "of that trend when we look at the yield", "igYdKfkxt5y-00276-00094500-00095054": "trend and we include this last year in", "igYdKfkxt5y-00277-00095055-00095438": "747 we go to 36 but you can bet on", "igYdKfkxt5y-00278-00095439-00095847": "return to the mean so we would still", "igYdKfkxt5y-00279-00095848-00096165": "hold that the 47 number is that more", "igYdKfkxt5y-00280-00096166-00096386": "indicative of the trend we're observing", "igYdKfkxt5y-00281-00096387-00096707": "than just adding one year just as if we", "igYdKfkxt5y-00282-00096708-00097100": "would have stopped say in 2006 after a", "igYdKfkxt5y-00283-00097101-00097244": "drop and we would have seen a worse", "igYdKfkxt5y-00284-00097245-00097548": "trend but statistically significant the", "igYdKfkxt5y-00285-00097549-00097722": "statistical significance of this trend", "igYdKfkxt5y-00286-00097723-00097997": "is just as strong as it was before and", "igYdKfkxt5y-00287-00097998-00098499": "the trend of and this is assuming a", "igYdKfkxt5y-00288-00098500-00098768": "bear's current prediction of what the", "igYdKfkxt5y-00289-00098769-00099400": "the yield will be 4 2016 the trend of", "igYdKfkxt5y-00290-00099401-00099842": "farmers increasing adoption and that", "igYdKfkxt5y-00291-00099843-00100212": "fifty five percent is bang on target so", "igYdKfkxt5y-00292-00100213-00100633": "that trend again is also holding", "igYdKfkxt5y-00293-00100634-00100992": "[Applause]", "igYdKfkxt5y-00294-00100993-00101199": "you"}}, {"audio_id": "igZzPZGPfUY", "text": {"igZzPZGPfUY-00000-00000035-00000377": "hello everyone welcome to the pictoblox", "igZzPZGPfUY-00001-00000378-00000569": "machine learning environment tutorial", "igZzPZGPfUY-00002-00000570-00000797": "Series in this tutorial we are going to", "igZzPZGPfUY-00003-00000798-00001120": "learn about image classification", "igZzPZGPfUY-00004-00001121-00001343": "it is one of the machine learning model", "igZzPZGPfUY-00005-00001344-00001511": "types which can be drained in", "igZzPZGPfUY-00006-00001512-00001798": "pictoblocks image classification is used", "igZzPZGPfUY-00007-00001800-00002021": "for classifying images into different", "igZzPZGPfUY-00008-00002022-00002321": "classes based on their characteristics", "igZzPZGPfUY-00009-00002322-00002560": "for example classifying whether the", "igZzPZGPfUY-00010-00002561-00002958": "image has a cat or a DOT", "igZzPZGPfUY-00011-00002959-00003197": "classifying with the I am wearing a mask", "igZzPZGPfUY-00012-00003198-00003538": "or not in this example we are going to", "igZzPZGPfUY-00013-00003539-00003838": "make a mask detector in Vector blocks", "igZzPZGPfUY-00014-00003839-00004079": "here pictoblocks will identify three", "igZzPZGPfUY-00015-00004079-00004217": "conditions", "igZzPZGPfUY-00016-00004218-00004565": "person is wearing a mask person is not", "igZzPZGPfUY-00017-00004566-00004847": "wearing a mask and person is wearing the", "igZzPZGPfUY-00018-00004848-00005236": "mask improperly let's get started", "igZzPZGPfUY-00019-00005237-00005447": "open Vector blocks and select the block", "igZzPZGPfUY-00020-00005448-00005747": "coding environment", "igZzPZGPfUY-00021-00005748-00005956": "go to the machine learning environment", "igZzPZGPfUY-00022-00005957-00006238": "by selecting the open ml environment", "igZzPZGPfUY-00023-00006239-00006545": "option under the files tab as we are", "igZzPZGPfUY-00024-00006545-00006778": "training our models in Python it is", "igZzPZGPfUY-00025-00006779-00006959": "important that we have the required", "igZzPZGPfUY-00026-00006959-00007120": "dependencies", "igZzPZGPfUY-00027-00007122-00007355": "in order to download these dependencies", "igZzPZGPfUY-00028-00007356-00007667": "simply click on the gear icon on the top", "igZzPZGPfUY-00029-00007668-00007870": "right of a screen and select the", "igZzPZGPfUY-00030-00007872-00008092": "download dependencies option", "igZzPZGPfUY-00031-00008093-00008321": "this will download and update the", "igZzPZGPfUY-00032-00008322-00008795": "dependencies required to train the model", "igZzPZGPfUY-00033-00008796-00009053": "click on the create new project option", "igZzPZGPfUY-00034-00009054-00009281": "to initialize your project", "igZzPZGPfUY-00035-00009282-00009485": "type an appropriate name of the project", "igZzPZGPfUY-00036-00009486-00009767": "and select the image classifier as the", "igZzPZGPfUY-00037-00009768-00009895": "model type", "igZzPZGPfUY-00038-00009896-00010199": "click on the create project button and", "igZzPZGPfUY-00039-00010200-00010624": "you will see the image as a pair window", "igZzPZGPfUY-00040-00010625-00010835": "when you are greeted with the image", "igZzPZGPfUY-00041-00010836-00011045": "classifier window you will see two", "igZzPZGPfUY-00042-00011046-00011410": "classes class 1 and Class 2 Made For You", "igZzPZGPfUY-00043-00011411-00011555": "by default", "igZzPZGPfUY-00044-00011556-00011878": "let's understand what a class is", "igZzPZGPfUY-00045-00011879-00012203": "class is basically the category in which", "igZzPZGPfUY-00046-00012204-00012509": "the model classifies the images like for", "igZzPZGPfUY-00047-00012510-00012719": "dog images you have a different class", "igZzPZGPfUY-00048-00012720-00013037": "called dog and for all the card images", "igZzPZGPfUY-00049-00013038-00013308": "are added under the class name cat", "igZzPZGPfUY-00050-00013309-00013547": "coming back to the project", "igZzPZGPfUY-00051-00013547-00013955": "edit the first class name to mask on", "igZzPZGPfUY-00052-00013956-00014183": "there are three ways in which you can", "igZzPZGPfUY-00053-00014184-00014393": "add data to your project", "igZzPZGPfUY-00054-00014394-00014621": "using your device webcam to click email", "igZzPZGPfUY-00055-00014622-00014986": "samples use the upload button to upload", "igZzPZGPfUY-00056-00014987-00015238": "images from your device and using the", "igZzPZGPfUY-00057-00015240-00015503": "upload classes from folder button to", "igZzPZGPfUY-00058-00015504-00015755": "import an entire data set", "igZzPZGPfUY-00059-00015756-00016001": "for this example we will take the images", "igZzPZGPfUY-00060-00016002-00016186": "from the camera", "igZzPZGPfUY-00061-00016187-00016505": "click on the hold to record button to", "igZzPZGPfUY-00062-00016506-00016757": "capture the width mask images", "igZzPZGPfUY-00063-00016758-00017063": "you will need at least 20 images to", "igZzPZGPfUY-00064-00017064-00017363": "train the class for this example you can", "igZzPZGPfUY-00065-00017364-00017597": "take 200 photos with different head", "igZzPZGPfUY-00066-00017598-00017765": "orientations", "igZzPZGPfUY-00067-00017766-00018053": "if you want to delete any image hover", "igZzPZGPfUY-00068-00018054-00018335": "over it and click on the delete button", "igZzPZGPfUY-00069-00018336-00018611": "once uploaded you will be able to see", "igZzPZGPfUY-00070-00018612-00018808": "the images in the class", "igZzPZGPfUY-00071-00018809-00019241": "rename Class 2 as mask off", "igZzPZGPfUY-00072-00019242-00019858": "and take the samples from the webcam", "igZzPZGPfUY-00073-00019859-00020147": "click the add class button and you shall", "igZzPZGPfUY-00074-00020148-00020447": "see a new class", "igZzPZGPfUY-00075-00020448-00020807": "rename the class to mask wrong", "igZzPZGPfUY-00076-00020808-00021119": "as a thumb rule you should try to add an", "igZzPZGPfUY-00077-00021120-00021330": "equal number of images in every class", "igZzPZGPfUY-00078-00021331-00021647": "large variations in data can be a", "igZzPZGPfUY-00079-00021648-00022193": "problem while training the model", "igZzPZGPfUY-00080-00022194-00022367": "training is where the classified", "igZzPZGPfUY-00081-00022368-00022685": "extracts features from the idea data and", "igZzPZGPfUY-00082-00022686-00022907": "trains a model to recognize the images", "igZzPZGPfUY-00083-00022908-00023111": "in the classes", "igZzPZGPfUY-00084-00023112-00023344": "this way the model will be able to", "igZzPZGPfUY-00085-00023345-00023639": "classify unseen images as per the", "igZzPZGPfUY-00086-00023640-00023830": "classes provided", "igZzPZGPfUY-00087-00023831-00024178": "use the advanced tab to alter the hyper", "igZzPZGPfUY-00088-00024179-00024400": "parameters of the model in the image", "igZzPZGPfUY-00089-00024401-00024605": "classifier you can play around with", "igZzPZGPfUY-00090-00024606-00024941": "epochs bot size and learning rate", "igZzPZGPfUY-00091-00024942-00025175": "do note that learning rate is an", "igZzPZGPfUY-00092-00025176-00025414": "extremely sensitive hyper parameter and", "igZzPZGPfUY-00093-00025415-00025600": "can greatly affect the performance of", "igZzPZGPfUY-00094-00025601-00025777": "your model", "igZzPZGPfUY-00095-00025777-00026027": "pictoblocks gives you an option to train", "igZzPZGPfUY-00096-00026027-00026243": "the image classification in both", "igZzPZGPfUY-00097-00026244-00026579": "JavaScript and python just flick the", "igZzPZGPfUY-00098-00026580-00026795": "switch on top of the training box to", "igZzPZGPfUY-00099-00026795-00027064": "cycle between the two", "igZzPZGPfUY-00100-00027066-00027329": "training the model might take some time", "igZzPZGPfUY-00101-00027330-00027611": "keep a check on the accuracy graph while", "igZzPZGPfUY-00102-00027612-00028102": "training is done", "igZzPZGPfUY-00103-00028104-00028379": "you can view a comprehensive report of", "igZzPZGPfUY-00104-00028380-00028601": "your model performance in the train", "igZzPZGPfUY-00105-00028602-00028727": "report", "igZzPZGPfUY-00106-00028727-00029002": "the trained report consists of the", "igZzPZGPfUY-00107-00029004-00029267": "accuracy and loss curve of the model", "igZzPZGPfUY-00108-00029268-00029531": "the confusion Matrix of the model and", "igZzPZGPfUY-00109-00029532-00029807": "the true positives false negatives and", "igZzPZGPfUY-00110-00029808-00030046": "false positives for each class", "igZzPZGPfUY-00111-00030047-00030335": "once training is complete it's time to", "igZzPZGPfUY-00112-00030336-00030695": "test our model on alien data", "igZzPZGPfUY-00113-00030695-00030995": "the model trains itself on the images we", "igZzPZGPfUY-00114-00030995-00031361": "provide but a model is only useful if it", "igZzPZGPfUY-00115-00031362-00031685": "can classify alien data just as well as", "igZzPZGPfUY-00116-00031686-00031985": "it classifies the training data this is", "igZzPZGPfUY-00117-00031986-00032308": "where model testing comes into play", "igZzPZGPfUY-00118-00032310-00032574": "you can test the images here", "igZzPZGPfUY-00119-00032575-00032885": "much light training testing can be done", "igZzPZGPfUY-00120-00032886-00033167": "either by a device's webcam or by", "igZzPZGPfUY-00121-00033168-00033407": "uploading data from your device start", "igZzPZGPfUY-00122-00033408-00033623": "the camera and test the model", "igZzPZGPfUY-00123-00033624-00034001": "now click on the export model button on", "igZzPZGPfUY-00124-00034002-00034223": "the top right of the testing box and", "igZzPZGPfUY-00125-00034224-00034439": "pector blocks will load your model into", "igZzPZGPfUY-00126-00034440-00034643": "the block coding environment", "igZzPZGPfUY-00127-00034644-00034883": "observe how we have blocks for the model", "igZzPZGPfUY-00128-00034884-00035195": "we just trained on the Block palette", "igZzPZGPfUY-00129-00035196-00035423": "you can click on the open recognition", "igZzPZGPfUY-00130-00035424-00035824": "window block and test the models working", "igZzPZGPfUY-00131-00035825-00036137": "add the win flag click block on the", "igZzPZGPfUY-00132-00036138-00036329": "forever block into the scripting area", "igZzPZGPfUY-00133-00036330-00036587": "and snap them together", "igZzPZGPfUY-00134-00036588-00036887": "now add return video on stage with", "igZzPZGPfUY-00135-00036888-00037079": "transparency block above the forever", "igZzPZGPfUY-00136-00037080-00037402": "block select on and 0 as transparency", "igZzPZGPfUY-00137-00037403-00037655": "this will make the camera feed show up", "igZzPZGPfUY-00138-00037656-00037883": "on the stage drag and drop the if block", "igZzPZGPfUY-00139-00037884-00038074": "inside the forever block", "igZzPZGPfUY-00140-00038075-00038362": "then add the analyze image from block", "igZzPZGPfUY-00141-00038363-00038645": "above the if block and select a web", "igZzPZGPfUY-00142-00038646-00038795": "camera as feed", "igZzPZGPfUY-00143-00038796-00039149": "then add the is identified class Block", "igZzPZGPfUY-00144-00039150-00039443": "in the condition space select the class", "igZzPZGPfUY-00145-00039444-00039665": "as mask on", "igZzPZGPfUY-00146-00039666-00039952": "from the looks palette RSA block inside", "igZzPZGPfUY-00147-00039953-00040235": "the if block write the message thank you", "igZzPZGPfUY-00148-00040236-00040685": "for wearing the mask properly", "igZzPZGPfUY-00149-00040686-00040961": "to duplicate the if block and snap it", "igZzPZGPfUY-00150-00040962-00041152": "below the first shift block", "igZzPZGPfUY-00151-00041153-00041471": "select the class as mask off", "igZzPZGPfUY-00152-00041472-00041717": "change the text in the block to say", "igZzPZGPfUY-00153-00041718-00042083": "please wear the mask", "igZzPZGPfUY-00154-00042084-00042395": "now duplicate the if block", "igZzPZGPfUY-00155-00042396-00042636": "and snap it below the first step block", "igZzPZGPfUY-00156-00042637-00042779": "[Music]", "igZzPZGPfUY-00157-00042780-00043096": "select the class as mask wrong change", "igZzPZGPfUY-00158-00043097-00043379": "the text in the block to say please wear", "igZzPZGPfUY-00159-00043380-00043583": "the mask properly", "igZzPZGPfUY-00160-00043584-00043811": "the script is not complete click the", "igZzPZGPfUY-00161-00043812-00044062": "green flag to run the script there you", "igZzPZGPfUY-00162-00044063-00044243": "have it you just use the image", "igZzPZGPfUY-00163-00044244-00044495": "classification to make your very own", "igZzPZGPfUY-00164-00044496-00044945": "mask detection project", "igZzPZGPfUY-00165-00044946-00045363": "foreign", "igZzPZGPfUY-00166-00045364-00045682": "[Music]"}}, {"audio_id": "ih9VhfK5UeA", "text": {"ih9VhfK5UeA-00000-00001037-00001295": "watching company symbiont his amount", "ih9VhfK5UeA-00001-00001296-00001556": "Aston believe that acts demonstration", "ih9VhfK5UeA-00002-00001557-00001796": "for insurance industry participants on", "ih9VhfK5UeA-00003-00001797-00002021": "the advantage of September organizes", "ih9VhfK5UeA-00004-00002022-00002225": "will try initiate a slap conflict", "ih9VhfK5UeA-00005-00002226-00002425": "between two hypothetical parties", "ih9VhfK5UeA-00006-00002426-00002575": "according to the blockchain that come", "ih9VhfK5UeA-00007-00002576-00002782": "but this Pass will track what each", "ih9VhfK5UeA-00008-00002783-00003040": "party's at all times with the likes and", "ih9VhfK5UeA-00009-00003041-00003365": "subscribe to our Channel"}}, {"audio_id": "ihOZbzkOBPY", "text": {"ihOZbzkOBPY-00000-00000096-00000440": "laughs", "ihOZbzkOBPY-00001-00000441-00001286": "[Applause]", "ihOZbzkOBPY-00002-00001287-00002500": "[Music]", "ihOZbzkOBPY-00003-00002501-00003148": "[Music]"}}, {"audio_id": "ihSFG2B9Yau", "text": {"ihSFG2B9Yau-00000-00000000-00000663": "thank you", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00001-00000664-00002756": "[Music]", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00002-00002757-00004379": "[Music]", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00003-00004380-00004481": "no no", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00004-00004482-00004553": "no no no no no no no no no no no no no", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00005-00004554-00004636": "no no no no no no no no no no no no no", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00006-00004637-00004822": "no no no no no no no no no no no no no", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00007-00004823-00005152": "no no no no no no no no no no no no no", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00008-00005153-00005272": "no", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00009-00005273-00005472": "no", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00010-00005473-00005833": "no no no no no no no no no no no no no", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00011-00005834-00006136": "no no no no no no no no no no no no no", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00012-00006137-00006245": "no no no no no", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00013-00006246-00006334": "no no no no no no no no no no no no no", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00014-00006335-00006460": "no no no no no no", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00015-00006461-00006550": "no no no no no no no no no no no no no", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00016-00006551-00006610": "no no no no no no no no no no no no no", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00017-00006611-00006689": "no no no no no no no no no no no no no", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00018-00006690-00006791": "no no no no no no no no no no no no no", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00019-00006792-00007013": "no no no no no no no no no no no no", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00020-00007014-00007198": "no no no no no no no no no no no no no", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00021-00007200-00007384": "no no no no no", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00022-00007386-00007545": "foreign", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00023-00007545-00011387": "[Music]", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00024-00011388-00013033": "foreign", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00025-00013034-00013925": "[Music]", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00026-00013926-00014500": "foreign", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00027-00014501-00015191": "[Music]", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00028-00015191-00021136": "foreign", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00029-00021137-00021605": "in", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00030-00021606-00023399": "them", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00031-00023400-00025968": "foreign", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00032-00025969-00027161": "minority leader member", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00033-00027162-00027431": "uh 100 million", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00034-00027432-00028427": "military", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00035-00028427-00029213": "before", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00036-00029214-00029695": "[Music]", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00037-00029695-00030224": "Ministry of Finance Qatar works", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00038-00030225-00032052": "[Music]", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00039-00032054-00032940": "give me because", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00040-00032941-00035230": "solar systems", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00041-00035231-00036289": "[Music]", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00042-00036290-00036835": "as soft bribes to win elections", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00043-00036836-00038345": "[Music]", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00044-00038346-00039713": "uh", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00045-00039714-00040129": "[Music]", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00046-00040130-00040601": "company because millions millions say", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00047-00040602-00040751": "Euro", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00048-00040752-00042543": "Millions Euro foreign", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00049-00042544-00043661": "[Music]", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00050-00043662-00045665": "foreign", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00051-00045666-00046944": "foreign", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00052-00046945-00049093": "[Music]", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00053-00049094-00049277": "blue color", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00054-00049278-00051376": "in television Boone radio", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00055-00051377-00051540": "thank you", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00056-00051541-00051935": "assembly ratified over 500 million", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00057-00051936-00055369": "dollars electricity loan projects", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00058-00055370-00055849": "[Music]", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00059-00055850-00056509": "come on", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00060-00056510-00056866": "National Assembly for a", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00061-00056867-00057413": "um", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00062-00057414-00060371": "foreign", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00063-00060372-00062659": "foreign", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00064-00062660-00064399": "[Music]", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00065-00064400-00064792": "poses two years payment plan to Global", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00066-00064794-00066868": "foreign", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00067-00066869-00067661": "[Music]", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00068-00067662-00068544": "newspaper", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00069-00068545-00068879": "company learning MDI holds five", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00070-00068880-00069217": "kilometer work for health", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00071-00069218-00072971": "problems environment", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00072-00072972-00075038": "foreign", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00073-00075039-00076600": "[Music]", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00074-00076601-00077026": "thank you", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00075-00077027-00078246": "[Music]", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00076-00078247-00078550": "[Music]", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00077-00078551-00078947": "this is", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00078-00078948-00079769": "the first in first in u20 African finals", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00079-00079770-00081082": "foreign", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00080-00081083-00087088": "Espanol", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00081-00087089-00090831": "foreign", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00082-00090832-00091471": "[Music]", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00083-00091472-00091685": "seven o'clock", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00084-00091686-00093137": "uh", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00085-00093138-00093673": "angular phone the Derby Cafe", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00086-00093674-00094006": "Minnesota up to a billion in the", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00087-00094007-00099137": "Egyptian capital is foreign", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00088-00099138-00104773": "so after seven minutes", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00089-00104774-00105120": "historic Victory foreign", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00090-00105121-00105508": "[Music]", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00091-00105509-00107573": "foreign", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00092-00107574-00114125": "foreign", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00093-00114126-00114308": "is", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00094-00114309-00115184": "[Music]", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00095-00115185-00120136": "[Music]", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00096-00120138-00121193": "foreign", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00097-00121194-00121469": "Authority level continuing other Finance", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00098-00121470-00121675": "Minister member", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00099-00121676-00121954": "ex-finance Minister control member", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00100-00121955-00122107": "Amazon", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00101-00122108-00122821": "State House Concordia located", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00102-00122822-00124765": "is", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00103-00124766-00125039": "a former Finance Minister and in", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00104-00125040-00125404": "opposition opposition", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00105-00125405-00125849": "UDP trust", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00106-00125850-00126567": "um foreign", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00107-00126568-00127949": "[Music]", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00108-00127950-00132018": "foreign", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00109-00132019-00135241": "[Music]", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00110-00135242-00136252": "[Music]", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00111-00136253-00140832": "foreign", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00112-00140833-00142775": "[Music]", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00113-00142776-00148195": "foreign", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00114-00148196-00151253": "[Music]", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00115-00151254-00151411": "[Music]", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00116-00151412-00151607": "as long as", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00117-00151608-00151889": "this government is there called be mean", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00118-00151890-00159493": "foreign", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00119-00159494-00159773": "simultaneously would be asked to pee to", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00120-00159774-00160069": "cross the airport", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00121-00160070-00160516": "anticipating so it is built to ease", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00122-00160517-00162652": "Transportation Chinese", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00123-00162653-00162931": "I want you to ask the government", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00124-00162932-00163740": "is", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00125-00163741-00164459": "charging people at the dentist", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00126-00164460-00167419": "um", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00127-00167420-00168652": "that the countries is", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00128-00168653-00174647": "governing", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00129-00174648-00178228": "foreign", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00130-00178229-00179254": "continue", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00131-00179255-00181325": "um", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00132-00181326-00181751": "municipality", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00133-00181752-00182347": "Africa", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00134-00182348-00184009": "continent is", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00135-00184010-00184747": "Africa 50 award celebration", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00136-00184748-00185057": "Municipal Council", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00137-00185058-00186117": "um", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00138-00186118-00187873": "[Music]", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00139-00187874-00188357": "celebrating 50 African parents they", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00140-00188358-00190573": "foreign", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00141-00190574-00190799": "Development coming", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00142-00190800-00191819": "up tomorrow", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00143-00191820-00194249": "is", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00144-00194250-00198640": "foreign", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00145-00198641-00204886": "foreign", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00146-00204887-00213355": "okay", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00147-00213356-00215851": "actresses and Thai", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00148-00215852-00217901": "Legacy will be the host for tonight", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00149-00217902-00219439": "foreign", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00150-00219440-00220696": "[Music]", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00151-00220698-00221398": "together", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00152-00221400-00222694": "foreign", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00153-00222696-00224044": "[Music]", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00154-00224046-00227353": "foreign", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00155-00227354-00230969": "foreign foreign", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00156-00230969-00232033": "foreign", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00157-00232034-00234096": "[Music]", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00158-00234098-00234281": "come on", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00159-00234282-00234448": "buddy", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00160-00234450-00234915": "foreign", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00161-00234916-00240442": "[Music]", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00162-00240444-00240679": "We Are One in um", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00163-00240680-00241117": "you to mine your business", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00164-00241117-00247621": "is foreign", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00165-00247621-00253627": "you know", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00166-00253628-00262213": "foreign foreign", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00167-00262214-00262801": "have you ever had a foreign", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00168-00262802-00263737": "[Music]", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00169-00263738-00264962": "I mean", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00170-00264963-00269815": "[Music]", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00171-00269816-00273605": "foreign foreign", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00172-00273606-00275615": "elephant", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00173-00275616-00276686": "foreign", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00174-00276687-00280648": "[Music]", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00175-00280649-00281615": "[Music]", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00176-00281616-00283399": "volunteer", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00177-00283400-00283582": "this place", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00178-00283583-00283855": "and remember", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00179-00283856-00284710": "my name is", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00180-00284711-00285803": "assembly yeah", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00181-00285804-00296280": "foreign", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00182-00296281-00297805": "services are", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00183-00297806-00304369": "technical assistance", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00184-00304370-00305815": "foreign", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00185-00305816-00306880": "in his contribution to the ministers", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00186-00306881-00315780": "foreign", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00187-00315781-00316156": "of use of politics in the implementation", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00188-00316157-00316427": "in", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00189-00316428-00320956": "Canada foreign", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00190-00320957-00323213": "facility", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00191-00323214-00327982": "foreign", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00192-00327983-00333977": "foreign", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00193-00333978-00337858": "foreign", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00194-00337859-00339401": "okay", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00195-00339402-00343349": "I come in foreign", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00196-00343350-00348409": "foreign", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00197-00348410-00351853": "[Music]", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00198-00351854-00354606": "universal access electricity foreign", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00199-00354607-00354832": "let them", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00200-00354833-00355139": "start to implement the project as soon", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00201-00355140-00355654": "as they lay their hand on the phone so", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00202-00355655-00356010": "Mata saying", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00203-00356011-00357610": "standard news", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00204-00357611-00360773": "foreign", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00205-00360774-00363411": "uh", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00206-00363412-00366773": "[Music]", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00207-00366774-00368501": "foreign", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00208-00368502-00370595": "moment", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00209-00370596-00371254": "foreign", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00210-00371255-00371627": "is in the line with common side I", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00211-00371628-00372132": "remember it", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00212-00372133-00372647": "once is the contract of the ones is the", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00213-00372648-00373206": "contract of the head ninja", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00214-00373207-00375947": "Infinity videos", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00215-00375948-00379732": "foreign", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00216-00379733-00380351": "administrative", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00217-00380352-00380704": "I give you four what is the time now", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00218-00380705-00383447": "we can only add one side foreign", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00219-00383448-00387804": "2023", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00220-00387805-00388025": "you know", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00221-00388026-00390215": "foreign", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00222-00390216-00395699": "foreign", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00223-00395700-00397571": "foreign", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00224-00397572-00401371": "foreign", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00225-00401372-00401549": "enjoying", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00226-00401550-00406429": "foreign", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00227-00406430-00407549": "[Music]", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00228-00407550-00407752": "so important", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00229-00407753-00409697": "um", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00230-00409697-00412403": "foreign", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00231-00412404-00414439": "foreign", "ihSFG2B9Yau-00232-00414441-00415015": "[Music]"}}, {"audio_id": "ihXHY6W6yAQ", "text": {"ihXHY6W6yAQ-00000-00000104-00000286": "today we'll be solving for x in the", "ihXHY6W6yAQ-00001-00000287-00000342": "equation", "ihXHY6W6yAQ-00002-00000343-00000871": "x squared minus 4x plus 29 equals zero", "ihXHY6W6yAQ-00003-00000872-00001079": "since this quadratic cannot be factored", "ihXHY6W6yAQ-00004-00001080-00001262": "we're going to have to use the quadratic", "ihXHY6W6yAQ-00005-00001263-00001462": "formula", "ihXHY6W6yAQ-00006-00001463-00001767": "so plugging in our values here we get x", "ihXHY6W6yAQ-00007-00001768-00002071": "equals positive 4 plus or minus the", "ihXHY6W6yAQ-00008-00002072-00002183": "square root", "ihXHY6W6yAQ-00009-00002184-00002534": "of negative 4 squared minus 4", "ihXHY6W6yAQ-00010-00002535-00002966": "times 29 times 1 all divided by", "ihXHY6W6yAQ-00011-00002967-00003286": "two times one", "ihXHY6W6yAQ-00012-00003288-00003463": "now working this out under the square", "ihXHY6W6yAQ-00013-00003464-00003703": "root we get x equals four", "ihXHY6W6yAQ-00014-00003704-00004054": "plus or minus the square root of sixteen", "ihXHY6W6yAQ-00015-00004055-00004479": "minus one hundred sixteen all divided by", "ihXHY6W6yAQ-00016-00004480-00004822": "two now sixteen minus one hundred", "ihXHY6W6yAQ-00017-00004823-00004886": "sixteen", "ihXHY6W6yAQ-00018-00004887-00005215": "gives us negative one hundred we can't", "ihXHY6W6yAQ-00019-00005216-00005383": "take the square root of a negative so", "ihXHY6W6yAQ-00020-00005384-00005663": "this equation has no real solutions", "ihXHY6W6yAQ-00021-00005664-00005879": "but we can find the complex solutions by", "ihXHY6W6yAQ-00022-00005880-00006063": "breaking up the square root of negative", "ihXHY6W6yAQ-00023-00006064-00006422": "one hundred", "ihXHY6W6yAQ-00024-00006423-00006775": "into the square root of one hundred", "ihXHY6W6yAQ-00025-00006776-00007055": "times the square root of negative one", "ihXHY6W6yAQ-00026-00007056-00007191": "this gives us 10", "ihXHY6W6yAQ-00027-00007192-00007567": "times i and plugging this back into", "ihXHY6W6yAQ-00028-00007568-00007878": "our solution we get x equals 4", "ihXHY6W6yAQ-00029-00007879-00008287": "plus or minus 10 i over 2.", "ihXHY6W6yAQ-00030-00008288-00008487": "breaking them up into separate fractions", "ihXHY6W6yAQ-00031-00008488-00008671": "we get x equals", "ihXHY6W6yAQ-00032-00008672-00008983": "four over two plus or minus ten", "ihXHY6W6yAQ-00033-00008984-00009359": "i over two we can simplify this", "ihXHY6W6yAQ-00034-00009360-00009695": "to give us x equals two plus or minus", "ihXHY6W6yAQ-00035-00009696-00009855": "five i", "ihXHY6W6yAQ-00036-00009856-00010392": "so these are complex solutions"}}, {"audio_id": "iim2DNgmIbu", "text": {"iim2DNgmIbu-00000-00000000-00001536": "[Music]", "iim2DNgmIbu-00001-00001537-00002092": "thank you", "iim2DNgmIbu-00002-00002093-00005449": "[Music]", "iim2DNgmIbu-00003-00005450-00006009": "thank you", "iim2DNgmIbu-00004-00006010-00008749": "[Music]", "iim2DNgmIbu-00005-00008750-00008999": "thank you", "iim2DNgmIbu-00006-00009000-00010180": "[Music]"}}, {"audio_id": "iix8qVgWNCU", "text": {"iix8qVgWNCU-00000-00000336-00000567": "hi my name is mihan bruce and today i'm", "iix8qVgWNCU-00001-00000568-00000807": "going to talk about hygienic couplings", "iix8qVgWNCU-00002-00000808-00000966": "i'm going to show you the most common", "iix8qVgWNCU-00003-00000967-00001239": "couplings designed for food cosmetical", "iix8qVgWNCU-00004-00001240-00001478": "pharmaceutical chemical industry and", "iix8qVgWNCU-00005-00001479-00001647": "biotechnology depending on the", "iix8qVgWNCU-00006-00001648-00001798": "application the coupling must have", "iix8qVgWNCU-00007-00001800-00002023": "certain hygienic characteristics it must", "iix8qVgWNCU-00008-00002023-00002255": "be made of specific material must be", "iix8qVgWNCU-00009-00002256-00002487": "easy to clean and sterilize hygienic", "iix8qVgWNCU-00010-00002488-00002695": "pipelines and couplings are typically", "iix8qVgWNCU-00011-00002696-00003063": "made of 304 and 316 stainless steel the", "iix8qVgWNCU-00012-00003064-00003279": "design of the coupling must be free of", "iix8qVgWNCU-00013-00003279-00003663": "any kind of curvases dead spaces angular", "iix8qVgWNCU-00014-00003664-00003927": "vents and roof surface because they are", "iix8qVgWNCU-00015-00003928-00004175": "difficult to clean product particles may", "iix8qVgWNCU-00016-00004176-00004431": "be rotated in this spot and encourage", "iix8qVgWNCU-00017-00004432-00004670": "the ground of microorganisms i have", "iix8qVgWNCU-00018-00004671-00004870": "prepared five house assemblies with five", "iix8qVgWNCU-00019-00004871-00005079": "different hygienic cappings if the", "iix8qVgWNCU-00020-00005080-00005270": "fitting of the coupling has a corrugated", "iix8qVgWNCU-00021-00005271-00005567": "hose tank and is used on a rubber hose", "iix8qVgWNCU-00022-00005568-00005759": "then you can mount it with a safety", "iix8qVgWNCU-00023-00005760-00006047": "clamp or prep it with a ferrule while", "iix8qVgWNCU-00024-00006048-00006286": "for a smooth hose tail used on rubber", "iix8qVgWNCU-00025-00006287-00006623": "and plastic hoses use safety clamps", "iix8qVgWNCU-00026-00006623-00006806": "so let's take a closer look at the", "iix8qVgWNCU-00027-00006808-00007198": "scopics the first type is dean 11851", "iix8qVgWNCU-00028-00007200-00007431": "couplings which in this particular", "iix8qVgWNCU-00029-00007431-00007687": "example is cramped with a ferrule on a", "iix8qVgWNCU-00030-00007688-00007983": "ptfe colorful house these cuppings are", "iix8qVgWNCU-00031-00007984-00008223": "widely used in the diary food and", "iix8qVgWNCU-00032-00008224-00008446": "chemical industry they are threaded", "iix8qVgWNCU-00033-00008447-00008783": "couplings with round 33 edges they are", "iix8qVgWNCU-00034-00008784-00009023": "two couplings parts a male and a female", "iix8qVgWNCU-00035-00009024-00009271": "part they come with d shape seal made of", "iix8qVgWNCU-00036-00009272-00009623": "epdm rubber silicon and beer rubber or", "iix8qVgWNCU-00037-00009624-00009846": "vitamin the cuppings are available in", "iix8qVgWNCU-00038-00009847-00010199": "diameter from 10 to 150 millimeters the", "iix8qVgWNCU-00039-00010200-00010406": "maximum allowable working pressure of", "iix8qVgWNCU-00040-00010407-00010823": "the coupling is 580 pci for diameters", "iix8qVgWNCU-00041-00010824-00011059": "from 10 to 40 millimeters", "iix8qVgWNCU-00042-00011060-00011495": "362 psi for diameters from 50 to 100", "iix8qVgWNCU-00043-00011496-00011919": "millimeters and 232 psi for diameters", "iix8qVgWNCU-00044-00011920-00012142": "from 125", "iix8qVgWNCU-00045-00012143-00012487": "to 150 millimeters another type of", "iix8qVgWNCU-00046-00012488-00012855": "coupling is sms coupling also mounted on", "iix8qVgWNCU-00047-00012856-00013158": "ptfe coral from house but this time in", "iix8qVgWNCU-00048-00013159-00013399": "still bright these couplings are very", "iix8qVgWNCU-00049-00013400-00013671": "similar to being couplings they also", "iix8qVgWNCU-00050-00013672-00013935": "consist of two different parts a female", "iix8qVgWNCU-00051-00013936-00014279": "and male part a seal and a cup they are", "iix8qVgWNCU-00052-00014280-00014583": "used in diary and food industry they", "iix8qVgWNCU-00053-00014584-00014879": "also have round urdu treat the couplings", "iix8qVgWNCU-00054-00014880-00015179": "are designed for pipes according to iso", "iix8qVgWNCU-00055-00015180-00015399": "2037 standard", "iix8qVgWNCU-00056-00015400-00015591": "they have a flat ceiling face so", "iix8qVgWNCU-00057-00015591-00015766": "pipeline section can be easily", "iix8qVgWNCU-00058-00015768-00015983": "dismantled for cleaning", "iix8qVgWNCU-00059-00015984-00016215": "a standard seal has a square cross", "iix8qVgWNCU-00060-00016216-00016327": "section", "iix8qVgWNCU-00061-00016328-00016791": "and comes in ptfe python epdm or nbl", "iix8qVgWNCU-00062-00016792-00017127": "rubber the couplings are made of 316", "iix8qVgWNCU-00063-00017128-00017419": "steel their maximum working pressure is", "iix8qVgWNCU-00064-00017420-00017791": "217 psi they are available in diameters", "iix8qVgWNCU-00065-00017792-00018094": "from 25 to 100 millimeters to", "iix8qVgWNCU-00066-00018095-00018294": "distinguish these two couplings quickly", "iix8qVgWNCU-00067-00018295-00018527": "and easily you have to check the profile", "iix8qVgWNCU-00068-00018528-00018719": "of the nuts first", "iix8qVgWNCU-00069-00018720-00018991": "the bevelle edge of sms net is longer", "iix8qVgWNCU-00070-00018992-00019279": "and at a smaller angle that than of dim", "iix8qVgWNCU-00071-00019280-00019543": "couplings sms nut has more", "iix8qVgWNCU-00072-00019544-00019735": "characteristic slots", "iix8qVgWNCU-00073-00019736-00019999": "the end of the cupping is floured at 90", "iix8qVgWNCU-00074-00020000-00020279": "degrees unlike ding cuppings another", "iix8qVgWNCU-00075-00020280-00020486": "coupling perhaps not as popular as the", "iix8qVgWNCU-00076-00020487-00020791": "previous two is idf cupping here the", "iix8qVgWNCU-00077-00020792-00021014": "coupling is mounted on master milk house", "iix8qVgWNCU-00078-00021015-00021263": "assembly as you can easily guess this", "iix8qVgWNCU-00079-00021264-00021478": "hose assembly is intended for milk", "iix8qVgWNCU-00080-00021479-00021743": "transfer as is idea of cupping it is", "iix8qVgWNCU-00081-00021744-00021975": "used in the diary industry and food", "iix8qVgWNCU-00082-00021976-00022214": "industry the coupling has a diapered", "iix8qVgWNCU-00083-00022215-00022414": "thread it is designed for pipes", "iix8qVgWNCU-00084-00022415-00022627": "according to", "iix8qVgWNCU-00085-00022628-00022943": "bs4825-4 standard the couplings contains", "iix8qVgWNCU-00086-00022944-00023127": "a rubber seal with t-shaped cross", "iix8qVgWNCU-00087-00023128-00023383": "section which perfectly fills up the", "iix8qVgWNCU-00088-00023384-00023622": "surface between mating parts for", "iix8qVgWNCU-00089-00023623-00023855": "effectively safe cleaning and relative", "iix8qVgWNCU-00090-00023856-00024222": "high level of hygiene it's made of 360", "iix8qVgWNCU-00091-00024223-00024471": "stainless steel maximum allowable", "iix8qVgWNCU-00092-00024472-00024642": "working pressure is", "iix8qVgWNCU-00093-00024643-00025063": "232 psi the couplings come in diameters", "iix8qVgWNCU-00094-00025064-00025358": "from 25 to 100 millimeters", "iix8qVgWNCU-00095-00025359-00025583": "another but not last cupping i'm going", "iix8qVgWNCU-00096-00025584-00025887": "to show you today is rgt cupping it's", "iix8qVgWNCU-00097-00025888-00026087": "mounted on scotland house assembly", "iix8qVgWNCU-00098-00026088-00026383": "intended for example for alcohol rgt", "iix8qVgWNCU-00099-00026383-00026670": "couplings are very popular in dairy", "iix8qVgWNCU-00100-00026672-00026951": "industry and food industry in the uk", "iix8qVgWNCU-00101-00026952-00027143": "they are threaded the treats are of it", "iix8qVgWNCU-00102-00027144-00027407": "war form this coupling as our previous", "iix8qVgWNCU-00103-00027408-00027655": "ones consist of two parts female and", "iix8qVgWNCU-00104-00027656-00027935": "male and seal and another and ticker", "iix8qVgWNCU-00105-00027936-00028231": "ring in nbr or pdm rubber seals the", "iix8qVgWNCU-00106-00028232-00028527": "couplings it can be easily dismantled as", "iix8qVgWNCU-00107-00028527-00028695": "the crevices is pretty large the", "iix8qVgWNCU-00108-00028695-00028911": "couplings are not particularly suitable", "iix8qVgWNCU-00109-00028912-00029135": "for cleaning in place their maximum", "iix8qVgWNCU-00110-00029136-00029502": "working pressure is 145 psi these", "iix8qVgWNCU-00111-00029504-00029758": "couplings just like idf couplings come", "iix8qVgWNCU-00112-00029760-00030095": "in size from 25 to 100 millimeters and", "iix8qVgWNCU-00113-00030095-00030327": "the last coupling which is quite popular", "iix8qVgWNCU-00114-00030327-00030535": "partly because of the way it is", "iix8qVgWNCU-00115-00030536-00030662": "installed", "iix8qVgWNCU-00116-00030663-00030935": "is strict rover or three clamp coupling", "iix8qVgWNCU-00117-00030936-00031143": "this particular coupling is crimped with", "iix8qVgWNCU-00118-00031144-00031358": "a ferrule on a silicone hose the", "iix8qVgWNCU-00119-00031360-00031614": "couplings are symmetrical flange you can", "iix8qVgWNCU-00120-00031616-00031879": "notice that there is no nut here a very", "iix8qVgWNCU-00121-00031880-00032127": "handy clamp is used to connect the two", "iix8qVgWNCU-00122-00032127-00032407": "flange really fast as you can see this", "iix8qVgWNCU-00123-00032408-00032695": "specifically shaped seals sits precisely", "iix8qVgWNCU-00124-00032695-00032999": "in the growth of the flange the seal in", "iix8qVgWNCU-00125-00033000-00033390": "silicon ptfe vitamin epdm or npr rubber", "iix8qVgWNCU-00126-00033391-00033639": "entirely fills up the cravings between", "iix8qVgWNCU-00127-00033640-00033871": "two flanges and third ensures", "iix8qVgWNCU-00128-00033872-00034046": "unrestricted flow", "iix8qVgWNCU-00129-00034047-00034343": "path and very high level of hygienic of", "iix8qVgWNCU-00130-00034344-00034462": "the coupling", "iix8qVgWNCU-00131-00034463-00034655": "that is why truck rubber couplings are", "iix8qVgWNCU-00132-00034656-00034846": "used in many applications in", "iix8qVgWNCU-00133-00034847-00035095": "pharmaceutical industry cosmetical and", "iix8qVgWNCU-00134-00035096-00035367": "bio technology for liquid and high", "iix8qVgWNCU-00135-00035368-00035630": "viscosity media it's specific to tree", "iix8qVgWNCU-00136-00035631-00035879": "cover couplings that the outer diameter", "iix8qVgWNCU-00137-00035880-00036102": "of the flange and inner diameter of the", "iix8qVgWNCU-00138-00036103-00036318": "outlet correspond to each other and to", "iix8qVgWNCU-00139-00036319-00036527": "the inner diameter of the pipes in the", "iix8qVgWNCU-00140-00036528-00036862": "pipeline they are made of 360 sinus", "iix8qVgWNCU-00141-00036863-00037102": "steel generally three gravel couplings", "iix8qVgWNCU-00142-00037103-00037335": "feature very high internal surface", "iix8qVgWNCU-00143-00037336-00037518": "finish the working pressure for the", "iix8qVgWNCU-00144-00037519-00037759": "couplings alone depends on the size of", "iix8qVgWNCU-00145-00037760-00038051": "the couplings and type of clamps it's", "iix8qVgWNCU-00146-00038052-00038562": "232 psi minimum up to 2 inch size", "iix8qVgWNCU-00147-00038563-00039135": "145 psi for size above 2 inch", "iix8qVgWNCU-00148-00039136-00039311": "that's all for today thanks for watching", "iix8qVgWNCU-00149-00039312-00039439": "and don't forget to check out our", "iix8qVgWNCU-00150-00039440-00039641": "channel for more videos", "iix8qVgWNCU-00151-00039642-00040765": "[Music]"}}, {"audio_id": "iiakPABFZI8", "text": {"iiakPABFZI8-00000-00000000-00000358": "music production reminder", "iiakPABFZI8-00001-00000359-00014775": "[Music]", "iiakPABFZI8-00002-00014776-00015043": "do", "iiakPABFZI8-00003-00015044-00020983": "[Music]", "iiakPABFZI8-00004-00020984-00021384": "music production reminder"}}, {"audio_id": "ij1BmOffrGI", "text": {"ij1BmOffrGI-00000-00000017-00000359": "video game hey there everyone this is", "ij1BmOffrGI-00001-00000360-00000617": "alcohol playing Vancouver 2010 somehow", "ij1BmOffrGI-00002-00000618-00000769": "playing a whole year", "ij1BmOffrGI-00003-00000770-00001073": "2010 is next though it's not part of", "ij1BmOffrGI-00004-00001074-00001181": "this game", "ij1BmOffrGI-00005-00001182-00001385": "it's the next year it's the nearest that", "ij1BmOffrGI-00006-00001386-00001660": "follows playing this game in fact so we", "ij1BmOffrGI-00007-00001661-00002045": "stopped just short of having a talk with", "ij1BmOffrGI-00008-00002046-00002434": "our old pal Metal Sonic right up here", "ij1BmOffrGI-00009-00002435-00002831": "but I've Got The Power of Knuckles with", "ij1BmOffrGI-00010-00002832-00003208": "me pressing the wrong button as I found", "ij1BmOffrGI-00011-00003209-00003388": "a heart inside", "ij1BmOffrGI-00012-00003389-00003659": "urn I guess this earn was imported from", "ij1BmOffrGI-00013-00003660-00003965": "Hyrule here's another hard it's pretty", "ij1BmOffrGI-00014-00003965-00004313": "weird so I'm gonna go ahead like so last", "ij1BmOffrGI-00015-00004314-00004775": "time I'm fine negative guy we was", "ij1BmOffrGI-00016-00004776-00004991": "basically two games together right so", "ij1BmOffrGI-00017-00004992-00005152": "I'm wondering if that's what it's going", "ij1BmOffrGI-00018-00005153-00005495": "to be with Mr Mr Smiley here", "ij1BmOffrGI-00019-00005496-00005711": "let's find out", "ij1BmOffrGI-00020-00005712-00006052": "what's up wow everyone's cannot everyone", "ij1BmOffrGI-00021-00006053-00006436": "confuses hedgehogs Hedgehog blindness", "ij1BmOffrGI-00022-00006437-00006653": "Israel", "ij1BmOffrGI-00023-00006654-00006955": "yeah that's the only thing that can mean", "ij1BmOffrGI-00024-00006956-00007337": "he's so mad being called Sonic look at", "ij1BmOffrGI-00025-00007338-00007660": "him yeah and that's your fault toad this", "ij1BmOffrGI-00026-00007661-00007978": "is where you used as a counter in Smash", "ij1BmOffrGI-00027-00007979-00008260": "okay oh we haven't played that in a", "ij1BmOffrGI-00028-00008261-00008374": "while", "ij1BmOffrGI-00029-00008375-00008603": "all right uh", "ij1BmOffrGI-00030-00008604-00008881": "looking forward to struggle", "ij1BmOffrGI-00031-00008882-00009287": "like I play that like once and it went", "ij1BmOffrGI-00032-00009288-00009646": "all right but uh I feel like it was luck", "ij1BmOffrGI-00033-00009647-00009892": "more than anything", "ij1BmOffrGI-00034-00009893-00010145": "all right be Metal Sonic let's go I", "ij1BmOffrGI-00035-00010146-00010273": "haven't forgot", "ij1BmOffrGI-00036-00010274-00010685": "what is with that spinny move Mill Sonic", "ij1BmOffrGI-00037-00010686-00010987": "practicing is super moves for potential", "ij1BmOffrGI-00038-00010988-00011345": "fighting game here is what it feels like", "ij1BmOffrGI-00039-00011346-00011705": "hey one's leaning weirdly", "ij1BmOffrGI-00040-00011706-00011987": "I wasn't ready", "ij1BmOffrGI-00041-00011988-00012284": "all right well you didn't like that", "ij1BmOffrGI-00042-00012285-00012449": "[Music]", "ij1BmOffrGI-00043-00012450-00012595": "oh boy", "ij1BmOffrGI-00044-00012596-00012874": "oh that was perfect somehow okay all", "ij1BmOffrGI-00045-00012875-00013019": "right well we're perfect", "ij1BmOffrGI-00046-00013019-00013366": "then we go in the Rings we're going to", "ij1BmOffrGI-00047-00013368-00013505": "rings", "ij1BmOffrGI-00048-00013506-00013894": "so this is not a race this is a match of", "ij1BmOffrGI-00049-00013895-00014086": "efficiency", "ij1BmOffrGI-00050-00014087-00014416": "trying to be efficient and go as far as", "ij1BmOffrGI-00051-00014418-00014735": "possible I think right", "ij1BmOffrGI-00052-00014736-00015085": "together into rings to like get more", "ij1BmOffrGI-00053-00015086-00015443": "engine energy going and I'm doing kind", "ij1BmOffrGI-00054-00015444-00015833": "of a bad job at that that's okay", "ij1BmOffrGI-00055-00015834-00016066": "yeah I am apps like I'm I feel like I'm", "ij1BmOffrGI-00056-00016068-00016241": "missing all the Rings", "ij1BmOffrGI-00057-00016241-00016499": "like I'm not doing it on purpose", "ij1BmOffrGI-00058-00016500-00016919": "all right I feel like my limb is okay I", "ij1BmOffrGI-00059-00016920-00017057": "guess", "ij1BmOffrGI-00060-00017058-00017297": "where is he though like I'm looking on", "ij1BmOffrGI-00061-00017298-00017647": "the map it doesn't really say", "ij1BmOffrGI-00062-00017648-00017861": "all right maybe I can land on that", "ij1BmOffrGI-00063-00017862-00018029": "island and we'll see what happens no I", "ij1BmOffrGI-00064-00018030-00018275": "can see on the map on Tom that he is", "ij1BmOffrGI-00065-00018276-00018575": "above of me yeah I just kind of missed", "ij1BmOffrGI-00066-00018576-00018808": "all the all the Rings like that's just", "ij1BmOffrGI-00067-00018809-00019000": "what happened", "ij1BmOffrGI-00068-00019001-00019427": "some sidewind here for fun land it", "ij1BmOffrGI-00069-00019428-00019613": "oh wait what", "ij1BmOffrGI-00070-00019614-00019744": "I", "ij1BmOffrGI-00071-00019745-00020044": "that didn't look like like if", "ij1BmOffrGI-00072-00020045-00020303": "I didn't look like I like the meter said", "ij1BmOffrGI-00073-00020304-00020549": "I was like above like I wasn't at zero", "ij1BmOffrGI-00074-00020550-00020891": "but I guess the meter marker is like", "ij1BmOffrGI-00075-00020892-00021064": "above sea level", "ij1BmOffrGI-00076-00021065-00021358": "and the ice is above sea so I got", "ij1BmOffrGI-00077-00021359-00021736": "tricked I feel like I got bamboozled", "ij1BmOffrGI-00078-00021737-00022117": "all right so man I feel like I did okay", "ij1BmOffrGI-00079-00022118-00022517": "except I kept missing all the Rings so", "ij1BmOffrGI-00080-00022518-00022739": "let's try that again", "ij1BmOffrGI-00081-00022740-00023117": "that's fine", "ij1BmOffrGI-00082-00023118-00023572": "male Sonic suffering some indigestion", "ij1BmOffrGI-00083-00023573-00023789": "okay well this time I actually like went", "ij1BmOffrGI-00084-00023790-00024180": "in front of them that's a good start", "ij1BmOffrGI-00085-00024181-00024461": "oh and you like it turns out I think", "ij1BmOffrGI-00086-00024462-00024628": "diagonal is easier to do than straight", "ij1BmOffrGI-00087-00024629-00024928": "up like I think that's my main thing now", "ij1BmOffrGI-00088-00024929-00025067": "I got", "ij1BmOffrGI-00089-00025068-00025450": "ta have something all right so how do", "ij1BmOffrGI-00090-00025451-00025631": "you use that huh", "ij1BmOffrGI-00091-00025632-00025961": "I don't know like I got that", "ij1BmOffrGI-00092-00025962-00026146": "but like what does it mean", "ij1BmOffrGI-00093-00026147-00026512": "how do you use", "ij1BmOffrGI-00094-00026513-00026867": "okay so I double tapped it and I don't", "ij1BmOffrGI-00095-00026868-00027077": "know got launched forward", "ij1BmOffrGI-00096-00027077-00027301": "very exciting", "ij1BmOffrGI-00097-00027302-00027664": "and dang these Rings is not the easiest", "ij1BmOffrGI-00098-00027666-00027989": "thing in the world", "ij1BmOffrGI-00099-00027989-00028177": "oh that's super normal", "ij1BmOffrGI-00100-00028177-00028702": "Chaos Control because it's Tails control", "ij1BmOffrGI-00101-00028704-00029020": "science control", "ij1BmOffrGI-00102-00029022-00029518": "all right so okay so fuzzman he's behind", "ij1BmOffrGI-00103-00029519-00029633": "me", "ij1BmOffrGI-00104-00029633-00029989": "but he's still moving forward", "ij1BmOffrGI-00105-00029989-00030461": "so am I except I'm way further ahead", "ij1BmOffrGI-00106-00030462-00030731": "I'm gonna hope to land on that chunk of", "ij1BmOffrGI-00107-00030732-00030940": "ice so you can't rely on a meter like it", "ij1BmOffrGI-00108-00030941-00031157": "just kind of feels silly to me", "ij1BmOffrGI-00109-00031158-00031379": "the the height meter you know like it's", "ij1BmOffrGI-00110-00031380-00031624": "there to tell me my height but yeah if", "ij1BmOffrGI-00111-00031625-00032014": "it's phased on the sea level I don't", "ij1BmOffrGI-00112-00032016-00032362": "know how high the ice is", "ij1BmOffrGI-00113-00032363-00032573": "I'm landing I'm landing I'm landing I", "ij1BmOffrGI-00114-00032574-00033024": "did not land I got it bad", "ij1BmOffrGI-00115-00033025-00033344": "but I did it anyways rewarded", "ij1BmOffrGI-00116-00033345-00033724": "[Laughter]", "ij1BmOffrGI-00117-00033725-00033989": "I feel like that's just a byproduct of", "ij1BmOffrGI-00118-00033990-00034240": "getting the items but yeah this is a", "ij1BmOffrGI-00119-00034241-00034690": "game where your entire goal is to uh you", "ij1BmOffrGI-00120-00034691-00034955": "know do things no kidding", "ij1BmOffrGI-00121-00034956-00035237": "focus on getting the Rings getting the", "ij1BmOffrGI-00122-00035238-00035568": "power ups and you will fly through", "ij1BmOffrGI-00123-00035569-00035909": "cyberspace congratulation", "ij1BmOffrGI-00124-00035910-00036209": "now this robot will be mad how can you", "ij1BmOffrGI-00125-00036210-00036371": "tell I don't think his facial expression", "ij1BmOffrGI-00126-00036372-00036546": "actually changes", "ij1BmOffrGI-00127-00036547-00036839": "something's wrong with Metal Sonic", "ij1BmOffrGI-00128-00036840-00037127": "okay well there he goes", "ij1BmOffrGI-00129-00037128-00037612": "well there's stuff going on up there", "ij1BmOffrGI-00130-00037613-00037745": "really", "ij1BmOffrGI-00131-00037746-00037967": "is gonna dream about electric sheeps", "ij1BmOffrGI-00132-00037968-00038183": "probably", "ij1BmOffrGI-00133-00038184-00038368": "so that was like half of half of spiral", "ij1BmOffrGI-00134-00038369-00038674": "golden the game wants me to save I will", "ij1BmOffrGI-00135-00038675-00039011": "take the offer but we'll keep poking", "ij1BmOffrGI-00136-00039012-00039109": "around", "ij1BmOffrGI-00137-00039110-00039515": "welcome to New sparkleton", "ij1BmOffrGI-00138-00039516-00039946": "snowman has hats not anymore", "ij1BmOffrGI-00139-00039947-00040127": "there's a pipe", "ij1BmOffrGI-00140-00040128-00040552": "hey guy how's it going", "ij1BmOffrGI-00141-00040553-00040873": "no why would I think that", "ij1BmOffrGI-00142-00040874-00041171": "what is wrong with you small mushroom", "ij1BmOffrGI-00143-00041172-00041483": "person that is complete nonsense what", "ij1BmOffrGI-00144-00041484-00041705": "you're saying and that's when this known", "ij1BmOffrGI-00145-00041706-00041927": "pops up is like squirreling into tight", "ij1BmOffrGI-00146-00041928-00042262": "holes that's what I do oh that's not", "ij1BmOffrGI-00147-00042263-00042437": "good when I thought it would all right", "ij1BmOffrGI-00148-00042438-00042707": "well here's the thing here's a while I", "ij1BmOffrGI-00149-00042708-00042871": "don't understand", "ij1BmOffrGI-00150-00042872-00043337": "big goal of cyber wall a doing cyber", "ij1BmOffrGI-00151-00043338-00043612": "walls there's like fresh lights", "ij1BmOffrGI-00152-00043613-00043883": "five buttons", "ij1BmOffrGI-00153-00043884-00044080": "password you have to push the ones are", "ij1BmOffrGI-00154-00044081-00044440": "flashing how we're gonna do that", "ij1BmOffrGI-00155-00044441-00044668": "all right we need someone who has", "ij1BmOffrGI-00156-00044669-00045118": "distance long arms oh let's", "ij1BmOffrGI-00157-00045119-00045449": "oh no I know why you're referring to", "ij1BmOffrGI-00158-00045450-00045646": "here here's a wall we're gonna have to", "ij1BmOffrGI-00159-00045647-00046049": "press buttons press buns", "ij1BmOffrGI-00160-00046050-00046361": "uh flap wagons that's not true", "ij1BmOffrGI-00161-00046362-00046649": "if you ever find a button out there out", "ij1BmOffrGI-00162-00046650-00046990": "in the wild don't expect to Flap a wagon", "ij1BmOffrGI-00163-00046991-00047308": "if espresso that's just that's just not", "ij1BmOffrGI-00164-00047309-00047524": "really something that happens in real", "ij1BmOffrGI-00165-00047525-00047896": "life I know I know it's pretty pretty", "ij1BmOffrGI-00166-00047897-00048202": "sad to hear can't believe you have to", "ij1BmOffrGI-00167-00048203-00048358": "hear it from me though science is my", "ij1BmOffrGI-00168-00048359-00048635": "main event here I would love to have the", "ij1BmOffrGI-00169-00048636-00048899": "exclamation mark appear on the thing on", "ij1BmOffrGI-00170-00048900-00049030": "the map", "ij1BmOffrGI-00171-00049031-00049318": "like can I talk it and refuse maybe me", "ij1BmOffrGI-00172-00049319-00049415": "be", "ij1BmOffrGI-00173-00049416-00049601": "ski shooting", "ij1BmOffrGI-00174-00049602-00050057": "I don't adapt to it no I'm not", "ij1BmOffrGI-00175-00050058-00050501": "this is me exploring North sparkleton I", "ij1BmOffrGI-00176-00050502-00050680": "will come back but this is just getting", "ij1BmOffrGI-00177-00050681-00050921": "away on the land and putting all the", "ij1BmOffrGI-00178-00050922-00051190": "punctuation marks on what are you doing", "ij1BmOffrGI-00179-00051191-00051496": "there on the ciao you fool oh your voice", "ij1BmOffrGI-00180-00051497-00051779": "is so deep", "ij1BmOffrGI-00181-00051779-00052007": "I don't know what I think about anything", "ij1BmOffrGI-00182-00052008-00052258": "what doesn't look like we can do", "ij1BmOffrGI-00183-00052259-00052565": "anything oh no so there's a bridge", "ij1BmOffrGI-00184-00052566-00052715": "uh-huh", "ij1BmOffrGI-00185-00052716-00052979": "all right well that's fine I guess we'll", "ij1BmOffrGI-00186-00052979-00053213": "just have to give up the Olympics are", "ij1BmOffrGI-00187-00053214-00053482": "now forever Dead Forever", "ij1BmOffrGI-00188-00053483-00053992": "oh no Amy's here in the news Amy is", "ij1BmOffrGI-00189-00053994-00054191": "firmly convinced that she is Sonic's", "ij1BmOffrGI-00190-00054191-00054287": "girlfriend", "ij1BmOffrGI-00191-00054288-00054588": "that is newsworthy", "ij1BmOffrGI-00192-00054589-00055126": "hey Amy how's it going oh you're mad", "ij1BmOffrGI-00193-00055127-00055300": "it is", "ij1BmOffrGI-00194-00055301-00055535": "no it's fine", "ij1BmOffrGI-00195-00055536-00055891": "well this is a friend and she's a girl", "ij1BmOffrGI-00196-00055891-00056050": "[Music]", "ij1BmOffrGI-00197-00056051-00056261": "this is a little Jiggly sound", "ij1BmOffrGI-00198-00056262-00056447": "why does she want to know about Tails", "ij1BmOffrGI-00199-00056448-00056938": "who cares about Amy Sonic is right here", "ij1BmOffrGI-00200-00056939-00057113": "apparently looking all over where have", "ij1BmOffrGI-00201-00057114-00057454": "you been hiding oh I see so you can't go", "ij1BmOffrGI-00202-00057455-00057742": "here if you somehow missed out on hell I", "ij1BmOffrGI-00203-00057744-00057899": "don't know if that's possible maybe it", "ij1BmOffrGI-00204-00057900-00058463": "is I think it is actually all fixed a", "ij1BmOffrGI-00205-00058464-00058685": "wizard when it comes to Mechanical", "ij1BmOffrGI-00206-00058686-00059069": "things Tail's the hero", "ij1BmOffrGI-00207-00059070-00059279": "thank you", "ij1BmOffrGI-00208-00059279-00059465": "I mean I just fix it right in front of", "ij1BmOffrGI-00209-00059466-00059704": "you Amy you would have seen that", "ij1BmOffrGI-00210-00059705-00059963": "all right everyone's like all up and", "ij1BmOffrGI-00211-00059964-00060299": "about about ski shooting", "ij1BmOffrGI-00212-00060300-00060665": "all right that's the sound she makes", "ij1BmOffrGI-00213-00060666-00060904": "later all right Amy I'm just like I said", "ij1BmOffrGI-00214-00060905-00061265": "I'm putting down punctuation marks on", "ij1BmOffrGI-00215-00061266-00061582": "the map it's a very important task that", "ij1BmOffrGI-00216-00061583-00061825": "everyone has to consider at least once", "ij1BmOffrGI-00217-00061826-00062135": "so this is a warp you can go to Frozen", "ij1BmOffrGI-00218-00062136-00062561": "or Sparkle to one or you can never mind", "ij1BmOffrGI-00219-00062562-00062921": "that's what that means on map it's a", "ij1BmOffrGI-00220-00062922-00063179": "little shape of course uh check it out", "ij1BmOffrGI-00221-00063179-00063604": "these men are now Without Hats all right", "ij1BmOffrGI-00222-00063605-00063892": "I need to use gnome powers", "ij1BmOffrGI-00223-00063894-00064176": "to access a super gross sewer system", "ij1BmOffrGI-00224-00064177-00064516": "there's the wall we need a bust might as", "ij1BmOffrGI-00225-00064517-00064756": "well put it on a map so I think yeah", "ij1BmOffrGI-00226-00064757-00065015": "it's gonna be on the map we got one game", "ij1BmOffrGI-00227-00065016-00065185": "we got two game like we got", "ij1BmOffrGI-00228-00065186-00066217": "[Music]", "ij1BmOffrGI-00229-00066218-00066694": "yeah it's Amy wow but everything is not", "ij1BmOffrGI-00230-00066695-00066838": "happening in a way that makes sense to", "ij1BmOffrGI-00231-00066839-00067061": "my brain it's pretty good it's like this", "ij1BmOffrGI-00232-00067062-00067313": "whole other section too all right oh", "ij1BmOffrGI-00233-00067314-00067709": "yeah I didn't go up there it looks like", "ij1BmOffrGI-00234-00067710-00068056": "oh we gotta gotta pop this hat here's", "ij1BmOffrGI-00235-00068057-00068417": "the news news brief the Metal Sonic yeah", "ij1BmOffrGI-00236-00068418-00068615": "that's right that's the plot of Sonic", "ij1BmOffrGI-00237-00068616-00068843": "Hero oh that's not a right button it's", "ij1BmOffrGI-00238-00068844-00069199": "does button to come Sonic the Hedgehog", "ij1BmOffrGI-00239-00069200-00069515": "you wish you could transform into Sonic", "ij1BmOffrGI-00240-00069516-00069773": "the Hedgehog with a press bun and lose", "ij1BmOffrGI-00241-00069774-00070126": "any sense of identity I would", "ij1BmOffrGI-00242-00070127-00070409": "asking for trouble oh right never mind", "ij1BmOffrGI-00243-00070410-00070763": "that's fine oh my God I gotta", "ij1BmOffrGI-00244-00070764-00070949": "yeah", "ij1BmOffrGI-00245-00070950-00071303": "I told you never mind now you're a happy", "ij1BmOffrGI-00246-00071304-00071435": "little guy", "ij1BmOffrGI-00247-00071436-00071747": "standards they're great so that's where", "ij1BmOffrGI-00248-00071748-00071873": "we arrive like there's gonna be at least", "ij1BmOffrGI-00249-00071874-00071987": "one more pipe to get in there there's", "ij1BmOffrGI-00250-00071988-00072250": "gonna be a spring probably there's a", "ij1BmOffrGI-00251-00072251-00072493": "penguin penguins are scary", "ij1BmOffrGI-00252-00072494-00072844": "whoa we found a hard inside a chest five", "ij1BmOffrGI-00253-00072845-00073144": "Hearts good all right", "ij1BmOffrGI-00254-00073145-00073409": "I got a lot of Health now", "ij1BmOffrGI-00255-00073410-00073559": "it's great all right", "ij1BmOffrGI-00256-00073560-00073787": "all right we're gonna go inside the", "ij1BmOffrGI-00257-00073788-00074087": "other pipe gonna transform and go in the", "ij1BmOffrGI-00258-00074088-00074387": "pipe uh check it out I Voyage Through", "ij1BmOffrGI-00259-00074388-00074687": "Time space is there gonna be a horse", "ij1BmOffrGI-00260-00074688-00074861": "inside his chest", "ij1BmOffrGI-00261-00074862-00075305": "no it's a bobsleigh Rodeo bomb slang", "ij1BmOffrGI-00262-00075306-00075637": "it's kind of a horse I was", "ij1BmOffrGI-00263-00075638-00076032": "upsettingly close", "ij1BmOffrGI-00264-00076033-00076456": "I don't know", "ij1BmOffrGI-00265-00076457-00076661": "all right and then you're gonna go pop", "ij1BmOffrGI-00266-00076662-00077111": "again so we got ciao we got Amy", "ij1BmOffrGI-00267-00077112-00077393": "uh we got hopefully a game there and", "ij1BmOffrGI-00268-00077394-00077561": "it's hopefully gonna be a horse and then", "ij1BmOffrGI-00269-00077562-00077711": "I can open that gate over there maybe", "ij1BmOffrGI-00270-00077712-00078082": "news brief", "ij1BmOffrGI-00271-00078083-00078269": "I mean they're younger but like like", "ij1BmOffrGI-00272-00078270-00078485": "Minna you know that's that's the thing", "ij1BmOffrGI-00273-00078486-00078641": "with twins oh no yeah so there's just", "ij1BmOffrGI-00274-00078642-00078947": "another game here but no horses", "ij1BmOffrGI-00275-00078948-00079141": "why", "ij1BmOffrGI-00276-00079142-00079367": "supersonic downhill yeah it sounds like", "ij1BmOffrGI-00277-00079368-00079637": "what we're going to be doing next time", "ij1BmOffrGI-00278-00079638-00079955": "oh okay well", "ij1BmOffrGI-00279-00079956-00080194": "I'm sorry to disappoint you for now it's", "ij1BmOffrGI-00280-00080195-00080381": "just we're gonna come back tomorrow it's", "ij1BmOffrGI-00281-00080382-00080488": "fine", "ij1BmOffrGI-00282-00080489-00080812": "so yeah I got one two three very", "ij1BmOffrGI-00283-00080813-00081088": "explicitly", "ij1BmOffrGI-00284-00081089-00081300": "but I'm missing one", "ij1BmOffrGI-00285-00081301-00081611": "oh but Amy is gonna be able to smash", "ij1BmOffrGI-00286-00081612-00081923": "that totem in Frost town and that might", "ij1BmOffrGI-00287-00081924-00082265": "be or fourth and or a Yoshi okay perfect", "ij1BmOffrGI-00288-00082266-00082541": "we got our punctuation we got a big", "ij1BmOffrGI-00289-00082542-00082744": "chunk of the map we're ready for next", "ij1BmOffrGI-00290-00082745-00082970": "time"}}, {"audio_id": "ijbEkXtAnFI", "text": {"ijbEkXtAnFI-00000-00000048-00000350": "the Mars astrobiology Explorer kasher", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00001-00000351-00000659": "max C also known as Mars 2018 mission", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00002-00000660-00000839": "was a NASA concept for a Mars rover", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00003-00000840-00001118": "mission proposed to be launched in 2018", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00004-00001119-00001332": "together with the European ExoMars Rover", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00005-00001333-00001664": "the maxi Rover concept was cancelled in", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00006-00001664-00001937": "April 2011 due to budget cuts the rover", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00007-00001938-00002090": "would have been solar powered with a", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00008-00002091-00002350": "maximum mass of 300 kilograms and based", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00009-00002351-00002507": "largely on the Curiosity rover", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00010-00002508-00002698": "components but would have entailed a", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00011-00002699-00002893": "system tailored to the specific payload", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00012-00002894-00003173": "the maxi rover would have performed an", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00013-00003174-00003470": "in-situ astrobiological exploration", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00014-00003471-00003697": "evaluate the habitability potential of", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00015-00003698-00003895": "various Martian environments and it", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00016-00003896-00004063": "would have collected documented and", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00017-00004064-00004277": "cached samples for potential return to", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00018-00004278-00004754": "Earth by a future mission", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00019-00004755-00005195": "topic history", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00020-00005196-00005474": "the essential energy water and nutrient", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00021-00005475-00005684": "requirements to support and sustain life", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00022-00005685-00005885": "on Mars are currently present and the", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00023-00005886-00006059": "Martian geologic record offers", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00024-00006060-00006221": "tantalizing clue of many ancient", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00025-00006222-00006370": "habitable environments", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00026-00006371-00006641": "if life emerged and evolved on early", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00027-00006642-00006839": "Mars then it is possible and indeed", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00028-00006840-00007045": "likely that physical or chemical bio", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00029-00007047-00007246": "signatures are preserved in the exposed", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00030-00007247-00007505": "rock record these discoveries and", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00031-00007506-00007714": "inferences make a compelling case for a", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00032-00007715-00007904": "rover mission designed to explore for", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00033-00007905-00008120": "evidence of past Martian life for over a", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00034-00008120-00008374": "decade the Mars exploration program has", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00035-00008375-00008605": "pursued a strategy of follow the water", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00036-00008606-00008858": "while this strategy has been highly", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00037-00008859-00009137": "successful in the Mars missions of 1996", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00038-00009138-00009446": "to 2007 it is increasingly appreciated", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00039-00009447-00009616": "that assessing the full astrobiological", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00040-00009617-00009838": "potential of Martian environments", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00041-00009839-00010016": "requires going beyond the identification", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00042-00010017-00010246": "of locations where liquid water was", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00043-00010247-00010535": "present thus in order to seek signs of", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00044-00010536-00010738": "past or present life on Mars it is", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00045-00010739-00010904": "necessary to characterize more", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00046-00010905-00011108": "comprehensively the macroscopic and", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00047-00011109-00011296": "microscopic fabric of sedimentary", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00048-00011297-00011591": "materials this type of information would", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00049-00011592-00011774": "be critical to select and cache of", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00050-00011775-00011963": "relevant samples for addressing the life", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00051-00011964-00012176": "question in samples intended for study", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00052-00012177-00012392": "and sophisticated laboratories on earth", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00053-00012393-00012617": "the possible strategy of using Rovers to", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00054-00012618-00012863": "collect and cache geological samples for", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00055-00012863-00013063": "possible subsequent return to Earth has", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00056-00013064-00013250": "been discussed as far back as at least", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00057-00013251-00013646": "the mid-1990s in 2007 it was recommended", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00058-00013647-00013883": "sample caching on all surface missions", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00059-00013884-00014047": "that follow the Mars Science Laboratory", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00060-00014048-00014281": "Curiosity rover in a way that would", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00061-00014282-00014488": "prepare for a relatively early return of", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00062-00014490-00014563": "samples to earth", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00063-00014565-00014944": "in mid-2007 NASA directed that a very", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00064-00014945-00015169": "simple cache be added to the Curiosity", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00065-00015170-00015331": "rover and although they endorsed the", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00066-00015332-00015521": "potential value of sample caching", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00067-00015522-00015680": "experts raised serious concerns", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00068-00015681-00015881": "regarding sample quality for this", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00069-00015882-00016228": "specific implementation in November 2008", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00070-00016229-00016415": "the cash was desculpe to make room for", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00071-00016416-00016609": "tools to clean the rover's sample", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00072-00016610-00016802": "acquisition equipment which were added", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00073-00016803-00016967": "due to sample handling problems", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00074-00016968-00017150": "encountered by the Phoenix lander the", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00075-00017151-00017321": "mid range rover concept was originally", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00076-00017322-00017525": "included in the planning work of the", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00077-00017526-00017816": "Mars architecture Tiger team Matt by the", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00078-00017817-00018097": "time of the mat 3 report in 2009 the", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00079-00018098-00018275": "potential mission was referred to with", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00080-00018276-00018418": "several different working names", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00081-00018419-00018568": "including both mid rain", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00082-00018569-00018817": "Rover and Mars prospector Rover and the", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00083-00018818-00018973": "mission concept was generically", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00084-00018974-00019165": "envisioned as including a single Mars", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00085-00019166-00019372": "Exploration Rover or Mars Science", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00086-00019373-00019585": "Laboratory Class Rover with precision", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00087-00019586-00019807": "landing and sampling caching capability", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00088-00019808-00020038": "to provide a name that fit the mission", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00089-00020039-00020275": "concept better it was changed in August", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00090-00020276-00020587": "2009 from the generic mid-range Rover mr", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00091-00020588-00020872": "r to mars astrobiology Explorer kasher", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00092-00020873-00021241": "maxi in april 2011 because of a", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00093-00021242-00021433": "budgeting crisis a proposal was", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00094-00021434-00021697": "announced to fly only one Rover in 2018", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00095-00021698-00021868": "that would be larger than either of the", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00096-00021869-00022093": "vehicles in the paired concept ExoMars", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00097-00022094-00022498": "ESA and maxi NASA one suggestion was", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00098-00022499-00022678": "that the new vehicle be built in Europe", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00099-00022679-00022876": "and take on a combination of European", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00100-00022877-00023182": "and USA instruments NASA proposed to", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00101-00023183-00023443": "provide a launch rocket in the sky crane", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00102-00023444-00023800": "landing system in February 2012 NASA", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00103-00023801-00024055": "terminated its participation in ExoMars", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00104-00024056-00024262": "due to budgetary cuts and when Congress", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00105-00024263-00024514": "reinstated funding for Mars exploration", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00106-00024515-00024712": "after a loud outcry from planetary", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00107-00024713-00024910": "scientists and enthusiasts NASA", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00108-00024911-00025186": "announced in December 2012 the Mars 2020", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00109-00025187-00025393": "Rover and later that it would indeed", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00110-00025394-00025818": "prepare a sample cash", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00111-00025819-00026337": "topic objectives", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00112-00026338-00026571": "the main objective was at a site with", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00113-00026572-00026790": "high preservation potential for physical", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00114-00026791-00027007": "and chemical bio signatures evaluate", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00115-00027008-00027186": "paleo environmental conditions", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00116-00027187-00027355": "characterize the potential for", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00117-00027356-00027540": "preservation of bio signatures and", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00118-00027541-00027789": "access multiple sequences of geological", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00119-00027790-00027973": "units in a search for evidence of past", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00120-00027974-00028311": "life and/or prebiotic chemistry samples", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00121-00028312-00028507": "necessary to achieve the scientific", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00122-00028508-00028732": "objectives of the proposed future sample", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00123-00028733-00028882": "return mission would be collected", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00124-00028883-00029083": "documented and packaged in a manner", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00125-00029083-00029301": "suitable for potential return to earth", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00126-00029302-00029476": "the primary science objective was to", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00127-00029477-00029698": "land at a site interpreted to represent", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00128-00029699-00029886": "high habitability potential and with", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00129-00029887-00030102": "high preservation potential for physical", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00130-00030103-00030385": "and chemical bio signatures early", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00131-00030386-00030661": "noachian astrobiology prebiotic", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00132-00030662-00030849": "environmental context in which life", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00133-00030850-00031195": "potentially arose noachian Hesperian", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00134-00031195-00031452": "stratigraphy weather surface conditions", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00135-00031453-00031639": "before and after the decline in erosion", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00136-00031639-00031899": "aqueous weathering flugel activity and", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00137-00031900-00032174": "magnetic field were habitable", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00138-00032175-00032418": "astrobiology test life related", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00139-00032419-00032614": "hypotheses in the context of another", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00140-00032614-00032955": "specific kind of geologic terrain sample", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00141-00032956-00033090": "collection that could have preserved", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00142-00033091-00033312": "evidence of prebiotic chemistry or life", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00143-00033313-00033537": "on Mars characterized the potential for", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00144-00033538-00033761": "the preservation of bio signatures", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00145-00033762-00034086": "methane emission from subsurface", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00146-00034087-00034488": "radiometric dating deep core drill core", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00147-00034489-00034713": "samples from a depth of approximately 2", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00148-00034714-00034998": "metres polar layered deposits", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00149-00034999-00035245": "investigate potential record of recent", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00150-00035246-00035554": "global climate changes mid latitude", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00151-00035555-00035814": "shallow ice investigate the habitability", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00152-00035815-00035995": "of mid-latitude ice and how does", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00153-00035996-00036151": "perchlorate affect the present", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00154-00036152-00036448": "habitability of Mars could mid latitude", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00155-00036449-00036645": "ice provide a resource for in situ", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00156-00036646-00036999": "resource utilization is ru a secondary", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00157-00037000-00037164": "science objective would have been to", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00158-00037165-00037279": "address the need for long-term", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00159-00037280-00037470": "atmospheric pressure data from the", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00160-00037471-00037686": "Martian surface there were studies", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00161-00037687-00037867": "evaluating the possibilities for", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00162-00037868-00038098": "cooperative science between the max seer", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00163-00038099-00038317": "over and the ExoMars Rover if landed", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00164-00038318-00038836": "together at the same location", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00165-00038837-00039255": "pick landing", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00166-00039256-00039483": "the proposed maxi mission would have", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00167-00039484-00039768": "arrived at Mars in January 2019 in the", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00168-00039769-00039969": "northern hemisphere during winter given", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00169-00039970-00040164": "the favorable atmospheric pressure at", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00170-00040165-00040314": "this season and performance of the", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00171-00040315-00040572": "skycrane delivery system due to the", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00172-00040573-00040746": "eccentricity of the Martian orbit", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00173-00040747-00040940": "latitude access for a solar-powered", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00174-00040941-00041202": "rover northern latitudes are less severe", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00175-00041203-00041355": "on the power thermal design than", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00176-00041356-00041547": "southern latitudes allowing effective", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00177-00041548-00041793": "operation at sites as far north as 25", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00178-00041794-00042021": "degrees north and as far south as 15", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00179-00042022-00042324": "degrees south given that scientifically", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00180-00042325-00042525": "interesting features often represent", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00181-00042526-00042711": "terrain that is too dangerous to land on", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00182-00042712-00042903": "the landing ellipse is often driven to", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00183-00042904-00043089": "be placed right up against but not on", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00184-00043090-00043350": "top of features of interest the result", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00185-00043351-00043551": "is that access is often a product of", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00186-00043552-00043734": "both ellipse size and rover Traverse", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00187-00043735-00043946": "capability sufficient to get outside the", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00188-00043947-00044106": "ellipse in a reasonable amount of time", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00189-00044107-00044367": "relative to the mission lifetime the", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00190-00044368-00044574": "entry descent and landing system would", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00191-00044575-00044706": "have been of high precision with a", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00192-00044707-00044961": "targeting accuracy of 7 kilometers four", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00193-00044962-00045228": "point three miles the solar powered", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00194-00045229-00045390": "Rover would have needed to have a range", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00195-00045391-00045665": "of no less than 10 kilometers 6.2 miles", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00196-00045666-00045858": "and a lifetime of at least one earth", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00197-00045859-00046273": "year", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00198-00046274-00046764": "topic Rover", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00199-00046765-00046986": "the maxi Rover would have relied on", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00200-00046987-00047199": "significant inheritance of mSL's", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00201-00047200-00047421": "Curiosity rover design flight design", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00202-00047422-00047687": "test design test and handling hardware", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00203-00047688-00047961": "to minimize cost and risk this solar", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00204-00047962-00048171": "powered Rover required a range of no", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00205-00048172-00048381": "less than twenty kilometres twelve miles", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00206-00048382-00048639": "and a lifetime of at least 500 Martian", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00207-00048640-00048893": "days soles since many of the", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00208-00048894-00049089": "geologically interesting terrains on", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00209-00049090-00049335": "Mars exposed stratified layers on slopes", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00210-00049336-00049574": "in craters channels and hillsides it", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00211-00049575-00049737": "would be extremely useful for the", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00212-00049738-00049962": "proposed maxi mission to be capable to", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00213-00049963-00050145": "navigate on slopes of up to 30 degrees", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00214-00050146-00050318": "as both of the Spirit and Opportunity", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00215-00050319-00050646": "Murs have done the mass would have been", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00216-00050647-00050883": "about 300 kilograms bigger than the mers", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00217-00050884-00051093": "comparable in mass to the ExoMars Rover", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00218-00051094-00051629": "but lighter than the Curiosity rover", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00219-00051630-00052263": "topic proposed science instrumentation", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00220-00052264-00052428": "the rover would have carried", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00221-00052429-00052587": "instrumentation sufficient to", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00222-00052588-00052776": "scientifically select samples for", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00223-00052777-00052995": "caching it was assumed that this", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00224-00052996-00053202": "translates to the following instruments", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00225-00053203-00053463": "and capabilities must be able to", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00226-00053464-00053628": "remotely ie with mast mounted", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00227-00053629-00053862": "instruments characterize outcrops and", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00228-00053863-00054096": "identify features of interest panoramic", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00229-00054097-00054453": "camera near IR spectrometer must be able", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00230-00054454-00054617": "to collect micro scale imagery of", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00231-00054619-00054882": "outcrops contact instrument microscopic", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00232-00054883-00055142": "imager must be able to expose", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00233-00055144-00055338": "unweathered rock surfaces using a", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00234-00055339-00055679": "surface abrasion tool abrading bits must", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00235-00055680-00055902": "be able to measure mineralogy at micro", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00236-00055903-00056094": "scales on the abraded rock surfaces", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00237-00056095-00056363": "contact instrument Raman spectroscopy", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00238-00056364-00056637": "must be able to measure bulk elemental", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00239-00056638-00056844": "chemistry on the abraded rock surfaces", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00240-00056845-00057069": "contact instrument alpha particle x-ray", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00241-00057070-00057375": "spectrometer must be able to measure", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00242-00057376-00057600": "organic compounds on the abraded rock", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00243-00057601-00057816": "surfaces contact instrument Raman", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00244-00057816-00058128": "spectroscopy must be able to correlate", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00245-00058129-00058347": "composition to micro scale structures", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00246-00058348-00058563": "and textures in the rocks microscopic", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00247-00058564-00058958": "imager", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00248-00058959-00059483": "topic sample cash", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00249-00059484-00059754": "returning samples from Mars is essential", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00250-00059754-00059966": "to meeting the Mars exploration programs", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00251-00059967-00060197": "highest priority scientific objectives", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00252-00060198-00060501": "however a Mars sample return mission", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00253-00060502-00060690": "entails high cost and risk and it", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00254-00060691-00060876": "entails scientific sample selection", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00255-00060877-00061110": "acquisition and documentation for", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00256-00061111-00061296": "potential return to earth so it must", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00257-00061297-00061584": "also deliver unprecedented value even", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00258-00061585-00061764": "though any sample returned from Mars", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00259-00061765-00061926": "would be useful for some line of", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00260-00061927-00062169": "scientific inquiry it is also true that", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00261-00062170-00062334": "not all samples would be equally useful", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00262-00062335-00062676": "for detailed scientific investigation to", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00263-00062677-00062891": "address the highest priority scientific", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00264-00062892-00063138": "questions selection of outstanding", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00265-00063139-00063416": "samples would be required samples", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00266-00063417-00063615": "necessary to achieve the scientific", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00267-00063616-00063837": "objectives of the proposed future sample", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00268-00063838-00063984": "return mission would be collected", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00269-00063985-00064176": "documented and packaged in a manner", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00270-00064177-00064405": "suitable for potential return to Earth a", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00271-00064407-00064659": "future surface rendezvous would recover", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00272-00064660-00064833": "the cache and load it into the Mars", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00273-00064834-00065030": "ascent vehicle for its delivery to earth", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00274-00065032-00065304": "if at the MSL curiosity rover landing", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00275-00065304-00065592": "site 2012 scientists do not recognize an", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00276-00065593-00065766": "outstanding sample they will want to", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00277-00065767-00065937": "send a rover to an alternate site", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00278-00065938-00066144": "selected from orbital data and for which", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00279-00066145-00066303": "an argument could be made that there is", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00280-00066304-00066525": "better science or access potential if", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00281-00066526-00066774": "MSL does discover outstanding samples", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00282-00066775-00066993": "scientists would presumably want to send", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00283-00066994-00067173": "a rover back to collect them for return", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00284-00067174-00067410": "therefore having the maxi developed for", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00285-00067411-00067620": "a 2018 launch could have saved time and", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00286-00067621-00067890": "resources the proposed sampling", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00287-00067891-00068070": "requirement would be to collect 20", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00288-00068071-00068244": "samples at four sites outside the", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00289-00068245-00068508": "landing ellipse within 1/8 year the", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00290-00068509-00068661": "rover would then drive to a safe", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00291-00068662-00068895": "location to deposit the 20 sample cash", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00292-00068896-00069075": "for a fetch rover to potentially", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00293-00069076-00069387": "retrieve some time after 2024 such a", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00294-00069388-00069600": "scenario the maxi rover would be", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00295-00069601-00069813": "expected to traverse 10 kilometers in", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00296-00069814-00070296": "150 driving soles ie approximately 67", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00297-00070297-00070518": "meters saw on average so an improved", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00298-00070519-00070707": "rover autonomy would be needed for the", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00299-00070708-00070956": "candidate maxi mission the maxi rover", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00300-00070957-00071103": "would have been able to acquire samples", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00301-00071104-00071379": "through coring and abrasion coring was", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00302-00071380-00071544": "to be accomplished through the use of a", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00303-00071545-00071715": "core drill that could produce cores of", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00304-00071716-00071961": "approximately 10 millimetres diameter up", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00305-00071962-00072147": "to 50 millimeters long which would be", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00306-00072148-00072378": "encapsulated in individual sleeves with", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00307-00072379-00072678": "Preston caps a braiding of surface mint", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00308-00072679-00072846": "would be accomplished through the use of", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00309-00072847-00073071": "a specialized abrading bit placed in the", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00310-00073072-00073344": "coring tool this tool would be intended", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00311-00073345-00073509": "to remove small amounts of surface", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00312-00073510-00073722": "material in order to allow instruments", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00313-00073723-00073935": "access past any dust and/or weathering", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00314-00073936-00074214": "layer it would abrade a circular area of", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00315-00074215-00074415": "similar diameter to the core eight to", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00316-00074416-00074700": "ten millimetres translation of the arm", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00317-00074701-00074874": "would be used to scan the individual", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00318-00074875-00075159": "abrasion spots the rover should be able", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00319-00075160-00075751": "to cache at least 38 core samples", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00320-00075752-00076272": "topic technology development", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00321-00076273-00076524": "a cost of 70 million dollars was", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00322-00076525-00076700": "estimated to fund the technology", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00323-00076701-00076881": "development activities the mission", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00324-00076882-00077049": "concept would require technology", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00325-00077050-00077400": "development in four key areas coring", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00326-00077401-00077631": "encapsulation and caching lightweight", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00327-00077632-00077831": "tools mechanisms for obtaining and", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00328-00077832-00078129": "handling chord samples instruments", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00329-00078130-00078360": "additional technology focused to mature", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00330-00078361-00078512": "instruments that could address the", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00331-00078513-00078654": "measurement needs posed here in", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00332-00078655-00078893": "particularly the micro scale mineralogy", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00333-00078894-00079112": "organics and elemental composition", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00334-00079113-00079357": "mapping planetary protection", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00335-00079358-00079607": "contamination control bio cleaning", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00336-00079608-00079818": "cataloguing of bio contaminants and", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00337-00079819-00080006": "transport modeling to ensure cached", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00338-00080007-00080292": "samples would be returnable rover", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00339-00080293-00080537": "navigation onboard image processing and", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00340-00080538-00080776": "navigation to increase Traverse rate", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00341-00080777-00081026": "precision landing a major scientific", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00342-00081027-00081297": "priority is to improve access to complex", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00343-00081298-00081488": "terrain which requires significantly", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00344-00081489-00081668": "narrowing the landing ellipse based on a", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00345-00081669-00081936": "draft project schedule and a full JPL", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00346-00081937-00082155": "team experimental study total project", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00347-00082156-00082380": "cost in dollars not including launch", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00348-00082381-00082599": "vehicle was estimated to be between one", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00349-00082600-00083245": "dollar and fifty cents - 2.0 billion", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00350-00083246-00083770": "topic see also", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00351-00083771-00084184": "astrobiology Biological oxidant and life", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00352-00084185-00084534": "detection mission exploration of Mars", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00353-00084535-00084999": "life on Mars Mars 2020 Rover mission", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00354-00085000-00085303": "Mars Exploration Rover mission with two", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00355-00085304-00085726": "Rovers Mars sample return mission Mars", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00356-00085727-00086041": "Science Laboratory Rover Mars Pathfinder", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00357-00086042-00086551": "Rover Viking program astrobiology field", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00358-00086552-00086800": "laboratory another cancelled Mars rover", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00359-00086801-00087205": "in this era", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00360-00087206-00087725": "topic references", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00361-00087726-00088253": "topic external links", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00362-00088254-00088551": "videos on the maxi rover field tests", "ijbEkXtAnFI-00363-00088552-00088812": "2010"}}, {"audio_id": "ikhzAK7r9Wc", "text": {"ikhzAK7r9Wc-00000-00000039-00000303": "our unique lifetime upgrade", "ikhzAK7r9Wc-00001-00000304-00000526": "gemini is the only brand on the market", "ikhzAK7r9Wc-00002-00000527-00000615": "that offers you", "ikhzAK7r9Wc-00003-00000616-00000862": "a lifetime upgrade on the entire piece", "ikhzAK7r9Wc-00004-00000863-00001062": "not just the center stone", "ikhzAK7r9Wc-00005-00001063-00001270": "we take the jewelry back at the exact", "ikhzAK7r9Wc-00006-00001271-00001415": "same price you bought it for", "ikhzAK7r9Wc-00007-00001416-00001663": "and then we recycle it with so many", "ikhzAK7r9Wc-00008-00001664-00001830": "options when shopping online", "ikhzAK7r9Wc-00009-00001832-00002079": "why not choose geminae where your fine", "ikhzAK7r9Wc-00010-00002080-00002239": "diamond jewelry purchase will", "ikhzAK7r9Wc-00011-00002240-00002567": "always retain its full value for example", "ikhzAK7r9Wc-00012-00002568-00002807": "imagine you bought a 2 carat diamond but", "ikhzAK7r9Wc-00013-00002808-00002902": "a year goes by", "ikhzAK7r9Wc-00014-00002903-00003079": "and for an anniversary you want a bigger", "ikhzAK7r9Wc-00015-00003080-00003206": "stone", "ikhzAK7r9Wc-00016-00003207-00003415": "to accommodate the new diamond we will", "ikhzAK7r9Wc-00017-00003415-00003583": "make you a brand new ring", "ikhzAK7r9Wc-00018-00003584-00003903": "and recycle the old one we got your back", "ikhzAK7r9Wc-00019-00003904-00004183": "our customer is always our top priority", "ikhzAK7r9Wc-00020-00004184-00004270": "and with us", "ikhzAK7r9Wc-00021-00004271-00004543": "you never lose value ready for an", "ikhzAK7r9Wc-00022-00004544-00004647": "upgrade", "ikhzAK7r9Wc-00023-00004648-00004863": "log into your account under your", "ikhzAK7r9Wc-00024-00004864-00005054": "purchases select the item you want to", "ikhzAK7r9Wc-00025-00005055-00005118": "upgrade", "ikhzAK7r9Wc-00026-00005119-00005399": "and click on the upgrade button ship the", "ikhzAK7r9Wc-00027-00005400-00005470": "item to us", "ikhzAK7r9Wc-00028-00005471-00005759": "with any original documentation gemini", "ikhzAK7r9Wc-00029-00005760-00005999": "will inspect the item and in seven days", "ikhzAK7r9Wc-00030-00006000-00006175": "you'll receive credit in your account to", "ikhzAK7r9Wc-00031-00006176-00006454": "use for any item on gemina's website", "ikhzAK7r9Wc-00032-00006455-00006655": "do not hesitate to contact us if you", "ikhzAK7r9Wc-00033-00006656-00006806": "have any questions", "ikhzAK7r9Wc-00034-00006808-00007039": "we are here to help your diamond dreams", "ikhzAK7r9Wc-00035-00007040-00007384": "come true"}}, {"audio_id": "ikx2BJLei28", "text": {"ikx2BJLei28-00000-00000231-00000799": "[Music]", "ikx2BJLei28-00001-00000800-00001491": "thank you", "ikx2BJLei28-00002-00001492-00004656": "[Music]", "ikx2BJLei28-00003-00004657-00005347": "[Music]", "ikx2BJLei28-00004-00005348-00007375": "[Music]", "ikx2BJLei28-00005-00007376-00007677": "thank you", "ikx2BJLei28-00006-00007678-00008713": "[Music]", "ikx2BJLei28-00007-00008714-00008978": "thank you", "ikx2BJLei28-00008-00008979-00012349": "[Music]", "ikx2BJLei28-00009-00012350-00012771": "thank you", "ikx2BJLei28-00010-00012772-00014536": "[Music]", "ikx2BJLei28-00011-00014537-00015708": "foreign", "ikx2BJLei28-00012-00015709-00016384": "thank you", "ikx2BJLei28-00013-00016385-00016843": "[Music]"}}, {"audio_id": "ikY1hx8VLpE", "text": {"ikY1hx8VLpE-00000-00000846-00001031": "my name's Greg Solaris I'm the chair of", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00001-00001032-00001157": "the math department of Bristol Community", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00002-00001158-00001319": "College and we're I'm also on the", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00003-00001320-00001442": "multicultural committee so we're very", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00004-00001443-00001778": "happy to have dr. Phil Scalisi who's the", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00005-00001779-00001885": "chair of the math department at", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00006-00001886-00002126": "Bridgewater State University phil has", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00007-00002127-00002410": "spent much of his time traveling around", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00008-00002411-00002600": "the world when he's on vacations and", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00009-00002601-00002785": "other such and he's always looking at", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00010-00002786-00002969": "the history of mathematics in the", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00011-00002970-00003265": "different areas where he is visiting he", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00012-00003266-00003493": "has a renowned collection of artifacts", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00013-00003494-00003731": "which is on display or is going to be on", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00014-00003732-00003929": "display in the new science building if", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00015-00003929-00004015": "you've been up to Bridgewater State", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00016-00004017-00004193": "recently they have a beautiful state of", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00017-00004194-00004501": "the art facility which is going to house", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00018-00004502-00004778": "Phil's collection and we have him here", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00019-00004779-00004994": "today to talk to you about the history", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00020-00004995-00005395": "of mathematics of non-western origins", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00021-00005396-00005858": "professor Scalisi thank you very well", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00022-00005859-00006038": "I'll be talking about the history of", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00023-00006039-00006721": "mathematics really worldwide in my", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00024-00006722-00006983": "capacity as chair of the department and", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00025-00006984-00007313": "plus the organizations that I belong to", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00026-00007314-00007621": "that that specialize in history of", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00027-00007622-00007778": "mathematics I've been able to do quite a", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00028-00007779-00008198": "bit of travelling and North South", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00029-00008199-00008531": "America every every continent China", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00030-00008532-00009017": "Tibet all over so in all the", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00031-00009018-00009242": "geographical places that I've been I do", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00032-00009243-00009437": "try to investigate the history of", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00033-00009438-00009638": "mathematics how mathematics has", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00034-00009639-00009878": "developed over the centuries actually", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00035-00009879-00010292": "over the millennia okay and one in", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00036-00010293-00010484": "particular that has gotten quite a bit", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00037-00010485-00011758": "of notoriety is this recognize that day", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00038-00011759-00012277": "though yeah that's right the end of days", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00039-00012278-00012685": "the end of the world is on that day the", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00040-00012686-00013058": "Mayans predicted it are you concerned", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00041-00013059-00013480": "are you worried okay no no need to be", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00042-00013481-00013816": "whatsoever but this is you know all we", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00043-00013816-00014094": "had to have is that the media and", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00044-00014095-00014599": "Hollywood latched on to this and so they", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00045-00014600-00014766": "made movies in fact I think there was a", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00046-00014768-00015241": "movie just in the title in 2012 and it's", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00047-00015241-00015594": "a it comes about because of the the", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00048-00015595-00016147": "ancient Mayan civilization the ancient", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00049-00016147-00016575": "Mayans have a long history they're", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00050-00016576-00016803": "probably the single most important", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00051-00016804-00017053": "Native American group as far as math and", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00052-00017054-00017293": "science is concerned in the entire", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00053-00017294-00017630": "Americas North South Central the", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00054-00017631-00018055": "geographical region over which the", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00055-00018056-00018418": "Mayans lived would be that Yucatan", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00056-00018419-00018490": "Peninsula", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00057-00018491-00018727": "you know the Jets out into the Gulf of", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00058-00018728-00019056": "Mexico and then it comes in to the four", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00059-00019057-00019353": "most eastern states of Mexico plus", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00060-00019354-00019755": "Guatemala Honduras Belize El Salvador", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00061-00019756-00020100": "and that was the the geographical region", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00062-00020101-00020569": "their culture goes all the way back to", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00063-00020570-00020908": "the 4th century 4th millennium BC but", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00064-00020909-00021250": "their heyday so to speak is took place", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00065-00021251-00021517": "during the 3rd to the ninth centuries ad", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00066-00021518-00021814": "that's the so-called classic period as", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00067-00021815-00022080": "archaeologists like to refer to them as", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00068-00022081-00022477": "that well the the Mayans as I had", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00069-00022478-00022869": "mentioned were extremely extremely", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00070-00022870-00023083": "sophisticated as far as their", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00071-00023084-00023266": "mathematics and their science is", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00072-00023267-00023862": "concerned their astronomy was first-rate", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00073-00023863-00024309": "they were able to record eclipses the", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00074-00024310-00024646": "transits of the various planets Venus", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00075-00024647-00024927": "Mars Jupiter and so forth", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00076-00024928-00025407": "they use that especially for their", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00077-00025408-00025548": "everyday life", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00078-00025549-00025767": "if you can believe it because they were", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00079-00025768-00026139": "really much interested in developing", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00080-00026139-00026460": "their own agricultural concepts the", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00081-00026461-00026693": "development of crops the main crop was", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00082-00026694-00026994": "was maize you know like corn so they", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00083-00026995-00027305": "were always interested in a cyclical", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00084-00027306-00027639": "concept when they had the plant then", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00085-00027639-00027933": "they had to gather excuse me then they", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00086-00027933-00028107": "had to clear and then the cycle just", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00087-00028108-00028374": "kept going on and on and on over and", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00088-00028375-00028782": "over so the money ins had developed a", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00089-00028783-00029088": "calendar by far the most advanced", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00090-00029089-00029385": "calendar in the new world and in fact", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00091-00029386-00029643": "not only just one calendar but four", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00092-00029644-00029979": "different calendars and each calendar", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00093-00029980-00030531": "had its own application okay now the the", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00094-00030532-00030798": "so called Haab calender that the Mayans", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00095-00030799-00031293": "used consisted of a year of 360 days not", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00096-00031294-00031686": "365 360 days not that they did know", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00097-00031687-00032058": "about 360 5.24 alright they did know", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00098-00032058-00032339": "about that but but to get it aligned", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00099-00032341-00032765": "with their planting cycle seasons they", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00100-00032766-00033396": "had to use 360 ok and the far the extra", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00101-00033397-00033588": "five days to them were considered", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00102-00033589-00033932": "unlucky days those are the days that", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00103-00033933-00034211": "they all stayed inside their little huts", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00104-00034212-00034560": "never ventured out because bad luck bad", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00105-00034561-00034815": "things are gonna happen to him ok but", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00106-00034816-00035145": "that number 360 played a very important", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00107-00035146-00035586": "role it's 18 times 20 18 times 20 keep", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00108-00035587-00036051": "that in mind let me just show a few more", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00109-00036052-00036565": "things here that date that I gave you", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00110-00036566-00037071": "has never been inscribed written down on", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00111-00037072-00037421": "any ancient Mayan artifact and yet it's", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00112-00037422-00037743": "so important people people you know have", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00113-00037744-00037887": "thought that this date was very very", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00114-00037888-00038193": "important the only one out of", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00115-00038194-00038473": "that was ever found that has that one", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00116-00038474-00038977": "thing of December 21st 2012 and this is", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00117-00038978-00039424": "the so-called Tortuguero monument number", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00118-00039425-00040011": "6 and that's what it looks like ok so", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00119-00040012-00040801": "there it is you can see anything ok the", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00120-00040802-00041371": "day is you see these dots right here and", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00121-00041372-00041620": "then these dots right here and then", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00122-00041621-00041983": "these these they're like strange-looking", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00123-00041984-00042484": "faces that represents a date and if you", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00124-00042485-00042677": "do something about Mayan hieroglyphs", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00125-00042678-00042946": "you're able to decipher that and that", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00126-00042947-00043581": "date refers to the December 21st 2012", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00127-00043582-00043887": "why that was important to the Mayans is", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00128-00043888-00044209": "because that it represented represented", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00129-00044210-00044605": "the end of a cycle the in order to fully", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00130-00044606-00044775": "understand that you needed to know", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00131-00044776-00044996": "something about the Mayan civilization", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00132-00044997-00045301": "their religion they had a they", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00133-00045302-00045846": "worshipped the pantheon of gods okay and", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00134-00045847-00046129": "certain numbers meant more to them than", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00135-00046130-00046383": "others one number was 9 another number", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00136-00046384-00046870": "was 15 especially 13 and the end of the", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00137-00046871-00047292": "cycle is what today to them were called", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00138-00047293-00047698": "the 13 back 20 that's the word that they", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00139-00047699-00047952": "use but it represented to them the end", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00140-00047953-00048333": "of days the end of the cycle and when we", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00141-00048334-00048615": "use the words end of the days to them", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00142-00048616-00049077": "what was going to happen so that when", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00143-00049078-00049414": "you go to December 22nd what were they", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00144-00049415-00049792": "gonna find nothing they were just it was", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00145-00049793-00050014": "just going to be what the creation of a", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00146-00050015-00050275": "new cycle it was just get started now", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00147-00050276-00050562": "there are people that are alarmists", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00148-00050563-00050752": "there are people then tend to", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00149-00050753-00050923": "philosophize there are people who have", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00150-00050924-00050964": "give", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00151-00050965-00051360": "all sorts of interpretations but the", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00152-00051361-00051683": "minds themselves felt that the new cycle", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00153-00051684-00051983": "to begin was going to show an age of", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00154-00051984-00052376": "enlightenment people they get along no", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00155-00052377-00052562": "boys nothing like that", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00156-00052563-00052754": "everything was going to be in harmony", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00157-00052755-00053607": "attend in peace nice thoughts now when", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00158-00053608-00054101": "we study the Mayan numeration system all", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00159-00054102-00054269": "right then", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00160-00054270-00054605": "because they the enumeration system was", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00161-00054607-00054891": "a by Jezebel system by Jezebel simply", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00162-00054891-00055154": "means it's a base 20 when we write down", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00163-00055155-00055473": "our numbers today our numbers are", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00164-00055474-00055737": "written in base 10 or decimal system all", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00165-00055738-00056163": "right so if I write down 3 1 1 4 like", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00166-00056164-00056417": "that all right you know exactly what", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00167-00056419-00056679": "that means and you can expand it into", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00168-00056679-00056979": "powers of 10 the minds did not use that", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00169-00056979-00057219": "they use the base 20 system of", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00170-00057220-00057569": "numeration 20 all right", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00171-00057570-00058047": "why okay that again is up to", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00172-00058048-00058367": "interpretation but it probably went", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00173-00058369-00058749": "along with the fact that as far as", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00174-00058750-00058923": "developing numeration systems by", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00175-00058924-00059187": "different cultures usually either the", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00176-00059188-00059466": "base of 10 was used the base of 5 was", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00177-00059466-00059673": "used we call it a quinary system the", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00178-00059674-00060003": "base of 15 was used because called the", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00179-00060004-00060276": "quinary decimal or a base 20 and why do", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00180-00060277-00060560": "you think those numbers were used by any", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00181-00060561-00061223": "civilizations any tells us 5 10 15 20", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00182-00061224-00061509": "that's it that's how pretty is good", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00183-00061510-00061788": "that's how people began to count with", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00184-00061789-00062079": "their fingers and thumbs all right so", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00185-00062079-00062342": "it's no surprise that different", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00186-00062344-00062547": "civilizations different cultures make", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00187-00062548-00062966": "you saw those as bases so base 20 is is", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00188-00062967-00063392": "what the Mayans used unfortunately and", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00189-00063394-00063660": "this was what what made it difficult to", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00190-00063661-00064045": "translate to decipher their writings", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00191-00064046-00064351": "okay these are hieroglyphs now you", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00192-00064352-00064486": "probably used to heard the word", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00193-00064487-00064711": "hieroglyph mainly and associated with", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00194-00064712-00065029": "Egyptian the ancient Egyptians well the", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00195-00065029-00065269": "same word the same term can be used here", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00196-00065270-00065416": "and glyph is nothing but a picture", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00197-00065416-00065713": "alright and because a number of the", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00198-00065714-00066300": "writings of the Lions were excuse me", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00199-00066301-00066700": "associated to religious concept we use", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00200-00066701-00066895": "the word high road high road just means", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00201-00066896-00067384": "sacred or religious so that's what we're", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00202-00067385-00067621": "a little counselor so what did people do", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00203-00067622-00067960": "that how are they able to decipher their", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00204-00067961-00068359": "numbers in particular okay base 20 so if", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00205-00068360-00068722": "the base is 20 then the digits the the", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00206-00068723-00068911": "numbers that you put in any individual", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00207-00068912-00069202": "position would have to range between 0", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00208-00069203-00069652": "and 19 okay 20 just like base 10 what we", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00209-00069653-00070045": "use today any individual number for any", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00210-00070046-00070216": "new role where they have to range", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00211-00070217-00070495": "between what 0 and 9 as you know but", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00212-00070496-00070660": "this is base 20 so it has to go between", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00213-00070661-00070984": "0 and 19 so they needed 20 different", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00214-00070985-00071337": "glyphs 20 different symbols in order to", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00215-00071338-00072094": "write out any integer ok so this is a", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00216-00072095-00072439": "just a little chart to indicate the", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00217-00072440-00072823": "glyphs that they used sign with zero", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00218-00072824-00073417": "oops starting with 0 and then 1 2 3 4 5", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00219-00073418-00073693": "and that's it all they they knew they", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00220-00073694-00073996": "knew they needed 20 symbols but to make", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00221-00073997-00074179": "life a little bit simpler they only use", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00222-00074180-00074560": "3 distinct symbols 1 4 0 1 for the", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00223-00074561-00074758": "number 1 have got your 1 for the number", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00224-00074759-00075097": "5 a horizontal bar there anything else", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00225-00075098-00075492": "beyond that up to 19 was just additive", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00226-00075493-00075769": "so if you wanted the number 7 will be 2", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00227-00075770-00076000": "dots over a bot if you wanted the number", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00228-00076001-00076351": "16 will be a single dot over 3 bucks ok", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00229-00076352-00076583": "so it's very easy to", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00230-00076584-00077045": "at interpreting the digits of my numeral", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00231-00077046-00077375": "the thing that I want to impress is this", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00232-00077376-00077705": "the zero symbol you see that that", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00233-00077706-00078041": "oval-shaped a sort of looks like a shell", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00234-00078042-00078320": "could be an eye I've seen a number of", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00235-00078321-00078560": "different variants on it just depending", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00236-00078561-00078737": "on who described was the person that was", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00237-00078738-00079210": "doing the writing or doing the incisions", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00238-00079211-00079883": "and that's important because that zero", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00239-00079884-00080333": "symbol is the oldest symbol used for the", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00240-00080334-00080708": "number zero in the entire history of", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00241-00080709-00081215": "mankind in all the pre you know recorded", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00242-00081216-00081452": "history the symbol for zero and zero", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00243-00081453-00081713": "plays a very important role when you", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00244-00081714-00082031": "write out your numerals why well the", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00245-00082032-00082187": "number of reasons but one is that it", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00246-00082188-00082328": "indicates to you where that particular", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00247-00082329-00082931": "power is missing all right so the that", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00248-00082932-00083243": "symbol was used by the Mayans now that", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00249-00083244-00083558": "isn't to say that the concept of the", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00250-00083559-00083903": "number zero was not used earlier than", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00251-00083904-00084155": "them because it was and we'll see that", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00252-00084156-00084629": "when we move over to Mesopotamia but as", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00253-00084630-00084878": "far as an actual symbol was concerned it", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00254-00084879-00085271": "was this given by the Mayans now very", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00255-00085272-00085529": "strange things happen here when they", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00256-00085530-00085808": "wrote their numerals instead of us", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00257-00085809-00086081": "writing a number like five zero one two", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00258-00086082-00086387": "we was writing they wrote the numerals", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00259-00086388-00086645": "vertically instead of horizontally so", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00260-00086646-00086846": "you could put five here zero there one", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00261-00086847-00087224": "here or two here or inverted but it was", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00262-00087225-00087554": "written they were written vertically so", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00263-00087555-00088061": "if you look at 20 which is the base all", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00264-00088062-00088304": "right it would be the one symbol over", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00265-00088305-00088595": "the zero symbol all right and that would", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00266-00088596-00088775": "represent the way you interpret that", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00267-00088776-00088839": "would be", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00268-00088840-00089202": "five times 20 plus zero so that would", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00269-00089203-00089319": "give you the number 20", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00270-00089320-00089787": "but notice one zero isn't that the way", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00271-00089788-00090006": "we write the base for us numeration", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00272-00090007-00090249": "system for base ten how do you write ten", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00273-00090250-00090585": "one zero and that's exactly how it's", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00274-00090586-00090912": "used there so if you want to go say 224", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00275-00090913-00091203": "for example over here it would be 1", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00276-00091204-00091922": "times 20 and then you add before anyway", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00277-00091923-00092226": "that's that's feeling simple as far as", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00278-00092227-00092681": "those small numbers of concern however", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00279-00092682-00093081": "you can look at this right right here", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00280-00093082-00093399": "you have a vertical numeral so if you", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00281-00093400-00093666": "saw that on a particular ancient Mayan", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00282-00093667-00093996": "artifact all right how do how do you", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00283-00093997-00094233": "translate such a thing like that well", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00284-00094234-00094671": "normally for any base 20 all right this", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00285-00094672-00094950": "would be the highest power notice it's", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00286-00094951-00095190": "four digits this would be the ones", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00287-00095191-00095463": "position or the units this would be that", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00288-00095464-00095652": "what normally would correspond to the", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00289-00095653-00095895": "tens position that would be the 20s", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00290-00095896-00096222": "position this would only correspond to", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00291-00096223-00096429": "the 20 squared a hundreds position the", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00292-00096430-00096729": "way we would use it but to them it's not", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00293-00096730-00097244": "20 squared which is 400 no it's this", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00294-00097245-00097722": "it's 18 times 20 which is 360 and then", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00295-00097723-00098282": "this top one here is not 20 Q but rather", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00296-00098283-00098910": "7200 which is 18 times 20 squared okay", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00297-00098911-00099150": "so that seems kind of strange to do that", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00298-00099151-00099525": "and why did they do that again some", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00299-00099526-00099726": "different interpretations but generally", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00300-00099727-00100008": "the accepted thing is it's this 360 here", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00301-00100009-00100293": "except they wanted to align the", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00302-00100294-00100680": "enumeration system to come up with", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00303-00100681-00101145": "multiple to say 360 not 365 all right I", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00304-00101146-00101439": "mean not multiples of 400 excuse me", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00305-00101440-00101553": "which would be", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00306-00101554-00101736": "20 squid so what they did was they", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00307-00101737-00101892": "almost have one factor of 20 and", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00308-00101893-00102114": "replaced it by an 18 that's essentially", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00309-00102115-00102357": "what's happened so if you see this", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00310-00102358-00102675": "numeral right here the bottom one would", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00311-00102676-00103031": "be 15 then you go 8 times 20 as it says", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00312-00103032-00103476": "and to that this is 17 times a 360 and", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00313-00103477-00104028": "to that the one times 7,200 okay and so", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00314-00104029-00104268": "there it is right there that comes out", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00315-00104269-00104448": "to be thirteen thousand four hundred", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00316-00104449-00104807": "ninety five well you can imagine that", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00317-00104808-00105075": "archaeologists anthropologists math", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00318-00105076-00105335": "historians had a tough time trying to", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00319-00105336-00105888": "translate these things okay and one of", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00320-00105889-00106122": "the reasons is that we because they", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00321-00106123-00106389": "wrote these things vertically we do see", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00322-00106390-00106599": "them what kind of artifacts do you see", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00323-00106600-00106934": "well they would write our insights into", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00324-00106935-00107461": "stone stone pillars like their dates and", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00325-00107463-00107805": "sometimes if described isn't too careful", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00326-00107806-00108177": "and that's one out of room well what", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00327-00108178-00108396": "happened is these symbols will start to", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00328-00108397-00108729": "get squished together so but if you had", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00329-00108730-00109133": "like a dot a bar and a bar and a bar you", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00330-00109134-00109433": "might think that that's 16 oh because if", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00331-00109434-00109629": "it's one digit but that may not be the", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00332-00109630-00109857": "proper interpretation it might be two", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00333-00109858-00110145": "digits a bar I mean a dot over by and", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00334-00110146-00110304": "then the other two by representatives", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00335-00110305-00110561": "another digit all right so there are", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00336-00110563-00110759": "different possible interpretations", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00337-00110760-00110973": "that's what made it difficult to", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00338-00110974-00111216": "translate these things and the entire", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00339-00111217-00111663": "decipherment Mayan glyphs really didn't", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00340-00111664-00112095": "take place into until the early part of", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00341-00112096-00112484": "the 20th century there's over 700", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00342-00112485-00112704": "different glyphs that have been observed", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00343-00112705-00112995": "in different artifacts we only know how", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00344-00112996-00113190": "to translate it all 400 of them right", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00345-00113191-00113481": "now so there's still work to be done as", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00346-00113482-00113735": "far as the mathematics is concerned that", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00347-00113736-00114617": "isn't really too much of a problem yeah", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00348-00114618-00115034": "this turn the long term that's the one", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00349-00115035-00115281": "that's associated with the the end of", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00350-00115282-00115614": "days date all right that's the one this", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00351-00115615-00115851": "is the long count that determines the", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00352-00115852-00116115": "end of the cycle and at the same time", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00353-00116116-00116415": "the beginning of the cycle the creation", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00354-00116416-00116598": "of days as opposed to the end of the", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00355-00116599-00117048": "days and notice it gives you 0 the 1 4 5", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00356-00117049-00117531": "11 etc get all the way over here 1 2 3 4", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00357-00117532-00117785": "5 digits long", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00358-00117786-00118320": "all right so 0 plus what's that", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00359-00118321-00118839": "4 times 20 all right plus 0 times 18", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00360-00118840-00119403": "times 20 which is 360 plus 10 times 70", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00361-00119404-00119730": "200 plus 9 times I've been four thousand", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00362-00119731-00120099": "if you add all those up that number and", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00363-00120100-00120483": "that number is in terms of days so if", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00364-00120483-00120903": "you knew when the creation date was all", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00365-00120904-00120954": "right", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00366-00120955-00121211": "then you could determine that date", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00367-00121213-00121494": "December 21st 2012 I always give that as", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00368-00121495-00121752": "a there's a exercise problem in my", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00369-00121753-00121989": "history of math students but just want", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00370-00121990-00122285": "to indicate to you that this long count", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00371-00122286-00122541": "is just yet another way of measuring", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00372-00122542-00123132": "time by the minds and there it is August", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00373-00123133-00123584": "11 3 1 140 that's the beginning of time", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00374-00123585-00123867": "so if you know that date all right then", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00375-00123868-00124128": "you use a 13000", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00376-00124129-00124380": "0 calculate the number days they had", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00377-00124381-00124538": "that to that you come up with December", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00378-00124539-00125025": "21st 2012 why is that they chosen though", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00379-00125026-00125591": "I've had many many conversations with", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00380-00125592-00125793": "the math", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00381-00125794-00126098": "especially the Mayan archaeological", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00382-00126099-00126416": "experts on that which by the way is at", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00383-00126417-00126674": "the University of Texas at Austin my", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00384-00126675-00127133": "centers there and you don't know they", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00385-00127134-00127316": "don't know why the mines themselves use", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00386-00127317-00127583": "that particular date all right", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00387-00127584-00127912": "we don't even know how that particular", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00388-00127913-00128276": "date came about except that we know that", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00389-00128277-00128450": "that's the correct date from looking at", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00390-00128451-00129041": "different artifacts so that's the Mayan", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00391-00129042-00129401": "system now how do we know anything about", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00392-00129402-00129744": "all this and so forth especially because", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00393-00129745-00129941": "they go back to that fourth millennium", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00394-00129942-00130368": "BC but as I said the main period was", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00395-00130369-00130751": "from the third to the ninth centuries ad", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00396-00130752-00131228": "well one particular artifact very famous", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00397-00131229-00131484": "it's called The Dresden codex because", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00398-00131485-00132116": "it's preserved in Dresden Germany and it", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00399-00132117-00132633": "looks like that now that is just a", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00400-00132634-00133049": "portion of the codex the word codex just", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00401-00133050-00133248": "refers to it's analogous to our", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00402-00133249-00133482": "modern-day concept of a book that's all", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00403-00133483-00134063": "and the Codex you notice these folds", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00404-00134064-00134346": "right here this is really all connected", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00405-00134347-00134579": "but they're folded just much like a", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00406-00134580-00135108": "roadmap accordion style and what the", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00407-00135109-00135554": "Mayans did was to write on each of these", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00408-00135555-00135869": "Falls and on the reverse side as well so", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00409-00135870-00136277": "this is about a foot tall and you notice", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00410-00136278-00136604": "right here you see all of these numerals", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00411-00136605-00136893": "see all the dots in the buys and so", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00412-00136894-00137181": "forth we can translate those and those", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00413-00137182-00137450": "refer to the transits of the planet", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00414-00137451-00137966": "Venus and it just goes on and on no it's", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00415-00137967-00138428": "really a remarkable most of our", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00416-00138429-00138743": "knowledge about my", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00417-00138744-00139271": "stems from this particular codex in", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00418-00139272-00139634": "existence today there are four if only", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00419-00139635-00140027": "for codices that have come down to us", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00420-00140028-00140297": "and have been preserved one is preserved", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00421-00140298-00140468": "here in dresden another one's preserved", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00422-00140469-00140704": "at the bibliothèque nationale in paris", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00423-00140705-00140993": "another one in madrid and a fourth one", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00424-00140994-00141314": "in New York City okay but the best one", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00425-00141315-00141824": "is this dresden codex the mayans however", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00426-00141825-00142214": "they created literally thousands upon", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00427-00142215-00142397": "thousands upon thousands of these", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00428-00142398-00142697": "codices alright and yet we only have", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00429-00142698-00143144": "four word why what happens how come we", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00430-00143145-00143462": "only have four that have that have been", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00431-00143463-00143822": "preserved unfortunately what has", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00432-00143823-00144449": "happened is that that whole area after", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00433-00144450-00144899": "the the Columbus voyages the Spaniards", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00434-00144900-00145319": "came and in a sense colonized that whole", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00435-00145320-00145658": "area so here we have the conquistadores", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00436-00145659-00145961": "come the bishop the fir very first", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00437-00145962-00146195": "bishop of the Yucatan is a mainland even", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00438-00146196-00146648": "diego of de Landa and he was responsible", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00439-00146649-00147245": "for one very important event he he saw", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00440-00147246-00147485": "all of this writing that was written on", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00441-00147486-00147725": "these various codices and then he said", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00442-00147726-00148115": "to himself and I'm quoting him these are", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00443-00148116-00148516": "the markings of the devil so what did he", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00444-00148517-00148760": "do he calls for what we say they call", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00445-00148761-00149057": "him out of the faith he just asked all", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00446-00149058-00149309": "of his soldiers and so forth to gather", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00447-00149310-00149549": "up as many of these codices as possible", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00448-00149550-00149878": "including their ceramics all right", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00449-00149879-00150068": "brought them all together one big giant", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00450-00150069-00150565": "pile and then tremendous fire just", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00451-00150566-00150685": "destroy them", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00452-00150686-00150946": "which is unfortunate here we have you", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00453-00150947-00151215": "know one man determining the fate of a", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00454-00151216-00151503": "complete culture and it's fortunate that", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00455-00151504-00152272": "we do have these for now I've traveled", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00456-00152273-00152475": "throughout all the jungles down there", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00457-00152476-00152715": "and I spent about a month with with some", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00458-00152716-00153136": "of the modern-day lions but this one you", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00459-00153137-00153538": "probably recognize I would think this", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00460-00153539-00153919": "particular temple this is a temple", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00461-00153920-00154282": "pyramid as we call it because it's in", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00462-00154283-00154759": "the shape of a right square pyramid but", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00463-00154760-00154936": "it doesn't come to an apex to a point", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00464-00154937-00155143": "it's locked off at the top so you have", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00465-00155144-00155599": "this point surface then on top of that", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00466-00155600-00156027": "you have right here this temple okay and", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00467-00156028-00156249": "that's where they conducted different", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00468-00156250-00156799": "business mostly religious oriented but", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00469-00156800-00157551": "this particular pyramid is located at", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00470-00157552-00157858": "teaching Itza it has a name it's", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00471-00157859-00158083": "referring to a steel which means the", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00472-00158084-00158466": "castle but the Lions this was just not", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00473-00158467-00158725": "put together haphazardly so to speak", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00474-00158726-00158968": "there was some thought behind us it's", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00475-00158969-00159262": "really interesting if you count up these", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00476-00159263-00159373": "steps here", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00477-00159374-00159736": "all right there's not these steps the", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00478-00159737-00160026": "idea but these right here these levels", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00479-00160027-00161052": "there's 90 and there's 91 of them these", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00480-00161053-00161245": "are here because these lords I really", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00481-00161246-00161490": "want to talk about 91 of them and", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00482-00161491-00161826": "there's one on each of the four faces so", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00483-00161827-00162160": "if you have 91 each of the four faces", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00484-00162161-00162685": "that's 364 then you consider the top", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00485-00162686-00162949": "level and that gives you 306", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00486-00162950-00163462": "fine alright that was on purpose a lot", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00487-00163463-00163822": "of things with the Casteel another thing", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00488-00163823-00164449": "is the solstices the at the spring and", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00489-00164450-00164778": "autumn sauces the social entities the", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00490-00164779-00165213": "the Sun would play tricks on this and", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00491-00165214-00165607": "you could see that I thought when the", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00492-00165608-00165942": "Sun was beginning to set you'd get a", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00493-00165943-00166306": "shadow effect and that shadow would", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00494-00166307-00166501": "style up here and then work its way down", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00495-00166502-00166786": "all the way to the bottom in a series of", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00496-00166787-00167056": "like triangles and right over here you", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00497-00167057-00167260": "know if you can see it is the head of a", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00498-00167261-00167491": "servant all right", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00499-00167492-00167793": "this was the temple cuckoo pen which was", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00500-00167794-00168250": "one of their deities and it's an amazing", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00501-00168251-00168355": "sight to behold", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00502-00168356-00168646": "when the Sun sets this starts and it", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00503-00168647-00168844": "goes like this and then it culminates in", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00504-00168845-00169213": "that head so it's as though that serpent", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00505-00169214-00169438": "is moving the other solstice what", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00506-00169439-00169722": "happens is on the other side it moves up", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00507-00169723-00170197": "instead of come to down and so that's", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00508-00170198-00170551": "just one they climbed on that as well", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00509-00170552-00170809": "but there are many other mathematically", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00510-00170810-00171118": "related concepts with this particular", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00511-00171119-00171349": "temple there's well over", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00512-00171350-00171669": "well well over maybe 4,000", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00513-00171670-00171916": "archaeological sites that I still yet to", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00514-00171917-00172359": "be uncovered", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00515-00172360-00173296": "now moving over to Egypt which is by the", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00516-00173297-00173473": "way truly magnificent if you haven't", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00517-00173474-00173949": "seen the purpose it in person it's a", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00518-00173950-00174253": "massive total pounding it is preserved", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00519-00174254-00174914": "at the Cairo Museum and", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00520-00174915-00175084": "this just to give you an idea", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00521-00175085-00175709": "geographically of the ancient Egyptian", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00522-00175710-00176291": "region which starts up here the Nile", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00523-00176292-00176374": "Delta", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00524-00176375-00176810": "and notice Alexandria Rosetta and then", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00525-00176811-00177086": "Cairo is over here and on the west bank", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00526-00177087-00177416": "is the Pyramids of Giza and the pyramids", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00527-00177417-00177701": "of satire and the Nile just keeps going", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00528-00177702-00178143": "all the way down to Luxor at food as one", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00529-00178144-00178613": "all the way down to Abu Simbel and to go", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00530-00178614-00178973": "from Cairo down here we have a fly to", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00531-00178974-00179302": "get there it's quite a quite a distance", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00532-00179303-00179902": "but this this site as as one and", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00533-00179903-00180179": "supplier and giza rosetta an alexander", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00534-00180180-00180518": "that's a probably the most important", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00535-00180519-00181004": "cities that we can talk about as far as", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00536-00181005-00181289": "a ancient egypt is concerned okay", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00537-00181290-00181571": "alexandria a magnificent city really", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00538-00181572-00182041": "beautiful city is the mediterranean and", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00539-00182042-00182307": "that's named after Alexander the Great", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00540-00182308-00182576": "okay this was his city so to speak", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00541-00182577-00182852": "because even though this was all", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00542-00182853-00183214": "Egyptian Alexander of course went crazy", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00543-00183215-00183479": "started to conquer all the Mediterranean", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00544-00183480-00183817": "lands and including modern", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00545-00183818-00184207": "in Egypt and his city when the city was", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00546-00184208-00185116": "named after him okay the this is the", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00547-00185117-00185458": "oldest artifact that we have that", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00548-00185459-00185794": "contains numbers ancient egyptian", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00549-00185795-00186223": "numbers it's called the oxford mace okay", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00550-00186224-00186442": "why because it's preserved at Oxford", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00551-00186443-00186775": "University in England all right", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00552-00186776-00187153": "it dates to about 3 to 250 BC it's the", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00553-00187154-00187648": "Oxford mace can you see right here this", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00554-00187649-00188023": "figure that's the figure the king you", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00555-00188024-00188568": "see right here you can make that out", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00556-00188569-00188947": "it's right right here it's the figure of", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00557-00188948-00189343": "a scorpion and this particular King at", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00558-00189344-00189535": "this time is often referred to as the", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00559-00189536-00189952": "Scorpion King okay and so this is", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00560-00189953-00190108": "extremely early this is actually", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00561-00190109-00190465": "pre-dynastic we may be thinking studying", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00562-00190466-00190711": "ancient Egyptian chronology so it goes", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00563-00190712-00191053": "back to 3000 BC but what is so important", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00564-00191054-00191338": "about it is as I said inscribed on it", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00565-00191339-00191581": "these only a portion of it has been", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00566-00191582-00191962": "preserved but if you turn it around look", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00567-00191963-00192259": "at the symbols that they use all right", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00568-00192260-00192640": "this is what a record that number of", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00569-00192641-00192829": "prison is that number of auxin that", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00570-00192830-00193024": "number of votes all the spoils of a", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00571-00193025-00193389": "particular war or battle for some time", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00572-00193390-00193648": "but they were written and of course", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00573-00193649-00193903": "they're ancient Egyptian hieroglyphic", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00574-00193904-00194509": "symbols now the reason of course why we", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00575-00194510-00194821": "were able to decipher the the symbols", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00576-00194822-00195184": "that we use by the ancient Egyptians is", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00577-00195185-00195499": "because of this the so-called rosetta", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00578-00195500-00195760": "stone you're familiar with that all", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00579-00195761-00195808": "right", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00580-00195809-00196153": "it is of course this stone right here", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00581-00196154-00196440": "it's preserved now in the British Museum", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00582-00196441-00196718": "the reason it's called the Rosetta Stone", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00583-00196719-00197005": "because that's where the stone was found", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00584-00197006-00197393": "that the little town of Rosetta in", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00585-00197394-00197633": "northern Egypt near Alexandria I think", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00586-00197634-00198137": "the name now is Russia but what happened", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00587-00198138-00198545": "if you don't know the details very", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00588-00198546-00198973": "quickly is that during Napoleon's", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00589-00198974-00199615": "wanderings around the Mediterranean his", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00590-00199616-00199877": "ideas of trying to conquer all of the", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00591-00199878-00200215": "lands around there well he was trying to", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00592-00200216-00200489": "occupy completely Egypt northern Egypt", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00593-00200490-00200926": "and some of his soldiers around 1797 to", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00594-00200927-00201344": "1799 was stationed at Rashid at Rozelle", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00595-00201345-00201734": "and they were excavating to build a fort", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00596-00201735-00201979": "there what do they find they found us", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00597-00201980-00202511": "rosetta stone they figured that well but", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00598-00202512-00202744": "seems like this should be have some", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00599-00202745-00202952": "significance to it so they brought it", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00600-00202953-00203108": "back to the front Jeju pathologists", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00601-00203109-00203351": "there was stationed in the Cairo and", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00602-00203352-00203696": "they began to work on it and then it was", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00603-00203697-00204146": "brought back okay not to pass by the way", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00604-00204147-00204446": "the Parisians would love to have no", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00605-00204447-00204602": "there nothing to get it British I was", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00606-00204603-00204851": "gonna give it up so what the Egyptians", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00607-00204852-00205010": "want to get this back but they know that", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00608-00205011-00205088": "he didn't either", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00609-00205089-00205661": "so it was copies of this thing they're", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00610-00205662-00205948": "made and various people worked on it", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00611-00205950-00206267": "okay one was a memory any young in", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00612-00206267-00206516": "England but the most important bad deal", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00613-00206517-00206684": "was a Frenchman by the name of Shem", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00614-00206685-00207275": "polio and this stone if you look at it", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00615-00207276-00207509": "close up it would be broken up into", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00616-00207510-00207836": "three sections one section has script", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00617-00207837-00208156": "which was written in archaic Greek", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00618-00208157-00208398": "another section", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00619-00208398-00208794": "was written in a more popular ancient", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00620-00208794-00208977": "language Egyptian language called", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00621-00208978-00209451": "demotic and then another script excuse", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00622-00209452-00209780": "me was in hieroglyphics", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00623-00209781-00210075": "so what did they do they went on the", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00624-00210076-00210317": "supposition that what was written in", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00625-00210319-00210606": "each section was exactly the same story", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00626-00210607-00210896": "and so they had to make comparison but", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00627-00210898-00211152": "this is only a portion of the existing", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00628-00211153-00211446": "stone these other parts of missing so it", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00629-00211446-00211734": "took a long time and in comparison with", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00630-00211735-00212079": "other artifacts eventually the the", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00631-00212080-00212721": "decipherment did occur in the 1820s now", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00632-00212721-00213078": "this is the man Shem poem in France and", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00633-00213079-00213498": "he published his results in 1822 and", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00634-00213498-00214148": "this is the title page but that just", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00635-00214150-00214482": "started and so the Fulda psychic that", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00636-00214483-00214719": "really didn't take place until the", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00637-00214719-00214854": "latter part of the nineteenth century", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00638-00214855-00215244": "today well known if you want you to", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00639-00215244-00215417": "think of course in just in Egyptian", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00640-00215419-00215696": "hieroglyphics there's grammars that have", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00641-00215698-00215973": "been published interdiction areas and so", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00642-00215973-00216392": "forth and so on now as far as the", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00643-00216394-00216582": "hieroglyphs themselves as far as", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00644-00216583-00216873": "mathematics is concerned these are the", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00645-00216873-00217164": "basic symbols now because they glyphs", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00646-00217165-00217446": "they're pictures and you see what they", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00647-00217446-00218119": "are", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00648-00218119-00218535": "okay right here is the number one ten a", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00649-00218536-00218800": "hundred a thousand ten thousand and", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00650-00218801-00219006": "thousand in a minute so there what", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00651-00219007-00219289": "powers of ten so just like what we use", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00652-00219290-00219609": "they did have a base ten a decimal", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00653-00219610-00219867": "system of numeration however the big", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00654-00219869-00220096": "difference is there was no concept of a", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00655-00220096-00220371": "place value or a position so if you had", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00656-00220373-00220750": "a number like three one five and you", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00657-00220751-00220932": "took the same numbers and commuted them", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00658-00220933-00221065": "and say five one three", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00659-00221066-00221280": "well obviously have different numbers", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00660-00221281-00221563": "for us because the peloton position is", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00661-00221564-00221887": "important in a base-10 system like they", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00662-00221888-00222144": "use not important you get exactly the", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00663-00222146-00222346": "same value all right because it was", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00664-00222346-00222712": "completely attitude so they had these", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00665-00222713-00222991": "symbols the one represented a staff a", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00666-00222992-00223471": "walking stick the ten represented an ox", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00667-00223471-00223678": "some people just refer to it as an eye", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00668-00223679-00223965": "chart the heel which is the Cossack see", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00669-00223966-00224583": "this was a scroll and it's a meant to", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00670-00224584-00224742": "represent a papyrus school", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00671-00224744-00224898": "it's as though you took a piece of paper", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00672-00224900-00225214": "and just rolled it up and looked at it", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00673-00225215-00225525": "on end that's what you get", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00674-00225526-00226319": "this is lotus1 all right", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00675-00226321-00227169": "and this was a finger bent that's what", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00676-00227171-00227500": "it was meant to be and this is a fish", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00677-00227501-00227863": "little fish almost like they call them", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00678-00227864-00228175": "bulldog fish and then this right here", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00679-00228176-00228550": "this figure with the islands raised was", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00680-00228551-00228787": "often referred to as a man in", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00681-00228788-00229102": "astonishment the man in astonishment", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00682-00229103-00229366": "it's always also been referred to as the", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00683-00229367-00229498": "god of the onion", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00684-00229500-00229798": "of the God of the infinite okay and that", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00685-00229800-00230150": "that's it those are the only symbols", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00686-00230151-00230428": "they use for the most part now okay and", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00687-00230429-00230869": "so if you wanted to write a number you", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00688-00230871-00231292": "know like 524 what you would do is take", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00689-00231294-00231665": "five of these papyrus scrolls just put", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00690-00231666-00231977": "them next to each other 20 would be two", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00691-00231978-00232232": "of these guys and four of those and just", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00692-00232233-00232463": "put them in a group and it makes no", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00693-00232464-00232673": "difference where you put those symbols", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00694-00232673-00232880": "because it's commutative it doesn't make", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00695-00232881-00233033": "any difference it's completely additive", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00696-00233034-00233240": "just add to that and that would give you", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00697-00233241-00233861": "any positive integer however obviously", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00698-00233862-00234142": "they need to know how to calculate", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00699-00234144-00234319": "fractions how to be able to write", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00700-00234321-00234740": "fractions and one the way that they did", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00701-00234741-00234967": "it was like if you wanted the number", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00702-00234969-00235417": "just 249 249 well there's the 200", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00703-00235419-00235739": "there's the 40 and there's denial but to", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00704-00235740-00235982": "distinguish that from an integer then", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00705-00235983-00236216": "they introduced one more symbol this", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00706-00236217-00236563": "oval-shaped symbol and that meant to", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00707-00236564-00236825": "reciprocate take the reciprocal of that", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00708-00236826-00237155": "integer so that would represent one over", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00709-00237156-00237641": "the number 249 so no matter what the", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00710-00237642-00237908": "number was if you wanted one over it", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00711-00237909-00238133": "just put the group was that indicate the", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00712-00238134-00238307": "integer and then put this little oval", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00713-00238308-00238604": "they didn't make one big oval going over", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00714-00238605-00238771": "the whole thing unless it was small", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00715-00238771-00239044": "cookies what they put it on top into the", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00716-00239046-00239776": "sugar right okay", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00717-00239777-00240194": "now he's intellitrace not only did they", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00718-00240194-00240458": "use hieroglyphics but they also used", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00719-00240459-00240689": "another script which was called higher", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00720-00240690-00240989": "attic and you notice that that's stem", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00721-00240990-00241346": "again higher though all right the reason", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00722-00241346-00241787": "why this kind of script was used was", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00723-00241788-00242105": "that in writing hieroglyphics you're", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00724-00242106-00242390": "actually drawing pictures and that took", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00725-00242391-00242714": "time to do that the higher addict was a", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00726-00242715-00242978": "cursive type of script you could write", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00727-00242979-00243179": "out your you know script your text", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00728-00243180-00243461": "you know much quicker what you want to", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00729-00243462-00243764": "stood these little squiggly lines and so", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00730-00243765-00243938": "forth but those are your so-called high", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00731-00243939-00244148": "erotic movements most of the existing", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00732-00244148-00244415": "papyrus artifacts that we have that a", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00733-00244416-00244763": "numerical a written not in hieroglyphs", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00734-00244764-00245132": "actually but in higher attic some will", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00735-00245133-00245531": "have both scripts on the same on the", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00736-00245532-00246517": "same now how do we know anything mainly", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00737-00246519-00246748": "because of certain papyrus scrolls that", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00738-00246750-00247001": "are in existence today one of which is", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00739-00247002-00247319": "preserved in Moscow in Russia hence it's", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00740-00247319-00247562": "the Moscow papyrus and notice it dates", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00741-00247563-00248105": "to 1890 BC okay and that's a section of", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00742-00248106-00248381": "it that's what it looks like now this", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00743-00248382-00248705": "top PI here shows the geometrical figure", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00744-00248706-00249101": "all this is higher attic that's all", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00745-00249102-00249383": "higher attic screen down here shows", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00746-00249384-00249677": "their translation into hieroglyphics so", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00747-00249678-00249934": "here you have the hieroglyphs this just", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00748-00249935-00250223": "reproduces that figure and then these", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00749-00250223-00250775": "are numerals what do they mean what is", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00750-00250776-00251060": "the figure that's figure is just a yeah", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00751-00251061-00251498": "as if you took a pair of it all right", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00752-00251498-00251767": "cut it off lop it off at the top and", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00753-00251769-00252032": "then kind of plane through it like that", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00754-00252033-00252373": "so you would get a", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00755-00252373-00252637": "a figure that would look like that well", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00756-00252638-00252931": "on this papyrus is this particular", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00757-00252932-00253858": "problem what does it say it says that if", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00758-00253859-00254067": "you're told the truncated pyramid of six", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00759-00254069-00254263": "was a high vertical i-4 on the base at", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00760-00254264-00254446": "Senate senator Center it gives you all", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00761-00254446-00254728": "this set of instructions all right and", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00762-00254729-00254983": "then at the end you come down here it", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00763-00254984-00255321": "says you take 28 twice result 56 see", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00764-00255323-00255667": "it's 56 you'll find the right both and", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00765-00255667-00255925": "there it is so it's one of these where", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00766-00255926-00256129": "they give you the answer and you're", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00767-00256130-00256489": "going to come up with the question to", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00768-00256490-00256726": "like your ancient jeopardy factor do you", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00769-00256727-00257281": "have it well it turns out that that all", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00770-00257282-00257638": "those directions those commands with", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00771-00257639-00257929": "those numbers appear right here these", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00772-00257930-00258316": "this this and then at the end you would", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00773-00258317-00258706": "get this result II and what we can't", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00774-00258707-00259084": "hear what is it what is it that's being", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00775-00259085-00259441": "calculated when it says see it's 56", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00776-00259442-00259848": "you'll find it right what is 56 what", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00777-00259850-00259990": "does it have to do with this particular", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00778-00259991-00260401": "parameter well a pyramid that has the", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00779-00260402-00260575": "top lopped off like that it's called a", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00780-00260576-00261112": "frustum it's calculating the volume of", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00781-00261113-00261427": "that pyramid and if you go through this", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00782-00261428-00261664": "sequence of commands it follows a", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00783-00261665-00262117": "fondant a nice nice formula that is we", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00784-00262117-00262330": "always calculate for you the volume of", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00785-00262331-00262591": "the fresh little squid apparently this", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00786-00262592-00262798": "is the only example of the use of that", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00787-00262799-00263064": "formula in the ancient world prior to", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00788-00263065-00263630": "600 BC the example", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00789-00263631-00263828": "we have that so the obviously move the", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00790-00263829-00264077": "formula they didn't derive it or", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00791-00264078-00264311": "anything like that but it was correct we", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00792-00264312-00264542": "know it is today we know because we can", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00793-00264543-00264866": "actually derive that formula there's", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00794-00264867-00265277": "only 25 problems on this papyrus however", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00795-00265278-00265628": "this is it this is this is the the", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00796-00265629-00265976": "magnum opus of all the Egyptian papyri", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00797-00265977-00266192": "it's called the Rhind papyrus and that", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00798-00266193-00267083": "date to 1650 BC and it's consists of a", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00799-00267084-00267362": "papyrus all rolled up but it's about 13", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00800-00267363-00267671": "inches tall and then if you unravel all", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00801-00267672-00268697": "right unroll it goes out and it's broken", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00802-00268698-00269132": "up into different sections here like", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00803-00269133-00272180": "this these just represent that's okay", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00804-00272181-00272504": "and people have studied this in fencing", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00805-00272505-00272816": "and the types of problems that are on", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00806-00272817-00273134": "this are incredible", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00807-00273135-00273476": "most of them deal with geometrical", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00808-00273477-00273980": "problems a lot of them deal with areas", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00809-00273981-00274246": "volumes calculations things like that", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00810-00274247-00274544": "these are just some geometrical problems", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00811-00274545-00275027": "on on this papyrus okay it's really", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00812-00275028-00275219": "quite a beautiful thing just an artistic", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00813-00275220-00275483": "point of view as well because it's", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00814-00275484-00275744": "really it's written with black red", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00815-00275745-00275833": "sometimes", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00816-00275834-00276205": "with different color pigments so it's", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00817-00276206-00276625": "still quite stunning right after the", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00818-00276626-00277081": "present day in this right papyrus you", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00819-00277082-00277638": "will see a table now what I did was just", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00820-00277639-00278005": "complete translation of the table all", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00821-00278006-00278191": "you are interested in is this column", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00822-00278192-00278413": "right here this says number and this", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00823-00278414-00278740": "problem at the end there and what that", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00824-00278741-00279166": "is is to look at how did the Egyptians", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00825-00279167-00279583": "write their fractions I mean you can see", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00826-00279584-00279849": "how they do the integers by using those", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00827-00279850-00280243": "those powers of 10 symbols all right but", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00828-00280244-00280525": "what if they needed one over there well", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00829-00280526-00280771": "you saw you just put that little oval", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00830-00280772-00281043": "and that would give you a one over and", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00831-00281044-00281284": "well then what happens if he needed a", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00832-00281285-00281680": "fracture like two over and you know like", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00833-00281681-00282136": "two seconds well try to write that in", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00834-00282137-00282355": "terms of 1 over n those numbers were", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00835-00282356-00282568": "called your the Egyptian fractions in", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00836-00282569-00282802": "their honor but if I asked you how would", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00837-00282803-00283369": "you write 2 over 7 as a sum of two unit", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00838-00283370-00283635": "fractions 1 over 7 plus 1 over something", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00839-00283636-00283924": "well you could say how about one-seventh", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00840-00283925-00284404": "of plus 1/7 true no they wouldn't use", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00841-00284405-00284656": "that what they wanted is to write it as", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00842-00284657-00285060": "a sum of two different between fractions", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00843-00285061-00285427": "so if I gave that problem to you 2/7 and", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00844-00285428-00285601": "I said can you write that as 1 over", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00845-00285602-00285796": "something in it to do plus 1 over", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00846-00285797-00286134": "something that's an arithmetic problem", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00847-00286135-00286758": "could you do it", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00848-00286759-00287155": "ya know I bet you wouldn't but look", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00849-00287156-00287431": "here's seven ready if you go all the way", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00850-00287432-00287939": "over look what you get yeah that's what", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00851-00287940-00288409": "that is two over seven is really one", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00852-00288410-00289115": "thought how would you ever come up with", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00853-00289116-00289448": "something like that again the Egyptians", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00854-00289449-00289688": "that calculus of fractions just", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00855-00289689-00289955": "manipulating with fractions was amazing", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00856-00289956-00290283": "all right and you notice some of these", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00857-00290284-00290584": "look at the sea like this one here is a", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00858-00290585-00290798": "sum of three different unit fractions", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00859-00290799-00290996": "this one here is a sum of four different", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00860-00290997-00291449": "unit fractions and it goes on I just", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00861-00291450-00291740": "continued this and it goes up to a", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00862-00291741-00292121": "hundred and one so all of the answers", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00863-00292122-00292490": "are in sums of foods or three or four", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00864-00292491-00292853": "terms but no more than that but there's", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00865-00292854-00293063": "another question well why if you could", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00866-00293064-00293246": "do it in two why would you want to do it", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00867-00293247-00293533": "in three or four because there are", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00868-00293534-00293813": "algebraic formulas that will allow you", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00869-00293814-00294239": "to do it always in just two that's", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00870-00294240-00294425": "that's something that has undergone", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00871-00294426-00295154": "quite a bit while I was in contact I", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00872-00295155-00295370": "took a few pictures here only because", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00873-00295371-00295769": "you see these symbols yeah those are", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00874-00295770-00296248": "numbers okay just just as an example", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00875-00296249-00296579": "actually seen the numbers incised into", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00876-00296580-00297184": "the pillars now Saqqara is the oldest", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00877-00297185-00297709": "man-made existing edifice building in", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00878-00297710-00298046": "the entire history of the world okay as", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00879-00298047-00298207": "far as recording history is concerned", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00880-00298208-00298595": "and right there is this pyramid scarra", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00881-00298596-00299041": "stata there are obvious reasons okay and", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00882-00299042-00299375": "it's still undergoing today", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00883-00299376-00300107": "excavations as well this this pyramid is", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00884-00300108-00300326": "not open to the general public all the", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00885-00300327-00300701": "time we were fortunate enough to get", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00886-00300702-00301132": "permission to go in here and at saqqara", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00887-00301133-00301563": "you have this was just built the", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00888-00301564-00301634": "impotant", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00889-00301635-00301965": "museum and the in hotel museum is named", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00890-00301966-00302423": "in hotel after Imhotep who was the great", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00891-00302424-00302787": "ancient Greek Egyptian architect", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00892-00302788-00303048": "scientist mathematician etc one of the", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00893-00303049-00303222": "oldest there is in fact we're not even", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00894-00303223-00303602": "sure if he really existed he might be a", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00895-00303603-00304044": "complete legend it's not clear but", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00896-00304045-00304250": "inside there you'll see this and this is", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00897-00304251-00304652": "supposed to be and hopes up himself now", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00898-00304653-00304947": "in there it's interesting to know that", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00899-00304948-00305405": "they have these particular stones those", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00900-00305406-00305684": "rods and these are referred to in oil", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00901-00305685-00306315": "cubits and the children is just a unit", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00902-00306316-00306639": "of measurement and different cultures", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00903-00306640-00307001": "that change generally speaking it was", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00904-00307002-00307256": "like with the elbow to the finger all", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00905-00307257-00307625": "right this each of these were their", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00906-00307626-00307824": "measure mistakes that's how they would", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00907-00307825-00308084": "actually use these things to lay off", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00908-00308085-00308384": "their sickness very few of these have", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00909-00308385-00308606": "survived but a few of these are", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00910-00308607-00309237": "preserved here at Satara okay no the", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00911-00309238-00309597": "great as far as mathematics is concerned", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00912-00309598-00310106": "a great school of mathematics had", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00913-00310107-00310385": "flourished was created and flourished at", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00914-00310386-00310848": "Alexandria in Egypt prior to that the", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00915-00310849-00310929": "center of mass", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00916-00310930-00311394": "was really in Greece and then it moved", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00917-00311395-00311778": "over to Alexandria about the fourth", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00918-00311779-00312273": "century BC and that's where it was", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00919-00312274-00312651": "founded a magnificent library it goes", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00920-00312652-00312917": "under various names a Library and Museum", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00921-00312918-00313218": "research institution it was all that", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00922-00313219-00313412": "combined like a college university", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00923-00313413-00313727": "library museum all rolled up into one", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00924-00313728-00314070": "magnificent at one time it was bolted to", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00925-00314071-00314519": "contain over 700,000 papyrus scrolls", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00926-00314520-00314991": "unfortunately fighters before destroyed", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00927-00314992-00315207": "most of them over the years there have", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00928-00315208-00315506": "been four separate occasions of fires", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00929-00315507-00315849": "that destroyed the Library of Alexandria", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00930-00315850-00316266": "and then recently most recently when I", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00931-00316267-00316341": "was there", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00932-00316342-00316734": "this bibliotheca alexandrina was created", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00933-00316735-00317055": "and that's the society outside of it now", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00934-00317056-00317256": "it is absolutely beautiful it's a", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00935-00317257-00317640": "state-of-the-art Museum and in there as", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00936-00317641-00318084": "well is a wonderful collection of early", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00937-00318085-00318360": "scientific books especially mathematical", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00938-00318361-00318600": "books most of which you go back to the", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00939-00318601-00318804": "effort over a thousand years", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00940-00318805-00319080": "so prior to 1440 because they're all", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00941-00319081-00320052": "manuscript books but this is the new", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00942-00320053-00320501": "library at Alexandria and this is just", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00943-00320502-00320895": "an example of a geometry text and the", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00944-00320896-00321213": "author of that right here and so forth", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00945-00321214-00321594": "and it's just magnificently laid out all", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00946-00321595-00321906": "the great famous names are represented", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00947-00321907-00322074": "in this library", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00948-00322075-00322338": "the very first Alexandria and", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00949-00322339-00322671": "mathematician of any note was Euclid the", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00950-00322672-00323061": "great nuclear and that's just an old", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00951-00323062-00323313": "represent representation", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00952-00323314-00323578": "supposedly what he looked like we can't", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00953-00323579-00324127": "know for sure but this is the elements", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00954-00324128-00324526": "of Euclid and that book was the basis", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00955-00324527-00324898": "for most of our Mater Dei geometry the", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00956-00324899-00325849": "way we study it in there this was the", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00957-00325850-00326233": "element so you click the that book has", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00958-00326234-00326515": "gone over its claim well over a thousand", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00959-00326516-00326833": "different editions over the years so it", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00960-00326834-00327199": "is the all-time bestseller all kind with", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00961-00327200-00327622": "the exception of one book device other", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00962-00327623-00328035": "than the Bible this is it and the way", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00963-00328036-00328288": "you could have laid out his thoughts", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00964-00328289-00328603": "logically for dealing with mathematics", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00965-00328604-00328924": "of techniques of proof and so forth is", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00966-00328925-00329109": "all laid out beautifully in his audience", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00967-00329110-00329583": "the greatest mathematician of antiquity", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00968-00329584-00329770": "was a comedian", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00969-00329771-00330332": "now a committees was born grew up in", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00970-00330333-00330646": "Syracuse which was on the eastern end of", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00971-00330647-00330862": "the island of Sicily so he was a", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00972-00330863-00331075": "Sicilian but at that time it was grief", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00973-00331076-00331747": "so he was agreed and he can't spent a", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00974-00331748-00331978": "lot of this time his studies in", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00975-00331979-00332224": "Alexander so we considered him as an", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00976-00332225-00332722": "Alexandrian all right a khabees did the", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00977-00332723-00333121": "most advanced work anybody in this early", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00978-00333122-00333388": "period he was doing things and what we", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00979-00333389-00333559": "today with", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00980-00333560-00333877": "- as the calculus both the differential", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00981-00333878-00334162": "integral calculus if we had to write a", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00982-00334163-00334336": "history of the calculus we'd have to", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00983-00334337-00334765": "stop all the way back England and he's", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00984-00334766-00335035": "been honored in so many different ways I", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00985-00335036-00335302": "mean here's a is a stamp is an Italian", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00986-00335303-00335614": "stamp and it shows here the so called", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00987-00335615-00335857": "screwed without the means to raise water", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00988-00335858-00336030": "so one of those many adventure", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00989-00336031-00336469": "inventions this is an example of a", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00990-00336470-00336823": "mosaic and it's an ancient one that", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00991-00336824-00337030": "shows alchemy is here we record on some", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00992-00337031-00337246": "of them have a problem and this is a", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00993-00337247-00337639": "Roman soldier and the legend has it that", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00994-00337640-00338059": "at that during the Roman siege of Sicily", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00995-00338060-00338344": "especially in Syracuse 212 BC that's", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00996-00338345-00338674": "going to encourage this Roman soldier", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00997-00338675-00339058": "was instructed to capture take off of", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00998-00339059-00339358": "the music of prisoner Maccabees told the", "ikY1hx8VLpE-00999-00339359-00339553": "soldier get lost I'm working on a", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01000-00339554-00339628": "problem", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01001-00339629-00339895": "well the soldier didn't think signing to", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01002-00339896-00340132": "that then just did away the document", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01003-00340133-00340639": "it's killing so eventually there was", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01004-00340640-00340993": "supposed to be a headstone people claim", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01005-00340994-00341248": "they know where I could be he was very", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01006-00341249-00342076": "headstone is it's completely lost now he", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01007-00342077-00342490": "knows exactly every time I go over there", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01008-00342491-00342769": "I always wind up in jail the reason", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01009-00342770-00343015": "being is because what private property", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01010-00343016-00343213": "so I said no more that's it", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01011-00343214-00343630": "dr. Metis is gone forever here at Austin", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01012-00343631-00344314": "these that's him supposedly and we know", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01013-00344315-00344578": "Eratosthenes for two things one is that", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01014-00344579-00344770": "he was a number theorist he had", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01015-00344771-00344998": "developed a technique the procedure", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01016-00344999-00345235": "called the sieve of Eratosthenes that", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01017-00345236-00345544": "allow people to calculate prime numbers", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01018-00345545-00345695": "those", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01019-00345696-00345901": "only by themselves and the number one", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01020-00345902-00346435": "okay and it's a long process for large", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01021-00346436-00346607": "numbers but still it was one of the", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01022-00346608-00346829": "first it was really really is the temp", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01023-00346830-00347021": "and trying to determine what numbers", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01024-00347022-00347213": "were fine enough but he's more famous", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01025-00347214-00347678": "for this this right here and this is", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01026-00347679-00348040": "just a cross-section of what we have", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01027-00348041-00348569": "Syene is now as one Alexandria is up", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01028-00348570-00348926": "here and so he is the very first person", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01029-00348927-00349285": "to measure accurately the circumference", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01030-00349286-00349657": "of the earth the figure we generally", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01031-00349658-00349960": "associated with that is 25,000 miles all", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01032-00349961-00350006": "right", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01033-00350007-00350387": "he did it he team very was very very", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01034-00350388-00350579": "accurate and the way he did it was by", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01035-00350580-00350837": "shadow visually placing a stick in the", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01036-00350838-00351095": "ground at Alexandria placing a stick in", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01037-00351096-00351534": "the ground at Syene and at noon time a", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01038-00351535-00351842": "shadow was cast on one no shadow was", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01039-00351843-00352103": "cast on the other and that geometrically", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01040-00352104-00352253": "had just extended those back to the", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01041-00352254-00352547": "center of the earth then the angle of", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01042-00352548-00352790": "the shadow was measured they could do", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01043-00352791-00353232": "that as one fiftieth of that of a full", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01044-00353233-00353744": "360-degree rotation and set up us just a", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01045-00353745-00354170": "little ratio and you saw you come up", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01046-00354171-00354551": "with 250 thousand stadia a state Yemen", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01047-00354552-00354749": "is one tenth of a mile so it comes out", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01048-00354750-00355124": "to 25,000 so very is really really quite", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01049-00355125-00355664": "quite simple and ingenious that Polonius", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01050-00355665-00356068": "was another Alexanian mathematician and", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01051-00356069-00356423": "that's him there again but he was famous", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01052-00356424-00356993": "for the conic sections and that's what", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01053-00356994-00357062": "they look like", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01054-00357063-00357344": "you give it a double cone like that you", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01055-00357345-00357583": "just take a plane and just slice the", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01056-00357584-00357902": "cones at various orientations in one", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01057-00357903-00358175": "case you'll get a circle did you just", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01058-00358176-00358357": "orient a little bit you'll get an", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01059-00358358-00358604": "ellipse all right if you're oriented", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01060-00358605-00358757": "sort of cuts just one call", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01061-00358758-00359045": "you'll get a parabola and then if it", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01062-00359046-00359268": "cuts both cones you can get a hyperbola", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01063-00359269-00359480": "those are the so-called conic sections", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01064-00359481-00359773": "and he was able to get all the body", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01065-00359774-00359999": "equivalences of the equations of the", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01066-00360000-00360270": "conic sections and of course they appear", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01067-00360271-00360516": "everywhere especially in astronomy as", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01068-00360517-00360554": "well", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01069-00360555-00361062": "physics hero alright sometimes notice", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01070-00361063-00361812": "here on we don't really for one thing", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01071-00361813-00361887": "than that", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01072-00361888-00362166": "that's the finals for the area of a", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01073-00362167-00362415": "triangle you don't even have to know the", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01074-00362416-00362579": "angles all you need to know are the", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01075-00362580-00362919": "three sides ABC calculate what's called", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01076-00362920-00363026": "the semi-perimeter", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01077-00363027-00363278": "base B equals C over 2 that's asked put", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01078-00363279-00363548": "in there take that product take the", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01079-00363549-00363779": "square root you get your answer that's", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01080-00363780-00363983": "the so-called heroes formula for the", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01081-00363984-00364413": "area of a triangle this man is very", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01082-00364414-00365078": "important Diophantus and that's him", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01083-00365079-00365142": "apena", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01084-00365143-00365473": "but this person is really the one that's", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01085-00365474-00365793": "more meaningful this man is", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01086-00365794-00366083": "Fermo fer ma t one of the greatest", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01087-00366084-00366296": "mathematicians of all time we live", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01088-00366297-00366755": "during the 17th century and he had", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01089-00366756-00367076": "written a book Diophantus it reads a", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01090-00367077-00367295": "book called the arithmetic ax that got", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01091-00367296-00367641": "translated into many different languages", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01092-00367642-00367893": "including fractions and so Fermo had", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01093-00367894-00368378": "used this book this was the 1821", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01094-00368379-00368876": "I mean 1621 edition of the Diophantus is", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01095-00368877-00369122": "arithmetic ad-rock that around with him", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01096-00369123-00369414": "everywhere he went and you would just", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01097-00369415-00369656": "put little notes in the margin and so", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01098-00369657-00369816": "forth and so on it's a brilliant", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01099-00369817-00370250": "mathematician well one of the little", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01100-00370251-00370629": "notes one of the problems in it was x", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01101-00370630-00370847": "squared plus y squared equals Z squared", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01102-00370848-00371277": "all right a square plus a square whose", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01103-00371278-00371382": "another squared", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01104-00371383-00371837": "now you know that as the famous", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01105-00371838-00372135": "Pythagorean theorem right well it", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01106-00372136-00372423": "occurred to a fella about well what", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01107-00372424-00372621": "happens if I looked at X cube or YT", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01108-00372622-00372897": "equals equ are there any solutions to", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01109-00372898-00373335": "that our fourth power is 7 and it turns", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01110-00373336-00373722": "out that he had written in the margin", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01111-00373723-00373943": "and that still exists by the way of", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01112-00373944-00374172": "because they were feeling large margins", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01113-00374173-00374484": "in this printed book and he said there", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01114-00374485-00374796": "I'm going to do solutions for the power", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01115-00374797-00375272": "to be three or greater other than", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01116-00375273-00375813": "writing and he said and I have quoting", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01117-00375814-00376250": "him most assuredly found a wonderful", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01118-00376251-00376578": "proof of this result but the margin is", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01119-00376579-00377025": "too narrow to contain so d believe me or", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01120-00377026-00377193": "do you not believe I mean given the", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01121-00377194-00377637": "stature of Surma the general feeling is", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01122-00377638-00377916": "we feel that he really honestly thought", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01123-00377917-00378270": "he from all right chances are the", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01124-00378271-00378603": "general however he did prove it for a", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01125-00378604-00378936": "very specific case all right which which", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01126-00378937-00379092": "was interesting in its own right but it", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01127-00379093-00379371": "could not be generalized to us and that", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01128-00379372-00379731": "remain one of the Holy Grail problems in", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01129-00379732-00380046": "all of mathematics all right we called", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01130-00380047-00380256": "it sterilized last theorem of surmise", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01131-00380257-00380439": "great theory wasn't a terrible there's", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01132-00380440-00380541": "nobody could prove it", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01133-00380542-00380883": "prizes monetary prizes were often they", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01134-00380884-00381447": "couldn't do it until 1993 and this guy", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01135-00381448-00381803": "Andrew Wiles Cambridge University now", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01136-00381804-00382217": "Advanced Study at Princeton please lock", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01137-00382218-00382514": "himself away for ten years worked on it", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01138-00382515-00382966": "didn't even tell his wife this man yes", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01139-00382967-00383408": "however then it had to undergo scrutiny", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01140-00383409-00383866": "and other that petitions found the flaw", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01141-00383867-00384188": "and so what happened he renewed got back", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01142-00384189-00384380": "to fear of the flaw it's completely", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01143-00384381-00385145": "proven it's about 120 pages long I only", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01144-00385146-00385279": "got three minutes", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01145-00385280-00385576": "the first great woman mathematician", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01146-00385577-00386588": "Hypatia that's about all I can say no no", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01147-00386589-00386843": "she is the very first one she made a lot", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01148-00386844-00387026": "of contributions wrote a lot of books", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01149-00387027-00387409": "and so forth unfortunately she was", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01150-00387410-00387758": "considered a pagan all right at that", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01151-00387759-00388112": "time which was all Christian and so she", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01152-00388113-00388786": "was killed", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01153-00388787-00389185": "tall I mean we could say forget about", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01154-00389186-00389891": "Pappas was an Alexandrian and the reason", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01155-00389892-00390041": "I put that is because he gives a", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01156-00390042-00390491": "generalization with I beg of you and if", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01157-00390492-00390785": "you take any triangle and just draw any", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01158-00390786-00391157": "two parallelograms then create a", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01159-00391158-00391421": "parallelogram equal to the sum of the", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01160-00391422-00391697": "areas of these two so it's an", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01161-00391698-00392405": "interesting Pro Plus the reason I have", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01162-00392406-00392834": "him is because of this commentary and in", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01163-00392835-00393063": "it appeared the very first", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01164-00393064-00393278": "mathematics that's well the reason we", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01165-00393279-00393832": "know so much about early period okay", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01166-00393833-00394167": "now I'll end it with this the daughter", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01167-00394168-00394512": "library at Alexandria this was created", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01168-00394513-00394850": "somewhere near the the Great Library and", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01169-00394851-00395158": "it still exists today it's Underground I", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01170-00395159-00395394": "took these pictures with when I was", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01171-00395395-00396259": "there let me show you what happens here", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01172-00396260-00396537": "these niches are where they stored the", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01173-00396538-00397178": "scrolls with papyrus scrolls as I", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01174-00397179-00397448": "entered this a whole pile of people were", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01175-00397449-00397922": "running out what's the matter don't go", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01176-00397923-00398978": "in so naturally when you see anything I", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01177-00398979-00399251": "knew about that picture that I took the", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01178-00399252-00399771": "dots all right these things well I come", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01179-00399772-00400665": "home okay and I come to find out people", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01180-00400666-00401774": "tell me that these things are cores so", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01181-00401775-00402053": "so they're these light forces whatever", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01182-00402054-00402632": "you call them I suppose what we do all", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01183-00402633-00403272": "right", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01184-00403273-00403543": "thank you very much on your way up two", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01185-00403544-00403731": "comments one if you enjoyed this and are", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01186-00403732-00404082": "looking for a math course math 125 which", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01187-00404083-00404341": "satisfies your requirement can have some", "ikY1hx8VLpE-01188-00404342-00404689": "of these historical aspects"}}, {"audio_id": "ildPKcpM4ZA", "text": {"ildPKcpM4ZA-00000-00000069-00000350": "Mozambique competed at the 2017 World", "ildPKcpM4ZA-00001-00000351-00000542": "Aquatics Championships in Budapest", "ildPKcpM4ZA-00002-00000543-00000746": "Hungary from the 14th of July to the", "ildPKcpM4ZA-00003-00000747-00001332": "30th of July", "ildPKcpM4ZA-00004-00001333-00002017": "topic swimming Mozambique has received a", "ildPKcpM4ZA-00005-00002018-00002242": "universality invitation from FINA to", "ildPKcpM4ZA-00006-00002243-00002440": "send a maximum of four swimmers two men", "ildPKcpM4ZA-00007-00002441-00002844": "and two women to the world championships"}}, {"audio_id": "il4oWSUYDNy", "text": {"il4oWSUYDNy-00000-00000046-00000258": "pede ISM is a movement within", "il4oWSUYDNy-00001-00000259-00000474": "Lutheranism that combines its emphasis", "il4oWSUYDNy-00002-00000475-00000720": "on biblical doctrine with the reformed", "il4oWSUYDNy-00003-00000721-00000981": "emphasis on individual piety and living", "il4oWSUYDNy-00004-00000982-00001293": "a vigorous Christian life although the", "il4oWSUYDNy-00005-00001294-00001454": "movement initially was active", "il4oWSUYDNy-00006-00001455-00001704": "exclusively within Lutheranism it had a", "il4oWSUYDNy-00007-00001705-00001934": "tremendous impact on Protestantism", "il4oWSUYDNy-00008-00001935-00002196": "worldwide particularly in North America", "il4oWSUYDNy-00009-00002197-00002525": "and Europe peat ISM originated in modern", "il4oWSUYDNy-00010-00002526-00002804": "Germany in the late 17th century with", "il4oWSUYDNy-00011-00002805-00003021": "the work of Philips Benner a Lutheran", "il4oWSUYDNy-00012-00003022-00003231": "theologian whose emphasis on personal", "il4oWSUYDNy-00013-00003232-00003479": "transformation through spiritual rebirth", "il4oWSUYDNy-00014-00003480-00003729": "and renewal individual devotion and", "il4oWSUYDNy-00015-00003729-00003924": "piety laid the foundations for the", "il4oWSUYDNy-00016-00003925-00004184": "movement although spener did not", "il4oWSUYDNy-00017-00004185-00004395": "directly advocate the quiet istic", "il4oWSUYDNy-00018-00004396-00004679": "legalistic and semi separatist practices", "il4oWSUYDNy-00019-00004680-00004841": "of peat ISM they were more or less", "il4oWSUYDNy-00020-00004842-00005109": "involved in the positions he assumed are", "il4oWSUYDNy-00021-00005110-00005429": "the practices which he encouraged peat", "il4oWSUYDNy-00022-00005430-00005663": "ISM spread from Germany to Switzerland", "il4oWSUYDNy-00023-00005664-00005847": "and the rest of german-speaking Europe", "il4oWSUYDNy-00024-00005848-00006086": "Scandinavia and the Baltics", "il4oWSUYDNy-00025-00006087-00006309": "where it was heavily influential leaving", "il4oWSUYDNy-00026-00006310-00006479": "a permanent mark on the region's", "il4oWSUYDNy-00027-00006480-00006698": "dominant Lutheranism with figures like", "il4oWSUYDNy-00028-00006700-00007010": "hans nielsen Hogg in norway Peter Spock", "il4oWSUYDNy-00029-00007011-00007259": "and Carl Olaf Rosen is in Sweden", "il4oWSUYDNy-00030-00007261-00007473": "Katharina Espeland in Finland and", "il4oWSUYDNy-00031-00007473-00007713": "Barbara von creditor in the Baltics and", "il4oWSUYDNy-00032-00007714-00008034": "the rest of Europe it was further taken", "il4oWSUYDNy-00033-00008034-00008301": "to North America primarily by German and", "il4oWSUYDNy-00034-00008302-00008585": "Scandinavian immigrants there it", "il4oWSUYDNy-00035-00008586-00008808": "influenced Protestants of other ethnic", "il4oWSUYDNy-00036-00008809-00009045": "backgrounds contributing to the 18th", "il4oWSUYDNy-00037-00009046-00009314": "century foundation of evangelicalism a", "il4oWSUYDNy-00038-00009315-00009555": "movement within Protestantism that today", "il4oWSUYDNy-00039-00009556-00009935": "has some 300 million followers in the", "il4oWSUYDNy-00040-00009936-00010116": "middle of the 19th century", "il4oWSUYDNy-00041-00010117-00010364": "Lars Lee vilest atheist spearheaded a", "il4oWSUYDNy-00042-00010365-00010577": "pious travaille Ville in Scandinavia", "il4oWSUYDNy-00043-00010578-00010817": "that upheld what came to be known as the", "il4oWSUYDNy-00044-00010818-00011037": "Stadion Lutheran theology which is", "il4oWSUYDNy-00045-00011038-00011226": "heralded today by the liste daeun", "il4oWSUYDNy-00046-00011227-00011453": "Lutheran Church as well as by several", "il4oWSUYDNy-00047-00011454-00011658": "congregations within other mainstream", "il4oWSUYDNy-00048-00011659-00011852": "Lutheran churches such as the", "il4oWSUYDNy-00049-00011853-00012099": "Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland", "il4oWSUYDNy-00050-00012100-00012284": "although peat ISM declined from its", "il4oWSUYDNy-00051-00012285-00012521": "zenith some of its theological tenets", "il4oWSUYDNy-00052-00012522-00012744": "influenced Protestantism generally", "il4oWSUYDNy-00053-00012745-00012978": "inspiring the Anglican priest John", "il4oWSUYDNy-00054-00012979-00013179": "Wesley to begin the Methodist movement", "il4oWSUYDNy-00055-00013180-00013440": "and Alexander Mac to begin the Anna", "il4oWSUYDNy-00056-00013441-00013725": "test Brethren movement though Pete ISM", "il4oWSUYDNy-00057-00013726-00013977": "shares an emphasis on personal behavior", "il4oWSUYDNy-00058-00013978-00014172": "with the Puritan movement and the two", "il4oWSUYDNy-00059-00014172-00014406": "are often confused there are important", "il4oWSUYDNy-00060-00014407-00014655": "differences particularly in the concept", "il4oWSUYDNy-00061-00014656-00015355": "of the role of religion in government", "il4oWSUYDNy-00062-00015356-00015865": "topic beliefs", "il4oWSUYDNy-00063-00015866-00016113": "Pete is to close rains meet together in", "il4oWSUYDNy-00064-00016115-00016429": "conventicle 's apart from divine service", "il4oWSUYDNy-00065-00016430-00016725": "in order to mutually encourage piety", "il4oWSUYDNy-00066-00016726-00017068": "they believe that any true Christian", "il4oWSUYDNy-00067-00017069-00017320": "could point back in his or her life to", "il4oWSUYDNy-00068-00017321-00017512": "an inner struggle with sin that", "il4oWSUYDNy-00069-00017513-00017779": "culminated in a crisis and ultimately a", "il4oWSUYDNy-00070-00017780-00018061": "decision to start a new Christ centered", "il4oWSUYDNy-00071-00018062-00018406": "life particular ends emphasized", "il4oWSUYDNy-00072-00018407-00018646": "following biblical divine commands of", "il4oWSUYDNy-00073-00018647-00018865": "believers to live a holy life and to", "il4oWSUYDNy-00074-00018866-00019647": "strive for holy living or sanctification", "il4oWSUYDNy-00075-00019648-00020511": "topic by country", "il4oWSUYDNy-00076-00020512-00021004": "topic Germany", "il4oWSUYDNy-00077-00021005-00021286": "pede ism did not die out in the 18th", "il4oWSUYDNy-00078-00021287-00021544": "century but was alive and active in the", "il4oWSUYDNy-00079-00021545-00021784": "Evangel issuer chandra rained a Weston's", "il4oWSUYDNy-00080-00021785-00022036": "later german evangelical church and", "il4oWSUYDNy-00081-00022037-00022255": "still later the evangelical and reformed", "il4oWSUYDNy-00082-00022256-00022608": "church the church president from 1901 to", "il4oWSUYDNy-00083-00022609-00023056": "1914 was a pious named jakob Pistor some", "il4oWSUYDNy-00084-00023057-00023278": "vestiges of piet ism were still present", "il4oWSUYDNy-00085-00023279-00023614": "in 1957 at the time of the formation of", "il4oWSUYDNy-00086-00023615-00023959": "the United Church of Christ in the 21st", "il4oWSUYDNy-00087-00023960-00024196": "century peat ISM is still alive in", "il4oWSUYDNy-00088-00024197-00024424": "groups inside the Evangelical Church in", "il4oWSUYDNy-00089-00024425-00024757": "Germany these groups are called land s", "il4oWSUYDNy-00090-00024758-00024997": "Kurdish Yemen shaft inand emerged in the", "il4oWSUYDNy-00091-00024998-00025234": "second half of the 19th century in the", "il4oWSUYDNy-00092-00025235-00025485": "so called jamming shafts pervading", "il4oWSUYDNy-00093-00025486-00025816": "however in the 19th century there was a", "il4oWSUYDNy-00094-00025817-00025969": "revival of confessional Lutheran", "il4oWSUYDNy-00095-00025970-00026224": "doctrine known as the neo Lutheran", "il4oWSUYDNy-00096-00026225-00026500": "movement this movement focused on a", "il4oWSUYDNy-00097-00026501-00026677": "reassertion of the identity of", "il4oWSUYDNy-00098-00026677-00026895": "Lutheran's as a distinct group within", "il4oWSUYDNy-00099-00026897-00027127": "the broader community of Christians with", "il4oWSUYDNy-00100-00027127-00027307": "a renewed focus on the Lutheran", "il4oWSUYDNy-00101-00027308-00027538": "confessions as a key source of Lutheran", "il4oWSUYDNy-00102-00027539-00027868": "doctrine associated with these changes", "il4oWSUYDNy-00103-00027869-00028081": "was a renewed focus on traditional", "il4oWSUYDNy-00104-00028082-00028290": "doctrine and liturgy which paralleled", "il4oWSUYDNy-00105-00028291-00028513": "the growth of Anglo Catholicism in", "il4oWSUYDNy-00106-00028514-00028717": "England some writers on the history of", "il4oWSUYDNy-00107-00028718-00029107": "peat ISM eg heppen ritual have included", "il4oWSUYDNy-00108-00029108-00029350": "under it nearly all religious tendencies", "il4oWSUYDNy-00109-00029351-00029565": "amongst Protestants of the last three", "il4oWSUYDNy-00110-00029566-00029761": "centuries in the direction of a more", "il4oWSUYDNy-00111-00029762-00029995": "serious cultivation of personal piety", "il4oWSUYDNy-00112-00029995-00030193": "than that prevalent in the various", "il4oWSUYDNy-00113-00030194-00030540": "established churches ritual to treat", "il4oWSUYDNy-00114-00030541-00030757": "speed ISM as a retrograde movement of", "il4oWSUYDNy-00115-00030758-00031083": "Christian life towards Catholicism some", "il4oWSUYDNy-00116-00031085-00031327": "historians also speak of a later or", "il4oWSUYDNy-00117-00031327-00031573": "modern piet ISM characterizing thereby a", "il4oWSUYDNy-00118-00031574-00031804": "party in the German Church probably", "il4oWSUYDNy-00119-00031805-00032038": "influenced by remains of spinors piet", "il4oWSUYDNy-00120-00032039-00032251": "ism in Westphalia on the Rhine in", "il4oWSUYDNy-00121-00032252-00032549": "Wurttemberg Halle and Berlin", "il4oWSUYDNy-00122-00032550-00032795": "the party was chiefly distinguished by", "il4oWSUYDNy-00123-00032796-00032968": "its opposition to an independent", "il4oWSUYDNy-00124-00032969-00033212": "scientific study of theology it's", "il4oWSUYDNy-00125-00033213-00033464": "principal theological leader being hang", "il4oWSUYDNy-00126-00033465-00033701": "Steinberg and its chief literary organ", "il4oWSUYDNy-00127-00033702-00034037": "the Evangelist Kirk inciting peat ISM", "il4oWSUYDNy-00128-00034038-00034241": "also had a strong influence on", "il4oWSUYDNy-00129-00034242-00034502": "contemporary artistic culture in Germany", "il4oWSUYDNy-00130-00034503-00034754": "though unread today the Piatt disty ohan", "il4oWSUYDNy-00131-00034755-00035015": "georg hammond held a strong influence in", "il4oWSUYDNy-00132-00035016-00035345": "his de paya 'test belief in the power of", "il4oWSUYDNy-00133-00035346-00035579": "individual meditation on the divine a", "il4oWSUYDNy-00134-00035580-00035804": "direct individual approach to the", "il4oWSUYDNy-00135-00035805-00036062": "ultimate spiritual reality of God was", "il4oWSUYDNy-00136-00036063-00036278": "probably partly responsible for the", "il4oWSUYDNy-00137-00036279-00036533": "uniquely metaphysical idealistic nature", "il4oWSUYDNy-00138-00036534-00037220": "of German Romantic philosophy", "il4oWSUYDNy-00139-00037221-00037740": "topic Scandinavia", "il4oWSUYDNy-00140-00037741-00038049": "in Denmark particular anism became", "il4oWSUYDNy-00141-00038050-00038346": "popular in 1703 there", "il4oWSUYDNy-00142-00038347-00038559": "the faithful organized into conventicle", "il4oWSUYDNy-00143-00038560-00038823": "z' for that met for prayer and Bible", "il4oWSUYDNy-00144-00038824-00039096": "reading particular anism", "il4oWSUYDNy-00145-00039097-00039372": "entered Sweden in the 1600s after the", "il4oWSUYDNy-00146-00039373-00039615": "writings of Johann aren't Philipp Jakob", "il4oWSUYDNy-00147-00039616-00039852": "spanner an August Herman Frank became", "il4oWSUYDNy-00148-00039853-00040281": "popular patisserie and patronage under", "il4oWSUYDNy-00149-00040282-00040491": "Archbishop Eric Benz Elias who", "il4oWSUYDNy-00150-00040492-00040743": "encouraged the particular and practices", "il4oWSUYDNy-00151-00040744-00040971": "the Stadion Lutheranism a form of", "il4oWSUYDNy-00152-00040972-00041220": "patisserie nessam continues to flourish", "il4oWSUYDNy-00153-00041221-00041451": "in Scandinavia where Church of Sweden", "il4oWSUYDNy-00154-00041452-00041745": "priests largely viola stadia spearheaded", "il4oWSUYDNy-00155-00041746-00042472": "the revival in the 19th century", "il4oWSUYDNy-00156-00042473-00043315": "topic history", "il4oWSUYDNy-00157-00043316-00043823": "topic for runners", "il4oWSUYDNy-00158-00043824-00044072": "as the foreigners of the pie attests in", "il4oWSUYDNy-00159-00044073-00044324": "the strict sense certain voices had been", "il4oWSUYDNy-00160-00044325-00044510": "heard be wailing the shortcomings of the", "il4oWSUYDNy-00161-00044511-00044720": "church and advocating a revival of", "il4oWSUYDNy-00162-00044721-00044956": "practical and devout Christianity", "il4oWSUYDNy-00163-00044957-00045185": "amongst them were the christian mystic", "il4oWSUYDNy-00164-00045186-00045503": "Jakob Bohm bemmon Johan Arne whose work", "il4oWSUYDNy-00165-00045504-00045734": "true Christianity became widely known", "il4oWSUYDNy-00166-00045735-00045869": "and appreciated", "il4oWSUYDNy-00167-00045870-00046082": "Heinrich Muller who described the fun", "il4oWSUYDNy-00168-00046083-00046286": "the pulpit the confessional and the", "il4oWSUYDNy-00169-00046287-00046544": "altar s the four dumb idols of the", "il4oWSUYDNy-00170-00046545-00046855": "Lutheran Church the theologian Johann", "il4oWSUYDNy-00171-00046856-00047126": "Valentin Andrea court chaplain of the", "il4oWSUYDNy-00172-00047127-00047558": "landgrave of hesse-kassel to its place", "il4oWSUYDNy-00173-00047559-00047783": "in the pulpit and Theophilus gross gab", "il4oWSUYDNy-00174-00047784-00048158": "our D 1661 of Rostock who from his", "il4oWSUYDNy-00175-00048159-00048377": "pulpit and by his writings raised what", "il4oWSUYDNy-00176-00048378-00048677": "he called the alarm cry of a watchman in", "il4oWSUYDNy-00177-00048678-00049240": "Sion", "il4oWSUYDNy-00178-00049241-00049726": "topic founding", "il4oWSUYDNy-00179-00049727-00049983": "the direct originator of the movement", "il4oWSUYDNy-00180-00049984-00050230": "was Philip spinner born at repulse", "il4oWSUYDNy-00181-00050231-00050487": "Weiler in Alsace now in France on the", "il4oWSUYDNy-00182-00050488-00050896": "13th of January 1635 trained by a devout", "il4oWSUYDNy-00183-00050897-00051121": "godmother who used books of devotion", "il4oWSUYDNy-00184-00051122-00051382": "like arns true Christianity spinner was", "il4oWSUYDNy-00185-00051383-00051591": "convinced of the necessity of a moral", "il4oWSUYDNy-00186-00051592-00051823": "and religious Reformation within german", "il4oWSUYDNy-00187-00051824-00052126": "Lutheranism he studied theology at", "il4oWSUYDNy-00188-00052127-00052332": "Strasbourg where the professors at the", "il4oWSUYDNy-00189-00052333-00052569": "time and especially Sebastian Schmidt", "il4oWSUYDNy-00190-00052570-00052863": "were more inclined to practical", "il4oWSUYDNy-00191-00052864-00053130": "Christianity than to theological dispute", "il4oWSUYDNy-00192-00053132-00053374": "ation he afterwards spend a year in", "il4oWSUYDNy-00193-00053375-00053635": "Geneva and was powerfully influenced by", "il4oWSUYDNy-00194-00053636-00053826": "the strict moral life and rigid", "il4oWSUYDNy-00195-00053827-00054034": "ecclesiastical discipline prevalent", "il4oWSUYDNy-00196-00054035-00054247": "there and also by the preaching and the", "il4oWSUYDNy-00197-00054248-00054454": "piety of the Waldensian professor", "il4oWSUYDNy-00198-00054454-00054705": "Antoine lachey and the converted Jesuit", "il4oWSUYDNy-00199-00054707-00055051": "preacher Jean de labadie during a stay", "il4oWSUYDNy-00200-00055052-00055300": "in tubingen spener red grouse cab hours", "il4oWSUYDNy-00201-00055301-00055672": "alarm cry and in 1666 he entered upon", "il4oWSUYDNy-00202-00055673-00055900": "his first pastoral charge at Frankfurt", "il4oWSUYDNy-00203-00055901-00056088": "with a profound opinion that the", "il4oWSUYDNy-00204-00056089-00056287": "Christian life within Evangelical", "il4oWSUYDNy-00205-00056288-00056521": "Lutheran ISM was being sacrificed to", "il4oWSUYDNy-00206-00056522-00056841": "zeal for rigid Lutheran orthodoxy peat", "il4oWSUYDNy-00207-00056842-00057091": "ISM as a distinct movement in the German", "il4oWSUYDNy-00208-00057091-00057325": "Church began with religious meetings at", "il4oWSUYDNy-00209-00057326-00057598": "spinors house collegio Pietists where he", "il4oWSUYDNy-00210-00057599-00057862": "repeated his sermons expounded passages", "il4oWSUYDNy-00211-00057863-00058066": "of the New Testament and induced those", "il4oWSUYDNy-00212-00058066-00058291": "present to join in conversation on", "il4oWSUYDNy-00213-00058291-00058723": "religious questions in 1675 spener", "il4oWSUYDNy-00214-00058724-00058978": "published his Pia decid area or earnest", "il4oWSUYDNy-00215-00058979-00059173": "desire for a reform of the true", "il4oWSUYDNy-00216-00059174-00059434": "evangelical church the title giving rise", "il4oWSUYDNy-00217-00059435-00059763": "to the term pi attests this was", "il4oWSUYDNy-00218-00059764-00060006": "originally a pejorative term given to", "il4oWSUYDNy-00219-00060007-00060184": "the adherents of the movement by its", "il4oWSUYDNy-00220-00060185-00060426": "enemies as a form of ridicule like that", "il4oWSUYDNy-00221-00060427-00060780": "of Methodists somewhat later in England", "il4oWSUYDNy-00222-00060782-00061234": "in Piedad area Spiner made six proposals", "il4oWSUYDNy-00223-00061235-00061441": "as the best means of restoring the life", "il4oWSUYDNy-00224-00061441-00061731": "of the church the earnest and thorough", "il4oWSUYDNy-00225-00061732-00061966": "study of the Bible in private meetings", "il4oWSUYDNy-00226-00061966-00062269": "ecclesial I in ecclesia little churches", "il4oWSUYDNy-00227-00062270-00062505": "within the church", "il4oWSUYDNy-00228-00062507-00062781": "the Christian priesthood being universal", "il4oWSUYDNy-00229-00062782-00063010": "the laity should share in the spiritual", "il4oWSUYDNy-00230-00063011-00063310": "government of the church a knowledge of", "il4oWSUYDNy-00231-00063311-00063523": "Christianity must be attended by the", "il4oWSUYDNy-00232-00063524-00063766": "practice of it as its indispensable sign", "il4oWSUYDNy-00233-00063766-00064056": "and supplement instead of merely", "il4oWSUYDNy-00234-00064057-00064315": "didactic and often bitter attacks on the", "il4oWSUYDNy-00235-00064316-00064557": "heterodox and unbelievers a sympathetic", "il4oWSUYDNy-00236-00064558-00064848": "and kindly treatment of them a", "il4oWSUYDNy-00237-00064849-00065059": "reorganization of the theological", "il4oWSUYDNy-00238-00065060-00065268": "training of the universities giving more", "il4oWSUYDNy-00239-00065269-00065504": "prominence to the devotional life a", "il4oWSUYDNy-00240-00065505-00065818": "different style of preaching namely in", "il4oWSUYDNy-00241-00065819-00066016": "the place of pleasing rhetoric the", "il4oWSUYDNy-00242-00066017-00066225": "implanting of Christianity in the inner", "il4oWSUYDNy-00243-00066226-00066462": "or new man the soul of which is faith", "il4oWSUYDNy-00244-00066463-00066687": "and its effects the fruits of life this", "il4oWSUYDNy-00245-00066688-00066859": "work produced a great impression", "il4oWSUYDNy-00246-00066860-00067168": "throughout Germany while large numbers", "il4oWSUYDNy-00247-00067169-00067417": "of Orthodox Lutheran theologians and", "il4oWSUYDNy-00248-00067418-00067654": "pastors were deeply offended by spinors", "il4oWSUYDNy-00249-00067655-00067885": "book many other pastors immediately", "il4oWSUYDNy-00250-00067886-00068559": "adopted spinors proposals", "il4oWSUYDNy-00251-00068560-00069090": "topic early leaders", "il4oWSUYDNy-00252-00069091-00069420": "in 1686 spener accepted an appointment", "il4oWSUYDNy-00253-00069421-00069702": "to the court chaplaincy at Dresden which", "il4oWSUYDNy-00254-00069703-00069885": "opened to him a wider though more", "il4oWSUYDNy-00255-00069886-00070212": "difficult sphere of labour in Leipzig a", "il4oWSUYDNy-00256-00070213-00070485": "society of young theologians was formed", "il4oWSUYDNy-00257-00070486-00070653": "under his influence for the learned", "il4oWSUYDNy-00258-00070654-00070872": "study and devout application of the", "il4oWSUYDNy-00259-00070873-00071172": "Bible three magistrates belonging to", "il4oWSUYDNy-00260-00071173-00071406": "that society one of whom was August", "il4oWSUYDNy-00261-00071407-00071640": "Hermann Frank subsequently the founder", "il4oWSUYDNy-00262-00071641-00071952": "of the famous orphanage at Halle 1695", "il4oWSUYDNy-00263-00071953-00072234": "commenced courses of expository lectures", "il4oWSUYDNy-00264-00072235-00072441": "on the scriptures of a practical and", "il4oWSUYDNy-00265-00072442-00072651": "devotional character and in the German", "il4oWSUYDNy-00266-00072652-00072879": "language which were zealously frequented", "il4oWSUYDNy-00267-00072880-00073158": "by both students and townsman the", "il4oWSUYDNy-00268-00073159-00073416": "lectures however aroused the ill-will of", "il4oWSUYDNy-00269-00073417-00073638": "the other theologians and pastors of", "il4oWSUYDNy-00270-00073639-00073860": "Leipzig and Frank and his friends left", "il4oWSUYDNy-00271-00073861-00074070": "the city and with the aid of Christian", "il4oWSUYDNy-00272-00074071-00074295": "Thomas and spener founded the new", "il4oWSUYDNy-00273-00074296-00074601": "University of Halle the theological", "il4oWSUYDNy-00274-00074602-00074832": "chairs in the new university were filled", "il4oWSUYDNy-00275-00074833-00075045": "in complete conformity with spinners", "il4oWSUYDNy-00276-00075046-00075315": "proposals the main difference between", "il4oWSUYDNy-00277-00075316-00075573": "the new pista clew Tharin school and the", "il4oWSUYDNy-00278-00075574-00075783": "Orthodox Lutheran's arose from the", "il4oWSUYDNy-00279-00075784-00076023": "Pietists conception of Christianity as", "il4oWSUYDNy-00280-00076024-00076245": "chiefly consisting in a change of heart", "il4oWSUYDNy-00281-00076246-00076593": "and consequent holiness of life Orthodox", "il4oWSUYDNy-00282-00076594-00076827": "Lutheran's rejected this viewpoint as a", "il4oWSUYDNy-00283-00076828-00077049": "gross simplification stressing the need", "il4oWSUYDNy-00284-00077050-00077220": "for the church and for sounds", "il4oWSUYDNy-00285-00077221-00077612": "theological underpinnings spinor died in", "il4oWSUYDNy-00286-00077613-00077922": "1705 but the movement guided by frank", "il4oWSUYDNy-00287-00077923-00078159": "and fertilized from Halle spread through", "il4oWSUYDNy-00288-00078160-00078365": "the whole of middle and North Germany", "il4oWSUYDNy-00289-00078366-00078657": "among its greatest achievements apart", "il4oWSUYDNy-00290-00078658-00078812": "from the philanthropic institutions", "il4oWSUYDNy-00291-00078813-00079077": "founded at Halle were the revival of the", "il4oWSUYDNy-00292-00079078-00079425": "Moravian Church in 1727 by Count von", "il4oWSUYDNy-00293-00079426-00079671": "sins and Dorff spinners godson and a", "il4oWSUYDNy-00294-00079672-00079863": "pupil in the Halle school for young", "il4oWSUYDNy-00295-00079864-00080061": "noblemen and the establishment of", "il4oWSUYDNy-00296-00080062-00080271": "Protestant missions", "il4oWSUYDNy-00297-00080272-00080523": "Spiner stressed the necessity of a new", "il4oWSUYDNy-00298-00080524-00080732": "birth and separation of Christians from", "il4oWSUYDNy-00299-00080733-00081062": "the world see asceticism many Piatt", "il4oWSUYDNy-00300-00081063-00081249": "tests maintained that the new birth", "il4oWSUYDNy-00301-00081250-00081512": "always had to be preceded by Agony's of", "il4oWSUYDNy-00302-00081513-00081731": "repentance and that only a regenerated", "il4oWSUYDNy-00303-00081732-00082043": "theologian could teach theology the", "il4oWSUYDNy-00304-00082044-00082278": "whole school shunned all common worldly", "il4oWSUYDNy-00305-00082279-00082530": "amusements such as dancing the theater", "il4oWSUYDNy-00306-00082531-00082866": "and public games some believe this led", "il4oWSUYDNy-00307-00082867-00083154": "to a new form of justification by works", "il4oWSUYDNy-00308-00083155-00083472": "it's ecclesial i in ecclesia also", "il4oWSUYDNy-00309-00083473-00083667": "weakened the power and meaning of church", "il4oWSUYDNy-00310-00083668-00084032": "organization these patiska toots caused", "il4oWSUYDNy-00311-00084033-00084224": "a counter movement at the beginning of", "il4oWSUYDNy-00312-00084225-00084518": "the 18th century one leader was Valentin", "il4oWSUYDNy-00313-00084519-00085274": "Ernst la sure superintendent at Dresden", "il4oWSUYDNy-00314-00085275-00085879": "topic establishment reaction", "il4oWSUYDNy-00315-00085880-00086129": "authorities within state endorsed", "il4oWSUYDNy-00316-00086130-00086354": "churches were suspicious of pious", "il4oWSUYDNy-00317-00086355-00086549": "doctrine which they often viewed as a", "il4oWSUYDNy-00318-00086550-00086843": "social danger as it seemed either to", "il4oWSUYDNy-00319-00086844-00087118": "generate an excessive evangelical fervor", "il4oWSUYDNy-00320-00087119-00087404": "and so disturbed the public tranquility", "il4oWSUYDNy-00321-00087405-00087704": "or to promote a mysticism so nebulous as", "il4oWSUYDNy-00322-00087705-00088017": "to obscure the imperatives of morality a", "il4oWSUYDNy-00323-00088018-00088322": "movement which cultivated religious", "il4oWSUYDNy-00324-00088323-00088675": "feeling almost as an end itself while", "il4oWSUYDNy-00325-00088676-00088940": "some PI attests such as Frances Magni", "il4oWSUYDNy-00326-00088941-00089234": "held that mysticism and the moral law", "il4oWSUYDNy-00327-00089235-00089569": "went together for others like his pupil", "il4oWSUYDNy-00328-00089570-00089875": "friends twas louise de Latour hidest", "il4oWSUYDNy-00329-00089876-00090149": "mysticism did less to reinforce the", "il4oWSUYDNy-00330-00090150-00090394": "moral law than to take its place the", "il4oWSUYDNy-00331-00090395-00090653": "principle of guidance by inner light was", "il4oWSUYDNy-00332-00090654-00090860": "often a signal to follow the most", "il4oWSUYDNy-00333-00090861-00091097": "intense of her inner sentiments the", "il4oWSUYDNy-00334-00091098-00091434": "supremacy of feeling over reason", "il4oWSUYDNy-00335-00091435-00091653": "religious authorities could bring", "il4oWSUYDNy-00336-00091654-00091881": "pressure on piyah tests such as when", "il4oWSUYDNy-00337-00091882-00092268": "they brought some of magnesia stirry to", "il4oWSUYDNy-00338-00092269-00092439": "answer questions about their unorthodox", "il4oWSUYDNy-00339-00092440-00092724": "views or when they banished Magni from", "il4oWSUYDNy-00340-00092725-00093044": "Vevey for heterodoxy in 1713", "il4oWSUYDNy-00341-00093045-00093303": "likewise peat ism challenged the", "il4oWSUYDNy-00342-00093304-00093551": "orthodoxy via new media and formats", "il4oWSUYDNy-00343-00093552-00093795": "periodical journals gained importance", "il4oWSUYDNy-00344-00093796-00094041": "versus the former pass quills and single", "il4oWSUYDNy-00345-00094042-00094278": "thesis traditional dispute ation was", "il4oWSUYDNy-00346-00094279-00094506": "replaced by competitive debating which", "il4oWSUYDNy-00347-00094507-00094719": "tried to gain new knowledge instead of", "il4oWSUYDNy-00348-00094720-00095390": "defending Orthodox scholarship", "il4oWSUYDNy-00349-00095391-00095914": "topic later history", "il4oWSUYDNy-00350-00095915-00096199": "as a distinct movement Pete ISM had its", "il4oWSUYDNy-00351-00096200-00096388": "greatest strength by the middle of the", "il4oWSUYDNy-00352-00096389-00096514": "18th century", "il4oWSUYDNy-00353-00096515-00096772": "it's very individualism in fact helped", "il4oWSUYDNy-00354-00096773-00096937": "to prepare the way for the Enlightenment", "il4oWSUYDNy-00355-00096938-00097186": "now clearing which took the church in an", "il4oWSUYDNy-00356-00097187-00097483": "altogether different direction yet some", "il4oWSUYDNy-00357-00097484-00097696": "claim that Pete ISM contributed largely", "il4oWSUYDNy-00358-00097697-00097945": "to the revival of biblical studies in", "il4oWSUYDNy-00359-00097946-00098188": "Germany and to making religion once more", "il4oWSUYDNy-00360-00098189-00098383": "an affair of the heart and of life and", "il4oWSUYDNy-00361-00098384-00098599": "not merely of the intellect it likewise", "il4oWSUYDNy-00362-00098600-00098818": "gave a new emphasis to the role of the", "il4oWSUYDNy-00363-00098819-00098982": "laity in the church", "il4oWSUYDNy-00364-00098983-00099283": "Rudolph's own claimed that it was the", "il4oWSUYDNy-00365-00099284-00099525": "last great surge of the waves of the", "il4oWSUYDNy-00366-00099526-00099754": "ecclesiastical movement begun by the", "il4oWSUYDNy-00367-00099755-00100009": "Reformation it was the completion and", "il4oWSUYDNy-00368-00100010-00100246": "the final form of the Protestantism", "il4oWSUYDNy-00369-00100247-00100597": "created by the Reformation then came a", "il4oWSUYDNy-00370-00100598-00100837": "time when another intellectual power", "il4oWSUYDNy-00371-00100838-00101148": "took possession of the minds of men", "il4oWSUYDNy-00372-00101149-00101389": "dietrich bonhoeffer of the german", "il4oWSUYDNy-00373-00101390-00101589": "confessing church framed the same", "il4oWSUYDNy-00374-00101590-00101827": "characterization in less positive terms", "il4oWSUYDNy-00375-00101828-00102070": "when he called piet ISM the last attempt", "il4oWSUYDNy-00376-00102071-00102319": "to save Christianity as a religion given", "il4oWSUYDNy-00377-00102320-00102526": "that for him religion was a negative", "il4oWSUYDNy-00378-00102527-00102742": "term more or less an opposite to", "il4oWSUYDNy-00379-00102743-00102952": "Revelation this constitutes are rather", "il4oWSUYDNy-00380-00102953-00103279": "scathing judgment Bonhoeffer denounced", "il4oWSUYDNy-00381-00103280-00103528": "the basic aim of Piet ISM to produce a", "il4oWSUYDNy-00382-00103529-00103989": "desired piety in a person as unbiblical", "il4oWSUYDNy-00383-00103990-00104224": "PETA's omus considered the major", "il4oWSUYDNy-00384-00104225-00104452": "influence that led to the creation of", "il4oWSUYDNy-00385-00104453-00104803": "the evangelical church of the Union in", "il4oWSUYDNy-00386-00104804-00105154": "Prussia in 1817 the King of Prussia", "il4oWSUYDNy-00387-00105155-00105352": "ordered the Lutheran and Reformed", "il4oWSUYDNy-00388-00105353-00105583": "churches in Prussia to unite they took", "il4oWSUYDNy-00389-00105583-00105919": "the name Evangelical as a name both", "il4oWSUYDNy-00390-00105920-00106174": "groups had previously identified with", "il4oWSUYDNy-00391-00106175-00106429": "this Union movement spread through many", "il4oWSUYDNy-00392-00106430-00106674": "German lands in the 1800s", "il4oWSUYDNy-00393-00106675-00106999": "peat ISM with its looser attitude toward", "il4oWSUYDNy-00394-00107000-00107224": "confessional theology had opened the", "il4oWSUYDNy-00395-00107225-00107445": "churches to the possibility of uniting", "il4oWSUYDNy-00396-00107446-00107755": "the unification of the two branches of", "il4oWSUYDNy-00397-00107756-00108009": "German Protestantism sparked the schism", "il4oWSUYDNy-00398-00108010-00108304": "of the old Lutheran's many Lutheran's", "il4oWSUYDNy-00399-00108305-00108532": "called old Lutheran's formed free", "il4oWSUYDNy-00400-00108533-00108751": "churches or emigrated to the United", "il4oWSUYDNy-00401-00108752-00108976": "States and Australia where they formed", "il4oWSUYDNy-00402-00108977-00109158": "bodies that would later become the", "il4oWSUYDNy-00403-00109159-00109300": "Lutheran Church Missouri", "il4oWSUYDNy-00404-00109301-00109536": "and the Lutheran Church of Australia", "il4oWSUYDNy-00405-00109538-00109768": "respectively many immigrants to America", "il4oWSUYDNy-00406-00109769-00109975": "who agreed with the union movement", "il4oWSUYDNy-00407-00109976-00110245": "formed German Evangelical Lutheran and", "il4oWSUYDNy-00408-00110246-00110488": "Reformed congregations later combined", "il4oWSUYDNy-00409-00110489-00110701": "into the evangelical Synod of North", "il4oWSUYDNy-00410-00110702-00110904": "America which is now a part of the", "il4oWSUYDNy-00411-00110905-00111240": "United Church of Christ in the middle of", "il4oWSUYDNy-00412-00111241-00111526": "the 19th century largely viola stadia", "il4oWSUYDNy-00413-00111527-00111751": "spearheaded a pious travel in", "il4oWSUYDNy-00414-00111752-00112006": "Scandinavia that upheld what came to be", "il4oWSUYDNy-00415-00112007-00112236": "known as the Stadion Lutheran theology", "il4oWSUYDNy-00416-00112238-00112456": "which is heralded today by the liste", "il4oWSUYDNy-00417-00112457-00112657": "daeun Lutheran Church as well as by", "il4oWSUYDNy-00418-00112658-00112882": "several congregations within mainstream", "il4oWSUYDNy-00419-00112883-00113074": "Lutheran churches such as the", "il4oWSUYDNy-00420-00113075-00113314": "Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland", "il4oWSUYDNy-00421-00113315-00113523": "and the Church of Sweden after", "il4oWSUYDNy-00422-00113524-00113749": "encountering a Sami woman who", "il4oWSUYDNy-00423-00113750-00114022": "experienced a conversion liste Dias had", "il4oWSUYDNy-00424-00114023-00114303": "a similar experience that transformed", "il4oWSUYDNy-00425-00114304-00114664": "his life and defined his calling as such", "il4oWSUYDNy-00426-00114665-00114997": "liste Dias spend the rest of his life", "il4oWSUYDNy-00427-00114998-00115282": "advancing his idea of Lutheran peat ISM", "il4oWSUYDNy-00428-00115283-00115552": "focusing his energies on marginalized", "il4oWSUYDNy-00429-00115553-00115803": "groups in the northernmost regions of", "il4oWSUYDNy-00430-00115804-00116031": "the Nordic countries", "il4oWSUYDNy-00431-00116032-00116309": "liste Dias called on his followers to", "il4oWSUYDNy-00432-00116310-00116526": "embrace their Lutheran identity and as a", "il4oWSUYDNy-00433-00116527-00116730": "result list ad n' Lutheran's have", "il4oWSUYDNy-00434-00116731-00116931": "remained a part of the Evangelical", "il4oWSUYDNy-00435-00116932-00117161": "Lutheran Church of Finland the National", "il4oWSUYDNy-00436-00117163-00117366": "Church in that country with some lists", "il4oWSUYDNy-00437-00117367-00117600": "adn Lutheran's being consecrated as", "il4oWSUYDNy-00438-00117601-00117945": "bishops in the United States list adn", "il4oWSUYDNy-00439-00117946-00118158": "Lutheran churches were formed for lists", "il4oWSUYDNy-00440-00118158-00118494": "adn paya tests list adn Lutheran's", "il4oWSUYDNy-00441-00118495-00118740": "observe the Lutheran sacraments holding", "il4oWSUYDNy-00442-00118741-00118989": "classical Lutheran theology on infant", "il4oWSUYDNy-00443-00118990-00119178": "baptism and the real presence of Christ", "il4oWSUYDNy-00444-00119179-00119421": "in the Eucharist and also heavily", "il4oWSUYDNy-00445-00119422-00119739": "emphasized confession uniquely 'la", "il4oWSUYDNy-00446-00119740-00120027": "stadion Lutheran's discouraged watching", "il4oWSUYDNy-00447-00120028-00120306": "television attending movies dancing", "il4oWSUYDNy-00448-00120307-00120582": "playing card games or games of change", "il4oWSUYDNy-00449-00120583-00120993": "and drinking alcoholic beverages as well", "il4oWSUYDNy-00450-00120994-00121281": "as avoiding birth control lists adn", "il4oWSUYDNy-00451-00121282-00121527": "Lutheran families usually have four to", "il4oWSUYDNy-00452-00121528-00121821": "ten children the Stadion Lutheran's", "il4oWSUYDNy-00453-00121822-00122055": "gather in a central location for weeks", "il4oWSUYDNy-00454-00122056-00122331": "at a time for summer revival services in", "il4oWSUYDNy-00455-00122332-00122523": "which many young adults find their", "il4oWSUYDNy-00456-00122524-00123140": "future spouses", "il4oWSUYDNy-00457-00123141-00123777": "topic influence on the Methodists", "il4oWSUYDNy-00458-00123778-00124080": "Peet ISM was a major influence on John", "il4oWSUYDNy-00459-00124081-00124266": "Wesley and others who began the", "il4oWSUYDNy-00460-00124267-00124428": "Methodist movement in eighteenth-century", "il4oWSUYDNy-00461-00124429-00124830": "Great Britain John Wesley was influenced", "il4oWSUYDNy-00462-00124831-00125145": "significantly by Moravians eg Zinzendorf", "il4oWSUYDNy-00463-00125146-00125424": "Peter bowler and pianists connected to", "il4oWSUYDNy-00464-00125425-00125721": "Frank and Halle Pete ISM the fruit of", "il4oWSUYDNy-00465-00125722-00125958": "these Piatt 'test influences can be seen", "il4oWSUYDNy-00466-00125958-00126168": "in the modern American Methodists and", "il4oWSUYDNy-00467-00126169-00126856": "members of the holiness movement", "il4oWSUYDNy-00468-00126857-00127225": "topic impact on party voting in United", "il4oWSUYDNy-00469-00127226-00127715": "States and Great Britain", "il4oWSUYDNy-00470-00127716-00128018": "in the United States Richard L McCormick", "il4oWSUYDNy-00471-00128019-00128345": "says in the 19th century voters whose", "il4oWSUYDNy-00472-00128346-00128594": "religious heritage was Pete istic or", "il4oWSUYDNy-00473-00128595-00128858": "evangelical were too prone to support", "il4oWSUYDNy-00474-00128858-00129254": "the Whigs and later the Republicans Paul", "il4oWSUYDNy-00475-00129255-00129559": "kleppner generalizes the more pissed ik", "il4oWSUYDNy-00476-00129560-00129797": "the groups out looked the more intensely", "il4oWSUYDNy-00477-00129798-00130150": "Republican it's partisan affiliation", "il4oWSUYDNy-00478-00130151-00130376": "McCormick notes that the key link", "il4oWSUYDNy-00479-00130377-00130613": "between religious values and politics", "il4oWSUYDNy-00480-00130614-00130901": "resulted from the urge of evangelicals", "il4oWSUYDNy-00481-00130902-00131123": "and Piatt 'test s-- to reach out and", "il4oWSUYDNy-00482-00131124-00131510": "purge the world of sin petition our", "il4oWSUYDNy-00483-00131511-00131753": "nation's in the United States included", "il4oWSUYDNy-00484-00131754-00132001": "northern Methodists northern Baptists", "il4oWSUYDNy-00485-00132002-00132205": "Scandinavian Lutheran's", "il4oWSUYDNy-00486-00132206-00132431": "Congregationalists Presbyterians", "il4oWSUYDNy-00487-00132432-00132656": "disciples of Christ and some smaller", "il4oWSUYDNy-00488-00132657-00132989": "groups the great majority were based in", "il4oWSUYDNy-00489-00132990-00133208": "the northern states some of these groups", "il4oWSUYDNy-00490-00133209-00133412": "in the south would rather support the", "il4oWSUYDNy-00491-00133413-00133658": "Democrats in England in the late 19th", "il4oWSUYDNy-00492-00133659-00133912": "and early 20th century the nonconformist", "il4oWSUYDNy-00493-00133913-00134183": "Protestant denominations such as the", "il4oWSUYDNy-00494-00134184-00134356": "Methodists Baptists and", "il4oWSUYDNy-00495-00134357-00134567": "Congregationalists formed the base of", "il4oWSUYDNy-00496-00134568-00134798": "the Liberal Party David Hempton States", "il4oWSUYDNy-00497-00134799-00134969": "the Liberal Party was the main", "il4oWSUYDNy-00498-00134970-00135200": "beneficiary of Methodist political", "il4oWSUYDNy-00499-00135201-00135783": "loyalties", "il4oWSUYDNy-00500-00135784-00136421": "topic international influence", "il4oWSUYDNy-00501-00136422-00136700": "piete ISM had an influence on American", "il4oWSUYDNy-00502-00136701-00136919": "religion as many German immigrants", "il4oWSUYDNy-00503-00136920-00137147": "settled in Pennsylvania New York and", "il4oWSUYDNy-00504-00137148-00137477": "other areas its influence can be traced", "il4oWSUYDNy-00505-00137478-00137857": "in evangelicalism bomber says that", "il4oWSUYDNy-00506-00137858-00138112": "evangelicalism itself I believe is", "il4oWSUYDNy-00507-00138113-00138302": "quintessentially North American", "il4oWSUYDNy-00508-00138303-00138536": "phenomenon deriving as it did from the", "il4oWSUYDNy-00509-00138537-00138764": "confluence of peat ISM Presbyterianism", "il4oWSUYDNy-00510-00138765-00139069": "and the vestiges of Puritanism", "il4oWSUYDNy-00511-00139070-00139314": "evangelicalism picked up the peculiar", "il4oWSUYDNy-00512-00139315-00139504": "characteristics from each strain", "il4oWSUYDNy-00513-00139505-00139753": "warm-hearted spirituality from the pie", "il4oWSUYDNy-00514-00139754-00140009": "attests for instance doctrinal precision", "il4oWSUYDNy-00515-00140010-00140277": "ISM the Presbyterians an individualistic", "il4oWSUYDNy-00516-00140278-00140537": "introspection from the Puritans even as", "il4oWSUYDNy-00517-00140538-00140774": "the North American context itself has", "il4oWSUYDNy-00518-00140775-00140948": "profoundly shaped the various", "il4oWSUYDNy-00519-00140949-00141189": "manifestations of evangelicalism", "il4oWSUYDNy-00520-00141190-00141485": "fundamentalism neo-evangelicalism the", "il4oWSUYDNy-00521-00141486-00141734": "holiness movement Pentecostalism the", "il4oWSUYDNy-00522-00141735-00141962": "charismatic movement and various forms", "il4oWSUYDNy-00523-00141963-00142181": "of african-american and hispanic", "il4oWSUYDNy-00524-00142182-00142564": "evangelicalism Bartholomew's Egon balled", "il4oWSUYDNy-00525-00142565-00142925": "the 10th of July 1680 to to the 23rd of", "il4oWSUYDNy-00526-00142926-00143225": "February 1719 was a member of the", "il4oWSUYDNy-00527-00143226-00143423": "Lutheran clergy and the first Piatt", "il4oWSUYDNy-00528-00143424-00143795": "decision Airy to India the Merton thesis", "il4oWSUYDNy-00529-00143796-00144023": "as an argument about the nature of early", "il4oWSUYDNy-00530-00144024-00144299": "experimental science proposed by Robert", "il4oWSUYDNy-00531-00144300-00144664": "K Merton similar to Max Weber's famous", "il4oWSUYDNy-00532-00144665-00144875": "claim on the link between Protestant", "il4oWSUYDNy-00533-00144876-00145129": "ethic and the capitalist economy Merton", "il4oWSUYDNy-00534-00145130-00145307": "argued for a similar positive", "il4oWSUYDNy-00535-00145308-00145507": "correlation between the rise of", "il4oWSUYDNy-00536-00145508-00145702": "Protestantism and early experimental", "il4oWSUYDNy-00537-00145703-00145810": "science", "il4oWSUYDNy-00538-00145811-00146102": "the Merton thesis has resulted in", "il4oWSUYDNy-00539-00146103-00146360": "continuous debates", "il4oWSUYDNy-00540-00146361-00146759": "equals equals see also"}}, {"audio_id": "ilFhDF3PLIE", "text": {"ilFhDF3PLIE-00000-00000032-00000390": "from around the globe it's thecube", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00001-00000391-00000607": "with digital coverage of commvault", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00002-00000608-00000839": "future ready 2020", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00003-00000840-00001070": "brought to you by commvault hi and", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00004-00001071-00001262": "welcome to the cube's coverage of", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00005-00001263-00001543": "commvault future ready i'm stu miniman", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00006-00001544-00001791": "and i'm joined by dave vellante here", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00007-00001792-00002102": "uh of course we just had the keynote for", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00008-00002103-00002231": "commvault future ready", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00009-00002232-00002526": "uh sanji merchandani ceo davey's been", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00010-00002527-00002679": "there a little bit over a year", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00011-00002680-00002926": "uh we're watching the transformation of", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00012-00002927-00003087": "commvault as they're trying to go much", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00013-00003088-00003222": "deeper in the cloud", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00014-00003223-00003454": "of course the space you know data", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00015-00003455-00003686": "protection overall backup and recovery", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00016-00003688-00003863": "been a super hot one especially if you", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00017-00003864-00004047": "talk about everybody accelerating", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00018-00004047-00004222": "what they're doing with the cloud dave", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00019-00004223-00004375": "from an end user standpoint", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00020-00004376-00004551": "as well as for commvault so why don't we", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00021-00004552-00004727": "start with the company first", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00022-00004728-00004927": "uh as it said you know the move to", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00023-00004928-00005135": "subscription the move to cloud a lot of", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00024-00005136-00005191": "change", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00025-00005192-00005383": "needed and that's one of the reasons", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00026-00005384-00005567": "they brought sanjay into the company of", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00027-00005568-00005638": "course", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00028-00005639-00005815": "he'd been at puppet before that he was", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00029-00005816-00005983": "the cio of emc", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00030-00005984-00006295": "uh before that so dave uh tell us your", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00031-00006296-00006503": "thoughts lately on on commvault", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00032-00006504-00006734": "okay so commvault you know obviously stu", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00033-00006736-00006887": "has been around for a long long time", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00034-00006888-00007103": "and it's it's kind of a diversified", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00035-00007104-00007278": "player in the data protection space i've", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00036-00007279-00007398": "always felt like they've had a more", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00037-00007400-00007495": "diversified", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00038-00007495-00007783": "sort of vision and portfolio um sanjay", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00039-00007784-00007887": "took over", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00040-00007888-00008127": "what was it february last year yeah", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00041-00008128-00008327": "right so he kind of came in", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00042-00008328-00008574": "and inherited a company in transition", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00043-00008575-00008646": "and", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00044-00008647-00008903": "and you know transitioning from what was", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00045-00008904-00009071": "has largely been a legacy sort of", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00046-00009072-00009206": "on-prem", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00047-00009207-00009383": "you know software perpetual software", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00048-00009384-00009559": "license business to now one that's trans", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00049-00009560-00009774": "uh transferring into a", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00050-00009775-00009935": "subscription-based model", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00051-00009936-00010119": "uh obviously a large maintenance base i", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00052-00010120-00010295": "think about 60 of the revenues comes", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00053-00010296-00010383": "from", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00054-00010384-00010574": "uh from services and most of that is", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00055-00010575-00010823": "maintenance okay so he's inherited that", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00056-00010824-00011006": "uh and then they're going into a", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00057-00011007-00011199": "subscription model so that's gonna", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00058-00011200-00011374": "hit the income statement and then boom", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00059-00011375-00011559": "covet hits so sanjay's", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00060-00011560-00011774": "you know getting it all from all sides", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00061-00011775-00012078": "but commvault's a 670 roughly million", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00062-00012079-00012142": "bill bill", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00063-00012143-00012359": "million dollar company on a trailing", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00064-00012360-00012510": "12-month basis", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00065-00012511-00012855": "uh and the market caps in the 1.8 range", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00066-00012856-00012935": "so they're", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00067-00012936-00013183": "they're trading at about 2.7 times", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00068-00013184-00013255": "revenue", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00069-00013256-00013447": "so it's much better than a hardware", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00070-00013447-00013583": "company but it should be better than", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00071-00013584-00013783": "that as a as a software company so", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00072-00013784-00013919": "you know the challenge that he has is", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00073-00013919-00014055": "okay how do we get the company growing", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00074-00014056-00014103": "again", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00075-00014104-00014294": "how do we transition to that that", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00076-00014295-00014535": "subscription uh based model", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00077-00014536-00014671": "the good news on commvault is their", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00078-00014672-00014838": "balance sheet is tremendous i mean they", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00079-00014840-00014927": "have no debt", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00080-00014928-00015183": "you know no debt i mean several hundred", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00081-00015184-00015271": "million dollars", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00082-00015272-00015566": "in cash over 300 million and and zero", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00083-00015568-00015607": "debt", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00084-00015608-00015807": "which kind of interesting to me stu", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00085-00015808-00015958": "because many companies during this", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00086-00015959-00016127": "coveted pandemic have have tapped the", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00087-00016128-00016207": "credit markets", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00088-00016208-00016479": "commvault has chosen not to you know", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00089-00016480-00016615": "maybe they should right now with", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00090-00016616-00016830": "such low low interest rates and and", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00091-00016831-00016999": "maybe that can help you know get the", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00092-00017000-00017167": "the growth engine going but i think", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00093-00017168-00017286": "they're very conservative in that", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00094-00017287-00017422": "standpoint and obviously very proud of", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00095-00017423-00017567": "their balance sheet but uh", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00096-00017568-00017783": "with the likes of cohesity and rubric", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00097-00017784-00017879": "and i know we're going to talk about", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00098-00017880-00018014": "that pouring money into the market", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00099-00018015-00018150": "trying to attack them", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00100-00018151-00018303": "and we'll talk more about their position", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00101-00018304-00018503": "relative to those guys um", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00102-00018504-00018758": "you you might like to see him raise a", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00103-00018759-00018911": "little bit of money or it takes out take", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00104-00018912-00019094": "on some debt and really go after some of", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00105-00019095-00019135": "those", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00106-00019136-00019271": "opportunities that you referred to up", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00107-00019272-00019471": "front it is a hot market yeah well well", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00108-00019472-00019575": "dave you talk about", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00109-00019576-00019799": "some of the newer entrants raised you", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00110-00019800-00019919": "know just insane", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00111-00019920-00020143": "amounts of money uh when you talk talk", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00112-00020144-00020311": "about that space so not only", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00113-00020312-00020550": "uh cohesity and rubric but also talk", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00114-00020551-00020663": "about veeam", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00115-00020664-00020911": "of course we've watched veeam go from a", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00116-00020912-00021014": "change in ownership", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00117-00021015-00021239": "and how much money they have uh and from", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00118-00021240-00021375": "a revenue standpoint", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00119-00021376-00021550": "you know veeam actually might be bigger", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00120-00021551-00021735": "uh than commvault at this point uh i", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00121-00021736-00021767": "believe", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00122-00021768-00021927": "i think so they're you know billion", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00123-00021928-00022078": "dollar bookings they say", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00124-00022079-00022263": "i mean i believe it uh but they're", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00125-00022264-00022455": "privately held company commvault is you", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00126-00022456-00022494": "know we", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00127-00022495-00022655": "we can we can tell actually what their", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00128-00022656-00022839": "numbers are guarantee cohesity and", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00129-00022840-00022991": "rubric or losing money", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00130-00022992-00023150": "um so that you know their cost of", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00131-00023151-00023358": "acquiring a customer is huge", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00132-00023359-00023511": "you know commvault is let's face it it's", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00133-00023512-00023711": "servicing its install base and it's", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00134-00023712-00023919": "it's mining that and that's why it's", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00135-00023920-00024086": "cash flow positive i mean it's a very", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00136-00024087-00024158": "healthy", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00137-00024159-00024350": "company financially you know the", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00138-00024351-00024519": "challenge that again sanjay has is how", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00139-00024520-00024575": "do you get", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00140-00024576-00024735": "how do you get growth they're a company", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00141-00024736-00024950": "as i said earlier in in transition", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00142-00024951-00025183": "let me share with you if i may you know", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00143-00025184-00025311": "some data from the", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00144-00025312-00025622": "our friends at etr um and", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00145-00025623-00025870": "you know what we're showing here is the", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00146-00025872-00026118": "fundamental methodology of etr which is", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00147-00026119-00026287": "that net score stu we talk about that", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00148-00026288-00026414": "all the time etr", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00149-00026416-00026639": "is as i say a data partner enterprise", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00150-00026639-00026783": "technology research every quarter they", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00151-00026783-00026983": "go out and they say", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00152-00026983-00027190": "based for each company in their various", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00153-00027191-00027390": "segments are you adopting", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00154-00027391-00027599": "new that's the lime green that's the two", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00155-00027600-00027702": "percent are you", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00156-00027704-00027927": "increasing spending that's the 30", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00157-00027927-00028143": "percent and this is from the july survey", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00158-00028144-00028390": "so this is relative to the first half uh", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00159-00028391-00028590": "you flat you can see that fat middle 56", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00160-00028591-00028662": "percent", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00161-00028663-00028846": "and then you can see decrease is seven", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00162-00028847-00028999": "percent and that's in the pink and then", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00163-00029000-00029199": "five percent replacing so", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00164-00029200-00029479": "good news here is more people are are", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00165-00029480-00029527": "spending", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00166-00029527-00029743": "more more customers spending more than", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00167-00029744-00029870": "are spending less", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00168-00029872-00030055": "net score is the red subtracted from the", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00169-00030056-00030207": "green so it comes out at you know", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00170-00030208-00030367": "roughly 20 percent", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00171-00030368-00030567": "which is you know that's certainly not", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00172-00030568-00030711": "terrible uh", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00173-00030712-00030918": "it's a legacy company that's been around", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00174-00030919-00031014": "a long time", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00175-00031016-00031311": "so you would see a a company that's you", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00176-00031312-00031399": "know a newbie", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00177-00031400-00031662": "that's hot we always talk about uipath", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00178-00031663-00031814": "automation anywhere snowflake they're in", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00179-00031816-00031887": "the 70", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00180-00031888-00032007": "range but they're much much smaller", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00181-00032008-00032199": "companies but they're growing very very", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00182-00032200-00032295": "rapidly so", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00183-00032295-00032487": "you know this is this is respectable and", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00184-00032488-00032631": "very common for a", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00185-00032632-00032911": "a a company that has been around as long", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00186-00032912-00033007": "as commvault", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00187-00033008-00033174": "yeah uh thanks so much for sharing that", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00188-00033175-00033311": "david data dave", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00189-00033312-00033551": "of course as you said huge customer base", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00190-00033552-00033702": "they've been around for a while", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00191-00033703-00033935": "i remember when we first did commvault", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00192-00033936-00034118": "go two years ago", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00193-00034119-00034374": "you know very excited very engaged user", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00194-00034375-00034446": "base", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00195-00034447-00034702": "there was a good strategy discussion and", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00196-00034703-00034879": "an understanding for", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00197-00034880-00035039": "what commvault needed to do to get to", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00198-00035040-00035279": "the cloud but there was an understanding", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00199-00035280-00035318": "that", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00200-00035319-00035487": "they couldn't keep doing with the same", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00201-00035488-00035671": "team what had brought them to the", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00202-00035672-00035862": "the place before i you always say dave", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00203-00035863-00036023": "what you know got you to where you were", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00204-00036024-00036199": "isn't gonna get you to where you need to", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00205-00036200-00036343": "go um so", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00206-00036344-00036471": "you know talk a little bit about the", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00207-00036472-00036646": "keynote last year", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00208-00036647-00036846": "at commvault there were a couple of big", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00209-00036847-00036990": "pieces number one", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00210-00036991-00037190": "is they really had their first sas", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00211-00037191-00037351": "offering with metallic", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00212-00037352-00037511": "and what the momentum has been on", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00213-00037512-00037662": "metallic is first of all they made a you", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00214-00037663-00037799": "know big partnership announcement with", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00215-00037800-00037887": "microsoft", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00216-00037888-00038199": "ahead of this event multi-year metallic", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00217-00038200-00038367": "has a few different solutions one of", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00218-00038368-00038590": "them of course is to work on office 365.", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00219-00038591-00038646": "so", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00220-00038647-00038823": "you know when we go to sas and we go to", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00221-00038824-00039079": "the cloud we understand that", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00222-00039080-00039223": "data protection isn't something that", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00223-00039224-00039367": "just comes inherently some people", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00224-00039368-00039471": "thought oh hey", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00225-00039472-00039639": "you know i did it in my own data center", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00226-00039640-00039790": "but once i go to the cloud well", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00227-00039791-00039943": "i'm sure it just takes care of things", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00228-00039944-00040143": "like data protection and security", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00229-00040144-00040311": "the answer is i still need to think", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00230-00040312-00040495": "about it and the ecosystem is help", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00231-00040496-00040607": "filling that gap so", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00232-00040608-00040815": "metallic was the first step and what we", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00233-00040816-00041055": "saw dave really looks like a holistic", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00234-00041056-00041318": "refresh of the product line commvault", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00235-00041319-00041495": "back in recovery commvault disaster", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00236-00041496-00041558": "recovery", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00237-00041559-00041799": "commvault complete data protection all", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00238-00041800-00041990": "aligning themselves to be", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00239-00041991-00042167": "more to what you were talking about", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00240-00042168-00042367": "going to that full routable model", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00241-00042368-00042687": "and the other piece was hedvig so hedvig", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00242-00042688-00042935": "software software company helping them", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00243-00042936-00043015": "to", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00244-00043016-00043262": "be in more cloud-native environments and", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00245-00043263-00043399": "they launched a hedwig", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00246-00043400-00043711": "x so it's the you know full integration", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00247-00043712-00043830": "of that solution", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00248-00043831-00044030": "so you know less than a year from the", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00249-00044031-00044239": "acquisition to fully integrating it and", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00250-00044240-00044351": "making it an offering", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00251-00044352-00044518": "uh that's ready for what they're doing", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00252-00044519-00044671": "so that's kind of their is that their", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00253-00044672-00044927": "their their cloud play actually hedvig", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00254-00044928-00045023": "is sort of", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00255-00045024-00045302": "in that space right is the cloud you", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00256-00045303-00045415": "think subscription", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00257-00045416-00045662": "but also commvault is is basically", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00258-00045663-00045751": "putting its stack", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00259-00045752-00045927": "in the cloud right and taking advantage", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00260-00045928-00046062": "of cloud services right", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00261-00046063-00046287": "yeah absolutely dave like metallic", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00262-00046288-00046502": "specifically is built for the cloud", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00263-00046503-00046671": "so let's talk a little bit about cloud i", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00264-00046672-00046815": "have some other data here", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00265-00046816-00047086": "um and the cloud if if you uh pull up", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00266-00047087-00047135": "that", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00267-00047136-00047407": "next slide the cloud has been eating", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00268-00047408-00047543": "away at on-prem", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00269-00047544-00047807": "vendors we know it's been growing at at", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00270-00047808-00047902": "you know 2 000", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00271-00047903-00048095": "3 000 basis points higher than the", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00272-00048096-00048223": "on-prem business", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00273-00048224-00048502": "uh but what this slide shows is a is", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00274-00048503-00048574": "that same", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00275-00048575-00048758": "net score methodology that we talked", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00276-00048759-00048886": "about before", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00277-00048887-00049102": "but it's it's filtering you can see in", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00278-00049103-00049230": "the left-hand side here it's filtering", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00279-00049231-00049262": "on", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00280-00049263-00049518": "on aws google and microsoft so there's", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00281-00049519-00049646": "585", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00282-00049647-00049990": "80 google and microsoft uh customers in", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00283-00049991-00050143": "the etr data set", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00284-00050144-00050399": "it was like about 1200 in the overall", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00285-00050400-00050535": "survey this quarter", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00286-00050536-00050807": "and this shows that over time the net", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00287-00050808-00050911": "score", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00288-00050912-00051167": "of commvault in those accounts so you", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00289-00051168-00051263": "can see", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00290-00051264-00051423": "you know as i was saying you know go", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00291-00051424-00051702": "back to you know 2018 you can see", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00292-00051703-00051902": "prior to sanjay taking over this thing", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00293-00051903-00052014": "was dipping and dipping", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00294-00052015-00052294": "losing momentum coming into kind of the", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00295-00052295-00052399": "april survey", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00296-00052400-00052582": "and and then you know july survey of", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00297-00052583-00052815": "2019 and it's kind of bouncing off the", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00298-00052816-00052903": "bottom now so", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00299-00052904-00053103": "it seems like you know they're making", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00300-00053104-00053254": "some progress there", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00301-00053255-00053415": "uh and what we want to see is that that", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00302-00053416-00053630": "momentum continue to grow again net", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00303-00053632-00053775": "score is a measure of", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00304-00053776-00053999": "you know spending velocity so what you", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00305-00054000-00054159": "want to see is as that transit", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00306-00054160-00054487": "transition occurs more sort of", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00307-00054488-00054807": "uh net score increases over each quarter", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00308-00054808-00054975": "yeah well dave as you you mentioned", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00309-00054976-00055135": "earlier there absolutely are some", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00310-00055136-00055207": "headwinds", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00311-00055208-00055438": "potentially there but it looks like", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00312-00055439-00055591": "sanjay at least has", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00313-00055591-00055807": "stopped some of the bleeding on this uh", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00314-00055808-00056015": "and you know stated goal of course to", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00315-00056016-00056254": "return to growth and so we would want to", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00316-00056255-00056326": "see that", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00317-00056327-00056550": "go from just up one or two percent to be", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00318-00056551-00056647": "able to track", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00319-00056648-00056871": "with the cloud um probably a good time", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00320-00056872-00056982": "for us to talk a little bit about the", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00321-00056983-00057135": "competition dave because", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00322-00057136-00057366": "if you talk just in cloud markets you", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00323-00057367-00057487": "know are you tracking", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00324-00057488-00057654": "along with the clouds so you know the", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00325-00057655-00057823": "hyper scales themselves of course", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00326-00057824-00058030": "growing at you know very huge percent", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00327-00058032-00058126": "you know a", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00328-00058127-00058263": "company that's been around as long as", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00329-00058264-00058471": "veritas isn't necessarily going to be", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00330-00058472-00058511": "doing", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00331-00058512-00058799": "you know 35 to 70 growth as you would", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00332-00058800-00059015": "see from aws or azure", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00333-00059016-00059319": "um but you know what what do you see out", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00334-00059320-00059359": "there", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00335-00059360-00059511": "uh for some of the competition in", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00336-00059512-00059679": "general who are some of the key players", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00337-00059679-00059782": "that we need to look at", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00338-00059783-00059991": "yeah so i mean think about the backup", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00339-00059991-00060103": "guys i mean", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00340-00060104-00060326": "you know the the traditional space", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00341-00060327-00060447": "you've mentioned veritas", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00342-00060448-00060630": "veritas by the way in the etr survey", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00343-00060632-00060830": "data is is not playing well they're in", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00344-00060832-00060966": "the red", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00345-00060967-00061215": "they've been losing share the shared", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00346-00061216-00061279": "donors", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00347-00061279-00061550": "as they say you've got some big players", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00348-00061551-00061647": "dell emc", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00349-00061648-00061863": "obviously kind of living off the data", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00350-00061864-00062071": "domain base remember dell emc", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00351-00062072-00062279": "fell behind they they you know you know", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00352-00062279-00062382": "prior to the", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00353-00062383-00062615": "dell acquisition they weren't investing", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00354-00062616-00062711": "heavily in", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00355-00062712-00062911": "the data protection business uh they", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00356-00062912-00063071": "were kind of living milking off that", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00357-00063072-00063199": "data domain base", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00358-00063200-00063359": "uh they had you know back when you were", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00359-00063360-00063559": "there they had the you know networker", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00360-00063560-00063742": "and they had avamar and so there was a", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00361-00063744-00063903": "bifurcated thing frank slootman came in", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00362-00063904-00064071": "he tried to clean some of that up", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00363-00064072-00064247": "uh but then he was on to his next big", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00364-00064248-00064359": "thing of course of course it was", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00365-00064360-00064487": "servicenow", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00366-00064488-00064719": "um and so you know dell is a big", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00367-00064720-00064799": "footprint", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00368-00064800-00064959": "obviously but they're very hardware", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00369-00064960-00065159": "centric you know as you know so they got", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00370-00065160-00065463": "they have a big hardware agenda uh ibm", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00371-00065464-00065726": "with with spectrum protect uh you know", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00372-00065727-00065855": "veeam was hurting them", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00373-00065856-00066031": "they did the deal with catalogic to kind", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00374-00066032-00066159": "of stop the bleeding they", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00375-00066160-00066463": "kind of did again big install base", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00376-00066464-00066679": "uh and then you got the sort of you know", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00377-00066680-00066806": "newcomers veeam", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00378-00066807-00066943": "not really a newcomer anymore i think", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00379-00066944-00067111": "they've been around for 15 years", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00380-00067112-00067375": "big acquisition you know decent momentum", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00381-00067376-00067526": "in the market you know especially", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00382-00067527-00067694": "starting the microsoft base and you know", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00383-00067695-00067831": "they're kind of everywhere", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00384-00067832-00068087": "uh so you see them and of course you see", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00385-00068088-00068175": "cohesity", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00386-00068176-00068471": "and and rubric spending a lot of money", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00387-00068472-00068582": "as you said", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00388-00068583-00068791": "and it's interesting let me pull up this", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00389-00068792-00068935": "next next data point", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00390-00068936-00069167": "in the etr data set this past quarter", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00391-00069168-00069359": "you saw cohesity actually overtake", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00392-00069360-00069623": "rubric rubric was very very strong", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00393-00069624-00069831": "earlier on they're kind of neck and neck", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00394-00069832-00069999": "in this chart what this chart shows is", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00395-00070000-00070047": "not", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00396-00070048-00070199": "net score it's now market share now", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00397-00070200-00070438": "market shares not real market shares due", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00398-00070439-00070599": "it's i have to be cautious here because", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00399-00070600-00070815": "it's not like idc tracks market share", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00400-00070816-00071015": "what it is is pervasiveness in the data", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00401-00071016-00071223": "set so in other words within", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00402-00071224-00071479": "this segment the number of mentions of", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00403-00071480-00071559": "the vendor", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00404-00071560-00071743": "divided by the total mentions in the", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00405-00071744-00071862": "segment okay so it's really", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00406-00071863-00072038": "pervasiveness or presence in the data", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00407-00072039-00072215": "set and what this shows is", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00408-00072216-00072455": "you can see we've got 65 commvault", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00409-00072456-00072526": "customers", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00410-00072527-00072831": "in the in the survey and it shows", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00411-00072832-00073215": "the impact of veeam rubric and cohesity", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00412-00073216-00073406": "in the co in the commvault basin you can", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00413-00073407-00073623": "see uh up through", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00414-00073624-00073855": "let's see that's the you know recent", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00415-00073856-00073943": "surveys", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00416-00073944-00074255": "uh is you see the increases", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00417-00074256-00074591": "up to you know the the the increasing", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00418-00074592-00074815": "uh red line is veeam and then you got", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00419-00074816-00074999": "the you know rubric line", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00420-00075000-00075199": "and then the cohesity line but they're", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00421-00075200-00075423": "all recently since the october 19th", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00422-00075424-00075503": "survey down", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00423-00075504-00075719": "trending down so that says to me that", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00424-00075720-00075894": "commvault is holding serve within its", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00425-00075895-00076071": "own base and actually doing better", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00426-00076072-00076255": "as these guys are declining in its base", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00427-00076256-00076399": "you can see the comment that etr made", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00428-00076400-00076591": "rubric cohesity and veeam are all seeing", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00429-00076592-00076815": "market share declines in shared accounts", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00430-00076816-00076935": "with commvault so that's", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00431-00076936-00077087": "that's good news i think this is very", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00432-00077088-00077215": "important stu and here's why this", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00433-00077216-00077359": "commvault has got to", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00434-00077360-00077631": "you know hunker down and maintain those", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00435-00077632-00077815": "customers it does not we want to be a", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00436-00077816-00077903": "shared donor", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00437-00077904-00078062": "much in the same way that veritas has", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00438-00078063-00078215": "been so you know kind of that's a quick", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00439-00078216-00078343": "scan of the uh", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00440-00078344-00078487": "of the competitive marketplace and again", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00441-00078488-00078703": "from my standpoint i'd like to see", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00442-00078704-00078838": "sanjay maybe get a little bit more", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00443-00078839-00078959": "aggressive", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00444-00078960-00079126": "i'd like to i like the acquisitions you", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00445-00079127-00079335": "know hedvig that's great doing actually", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00446-00079336-00079462": "some more subscription but", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00447-00079463-00079599": "i'd like to see him go hard after a", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00448-00079600-00079782": "cloud native i don't i have to dig into", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00449-00079783-00079862": "that maybe", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00450-00079863-00080094": "you can comment but really cloud native", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00451-00080095-00080343": "and and multi-cloud across clouds being", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00452-00080344-00080503": "able to have that same", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00453-00080504-00080775": "uh uh experience on-prem as i do in the", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00454-00080776-00080838": "clouds", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00455-00080839-00080982": "at very high performance very low", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00456-00080983-00081199": "latency yeah well dave first of all one", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00457-00081200-00081303": "thing talk about", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00458-00081304-00081462": "the the competitive win rate that's", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00459-00081463-00081599": "something you always look at is how are", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00460-00081600-00081759": "you doing against the competitors", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00461-00081760-00081975": "not only did sanjay come in but you saw", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00462-00081976-00082143": "uh you know changes along how they", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00463-00082144-00082399": "the the the channel chief i believe and", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00464-00082400-00082582": "the in the sales people so", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00465-00082583-00082815": "you know definitely reinvigorating", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00466-00082816-00082982": "reinvigorating that piece of it", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00467-00082983-00083255": "um as well as as dave we saw in the", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00468-00083256-00083326": "keynote so", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00469-00083327-00083606": "the portfolio is updated so you know an", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00470-00083607-00083750": "aggressive engineering", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00471-00083751-00083999": "investment some through acquisition some", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00472-00084000-00084079": "through", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00473-00084080-00084223": "changing the code and moving in these", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00474-00084224-00084447": "environments leveraging partnerships", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00475-00084448-00084671": "great to see the microsoft one love to", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00476-00084672-00084871": "see something along the lines of google", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00477-00084872-00085071": "we understand amazon you play in that", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00478-00085072-00085206": "ecosystem", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00479-00085207-00085423": "it is challenging to necessarily partner", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00480-00085424-00085694": "deeply with aws unless you're one of a", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00481-00085695-00085838": "few strong players", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00482-00085839-00086182": "in the marketplace um but working closer", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00483-00086183-00086375": "in cloud and dave one thing i point out", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00484-00086376-00086503": "last year one of the things that really", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00485-00086504-00086575": "impressed me", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00486-00086576-00086806": "at commvault go is they did have some", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00487-00086807-00086950": "good developer action so when you talk", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00488-00086951-00086999": "about", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00489-00087000-00087159": "cloud native of course enabling", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00490-00087160-00087415": "developers is one of the key things", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00491-00087416-00087662": "like many companies out there inside the", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00492-00087663-00087815": "company you've got developers so how are", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00493-00087816-00087847": "you", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00494-00087848-00088094": "unleashing that so hedvig a good", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00495-00088095-00088262": "acquisition along those lines", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00496-00088263-00088391": "but you know in the middle of the show", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00497-00088392-00088559": "floor they had you know people that you", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00498-00088560-00088735": "set up with whiteboards and just go at", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00499-00088736-00088887": "it so you know reminds me of", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00500-00088888-00089055": "you know days past when you used to have", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00501-00089056-00089255": "these engineering driven shows", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00502-00089256-00089391": "where you could go in and really", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00503-00089392-00089535": "understand that so helping the", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00504-00089536-00089606": "developers", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00505-00089607-00089926": "enable them backup and recovery just", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00506-00089927-00090087": "needs to tie into all my", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00507-00090088-00090367": "devops and itops and you know all my", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00508-00090368-00090415": "other", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00509-00090416-00090623": "environments to make things just more", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00510-00090624-00090759": "automated because", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00511-00090760-00090911": "also you talk cloud native dave", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00512-00090912-00091118": "automation has to be a big piece of it", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00513-00091119-00091382": "uh and to your point we actually have", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00514-00091383-00091455": "really good", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00515-00091456-00091582": "guests coming on the program not only", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00516-00091583-00091782": "will we have sanjay you know relatively", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00517-00091783-00091967": "fresh off the keynote i've got a panel", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00518-00091968-00092167": "with the product people to really dig in", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00519-00092168-00092359": "and understand that we'll we'll poke and", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00520-00092360-00092526": "prod at some of the cloud native pieces", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00521-00092527-00092615": "and understand", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00522-00092616-00092806": "uh where that's going uh got their head", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00523-00092807-00092974": "of strategy also on the program", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00524-00092975-00093199": "yes so i mean i i think you're making a", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00525-00093200-00093311": "great point about automation", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00526-00093312-00093550": "and just speaking about m a for a moment", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00527-00093551-00093711": "i like m a i like growth through m", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00528-00093712-00093982": "a i'm comfortable with that as as long", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00529-00093983-00094094": "as", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00530-00094095-00094423": "you know it fits into the portfolio uh", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00531-00094424-00094574": "your point about automation i see", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00532-00094575-00094799": "opportunities there for m a uh", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00533-00094800-00095087": "things like visibility observability", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00534-00095088-00095287": "obviously hot analytics", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00535-00095288-00095582": "automated operations itops anything that", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00536-00095583-00095743": "sort of removes labor", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00537-00095744-00096006": "and complexity and gives me visibility", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00538-00096007-00096047": "across", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00539-00096048-00096255": "clouds that i think is is something that", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00540-00096256-00096406": "could be interesting", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00541-00096407-00096535": "again as long as it fits into the", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00542-00096536-00096694": "portfolio i'll say this i mean sanjay", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00543-00096695-00096743": "was at", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00544-00096744-00096991": "emc and knows m a because i have no", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00545-00096992-00097103": "doubt they were bringing", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00546-00097104-00097247": "you know all their m a candidates to", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00547-00097248-00097367": "sanji saying okay what do you think of", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00548-00097368-00097447": "this tech", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00549-00097448-00097623": "you know do you use it probably kick the", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00550-00097624-00097750": "tires a little bit", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00551-00097751-00097991": "um so he i'm sure was a part of those", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00552-00097992-00098094": "and he saw", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00553-00098095-00098223": "i saw i'm sure he saw the good the bad", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00554-00098224-00098350": "and the ugly and you know you were there", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00555-00098351-00098526": "emc was pretty good at acquisitions but", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00556-00098527-00098671": "then it got a little out of control", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00557-00098672-00098926": "yeah and dave talk automation sanji came", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00558-00098927-00099135": "from puppet puppet was one of the early", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00559-00099136-00099350": "companies along helping people move", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00560-00099351-00099567": "along from those manual tasks to how can", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00561-00099568-00099711": "we automate those so", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00562-00099712-00099926": "absolutely sanjay now a little over a", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00563-00099927-00100015": "year", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00564-00100016-00100206": "in there starting to see from the", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00565-00100207-00100359": "product standpoint and", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00566-00100360-00100543": "expect to see some of the trailing", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00567-00100544-00100687": "results as to how that moves forward", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00568-00100688-00100823": "yeah and then again blending that", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00569-00100824-00100894": "whether", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00570-00100895-00101047": "if it's a tuck-in or whatever maybe", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00571-00101048-00101206": "there's some you know big chess move out", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00572-00101207-00101335": "there i i would", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00573-00101336-00101615": "suspect given commvault's conservative", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00574-00101616-00101703": "nature", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00575-00101704-00101894": "you wouldn't see that although they", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00576-00101895-00102087": "could do it i mean at their", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00577-00102088-00102303": "you know revenue level their balance", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00578-00102304-00102399": "sheet would allow them", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00579-00102400-00102742": "to to to to raise some some debt if they", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00580-00102743-00102886": "wanted to do that", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00581-00102888-00103054": "you know now would be the time to do it", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00582-00103055-00103230": "i mean but it's interesting everybody's", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00583-00103231-00103358": "doing it and they're not so i kind of", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00584-00103359-00103542": "like the contrarian play", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00585-00103543-00103727": "but you know given the opportunity in", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00586-00103728-00103918": "the market given the tam expansion", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00587-00103919-00104118": "through you know beyond backup into data", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00588-00104119-00104215": "management", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00589-00104216-00104430": "uh and it's a cloud and multi-cloud i do", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00590-00104431-00104551": "think there's there's maybe an", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00591-00104552-00104671": "opportunity for them to be a little bit", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00592-00104672-00104742": "more aggressive", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00593-00104743-00104886": "all right well dave thanks so much for", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00594-00104888-00105031": "helping us dig in and kick off our", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00595-00105032-00105110": "coverage", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00596-00105111-00105286": "you're welcome stu all right stay with", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00597-00105288-00105447": "us we have a bunch of interviews here", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00598-00105448-00105647": "for commvault future ready i'm stu", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00599-00105648-00106483": "miniman and thank you for watching", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00600-00106483-00107063": "thecube", "ilFhDF3PLIE-00601-00107064-00107272": "you"}}, {"audio_id": "im0zvEn9goI", "text": {"im0zvEn9goI-00000-00000000-00000227": "[Music]", "im0zvEn9goI-00001-00000228-00000734": "foreign", "im0zvEn9goI-00002-00000735-00004145": "[Music]", "im0zvEn9goI-00003-00004146-00004811": "foreign", "im0zvEn9goI-00004-00004812-00007084": "[Music]", "im0zvEn9goI-00005-00007086-00007463": "I don't know", "im0zvEn9goI-00006-00007464-00007931": "foreign", "im0zvEn9goI-00007-00007931-00011128": "[Music]", "im0zvEn9goI-00008-00011129-00011350": "foreign", "im0zvEn9goI-00009-00011351-00012523": "[Music]", "im0zvEn9goI-00010-00012524-00015437": "[Music]", "im0zvEn9goI-00011-00015438-00015496": "[Applause]", "im0zvEn9goI-00012-00015497-00017533": "[Music]", "im0zvEn9goI-00013-00017534-00018134": "all right", "im0zvEn9goI-00014-00018135-00019343": "[Music]", "im0zvEn9goI-00015-00019344-00019822": "back", "im0zvEn9goI-00016-00019823-00020074": "foreign", "im0zvEn9goI-00017-00020075-00023375": "[Music]", "im0zvEn9goI-00018-00023376-00023676": "foreign"}}, {"audio_id": "img4WjpST1o", "text": {"img4WjpST1o-00000-00000037-00000698": "so it's the fall of 2018 and/or it's", "img4WjpST1o-00001-00000699-00000872": "approaching the fall and I'm coming in", "img4WjpST1o-00002-00000873-00001061": "to MIT with my parents and we're really", "img4WjpST1o-00003-00001062-00001268": "excited because you know I'm at this", "img4WjpST1o-00004-00001269-00001487": "amazing place of learning you know you", "img4WjpST1o-00005-00001488-00001670": "hear about this place and like movies", "img4WjpST1o-00006-00001671-00001880": "right so it's really cool and when it", "img4WjpST1o-00007-00001880-00002077": "comes a sense of excitement like", "img4WjpST1o-00008-00002078-00002233": "wonderment almost because I'm standing", "img4WjpST1o-00009-00002234-00002396": "on these shoulder on like the shoulders", "img4WjpST1o-00010-00002397-00002593": "of giants but also a sense of like", "img4WjpST1o-00011-00002594-00002764": "indigestion rate of just like oh god", "img4WjpST1o-00012-00002765-00003001": "what's gonna happen next but luckily the", "img4WjpST1o-00013-00003002-00003122": "first couple weeks we're okay", "img4WjpST1o-00014-00003123-00003389": "you know I go into my for example", "img4WjpST1o-00015-00003390-00003539": "Graduate biochemistry class and so", "img4WjpST1o-00016-00003540-00003722": "that's my background what I came in", "img4WjpST1o-00017-00003722-00004067": "knowing I come in with a sense of kind", "img4WjpST1o-00018-00004068-00004274": "of like comfort that everything's gonna", "img4WjpST1o-00019-00004275-00004586": "be okay that I am capable of going here", "img4WjpST1o-00020-00004587-00004775": "finishing my degree and then leaving in", "img4WjpST1o-00021-00004776-00004913": "like somewhere around five to six years", "img4WjpST1o-00022-00004914-00005339": "which is very exciting but then comes", "img4WjpST1o-00023-00005340-00005663": "along another sort of obstacle a couple", "img4WjpST1o-00024-00005664-00005861": "weeks and where we're going over a", "img4WjpST1o-00025-00005862-00006155": "relatively simple topic that it's called", "img4WjpST1o-00026-00006156-00006308": "replica plating which is where you take", "img4WjpST1o-00027-00006309-00006610": "a plate of cells and then you press a", "img4WjpST1o-00028-00006611-00006796": "piece of fabric onto it to pick up the", "img4WjpST1o-00029-00006797-00006998": "cells and then you put that piece of", "img4WjpST1o-00030-00006998-00007192": "fabric with the cells on it onto a plate", "img4WjpST1o-00031-00007193-00007358": "that has no cells so essentially you're", "img4WjpST1o-00032-00007359-00007520": "just like I said transferring cells from", "img4WjpST1o-00033-00007520-00007766": "one plate to another and we were", "img4WjpST1o-00034-00007767-00008005": "reviewing this topic with my friends", "img4WjpST1o-00035-00008006-00008224": "just a regular study room me and some", "img4WjpST1o-00036-00008225-00008609": "other friends and you know I think I", "img4WjpST1o-00037-00008610-00008824": "raised my hand because we were just like", "img4WjpST1o-00038-00008825-00009085": "someone was lecturing and I said wait so", "img4WjpST1o-00039-00009086-00009194": "what do you talk about like how do you", "img4WjpST1o-00040-00009195-00009458": "move from one plate to another they said", "img4WjpST1o-00041-00009459-00009595": "well you just put the piece of fabric on", "img4WjpST1o-00042-00009596-00010019": "there and then I asked them what do you", "img4WjpST1o-00043-00010020-00010187": "mean you just use a piece of fabric and", "img4WjpST1o-00044-00010188-00010444": "then they said you just use the piece of", "img4WjpST1o-00045-00010445-00010634": "fabric and I think we continued with", "img4WjpST1o-00046-00010635-00010867": "this almost like circular system of", "img4WjpST1o-00047-00010868-00011069": "questions over and over again until they", "img4WjpST1o-00048-00011070-00011255": "got to like six or seven questions later", "img4WjpST1o-00049-00011256-00011455": "when it seemed like I was asking my", "img4WjpST1o-00050-00011456-00011762": "questions as a joke but in reality I was", "img4WjpST1o-00051-00011763-00012155": "totally and utterly befuddled by this by", "img4WjpST1o-00052-00012156-00012355": "this process and they ended up laughing", "img4WjpST1o-00053-00012356-00012646": "at me which was truly shocking because", "img4WjpST1o-00054-00012647-00012958": "at that moment was when I kind of went", "img4WjpST1o-00055-00012959-00013267": "from thinking I can do this to maybe I", "img4WjpST1o-00056-00013268-00013376": "can't", "img4WjpST1o-00057-00013377-00013684": "and so it kind of just nudged at me and", "img4WjpST1o-00058-00013685-00013931": "it kept on nudging at me to the point", "img4WjpST1o-00059-00013932-00014156": "where for example I was also in the", "img4WjpST1o-00060-00014157-00014390": "class with a professor and I was going", "img4WjpST1o-00061-00014391-00014516": "over some sort of experimental design", "img4WjpST1o-00062-00014516-00014744": "and when we were drawing our", "img4WjpST1o-00063-00014744-00014909": "experimental design I drew like a little", "img4WjpST1o-00064-00014910-00015094": "drawing of a cell and I happened to put", "img4WjpST1o-00065-00015096-00015238": "a smiley face on it because that's just", "img4WjpST1o-00066-00015240-00015419": "how I was taught by an instructor all", "img4WjpST1o-00067-00015419-00015547": "the way back probably in like high", "img4WjpST1o-00068-00015549-00015887": "school and you know they they made a", "img4WjpST1o-00069-00015888-00016028": "point of it they they kind of just", "img4WjpST1o-00070-00016029-00016208": "remarked on it and when they were marked", "img4WjpST1o-00071-00016209-00016433": "on me drawing that it also made me kind", "img4WjpST1o-00072-00016434-00016571": "of like once again questioned whether or", "img4WjpST1o-00073-00016572-00016913": "not I could do it and so instead of this", "img4WjpST1o-00074-00016914-00017219": "like vibrant kind of like excited", "img4WjpST1o-00075-00017220-00017333": "graduate student that kind of became", "img4WjpST1o-00076-00017334-00017549": "this worried graduate student of like", "img4WjpST1o-00077-00017550-00017708": "what did I actually get myself into", "img4WjpST1o-00078-00017709-00017966": "because you know even though MIT is this", "img4WjpST1o-00079-00017967-00018191": "great place of learning it also just", "img4WjpST1o-00080-00018192-00018374": "seemed very inaccessible to me at the", "img4WjpST1o-00081-00018375-00018587": "moment and so these things just kept on", "img4WjpST1o-00082-00018588-00018722": "happening and I kept on kind of", "img4WjpST1o-00083-00018723-00018938": "questioning my ability to be here my", "img4WjpST1o-00084-00018939-00019199": "competency so to speak until eventually", "img4WjpST1o-00085-00019200-00019403": "got to a point where I needed what I", "img4WjpST1o-00086-00019404-00019589": "would call professional help and I", "img4WjpST1o-00087-00019590-00019925": "decided to email one of my professors", "img4WjpST1o-00088-00019926-00020111": "and he was very understanding he", "img4WjpST1o-00089-00020112-00020240": "actually replied with him like the day", "img4WjpST1o-00090-00020241-00020513": "and he mentioned like oh yeah let's just", "img4WjpST1o-00091-00020514-00020794": "meet on here a couple days that I'm", "img4WjpST1o-00092-00020795-00020983": "available and one of them happened to be", "img4WjpST1o-00093-00020984-00021281": "Sunday at 7 p.m. and I was astonished", "img4WjpST1o-00094-00021282-00021476": "because you know you would think that a", "img4WjpST1o-00095-00021477-00021647": "professor will have very little time or", "img4WjpST1o-00096-00021648-00021848": "they have other things to do but this", "img4WjpST1o-00097-00021849-00022094": "professor took time to like say oh yeah", "img4WjpST1o-00098-00022095-00022238": "my schedule was actually totally open on", "img4WjpST1o-00099-00022239-00022472": "a weekend at a really awkward hour which", "img4WjpST1o-00100-00022473-00022715": "is pretty crazy so I went and I met him", "img4WjpST1o-00101-00022716-00023066": "I really I went to his building and so", "img4WjpST1o-00102-00023067-00023276": "then we met he let me into his office", "img4WjpST1o-00103-00023277-00023690": "and he was very cordial he also took a", "img4WjpST1o-00104-00023691-00023840": "lot of time to make sure that I was", "img4WjpST1o-00105-00023841-00024101": "comfortable because he gave me like a", "img4WjpST1o-00106-00024102-00024506": "cup of tea he was able to give me a he", "img4WjpST1o-00107-00024507-00024650": "let me just kind of like sit in his", "img4WjpST1o-00108-00024651-00024836": "office and just chill out for a minute", "img4WjpST1o-00109-00024837-00024974": "or two because I think he could sense", "img4WjpST1o-00110-00024975-00025232": "that there was a sense of kind of", "img4WjpST1o-00111-00025233-00025451": "malaise coming from me like a sense of", "img4WjpST1o-00112-00025452-00025972": "pain and so as a result he just at one", "img4WjpST1o-00113-00025973-00026108": "point just asked me like what what", "img4WjpST1o-00114-00026108-00026387": "exactly is happening and what I thought", "img4WjpST1o-00115-00026388-00026582": "was going to be just a brief", "img4WjpST1o-00116-00026583-00026737": "conversation about my", "img4WjpST1o-00117-00026738-00026899": "my performance or how to better my", "img4WjpST1o-00118-00026900-00027115": "academic performance ended up really", "img4WjpST1o-00119-00027116-00027302": "turning into a lot of the emotional", "img4WjpST1o-00120-00027302-00027461": "turmoil that I had faced in the last", "img4WjpST1o-00121-00027462-00027755": "couple months and so I had told him all", "img4WjpST1o-00122-00027756-00027940": "sorts of things like for example that I", "img4WjpST1o-00123-00027941-00028252": "felt incompetent and that I thought that", "img4WjpST1o-00124-00028253-00028465": "you know the others and the you know", "img4WjpST1o-00125-00028466-00028702": "that I had these experiences where I", "img4WjpST1o-00126-00028703-00028915": "just felt like I just wasn't that good", "img4WjpST1o-00127-00028916-00029114": "like I just didn't belong here and how", "img4WjpST1o-00128-00029114-00029279": "everyone else seemed like they belong", "img4WjpST1o-00129-00029280-00029370": "here but not me", "img4WjpST1o-00130-00029371-00029623": "and I think upon me saying that there", "img4WjpST1o-00131-00029624-00029848": "was a sort of silence for a minute or", "img4WjpST1o-00132-00029849-00030121": "two and after you know a minute or two", "img4WjpST1o-00133-00030122-00030343": "he just turned to me and he said what", "img4WjpST1o-00134-00030344-00030680": "makes you think that the others like", "img4WjpST1o-00135-00030681-00031007": "also feel perfectly competent and upon", "img4WjpST1o-00136-00031008-00031274": "them saying that there was a sense of", "img4WjpST1o-00137-00031275-00031561": "relief from the idea that I wasn't", "img4WjpST1o-00138-00031562-00031762": "totally alone and that some of my", "img4WjpST1o-00139-00031763-00032217": "experiences were not per se unique and", "img4WjpST1o-00140-00032218-00032470": "that instead this is something that a", "img4WjpST1o-00141-00032471-00032645": "lot of other students are facing but", "img4WjpST1o-00142-00032645-00032890": "maybe we have a lot of trouble kind of", "img4WjpST1o-00143-00032891-00033224": "voicing and so instead of thinking of", "img4WjpST1o-00144-00033225-00033352": "that one time when my friends were", "img4WjpST1o-00145-00033353-00033667": "laughing at me as the maquis mirror them", "img4WjpST1o-00146-00033668-00033892": "calling me incompetent in reality it's", "img4WjpST1o-00147-00033893-00034042": "probably that they were reflecting on", "img4WjpST1o-00148-00034043-00034235": "their experiences and they saw that you", "img4WjpST1o-00149-00034236-00034357": "know even someone else", "img4WjpST1o-00150-00034358-00034604": "who was also very smart has had has", "img4WjpST1o-00151-00034605-00034783": "trouble with something seemingly simple", "img4WjpST1o-00152-00034784-00035089": "or even like a professor pointing out a", "img4WjpST1o-00153-00035090-00035362": "certain type of drawing is not", "img4WjpST1o-00154-00035363-00035626": "necessarily him saying like oh man this", "img4WjpST1o-00155-00035627-00035782": "guy is incompetent it's more so oh", "img4WjpST1o-00156-00035783-00035911": "that's a different viewpoint that I", "img4WjpST1o-00157-00035912-00036202": "hadn't considered before and it's taken", "img4WjpST1o-00158-00036203-00036592": "some time to truly delve into this topic", "img4WjpST1o-00159-00036593-00037105": "of self love and self like and this my", "img4WjpST1o-00160-00037106-00037393": "ability as as a student but it's really", "img4WjpST1o-00161-00037394-00037696": "forced me to think of my studies not as", "img4WjpST1o-00162-00037697-00038092": "a competition but instead as a time for", "img4WjpST1o-00163-00038093-00039085": "me to grow and learn as much as possible", "img4WjpST1o-00164-00039086-00039291": "you"}}, {"audio_id": "imjvbKlp3Tg", "text": {"imjvbKlp3Tg-00000-00000008-00000206": "in this video we will show you how to", "imjvbKlp3Tg-00001-00000208-00000438": "use the sales guide using the sales", "imjvbKlp3Tg-00002-00000440-00000711": "guide you can simplify the sales process", "imjvbKlp3Tg-00003-00000712-00000943": "and make it more structured the sales", "imjvbKlp3Tg-00004-00000944-00001103": "guide gives you a path through the", "imjvbKlp3Tg-00005-00001104-00001327": "different stages of a predefined sales", "imjvbKlp3Tg-00006-00001328-00001431": "process", "imjvbKlp3Tg-00007-00001432-00001607": "and contains suggestions for which", "imjvbKlp3Tg-00008-00001607-00001807": "follow-ups you should perform and which", "imjvbKlp3Tg-00009-00001807-00002014": "documents you should create in each", "imjvbKlp3Tg-00010-00002016-00002287": "individual stage of the sales process", "imjvbKlp3Tg-00011-00002288-00002542": "to use the sales guide open your sale", "imjvbKlp3Tg-00012-00002543-00002783": "and click on the sales guide tab", "imjvbKlp3Tg-00013-00002784-00003055": "to plan a new activity or meeting click", "imjvbKlp3Tg-00014-00003056-00003279": "on the create link in the appointment", "imjvbKlp3Tg-00015-00003279-00003543": "dialog enter the information you need", "imjvbKlp3Tg-00016-00003544-00004070": "and invite your participants", "imjvbKlp3Tg-00017-00004071-00004359": "then click save to save the meeting when", "imjvbKlp3Tg-00018-00004360-00004591": "you complete the activity or meeting", "imjvbKlp3Tg-00019-00004592-00004799": "superoffice will automatically ask you", "imjvbKlp3Tg-00020-00004800-00004999": "whether you want to create and save the", "imjvbKlp3Tg-00021-00005000-00005270": "next activity in the sales guide this", "imjvbKlp3Tg-00022-00005271-00005470": "way you won't forget to add the next", "imjvbKlp3Tg-00023-00005471-00005695": "activity in your sales process", "imjvbKlp3Tg-00024-00005696-00005927": "to create a new document click on the", "imjvbKlp3Tg-00025-00005928-00006167": "create link in the document column", "imjvbKlp3Tg-00026-00006168-00006367": "select the document template you wish to", "imjvbKlp3Tg-00027-00006368-00006583": "use and click create", "imjvbKlp3Tg-00028-00006584-00006775": "when you've created your document you", "imjvbKlp3Tg-00029-00006776-00006991": "can close it and your document will be", "imjvbKlp3Tg-00030-00006992-00007231": "saved in superoffice in the sales guide", "imjvbKlp3Tg-00031-00007231-00007478": "and the activities tab we have now shown", "imjvbKlp3Tg-00032-00007479-00007759": "you how to use the sales guide", "imjvbKlp3Tg-00033-00007759-00007967": "for more information on how to improve", "imjvbKlp3Tg-00034-00007968-00008207": "your productivity with superoffice crm", "imjvbKlp3Tg-00035-00008208-00008615": "please visit our community website"}}, {"audio_id": "iml8MT1yZ4Y", "text": {"iml8MT1yZ4Y-00000-00000120-00006145": "[Music]", "iml8MT1yZ4Y-00001-00006146-00009348": "[Music]", "iml8MT1yZ4Y-00002-00009349-00009644": "[Applause]", "iml8MT1yZ4Y-00003-00009645-00014188": "[Music]", "iml8MT1yZ4Y-00004-00014188-00016843": "[Music]", "iml8MT1yZ4Y-00005-00016844-00022056": "[Music]"}}, {"audio_id": "imlycJ6a1aI", "text": {"imlycJ6a1aI-00000-00000156-00001282": "foreign", "imlycJ6a1aI-00001-00001283-00004499": "[Music]", "imlycJ6a1aI-00002-00004500-00004735": "foreign", "imlycJ6a1aI-00003-00004736-00004983": "[Music]", "imlycJ6a1aI-00004-00004984-00005301": "[Applause]", "imlycJ6a1aI-00005-00005302-00006731": "[Music]", "imlycJ6a1aI-00006-00006733-00008073": "[Music]", "imlycJ6a1aI-00007-00008075-00008392": "[Music]", "imlycJ6a1aI-00008-00008393-00008709": "foreign", "imlycJ6a1aI-00009-00008710-00009905": "[Music]", "imlycJ6a1aI-00010-00009906-00011969": "[Music]", "imlycJ6a1aI-00011-00011970-00012270": "foreign"}}, {"audio_id": "imoWH4WZhuI", "text": {"imoWH4WZhuI-00000-00000012-00003679": "[Music]", "imoWH4WZhuI-00001-00003679-00003790": "yes", "imoWH4WZhuI-00002-00003790-00004754": "[Music]", "imoWH4WZhuI-00003-00004755-00004832": "[Applause]", "imoWH4WZhuI-00004-00004833-00006533": "[Music]", "imoWH4WZhuI-00005-00006534-00010455": "[Music]", "imoWH4WZhuI-00006-00010456-00010866": "yes", "imoWH4WZhuI-00007-00010867-00016698": "[Music]", "imoWH4WZhuI-00008-00016699-00017230": "[Music]", "imoWH4WZhuI-00009-00017231-00017617": "yes", "imoWH4WZhuI-00010-00017618-00020335": "[Music]", "imoWH4WZhuI-00011-00020336-00020514": "yes", "imoWH4WZhuI-00012-00020515-00026295": "[Music]", "imoWH4WZhuI-00013-00026295-00027551": "do", "imoWH4WZhuI-00014-00027552-00028410": "do", "imoWH4WZhuI-00015-00028411-00031646": "[Music]", "imoWH4WZhuI-00016-00031647-00032677": "so", "imoWH4WZhuI-00017-00032677-00033023": "[Music]", "imoWH4WZhuI-00018-00033024-00033232": "you"}}, {"audio_id": "imxItXzJpdy", "text": {"imxItXzJpdy-00000-00000008-00000238": "malaysian thailand through his years of", "imxItXzJpdy-00001-00000239-00000463": "preaching he has given countless souls", "imxItXzJpdy-00002-00000463-00000782": "practical guidance and deep inspiration", "imxItXzJpdy-00003-00000783-00001087": "taking sannyas in mayapur in 1994 from", "imxItXzJpdy-00004-00001088-00001239": "his learners tamar krishna gosvami", "imxItXzJpdy-00005-00001240-00001487": "maharaja did not mean much of a change", "imxItXzJpdy-00006-00001488-00001687": "in his lifestyle since marriage has", "imxItXzJpdy-00007-00001688-00002014": "always been strict in his sadhna whoever", "imxItXzJpdy-00008-00002016-00002255": "gets to know maharaja admires and", "imxItXzJpdy-00009-00002256-00002463": "respects his sincere and faithful", "imxItXzJpdy-00010-00002464-00002655": "practice of chanting the holy names of", "imxItXzJpdy-00011-00002656-00002958": "the lord he truly walks his talk maharaj", "imxItXzJpdy-00012-00002959-00003158": "has been teaching with the", "imxItXzJpdy-00013-00003159-00003438": "mayapur institute since its inception", "imxItXzJpdy-00014-00003439-00003654": "we'd like to welcome maharashtra to", "imxItXzJpdy-00015-00003655-00003886": "iskcon hyderabad and also especially", "imxItXzJpdy-00016-00003887-00004119": "maharaja said here as a temple president", "imxItXzJpdy-00017-00004120-00004203": "from", "imxItXzJpdy-00018-00004204-00004567": "1981 to 86 in that parent and devotees", "imxItXzJpdy-00019-00004568-00004759": "were telling that", "imxItXzJpdy-00020-00004760-00004895": "very", "imxItXzJpdy-00021-00004896-00005102": "pioneering devotee and making everything", "imxItXzJpdy-00022-00005103-00005311": "happen very nicely like to welcome", "imxItXzJpdy-00023-00005312-00005567": "maharaj to viscon hyderabad by lovely", "imxItXzJpdy-00024-00005568-00006191": "jandy three times horrible", "imxItXzJpdy-00025-00006192-00006406": "all right thank you very much so today", "imxItXzJpdy-00026-00006408-00006514": "we're reading", "imxItXzJpdy-00027-00006515-00007308": "srimad-bhagavatam canto four", "imxItXzJpdy-00028-00007309-00007983": "[Music]", "imxItXzJpdy-00029-00007984-00008295": "we're reading kanto for chapter number", "imxItXzJpdy-00030-00008296-00008678": "18 of 15.", "imxItXzJpdy-00031-00008679-00008839": "19", "imxItXzJpdy-00032-00008840-00009167": "chapter number 19 king preaches 100", "imxItXzJpdy-00033-00009168-00009383": "horse sacrifices", "imxItXzJpdy-00034-00009384-00009559": "text number", "imxItXzJpdy-00035-00009560-00009806": "23", "imxItXzJpdy-00036-00009807-00010952": "no", "imxItXzJpdy-00037-00010953-00011791": "[Music]", "imxItXzJpdy-00038-00011792-00017703": "[Applause]", "imxItXzJpdy-00039-00017704-00018328": "foreign", "imxItXzJpdy-00040-00018329-00018854": "[Music]", "imxItXzJpdy-00041-00018855-00022094": "[Applause]", "imxItXzJpdy-00042-00022095-00022587": "i", "imxItXzJpdy-00043-00022588-00023069": "[Music]", "imxItXzJpdy-00044-00023070-00023230": "[Applause]", "imxItXzJpdy-00045-00023231-00025283": "foreign", "imxItXzJpdy-00046-00025284-00025455": "rupani", "imxItXzJpdy-00047-00025456-00025839": "forms", "imxItXzJpdy-00048-00025839-00026046": "accept it", "imxItXzJpdy-00049-00026047-00026214": "indra", "imxItXzJpdy-00050-00026216-00026462": "the king of heaven", "imxItXzJpdy-00051-00026463-00026631": "hayah", "imxItXzJpdy-00052-00026632-00027079": "the horse to hear shaya", "imxItXzJpdy-00053-00027080-00027455": "with a desire to steal", "imxItXzJpdy-00054-00027456-00027623": "tani", "imxItXzJpdy-00055-00027624-00027799": "all those", "imxItXzJpdy-00056-00027800-00028014": "papa", "imxItXzJpdy-00057-00028016-00028374": "of sinful activities", "imxItXzJpdy-00058-00028375-00028639": "khandani", "imxItXzJpdy-00059-00028639-00028783": "signs", "imxItXzJpdy-00060-00028783-00028967": "lingam", "imxItXzJpdy-00061-00028968-00029167": "the symbol", "imxItXzJpdy-00062-00029168-00029351": "condom", "imxItXzJpdy-00063-00029352-00030679": "the word", "imxItXzJpdy-00064-00030680-00031087": "whatever different forms indra assumed", "imxItXzJpdy-00065-00031088-00031270": "as a mandicant", "imxItXzJpdy-00066-00031272-00031702": "because of its desire to seize the horse", "imxItXzJpdy-00067-00031703-00032270": "were symbols of atheistic philosophy", "imxItXzJpdy-00068-00032272-00032895": "you can repeat whatever different forms", "imxItXzJpdy-00069-00032896-00033383": "indra assumed as a mandicant", "imxItXzJpdy-00070-00033384-00033759": "because of his desire", "imxItXzJpdy-00071-00033760-00034039": "to seize the hearts", "imxItXzJpdy-00072-00034040-00034231": "were symbols", "imxItXzJpdy-00073-00034232-00034727": "of atheistic philosophy", "imxItXzJpdy-00074-00034728-00035102": "purport by shiloh prabhupada", "imxItXzJpdy-00075-00035103-00035439": "according to vedic civilization", "imxItXzJpdy-00076-00035440-00035879": "sanyasa is one of the essential items", "imxItXzJpdy-00077-00035880-00036246": "in the program of the varna ashram", "imxItXzJpdy-00078-00036247-00036462": "institution", "imxItXzJpdy-00079-00036463-00036774": "one should accept sanyas according to", "imxItXzJpdy-00080-00036775-00037215": "the parampara system of the acharyas", "imxItXzJpdy-00081-00037216-00037487": "at the present moment however", "imxItXzJpdy-00082-00037488-00037790": "many so-called sannyasis", "imxItXzJpdy-00083-00037791-00037959": "or mandicans", "imxItXzJpdy-00084-00037960-00038207": "have no understanding of", "imxItXzJpdy-00085-00038208-00038471": "god-consciousness", "imxItXzJpdy-00086-00038472-00038871": "such sanyasa was introduced by indra", "imxItXzJpdy-00087-00038872-00039383": "because of his jealousy of maharaja", "imxItXzJpdy-00088-00039384-00039679": "and what he introduced is again", "imxItXzJpdy-00089-00039680-00040055": "appearing in the age of kali", "imxItXzJpdy-00090-00040056-00040351": "practically none of the sannyasis in", "imxItXzJpdy-00091-00040352-00040727": "this age are bona fide", "imxItXzJpdy-00092-00040728-00041143": "no one can introduce any new system", "imxItXzJpdy-00093-00041144-00041399": "into the vedic way of life", "imxItXzJpdy-00094-00041400-00041751": "if one does so out of malice", "imxItXzJpdy-00095-00041752-00043807": "he is to be known as a pashandi or", "imxItXzJpdy-00096-00043808-00044007": "although it is forbidden", "imxItXzJpdy-00097-00044008-00044343": "there are many pashandis who coined", "imxItXzJpdy-00098-00044344-00044502": "terms like", "imxItXzJpdy-00099-00044503-00044718": "darydra narayan", "imxItXzJpdy-00100-00044719-00045255": "and swami narayan although not even such", "imxItXzJpdy-00101-00045256-00045655": "demigods as brahma and shiva", "imxItXzJpdy-00102-00045656-00046179": "can be equal to narain", "imxItXzJpdy-00103-00046180-00049794": "omaganata maranda", "imxItXzJpdy-00104-00049795-00050789": "[Music]", "imxItXzJpdy-00105-00050790-00051414": "[Music]", "imxItXzJpdy-00106-00051415-00051614": "so this chapter is telling of the", "imxItXzJpdy-00107-00051615-00051823": "encounter between", "imxItXzJpdy-00108-00051824-00052070": "indra and maharaja", "imxItXzJpdy-00109-00052071-00052166": "ii", "imxItXzJpdy-00110-00052167-00052519": "maharaja prito was ruling the earth and", "imxItXzJpdy-00111-00052520-00052926": "he desired to perform ashwameda yagyas", "imxItXzJpdy-00112-00052927-00053454": "and he had performed 99 ashwameda", "imxItXzJpdy-00113-00053455-00053838": "so when he was preparing for the 100th", "imxItXzJpdy-00114-00053839-00053999": "sacrifice", "imxItXzJpdy-00115-00054000-00054382": "at that time lord indra became very", "imxItXzJpdy-00116-00054383-00054494": "worried", "imxItXzJpdy-00117-00054495-00054830": "he became worried about losing his", "imxItXzJpdy-00118-00054832-00055015": "position", "imxItXzJpdy-00119-00055016-00055142": "because", "imxItXzJpdy-00120-00055144-00055438": "somebody can perform 100 ashwamedha", "imxItXzJpdy-00121-00055439-00055575": "yagyas", "imxItXzJpdy-00122-00055576-00055830": "they're considered very qualified they", "imxItXzJpdy-00123-00055832-00056215": "can even become the king of heaven so", "imxItXzJpdy-00124-00056216-00056359": "indra", "imxItXzJpdy-00125-00056360-00056591": "king indra is the king of heaven he's", "imxItXzJpdy-00126-00056591-00056887": "very attached to his position", "imxItXzJpdy-00127-00056888-00057191": "though he did not want that maharaja", "imxItXzJpdy-00128-00057191-00057654": "prietu would perform the 100th aswameda", "imxItXzJpdy-00129-00057655-00057807": "yagya", "imxItXzJpdy-00130-00057808-00058215": "therefore indra used different tricks to", "imxItXzJpdy-00131-00058216-00058463": "try to stop him", "imxItXzJpdy-00132-00058464-00058782": "and one of the tricks which he used was", "imxItXzJpdy-00133-00058783-00059215": "indra put on the dress of a renunciate", "imxItXzJpdy-00134-00059216-00059471": "he disguised himself", "imxItXzJpdy-00135-00059472-00059782": "as a sanyasi", "imxItXzJpdy-00136-00059783-00060150": "so it's mentioned here that whatever", "imxItXzJpdy-00137-00060151-00060254": "different", "imxItXzJpdy-00138-00060255-00060511": "attempts indra made", "imxItXzJpdy-00139-00060512-00060735": "to disguise himself", "imxItXzJpdy-00140-00060736-00060963": "it was a different type of", "imxItXzJpdy-00141-00060964-00061342": "atheistic philosophy", "imxItXzJpdy-00142-00061344-00061435": "now", "imxItXzJpdy-00143-00061436-00061599": "atsanyasi", "imxItXzJpdy-00144-00061600-00061879": "is actually meant to present the", "imxItXzJpdy-00145-00061879-00062199": "principles of religion", "imxItXzJpdy-00146-00062200-00062415": "as srila prabhupada says in the", "imxItXzJpdy-00147-00062416-00062663": "beginning of the purport", "imxItXzJpdy-00148-00062664-00062999": "sanyas is an important part of the", "imxItXzJpdy-00149-00063000-00063350": "system of varna and ashram", "imxItXzJpdy-00150-00063351-00063671": "we know there are four ashrams", "imxItXzJpdy-00151-00063672-00064003": "brahmacharya", "imxItXzJpdy-00152-00064004-00064342": "vanaprastha and sanyasa", "imxItXzJpdy-00153-00064344-00064711": "so there's a progression there", "imxItXzJpdy-00154-00064712-00064826": "generally", "imxItXzJpdy-00155-00064827-00065215": "brahmacharya is student life", "imxItXzJpdy-00156-00065216-00065575": "young people in the beginning of life", "imxItXzJpdy-00157-00065576-00065726": "they will study", "imxItXzJpdy-00158-00065727-00065991": "and they go and live in the ashram of", "imxItXzJpdy-00159-00065992-00066375": "the guru and they will study there", "imxItXzJpdy-00160-00066376-00066687": "and then after their education", "imxItXzJpdy-00161-00066688-00066999": "then they will be told by the guru what", "imxItXzJpdy-00162-00067000-00067103": "to do", "imxItXzJpdy-00163-00067104-00067415": "they may be sent to go and enter into", "imxItXzJpdy-00164-00067416-00067623": "family life", "imxItXzJpdy-00165-00067624-00067919": "so they become most people become gray", "imxItXzJpdy-00166-00067920-00068055": "hastas", "imxItXzJpdy-00167-00068056-00068167": "we see", "imxItXzJpdy-00168-00068168-00068311": "in the world", "imxItXzJpdy-00169-00068312-00068575": "that that most people are married they", "imxItXzJpdy-00170-00068576-00068799": "may not actually be grey hastas they're", "imxItXzJpdy-00171-00068800-00069126": "more graham madeis than grey hustlers", "imxItXzJpdy-00172-00069127-00069287": "in other words they're more on the", "imxItXzJpdy-00173-00069288-00069503": "material platform", "imxItXzJpdy-00174-00069504-00069767": "and their business is just simply sense", "imxItXzJpdy-00175-00069768-00069991": "gratification", "imxItXzJpdy-00176-00069992-00070326": "but those who are spiritually inclined", "imxItXzJpdy-00177-00070327-00070526": "and who are faithful to the vedic", "imxItXzJpdy-00178-00070527-00070655": "culture", "imxItXzJpdy-00179-00070656-00070935": "they will be grahastas", "imxItXzJpdy-00180-00070936-00071167": "and they will live with their family", "imxItXzJpdy-00181-00071168-00071359": "for the sake of", "imxItXzJpdy-00182-00071360-00071671": "making spiritual advancement", "imxItXzJpdy-00183-00071672-00071967": "so that is there you have to understand", "imxItXzJpdy-00184-00071968-00072159": "there are two kinds of", "imxItXzJpdy-00185-00072160-00072479": "householders one is in the material", "imxItXzJpdy-00186-00072480-00072631": "platform", "imxItXzJpdy-00187-00072632-00072911": "the graham media their business is just", "imxItXzJpdy-00188-00072912-00073206": "simply envy of others", "imxItXzJpdy-00189-00073207-00073487": "and their business is just simply", "imxItXzJpdy-00190-00073488-00073743": "sense gratification", "imxItXzJpdy-00191-00073744-00074038": "they accept a wife they ex they have", "imxItXzJpdy-00192-00074039-00074423": "children but it's all for their sense", "imxItXzJpdy-00193-00074424-00074615": "gratification", "imxItXzJpdy-00194-00074616-00075071": "not for their spiritual purification", "imxItXzJpdy-00195-00075072-00075411": "actually family life is meant for", "imxItXzJpdy-00196-00075412-00075575": "purification", "imxItXzJpdy-00197-00075576-00075823": "it's meant for helping a person to", "imxItXzJpdy-00198-00075824-00076103": "progress to a higher level of", "imxItXzJpdy-00199-00076104-00076343": "consciousness", "imxItXzJpdy-00200-00076344-00076591": "and one should then go on from the", "imxItXzJpdy-00201-00076592-00076903": "greyhouse to life one should then enter", "imxItXzJpdy-00202-00076904-00077111": "into the vanaprastha", "imxItXzJpdy-00203-00077112-00077350": "a retired life", "imxItXzJpdy-00204-00077351-00077582": "from married life then", "imxItXzJpdy-00205-00077583-00077919": "after married life one should retire", "imxItXzJpdy-00206-00077920-00078215": "this is called vanaprastha now the", "imxItXzJpdy-00207-00078216-00078382": "scriptures say", "imxItXzJpdy-00208-00078383-00078719": "pancha sword vam", "imxItXzJpdy-00209-00078720-00079103": "from the age of 50 one should enter into", "imxItXzJpdy-00210-00079104-00079279": "the retired", "imxItXzJpdy-00211-00079280-00079694": "ashram the retired devanaprastha", "imxItXzJpdy-00212-00079695-00079967": "ideally should go to the forest", "imxItXzJpdy-00213-00079968-00080191": "but in the kali yuga", "imxItXzJpdy-00214-00080192-00080567": "in this age to go to the forest is not", "imxItXzJpdy-00215-00080568-00080823": "possible", "imxItXzJpdy-00216-00080824-00081175": "practically we see forests are destroyed", "imxItXzJpdy-00217-00081176-00081382": "we've all we've knocked down all the", "imxItXzJpdy-00218-00081383-00081494": "forest", "imxItXzJpdy-00219-00081495-00081671": "so where to go", "imxItXzJpdy-00220-00081672-00082006": "we actually what you should do to retire", "imxItXzJpdy-00221-00082007-00082247": "you should go to the holy dome", "imxItXzJpdy-00222-00082248-00082518": "and you should go to the the temples", "imxItXzJpdy-00223-00082519-00082855": "like vrindavan and mayapur", "imxItXzJpdy-00224-00082856-00083118": "or at least you should take shelter of", "imxItXzJpdy-00225-00083119-00083350": "the iskcon society", "imxItXzJpdy-00226-00083351-00083526": "and you should come to the iskcon", "imxItXzJpdy-00227-00083527-00083887": "society and you should render voluntary", "imxItXzJpdy-00228-00083888-00084079": "service", "imxItXzJpdy-00229-00084080-00084375": "voluntary service means you don't get a", "imxItXzJpdy-00230-00084376-00084679": "salary you don't get paid but you come", "imxItXzJpdy-00231-00084680-00084982": "and do service you help in the temple", "imxItXzJpdy-00232-00084983-00085311": "and live here and take part in chanting", "imxItXzJpdy-00233-00085312-00085479": "and so on", "imxItXzJpdy-00234-00085480-00085791": "like that that is vanaprastha", "imxItXzJpdy-00235-00085792-00086103": "and then those who are more qualified", "imxItXzJpdy-00236-00086104-00086431": "they go on to sanyas", "imxItXzJpdy-00237-00086432-00086711": "actually family life is meant to be", "imxItXzJpdy-00238-00086712-00087006": "progressive that after being in family", "imxItXzJpdy-00239-00087007-00087303": "life then you move into the vanaprastha", "imxItXzJpdy-00240-00087304-00087694": "ashram retired life and then after", "imxItXzJpdy-00241-00087695-00088015": "some period of retirement then the", "imxItXzJpdy-00242-00088016-00088255": "person who's qualified and who's", "imxItXzJpdy-00243-00088256-00088703": "desirous can also become a sannyasi", "imxItXzJpdy-00244-00088704-00088967": "now in the kali yuga", "imxItXzJpdy-00245-00088968-00089118": "it's", "imxItXzJpdy-00246-00089119-00089503": "difficult for people to take sannyas", "imxItXzJpdy-00247-00089504-00089862": "actually the real purpose of sanyas", "imxItXzJpdy-00248-00089863-00090175": "is to completely detach oneself from the", "imxItXzJpdy-00249-00090176-00090455": "material world", "imxItXzJpdy-00250-00090456-00090543": "but", "imxItXzJpdy-00251-00090544-00090743": "the the sannyas", "imxItXzJpdy-00252-00090744-00091006": "nowadays in the kali yuga", "imxItXzJpdy-00253-00091007-00091238": "the sanyas is awarded", "imxItXzJpdy-00254-00091239-00091335": "with", "imxItXzJpdy-00255-00091336-00091623": "with the ideal that the the person will", "imxItXzJpdy-00256-00091624-00091759": "propagate", "imxItXzJpdy-00257-00091760-00092071": "religious principles everywhere and he", "imxItXzJpdy-00258-00092072-00092350": "will make propaganda", "imxItXzJpdy-00259-00092351-00092735": "to others to instill with them the need", "imxItXzJpdy-00260-00092736-00092943": "of spiritual life", "imxItXzJpdy-00261-00092944-00093255": "he'll go everywhere traveling and", "imxItXzJpdy-00262-00093256-00093399": "preaching", "imxItXzJpdy-00263-00093400-00093599": "giving discourses", "imxItXzJpdy-00264-00093600-00093882": "and holding programs and", "imxItXzJpdy-00265-00093883-00094182": "festivals just like our own spiritual", "imxItXzJpdy-00266-00094183-00094479": "master srila prabhupada", "imxItXzJpdy-00267-00094480-00094799": "he was a he was in family life", "imxItXzJpdy-00268-00094800-00095143": "and he had his wife he had five children", "imxItXzJpdy-00269-00095144-00095518": "and then at a certain point he retired", "imxItXzJpdy-00270-00095519-00095799": "from that family life and he went to", "imxItXzJpdy-00271-00095800-00095991": "live in vrndavan", "imxItXzJpdy-00272-00095992-00096271": "and he was living in vrindavan", "imxItXzJpdy-00273-00096272-00096638": "and he was doing some writing work", "imxItXzJpdy-00274-00096639-00097023": "and he was writing articles and he was", "imxItXzJpdy-00275-00097024-00097350": "thinking about how he could propagate", "imxItXzJpdy-00276-00097351-00097631": "krishna consciousness", "imxItXzJpdy-00277-00097632-00098015": "because he would he was initiated", "imxItXzJpdy-00278-00098016-00098094": "by", "imxItXzJpdy-00279-00098095-00098374": "sadanta sarasati prabhat", "imxItXzJpdy-00280-00098375-00098599": "and he had the order from bhakti", "imxItXzJpdy-00281-00098600-00098903": "siddhanta saraswati prabhupada that he", "imxItXzJpdy-00282-00098904-00099182": "should try to teach whatever he had", "imxItXzJpdy-00283-00099183-00099438": "learned you should try to teach it to", "imxItXzJpdy-00284-00099439-00099567": "others", "imxItXzJpdy-00285-00099568-00099894": "so this is the principle of krishna", "imxItXzJpdy-00286-00099895-00100062": "consciousness", "imxItXzJpdy-00287-00100063-00100143": "so", "imxItXzJpdy-00288-00100144-00100343": "srila prabhupada", "imxItXzJpdy-00289-00100344-00100679": "then understood that it was necessary", "imxItXzJpdy-00290-00100680-00100799": "for him", "imxItXzJpdy-00291-00100800-00101079": "that to fully dedicate himself to the", "imxItXzJpdy-00292-00101080-00101518": "preaching work he had to accept sanyasa", "imxItXzJpdy-00293-00101519-00101847": "the renounced order of life", "imxItXzJpdy-00294-00101848-00102055": "now as vanaprastha", "imxItXzJpdy-00295-00102056-00102335": "you can still keep connection with your", "imxItXzJpdy-00296-00102336-00102478": "wife", "imxItXzJpdy-00297-00102479-00102775": "you can still be at home even you can", "imxItXzJpdy-00298-00102776-00103039": "live at home with your wife but there's", "imxItXzJpdy-00299-00103040-00103142": "no", "imxItXzJpdy-00300-00103143-00103375": "question of any uh", "imxItXzJpdy-00301-00103376-00103623": "connection you've already", "imxItXzJpdy-00302-00103624-00103942": "you're already into old age", "imxItXzJpdy-00303-00103943-00104071": "so you're", "imxItXzJpdy-00304-00104072-00104263": "you have you're not thinking of having", "imxItXzJpdy-00305-00104264-00104590": "more children and you're not you're not", "imxItXzJpdy-00306-00104591-00104847": "earning you should give up your job if", "imxItXzJpdy-00307-00104848-00105151": "you're working or you have a business", "imxItXzJpdy-00308-00105152-00105383": "you give that up either you give it to", "imxItXzJpdy-00309-00105383-00105678": "your children or you just give it up", "imxItXzJpdy-00310-00105679-00105902": "and you take up full-time", "imxItXzJpdy-00311-00105903-00106158": "spiritual activities", "imxItXzJpdy-00312-00106159-00106375": "but with sannyas", "imxItXzJpdy-00313-00106376-00106654": "you have to go out from the home", "imxItXzJpdy-00314-00106655-00106878": "you have to leave the house", "imxItXzJpdy-00315-00106879-00107247": "and you don't see the wife anymore", "imxItXzJpdy-00316-00107248-00107399": "you leave", "imxItXzJpdy-00317-00107400-00107615": "and you go out and", "imxItXzJpdy-00318-00107616-00107902": "you should go away from the home and", "imxItXzJpdy-00319-00107903-00108199": "travel and preach and distribute the", "imxItXzJpdy-00320-00108200-00108639": "message of krishna consciousness", "imxItXzJpdy-00321-00108640-00108854": "we should understand", "imxItXzJpdy-00322-00108855-00109151": "that this is an important part of the", "imxItXzJpdy-00323-00109152-00109366": "vedic society", "imxItXzJpdy-00324-00109367-00109534": "we need", "imxItXzJpdy-00325-00109535-00109831": "sanyasis there should be this class of", "imxItXzJpdy-00326-00109832-00109934": "people", "imxItXzJpdy-00327-00109935-00110023": "but", "imxItXzJpdy-00328-00110024-00110343": "they should be properly qualified", "imxItXzJpdy-00329-00110344-00110678": "they should be properly educated", "imxItXzJpdy-00330-00110679-00110863": "in the scriptures", "imxItXzJpdy-00331-00110864-00111095": "and they should be able to present the", "imxItXzJpdy-00332-00111096-00111415": "philosophy of krishna consciousness to", "imxItXzJpdy-00333-00111416-00111647": "others", "imxItXzJpdy-00334-00111648-00111951": "probably probably comments here in this", "imxItXzJpdy-00335-00111952-00112310": "purport how often in the kali yuga in", "imxItXzJpdy-00336-00112311-00112478": "this age", "imxItXzJpdy-00337-00112479-00112966": "many sannyasis have no god consciousness", "imxItXzJpdy-00338-00112967-00113327": "they're actually even atheistic", "imxItXzJpdy-00339-00113328-00113586": "and they present all kinds of bogus", "imxItXzJpdy-00340-00113588-00113783": "philosophies", "imxItXzJpdy-00341-00113783-00114134": "so that is very harmful", "imxItXzJpdy-00342-00114135-00114383": "the position of sanyas", "imxItXzJpdy-00343-00114383-00114690": "is meant for people to propagate", "imxItXzJpdy-00344-00114691-00114871": "god-consciousness", "imxItXzJpdy-00345-00114872-00114951": "but", "imxItXzJpdy-00346-00114952-00115223": "there are many people who are in the", "imxItXzJpdy-00347-00115224-00115447": "dress of sanyas", "imxItXzJpdy-00348-00115448-00115719": "but they have no god consciousness", "imxItXzJpdy-00349-00115720-00116023": "they have no understanding of god", "imxItXzJpdy-00350-00116024-00116295": "and they will present all kinds of bogus", "imxItXzJpdy-00351-00116296-00116566": "atheistic philosophies", "imxItXzJpdy-00352-00116567-00116823": "they will say things like", "imxItXzJpdy-00353-00116824-00117134": "work is worship", "imxItXzJpdy-00354-00117135-00117302": "that is not", "imxItXzJpdy-00355-00117303-00117534": "a scriptural statement", "imxItXzJpdy-00356-00117535-00117871": "krishna never says anywhere that work is", "imxItXzJpdy-00357-00117872-00118110": "worship", "imxItXzJpdy-00358-00118111-00118423": "but if you give the results of your work", "imxItXzJpdy-00359-00118424-00118758": "then you can worship krishna", "imxItXzJpdy-00360-00118759-00119678": "but it's not that simply work", "imxItXzJpdy-00361-00119679-00119758": "no", "imxItXzJpdy-00362-00119759-00120102": "work is not worship", "imxItXzJpdy-00363-00120103-00120423": "worship is here in the temple that is", "imxItXzJpdy-00364-00120424-00120702": "worship", "imxItXzJpdy-00365-00120703-00120999": "and performing your duty and giving the", "imxItXzJpdy-00366-00121000-00121207": "results of your work", "imxItXzJpdy-00367-00121208-00121447": "for the pleasure of the lord", "imxItXzJpdy-00368-00121448-00121654": "that can be worship", "imxItXzJpdy-00369-00121655-00121958": "but it's not just anybody can work and", "imxItXzJpdy-00370-00121959-00122247": "by doing work you're worshiping this a", "imxItXzJpdy-00371-00122248-00122607": "bogus atheistic philosophy", "imxItXzJpdy-00372-00122608-00122871": "then there is another bogus philosophy", "imxItXzJpdy-00373-00122872-00123078": "which the people say", "imxItXzJpdy-00374-00123079-00123283": "that", "imxItXzJpdy-00375-00123283-00123502": "uh service", "imxItXzJpdy-00376-00123503-00123934": "service to god is service to man", "imxItXzJpdy-00377-00123935-00124319": "that by serving man you're serving god", "imxItXzJpdy-00378-00124320-00124454": "and they say", "imxItXzJpdy-00379-00124455-00124566": "that", "imxItXzJpdy-00380-00124567-00124878": "we we should we should simply feed the", "imxItXzJpdy-00381-00124879-00125014": "poor", "imxItXzJpdy-00382-00125015-00125190": "and", "imxItXzJpdy-00383-00125191-00125271": "well", "imxItXzJpdy-00384-00125272-00125631": "that's that's not spiritual", "imxItXzJpdy-00385-00125632-00125966": "if we just simply do welfare work just", "imxItXzJpdy-00386-00125967-00126271": "simply feed the poor people all right", "imxItXzJpdy-00387-00126272-00126527": "there's a need to feed the poor people", "imxItXzJpdy-00388-00126528-00126702": "but that is not", "imxItXzJpdy-00389-00126703-00126847": "spiritual", "imxItXzJpdy-00390-00126848-00127302": "that is a materialistic social activity", "imxItXzJpdy-00391-00127303-00127471": "that's the business", "imxItXzJpdy-00392-00127472-00127727": "of governments and so on to arrange like", "imxItXzJpdy-00393-00127728-00128047": "that that poor people should be fed but", "imxItXzJpdy-00394-00128048-00128439": "that's not the business of a sannyasi", "imxItXzJpdy-00395-00128440-00128790": "the business of a sanyasi is to deliver", "imxItXzJpdy-00396-00128791-00129071": "the message of god consciousness", "imxItXzJpdy-00397-00129072-00129351": "and to teach people", "imxItXzJpdy-00398-00129352-00129710": "what is the real goal of life", "imxItXzJpdy-00399-00129711-00130047": "and it's not enough to just simply feed", "imxItXzJpdy-00400-00130048-00130183": "poor people", "imxItXzJpdy-00401-00130183-00130590": "that is simply materialistic activity", "imxItXzJpdy-00402-00130591-00131127": "it is not on the spiritual platform", "imxItXzJpdy-00403-00131128-00131407": "we may be distributing just like we do", "imxItXzJpdy-00404-00131408-00131599": "programs we have sometimes a thing", "imxItXzJpdy-00405-00131600-00131702": "called", "imxItXzJpdy-00406-00131703-00131871": "food for life", "imxItXzJpdy-00407-00131872-00132135": "and we distribute prasada", "imxItXzJpdy-00408-00132136-00132463": "just like at rathyatra and maybe even", "imxItXzJpdy-00409-00132464-00132790": "yesterday with radhastami we distribute", "imxItXzJpdy-00410-00132791-00132919": "prasada", "imxItXzJpdy-00411-00132920-00133214": "that's all right we distribute presado", "imxItXzJpdy-00412-00133215-00133495": "but we don't make a point of just going", "imxItXzJpdy-00413-00133496-00133871": "to the poor people to give food", "imxItXzJpdy-00414-00133872-00134295": "the the wealthy people also need presado", "imxItXzJpdy-00415-00134296-00134566": "the wealthy people also need krsna's", "imxItXzJpdy-00416-00134567-00134678": "mercy", "imxItXzJpdy-00417-00134679-00134983": "it's not only the poor people who are in", "imxItXzJpdy-00418-00134984-00135359": "need of mercy everyone needs krsna's", "imxItXzJpdy-00419-00135360-00135590": "mercy", "imxItXzJpdy-00420-00135591-00135823": "we need to go everywhere and give", "imxItXzJpdy-00421-00135824-00136054": "everyone presado", "imxItXzJpdy-00422-00136055-00136302": "and try to awaken them to god", "imxItXzJpdy-00423-00136303-00136502": "consciousness", "imxItXzJpdy-00424-00136503-00136871": "so we want you to understand that", "imxItXzJpdy-00425-00136872-00136990": "today", "imxItXzJpdy-00426-00136991-00137287": "there are many", "imxItXzJpdy-00427-00137288-00137643": "common philosophies which are simply", "imxItXzJpdy-00428-00137644-00137799": "atheistic", "imxItXzJpdy-00429-00137800-00138078": "which they're against the teachings of", "imxItXzJpdy-00430-00138079-00138519": "scripture and they don't recognize god", "imxItXzJpdy-00431-00138520-00138971": "it's the business of sannyasis to preach", "imxItXzJpdy-00432-00138972-00139166": "sanatandarm", "imxItXzJpdy-00433-00139167-00139407": "not to just simply open a", "imxItXzJpdy-00434-00139408-00139687": "open a kitchen and feed the poor", "imxItXzJpdy-00435-00139688-00139983": "it's not the business of a sannyasi to", "imxItXzJpdy-00436-00139984-00140287": "simply open a mundane school and provide", "imxItXzJpdy-00437-00140288-00140614": "mundane education for children", "imxItXzJpdy-00438-00140615-00140951": "it's not the business of a sannyasi to", "imxItXzJpdy-00439-00140952-00141190": "arrange marriages for the young girls", "imxItXzJpdy-00440-00141191-00141407": "who have no husband", "imxItXzJpdy-00441-00141408-00141663": "this is not the business of sannyasi", "imxItXzJpdy-00442-00141664-00142047": "sanyasi's business is to preach and to", "imxItXzJpdy-00443-00142048-00142359": "enlighten people about the goal of life", "imxItXzJpdy-00444-00142360-00142614": "the purpose of life", "imxItXzJpdy-00445-00142615-00142990": "and if we don't do that if we compromise", "imxItXzJpdy-00446-00142991-00143359": "and take up welfare activities", "imxItXzJpdy-00447-00143360-00143678": "then the whole position of sanyas is", "imxItXzJpdy-00448-00143679-00144014": "has no more meaning practically", "imxItXzJpdy-00449-00144015-00144295": "it becomes meaningless", "imxItXzJpdy-00450-00144296-00144623": "so it it's very unfortunate that in the", "imxItXzJpdy-00451-00144624-00145014": "kali yuga in this so time these at the", "imxItXzJpdy-00452-00145015-00145326": "times that we are in today that there is", "imxItXzJpdy-00453-00145327-00145726": "a lot of atheistic philosophy", "imxItXzJpdy-00454-00145727-00146135": "but it's in the guise of religion", "imxItXzJpdy-00455-00146136-00146319": "just like indra", "imxItXzJpdy-00456-00146320-00146687": "he disguised himself as a sanyasi", "imxItXzJpdy-00457-00146688-00146983": "sanyasi is meant to be renounced they're", "imxItXzJpdy-00458-00146984-00147271": "meant to be spiritual people and they're", "imxItXzJpdy-00459-00147272-00147439": "meant to teach the", "imxItXzJpdy-00460-00147440-00147726": "the spiritual values", "imxItXzJpdy-00461-00147727-00148135": "indra put on the dress of a sannyasi but", "imxItXzJpdy-00462-00148136-00148423": "he did not have the intention", "imxItXzJpdy-00463-00148424-00148575": "of a sanya", "imxItXzJpdy-00464-00148576-00148926": "rather his intention was simply to steal", "imxItXzJpdy-00465-00148927-00149054": "the horse", "imxItXzJpdy-00466-00149055-00149295": "which maharaja prietu was going to", "imxItXzJpdy-00467-00149296-00149478": "sacrifice", "imxItXzJpdy-00468-00149479-00149623": "so that was", "imxItXzJpdy-00469-00149624-00149959": "very shameful of indra to do such a", "imxItXzJpdy-00470-00149960-00150087": "thing", "imxItXzJpdy-00471-00150088-00150190": "to", "imxItXzJpdy-00472-00150191-00150599": "to degrade the position of the sanyasi", "imxItXzJpdy-00473-00150600-00150854": "the sannyasis are the head", "imxItXzJpdy-00474-00150855-00151095": "of the social body", "imxItXzJpdy-00475-00151096-00151302": "they're meant to be the spiritual", "imxItXzJpdy-00476-00151303-00151454": "authorities", "imxItXzJpdy-00477-00151455-00151654": "but we see today", "imxItXzJpdy-00478-00151655-00152031": "in the in the dress of sanyasis people", "imxItXzJpdy-00479-00152032-00152343": "are doing they're engaging in sinful", "imxItXzJpdy-00480-00152344-00152511": "activities", "imxItXzJpdy-00481-00152512-00152839": "they will eat everything", "imxItXzJpdy-00482-00152840-00153207": "they eat meat they eat fish", "imxItXzJpdy-00483-00153208-00153414": "they keep pigs", "imxItXzJpdy-00484-00153415-00153639": "they keep chickens", "imxItXzJpdy-00485-00153640-00153895": "and you can go there's there's ashrams", "imxItXzJpdy-00486-00153896-00154214": "like that they have a pig farm they have", "imxItXzJpdy-00487-00154215-00154390": "chicken farm", "imxItXzJpdy-00488-00154391-00154678": "they're eating everything", "imxItXzJpdy-00489-00154679-00154887": "and they're and at the same time they", "imxItXzJpdy-00490-00154888-00155159": "claim they're sannyasis", "imxItXzJpdy-00491-00155160-00155535": "it's ludicrous it's ridiculous", "imxItXzJpdy-00492-00155536-00155790": "the business of the sanyas is to", "imxItXzJpdy-00493-00155791-00155926": "propagate", "imxItXzJpdy-00494-00155927-00156111": "the highest knowledge", "imxItXzJpdy-00495-00156112-00156495": "to deliver people from birth and death", "imxItXzJpdy-00496-00156496-00156783": "not to encourage them in their sinful", "imxItXzJpdy-00497-00156784-00157119": "activities", "imxItXzJpdy-00498-00157120-00157663": "so there is a need for genuine sannyasis", "imxItXzJpdy-00499-00157664-00158023": "a krishna conscious society tries to", "imxItXzJpdy-00500-00158024-00158207": "provide that", "imxItXzJpdy-00501-00158208-00158526": "but it's difficult srila in srila", "imxItXzJpdy-00502-00158527-00158847": "prabhupada's time srila prabhupada", "imxItXzJpdy-00503-00158848-00159295": "initiated young men as sannyasis he gave", "imxItXzJpdy-00504-00159296-00159583": "them the chance that they could do some", "imxItXzJpdy-00505-00159584-00159895": "service for krishna and they did some", "imxItXzJpdy-00506-00159896-00160031": "service", "imxItXzJpdy-00507-00160032-00160366": "but they found it very difficult to", "imxItXzJpdy-00508-00160367-00160566": "maintain", "imxItXzJpdy-00509-00160567-00160790": "so this is a problem", "imxItXzJpdy-00510-00160791-00161095": "that sometimes people find it difficult", "imxItXzJpdy-00511-00161096-00161399": "to maintain their vows", "imxItXzJpdy-00512-00161400-00161654": "just like in our krishna consciousness", "imxItXzJpdy-00513-00161655-00161775": "movement", "imxItXzJpdy-00514-00161776-00162239": "we have dikshia we give initiation", "imxItXzJpdy-00515-00162240-00162599": "and at the time of initiation people", "imxItXzJpdy-00516-00162600-00162990": "promise to follow four principles", "imxItXzJpdy-00517-00162991-00163343": "no meat fish and eggs no intoxication no", "imxItXzJpdy-00518-00163344-00163743": "gambling no illicit sex and every day", "imxItXzJpdy-00519-00163744-00164054": "chanting 16 rounds so at the time of", "imxItXzJpdy-00520-00164055-00164414": "initiation people make these vows", "imxItXzJpdy-00521-00164415-00164638": "but often", "imxItXzJpdy-00522-00164639-00164887": "after some time people can keep up the", "imxItXzJpdy-00523-00164888-00165007": "vow", "imxItXzJpdy-00524-00165008-00165207": "and they break the vows they're not able", "imxItXzJpdy-00525-00165208-00165351": "to follow", "imxItXzJpdy-00526-00165352-00165599": "at one point they were very serious and", "imxItXzJpdy-00527-00165600-00165751": "very committed", "imxItXzJpdy-00528-00165752-00166023": "no i want to do this i'm going to do it", "imxItXzJpdy-00529-00166024-00166335": "but sometimes after some time", "imxItXzJpdy-00530-00166336-00166495": "they go away", "imxItXzJpdy-00531-00166496-00166775": "they live up they give a drift away from", "imxItXzJpdy-00532-00166776-00167126": "krishna consciousness", "imxItXzJpdy-00533-00167127-00167351": "so this is a problem", "imxItXzJpdy-00534-00167352-00167623": "this is a pro it's like that here in", "imxItXzJpdy-00535-00167624-00167926": "india and it's even more common outside", "imxItXzJpdy-00536-00167927-00168175": "of india", "imxItXzJpdy-00537-00168176-00168238": "we", "imxItXzJpdy-00538-00168239-00168471": "encourage people to come to krishna", "imxItXzJpdy-00539-00168472-00168743": "consciousness and they they're at one", "imxItXzJpdy-00540-00168744-00168959": "point they're very enthused", "imxItXzJpdy-00541-00168960-00169287": "but somehow after some time they lose", "imxItXzJpdy-00542-00169288-00169502": "their enthusiasm", "imxItXzJpdy-00543-00169503-00169743": "and they're not able to keep up the", "imxItXzJpdy-00544-00169744-00170078": "standards", "imxItXzJpdy-00545-00170079-00170254": "there was one young man he was", "imxItXzJpdy-00546-00170255-00170543": "approaching his guru and he wanted to", "imxItXzJpdy-00547-00170544-00170919": "take the vows of renunciation", "imxItXzJpdy-00548-00170920-00171263": "so guru said to him he said he said now", "imxItXzJpdy-00549-00171264-00171502": "you want to renounce but he said in", "imxItXzJpdy-00550-00171503-00171814": "another 20 years will you still want to", "imxItXzJpdy-00551-00171815-00171975": "renounce", "imxItXzJpdy-00552-00171976-00172271": "he was a young man", "imxItXzJpdy-00553-00172272-00172607": "the young man had to consider", "imxItXzJpdy-00554-00172608-00172807": "he didn't think about it", "imxItXzJpdy-00555-00172808-00173214": "where will i be in another 20 years", "imxItXzJpdy-00556-00173215-00173399": "no", "imxItXzJpdy-00557-00173400-00173854": "generally sanyas is not for young men", "imxItXzJpdy-00558-00173855-00174119": "within our own krishna consciousness", "imxItXzJpdy-00559-00174120-00174371": "movement there are some rules and", "imxItXzJpdy-00560-00174372-00174678": "regulations now about who could take", "imxItXzJpdy-00561-00174679-00174814": "sannyas", "imxItXzJpdy-00562-00174815-00175078": "in srila prabhupada's time srila", "imxItXzJpdy-00563-00175079-00175502": "prabhupada gave sannyas to young people", "imxItXzJpdy-00564-00175503-00175854": "he gave them the chance to be sannyasis", "imxItXzJpdy-00565-00175855-00176166": "he knew it would be difficult for them", "imxItXzJpdy-00566-00176167-00176431": "but there was a need for", "imxItXzJpdy-00567-00176432-00176647": "spiritual leaders", "imxItXzJpdy-00568-00176648-00176919": "and so shiloh prabhupada gave some", "imxItXzJpdy-00569-00176920-00177199": "people the chance that they could take", "imxItXzJpdy-00570-00177200-00177583": "the position and they could be sannyasis", "imxItXzJpdy-00571-00177584-00177863": "not many survived", "imxItXzJpdy-00572-00177864-00178263": "but srila prabhupada took that risk", "imxItXzJpdy-00573-00178264-00178454": "just like one time", "imxItXzJpdy-00574-00178455-00178790": "it was in the year 1976", "imxItXzJpdy-00575-00178791-00179102": "srila prabhupada was in mayapur", "imxItXzJpdy-00576-00179103-00179199": "and", "imxItXzJpdy-00577-00179200-00179423": "people had come for the gor purnima", "imxItXzJpdy-00578-00179424-00179566": "festival", "imxItXzJpdy-00579-00179567-00179878": "and srila prabhupada awarded sanyas", "imxItXzJpdy-00580-00179879-00180135": "to six or seven young men", "imxItXzJpdy-00581-00180136-00180235": "all", "imxItXzJpdy-00582-00180236-00180431": "western-bodied", "imxItXzJpdy-00583-00180432-00180663": "somewhere from south america", "imxItXzJpdy-00584-00180664-00180975": "and anyway he awarded them sanyas so one", "imxItXzJpdy-00585-00180976-00181263": "of prabhupada's friends was there", "imxItXzJpdy-00586-00181264-00181543": "an elderly man prabhupada one of his", "imxItXzJpdy-00587-00181544-00181814": "friends so his prabhupada's friend said", "imxItXzJpdy-00588-00181815-00182063": "to him he said he said prabhupada", "imxItXzJpdy-00589-00182064-00182359": "they're all very young", "imxItXzJpdy-00590-00182360-00182647": "and prabhupad said yes but he said if we", "imxItXzJpdy-00591-00182648-00183199": "wait till they're old what can they do", "imxItXzJpdy-00592-00183200-00183302": "right", "imxItXzJpdy-00593-00183303-00183566": "because your old man when you get old", "imxItXzJpdy-00594-00183567-00183854": "what can you do you're not so able to do", "imxItXzJpdy-00595-00183855-00184047": "very much", "imxItXzJpdy-00596-00184048-00184263": "so this was prabhupada's reasoning", "imxItXzJpdy-00597-00184264-00184414": "anyway", "imxItXzJpdy-00598-00184415-00184711": "at the same time prabhupada knew it", "imxItXzJpdy-00599-00184712-00184975": "would be very difficult for them to keep", "imxItXzJpdy-00600-00184976-00185102": "the vows", "imxItXzJpdy-00601-00185103-00185447": "of sannyas", "imxItXzJpdy-00602-00185448-00185631": "and prabhupad himself", "imxItXzJpdy-00603-00185632-00185926": "took sannyas when he was", "imxItXzJpdy-00604-00185927-00186207": "well he was maybe 60 when he took", "imxItXzJpdy-00605-00186208-00186447": "sennyas", "imxItXzJpdy-00606-00186448-00186623": "he was not young", "imxItXzJpdy-00607-00186624-00186831": "but he took", "imxItXzJpdy-00608-00186832-00187278": "and he he also said it is painstaking", "imxItXzJpdy-00609-00187279-00187687": "it's difficult it's not so easy thing", "imxItXzJpdy-00610-00187688-00187983": "because he had his family and he left", "imxItXzJpdy-00611-00187984-00188214": "the family gone away from them", "imxItXzJpdy-00612-00188215-00188423": "living alone", "imxItXzJpdy-00613-00188424-00188711": "and so not very easy and then actually", "imxItXzJpdy-00614-00188712-00189047": "aft not shortly after he took sannyas", "imxItXzJpdy-00615-00189048-00189359": "srila prabhupada was in the vrndavan and", "imxItXzJpdy-00616-00189360-00189678": "he was gored by a bull", "imxItXzJpdy-00617-00189679-00189902": "so he was his health was", "imxItXzJpdy-00618-00189903-00190159": "seriously injured", "imxItXzJpdy-00619-00190160-00190431": "so he was really put to task", "imxItXzJpdy-00620-00190432-00190647": "now sometimes it when you get like that", "imxItXzJpdy-00621-00190648-00190950": "you think oh maybe i'll go home", "imxItXzJpdy-00622-00190951-00191247": "my family will take care of me", "imxItXzJpdy-00623-00191248-00191559": "but anyway srila prabhupad maintained he", "imxItXzJpdy-00624-00191560-00191807": "didn't go home he stayed", "imxItXzJpdy-00625-00191808-00192063": "and he went on and he went to america", "imxItXzJpdy-00626-00192064-00192319": "and he began the krishna consciousness", "imxItXzJpdy-00627-00192320-00192511": "movement", "imxItXzJpdy-00628-00192512-00192654": "so in this way", "imxItXzJpdy-00629-00192655-00193135": "he showed the real glory of sanyas", "imxItXzJpdy-00630-00193136-00193407": "that the business of sanyasi is to go", "imxItXzJpdy-00631-00193408-00193535": "everywhere", "imxItXzJpdy-00632-00193536-00193863": "not just simply where there will be nice", "imxItXzJpdy-00633-00193864-00194126": "prasadam where there will be a nice room", "imxItXzJpdy-00634-00194127-00194238": "to stay", "imxItXzJpdy-00635-00194239-00194526": "where everything will be comfortable", "imxItXzJpdy-00636-00194527-00194735": "but there's a need to go", "imxItXzJpdy-00637-00194736-00195023": "places where there's no krishna", "imxItXzJpdy-00638-00195024-00195175": "consciousness", "imxItXzJpdy-00639-00195176-00195511": "and srila prabhupada did that he went to", "imxItXzJpdy-00640-00195512-00195823": "america there were no temples there was", "imxItXzJpdy-00641-00195824-00196143": "no krishna consciousness he went there", "imxItXzJpdy-00642-00196144-00196607": "and he introduced it to them", "imxItXzJpdy-00643-00196608-00196847": "so that is the real business of the", "imxItXzJpdy-00644-00196848-00197007": "sanyasi", "imxItXzJpdy-00645-00197008-00197111": "to go", "imxItXzJpdy-00646-00197112-00197431": "where there is no krishna consciousness", "imxItXzJpdy-00647-00197432-00197607": "there was one time there was one", "imxItXzJpdy-00648-00197608-00197926": "sannyasi a young american sanyasi he had", "imxItXzJpdy-00649-00197927-00198111": "come to vrindavan", "imxItXzJpdy-00650-00198112-00198295": "and he told prabhupada he said oh", "imxItXzJpdy-00651-00198296-00198671": "prabhupada he said i love this vrindavan", "imxItXzJpdy-00652-00198672-00198935": "he said i just want to stay here and", "imxItXzJpdy-00653-00198936-00199199": "then and be in vrindavan but prabhupad", "imxItXzJpdy-00654-00199200-00199543": "said to him he said you are a sannyasi", "imxItXzJpdy-00655-00199544-00199823": "your business is to give rindavan to", "imxItXzJpdy-00656-00199824-00200007": "others", "imxItXzJpdy-00657-00200008-00200263": "your business is not just to enjoy", "imxItXzJpdy-00658-00200264-00200454": "vrndavan yourself", "imxItXzJpdy-00659-00200455-00200766": "but you should go out and go and travel", "imxItXzJpdy-00660-00200767-00201223": "and preach and give vrindavan to others", "imxItXzJpdy-00661-00201224-00201502": "so that that is important", "imxItXzJpdy-00662-00201503-00201631": "you see", "imxItXzJpdy-00663-00201632-00201943": "sometimes people would even criticize", "imxItXzJpdy-00664-00201944-00202238": "srila prabhupada so prabhupada would", "imxItXzJpdy-00665-00202239-00202535": "tell us how we could deal with the we he", "imxItXzJpdy-00666-00202536-00202814": "said we should anybody who criticized", "imxItXzJpdy-00667-00202815-00203087": "this problem we would ask them how many", "imxItXzJpdy-00668-00203088-00203407": "miles did you travel to preach krishna", "imxItXzJpdy-00669-00203408-00203550": "consciousness", "imxItXzJpdy-00670-00203551-00203871": "how many books did you publish about", "imxItXzJpdy-00671-00203872-00204175": "krishna consciousness how many temples", "imxItXzJpdy-00672-00204176-00204319": "did you open", "imxItXzJpdy-00673-00204320-00204711": "how many disciples did you initiate", "imxItXzJpdy-00674-00204712-00205046": "this is the business of the sannyasi", "imxItXzJpdy-00675-00205048-00205310": "the business of the sannyasi is not to", "imxItXzJpdy-00676-00205311-00205510": "just simply sit", "imxItXzJpdy-00677-00205511-00205614": "and do", "imxItXzJpdy-00678-00205615-00205838": "some austerities", "imxItXzJpdy-00679-00205839-00206142": "that is not really vaishnava sanya there", "imxItXzJpdy-00680-00206144-00206414": "are two kinds of sannyasi there is the", "imxItXzJpdy-00681-00206415-00206742": "tridandi sanyasi and the ekkadandi", "imxItXzJpdy-00682-00206744-00206879": "sannyasi", "imxItXzJpdy-00683-00206880-00207151": "ekadandi sanyas is in the line of", "imxItXzJpdy-00684-00207152-00207423": "shankaracharya", "imxItXzJpdy-00685-00207423-00207694": "so the mayavadi sanyasis", "imxItXzJpdy-00686-00207696-00208182": "they take sannyas to renounce the world", "imxItXzJpdy-00687-00208183-00208631": "they say brahman", "imxItXzJpdy-00688-00208632-00208998": "brahman is truth the material world is", "imxItXzJpdy-00689-00209000-00209303": "false and they give up everything they", "imxItXzJpdy-00690-00209304-00209655": "renounce everything", "imxItXzJpdy-00691-00209656-00209887": "so that is", "imxItXzJpdy-00692-00209888-00210175": "but in krishna consciousness", "imxItXzJpdy-00693-00210176-00210471": "we don't have ekadandi sannyasis we have", "imxItXzJpdy-00694-00210471-00210863": "tridandi sanyasis vaishnava sanyasis", "imxItXzJpdy-00695-00210864-00211127": "they are tridandi sannyasis", "imxItXzJpdy-00696-00211128-00211503": "they carry three rods indicating body", "imxItXzJpdy-00697-00211504-00211798": "mind and words all in the service of", "imxItXzJpdy-00698-00211800-00211910": "krishna", "imxItXzJpdy-00699-00211911-00212198": "and they don't take sannyas to give up", "imxItXzJpdy-00700-00212200-00212527": "the world but they take sannyas to", "imxItXzJpdy-00701-00212528-00212855": "utilize everything in the service of", "imxItXzJpdy-00702-00212856-00213063": "krishna", "imxItXzJpdy-00703-00213064-00213431": "that is better than giving up everything", "imxItXzJpdy-00704-00213432-00213751": "utilizing everything for the service of", "imxItXzJpdy-00705-00213752-00213903": "krishna", "imxItXzJpdy-00706-00213904-00214175": "that is the real sannyas", "imxItXzJpdy-00707-00214176-00214463": "just like this house this this property", "imxItXzJpdy-00708-00214464-00214558": "here", "imxItXzJpdy-00709-00214559-00214791": "we have they've made it such a beautiful", "imxItXzJpdy-00710-00214792-00214991": "temple now", "imxItXzJpdy-00711-00214992-00215255": "you see this this is the business of", "imxItXzJpdy-00712-00215256-00215606": "sanyasi prabhupad came here he opened", "imxItXzJpdy-00713-00215607-00215751": "the temple", "imxItXzJpdy-00714-00215752-00216046": "1976", "imxItXzJpdy-00715-00216048-00216382": "bula reddy had given the land", "imxItXzJpdy-00716-00216383-00216598": "the sweet shops just across the road", "imxItXzJpdy-00717-00216600-00216894": "there and he gave the land here and the", "imxItXzJpdy-00718-00216896-00217082": "devotees", "imxItXzJpdy-00719-00217083-00217358": "1976 they opened the temple", "imxItXzJpdy-00720-00217359-00217623": "and it was very simple it wasn't like it", "imxItXzJpdy-00721-00217623-00217927": "is today it's so beautiful today was", "imxItXzJpdy-00722-00217928-00218079": "very simple", "imxItXzJpdy-00723-00218080-00218423": "very basic but we opened the temple", "imxItXzJpdy-00724-00218423-00218519": "and", "imxItXzJpdy-00725-00218519-00218815": "now you can see how it's developed it's", "imxItXzJpdy-00726-00218816-00219175": "so beautiful and so many facilities and", "imxItXzJpdy-00727-00219176-00219487": "we have you have your dwarka puri hall", "imxItXzJpdy-00728-00219488-00219751": "and you have your samskar hall and you", "imxItXzJpdy-00729-00219752-00220031": "have a govindus restaurant and you're so", "imxItXzJpdy-00730-00220032-00220198": "many things", "imxItXzJpdy-00731-00220200-00220303": "so", "imxItXzJpdy-00732-00220304-00220663": "you can see how krishna consciousness is", "imxItXzJpdy-00733-00220664-00220871": "a dynamic affair", "imxItXzJpdy-00734-00220871-00220998": "it is not", "imxItXzJpdy-00735-00221000-00221351": "static it's not just oh put the tempo", "imxItXzJpdy-00736-00221352-00221575": "here and then keep and then and then", "imxItXzJpdy-00737-00221576-00221767": "just let it be there", "imxItXzJpdy-00738-00221767-00221951": "no but we're we're", "imxItXzJpdy-00739-00221952-00222255": "people are here and they're preaching", "imxItXzJpdy-00740-00222256-00222503": "and there's propagating making more and", "imxItXzJpdy-00741-00222504-00222823": "more propaganda for bigger and bigger", "imxItXzJpdy-00742-00222823-00223167": "festivals just like yesterday you", "imxItXzJpdy-00743-00223167-00223423": "celebrated red estimate", "imxItXzJpdy-00744-00223423-00223751": "and so many people came right well what", "imxItXzJpdy-00745-00223752-00224063": "was it 3 000 people came so very", "imxItXzJpdy-00746-00224064-00224342": "wonderful you have a big crowd coming", "imxItXzJpdy-00747-00224344-00224639": "for the festival and so many people got", "imxItXzJpdy-00748-00224640-00224903": "krishna consciousness and i see the", "imxItXzJpdy-00749-00224904-00225158": "deities today i thought maybe you're", "imxItXzJpdy-00750-00225159-00225431": "having radashmi today because the", "imxItXzJpdy-00751-00225432-00225646": "deities look so beautiful", "imxItXzJpdy-00752-00225648-00226031": "and the altar is just so well decorated", "imxItXzJpdy-00753-00226032-00226231": "i thought wow are they having radas to", "imxItXzJpdy-00754-00226232-00226398": "me today", "imxItXzJpdy-00755-00226400-00226742": "and i never saw such beautiful dresses", "imxItXzJpdy-00756-00226744-00227094": "they're very wonderful so this is the", "imxItXzJpdy-00757-00227096-00227215": "business", "imxItXzJpdy-00758-00227216-00227487": "to utilize everything", "imxItXzJpdy-00759-00227488-00227806": "not for our sense gratification", "imxItXzJpdy-00760-00227807-00228110": "but for the pleasure of krishna", "imxItXzJpdy-00761-00228111-00228439": "and to give krishna consciousness to", "imxItXzJpdy-00762-00228440-00228623": "others", "imxItXzJpdy-00763-00228623-00228934": "so that is required we want that", "imxItXzJpdy-00764-00228935-00229175": "everyone should be sannyasi in that", "imxItXzJpdy-00765-00229176-00229558": "sense sanyasi is not just it's not just", "imxItXzJpdy-00766-00229559-00229910": "a dress it's not just a title", "imxItXzJpdy-00767-00229911-00230158": "but it's a consciousness", "imxItXzJpdy-00768-00230159-00230406": "just like in the bhagavad-gita lord", "imxItXzJpdy-00769-00230407-00230742": "krishna describes who is a real sannyasi", "imxItXzJpdy-00770-00230744-00231031": "he says what one who works is", "imxItXzJpdy-00771-00231032-00231175": "as he is", "imxItXzJpdy-00772-00231176-00231342": "obligated", "imxItXzJpdy-00773-00231344-00231646": "and who is detached from the result from", "imxItXzJpdy-00774-00231648-00231831": "the the work", "imxItXzJpdy-00775-00231832-00232023": "detached from the results he's not", "imxItXzJpdy-00776-00232023-00232231": "trying to enjoy the results", "imxItXzJpdy-00777-00232232-00232542": "he said not somebody who who lights no", "imxItXzJpdy-00778-00232544-00232855": "fire and performs no work", "imxItXzJpdy-00779-00232856-00233206": "you see there there's karma sanyas karma", "imxItXzJpdy-00780-00233207-00233471": "sanyasi they give up work", "imxItXzJpdy-00781-00233471-00233894": "that is not what we want we want we take", "imxItXzJpdy-00782-00233896-00234151": "sanyas to work more", "imxItXzJpdy-00783-00234152-00234398": "caitanya mahaprabhu", "imxItXzJpdy-00784-00234400-00234558": "took sannyas", "imxItXzJpdy-00785-00234559-00235006": "to take more responsibility", "imxItXzJpdy-00786-00235007-00235167": "there was one man", "imxItXzJpdy-00787-00235167-00235382": "he came to prabhupada and he said", "imxItXzJpdy-00788-00235383-00235671": "swamiji i want to take sannyas", "imxItXzJpdy-00789-00235671-00235951": "prabhupada said to him why he said oh i", "imxItXzJpdy-00790-00235952-00236158": "have a wife and four children at home", "imxItXzJpdy-00791-00236159-00236463": "it's terrible", "imxItXzJpdy-00792-00236464-00236687": "so of course prabhupada did not give him", "imxItXzJpdy-00793-00236688-00236903": "sannyas", "imxItXzJpdy-00794-00236904-00237182": "because that's not sannyas sanyas is not", "imxItXzJpdy-00795-00237183-00237439": "to give up responsibility", "imxItXzJpdy-00796-00237440-00237815": "sanyas is to take more responsibility", "imxItXzJpdy-00797-00237816-00238087": "to take more responsibility for the", "imxItXzJpdy-00798-00238088-00238463": "service of krishna and enlightening more", "imxItXzJpdy-00799-00238464-00238719": "and more people about krishna", "imxItXzJpdy-00800-00238719-00238910": "consciousness", "imxItXzJpdy-00801-00238911-00239351": "so that is the real duty of the sannyasi", "imxItXzJpdy-00802-00239352-00239615": "and we're encouraging people in that way", "imxItXzJpdy-00803-00239616-00239982": "everyone become a sannyasi everyone you", "imxItXzJpdy-00804-00239983-00240231": "don't have to change your dress but if", "imxItXzJpdy-00805-00240232-00240479": "you have that consciousness then you're", "imxItXzJpdy-00806-00240480-00240630": "sannyasi", "imxItXzJpdy-00807-00240631-00240846": "just like prabhupada said about one", "imxItXzJpdy-00808-00240848-00241134": "devotee there was one devotee he was", "imxItXzJpdy-00809-00241135-00241351": "distributing books", "imxItXzJpdy-00810-00241352-00241591": "and he was distributing every day many", "imxItXzJpdy-00811-00241592-00241934": "books of krishna conscious literature", "imxItXzJpdy-00812-00241935-00242206": "he would go into the airports into in", "imxItXzJpdy-00813-00242207-00242494": "usa and he would distribute books to", "imxItXzJpdy-00814-00242496-00242710": "people in the airports", "imxItXzJpdy-00815-00242711-00243023": "so some devotees they said to prabhupad", "imxItXzJpdy-00816-00243023-00243255": "prabhupada we should give that devotee", "imxItXzJpdy-00817-00243256-00243606": "sanyas he's so dedicated is working so", "imxItXzJpdy-00818-00243607-00243719": "hard", "imxItXzJpdy-00819-00243719-00243903": "and prabhupad said", "imxItXzJpdy-00820-00243904-00244198": "that he's he's doing more than any", "imxItXzJpdy-00821-00244200-00244398": "sannyasi", "imxItXzJpdy-00822-00244400-00244655": "prabhupad recognized him that he was", "imxItXzJpdy-00823-00244656-00244967": "he's doing more than sannyasi", "imxItXzJpdy-00824-00244967-00245239": "and later on he did prabhupad did he", "imxItXzJpdy-00825-00245240-00245494": "give him sannyas", "imxItXzJpdy-00826-00245496-00245598": "but", "imxItXzJpdy-00827-00245600-00245846": "initially prabhupad said he's already", "imxItXzJpdy-00828-00245848-00246071": "doing more than a sannyasi", "imxItXzJpdy-00829-00246071-00246246": "so the idea is", "imxItXzJpdy-00830-00246248-00246575": "that sanyasis are needed but they should", "imxItXzJpdy-00831-00246576-00246879": "be qualified they shouldn't be ignorant", "imxItXzJpdy-00832-00246880-00247182": "people who don't know shastra they have", "imxItXzJpdy-00833-00247183-00247382": "to teach the shastra", "imxItXzJpdy-00834-00247383-00247687": "just like ramananda roy talked with sri", "imxItXzJpdy-00835-00247688-00248239": "caitanya mahaprabhu", "imxItXzJpdy-00836-00248240-00248503": "and he was born in a brahmana family", "imxItXzJpdy-00837-00248504-00248710": "he'd taken sannyas in the line of", "imxItXzJpdy-00838-00248711-00248903": "shankaracharya", "imxItXzJpdy-00839-00248904-00249215": "but he was a vaishnava sannyasi and he", "imxItXzJpdy-00840-00249216-00249494": "met with ramananda rai and when they met", "imxItXzJpdy-00841-00249496-00249823": "together lord caitanya put questions to", "imxItXzJpdy-00842-00249823-00250079": "ramananda rai", "imxItXzJpdy-00843-00250080-00250351": "and ramananda rai objected he said you", "imxItXzJpdy-00844-00250352-00250655": "know i'm a householder i'm not even born", "imxItXzJpdy-00845-00250656-00250919": "in a brahmana family why are you asking", "imxItXzJpdy-00846-00250919-00251158": "me you're the brahmana and you're the", "imxItXzJpdy-00847-00251159-00251455": "sannyasi i should be questioning you", "imxItXzJpdy-00848-00251456-00251894": "but lord caitanya told him", "imxItXzJpdy-00849-00251896-00252079": "sudra kenya", "imxItXzJpdy-00850-00252080-00252463": "ye", "imxItXzJpdy-00851-00252464-00252815": "it doesn't matter what ashram you're in", "imxItXzJpdy-00852-00252816-00253239": "you may be a brahmana or a", "imxItXzJpdy-00853-00253240-00253558": "sudra or whatever that's not important", "imxItXzJpdy-00854-00253559-00253919": "but if you know the science of krishna", "imxItXzJpdy-00855-00253919-00254175": "that is important if you know the", "imxItXzJpdy-00856-00254176-00254415": "science of krishna then you should", "imxItXzJpdy-00857-00254416-00254727": "become a spiritual master and you should", "imxItXzJpdy-00858-00254728-00254958": "save the world", "imxItXzJpdy-00859-00254959-00255230": "so this is the principle", "imxItXzJpdy-00860-00255231-00255479": "become the guru usually gurus are", "imxItXzJpdy-00861-00255480-00255623": "sannyasis", "imxItXzJpdy-00862-00255623-00255903": "but everyone should become guru caitanya", "imxItXzJpdy-00863-00255904-00256294": "mahaprabhu said but you have to know the", "imxItXzJpdy-00864-00256296-00256551": "science of krishna you have to know", "imxItXzJpdy-00865-00256552-00257015": "krishna tatwa then you can be guru", "imxItXzJpdy-00866-00257016-00257303": "then your sanya you have to know the", "imxItXzJpdy-00867-00257304-00257591": "science of krishna consciousness", "imxItXzJpdy-00868-00257592-00257839": "and if you read prabhupada's books", "imxItXzJpdy-00869-00257840-00258103": "certainly you can learn the science of", "imxItXzJpdy-00870-00258104-00258230": "krishna", "imxItXzJpdy-00871-00258231-00258510": "everything is there in the books", "imxItXzJpdy-00872-00258511-00258742": "you read bhagavad-gita", "imxItXzJpdy-00873-00258744-00258958": "srimad bhagavatam", "imxItXzJpdy-00874-00258959-00259294": "and chaitanya charitamrita", "imxItXzJpdy-00875-00259296-00259598": "these books are so rich in knowledge", "imxItXzJpdy-00876-00259600-00259839": "that if you read these books carefully", "imxItXzJpdy-00877-00259840-00260023": "and understand them", "imxItXzJpdy-00878-00260023-00260463": "then teach it and explain it to others", "imxItXzJpdy-00879-00260464-00260646": "it's not enough to just read them", "imxItXzJpdy-00880-00260648-00261023": "ourselves we have to we have to discuss", "imxItXzJpdy-00881-00261023-00261310": "and we have to explain to others", "imxItXzJpdy-00882-00261311-00261510": "just like every morning we're having", "imxItXzJpdy-00883-00261511-00261739": "class here we're speaking on", "imxItXzJpdy-00884-00261740-00261967": "srimad-bhagavatam every day", "imxItXzJpdy-00885-00261967-00262223": "in every center of iskcon", "imxItXzJpdy-00886-00262224-00262447": "if you go i i just came this morning", "imxItXzJpdy-00887-00262448-00262758": "from ramapoor ramapur we have a small", "imxItXzJpdy-00888-00262759-00262999": "center there and we had bhagavatam class", "imxItXzJpdy-00889-00263000-00263127": "there", "imxItXzJpdy-00890-00263128-00263575": "we had class there 5 5 45 to 6 30.", "imxItXzJpdy-00891-00263576-00263791": "so i just finished one class there and i", "imxItXzJpdy-00892-00263792-00264015": "came here we're having class here from", "imxItXzJpdy-00893-00264016-00264255": "here i'm going to utter poor and utter", "imxItXzJpdy-00894-00264256-00264527": "purpo have class there we have a center", "imxItXzJpdy-00895-00264528-00264806": "in uttar this is going on this is our", "imxItXzJpdy-00896-00264807-00265055": "business in the krishna consciousness", "imxItXzJpdy-00897-00265056-00265158": "movement", "imxItXzJpdy-00898-00265159-00265471": "speaking about krishna and discussing", "imxItXzJpdy-00899-00265472-00265710": "the topics of krishna", "imxItXzJpdy-00900-00265711-00266047": "everyone needs to hear and by hearing we", "imxItXzJpdy-00901-00266048-00266343": "get purified and we can awaken our", "imxItXzJpdy-00902-00266344-00266582": "krishna consciousness", "imxItXzJpdy-00903-00266583-00266830": "so we have to understand the value the", "imxItXzJpdy-00904-00266831-00267103": "importance of this krishna consciousness", "imxItXzJpdy-00905-00267104-00267239": "message", "imxItXzJpdy-00906-00267240-00267423": "it can save us", "imxItXzJpdy-00907-00267424-00268743": "from the greatest danger", "imxItXzJpdy-00908-00268744-00268999": "danger what's the danger the danger is", "imxItXzJpdy-00909-00269000-00269279": "now we have the human body if we don't", "imxItXzJpdy-00910-00269280-00269551": "use it properly next life we will become", "imxItXzJpdy-00911-00269552-00269815": "an animal", "imxItXzJpdy-00912-00269816-00270079": "we see so many dogs in the streets here", "imxItXzJpdy-00913-00270080-00270239": "in india", "imxItXzJpdy-00914-00270240-00270623": "we want to be in the dog body", "imxItXzJpdy-00915-00270624-00270903": "that's what happens if we don't use the", "imxItXzJpdy-00916-00270904-00271103": "human life properly", "imxItXzJpdy-00917-00271104-00271367": "we take birth in the lower species of", "imxItXzJpdy-00918-00271368-00271463": "life", "imxItXzJpdy-00919-00271464-00271806": "so we should very be very conscious of", "imxItXzJpdy-00920-00271807-00272191": "our obligation and responsibility", "imxItXzJpdy-00921-00272192-00272495": "don't be a dripada pashu", "imxItXzJpdy-00922-00272496-00272767": "don't be a two-legged animal", "imxItXzJpdy-00923-00272768-00273110": "the animals eat sleep mate and defend", "imxItXzJpdy-00924-00273111-00273415": "and if we only eat sleep mate and defend", "imxItXzJpdy-00925-00273416-00273671": "what is the difference between us and", "imxItXzJpdy-00926-00273672-00273871": "the animal", "imxItXzJpdy-00927-00273872-00274119": "so we have to understand the value of", "imxItXzJpdy-00928-00274120-00274295": "this human life", "imxItXzJpdy-00929-00274296-00274482": "and make the best of", "imxItXzJpdy-00930-00274483-00274775": "it thank you very much hari krishna are", "imxItXzJpdy-00931-00274776-00276279": "there any questions", "imxItXzJpdy-00932-00276280-00276463": "thanks for giving the importance of what", "imxItXzJpdy-00933-00276464-00276647": "how we need to preach", "imxItXzJpdy-00934-00276648-00276871": "in the current days but the one question", "imxItXzJpdy-00935-00276872-00277199": "comes in our mind that uh whenever ajiwa", "imxItXzJpdy-00936-00277200-00277463": "taking birth in a family and he gets the", "imxItXzJpdy-00937-00277464-00277599": "desire to spread the krishna", "imxItXzJpdy-00938-00277600-00277799": "consciousness he requests to their", "imxItXzJpdy-00939-00277800-00278127": "parents that i want to be a brahmacharya", "imxItXzJpdy-00940-00278128-00278358": "so even though their parents knows that", "imxItXzJpdy-00941-00278359-00278599": "devotional services is good", "imxItXzJpdy-00942-00278600-00278799": "for the mankind but they are still", "imxItXzJpdy-00943-00278800-00279030": "stopping that because of the attachment", "imxItXzJpdy-00944-00279031-00279279": "why it's happening so", "imxItXzJpdy-00945-00279280-00279463": "i wish i could hear what you're saying", "imxItXzJpdy-00946-00279464-00280463": "prabhu it's not clear to me", "imxItXzJpdy-00947-00280464-00281006": "parents are not allowing", "imxItXzJpdy-00948-00281007-00281343": "well you can be a devotee at home", "imxItXzJpdy-00949-00281344-00281551": "you don't have to leave the home you can", "imxItXzJpdy-00950-00281552-00281782": "stay with your family and also practice", "imxItXzJpdy-00951-00281783-00282047": "krishna consciousness", "imxItXzJpdy-00952-00282048-00282247": "i'm sure the prabhupada never came and", "imxItXzJpdy-00953-00282248-00282430": "lived in the temple", "imxItXzJpdy-00954-00282431-00282606": "srila prabhupad never lived as a", "imxItXzJpdy-00955-00282607-00282751": "brahmacari", "imxItXzJpdy-00956-00282752-00283151": "he always lived with his family", "imxItXzJpdy-00957-00283152-00283334": "then later on", "imxItXzJpdy-00958-00283335-00283558": "he became sannyasi", "imxItXzJpdy-00959-00283559-00283782": "so you can also do like that", "imxItXzJpdy-00960-00283783-00283958": "you can live at home", "imxItXzJpdy-00961-00283959-00284175": "you live a normal life just like", "imxItXzJpdy-00962-00284176-00284423": "raghunath das", "imxItXzJpdy-00963-00284424-00284767": "one of the goswami's of vrindavan", "imxItXzJpdy-00964-00284768-00285015": "initially raganath was born in a very", "imxItXzJpdy-00965-00285016-00285206": "wealthy family", "imxItXzJpdy-00966-00285207-00285527": "his his uncle and his father", "imxItXzJpdy-00967-00285528-00285719": "they were very very wealthy they were", "imxItXzJpdy-00968-00285720-00286054": "maintaining all the brahmanas of bengal", "imxItXzJpdy-00969-00286055-00286319": "they were so wealthy", "imxItXzJpdy-00970-00286320-00286719": "so raghan das however had no desire to", "imxItXzJpdy-00971-00286720-00287006": "stay in the family life he wanted to go", "imxItXzJpdy-00972-00287007-00287399": "and be with lord caitanya mahaprabhu", "imxItXzJpdy-00973-00287400-00287630": "so he would run away from home and his", "imxItXzJpdy-00974-00287631-00287863": "parents would bring him back", "imxItXzJpdy-00975-00287864-00288079": "and captain bring him back again and so", "imxItXzJpdy-00976-00288080-00288295": "they got a married to a very beautiful", "imxItXzJpdy-00977-00288296-00288551": "young woman and they thought young girl", "imxItXzJpdy-00978-00288552-00288823": "very beautiful she will help to keep him", "imxItXzJpdy-00979-00288824-00289110": "and family life but still he was not", "imxItXzJpdy-00980-00289111-00289334": "happy still he wanted to go and be with", "imxItXzJpdy-00981-00289335-00289639": "lord caitanya mahaprabhu", "imxItXzJpdy-00982-00289640-00289767": "so then", "imxItXzJpdy-00983-00289768-00290119": "he went to lord caitanya personally and", "imxItXzJpdy-00984-00290120-00290406": "he asked lord caitanya about it and lord", "imxItXzJpdy-00985-00290407-00290630": "caitanya sent him home", "imxItXzJpdy-00986-00290631-00290910": "and he said you go home said don't be a", "imxItXzJpdy-00987-00290911-00291303": "sahaja don't take everything so cheap", "imxItXzJpdy-00988-00291304-00291663": "you go home and act like a normal person", "imxItXzJpdy-00989-00291664-00291999": "and keep krishna in your heart", "imxItXzJpdy-00990-00292000-00292391": "and in this way become krishna conscious", "imxItXzJpdy-00991-00292392-00292679": "so raghunathas initially was told like", "imxItXzJpdy-00992-00292680-00293030": "that by sri caitanya mahaprabhu", "imxItXzJpdy-00993-00293031-00293295": "that you go home and", "imxItXzJpdy-00994-00293296-00293575": "act like a normal person and do what's", "imxItXzJpdy-00995-00293576-00293854": "required in the family affairs", "imxItXzJpdy-00996-00293855-00294082": "you know maybe your parents want you to", "imxItXzJpdy-00997-00294083-00294406": "work then you should do it whatever you", "imxItXzJpdy-00998-00294407-00294654": "know do whatever's required", "imxItXzJpdy-00999-00294655-00294758": "but", "imxItXzJpdy-01000-00294759-00295030": "keep krishna in your heart", "imxItXzJpdy-01001-00295031-00295351": "and you can be krishna conscious", "imxItXzJpdy-01002-00295352-00295519": "it's not that because you're staying at", "imxItXzJpdy-01003-00295520-00295791": "home you can't be krishna conscious", "imxItXzJpdy-01004-00295792-00296006": "if you want to be krishna conscious you", "imxItXzJpdy-01005-00296007-00296206": "can", "imxItXzJpdy-01006-00296207-00296406": "you get the books you read the books you", "imxItXzJpdy-01007-00296407-00296679": "get some beats you chant on the beats", "imxItXzJpdy-01008-00296680-00296887": "why you cannot be krishna conscious at", "imxItXzJpdy-01009-00296888-00297063": "home", "imxItXzJpdy-01010-00297064-00297206": "your family don't want you to be", "imxItXzJpdy-01011-00297207-00297454": "vegetarian", "imxItXzJpdy-01012-00297455-00297687": "are they vegetarian", "imxItXzJpdy-01013-00297688-00297799": "no", "imxItXzJpdy-01014-00297800-00297999": "so then you have to cook your own food", "imxItXzJpdy-01015-00298000-00298254": "then you have to tell them all right i", "imxItXzJpdy-01016-00298255-00298430": "will stay at home but i want i'm going", "imxItXzJpdy-01017-00298431-00298647": "to cook my own food", "imxItXzJpdy-01018-00298648-00298854": "and cook for yourself", "imxItXzJpdy-01019-00298855-00299119": "and make some food cook some vegetarian", "imxItXzJpdy-01020-00299120-00299623": "offer it to krishna", "imxItXzJpdy-01021-00299624-00299695": "so", "imxItXzJpdy-01022-00299696-00299903": "there are many other people in similar", "imxItXzJpdy-01023-00299904-00300063": "situations", "imxItXzJpdy-01024-00300064-00300487": "you have to adjust everything", "imxItXzJpdy-01025-00300488-00300743": "you want to", "imxItXzJpdy-01026-00300744-00300839": "uh", "imxItXzJpdy-01027-00300840-00301254": "just be be careful to try to keep", "imxItXzJpdy-01028-00301255-00301606": "yourself in krishna consciousness", "imxItXzJpdy-01029-00301607-00301823": "it's not that everybody has to come and", "imxItXzJpdy-01030-00301824-00302047": "live in the temple and it's not that", "imxItXzJpdy-01031-00302048-00302271": "only people living in the temple are", "imxItXzJpdy-01032-00302272-00302551": "krishna conscious and devotees", "imxItXzJpdy-01033-00302552-00302727": "you can be at home", "imxItXzJpdy-01034-00302728-00303030": "and also more krishna conscious", "imxItXzJpdy-01035-00303031-00303439": "than people who may be here", "imxItXzJpdy-01036-00303440-00303703": "so it's it's not", "imxItXzJpdy-01037-00303704-00304175": "doesn't depend on physical location", "imxItXzJpdy-01038-00304176-00304463": "in any situation you can become krishna", "imxItXzJpdy-01039-00304464-00304743": "conscious", "imxItXzJpdy-01040-00304744-00305047": "caitanya mahaprabhu's followers", "imxItXzJpdy-01041-00305048-00305430": "most of them were grihasthas", "imxItXzJpdy-01042-00305431-00305727": "and lord caitanya would quote the verse", "imxItXzJpdy-01043-00305728-00305934": "from the srimad-bhagavatam", "imxItXzJpdy-01044-00305935-00306071": "there's a verse there in the", "imxItXzJpdy-01045-00306072-00306247": "srimad-bhagavatam", "imxItXzJpdy-01046-00306248-00306449": "which says", "imxItXzJpdy-01047-00306450-00306663": "[Music]", "imxItXzJpdy-01048-00306664-00308247": "ghani", "imxItXzJpdy-01049-00308248-00308527": "lord caitanya like this verse because", "imxItXzJpdy-01050-00308528-00308806": "this verse says you stay in your", "imxItXzJpdy-01051-00308807-00309119": "position", "imxItXzJpdy-01052-00309120-00309406": "you stay in whatever position you're in", "imxItXzJpdy-01053-00309407-00309651": "and hear about krishna in the", "imxItXzJpdy-01054-00309652-00310023": "association of devotees", "imxItXzJpdy-01055-00310024-00310327": "lord caitanya went to kurmakshetra", "imxItXzJpdy-01056-00310328-00310615": "in kurmakshetra a brahmana received him", "imxItXzJpdy-01057-00310616-00310847": "and fed lord caitanya", "imxItXzJpdy-01058-00310848-00311158": "and then when lord caitanya was leaving", "imxItXzJpdy-01059-00311159-00311479": "the brahmana said to lord caitanya i can", "imxItXzJpdy-01060-00311480-00311791": "no longer tolerate the pains of material", "imxItXzJpdy-01061-00311792-00312158": "life take me with you", "imxItXzJpdy-01062-00312159-00312430": "caitanya mahaprabhu got angry at him and", "imxItXzJpdy-01063-00312431-00312815": "he told him don't speak like that again", "imxItXzJpdy-01064-00312816-00312927": "he said", "imxItXzJpdy-01065-00312928-00313254": "told him you stay where you're at", "imxItXzJpdy-01066-00313255-00313534": "you stay here and wherever you go and", "imxItXzJpdy-01067-00313535-00313854": "whoever you meet tell them about krishna", "imxItXzJpdy-01068-00313855-00314215": "and in this way you become a guru", "imxItXzJpdy-01069-00314216-00314575": "lord caitanya did not let people give up", "imxItXzJpdy-01070-00314576-00314991": "their duties or their responsibilities", "imxItXzJpdy-01071-00314992-00315295": "you have some position your family are", "imxItXzJpdy-01072-00315296-00315543": "naturally attached to you", "imxItXzJpdy-01073-00315544-00315815": "they don't want you to be devotee", "imxItXzJpdy-01074-00315816-00315934": "okay", "imxItXzJpdy-01075-00315935-00316134": "so you you stay at home you talk i'll", "imxItXzJpdy-01076-00316135-00316334": "stay at home but i have to practice", "imxItXzJpdy-01077-00316335-00316558": "krishna consciousness", "imxItXzJpdy-01078-00316559-00316775": "and i'm going to be vegetarian you have", "imxItXzJpdy-01079-00316776-00317047": "to tell them i have to be vegetarian i", "imxItXzJpdy-01080-00317048-00317310": "have to get vegetarian food", "imxItXzJpdy-01081-00317311-00317454": "i'm not going to take this", "imxItXzJpdy-01082-00317455-00317710": "non-vegetarian", "imxItXzJpdy-01083-00317711-00317919": "if they want to eat it that's their", "imxItXzJpdy-01084-00317920-00318071": "business", "imxItXzJpdy-01085-00318072-00318271": "but you should make it very clear to", "imxItXzJpdy-01086-00318272-00318382": "them", "imxItXzJpdy-01087-00318383-00318615": "that you want me to stay at home", "imxItXzJpdy-01088-00318616-00318758": "then", "imxItXzJpdy-01089-00318759-00319358": "i have my conditions", "imxItXzJpdy-01090-00319359-00319630": "and if they can't agree to all of that", "imxItXzJpdy-01091-00319631-00320143": "then you just have to leave home", "imxItXzJpdy-01092-00320144-00320367": "you're not a young kid", "imxItXzJpdy-01093-00320368-00320727": "you can stand on your own feet", "imxItXzJpdy-01094-00320728-00321039": "if they cannot agree to basic principles", "imxItXzJpdy-01095-00321040-00321151": "like that", "imxItXzJpdy-01096-00321152-00322095": "then you have no reason to remain there", "imxItXzJpdy-01097-00322096-00322503": "uh-huh any other question", "imxItXzJpdy-01098-00322504-00323015": "yes prabhu", "imxItXzJpdy-01099-00323016-00323175": "like", "imxItXzJpdy-01100-00323176-00323391": "but speaking about enthusiasm", "imxItXzJpdy-01101-00323392-00323647": "we lost enthusiasm after some day how", "imxItXzJpdy-01102-00323648-00323839": "can we keep that into them still our", "imxItXzJpdy-01103-00323840-00323934": "last", "imxItXzJpdy-01104-00323935-00324758": "end of our life", "imxItXzJpdy-01105-00324759-00325182": "how to be enthusiastic always", "imxItXzJpdy-01106-00325183-00325430": "well by just simply by being", "imxItXzJpdy-01107-00325431-00325727": "enthusiastic", "imxItXzJpdy-01108-00325728-00325927": "just even though you may not feel", "imxItXzJpdy-01109-00325928-00326215": "enthusiastic but if you just simply", "imxItXzJpdy-01110-00326216-00326691": "show enthusiasm then that will help you", "imxItXzJpdy-01111-00326692-00327103": "enthusiasm you know come to the temple", "imxItXzJpdy-01112-00327104-00327375": "dance and chant loudly", "imxItXzJpdy-01113-00327376-00327495": "like that", "imxItXzJpdy-01114-00327496-00327863": "take part dive into the the program into", "imxItXzJpdy-01115-00327864-00328006": "the kirtan", "imxItXzJpdy-01116-00328007-00328251": "and in this way just by being", "imxItXzJpdy-01117-00328252-00328527": "enthusiastic you will develop that", "imxItXzJpdy-01118-00328528-00328678": "enthusiasm", "imxItXzJpdy-01119-00328679-00329015": "it's also good to associate with people", "imxItXzJpdy-01120-00329016-00329278": "who are enthusiastic", "imxItXzJpdy-01121-00329279-00329495": "if you can be with other people who are", "imxItXzJpdy-01122-00329496-00329787": "enthusiastic you can also become", "imxItXzJpdy-01123-00329788-00330303": "enthusiastic enthusiasm is contagious", "imxItXzJpdy-01124-00330304-00330510": "it spreads", "imxItXzJpdy-01125-00330511-00330830": "if you become enthusiastic other people", "imxItXzJpdy-01126-00330831-00331175": "around you will also become enthusiastic", "imxItXzJpdy-01127-00331176-00331510": "so you can inspire everyone you become", "imxItXzJpdy-01128-00331511-00331791": "enthused and everyone else also will", "imxItXzJpdy-01129-00331792-00332230": "become enthused", "imxItXzJpdy-01130-00332231-00332510": "we go to the temple and the devotees are", "imxItXzJpdy-01131-00332511-00332767": "having a big kirtan you know when you", "imxItXzJpdy-01132-00332768-00332975": "first come in the temple you're down and", "imxItXzJpdy-01133-00332976-00333158": "you're not feeling very but you go in", "imxItXzJpdy-01134-00333159-00333343": "the kirtan and they're chanting and", "imxItXzJpdy-01135-00333344-00333519": "dancing and you", "imxItXzJpdy-01136-00333520-00333710": "dance and you also forget all the", "imxItXzJpdy-01137-00333711-00334015": "miseries and forget everything", "imxItXzJpdy-01138-00334016-00334239": "so that's how it works this and how", "imxItXzJpdy-01139-00334240-00334439": "enthusiasm comes", "imxItXzJpdy-01140-00334440-00334703": "now in the nectar of instruction in the", "imxItXzJpdy-01141-00334704-00334975": "nectar of instruction upadesh amrita an", "imxItXzJpdy-01142-00334976-00335167": "important book", "imxItXzJpdy-01143-00335168-00335439": "srila prabhupada or rupa goswami has", "imxItXzJpdy-01144-00335440-00335775": "mentioned that enthusiasm is one of the", "imxItXzJpdy-01145-00335776-00336215": "six items which are necessary to advance", "imxItXzJpdy-01146-00336216-00336463": "in krishna consciousness", "imxItXzJpdy-01147-00336464-00336623": "he mentions about", "imxItXzJpdy-01148-00336624-00336743": "patience", "imxItXzJpdy-01149-00336744-00337003": "and determination as well as", "imxItXzJpdy-01150-00337004-00337191": "enthusiasm", "imxItXzJpdy-01151-00337192-00337454": "and it's very necessary and prabhupad", "imxItXzJpdy-01152-00337455-00337775": "said in every endeavor these things are", "imxItXzJpdy-01153-00337776-00337910": "necessary", "imxItXzJpdy-01154-00337911-00338191": "and then prabhupada also tells us what", "imxItXzJpdy-01155-00338192-00338567": "he considers enthusiasm to be he said", "imxItXzJpdy-01156-00338568-00338767": "enthusiasm", "imxItXzJpdy-01157-00338768-00338882": "is", "imxItXzJpdy-01158-00338883-00339054": "uh", "imxItXzJpdy-01159-00339055-00339463": "is utilizing our intelligence in krishna", "imxItXzJpdy-01160-00339464-00339863": "consciousness", "imxItXzJpdy-01161-00339864-00340134": "that we we use are in acting", "imxItXzJpdy-01162-00340135-00340534": "intelligently in krishna consciousness", "imxItXzJpdy-01163-00340535-00340830": "that is enthusiasm when you use your", "imxItXzJpdy-01164-00340831-00340982": "intelligence", "imxItXzJpdy-01165-00340983-00341223": "in krishna consciousness", "imxItXzJpdy-01166-00341224-00341687": "so enthusiasm is not just being reckless", "imxItXzJpdy-01167-00341688-00341951": "and being wild and carefree", "imxItXzJpdy-01168-00341952-00342271": "but it's utilizing our intelligence for", "imxItXzJpdy-01169-00342272-00342839": "the service of krishna", "imxItXzJpdy-01170-00342840-00343110": "so we do want to be enthusiastic it's an", "imxItXzJpdy-01171-00343111-00343406": "important quality", "imxItXzJpdy-01172-00343407-00343478": "and", "imxItXzJpdy-01173-00343479-00343734": "prabhupada appreciated that", "imxItXzJpdy-01174-00343735-00343839": "in our", "imxItXzJpdy-01175-00343840-00344095": "devotees in our krishna consciousness", "imxItXzJpdy-01176-00344096-00344287": "movement that they had a lot of", "imxItXzJpdy-01177-00344288-00344582": "enthusiasm", "imxItXzJpdy-01178-00344583-00344782": "prabhupada always encouraged the", "imxItXzJpdy-01179-00344783-00345143": "devotees to keep that enthusiasm and to", "imxItXzJpdy-01180-00345144-00345254": "use it", "imxItXzJpdy-01181-00345255-00345815": "for the service of krishna", "imxItXzJpdy-01182-00345816-00345991": "and material life people are", "imxItXzJpdy-01183-00345992-00346158": "enthusiastic", "imxItXzJpdy-01184-00346159-00346447": "for their sense gratification", "imxItXzJpdy-01185-00346448-00346719": "but a devotee is enthusiastic for", "imxItXzJpdy-01186-00346720-00347447": "krsna's service", "imxItXzJpdy-01187-00347448-00348103": "all right yes any other question", "imxItXzJpdy-01188-00348104-00348343": "okay so we will stop here today thank", "imxItXzJpdy-01189-00348344-00349510": "you very much srila prabhupad ki jai", "imxItXzJpdy-01190-00349511-00350687": "go back to brenda", "imxItXzJpdy-01191-00350688-00350896": "you"}}, {"audio_id": "im_ivSwiG9E", "text": {"im_ivSwiG9E-00000-00000039-00000279": "hi everyone my name is chris juan so", "im_ivSwiG9E-00001-00000280-00000471": "today i'm going to share with you stock", "im_ivSwiG9E-00002-00000472-00000686": "market investment for newbies so", "im_ivSwiG9E-00003-00000687-00000839": "basically i will cover two things over", "im_ivSwiG9E-00004-00000840-00001087": "here the first one is how to select a", "im_ivSwiG9E-00005-00001088-00001303": "stock using fundamental analysis the", "im_ivSwiG9E-00006-00001304-00001647": "second one is how to sell when to sell", "im_ivSwiG9E-00007-00001648-00001942": "or when to buy using technical analysis", "im_ivSwiG9E-00008-00001943-00002134": "so you can find it more", "im_ivSwiG9E-00009-00002135-00002447": "by the link below so you just go ahead", "im_ivSwiG9E-00010-00002448-00002518": "and", "im_ivSwiG9E-00011-00002519-00002799": "register yourself and for this is for", "im_ivSwiG9E-00012-00002800-00003184": "free and thank you for watching"}}, {"audio_id": "imVCz84Fftk", "text": {"imVCz84Fftk-00000-00000023-00000286": "so this is going to be a quick video", "imVCz84Fftk-00001-00000287-00000674": "that looks at how to publish a page or", "imVCz84Fftk-00002-00000675-00000989": "more specifically looks at the three", "imVCz84Fftk-00003-00000990-00001424": "different ways to publish a page so the", "imVCz84Fftk-00004-00001425-00001598": "first way as you can see here's my", "imVCz84Fftk-00005-00001599-00001832": "sample I'm in a sample course that I've", "imVCz84Fftk-00006-00001832-00002110": "created here so sample one and you can", "imVCz84Fftk-00007-00002111-00002288": "see I've gone in and I've added some", "imVCz84Fftk-00008-00002289-00002626": "text and some links into a particular", "imVCz84Fftk-00009-00002627-00002957": "page and if I scroll down to the bottom", "imVCz84Fftk-00010-00002958-00003211": "I'll have three options down here cancel", "imVCz84Fftk-00011-00003213-00003515": "save and publish or just save now the", "imVCz84Fftk-00012-00003515-00003770": "easiest way to save a page is if I know", "imVCz84Fftk-00013-00003771-00004085": "that this page is the way I want it to", "imVCz84Fftk-00014-00004086-00004429": "be in terms of its format and its", "imVCz84Fftk-00015-00004430-00004649": "content I can just click on save and", "imVCz84Fftk-00016-00004650-00004886": "publish and what it'll do is it will", "imVCz84Fftk-00017-00004887-00005090": "save the file and as you can see by the", "imVCz84Fftk-00018-00005091-00005413": "blue button up here it is published now", "imVCz84Fftk-00019-00005414-00005606": "if I decide after looking at it that", "imVCz84Fftk-00020-00005607-00005804": "maybe I want to go back and change", "imVCz84Fftk-00021-00005805-00006140": "things I can unpublish it by clicking on", "imVCz84Fftk-00022-00006141-00006406": "the button and when I do that you'll see", "imVCz84Fftk-00023-00006408-00006827": "it turns back to a gray button and then", "imVCz84Fftk-00024-00006828-00007076": "I can go back and edit it again if I", "imVCz84Fftk-00025-00007077-00007244": "want say there was something I wanted to", "imVCz84Fftk-00026-00007245-00007546": "take out and once again when I'm done I", "imVCz84Fftk-00027-00007547-00007909": "can click Save and publish and you can", "imVCz84Fftk-00028-00007911-00008066": "see from that button there that it's", "imVCz84Fftk-00029-00008067-00008374": "published now the other way in which I", "imVCz84Fftk-00030-00008375-00008534": "can do it you see I've got a second", "imVCz84Fftk-00031-00008535-00008819": "sample page so this is sample to data", "imVCz84Fftk-00032-00008820-00009074": "collection methods and I've got my page", "imVCz84Fftk-00033-00009075-00009439": "created and instead of hitting save and", "imVCz84Fftk-00034-00009440-00009649": "publish what I can do here is I can just", "imVCz84Fftk-00035-00009650-00009985": "click on this blue Save button and what", "imVCz84Fftk-00036-00009986-00010156": "that will do is it will save the file", "imVCz84Fftk-00037-00010157-00010421": "for me and maybe I want to sleep on it", "imVCz84Fftk-00038-00010422-00010564": "and figure out you know is this really", "imVCz84Fftk-00039-00010565-00010771": "the way I want this to look make sure", "imVCz84Fftk-00040-00010772-00011006": "that you know I've included everything", "imVCz84Fftk-00041-00011007-00011306": "that I want to include and then I I come", "imVCz84Fftk-00042-00011307-00011506": "back to it the next day and I read", "imVCz84Fftk-00043-00011507-00011692": "through it again and review it and I say", "imVCz84Fftk-00044-00011693-00011867": "yeah you know this really is kind of", "imVCz84Fftk-00045-00011868-00012196": "what I want in here and I can decide at", "imVCz84Fftk-00046-00012197-00012385": "that point to publish it and I can do", "imVCz84Fftk-00047-00012386-00012613": "that by clicking on this grey publish", "imVCz84Fftk-00048-00012614-00012835": "button and you'll see that it turns", "imVCz84Fftk-00049-00012836-00013136": "green and it has the word published", "imVCz84Fftk-00050-00013137-00013233": "there", "imVCz84Fftk-00051-00013234-00013617": "now the third model that I can do is if", "imVCz84Fftk-00052-00013618-00013995": "I've already created these pages so here", "imVCz84Fftk-00053-00013996-00014269": "I'm at the home page the Toro home page", "imVCz84Fftk-00054-00014269-00014616": "for of the blueprint for my course and", "imVCz84Fftk-00055-00014618-00014814": "if I click on pages", "imVCz84Fftk-00056-00014815-00015120": "I'll get the home page again but I'll", "imVCz84Fftk-00057-00015121-00015325": "also get this blue button here that says", "imVCz84Fftk-00058-00015326-00015669": "view all pages and if I click on that I", "imVCz84Fftk-00059-00015670-00015949": "can scroll down here you can see and", "imVCz84Fftk-00060-00015950-00016203": "here's all the pages that I have and you", "imVCz84Fftk-00061-00016204-00016369": "can see here near the bottom", "imVCz84Fftk-00062-00016369-00016699": "I've got sample 1 which as we just", "imVCz84Fftk-00063-00016700-00017055": "worked on we just published sample 2 we", "imVCz84Fftk-00064-00017056-00017233": "just worked on and we just published but", "imVCz84Fftk-00065-00017234-00017490": "a few minutes ago I created sample 3 and", "imVCz84Fftk-00066-00017491-00017670": "you'll notice that that one isn't", "imVCz84Fftk-00067-00017671-00017839": "published it and I can tell that it's", "imVCz84Fftk-00068-00017840-00018006": "not published because it's got this sort", "imVCz84Fftk-00069-00018007-00018297": "of gray do not sign in front of it", "imVCz84Fftk-00070-00018298-00018514": "whereas all of the other ones have this", "imVCz84Fftk-00071-00018515-00018762": "green checkmark so the third way that I", "imVCz84Fftk-00072-00018763-00018952": "could publish it is if I'm looking at a", "imVCz84Fftk-00073-00018953-00019236": "list of all of the pages I can just", "imVCz84Fftk-00074-00019237-00019572": "click on that grey circle with the line", "imVCz84Fftk-00075-00019573-00019821": "through it and you'll see it becomes a", "imVCz84Fftk-00076-00019822-00020040": "green checkmark and then if I hover over", "imVCz84Fftk-00077-00020041-00020358": "it you can see that it said publish and", "imVCz84Fftk-00078-00020359-00020580": "if I hover it over it again it gives me", "imVCz84Fftk-00079-00020581-00020752": "the option to unpublish it but I don't", "imVCz84Fftk-00080-00020753-00020974": "want to do that now so those are the", "imVCz84Fftk-00081-00020975-00021217": "three ways that I can publish a page", "imVCz84Fftk-00082-00021218-00021525": "inside of canvas"}}, {"audio_id": "in38m6khAXI", "text": {"in38m6khAXI-00000-00000079-00000262": "okay thank you members of the commerce", "in38m6khAXI-00001-00000263-00000311": "committee", "in38m6khAXI-00002-00000312-00000455": "for the opportunity to speak with the", "in38m6khAXI-00003-00000456-00000686": "american people about twitter and", "in38m6khAXI-00004-00000687-00000862": "section 230.", "in38m6khAXI-00005-00000863-00001047": "my remarks will be brief so we can get", "in38m6khAXI-00006-00001048-00001303": "to questions section 230 is the most", "in38m6khAXI-00007-00001304-00001431": "important law", "in38m6khAXI-00008-00001432-00001687": "protecting internet speech and removing", "in38m6khAXI-00009-00001688-00001847": "section 230 will remove", "in38m6khAXI-00010-00001848-00002151": "speech from the internet section 230", "in38m6khAXI-00011-00002152-00002334": "gave internet services two important", "in38m6khAXI-00012-00002335-00002423": "tools", "in38m6khAXI-00013-00002424-00002591": "the first provides immunity from", "in38m6khAXI-00014-00002592-00002815": "liability for users content", "in38m6khAXI-00015-00002816-00003047": "the second provides good samaritan", "in38m6khAXI-00016-00003048-00003126": "protections", "in38m6khAXI-00017-00003127-00003406": "for content moderation and removal even", "in38m6khAXI-00018-00003407-00003663": "of constitutionally protected speech", "in38m6khAXI-00019-00003664-00003990": "as long as it's done in good faith", "in38m6khAXI-00020-00003992-00004279": "that concept of good faith is what's", "in38m6khAXI-00021-00004280-00004519": "being challenged by many of you today", "in38m6khAXI-00022-00004520-00004679": "some of you don't trust we're acting in", "in38m6khAXI-00023-00004680-00004879": "good faith that's the problem", "in38m6khAXI-00024-00004880-00005118": "i want to focus on solving how does", "in38m6khAXI-00025-00005119-00005231": "services like twitter", "in38m6khAXI-00026-00005232-00005486": "earn your trust how do we ensure more", "in38m6khAXI-00027-00005487-00005615": "choice in the market", "in38m6khAXI-00028-00005616-00005902": "if we don't there are three solutions", "in38m6khAXI-00029-00005903-00006015": "we'd like to propose", "in38m6khAXI-00030-00006016-00006302": "to address the concerns raised all", "in38m6khAXI-00031-00006303-00006510": "focused on services that decide", "in38m6khAXI-00032-00006511-00006806": "to moderate or remove content it could", "in38m6khAXI-00033-00006808-00007031": "be expansions to section 230", "in38m6khAXI-00034-00007031-00007278": "new legislative frameworks or commitment", "in38m6khAXI-00035-00007279-00007495": "to industry-wide self-regulation", "in38m6khAXI-00036-00007495-00007806": "best practices the first", "in38m6khAXI-00037-00007808-00007983": "is requiring a services moderation", "in38m6khAXI-00038-00007984-00008199": "process to be published", "in38m6khAXI-00039-00008200-00008478": "our case is reported and reviewed our", "in38m6khAXI-00040-00008479-00008623": "decisions made", "in38m6khAXI-00041-00008624-00008878": "what tools are used to enforce", "in38m6khAXI-00042-00008879-00009039": "publishing answers to questions like", "in38m6khAXI-00043-00009040-00009174": "these will make our process", "in38m6khAXI-00044-00009175-00009374": "more robust and accountable to the", "in38m6khAXI-00045-00009375-00009574": "people we serve", "in38m6khAXI-00046-00009575-00009719": "the second is requiring a", "in38m6khAXI-00047-00009720-00009878": "straightforward process to appeal", "in38m6khAXI-00048-00009879-00009959": "decisions", "in38m6khAXI-00049-00009960-00010278": "made by humans or by algorithms", "in38m6khAXI-00050-00010279-00010487": "this ensures people can let us know when", "in38m6khAXI-00051-00010488-00010623": "we don't get it right", "in38m6khAXI-00052-00010624-00010838": "so we can fix any mistakes and make our", "in38m6khAXI-00053-00010839-00010951": "processes better", "in38m6khAXI-00054-00010952-00011278": "in the future and finally much of the", "in38m6khAXI-00055-00011279-00011406": "content people see today", "in38m6khAXI-00056-00011407-00011646": "is determined by algorithms with very", "in38m6khAXI-00057-00011647-00011751": "little visibility", "in38m6khAXI-00058-00011752-00012038": "into how they choose what they show we", "in38m6khAXI-00059-00012039-00012142": "took a first step", "in38m6khAXI-00060-00012143-00012310": "in making this more transparent by", "in38m6khAXI-00061-00012311-00012510": "building a button to turn off our home", "in38m6khAXI-00062-00012511-00012855": "timeline algorithms it's a good start", "in38m6khAXI-00063-00012856-00012999": "but we're inspired by the market", "in38m6khAXI-00064-00013000-00013271": "approach suggested by dr stephen wolfram", "in38m6khAXI-00065-00013272-00013615": "before this committee in june 2019", "in38m6khAXI-00066-00013616-00013799": "enabling people to choose algorithms", "in38m6khAXI-00067-00013800-00013991": "created by third parties to rank and", "in38m6khAXI-00068-00013991-00014127": "filter their content", "in38m6khAXI-00069-00014128-00014358": "is an incredibly energizing idea that's", "in38m6khAXI-00070-00014359-00014551": "in reach", "in38m6khAXI-00071-00014552-00014879": "requiring one moderation process and", "in38m6khAXI-00072-00014880-00015079": "practices to be published", "in38m6khAXI-00073-00015080-00015358": "two a straightforward process to appeal", "in38m6khAXI-00074-00015359-00015463": "decisions", "in38m6khAXI-00075-00015463-00015671": "and three best efforts around", "in38m6khAXI-00076-00015672-00015855": "algorithmic choice", "in38m6khAXI-00077-00015856-00016063": "are suggestions to address the concerns", "in38m6khAXI-00078-00016063-00016255": "we all have going forward", "in38m6khAXI-00079-00016256-00016422": "and they're all achievable in short", "in38m6khAXI-00080-00016423-00016558": "order", "in38m6khAXI-00081-00016559-00016727": "it's critical as we consider these", "in38m6khAXI-00082-00016728-00017030": "solutions we optimize for new startups", "in38m6khAXI-00083-00017031-00017286": "and independent developers doing so", "in38m6khAXI-00084-00017287-00017439": "ensures a level playing field", "in38m6khAXI-00085-00017440-00017599": "that increases the probability of", "in38m6khAXI-00086-00017600-00017911": "competing ideas to help solve problems", "in38m6khAXI-00087-00017912-00018063": "we mustn't entrench the largest", "in38m6khAXI-00088-00018064-00018271": "companies any further", "in38m6khAXI-00089-00018272-00018414": "thank you for the time and i look", "in38m6khAXI-00090-00018415-00018583": "forward to a productive discussion to", "in38m6khAXI-00091-00018584-00018679": "dig into these", "in38m6khAXI-00092-00018680-00019223": "and other ideas"}}, {"audio_id": "in-qouwVPV0", "text": {"in-qouwVPV0-00000-00000008-00000238": "okay i think we can um go ahead and get", "in-qouwVPV0-00001-00000239-00000430": "started welcome everyone", "in-qouwVPV0-00002-00000431-00000655": "um i'm kira papa i'm an assistant", "in-qouwVPV0-00003-00000656-00000902": "professor at nyu school of medicine", "in-qouwVPV0-00004-00000903-00001119": "and on behalf of my co-organizers", "in-qouwVPV0-00005-00001120-00001439": "jessica polka and jesus torres vasquez", "in-qouwVPV0-00006-00001440-00001630": "i would like to warmly welcome you to", "in-qouwVPV0-00007-00001632-00001855": "this event where we'll be focusing on", "in-qouwVPV0-00008-00001855-00002071": "journal independent peer review via", "in-qouwVPV0-00009-00002072-00002247": "review conference", "in-qouwVPV0-00010-00002248-00002534": "today we had more than 300 participants", "in-qouwVPV0-00011-00002535-00002742": "registered and you represent", "in-qouwVPV0-00012-00002743-00003118": "trainees staff faculty editors educators", "in-qouwVPV0-00013-00003119-00003351": "and others involved in the life sciences", "in-qouwVPV0-00014-00003352-00003606": "community from all over the world", "in-qouwVPV0-00015-00003607-00003822": "as we know the way in which we", "in-qouwVPV0-00016-00003823-00003959": "communicate science", "in-qouwVPV0-00017-00003960-00004175": "and publish papers is evolving and i", "in-qouwVPV0-00018-00004176-00004383": "think it's necessary and wonderful to", "in-qouwVPV0-00019-00004384-00004519": "gather a group", "in-qouwVPV0-00020-00004520-00004759": "of diverse people to really discuss", "in-qouwVPV0-00021-00004760-00004951": "different opinions and ideas", "in-qouwVPV0-00022-00004952-00005215": "and i also really love that this virtual", "in-qouwVPV0-00023-00005216-00005422": "format allows us to just break down the", "in-qouwVPV0-00024-00005423-00005543": "barriers between", "in-qouwVPV0-00025-00005544-00005815": "institutions locations and positions", "in-qouwVPV0-00026-00005816-00005999": "that we all hold in the community in", "in-qouwVPV0-00027-00006000-00006151": "order to do this", "in-qouwVPV0-00028-00006152-00006367": "so before we get started i'm just gonna", "in-qouwVPV0-00029-00006368-00006486": "go through some", "in-qouwVPV0-00030-00006487-00006823": "uh logistics of this event um", "in-qouwVPV0-00031-00006823-00006983": "okay so we really want this to be an", "in-qouwVPV0-00032-00006984-00007127": "interactive event", "in-qouwVPV0-00033-00007128-00007351": "please use the q a feature that you'll", "in-qouwVPV0-00034-00007352-00007463": "find at the bottom", "in-qouwVPV0-00035-00007464-00007767": "of your screen to ask questions and feel", "in-qouwVPV0-00036-00007768-00008070": "free to pop in a question at any time", "in-qouwVPV0-00037-00008072-00008231": "thank you to those of you who already", "in-qouwVPV0-00038-00008232-00008407": "submitted questions with your", "in-qouwVPV0-00039-00008408-00008510": "registration", "in-qouwVPV0-00040-00008511-00008767": "and we'll address those if you would", "in-qouwVPV0-00041-00008768-00008910": "like to address your question to a", "in-qouwVPV0-00042-00008911-00009135": "specific panelist please note that and", "in-qouwVPV0-00043-00009136-00009231": "the way it'll work", "in-qouwVPV0-00044-00009232-00009478": "is that jesus our moderator will call", "in-qouwVPV0-00045-00009479-00009583": "out your question", "in-qouwVPV0-00046-00009584-00009910": "um and it will be answered so when you", "in-qouwVPV0-00047-00009911-00010006": "go into the q a", "in-qouwVPV0-00048-00010007-00010199": "panel you'll also see a like button", "in-qouwVPV0-00049-00010200-00010383": "there which will allow you to upvote", "in-qouwVPV0-00050-00010384-00010599": "questions and so if you see a question", "in-qouwVPV0-00051-00010600-00010742": "that you would also like to know the", "in-qouwVPV0-00052-00010743-00010927": "answer to please go ahead and click the", "in-qouwVPV0-00053-00010928-00011023": "like button", "in-qouwVPV0-00054-00011024-00011246": "that'll um help us to sort the questions", "in-qouwVPV0-00055-00011247-00011487": "by popularity and we'll address them", "in-qouwVPV0-00056-00011488-00011623": "in the order that people are most", "in-qouwVPV0-00057-00011624-00011863": "interested to hear the answers", "in-qouwVPV0-00058-00011864-00012151": "this webinar is also being recorded and", "in-qouwVPV0-00059-00012152-00012191": "so", "in-qouwVPV0-00060-00012192-00012431": "you do have the option to be anonymous", "in-qouwVPV0-00061-00012432-00012591": "and if you would like to be anonymous", "in-qouwVPV0-00062-00012592-00012815": "your voice and name will not appear", "in-qouwVPV0-00063-00012816-00013143": "on the recording and so to do this just", "in-qouwVPV0-00064-00013144-00013183": "click", "in-qouwVPV0-00065-00013184-00013463": "the uh send anonymously button when you", "in-qouwVPV0-00066-00013463-00013727": "ask a question", "in-qouwVPV0-00067-00013728-00013927": "we have a lot of people here and we're", "in-qouwVPV0-00068-00013928-00014119": "really happy to have will have a lot of", "in-qouwVPV0-00069-00014119-00014311": "different opinions and we ask that", "in-qouwVPV0-00070-00014312-00014455": "you're during the question and", "in-qouwVPV0-00071-00014456-00014622": "discussion everyone to please", "in-qouwVPV0-00072-00014623-00014807": "make an effort to be professional and", "in-qouwVPV0-00073-00014808-00015079": "courteous please also don't discuss", "in-qouwVPV0-00074-00015080-00015294": "confidential details about manuscripts", "in-qouwVPV0-00075-00015295-00015694": "you're reviewing and so on and", "in-qouwVPV0-00076-00015695-00016022": "with that i will hand it over to jessica", "in-qouwVPV0-00077-00016023-00016158": "who's going to", "in-qouwVPV0-00078-00016159-00016527": "moderate for us thank you so much", "in-qouwVPV0-00079-00016528-00016863": "um so as i will share that", "in-qouwVPV0-00080-00016864-00017119": "slide once again just to give you a", "in-qouwVPV0-00081-00017120-00017167": "sense", "in-qouwVPV0-00082-00017168-00017639": "of the uh the agenda for today", "in-qouwVPV0-00083-00017640-00017958": "so what i hope you can now see is that", "in-qouwVPV0-00084-00017959-00018199": "uh first we're going to be hearing from", "in-qouwVPV0-00085-00018200-00018430": "ron vale and maria lupton who will tell", "in-qouwVPV0-00086-00018431-00018614": "us about the motivation for", "in-qouwVPV0-00087-00018615-00018975": "review commons and next sarah monaco", "in-qouwVPV0-00088-00018976-00019127": "who is the managing editor for review", "in-qouwVPV0-00089-00019128-00019294": "commons will", "in-qouwVPV0-00090-00019295-00019558": "uh discuss sort of how uh how it's", "in-qouwVPV0-00091-00019559-00019683": "working and", "in-qouwVPV0-00092-00019684-00019879": "tomaszlenberger we'll talk about", "in-qouwVPV0-00093-00019880-00020271": "evaluating review commons", "in-qouwVPV0-00094-00020272-00020494": "i should mention that ron bale and maria", "in-qouwVPV0-00095-00020495-00020591": "lepton are", "in-qouwVPV0-00096-00020592-00020903": "uh sort of the founders of this project", "in-qouwVPV0-00097-00020904-00021263": "with ron uh serving um at genealia and", "in-qouwVPV0-00098-00021264-00021550": "maria lepton as director of embo", "in-qouwVPV0-00099-00021551-00021694": "and following that we're going to have a", "in-qouwVPV0-00100-00021695-00021950": "panel to hear from author reviewer and", "in-qouwVPV0-00101-00021951-00022119": "affiliate editor perspectives", "in-qouwVPV0-00102-00022120-00022463": "um so we're going to hear jira will give", "in-qouwVPV0-00103-00022464-00022622": "us the uh", "in-qouwVPV0-00104-00022623-00022807": "perspective of an author maureen murphy", "in-qouwVPV0-00105-00022808-00022927": "will provide", "in-qouwVPV0-00106-00022928-00023175": "the perspective of an affiliate editor", "in-qouwVPV0-00107-00023176-00023247": "she's at the", "in-qouwVPV0-00108-00023248-00023542": "vistar institute and also elife and rita", "in-qouwVPV0-00109-00023543-00023758": "torre from university of nottingham", "in-qouwVPV0-00110-00023759-00023999": "will provide the reviewer perspective", "in-qouwVPV0-00111-00024000-00024135": "and following this", "in-qouwVPV0-00112-00024136-00024447": "jesus will moderate a discussion", "in-qouwVPV0-00113-00024448-00024614": "simulated by the questions that you", "in-qouwVPV0-00114-00024615-00024871": "submit so without further ado", "in-qouwVPV0-00115-00024872-00025103": "i will invite ron to tell us a bit about", "in-qouwVPV0-00116-00025104-00025503": "the motivation for review commons", "in-qouwVPV0-00117-00025504-00025878": "great um thank you very much", "in-qouwVPV0-00118-00025879-00026199": "jessica um i'm just going to", "in-qouwVPV0-00119-00026200-00026518": "and welcome everyone i'm just going to", "in-qouwVPV0-00120-00026519-00026935": "share my screen right now", "in-qouwVPV0-00121-00026936-00027262": "anyway i do want to thank everyone who", "in-qouwVPV0-00122-00027263-00027518": "is really taking their time to", "in-qouwVPV0-00123-00027519-00027727": "participate and is obviously interested", "in-qouwVPV0-00124-00027727-00027807": "in the future", "in-qouwVPV0-00125-00027808-00028207": "of the publication system", "in-qouwVPV0-00126-00028208-00028583": "so uh review comments really began", "in-qouwVPV0-00127-00028583-00028902": "um as a thought that emerged", "in-qouwVPV0-00128-00028904-00029311": "at this 2018 meeting", "in-qouwVPV0-00129-00029312-00029614": "which was held at howard hughes medical", "in-qouwVPV0-00130-00029616-00029727": "institute", "in-qouwVPV0-00131-00029727-00030214": "it was organized by asap bio", "in-qouwVPV0-00132-00030216-00030502": "where jessica is the executive director", "in-qouwVPV0-00133-00030503-00030727": "hhmi and the welcome trust", "in-qouwVPV0-00134-00030727-00031079": "and it was a gathering of", "in-qouwVPV0-00135-00031080-00031390": "scientists and funders and", "in-qouwVPV0-00136-00031391-00031814": "journals and", "in-qouwVPV0-00137-00031816-00032055": "other parts of administration of", "in-qouwVPV0-00138-00032056-00032262": "university systems and we all came", "in-qouwVPV0-00139-00032263-00032431": "together to really talk about", "in-qouwVPV0-00140-00032432-00032799": "peer review uh and how to make uh", "in-qouwVPV0-00141-00032800-00033055": "peer review constructive transparent and", "in-qouwVPV0-00142-00033056-00033246": "efficient", "in-qouwVPV0-00143-00033247-00033518": "and i think we all believe that peer", "in-qouwVPV0-00144-00033519-00033574": "review", "in-qouwVPV0-00145-00033575-00033935": "is really necessary and an important", "in-qouwVPV0-00146-00033936-00034311": "foundation of the publishing system but", "in-qouwVPV0-00147-00034312-00034583": "uh it also has some problems that we're", "in-qouwVPV0-00148-00034584-00034727": "all aware of", "in-qouwVPV0-00149-00034728-00034983": "uh you know currently and i would say", "in-qouwVPV0-00150-00034984-00035255": "increasingly so over the past", "in-qouwVPV0-00151-00035256-00035583": "couple decades scientists are finding", "in-qouwVPV0-00152-00035584-00035735": "themselves submitting", "in-qouwVPV0-00153-00035736-00036207": "to multiple journals and", "in-qouwVPV0-00154-00036208-00036407": "you know all of these rounds of", "in-qouwVPV0-00155-00036408-00036607": "submissions to journals take enormous", "in-qouwVPV0-00156-00036608-00036687": "amount of our", "in-qouwVPV0-00157-00036688-00037095": "our time they involve multiple", "in-qouwVPV0-00158-00037096-00037327": "rounds of peer reviewers who have to", "in-qouwVPV0-00159-00037328-00037430": "review these", "in-qouwVPV0-00160-00037431-00037774": "and um and", "in-qouwVPV0-00161-00037775-00038062": "so it's basically ends up being very", "in-qouwVPV0-00162-00038063-00038135": "wasteful", "in-qouwVPV0-00163-00038136-00038495": "of sign of resources of scientists", "in-qouwVPV0-00164-00038496-00038718": "and it also delays uh the time of", "in-qouwVPV0-00165-00038719-00038895": "publication", "in-qouwVPV0-00166-00038896-00039255": "um and you know there have been", "in-qouwVPV0-00167-00039256-00039639": "some estimates of uh how much time", "in-qouwVPV0-00168-00039640-00039951": "has been devoted to uh duplicating peer", "in-qouwVPV0-00169-00039952-00040062": "review efforts", "in-qouwVPV0-00170-00040063-00040318": "and uh whether this is the precise time", "in-qouwVPV0-00171-00040319-00040502": "or not doesn't matter i think we all", "in-qouwVPV0-00172-00040503-00040830": "know that it's a very large number", "in-qouwVPV0-00173-00040831-00041143": "so uh you know this this", "in-qouwVPV0-00174-00041144-00041318": "just has to change if we're going to", "in-qouwVPV0-00175-00041319-00041471": "make peer review", "in-qouwVPV0-00176-00041472-00041815": "a sustainable and viable part of the", "in-qouwVPV0-00177-00041816-00042127": "uh publication enterprise", "in-qouwVPV0-00178-00042128-00042430": "um or we're going to hit you know a", "in-qouwVPV0-00179-00042431-00042574": "crisis of actually", "in-qouwVPV0-00180-00042575-00042855": "trying to get our scientific community", "in-qouwVPV0-00181-00042856-00043071": "to participate in peer review", "in-qouwVPV0-00182-00043072-00043199": "and one of the things that review", "in-qouwVPV0-00183-00043200-00043430": "commons is seeking to do is to eliminate", "in-qouwVPV0-00184-00043431-00043774": "uh this duplicative peer review", "in-qouwVPV0-00185-00043775-00044102": "uh but in addition to being wasteful i", "in-qouwVPV0-00186-00044103-00044287": "think it's also the quality of peer", "in-qouwVPV0-00187-00044288-00044462": "review that's important and and the", "in-qouwVPV0-00188-00044463-00044799": "notion that peer review is a public good", "in-qouwVPV0-00189-00044800-00045102": "so i think the way peer review exists is", "in-qouwVPV0-00190-00045103-00045143": "to", "in-qouwVPV0-00191-00045144-00045407": "improve science and to do that we really", "in-qouwVPV0-00192-00045408-00045623": "need to focus on the science and and", "in-qouwVPV0-00193-00045624-00045799": "peer review the science", "in-qouwVPV0-00194-00045800-00045999": "and not just act as advisors for", "in-qouwVPV0-00195-00046000-00046143": "journals um", "in-qouwVPV0-00196-00046144-00046439": "i think we've all had experiences where", "in-qouwVPV0-00197-00046440-00046590": "most of the reviews that have been", "in-qouwVPV0-00198-00046591-00046895": "returned have been focusing on", "in-qouwVPV0-00199-00046896-00047086": "solely the appropriateness of a", "in-qouwVPV0-00200-00047087-00047199": "particular", "in-qouwVPV0-00201-00047200-00047535": "paper for a particular journal and", "in-qouwVPV0-00202-00047536-00047967": "ignored a lot of the constructive uh", "in-qouwVPV0-00203-00047968-00048239": "evaluation of the science itself and", "in-qouwVPV0-00204-00048240-00048446": "this is something that has to change and", "in-qouwVPV0-00205-00048447-00048639": "here's even a quote from vivian siegel", "in-qouwVPV0-00206-00048640-00048774": "who's an", "in-qouwVPV0-00207-00048775-00049071": "uh editor for many journals but she said", "in-qouwVPV0-00208-00049072-00049239": "when a journal is new peer review takes", "in-qouwVPV0-00209-00049240-00049455": "on a new quality reviewers", "in-qouwVPV0-00210-00049456-00049615": "would write i don't know how to advise", "in-qouwVPV0-00211-00049616-00049735": "you because i don't know what the", "in-qouwVPV0-00212-00049736-00049871": "standards are what you're", "in-qouwVPV0-00213-00049872-00050062": "what you want in your journal so i guess", "in-qouwVPV0-00214-00050063-00050190": "i'll just tell you the strengths and", "in-qouwVPV0-00215-00050191-00050367": "weaknesses of a paper and then have you", "in-qouwVPV0-00216-00050368-00050495": "decide", "in-qouwVPV0-00217-00050496-00050686": "um and the authors remarked that the", "in-qouwVPV0-00218-00050687-00050871": "reviews these reviews were unusually", "in-qouwVPV0-00219-00050872-00050999": "constructive", "in-qouwVPV0-00220-00051000-00051223": "uh whether we choose to accept the paper", "in-qouwVPV0-00221-00051224-00051358": "or not so", "in-qouwVPV0-00222-00051359-00051599": "um you know that review peer review is", "in-qouwVPV0-00223-00051600-00051726": "an experiment to", "in-qouwVPV0-00224-00051727-00051919": "you know review for the author review", "in-qouwVPV0-00225-00051920-00052270": "for science and not a particular journal", "in-qouwVPV0-00226-00052271-00052494": "and the last thing that i think we're", "in-qouwVPV0-00227-00052495-00052671": "trying to do here is recognizing the", "in-qouwVPV0-00228-00052672-00052759": "fact that", "in-qouwVPV0-00229-00052760-00053063": "um you know a lot of the", "in-qouwVPV0-00230-00053064-00053423": "the peer reviewing uh occurs but", "in-qouwVPV0-00231-00053424-00053630": "is lost it's it's lost from the", "in-qouwVPV0-00232-00053632-00053735": "scholarly", "in-qouwVPV0-00233-00053736-00054030": "record completely and this is something", "in-qouwVPV0-00234-00054032-00054063": "much", "in-qouwVPV0-00235-00054064-00054254": "broader than review commons but it's", "in-qouwVPV0-00236-00054255-00054366": "also something that", "in-qouwVPV0-00237-00054367-00054566": "review comments is trying to encourage", "in-qouwVPV0-00238-00054567-00054830": "is a transparent peer review", "in-qouwVPV0-00239-00054832-00055023": "and the concept of referee preprints", "in-qouwVPV0-00240-00055024-00055199": "that you'll hear about later", "in-qouwVPV0-00241-00055200-00055487": "so with that i'll pass you on to maria", "in-qouwVPV0-00242-00055488-00055623": "and she'll kind of give you", "in-qouwVPV0-00243-00055624-00055807": "a little bit more of the history of the", "in-qouwVPV0-00244-00055808-00056479": "project and how we got to where we are", "in-qouwVPV0-00245-00056479-00057487": "oh you're muted", "in-qouwVPV0-00246-00057488-00058023": "you're uh", "in-qouwVPV0-00247-00058024-00058175": "right i'll start from scratch sorry", "in-qouwVPV0-00248-00058176-00058335": "about that right um", "in-qouwVPV0-00249-00058336-00058575": "thank you ron for being for for getting", "in-qouwVPV0-00250-00058576-00058671": "us this far and", "in-qouwVPV0-00251-00058672-00058847": "thank you gira and jessica for", "in-qouwVPV0-00252-00058848-00059023": "organizing it really fantastic", "in-qouwVPV0-00253-00059024-00059182": "and i'm so pleased that there's so much", "in-qouwVPV0-00254-00059183-00059366": "interest um", "in-qouwVPV0-00255-00059367-00059519": "we certainly are interested in this", "in-qouwVPV0-00256-00059520-00059711": "project so it's good that that interest", "in-qouwVPV0-00257-00059712-00059854": "seems to be shared", "in-qouwVPV0-00258-00059855-00060079": "as ron said this started at asap bio", "in-qouwVPV0-00259-00060079-00060254": "which was an amazing meeting because it", "in-qouwVPV0-00260-00060255-00060503": "was the first time scientists funders", "in-qouwVPV0-00261-00060504-00060854": "and a lot of people uh got together and", "in-qouwVPV0-00262-00060855-00061159": "loudly voiced", "in-qouwVPV0-00263-00061160-00061471": "many of the concerns we had the one", "in-qouwVPV0-00264-00061472-00061654": "tangible outcome from that meeting", "in-qouwVPV0-00265-00061655-00061799": "immediately was something we should", "in-qouwVPV0-00266-00061800-00062135": "not underestimate um and which became a", "in-qouwVPV0-00267-00062136-00062294": "fantastic achievement", "in-qouwVPV0-00268-00062295-00062623": "namely the uh role that bioarchive plays", "in-qouwVPV0-00269-00062624-00062863": "now that really came out of that meeting", "in-qouwVPV0-00270-00062864-00063223": "uh people agreed there and then", "in-qouwVPV0-00271-00063224-00063550": "that more posting should be done", "in-qouwVPV0-00272-00063551-00063847": "journals agreed there and then that uh", "in-qouwVPV0-00273-00063848-00064087": "public posting of manuscripts prior to", "in-qouwVPV0-00274-00064088-00064215": "publication", "in-qouwVPV0-00275-00064216-00064559": "uh would not uh pre-prejudge", "in-qouwVPV0-00276-00064560-00064782": "the way the journals most journals at", "in-qouwVPV0-00277-00064783-00064871": "the time", "in-qouwVPV0-00278-00064872-00065054": "certain journals didn't agree took them", "in-qouwVPV0-00279-00065055-00065279": "a long time grudgingly to accept this", "in-qouwVPV0-00280-00065279-00065454": "but anyway so that was the first huge", "in-qouwVPV0-00281-00065455-00065623": "achievement and we were actually very", "in-qouwVPV0-00282-00065624-00065735": "happy with it", "in-qouwVPV0-00283-00065736-00066015": "but the the irk that some things were", "in-qouwVPV0-00284-00066016-00066182": "still not working and still not being", "in-qouwVPV0-00285-00066183-00066238": "addressed", "in-qouwVPV0-00286-00066239-00066575": "namely peer review um", "in-qouwVPV0-00287-00066576-00066791": "was still there and it didn't seem", "in-qouwVPV0-00288-00066792-00067015": "possible to find a consensus", "in-qouwVPV0-00289-00067016-00067319": "so one day when i was at ucsf giving a", "in-qouwVPV0-00290-00067320-00067431": "talk um", "in-qouwVPV0-00291-00067432-00067775": "i uh you know i obviously went to see uh", "in-qouwVPV0-00292-00067776-00067950": "ron as well and i said i'm so tired", "in-qouwVPV0-00293-00067951-00068191": "let's just talk about science and ron", "in-qouwVPV0-00294-00068192-00068231": "said", "in-qouwVPV0-00295-00068232-00068471": "yes let's talk about science he just got", "in-qouwVPV0-00296-00068472-00068679": "some really exciting new data", "in-qouwVPV0-00297-00068680-00068894": "and we started on that and then either", "in-qouwVPV0-00298-00068895-00069047": "he or she had but you know it really", "in-qouwVPV0-00299-00069048-00069159": "still irks me", "in-qouwVPV0-00300-00069160-00069359": "and ron said yeah it really still hurts", "in-qouwVPV0-00301-00069360-00069487": "me too look couldn't we try this", "in-qouwVPV0-00302-00069488-00069615": "couldn't we try that", "in-qouwVPV0-00303-00069616-00069847": "and so we thought about how we could", "in-qouwVPV0-00304-00069848-00070082": "reintroduce the idea of", "in-qouwVPV0-00305-00070083-00070479": "having this journal agnostic review a", "in-qouwVPV0-00306-00070480-00070582": "review", "in-qouwVPV0-00307-00070583-00070894": "that was quick and that made the", "in-qouwVPV0-00308-00070895-00071231": "resulting reviews portable and i mean", "in-qouwVPV0-00309-00071232-00071559": "again the science was short changed", "in-qouwVPV0-00310-00071560-00071887": "but what's come out is this here so we", "in-qouwVPV0-00311-00071888-00072062": "did come up with an idea", "in-qouwVPV0-00312-00072063-00072255": "at the time and i think i still either", "in-qouwVPV0-00313-00072256-00072455": "have the photograph of your whiteboard", "in-qouwVPV0-00314-00072456-00072606": "in your office run", "in-qouwVPV0-00315-00072607-00072847": "um or the or the drawings we made later", "in-qouwVPV0-00316-00072848-00072959": "here", "in-qouwVPV0-00317-00072960-00073199": "it was not easy because you have to find", "in-qouwVPV0-00318-00073200-00073303": "the consensus", "in-qouwVPV0-00319-00073304-00073567": "and of course the idea of a portable", "in-qouwVPV0-00320-00073568-00073687": "peer review", "in-qouwVPV0-00321-00073688-00074006": "is the better the more journals you had", "in-qouwVPV0-00322-00074007-00074079": "to", "in-qouwVPV0-00323-00074080-00074423": "uh to join and i know that some of the", "in-qouwVPV0-00324-00074424-00074719": "uh questions that have been written in", "in-qouwVPV0-00325-00074720-00074750": "uh", "in-qouwVPV0-00326-00074751-00074919": "concern that issue so we'll have an", "in-qouwVPV0-00327-00074920-00075159": "opportunity to talk about that later", "in-qouwVPV0-00328-00075160-00075559": "um we decided then initially to talk to", "in-qouwVPV0-00329-00075560-00075743": "journals we knew were in some way", "in-qouwVPV0-00330-00075744-00076055": "like-minded so all the participants", "in-qouwVPV0-00331-00076056-00076271": "at the moment all our partner journals", "in-qouwVPV0-00332-00076272-00076399": "our affiliates", "in-qouwVPV0-00333-00076400-00076719": "are all people who um are all journals", "in-qouwVPV0-00334-00076720-00076759": "who", "in-qouwVPV0-00335-00076760-00077071": "were prepared to take on some of the", "in-qouwVPV0-00336-00077072-00077159": "conditions", "in-qouwVPV0-00337-00077160-00077494": "that are necessary i.e ultimately to", "in-qouwVPV0-00338-00077495-00077806": "uh to publish the reviews", "in-qouwVPV0-00339-00077807-00078135": "um to do to be engaged in in", "in-qouwVPV0-00340-00078136-00078423": "um open peer review and to accept the", "in-qouwVPV0-00341-00078424-00078559": "entire process", "in-qouwVPV0-00342-00078560-00078855": "so um perhaps i i'll keep this short", "in-qouwVPV0-00343-00078856-00079015": "because i really care that that we have", "in-qouwVPV0-00344-00079016-00079199": "time for questions later on", "in-qouwVPV0-00345-00079200-00079615": "um but i just want to also reiterate one", "in-qouwVPV0-00346-00079616-00079671": "thing", "in-qouwVPV0-00347-00079672-00080031": "uh so as ron said uh our major concern", "in-qouwVPV0-00348-00080032-00080191": "was really to make the peer review", "in-qouwVPV0-00349-00080192-00080311": "process more", "in-qouwVPV0-00350-00080312-00080631": "efficient not to waste reviewers time", "in-qouwVPV0-00351-00080632-00080879": "you know we all get papers to review and", "in-qouwVPV0-00352-00080880-00081038": "we review from different journals", "in-qouwVPV0-00353-00081039-00081247": "complete waste of time", "in-qouwVPV0-00354-00081248-00081526": "authors time of responding to ludicrous", "in-qouwVPV0-00355-00081527-00081591": "things", "in-qouwVPV0-00356-00081592-00081950": "uh journals time you know the number of", "in-qouwVPV0-00357-00081951-00082262": "the amount of time that journals spend", "in-qouwVPV0-00358-00082263-00082526": "handling editing is you you may not be", "in-qouwVPV0-00359-00082527-00082694": "aware of that because a lot of time", "in-qouwVPV0-00360-00082695-00082879": "costs a lot of money so that was one", "in-qouwVPV0-00361-00082880-00083111": "thing the transparency is the other i", "in-qouwVPV0-00362-00083112-00083326": "that is an absolute condition of this", "in-qouwVPV0-00363-00083327-00083462": "but the quality", "in-qouwVPV0-00364-00083463-00083831": "so um it's actually interesting and", "in-qouwVPV0-00365-00083832-00083887": "maybe", "in-qouwVPV0-00366-00083888-00084071": "uh sarah and thomas will talk about that", "in-qouwVPV0-00367-00084072-00084287": "a little more when i've talked to", "in-qouwVPV0-00368-00084288-00084599": "uh people about this project", "in-qouwVPV0-00369-00084600-00084943": "they're very puzzled about um", "in-qouwVPV0-00370-00084944-00085294": "how to review and uh ask this question", "in-qouwVPV0-00371-00085295-00085462": "well if i don't know what's journal", "in-qouwVPV0-00372-00085463-00085759": "what journal this is for how do i review", "in-qouwVPV0-00373-00085760-00085926": "and in fact what i've noticed", "in-qouwVPV0-00374-00085927-00086231": "is that some younger scientists because", "in-qouwVPV0-00375-00086232-00086455": "they've grown up in this environment", "in-qouwVPV0-00376-00086456-00086767": "think it is the duty of the reviewer to", "in-qouwVPV0-00377-00086768-00086855": "judge", "in-qouwVPV0-00378-00086856-00087079": "whether the paper is right for the", "in-qouwVPV0-00379-00087080-00087262": "journal for which they're reviewing", "in-qouwVPV0-00380-00087263-00087567": "it's completely ludicrous i mean what", "in-qouwVPV0-00381-00087568-00087615": "does an", "in-qouwVPV0-00382-00087616-00087943": "editor do the form yeah don't get me", "in-qouwVPV0-00383-00087944-00087991": "going", "in-qouwVPV0-00384-00087992-00088215": "anyway so i think it's it's it's a", "in-qouwVPV0-00385-00088216-00088335": "really good experiment", "in-qouwVPV0-00386-00088336-00088671": "for also retraining everybody to remind", "in-qouwVPV0-00387-00088672-00088894": "ourselves what the purpose of peer", "in-qouwVPV0-00388-00088895-00088991": "review is", "in-qouwVPV0-00389-00088992-00089223": "it's to judge the quality and the", "in-qouwVPV0-00390-00089224-00089471": "veracity of the science", "in-qouwVPV0-00391-00089472-00089726": "and so in fact i think this has to be", "in-qouwVPV0-00392-00089727-00089894": "clear we are running this as an", "in-qouwVPV0-00393-00089895-00090015": "experiment", "in-qouwVPV0-00394-00090016-00090262": "we've got funding for a year we will", "in-qouwVPV0-00395-00090263-00090462": "have to see how this is taken up", "in-qouwVPV0-00396-00090463-00090615": "how other journals how all the", "in-qouwVPV0-00397-00090616-00090799": "participating journals feel about it how", "in-qouwVPV0-00398-00090800-00090967": "the community feels about it", "in-qouwVPV0-00399-00090968-00091191": "and then how we're going to come up with", "in-qouwVPV0-00400-00091192-00091438": "a sustainable model for this", "in-qouwVPV0-00401-00091439-00091750": "so i think um this is", "in-qouwVPV0-00402-00091751-00091991": "still rapidly evolving we're constantly", "in-qouwVPV0-00403-00091992-00092118": "talking about it", "in-qouwVPV0-00404-00092119-00092262": "we're talking about it with all our", "in-qouwVPV0-00405-00092263-00092455": "wonderful affiliate journal", "in-qouwVPV0-00406-00092456-00092759": "editors who've bought into this project", "in-qouwVPV0-00407-00092760-00092943": "and so your feedback and your questions", "in-qouwVPV0-00408-00092944-00093150": "will actually be important and of great", "in-qouwVPV0-00409-00093151-00093399": "interest for us", "in-qouwVPV0-00410-00093400-00093679": "thank you so much maria and ron uh it's", "in-qouwVPV0-00411-00093680-00093871": "a very helpful introduction", "in-qouwVPV0-00412-00093872-00094071": "to put into context the next two talks", "in-qouwVPV0-00413-00094072-00094287": "we're gonna hear um in the next 15", "in-qouwVPV0-00414-00094288-00094494": "minutes we're going to be hearing about", "in-qouwVPV0-00415-00094495-00094750": "mechanics and the evaluation of review", "in-qouwVPV0-00416-00094751-00094823": "commons", "in-qouwVPV0-00417-00094824-00095047": "so first i'd like to hand it over to", "in-qouwVPV0-00418-00095048-00095182": "sarah monaco", "in-qouwVPV0-00419-00095183-00095350": "managing editor for review commons who", "in-qouwVPV0-00420-00095351-00095494": "will tell us about", "in-qouwVPV0-00421-00095495-00095838": "how the system works hello everybody", "in-qouwVPV0-00422-00095839-00096094": "thanks a lot for being here so my name", "in-qouwVPV0-00423-00096095-00096238": "is sarah monaco and i'm the managing", "in-qouwVPV0-00424-00096239-00096367": "editor of review commons", "in-qouwVPV0-00425-00096368-00096662": "and i will tell you now how review", "in-qouwVPV0-00426-00096663-00096767": "commons", "in-qouwVPV0-00427-00096768-00097103": "works so review commons is", "in-qouwVPV0-00428-00097104-00097391": "a peer review platform which runs peer", "in-qouwVPV0-00429-00097392-00097455": "review", "in-qouwVPV0-00430-00097456-00097662": "before journal submission it was", "in-qouwVPV0-00431-00097663-00097887": "launched in december 2019", "in-qouwVPV0-00432-00097888-00098079": "is a collaboration between ambo and as", "in-qouwVPV0-00433-00098080-00098367": "azabayo it's operated by ambo press", "in-qouwVPV0-00434-00098368-00098599": "and at the moment is uh completely free", "in-qouwVPV0-00435-00098600-00098671": "of charge", "in-qouwVPV0-00436-00098672-00098918": "for orders and and journals because it's", "in-qouwVPV0-00437-00098919-00098999": "founded", "in-qouwVPV0-00438-00099000-00099374": "by a grant from the helmsley trust", "in-qouwVPV0-00439-00099375-00099623": "so uh um review comments is an", "in-qouwVPV0-00440-00099624-00099782": "experimental project", "in-qouwVPV0-00441-00099783-00100062": "and um it's it is aimed to bring some", "in-qouwVPV0-00442-00100063-00100262": "innovation into the publishing", "in-qouwVPV0-00443-00100263-00100415": "system and in particular in the peer", "in-qouwVPV0-00444-00100416-00100662": "review system so the traditional peer", "in-qouwVPV0-00445-00100663-00100735": "review", "in-qouwVPV0-00446-00100736-00101023": "has some issue as maria and ron has have", "in-qouwVPV0-00447-00101024-00101087": "already", "in-qouwVPV0-00448-00101088-00101335": "uh discussed and one of the main issue", "in-qouwVPV0-00449-00101336-00101438": "is that", "in-qouwVPV0-00450-00101439-00101662": "a lot of papers undergo multiple rounds", "in-qouwVPV0-00451-00101663-00101831": "of reviews so they are really", "in-qouwVPV0-00452-00101832-00102055": "reviewed independently many times at", "in-qouwVPV0-00453-00102056-00102206": "many journals", "in-qouwVPV0-00454-00102207-00102399": "leading to a huge waste of time for the", "in-qouwVPV0-00455-00102400-00102630": "researchers another problem is that the", "in-qouwVPV0-00456-00102631-00102830": "reviewers do not only evaluate the", "in-qouwVPV0-00457-00102831-00103063": "science but also a journal fit", "in-qouwVPV0-00458-00103064-00103302": "leading to an escalation of requests", "in-qouwVPV0-00459-00103303-00103502": "that are not focused on the scientific", "in-qouwVPV0-00460-00103503-00103566": "content", "in-qouwVPV0-00461-00103567-00103918": "of a manuscript but to satisfy specific", "in-qouwVPV0-00462-00103919-00104086": "criteria of a journal", "in-qouwVPV0-00463-00104088-00104423": "and also despite there are now many", "in-qouwVPV0-00464-00104424-00104478": "efforts", "in-qouwVPV0-00465-00104479-00104630": "to improve the transparency of peer", "in-qouwVPV0-00466-00104631-00104871": "review many journals", "in-qouwVPV0-00467-00104872-00105239": "still do not report uh the", "in-qouwVPV0-00468-00105240-00105519": "the reviewers publicly so review commons", "in-qouwVPV0-00469-00105520-00105671": "is aimed to overcome these", "in-qouwVPV0-00470-00105672-00105919": "issues and in particular the main goal", "in-qouwVPV0-00471-00105920-00106078": "of review commons is to improve the", "in-qouwVPV0-00472-00106079-00106175": "efficiency", "in-qouwVPV0-00473-00106176-00106375": "of the peer review system by avoiding", "in-qouwVPV0-00474-00106376-00106566": "serial re-review cycles", "in-qouwVPV0-00475-00106567-00106758": "to focus the peer review process", "in-qouwVPV0-00476-00106759-00106927": "exclusively on science", "in-qouwVPV0-00477-00106928-00107119": "and to improve the transparency of", "in-qouwVPV0-00478-00107120-00107231": "peer-reviewed", "in-qouwVPV0-00479-00107232-00107423": "research but let's see how review", "in-qouwVPV0-00480-00107424-00107558": "commons works", "in-qouwVPV0-00481-00107559-00107751": "so the two main features of review", "in-qouwVPV0-00482-00107752-00107871": "commons are", "in-qouwVPV0-00483-00107872-00108127": "a journal independent peer review and a", "in-qouwVPV0-00484-00108128-00108319": "consortium including 17 different", "in-qouwVPV0-00485-00108320-00108407": "journals", "in-qouwVPV0-00486-00108408-00108534": "at review comments we receive", "in-qouwVPV0-00487-00108535-00108766": "manuscripts in form of the direct", "in-qouwVPV0-00488-00108767-00108863": "submission", "in-qouwVPV0-00489-00108864-00109166": "or as a preprints we do have an initial", "in-qouwVPV0-00490-00109167-00109239": "editorial", "in-qouwVPV0-00491-00109240-00109447": "selection that we do in consultation", "in-qouwVPV0-00492-00109448-00109647": "with our advisory board", "in-qouwVPV0-00493-00109648-00109847": "and the manuscript the manuscript that", "in-qouwVPV0-00494-00109848-00109975": "passed this selection", "in-qouwVPV0-00495-00109976-00110263": "are assigned to a reviewing editor who", "in-qouwVPV0-00496-00110264-00110534": "belongs to the ambopress team", "in-qouwVPV0-00497-00110535-00110719": "who runs the peer review and is in", "in-qouwVPV0-00498-00110720-00110878": "charge of finding the appropriate", "in-qouwVPV0-00499-00110879-00110999": "reviewers", "in-qouwVPV0-00500-00111000-00111231": "the reviewers are specifically asked", "in-qouwVPV0-00501-00111232-00111327": "from us", "in-qouwVPV0-00502-00111328-00111639": "to only evaluate the science", "in-qouwVPV0-00503-00111640-00111943": "in in a manuscript regardless from any", "in-qouwVPV0-00504-00111944-00112102": "possible journal fit", "in-qouwVPV0-00505-00112103-00112375": "when we receive the reviews back we", "in-qouwVPV0-00506-00112376-00112431": "simply", "in-qouwVPV0-00507-00112432-00112631": "send them to the orders without making", "in-qouwVPV0-00508-00112632-00112751": "any decision", "in-qouwVPV0-00509-00112752-00113039": "and the others have the uh the", "in-qouwVPV0-00510-00113040-00113278": "possibility to trigger the posting", "in-qouwVPV0-00511-00113279-00113566": "of the manuscript plus the reviews plus", "in-qouwVPV0-00512-00113567-00113678": "the responses", "in-qouwVPV0-00513-00113679-00113975": "on by archive giving rise to what we", "in-qouwVPV0-00514-00113976-00114007": "call", "in-qouwVPV0-00515-00114008-00114302": "a refereed preprint a refereed preprint", "in-qouwVPV0-00516-00114303-00114463": "is like the first outcome that you can", "in-qouwVPV0-00517-00114464-00114510": "have in", "in-qouwVPV0-00518-00114511-00114654": "in review comma so this is also", "in-qouwVPV0-00519-00114655-00114823": "independent from from", "in-qouwVPV0-00520-00114824-00114958": "publication and through the referee", "in-qouwVPV0-00521-00114959-00115199": "preprint you can have your", "in-qouwVPV0-00522-00115200-00115423": "your manuscript posted on my archive", "in-qouwVPV0-00523-00115424-00115551": "with the reviews", "in-qouwVPV0-00524-00115552-00115871": "giving it immediately more credibility", "in-qouwVPV0-00525-00115872-00116158": "uh the others can of course also submit", "in-qouwVPV0-00526-00116159-00116263": "the same document", "in-qouwVPV0-00527-00116264-00116599": "to one of our journals and if the first", "in-qouwVPV0-00528-00116600-00116702": "journal", "in-qouwVPV0-00529-00116703-00117095": "decides to not accept the paper the um", "in-qouwVPV0-00530-00117096-00117263": "the the others have the possibility to", "in-qouwVPV0-00531-00117264-00117439": "submit it immediately to a second", "in-qouwVPV0-00532-00117440-00117502": "journal", "in-qouwVPV0-00533-00117503-00117743": "with the same set of reviews using the", "in-qouwVPV0-00534-00117744-00117847": "same system", "in-qouwVPV0-00535-00117848-00118095": "and they can do that up to four times", "in-qouwVPV0-00536-00118096-00118239": "four times in the system of review", "in-qouwVPV0-00537-00118240-00118310": "commons", "in-qouwVPV0-00538-00118311-00118558": "and when the paper is finally published", "in-qouwVPV0-00539-00118559-00118727": "in one of the journals it is published", "in-qouwVPV0-00540-00118728-00118790": "along", "in-qouwVPV0-00541-00118791-00119102": "with the reviews so", "in-qouwVPV0-00542-00119103-00119454": "um in order to achieve the goal to", "in-qouwVPV0-00543-00119455-00119543": "improve", "in-qouwVPV0-00544-00119544-00119734": "the efficiency of the peer review we", "in-qouwVPV0-00545-00119735-00119854": "have eliminated", "in-qouwVPV0-00546-00119855-00120207": "this need of serial re-review cycles", "in-qouwVPV0-00547-00120208-00120383": "and this is possible because all", "in-qouwVPV0-00548-00120383-00120583": "participating journals", "in-qouwVPV0-00549-00120583-00120927": "agreed to use our possible our portable", "in-qouwVPV0-00550-00120928-00120999": "reviews", "in-qouwVPV0-00551-00121000-00121207": "without starting the process from", "in-qouwVPV0-00552-00121208-00121399": "scratch", "in-qouwVPV0-00553-00121400-00121551": "to achieve the goal to focus the peer", "in-qouwVPV0-00554-00121552-00121766": "review process only on science", "in-qouwVPV0-00555-00121767-00121934": "we have implemented a journal", "in-qouwVPV0-00556-00121935-00122127": "independent review", "in-qouwVPV0-00557-00122128-00122343": "for which we give clear instructions to", "in-qouwVPV0-00558-00122344-00122486": "the to the reviewers", "in-qouwVPV0-00559-00122488-00122734": "and that makes the reviews portable so", "in-qouwVPV0-00560-00122735-00122902": "more transferable between different", "in-qouwVPV0-00561-00122903-00123078": "journals because they are not meant", "in-qouwVPV0-00562-00123079-00123295": "to satisfy the specific criteria of a", "in-qouwVPV0-00563-00123296-00123543": "journal and to improve the transparency", "in-qouwVPV0-00564-00123544-00123695": "of peer-reviewed research", "in-qouwVPV0-00565-00123696-00123910": "we have the refereed preprint which are", "in-qouwVPV0-00566-00123911-00123999": "a great", "in-qouwVPV0-00567-00124000-00124247": "way to disseminate the peer-reviewed", "in-qouwVPV0-00568-00124248-00124439": "sciences of solid science", "in-qouwVPV0-00569-00124440-00124663": "immediately before waiting the long", "in-qouwVPV0-00570-00124664-00124751": "times of", "in-qouwVPV0-00571-00124752-00125134": "publications the scope of review commons", "in-qouwVPV0-00572-00125135-00125223": "is very broad", "in-qouwVPV0-00573-00125224-00125583": "it virtually covers all different fields", "in-qouwVPV0-00574-00125583-00125607": "of", "in-qouwVPV0-00575-00125608-00125823": "cellular molecular biology and you can", "in-qouwVPV0-00576-00125824-00126007": "see here in this box", "in-qouwVPV0-00577-00126008-00126783": "some of the topics that belong to our", "in-qouwVPV0-00578-00126783-00127086": "scope we only consider reviews for", "in-qouwVPV0-00579-00127088-00127183": "commentaries", "in-qouwVPV0-00580-00127183-00127407": "and we sent out for peer reviews all the", "in-qouwVPV0-00581-00127408-00127543": "manuscripts which represent a", "in-qouwVPV0-00582-00127544-00127599": "significant", "in-qouwVPV0-00583-00127600-00127790": "advance in the field and this includes", "in-qouwVPV0-00584-00127791-00128014": "new findings but also methods and", "in-qouwVPV0-00585-00128015-00128190": "resources", "in-qouwVPV0-00586-00128191-00128358": "the review commons editorial team is", "in-qouwVPV0-00587-00128359-00128566": "composed by myself", "in-qouwVPV0-00588-00128567-00128799": "by thomas lemberger that you will hear", "in-qouwVPV0-00589-00128800-00128886": "very soon", "in-qouwVPV0-00590-00128888-00129110": "and sharing nightline who is our", "in-qouwVPV0-00591-00129111-00129263": "editorial assistant", "in-qouwVPV0-00592-00129264-00129551": "we also have on board the embo press", "in-qouwVPV0-00593-00129552-00129743": "editors and we are very lucky to have", "in-qouwVPV0-00594-00129744-00129839": "them", "in-qouwVPV0-00595-00129840-00130039": "so the manuscript are assigned to them", "in-qouwVPV0-00596-00130040-00130254": "according to their field of expertise", "in-qouwVPV0-00597-00130255-00130423": "and this was very important for us", "in-qouwVPV0-00598-00130424-00130599": "because uh through", "in-qouwVPV0-00599-00130600-00130983": "the their established network of trusted", "in-qouwVPV0-00600-00130983-00131359": "uh reviewers of of ambo press we could", "in-qouwVPV0-00601-00131360-00131607": "offer immediately uh to the orders a", "in-qouwVPV0-00602-00131608-00131807": "very high quality peer review in in our", "in-qouwVPV0-00603-00131808-00131943": "platform", "in-qouwVPV0-00604-00131944-00132166": "as i said we also have an advisory board", "in-qouwVPV0-00605-00132167-00132327": "and academic advisory board", "in-qouwVPV0-00606-00132328-00132647": "who is composed by young", "in-qouwVPV0-00607-00132648-00132887": "group leaders that are very involved in", "in-qouwVPV0-00608-00132888-00133039": "the project in the project", "in-qouwVPV0-00609-00133040-00133271": "and who are providing us advices to", "in-qouwVPV0-00610-00133272-00133366": "decide", "in-qouwVPV0-00611-00133367-00133654": "uh whether to send out a manuscript to", "in-qouwVPV0-00612-00133655-00133863": "to peer review", "in-qouwVPV0-00613-00133864-00134111": "so to be very transparent about our", "in-qouwVPV0-00614-00134112-00134199": "criteria", "in-qouwVPV0-00615-00134200-00134519": "this is uh uh um what we ask our board", "in-qouwVPV0-00616-00134520-00134790": "in in the consultation so we ask first", "in-qouwVPV0-00617-00134791-00134943": "if the study is", "in-qouwVPV0-00618-00134944-00135102": "what is the value of the study in the", "in-qouwVPV0-00619-00135103-00135287": "field of research", "in-qouwVPV0-00620-00135288-00135511": "what is the significance and the advance", "in-qouwVPV0-00621-00135512-00135590": "in the field", "in-qouwVPV0-00622-00135591-00135766": "compared to the existing literature so", "in-qouwVPV0-00623-00135767-00135975": "what is the novelty and what is the", "in-qouwVPV0-00624-00135976-00136143": "likelihood of finding", "in-qouwVPV0-00625-00136144-00136414": "experts in the field that are willing to", "in-qouwVPV0-00626-00136415-00136511": "review", "in-qouwVPV0-00627-00136512-00136743": "the manuscript so i have to say that", "in-qouwVPV0-00628-00136744-00136854": "this consultation", "in-qouwVPV0-00629-00136855-00137175": "so far worked really well and we send", "in-qouwVPV0-00630-00137176-00137327": "out for peer review", "in-qouwVPV0-00631-00137328-00137566": "around 70 percent of the manuscript that", "in-qouwVPV0-00632-00137567-00137687": "was submitted", "in-qouwVPV0-00633-00137688-00138023": "to review commons so the journal", "in-qouwVPV0-00634-00138024-00138135": "independent", "in-qouwVPV0-00635-00138136-00138383": "review is one of the main feature of", "in-qouwVPV0-00636-00138384-00138535": "review commons but this is still a", "in-qouwVPV0-00637-00138536-00138623": "concept that", "in-qouwVPV0-00638-00138624-00138927": "is is new for uh for reviewers so", "in-qouwVPV0-00639-00138928-00139231": "to help them to articulate in", "in-qouwVPV0-00640-00139232-00139351": "reviews that are really durable", "in-qouwVPV0-00641-00139352-00139502": "independent we have created very", "in-qouwVPV0-00642-00139503-00139590": "detailed", "in-qouwVPV0-00643-00139591-00139919": "uh guidelines uh which um i mean", "in-qouwVPV0-00644-00139920-00140214": "uh these reviews include include two", "in-qouwVPV0-00645-00140215-00140271": "parts", "in-qouwVPV0-00646-00140272-00140511": "so the evidence reproducibility and", "in-qouwVPV0-00647-00140512-00140607": "clarity", "in-qouwVPV0-00648-00140608-00140863": "and the significance in the first part", "in-qouwVPV0-00649-00140864-00141047": "which is like the most technical part", "in-qouwVPV0-00650-00141048-00141239": "we ask the reviewers to evaluate the", "in-qouwVPV0-00651-00141240-00141399": "paper as it is", "in-qouwVPV0-00652-00141400-00141678": "and not as it should become to fit a", "in-qouwVPV0-00653-00141679-00141831": "certain journal level", "in-qouwVPV0-00654-00141832-00142214": "and to uh to comment on how convincing", "in-qouwVPV0-00655-00142215-00142471": "the conclusions are and to suggest new", "in-qouwVPV0-00656-00142472-00142551": "experiments", "in-qouwVPV0-00657-00142552-00142878": "only if they are necessary and realistic", "in-qouwVPV0-00658-00142879-00143095": "uh the significance part is also very", "in-qouwVPV0-00659-00143096-00143271": "important because it helps to put", "in-qouwVPV0-00660-00143272-00143535": "the the findings of a manuscript into a", "in-qouwVPV0-00661-00143536-00143671": "broader context", "in-qouwVPV0-00662-00143672-00143807": "and this is very useful for the", "in-qouwVPV0-00663-00143808-00143990": "receiving editors uh", "in-qouwVPV0-00664-00143991-00144319": "of the journals to to understand whether", "in-qouwVPV0-00665-00144320-00144583": "a manuscript could be suitable for their", "in-qouwVPV0-00666-00144584-00144854": "further journal", "in-qouwVPV0-00667-00144855-00145119": "so after our orders receive our", "in-qouwVPV0-00668-00145120-00145319": "beautiful peer review", "in-qouwVPV0-00669-00145320-00145463": "journal independent peer review they", "in-qouwVPV0-00670-00145464-00145659": "have the choice to submit to different", "in-qouwVPV0-00671-00145660-00145854": "journals and this is the screen that", "in-qouwVPV0-00672-00145855-00145919": "they find", "in-qouwVPV0-00673-00145920-00146151": "in front of them so you can see that uh", "in-qouwVPV0-00674-00146152-00146463": "the journal belonging to our consortium", "in-qouwVPV0-00675-00146464-00146719": "are part of different uh publishing", "in-qouwVPV0-00676-00146720-00146766": "groups", "in-qouwVPV0-00677-00146767-00147239": "including ambo uh e-life plus", "in-qouwVPV0-00678-00147240-00147543": "company of biologists and also jcb", "in-qouwVPV0-00679-00147544-00147871": "and mboc and", "in-qouwVPV0-00680-00147872-00148095": "collectively they cover a very broad", "in-qouwVPV0-00681-00148096-00148287": "scope and they have different acceptance", "in-qouwVPV0-00682-00148288-00148383": "criteria", "in-qouwVPV0-00683-00148384-00148639": "so we are confident that with this broad", "in-qouwVPV0-00684-00148640-00148863": "array of of journals that we have", "in-qouwVPV0-00685-00148864-00149111": "in our group uh all the manuscripts that", "in-qouwVPV0-00686-00149112-00149311": "are reviewed by review comments", "in-qouwVPV0-00687-00149312-00149623": "uh uh will find a home", "in-qouwVPV0-00688-00149624-00149883": "for uh an appropriate home for for the", "in-qouwVPV0-00689-00149884-00150054": "manuscript", "in-qouwVPV0-00690-00150055-00150239": "so as i said before one of the main", "in-qouwVPV0-00691-00150240-00150399": "outcome of review comments is this", "in-qouwVPV0-00692-00150400-00150607": "refereed preprint and we strongly", "in-qouwVPV0-00693-00150608-00150719": "believe in", "in-qouwVPV0-00694-00150720-00150902": "in the value of refereed preprints it's", "in-qouwVPV0-00695-00150903-00151054": "a big big opportunity", "in-qouwVPV0-00696-00151055-00151326": "for the others to share uh their", "in-qouwVPV0-00697-00151327-00151478": "scientific finding with the scientific", "in-qouwVPV0-00698-00151479-00151543": "community", "in-qouwVPV0-00699-00151544-00151799": "immediately and with credibility because", "in-qouwVPV0-00700-00151800-00151990": "this is how the refereed preprint", "in-qouwVPV0-00701-00151991-00152199": "look like so here there is the article", "in-qouwVPV0-00702-00152200-00152351": "and here there is this", "in-qouwVPV0-00703-00152352-00152583": "blue widget peer review and if you click", "in-qouwVPV0-00704-00152584-00152654": "on it", "in-qouwVPV0-00705-00152655-00152863": "the reviews appear along with the", "in-qouwVPV0-00706-00152864-00152975": "author's responses", "in-qouwVPV0-00707-00152976-00153254": "so this is effectively peer-reviewed", "in-qouwVPV0-00708-00153255-00153335": "science", "in-qouwVPV0-00709-00153336-00153590": "which is available to the public uh in", "in-qouwVPV0-00710-00153591-00153711": "in no time", "in-qouwVPV0-00711-00153712-00154014": "and this is also useful from the side of", "in-qouwVPV0-00712-00154015-00154102": "the orders", "in-qouwVPV0-00713-00154103-00154271": "because since the the manuscript is", "in-qouwVPV0-00714-00154272-00154454": "there along with the reviews it can also", "in-qouwVPV0-00715-00154455-00154702": "eventually be scouted by editors", "in-qouwVPV0-00716-00154703-00154911": "of journals that belong to our", "in-qouwVPV0-00717-00154912-00155078": "consortium or also outside", "in-qouwVPV0-00718-00155079-00155335": "of our consortium so we really encourage", "in-qouwVPV0-00719-00155336-00155483": "all", "in-qouwVPV0-00720-00155484-00155719": "our orders uh to", "in-qouwVPV0-00721-00155720-00156054": "to post refereed preprints uh okay so i", "in-qouwVPV0-00722-00156055-00156183": "would like to conclude now with this", "in-qouwVPV0-00723-00156184-00156295": "nice advertising", "in-qouwVPV0-00724-00156296-00156535": "poster in which you see the the workflow", "in-qouwVPV0-00725-00156536-00156647": "of review comments", "in-qouwVPV0-00726-00156648-00156975": "it is downloadable from", "in-qouwVPV0-00727-00156976-00157166": "from our website we have recently", "in-qouwVPV0-00728-00157167-00157319": "tweeted it so if you are", "in-qouwVPV0-00729-00157320-00157543": "uh interested in review comments and you", "in-qouwVPV0-00730-00157544-00157663": "want to spread the news", "in-qouwVPV0-00731-00157664-00157823": "with your colleagues feel free to", "in-qouwVPV0-00732-00157824-00158039": "download it hang it in your department", "in-qouwVPV0-00733-00158040-00158366": "or also on social media so uh thank you", "in-qouwVPV0-00734-00158367-00158399": "for your", "in-qouwVPV0-00735-00158400-00158631": "attention and i give the microphone back", "in-qouwVPV0-00736-00158632-00158790": "to jessica", "in-qouwVPV0-00737-00158791-00158999": "thanks so much sarah ah i was very", "in-qouwVPV0-00738-00159000-00159102": "informative", "in-qouwVPV0-00739-00159103-00159383": "um noticing the time uh i wonder if", "in-qouwVPV0-00740-00159384-00159599": "tamar van berger who is the project", "in-qouwVPV0-00741-00159600-00159743": "leader review commons", "in-qouwVPV0-00742-00159744-00160047": "and also the deputy head of scientific", "in-qouwVPV0-00743-00160048-00160271": "publications at embo press will be", "in-qouwVPV0-00744-00160272-00160399": "willing to tell us about", "in-qouwVPV0-00745-00160400-00160614": "the evaluation of the service but", "in-qouwVPV0-00746-00160615-00160719": "hopefully um", "in-qouwVPV0-00747-00160720-00161071": "in something like a compressed", "in-qouwVPV0-00748-00161072-00161247": "period of time if that's possible thank", "in-qouwVPV0-00749-00161248-00161375": "you i i can", "in-qouwVPV0-00750-00161376-00161678": "i can try to speak okay i can try to", "in-qouwVPV0-00751-00161679-00161775": "speak in french so", "in-qouwVPV0-00752-00161776-00162102": "to go faster so it's true um review", "in-qouwVPV0-00753-00162103-00162183": "comments", "in-qouwVPV0-00754-00162184-00162614": "was set up as a as an experiment", "in-qouwVPV0-00755-00162615-00162919": "and it is therefore important for us to", "in-qouwVPV0-00756-00162920-00163007": "stay", "in-qouwVPV0-00757-00163008-00163247": "to try to find ways to evaluate that", "in-qouwVPV0-00758-00163248-00163366": "experiment to see", "in-qouwVPV0-00759-00163367-00163711": "if the experiment worked i hope you can", "in-qouwVPV0-00760-00163712-00163743": "see", "in-qouwVPV0-00761-00163744-00164271": "um my slides i'm not quite sure", "in-qouwVPV0-00762-00164272-00164431": "can you see my slides yes we can see", "in-qouwVPV0-00763-00164432-00164575": "them and i changed", "in-qouwVPV0-00764-00164576-00165063": "okay", "in-qouwVPV0-00765-00165064-00165319": "maybe i'm sorry i'm wasting time because", "in-qouwVPV0-00766-00165320-00165414": "i", "in-qouwVPV0-00767-00165415-00166359": "have many windows super paused", "in-qouwVPV0-00768-00166360-00166575": "this is difficult whatever you were", "in-qouwVPV0-00769-00166576-00166911": "doing before looks great", "in-qouwVPV0-00770-00166912-00167214": "so sorry well it's it's the problem is", "in-qouwVPV0-00771-00167215-00167447": "that i don't see myself my other slides", "in-qouwVPV0-00772-00167448-00167807": "so if i would manage to", "in-qouwVPV0-00773-00167808-00168111": "otherwise we go to the first of all you", "in-qouwVPV0-00774-00168112-00168271": "find them", "in-qouwVPV0-00775-00168272-00168687": "so let me start again", "in-qouwVPV0-00776-00168688-00169007": "here we go so we try to", "in-qouwVPV0-00777-00169008-00169375": "to find um metrics and and", "in-qouwVPV0-00778-00169376-00169695": "and numbers that um", "in-qouwVPV0-00779-00169696-00170023": "that uh qualify the", "in-qouwVPV0-00780-00170024-00170407": "the the service and our goals is really", "in-qouwVPV0-00781-00170408-00170566": "to reduce the cycles", "in-qouwVPV0-00782-00170567-00170871": "of a new peer review to focus the peer", "in-qouwVPV0-00783-00170872-00171007": "review on science", "in-qouwVPV0-00784-00171008-00171159": "and then to increase the the", "in-qouwVPV0-00785-00171160-00171383": "transparency we have two sources of data", "in-qouwVPV0-00786-00171384-00171766": "which are um the uh the static", "in-qouwVPV0-00787-00171767-00171959": "statistics that we can extract from our", "in-qouwVPV0-00788-00171960-00172166": "tracking systems and also that we obtain", "in-qouwVPV0-00789-00172167-00172311": "from the journals", "in-qouwVPV0-00790-00172312-00172599": "and then we run also a questionnaire", "in-qouwVPV0-00791-00172600-00172790": "survey to our authors", "in-qouwVPV0-00792-00172791-00173119": "uh to the reviewers um and", "in-qouwVPV0-00793-00173120-00173254": "of course to the editors of the", "in-qouwVPV0-00794-00173255-00173431": "affiliate journals", "in-qouwVPV0-00795-00173432-00173687": "now i cannot see my own slides so it", "in-qouwVPV0-00796-00173688-00173871": "will be difficult for me to comment to", "in-qouwVPV0-00797-00173872-00173926": "to say", "in-qouwVPV0-00798-00173927-00174151": "by heart the numbers but on the left you", "in-qouwVPV0-00799-00174152-00174302": "see the duration of the different", "in-qouwVPV0-00800-00174303-00174487": "steps of the the peer view and i think", "in-qouwVPV0-00801-00174488-00174607": "this is the first question", "in-qouwVPV0-00802-00174608-00174766": "is the peer review efficiency in terms", "in-qouwVPV0-00803-00174767-00174911": "of time you say", "in-qouwVPV0-00804-00174912-00175254": "you see that it takes uh 30 30 days", "in-qouwVPV0-00805-00175255-00175407": "to do the peer review we have six", "in-qouwVPV0-00806-00175408-00175526": "additional times for the board", "in-qouwVPV0-00807-00175527-00175654": "consultation", "in-qouwVPV0-00808-00175655-00175959": "and then the authors receive", "in-qouwVPV0-00809-00175960-00176166": "the reviews can revise the manuscript", "in-qouwVPV0-00810-00176167-00176311": "they usually", "in-qouwVPV0-00811-00176312-00176526": "take four weeks we give them four weeks", "in-qouwVPV0-00812-00176527-00176638": "some take more time", "in-qouwVPV0-00813-00176639-00176911": "some might take less time and then at", "in-qouwVPV0-00814-00176912-00177023": "the journal level", "in-qouwVPV0-00815-00177024-00177247": "uh the first decision with these reviews", "in-qouwVPV0-00816-00177248-00177454": "in hand the first decision is fairly", "in-qouwVPV0-00817-00177455-00177607": "fast within a week", "in-qouwVPV0-00818-00177608-00177775": "and then remarkably for the accepted", "in-qouwVPV0-00819-00177776-00177983": "papers the acceptance", "in-qouwVPV0-00820-00177984-00178287": "is extremely fast after 11 days as a", "in-qouwVPV0-00821-00178288-00178487": "median time so you can already gather", "in-qouwVPV0-00822-00178488-00178751": "that this fact of obtaining or an", "in-qouwVPV0-00823-00178752-00178951": "already reviewed manuscript", "in-qouwVPV0-00824-00178952-00179231": "is accelerating the process uh on the", "in-qouwVPV0-00825-00179232-00179311": "side of the", "in-qouwVPV0-00826-00179312-00179583": "of the journal now one of our major goal", "in-qouwVPV0-00827-00179584-00179719": "is to avoid the cycles", "in-qouwVPV0-00828-00179720-00179975": "of new peer view does it work and this", "in-qouwVPV0-00829-00179976-00180159": "was a huge challenge to convince the", "in-qouwVPV0-00830-00180160-00180414": "the journals to use our reviews without", "in-qouwVPV0-00831-00180415-00180551": "starting from scratch with their own", "in-qouwVPV0-00832-00180552-00180743": "expertise and so on", "in-qouwVPV0-00833-00180744-00181071": "and and i i plot here in pie charts the", "in-qouwVPV0-00834-00181072-00181143": "percentage", "in-qouwVPV0-00835-00181144-00181414": "of of manuscripts uh that were published", "in-qouwVPV0-00836-00181415-00181526": "or rejected", "in-qouwVPV0-00837-00181527-00181831": "without any new reviews without any new", "in-qouwVPV0-00838-00181832-00182087": "uh reviewers and you see that for the", "in-qouwVPV0-00839-00182088-00182207": "papers we", "in-qouwVPV0-00840-00182208-00182359": "the journals have published with review", "in-qouwVPV0-00841-00182360-00182590": "comments reviews 98 percent have", "in-qouwVPV0-00842-00182591-00182807": "no additional reviews so this this", "in-qouwVPV0-00843-00182808-00182911": "worked beautifully", "in-qouwVPV0-00844-00182912-00183095": "for the rejected papers the vast", "in-qouwVPV0-00845-00183096-00183287": "majority have no reviews from time to", "in-qouwVPV0-00846-00183288-00183343": "time", "in-qouwVPV0-00847-00183344-00183566": "there's one maximal one additional", "in-qouwVPV0-00848-00183567-00183671": "review", "in-qouwVPV0-00849-00183672-00183847": "that is asked for for complementary", "in-qouwVPV0-00850-00183848-00183990": "expertise and i think we are really", "in-qouwVPV0-00851-00183991-00184151": "really happy about this result", "in-qouwVPV0-00852-00184152-00184351": "it really shows that we we could manage", "in-qouwVPV0-00853-00184352-00184495": "to convince the drones to", "in-qouwVPV0-00854-00184496-00184775": "to play this game now on the other side", "in-qouwVPV0-00855-00184776-00184838": "i think a", "in-qouwVPV0-00856-00184839-00185231": "key metric is really the time to publish", "in-qouwVPV0-00857-00185232-00185399": "and this is difficult to calculate", "in-qouwVPV0-00858-00185400-00185551": "because it's very difficult to have", "in-qouwVPV0-00859-00185552-00185750": "access to the entire history of a", "in-qouwVPV0-00860-00185751-00185847": "manuscript", "in-qouwVPV0-00861-00185848-00186102": "we asked the authors who never published", "in-qouwVPV0-00862-00186103-00186319": "in review comments to self-report the", "in-qouwVPV0-00863-00186320-00186566": "time they needed to to publish a paper", "in-qouwVPV0-00864-00186567-00186895": "you see a huge spread in months", "in-qouwVPV0-00865-00186896-00187287": "between five to 36 months it's enormous", "in-qouwVPV0-00866-00187288-00187502": "and you're on the right you see the the", "in-qouwVPV0-00867-00187503-00187687": "time to publish", "in-qouwVPV0-00868-00187688-00187999": "within the review comment system and and", "in-qouwVPV0-00869-00188000-00188063": "you see that", "in-qouwVPV0-00870-00188064-00188278": "the time is considerably reduced of", "in-qouwVPV0-00871-00188279-00188454": "course there is also a past history to", "in-qouwVPV0-00872-00188455-00188678": "review comments before review comments", "in-qouwVPV0-00873-00188679-00188863": "this is also difficult to access but if", "in-qouwVPV0-00874-00188864-00189038": "we imagine for a moment that the entire", "in-qouwVPV0-00875-00189039-00189111": "world will be", "in-qouwVPV0-00876-00189112-00189390": "review comments this is what we would", "in-qouwVPV0-00877-00189391-00189599": "achieve", "in-qouwVPV0-00878-00189600-00189743": "what is the quality of the peer review", "in-qouwVPV0-00879-00189744-00189966": "this is a difficult question we would", "in-qouwVPV0-00880-00189967-00190054": "like to find", "in-qouwVPV0-00881-00190055-00190238": "quantitative metrics we don't have them", "in-qouwVPV0-00882-00190239-00190366": "yet so", "in-qouwVPV0-00883-00190367-00190583": "in in the absence we have asked directly", "in-qouwVPV0-00884-00190584-00190775": "our authors what did they think", "in-qouwVPV0-00885-00190776-00191031": "about our peer review system and to", "in-qouwVPV0-00886-00191032-00191135": "compare", "in-qouwVPV0-00887-00191136-00191295": "review comments with the traditional", "in-qouwVPV0-00888-00191296-00191438": "journal so", "in-qouwVPV0-00889-00191439-00191702": "you see in blue the the number of people", "in-qouwVPV0-00890-00191703-00191807": "who", "in-qouwVPV0-00891-00191808-00191959": "who think that review comments was", "in-qouwVPV0-00892-00191960-00192143": "better than the journals and in red", "in-qouwVPV0-00893-00192144-00192390": "and then the the fraction of authors who", "in-qouwVPV0-00894-00192391-00192550": "thought that these different features of", "in-qouwVPV0-00895-00192551-00192663": "the peer review", "in-qouwVPV0-00896-00192664-00192838": "was better at the traditional journals", "in-qouwVPV0-00897-00192839-00193071": "and and i think it's very clear that", "in-qouwVPV0-00898-00193072-00193287": "through all these these features whether", "in-qouwVPV0-00899-00193288-00193431": "the peer view is", "in-qouwVPV0-00900-00193432-00193614": "less biased whether it's constructive", "in-qouwVPV0-00901-00193615-00193919": "transparent whether the experiments", "in-qouwVPV0-00902-00193920-00194223": "requested were reasonable", "in-qouwVPV0-00903-00194224-00194463": "there is a very good acceptance of", "in-qouwVPV0-00904-00194464-00194543": "authors for", "in-qouwVPV0-00905-00194544-00194750": "for what review commands is doing and", "in-qouwVPV0-00906-00194751-00195199": "for the quality of the peer review", "in-qouwVPV0-00907-00195200-00195543": "so we have now", "in-qouwVPV0-00908-00195544-00195814": "papers that have been published across", "in-qouwVPV0-00909-00195815-00196014": "13 of the 17 journals", "in-qouwVPV0-00910-00196015-00196190": "showing that these reviews are used by", "in-qouwVPV0-00911-00196191-00196350": "the authors are used by the journals", "in-qouwVPV0-00912-00196351-00196463": "they are portable", "in-qouwVPV0-00913-00196464-00196799": "across a broad variety of journals 90 of", "in-qouwVPV0-00914-00196800-00196959": "the papers published", "in-qouwVPV0-00915-00196960-00197278": "are with transparent reviews most of the", "in-qouwVPV0-00916-00197279-00197383": "journals", "in-qouwVPV0-00917-00197384-00197631": "apply the transparent review process and", "in-qouwVPV0-00918-00197632-00197766": "thirty percent of", "in-qouwVPV0-00919-00197767-00197935": "of the reviews were posted done by", "in-qouwVPV0-00920-00197936-00198102": "archive as refrigerant", "in-qouwVPV0-00921-00198103-00198278": "we asked our authors would use the", "in-qouwVPV0-00922-00198279-00198447": "service again uh", "in-qouwVPV0-00923-00198448-00198750": "uh and a vast majority would would you", "in-qouwVPV0-00924-00198751-00198847": "use the service", "in-qouwVPV0-00925-00198848-00199102": "um again and we we received a lot of", "in-qouwVPV0-00926-00199103-00199214": "positive comments", "in-qouwVPV0-00927-00199215-00199583": "through twitter so um", "in-qouwVPV0-00928-00199584-00199950": "i think in in summary we see um", "in-qouwVPV0-00929-00199951-00200271": "that uh the the the quality of the the", "in-qouwVPV0-00930-00200272-00200463": "peer review is well accepted", "in-qouwVPV0-00931-00200464-00200878": "by uh by our authors um the transparency", "in-qouwVPV0-00932-00200879-00201102": "um we we managed to completely abolish", "in-qouwVPV0-00933-00201103-00201214": "the the rounds of", "in-qouwVPV0-00934-00201215-00201526": "or the end cycles of free review", "in-qouwVPV0-00935-00201527-00201735": "the transparency 90 percent personal", "in-qouwVPV0-00936-00201736-00201838": "papers published", "in-qouwVPV0-00937-00201839-00202047": "are with transparent review and we have", "in-qouwVPV0-00938-00202048-00202199": "30 adoption rate", "in-qouwVPV0-00939-00202200-00202375": "there is a little bit of an exclamation", "in-qouwVPV0-00940-00202376-00202559": "mark here we would like of course to", "in-qouwVPV0-00941-00202560-00202702": "reach 100 percent", "in-qouwVPV0-00942-00202703-00202887": "and i think this will come with time", "in-qouwVPV0-00943-00202888-00203031": "when there are more examples", "in-qouwVPV0-00944-00203032-00203254": "and when it will also be more apparent", "in-qouwVPV0-00945-00203255-00203438": "what are the benefits for authors", "in-qouwVPV0-00946-00203439-00203623": "the increased visibility of posting the", "in-qouwVPV0-00947-00203624-00203878": "reviews on on bio archive", "in-qouwVPV0-00948-00203879-00204095": "so the next steps is to to extend the", "in-qouwVPV0-00949-00204096-00204254": "consortium of german to have more", "in-qouwVPV0-00950-00204255-00204407": "general broader scope", "in-qouwVPV0-00951-00204408-00204678": "uh it is also to make this uh p reviews", "in-qouwVPV0-00952-00204679-00204719": "this", "in-qouwVPV0-00953-00204720-00205046": "refrigerator print uh more usable uh", "in-qouwVPV0-00954-00205048-00205286": "more findable searchable and so we are", "in-qouwVPV0-00955-00205287-00205462": "soon going to launch", "in-qouwVPV0-00956-00205463-00205742": "uh a platform early evidence phase where", "in-qouwVPV0-00957-00205744-00205894": "we make it much easier", "in-qouwVPV0-00958-00205896-00206086": "to consult this referee preparing and to", "in-qouwVPV0-00959-00206087-00206327": "find them for review comments but also", "in-qouwVPV0-00960-00206328-00206542": "across a variety of peer review service", "in-qouwVPV0-00961-00206544-00206662": "including e-live", "in-qouwVPV0-00962-00206663-00206831": "so this is what i wanted to to share", "in-qouwVPV0-00963-00206832-00207086": "with you and now i give back", "in-qouwVPV0-00964-00207087-00207282": "the microphone to jessica for the", "in-qouwVPV0-00965-00207283-00207534": "discussion thanks so much", "in-qouwVPV0-00966-00207535-00207775": "um now uh we are going to be able to", "in-qouwVPV0-00967-00207776-00207871": "hear from", "in-qouwVPV0-00968-00207871-00208166": "perspectives of an author a reviewer and", "in-qouwVPV0-00969-00208167-00208327": "an editor at one of the affiliate", "in-qouwVPV0-00970-00208328-00208455": "journals", "in-qouwVPV0-00971-00208456-00208679": "so um you know first i would just like", "in-qouwVPV0-00972-00208680-00208871": "to reintroduce", "in-qouwVPV0-00973-00208871-00209151": "kira baba who is assistant professor at", "in-qouwVPV0-00974-00209152-00209423": "nyu and also has used the service", "in-qouwVPV0-00975-00209423-00209638": "as an author so gary i wonder if you", "in-qouwVPV0-00976-00209639-00209775": "could tell us", "in-qouwVPV0-00977-00209776-00209982": "how specifically this differed from the", "in-qouwVPV0-00978-00209983-00210134": "typical journal review process", "in-qouwVPV0-00979-00210135-00210287": "and any other comments you'd like to", "in-qouwVPV0-00980-00210288-00210551": "share about movie comments", "in-qouwVPV0-00981-00210552-00210806": "thanks jessica i'll try to keep this", "in-qouwVPV0-00982-00210807-00210903": "this quick so we", "in-qouwVPV0-00983-00210904-00211071": "have enough time for questions and", "in-qouwVPV0-00984-00211071-00211327": "discussions so our lab submitted", "in-qouwVPV0-00985-00211328-00211615": "two papers to review comments so this is", "in-qouwVPV0-00986-00211616-00211742": "this experience is from", "in-qouwVPV0-00987-00211744-00212039": "n equals two um we thought it was an", "in-qouwVPV0-00988-00212040-00212198": "interesting experiment so we wanted to", "in-qouwVPV0-00989-00212200-00212263": "try it", "in-qouwVPV0-00990-00212264-00212471": "the things we noticed for ourselves was", "in-qouwVPV0-00991-00212471-00212694": "that um the timeline was definitely", "in-qouwVPV0-00992-00212696-00212991": "faster than what we have experienced", "in-qouwVPV0-00993-00212992-00213342": "with traditional journal review", "in-qouwVPV0-00994-00213344-00213567": "the second thing was that the the", "in-qouwVPV0-00995-00213567-00213694": "reviews really were", "in-qouwVPV0-00996-00213696-00214023": "focused on the science and pretty much", "in-qouwVPV0-00997-00214023-00214223": "only that and that that was the kind of", "in-qouwVPV0-00998-00214223-00214398": "refreshing and and not something", "in-qouwVPV0-00999-00214400-00214751": "i had been so used to seeing before", "in-qouwVPV0-01000-00214752-00214934": "um the other thing that we really liked", "in-qouwVPV0-01001-00214935-00215182": "was that review commons does also do", "in-qouwVPV0-01002-00215183-00215287": "cross reviews", "in-qouwVPV0-01003-00215288-00215527": "so the reviewers comment on each other's", "in-qouwVPV0-01004-00215528-00215598": "reviews", "in-qouwVPV0-01005-00215600-00215839": "and there were a couple of things um", "in-qouwVPV0-01006-00215840-00216006": "where maybe one reviewer", "in-qouwVPV0-01007-00216007-00216239": "suggested one thing and another reviewer", "in-qouwVPV0-01008-00216240-00216382": "actually commented on that", "in-qouwVPV0-01009-00216383-00216582": "and so it felt a bit more like a", "in-qouwVPV0-01010-00216583-00216751": "discussion and that was actually very", "in-qouwVPV0-01011-00216752-00216863": "helpful to us", "in-qouwVPV0-01012-00216864-00217151": "um for those papers as well um and then", "in-qouwVPV0-01013-00217152-00217198": "the one", "in-qouwVPV0-01014-00217200-00217431": "thing um that when we we certainly will", "in-qouwVPV0-01015-00217432-00217558": "be using it again", "in-qouwVPV0-01016-00217559-00217767": "and i think the the one thing we we", "in-qouwVPV0-01017-00217767-00217975": "might pay more attention to is kind of", "in-qouwVPV0-01018-00217976-00218127": "thinking ahead of time", "in-qouwVPV0-01019-00218128-00218431": "uh what our target journal would", "in-qouwVPV0-01020-00218432-00218655": "may be and uh you know especially if the", "in-qouwVPV0-01021-00218656-00218755": "work is", "in-qouwVPV0-01022-00218756-00218975": "interdisciplinary kind of making sure", "in-qouwVPV0-01023-00218976-00219103": "that the reviewers", "in-qouwVPV0-01024-00219104-00219358": "we suggest at least kind of cover uh", "in-qouwVPV0-01025-00219359-00219551": "disciplines according to", "in-qouwVPV0-01026-00219552-00219775": "where we might want to send uh the paper", "in-qouwVPV0-01027-00219776-00219903": "afterwards", "in-qouwVPV0-01028-00219904-00220094": "but yeah our review our experience was", "in-qouwVPV0-01029-00220096-00220206": "extremely positive", "in-qouwVPV0-01030-00220207-00220423": "um and that was kind of why i got in", "in-qouwVPV0-01031-00220423-00220639": "touch with jessica as well", "in-qouwVPV0-01032-00220640-00220998": "thanks so much um next i would like to", "in-qouwVPV0-01033-00221000-00221215": "ask rita tori who is a professor at the", "in-qouwVPV0-01034-00221216-00221398": "university of nottingham and who has", "in-qouwVPV0-01035-00221400-00221687": "reviewed for the service how the process", "in-qouwVPV0-01036-00221688-00221982": "of reviewing for review commons compares", "in-qouwVPV0-01037-00221983-00222246": "to that of a typical journal especially", "in-qouwVPV0-01038-00222248-00222382": "with this", "in-qouwVPV0-01039-00222383-00222682": "kind of journaling non-stick review", "in-qouwVPV0-01040-00222683-00222951": "element", "in-qouwVPV0-01041-00222952-00223151": "oh wait i believe you're still muted let", "in-qouwVPV0-01042-00223152-00223263": "me uh", "in-qouwVPV0-01043-00223264-00223639": "ask you to unmute", "in-qouwVPV0-01044-00223640-00224046": "uh okay can you hear me", "in-qouwVPV0-01045-00224048-00224358": "yeah so yeah i mean uh it has been a", "in-qouwVPV0-01046-00224359-00224398": "real", "in-qouwVPV0-01047-00224400-00224615": "pleasure to to review in the reviews", "in-qouwVPV0-01048-00224616-00224863": "comment and i must say that i think the", "in-qouwVPV0-01049-00224864-00225151": "most important thing for me was that it", "in-qouwVPV0-01050-00225152-00225294": "was very constructive", "in-qouwVPV0-01051-00225296-00225606": "very timely and also uh like you know we", "in-qouwVPV0-01052-00225607-00225831": "wanted to see a good science and i think", "in-qouwVPV0-01053-00225832-00225975": "that was the first thing", "in-qouwVPV0-01054-00225976-00226263": "which was very crucial for me that it is", "in-qouwVPV0-01055-00226264-00226494": "a good science it's reproducible and", "in-qouwVPV0-01056-00226496-00226558": "that", "in-qouwVPV0-01057-00226559-00226815": "you know that there is a clear message", "in-qouwVPV0-01058-00226816-00227063": "and significance in that paper", "in-qouwVPV0-01059-00227064-00227319": "and also what i felt was that it was", "in-qouwVPV0-01060-00227319-00227446": "very constructive", "in-qouwVPV0-01061-00227448-00227734": "between the reviews as well so we could", "in-qouwVPV0-01062-00227735-00227871": "talk over it and", "in-qouwVPV0-01063-00227871-00228079": "it was not like we are suggesting", "in-qouwVPV0-01064-00228080-00228223": "experiment for one year", "in-qouwVPV0-01065-00228223-00228455": "that and then you know saying okay now", "in-qouwVPV0-01066-00228456-00228671": "you cannot be taken because", "in-qouwVPV0-01067-00228671-00228910": "you have to do these uh ample number of", "in-qouwVPV0-01068-00228911-00229006": "experiments", "in-qouwVPV0-01069-00229007-00229223": "what was there we have to see what is", "in-qouwVPV0-01070-00229223-00229375": "the message and where", "in-qouwVPV0-01071-00229376-00229631": "they can improve the message or the", "in-qouwVPV0-01072-00229632-00229831": "experiments and i think that was the", "in-qouwVPV0-01073-00229832-00230023": "best thing for me and", "in-qouwVPV0-01074-00230023-00230334": "also to see that you know the we don't", "in-qouwVPV0-01075-00230335-00230479": "waste time in", "in-qouwVPV0-01076-00230480-00230703": "being both as an author and a reviewer", "in-qouwVPV0-01077-00230704-00230927": "we don't want to waste time in", "in-qouwVPV0-01078-00230928-00231198": "review reviewing hundreds of these", "in-qouwVPV0-01079-00231200-00231375": "papers which have gone from one journal", "in-qouwVPV0-01080-00231376-00231479": "to another", "in-qouwVPV0-01081-00231480-00231671": "because i get sometimes papers which", "in-qouwVPV0-01082-00231671-00231831": "have been submitted to", "in-qouwVPV0-01083-00231832-00232039": "four or five journals and then you know", "in-qouwVPV0-01084-00232040-00232223": "you're reviewing the same paper", "in-qouwVPV0-01085-00232223-00232494": "so in that way it was very very", "in-qouwVPV0-01086-00232496-00232598": "important", "in-qouwVPV0-01087-00232600-00232903": "i think that our time the author's time", "in-qouwVPV0-01088-00232904-00233087": "the scientist time so that", "in-qouwVPV0-01089-00233088-00233382": "we could use that time more productively", "in-qouwVPV0-01090-00233383-00233527": "to do good science", "in-qouwVPV0-01091-00233528-00233694": "rather than wasting and just", "in-qouwVPV0-01092-00233696-00233903": "reformatting 100 times and", "in-qouwVPV0-01093-00233904-00234055": "submitting to different journals so i", "in-qouwVPV0-01094-00234056-00234263": "think it's the best way", "in-qouwVPV0-01095-00234264-00234542": "for a scientist to be productive in", "in-qouwVPV0-01096-00234544-00234679": "their science", "in-qouwVPV0-01097-00234680-00235031": "to give good science to the audience", "in-qouwVPV0-01098-00235032-00235271": "and to not waste time in just", "in-qouwVPV0-01099-00235271-00235487": "reformatting our papers", "in-qouwVPV0-01100-00235488-00235710": "so i think that is the absolute thing", "in-qouwVPV0-01101-00235711-00235839": "that we should do", "in-qouwVPV0-01102-00235840-00236103": "good science good messages to the", "in-qouwVPV0-01103-00236104-00236182": "community", "in-qouwVPV0-01104-00236183-00236415": "and not to waste our time in", "in-qouwVPV0-01105-00236416-00236575": "reformatting the papers", "in-qouwVPV0-01106-00236576-00236855": "as a scientist so i think it's a very", "in-qouwVPV0-01107-00236856-00237071": "good thing", "in-qouwVPV0-01108-00237071-00237398": "i was very positive about it thank you", "in-qouwVPV0-01109-00237400-00237710": "thank you so much uh and finally marie", "in-qouwVPV0-01110-00237711-00237775": "murphy", "in-qouwVPV0-01111-00237776-00238094": "who is a professor at the vistar", "in-qouwVPV0-01112-00238096-00238310": "institute and also senior editor at", "in-qouwVPV0-01113-00238311-00238415": "e-life", "in-qouwVPV0-01114-00238416-00238631": "um i'd like to now invite maureen to", "in-qouwVPV0-01115-00238632-00238879": "tell us about what it's like to handle", "in-qouwVPV0-01116-00238880-00239158": "a review commons paper coming through a", "in-qouwVPV0-01117-00239159-00239319": "process that is different from", "in-qouwVPV0-01118-00239319-00239487": "the standard one that you might begin", "in-qouwVPV0-01119-00239488-00239639": "with", "in-qouwVPV0-01120-00239640-00239991": "sure so um hi everyone so i am a senior", "in-qouwVPV0-01121-00239992-00240046": "editor", "in-qouwVPV0-01122-00240048-00240327": "at e-life in the cancer biology group um", "in-qouwVPV0-01123-00240328-00240519": "i want to put a pitch in for e-life it's", "in-qouwVPV0-01124-00240519-00240542": "a", "in-qouwVPV0-01125-00240544-00240782": "fabulous journal it's a little bit", "in-qouwVPV0-01126-00240783-00240894": "different", "in-qouwVPV0-01127-00240896-00241142": "when i get a paper from e-life as a", "in-qouwVPV0-01128-00241144-00241351": "senior editor i first judge it for", "in-qouwVPV0-01129-00241352-00241455": "content", "in-qouwVPV0-01130-00241456-00241758": "uh rigor is it interesting and then", "in-qouwVPV0-01131-00241759-00241958": "i consult with my board of reviewing", "in-qouwVPV0-01132-00241959-00242198": "editors are they interested in it as", "in-qouwVPV0-01133-00242200-00242279": "well so", "in-qouwVPV0-01134-00242280-00242479": "to begin with there's a conversation", "in-qouwVPV0-01135-00242480-00242615": "about this", "in-qouwVPV0-01136-00242616-00242846": "then if we decide it is definitely worth", "in-qouwVPV0-01137-00242848-00243023": "it it goes to review", "in-qouwVPV0-01138-00243023-00243215": "one of the board of reviewing editors", "in-qouwVPV0-01139-00243216-00243342": "mediates that review", "in-qouwVPV0-01140-00243344-00243567": "picks reviewers then there is another", "in-qouwVPV0-01141-00243567-00243767": "series of conversations between the", "in-qouwVPV0-01142-00243767-00243879": "reviewers", "in-qouwVPV0-01143-00243880-00244103": "do we think point two is a little bit", "in-qouwVPV0-01144-00244104-00244271": "not so important anymore", "in-qouwVPV0-01145-00244271-00244519": "so it's a very unique journal and i", "in-qouwVPV0-01146-00244519-00244663": "really really like it", "in-qouwVPV0-01147-00244664-00244894": "um when i get a paper from review", "in-qouwVPV0-01148-00244896-00244982": "commons", "in-qouwVPV0-01149-00244983-00245239": "i get a paper and i do the same thing i", "in-qouwVPV0-01150-00245240-00245503": "consult with my board reviewing editors", "in-qouwVPV0-01151-00245504-00245782": "is is this rigorous is it interesting is", "in-qouwVPV0-01152-00245783-00245951": "it interesting to the field", "in-qouwVPV0-01153-00245952-00246303": "but i also get the series of reviews", "in-qouwVPV0-01154-00246304-00246575": "and the names of the two reviewers and i", "in-qouwVPV0-01155-00246576-00246775": "get a revised manuscript", "in-qouwVPV0-01156-00246776-00247030": "now in the past i've gotten a revised", "in-qouwVPV0-01157-00247031-00247142": "manuscript that was", "in-qouwVPV0-01158-00247144-00247446": "clearly way better than the original one", "in-qouwVPV0-01159-00247448-00247751": "and i have sort of the choice should i", "in-qouwVPV0-01160-00247752-00247894": "just accept this", "in-qouwVPV0-01161-00247896-00248239": "based on the reviews that came in and", "in-qouwVPV0-01162-00248240-00248382": "the revisions", "in-qouwVPV0-01163-00248383-00248679": "i do have the opportunity to consult the", "in-qouwVPV0-01164-00248680-00248823": "reviewers do you think", "in-qouwVPV0-01165-00248823-00249063": "it was responsive to the reviews that's", "in-qouwVPV0-01166-00249064-00249223": "an easy thing for me to do", "in-qouwVPV0-01167-00249223-00249503": "and i do have the choice to say um if", "in-qouwVPV0-01168-00249504-00249598": "not", "in-qouwVPV0-01169-00249600-00249919": "will you re-review it so um there's", "in-qouwVPV0-01170-00249919-00250142": "a lot of choices and a lot of options", "in-qouwVPV0-01171-00250144-00250279": "and i've seen", "in-qouwVPV0-01172-00250280-00250582": "it go every single way i've seen it", "in-qouwVPV0-01173-00250583-00250798": "where that clearly to me the revision", "in-qouwVPV0-01174-00250800-00251039": "is very important the reviewers the", "in-qouwVPV0-01175-00251040-00251175": "reviewers i have to say have been", "in-qouwVPV0-01176-00251176-00251534": "phenomenal um they have been very very", "in-qouwVPV0-01177-00251535-00251830": "responsive i've seen it where the", "in-qouwVPV0-01178-00251831-00251919": "revision", "in-qouwVPV0-01179-00251919-00252158": "was clearly wonderful and the reviewers", "in-qouwVPV0-01180-00252159-00252223": "agreed", "in-qouwVPV0-01181-00252223-00252519": "and it was just accepted by elife i've", "in-qouwVPV0-01182-00252519-00252630": "seen it where it needed", "in-qouwVPV0-01183-00252631-00252910": "another small round of review that's", "in-qouwVPV0-01184-00252911-00252951": "still", "in-qouwVPV0-01185-00252952-00253127": "not a waste of time it's making the", "in-qouwVPV0-01186-00253128-00253382": "paper better and i've also seen it where", "in-qouwVPV0-01187-00253383-00253487": "i didn't feel", "in-qouwVPV0-01188-00253488-00253742": "that the quality of the science met", "in-qouwVPV0-01189-00253744-00253855": "e-life standards", "in-qouwVPV0-01190-00253856-00254206": "and as a senior editor i passed on it", "in-qouwVPV0-01191-00254207-00254606": "so um but more often than not", "in-qouwVPV0-01192-00254607-00254798": "i have found that the authors have been", "in-qouwVPV0-01193-00254800-00255023": "very responsive to the reviews", "in-qouwVPV0-01194-00255023-00255303": "have done a very good job in revising", "in-qouwVPV0-01195-00255304-00255382": "and it either", "in-qouwVPV0-01196-00255383-00255598": "was accepted right away or needed minor", "in-qouwVPV0-01197-00255600-00255942": "revision", "in-qouwVPV0-01198-00255944-00256167": "fantastic thank you so much maureen and", "in-qouwVPV0-01199-00256167-00256382": "thank you to all of you who have been", "in-qouwVPV0-01200-00256383-00256575": "asking a lot of thoughtful questions in", "in-qouwVPV0-01201-00256576-00256694": "the q a", "in-qouwVPV0-01202-00256696-00256910": "um it's fantastic to see all of these", "in-qouwVPV0-01203-00256911-00257023": "great points", "in-qouwVPV0-01204-00257023-00257279": "raised and i'd now like to hand the", "in-qouwVPV0-01205-00257280-00257487": "microphone over to jesus", "in-qouwVPV0-01206-00257488-00257751": "uh jesus is associate professor at nyu", "in-qouwVPV0-01207-00257752-00257942": "and he will be now moderating", "in-qouwVPV0-01208-00257944-00258263": "this q a period for the rest of the hour", "in-qouwVPV0-01209-00258264-00258646": "so thank you so much", "in-qouwVPV0-01210-00258648-00258991": "great hello everyone so i see that we", "in-qouwVPV0-01211-00258992-00259198": "have a lot of questions already in the", "in-qouwVPV0-01212-00259200-00259510": "q a channel i also have a collection of", "in-qouwVPV0-01213-00259511-00259719": "questions that you submitted before", "in-qouwVPV0-01214-00259719-00259879": "with your registration so i'm going to", "in-qouwVPV0-01215-00259880-00260046": "go back and forth", "in-qouwVPV0-01216-00260048-00260310": "between those two and what i'm going to", "in-qouwVPV0-01217-00260311-00260527": "do is i'm going to read", "in-qouwVPV0-01218-00260528-00260839": "the question and i'm going to allow", "in-qouwVPV0-01219-00260840-00261463": "the panelists to self-select there is no", "in-qouwVPV0-01220-00261464-00261791": "indication uh by by the person who", "in-qouwVPV0-01221-00261792-00262030": "submitted the question uh", "in-qouwVPV0-01222-00262031-00262182": "before they were addressing this", "in-qouwVPV0-01223-00262183-00262415": "question okay", "in-qouwVPV0-01224-00262416-00262710": "so i'm going to start first with the top", "in-qouwVPV0-01225-00262711-00262839": "question", "in-qouwVPV0-01226-00262840-00263206": "in the in the q a channel", "in-qouwVPV0-01227-00263207-00263430": "that says what will be the selection", "in-qouwVPV0-01228-00263431-00263743": "criteria for this initial review board", "in-qouwVPV0-01229-00263744-00263943": "and a commentary about that is how to", "in-qouwVPV0-01230-00263944-00264134": "avoid potential selection bias over", "in-qouwVPV0-01231-00264135-00264327": "certain topics of authors", "in-qouwVPV0-01232-00264328-00264479": "could you blind the editors to the", "in-qouwVPV0-01233-00264480-00264727": "authors could the selection be", "in-qouwVPV0-01234-00264728-00264999": "democratized so who wants to take that", "in-qouwVPV0-01235-00265000-00265151": "question", "in-qouwVPV0-01236-00265152-00265455": "i think that should be thomas we spent a", "in-qouwVPV0-01237-00265456-00265630": "lot of time thinking about that actually", "in-qouwVPV0-01238-00265631-00265806": "i'm just barging in but maybe", "in-qouwVPV0-01239-00265807-00266206": "tomorrow could uh uh summarize okay", "in-qouwVPV0-01240-00266207-00266358": "okay can you clarify the question again", "in-qouwVPV0-01241-00266359-00266615": "because um", "in-qouwVPV0-01242-00266616-00266830": "from the selection of the reviewers or", "in-qouwVPV0-01243-00266831-00267471": "selection of triage", "in-qouwVPV0-01244-00267472-00267671": "the initial uh selection is that the", "in-qouwVPV0-01245-00267672-00267991": "question jesus", "in-qouwVPV0-01246-00267992-00268351": "okay okay yeah so so the the initial", "in-qouwVPV0-01247-00268352-00268455": "selection", "in-qouwVPV0-01248-00268456-00268639": "we thought a lot about it and and", "in-qouwVPV0-01249-00268640-00268839": "ideally we would like to send out", "in-qouwVPV0-01250-00268840-00269239": "everything now we we are in a world of", "in-qouwVPV0-01251-00269240-00269295": "of", "in-qouwVPV0-01252-00269296-00269606": "of infinite uh capacity and and", "in-qouwVPV0-01253-00269607-00269734": "resources", "in-qouwVPV0-01254-00269735-00270063": "and um we want also to maintain a given", "in-qouwVPV0-01255-00270064-00270191": "quality of", "in-qouwVPV0-01256-00270192-00270479": "of the paper we send out and uh for to", "in-qouwVPV0-01257-00270480-00270558": "review", "in-qouwVPV0-01258-00270559-00270958": "and and request something like between", "in-qouwVPV0-01259-00270959-00271191": "9 and 12 hours of work from from very", "in-qouwVPV0-01260-00271192-00271310": "busy scientists", "in-qouwVPV0-01261-00271311-00271519": "so that's the meaning of this initial", "in-qouwVPV0-01262-00271520-00271743": "selection the way to implement it", "in-qouwVPV0-01263-00271744-00272079": "we try to really to be as", "in-qouwVPV0-01264-00272080-00272271": "science-oriented having an academic", "in-qouwVPV0-01265-00272272-00272391": "board", "in-qouwVPV0-01266-00272392-00272639": "in all the different fields of special", "in-qouwVPV0-01267-00272640-00272775": "or of", "in-qouwVPV0-01268-00272776-00273119": "of specialty and ask a person", "in-qouwVPV0-01269-00273120-00273343": "in the area what is their opinion with", "in-qouwVPV0-01270-00273344-00273495": "this sort of structured", "in-qouwVPV0-01271-00273496-00273815": "approach with these three dimensions uh", "in-qouwVPV0-01272-00273816-00273927": "that we asked", "in-qouwVPV0-01273-00273928-00274191": "to comment on there is always a risk of", "in-qouwVPV0-01274-00274192-00274439": "wrong decision there is always a risk", "in-qouwVPV0-01275-00274440-00274663": "of bias at the end of the day the peer", "in-qouwVPV0-01276-00274664-00274823": "review process and the publishing", "in-qouwVPV0-01277-00274824-00274879": "process", "in-qouwVPV0-01278-00274880-00275182": "is a human process so it will never be", "in-qouwVPV0-01279-00275183-00275527": "perfect it will never be 100 objective", "in-qouwVPV0-01280-00275528-00275791": "but this is our pragmatic way to have a", "in-qouwVPV0-01281-00275792-00276063": "system that is workable that remains", "in-qouwVPV0-01282-00276064-00276295": "that that maintains a high quality of", "in-qouwVPV0-01283-00276296-00276382": "review", "in-qouwVPV0-01284-00276383-00276599": "and we are we have a lot of experience", "in-qouwVPV0-01285-00276600-00276710": "in that and we", "in-qouwVPV0-01286-00276711-00277015": "know that the quality of the review um", "in-qouwVPV0-01287-00277016-00277382": "depends really on on sending papers", "in-qouwVPV0-01288-00277383-00277727": "that are good scholarly pieces and and", "in-qouwVPV0-01289-00277728-00278023": "relevant for for for the field this is", "in-qouwVPV0-01290-00278024-00278134": "how we can recruit", "in-qouwVPV0-01291-00278135-00278343": "uh reviewers who are going to spend", "in-qouwVPV0-01292-00278344-00278503": "enough time to do a good job", "in-qouwVPV0-01293-00278504-00278727": "it takes really a lot of time to review", "in-qouwVPV0-01294-00278728-00278815": "on paper", "in-qouwVPV0-01295-00278816-00278991": "so we have to be mindful of the time of", "in-qouwVPV0-01296-00278992-00279175": "the people", "in-qouwVPV0-01297-00279176-00279358": "i hope it more or less addresses the", "in-qouwVPV0-01298-00279359-00279534": "question", "in-qouwVPV0-01299-00279535-00279806": "okay thank you thank you thomas all", "in-qouwVPV0-01300-00279807-00280015": "right i'm going to", "in-qouwVPV0-01301-00280016-00280247": "switch to another it's a combination of", "in-qouwVPV0-01302-00280248-00280391": "questions that were submitted with", "in-qouwVPV0-01303-00280392-00280527": "registration", "in-qouwVPV0-01304-00280528-00280839": "uh this is uh", "in-qouwVPV0-01305-00280840-00281103": "the question is what is the typical", "in-qouwVPV0-01306-00281104-00281358": "number of reviewers per manuscript", "in-qouwVPV0-01307-00281359-00281551": "and how can i become a reviewer for", "in-qouwVPV0-01308-00281552-00281903": "reviewer comments", "in-qouwVPV0-01309-00281904-00282215": "okay i can answer to that so you usually", "in-qouwVPV0-01310-00282216-00282527": "try to recruit three reviewers", "in-qouwVPV0-01311-00282528-00282758": "in some special cases in which it is", "in-qouwVPV0-01312-00282759-00282830": "difficult", "in-qouwVPV0-01313-00282831-00283158": "to assign reviewers so we can um we", "in-qouwVPV0-01314-00283159-00283471": "have two reviewers uh but we always make", "in-qouwVPV0-01315-00283472-00283551": "sure that", "in-qouwVPV0-01316-00283552-00283791": "sarah you're hard to hear do something", "in-qouwVPV0-01317-00283792-00283863": "with your mic", "in-qouwVPV0-01318-00283864-00284054": "or get closer to oh do you hear me", "in-qouwVPV0-01319-00284055-00284239": "better better yes", "in-qouwVPV0-01320-00284240-00284647": "dang okay so we always make sure that if", "in-qouwVPV0-01321-00284648-00284823": "we have only two reviews they are", "in-qouwVPV0-01322-00284824-00284951": "informative enough", "in-qouwVPV0-01323-00284952-00285119": "for uh for the journals to make a", "in-qouwVPV0-01324-00285120-00285279": "decision so typically there are three", "in-qouwVPV0-01325-00285280-00285367": "reviewers", "in-qouwVPV0-01326-00285368-00285695": "but sometimes two reviewers um and", "in-qouwVPV0-01327-00285696-00286006": "uh how to become a reviewer you can", "in-qouwVPV0-01328-00286007-00286367": "simply send an email to us and we", "in-qouwVPV0-01329-00286368-00286630": "can add your name in our in our pool and", "in-qouwVPV0-01330-00286631-00286727": "uh yeah it's", "in-qouwVPV0-01331-00286728-00287054": "uh it's possible", "in-qouwVPV0-01332-00287055-00287510": "perfect thank you sarah okay uh", "in-qouwVPV0-01333-00287511-00287751": "this is i guess a philosophical question", "in-qouwVPV0-01334-00287752-00287943": "does duplicate peer review presumed the", "in-qouwVPV0-01335-00287944-00288119": "article doesn't change and improve with", "in-qouwVPV0-01336-00288120-00288230": "each submission", "in-qouwVPV0-01337-00288231-00288423": "therefore the time isn't necessarily", "in-qouwVPV0-01338-00288424-00288534": "wasted", "in-qouwVPV0-01339-00288535-00288695": "it could be seen as rounds of peer", "in-qouwVPV0-01340-00288696-00288895": "review and i think", "in-qouwVPV0-01341-00288896-00289191": "uh i think maybe maria you might want to", "in-qouwVPV0-01342-00289192-00289534": "answer this question", "in-qouwVPV0-01343-00289535-00289679": "actually been answering lots of", "in-qouwVPV0-01344-00289680-00289879": "questions in writing and i encourage", "in-qouwVPV0-01345-00289880-00290087": "um thomas and sarah there's some", "in-qouwVPV0-01346-00290088-00290206": "director to you", "in-qouwVPV0-01347-00290207-00290447": "to do the same so can i didn't hear that", "in-qouwVPV0-01348-00290448-00290639": "question can you repeat it listen", "in-qouwVPV0-01349-00290640-00290927": "yes does duplicate duplicate peer review", "in-qouwVPV0-01350-00290928-00291023": "presume", "in-qouwVPV0-01351-00291024-00291206": "the article doesn't change and improve", "in-qouwVPV0-01352-00291207-00291343": "with each submission", "in-qouwVPV0-01353-00291344-00291534": "therefore the time isn't necessarily", "in-qouwVPV0-01354-00291535-00291743": "wasted it could be seen as rounds of", "in-qouwVPV0-01355-00291744-00291847": "peer review", "in-qouwVPV0-01356-00291848-00292127": "yes very very good question of course i", "in-qouwVPV0-01357-00292128-00292406": "think most of us agree that peer review", "in-qouwVPV0-01358-00292407-00292734": "does uh improve papers and in fact there", "in-qouwVPV0-01359-00292735-00292895": "were also some other questions that go", "in-qouwVPV0-01360-00292896-00292982": "in the dress", "in-qouwVPV0-01361-00292983-00293303": "similar direction i think i think", "in-qouwVPV0-01362-00293304-00293591": "yes of course if we submit a paper as an", "in-qouwVPV0-01363-00293592-00293671": "author to", "in-qouwVPV0-01364-00293672-00293895": "a journal get reviews back and then", "in-qouwVPV0-01365-00293896-00294063": "submit it to the next journal", "in-qouwVPV0-01366-00294064-00294230": "it's a better paper and by the time", "in-qouwVPV0-01367-00294231-00294375": "we're at the third journal it's probably", "in-qouwVPV0-01368-00294376-00294582": "a much better paper than we initially", "in-qouwVPV0-01369-00294583-00294743": "submitted and we could go back to the", "in-qouwVPV0-01370-00294744-00294854": "top general but", "in-qouwVPV0-01371-00294855-00295199": "um yes uh peer review does do that and", "in-qouwVPV0-01372-00295200-00295239": "not", "in-qouwVPV0-01373-00295240-00295623": "all uh uh not all reviewing time is", "in-qouwVPV0-01374-00295624-00295710": "wasted", "in-qouwVPV0-01375-00295711-00295967": "now here in this system you also get of", "in-qouwVPV0-01376-00295968-00296063": "course you get", "in-qouwVPV0-01377-00296064-00296382": "uh the receiving journal handles the", "in-qouwVPV0-01378-00296383-00296630": "revision so it will be improved", "in-qouwVPV0-01379-00296631-00296934": "um but that's the ideal", "in-qouwVPV0-01380-00296935-00297191": "where all the first round of peer review", "in-qouwVPV0-01381-00297192-00297263": "does", "in-qouwVPV0-01382-00297264-00297567": "is to uh improve the paper you still", "in-qouwVPV0-01383-00297568-00297903": "need a new set of reviewers rather than", "in-qouwVPV0-01384-00297904-00298103": "the first set going back and saying yes", "in-qouwVPV0-01385-00298104-00298230": "i've read it already", "in-qouwVPV0-01386-00298231-00298615": "it's now quick to to rejudge so", "in-qouwVPV0-01387-00298616-00298823": "i agree whoever asked that question it's", "in-qouwVPV0-01388-00298824-00298967": "not absolute", "in-qouwVPV0-01389-00298968-00299239": "um but it is an improvement and in the", "in-qouwVPV0-01390-00299240-00299447": "worst case i mean i'm sorry i've had", "in-qouwVPV0-01391-00299448-00299663": "i've had papers that i got from journal", "in-qouwVPV0-01392-00299664-00299758": "a", "in-qouwVPV0-01393-00299759-00299967": "and then got again from journal b where", "in-qouwVPV0-01394-00299968-00300143": "my critique from journal a", "in-qouwVPV0-01395-00300144-00300439": "was met by the authors lying so um it", "in-qouwVPV0-01396-00300440-00300606": "doesn't always improve it sometimes it", "in-qouwVPV0-01397-00300607-00300871": "makes it worse", "in-qouwVPV0-01398-00300872-00301199": "thank you so much another question is", "in-qouwVPV0-01399-00301200-00301654": "regarding uh reviewer anonymity", "in-qouwVPV0-01400-00301655-00302175": "are are the reviewers and animals", "in-qouwVPV0-01401-00302176-00302527": "nobody volunteers i'll do that too um", "in-qouwVPV0-01402-00302528-00302823": "reviewers are anonymous to the authors", "in-qouwVPV0-01403-00302824-00302910": "and that is", "in-qouwVPV0-01404-00302911-00303167": "a long-standing question and some people", "in-qouwVPV0-01405-00303168-00303239": "view this", "in-qouwVPV0-01406-00303240-00303654": "as a bad part uh we view it as a", "in-qouwVPV0-01407-00303655-00303927": "necessary part of honest and open peer", "in-qouwVPV0-01408-00303928-00304071": "review not everybody", "in-qouwVPV0-01409-00304072-00304310": "has the courage to tell people into", "in-qouwVPV0-01410-00304311-00304406": "their face", "in-qouwVPV0-01411-00304407-00304782": "uh you know sometimes brutal criticism", "in-qouwVPV0-01412-00304783-00305030": "or you know even if it's objective and", "in-qouwVPV0-01413-00305031-00305103": "not all", "in-qouwVPV0-01414-00305104-00305375": "authors it has to be said react well to", "in-qouwVPV0-01415-00305376-00305454": "criticism", "in-qouwVPV0-01416-00305455-00305630": "so i can forgive those who who don't", "in-qouwVPV0-01417-00305631-00305775": "want to do that", "in-qouwVPV0-01418-00305776-00306103": "uh an absolutely essential point of", "in-qouwVPV0-01419-00306104-00306423": "disclosing reviewer anonymity is in the", "in-qouwVPV0-01420-00306424-00306558": "passing the reviews", "in-qouwVPV0-01421-00306559-00306751": "to the recipient journals because a", "in-qouwVPV0-01422-00306752-00306887": "journal must", "in-qouwVPV0-01423-00306888-00307191": "know uh who the reviewers are they must", "in-qouwVPV0-01424-00307192-00307334": "be able to", "in-qouwVPV0-01425-00307335-00307527": "see from what corner of the universe", "in-qouwVPV0-01426-00307528-00307719": "that reviewer comes what", "in-qouwVPV0-01427-00307720-00308006": "spectrum of science he or she represents", "in-qouwVPV0-01428-00308007-00308151": "and of course they have to go back to", "in-qouwVPV0-01429-00308152-00308206": "the", "in-qouwVPV0-01430-00308207-00308551": "referees to to check uh you know maybe", "in-qouwVPV0-01431-00308552-00308710": "the referee wrote something stupid", "in-qouwVPV0-01432-00308711-00308871": "then the editor may want to go back and", "in-qouwVPV0-01433-00308872-00309047": "say are you sure about this they may", "in-qouwVPV0-01434-00309048-00309247": "want to do the cross refereeing", "in-qouwVPV0-01435-00309248-00309503": "uh that both we and elif and many others", "in-qouwVPV0-01436-00309504-00309687": "now do so", "in-qouwVPV0-01437-00309688-00309982": "that is part of the essential part of", "in-qouwVPV0-01438-00309983-00310030": "this", "in-qouwVPV0-01439-00310031-00310271": "uh sharing among the affiliate journals", "in-qouwVPV0-01440-00310272-00310447": "that among the journals", "in-qouwVPV0-01441-00310448-00310734": "the referees names are shared but to the", "in-qouwVPV0-01442-00310735-00310806": "reviewers", "in-qouwVPV0-01443-00310807-00311175": "they remain anonymous thank you maria", "in-qouwVPV0-01444-00311176-00311454": "another popular question is how to avoid", "in-qouwVPV0-01445-00311455-00311695": "potential selection bias towards certain", "in-qouwVPV0-01446-00311696-00311847": "topics or authors", "in-qouwVPV0-01447-00311848-00312006": "could you blind the editors to the", "in-qouwVPV0-01448-00312007-00312282": "authors could the selection be", "in-qouwVPV0-01449-00312283-00312591": "democratized", "in-qouwVPV0-01450-00312592-00312903": "yes so um to buy us", "in-qouwVPV0-01451-00312904-00313247": "for authors uh we", "in-qouwVPV0-01452-00313248-00313534": "we offer we offer this double blind", "in-qouwVPV0-01453-00313535-00313615": "process", "in-qouwVPV0-01454-00313616-00313958": "at our journals for example temple press", "in-qouwVPV0-01455-00313959-00314199": "and we have observed that it's very very", "in-qouwVPV0-01456-00314200-00314343": "rarely", "in-qouwVPV0-01457-00314344-00314695": "used by authors now we could", "in-qouwVPV0-01458-00314696-00315054": "we could uh offer that also um on", "in-qouwVPV0-01459-00315055-00315295": "on the side of review comments um we", "in-qouwVPV0-01460-00315296-00315399": "have not yet", "in-qouwVPV0-01461-00315400-00315767": "done it because we would it it makes", "in-qouwVPV0-01462-00315768-00315919": "usually the life of the journals a", "in-qouwVPV0-01463-00315920-00316103": "little bit more", "in-qouwVPV0-01464-00316104-00316391": "difficult they have more problems to see", "in-qouwVPV0-01465-00316392-00316599": "what these authors have just published", "in-qouwVPV0-01466-00316600-00316806": "last month if it's if it's super", "in-qouwVPV0-01467-00316807-00317006": "incremental results and so on", "in-qouwVPV0-01468-00317007-00317247": "it's not necessarily a sufficient reason", "in-qouwVPV0-01469-00317248-00317358": "not to do it", "in-qouwVPV0-01470-00317359-00317599": "we are concerned by potential name bias", "in-qouwVPV0-01471-00317600-00317727": "geographical biases", "in-qouwVPV0-01472-00317728-00317934": "this is something we try to monitor", "in-qouwVPV0-01473-00317935-00318047": "there is no magic", "in-qouwVPV0-01474-00318048-00318406": "bullet i can imagine that when review", "in-qouwVPV0-01475-00318407-00318663": "comments will be better established", "in-qouwVPV0-01476-00318664-00318847": "when there will be a an intense flow of", "in-qouwVPV0-01477-00318848-00319006": "manuscript going to the journals", "in-qouwVPV0-01478-00319007-00319239": "we might be in a better position to", "in-qouwVPV0-01479-00319240-00319343": "introduce that", "in-qouwVPV0-01480-00319344-00319606": "at review comments and have it also", "in-qouwVPV0-01481-00319607-00319751": "accepted by the journals", "in-qouwVPV0-01482-00319752-00319967": "so review comments of course we have to", "in-qouwVPV0-01483-00319968-00320143": "to work with this collective of 70", "in-qouwVPV0-01484-00320144-00320230": "journals", "in-qouwVPV0-01485-00320231-00320391": "we which is which is a little bit of", "in-qouwVPV0-01486-00320392-00320551": "constraint and we have to make", "in-qouwVPV0-01487-00320552-00320734": "authors happy we have to make reviewers", "in-qouwVPV0-01488-00320735-00320854": "happy but we", "in-qouwVPV0-01489-00320855-00321254": "want also to make the journals happy", "in-qouwVPV0-01490-00321255-00321695": "thank you so much thomas", "in-qouwVPV0-01491-00321696-00322006": "another question is regarding", "in-qouwVPV0-01492-00322007-00322230": "how to prepare the manuscript to submit", "in-qouwVPV0-01493-00322231-00322375": "for review comments", "in-qouwVPV0-01494-00322376-00322639": "do the authors have to fit into a", "in-qouwVPV0-01495-00322640-00322791": "particular format", "in-qouwVPV0-01496-00322792-00323119": "how how how is that uh", "in-qouwVPV0-01497-00323120-00323375": "no there are no precise requirements on", "in-qouwVPV0-01498-00323376-00323710": "on the formatting so", "in-qouwVPV0-01499-00323711-00324143": "it's uh it's very open", "in-qouwVPV0-01500-00324144-00324399": "and will other journals join review", "in-qouwVPV0-01501-00324400-00324551": "comments in the future", "in-qouwVPV0-01502-00324552-00324919": "if so uh can you give us a an insider", "in-qouwVPV0-01503-00324920-00325095": "scoop about which runners might be doing", "in-qouwVPV0-01504-00325096-00325630": "that", "in-qouwVPV0-01505-00325631-00325830": "we hope that many marginals will join", "in-qouwVPV0-01506-00325831-00325951": "and we are working on that", "in-qouwVPV0-01507-00325952-00326167": "it's um we are eight months in the", "in-qouwVPV0-01508-00326168-00326279": "project", "in-qouwVPV0-01509-00326280-00326510": "so so you probably can can understand we", "in-qouwVPV0-01510-00326511-00326606": "cannot say", "in-qouwVPV0-01511-00326607-00326919": "uh anything at that moment i think it's", "in-qouwVPV0-01512-00326920-00327158": "important for us to expand the scope", "in-qouwVPV0-01513-00327159-00327463": "uh there are some broad big fields that", "in-qouwVPV0-01514-00327464-00327519": "we should", "in-qouwVPV0-01515-00327520-00327823": "try to to recruit if you want", "in-qouwVPV0-01516-00327824-00328087": "for example biomedical oriented fields", "in-qouwVPV0-01517-00328088-00328167": "um", "in-qouwVPV0-01518-00328168-00328439": "sodium neuroscience and expand now it's", "in-qouwVPV0-01519-00328440-00328567": "very seldom molecular", "in-qouwVPV0-01520-00328568-00328758": "biology oriented and i think there is a", "in-qouwVPV0-01521-00328759-00328895": "lot of potential to", "in-qouwVPV0-01522-00328896-00329199": "broaden the approach across the entire", "in-qouwVPV0-01523-00329200-00329615": "biomedical and life science fields", "in-qouwVPV0-01524-00329616-00330030": "thank you thomas another question is", "in-qouwVPV0-01525-00330031-00330334": "about costs if you use review commons", "in-qouwVPV0-01526-00330335-00330503": "and then you decide to publish", "in-qouwVPV0-01527-00330504-00330815": "in a partner opera access journal is any", "in-qouwVPV0-01528-00330816-00331310": "of the article processing charges waiver", "in-qouwVPV0-01529-00331311-00331663": "well no not for now i mean", "in-qouwVPV0-01530-00331664-00331951": "now just to clarify review commands is", "in-qouwVPV0-01531-00331952-00332167": "completely for free for authors", "in-qouwVPV0-01532-00332168-00332351": "so it doesn't cost anything to to", "in-qouwVPV0-01533-00332352-00332551": "authors and by the way it doesn't cost", "in-qouwVPV0-01534-00332552-00332727": "anything to journals", "in-qouwVPV0-01535-00332728-00332999": "all the journals receive if you want", "in-qouwVPV0-01536-00333000-00333206": "this paper is already reviewed", "in-qouwVPV0-01537-00333207-00333495": "for free so in principle they save a lot", "in-qouwVPV0-01538-00333496-00333654": "of editorial costs", "in-qouwVPV0-01539-00333655-00333871": "because they do not have to run the", "in-qouwVPV0-01540-00333872-00334006": "period now this", "in-qouwVPV0-01541-00334007-00334310": "is a transient situation", "in-qouwVPV0-01542-00334311-00334487": "we are funded by the helmslayer", "in-qouwVPV0-01543-00334488-00334719": "foundation and we will have to establish", "in-qouwVPV0-01544-00334720-00334854": "a sustainable model", "in-qouwVPV0-01545-00334855-00335078": "they will of course there is a cost an", "in-qouwVPV0-01546-00335079-00335271": "enormous cost in running an operation", "in-qouwVPV0-01547-00335272-00335358": "like this", "in-qouwVPV0-01548-00335359-00335575": "and we will have to find a structural", "in-qouwVPV0-01549-00335576-00335663": "fees", "in-qouwVPV0-01550-00335664-00335871": "several models of course no-brainers is", "in-qouwVPV0-01551-00335872-00335975": "a peer-review", "in-qouwVPV0-01552-00335976-00336254": "fee or paid by the authors i don't know", "in-qouwVPV0-01553-00336255-00336334": "if", "in-qouwVPV0-01554-00336335-00336551": "this is something that we will do there", "in-qouwVPV0-01555-00336552-00336719": "is another model which is", "in-qouwVPV0-01556-00336720-00336919": "for every paper published with review", "in-qouwVPV0-01557-00336920-00337103": "comments we would receive", "in-qouwVPV0-01558-00337104-00337415": "some recoup of the editorial cost by the", "in-qouwVPV0-01559-00337416-00337487": "journals", "in-qouwVPV0-01560-00337488-00337639": "so we're looking into these models maybe", "in-qouwVPV0-01561-00337640-00337895": "it's going to be even a hybrid model", "in-qouwVPV0-01562-00337896-00338119": "it is still a little bit early on to to", "in-qouwVPV0-01563-00338120-00338510": "now see too many details about", "in-qouwVPV0-01564-00338511-00338775": "is there a possibility of involving and", "in-qouwVPV0-01565-00338776-00338823": "training", "in-qouwVPV0-01566-00338824-00339095": "postdocs into in reviewing papers will", "in-qouwVPV0-01567-00339096-00339254": "review comments be open", "in-qouwVPV0-01568-00339255-00339510": "to involve postdocs and i guess by", "in-qouwVPV0-01569-00339511-00339615": "extension i thought", "in-qouwVPV0-01570-00339616-00339799": "that this person didn't ask it even", "in-qouwVPV0-01571-00339800-00340582": "students", "in-qouwVPV0-01572-00340583-00340910": "yeah it's really it's a big uh idea", "in-qouwVPV0-01573-00340911-00341030": "that's not just", "in-qouwVPV0-01574-00341031-00341287": "review comments we're thinking of that", "in-qouwVPV0-01575-00341288-00341399": "uh in many ways", "in-qouwVPV0-01576-00341400-00341623": "if you look at the editorial board it is", "in-qouwVPV0-01577-00341624-00341710": "very young", "in-qouwVPV0-01578-00341711-00342071": "so that's great and um it is", "in-qouwVPV0-01579-00342072-00342367": "clear in many uh instances many journals", "in-qouwVPV0-01580-00342368-00342575": "are aware of that that post-docs", "in-qouwVPV0-01581-00342576-00342967": "assist with uh reviewing anyway i think", "in-qouwVPV0-01582-00342968-00343158": "many of us pis", "in-qouwVPV0-01583-00343159-00343430": "uh we train our postdocs to to do this", "in-qouwVPV0-01584-00343431-00343519": "properly", "in-qouwVPV0-01585-00343520-00343799": "um i think it would not be the first", "in-qouwVPV0-01586-00343800-00343895": "call of court but", "in-qouwVPV0-01587-00343896-00344095": "uh port of call but thomas maybe do you", "in-qouwVPV0-01588-00344096-00344471": "want to add what we do about that", "in-qouwVPV0-01589-00344472-00344767": "so so we really want to encourage young", "in-qouwVPV0-01590-00344768-00344839": "reviewers", "in-qouwVPV0-01591-00344840-00345095": "and early career scientists to review so", "in-qouwVPV0-01592-00345096-00345247": "this is very clear", "in-qouwVPV0-01593-00345248-00345575": "to every reviewer we ask specifically to", "in-qouwVPV0-01594-00345576-00345654": "name", "in-qouwVPV0-01595-00345655-00345934": "the the the people in the lab who", "in-qouwVPV0-01596-00345935-00346071": "co-reviewed or who", "in-qouwVPV0-01597-00346072-00346263": "actually did the review such that we can", "in-qouwVPV0-01598-00346264-00346415": "uh contact them", "in-qouwVPV0-01599-00346416-00346758": "uh next time directly the idea of to", "in-qouwVPV0-01600-00346759-00346815": "engage", "in-qouwVPV0-01601-00346816-00347134": "postdoc is very good i think there is no", "in-qouwVPV0-01602-00347135-00347439": "better way to train postdoc to go", "in-qouwVPV0-01603-00347440-00347806": "find a referee print in your field", "in-qouwVPV0-01604-00347807-00347958": "look at the reviews criticize the", "in-qouwVPV0-01605-00347959-00348247": "reviews or criticize the criticism", "in-qouwVPV0-01606-00348248-00348439": "written the reviews look how the authors", "in-qouwVPV0-01607-00348440-00348567": "have replied", "in-qouwVPV0-01608-00348568-00348799": "and i really have practical exercises i", "in-qouwVPV0-01609-00348800-00349015": "think it's a fantastic resource", "in-qouwVPV0-01610-00349016-00349247": "for journal clubs and for very educated", "in-qouwVPV0-01611-00349248-00349327": "journal club", "in-qouwVPV0-01612-00349328-00349558": "to train postdoc to do good reviews and", "in-qouwVPV0-01613-00349559-00349751": "find good examples like bad example", "in-qouwVPV0-01614-00349752-00349863": "there are plenty", "in-qouwVPV0-01615-00349864-00350030": "now and this is this is true for", "in-qouwVPV0-01616-00350031-00350239": "refrigerating but it is also true for", "in-qouwVPV0-01617-00350240-00350399": "all the journals who published", "in-qouwVPV0-01618-00350400-00350687": "reviews next to the published papers and", "in-qouwVPV0-01619-00350688-00350903": "essentially all the affiliates do that", "in-qouwVPV0-01620-00350904-00351191": "so definitely i would highly recommend", "in-qouwVPV0-01621-00351192-00351334": "to use", "in-qouwVPV0-01622-00351335-00351543": "transparent reviews in any journal club", "in-qouwVPV0-01623-00351544-00351654": "from now on", "in-qouwVPV0-01624-00351655-00351854": "to train you know to have practical", "in-qouwVPV0-01625-00351855-00352287": "training in in peer review absolutely", "in-qouwVPV0-01626-00352288-00352527": "i i think we have maybe time for the", "in-qouwVPV0-01627-00352528-00352678": "last question", "in-qouwVPV0-01628-00352679-00353006": "before we close up what is the incentive", "in-qouwVPV0-01629-00353007-00353263": "structure that review commons plans to", "in-qouwVPV0-01630-00353264-00353758": "use to scale up", "in-qouwVPV0-01631-00353759-00354087": "um so incentive for reviewers i can", "in-qouwVPV0-01632-00354088-00354271": "imagine", "in-qouwVPV0-01633-00354272-00354478": "we have a a project funded by the", "in-qouwVPV0-01634-00354479-00354615": "welcome trust", "in-qouwVPV0-01635-00354616-00354927": "to to try to to establish", "in-qouwVPV0-01636-00354928-00355182": "standards and and technologies that", "in-qouwVPV0-01637-00355183-00355358": "would allow to", "in-qouwVPV0-01638-00355359-00355639": "to implement some incentives for for", "in-qouwVPV0-01639-00355640-00355703": "reviewers", "in-qouwVPV0-01640-00355704-00355919": "especially with funders and we would", "in-qouwVPV0-01641-00355920-00356095": "like to to make this connection that has", "in-qouwVPV0-01642-00356096-00356287": "never been really formally done", "in-qouwVPV0-01643-00356288-00356495": "if you peer review as a scientist", "in-qouwVPV0-01644-00356496-00356623": "funders should know that when they", "in-qouwVPV0-01645-00356624-00356743": "evaluate your", "in-qouwVPV0-01646-00356744-00357039": "your project when they evaluate your cv", "in-qouwVPV0-01647-00357040-00357119": "that should be", "in-qouwVPV0-01648-00357120-00357415": "part of the scientific activity that is", "in-qouwVPV0-01649-00357416-00357534": "accounted for", "in-qouwVPV0-01650-00357535-00357734": "uh everybody spends all these dozens of", "in-qouwVPV0-01651-00357735-00357854": "hours", "in-qouwVPV0-01652-00357855-00358039": "so-called for free it's not for free", "in-qouwVPV0-01653-00358040-00358271": "it's the they receive a salary and", "in-qouwVPV0-01654-00358272-00358639": "and and this is corpora core activity in", "in-qouwVPV0-01655-00358640-00358799": "the scientific process", "in-qouwVPV0-01656-00358800-00359015": "that should be rewarded so so we will", "in-qouwVPV0-01657-00359016-00359158": "work with funders", "in-qouwVPV0-01658-00359159-00359334": "to establish this connection who", "in-qouwVPV0-01659-00359335-00359558": "reviewed uh if you are founder", "in-qouwVPV0-01660-00359559-00359767": "we can tell you whether and and so on to", "in-qouwVPV0-01661-00359768-00359887": "have this communication that never", "in-qouwVPV0-01662-00359888-00359991": "really existed", "in-qouwVPV0-01663-00359992-00360287": "in a formal and technical way thank you", "in-qouwVPV0-01664-00360288-00360558": "thomas", "in-qouwVPV0-01665-00360559-00361006": "so now we are about to close so i first", "in-qouwVPV0-01666-00361007-00361182": "want to thank all the panelists for an", "in-qouwVPV0-01667-00361183-00361358": "informative discussion", "in-qouwVPV0-01668-00361359-00361630": "and all the participants for their", "in-qouwVPV0-01669-00361631-00361806": "interests and questions about review", "in-qouwVPV0-01670-00361807-00361919": "commons", "in-qouwVPV0-01671-00361920-00362182": "you can learn more by following at", "in-qouwVPV0-01672-00362183-00362395": "review commons", "in-qouwVPV0-01673-00362396-00362582": "visitingreviewcommons.org and you can", "in-qouwVPV0-01674-00362583-00362687": "contact", "in-qouwVPV0-01675-00362688-00362910": "review comments directly via email at", "in-qouwVPV0-01676-00362911-00363223": "contact review commons.org", "in-qouwVPV0-01677-00363224-00363478": "i hope you have found this webinar", "in-qouwVPV0-01678-00363479-00363591": "informative", "in-qouwVPV0-01679-00363592-00363887": "and we hope to hear from you soon can i", "in-qouwVPV0-01680-00363888-00364063": "just say one last little thing", "in-qouwVPV0-01681-00364064-00364239": "because there's lots and lots of good", "in-qouwVPV0-01682-00364240-00364399": "questions in the q and a still that", "in-qouwVPV0-01683-00364400-00364527": "could be answered", "in-qouwVPV0-01684-00364528-00364767": "and perhaps jessica can find a way of", "in-qouwVPV0-01685-00364768-00364854": "posting them", "in-qouwVPV0-01686-00364855-00365182": "or uh tomorrow or sarah yeah i can", "in-qouwVPV0-01687-00365183-00365391": "generate yes i'll export them and we can", "in-qouwVPV0-01688-00365392-00365606": "answer them all at the same time so", "in-qouwVPV0-01689-00365607-00365703": "everybody", "in-qouwVPV0-01690-00365704-00365903": "jessica will you tell them where to go", "in-qouwVPV0-01691-00365904-00366054": "where they can find the answers", "in-qouwVPV0-01692-00366055-00366358": "yeah we so we will post a tweet at", "in-qouwVPV0-01693-00366359-00366647": "review commons uh which will have the", "in-qouwVPV0-01694-00366648-00366727": "expanded", "in-qouwVPV0-01695-00366728-00367078": "q a from uh from this webinar and uh", "in-qouwVPV0-01696-00367079-00367134": "perhaps", "in-qouwVPV0-01697-00367135-00367310": "we can also think about enrichings in", "in-qouwVPV0-01698-00367311-00367534": "the faq on the website so", "in-qouwVPV0-01699-00367535-00367710": "uh please follow us on twitter if you", "in-qouwVPV0-01700-00367711-00367839": "haven't already", "in-qouwVPV0-01701-00367840-00368143": "and we let us know if you have any other", "in-qouwVPV0-01702-00368144-00368534": "questions there", "in-qouwVPV0-01703-00368535-00368734": "thank you all so much and have a great", "in-qouwVPV0-01704-00368735-00368895": "day", "in-qouwVPV0-01705-00368896-00369376": "thank you everybody thanks thank you"}}, {"audio_id": "inBx2l6QAbu", "text": {"inBx2l6QAbu-00000-00000188-00000399": "[Music]", "inBx2l6QAbu-00001-00000400-00000607": "hello and welcome to barnes take", "inBx2l6QAbu-00002-00000608-00000878": "out my name is nancy anderson i'm the", "inBx2l6QAbu-00003-00000880-00001062": "gun family chief curator at the barnes", "inBx2l6QAbu-00004-00001063-00001158": "foundation", "inBx2l6QAbu-00005-00001159-00001319": "and i'm actually at the foundation today", "inBx2l6QAbu-00006-00001320-00001574": "which is very exciting i'm in my office", "inBx2l6QAbu-00007-00001575-00001743": "but i'm going to take you to the", "inBx2l6QAbu-00008-00001744-00001910": "galleries um and", "inBx2l6QAbu-00009-00001911-00002151": "i'm going to show you a painting by an", "inBx2l6QAbu-00010-00002152-00002407": "artist who i absolutely love", "inBx2l6QAbu-00011-00002408-00002687": "andre de toulouse the french 19th", "inBx2l6QAbu-00012-00002688-00002815": "century painter", "inBx2l6QAbu-00013-00002816-00003095": "he was best known for his depictions of", "inBx2l6QAbu-00014-00003096-00003215": "paris nightlife", "inBx2l6QAbu-00015-00003215-00003575": "in the late 19th century now", "inBx2l6QAbu-00016-00003576-00003879": "what you see before you is a shot of the", "inBx2l6QAbu-00017-00003879-00003975": "north wall", "inBx2l6QAbu-00018-00003976-00004175": "of room 22 so we're upstairs in the", "inBx2l6QAbu-00019-00004176-00004279": "foundation", "inBx2l6QAbu-00020-00004280-00004479": "this is a room where you see a lot of", "inBx2l6QAbu-00021-00004480-00004622": "african work", "inBx2l6QAbu-00022-00004623-00004854": "and you also see a very large cubist", "inBx2l6QAbu-00023-00004855-00004951": "painting um", "inBx2l6QAbu-00024-00004952-00005359": "from around 1913 by roger le prisoner", "inBx2l6QAbu-00025-00005360-00005479": "which is about marriage and", "inBx2l6QAbu-00026-00005480-00005702": "relationships and i don't know whether", "inBx2l6QAbu-00027-00005703-00005815": "barnes", "inBx2l6QAbu-00028-00005816-00006102": "had that in mind when he put the", "inBx2l6QAbu-00029-00006103-00006334": "painting we're going to talk about", "inBx2l6QAbu-00030-00006335-00006567": "by its side but we'll uh but that", "inBx2l6QAbu-00031-00006568-00006727": "pairing will become clearer as", "inBx2l6QAbu-00032-00006728-00006991": "i tell you a little bit more about the", "inBx2l6QAbu-00033-00006992-00007159": "working question", "inBx2l6QAbu-00034-00007159-00007559": "so if you just look towards the door", "inBx2l6QAbu-00035-00007559-00007919": "above the chair you'll see", "inBx2l6QAbu-00036-00007920-00008359": "quite a subdued canvas", "inBx2l6QAbu-00037-00008360-00008663": "distinguished by its browns and its reds", "inBx2l6QAbu-00038-00008664-00008942": "and its little flecks of white and it's", "inBx2l6QAbu-00039-00008943-00009095": "called", "inBx2l6QAbu-00040-00009096-00009446": "ammon rouge rosie la roche so just to", "inBx2l6QAbu-00041-00009447-00009574": "sort of roughly translate", "inBx2l6QAbu-00042-00009575-00009855": "uh in mont rouge which was a part of", "inBx2l6QAbu-00043-00009856-00009967": "paris", "inBx2l6QAbu-00044-00009968-00010231": "rosella rouge and rosella rouge is a", "inBx2l6QAbu-00045-00010232-00010431": "character rosa the red", "inBx2l6QAbu-00046-00010432-00010655": "and what we have here is", "inBx2l6QAbu-00047-00010656-00010878": "toulouse-lautrec", "inBx2l6QAbu-00048-00010879-00011183": "imagining a character from a song", "inBx2l6QAbu-00049-00011184-00011335": "and let's just look a little more", "inBx2l6QAbu-00050-00011336-00011846": "closely at the painting", "inBx2l6QAbu-00051-00011847-00012238": "now rosella rouge", "inBx2l6QAbu-00052-00012239-00012438": "was a character in a song as i mentioned", "inBx2l6QAbu-00053-00012439-00012631": "and the song was by", "inBx2l6QAbu-00054-00012632-00012830": "a very popular singer at the time called", "inBx2l6QAbu-00055-00012831-00013063": "aristides bruang", "inBx2l6QAbu-00056-00013063-00013486": "bruang sang in a working class dialect", "inBx2l6QAbu-00057-00013487-00013719": "in paris and he was very popular in the", "inBx2l6QAbu-00058-00013719-00013822": "nightclubs", "inBx2l6QAbu-00059-00013823-00014094": "and sometimes people said that people", "inBx2l6QAbu-00060-00014095-00014279": "you know visitors went to hear bruan", "inBx2l6QAbu-00061-00014280-00014479": "singh because they wanted to be shocked", "inBx2l6QAbu-00062-00014480-00014663": "he talked about things that people", "inBx2l6QAbu-00063-00014663-00014847": "didn't talk about um", "inBx2l6QAbu-00064-00014847-00015127": "you know the tough side of life the sex", "inBx2l6QAbu-00065-00015128-00015263": "trade", "inBx2l6QAbu-00066-00015263-00015483": "people struggling with alcoholism or", "inBx2l6QAbu-00067-00015484-00015686": "addiction", "inBx2l6QAbu-00068-00015687-00016079": "the song among which rosalie rouge", "inBx2l6QAbu-00069-00016080-00016447": "stars in really describes her", "inBx2l6QAbu-00070-00016448-00016815": "as as a prostitute he lures", "inBx2l6QAbu-00071-00016816-00017143": "clients into sort of precarious", "inBx2l6QAbu-00072-00017144-00017455": "uh places so that her pimp can take", "inBx2l6QAbu-00073-00017456-00017558": "advantage of them", "inBx2l6QAbu-00074-00017559-00017879": "um you know robbing them perhaps even um", "inBx2l6QAbu-00075-00017880-00018039": "you know there's there's overtones of", "inBx2l6QAbu-00076-00018040-00018283": "murder within the song it's quite", "inBx2l6QAbu-00077-00018284-00018407": "sinister", "inBx2l6QAbu-00078-00018408-00018927": "and here interestingly we get a feel for", "inBx2l6QAbu-00079-00018928-00019255": "that character not from um", "inBx2l6QAbu-00080-00019256-00019463": "from any kind of enticing dress but", "inBx2l6QAbu-00081-00019464-00019639": "rather from", "inBx2l6QAbu-00082-00019640-00019943": "a menacing body language", "inBx2l6QAbu-00083-00019944-00020319": "creates a body that is tense and taught", "inBx2l6QAbu-00084-00020320-00020655": "and doesn't even look at us and if you", "inBx2l6QAbu-00085-00020656-00020711": "see", "inBx2l6QAbu-00086-00020712-00020950": "this very almost defiant turn of the", "inBx2l6QAbu-00087-00020951-00021047": "head", "inBx2l6QAbu-00088-00021048-00021278": "which he describes in a very economic", "inBx2l6QAbu-00089-00021279-00021391": "way", "inBx2l6QAbu-00090-00021392-00021671": "if you look at this this this", "inBx2l6QAbu-00091-00021672-00021983": "high-resolution picture you can see", "inBx2l6QAbu-00092-00021984-00022294": "how he's using the texture of the canvas", "inBx2l6QAbu-00093-00022295-00022511": "and there's a very drawn quality to the", "inBx2l6QAbu-00094-00022512-00022694": "way that lot paints", "inBx2l6QAbu-00095-00022695-00023071": "and he he uses a very thin down paint", "inBx2l6QAbu-00096-00023072-00023447": "and he uses it quite sparsely", "inBx2l6QAbu-00097-00023448-00023719": "and there isn't any any real depth", "inBx2l6QAbu-00098-00023720-00023783": "physically", "inBx2l6QAbu-00099-00023784-00023950": "to this painting all the depth is", "inBx2l6QAbu-00100-00023951-00024255": "created by the clever placement", "inBx2l6QAbu-00101-00024256-00024558": "of color", "inBx2l6QAbu-00102-00024559-00024775": "the other thing that we know with with", "inBx2l6QAbu-00103-00024776-00024927": "loadtrex painting is that he loved a", "inBx2l6QAbu-00104-00024928-00025111": "matte surface", "inBx2l6QAbu-00105-00025112-00025367": "he he really didn't like his works to", "inBx2l6QAbu-00106-00025368-00025503": "have any kind of varnish on them he", "inBx2l6QAbu-00107-00025504-00025655": "didn't like them to shine", "inBx2l6QAbu-00108-00025656-00025967": "and here you see", "inBx2l6QAbu-00109-00025968-00026327": "what effect that creates and it really", "inBx2l6QAbu-00110-00026327-00026687": "spares us any sense of gloss this is a", "inBx2l6QAbu-00111-00026688-00026983": "roughly human work and that really seems", "inBx2l6QAbu-00112-00026983-00027374": "to fit with his choice of subject matter", "inBx2l6QAbu-00113-00027375-00027718": "now we know that the model that lautrec", "inBx2l6QAbu-00114-00027719-00027774": "uses", "inBx2l6QAbu-00115-00027775-00028062": "for this work and indeed for for over a", "inBx2l6QAbu-00116-00028063-00028231": "dozen others", "inBx2l6QAbu-00117-00028232-00028551": "is a woman called karma guden", "inBx2l6QAbu-00118-00028552-00028846": "and she was a laundress so she was", "inBx2l6QAbu-00119-00028847-00028967": "somebody that made a living", "inBx2l6QAbu-00120-00028968-00029246": "washing clothes the blouse she's wearing", "inBx2l6QAbu-00121-00029247-00029511": "is quite typical of that line of work", "inBx2l6QAbu-00122-00029512-00029846": "and lotto had seen her when he'd been", "inBx2l6QAbu-00123-00029847-00030007": "out dining with a friend", "inBx2l6QAbu-00124-00030008-00030270": "and he was attracted by her red hair", "inBx2l6QAbu-00125-00030272-00030495": "this seemed to be something that he", "inBx2l6QAbu-00126-00030495-00030687": "he really fixated on and the works that", "inBx2l6QAbu-00127-00030688-00030831": "he makes of her always", "inBx2l6QAbu-00128-00030832-00031118": "make a feature of her red hair in this", "inBx2l6QAbu-00129-00031119-00031214": "instance", "inBx2l6QAbu-00130-00031216-00031614": "you see how that red aligns through the", "inBx2l6QAbu-00131-00031616-00031895": "the hair tie at the back of her head the", "inBx2l6QAbu-00132-00031895-00032023": "color actually in", "inBx2l6QAbu-00133-00032024-00032318": "her auburn hair and also i think most", "inBx2l6QAbu-00134-00032319-00032455": "brilliantly", "inBx2l6QAbu-00135-00032456-00032767": "this little flash of red", "inBx2l6QAbu-00136-00032768-00033046": "that makes her mouth again so economic", "inBx2l6QAbu-00137-00033047-00033118": "there", "inBx2l6QAbu-00138-00033119-00033311": "at ludwig really just having this", "inBx2l6QAbu-00139-00033312-00033495": "incredible confidence", "inBx2l6QAbu-00140-00033496-00034111": "as he paints now", "inBx2l6QAbu-00141-00034112-00034471": "funnily enough after", "inBx2l6QAbu-00142-00034472-00034855": "you know three three three or so years", "inBx2l6QAbu-00143-00034856-00035255": "of painting carmen lotrek loses interest", "inBx2l6QAbu-00144-00035256-00035630": "and we know that this is because he", "inBx2l6QAbu-00145-00035631-00035767": "you know he writes this actually in a", "inBx2l6QAbu-00146-00035768-00035951": "letter to his biographer", "inBx2l6QAbu-00147-00035952-00036295": "um a close friend of his ghazi", "inBx2l6QAbu-00148-00036296-00036623": "that she changed her hair from", "inBx2l6QAbu-00149-00036624-00036935": "auburn to brown and at this moment", "inBx2l6QAbu-00150-00036936-00037207": "he loses interest entirely it does seem", "inBx2l6QAbu-00151-00037208-00037502": "to be that it's this formal quality that", "inBx2l6QAbu-00152-00037503-00037895": "that really acts as a as a magnet to him", "inBx2l6QAbu-00153-00037896-00038183": "and of course here i think there is this", "inBx2l6QAbu-00154-00038184-00038287": "wonderful sense", "inBx2l6QAbu-00155-00038288-00038639": "of it fitting so well with the character", "inBx2l6QAbu-00156-00038640-00038767": "from the song", "inBx2l6QAbu-00157-00038768-00039087": "um rosalie red or rosie rosa the", "inBx2l6QAbu-00158-00039088-00039495": "the red has not only connotations", "inBx2l6QAbu-00159-00039496-00039967": "of her her sensuality", "inBx2l6QAbu-00160-00039968-00040302": "but also of the sort of murderous", "inBx2l6QAbu-00161-00040303-00040630": "undertones of the song and and", "inBx2l6QAbu-00162-00040631-00040918": "unfortunately rosa meets a rather sad", "inBx2l6QAbu-00163-00040919-00040958": "end", "inBx2l6QAbu-00164-00040959-00041190": "in in brian's tale as she's she's", "inBx2l6QAbu-00165-00041191-00041390": "eventually murdered by her pimp", "inBx2l6QAbu-00166-00041391-00041727": "and again lord faith did not shy away", "inBx2l6QAbu-00167-00041728-00041839": "from", "inBx2l6QAbu-00168-00041840-00042167": "the the underbelly of paris", "inBx2l6QAbu-00169-00042168-00042390": "he too i think like to test the", "inBx2l6QAbu-00170-00042391-00042518": "boundaries of", "inBx2l6QAbu-00171-00042519-00042823": "of taste and and yet", "inBx2l6QAbu-00172-00042824-00043095": "somehow there's a sensitivity there too", "inBx2l6QAbu-00173-00043096-00043174": "um", "inBx2l6QAbu-00174-00043175-00043479": "he did know people well within", "inBx2l6QAbu-00175-00043480-00043790": "the sort of bohemian worlds of paris he", "inBx2l6QAbu-00176-00043791-00043974": "got close to his models he became", "inBx2l6QAbu-00177-00043975-00044135": "friends with his models", "inBx2l6QAbu-00178-00044136-00044502": "um so i think it's it's interesting to", "inBx2l6QAbu-00179-00044503-00044702": "to wonder about the circumstances in", "inBx2l6QAbu-00180-00044703-00044887": "which this picture was made", "inBx2l6QAbu-00181-00044888-00045190": "um you know somebody posing as a", "inBx2l6QAbu-00182-00045191-00045383": "character", "inBx2l6QAbu-00183-00045384-00045623": "really fixating on their individual", "inBx2l6QAbu-00184-00045624-00045687": "features", "inBx2l6QAbu-00185-00045688-00046023": "as something that could tie into that", "inBx2l6QAbu-00186-00046024-00046302": "that that fantasy if you like and and", "inBx2l6QAbu-00187-00046303-00046407": "again just", "inBx2l6QAbu-00188-00046408-00046686": "a fabulous painting in terms of the", "inBx2l6QAbu-00189-00046687-00046767": "handling of", "inBx2l6QAbu-00190-00046768-00047086": "paint the the confidence it shows us and", "inBx2l6QAbu-00191-00047087-00047286": "just you know even in the detail", "inBx2l6QAbu-00192-00047287-00047558": "like this window here just this lovely", "inBx2l6QAbu-00193-00047559-00047743": "freedom that you see", "inBx2l6QAbu-00194-00047744-00048062": "as he almost sort of then", "inBx2l6QAbu-00195-00048063-00048430": "you know works his brush out", "inBx2l6QAbu-00196-00048431-00048871": "against the dryness of the canvas", "inBx2l6QAbu-00197-00048872-00049190": "so next time you're at the barnes", "inBx2l6QAbu-00198-00049191-00049358": "foundation", "inBx2l6QAbu-00199-00049359-00049702": "be sure to take a look in room 22 and i", "inBx2l6QAbu-00200-00049703-00049735": "hope", "inBx2l6QAbu-00201-00049736-00049967": "that like me you'll develop a very soft", "inBx2l6QAbu-00202-00049968-00050190": "spot for ludrich", "inBx2l6QAbu-00203-00050191-00050399": "in the meantime stay well and i hope to", "inBx2l6QAbu-00204-00050400-00050535": "see you soon", "inBx2l6QAbu-00205-00050536-00050839": "very best bye-bye", "inBx2l6QAbu-00206-00050840-00051062": "i'm tom collins new bower family", "inBx2l6QAbu-00207-00051063-00051199": "executive director of the barnes", "inBx2l6QAbu-00208-00051200-00051302": "foundation", "inBx2l6QAbu-00209-00051303-00051542": "i hope you enjoyed barnes take out", "inBx2l6QAbu-00210-00051544-00051623": "subscribe", "inBx2l6QAbu-00211-00051624-00051799": "and make sure your post notifications", "inBx2l6QAbu-00212-00051800-00051990": "are on to get daily servings of", "inBx2l6QAbu-00213-00051991-00052270": "art thanks for watching and for your", "inBx2l6QAbu-00214-00052271-00052624": "support of the barnes foundation"}}, {"audio_id": "inDTaJiiNe4", "text": {"inDTaJiiNe4-00000-00000214-00000526": "the imaging women in the Space Age was", "inDTaJiiNe4-00001-00000527-00000767": "inspired by the anniversary of the moon", "inDTaJiiNe4-00002-00000768-00001070": "landing I wanted to show how this idea", "inDTaJiiNe4-00003-00001071-00001382": "of women in the moon really has a long", "inDTaJiiNe4-00004-00001383-00001651": "history and continues to the present day", "inDTaJiiNe4-00005-00001652-00001918": "I wanted to show how it inspired the", "inDTaJiiNe4-00006-00001919-00002222": "young women to become astronauts I had", "inDTaJiiNe4-00007-00002223-00002417": "previously written a book on female", "inDTaJiiNe4-00008-00002418-00002635": "robots which had great science fiction", "inDTaJiiNe4-00009-00002636-00002959": "figures of women in space and they stuck", "inDTaJiiNe4-00010-00002960-00003656": "in my mind well I had to gather together", "inDTaJiiNe4-00011-00003657-00004019": "many images think about what categories", "inDTaJiiNe4-00012-00004020-00004286": "they were in talk to some of the people", "inDTaJiiNe4-00013-00004287-00004535": "who are part trade such as David Newman", "inDTaJiiNe4-00014-00004536-00004927": "at MIT to get more background on her", "inDTaJiiNe4-00015-00004928-00005185": "work on spacesuits and I need a research", "inDTaJiiNe4-00016-00005186-00005549": "on women aviators who were predecessors", "inDTaJiiNe4-00017-00005550-00005926": "of the female astronauts I did speak to", "inDTaJiiNe4-00018-00005927-00006709": "astronaut mae Jemison dr. Ellen K Baker", "inDTaJiiNe4-00019-00006711-00006934": "was an American astronaut who went on", "inDTaJiiNe4-00020-00006936-00007217": "several important missions David Newman", "inDTaJiiNe4-00021-00007218-00007609": "is an MIT professor of aeronautics and", "inDTaJiiNe4-00022-00007609-00007901": "Astronautics and she's developing what", "inDTaJiiNe4-00023-00007902-00008167": "she has trademark is a bio suit which", "inDTaJiiNe4-00024-00008168-00008408": "would give face suits much greater", "inDTaJiiNe4-00025-00008409-00008501": "mobility", "inDTaJiiNe4-00026-00008502-00008756": "Efrain ass is a really fascinating short", "inDTaJiiNe4-00027-00008757-00009033": "film made by a", "inDTaJiiNe4-00028-00009034-00009453": "filmmakers and she recreated in", "inDTaJiiNe4-00029-00009454-00009970": "real-life attempt by people in Zambia to", "inDTaJiiNe4-00030-00009971-00010225": "BC Americans and the Russians to be the", "inDTaJiiNe4-00031-00010226-00010468": "first to land on the moon Carrie Times", "inDTaJiiNe4-00032-00010469-00010884": "was a woman who was a record-breaking", "inDTaJiiNe4-00033-00010885-00011308": "aviator who wanted to be an astronaut in", "inDTaJiiNe4-00034-00011309-00011716": "the 1960s and she and 13 other women", "inDTaJiiNe4-00035-00011717-00012055": "passed the same test that the mercury 7", "inDTaJiiNe4-00036-00012056-00012388": "astronauts passed and the impact they", "inDTaJiiNe4-00037-00012389-00012631": "did play well even better in some sports", "inDTaJiiNe4-00038-00012632-00012877": "but they weren't allowed into NASA's", "inDTaJiiNe4-00039-00012878-00013024": "astronaut program", "inDTaJiiNe4-00040-00013025-00013234": "these are wonderful women who were", "inDTaJiiNe4-00041-00013235-00013531": "recruited Women's Air Force Service", "inDTaJiiNe4-00042-00013532-00013936": "Pilots in World War two to free men so", "inDTaJiiNe4-00043-00013937-00014107": "they could fight in the military and", "inDTaJiiNe4-00044-00014108-00014319": "what these women did is ferried planes", "inDTaJiiNe4-00045-00014320-00014643": "from the factories to military bases", "inDTaJiiNe4-00046-00014644-00014986": "d'art first was a American actress who", "inDTaJiiNe4-00047-00014987-00015388": "was in a weird episode of lost in space", "inDTaJiiNe4-00048-00015388-00015825": "which was a 1960 sci-fi American TV", "inDTaJiiNe4-00049-00015826-00016024": "series this was during the women's", "inDTaJiiNe4-00050-00016025-00016384": "movement and the space race so she's an", "inDTaJiiNe4-00051-00016385-00016618": "extraordinary figure she's courageous", "inDTaJiiNe4-00052-00016619-00016924": "and she's she has mechanical know-how", "inDTaJiiNe4-00053-00016925-00017131": "and she's good in math she kind of", "inDTaJiiNe4-00054-00017132-00017338": "counters all the gender stereotypes that", "inDTaJiiNe4-00055-00017339-00017469": "have been floating around", "inDTaJiiNe4-00056-00017470-00017847": "I think young women seeing this will see", "inDTaJiiNe4-00057-00017848-00018088": "that there these two streams have been", "inDTaJiiNe4-00058-00018089-00018253": "talking about they're going to see", "inDTaJiiNe4-00059-00018254-00018505": "images on themselves and fashion in", "inDTaJiiNe4-00060-00018506-00018841": "science fiction but those are fantasies", "inDTaJiiNe4-00061-00018842-00019089": "and when they look at the images of", "inDTaJiiNe4-00062-00019090-00019462": "pioneering aviators like Amelia Earhart", "inDTaJiiNe4-00063-00019463-00019738": "she's in the exhibit those wasp Air", "inDTaJiiNe4-00064-00019739-00020164": "Force pilots the astronauts they will", "inDTaJiiNe4-00065-00020165-00020553": "see that they can have that kind of", "inDTaJiiNe4-00066-00020554-00020769": "pioneering spirit still and there's a", "inDTaJiiNe4-00067-00020770-00020994": "whole world waiting for them in", "inDTaJiiNe4-00068-00020995-00021274": "aeronautics and Astronautics", "inDTaJiiNe4-00069-00021275-00021514": "and space science there they're just", "inDTaJiiNe4-00070-00021515-00021669": "more and more women are becoming", "inDTaJiiNe4-00071-00021670-00021997": "principal investigators for future space", "inDTaJiiNe4-00072-00021998-00022267": "projects"}}, {"audio_id": "jogxY_-Q0ak", "text": {"jogxY_-Q0ak-00000-00000248-00000383": "hey everyone", "jogxY_-Q0ak-00001-00000384-00000743": "today on teen art club we are going to", "jogxY_-Q0ak-00002-00000744-00000878": "do our next", "jogxY_-Q0ak-00003-00000880-00001391": "artist study this month we're gonna do", "jogxY_-Q0ak-00004-00001392-00001695": "georgia o'keeffe this", "jogxY_-Q0ak-00005-00001696-00001942": "is a book that you can get at our", "jogxY_-Q0ak-00006-00001943-00002047": "library", "jogxY_-Q0ak-00007-00002048-00002239": "it's called little people big dreams and", "jogxY_-Q0ak-00008-00002240-00002439": "this is the georgio o'keeffe", "jogxY_-Q0ak-00009-00002440-00002718": "book georgia o'keeffe was a really", "jogxY_-Q0ak-00010-00002719-00002910": "really interesting american", "jogxY_-Q0ak-00011-00002911-00003311": "artist she loved painting flowers", "jogxY_-Q0ak-00012-00003311-00003638": "and pictures from nature and her", "jogxY_-Q0ak-00013-00003639-00003911": "technique was really unique because she", "jogxY_-Q0ak-00014-00003911-00003967": "would", "jogxY_-Q0ak-00015-00003968-00004279": "paint one picture but", "jogxY_-Q0ak-00016-00004280-00004527": "she would make it very very large so", "jogxY_-Q0ak-00017-00004528-00004686": "there might be one single flower", "jogxY_-Q0ak-00018-00004687-00005022": "on the piece of paper", "jogxY_-Q0ak-00019-00005023-00005335": "and it would go over the sides of", "jogxY_-Q0ak-00020-00005336-00005654": "the paper and it might make you wonder", "jogxY_-Q0ak-00021-00005655-00005759": "oh i wonder what", "jogxY_-Q0ak-00022-00005760-00006022": "that might be and she was just a really", "jogxY_-Q0ak-00023-00006023-00006143": "fascinating artist", "jogxY_-Q0ak-00024-00006144-00006367": "so today we're actually going to be", "jogxY_-Q0ak-00025-00006368-00006503": "making", "jogxY_-Q0ak-00026-00006504-00006855": "recreating some of her art and", "jogxY_-Q0ak-00027-00006856-00007191": "we'll be looking at pictures of flowers", "jogxY_-Q0ak-00028-00007192-00007278": "and", "jogxY_-Q0ak-00029-00007279-00007414": "we're going to recreate it using", "jogxY_-Q0ak-00030-00007415-00007606": "watercolor paints so let's go ahead and", "jogxY_-Q0ak-00031-00007608-00007934": "get started", "jogxY_-Q0ak-00032-00007936-00008156": "okay so we're back", "jogxY_-Q0ak-00033-00008158-00008278": "[Music]", "jogxY_-Q0ak-00034-00008279-00008414": "for this project you're going to need", "jogxY_-Q0ak-00035-00008415-00008903": "water watercolor paints", "jogxY_-Q0ak-00036-00008904-00009214": "you need a paintbrush", "jogxY_-Q0ak-00037-00009215-00009606": "and some water", "jogxY_-Q0ak-00038-00009607-00010078": "go okay i'm going to start by sketching", "jogxY_-Q0ak-00039-00010079-00010342": "i have a picture of the flower i'm going", "jogxY_-Q0ak-00040-00010343-00010438": "to paint", "jogxY_-Q0ak-00041-00010439-00010695": "and remember we need it to fill this", "jogxY_-Q0ak-00042-00010696-00011431": "whole entire piece of paper", "jogxY_-Q0ak-00043-00011432-00011863": "i'll get started here", "jogxY_-Q0ak-00044-00011864-00012199": "okay i'm gonna sketch because", "jogxY_-Q0ak-00045-00012200-00012519": "that's how i feel more comfortable", "jogxY_-Q0ak-00046-00012520-00012751": "so i'm gonna get started here with like", "jogxY_-Q0ak-00047-00012752-00013303": "the center of the flower", "jogxY_-Q0ak-00048-00013304-00013711": "and then here on the edges", "jogxY_-Q0ak-00049-00013712-00014183": "i got a picture of a flower here", "jogxY_-Q0ak-00050-00014184-00014679": "what it's gonna try to make it look like", "jogxY_-Q0ak-00051-00014680-00014975": "then i'm gonna do the outer petals we", "jogxY_-Q0ak-00052-00014976-00015207": "want some of them", "jogxY_-Q0ak-00053-00015208-00016127": "to go off the page", "jogxY_-Q0ak-00054-00016128-00016366": "so this one this pedal gonna come off", "jogxY_-Q0ak-00055-00016368-00016503": "the page", "jogxY_-Q0ak-00056-00016504-00016935": "and we'll finish it over here", "jogxY_-Q0ak-00057-00016936-00017094": "and this petal is going to start over", "jogxY_-Q0ak-00058-00017095-00017271": "here", "jogxY_-Q0ak-00059-00017272-00017871": "the page there", "jogxY_-Q0ak-00060-00017872-00018439": "i think we can make this petal", "jogxY_-Q0ak-00061-00018440-00018743": "right there okay", "jogxY_-Q0ak-00062-00018744-00018879": "so i'm going to get started with some", "jogxY_-Q0ak-00063-00018880-00019086": "watercolor paint", "jogxY_-Q0ak-00064-00019087-00019567": "i'm going to start with red", "jogxY_-Q0ak-00065-00019568-00019919": "i want to get it really wet just gonna", "jogxY_-Q0ak-00066-00019920-00020135": "start", "jogxY_-Q0ak-00067-00020136-00021083": "painting our red flower", "jogxY_-Q0ak-00068-00021084-00021486": "yep and you'll want to make sure you get", "jogxY_-Q0ak-00069-00021487-00021830": "some more water on your brush", "jogxY_-Q0ak-00070-00021831-00022303": "come over here and just fill that up", "jogxY_-Q0ak-00071-00022304-00022719": "with the red flower", "jogxY_-Q0ak-00072-00022720-00023014": "okay so this is a really good start i'm", "jogxY_-Q0ak-00073-00023015-00023150": "gonna keep on working on this", "jogxY_-Q0ak-00074-00023151-00023703": "we'll take a look when we're finished", "jogxY_-Q0ak-00075-00023704-00024111": "hey i've been working on my poppy", "jogxY_-Q0ak-00076-00024112-00024430": "flower inspired by giorgio o'keefe", "jogxY_-Q0ak-00077-00024431-00024735": "and i'm getting close so i've got some", "jogxY_-Q0ak-00078-00024736-00025063": "petals that have come", "jogxY_-Q0ak-00079-00025064-00025375": "take this out that was to protect my", "jogxY_-Q0ak-00080-00025376-00025478": "desk", "jogxY_-Q0ak-00081-00025479-00025678": "i've got some petals coming off the", "jogxY_-Q0ak-00082-00025679-00025783": "paper there", "jogxY_-Q0ak-00083-00025783-00026134": "okay and then i'm working on this center", "jogxY_-Q0ak-00084-00026135-00026439": "part", "jogxY_-Q0ak-00085-00026439-00026935": "that's what it's going to look like okay", "jogxY_-Q0ak-00086-00026936-00027302": "so i use kind of red and", "jogxY_-Q0ak-00087-00027304-00027583": "mix that around this color in the middle", "jogxY_-Q0ak-00088-00027583-00027718": "it's really dark", "jogxY_-Q0ak-00089-00027719-00027974": "kind of a purple dark so i've got purple", "jogxY_-Q0ak-00090-00027975-00028158": "and some black that i'm working on", "jogxY_-Q0ak-00091-00028160-00028944": "so i'm going to continue"}}, {"audio_id": "joy1AwXzcyA", "text": {"joy1AwXzcyA-00000-00000003-00000337": "live from San Diego California it's the", "joy1AwXzcyA-00001-00000338-00000680": "cube covering cooktop and cloud native", "joy1AwXzcyA-00002-00000681-00000932": "Cod brought to you by Red Hat the cloud", "joy1AwXzcyA-00003-00000933-00001381": "native computing foundation", "joy1AwXzcyA-00004-00001382-00001639": "welcome back I'm Stu minimun my co-host", "joy1AwXzcyA-00005-00001641-00001948": "John Troyer and this is the cubes fourth", "joy1AwXzcyA-00006-00001950-00002165": "year of coverage of cube con cloud", "joy1AwXzcyA-00007-00002166-00002405": "native con 2019 we're here in San Diego", "joy1AwXzcyA-00008-00002406-00002597": "and happy to welcome to the program a", "joy1AwXzcyA-00009-00002598-00002840": "first-time guest Omar Abdul Halim who is", "joy1AwXzcyA-00010-00002841-00003071": "the head of cloud platforms at fidelity", "joy1AwXzcyA-00011-00003072-00003329": "investment of course fidelity we love", "joy1AwXzcyA-00012-00003329-00003524": "talking to an end user big financial", "joy1AwXzcyA-00013-00003525-00003752": "company your boss was up on the main", "joy1AwXzcyA-00014-00003753-00004001": "stage in front of 8,000 people that's", "joy1AwXzcyA-00015-00004002-00004124": "not just in that room there's over", "joy1AwXzcyA-00016-00004125-00004394": "12,000 here in person", "joy1AwXzcyA-00017-00004395-00004711": "fidelity itself you know founded in 1946", "joy1AwXzcyA-00018-00004712-00005036": "first computers in 1965 in the last year", "joy1AwXzcyA-00019-00005037-00005240": "you've now got over 500 applications", "joy1AwXzcyA-00020-00005241-00005408": "running in the public cloud and fidelity", "joy1AwXzcyA-00021-00005409-00005743": "also joined the CNCs so let's start", "joy1AwXzcyA-00022-00005744-00005947": "there Armour if we would just kind of", "joy1AwXzcyA-00023-00005948-00006184": "how does fidelity look at kind of", "joy1AwXzcyA-00024-00006185-00006347": "kubernetes in the CMC f how does that", "joy1AwXzcyA-00025-00006348-00006500": "fit into a you know your company's", "joy1AwXzcyA-00026-00006501-00006701": "mission absolutely I mean thank you so", "joy1AwXzcyA-00027-00006702-00007034": "much for inviting me here innovation in", "joy1AwXzcyA-00028-00007034-00007370": "fidelity is is is like big part of the", "joy1AwXzcyA-00029-00007370-00007667": "process like we're very focused at this", "joy1AwXzcyA-00030-00007668-00007931": "time in cloud computing in machine", "joy1AwXzcyA-00031-00007931-00008003": "learning", "joy1AwXzcyA-00032-00008004-00008267": "nei technology we had the first like", "joy1AwXzcyA-00033-00008268-00008681": "financial Robo in 2015 I believe we have", "joy1AwXzcyA-00034-00008682-00008855": "the first augmented reality financial", "joy1AwXzcyA-00035-00008856-00009106": "advisor was actually like released this", "joy1AwXzcyA-00036-00009107-00009421": "year as a prototype so a bottle that", "joy1AwXzcyA-00037-00009422-00009574": "innovation we were seeing that you know", "joy1AwXzcyA-00038-00009575-00009764": "CN CF and the cloud computing and cloud", "joy1AwXzcyA-00039-00009765-00010078": "native is is the key keys like for", "joy1AwXzcyA-00040-00010079-00010370": "strategy for our innovation all right", "joy1AwXzcyA-00041-00010371-00010546": "maybe if you could give us a little bit", "joy1AwXzcyA-00042-00010547-00010810": "of kind of the breadth and depth of your", "joy1AwXzcyA-00043-00010811-00011051": "team what they cover you know what you", "joy1AwXzcyA-00044-00011052-00011231": "cloud platforms what what does that mean", "joy1AwXzcyA-00045-00011232-00011378": "inside a fidelity sure", "joy1AwXzcyA-00046-00011379-00011819": "so fidelity had over like over 10,000 of", "joy1AwXzcyA-00047-00011820-00011884": "IT", "joy1AwXzcyA-00048-00011885-00012101": "like hundreds and hundreds of DevOps", "joy1AwXzcyA-00049-00012102-00012284": "teams thousand of applications", "joy1AwXzcyA-00050-00012285-00012592": "it's a globally distributed it had all", "joy1AwXzcyA-00051-00012593-00012791": "kind of workloads that you can imagine", "joy1AwXzcyA-00052-00012792-00012971": "and it's running very high regulated", "joy1AwXzcyA-00053-00012972-00013144": "environment as well and that's what", "joy1AwXzcyA-00054-00013145-00013265": "we're seeing that we", "joy1AwXzcyA-00055-00013266-00013436": "we all looking for this autonomy between", "joy1AwXzcyA-00056-00013437-00013754": "teams and agility and improved time to", "joy1AwXzcyA-00057-00013755-00014090": "market and customer experience and that", "joy1AwXzcyA-00058-00014091-00014372": "key for that is cloud native we see in", "joy1AwXzcyA-00059-00014372-00014711": "communities and CN CF and the cloud", "joy1AwXzcyA-00060-00014712-00014915": "native technology was like a key player", "joy1AwXzcyA-00061-00014916-00015065": "for us when we go like Mark T cloud", "joy1AwXzcyA-00062-00015066-00015311": "hybrid cloud model can you talk a little", "joy1AwXzcyA-00063-00015312-00015527": "bit about more into that portfolio of", "joy1AwXzcyA-00064-00015528-00015686": "technologies and you know there's a lot", "joy1AwXzcyA-00065-00015687-00015956": "of talk about public cloud versus on", "joy1AwXzcyA-00066-00015957-00016244": "prim and as if one thing is gonna you", "joy1AwXzcyA-00067-00016244-00016385": "know one knife is gonna be the only", "joy1AwXzcyA-00068-00016386-00016529": "thing you need in your kitchen right so", "joy1AwXzcyA-00069-00016530-00016709": "I'm you have a portfolio of platforms", "joy1AwXzcyA-00070-00016710-00016910": "you have a portfolio of destinations and", "joy1AwXzcyA-00071-00016911-00017117": "a portfolio of applications can you talk", "joy1AwXzcyA-00072-00017118-00017258": "a little bit about both about what", "joy1AwXzcyA-00073-00017259-00017438": "you're using and maybe how you're", "joy1AwXzcyA-00074-00017439-00017747": "organized to to access and address all", "joy1AwXzcyA-00075-00017748-00017813": "those needs", "joy1AwXzcyA-00076-00017814-00018299": "absolutely so I think you know 2019 I", "joy1AwXzcyA-00077-00018300-00018440": "would say it's a year of multi cloud", "joy1AwXzcyA-00078-00018441-00018638": "hybrid cloud modeling right actually I", "joy1AwXzcyA-00079-00018639-00018890": "would say the 2020 is more gonna be more", "joy1AwXzcyA-00080-00018891-00019034": "about distributed cloud where you can", "joy1AwXzcyA-00081-00019035-00019232": "distribute your workload across multi", "joy1AwXzcyA-00082-00019233-00019421": "cloud providers we're not there yet I", "joy1AwXzcyA-00083-00019422-00019553": "don't think we're anyone is there yet", "joy1AwXzcyA-00084-00019554-00019673": "but at least we should start back", "joy1AwXzcyA-00085-00019674-00019853": "somewhere or he has this multi cloud", "joy1AwXzcyA-00086-00019854-00020075": "providing distributing the workload", "joy1AwXzcyA-00087-00020076-00020435": "itself between I mean it's journey to", "joy1AwXzcyA-00088-00020436-00020642": "move like thousands of applications a", "joy1AwXzcyA-00089-00020643-00020842": "thousand for cloud and data as well", "joy1AwXzcyA-00090-00020843-00021152": "between like on-premises data centers to", "joy1AwXzcyA-00091-00021153-00021308": "a public cloud you will need to move", "joy1AwXzcyA-00092-00021309-00021440": "through this journey of fiber cloud", "joy1AwXzcyA-00093-00021441-00021641": "models and be able to move apps like", "joy1AwXzcyA-00094-00021642-00021812": "slowly and gracefully to other labs all", "joy1AwXzcyA-00095-00021813-00021986": "right I'm all right I want to dig into", "joy1AwXzcyA-00096-00021987-00022127": "the what you talked about there multi", "joy1AwXzcyA-00097-00022128-00022328": "clouds so you know when you talk about", "joy1AwXzcyA-00098-00022329-00022547": "multiple clouds yes everybody has that", "joy1AwXzcyA-00099-00022548-00022763": "I've got you probably walk us through a", "joy1AwXzcyA-00100-00022764-00022901": "little bit you know where you have", "joy1AwXzcyA-00101-00022902-00023138": "workloads and how many public clouds you", "joy1AwXzcyA-00102-00023139-00023291": "use in like but I want to set you up", "joy1AwXzcyA-00103-00023292-00023438": "with it with a premise you know we've", "joy1AwXzcyA-00104-00023439-00023666": "really said for multi cloud to really be", "joy1AwXzcyA-00105-00023667-00023831": "a reality like the value that you", "joy1AwXzcyA-00106-00023832-00023993": "extract should be greater than the sum", "joy1AwXzcyA-00107-00023994-00024212": "of its parts and most of us live through", "joy1AwXzcyA-00108-00024213-00024422": "the multi-vendor years right and that", "joy1AwXzcyA-00109-00024423-00024653": "wasn't necessarily you know happiness", "joy1AwXzcyA-00110-00024654-00024844": "and joy when I had to span between those", "joy1AwXzcyA-00111-00024845-00025046": "environments so you know how do we make", "joy1AwXzcyA-00112-00025047-00025232": "sure that multi-cloud doesn't become the", "joy1AwXzcyA-00113-00025233-00025700": "least common denominator or a to what I", "joy1AwXzcyA-00114-00025701-00025883": "need to do with my data my applications", "joy1AwXzcyA-00115-00025883-00026008": "the value that the company and that's", "joy1AwXzcyA-00116-00026010-00026120": "why we were here we here actually", "joy1AwXzcyA-00117-00026120-00026267": "incorporate these and cocom for that", "joy1AwXzcyA-00118-00026268-00026474": "reason that's what he sees this abstract", "joy1AwXzcyA-00119-00026475-00026576": "lawyer", "joy1AwXzcyA-00120-00026577-00026774": "I guarantee you the portability of", "joy1AwXzcyA-00121-00026775-00026945": "moving your application from one cloud", "joy1AwXzcyA-00122-00026945-00027271": "provider to another right the capability", "joy1AwXzcyA-00123-00027272-00027424": "of like ability to deploy the same", "joy1AwXzcyA-00124-00027425-00027680": "workload into multi clouds the ability", "joy1AwXzcyA-00125-00027681-00028280": "to have the workload self-managed in", "joy1AwXzcyA-00126-00028281-00028508": "different like characteristic next to", "joy1AwXzcyA-00127-00028508-00028789": "like SS services that you will find in", "joy1AwXzcyA-00128-00028790-00029039": "AWS via a server via Google cloud the", "joy1AwXzcyA-00129-00029039-00029192": "others right that's what you need that", "joy1AwXzcyA-00130-00029193-00029420": "you know flexibility and carbonate ease", "joy1AwXzcyA-00131-00029420-00029695": "and cloud native itself the ability to", "joy1AwXzcyA-00132-00029697-00029893": "have the seem to blow able construct for", "joy1AwXzcyA-00133-00029894-00030070": "your application the ability to have the", "joy1AwXzcyA-00134-00030072-00030268": "same ecosystem around that construct and", "joy1AwXzcyA-00135-00030269-00030470": "around that artifacts the ability to", "joy1AwXzcyA-00136-00030470-00030718": "move all of that as is from one cloud", "joy1AwXzcyA-00137-00030719-00030874": "provider to another cloud provider is", "joy1AwXzcyA-00138-00030875-00031120": "big big key and that's you can only find", "joy1AwXzcyA-00139-00031122-00031295": "this period I'm re are you well can you", "joy1AwXzcyA-00140-00031295-00031487": "share like which cloud or clouds you're", "joy1AwXzcyA-00141-00031488-00031652": "working on today and what what is your", "joy1AwXzcyA-00142-00031652-00031958": "roadmap you know do you have a kind of", "joy1AwXzcyA-00143-00031958-00032114": "timeline to when that vision becomes", "joy1AwXzcyA-00144-00032114-00032402": "reality I mean at this moment where like", "joy1AwXzcyA-00145-00032402-00032567": "where was a major like cloud provider", "joy1AwXzcyA-00146-00032568-00032770": "Keys that you guys can name them all the", "joy1AwXzcyA-00147-00032771-00032980": "colors you're using all of them all the", "joy1AwXzcyA-00148-00032981-00033121": "colors okay and how are you using", "joy1AwXzcyA-00149-00033122-00033289": "kubernetes today where are you in that", "joy1AwXzcyA-00150-00033290-00033536": "journey so kubernetes is mainly i mean", "joy1AwXzcyA-00151-00033537-00033727": "outside the majority is running is still", "joy1AwXzcyA-00152-00033728-00033986": "running on premise were like very", "joy1AwXzcyA-00153-00033987-00034148": "intensively moving to a public cloud in", "joy1AwXzcyA-00154-00034149-00034345": "the community side at this moment", "joy1AwXzcyA-00155-00034346-00034624": "actually building an offer inside my", "joy1AwXzcyA-00156-00034625-00034820": "team which is a cloud platform team that", "joy1AwXzcyA-00157-00034821-00034999": "offer will guarantee that portability", "joy1AwXzcyA-00158-00035000-00035180": "between all the cloud provider so for", "joy1AwXzcyA-00159-00035181-00035462": "developing team to port our platform it", "joy1AwXzcyA-00160-00035463-00035596": "would be kind of seamless for them", "joy1AwXzcyA-00161-00035597-00035749": "where's it gonna land is it gonna be", "joy1AwXzcyA-00162-00035750-00035992": "landing in AWS or Azeris or on-premise", "joy1AwXzcyA-00163-00035993-00036177": "okay", "joy1AwXzcyA-00164-00036178-00036571": "joining the CN CF as a member bring", "joy1AwXzcyA-00165-00036572-00036776": "bring us inside you know I understand", "joy1AwXzcyA-00166-00036777-00036958": "the journey are there any specific goals", "joy1AwXzcyA-00167-00036959-00037195": "you have how do you measure kind of the", "joy1AwXzcyA-00168-00037196-00037393": "investment and you know what you're", "joy1AwXzcyA-00169-00037394-00037655": "hoping to both as a company as well as", "joy1AwXzcyA-00170-00037656-00037899": "part of the community get out of it so", "joy1AwXzcyA-00171-00037900-00038155": "we have like you know a big hub right", "joy1AwXzcyA-00172-00038156-00038437": "now in open source our project a little", "joy1AwXzcyA-00173-00038438-00038687": "project about multi clouding and our", "joy1AwXzcyA-00174-00038688-00038885": "focus is mainly about like the higher", "joy1AwXzcyA-00175-00038886-00039052": "revelation part the higher grated part", "joy1AwXzcyA-00176-00039053-00039323": "we're very focused on compliance and", "joy1AwXzcyA-00177-00039324-00039593": "security and that's where we can I think", "joy1AwXzcyA-00178-00039594-00039719": "can contribute back to his almond sauce", "joy1AwXzcyA-00179-00039720-00040010": "community around that so honor you", "joy1AwXzcyA-00180-00040011-00040172": "talked about you know we talked about", "joy1AwXzcyA-00181-00040173-00040343": "the platform's here in kubernetes but", "joy1AwXzcyA-00182-00040344-00040469": "that goes hand-in-hand with the culture", "joy1AwXzcyA-00183-00040470-00040658": "and then this upskilling and then the", "joy1AwXzcyA-00184-00040659-00040898": "organization and the processes so what", "joy1AwXzcyA-00185-00040899-00041063": "intrigued me as you said well we put", "joy1AwXzcyA-00186-00041064-00041183": "something we put things on kubernetes", "joy1AwXzcyA-00187-00041184-00041381": "on-prem and then we're and you know and", "joy1AwXzcyA-00188-00041382-00041486": "some things in the cloud but then we're", "joy1AwXzcyA-00189-00041487-00041594": "going to move some of those apps over", "joy1AwXzcyA-00190-00041595-00041810": "time we'll move to other appropriate", "joy1AwXzcyA-00191-00041811-00042050": "homes so that implies that you've you've", "joy1AwXzcyA-00192-00042051-00042293": "changed process and you've changed org", "joy1AwXzcyA-00193-00042294-00042512": "maybe to to be able to build cloud", "joy1AwXzcyA-00194-00042513-00042752": "native apps and that was actually", "joy1AwXzcyA-00195-00042753-00042974": "separate in some cases from being in the", "joy1AwXzcyA-00196-00042975-00043148": "public cloud is that can you talk a", "joy1AwXzcyA-00197-00043149-00043298": "little bit about how you've approached I", "joy1AwXzcyA-00198-00043299-00043469": "mean from the perspective of people who", "joy1AwXzcyA-00199-00043470-00043664": "are listening or watching who are you", "joy1AwXzcyA-00200-00043665-00044024": "know IT admins and wondering how a you", "joy1AwXzcyA-00201-00044025-00044165": "know a major organization like you know", "joy1AwXzcyA-00202-00044166-00044453": "your org you know gets there right and", "joy1AwXzcyA-00203-00044454-00044582": "and this is a main challenge the", "joy1AwXzcyA-00204-00044583-00044720": "challenge is not in the technology side", "joy1AwXzcyA-00205-00044721-00044951": "itself or the tools I think the majority", "joy1AwXzcyA-00206-00044952-00045182": "sir in the in the ecosystem at this", "joy1AwXzcyA-00207-00045183-00045335": "moment the challenge is mainly like", "joy1AwXzcyA-00208-00045336-00045599": "building the sculpture inside teams so", "joy1AwXzcyA-00209-00045600-00045779": "we're building like you know many like", "joy1AwXzcyA-00210-00045780-00046090": "star point or series across all of our", "joy1AwXzcyA-00211-00046091-00046253": "business unit and our all of our teams", "joy1AwXzcyA-00212-00046254-00046478": "and again like to build this culture", "joy1AwXzcyA-00213-00046479-00046748": "across 10,000 developer boss that's a", "joy1AwXzcyA-00214-00046749-00046904": "measure and it's funny because sometimes", "joy1AwXzcyA-00215-00046905-00047084": "people go what CEO is a dirty word right", "joy1AwXzcyA-00216-00047085-00047258": "go to a Siri but you said multiple co e", "joy1AwXzcyA-00217-00047259-00047414": "is distributed across just like a", "joy1AwXzcyA-00218-00047415-00047582": "nuclear reaction like our Siri is the", "joy1AwXzcyA-00219-00047583-00047744": "first one that will communicate with few", "joy1AwXzcyA-00220-00047745-00047927": "series each one of them would be with", "joy1AwXzcyA-00221-00047928-00048113": "other series and that's how that that", "joy1AwXzcyA-00222-00048114-00048323": "chain will will go and expand like", "joy1AwXzcyA-00223-00048324-00048512": "quickly alright and this is happening at", "joy1AwXzcyA-00224-00048513-00048554": "this moment", "joy1AwXzcyA-00225-00048555-00048839": "so um are I I have a few friends that", "joy1AwXzcyA-00226-00048840-00048977": "this is the first time that they've come", "joy1AwXzcyA-00227-00048978-00049235": "and they go into the keynote or they", "joy1AwXzcyA-00228-00049236-00049436": "look at the schedule and they're bit", "joy1AwXzcyA-00229-00049437-00049673": "overwhelmed they say you know it's not", "joy1AwXzcyA-00230-00049674-00049877": "just kubernetes there's you know dozens", "joy1AwXzcyA-00231-00049878-00050132": "and dozens of projects the ecosystem is", "joy1AwXzcyA-00232-00050133-00050192": "sprawling", "joy1AwXzcyA-00233-00050193-00050372": "if you could give us a little", "joy1AwXzcyA-00234-00050373-00050615": "walkthrough as to the the project you're", "joy1AwXzcyA-00235-00050616-00050840": "using any key partners that that you're", "joy1AwXzcyA-00236-00050841-00051026": "allowed to talk about that that are", "joy1AwXzcyA-00237-00051027-00051220": "useful in helping you to achieve your", "joy1AwXzcyA-00238-00051221-00051271": "mission", "joy1AwXzcyA-00239-00051272-00051715": "so so we're very focused at this moment", "joy1AwXzcyA-00240-00051716-00051817": "actually in the culminating project", "joy1AwXzcyA-00241-00051819-00052096": "itself we start exploring some of the", "joy1AwXzcyA-00242-00052097-00052345": "open source project and in the CI CDA", "joy1AwXzcyA-00243-00052346-00052479": "part", "joy1AwXzcyA-00244-00052479-00052619": "an additional two that we're starting", "joy1AwXzcyA-00245-00052620-00052776": "using like feel free frameworks like", "joy1AwXzcyA-00246-00052777-00053022": "flux this is one of the frameworks like", "joy1AwXzcyA-00247-00053023-00053262": "get-ups in general I don't like you know", "joy1AwXzcyA-00248-00053263-00053394": "building this culture of guitars", "joy1AwXzcyA-00249-00053395-00053591": "deployment and moving toward like more", "joy1AwXzcyA-00250-00053592-00053778": "observe deployment that's one of the", "joy1AwXzcyA-00251-00053779-00053904": "areas that we were very invested in", "joy1AwXzcyA-00252-00053904-00054159": "we're exploring the service mesh at this", "joy1AwXzcyA-00253-00054160-00054363": "time and I hope like you know we're", "joy1AwXzcyA-00254-00054364-00054513": "gonna get Luxor maybe next year we can", "joy1AwXzcyA-00255-00054514-00054732": "talk about service much more yeah are", "joy1AwXzcyA-00256-00054733-00054882": "there is there something that's holding", "joy1AwXzcyA-00257-00054883-00055029": "you back on service meds because there's", "joy1AwXzcyA-00258-00055029-00055229": "a few options out there and by various", "joy1AwXzcyA-00259-00055230-00055425": "maturity levels and you know who's", "joy1AwXzcyA-00260-00055426-00055707": "driving them but what will some of your", "joy1AwXzcyA-00261-00055708-00056051": "kind of criteria as be I will I would", "joy1AwXzcyA-00262-00056052-00056310": "say it's mainly I like you know I'm", "joy1AwXzcyA-00263-00056311-00056507": "waiting like a little bit more I feel", "joy1AwXzcyA-00264-00056508-00056784": "like 2 4 to 14 for me when we had that", "joy1AwXzcyA-00265-00056785-00056961": "discussion and sitting here to 14 you", "joy1AwXzcyA-00266-00056962-00057119": "will be discussing and makes us be a", "joy1AwXzcyA-00267-00057120-00057297": "carbonate Israel arm right so I think", "joy1AwXzcyA-00268-00057298-00057476": "we're it's still moment at this time at", "joy1AwXzcyA-00269-00057477-00057794": "service much as well okay any any", "joy1AwXzcyA-00270-00057795-00057954": "partners that you can speak to from a", "joy1AwXzcyA-00271-00057954-00058119": "technology standpoint that are helping", "joy1AwXzcyA-00272-00058120-00058335": "you that you're allowed to talk about or", "joy1AwXzcyA-00273-00058336-00058616": "well I mean first of all at CN CF yes", "joy1AwXzcyA-00274-00058617-00058776": "Hydra gris-gris do you have shade units", "joy1AwXzcyA-00275-00058777-00059061": "at help and says most of the public", "joy1AwXzcyA-00276-00059062-00059241": "probe is no cloud providers are helping", "joy1AwXzcyA-00277-00059241-00059804": "us in this areas as well yeah it's it's", "joy1AwXzcyA-00278-00059805-00060038": "really interested in catching you after", "joy1AwXzcyA-00279-00060039-00060191": "the show and I'm saying how you thought", "joy1AwXzcyA-00280-00060192-00060380": "I mean this is a in some ways as a", "joy1AwXzcyA-00281-00060382-00060557": "science project a few years ago and now", "joy1AwXzcyA-00282-00060558-00060750": "is this robust thing did you bring I'm", "joy1AwXzcyA-00283-00060751-00060975": "curious did you bring mostly engineers", "joy1AwXzcyA-00284-00060976-00061185": "mostly managers a mix of the two what's", "joy1AwXzcyA-00285-00061186-00061361": "the most engineers yeah yeah mostly", "joy1AwXzcyA-00286-00061362-00061698": "hands-on get get a Z all hands on I mean", "joy1AwXzcyA-00287-00061699-00061826": "this is that kind of change in culture", "joy1AwXzcyA-00288-00061827-00062025": "right now or most of our engineers are", "joy1AwXzcyA-00289-00062026-00062213": "like the next generation was their full", "joy1AwXzcyA-00290-00062214-00062487": "stack engineers were we using video", "joy1AwXzcyA-00291-00062488-00062669": "agile process at this moment to move", "joy1AwXzcyA-00292-00062670-00063000": "forward our roadmaps internet is being", "joy1AwXzcyA-00293-00063001-00063201": "published it's being used like like you", "joy1AwXzcyA-00294-00063202-00063387": "know a voting process to go like with", "joy1AwXzcyA-00295-00063388-00063629": "continuous deployment and it continuous", "joy1AwXzcyA-00296-00063630-00063755": "like you know feature enhancement for", "joy1AwXzcyA-00297-00063757-00063932": "the teams so it's it's fantastic", "joy1AwXzcyA-00298-00063933-00064313": "honestly yeah okay armor you know what", "joy1AwXzcyA-00299-00064314-00064548": "what things does your team hope to hope", "joy1AwXzcyA-00300-00064549-00064815": "to achieve this week anything that is on", "joy1AwXzcyA-00301-00064816-00065022": "your roadmap or on the public open", "joy1AwXzcyA-00302-00065023-00065163": "source for it back I'm waiting on we", "joy1AwXzcyA-00303-00065164-00065354": "definitely supporting ope", "joy1AwXzcyA-00304-00065355-00065504": "this moment I think that's honor that's", "joy1AwXzcyA-00305-00065505-00065748": "big like you know potentials are so", "joy1AwXzcyA-00306-00065749-00065955": "that's one whose area I think you know", "joy1AwXzcyA-00307-00065956-00066147": "going through the showroom and try to", "joy1AwXzcyA-00308-00066148-00066315": "see what's what's option we have as well", "joy1AwXzcyA-00309-00066316-00066462": "that's one other area where we're gonna", "joy1AwXzcyA-00310-00066463-00066684": "be very interested that OPA the the", "joy1AwXzcyA-00311-00066685-00066822": "policy agent I mean you talked about", "joy1AwXzcyA-00312-00066823-00067200": "compliance before yeah a few years ago", "joy1AwXzcyA-00313-00067201-00067482": "with a folks in the financial industry", "joy1AwXzcyA-00314-00067483-00067710": "you would have some argument some", "joy1AwXzcyA-00315-00067711-00067854": "discussions some sometimes heated", "joy1AwXzcyA-00316-00067855-00068055": "discussions about security in the cloud", "joy1AwXzcyA-00317-00068056-00068357": "and etc and highly regulated industry", "joy1AwXzcyA-00318-00068358-00068568": "yet kind of maybe ironically or somewhat", "joy1AwXzcyA-00319-00068569-00068754": "maybe surprisingly for some right very", "joy1AwXzcyA-00320-00068755-00068919": "advanced in many areas that the whole", "joy1AwXzcyA-00321-00068920-00069123": "industry that's well known if you're in", "joy1AwXzcyA-00322-00069124-00069407": "it do you still have to have discussions", "joy1AwXzcyA-00323-00069408-00069570": "about compliance and security in the", "joy1AwXzcyA-00324-00069571-00069768": "cloud maybe I guess maybe when you talk", "joy1AwXzcyA-00325-00069769-00069918": "about data locality and international", "joy1AwXzcyA-00326-00069919-00070098": "borders more and that's what we already", "joy1AwXzcyA-00327-00070099-00070284": "have our own policy management like you", "joy1AwXzcyA-00328-00070285-00070470": "know tool like which is built in we", "joy1AwXzcyA-00329-00070471-00070548": "build it ourselves", "joy1AwXzcyA-00330-00070549-00070674": "and that's where I see the potential", "joy1AwXzcyA-00331-00070675-00070836": "like are moving from building it", "joy1AwXzcyA-00332-00070837-00070974": "yourself to more of like using an", "joy1AwXzcyA-00333-00070975-00071250": "open-source project and try to reuse it", "joy1AwXzcyA-00334-00071251-00071382": "and contribute back to that common", "joy1AwXzcyA-00335-00071383-00071538": "source stick community like something", "joy1AwXzcyA-00336-00071539-00071736": "like OPA for example mm-hmm so that's", "joy1AwXzcyA-00337-00071737-00071877": "like the next generation where I see it", "joy1AwXzcyA-00338-00071878-00072030": "will help us all right", "joy1AwXzcyA-00339-00072031-00072180": "I'm already advice you'd give to your", "joy1AwXzcyA-00340-00072181-00072327": "peers out there if they're new to the", "joy1AwXzcyA-00341-00072328-00072576": "community things you've learned along", "joy1AwXzcyA-00342-00072577-00072789": "the journey so far I would say like", "joy1AwXzcyA-00343-00072790-00073023": "start small don't boil in the ocean", "joy1AwXzcyA-00344-00073024-00073296": "start to small series small pilot sprawl", "joy1AwXzcyA-00345-00073297-00073539": "program and look for success look for", "joy1AwXzcyA-00346-00073540-00073917": "the goals technology is great but that", "joy1AwXzcyA-00347-00073918-00074145": "don't just like move toward technology", "joy1AwXzcyA-00348-00074146-00074316": "because they keep moving target it's", "joy1AwXzcyA-00349-00074317-00074496": "whenever and try to set like business", "joy1AwXzcyA-00350-00074497-00074754": "goals for you and business like targets", "joy1AwXzcyA-00351-00074755-00074913": "for your projects and that's how you can", "joy1AwXzcyA-00352-00074914-00075168": "achieve successful well I'm I really", "joy1AwXzcyA-00353-00075169-00075339": "appreciate you sharing fidelity's update", "joy1AwXzcyA-00354-00075340-00075557": "I wish you and your team the best of", "joy1AwXzcyA-00355-00075558-00075738": "luck here at the show and beyond them", "joy1AwXzcyA-00356-00075739-00075869": "definitely hope to catch ups Thank You", "joy1AwXzcyA-00357-00075870-00075990": "chase all right", "joy1AwXzcyA-00358-00075991-00076197": "for John Troy I'm Stu minimun be sure to", "joy1AwXzcyA-00359-00076198-00076365": "check out the cube dotnet for all of the", "joy1AwXzcyA-00360-00076366-00076512": "coverage of this as well as all the", "joy1AwXzcyA-00361-00076513-00076761": "cloud cloud native and more shows that", "joy1AwXzcyA-00362-00076762-00077190": "we have thank you for watching the Q"}}, {"audio_id": "joKjYcSTM9U", "text": {"joKjYcSTM9U-00000-00000053-00000337": "the Earth's system governance project as", "joKjYcSTM9U-00001-00000338-00000583": "a long-term interdisciplinary social", "joKjYcSTM9U-00002-00000584-00000811": "science research program originally", "joKjYcSTM9U-00003-00000813-00001022": "developed under the auspices of the", "joKjYcSTM9U-00004-00001023-00001286": "International human dimensions program", "joKjYcSTM9U-00005-00001287-00001570": "on global environmental change it", "joKjYcSTM9U-00006-00001571-00001982": "started in January 2009", "joKjYcSTM9U-00007-00001984-00002226": "the earth system governance project", "joKjYcSTM9U-00008-00002227-00002570": "currently consists of a network of CA", "joKjYcSTM9U-00009-00002571-00002999": "300 active and about 2,300 indirectly", "joKjYcSTM9U-00010-00003000-00003256": "involved scholars from all continents", "joKjYcSTM9U-00011-00003257-00003603": "the project has evolved into the largest", "joKjYcSTM9U-00012-00003604-00003843": "social science research network in the", "joKjYcSTM9U-00013-00003844-00004035": "area of governance and global", "joKjYcSTM9U-00014-00004036-00004371": "environmental change the Earth System", "joKjYcSTM9U-00015-00004372-00004622": "governance project office is hosted at", "joKjYcSTM9U-00016-00004623-00005347": "lund university Sweden", "joKjYcSTM9U-00017-00005348-00005877": "topic aims", "joKjYcSTM9U-00018-00005878-00006135": "the Earth's system governance project", "joKjYcSTM9U-00019-00006136-00006363": "aims to contribute to science on the", "joKjYcSTM9U-00020-00006364-00006609": "large complex challenges of governance", "joKjYcSTM9U-00021-00006609-00006843": "in an era of rapid and large-scale", "joKjYcSTM9U-00022-00006844-00007196": "environmental change the project seeks", "joKjYcSTM9U-00023-00007197-00007428": "to create a better understanding of the", "joKjYcSTM9U-00024-00007429-00007719": "role of institutions organizations and", "joKjYcSTM9U-00025-00007720-00007950": "governance mechanisms by which humans", "joKjYcSTM9U-00026-00007951-00008151": "regulate their relationship with the", "joKjYcSTM9U-00027-00008152-00008460": "natural environment the Earth System", "joKjYcSTM9U-00028-00008461-00008667": "governance project aims to integrate", "joKjYcSTM9U-00029-00008668-00008969": "governance research at all levels the", "joKjYcSTM9U-00030-00008970-00009282": "project aims to examine problems of the", "joKjYcSTM9U-00031-00009283-00009560": "global Commons but also local problems", "joKjYcSTM9U-00032-00009561-00009732": "from air pollution to the preservation", "joKjYcSTM9U-00033-00009733-00010029": "of waters waste treatment or desert if", "joKjYcSTM9U-00034-00010030-00010421": "ocation and soil degradation however due", "joKjYcSTM9U-00035-00010422-00010665": "to natural interdependencies local", "joKjYcSTM9U-00036-00010666-00010845": "environmental pollution can be", "joKjYcSTM9U-00037-00010846-00011109": "transformed into changes of the global", "joKjYcSTM9U-00038-00011110-00011381": "system that affect other localities", "joKjYcSTM9U-00039-00011382-00011643": "therefore the Earth System governance", "joKjYcSTM9U-00040-00011644-00011877": "project looks at institutions and", "joKjYcSTM9U-00041-00011878-00012105": "governance processes both local and", "joKjYcSTM9U-00042-00012106-00012408": "globally the Earth System governance", "joKjYcSTM9U-00043-00012409-00012684": "project as a scientific effort but also", "joKjYcSTM9U-00044-00012685-00012975": "aims to assist policy responses to the", "joKjYcSTM9U-00045-00012976-00013172": "pressing problems of Earth System", "joKjYcSTM9U-00046-00013173-00013713": "transformation", "joKjYcSTM9U-00047-00013715-00014340": "topic conceptual framework", "joKjYcSTM9U-00048-00014341-00014585": "the Earth's system governance project", "joKjYcSTM9U-00049-00014586-00014844": "organizes its research according to a", "joKjYcSTM9U-00050-00014844-00015096": "conceptual framework guided by five", "joKjYcSTM9U-00051-00015097-00015402": "analytical problems these are the", "joKjYcSTM9U-00052-00015403-00015636": "problems of the overall architecture of", "joKjYcSTM9U-00053-00015637-00015918": "Earth System governance of agency beyond", "joKjYcSTM9U-00054-00015919-00016101": "the state and of the state of the", "joKjYcSTM9U-00055-00016102-00016329": "adaptiveness of governance mechanisms", "joKjYcSTM9U-00056-00016330-00016569": "and processes of their accountability", "joKjYcSTM9U-00057-00016570-00016767": "and legitimacy and of modes of", "joKjYcSTM9U-00058-00016768-00017013": "allocation and access in Earth System", "joKjYcSTM9U-00059-00017014-00017259": "governance the concept of Earth System", "joKjYcSTM9U-00060-00017260-00017583": "governance as defined as", "joKjYcSTM9U-00061-00017584-00017781": "the interrelated and increasingly", "joKjYcSTM9U-00062-00017782-00018016": "integrated system of formal and informal", "joKjYcSTM9U-00063-00018017-00018339": "rules rulemaking systems and actor", "joKjYcSTM9U-00064-00018340-00018609": "networks at all levels of human society", "joKjYcSTM9U-00065-00018610-00018858": "from local to global that are set up to", "joKjYcSTM9U-00066-00018859-00019070": "steer societies towards preventing", "joKjYcSTM9U-00067-00019071-00019342": "mitigating and adapting to global and", "joKjYcSTM9U-00068-00019343-00019567": "local environmental change and in", "joKjYcSTM9U-00069-00019568-00019845": "particular Earth System transformation", "joKjYcSTM9U-00070-00019846-00020055": "within the normative context of", "joKjYcSTM9U-00071-00020056-00020724": "sustainable development", "joKjYcSTM9U-00072-00020725-00021339": "topic origin and history", "joKjYcSTM9U-00073-00021340-00021702": "in 2001 the four then active global", "joKjYcSTM9U-00074-00021703-00022150": "change research programs div ers ITA s", "joKjYcSTM9U-00075-00022151-00022406": "international geosphere biosphere", "joKjYcSTM9U-00076-00022407-00022692": "programme world climate research program", "joKjYcSTM9U-00077-00022693-00022922": "an international human dimensions", "joKjYcSTM9U-00078-00022923-00023153": "program on global environmental change", "joKjYcSTM9U-00079-00023154-00023475": "agreed to intensify cooperation through", "joKjYcSTM9U-00080-00023476-00023703": "setting up an overarching Earth System", "joKjYcSTM9U-00081-00023704-00023975": "science partnership the research", "joKjYcSTM9U-00082-00023976-00024177": "communities represented in this", "joKjYcSTM9U-00083-00024178-00024444": "partnership contend in the 2001", "joKjYcSTM9U-00084-00024445-00024717": "Amsterdam Declaration on global change", "joKjYcSTM9U-00085-00024718-00024972": "that the Earth System now operates well", "joKjYcSTM9U-00086-00024973-00025218": "outside the normal state exhibited over", "joKjYcSTM9U-00087-00025219-00025487": "the past 500 thousand years and that", "joKjYcSTM9U-00088-00025488-00025752": "human activity is generating change that", "joKjYcSTM9U-00089-00025752-00025997": "extends well beyond natural variability", "joKjYcSTM9U-00090-00025998-00026433": "in some cases alarmingly so and at rates", "joKjYcSTM9U-00091-00026433-00026679": "that continue to accelerate to cope with", "joKjYcSTM9U-00092-00026680-00026901": "this challenge the four global change", "joKjYcSTM9U-00093-00026902-00027149": "research programs have called urgently", "joKjYcSTM9U-00094-00027150-00027362": "for strategies for Earth System", "joKjYcSTM9U-00095-00027363-00027732": "management in March 2007 in response to", "joKjYcSTM9U-00096-00027733-00028023": "the 2001 Amsterdam Declaration the", "joKjYcSTM9U-00097-00028024-00028179": "Scientific Committee of the", "joKjYcSTM9U-00098-00028180-00028445": "international human dimensions program", "joKjYcSTM9U-00099-00028447-00028827": "on global environmental change IH DP the", "joKjYcSTM9U-00100-00028827-00029090": "overarching social science program in", "joKjYcSTM9U-00101-00029091-00029321": "the field mandated the drafting of the", "joKjYcSTM9U-00102-00029322-00029508": "science plan of the Earth System", "joKjYcSTM9U-00103-00029508-00029746": "governance project by a newly appointed", "joKjYcSTM9U-00104-00029747-00030062": "scientific planning committee the Earth", "joKjYcSTM9U-00105-00030063-00030324": "System governance project builds on the", "joKjYcSTM9U-00106-00030325-00030549": "results of an earlier long term research", "joKjYcSTM9U-00107-00030550-00030865": "program the IH DP core project", "joKjYcSTM9U-00108-00030866-00031104": "institutional dimensions of global", "joKjYcSTM9U-00109-00031105-00031251": "environmental change", "joKjYcSTM9U-00110-00031252-00031727": "IDG EC in 2008 the Earth System", "joKjYcSTM9U-00111-00031728-00031935": "governance project was officially", "joKjYcSTM9U-00112-00031936-00032086": "launched", "joKjYcSTM9U-00113-00032087-00032461": "in 2009 the science and implementation", "joKjYcSTM9U-00114-00032462-00032660": "plan of the Earth System governance", "joKjYcSTM9U-00115-00032661-00033010": "project was published in the science and", "joKjYcSTM9U-00116-00033011-00033260": "implementation plan the conceptual", "joKjYcSTM9U-00117-00033261-00033544": "problems cross-cutting themes flagship", "joKjYcSTM9U-00118-00033545-00033796": "projects and its policy relevance are", "joKjYcSTM9U-00119-00033797-00034151": "outlined in detail the science plan was", "joKjYcSTM9U-00120-00034152-00034335": "written by an international", "joKjYcSTM9U-00121-00034336-00034573": "interdisciplinary scientific planning", "joKjYcSTM9U-00122-00034574-00034783": "committee chaired by Professor Frank", "joKjYcSTM9U-00123-00034784-00035014": "Biermann which drew on a consultative", "joKjYcSTM9U-00124-00035015-00035419": "process that started in 2004 several", "joKjYcSTM9U-00125-00035420-00035686": "working drafts of this science plan have", "joKjYcSTM9U-00126-00035687-00035923": "been presented and discussed at a series", "joKjYcSTM9U-00127-00035924-00036148": "of international events and conferences", "joKjYcSTM9U-00128-00036149-00036418": "and numerous scholars in the field as", "joKjYcSTM9U-00129-00036419-00036640": "well as practitioners have offered", "joKjYcSTM9U-00130-00036641-00036932": "suggestions advice and critique since", "joKjYcSTM9U-00131-00036933-00037177": "then the project has evolved into a", "joKjYcSTM9U-00132-00037178-00037429": "broader Research Alliance that builds on", "joKjYcSTM9U-00133-00037430-00037642": "an international network of research", "joKjYcSTM9U-00134-00037643-00037873": "centers lead faculty and research", "joKjYcSTM9U-00135-00037874-00038176": "fellows after the termination of the", "joKjYcSTM9U-00136-00038177-00038579": "IEEE HDB in 2014 the activities of the", "joKjYcSTM9U-00137-00038580-00038755": "Earth System governance Research", "joKjYcSTM9U-00138-00038756-00038935": "Alliance are supported by an", "joKjYcSTM9U-00139-00038936-00039127": "international steering group of", "joKjYcSTM9U-00140-00039128-00039367": "representatives of the main Earth System", "joKjYcSTM9U-00141-00039368-00039568": "governance research centers in the", "joKjYcSTM9U-00142-00039569-00039779": "global group of lead faculty and", "joKjYcSTM9U-00143-00039780-00040420": "research fellows", "joKjYcSTM9U-00144-00040421-00041086": "topic global research Network", "joKjYcSTM9U-00145-00041087-00041353": "for its activities and implementation", "joKjYcSTM9U-00146-00041354-00041584": "the Earth System governance project", "joKjYcSTM9U-00147-00041585-00041836": "relies on a global network of experts", "joKjYcSTM9U-00148-00041837-00042061": "from different academic and cultural", "joKjYcSTM9U-00149-00042062-00042361": "backgrounds the research network", "joKjYcSTM9U-00150-00042362-00042559": "consists of different groups of", "joKjYcSTM9U-00151-00042560-00042853": "scientific experts the Earth System", "joKjYcSTM9U-00152-00042854-00043078": "governance project operates under the", "joKjYcSTM9U-00153-00043079-00043336": "direction of a scientific steering group", "joKjYcSTM9U-00154-00043337-00043671": "chaired by Frank Berman the role of the", "joKjYcSTM9U-00155-00043672-00043890": "scientific steering committee is to", "joKjYcSTM9U-00156-00043891-00044083": "guide the implementation of the Earth", "joKjYcSTM9U-00157-00044084-00044421": "System governance science plan the lead", "joKjYcSTM9U-00158-00044422-00044653": "Faculty of the Earth System governance", "joKjYcSTM9U-00159-00044654-00044878": "project as a group of individual", "joKjYcSTM9U-00160-00044879-00045120": "scientists who take over shared", "joKjYcSTM9U-00161-00045121-00045340": "responsibility for the development of", "joKjYcSTM9U-00162-00045341-00045537": "research on particular analytical", "joKjYcSTM9U-00163-00045538-00045910": "problems Earth System governance fellows", "joKjYcSTM9U-00164-00045911-00046099": "are scientists who link their own", "joKjYcSTM9U-00165-00046100-00046290": "research projects with the broader", "joKjYcSTM9U-00166-00046291-00046543": "themes and questions raised by the Earth", "joKjYcSTM9U-00167-00046544-00046740": "System governance science and", "joKjYcSTM9U-00168-00046741-00046989": "implementation plan", "joKjYcSTM9U-00169-00046990-00047232": "an important element in the project", "joKjYcSTM9U-00170-00047233-00047490": "organization as the global alliance of", "joKjYcSTM9U-00171-00047491-00047682": "research centers that brings together", "joKjYcSTM9U-00172-00047683-00047937": "the vu University Amsterdam the", "joKjYcSTM9U-00173-00047938-00048240": "Australian National University chiangmai", "joKjYcSTM9U-00174-00048241-00048546": "university Colorado State University", "joKjYcSTM9U-00175-00048547-00048827": "lund university University of East", "joKjYcSTM9U-00176-00048828-00049107": "Anglia University of oldenburg the", "joKjYcSTM9U-00177-00049108-00049308": "Stockholm resilience Center the", "joKjYcSTM9U-00178-00049309-00049554": "University of Toronto the Tokyo", "joKjYcSTM9U-00179-00049555-00049779": "Institute of Technology and Yale", "joKjYcSTM9U-00180-00049780-00050151": "University in addition strong networks", "joKjYcSTM9U-00181-00050152-00050355": "on Earth System governance research", "joKjYcSTM9U-00182-00050356-00050700": "exist in China Latin America Central and", "joKjYcSTM9U-00183-00050701-00051390": "Eastern Europe and Russia", "joKjYcSTM9U-00184-00051391-00051971": "topic conferences", "joKjYcSTM9U-00185-00051972-00052342": "since 2007 the project has organized", "joKjYcSTM9U-00186-00052344-00052637": "major scientific conferences addressing", "joKjYcSTM9U-00187-00052638-00052853": "the topics of governance and global", "joKjYcSTM9U-00188-00052854-00053303": "environmental change including 2007", "joKjYcSTM9U-00189-00053304-00053522": "Amsterdam conference on the human", "joKjYcSTM9U-00190-00053523-00053726": "dimensions of global environmental", "joKjYcSTM9U-00191-00053727-00054107": "change Earth System governance theories", "joKjYcSTM9U-00192-00054108-00054551": "and strategies for sustainability 2008", "joKjYcSTM9U-00193-00054552-00054812": "Berlin conference on the human dimension", "joKjYcSTM9U-00194-00054813-00055166": "of global environmental change long-term", "joKjYcSTM9U-00195-00055166-00055400": "policies governing social ecological", "joKjYcSTM9U-00196-00055401-00055925": "change 2009 7th international science", "joKjYcSTM9U-00197-00055926-00056153": "conference on the human dimensions of", "joKjYcSTM9U-00198-00056154-00056465": "global environmental change social", "joKjYcSTM9U-00199-00056466-00056897": "challenges of global change 2009", "joKjYcSTM9U-00200-00056898-00057130": "Amsterdam conference on the human", "joKjYcSTM9U-00201-00057132-00057338": "dimensions of global environmental", "joKjYcSTM9U-00202-00057339-00057707": "change Earth System governance people", "joKjYcSTM9U-00203-00057708-00058109": "places and the planet 2010 Berlin", "joKjYcSTM9U-00204-00058110-00058349": "conference on the human dimensions of", "joKjYcSTM9U-00205-00058350-00058664": "global environmental change social", "joKjYcSTM9U-00206-00058665-00058934": "dimensions of environmental change in", "joKjYcSTM9U-00207-00058935-00059372": "governance 2011 Colorado conference on", "joKjYcSTM9U-00208-00059373-00059657": "Earth System governance crossing", "joKjYcSTM9U-00209-00059658-00060047": "boundaries and building bridges 2012", "joKjYcSTM9U-00210-00060048-00060373": "London France on earth system governance", "joKjYcSTM9U-00211-00060374-00060679": "towards just and legitimate Earth System", "joKjYcSTM9U-00212-00060680-00061115": "governance 2013 Tokyo conference on", "joKjYcSTM9U-00213-00061116-00061403": "earth system governance complex", "joKjYcSTM9U-00214-00061404-00061844": "architectures multiple agents 2014", "joKjYcSTM9U-00215-00061845-00062060": "norwich conference on earth system", "joKjYcSTM9U-00216-00062061-00062407": "governance allocation and access in the", "joKjYcSTM9U-00217-00062408-00062861": "Anthropocene 2015 Canberra conference on", "joKjYcSTM9U-00218-00062862-00063203": "Earth System governance democracy and", "joKjYcSTM9U-00219-00063204-00063516": "resilience in the Anthropocene", "joKjYcSTM9U-00220-00063516-00063761": "topic research output the network of", "joKjYcSTM9U-00221-00063762-00063966": "researchers affiliated with the Earth", "joKjYcSTM9U-00222-00063966-00064199": "System governance project has brought", "joKjYcSTM9U-00223-00064200-00064428": "out many reports and books and has", "joKjYcSTM9U-00224-00064429-00064591": "published in journals such as", "joKjYcSTM9U-00225-00064592-00064825": "international environmental agreements", "joKjYcSTM9U-00226-00064826-00065168": "politics law and economics ecological", "joKjYcSTM9U-00227-00065169-00065455": "economics global environmental change", "joKjYcSTM9U-00228-00065456-00065744": "environmental science and policy global", "joKjYcSTM9U-00229-00065745-00065957": "environmental politics and current", "joKjYcSTM9U-00230-00065958-00066212": "opinion in environmental sustainability", "joKjYcSTM9U-00231-00066213-00066453": "recurring research topics of the Earth", "joKjYcSTM9U-00232-00066454-00066680": "System governance project are water", "joKjYcSTM9U-00233-00066681-00066903": "governance climate governance and", "joKjYcSTM9U-00234-00066904-00067134": "fragmentation of global environmental", "joKjYcSTM9U-00235-00067135-00067424": "governance a related MIT press book", "joKjYcSTM9U-00236-00067425-00067619": "series as designed to address the", "joKjYcSTM9U-00237-00067620-00067829": "research challenge of Earth System", "joKjYcSTM9U-00238-00067830-00067957": "governance", "joKjYcSTM9U-00239-00067958-00068219": "additionally the project publishes", "joKjYcSTM9U-00240-00068220-00068465": "regular working papers which are peer", "joKjYcSTM9U-00241-00068466-00068690": "reviewed online publications that", "joKjYcSTM9U-00242-00068691-00068942": "broadly address questions raised by the", "joKjYcSTM9U-00243-00068943-00069292": "project science and implementation plan", "joKjYcSTM9U-00244-00069293-00069584": "several special issues of topics related", "joKjYcSTM9U-00245-00069585-00069809": "to Earth System governance have been", "joKjYcSTM9U-00246-00069810-00070061": "published in scientific journals over", "joKjYcSTM9U-00247-00070062-00070463": "the last years August 2010 special issue", "joKjYcSTM9U-00248-00070464-00070766": "on transparency in global environmental", "joKjYcSTM9U-00249-00070767-00071063": "governance global environmental politics", "joKjYcSTM9U-00250-00071064-00071385": "November 2011 special issue on Earth", "joKjYcSTM9U-00251-00071386-00071597": "System governance international", "joKjYcSTM9U-00252-00071598-00071918": "environmental agreement politics law and", "joKjYcSTM9U-00253-00071919-00072253": "economics February 2011 special issue", "joKjYcSTM9U-00254-00072254-00072509": "agency in Earth System governance", "joKjYcSTM9U-00255-00072510-00072748": "international environmental agreements", "joKjYcSTM9U-00256-00072749-00073055": "politics law and economics September", "joKjYcSTM9U-00257-00073056-00073391": "2011 special issue on accountability in", "joKjYcSTM9U-00258-00073392-00073628": "Earth System governance ecological", "joKjYcSTM9U-00259-00073629-00073965": "economics February 2012 transforming", "joKjYcSTM9U-00260-00073966-00074210": "governance and institutions of global", "joKjYcSTM9U-00261-00074211-00074456": "sustainability key insights from the", "joKjYcSTM9U-00262-00074457-00074702": "Earth System governance project current", "joKjYcSTM9U-00263-00074703-00074899": "opinion in environmental sustainability", "joKjYcSTM9U-00264-00074900-00075278": "March 2012 navigating the Anthropocene", "joKjYcSTM9U-00265-00075279-00075494": "improving Earth System governance", "joKjYcSTM9U-00266-00075495-00075818": "science March 2013 sustainable", "joKjYcSTM9U-00267-00075819-00076052": "development goals for people and planet", "joKjYcSTM9U-00268-00076053-00076292": "nature March 2014", "joKjYcSTM9U-00269-00076293-00076590": "special issue sustainable development in", "joKjYcSTM9U-00270-00076591-00076880": "a globalized world the Journal of", "joKjYcSTM9U-00271-00076881-00077196": "and development May 2014 Earth's system", "joKjYcSTM9U-00272-00077197-00077417": "challenges and a multi-layered approach", "joKjYcSTM9U-00273-00077418-00077671": "for the sustainable development goals", "joKjYcSTM9U-00274-00077672-00078248": "post-2015 un u IAS policy brief NR the", "joKjYcSTM9U-00275-00078249-00078452": "1st of May 2014", "joKjYcSTM9U-00276-00078453-00078677": "linking education and water in the", "joKjYcSTM9U-00277-00078678-00078965": "sustainable development goals post-2015", "joKjYcSTM9U-00278-00078966-00079507": "un u IAS policy brief NR point - made", "joKjYcSTM9U-00279-00079508-00079815": "2014 integrating governance into the", "joKjYcSTM9U-00280-00079816-00080102": "sustainable development goals post-2015", "joKjYcSTM9U-00281-00080103-00081089": "un u IAS policy brief NR 3", "joKjYcSTM9U-00282-00081090-00081736": "topic education programs", "joKjYcSTM9U-00283-00081737-00082000": "Earth System governance as a research", "joKjYcSTM9U-00284-00082001-00082237": "object as quickly emerging and as a", "joKjYcSTM9U-00285-00082238-00082489": "consequence the number of education", "joKjYcSTM9U-00286-00082490-00082783": "programs on bachelor master and doctoral", "joKjYcSTM9U-00287-00082784-00083029": "level related to Earth System governance", "joKjYcSTM9U-00288-00083030-00083320": "steadily increases a number of", "joKjYcSTM9U-00289-00083321-00083547": "institutes and universities currently", "joKjYcSTM9U-00290-00083548-00083803": "collaborate in a global alliance of", "joKjYcSTM9U-00291-00083804-00084043": "Earth System governance research centers", "joKjYcSTM9U-00292-00084044-00084445": "including eco systems resilience and", "joKjYcSTM9U-00293-00084446-00084712": "governance University of Stockholm and", "joKjYcSTM9U-00294-00084713-00085074": "Stockholm resilience centre Sweden", "joKjYcSTM9U-00295-00085075-00085324": "environmental studies and sustainability", "joKjYcSTM9U-00296-00085325-00085630": "science looms international master's", "joKjYcSTM9U-00297-00085631-00085901": "programme lund university sweden", "joKjYcSTM9U-00298-00085902-00086013": "[Music]", "joKjYcSTM9U-00299-00086014-00086299": "environment and resource management vu", "joKjYcSTM9U-00300-00086300-00086628": "university Amsterdam the Netherlands", "joKjYcSTM9U-00301-00086629-00086910": "global environmental governance", "joKjYcSTM9U-00302-00086911-00087205": "specialization track in MSC political", "joKjYcSTM9U-00303-00087206-00087274": "science", "joKjYcSTM9U-00304-00087275-00087609": "vu University Amsterdam the Netherlands", "joKjYcSTM9U-00305-00087610-00087928": "lund university centre of excellence for", "joKjYcSTM9U-00306-00087929-00088165": "integration of social and natural", "joKjYcSTM9U-00307-00088166-00088423": "dimensions of sustainability lucid", "joKjYcSTM9U-00308-00088424-00088878": "research school lund university sweden", "joKjYcSTM9U-00309-00088879-00089118": "sustainability economics and management", "joKjYcSTM9U-00310-00089119-00089479": "MSC programme university of oldenburg", "joKjYcSTM9U-00311-00089480-00089854": "germany environmental governance related", "joKjYcSTM9U-00312-00089855-00090292": "programs ma MSC and PhD programmes", "joKjYcSTM9U-00313-00090293-00090628": "Colorado State University United States", "joKjYcSTM9U-00314-00090629-00090969": "of America Environment and development", "joKjYcSTM9U-00315-00090970-00091093": "programs", "joKjYcSTM9U-00316-00091094-00091585": "MSC MREs and MBA programs University of", "joKjYcSTM9U-00317-00091586-00091888": "East Anglia United Kingdom a substantial", "joKjYcSTM9U-00318-00091889-00092110": "number of the workshops and other events", "joKjYcSTM9U-00319-00092111-00092302": "of the project are capacity-building", "joKjYcSTM9U-00320-00092303-00092725": "activities the project also organizes", "joKjYcSTM9U-00321-00092726-00093004": "endorses and provides teaching to summer", "joKjYcSTM9U-00322-00093005-00093274": "schools and capacity-building events and", "joKjYcSTM9U-00323-00093275-00093442": "programs", "joKjYcSTM9U-00324-00093443-00093658": "in addition members of the scientific", "joKjYcSTM9U-00325-00093659-00093880": "steering group and staff of the", "joKjYcSTM9U-00326-00093881-00094132": "International project office give guest", "joKjYcSTM9U-00327-00094133-00094819": "lectures around the world", "joKjYcSTM9U-00328-00094820-00095410": "topic task forces", "joKjYcSTM9U-00329-00095411-00095658": "the Earth's system governance project", "joKjYcSTM9U-00330-00095659-00095968": "organizes task forces international", "joKjYcSTM9U-00331-00095969-00096178": "networks of senior and early career", "joKjYcSTM9U-00332-00096179-00096442": "scholars with a series of working groups", "joKjYcSTM9U-00333-00096443-00096724": "focused on particular ideas or idea", "joKjYcSTM9U-00334-00096725-00097063": "clusters there are currently two active", "joKjYcSTM9U-00335-00097064-00097281": "task force's", "joKjYcSTM9U-00336-00097282-00097584": "taskforce on conceptual foundations of", "joKjYcSTM9U-00337-00097585-00097794": "Earth System governance this taskforce", "joKjYcSTM9U-00338-00097795-00098121": "aims to explore key concepts with regard", "joKjYcSTM9U-00339-00098122-00098346": "to Earth System governance such as", "joKjYcSTM9U-00340-00098347-00098585": "planetary boundaries green economy", "joKjYcSTM9U-00341-00098586-00098940": "resilience and the Anthropocene it aims", "joKjYcSTM9U-00342-00098941-00099177": "to critically examine and further refine", "joKjYcSTM9U-00343-00099178-00099603": "these novel governance ideas Task Force", "joKjYcSTM9U-00344-00099604-00099825": "on methodology for Earth System", "joKjYcSTM9U-00345-00099826-00100044": "governance research this task force", "joKjYcSTM9U-00346-00100045-00100314": "seeks aims to advance quantitative Earth", "joKjYcSTM9U-00347-00100315-00100548": "System governance research by promoting", "joKjYcSTM9U-00348-00100549-00100727": "new international research", "joKjYcSTM9U-00349-00100728-00101010": "collaborations fostering interaction and", "joKjYcSTM9U-00350-00101011-00101223": "dialogue among existing research", "joKjYcSTM9U-00351-00101224-00101493": "projects and developing architectures to", "joKjYcSTM9U-00352-00101494-00101673": "promote the building and sharing of", "joKjYcSTM9U-00353-00101674-00102275": "datasets", "joKjYcSTM9U-00354-00102276-00102889": "topic policy influence", "joKjYcSTM9U-00355-00102890-00103204": "in 2011 the earth system governance", "joKjYcSTM9U-00356-00103205-00103417": "project launched an initiative on", "joKjYcSTM9U-00357-00103418-00103674": "international environmental governance", "joKjYcSTM9U-00358-00103675-00103996": "this initiative aims to provide a forum", "joKjYcSTM9U-00359-00103997-00104197": "for discussion of current and ongoing", "joKjYcSTM9U-00360-00104198-00104473": "research on international environmental", "joKjYcSTM9U-00361-00104474-00104689": "governance and the institutional", "joKjYcSTM9U-00362-00104690-00104934": "framework for sustainable development in", "joKjYcSTM9U-00363-00104935-00105214": "the period leading up to the 2012 United", "joKjYcSTM9U-00364-00105215-00105434": "Nations conference on sustainable", "joKjYcSTM9U-00365-00105435-00105778": "development in Rio de Janeiro also known", "joKjYcSTM9U-00366-00105779-00106189": "as Rio +20 in addition the initiative", "joKjYcSTM9U-00367-00106190-00106438": "aims to target decision-makers and to", "joKjYcSTM9U-00368-00106439-00106624": "contribute not just to a better", "joKjYcSTM9U-00369-00106625-00106864": "understanding but also to actual", "joKjYcSTM9U-00370-00106865-00107044": "improvements in international", "joKjYcSTM9U-00371-00107045-00107272": "environmental governance towards an", "joKjYcSTM9U-00372-00107273-00107481": "institutional framework that enables", "joKjYcSTM9U-00373-00107482-00107815": "sustainable development", "joKjYcSTM9U-00374-00107816-00108178": "you", "joKjYcSTM9U-00375-00108179-00108733": "topic context", "joKjYcSTM9U-00376-00108734-00108977": "there is widespread support for the", "joKjYcSTM9U-00377-00108978-00109210": "Earth System governance project in the", "joKjYcSTM9U-00378-00109211-00109469": "scientific community which is reflected", "joKjYcSTM9U-00379-00109470-00109697": "in the size of the research network and", "joKjYcSTM9U-00380-00109698-00109959": "in various publications by experts", "joKjYcSTM9U-00381-00109960-00110303": "however criticisms of the Earth System", "joKjYcSTM9U-00382-00110304-00110663": "governance project have also been made", "joKjYcSTM9U-00383-00110664-00110840": "in an internal report of the", "joKjYcSTM9U-00384-00110841-00111095": "international human dimensions program", "joKjYcSTM9U-00385-00111096-00111317": "it is stated that the steering group of", "joKjYcSTM9U-00386-00111318-00111542": "the Earth System governance project as", "joKjYcSTM9U-00387-00111543-00111848": "too much dominated by experts from osed", "joKjYcSTM9U-00388-00111849-00112217": "countries since then the Earth System", "joKjYcSTM9U-00389-00112218-00112451": "governance project has actively sought", "joKjYcSTM9U-00390-00112452-00112670": "ways to involve experts from different", "joKjYcSTM9U-00391-00112671-00113018": "regions of the world the idea of Earth", "joKjYcSTM9U-00392-00113019-00113225": "System governance has also been", "joKjYcSTM9U-00393-00113226-00113498": "criticized for being too top-down for", "joKjYcSTM9U-00394-00113499-00113741": "placing too much emphasis on global", "joKjYcSTM9U-00395-00113742-00114053": "governance structures according to Mike", "joKjYcSTM9U-00396-00114054-00114326": "home Earth System governance represents", "joKjYcSTM9U-00397-00114327-00114575": "an attempt to geopolitically engineer", "joKjYcSTM9U-00398-00114576-00114905": "our way out of the climate crisis he", "joKjYcSTM9U-00399-00114906-00115084": "questions whether the climate is", "joKjYcSTM9U-00400-00115085-00115316": "governing and argues that it is way too", "joKjYcSTM9U-00401-00115317-00115604": "optimistic and even hubristic to attempt", "joKjYcSTM9U-00402-00115605-00115810": "to control the global climate by", "joKjYcSTM9U-00403-00115811-00116136": "universal governance regimes this", "joKjYcSTM9U-00404-00116138-00116369": "interpretation of the novel concept", "joKjYcSTM9U-00405-00116370-00116608": "however has been rejected by other", "joKjYcSTM9U-00406-00116609-00116825": "scholars as being too narrow and", "joKjYcSTM9U-00407-00116826-00117333": "misleading", "joKjYcSTM9U-00408-00117333-00117948": "topic related projects", "joKjYcSTM9U-00409-00117949-00118309": "Earth System science partnership", "joKjYcSTM9U-00410-00118310-00118559": "International geosphere biosphere", "joKjYcSTM9U-00411-00118560-00118947": "program international human dimensions", "joKjYcSTM9U-00412-00118948-00119452": "program world climate research program", "joKjYcSTM9U-00413-00119453-00119885": "div ers ITA s an international program", "joKjYcSTM9U-00414-00119886-00120300": "for biodiversity research global carbon", "joKjYcSTM9U-00415-00120301-00120693": "project land ocean interactions in the", "joKjYcSTM9U-00416-00120694-00121184": "coastal zone global land project", "joKjYcSTM9U-00417-00121185-00121419": "urbanization and global environmental", "joKjYcSTM9U-00418-00121420-00121808": "change project global water system", "joKjYcSTM9U-00419-00121809-00122314": "project", "joKjYcSTM9U-00420-00122315-00122882": "topic see also", "joKjYcSTM9U-00421-00122883-00123360": "the Anthropocene climate governance", "joKjYcSTM9U-00422-00123361-00123621": "Earth System governance", "joKjYcSTM9U-00423-00123622-00123873": "earth system analysis earth system", "joKjYcSTM9U-00424-00123874-00124419": "science ecological economics ecological", "joKjYcSTM9U-00425-00124420-00124907": "modernization environmental governance", "joKjYcSTM9U-00426-00124908-00125288": "environmental policy environmental", "joKjYcSTM9U-00427-00125289-00125461": "science", "joKjYcSTM9U-00428-00125463-00125969": "Global carbon project Global Change", "joKjYcSTM9U-00429-00125970-00126320": "global governance global environmental", "joKjYcSTM9U-00430-00126321-00126789": "governance global land project", "joKjYcSTM9U-00431-00126790-00127294": "multi-level governance social science", "joKjYcSTM9U-00432-00127295-00127670": "sustainable development sustainability", "joKjYcSTM9U-00433-00127671-00128136": "governance sustainability science", "joKjYcSTM9U-00434-00128138-00128452": "planetary boundaries asterisk transition", "joKjYcSTM9U-00435-00128453-00128803": "management urbanization and global", "joKjYcSTM9U-00436-00128804-00129323": "environmental change project you GEC"}}, {"audio_id": "joKo3l6eyoo", "text": {"joKo3l6eyoo-00000-00000460-00000994": "but he said what makes a movie a success", "joKo3l6eyoo-00001-00000994-00001322": "and I believe it probably what helps", "joKo3l6eyoo-00002-00001323-00001768": "build your career his five memorable", "joKo3l6eyoo-00003-00001769-00002072": "moments he said it's the five moments", "joKo3l6eyoo-00004-00002073-00002279": "when you walk out the movie house and", "joKo3l6eyoo-00005-00002280-00002504": "you say to your friends how could you", "joKo3l6eyoo-00006-00002505-00002767": "believe that opening did you know that", "joKo3l6eyoo-00007-00002768-00003133": "was gonna happen where did the little", "joKo3l6eyoo-00008-00003134-00003575": "boy know that he was dead and then you", "joKo3l6eyoo-00009-00003576-00003722": "go to work the next day and say you have", "joKo3l6eyoo-00010-00003722-00003893": "got to see this movie I can't tell you", "joKo3l6eyoo-00011-00003894-00004165": "but you've got to see it you start", "joKo3l6eyoo-00012-00004166-00004675": "retelling the scenes have you felt and", "joKo3l6eyoo-00013-00004676-00004969": "don't you think when you talk about", "joKo3l6eyoo-00014-00004970-00005345": "Peter leg telling the story about", "joKo3l6eyoo-00015-00005346-00005686": "surprising his daughter in London or", "joKo3l6eyoo-00016-00005687-00005945": "saying goodbye to his father for the", "joKo3l6eyoo-00017-00005946-00006227": "last time or sing Vince on that chair", "joKo3l6eyoo-00018-00006228-00006445": "aren't these the moments that you're", "joKo3l6eyoo-00019-00006447-00006659": "going to talk about and I would", "joKo3l6eyoo-00020-00006659-00007009": "challenge us all to look at our", "joKo3l6eyoo-00021-00007009-00007267": "presentations and see where at the", "joKo3l6eyoo-00022-00007268-00007570": "moments and certainly the emotional", "joKo3l6eyoo-00023-00007572-00007896": "connection when an audience says wow", "joKo3l6eyoo-00024-00007897-00008177": "they're talking just to me that'll be a", "joKo3l6eyoo-00025-00008178-00008425": "moment"}}, {"audio_id": "joMbEZ1_St4", "text": {"joMbEZ1_St4-00000-00000111-00000411": "foreign"}}, {"audio_id": "joN227_OCKU", "text": {"joN227_OCKU-00000-00000023-00000326": "for other periods see British Indian", "joN227_OCKU-00001-00000327-00000668": "Army for Indians fighting with Imperial", "joN227_OCKU-00002-00000669-00001016": "Japan see Indian National Army for", "joN227_OCKU-00003-00001017-00001268": "Indians fighting with Nazi Germany see", "joN227_OCKU-00004-00001269-00001568": "Indian Legion the British Indian Army", "joN227_OCKU-00005-00001569-00001834": "during World War two began the war in", "joN227_OCKU-00006-00001835-00002293": "1939 numbering just under 200,000 men by", "joN227_OCKU-00007-00002294-00002489": "the end of the war it had become the", "joN227_OCKU-00008-00002490-00002758": "largest volunteer army in history rising", "joN227_OCKU-00009-00002759-00003151": "to over 2.5 million men in August 1945", "joN227_OCKU-00010-00003152-00003454": "serving in divisions of infantry armor", "joN227_OCKU-00011-00003455-00003650": "and a fledgling airborne force they", "joN227_OCKU-00012-00003651-00003869": "fought on three continents in Africa", "joN227_OCKU-00013-00003870-00004090": "Europe and Asia the British Indian Army", "joN227_OCKU-00014-00004092-00004340": "fought in Ethiopia against the Italian", "joN227_OCKU-00015-00004341-00004654": "Army in Egypt Libya Tunisia and Algeria", "joN227_OCKU-00016-00004655-00004919": "against both the Italian and German army", "joN227_OCKU-00017-00004920-00005174": "and after the Italian surrender against", "joN227_OCKU-00018-00005175-00005465": "the German Army in Italy however the", "joN227_OCKU-00019-00005466-00005693": "bulk of the Indian army was committed to", "joN227_OCKU-00020-00005694-00005918": "fighting the Japanese army first during", "joN227_OCKU-00021-00005919-00006122": "the British defeats in Malaya and the", "joN227_OCKU-00022-00006123-00006317": "retreat from Burma to the Indian border", "joN227_OCKU-00023-00006318-00006575": "later after resting and refitting for", "joN227_OCKU-00024-00006576-00006784": "the victorious advance back into Burma", "joN227_OCKU-00025-00006786-00007016": "as part of the largest British Empire", "joN227_OCKU-00026-00007017-00007331": "army ever formed these campaigns cost", "joN227_OCKU-00027-00007331-00007585": "the lives of over 87,000 Indian", "joN227_OCKU-00028-00007586-00007991": "servicemen while another 34,000 354 were", "joN227_OCKU-00029-00007992-00008374": "wounded and 67,000 340 became prisoners", "joN227_OCKU-00030-00008375-00008692": "of war their valour was recognized with", "joN227_OCKU-00031-00008693-00008963": "the award of some 4000 decorations and", "joN227_OCKU-00032-00008964-00009191": "18 members of the Indian army were", "joN227_OCKU-00033-00009192-00009419": "awarded the Victoria Cross or the George", "joN227_OCKU-00034-00009420-00009719": "Cross Field Marshal Cawdor connect", "joN227_OCKU-00035-00009720-00009959": "commander-in-chief of the Indian Army", "joN227_OCKU-00036-00009960-00010228": "from 1942 asserted that the British", "joN227_OCKU-00037-00010229-00010453": "couldn't have come through both walls", "joN227_OCKU-00038-00010454-00010733": "World War one and two if they hadn't had", "joN227_OCKU-00039-00010734-00010903": "the Indian army", "joN227_OCKU-00040-00010904-00011171": "British Prime Minister Winston Churchill", "joN227_OCKU-00041-00011172-00011413": "also paid tribute to the unsurpassed", "joN227_OCKU-00042-00011414-00012181": "bravery of Indian soldiers and officers", "joN227_OCKU-00043-00012182-00012721": "topic background", "joN227_OCKU-00044-00012722-00013027": "in 1939 the Indian Army was an", "joN227_OCKU-00045-00013028-00013252": "experienced force having fought in the", "joN227_OCKU-00046-00013253-00013513": "third Afghan war two major campaigns in", "joN227_OCKU-00047-00013513-00013933": "Waziristan during 1919 1920 in 1936 to", "joN227_OCKU-00048-00013934-00014266": "1939 and in several smaller disputes on", "joN227_OCKU-00049-00014266-00014472": "the Northwest Frontier since the first", "joN227_OCKU-00050-00014474-00014749": "world war there was no shortage of", "joN227_OCKU-00051-00014750-00014991": "manpower to call upon but the army did", "joN227_OCKU-00052-00014993-00015178": "suffer from a shortage of skilled", "joN227_OCKU-00053-00015179-00015463": "technical personnel the conversion of", "joN227_OCKU-00054-00015463-00015700": "the cavalry force into a mechanized tank", "joN227_OCKU-00055-00015701-00015901": "force had only just begun and was", "joN227_OCKU-00056-00015902-00016113": "hampered by the inability to supply", "joN227_OCKU-00057-00016115-00016321": "adequate numbers of tanks and armored", "joN227_OCKU-00058-00016322-00016750": "vehicles in 1939 British officials had", "joN227_OCKU-00059-00016751-00016972": "no plan for expansion and training of", "joN227_OCKU-00060-00016973-00017250": "Indian forces which comprised about", "joN227_OCKU-00061-00017251-00017545": "130,000 men in addition there were 44", "joN227_OCKU-00062-00017546-00017779": "thousand men in British units in India", "joN227_OCKU-00063-00017780-00018127": "in 1939 their mission was internal", "joN227_OCKU-00064-00018128-00018334": "security and defense against a possible", "joN227_OCKU-00065-00018335-00018567": "Russian threat through Afghanistan as", "joN227_OCKU-00066-00018568-00018883": "the war progressed the size and role of", "joN227_OCKU-00067-00018884-00019096": "the Indian Army expanded dramatically", "joN227_OCKU-00068-00019097-00019327": "and troops were sent to battle fronts as", "joN227_OCKU-00069-00019328-00019594": "soon as possible the most serious", "joN227_OCKU-00070-00019595-00020248": "problem was lack of equipment", "joN227_OCKU-00071-00020249-00020818": "topic organization", "joN227_OCKU-00072-00020819-00021142": "the indian army of 1939 was different", "joN227_OCKU-00073-00021143-00021331": "from the Indian Army during World War", "joN227_OCKU-00074-00021332-00021667": "one it had been reformed in 1922 moving", "joN227_OCKU-00075-00021668-00021910": "away from single battalion regiments to", "joN227_OCKU-00076-00021911-00022234": "multi battalion regiments overall the", "joN227_OCKU-00077-00022235-00022474": "army was reduced to twenty-one cavalry", "joN227_OCKU-00078-00022475-00022767": "regiments and 107 infantry battalions", "joN227_OCKU-00079-00022768-00023080": "the field army now consisted of four", "joN227_OCKU-00080-00023081-00023302": "infantry divisions and five cavalry", "joN227_OCKU-00081-00023303-00023596": "brigades there was a covering force of", "joN227_OCKU-00082-00023597-00023815": "12 infantry brigades to protect the", "joN227_OCKU-00083-00023816-00024037": "Northwest Frontier from incursions and", "joN227_OCKU-00084-00024038-00024310": "one-third of the infantry 43 battalions", "joN227_OCKU-00085-00024311-00024571": "were allocated to internal security and", "joN227_OCKU-00086-00024572-00024922": "to aid the civil power in the 1930s the", "joN227_OCKU-00087-00024923-00025120": "Indian army began a program of", "joN227_OCKU-00088-00025121-00025351": "modernization they now had their own", "joN227_OCKU-00089-00025352-00025585": "artillery the Indian Artillery Regiment", "joN227_OCKU-00090-00025586-00025914": "and the cavalry had started to mechanize", "joN227_OCKU-00091-00025914-00026332": "by 1936 the Indian Army had committed to", "joN227_OCKU-00092-00026333-00026557": "supplying in wartime a brigade each for", "joN227_OCKU-00093-00026558-00026802": "Singapore the Persian Gulf the Red Sea", "joN227_OCKU-00094-00026804-00027214": "Burma and - for Egypt but by 1939", "joN227_OCKU-00095-00027214-00027445": "further reductions had reduced the", "joN227_OCKU-00096-00027445-00027706": "Indian Army to 18 cavalry regiments in", "joN227_OCKU-00097-00027707-00028093": "96 infantry battalions in total 194", "joN227_OCKU-00098-00028094-00028267": "thousand three hundred and seventy-three", "joN227_OCKU-00099-00028268-00028714": "men including 34,000 155 non-combatants", "joN227_OCKU-00100-00028714-00029044": "they could also call upon 15,000 men", "joN227_OCKU-00101-00029045-00029347": "from the frontier irregular force 22,000", "joN227_OCKU-00102-00029348-00029577": "men from the auxilary force India", "joN227_OCKU-00103-00029579-00029775": "consisting of European and Anglo Indian", "joN227_OCKU-00104-00029776-00030019": "volunteers nineteen thousand from the", "joN227_OCKU-00105-00030020-00030345": "Indian territorial force and 53,000 from", "joN227_OCKU-00106-00030347-00030592": "the Indian state forces there were 22", "joN227_OCKU-00107-00030593-00030795": "regular regiments of cavalry which", "joN227_OCKU-00108-00030797-00031044": "supplied armored and armoured car units", "joN227_OCKU-00109-00031045-00031300": "seven more were raised during the war", "joN227_OCKU-00110-00031301-00031537": "there were 20 regular Indian regiments", "joN227_OCKU-00111-00031538-00031770": "of infantry including the Burma rifles", "joN227_OCKU-00112-00031772-00032083": "and ten Gurkha regiments before the war", "joN227_OCKU-00113-00032083-00032287": "all the Indian regiments had at least", "joN227_OCKU-00114-00032288-00032595": "two battalions and most had more the", "joN227_OCKU-00115-00032597-00032833": "Gurkha regiments had two battalions each", "joN227_OCKU-00116-00032834-00033094": "during the war the Gurkha regiments", "joN227_OCKU-00117-00033095-00033283": "raised a further two battalions each", "joN227_OCKU-00118-00033284-00033517": "while the Indian regiments raised up to", "joN227_OCKU-00119-00033518-00033868": "15 each to further regiments the Assam", "joN227_OCKU-00120-00033869-00034060": "regiment and the Burma regiment were", "joN227_OCKU-00121-00034061-00034257": "created during the war", "joN227_OCKU-00122-00034258-00034542": "the Indian army started World War two", "joN227_OCKU-00123-00034543-00034734": "underprepared and short of modern", "joN227_OCKU-00124-00034735-00034977": "weapons and equipment it had not", "joN227_OCKU-00125-00034978-00035142": "expected to be involved in any", "joN227_OCKU-00126-00035143-00035379": "hostilities and had been advised after", "joN227_OCKU-00127-00035380-00035562": "the outbreak of war in Europe by the", "joN227_OCKU-00128-00035563-00035757": "British government that it was unlikely", "joN227_OCKU-00129-00035758-00036090": "to be required at all so it was with", "joN227_OCKU-00130-00036091-00036321": "some surprise when the 4th Infantry and", "joN227_OCKU-00131-00036322-00036543": "5th infantry divisions were requested to", "joN227_OCKU-00132-00036544-00036741": "serve in the North African and East", "joN227_OCKU-00133-00036742-00036984": "African campaigns and formule companies", "joN227_OCKU-00134-00036985-00037206": "to join the British Expeditionary Force", "joN227_OCKU-00135-00037207-00037786": "in France", "joN227_OCKU-00136-00037787-00038328": "topic 1940", "joN227_OCKU-00137-00038329-00038613": "in May 1940 agreement was reached", "joN227_OCKU-00138-00038614-00038778": "between the British and Indian", "joN227_OCKU-00139-00038779-00038949": "governments over the formation of", "joN227_OCKU-00140-00038950-00039147": "another five infantry and one armored", "joN227_OCKU-00141-00039148-00039417": "divisions which became the 6th 7th 8th", "joN227_OCKU-00142-00039418-00039723": "9th 10th Infantry and the 31st Indian", "joN227_OCKU-00143-00039724-00040008": "armoured divisions these new divisions", "joN227_OCKU-00144-00040009-00040221": "were primarily intended to be used in", "joN227_OCKU-00145-00040222-00040446": "the defense of Malaya 9th division and", "joN227_OCKU-00146-00040447-00040760": "Iraq 6th 8th and 10th infantry divisions", "joN227_OCKU-00147-00040761-00041067": "the 3rd Indian motor Brigade from the", "joN227_OCKU-00148-00041068-00041310": "armoured division was to go to Egypt the", "joN227_OCKU-00149-00041311-00041484": "formation of the rest of the armoured", "joN227_OCKU-00150-00041485-00041703": "division was put on hold because of the", "joN227_OCKU-00151-00041704-00042370": "shortage of armored vehicles", "joN227_OCKU-00152-00042371-00042935": "topic 1941", "joN227_OCKU-00153-00042936-00043255": "in March 1941 the Indian government", "joN227_OCKU-00154-00043256-00043504": "revised the defense plan for India", "joN227_OCKU-00155-00043505-00043733": "concerned with what the Japanese were", "joN227_OCKU-00156-00043734-00043912": "planning and the requirement to replace", "joN227_OCKU-00157-00043913-00044155": "the divisions sent overseas seven new", "joN227_OCKU-00158-00044156-00044399": "armored regiments and 50 new infantry", "joN227_OCKU-00159-00044400-00044599": "battalions were needed for five new", "joN227_OCKU-00160-00044600-00044818": "infantry divisions that were formed the", "joN227_OCKU-00161-00044819-00045274": "14th 17th 19th 20th 34th and the two", "joN227_OCKU-00162-00045275-00045548": "armored formations 32nd Indian armoured", "joN227_OCKU-00163-00045549-00046278": "division and 50th Indian tank brigade", "joN227_OCKU-00164-00046279-00046828": "topic 1942", "joN227_OCKU-00165-00046829-00047179": "with the fall of Singapore in 1942 about", "joN227_OCKU-00166-00047180-00047434": "40,000 Indian soldiers were captured", "joN227_OCKU-00167-00047435-00047761": "they were given a choice 30,000 joined", "joN227_OCKU-00168-00047762-00048037": "the Indian National Army those who", "joN227_OCKU-00169-00048038-00048247": "refused became pals and were mostly", "joN227_OCKU-00170-00048248-00048403": "shipped to New Guinea with the", "joN227_OCKU-00171-00048404-00048604": "previously formed divisions mostly", "joN227_OCKU-00172-00048605-00048895": "committed overseas in 1942 the army", "joN227_OCKU-00173-00048896-00049117": "formed another four infantry divisions", "joN227_OCKU-00174-00049118-00049615": "23rd 25th 28th 36th and the 43rd Indian", "joN227_OCKU-00175-00049616-00049713": "armored division", "joN227_OCKU-00176-00049714-00050062": "however events during 1942 and the", "joN227_OCKU-00177-00050063-00050290": "Japanese conquests meant that the 28th", "joN227_OCKU-00178-00050291-00050512": "division was not formed and the unit's", "joN227_OCKU-00179-00050513-00050682": "earmarked through it were used elsewhere", "joN227_OCKU-00180-00050683-00051043": "the 36th division uniquely was created", "joN227_OCKU-00181-00051044-00051277": "as a British Indian Army formation but", "joN227_OCKU-00182-00051278-00051454": "was formed from British brigades that", "joN227_OCKU-00183-00051454-00051664": "had reached India from the Madagascar", "joN227_OCKU-00184-00051665-00051937": "campaign and from Britain the final", "joN227_OCKU-00185-00051938-00052276": "division formed in 1942 was the 26th", "joN227_OCKU-00186-00052277-00052471": "Indian Infantry Division which was", "joN227_OCKU-00187-00052472-00052699": "hastily formed from the various units in", "joN227_OCKU-00188-00052700-00052873": "training or stationed near Calcutta", "joN227_OCKU-00189-00052874-00053128": "after the perceived poor performance in", "joN227_OCKU-00190-00053129-00053446": "battles in Malaya and Burma in 1942 it", "joN227_OCKU-00191-00053447-00053677": "was decided that the existing infantry", "joN227_OCKU-00192-00053678-00053944": "divisions were over mechanised to", "joN227_OCKU-00193-00053945-00054247": "counter this the 17th and 39th divisions", "joN227_OCKU-00194-00054248-00054454": "were selected to become light divisions", "joN227_OCKU-00195-00054454-00054679": "of only two brigades which would rely", "joN227_OCKU-00196-00054679-00054858": "more on animal and four-wheel-drive", "joN227_OCKU-00197-00054859-00055240": "transport by December 1942 agreement was", "joN227_OCKU-00198-00055241-00055408": "reached that India should become the", "joN227_OCKU-00199-00055409-00055711": "base for offensive operations support", "joN227_OCKU-00200-00055712-00055954": "should be in place for 34 divisions", "joN227_OCKU-00201-00055954-00056194": "which would include two British one West", "joN227_OCKU-00202-00056195-00056452": "African one East African and 11 Indian", "joN227_OCKU-00203-00056453-00056671": "divisions and what was left of the Burma", "joN227_OCKU-00204-00056672-00057210": "Army", "joN227_OCKU-00205-00057211-00057790": "topic 1943", "joN227_OCKU-00206-00057791-00058063": "the plans for 1943 included the", "joN227_OCKU-00207-00058064-00058276": "formation of another Infantry Division", "joN227_OCKU-00208-00058277-00058510": "an Airborne Division and a heavy armored", "joN227_OCKU-00209-00058511-00058830": "Brigade only the 44th Indian armoured", "joN227_OCKU-00210-00058832-00059059": "division was formed by amalgamating the", "joN227_OCKU-00211-00059060-00059442": "32nd and 43rd armored divisions there", "joN227_OCKU-00212-00059444-00059644": "was a change to the establishment of", "joN227_OCKU-00213-00059645-00059866": "infantry divisions which received two", "joN227_OCKU-00214-00059866-00060105": "extra infantry battalions as divisional", "joN227_OCKU-00215-00060107-00060417": "troops a committee was set up in 1943 to", "joN227_OCKU-00216-00060419-00060642": "report on the readiness of the army and", "joN227_OCKU-00217-00060644-00060958": "suggest improvements its recommendations", "joN227_OCKU-00218-00060959-00061228": "were the infantry should have first", "joN227_OCKU-00219-00061229-00061477": "claims on cadet officers and educated", "joN227_OCKU-00220-00061478-00061687": "recruits the quality of officers and", "joN227_OCKU-00221-00061688-00061936": "noncommissioned officers NCO should be", "joN227_OCKU-00222-00061937-00062110": "improved and there should be an increase", "joN227_OCKU-00223-00062111-00062398": "in pay basic training should be", "joN227_OCKU-00224-00062399-00062599": "increased to nine months followed by two", "joN227_OCKU-00225-00062600-00062935": "months specialized jungle training the", "joN227_OCKU-00226-00062936-00063145": "reinforcement system should be improved", "joN227_OCKU-00227-00063146-00063354": "and draft should include experienced", "joN227_OCKU-00228-00063355-00063721": "NCOs infantry brigades should include a", "joN227_OCKU-00229-00063722-00063949": "British an Indian and a Gurkha battalion", "joN227_OCKU-00230-00063950-00064155": "to assist in the jungle training of the", "joN227_OCKU-00231-00064157-00064495": "infantry from July 1943 the 14th and", "joN227_OCKU-00232-00064496-00064699": "39th divisions were converted to", "joN227_OCKU-00233-00064700-00065079": "training divisions the 116th Indian", "joN227_OCKU-00234-00065080-00065367": "Infantry Brigade part of 39th division", "joN227_OCKU-00235-00065369-00065569": "provided the specialized jungle", "joN227_OCKU-00236-00065570-00065815": "conversion training an infantry", "joN227_OCKU-00237-00065816-00066025": "battalion would spend from four to six", "joN227_OCKU-00238-00066026-00066226": "months with the brigade before being", "joN227_OCKU-00239-00066227-00066424": "sent to the front to replace a tired", "joN227_OCKU-00240-00066425-00066571": "battalion in one of the fighting", "joN227_OCKU-00241-00066572-00066886": "divisions the brigades and units of the", "joN227_OCKU-00242-00066887-00067126": "14th division provided jungle training", "joN227_OCKU-00243-00067127-00067333": "for drafts of reinforcements for the", "joN227_OCKU-00244-00067334-00067573": "Indian battalions already serving on the", "joN227_OCKU-00245-00067574-00068144": "Burma front", "joN227_OCKU-00246-00068145-00068897": "topic 1944 the planned 44th Indian", "joN227_OCKU-00247-00068898-00069107": "Airborne Division was finally formed", "joN227_OCKU-00248-00069108-00069353": "from the 44th armored division leaving", "joN227_OCKU-00249-00069354-00069590": "the 31st armored as the only armored", "joN227_OCKU-00250-00069591-00069722": "division in the army", "joN227_OCKU-00251-00069723-00069983": "the infantry division formation was", "joN227_OCKU-00252-00069984-00070073": "changed again", "joN227_OCKU-00253-00070074-00070259": "it was now standardized as three", "joN227_OCKU-00254-00070260-00070475": "infantry brigades plus three infantry", "joN227_OCKU-00255-00070476-00070703": "battalions assigned as divisional troops", "joN227_OCKU-00256-00070704-00071015": "the success of the 116th Brigade in", "joN227_OCKU-00257-00071016-00071204": "training for jungle warfare was", "joN227_OCKU-00258-00071205-00071603": "recognized from May 1944 one hundred and", "joN227_OCKU-00259-00071604-00071840": "sixteenth Brigade trained units destined", "joN227_OCKU-00260-00071841-00072059": "for the 14th army and one hundred and", "joN227_OCKU-00261-00072060-00072266": "fiftieth brigade which was converted", "joN227_OCKU-00262-00072267-00072449": "from the result or training brigade", "joN227_OCKU-00263-00072450-00072665": "trained units destined for the southern", "joN227_OCKU-00264-00072666-00073007": "army the 150 fifth Indian Infantry", "joN227_OCKU-00265-00073008-00073226": "Brigade was formed to provide training", "joN227_OCKU-00266-00073227-00073436": "for units destined for the Western", "joN227_OCKU-00267-00073437-00073886": "theatres of war topic infantry divisions", "joN227_OCKU-00268-00073887-00074120": "infantry divisions consisted of three", "joN227_OCKU-00269-00074121-00074336": "infantry brigades of three infantry", "joN227_OCKU-00270-00074337-00074669": "battalions usually one battalion in each", "joN227_OCKU-00271-00074670-00074906": "Brigade was British and two were Indian", "joN227_OCKU-00272-00074907-00075182": "or Gurkha four brigades were raised", "joN227_OCKU-00273-00075183-00075425": "consisting entirely of Gurkha battalions", "joN227_OCKU-00274-00075426-00075685": "later in the war as British infantry", "joN227_OCKU-00275-00075686-00075884": "reinforcements became more scarce", "joN227_OCKU-00276-00075885-00076091": "particularly in the Southeast Asian", "joN227_OCKU-00277-00076092-00076313": "theater British battalions in brigades", "joN227_OCKU-00278-00076314-00076508": "fighting in Burma were replaced by", "joN227_OCKU-00279-00076509-00076790": "Indian units in a division with a", "joN227_OCKU-00280-00076791-00077026": "standard MT mechanical transport", "joN227_OCKU-00281-00077027-00077276": "establishment the divisional units were", "joN227_OCKU-00282-00077277-00077471": "a reconnaissance unit provided by a", "joN227_OCKU-00283-00077472-00077705": "mechanized cavalry regiment and a heavy", "joN227_OCKU-00284-00077706-00077954": "machine gun battalion armed with 36", "joN227_OCKU-00285-00077955-00078260": "Vickers machine guns each Regiment of", "joN227_OCKU-00286-00078261-00078479": "the Indian Army raised a machine gun", "joN227_OCKU-00287-00078480-00078683": "battalion in addition to its infantry", "joN227_OCKU-00288-00078684-00078850": "battalions the divisional artillery", "joN227_OCKU-00289-00078851-00079064": "consisted of three field artillery", "joN227_OCKU-00290-00079065-00079382": "regiments with 24 25 pounder guns each", "joN227_OCKU-00291-00079383-00079682": "one anti-tank regiment with 48 anti-tank", "joN227_OCKU-00292-00079683-00079835": "guns and one light anti-aircraft", "joN227_OCKU-00293-00079836-00080072": "regiment with up to 54 light", "joN227_OCKU-00294-00080073-00080351": "anti-aircraft guns there were three", "joN227_OCKU-00295-00080352-00080534": "Engineer field companies and one", "joN227_OCKU-00296-00080535-00080786": "engineer field Park Company plus signals", "joN227_OCKU-00297-00080787-00081026": "medical and transport units there were", "joN227_OCKU-00298-00081027-00081251": "variations on the infantry formation", "joN227_OCKU-00299-00081252-00081544": "depending on role the light division", "joN227_OCKU-00300-00081545-00082034": "14th 17th and 39th as formed in 1942 had", "joN227_OCKU-00301-00082035-00082247": "only two brigades and lacked much heavy", "joN227_OCKU-00302-00082248-00082604": "equipment transport was provided by six", "joN227_OCKU-00303-00082605-00082876": "mule and 4G companies this type of", "joN227_OCKU-00304-00082877-00083147": "division was later dropped the animal", "joN227_OCKU-00305-00083148-00083407": "and mechanized transport divisions a and", "joN227_OCKU-00306-00083408-00083800": "M T 7th 20th and 23rd and later v had a", "joN227_OCKU-00307-00083801-00084031": "mixture of animal and vehicle transport", "joN227_OCKU-00308-00084032-00084371": "as the name suggests in particular one", "joN227_OCKU-00309-00084372-00084550": "of the vehicle drawn field artillery", "joN227_OCKU-00310-00084551-00084757": "regiments was replaced by a mountain", "joN227_OCKU-00311-00084758-00085046": "artillery regiment with 12 3.7 inch", "joN227_OCKU-00312-00085047-00085391": "howitzers carried on mules the anti-tank", "joN227_OCKU-00313-00085392-00085604": "and light anti-aircraft regiments were", "joN227_OCKU-00314-00085605-00085831": "replaced by a single regiment with two", "joN227_OCKU-00315-00085832-00086026": "batteries each of anti-tank and", "joN227_OCKU-00316-00086027-00086293": "anti-aircraft guns the divisional", "joN227_OCKU-00317-00086294-00086512": "reconnaissance unit was replaced by a", "joN227_OCKU-00318-00086513-00086722": "lightly equipped infantry battalion", "joN227_OCKU-00319-00086723-00086992": "another standard infantry battalion", "joN227_OCKU-00320-00086993-00087341": "provided the HQ defense unit on the 27th", "joN227_OCKU-00321-00087342-00087649": "of May 1944 General George Gifford the", "joN227_OCKU-00322-00087650-00087880": "commander of 11th Army Group ordered", "joN227_OCKU-00323-00087881-00088078": "that all Indian divisions fighting in", "joN227_OCKU-00324-00088079-00088267": "Burma should adopt the a in M T", "joN227_OCKU-00325-00088268-00088535": "establishment late that year however", "joN227_OCKU-00326-00088536-00088744": "leftenant General William Slim", "joN227_OCKU-00327-00088745-00089011": "commanding 14th army converted two", "joN227_OCKU-00328-00089012-00089287": "divisions the 5th and 17th to a mixed", "joN227_OCKU-00329-00089288-00089510": "establishment of two motorized brigades", "joN227_OCKU-00330-00089511-00089686": "and one air portable Brigade in", "joN227_OCKU-00331-00089687-00089956": "anticipation of mechanized operations in", "joN227_OCKU-00332-00089957-00090134": "the comparatively open terrain of", "joN227_OCKU-00333-00090135-00090529": "central Burma in April 1945 the 20th", "joN227_OCKU-00334-00090530-00090728": "division was also converted to a", "joN227_OCKU-00335-00090729-00090953": "partially motorized establishment by", "joN227_OCKU-00336-00090954-00091141": "acquiring the vehicles from a British", "joN227_OCKU-00337-00091142-00091334": "division whose personnel were being", "joN227_OCKU-00338-00091335-00091944": "withdrawn from Burma", "joN227_OCKU-00339-00091945-00092500": "topic armoured divisions", "joN227_OCKU-00340-00092501-00092716": "it was intended to form an Armored", "joN227_OCKU-00341-00092717-00093079": "Division in the plans for 1940 1941 and", "joN227_OCKU-00342-00093080-00093415": "1942 however the Indian armored", "joN227_OCKU-00343-00093416-00093600": "formations suffered from a lack of", "joN227_OCKU-00344-00093601-00093951": "equipment the shortage of tanks in 1940", "joN227_OCKU-00345-00093952-00094174": "was reflected in the organization of", "joN227_OCKU-00346-00094175-00094423": "31st armoured division which first had", "joN227_OCKU-00347-00094424-00094717": "one armored and two motor brigades at", "joN227_OCKU-00348-00094718-00094996": "the end of 1940 this was changed to two", "joN227_OCKU-00349-00094997-00095275": "armored and one Motor Brigade when the", "joN227_OCKU-00350-00095276-00095487": "third Indian motor Brigade was sent to", "joN227_OCKU-00351-00095488-00095686": "Egypt the British armoured division", "joN227_OCKU-00352-00095687-00095925": "organization of two armored brigades and", "joN227_OCKU-00353-00095926-00096316": "a support group was adopted in June 1942", "joN227_OCKU-00354-00096317-00096580": "the divisions establishment was fixed as", "joN227_OCKU-00355-00096581-00096876": "one armored and one infantry brigade the", "joN227_OCKU-00356-00096877-00097372": "surplus armored brigades 50th 254 255", "joN227_OCKU-00357-00097373-00097723": "and the 260 7th became independent", "joN227_OCKU-00358-00097724-00097900": "brigades and served in the Burma", "joN227_OCKU-00359-00097901-00098290": "Campaign in March 1943 the shortage of", "joN227_OCKU-00360-00098291-00098521": "technical staff forced another review of", "joN227_OCKU-00361-00098522-00098812": "the armored force and the 32nd and 43rd", "joN227_OCKU-00362-00098813-00099040": "armored divisions were amalgamated to", "joN227_OCKU-00363-00099041-00099288": "become the 44th Indian armoured division", "joN227_OCKU-00364-00099289-00099681": "in march 1944 a further review reduced", "joN227_OCKU-00365-00099682-00099898": "the armored force to one division the", "joN227_OCKU-00366-00099899-00100135": "31st armored division serving in the", "joN227_OCKU-00367-00100136-00100360": "Middle East and three tank brigades the", "joN227_OCKU-00368-00100361-00100806": "50th 250 4th and 250 5th serving in", "joN227_OCKU-00369-00100807-00101343": "Burma", "joN227_OCKU-00370-00101344-00101993": "topic airborne troops the 50th", "joN227_OCKU-00371-00101994-00102234": "independent Indian parachute brigade was", "joN227_OCKU-00372-00102235-00102573": "formed on the 29th of October 1941 with", "joN227_OCKU-00373-00102574-00102822": "the British 150 first parachute", "joN227_OCKU-00374-00102823-00103136": "battalion 150 second Indian parachute", "joN227_OCKU-00375-00103138-00103446": "battalion and 150 third Gurkha parachute", "joN227_OCKU-00376-00103447-00103658": "battalion a medium machine gun company", "joN227_OCKU-00377-00103659-00104054": "and a medium mortar detachment the 150", "joN227_OCKU-00378-00104055-00104258": "first battalion was later renamed Byrd", "joN227_OCKU-00379-00104259-00104567": "as the 156 battalion and returned to", "joN227_OCKU-00380-00104568-00104861": "Britain and another Gurkha battalion 150", "joN227_OCKU-00381-00104863-00105093": "fourth was formed but had not joined the", "joN227_OCKU-00382-00105094-00105290": "brigade when it was heavily involved in", "joN227_OCKU-00383-00105291-00105566": "the Battle of ssangshik in March 1944", "joN227_OCKU-00384-00105567-00105809": "the headquarters of the 44th Indian", "joN227_OCKU-00385-00105810-00106032": "armoured division was converted in April", "joN227_OCKU-00386-00106033-00106338": "1944 to ninth Indian Airborne Division", "joN227_OCKU-00387-00106339-00106572": "which was renamed the 44th Airborne", "joN227_OCKU-00388-00106573-00106875": "Division a few weeks later after a delay", "joN227_OCKU-00389-00106876-00107102": "caused by the Japanese invasion of India", "joN227_OCKU-00390-00107103-00107435": "the division resumed forming in July it", "joN227_OCKU-00391-00107436-00107690": "absorbed the 50th parachute Brigade and", "joN227_OCKU-00392-00107691-00107915": "later two brigades from the disbanding", "joN227_OCKU-00393-00107916-00108089": "Chindit force that division now", "joN227_OCKU-00394-00108090-00108402": "consisted of the 50th 77th parachute", "joN227_OCKU-00395-00108403-00108672": "brigades and 14th air landing Brigade to", "joN227_OCKU-00396-00108673-00108846": "field artillery regiments to", "joN227_OCKU-00397-00108847-00109068": "anti-aircraft regiments and a joint", "joN227_OCKU-00398-00109069-00109793": "anti-aircraft and anti-tank regiment", "joN227_OCKU-00399-00109794-00110393": "topic artillery the Royal Artillery", "joN227_OCKU-00400-00110394-00110621": "still provided some of the artillery", "joN227_OCKU-00401-00110622-00110891": "required for Indian army formations but", "joN227_OCKU-00402-00110892-00111089": "the Indian regiment of artillery had", "joN227_OCKU-00403-00111090-00111409": "been formed in 1935 initially consisting", "joN227_OCKU-00404-00111410-00111677": "of four horse-drawn batteries the", "joN227_OCKU-00405-00111678-00111914": "regiment was expanded during the war and", "joN227_OCKU-00406-00111915-00112223": "by 1945 had formed ten field artillery", "joN227_OCKU-00407-00112224-00112448": "regiments 13 mountain artillery", "joN227_OCKU-00408-00112449-00112640": "regiments 10 anti-tank artillery", "joN227_OCKU-00409-00112641-00113008": "regiments 3 anti-aircraft brigades were", "joN227_OCKU-00410-00113009-00113185": "formed from the 4 heavy anti-aircraft", "joN227_OCKU-00411-00113186-00113426": "artillery regiments and 5 light", "joN227_OCKU-00412-00113427-00113630": "anti-aircraft artillery regiments", "joN227_OCKU-00413-00113631-00113891": "created for the regiment's service", "joN227_OCKU-00414-00113892-00114107": "during the war it was granted the title", "joN227_OCKU-00415-00114108-00114900": "Royal Indian artillery in 1945", "joN227_OCKU-00416-00114901-00115423": "topic engineers", "joN227_OCKU-00417-00115424-00115666": "the Indian engineers were a part of", "joN227_OCKU-00418-00115667-00115831": "every division in the army", "joN227_OCKU-00419-00115832-00116128": "the engineers call started the war with", "joN227_OCKU-00420-00116129-00116365": "two army troops companies 11 field", "joN227_OCKU-00421-00116366-00116631": "companies in one field part company", "joN227_OCKU-00422-00116632-00116890": "expansion during the war took the totals", "joN227_OCKU-00423-00116891-00117118": "of engineers to five army troops", "joN227_OCKU-00424-00117119-00117355": "companies sixty-seven field companies", "joN227_OCKU-00425-00117356-00117646": "six independent field squadrons 20 field", "joN227_OCKU-00426-00117647-00117871": "part companies and two independent field", "joN227_OCKU-00427-00117872-00118472": "Park squadrons", "joN227_OCKU-00428-00118473-00119105": "topic women's auxilary core", "joN227_OCKU-00429-00119106-00119335": "the Women's Auxiliary Paul was formed in", "joN227_OCKU-00430-00119336-00119615": "May 1942 recruits had to be a minimum", "joN227_OCKU-00431-00119616-00119849": "age of 18 years and the duties were", "joN227_OCKU-00432-00119850-00120211": "clerical or domestic in December 1942", "joN227_OCKU-00433-00120213-00120515": "the minimum age was reduced to 17 years", "joN227_OCKU-00434-00120516-00120857": "and 11,500 women had enlisted by the end", "joN227_OCKU-00435-00120858-00121163": "of the war volunteers could enlist on", "joN227_OCKU-00436-00121164-00121411": "local service or general service terms", "joN227_OCKU-00437-00121413-00121688": "those on general service could be sent", "joN227_OCKU-00438-00121689-00121984": "to serve anywhere in India compared to", "joN227_OCKU-00439-00121985-00122327": "over two million men a core of 11,500", "joN227_OCKU-00440-00122328-00122549": "women does not seem many but recruitment", "joN227_OCKU-00441-00122550-00122738": "was always hampered by caste and", "joN227_OCKU-00442-00122739-00123038": "communal inhibitions Indian women at the", "joN227_OCKU-00443-00123039-00123259": "time did not mix socially or at work", "joN227_OCKU-00444-00123260-00123455": "with men and a large part of the Corps", "joN227_OCKU-00445-00123456-00123647": "was formed from the Anglo Asian", "joN227_OCKU-00446-00123648-00124539": "community see also women in World War 2", "joN227_OCKU-00447-00124540-00125145": "topic Indian states forces", "joN227_OCKU-00448-00125146-00125396": "the Indian states or princely states", "joN227_OCKU-00449-00125397-00125825": "provided 250,000 men during the war they", "joN227_OCKU-00450-00125826-00126062": "contributed five cavalry regiments and", "joN227_OCKU-00451-00126063-00126260": "thirty-six infantry battalions and", "joN227_OCKU-00452-00126261-00126464": "between them had sixteen infantry", "joN227_OCKU-00453-00126465-00126710": "battalions plus signal transport and", "joN227_OCKU-00454-00126711-00127032": "pioneers companies on active service one", "joN227_OCKU-00455-00127033-00127262": "of their men captain Mahmud con Durrani", "joN227_OCKU-00456-00127263-00127494": "was awarded the George Cross while in", "joN227_OCKU-00457-00127495-00128122": "Japanese captivity", "joN227_OCKU-00458-00128123-00128808": "topic Chindits the Chindits named after", "joN227_OCKU-00459-00128809-00129033": "a mythical beast statues of which", "joN227_OCKU-00460-00129034-00129223": "guarded burmese temples were the", "joN227_OCKU-00461-00129224-00129469": "brainchild of brigadier orde Wingate who", "joN227_OCKU-00462-00129470-00129631": "intended that long-range penetration", "joN227_OCKU-00463-00129632-00129903": "rates behind enemy lines would become", "joN227_OCKU-00464-00129904-00130104": "the main effort against the Japanese in", "joN227_OCKU-00465-00130105-00130498": "Burma in 1943 he mounted operation long", "joN227_OCKU-00466-00130499-00130740": "clothes by the 77th Indian Infantry", "joN227_OCKU-00467-00130741-00131125": "Brigade in 1944 they staged a much", "joN227_OCKU-00468-00131126-00131325": "larger operation which involved", "joN227_OCKU-00469-00131326-00131560": "disbanding the 70th British Infantry", "joN227_OCKU-00470-00131561-00131758": "Division it's three brigades together", "joN227_OCKU-00471-00131759-00131971": "with three more brigades were grouped as", "joN227_OCKU-00472-00131972-00132184": "Special Force and referred to for cover", "joN227_OCKU-00473-00132185-00132378": "purposes as third Indian Infantry", "joN227_OCKU-00474-00132379-00132706": "Division Chindits were in fact ordinary", "joN227_OCKU-00475-00132707-00132963": "infantry units arbitrarily selected for", "joN227_OCKU-00476-00132964-00133111": "the mission on the basis of their", "joN227_OCKU-00477-00133112-00133191": "availability", "joN227_OCKU-00478-00133192-00133495": "there was no commando airborne or other", "joN227_OCKU-00479-00133496-00133701": "selection procedure although there was", "joN227_OCKU-00480-00133702-00134020": "some weeding out of less fit personnel", "joN227_OCKU-00481-00134021-00134335": "during training for operations the", "joN227_OCKU-00482-00134336-00134646": "Chindits were disbanded in February 1945", "joN227_OCKU-00483-00134647-00134908": "several of the brigade headquarters and", "joN227_OCKU-00484-00134909-00135075": "many of the veterans of the Chindit", "joN227_OCKU-00485-00135076-00135298": "operations were reformed and merged into", "joN227_OCKU-00486-00135299-00135556": "44th Airborne Division while the Force", "joN227_OCKU-00487-00135557-00135781": "Headquarters and signals units formed", "joN227_OCKU-00488-00135782-00136506": "the core of 34th Indian Corps", "joN227_OCKU-00489-00136507-00137040": "topic armies", "joN227_OCKU-00490-00137041-00137325": "the indian army supplied formations for", "joN227_OCKU-00491-00137326-00137877": "the following Allied armies", "joN227_OCKU-00492-00137878-00138351": "topic Apes", "joN227_OCKU-00493-00138352-00138573": "the Eighth Army was formed from the", "joN227_OCKU-00494-00138574-00138864": "Western Desert force in September 1941", "joN227_OCKU-00495-00138865-00139071": "under the command of Lieutenant General", "joN227_OCKU-00496-00139072-00139140": "Sir", "joN227_OCKU-00497-00139141-00139401": "Allen Cunningham over time the Eighth", "joN227_OCKU-00498-00139402-00139611": "Army would be commanded by generals", "joN227_OCKU-00499-00139612-00139821": "Neill Ritchie Claude Auchinleck and", "joN227_OCKU-00500-00139822-00140079": "Bernhard Montgomery in the early years", "joN227_OCKU-00501-00140080-00140298": "of the war the Eighth Army suffered from", "joN227_OCKU-00502-00140299-00140516": "poor leadership and repeated reversals", "joN227_OCKU-00503-00140517-00140757": "of fortune until the Second Battle of El", "joN227_OCKU-00504-00140758-00140954": "Alamein when it advanced across Libya", "joN227_OCKU-00505-00140955-00141562": "into Tunisia", "joN227_OCKU-00506-00141563-00142057": "topic 9th", "joN227_OCKU-00507-00142058-00142324": "ix army was formed on the 1st of", "joN227_OCKU-00508-00142325-00142638": "November 1941 with the redesignate of", "joN227_OCKU-00509-00142639-00142813": "the headquarters of the British troops", "joN227_OCKU-00510-00142814-00143137": "in Mandate Palestine and Transjordan it", "joN227_OCKU-00511-00143138-00143352": "controlled British and Commonwealth land", "joN227_OCKU-00512-00143353-00143548": "forces stationed in the eastern", "joN227_OCKU-00513-00143549-00143821": "Mediterranean its commanders were", "joN227_OCKU-00514-00143822-00144054": "General Sir Henry Maitland Wilson and", "joN227_OCKU-00515-00144055-00144250": "leftenant General Sir William George", "joN227_OCKU-00516-00144251-00144812": "Holmes", "joN227_OCKU-00517-00144813-00145307": "topic tense", "joN227_OCKU-00518-00145308-00145583": "the Tenth Army was formed in Iraq and", "joN227_OCKU-00519-00145584-00145793": "from the major part of Pi force after", "joN227_OCKU-00520-00145794-00146122": "the anglo-iraqi war it was active in", "joN227_OCKU-00521-00146123-00146447": "1942 1943 under the command of", "joN227_OCKU-00522-00146448-00146650": "Lieutenant General Sir Edward Quinlan", "joN227_OCKU-00523-00146651-00146858": "and consisted of the 3rd Corps and the", "joN227_OCKU-00524-00146859-00147214": "21st Indian Corps its main task was the", "joN227_OCKU-00525-00147215-00147344": "maintenance of the lines of", "joN227_OCKU-00526-00147345-00147572": "communication to the Soviet Union from", "joN227_OCKU-00527-00147573-00147775": "the Persian Gulf to the Caspian and the", "joN227_OCKU-00528-00147776-00147949": "protection of the South Persian and", "joN227_OCKU-00529-00147950-00148174": "Iraqi oil fields that supplied Britain", "joN227_OCKU-00530-00148175-00148888": "with all its non American source oil", "joN227_OCKU-00531-00148889-00149412": "topic 12", "joN227_OCKU-00532-00149413-00149751": "the 12th army was reformed in May 1945", "joN227_OCKU-00533-00149752-00150002": "to take control of operations in Burma", "joN227_OCKU-00534-00150003-00150278": "from the fourteenth army the Army", "joN227_OCKU-00535-00150279-00150465": "Headquarters was created by", "joN227_OCKU-00536-00150466-00150672": "redesignating the headquarters of the", "joN227_OCKU-00537-00150673-00150906": "33rd Indian Corps under leftenant", "joN227_OCKU-00538-00150907-00151594": "General Sir Montagu Stopford", "joN227_OCKU-00539-00151595-00152125": "topic 14th", "joN227_OCKU-00540-00152126-00152390": "the 14th army was a multinational force", "joN227_OCKU-00541-00152391-00152614": "comprising units from Commonwealth", "joN227_OCKU-00542-00152615-00152829": "countries many of its units were from", "joN227_OCKU-00543-00152830-00153058": "the Indian Army as well as British units", "joN227_OCKU-00544-00153059-00153223": "and there were also significant", "joN227_OCKU-00545-00153224-00153553": "contributions from 81st 82nd and 11th", "joN227_OCKU-00546-00153554-00153853": "African divisions it was often referred", "joN227_OCKU-00547-00153854-00154174": "to as the Forgotten army because its", "joN227_OCKU-00548-00154175-00154390": "operations in the Burma Campaign were", "joN227_OCKU-00549-00154391-00154609": "overlooked by the contemporary press and", "joN227_OCKU-00550-00154610-00154810": "remained more obscure than those of the", "joN227_OCKU-00551-00154811-00155032": "corresponding formations in Europe for", "joN227_OCKU-00552-00155033-00155377": "long after the war it was formed in 1943", "joN227_OCKU-00553-00155378-00155590": "under the command of Lieutenant General", "joN227_OCKU-00554-00155591-00155932": "William slim the 14th army was the", "joN227_OCKU-00555-00155933-00156136": "largest Commonwealth Army during the war", "joN227_OCKU-00556-00156137-00156460": "with nearly a million men by late 1944", "joN227_OCKU-00557-00156461-00156799": "at various times for call were assigned", "joN227_OCKU-00558-00156800-00157069": "to the army fourth Corps 15th Indian", "joN227_OCKU-00559-00157070-00157318": "Corps 33rd Indian Corps and the thirty", "joN227_OCKU-00560-00157319-00157928": "fourth Indian Corps", "joN227_OCKU-00561-00157929-00158418": "topic southern", "joN227_OCKU-00562-00158419-00158625": "the southern army was formed from", "joN227_OCKU-00563-00158626-00158931": "Southern Command in 1942 and disbanded", "joN227_OCKU-00564-00158932-00159285": "in August 1945 mostly a British", "joN227_OCKU-00565-00159286-00159549": "formation used on internal security and", "joN227_OCKU-00566-00159550-00159864": "for units out of the frontline the 19th", "joN227_OCKU-00567-00159865-00160092": "Indian Infantry Division was one of its", "joN227_OCKU-00568-00160093-00160889": "units from 1942 to 1944", "joN227_OCKU-00569-00160890-00161428": "topic Northwestern", "joN227_OCKU-00570-00161429-00161686": "the northwestern army was formed from", "joN227_OCKU-00571-00161687-00161947": "Northwestern Command in April 1942", "joN227_OCKU-00572-00161948-00162166": "formed to guard the Northwest Frontier", "joN227_OCKU-00573-00162167-00162399": "it controlled the co hat Peshawar", "joN227_OCKU-00574-00162400-00162682": "Rawalpindi Ballack astern and Waziristan", "joN227_OCKU-00575-00162683-00163272": "districts", "joN227_OCKU-00576-00163273-00163882": "topic Middle Eastern Africa", "joN227_OCKU-00577-00163883-00164223": "you", "joN227_OCKU-00578-00164224-00164765": "topic North Africa", "joN227_OCKU-00579-00164766-00165035": "just before the declaration of war one", "joN227_OCKU-00580-00165036-00165241": "Indian Infantry Brigade was sent to", "joN227_OCKU-00581-00165242-00165473": "reinforce the British garrison in Egypt", "joN227_OCKU-00582-00165474-00165860": "in October 1939 a second brigade was", "joN227_OCKU-00583-00165861-00166049": "sent they were grouped together as the", "joN227_OCKU-00584-00166050-00166353": "fourth Indian Infantry Division by March", "joN227_OCKU-00585-00166354-00166631": "1940 two additional brigades and a", "joN227_OCKU-00586-00166632-00166832": "divisional headquarters had been sent to", "joN227_OCKU-00587-00166833-00167051": "Egypt these became the fifth Indian", "joN227_OCKU-00588-00167052-00167273": "Infantry Division Operation compass", "joN227_OCKU-00589-00167274-00167468": "fourth Indian and 7th Armored Division", "joN227_OCKU-00590-00167469-00167690": "was the first major allied military", "joN227_OCKU-00591-00167691-00167936": "operation of the Western Desert campaign", "joN227_OCKU-00592-00167937-00168248": "during the Second World War it resulted", "joN227_OCKU-00593-00168249-00168413": "in British and Commonwealth forces", "joN227_OCKU-00594-00168414-00168644": "pushing across a great stretch of Libya", "joN227_OCKU-00595-00168645-00168943": "and capturing almost all of ceará naica", "joN227_OCKU-00596-00168944-00169226": "115,000 Italian soldiers hundreds of", "joN227_OCKU-00597-00169227-00169477": "tanks and artillery pieces and more than", "joN227_OCKU-00598-00169478-00169777": "1,100 aircraft with very few casualties", "joN227_OCKU-00599-00169778-00170116": "of their own the Allies success against", "joN227_OCKU-00600-00170117-00170318": "the Italians forced the Germans to", "joN227_OCKU-00601-00170319-00170629": "reinforce North Africa the Africa Corps", "joN227_OCKU-00602-00170630-00170861": "commanded by Erwin Rommel attacked in", "joN227_OCKU-00603-00170862-00171206": "March 1941 the third Indian motor", "joN227_OCKU-00604-00171207-00171449": "Brigade fought a delaying battle at make", "joN227_OCKU-00605-00171450-00171652": "early on the 6th of April which allowed", "joN227_OCKU-00606-00171653-00171872": "the 9th Australian division to safely", "joN227_OCKU-00607-00171873-00172114": "withdraw to Tobruk operation battle-ax", "joN227_OCKU-00608-00172115-00172457": "4th Indian and 7th Armoured in June 1941", "joN227_OCKU-00609-00172458-00172678": "had the goal of clearing East and Sarah", "joN227_OCKU-00610-00172679-00172927": "Nicor of German and Italian forces one", "joN227_OCKU-00611-00172928-00173089": "of the main benefits of this would be", "joN227_OCKU-00612-00173090-00173357": "the lifting of the siege of Tobruk the", "joN227_OCKU-00613-00173358-00173597": "operation did not succeed losing over", "joN227_OCKU-00614-00173598-00173810": "half of the tanks on the first day and", "joN227_OCKU-00615-00173811-00173984": "only achieved victory at one out of", "joN227_OCKU-00616-00173985-00174289": "three thrusts on the second day they", "joN227_OCKU-00617-00174290-00174506": "achieved mixed results being pushed back", "joN227_OCKU-00618-00174507-00174707": "on their western flank but repelled a", "joN227_OCKU-00619-00174708-00174920": "significant German counter-attack in the", "joN227_OCKU-00620-00174921-00175187": "center on the third day the British", "joN227_OCKU-00621-00175188-00175424": "narrowly avoided outright disaster by", "joN227_OCKU-00622-00175425-00175649": "successfully withdrawing just prior to a", "joN227_OCKU-00623-00175650-00175856": "German encircling movement which would", "joN227_OCKU-00624-00175857-00176072": "have cut him off from retreat operation", "joN227_OCKU-00625-00176073-00176365": "Crusader 4th Indian 7th armored first", "joN227_OCKU-00626-00176366-00176672": "South African 2nd New Zealand and 70th", "joN227_OCKU-00627-00176673-00176897": "British divisions between the 18th of", "joN227_OCKU-00628-00176898-00177199": "November to the 30th of December 1941", "joN227_OCKU-00629-00177200-00177539": "the initial plan was to destroy the Axis", "joN227_OCKU-00630-00177540-00177743": "armored force before advancing its", "joN227_OCKU-00631-00177744-00178025": "infantry 7th armored were heavily", "joN227_OCKU-00632-00178026-00178145": "defeated by the", "joN227_OCKU-00633-00178146-00178414": "freaka corpse at City Reza Rommels", "joN227_OCKU-00634-00178415-00178610": "subsequent advance of his armored", "joN227_OCKU-00635-00178611-00178801": "division's to the axis fortress", "joN227_OCKU-00636-00178802-00179024": "positions on the Egyptian border failed", "joN227_OCKU-00637-00179025-00179207": "to find the main body of the allied", "joN227_OCKU-00638-00179208-00179393": "infantry which had bypassed the", "joN227_OCKU-00639-00179394-00179606": "fortresses and headed for Tobruk so", "joN227_OCKU-00640-00179607-00179837": "Rommel had to withdraw his armored units", "joN227_OCKU-00641-00179838-00180043": "to support the fighting at Tobruk", "joN227_OCKU-00642-00180044-00180272": "despite achieving some tactical", "joN227_OCKU-00643-00180273-00180500": "successes at Tobruk the need to preserve", "joN227_OCKU-00644-00180501-00180737": "his remaining forces prompted Rommel to", "joN227_OCKU-00645-00180738-00180952": "withdraw his army to the defensive line", "joN227_OCKU-00646-00180953-00181187": "at Ghazala west of Tobruk and then all", "joN227_OCKU-00647-00181188-00181414": "the way back to L Aquila 4th division", "joN227_OCKU-00648-00181415-00181661": "left the desert for Cyprus and Syria in", "joN227_OCKU-00649-00181662-00182116": "April 1942 by May 1942 their 11th", "joN227_OCKU-00650-00182117-00182336": "brigade had returned attached to the 5th", "joN227_OCKU-00651-00182337-00182618": "Indian fighting south of Tobruk their", "joN227_OCKU-00652-00182619-00182929": "fifth Brigade returned in June 1942 and", "joN227_OCKU-00653-00182930-00183238": "fought at mersa matru the 10th Indian", "joN227_OCKU-00654-00183239-00183473": "Infantry Division arrived from Syria in", "joN227_OCKU-00655-00183474-00183662": "time to take part in the Battle of", "joN227_OCKU-00656-00183663-00183974": "Ghazala May to June 1942 then held the", "joN227_OCKU-00657-00183975-00184268": "Axis forces for 72 hours in the First", "joN227_OCKU-00658-00184269-00184504": "Battle of El Alamein permitting 8th army", "joN227_OCKU-00659-00184505-00184850": "to safely withdraw HQ 4th division", "joN227_OCKU-00660-00184851-00185053": "returned for the Second Battle of El", "joN227_OCKU-00661-00185054-00185288": "Alamein holding Ruis at Ridge at the", "joN227_OCKU-00662-00185289-00185486": "center of the 8th Army's line made a", "joN227_OCKU-00663-00185487-00185744": "mock attack and two small raids intended", "joN227_OCKU-00664-00185745-00185929": "to deflect attention to the center of", "joN227_OCKU-00665-00185930-00186209": "the front Operation pugilist 4th Indian", "joN227_OCKU-00666-00186210-00186482": "2nd New Zealand and 50th Northumbrian", "joN227_OCKU-00667-00186483-00186676": "divisions was an operation in the", "joN227_OCKU-00668-00186677-00186911": "Tunisian campaign the object of was to", "joN227_OCKU-00669-00186912-00187136": "destroy the Axis forces in the marette", "joN227_OCKU-00670-00187137-00187441": "line and to catch us facts pugilist", "joN227_OCKU-00671-00187442-00187676": "itself was indecisive and failed to make", "joN227_OCKU-00672-00187677-00187933": "a decisive breakthrough it did however", "joN227_OCKU-00673-00187934-00188198": "establish an alternative route of attack", "joN227_OCKU-00674-00188199-00188345": "and thus laid the ground for", "joN227_OCKU-00675-00188346-00188549": "super-charged to an out thanking", "joN227_OCKU-00676-00188550-00189225": "maneuver via the Tabar gap", "joN227_OCKU-00677-00189226-00189742": "topic East Africa", "joN227_OCKU-00678-00189743-00189961": "the Italian conquest of British", "joN227_OCKU-00679-00189962-00190219": "Somaliland started on the 3rd of August", "joN227_OCKU-00680-00190220-00190552": "1940 the 315th Punjab regiment were", "joN227_OCKU-00681-00190553-00190756": "amongst the forces on hand and they were", "joN227_OCKU-00682-00190757-00190951": "quickly reinforced from aid and by the", "joN227_OCKU-00683-00190952-00191248": "1/2 nd Punjab regiment on the 7th of", "joN227_OCKU-00684-00191249-00191545": "August after the Battle of tug Argonne", "joN227_OCKU-00685-00191546-00191737": "the British force was forced to withdraw", "joN227_OCKU-00686-00191738-00192049": "the three 15s Punjab forming part of the", "joN227_OCKU-00687-00192050-00192349": "rearguard by the 19th of August the", "joN227_OCKU-00688-00192350-00192526": "British and Indian battalions were", "joN227_OCKU-00689-00192527-00192862": "evacuated to Aden British ground losses", "joN227_OCKU-00690-00192863-00193294": "were 38 killed 102 wounded and 120", "joN227_OCKU-00691-00193295-00193528": "missing compared to Italian casualties", "joN227_OCKU-00692-00193529-00194089": "of 465 killed 1530 wounded and 34", "joN227_OCKU-00693-00194090-00194398": "missing in December 1940 the 4th Indian", "joN227_OCKU-00694-00194399-00194617": "Infantry Division was rushed from Egypt", "joN227_OCKU-00695-00194618-00194857": "to join the 5th Indian Infantry Division", "joN227_OCKU-00696-00194858-00195232": "in the Sudan from February to April 1941", "joN227_OCKU-00697-00195233-00195466": "the Indian 4th and 5th infantry", "joN227_OCKU-00698-00195467-00195661": "divisions took part in the Battle of", "joN227_OCKU-00699-00195662-00195880": "keren by the end of the campaign the", "joN227_OCKU-00700-00195881-00196081": "Italian forces had been cleared from", "joN227_OCKU-00701-00196082-00196408": "Eritrea and Abyssinia 220,000 of them", "joN227_OCKU-00702-00196409-00197046": "becoming prisoners of war", "joN227_OCKU-00703-00197047-00197596": "topic Iraq and Persia", "joN227_OCKU-00704-00197597-00197916": "in 1941 forces were required to", "joN227_OCKU-00705-00197917-00198172": "participate in the anglo-iraqi war to", "joN227_OCKU-00706-00198173-00198394": "safeguard the overland supply route to", "joN227_OCKU-00707-00198395-00198721": "the Soviet Union in April the 8th Indian", "joN227_OCKU-00708-00198722-00198949": "Infantry Division landed at Basra and", "joN227_OCKU-00709-00198950-00199188": "marched on Baghdad securing Iraq for the", "joN227_OCKU-00710-00199189-00199416": "Allied calls from the pro-german Rashid", "joN227_OCKU-00711-00199417-00199650": "Ali Operation Barbarossa the German", "joN227_OCKU-00712-00199651-00199861": "invasion of the Soviet Union in June", "joN227_OCKU-00713-00199862-00200170": "1941 placed the Persian oil fields in", "joN227_OCKU-00714-00200171-00200475": "danger from the advancing German army in", "joN227_OCKU-00715-00200476-00200775": "August 1941 the Indian 8th and 10th", "joN227_OCKU-00716-00200776-00200971": "infantry divisions invaded southern", "joN227_OCKU-00717-00200972-00201184": "Persia to secure the oil installations", "joN227_OCKU-00718-00201185-00201429": "the 8th and 10th Indian infantry", "joN227_OCKU-00719-00201430-00201666": "divisions second Indian armored Brigade", "joN227_OCKU-00720-00201667-00201895": "and the British 4th Cavalry Brigade were", "joN227_OCKU-00721-00201896-00202074": "all involved in the anglo-soviet", "joN227_OCKU-00722-00202075-00202411": "invasion of Iran August September 1941", "joN227_OCKU-00723-00202412-00202656": "which was rapid and conducted with ease", "joN227_OCKU-00724-00202657-00202824": "from the south", "joN227_OCKU-00725-00202825-00203088": "two battalions from 8th divisions 24th", "joN227_OCKU-00726-00203089-00203299": "Indian Brigade making an amphibious", "joN227_OCKU-00727-00203300-00203461": "crossing of the Shatt al-arab", "joN227_OCKU-00728-00203462-00203679": "captured the petroleum installations at", "joN227_OCKU-00729-00203680-00203976": "Abadan the 8th division then advanced", "joN227_OCKU-00730-00203977-00204259": "from Basra towards QAS are shaken by the", "joN227_OCKU-00731-00204260-00204516": "28th of August had reached a verse when", "joN227_OCKU-00732-00204517-00204744": "the Shah ordered hostilities to cease", "joN227_OCKU-00733-00204745-00205044": "further north 8 battalions of British", "joN227_OCKU-00734-00205046-00205248": "and Indian troops under Major General", "joN227_OCKU-00735-00205250-00205467": "William Slim advanced from carnage and", "joN227_OCKU-00736-00205469-00205734": "into the naft I Shah oil field and on", "joN227_OCKU-00737-00205735-00205927": "towards the pie Tech pass leading", "joN227_OCKU-00738-00205928-00206238": "towards kermanshah in Hamedan the pie", "joN227_OCKU-00739-00206239-00206500": "tak position was taken on the 27th of", "joN227_OCKU-00740-00206501-00206733": "August after the defenders had withdrawn", "joN227_OCKU-00741-00206734-00206916": "in the night the planned assault on", "joN227_OCKU-00742-00206917-00207169": "kermanshah on the 29th of august was", "joN227_OCKU-00743-00207169-00207357": "aborted when the defenders called a", "joN227_OCKU-00744-00207358-00207588": "truce to negotiate surrender terms after", "joN227_OCKU-00745-00207589-00207864": "hostilities had ended the second Indian", "joN227_OCKU-00746-00207865-00208089": "Infantry Division 6th Indian Infantry", "joN227_OCKU-00747-00208090-00208290": "Division and 12th Indian Infantry", "joN227_OCKU-00748-00208291-00208515": "Division all remained in the region on", "joN227_OCKU-00749-00208516-00209187": "internal security duties", "joN227_OCKU-00750-00209188-00209735": "topic Syria and Lebanon", "joN227_OCKU-00751-00209736-00209966": "the indian army supplied the fifth", "joN227_OCKU-00752-00209967-00210221": "Brigade fourth Indian Infantry Division", "joN227_OCKU-00753-00210221-00210394": "which attacked from the south with the", "joN227_OCKU-00754-00210396-00210623": "Australian 1st Corps and the 10th Indian", "joN227_OCKU-00755-00210623-00210839": "Infantry Division which also had the", "joN227_OCKU-00756-00210840-00211121": "17th Indian Infantry Brigade 8th Indian", "joN227_OCKU-00757-00211121-00211364": "Infantry Division under command was part", "joN227_OCKU-00758-00211365-00211550": "of a rock force attack northern and", "joN227_OCKU-00759-00211551-00211835": "central Syria from the east 5th brigade", "joN227_OCKU-00760-00211836-00212075": "took part in the Battle of kissu a and", "joN227_OCKU-00761-00212076-00212363": "the Battle of Damascus June 1941 and", "joN227_OCKU-00762-00212364-00212617": "10th division the Battle of Deer ez-zor", "joN227_OCKU-00763-00212619-00213209": "in July", "joN227_OCKU-00764-00213210-00213792": "topic Southeast Asia", "joN227_OCKU-00765-00213794-00214132": "you", "joN227_OCKU-00766-00214133-00214802": "topic Hongkong the Japanese army", "joN227_OCKU-00767-00214803-00214967": "attacked Hong Kong on the 8th of", "joN227_OCKU-00768-00214969-00215255": "December 1941 less than 8 hours after", "joN227_OCKU-00769-00215256-00215490": "their attack on Pearl Harbor among the", "joN227_OCKU-00770-00215491-00215715": "defenders were the five-sevenths Rajput", "joN227_OCKU-00771-00215716-00215940": "regiment and the two fourteenth's Punjab", "joN227_OCKU-00772-00215941-00216260": "regiment the garrison held out for 18", "joN227_OCKU-00773-00216261-00216988": "days before being forced to surrender", "joN227_OCKU-00774-00216989-00217467": "topic Malaya", "joN227_OCKU-00775-00217469-00217762": "as in Egypt the indian army dispatched", "joN227_OCKU-00776-00217763-00217996": "one infantry brigade to Malaya just", "joN227_OCKU-00777-00217996-00218371": "before the start of the war by 1941 all", "joN227_OCKU-00778-00218371-00218563": "training and equipment was geared to", "joN227_OCKU-00779-00218564-00218730": "fight in North Africa and the Middle", "joN227_OCKU-00780-00218731-00218973": "East and the forces in Burma and Malaya", "joN227_OCKU-00781-00218975-00219134": "had been depleted to supply", "joN227_OCKU-00782-00219135-00219419": "reinforcements to the forces in the West", "joN227_OCKU-00783-00219421-00219796": "so in the spring of 1941 the 9th Indian", "joN227_OCKU-00784-00219796-00220017": "Infantry Division was sent to Malaya on", "joN227_OCKU-00785-00220019-00220257": "the 8th of December the Japanese army", "joN227_OCKU-00786-00220258-00220438": "attacked the Malayan Peninsula the", "joN227_OCKU-00787-00220439-00220663": "defenders now included the Indian 9th", "joN227_OCKU-00788-00220664-00220908": "and the 11th Indian Infantry Division's", "joN227_OCKU-00789-00220909-00221142": "the 12th Indian Infantry Brigade and a", "joN227_OCKU-00790-00221144-00221334": "number of independent battalions and", "joN227_OCKU-00791-00221335-00221583": "units of Imperial service troops in the", "joN227_OCKU-00792-00221584-00221869": "3rd Indian Corps the 11th Indian", "joN227_OCKU-00793-00221869-00222100": "division fought the Battle of jitter 11", "joN227_OCKU-00794-00222101-00222355": "to 13 December the Battle of Kanpur the", "joN227_OCKU-00795-00222356-00222604": "30th of December to the 2nd of January", "joN227_OCKU-00796-00222605-00222867": "the Battle of slim River 6 to 8 January", "joN227_OCKU-00797-00222869-00223260": "1942 the 44th Indian Infantry Brigade", "joN227_OCKU-00798-00223261-00223555": "and the 45th Indian Infantry Brigade had", "joN227_OCKU-00799-00223556-00223890": "arrived as reinforcement in January 1942", "joN227_OCKU-00800-00223891-00224235": "the 45th Brigade fought the Battle of mu", "joN227_OCKU-00801-00224236-00224626": "AR 14 to 22 January of the 4,000 men in", "joN227_OCKU-00802-00224627-00225377": "the brigade only 800 survived the battle", "joN227_OCKU-00803-00225378-00226048": "topic Singapore the Battle of Singapore", "joN227_OCKU-00804-00226050-00226304": "the 31st of January to the 15th of", "joN227_OCKU-00805-00226305-00226514": "February ended with the capture of 9th", "joN227_OCKU-00806-00226515-00226754": "and 11th Indian divisions and the 12th", "joN227_OCKU-00807-00226755-00227165": "44th and 45th brigades and 55,000 Indian", "joN227_OCKU-00808-00227166-00227375": "servicemen were made prisoners of war", "joN227_OCKU-00809-00227376-00227615": "during the battle for Singapore Indian", "joN227_OCKU-00810-00227616-00227813": "units fought in the Battle of bukit", "joN227_OCKU-00811-00227814-00228541": "timah and the battle of passier panjang", "joN227_OCKU-00812-00228542-00229019": "topic for neo", "joN227_OCKU-00813-00229021-00229335": "in late 1940 Air Chief Marshal Sir", "joN227_OCKU-00814-00229336-00229533": "Robert Brooke Popham ordered the second", "joN227_OCKU-00815-00229534-00229823": "battalion 15 punjab regiment and a heavy", "joN227_OCKU-00816-00229825-00230154": "six in 150 millimetres gun battery from", "joN227_OCKU-00817-00230155-00230321": "the Hong Kong Singapore Royal Artillery", "joN227_OCKU-00818-00230323-00230594": "to be positioned at Kuching the capital", "joN227_OCKU-00819-00230596-00230889": "of Sarawak the battalion which numbered", "joN227_OCKU-00820-00230890-00231219": "about 1,050 men was commanded by British", "joN227_OCKU-00821-00231219-00231507": "lieutenant colonel cm lane and was a", "joN227_OCKU-00822-00231508-00232002": "part of SAR fo our Sarawak force some", "joN227_OCKU-00823-00232003-00232305": "230 men of the battalion were killed or", "joN227_OCKU-00824-00232306-00232506": "captured in the defence of the airfield", "joN227_OCKU-00825-00232507-00232704": "before the fall of the city to the", "joN227_OCKU-00826-00232705-00233048": "Japanese on the 24th of December 1941", "joN227_OCKU-00827-00233048-00233471": "two days later sa rfor was disbanded on", "joN227_OCKU-00828-00233473-00233744": "the 27th the remainder of the Punjabi", "joN227_OCKU-00829-00233746-00233961": "force crossed into Dutch Borneo where", "joN227_OCKU-00830-00233962-00234237": "lain placed him under Dutch command the", "joN227_OCKU-00831-00234238-00234467": "men continued to resist the Japanese in", "joN227_OCKU-00832-00234469-00234648": "the dense jungle of southern Borneo", "joN227_OCKU-00833-00234648-00234891": "until the 1st of April when they finally", "joN227_OCKU-00834-00234892-00234962": "surrendered", "joN227_OCKU-00835-00234963-00235317": "Arthur Percival GOC Malaya later called", "joN227_OCKU-00836-00235317-00235488": "their resistance a feat of endurance", "joN227_OCKU-00837-00235489-00235725": "which assuredly will rank high in the", "joN227_OCKU-00838-00235726-00235857": "annals of warfare", "joN227_OCKU-00839-00235858-00236133": "it says much for the morale of this fine", "joN227_OCKU-00840-00236134-00236334": "battalion that it remained a formed and", "joN227_OCKU-00841-00236335-00237006": "disciplined body to the end", "joN227_OCKU-00842-00237007-00237509": "topic Burma", "joN227_OCKU-00843-00237510-00237765": "at the same time the ninth division was", "joN227_OCKU-00844-00237766-00237983": "sent to reinforce Malaya in the spring", "joN227_OCKU-00845-00237984-00238287": "of 1941 an infantry brigade was sent to", "joN227_OCKU-00846-00238288-00238515": "reinforce Burma followed by a second", "joN227_OCKU-00847-00238516-00238796": "brigade later in the year on the 8th of", "joN227_OCKU-00848-00238797-00239048": "December the Japanese army invaded Burma", "joN227_OCKU-00849-00239049-00239394": "from Siam withdrawing to India the last", "joN227_OCKU-00850-00239394-00239633": "British and Indian escaped from Burma in", "joN227_OCKU-00851-00239634-00240286": "July 1942", "joN227_OCKU-00852-00240287-00240969": "topic Japanese conquest of Burma the", "joN227_OCKU-00853-00240971-00241141": "Battle of billon River was fought in", "joN227_OCKU-00854-00241142-00241477": "February 1942 by the 17th Indian", "joN227_OCKU-00855-00241478-00241819": "Infantry Division the 17th division held", "joN227_OCKU-00856-00241819-00242014": "the Japanese at the billon river for two", "joN227_OCKU-00857-00242015-00242253": "days of close-quarters jungle fighting", "joN227_OCKU-00858-00242254-00242554": "the Japanese tactics were to outflank", "joN227_OCKU-00859-00242555-00242742": "and eventually with encirclement", "joN227_OCKU-00860-00242744-00242911": "imminent they were given permission to", "joN227_OCKU-00861-00242912-00243229": "fall back the division disengaged under", "joN227_OCKU-00862-00243230-00243457": "cover of darkness and began a 30 miles", "joN227_OCKU-00863-00243458-00243733": "48 kilometres retreat along the dusty", "joN227_OCKU-00864-00243734-00244033": "track to the satang bridge the Battle of", "joN227_OCKU-00865-00244034-00244288": "satang Bridge followed after which 17th", "joN227_OCKU-00866-00244289-00244471": "division lost most of its artillery", "joN227_OCKU-00867-00244471-00244792": "vehicles and other heavy equipment its", "joN227_OCKU-00868-00244792-00245254": "infantryman power was 3484 just over 40", "joN227_OCKU-00869-00245255-00245446": "percent of its establishment though it", "joN227_OCKU-00870-00245446-00245638": "was already well under strength before", "joN227_OCKU-00871-00245639-00245962": "the battle started the battle of Pegu in", "joN227_OCKU-00872-00245963-00246184": "march was carried out by the surviving", "joN227_OCKU-00873-00246185-00246403": "elements of the 17th division and the", "joN227_OCKU-00874-00246404-00246619": "7th British armored Brigade which had", "joN227_OCKU-00875-00246619-00246873": "just arrived from the Middle East in", "joN227_OCKU-00876-00246875-00247087": "April the Battle of yin and yang was", "joN227_OCKU-00877-00247088-00247269": "fought between the 7th Armoured Brigade", "joN227_OCKU-00878-00247271-00247561": "48th Indian Infantry Brigade and 1st", "joN227_OCKU-00879-00247562-00247777": "Burma division for control of the in", "joN227_OCKU-00880-00247778-00248080": "annual oil fields the Japanese suffered", "joN227_OCKU-00881-00248081-00248329": "heavy casualties during the battle but", "joN227_OCKU-00882-00248330-00248530": "the Allied forces were too weak to hold", "joN227_OCKU-00883-00248531-00248752": "the oil fields and had to retreat to the", "joN227_OCKU-00884-00248753-00249058": "north the fighting retreat to India was", "joN227_OCKU-00885-00249059-00249262": "successfully completed in May just", "joN227_OCKU-00886-00249263-00249457": "before the monsoons would have cut them", "joN227_OCKU-00887-00249458-00249846": "off approximately 12,000 of the 40,000", "joN227_OCKU-00888-00249848-00250015": "Indian prisoners of war who were", "joN227_OCKU-00889-00250016-00250194": "captured either during the Malayan", "joN227_OCKU-00890-00250196-00250417": "campaign or surrendered at Singapore", "joN227_OCKU-00891-00250417-00250627": "were led by Mohan Singh as the first", "joN227_OCKU-00892-00250628-00250855": "Indian National Army which was dissolved", "joN227_OCKU-00893-00250856-00251550": "in December 1942", "joN227_OCKU-00894-00251551-00252215": "topic Burma Campaign 1943", "joN227_OCKU-00895-00252216-00252475": "the erican campaign which began in", "joN227_OCKU-00896-00252476-00252773": "December 1942 conducted by what at the", "joN227_OCKU-00897-00252773-00253021": "time was an improvised formation 14th", "joN227_OCKU-00898-00253023-00253237": "Indian Infantry Division was a failure", "joN227_OCKU-00899-00253238-00253534": "the average British and Indian soldier", "joN227_OCKU-00900-00253535-00253739": "was not properly trained for fighting in", "joN227_OCKU-00901-00253740-00253937": "Jungle which together with repeated", "joN227_OCKU-00902-00253938-00254246": "defeats adversely affected morale this", "joN227_OCKU-00903-00254246-00254506": "was exacerbated by poor administration", "joN227_OCKU-00904-00254507-00254723": "in the rear areas drafts of", "joN227_OCKU-00905-00254723-00254878": "reinforcements sent to replace", "joN227_OCKU-00906-00254879-00255157": "casualties were found in some cases to", "joN227_OCKU-00907-00255158-00255373": "have not even completed basic training", "joN227_OCKU-00908-00255373-00255646": "there were also questions asked about", "joN227_OCKU-00909-00255648-00255863": "the ability of the Indian Army's High", "joN227_OCKU-00910-00255864-00256078": "Command which led to the creation of the", "joN227_OCKU-00911-00256079-00256242": "position of supreme Allied commander", "joN227_OCKU-00912-00256244-00256510": "Southeast Asia Command leaving the army", "joN227_OCKU-00913-00256511-00256766": "High Command to concentrate on internal", "joN227_OCKU-00914-00256767-00257048": "security and administration there was", "joN227_OCKU-00915-00257048-00257281": "continual patrol activity and low-key", "joN227_OCKU-00916-00257282-00257509": "fighting south of imple but neither army", "joN227_OCKU-00917-00257510-00257671": "possessed the resources to mount", "joN227_OCKU-00918-00257673-00258041": "decisive operations 17th division held", "joN227_OCKU-00919-00258042-00258290": "positions around the town of tadam 100", "joN227_OCKU-00920-00258291-00258634": "miles 160 kilometers south of imple and", "joN227_OCKU-00921-00258635-00258848": "skirmished with units of the 33rd", "joN227_OCKU-00922-00258848-00259153": "Japanese Division the Japanese had a", "joN227_OCKU-00923-00259154-00259378": "shorter and easier supply line from the", "joN227_OCKU-00924-00259379-00259598": "port of kahlúa on the Chindwin River and", "joN227_OCKU-00925-00259598-00259882": "had the upper hand for most of 1942 and", "joN227_OCKU-00926-00259883-00260488": "1943", "joN227_OCKU-00927-00260489-00261273": "topic Burma Campaign 1944 the Battle of", "joN227_OCKU-00928-00261274-00261592": "the admin box fifth seventh and 26th", "joN227_OCKU-00929-00261592-00261937": "Indian 81st West Africa division 36", "joN227_OCKU-00930-00261938-00262171": "British Infantry Division in February", "joN227_OCKU-00931-00262172-00262392": "came after a limited allied offensive", "joN227_OCKU-00932-00262393-00262710": "the Japanese had infiltrated the widely", "joN227_OCKU-00933-00262711-00262905": "dispersed lines of the seventh division", "joN227_OCKU-00934-00262906-00263127": "and moved north undetected crossed the", "joN227_OCKU-00935-00263128-00263338": "Cala panzon river and swung west and", "joN227_OCKU-00936-00263339-00263569": "south and attacked the HQ of the seventh", "joN227_OCKU-00937-00263570-00263829": "division the forward divisions were", "joN227_OCKU-00938-00263830-00263989": "ordered to dig in and hold their", "joN227_OCKU-00939-00263990-00264196": "positions rather than retreat while the", "joN227_OCKU-00940-00264197-00264384": "reserve divisions advanced to their", "joN227_OCKU-00941-00264385-00264672": "relief on the ground the fighting for", "joN227_OCKU-00942-00264673-00264900": "the admin box was severe and Japanese", "joN227_OCKU-00943-00264901-00265128": "fire caused heavy casualties in the", "joN227_OCKU-00944-00265129-00265312": "crowded defenses and twice set", "joN227_OCKU-00945-00265313-00265608": "ammunition dumps on fire however all", "joN227_OCKU-00946-00265609-00265833": "attempts to overrun the defenders were", "joN227_OCKU-00947-00265834-00266047": "thwarted by the tanks of the 25th", "joN227_OCKU-00948-00266048-00266129": "dragoons", "joN227_OCKU-00949-00266130-00266395": "although allied casualties were higher", "joN227_OCKU-00950-00266396-00266620": "than the Japanese the Japanese had been", "joN227_OCKU-00951-00266621-00266829": "forced to abandon many of their wounded", "joN227_OCKU-00952-00266830-00267097": "to die for the first time in the Burma", "joN227_OCKU-00953-00267098-00267337": "Campaign the Japanese tactics had been", "joN227_OCKU-00954-00267338-00267504": "counted and turned against him and", "joN227_OCKU-00955-00267505-00267739": "British and Indian soldiers had held and", "joN227_OCKU-00956-00267740-00267960": "defeated a major Japanese attack the", "joN227_OCKU-00957-00267961-00268122": "Battle of imple and the Battle of", "joN227_OCKU-00958-00268123-00268519": "ssangshik 17 20th 23rd Indian divisions", "joN227_OCKU-00959-00268520-00268867": "50th Indian parachute Brigade and 250", "joN227_OCKU-00960-00268868-00269113": "4th Indian tank brigade took place in", "joN227_OCKU-00961-00269114-00269322": "the region around the city of imple the", "joN227_OCKU-00962-00269323-00269518": "capital of the state of mengapa in", "joN227_OCKU-00963-00269519-00269763": "northeast India from March until July", "joN227_OCKU-00964-00269764-00270115": "1944 Japanese army and the Indian", "joN227_OCKU-00965-00270116-00270337": "National Army attempted to destroy the", "joN227_OCKU-00966-00270338-00270555": "Allied forces at imple and invade India", "joN227_OCKU-00967-00270556-00270772": "but were driven back into Burma with", "joN227_OCKU-00968-00270773-00271035": "heavy losses the Battle of Kashima 50th", "joN227_OCKU-00969-00271036-00271321": "Indian parachute Brigade 5th 7th Indian", "joN227_OCKU-00970-00271322-00271548": "and 2nd British division was the turning", "joN227_OCKU-00971-00271549-00271857": "point of the Japanese yugo offensive the", "joN227_OCKU-00972-00271858-00272062": "Japanese attempted to capture Kashima", "joN227_OCKU-00973-00272063-00272301": "Ridge a feature which dominated the road", "joN227_OCKU-00974-00272302-00272508": "by which the major British and Indian", "joN227_OCKU-00975-00272509-00272812": "troops at imple was supplied British and", "joN227_OCKU-00976-00272813-00273024": "Indian reinforcements counter-attack to", "joN227_OCKU-00977-00273025-00273234": "drive the Japanese from the positions", "joN227_OCKU-00978-00273235-00273541": "they had captured the Japanese abandoned", "joN227_OCKU-00979-00273542-00273723": "the ridge but continued to block the", "joN227_OCKU-00980-00273724-00273868": "Kashima imple road", "joN227_OCKU-00981-00273869-00274189": "from the 16th of May to the 22nd of June", "joN227_OCKU-00982-00274190-00274402": "the British and Indian troops pursued", "joN227_OCKU-00983-00274403-00274624": "the retreating Japanese and reopened the", "joN227_OCKU-00984-00274625-00274936": "road the battle ended on the 22nd of", "joN227_OCKU-00985-00274937-00275155": "June when British and Indian troops from", "joN227_OCKU-00986-00275156-00275959": "Kimura and imple met at milestone 109", "joN227_OCKU-00987-00275960-00276748": "topic Burma Campaign 1945 the Battle of", "joN227_OCKU-00988-00276749-00277132": "Maxia and Mandalay 5th 7th 17th 19th", "joN227_OCKU-00989-00277133-00277455": "20th Indian 2nd British divisions and", "joN227_OCKU-00990-00277456-00277873": "250 4th and 250 5th Indian tank brigades", "joN227_OCKU-00991-00277874-00278176": "between January and March 1945 were", "joN227_OCKU-00992-00278177-00278383": "decisive battles near the end of the", "joN227_OCKU-00993-00278384-00278496": "Burma Campaign", "joN227_OCKU-00994-00278497-00278773": "despite logistical difficulties the", "joN227_OCKU-00995-00278774-00279014": "Allies were able to deploy large armored", "joN227_OCKU-00996-00279015-00279232": "and mechanized forces in central Burma", "joN227_OCKU-00997-00279233-00279580": "and also possessed air supremacy most of", "joN227_OCKU-00998-00279581-00279784": "the Japanese forces in Burma were", "joN227_OCKU-00999-00279785-00280003": "destroyed during the battles allowing", "joN227_OCKU-01000-00280004-00280187": "the Allies to later recapture the", "joN227_OCKU-01001-00280188-00280471": "capital Rangoon and reoccupy most of the", "joN227_OCKU-01002-00280472-00280657": "country with little organized opposition", "joN227_OCKU-01003-00280658-00280978": "the battle of ramree island 26th Indian", "joN227_OCKU-01004-00280979-00281185": "Infantry Division was fought for six", "joN227_OCKU-01005-00281186-00281513": "weeks during January in February 1945 as", "joN227_OCKU-01006-00281514-00281853": "part of the 15th Indian Corps 1944-45", "joN227_OCKU-01007-00281854-00282089": "offensive on the southern front of the", "joN227_OCKU-01008-00282090-00282389": "Burma Campaign ramree island lies off", "joN227_OCKU-01009-00282390-00282590": "the Burma coast and was captured along", "joN227_OCKU-01010-00282591-00282764": "with the rest of southern Burma during", "joN227_OCKU-01011-00282765-00283013": "the early stages of the campaign by the", "joN227_OCKU-01012-00283014-00283246": "rapidly advancing Imperial Japanese Army", "joN227_OCKU-01013-00283247-00283763": "in 1942 in January 1945 the Allies were", "joN227_OCKU-01014-00283764-00283993": "able to launch attacks to retake ramree", "joN227_OCKU-01015-00283994-00284165": "and its neighbour chiba with the", "joN227_OCKU-01016-00284166-00284371": "intention of building sea supplied air", "joN227_OCKU-01017-00284372-00284605": "bases on them Operation Dracula and the", "joN227_OCKU-01018-00284606-00284872": "Battle of elephant Point 5th 17th", "joN227_OCKU-01019-00284873-00285130": "infantry and 44th Indian Airborne", "joN227_OCKU-01020-00285131-00285429": "Division second 36 British division and", "joN227_OCKU-01021-00285430-00285745": "250 v tank brigade was the name given to", "joN227_OCKU-01022-00285746-00285949": "an airborne and amphibious attack on", "joN227_OCKU-01023-00285950-00286185": "Rangoon by British and Indian forces", "joN227_OCKU-01024-00286186-00286450": "when it was launched the Imperial", "joN227_OCKU-01025-00286451-00286684": "Japanese army had already abandoned the", "joN227_OCKU-01026-00286685-00287214": "city", "joN227_OCKU-01027-00287215-00287873": "topic returned to Malaya and Singapore", "joN227_OCKU-01028-00287874-00288177": "25 Indian Infantry Division with 3", "joN227_OCKU-01029-00288178-00288498": "commando brigade in January 1945 the", "joN227_OCKU-01030-00288499-00288666": "division took part in the first", "joN227_OCKU-01031-00288667-00288900": "large-scale amphibious operations in", "joN227_OCKU-01032-00288901-00289095": "Southeast Asia they were ferried across", "joN227_OCKU-01033-00289096-00289395": "the 4 mile wide my us chewie to land on", "joN227_OCKU-01034-00289396-00289610": "the northern beaches of Aqaba island in", "joN227_OCKU-01035-00289611-00289788": "the course of the following weeks they", "joN227_OCKU-01036-00289789-00290175": "occupied my bore and Rua in April 1945", "joN227_OCKU-01037-00290176-00290384": "the division was withdrawn to South", "joN227_OCKU-01038-00290385-00290616": "India to prepare for operation zipper", "joN227_OCKU-01039-00290617-00290796": "the invasion of Malaya having been", "joN227_OCKU-01040-00290797-00291002": "chosen for the assault landing role", "joN227_OCKU-01041-00291003-00291273": "although hostilities then ceased the", "joN227_OCKU-01042-00291274-00291612": "operation proceeded as Pan 23rd and 25th", "joN227_OCKU-01043-00291613-00291833": "divisions was the first formations to", "joN227_OCKU-01044-00291834-00292071": "land in Malaya the 9th of September and", "joN227_OCKU-01045-00292072-00292242": "then accepting the surrender of the", "joN227_OCKU-01046-00292243-00292542": "Japanese army operation Tiger Archie v", "joN227_OCKU-01047-00292543-00292760": "Indian Infantry Division commenced when", "joN227_OCKU-01048-00292761-00292985": "troops set sail from trinka male and", "joN227_OCKU-01049-00292986-00293217": "rangoon on the 21st of August for", "joN227_OCKU-01050-00293218-00293483": "Singapore the fleet arrived in Singapore", "joN227_OCKU-01051-00293484-00293793": "on the 4th of September 1945 and", "joN227_OCKU-01052-00293794-00294045": "Japanese forces in Singapore officially", "joN227_OCKU-01053-00294046-00294228": "surrendered to Admiral Lord Louis", "joN227_OCKU-01054-00294229-00294416": "Mountbatten supreme Allied commander", "joN227_OCKU-01055-00294417-00294690": "Southeast Asia Command on the 12th of", "joN227_OCKU-01056-00294691-00295363": "September 1945", "joN227_OCKU-01057-00295364-00295963": "topic post Japanese surrender", "joN227_OCKU-01058-00295964-00296203": "after the Japanese surrender some", "joN227_OCKU-01059-00296204-00296383": "divisions were sent to disarm the", "joN227_OCKU-01060-00296384-00296533": "Japanese and assist the local", "joN227_OCKU-01061-00296534-00296851": "governments the 7th division moved to", "joN227_OCKU-01062-00296852-00297058": "Thailand where it disarmed the Japanese", "joN227_OCKU-01063-00297059-00297280": "occupying army and liberated and", "joN227_OCKU-01064-00297281-00297601": "repatriated allied prisoners of war the", "joN227_OCKU-01065-00297602-00297841": "20th division was sent to Indochina", "joN227_OCKU-01066-00297842-00298039": "occupying the southern part of the", "joN227_OCKU-01067-00298040-00298318": "country there were several battles with", "joN227_OCKU-01068-00298319-00298495": "the Viet Minh who were intent on", "joN227_OCKU-01069-00298496-00298810": "achieving independence the 23rd division", "joN227_OCKU-01070-00298811-00299050": "was sent to Java where the end of the", "joN227_OCKU-01071-00299051-00299281": "war had brought widespread disorder and", "joN227_OCKU-01072-00299282-00299467": "conflict between the Dutch colonial", "joN227_OCKU-01073-00299468-00300220": "regime and pro-independence movements", "joN227_OCKU-01074-00300221-00300735": "topic Europe", "joN227_OCKU-01075-00300736-00301089": "you", "joN227_OCKU-01076-00301090-00301599": "topic France", "joN227_OCKU-01077-00301600-00301878": "probably the most unusual posting of any", "joN227_OCKU-01078-00301879-00302108": "unit of the Indian Army during World War", "joN227_OCKU-01079-00302109-00302435": "two was in 1940 when four mule companies", "joN227_OCKU-01080-00302436-00302676": "of the Indian Army Service Corps joined", "joN227_OCKU-01081-00302677-00302931": "the British Expeditionary Force BEF in", "joN227_OCKU-01082-00302932-00303255": "France they were evacuated from Dunkirk", "joN227_OCKU-01083-00303256-00303555": "with the rest of the BEF in May 1940 and", "joN227_OCKU-01084-00303556-00303776": "was still stationed in England in July", "joN227_OCKU-01085-00303777-00304397": "1942", "joN227_OCKU-01086-00304398-00304878": "topic Italy", "joN227_OCKU-01087-00304879-00305154": "the Allies landed in Italy on the 9th of", "joN227_OCKU-01088-00305155-00305556": "September 1943 the 4th 8th and 10th", "joN227_OCKU-01089-00305557-00305763": "Indian divisions and the 43rd", "joN227_OCKU-01090-00305764-00306006": "independent Gurkha Infantry Brigade were", "joN227_OCKU-01091-00306007-00306303": "all involved during the campaign in", "joN227_OCKU-01092-00306304-00306591": "October 1943 the 8th Indian division", "joN227_OCKU-01093-00306592-00306813": "fighting on the Adriatic front reached", "joN227_OCKU-01094-00306814-00307020": "the barbra line which was breached in", "joN227_OCKU-01095-00307021-00307314": "early November the 8th division led the", "joN227_OCKU-01096-00307315-00307488": "assault on the German defensive", "joN227_OCKU-01097-00307489-00307707": "burnhardt line crossed the sangra River", "joN227_OCKU-01098-00307708-00307923": "and advanced to just short of Pescara", "joN227_OCKU-01099-00307924-00308151": "where 8th army halted to wait for better", "joN227_OCKU-01100-00308152-00308361": "weather in the spring the 4th Indian", "joN227_OCKU-01101-00308362-00308595": "division took part in the 2nd Battle of", "joN227_OCKU-01102-00308596-00308865": "Monte Cassino in the final 4th Battle of", "joN227_OCKU-01103-00308866-00309132": "Monte Cassino on the 11th of May on the", "joN227_OCKU-01104-00309133-00309402": "8th army front 13th Corps had made to", "joN227_OCKU-01105-00309403-00309600": "strongly opposed night crossings of the", "joN227_OCKU-01106-00309601-00309852": "rapido by the British 4th division and", "joN227_OCKU-01107-00309853-00310167": "8th Indian Infantry Division by the 18th", "joN227_OCKU-01108-00310168-00310398": "of May the Germans had withdrawn to", "joN227_OCKU-01109-00310399-00310608": "their next line the Gothic line formed", "joN227_OCKU-01110-00310609-00310815": "the last major line of defense in the", "joN227_OCKU-01111-00310816-00311010": "final stages of the war along the", "joN227_OCKU-01112-00311011-00311217": "summits of the Apennines the Gothic line", "joN227_OCKU-01113-00311218-00311442": "was breached on both the Adriatic and", "joN227_OCKU-01114-00311443-00311634": "the central Apennine fronts during the", "joN227_OCKU-01115-00311635-00311844": "Battle of game on Oh in August 4th", "joN227_OCKU-01116-00311845-00312072": "Indian divisions last battle before", "joN227_OCKU-01117-00312073-00312390": "moving to Greece on the United States v", "joN227_OCKU-01118-00312391-00312621": "Army's far-right wing on the right of", "joN227_OCKU-01119-00312622-00312855": "the 13th corps front 8th Indian division", "joN227_OCKU-01120-00312856-00313074": "fighting across trackless ground had", "joN227_OCKU-01121-00313075-00313266": "captured the heights of Femina mortar", "joN227_OCKU-01122-00313267-00313482": "and six British armored division had", "joN227_OCKU-01123-00313483-00313773": "taken the sanger Denso pass on route 67", "joN227_OCKU-01124-00313774-00314046": "to Forli both on the 18th of September", "joN227_OCKU-01125-00314047-00314343": "on the 5th of October the 10th Indian", "joN227_OCKU-01126-00314344-00314550": "division switched from British 10th", "joN227_OCKU-01127-00314551-00314772": "Corps to British 5th Corps had crossed", "joN227_OCKU-01128-00314773-00314988": "the Fiumicino River high in the hills", "joN227_OCKU-01129-00314989-00315210": "and turned the German defensive line on", "joN227_OCKU-01130-00315211-00315426": "the river forcing the German 10th army", "joN227_OCKU-01131-00315427-00315630": "units downstream to pull back towards", "joN227_OCKU-01132-00315631-00316068": "Bologna in the 1945 Spring Offensive the", "joN227_OCKU-01133-00316069-00316284": "critical role of getting across the CEO", "joN227_OCKU-01134-00316285-00316500": "honeycombed with defensive tunnels and", "joN227_OCKU-01135-00316501-00316716": "bunkers front and rear was given to the", "joN227_OCKU-01136-00316717-00316914": "8th Indian Division reprising the role", "joN227_OCKU-01137-00316915-00317133": "they played crossing the rapido in the", "joN227_OCKU-01138-00317134-00317430": "final battle of Monte Cassino on the", "joN227_OCKU-01139-00317431-00317778": "29th of April 1945 the Germans signed an", "joN227_OCKU-01140-00317779-00318003": "instrument of surrender hostilities in", "joN227_OCKU-01141-00318004-00318269": "Italy formally ceased on the 2nd of May", "joN227_OCKU-01142-00318270-00318726": "you", "joN227_OCKU-01143-00318727-00319217": "topic Greece", "joN227_OCKU-01144-00319218-00319592": "on the 24th of October 1944 the 4th", "joN227_OCKU-01145-00319593-00319799": "Indian Infantry Division was shipped to", "joN227_OCKU-01146-00319800-00320024": "Greece to help stabilize the country", "joN227_OCKU-01147-00320025-00320281": "after the German withdrawal the pan", "joN227_OCKU-01148-00320282-00320492": "called for the division to be dispersed", "joN227_OCKU-01149-00320493-00320830": "in three widely scattered areas the 7th", "joN227_OCKU-01150-00320831-00321023": "Indian Brigade and divisional troops", "joN227_OCKU-01151-00321024-00321266": "were allocated Greek Macedonia Thrace", "joN227_OCKU-01152-00321267-00321484": "and Thessaly with instructions to keep", "joN227_OCKU-01153-00321485-00321706": "watch on the borders of Yugoslavia and", "joN227_OCKU-01154-00321707-00322022": "Bulgaria the 11th Indian brigade would", "joN227_OCKU-01155-00322023-00322247": "garrison the towns of western Greece and", "joN227_OCKU-01156-00322248-00322526": "the Ionian Islands the 5th Indian", "joN227_OCKU-01157-00322527-00322745": "Brigade would take over the Aegean area", "joN227_OCKU-01158-00322746-00322928": "and the Cyclades and would move into", "joN227_OCKU-01159-00322929-00323150": "Crete when the enemy Garrison's in that", "joN227_OCKU-01160-00323151-00323359": "island capitulated on the 3rd of", "joN227_OCKU-01161-00323360-00323605": "December the elas members of the Greek", "joN227_OCKU-01162-00323606-00323905": "government resigned a general strike was", "joN227_OCKU-01163-00323906-00324098": "declared and police opened fire on", "joN227_OCKU-01164-00324099-00324440": "demonstrators in Italy the fourth and", "joN227_OCKU-01165-00324441-00324689": "46th British infantry divisions were", "joN227_OCKU-01166-00324690-00324977": "ordered to leave for Greece on the 15th", "joN227_OCKU-01167-00324978-00325223": "of January a truce had been concluded in", "joN227_OCKU-01168-00325224-00325432": "Athens by the terms of which elas", "joN227_OCKU-01169-00325433-00325670": "undertook to withdraw from the capital", "joN227_OCKU-01170-00325671-00325895": "and Salonika and to occupy rural", "joN227_OCKU-01171-00325896-00326240": "concentration areas except for isolated", "joN227_OCKU-01172-00326241-00326498": "incidents this truce ended operations in", "joN227_OCKU-01173-00326499-00327026": "Greece", "joN227_OCKU-01174-00327027-00327543": "topic India", "joN227_OCKU-01175-00327544-00327806": "the 14th Indian Infantry Division and", "joN227_OCKU-01176-00327807-00328050": "the 39th Indian Infantry Division were", "joN227_OCKU-01177-00328051-00328341": "converted to training formations in 1943", "joN227_OCKU-01178-00328342-00328572": "and remained in India till the end of", "joN227_OCKU-01179-00328573-00328872": "the war other units that only served in", "joN227_OCKU-01180-00328873-00329135": "India include the 32nd Indian Armored", "joN227_OCKU-01181-00329136-00329364": "Division and the 43rd Indian Armored", "joN227_OCKU-01182-00329365-00329582": "Division which never completed forming", "joN227_OCKU-01183-00329583-00329814": "before being converted to the 44th", "joN227_OCKU-01184-00329815-00330179": "Indian Airborne Division in 1943 the", "joN227_OCKU-01185-00330180-00330404": "Assam based 21st Indian Infantry", "joN227_OCKU-01186-00330405-00330707": "Division was also broken up to form 44th", "joN227_OCKU-01187-00330708-00331098": "airborne in 1944 the 34th Indian", "joN227_OCKU-01188-00331099-00331323": "Infantry Division provided the garrison", "joN227_OCKU-01189-00331324-00331500": "force alone and remained there during", "joN227_OCKU-01190-00331501-00331827": "the war it was disbanded in 1945 never", "joN227_OCKU-01191-00331828-00332507": "having seen active service", "joN227_OCKU-01192-00332508-00333090": "topic Victoria Cross", "joN227_OCKU-01193-00333091-00333420": "Indian personnel received 4,000 awards", "joN227_OCKU-01194-00333421-00333695": "for gallantry and 31 Victoria Crosses", "joN227_OCKU-01195-00333696-00334038": "the Victoria Cross BC is the highest", "joN227_OCKU-01196-00334039-00334287": "military decoration which is or has been", "joN227_OCKU-01197-00334288-00334532": "awarded for valor in the face of the", "joN227_OCKU-01198-00334533-00334845": "enemy to members of the Armed Forces of", "joN227_OCKU-01199-00334846-00335049": "the Commonwealth countries and previous", "joN227_OCKU-01200-00335050-00335360": "British Empire territories the Victoria", "joN227_OCKU-01201-00335361-00335759": "Cross is awarded for most conspicuous", "joN227_OCKU-01202-00335760-00336012": "bravery or some daring or preeminent act", "joN227_OCKU-01203-00336013-00336284": "of valor or self-sacrifice or extreme", "joN227_OCKU-01204-00336285-00336509": "devotion to duty in the presence of the", "joN227_OCKU-01205-00336510-00336860": "enemy the following members of the", "joN227_OCKU-01206-00336861-00337068": "Indian Army were recipients of the", "joN227_OCKU-01207-00337069-00337673": "Victoria Cross in World War 2", "joN227_OCKU-01208-00337674-00338340": "topic East African campaign awards", "joN227_OCKU-01209-00338341-00338558": "second leftenant preman dress Singh", "joN227_OCKU-01210-00338559-00338793": "Bhagat core of Indian engineers during", "joN227_OCKU-01211-00338794-00338994": "the pursuit of the enemy following the", "joN227_OCKU-01212-00338995-00339237": "capture of metamer on the night the 31st", "joN227_OCKU-01213-00339238-00339519": "of January to the 1st of February 1941", "joN227_OCKU-01214-00339520-00339843": "for his persistence over a period of 96", "joN227_OCKU-01215-00339844-00340052": "hours working from dawn to dusk and", "joN227_OCKU-01216-00340053-00340307": "gallantry in personally supervising the", "joN227_OCKU-01217-00340308-00340563": "clearing of 15 minefields Subedar rich", "joN227_OCKU-01218-00340564-00340850": "pal ram 6 Rajputana rifles posthumous", "joN227_OCKU-01219-00340851-00341210": "award on the 7th of February 1941 at", "joN227_OCKU-01220-00341211-00341450": "keren Eritrea rich pal Ram led a", "joN227_OCKU-01221-00341451-00341651": "successful attack on the enemy and", "joN227_OCKU-01222-00341652-00341889": "subsequently repelled 6 counter-attacks", "joN227_OCKU-01223-00341890-00342120": "and then without a shot left brought the", "joN227_OCKU-01224-00342121-00342444": "few survivors of his company back 5 days", "joN227_OCKU-01225-00342445-00342672": "later when leading another attack his", "joN227_OCKU-01226-00342673-00342851": "right foot was blown off but he", "joN227_OCKU-01227-00342852-00343065": "continued to encourage his men until he", "joN227_OCKU-01228-00343066-00343594": "died", "joN227_OCKU-01229-00343595-00344209": "topic the layin campaign awards", "joN227_OCKU-01230-00344210-00344464": "leftenant Colonel Arthur Edward coming", "joN227_OCKU-01231-00344465-00344722": "12th frontier force regiment and the 3rd", "joN227_OCKU-01232-00344723-00345082": "of January 1942 near Clanton Malaya the", "joN227_OCKU-01233-00345083-00345301": "Japanese made a furious attack on the", "joN227_OCKU-01234-00345302-00345478": "battalion and a strong enemy force", "joN227_OCKU-01235-00345479-00345772": "penetrated the position coming with a", "joN227_OCKU-01236-00345773-00346003": "small party of men immediately led a", "joN227_OCKU-01237-00346004-00346204": "counter-attack and although all his men", "joN227_OCKU-01238-00346205-00346495": "became casualties and he himself had to", "joN227_OCKU-01239-00346496-00346708": "bayonet wounds in the stomach he managed", "joN227_OCKU-01240-00346709-00346921": "to restore the situation sufficiently", "joN227_OCKU-01241-00346922-00347119": "for the major portion of the battalion", "joN227_OCKU-01242-00347120-00347398": "and it's vehicles to be withdrawn later", "joN227_OCKU-01243-00347399-00347638": "he drove in a carrier under very heavy", "joN227_OCKU-01244-00347639-00347701": "fire", "joN227_OCKU-01245-00347702-00347923": "collecting isolated detachments of his", "joN227_OCKU-01246-00347924-00348199": "men and was again wounded his gallant", "joN227_OCKU-01247-00348200-00348409": "actions helped the brigade to withdraw", "joN227_OCKU-01248-00348410-00348932": "safely", "joN227_OCKU-01249-00348933-00349652": "topic tunisian campaign awards company", "joN227_OCKU-01250-00349653-00349946": "havildar major cello ram six Rajputana", "joN227_OCKU-01251-00349947-00350186": "rifles posthumous award on the night of", "joN227_OCKU-01252-00350187-00350669": "19 to 20 april 1943 a DJ borg RC tunisia", "joN227_OCKU-01253-00350670-00350888": "despite being wounded took command of", "joN227_OCKU-01254-00350889-00351068": "the company leading him in hand-to-hand", "joN227_OCKU-01255-00351069-00351326": "fighting wounded again", "joN227_OCKU-01256-00351327-00351533": "he continued rallying his men until he", "joN227_OCKU-01257-00351534-00351812": "died Subedar lau Bahadur Thapa second", "joN227_OCKU-01258-00351813-00352112": "Gurkha Rifles and five to six April 1943", "joN227_OCKU-01259-00352113-00352391": "during the silent attack on Rath Sui", "joN227_OCKU-01260-00352392-00352697": "Tunisia La Bajada tapa commanding two", "joN227_OCKU-01261-00352698-00352928": "sections made his first contact with the", "joN227_OCKU-01262-00352929-00353147": "enemy at the foot of a pathway winding", "joN227_OCKU-01263-00353148-00353315": "up a narrow cleft which was thickly", "joN227_OCKU-01264-00353316-00353636": "studded with enemy posts the garrison of", "joN227_OCKU-01265-00353637-00353852": "the outposts were all killed by the sub", "joN227_OCKU-01266-00353853-00354095": "Adar and his men by cookery or bayonet", "joN227_OCKU-01267-00354096-00354278": "and the next machine-gun posts were", "joN227_OCKU-01268-00354279-00354554": "dealt with similarly this officer then", "joN227_OCKU-01269-00354555-00354755": "continued to fight his way up the bullet", "joN227_OCKU-01270-00354756-00354959": "swept approaches to the crest where he", "joN227_OCKU-01271-00354960-00355169": "and the rifleman with him killed for the", "joN227_OCKU-01272-00355170-00355235": "rest fled", "joN227_OCKU-01273-00355236-00355541": "this made advance by the whole division", "joN227_OCKU-01274-00355542-00356100": "was made possible", "joN227_OCKU-01275-00356101-00356696": "topic Burma Campaign Awards", "joN227_OCKU-01276-00356697-00356984": "captain Michael almond sixth Gurkha", "joN227_OCKU-01277-00356985-00357357": "Rifles posthumous award on the 11th of", "joN227_OCKU-01278-00357358-00357659": "June 1944 when his platoon come within", "joN227_OCKU-01279-00357660-00357933": "20 yards of the pin HMI Road bridge the", "joN227_OCKU-01280-00357934-00358131": "enemy opened heavy and accurate fire", "joN227_OCKU-01281-00358132-00358407": "inflicting severe casualties and forcing", "joN227_OCKU-01282-00358408-00358534": "the men to seek cover", "joN227_OCKU-01283-00358535-00358800": "captain almond however with the utmost", "joN227_OCKU-01284-00358801-00359082": "gallantry charged on by himself hurling", "joN227_OCKU-01285-00359083-00359298": "grenades into the enemy gun positions", "joN227_OCKU-01286-00359299-00359523": "and killing free Japanese himself with", "joN227_OCKU-01287-00359524-00359817": "his cookery inspired by the splendid", "joN227_OCKU-01288-00359818-00360035": "example of their platoon commander the", "joN227_OCKU-01289-00360036-00360255": "surviving men followed him and captured", "joN227_OCKU-01290-00360256-00360351": "their objective", "joN227_OCKU-01291-00360352-00360645": "two days later captain almond owing to", "joN227_OCKU-01292-00360646-00360876": "casualties among the offices took over", "joN227_OCKU-01293-00360877-00361083": "command of the company and dashing", "joN227_OCKU-01294-00361084-00361269": "thirty yards ahead of it through long", "joN227_OCKU-01295-00361270-00361491": "grass and marshy ground swept by", "joN227_OCKU-01296-00361492-00361713": "machine-gun fire personally killed a", "joN227_OCKU-01297-00361714-00361881": "number of enemy machine gunners and", "joN227_OCKU-01298-00361882-00362103": "successfully led his men onto the ridge", "joN227_OCKU-01299-00362104-00362259": "of high ground that they had been", "joN227_OCKU-01300-00362260-00362589": "ordered to seize once again on the 23rd", "joN227_OCKU-01301-00362590-00362802": "of June in the final attack on the", "joN227_OCKU-01302-00362803-00363000": "railway bridge at MOU Gong captain", "joN227_OCKU-01303-00363001-00363198": "almond although suffering from trench", "joN227_OCKU-01304-00363199-00363408": "foot which made it difficult for him to", "joN227_OCKU-01305-00363409-00363639": "walk move forward alone through deep mud", "joN227_OCKU-01306-00363640-00363870": "and shale holes and charged a Japanese", "joN227_OCKU-01307-00363871-00364104": "machine-gun nest single-handed but he", "joN227_OCKU-01308-00364105-00364290": "was mortally wounded and died shortly", "joN227_OCKU-01309-00364291-00364626": "afterwards major Frank Gerald Blake a", "joN227_OCKU-01310-00364627-00364922": "9th Gurkha Rifles posthumous award on", "joN227_OCKU-01311-00364923-00365325": "the 9th of July 1944 major Bleicher was", "joN227_OCKU-01312-00365326-00365532": "commanding a company which was held up", "joN227_OCKU-01313-00365533-00365712": "during an important advance by", "joN227_OCKU-01314-00365713-00365952": "close-range firing from medium and light", "joN227_OCKU-01315-00365953-00366260": "machineguns the major went ahead of his", "joN227_OCKU-01316-00366261-00366485": "men through very heavy fire and despite", "joN227_OCKU-01317-00366486-00366648": "being severely wounded in the arm", "joN227_OCKU-01318-00366649-00366915": "located the machine guns and charged the", "joN227_OCKU-01319-00366916-00367176": "position alone even when mortally", "joN227_OCKU-01320-00367177-00367413": "wounded he continued to cheer on his men", "joN227_OCKU-01321-00367414-00367704": "whilst lying on the ground his fearless", "joN227_OCKU-01322-00367705-00367953": "leadership inspired his men to storm and", "joN227_OCKU-01323-00367954-00368268": "capture the objective neck Fuzzle din", "joN227_OCKU-01324-00368269-00368570": "tenth panic regiment posthumous award on", "joN227_OCKU-01325-00368571-00368970": "the 2nd of March 1945 during an attack", "joN227_OCKU-01326-00368971-00369228": "Nate Fuzzle din section was held up by", "joN227_OCKU-01327-00369229-00369480": "fire from the enemy bunkers whereupon he", "joN227_OCKU-01328-00369481-00369672": "personally attacked the nearest bunker", "joN227_OCKU-01329-00369673-00369900": "and silenced it then let his men against", "joN227_OCKU-01330-00369901-00370212": "the other suddenly six Japanese led by", "joN227_OCKU-01331-00370213-00370470": "two offices wielding swords rushed out", "joN227_OCKU-01332-00370471-00370683": "and make Fuzzle din was run through the", "joN227_OCKU-01333-00370684-00370968": "chest by one of them as the sword was", "joN227_OCKU-01334-00370969-00371175": "withdrawn the nae crested it from the", "joN227_OCKU-01335-00371176-00371343": "hands of its owner and killed him with", "joN227_OCKU-01336-00371344-00371637": "it having killed another Japanese with", "joN227_OCKU-01337-00371638-00371856": "the sword he waved it aloft continuing", "joN227_OCKU-01338-00371857-00372066": "to encourage his men before staggering", "joN227_OCKU-01339-00372067-00372320": "back to make his report and collapsing", "joN227_OCKU-01340-00372321-00372725": "havildar KJ gal a fifth Gurkha Rifles", "joN227_OCKU-01341-00372726-00373134": "during the period 24 to 27 May 1943", "joN227_OCKU-01342-00373135-00373428": "havildar gauge agar lay was in charge of", "joN227_OCKU-01343-00373429-00373653": "a platoon of young soldiers engaged in", "joN227_OCKU-01344-00373654-00373877": "attacking a strong Japanese position", "joN227_OCKU-01345-00373878-00374154": "wounded in the arm chest and leg he", "joN227_OCKU-01346-00374155-00374340": "nevertheless continued to lead assault", "joN227_OCKU-01347-00374341-00374583": "after assault encouraging his men by", "joN227_OCKU-01348-00374584-00374877": "shouting the Gurkhas battle cry spurred", "joN227_OCKU-01349-00374878-00375072": "on by the irresistible will of their", "joN227_OCKU-01350-00375073-00375114": "leader", "joN227_OCKU-01351-00375115-00375312": "the platoon stormed and captured the", "joN227_OCKU-01352-00375313-00375519": "position which the havildar then held", "joN227_OCKU-01353-00375520-00375714": "and consolidated under heavy fire", "joN227_OCKU-01354-00375715-00375939": "refusing to go to the regimental aid", "joN227_OCKU-01355-00375940-00376284": "post until ordered to do so rifleman", "joN227_OCKU-01356-00376285-00376551": "band back to guru 2nd Gurkha Rifles", "joN227_OCKU-01357-00376552-00376959": "on the 5th of March 1945 his company", "joN227_OCKU-01358-00376960-00377133": "became pinned down by an enemy sniper", "joN227_OCKU-01359-00377134-00377454": "and were suffering casualties as this", "joN227_OCKU-01360-00377455-00377676": "sniper was inflicting casualties on the", "joN227_OCKU-01361-00377677-00377940": "section rifleman band back to guru being", "joN227_OCKU-01362-00377941-00378129": "unable to fire from the lying position", "joN227_OCKU-01363-00378130-00378390": "stood up fully exposed to the heavy fire", "joN227_OCKU-01364-00378391-00378615": "and calmly killed the enemy sniper with", "joN227_OCKU-01365-00378616-00378849": "his rifle thus saving his section from", "joN227_OCKU-01366-00378850-00379155": "suffering further casualties the section", "joN227_OCKU-01367-00379156-00379380": "advanced again but came under heavy fire", "joN227_OCKU-01368-00379381-00379623": "once again without waiting for orders", "joN227_OCKU-01369-00379624-00379866": "guru dashed out to attack the first", "joN227_OCKU-01370-00379867-00380205": "enemy foxhole throwing two grenades he", "joN227_OCKU-01371-00380206-00380403": "killed the two occupants and without any", "joN227_OCKU-01372-00380404-00380616": "hesitation rushed on to the next enemy", "joN227_OCKU-01373-00380617-00380844": "foxhole and killed the Japanese in it", "joN227_OCKU-01374-00380845-00381129": "with his bayonet he cleared to further", "joN227_OCKU-01375-00381130-00381414": "foxholes with bayonet and grenade during", "joN227_OCKU-01376-00381415-00381666": "his single-handed attacks on these four", "joN227_OCKU-01377-00381667-00381945": "enemy foxholes rifleman band actor", "joN227_OCKU-01378-00381946-00382158": "Goering was subjected to almost", "joN227_OCKU-01379-00382159-00382419": "continuous and point-blank light machine", "joN227_OCKU-01380-00382420-00382689": "gun fire from a bunker on the north tip", "joN227_OCKU-01381-00382690-00382827": "of the objective", "joN227_OCKU-01382-00382828-00383169": "for the fifth time Guren went forward", "joN227_OCKU-01383-00383170-00383406": "alone in the face of heavy enemy fire to", "joN227_OCKU-01384-00383407-00383724": "knock out this position he doubled", "joN227_OCKU-01385-00383725-00383934": "forward and lepton to the roof of the", "joN227_OCKU-01386-00383935-00384144": "bunker from where his hand grenades", "joN227_OCKU-01387-00384145-00384255": "being finished", "joN227_OCKU-01388-00384256-00384567": "he flung to number 77 smoke grenades", "joN227_OCKU-01389-00384568-00384927": "into the bunker slit guru killed two", "joN227_OCKU-01390-00384928-00385146": "Japanese soldiers who ran out of the", "joN227_OCKU-01391-00385147-00385377": "bunker with his kukri and then advanced", "joN227_OCKU-01392-00385378-00385563": "into the cramped bunker and killed the", "joN227_OCKU-01393-00385564-00385875": "remaining Japanese soldier guru Maul did", "joN227_OCKU-01394-00385876-00386088": "three others to take up positions in the", "joN227_OCKU-01395-00386089-00386328": "bunker the enemy counter-attack followed", "joN227_OCKU-01396-00386329-00386577": "soon after but under riflemen ban back", "joN227_OCKU-01397-00386578-00386838": "to gurus command the small party inside", "joN227_OCKU-01398-00386839-00387024": "the bunker repelled it with heavy loss", "joN227_OCKU-01399-00387025-00387339": "to the enemy riflemen BAM back to guru", "joN227_OCKU-01400-00387340-00387570": "nod outstanding bravery and a complete", "joN227_OCKU-01401-00387571-00387843": "disregard for his own safety his", "joN227_OCKU-01402-00387844-00388041": "courageous clearing of five enemy", "joN227_OCKU-01403-00388042-00388266": "positions single-handed was in itself", "joN227_OCKU-01404-00388267-00388506": "decisive in capturing the objective and", "joN227_OCKU-01405-00388507-00388740": "his inspiring example to the rest of the", "joN227_OCKU-01406-00388741-00388929": "company contributed to the speedy", "joN227_OCKU-01407-00388930-00389286": "consolidation of this success riflemen", "joN227_OCKU-01408-00389287-00389529": "lack 'man guru eighth Gurkha Rifles", "joN227_OCKU-01409-00389530-00389994": "on 12 to 13 May 1945 rifleman Lackey man", "joN227_OCKU-01410-00389995-00390201": "Gorham was manning the most forward post", "joN227_OCKU-01411-00390202-00390408": "of his platoon which bore the brunt of", "joN227_OCKU-01412-00390409-00390656": "an attack by at least 200 of the enemy", "joN227_OCKU-01413-00390657-00390930": "pricey hold bag grenades which had", "joN227_OCKU-01414-00390931-00391113": "fallen on his trench but the third", "joN227_OCKU-01415-00391114-00391350": "exploded in his right hand blowing off", "joN227_OCKU-01416-00391351-00391554": "his fingers shattering his arm and", "joN227_OCKU-01417-00391555-00391755": "severely wounding him in the face body", "joN227_OCKU-01418-00391756-00392085": "and right leg his two comrades were also", "joN227_OCKU-01419-00392086-00392334": "badly wounded but the rifleman now alone", "joN227_OCKU-01420-00392335-00392571": "and disregarding his wounds loaded and", "joN227_OCKU-01421-00392572-00392778": "fired his rifle with his left hand for", "joN227_OCKU-01422-00392779-00392985": "four hours calmly waiting for each", "joN227_OCKU-01423-00392986-00393141": "attack which he met with fire", "joN227_OCKU-01424-00393142-00393320": "point-blank range", "joN227_OCKU-01425-00393321-00393570": "afterwards when the casualties were", "joN227_OCKU-01426-00393571-00393762": "counted it is reported that there were", "joN227_OCKU-01427-00393763-00394023": "31 dead Japanese around his position", "joN227_OCKU-01428-00394024-00394280": "which he had killed with only one arm", "joN227_OCKU-01429-00394281-00394638": "Jame de Abdul Hafeez 9th yard regiment", "joN227_OCKU-01430-00394639-00394977": "posthumous award on the 6th of April", "joN227_OCKU-01431-00394978-00395307": "1944 Jame de Abdul Hafeez was ordered to", "joN227_OCKU-01432-00395308-00395502": "attack with his platoon of prominent", "joN227_OCKU-01433-00395503-00395718": "position held by the enemy the only", "joN227_OCKU-01434-00395719-00395901": "approach to which was across a bear", "joN227_OCKU-01435-00395902-00396177": "slope and then up a very steep cliff", "joN227_OCKU-01436-00396178-00396393": "the Jame da led the assault killing", "joN227_OCKU-01437-00396394-00396591": "several of the enemy himself and then", "joN227_OCKU-01438-00396592-00396789": "pressed on regardless of machine gun", "joN227_OCKU-01439-00396790-00397071": "fired from another feature he received", "joN227_OCKU-01440-00397072-00397326": "two wounds the second of which was fatal", "joN227_OCKU-01441-00397327-00397548": "but he had succeeded in routing an enemy", "joN227_OCKU-01442-00397549-00397773": "vastly superior in numbers and had", "joN227_OCKU-01443-00397774-00398015": "captured a most important position", "joN227_OCKU-01444-00398016-00398328": "leftenant Karen Jeet Singh judge 15th", "joN227_OCKU-01445-00398329-00398703": "Punjab Regiment posthumous award on the", "joN227_OCKU-01446-00398704-00398925": "18th of March 1945", "joN227_OCKU-01447-00398926-00399126": "leftenant Karen Jeet Singh judge a", "joN227_OCKU-01448-00399127-00399348": "platoon commander of a company ordered", "joN227_OCKU-01449-00399349-00399567": "to capture a cotton mill dominated the", "joN227_OCKU-01450-00399568-00399774": "battlefield by his numerous acts of", "joN227_OCKU-01451-00399775-00400080": "gallantry after eliminating ten enemy", "joN227_OCKU-01452-00400081-00400308": "bunkers he directed one tank to within", "joN227_OCKU-01453-00400309-00400539": "20 yards of another and asked the tank", "joN227_OCKU-01454-00400540-00400764": "commander to cease fire while he went in", "joN227_OCKU-01455-00400765-00401088": "to mop up while doing so he was mortally", "joN227_OCKU-01456-00401089-00401493": "wounded rifleman Ganju lama 7th Gurkha", "joN227_OCKU-01457-00401494-00401553": "Rifles", "joN227_OCKU-01458-00401554-00402003": "on the 12th of June 1944 the company was", "joN227_OCKU-01459-00402004-00402198": "attempting to stem the enemy's advance", "joN227_OCKU-01460-00402199-00402402": "when it came under heavy machine gun and", "joN227_OCKU-01461-00402403-00402708": "tank machine gun fire rifleman ganja", "joN227_OCKU-01462-00402709-00402927": "llama with complete disregard for his", "joN227_OCKU-01463-00402928-00403152": "own safety took his pee at gun and", "joN227_OCKU-01464-00403153-00403377": "crawling forward succeeded in bringing", "joN227_OCKU-01465-00403378-00403632": "the gun into action within 30 yards of", "joN227_OCKU-01466-00403633-00403877": "the enemy tanks knocking out two of them", "joN227_OCKU-01467-00403878-00404139": "despite a broken wrist and two other", "joN227_OCKU-01468-00404140-00404355": "serious wounds to his right and left", "joN227_OCKU-01469-00404356-00404568": "hands he then moved forward and engaged", "joN227_OCKU-01470-00404569-00404789": "the tank crew who were trying to escape", "joN227_OCKU-01471-00404790-00405078": "not until he had accounted for all of", "joN227_OCKU-01472-00405079-00405264": "them did he consent to have his wounds", "joN227_OCKU-01473-00405265-00405648": "dressed riflemen told the hard upon 6th", "joN227_OCKU-01474-00405649-00405747": "Gurkha Rifles", "joN227_OCKU-01475-00405748-00406167": "on the 23rd of June 1944 during an", "joN227_OCKU-01476-00406168-00406386": "attack on the railway bridge a section", "joN227_OCKU-01477-00406387-00406572": "of one of the platoons was wiped out", "joN227_OCKU-01478-00406573-00406788": "with the exception of riflemen told the", "joN227_OCKU-01479-00406789-00407022": "hard upon his section commander and one", "joN227_OCKU-01480-00407023-00407271": "other the section commander immediately", "joN227_OCKU-01481-00407272-00407526": "led a charge on the enemy position but", "joN227_OCKU-01482-00407527-00407748": "was at once badly wounded as was the", "joN227_OCKU-01483-00407749-00408066": "third man rifleman pon with the Bren gun", "joN227_OCKU-01484-00408067-00408273": "continued the charge alone in the face", "joN227_OCKU-01485-00408274-00408462": "of shattering fire and reaching the", "joN227_OCKU-01486-00408463-00408657": "position killed three of the occupants", "joN227_OCKU-01487-00408658-00408915": "and put five more to fight capturing two", "joN227_OCKU-01488-00408916-00409221": "like machine guns and much ammunition he", "joN227_OCKU-01489-00409222-00409416": "then gave accurate supporting fire", "joN227_OCKU-01490-00409417-00409560": "enabling the rest of", "joN227_OCKU-01491-00409561-00409802": "the tune to reach their objective", "joN227_OCKU-01492-00409803-00410076": "rifleman Agins in rye fifth Gurkha", "joN227_OCKU-01493-00410077-00410133": "Rifles", "joN227_OCKU-01494-00410134-00410580": "on the 26th of June 1944 under withering", "joN227_OCKU-01495-00410581-00410829": "fire Agins in rye and his party charged", "joN227_OCKU-01496-00410830-00411117": "a machine-gun Agins in rye himself", "joN227_OCKU-01497-00411118-00411330": "killed three of the crew when the first", "joN227_OCKU-01498-00411331-00411539": "position had been taken he then led a", "joN227_OCKU-01499-00411541-00411756": "dash on the machine-gun firing from the", "joN227_OCKU-01500-00411757-00411951": "jungle where he killed three of the crew", "joN227_OCKU-01501-00411952-00412196": "his men accounting for the rest he", "joN227_OCKU-01502-00412197-00412479": "subsequently tackled an isolated bunker", "joN227_OCKU-01503-00412480-00412724": "single-handed killing all four occupants", "joN227_OCKU-01504-00412725-00413037": "the enemy were now so demoralized that", "joN227_OCKU-01505-00413038-00413202": "they fled and the second post was", "joN227_OCKU-01506-00413203-00413574": "recaptured Sepoy Bhandari ram 10th", "joN227_OCKU-01507-00413575-00413939": "Ballack regiment on the 22nd of november", "joN227_OCKU-01508-00413941-00414291": "1944 Sepoy Bhandari rams platoon was", "joN227_OCKU-01509-00414292-00414567": "pinned down by machine-gun fire although", "joN227_OCKU-01510-00414568-00414783": "wounded he crawled up to a Japanese", "joN227_OCKU-01511-00414784-00414984": "light machine gun in full view of the", "joN227_OCKU-01512-00414985-00415160": "enemy and was wounded again but", "joN227_OCKU-01513-00415162-00415364": "continued crawling to within five yards", "joN227_OCKU-01514-00415366-00415638": "of his objective he then threw a grenade", "joN227_OCKU-01515-00415639-00415872": "into the position killing the gunner and", "joN227_OCKU-01516-00415872-00416154": "two others this action inspired his", "joN227_OCKU-01517-00416155-00416370": "platoon to rush and capture the enemy", "joN227_OCKU-01518-00416371-00416643": "position only then did he allow his", "joN227_OCKU-01519-00416643-00416993": "wounds to be dressed bland snakish our", "joN227_OCKU-01520-00416995-00417234": "sixteenth punjab regiment posthumous", "joN227_OCKU-01521-00417235-00417759": "award on 19 - 20 january 1945 land snake", "joN227_OCKU-01522-00417760-00417993": "Sher Shah was commanding a left forward", "joN227_OCKU-01523-00417993-00418167": "section of his platoon when it was", "joN227_OCKU-01524-00418168-00418356": "attacked by overwhelming numbers of", "joN227_OCKU-01525-00418357-00418653": "Japanese he broke up two attacks by", "joN227_OCKU-01526-00418654-00418847": "crawling right in among the enemy and", "joN227_OCKU-01527-00418849-00419133": "shooting at point-blank range on the", "joN227_OCKU-01528-00419134-00419349": "second occasion he was hit in his leg", "joN227_OCKU-01529-00419350-00419522": "shattered but he maintained that his", "joN227_OCKU-01530-00419524-00419709": "injury was only slight and when the", "joN227_OCKU-01531-00419710-00419895": "third attack came he again crawled", "joN227_OCKU-01532-00419896-00420129": "forward engaging the enemy until he was", "joN227_OCKU-01533-00420130-00420432": "shot through the head and killed Nagy", "joN227_OCKU-01534-00420433-00420716": "and Singh fifteenth Punjab regiment on", "joN227_OCKU-01535-00420717-00421118": "the second of March 1945 Nagy and Singh", "joN227_OCKU-01536-00421120-00421335": "who was in charge of the leading section", "joN227_OCKU-01537-00421335-00421568": "of his platoon went on alone firing his", "joN227_OCKU-01538-00421570-00421803": "tommy gun and rushed the enemy foxholes", "joN227_OCKU-01539-00421804-00422112": "in spite of being wounded in the arm he", "joN227_OCKU-01540-00422113-00422447": "went on hurling grenades he attacked and", "joN227_OCKU-01541-00422449-00422631": "killed the crew of a cleverly concealed", "joN227_OCKU-01542-00422632-00422874": "anti-tank gun and then led his men down", "joN227_OCKU-01543-00422875-00422945": "a lane", "joN227_OCKU-01544-00422946-00423231": "barring all enemy positions he went on", "joN227_OCKU-01545-00423232-00423456": "leading his section until the action had", "joN227_OCKU-01546-00423457-00423800": "been satisfactorily completed Natan and", "joN227_OCKU-01547-00423801-00424237": "Singh xi seek remand on 11 to 12 March", "joN227_OCKU-01548-00424238-00424535": "1944 Natan and Singh commanding a", "joN227_OCKU-01549-00424536-00424710": "leading section of the attack was", "joN227_OCKU-01550-00424710-00424908": "ordered to recapture a position gained", "joN227_OCKU-01551-00424909-00425198": "by the enemy he led his section up a", "joN227_OCKU-01552-00425199-00425408": "very steep knife-edged Ridge under very", "joN227_OCKU-01553-00425409-00425625": "heavy machine gun and rifle fire and", "joN227_OCKU-01554-00425626-00425822": "although wounded in the thigh captured", "joN227_OCKU-01555-00425823-00426095": "the first trench he then crawled forward", "joN227_OCKU-01556-00426096-00426320": "alone and wounded again in the face and", "joN227_OCKU-01557-00426321-00426510": "shoulder nevertheless captured the", "joN227_OCKU-01558-00426510-00426800": "second and third trenches havildar", "joN227_OCKU-01559-00426801-00427202": "Parkash Singh 8 punjab regiment on the", "joN227_OCKU-01560-00427203-00427520": "6th of January 1943 havildar Parkash", "joN227_OCKU-01561-00427521-00427739": "Singh drove his own carrier forward and", "joN227_OCKU-01562-00427740-00427935": "rescued the crews of to disabled", "joN227_OCKU-01563-00427935-00428237": "carriers under very heavy fire again on", "joN227_OCKU-01564-00428238-00428498": "the 19th of January in the same area he", "joN227_OCKU-01565-00428499-00428727": "rescued two more carriers which had been", "joN227_OCKU-01566-00428728-00428937": "put out of action by an enemy anti-tank", "joN227_OCKU-01567-00428938-00429239": "gun he then went out yet again and", "joN227_OCKU-01568-00429240-00429431": "brought to safety another disabled", "joN227_OCKU-01569-00429432-00429777": "carrier containing two wounded men Jame", "joN227_OCKU-01570-00429778-00430022": "de Prakash Singh chip 13th frontier", "joN227_OCKU-01571-00430023-00430466": "force rifles posthumous award on 16 17th", "joN227_OCKU-01572-00430467-00430796": "February 1945 Jame de Prakash Singh was", "joN227_OCKU-01573-00430797-00431000": "commanding a platoon which took the main", "joN227_OCKU-01574-00431001-00431285": "way to fierce enemy attacks he was", "joN227_OCKU-01575-00431286-00431498": "wounded in both ankles and relieved of", "joN227_OCKU-01576-00431499-00431625": "his command but when his", "joN227_OCKU-01577-00431626-00431862": "second-in-command was also wounded he", "joN227_OCKU-01578-00431863-00432039": "crawled back and took command of his", "joN227_OCKU-01579-00432039-00432285": "unit again directing operations and", "joN227_OCKU-01580-00432285-00432560": "encouraging his men he was wounded in", "joN227_OCKU-01581-00432561-00432810": "both legs a second time but he continued", "joN227_OCKU-01582-00432810-00433002": "to direct the defense dragging himself", "joN227_OCKU-01583-00433003-00433343": "from place to place by his hands when", "joN227_OCKU-01584-00433344-00433583": "wounded a third time and final time he", "joN227_OCKU-01585-00433584-00433796": "lay shouting the dog O'War cry as he", "joN227_OCKU-01586-00433797-00434048": "died inspiring his company that finally", "joN227_OCKU-01587-00434049-00434358": "drove off the enemy havildar umm RAL", "joN227_OCKU-01588-00434359-00434756": "Singh Indian Artillery Regiment on 15 to", "joN227_OCKU-01589-00434757-00435093": "16 December 1944 havildar um RAL Singh", "joN227_OCKU-01590-00435093-00435329": "was a field gun detachment commander in", "joN227_OCKU-01591-00435330-00435558": "an advanced section of the xxx Mountain", "joN227_OCKU-01592-00435559-00435806": "regiment Indian artillery attached to", "joN227_OCKU-01593-00435807-00436121": "the 81st West African division singh's", "joN227_OCKU-01594-00436122-00436326": "gun was in an advanced position", "joN227_OCKU-01595-00436327-00436485": "supporting the eighth Gold Coast", "joN227_OCKU-01596-00436485-00436788": "regiment after a 90 minute sustained", "joN227_OCKU-01597-00436789-00437070": "bombardment from 75 millimetres guns and", "joN227_OCKU-01598-00437071-00437280": "mortars singh's gun position was", "joN227_OCKU-01599-00437281-00437466": "attacked by at least two companies of", "joN227_OCKU-01600-00437467-00437760": "Japanese infantry using a Bren light", "joN227_OCKU-01601-00437760-00438014": "machine gun he directed the rifle fire", "joN227_OCKU-01602-00438016-00438210": "of the Gunners holding off the assault", "joN227_OCKU-01603-00438210-00438560": "and was wounded by two grenades a second", "joN227_OCKU-01604-00438562-00438785": "wave of attackers killed all but Singh", "joN227_OCKU-01605-00438787-00438996": "and to other Gunners but was also beaten", "joN227_OCKU-01606-00438997-00439314": "off the three soldiers had only a few", "joN227_OCKU-01607-00439314-00439506": "bullets remaining and these were rapidly", "joN227_OCKU-01608-00439507-00439728": "exhausted in the initial stages of the", "joN227_OCKU-01609-00439729-00439993": "assault by a third wave of attackers", "joN227_OCKU-01610-00439995-00440328": "undaunted Singh picked up a gun Bearer a", "joN227_OCKU-01611-00440329-00440628": "heavy iron rod similar to a crowbar and", "joN227_OCKU-01612-00440629-00440838": "used that as a weapon in hand-to-hand", "joN227_OCKU-01613-00440839-00441108": "fighting he was seen to strike down", "joN227_OCKU-01614-00441109-00441335": "three infantryman before succumbing to a", "joN227_OCKU-01615-00441337-00441668": "rain of blows six hours later after a", "joN227_OCKU-01616-00441670-00441747": "counter-attack", "joN227_OCKU-01617-00441747-00441975": "he was found alive but unconscious near", "joN227_OCKU-01618-00441976-00442163": "to his artillery piece almost", "joN227_OCKU-01619-00442164-00442410": "unrecognizable from a head injury still", "joN227_OCKU-01620-00442410-00442701": "clutching his gun bearer 10 Japanese", "joN227_OCKU-01621-00442702-00442985": "soldiers lay dead nearby his field gun", "joN227_OCKU-01622-00442987-00443249": "was back in action later that day", "joN227_OCKU-01623-00443250-00443585": "Subedar am Sarab Singh first Punjab", "joN227_OCKU-01624-00443587-00443985": "regiment posthumous award on the 25th of", "joN227_OCKU-01625-00443985-00444306": "October 1944 two platoons were ordered", "joN227_OCKU-01626-00444307-00444510": "to attack a particularly strong enemy", "joN227_OCKU-01627-00444510-00444777": "position the platoon commanded by", "joN227_OCKU-01628-00444778-00445002": "Subedar am Sarab singh attained its", "joN227_OCKU-01629-00445003-00445218": "objective completely rooting the enemy", "joN227_OCKU-01630-00445218-00445446": "and although the subbudu was wounded in", "joN227_OCKU-01631-00445447-00445676": "both legs he insisted on carrying on", "joN227_OCKU-01632-00445677-00445980": "later the enemy's fierce counter-attack", "joN227_OCKU-01633-00445981-00446238": "was only halted by subbudu ram Sarab", "joN227_OCKU-01634-00446239-00446472": "sings - encounter charge in which he", "joN227_OCKU-01635-00446472-00446766": "killed four of the enemy himself he was", "joN227_OCKU-01636-00446767-00447003": "again wounded in the thigh but continued", "joN227_OCKU-01637-00447004-00447210": "to lead his men killing two more of the", "joN227_OCKU-01638-00447210-00447472": "enemy until he was mortally wounded", "joN227_OCKU-01639-00447474-00447756": "acting suffered and a trabajan or tapa", "joN227_OCKU-01640-00447757-00448091": "fifth Gurkha Rifles posthumous award on", "joN227_OCKU-01641-00448092-00448566": "25 - 26 June 1944 acting subedit ARPA", "joN227_OCKU-01642-00448567-00448809": "was in command of a small isolated Hill", "joN227_OCKU-01643-00448810-00449031": "post at Bishan poor Burma when the", "joN227_OCKU-01644-00449032-00449339": "Japanese army attacked in force the men", "joN227_OCKU-01645-00449341-00449607": "inspired by the leaders example held the", "joN227_OCKU-01646-00449608-00449714": "ground and the enemy", "joN227_OCKU-01647-00449716-00449943": "were beaten off but casualties were very", "joN227_OCKU-01648-00449943-00450185": "heavy and reinforcements were requested", "joN227_OCKU-01649-00450187-00450450": "when these arrived some hours later they", "joN227_OCKU-01650-00450451-00450642": "also suffered heavy casualties", "joN227_OCKU-01651-00450643-00450872": "Thapa retrieved the reinforcement", "joN227_OCKU-01652-00450874-00451062": "ammunition himself and mounted an", "joN227_OCKU-01653-00451063-00451247": "offensive with grenades and cookies", "joN227_OCKU-01654-00451249-00451870": "until he was killed", "joN227_OCKU-01655-00451871-00452495": "topic Italian campaign awards", "joN227_OCKU-01656-00452496-00452742": "Nate yeah Shuang gadge fifth Murata", "joN227_OCKU-01657-00452743-00453099": "light infantry posthumous award on the", "joN227_OCKU-01658-00453100-00453417": "10th of July 1944 a rifle section", "joN227_OCKU-01659-00453418-00453639": "commanded by Nature Shuang gage came", "joN227_OCKU-01660-00453639-00453831": "under heavy machine-gun fire at close", "joN227_OCKU-01661-00453832-00454059": "range which killed or wounded all", "joN227_OCKU-01662-00454060-00454233": "members of the section except the", "joN227_OCKU-01663-00454234-00454520": "commander without hesitation napier", "joN227_OCKU-01664-00454521-00454697": "chuan gage rushed the machine gun", "joN227_OCKU-01665-00454698-00454914": "position first throwing a grenade which", "joN227_OCKU-01666-00454914-00455124": "knocked out the machine gun and fire and", "joN227_OCKU-01667-00455125-00455393": "then he shot one of the gun crew finally", "joN227_OCKU-01668-00455394-00455672": "having no time to change his magazine he", "joN227_OCKU-01669-00455673-00455829": "clubbed to death the two remaining", "joN227_OCKU-01670-00455830-00456089": "members of the crew he fell mortally", "joN227_OCKU-01671-00456091-00456464": "wounded shot by an enemy sniper rifle", "joN227_OCKU-01672-00456466-00456681": "Mantha man Gong 5th Gurkha Rifles", "joN227_OCKU-01673-00456682-00457060": "posthumous award on the 10th of November", "joN227_OCKU-01674-00457062-00457389": "1944 riflemen themand Goering was acting", "joN227_OCKU-01675-00457389-00457683": "as a scout - a fighting patrol it was", "joN227_OCKU-01676-00457684-00457929": "undoubtedly due to his superb gallantry", "joN227_OCKU-01677-00457930-00458109": "that his platoon was able to withdraw", "joN227_OCKU-01678-00458110-00458334": "from an extremely difficult position", "joN227_OCKU-01679-00458335-00458541": "without many more casualties than were", "joN227_OCKU-01680-00458542-00458735": "in fact incurred and that some very", "joN227_OCKU-01681-00458737-00458952": "valuable information was obtained which", "joN227_OCKU-01682-00458953-00459135": "resulted in the capture of the feature", "joN227_OCKU-01683-00459135-00459456": "three days later the Rifleman's bravery", "joN227_OCKU-01684-00459457-00459638": "cost him his life", "joN227_OCKU-01685-00459639-00459987": "Sepoy Ali Hyde our 13th frontier force", "joN227_OCKU-01686-00459988-00460437": "rifles on the 9th of April 1945 during", "joN227_OCKU-01687-00460438-00460602": "the crossing of the seniya River only", "joN227_OCKU-01688-00460603-00460868": "Sepoy Ali Haydar and the two other men", "joN227_OCKU-01689-00460869-00461058": "of his section managed to get across", "joN227_OCKU-01690-00461059-00461360": "under heavy machine-gun fire then while", "joN227_OCKU-01691-00461362-00461562": "the other two covered him the Sepoy", "joN227_OCKU-01692-00461563-00461781": "attacked the nearest strong point and in", "joN227_OCKU-01693-00461782-00462000": "spite of being wounded put it out of", "joN227_OCKU-01694-00462001-00462270": "action in attacking a second strong", "joN227_OCKU-01695-00462271-00462497": "point he was again severely wounded but", "joN227_OCKU-01696-00462498-00462633": "managed to crawl closer", "joN227_OCKU-01697-00462634-00462864": "throw a grenade and charge the post two", "joN227_OCKU-01698-00462864-00463068": "of the enemy were wounded the remaining", "joN227_OCKU-01699-00463068-00463353": "two surrendered the rest of the company", "joN227_OCKU-01700-00463354-00463535": "were then able to cross the river and", "joN227_OCKU-01701-00463537-00463866": "establish a bridgehead Sepoy nandayo", "joN227_OCKU-01702-00463867-00464164": "Jadhav v Maratha light infantry on the", "joN227_OCKU-01703-00464166-00464564": "9th of April 1945 Italy when a small", "joN227_OCKU-01704-00464566-00464766": "party were almost wiped out in an", "joN227_OCKU-01705-00464767-00464952": "assault on the east flood bank of the", "joN227_OCKU-01706-00464953-00465218": "river Sepoy nandayo Jadhav carried two", "joN227_OCKU-01707-00465219-00465426": "wounded men under heavy fire through", "joN227_OCKU-01708-00465427-00465660": "deep water up a steep Bank and through a", "joN227_OCKU-01709-00465660-00465866": "mine belt to safety", "joN227_OCKU-01710-00465867-00466059": "then determined to avenge his dead", "joN227_OCKU-01711-00466060-00466275": "comrades he eliminated three enemy", "joN227_OCKU-01712-00466276-00466599": "machine-gun posts finally climbing on", "joN227_OCKU-01713-00466600-00466797": "top of the bank he shouted the Murata", "joN227_OCKU-01714-00466797-00466983": "war cry and waved the remaining", "joN227_OCKU-01715-00466984-00467291": "companies across he not only saved many", "joN227_OCKU-01716-00467292-00467510": "lives but enabled the battalion to", "joN227_OCKU-01717-00467512-00467712": "secure the bridgehead and ultimately to", "joN227_OCKU-01718-00467713-00467995": "crush all enemy resistance in the area", "joN227_OCKU-01719-00467996-00468470": "Sepoy Kemal Ram 8 punjab regiment on the", "joN227_OCKU-01720-00468471-00468807": "12th of May 1944 the company advance was", "joN227_OCKU-01721-00468808-00469038": "held up by heavy machine-gun fire from", "joN227_OCKU-01722-00469039-00469270": "four posts on the front and thanks the", "joN227_OCKU-01723-00469271-00469535": "capture of the position was essential", "joN227_OCKU-01724-00469537-00469785": "and Sepoy Kemal Ram volunteered to get", "joN227_OCKU-01725-00469785-00469970": "round the rear of the right post and", "joN227_OCKU-01726-00469971-00470241": "silence it he attacked the first two", "joN227_OCKU-01727-00470242-00470481": "posts single-handed killing or taking", "joN227_OCKU-01728-00470482-00470676": "prisoner the occupants and together with", "joN227_OCKU-01729-00470677-00470883": "a havildar he then went on to complete", "joN227_OCKU-01730-00470884-00471174": "the destruction of 1/3 his outstanding", "joN227_OCKU-01731-00471175-00471435": "bravery unquestionably saved a difficult", "joN227_OCKU-01732-00471435-00471657": "situation at a critical period of the", "joN227_OCKU-01733-00471658-00472035": "battle riflemen sure Bahadur Thapa 9th", "joN227_OCKU-01734-00472035-00472437": "Gurkha Rifles posthumous award on 18 -", "joN227_OCKU-01735-00472438-00472760": "19 September 1944 when a company of the", "joN227_OCKU-01736-00472762-00472974": "9th Gurkha Rifles encountered bitter", "joN227_OCKU-01737-00472975-00473160": "opposition from a German prepared", "joN227_OCKU-01738-00473160-00473409": "position riflemen sherpa harder topper", "joN227_OCKU-01739-00473410-00473595": "and his section commander who was", "joN227_OCKU-01740-00473596-00473816": "afterwards badly wounded charged and", "joN227_OCKU-01741-00473817-00474068": "silenced an enemy machine-gun the", "joN227_OCKU-01742-00474069-00474258": "rifleman then went on alone to the", "joN227_OCKU-01743-00474259-00474504": "exposed part of a ridge where ignoring a", "joN227_OCKU-01744-00474505-00474689": "hail of bullets he silenced more", "joN227_OCKU-01745-00474690-00474920": "machineguns covered a withdrawal and", "joN227_OCKU-01746-00474921-00475145": "rescued two wounded men before he was", "joN227_OCKU-01747-00475146-00475702": "killed", "joN227_OCKU-01748-00475703-00476262": "topic George Cross", "joN227_OCKU-01749-00476263-00476559": "the George Cross GC is the counterpart", "joN227_OCKU-01750-00476560-00476754": "of the Victoria Cross and the highest", "joN227_OCKU-01751-00476755-00476991": "gallantry award for civilians as well as", "joN227_OCKU-01752-00476992-00477213": "for military personnel in actions which", "joN227_OCKU-01753-00477214-00477426": "are not in the face of the enemy or for", "joN227_OCKU-01754-00477427-00477609": "which purely military honors would not", "joN227_OCKU-01755-00477610-00477879": "normally be granted the following", "joN227_OCKU-01756-00477880-00478059": "members of the Indian Army were", "joN227_OCKU-01757-00478060-00478278": "recipients of the George Cross in World", "joN227_OCKU-01758-00478279-00478393": "War two", "joN227_OCKU-01759-00478395-00478692": "captain matin Ahmed Ansari seventh", "joN227_OCKU-01760-00478693-00479064": "Rajput regiment posthumous award he was", "joN227_OCKU-01761-00479064-00479280": "taken prisoner by the Japanese after", "joN227_OCKU-01762-00479281-00479618": "they invaded Hong Kong in December 1941", "joN227_OCKU-01763-00479618-00479885": "after the Japanese discovered that he", "joN227_OCKU-01764-00479887-00480066": "was related to the ruler of one of the", "joN227_OCKU-01765-00480067-00480282": "princely states they demanded that he", "joN227_OCKU-01766-00480283-00480432": "renounced his allegiance to the British", "joN227_OCKU-01767-00480433-00480675": "and ferment discontent in the ranks of", "joN227_OCKU-01768-00480676-00480981": "Indian prisoners in the prison camps he", "joN227_OCKU-01769-00480982-00481160": "refused and was thrown into the", "joN227_OCKU-01770-00481162-00481485": "notorious Stanley Jail in May 1942 where", "joN227_OCKU-01771-00481485-00481760": "he was starved and brutalized when he", "joN227_OCKU-01772-00481762-00481956": "remained firm in his allegiance to the", "joN227_OCKU-01773-00481957-00482145": "British on his return to the prison", "joN227_OCKU-01774-00482146-00482370": "camps he was again incarcerated in", "joN227_OCKU-01775-00482371-00482583": "Stanley Jail where he was starved and", "joN227_OCKU-01776-00482584-00482856": "tortured for five months he was then", "joN227_OCKU-01777-00482857-00483063": "returned to the original camp where he", "joN227_OCKU-01778-00483064-00483218": "continued his allegiance to the British", "joN227_OCKU-01779-00483220-00483474": "and even helped to organize escape", "joN227_OCKU-01780-00483475-00483743": "attempts by other prisoners he was", "joN227_OCKU-01781-00483745-00483947": "sentenced to death with over 30 other", "joN227_OCKU-01782-00483949-00484214": "British Chinese and Indian prisoners and", "joN227_OCKU-01783-00484216-00484601": "beheaded on the 20th of October 1943", "joN227_OCKU-01784-00484602-00484878": "Sawadee toh ram central india horse", "joN227_OCKU-01785-00484879-00485078": "posthumous award", "joN227_OCKU-01786-00485079-00485337": "Sawadee to ram was posthumously awarded", "joN227_OCKU-01787-00485338-00485580": "the George Cross for his gallantry in", "joN227_OCKU-01788-00485581-00485832": "helping a wounded comrade on the 23rd of", "joN227_OCKU-01789-00485833-00486212": "July 1944 at Monte Cassino in Italy", "joN227_OCKU-01790-00486213-00486485": "leftenant Colonel Mahmud Khan Durrani", "joN227_OCKU-01791-00486487-00486774": "first Bahawalpur infantry Indian state", "joN227_OCKU-01792-00486775-00487118": "forces at the time of his capture he was", "joN227_OCKU-01793-00487120-00487271": "attached to the first Bahawalpur", "joN227_OCKU-01794-00487272-00487535": "infantry of the Indian state forces", "joN227_OCKU-01795-00487535-00487905": "during the retreat in Malaya in 1942 he", "joN227_OCKU-01796-00487906-00488154": "in small party of soldiers managed to", "joN227_OCKU-01797-00488155-00488343": "evade capture for three months before", "joN227_OCKU-01798-00488343-00488535": "their location was betrayed to the", "joN227_OCKU-01799-00488535-00488763": "Japanese sponsored Indian nationalist", "joN227_OCKU-01800-00488764-00489066": "army he refused to cooperate with the", "joN227_OCKU-01801-00489067-00489258": "ena and work to counter their attempts", "joN227_OCKU-01802-00489259-00489538": "to infiltrate agents into India", "joN227_OCKU-01803-00489539-00489805": "in May 1944 he was arrested and", "joN227_OCKU-01804-00489806-00490027": "systematically starved and tortured by", "joN227_OCKU-01805-00490028-00490255": "the Japanese but refused to betray his", "joN227_OCKU-01806-00490256-00490555": "comrades he was then handed over by the", "joN227_OCKU-01807-00490556-00490785": "Japanese to the ena where he was again", "joN227_OCKU-01808-00490787-00490974": "brutally tortured and at one point", "joN227_OCKU-01809-00490975-00491278": "sentenced to death he stood firm", "joN227_OCKU-01810-00491279-00491629": "throughout his ordeal LAN snake Islam", "joN227_OCKU-01811-00491630-00491881": "ud-din ninth chart regiment posthumous", "joN227_OCKU-01812-00491882-00492349": "award the 12th of April 1945 in piled", "joN227_OCKU-01813-00492350-00492607": "way central Burma when he sacrificed his", "joN227_OCKU-01814-00492608-00492780": "own life to save others", "joN227_OCKU-01815-00492781-00493099": "Nate Kerr / am 13th frontier force", "joN227_OCKU-01816-00493100-00493453": "rifles posthumous award during a field", "joN227_OCKU-01817-00493454-00493693": "firing exercise at a rest camp in", "joN227_OCKU-01818-00493693-00493947": "Bangalore a rifle grenade misfired and", "joN227_OCKU-01819-00493949-00494149": "fell only eight yards from his section", "joN227_OCKU-01820-00494150-00494452": "the 28 year old soldier rushed forward", "joN227_OCKU-01821-00494453-00494674": "shouting at the men to take cover and", "joN227_OCKU-01822-00494675-00494885": "attempted to throw it to a safe distance", "joN227_OCKU-01823-00494887-00495199": "it exploded in his hand wounding him", "joN227_OCKU-01824-00495200-00495457": "fatally but his self-sacrifice saved his", "joN227_OCKU-01825-00495458-00495820": "comrades from harm havildar Abdul Rahman", "joN227_OCKU-01826-00495821-00496222": "9th chart regiment posthumous award he", "joN227_OCKU-01827-00496222-00496399": "was awarded the decoration for the", "joN227_OCKU-01828-00496400-00496618": "gallantry he showed in attempting an air", "joN227_OCKU-01829-00496618-00496870": "crash rescue on the 22nd of February", "joN227_OCKU-01830-00496871-00497160": "1945 in Patek in Java", "joN227_OCKU-01831-00497160-00497470": "leftenant Subramanian Queen Victoria's", "joN227_OCKU-01832-00497471-00497683": "own Madras sappers and miners posthumous", "joN227_OCKU-01833-00497684-00498046": "award sacrificed his own life on the", "joN227_OCKU-01834-00498047-00498367": "24th of June 1944 by throwing himself", "joN227_OCKU-01835-00498368-00498601": "over a mine to protect others from the", "joN227_OCKU-01836-00498602-00499168": "blast", "joN227_OCKU-01837-00499168-00499710": "topic aftermath", "joN227_OCKU-01838-00499711-00500032": "world war ii cost the lives of over 87", "joN227_OCKU-01839-00500033-00500260": "thousand soldiers air crews and Mariners", "joN227_OCKU-01840-00500260-00500407": "from the Indian Empire", "joN227_OCKU-01841-00500408-00500616": "this included twenty four thousand three", "joN227_OCKU-01842-00500617-00501004": "hundred and thirty-eight killed in 11754", "joN227_OCKU-01843-00501005-00501270": "missing in action the overwhelming", "joN227_OCKU-01844-00501271-00501489": "majority being members of the Indian", "joN227_OCKU-01845-00501490-00501741": "Army another thirty four thousand three", "joN227_OCKU-01846-00501742-00501958": "hundred and fifty-four more were wounded", "joN227_OCKU-01847-00501959-00502135": "of the seventy nine thousand four", "joN227_OCKU-01848-00502135-00502345": "hundred and eighty nine Indian personnel", "joN227_OCKU-01849-00502346-00502566": "who become prisoners of war german", "joN227_OCKU-01850-00502567-00502876": "and/or italian forces held 15,000 to", "joN227_OCKU-01851-00502877-00503316": "17,000 between 2,500 and four thousand", "joN227_OCKU-01852-00503317-00503404": "of these pals", "joN227_OCKU-01853-00503405-00503616": "subsequently enlisted in the italian", "joN227_OCKU-01854-00503617-00503851": "battalion e Azad Hindustan and all", "joN227_OCKU-01855-00503852-00504033": "German industry Legion with the", "joN227_OCKU-01856-00504034-00504318": "intention of fighting the Allies more", "joN227_OCKU-01857-00504319-00504505": "than forty thousand Indian powers", "joN227_OCKU-01858-00504506-00504781": "captured by Japanese forces volunteered", "joN227_OCKU-01859-00504782-00504987": "for the pro-japanese Indian National", "joN227_OCKU-01860-00504988-00505222": "Army ena which fought the Allies in", "joN227_OCKU-01861-00505222-00505531": "Burma in northeast India out of sixty", "joN227_OCKU-01862-00505532-00505753": "thousand Indian powers taken at the fall", "joN227_OCKU-01863-00505754-00505987": "of Singapore eleven thousand died in", "joN227_OCKU-01864-00505988-00506220": "Japanese camps from disease malnutrition", "joN227_OCKU-01865-00506221-00506524": "physical abuse or overwork many of these", "joN227_OCKU-01866-00506525-00506733": "had been transported to New Guinea or", "joN227_OCKU-01867-00506734-00506956": "the Solomon Islands where they were used", "joN227_OCKU-01868-00506957-00507316": "as forced labour by Japanese forces in", "joN227_OCKU-01869-00507317-00507639": "late 1943 when Italy capitulated to the", "joN227_OCKU-01870-00507640-00507862": "Allies Indians were among tens of", "joN227_OCKU-01871-00507863-00508075": "thousands of Allied powers who escaped", "joN227_OCKU-01872-00508076-00508320": "from or were liberated from POW camps", "joN227_OCKU-01873-00508321-00508864": "during 1943 and 1944 128 Indian powers", "joN227_OCKU-01874-00508864-00509080": "were repatriated from Germany in", "joN227_OCKU-01875-00509081-00509428": "prisoner exchanges more than 200 Indian", "joN227_OCKU-01876-00509429-00509712": "powers died in captivity in Europe by", "joN227_OCKU-01877-00509713-00510214": "the 30th of April 1945 only 8950 Indian", "joN227_OCKU-01878-00510214-00510430": "prisoners of war remained in German", "joN227_OCKU-01879-00510431-00510747": "camps the German industry Legion saw", "joN227_OCKU-01880-00510748-00510976": "little front-line action suffered few", "joN227_OCKU-01881-00510977-00511195": "casualties and many of its recruits were", "joN227_OCKU-01882-00511196-00511606": "returned to POW camps in July 1945 the", "joN227_OCKU-01883-00511607-00511780": "British government reported that at", "joN227_OCKU-01884-00511781-00512097": "least 1045 members of the Legion had", "joN227_OCKU-01885-00512098-00512329": "already been repatriated to India or", "joN227_OCKU-01886-00512330-00512514": "were being held for questioning in the", "joN227_OCKU-01887-00512515-00512818": "UK while about 700 remained at large in", "joN227_OCKU-01888-00512818-00512872": "Europe", "joN227_OCKU-01889-00512872-00513084": "conversely 2006", "joN227_OCKU-01890-00513085-00513321": "and 15 of the pals recruited by the ena", "joN227_OCKU-01891-00513322-00513534": "were killed in action against the Allies", "joN227_OCKU-01892-00513535-00513807": "or missing World War 2 was the last time", "joN227_OCKU-01893-00513808-00514029": "the Indian Army fought as part of the", "joN227_OCKU-01894-00514030-00514197": "British military apparatus as", "joN227_OCKU-01895-00514198-00514448": "independence and partition followed in", "joN227_OCKU-01896-00514449-00514879": "1947 on the 3rd of June 1947 the British", "joN227_OCKU-01897-00514880-00515085": "government announced the plan for the", "joN227_OCKU-01898-00515086-00515286": "partition of the subcontinent between", "joN227_OCKU-01899-00515287-00515625": "India and Pakistan on the 30th of June", "joN227_OCKU-01900-00515626-00515907": "1947 the procedure for the division of", "joN227_OCKU-01901-00515908-00516202": "the Armed Forces was agreed upon after", "joN227_OCKU-01902-00516203-00516432": "partition the British Indian Army was", "joN227_OCKU-01903-00516433-00516693": "divided between the new Indian Army and", "joN227_OCKU-01904-00516694-00517027": "the Pakistan Army Field Marshal Cawdor", "joN227_OCKU-01905-00517028-00517272": "connect then commander-in-chief India", "joN227_OCKU-01906-00517273-00517485": "was appointed Supreme Commander to", "joN227_OCKU-01907-00517486-00517719": "ensure smooth division of units stalls", "joN227_OCKU-01908-00517720-00518040": "and so on it was announced on the 1st of", "joN227_OCKU-01909-00518041-00518331": "July in 1947 that both countries would", "joN227_OCKU-01910-00518332-00518511": "have operational control of their", "joN227_OCKU-01911-00518512-00518766": "respective Armed Forces by the 15th of", "joN227_OCKU-01912-00518767-00519450": "August 1947", "joN227_OCKU-01913-00519451-00519996": "topic see also", "joN227_OCKU-01914-00519997-00520322": "list of Indian divisions in world war ii", "joN227_OCKU-01915-00520323-00520627": "list of british empire divisions in the", "joN227_OCKU-01916-00520628-00520960": "second world war military history of the", "joN227_OCKU-01917-00520960-00521139": "british commonwealth in the Second World", "joN227_OCKU-01918-00521140-00521243": "War", "joN227_OCKU-01919-00521244-00521666": "Indian National Army Indian Legion", "joN227_OCKU-01920-00521667-00522045": "equals equals notes"}}]