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+[{"audio_id": "alN6rR6CLXy", "text": {"alN6rR6CLXy-00000-00000502-00002367": "Aatish fisha’n brining heat bari der se mushkil kushan saath mere koi bhirray na is", "alN6rR6CLXy-00001-00002367-00002616": "sher se", "alN6rR6CLXy-00002-00002616-00003008": "Jurra hua sheher ki awaaz se Mein nai jurra kisi bhi jamaat se", "alN6rR6CLXy-00003-00003008-00003371": "sheher se insaaf kaise maangu mere sheher ko insaaf nahi mila mere saamne", "alN6rR6CLXy-00004-00003371-00003610": "haqdaar he nahi ye ikhtayaar ke", "alN6rR6CLXy-00005-00003610-00004015": "ye sheher bara hua binna baap ke sab noch khayein kaun iska sadqain", "alN6rR6CLXy-00006-00004015-00004307": "nasha milay asaani se mushkil milay parking, huh", "alN6rR6CLXy-00007-00004307-00004643": "It’s funny but it’s true Kabhi chao’n kabhi dhoop", "alN6rR6CLXy-00008-00004643-00005127": "Kabhi khoon jam jaye, kabhi bahay tou rukay he na socha tou karo", "alN6rR6CLXy-00009-00005127-00005500": "paray fire over cell phones, zindagi ki qeemat ye", "alN6rR6CLXy-00010-00005500-00006059": "Rozi roti ke liye jo niklay wo jaan le ke yahan zindagi ganeemat hai", "alN6rR6CLXy-00011-00006059-00006703": "System ye fucked i say fuck the system Chaukidaar chor, hukumuraan chor, beyopaari", "alN6rR6CLXy-00012-00006703-00006803": "ministers", "alN6rR6CLXy-00013-00006803-00007133": "bureaucracy saaray faceless Inke plans saaray baseless", "alN6rR6CLXy-00014-00007133-00007382": "policies saari naakis", "alN6rR6CLXy-00015-00007382-00007922": "jhoot boltay hain i can see it on their faces lot of lines crossed", "alN6rR6CLXy-00016-00007922-00008114": "lot of lives lost", "alN6rR6CLXy-00017-00008114-00008486": "Maula madad kar this shit is ticking like a time bomb", "alN6rR6CLXy-00018-00008486-00008656": "Is there peace ya phir aik jang aur?", "alN6rR6CLXy-00019-00008656-00008857": "kya jeenay ka hai aik dhang aur", "alN6rR6CLXy-00020-00008857-00009315": "Mere jhanday mein hai harra aur safaid tumhein dikhta hai kyun is mein aik rang aur?", "alN6rR6CLXy-00021-00009315-00009518": "bharay aewaan mein hai aik gham khuaar,", "alN6rR6CLXy-00022-00009518-00009818": "yahan banay khandaan thekaydaar Yahan chor ke muhafiz soobedaar", "alN6rR6CLXy-00023-00009818-00009940": "Yahan lagay nai kya laasho’n ka ambaar pehle?", "alN6rR6CLXy-00024-00009940-00010118": "yahan giri nai kya gharo ki deewar pehle?", "alN6rR6CLXy-00025-00010118-00010646": "yahan maray nai kya loug bemaut kyun ye loug bekhauf apne rab ke azaab se", "alN6rR6CLXy-00026-00010646-00011067": "Zarurat leke aye kaise mor pe Mustaheq ki kamar kaise tor de", "alN6rR6CLXy-00027-00011067-00011347": "bol maa ke pait se wo chor thay?", "alN6rR6CLXy-00028-00011347-00015535": "Ab haath mein hai aslah aur ghar mein faaqa wo mauqa vardaat ka nai chortay"}}, {"audio_id": "alOfJtMPRgQ", "text": {"alOfJtMPRgQ-00000-00000000-00000144": "Roll Ball Association: Video Number -05 Author: Barry Wu Host: Fuhrer", "alOfJtMPRgQ-00001-00000144-00000276": "Roll Ball Games S-01E05 Game Playing: Ballance", "alOfJtMPRgQ-00002-00000276-00000640": "This time I used 3dsmax 2010 to make a custom level", "alOfJtMPRgQ-00003-00000640-00000840": "It can export level conveniently", "alOfJtMPRgQ-00004-00000872-00001152": "This level is only a demo maze sector", "alOfJtMPRgQ-00005-00001304-00001532": "Something is wrong with fan's texture", "alOfJtMPRgQ-00006-00002432-00002564": "Wrong way!", "alOfJtMPRgQ-00007-00003068-00003456": "Let's see if I can take evey item in my own level", "alOfJtMPRgQ-00008-00004232-00004512": "To take some atom it must use fan to fly", "alOfJtMPRgQ-00009-00004576-00004856": "But only paper ball can made it", "alOfJtMPRgQ-00010-00005836-00006044": "You can change paper ball here only", "alOfJtMPRgQ-00011-00006096-00006300": "Taking the life on the right isn't easy", "alOfJtMPRgQ-00012-00007887-00008340": "Here was a wooden ball so push it before changing into a paper ball", "alOfJtMPRgQ-00013-00008861-00009065": "Finally we can eat extra life", "alOfJtMPRgQ-00014-00009252-00009571": "You can eat this atom right after changing paper  ball", "alOfJtMPRgQ-00015-00009919-00010279": "It's over, though the level is small, it's a big step of mastering 3dsmax"}}, {"audio_id": "alU5tK1Xt-M", "text": {"alU5tK1Xt-M-00000-00000500-00000640": "\"Cycle\"", "alU5tK1Xt-M-00001-00001250-00001300": "Arghh, I'm late", "alU5tK1Xt-M-00002-00002650-00002750": "Going to work?", "alU5tK1Xt-M-00003-00002780-00002880": "Yeah, See you later!", "alU5tK1Xt-M-00004-00002900-00002980": "Allright", "alU5tK1Xt-M-00005-00004600-00004800": "What time is it?", "alU5tK1Xt-M-00006-00004900-00005100": "Sorry sir, i've got traffic jam", "alU5tK1Xt-M-00007-00005280-00005580": "We have an important client and big tender", "alU5tK1Xt-M-00008-00005700-00005900": "And you didn't come, because of late?", "alU5tK1Xt-M-00009-00006000-00006100": "Stupid!", "alU5tK1Xt-M-00010-00006400-00006500": "This is more task for you", "alU5tK1Xt-M-00011-00006500-00006600": "Tomorrow you must finish it", "alU5tK1Xt-M-00012-00006650-00006770": "But, sir", "alU5tK1Xt-M-00013-00006800-00006900": "TOMORROW!", "alU5tK1Xt-M-00014-00007200-00007450": "Honey, I want to tell you what happened today", "alU5tK1Xt-M-00015-00007600-00007750": "Okay", "alU5tK1Xt-M-00016-00008900-00009000": "Honey, stay with me. Honey", "alU5tK1Xt-M-00017-00009300-00009400": "Honey, please... Don't... Honey...", "alU5tK1Xt-M-00018-00009600-00009700": "Somebody Help!!", "alU5tK1Xt-M-00019-00010600-00010750": "STUPID!", "alU5tK1Xt-M-00020-00011050-00011160": "Tomorrow you must finished it!", "alU5tK1Xt-M-00021-00011450-00011550": "Somebody Help!!", "alU5tK1Xt-M-00022-00011830-00012020": "You can turn back the time", "alU5tK1Xt-M-00023-00012050-00012280": "This coin is the answer for all your problem", "alU5tK1Xt-M-00024-00012300-00012800": "Flip this coin, is head, you can turn back the time", "alU5tK1Xt-M-00025-00012850-00013080": "You only can try it once", "alU5tK1Xt-M-00026-00013100-00013250": "Good Luck!", "alU5tK1Xt-M-00027-00016550-00016650": "Going to work?", "alU5tK1Xt-M-00028-00016680-00016780": "Yeah, See you later!", "alU5tK1Xt-M-00029-00016800-00016880": "Allright!", "alU5tK1Xt-M-00030-00017760-00017900": "Go to Binakarya Street", "alU5tK1Xt-M-00031-00018000-00018100": "Hurry Up!", "alU5tK1Xt-M-00032-00018160-00018220": "Yeah, lets go!", "alU5tK1Xt-M-00033-00021250-00021420": "Honey..", "alU5tK1Xt-M-00034-00021580-00021700": "Yeah, what's up?", "alU5tK1Xt-M-00035-00022000-00022100": "Hallo", "alU5tK1Xt-M-00036-00022110-00022160": "Hallo", "alU5tK1Xt-M-00037-00022180-00022280": "Honey, where are you??", "alU5tK1Xt-M-00038-00022290-00022370": "At home, what happened?", "alU5tK1Xt-M-00039-00022380-00022700": "Stay at home, I'll go pick you up now!", "alU5tK1Xt-M-00040-00022750-00023000": "Stay at home, I'll go pick you up now!", "alU5tK1Xt-M-00041-00023100-00023500": "I... I don't know, what I must tell to you", "alU5tK1Xt-M-00042-00023550-00024000": "But.. I want... You to keep this coin, for me...", "alU5tK1Xt-M-00043-00024040-00024200": "This coin has save your life", "alU5tK1Xt-M-00044-00024780-00024950": "Honey, I think my cellphone left behind", "alU5tK1Xt-M-00045-00025000-00025180": "I wanna take it, please wait honey...", "alU5tK1Xt-M-00046-00025500-00025700": "Where is she?", "alU5tK1Xt-M-00047-00026100-00026300": "Why she's taking so long just to pick her cellphone....", "alU5tK1Xt-M-00048-00028050-00028300": "Even if you can turn back the time", "alU5tK1Xt-M-00049-00028310-00028560": "But you can't run away from the death"}}, {"audio_id": "amHvZobAg48", "text": {"amHvZobAg48-00000-00000000-00000200": "SUCCESSFUL LIFESTYLE YOU WANTED"}}, {"audio_id": "an0TCETxDUo", "text": {"an0TCETxDUo-00000-00002650-00003070": ">> We know many communities across the country are struggling financially,", "an0TCETxDUo-00001-00003070-00003479": "and some have decided this year to cancel their local fireworks shows.", "an0TCETxDUo-00002-00003479-00003942": "For those who experience fireworks in their back yard instead of the local fairground", "an0TCETxDUo-00003-00003942-00004213": "or schools, our message is clear.", "an0TCETxDUo-00004-00004213-00004781": "Never ever allow children to play with, or be around them unsupervised.", "an0TCETxDUo-00005-00004781-00005278": "And adults should always use caution when setting fireworks off.", "an0TCETxDUo-00006-00005278-00005883": "The message is so important today, because seventy percent", "an0TCETxDUo-00007-00005883-00006581": "of all fireworks-related injuries occur between June the twentieth and July the twentieth.", "an0TCETxDUo-00008-00006581-00007193": "I encourage everyone to put safety first, and follow the laws of your state, city,", "an0TCETxDUo-00009-00007193-00007463": "or county in the purchase and use of fireworks.", "an0TCETxDUo-00010-00007463-00008117": "This year the CPSC is pleased to report there has been a decline", "an0TCETxDUo-00011-00008117-00008434": "in fireworks-related deaths and injuries.", "an0TCETxDUo-00012-00008434-00008754": "Our new report which is being released today shows", "an0TCETxDUo-00013-00008754-00009437": "that there were eleven reported fatalities in 2007, and only seven in 2008.", "an0TCETxDUo-00014-00009437-00010144": "There were nearly ten thousand injuries in 2007, and an estimated seven thousand in 2008.", "an0TCETxDUo-00015-00010144-00010548": "This is good news, but we want the numbers to continue to go down.", "an0TCETxDUo-00016-00010548-00010951": "So we're here today to urge families to celebrate with safety.", "an0TCETxDUo-00017-00010951-00025212": "[ silence ]", "an0TCETxDUo-00018-00025212-00025321": ">> Okay, away from the tree this time.", "an0TCETxDUo-00019-00025321-00025451": "Let's try away from the tree.", "an0TCETxDUo-00020-00025451-00026637": "[ inaudible group talking ]", "an0TCETxDUo-00021-00026637-00027335": ">> I got a little carried away, mm-hmm.", "an0TCETxDUo-00022-00027335-00027551": ">> Okay, sit down.", "an0TCETxDUo-00023-00027551-00028647": "[ inaudible group talking ]", "an0TCETxDUo-00024-00028647-00028676": ">> Whoa.", "an0TCETxDUo-00025-00028676-00029051": ">> No way.", "an0TCETxDUo-00026-00029051-00030501": "[ fireworks popping ]", "an0TCETxDUo-00027-00030501-00031651": "[ silence ]", "an0TCETxDUo-00028-00031651-00033412": "[ fireworks popping ]", "an0TCETxDUo-00029-00033412-00033533": ">> Is that your favorite so far?", "an0TCETxDUo-00030-00033533-00033651": "Which one's your favorite?", "an0TCETxDUo-00031-00033651-00035725": "[ silence ]", "an0TCETxDUo-00032-00035725-00036193": ">> Welcome to a new day for the United States Consumer Product Safety Commission,", "an0TCETxDUo-00033-00036193-00036751": "and the start of our renewed commitment to protecting the safety of families and children.", "an0TCETxDUo-00034-00036751-00043301": "[ inaudible group talking ]", "an0TCETxDUo-00035-00043301-00046543": "[ foreign language ]"}}, {"audio_id": "an9_8sTLJGk", "text": {"an9_8sTLJGk-00000-00000000-00004190": "🌟 🇺🇸 Children's Monkey Costume — Shop GrandStart.ru 🌟"}}, {"audio_id": "an9_TE7FGvY", "text": {"an9_TE7FGvY-00000-00000310-00000570": "If there are errors in the subtitles, please put in comments! :-)", "an9_TE7FGvY-00001-00001028-00001536": "Today I have the management of acne and millet extrusion", "an9_TE7FGvY-00002-00004492-00004954": "I'll show you a photo of the current Dermatology Acne Skin Previous", "an9_TE7FGvY-00003-00005024-00005180": "My skin is much better than before", "an9_TE7FGvY-00004-00005412-00005964": "Because millet acne overall, an extrusion in the face when you receive", "an9_TE7FGvY-00005-00006074-00006274": "Skin ended up not really good", "an9_TE7FGvY-00006-00006978-00007254": "I will explain the reasons for the extrusion acne", "an9_TE7FGvY-00007-00007286-00007788": "When acne millet grains in them all come out, the need to pull the sebum grains", "an9_TE7FGvY-00008-00007834-00008594": "Is this really something that is good for the administration to avoid writing some good cosmetics to sit and take in the fact early", "an9_TE7FGvY-00009-00008594-00008960": "But if millet pimple is formed, it has a only pressing out way", "an9_TE7FGvY-00010-00009504-00009914": "When pimple is coming up, it has sebum and inflammation", "an9_TE7FGvY-00011-00009914-00010502": "If you press the infection, the infection might burst inside the skin", "an9_TE7FGvY-00012-00010578-00010728": "Then it became bigger", "an9_TE7FGvY-00013-00011030-00011230": "But what I'm telling you today that pierce the skin", "an9_TE7FGvY-00014-00011488-00011856": "The acne inflammation can come out through the hole", "an9_TE7FGvY-00015-00012022-00012442": "So Please make sure the holes with a needle and press when milking acne", "an9_TE7FGvY-00016-00012496-00013082": "So let's learn about the necessary preparations and how to milking", "an9_TE7FGvY-00017-00013604-00013719": "We need an acne extruder", "an9_TE7FGvY-00018-00013719-00014250": "You usually press out acne with cottonswab or hand but I recommend that you buy an acne extruder", "an9_TE7FGvY-00019-00014250-00015180": "To talk about this product form ‘Kiss Me’, it has a pore cleansing brush in the front and has a sebum removing and squeezing device at the back", "an9_TE7FGvY-00020-00015216-00015416": "This is really good", "an9_TE7FGvY-00021-00015416-00015782": "The extruder depends on the type of acne", "an9_TE7FGvY-00022-00015810-00016026": "It’s very various", "an9_TE7FGvY-00023-00016234-00016924": "But I don’t purchase one by one, I use this one with unstudied ease", "an9_TE7FGvY-00024-00017082-00017326": "Obstinately you do not purchase many things", "an9_TE7FGvY-00025-00018778-00018978": "This is disposable alcohol swab", "an9_TE7FGvY-00026-00019186-00019418": "There are so packed as individual", "an9_TE7FGvY-00027-00019452-00019580": "It's buried alcohol swabs", "an9_TE7FGvY-00028-00019594-00020460": "I use it often for disinfection purposes. It is very convenient to squeeze out the pimple if you have one at time", "an9_TE7FGvY-00029-00020460-00021120": "Next important thing is, just like I said before, when squeezing out the pimple, you have to make a hole first before you use it", "an9_TE7FGvY-00030-00021210-00021314": "I keep the needle like this", "an9_TE7FGvY-00031-00021334-00021554": "You can purchase in the drugstore", "an9_TE7FGvY-00032-00022752-00022964": "It's so clean, disposable needles", "an9_TE7FGvY-00033-00023092-00023568": "Because needle is very thin and easy to use hand when Acne Extrusion", "an9_TE7FGvY-00034-00023672-00023872": "I will then inform you of acne extrusion method", "an9_TE7FGvY-00035-00023938-00024362": "First you have to open a pore before you press out pimple", "an9_TE7FGvY-00036-00024514-00024932": "Wash up your face with warm water such as how to Nose Pack", "an9_TE7FGvY-00037-00024932-00025942": "I use the liquid which smoothens the pores, but those of you who don’t have one of those can use a warm ward of cotton to open up the pores", "an9_TE7FGvY-00038-00025989-00026189": "After open the pore let’s press out acne together", "an9_TE7FGvY-00039-00026368-00026706": "Please disinfect the acne section with alcohol swab", "an9_TE7FGvY-00040-00026706-00027130": "You push the acne at a right angle with needle", "an9_TE7FGvY-00041-00027168-00027908": "Using the extruder and pushing the sebum make the sebum come out", "an9_TE7FGvY-00042-00027920-00028606": "However if sebum comes out insufficient, it can be formed inflammation so perfectly pressing out is very important", "an9_TE7FGvY-00043-00028606-00029442": "Please don’t rub face entirely with cotton. Only lightly rubbed extruded parts and make disinfected once more inflammation", "an9_TE7FGvY-00044-00029552-00030566": "And!!! Now after management is really important!! If you don’t manage after press out the pimle maybe pimple is coming up again or making scar", "an9_TE7FGvY-00045-00031010-00031227": "First product is blemish source", "an9_TE7FGvY-00046-00031292-00032724": "Oily skinner feel the sebum is decrease certainly . After press out the pimple if you cover this you feel harsh but it has ingredient kill the pimple virus so you can feel the effect", "an9_TE7FGvY-00047-00032822-00033526": "And I'm using it almost every day, yet you know I am suffering from millet acne. It’s very good at calm down", "an9_TE7FGvY-00048-00033538-00034390": "And also it has Abaha ingredient and tea tree ingredient so it can help keratin removal and calm down trouble", "an9_TE7FGvY-00049-00034438-00035104": "It’s like water. I use this when I wash the face with hand one time and next sprinkle", "an9_TE7FGvY-00050-00035112-00035788": "You can see that it kills the pimple virus and grabs the sebum and controls the sebum", "an9_TE7FGvY-00051-00035818-00036566": "You know calming effect is important so after pressing out I’m taking a pack surely when my skin is sharpness", "an9_TE7FGvY-00052-00037116-00037504": "It’s cheap and also it can make use of multi", "an9_TE7FGvY-00053-00037576-00038894": "Actually you’ll feel inconvenience when you use this . That’s why it is powder but you can mix all products", "an9_TE7FGvY-00054-00038904-00039244": "It can make the every cosmetics acne cosmetics", "an9_TE7FGvY-00055-00039614-00040516": "So I may well be putting together a rash after using this're out a lot of gangrene", "an9_TE7FGvY-00056-00040516-00040986": "So it can heal quickly and decrease the pimple scar", "an9_TE7FGvY-00057-00042516-00042792": "The next day the face can be seen that light up", "an9_TE7FGvY-00058-00044886-00045086": "Then I’ll explain you how to modeling pack", "an9_TE7FGvY-00059-00045234-00045574": "The product is doctor miu herb modeling mask blue", "an9_TE7FGvY-00060-00045608-00046154": "It has herb ingredient so very excellent at pimple skin", "an9_TE7FGvY-00061-00046154-00046786": "First cover the good cosmetic acne or ample and let in centella pouder", "an9_TE7FGvY-00062-00046786-00047372": "Put the modeling pack with doctor miu together", "an9_TE7FGvY-00063-00047408-00047608": "Put the water suitable", "an9_TE7FGvY-00064-00047636-00048536": "Because it increases the cosmetics absorption force so if you worry about the skin-brightening After cover the vitamin ample and cover the modeling pack also when you have trouble", "an9_TE7FGvY-00065-00048536-00049064": "You can see herb in this", "an9_TE7FGvY-00066-00049212-00049470": "It’s real cool and also has shrink pore effect", "an9_TE7FGvY-00067-00049490-00049942": "I’m taking modeling pack moistly with a lot of water", "an9_TE7FGvY-00068-00049942-00050764": "I think its more moisturizing when you take it off when hardens after about 10 minutes, rather than taking it off when it hardens until its white.", "an9_TE7FGvY-00069-00050944-00051678": "After mask pack then if you go to skincare routine, you can see how to make recycling cream I was told you", "an9_TE7FGvY-00070-00052920-00054146": "If you manage so hard you may feel millet acne is better. But be careful if you press out too often you have big scar on the face", "an9_TE7FGvY-00071-00054152-00054484": "I’ll come back with another skincare again next week", "an9_TE7FGvY-00072-00054726-00055558": "If you send me comment or mail when you have the source of trouble anytime, I’ll refer them and I’ll show them in video", "an9_TE7FGvY-00073-00055558-00055814": "Thank you for watching video. see you next time. Byebye! :)", "an9_TE7FGvY-00074-00057948-00058220": "Thank you for watching video. see you next time. Byebye! :)"}}, {"audio_id": "an_FHoSPg08", "text": {"an_FHoSPg08-00000-00001168-00001312": "There's a ghost now?", "an_FHoSPg08-00001-00001382-00001596": "To be fair, DC Comics always had some supernatural parts.", "an_FHoSPg08-00002-00001688-00001946": "Well, here it's a very realistic show, so...", "an_FHoSPg08-00003-00005230-00005372": "Ah, he wasn't dead.", "an_FHoSPg08-00004-00005790-00006322": "Anyway, Zatana is the proof that Batman is mixed with magic business.", "an_FHoSPg08-00005-00006484-00006625": "Something Superman doesn't do.", "an_FHoSPg08-00006-00006626-00006800": "Because magic is his real weakness.", "an_FHoSPg08-00007-00006923-00007081": "We'll talk of Suicide Squad later on.", "an_FHoSPg08-00008-00007754-00008068": "Aaaaw, it's so cute.... Alfred worries.", "an_FHoSPg08-00009-00008072-00008270": "In any case, the two shots are really beautiful!", "an_FHoSPg08-00010-00008330-00008630": "There, that's the Alfred I like to see!", "an_FHoSPg08-00011-00009220-00009440": "A new reference to \"Alfred you're not my dad\".", "an_FHoSPg08-00012-00009560-00009752": "It... It was still a bit hardcore what he said.", "an_FHoSPg08-00013-00012304-00012358": "It's weird as hell.", "an_FHoSPg08-00014-00012358-00012440": "That slip...", "an_FHoSPg08-00015-00013885-00014228": "There totally following the narrative arc of...", "an_FHoSPg08-00016-00014236-00014647": "Of the animated show. Which is not a bad thing because it was a rather good backstory.", "an_FHoSPg08-00017-00014988-00015121": "By the way, while we're at it,", "an_FHoSPg08-00018-00015121-00015447": "I'm okay with Nigma being a bit intrusive, invasive", "an_FHoSPg08-00019-00015447-00015625": "a bit special, etc...", "an_FHoSPg08-00020-00015663-00015897": "I find her pretty aggressive too, that girl!", "an_FHoSPg08-00021-00023880-00024116": "Well I have the feeling we won't be seeing the mob much in this episode", "an_FHoSPg08-00022-00024492-00024662": "Well we did see them a lot of time already", "an_FHoSPg08-00023-00026189-00026314": "He's gonna get her.", "an_FHoSPg08-00024-00026314-00026433": "Well there's some people around her.", "an_FHoSPg08-00025-00027254-00027377": "She's gonna get caught!", "an_FHoSPg08-00026-00027848-00028088": "Always turn on the light. Always!", "an_FHoSPg08-00027-00028088-00028239": "And for now we're still focusing on female victims", "an_FHoSPg08-00028-00028266-00028326": "Indeed.", "an_FHoSPg08-00029-00028789-00029004": "Kinda looks like a Cluedo of sorts", "an_FHoSPg08-00030-00029202-00029348": "It's true it would go well for a Cluedo.", "an_FHoSPg08-00031-00030137-00030237": "SANDWICH!", "an_FHoSPg08-00032-00030889-00031033": "Wait, you can see her still!", "an_FHoSPg08-00033-00031033-00031188": "You can see her. TURN YOUR HEAD!", "an_FHoSPg08-00034-00031202-00031352": "But... TURN YOUR FUCKING HEAD!", "an_FHoSPg08-00035-00031733-00032038": "Now, they're not only deaf, they don't have peripheral vision!", "an_FHoSPg08-00036-00032132-00032272": "The people of Gotham are special", "an_FHoSPg08-00037-00032272-00032686": "And its black heels on a wood coloured ground, you see it !", "an_FHoSPg08-00038-00032858-00033055": "Dead ? You mean in two seconds like that ?", "an_FHoSPg08-00039-00033506-00033744": "Wait he killed the... he killed the maid ?", "an_FHoSPg08-00040-00033744-00033798": "Yes.", "an_FHoSPg08-00041-00035442-00035512": "YAY", "an_FHoSPg08-00042-00035574-00035724": "NIGMA!", "an_FHoSPg08-00043-00035764-00035880": "Team Nigma! OH FUCK!", "an_FHoSPg08-00044-00036126-00036546": "And we're gonna see Nigma arrive like that, BIM a big cane hit in the head of Montoya", "an_FHoSPg08-00045-00037016-00037066": "WHAT?", "an_FHoSPg08-00046-00037258-00037308": "WHAT?!!", "an_FHoSPg08-00047-00037892-00037942": "What...?", "an_FHoSPg08-00048-00040064-00040144": "A slap.", "an_FHoSPg08-00049-00040258-00040454": "A slap... A punch in the face.", "an_FHoSPg08-00050-00040500-00040550": "PLEASE", "an_FHoSPg08-00051-00040550-00040600": "But...", "an_FHoSPg08-00052-00040712-00040984": "Maybe the first positive thing she does in the show", "an_FHoSPg08-00053-00040984-00041286": "Is helping Barbara understand why Gordon can't talk to her and say the truth.", "an_FHoSPg08-00054-00041286-00041490": "I don't care! Punch in the face! Can't stand this any longer!", "an_FHoSPg08-00055-00041490-00041670": "But on the other hand, yes she's totally pissing Gordon off.", "an_FHoSPg08-00056-00041690-00041908": "You see the clenching move we talked about earlier?", "an_FHoSPg08-00057-00042938-00042988": "The mug.", "an_FHoSPg08-00058-00043036-00043166": "Ah. I didn't see. Why? What was it on it?", "an_FHoSPg08-00059-00043166-00043276": "A Question Mark.", "an_FHoSPg08-00060-00043432-00043482": "Indeed!", "an_FHoSPg08-00061-00043610-00043710": "Did he do that with a marker pen?", "an_FHoSPg08-00062-00043846-00044232": "Franly, I mean, when they'll see the Riddler, he won't be too much of a riddle...", "an_FHoSPg08-00063-00044350-00044490": "It's gonna be solved pretty fast.", "an_FHoSPg08-00064-00044548-00044928": "It may be... Honestly. If they want to kill Bullock. Can be just right there.", "an_FHoSPg08-00065-00045162-00045346": "If they want to kill Bullock, it could...", "an_FHoSPg08-00066-00045346-00045536": "For me, it would be right after.", "an_FHoSPg08-00067-00045712-00045836": "I'm not sure they will kill him...", "an_FHoSPg08-00068-00046054-00046416": "I think it could be... it could be a good moment to end him, you know?", "an_FHoSPg08-00069-00047052-00047152": "Kill him.", "an_FHoSPg08-00070-00047286-00047418": "Your gun. Where's your gun?", "an_FHoSPg08-00071-00047476-00047566": "It's in his hand.", "an_FHoSPg08-00072-00047644-00047714": "Then shoot.", "an_FHoSPg08-00073-00048060-00048410": "Since the beginning they have no problems killing everyone, so I don't see why it's become a problem now.", "an_FHoSPg08-00074-00048462-00048632": "Especially here, it's a real killer.", "an_FHoSPg08-00075-00048744-00048926": "So the guy revealed himself for what purpose really?", "an_FHoSPg08-00076-00048992-00049092": "To draw Bullock to him", "an_FHoSPg08-00077-00049122-00049172": "Yeah.", "an_FHoSPg08-00078-00049238-00049288": "It's true.", "an_FHoSPg08-00079-00049482-00049628": "Well they could really kill him there.", "an_FHoSPg08-00080-00049820-00050020": "That or kill him right after.", "an_FHoSPg08-00081-00050602-00050866": "Bullock! Bullock! Bullock! Wow...", "an_FHoSPg08-00082-00051004-00051058": "\"Not good\"", "an_FHoSPg08-00083-00051220-00051378": "Never panic when tangled on something like this", "an_FHoSPg08-00084-00053000-00053098": "Could break his mask here.", "an_FHoSPg08-00085-00053546-00053679": "Fuck... Gordon fights well!", "an_FHoSPg08-00086-00054279-00054367": "COME ON!", "an_FHoSPg08-00087-00054384-00054652": "Aaaaaw! Meeting between Catwoman and Bruce Wayne?!", "an_FHoSPg08-00088-00054979-00055044": "Hmm yeah...?", "an_FHoSPg08-00089-00055084-00055322": "You have to do weird noises like that Bruce?", "an_FHoSPg08-00090-00055467-00055674": "She's gonna steal from Bruce Wayne? She's serious?", "an_FHoSPg08-00091-00055720-00056017": "I think she came to take a picture of Bruce Wayne's head for her collection.", "an_FHoSPg08-00092-00056154-00056254": "Do what you gotta do.", "an_FHoSPg08-00093-00056266-00056472": "When you come to think she's gonna lose her virginity in the same place.", "an_FHoSPg08-00094-00056512-00056604": "some years later...", "an_FHoSPg08-00095-00056629-00056817": "Not exact... I dunno... The library?!", "an_FHoSPg08-00096-00057002-00057098": "Why not?!", "an_FHoSPg08-00097-00057098-00057284": "Ah fuck, Nixon's head is perfect!", "an_FHoSPg08-00098-00057446-00057762": "You know you see his face with the caption \"To the Future\" and you're like : \"nope...\"", "an_FHoSPg08-00099-00057934-00057996": "What the hell is this?", "an_FHoSPg08-00100-00058260-00058372": "Told you she was gonna steal from him.", "an_FHoSPg08-00101-00058390-00058762": "Yeah but what did she steal, because with everything shiny and golden lying around the place...", "an_FHoSPg08-00102-00058876-00059024": "Wow... How she's eating him up...", "an_FHoSPg08-00103-00059024-00059217": "That's right! You can feel that...", "an_FHoSPg08-00104-00059326-00059540": "She saying to herself : \"I'll remember\"", "an_FHoSPg08-00105-00059660-00059786": "It's pretty funny though", "an_FHoSPg08-00106-00059802-00060179": "It has a very funny looking side when you see the girl getting excited while watching the guy sleep", "an_FHoSPg08-00107-00060182-00060512": "it's kinda weird when it's the man who watches the woman but in the other way it's funny.", "an_FHoSPg08-00108-00061114-00061376": "I'm not sure he can do anything legal...", "an_FHoSPg08-00109-00061488-00061644": "Well technically yes... Run a bar.", "an_FHoSPg08-00110-00061712-00061762": "Yeah...", "an_FHoSPg08-00111-00061762-00061864": "The Iceberg Lounge. It's legal.", "an_FHoSPg08-00112-00061908-00062108": "But it works even better when you do bad stuff behind that", "an_FHoSPg08-00113-00062108-00062367": "But it works even better when you do illegal stuff in it!", "an_FHoSPg08-00114-00062440-00062540": "well illegal sorry.", "an_FHoSPg08-00115-00063417-00063479": "Exhibition?!", "an_FHoSPg08-00116-00065036-00065155": "Brainwashing...", "an_FHoSPg08-00117-00065708-00065804": "What's going on with his hand?", "an_FHoSPg08-00118-00066473-00066573": "His head is gonna explode!", "an_FHoSPg08-00119-00066726-00066894": "The psychiatrist... The doctor of the other guy!", "an_FHoSPg08-00120-00067286-00067408": "WHAT KIND OF AN EXPRESSION IS THAT?!", "an_FHoSPg08-00121-00067414-00067560": "HOLY GHOST ON A BICYCLE!", "an_FHoSPg08-00122-00067668-00068008": "Fuck, but it's really a huge bitch the secretary... I mean the doctor...", "an_FHoSPg08-00123-00068008-00068126": "SUPER BITCH!", "an_FHoSPg08-00124-00068684-00068776": "WHY DO THEY HAVE A WARRANT?!", "an_FHoSPg08-00125-00068978-00069088": "What did they say to get it ?!", "an_FHoSPg08-00126-00069088-00069264": "\"Yeah, we need to arrest that dude\" \"Why?\"", "an_FHoSPg08-00127-00069264-00069434": "\"Because an old drunken bum denounced him\"", "an_FHoSPg08-00128-00069714-00070008": "Don't worry you got powerful friends! You got Maroni, Falcone...", "an_FHoSPg08-00129-00070014-00070112": "AND Cobblepott!", "an_FHoSPg08-00130-00070154-00070204": "Fuck a duck!", "an_FHoSPg08-00131-00070816-00071026": "Goddamn it, and why is it THEM who do the arrest?", "an_FHoSPg08-00132-00071296-00071460": "Aaah. Hypnosis.", "an_FHoSPg08-00133-00072074-00072240": "I'm sure she worked in Arkham.", "an_FHoSPg08-00134-00078652-00078702": "\"YES!\"", "an_FHoSPg08-00135-00081608-00081880": "And there, the guy is hypnotized to do her bidding.", "an_FHoSPg08-00136-00083088-00083216": "So here it's bullshit!", "an_FHoSPg08-00137-00083254-00083572": "It's bullshit! I know how hypnosis works!", "an_FHoSPg08-00138-00083622-00083836": "And it doesn't work only with a sentence!", "an_FHoSPg08-00139-00083836-00084068": "You need... It's just not a sentence thrown away like that...", "an_FHoSPg08-00140-00084068-00084208": "You need to have...", "an_FHoSPg08-00141-00084208-00084306": "You need all the conditions with it.", "an_FHoSPg08-00142-00084326-00084468": "You need the hypnotic condition", "an_FHoSPg08-00143-00084470-00084816": "And the woman may be relaxed, the guy can still bash her head...", "an_FHoSPg08-00144-00084816-00085008": "And another thing... Another detail...", "an_FHoSPg08-00145-00085356-00085476": "BAM IN YOUR FACE", "an_FHoSPg08-00146-00085476-00085551": "IN YOUR FACE!", "an_FHoSPg08-00147-00085551-00085651": "Aaah you didn't planned this!", "an_FHoSPg08-00148-00085662-00085822": "Aaah YOU DIDN'T SEE THAT COMING YOU BITCH!!", "an_FHoSPg08-00149-00088698-00088907": "Wait they're doing this right in front of the commissioner?", "an_FHoSPg08-00150-00090210-00090316": "Hello, I'm alive!", "an_FHoSPg08-00151-00090668-00091094": "So now, I would like to see how much Montoya and Allen are going to eat dirt for this shit!", "an_FHoSPg08-00152-00091128-00091202": "OH YEAH!", "an_FHoSPg08-00153-00091244-00091526": "OH YEAH!!! OH LOOK AT MONTOYA'S FACE!!!", "an_FHoSPg08-00154-00091896-00092000": "AH YES!!", "an_FHoSPg08-00155-00092026-00092126": "AH YES!!", "an_FHoSPg08-00156-00092126-00092600": "Now Allen and Montoya you're either traffic agents or you're fired!", "an_FHoSPg08-00157-00092624-00093182": "Right now it's the END! Your promotion you can shove it way up your...", "an_FHoSPg08-00158-00093182-00093392": "NOW you're dead and burried!", "an_FHoSPg08-00159-00093410-00093554": "So please a round of applause for this", "an_FHoSPg08-00160-00093598-00093698": "Applause!", "an_FHoSPg08-00161-00093760-00094111": "I mean we had Bullock mentioning the shit it could become", "an_FHoSPg08-00162-00094112-00094680": "if someone heard that they shot a cop... an innocent I mean as a cop while the guy was trying to kill them.", "an_FHoSPg08-00163-00094728-00094914": "In this case, we have Montoya and Allen", "an_FHoSPg08-00164-00094952-00095222": "Who accused a cop of a crime he did not commit", "an_FHoSPg08-00165-00095222-00095312": "accused TWO cops", "an_FHoSPg08-00166-00095344-00095582": "Two cops yeah, of a crime they did not commit", "an_FHoSPg08-00167-00095588-00095888": "They pissed them off, they cuffed them", "an_FHoSPg08-00168-00095906-00096208": "In the middle of the GCPD right in front of everyone!", "an_FHoSPg08-00169-00096208-00096542": "And I can add to that, because I'm a fucking pain in the ass lawyer", "an_FHoSPg08-00170-00096542-00096610": "I can add to that,", "an_FHoSPg08-00171-00096610-00096898": "Sexual harrasment on the wife of...", "an_FHoSPg08-00172-00096898-00096978": "Totally!", "an_FHoSPg08-00173-00096978-00097142": "of Gordon. AND...!", "an_FHoSPg08-00174-00097168-00097552": "AND, breaking and entering in Gordon's appartment", "an_FHoSPg08-00175-00097552-00097824": "Yeah but this one I'm not sure Gordon is exactly aware of this", "an_FHoSPg08-00176-00097824-00097910": "Maybe but Barbara is!", "an_FHoSPg08-00177-00097910-00097996": "Yes, of course.", "an_FHoSPg08-00178-00097996-00098078": "AND THAT'S IT!", "an_FHoSPg08-00179-00098100-00098230": "TO JAIL MONTOYA!!", "an_FHoSPg08-00180-00098230-00098658": "To explain why we're so happy, it's just we couldn't stand this any longer... I mean it was HORRIBLE!", "an_FHoSPg08-00181-00098658-00098965": "That's right... Montoya and Allen were like...", "an_FHoSPg08-00182-00098966-00099286": "We're going to screw their lives up as much as we can... Except that they can't do that any more. And the two are going to get it.", "an_FHoSPg08-00183-00099286-00099686": "And they're going to get... Well okay, so Bullock and...", "an_FHoSPg08-00184-00099724-00099782": "and Gordon...", "an_FHoSPg08-00185-00099782-00099916": "Are going to have arguments?", "an_FHoSPg08-00186-00099916-00100292": "Yeah, but I don't think it's going to go that far. Because let's face it, what's the risk?", "an_FHoSPg08-00187-00100324-00100442": "What's the risk? I mean...", "an_FHoSPg08-00188-00100506-00100632": "Falcone is not aware of this so far.", "an_FHoSPg08-00189-00100632-00100740": "Okay, Cobblepott is alive...", "an_FHoSPg08-00190-00100740-00101088": "But if they keep it a secret between the GCPD and the MCU", "an_FHoSPg08-00191-00101088-00101214": "to provoke Falcone's fall.", "an_FHoSPg08-00192-00101264-00101556": "Hmm, there's no problem. And Bullock isn't going to get hit by someone.", "an_FHoSPg08-00193-00101556-00101656": "Yup that's right.", "an_FHoSPg08-00194-00101660-00101894": "But... Oh my God it feels so good!", "an_FHoSPg08-00195-00101900-00102000": "Feels wonderful!", "an_FHoSPg08-00196-00102070-00102154": "Feels awesome!", "an_FHoSPg08-00197-00102216-00102408": "I'm really happy. I'm delighted!", "an_FHoSPg08-00198-00102422-00102472": "I mean...", "an_FHoSPg08-00199-00102472-00103078": "They stopped their bullshit between Barbara and Gordon. They stopped the thing with Montoya and they hit her hard in the face with it...", "an_FHoSPg08-00200-00103080-00103280": "We have the first contact between Catwoman and Bruce Wayne.", "an_FHoSPg08-00201-00103280-00103702": "And we have Bullock who's showing at last a friendly and concerned face!", "an_FHoSPg08-00202-00103702-00103759": "Yeah", "an_FHoSPg08-00203-00103759-00103998": "In fact I'm under the impression the guys watched our reviews", "an_FHoSPg08-00204-00103998-00104208": "and told themselves : \"Fuck guys, those dudes are right!\"", "an_FHoSPg08-00205-00104309-00104452": "\"WE MUST DO AN EPISODE WITH EVERYTHING IN IT!\"", "an_FHoSPg08-00206-00104526-00104774": "That's right! It's also why we didn't get Fish Moon in this episode.", "an_FHoSPg08-00207-00104774-00104833": "OH YEAH!", "an_FHoSPg08-00208-00104866-00105242": "Oh really, it's become my favorite episode of the show!", "an_FHoSPg08-00209-00105242-00105340": "Clearly!", "an_FHoSPg08-00210-00105340-00105459": "The Spirit of the Goat!", "an_FHoSPg08-00211-00105459-00105769": "THE SPIRIT OF THE GOAT! And even so, the story of the Goat wasn't that bad!", "an_FHoSPg08-00212-00105770-00106006": "I like how the doctor is relaxed and says to herself", "an_FHoSPg08-00213-00106006-00106302": "\"Everything goes as it should be\" and then BAM, the bullet in the leg!", "an_FHoSPg08-00214-00106302-00106400": "No it's also...", "an_FHoSPg08-00215-00106400-00106578": "It feels great because personnaly I hate...", "an_FHoSPg08-00216-00106578-00106658": "The villains...", "an_FHoSPg08-00217-00106666-00106902": "Who manage to escape with bullshit moves?", "an_FHoSPg08-00218-00106902-00106992": "It's not only that!", "an_FHoSPg08-00219-00106992-00107180": "What I hate is really the villains", "an_FHoSPg08-00220-00107232-00107526": "Who really provoke shit-ton of chaos while covering their tracks", "an_FHoSPg08-00221-00107561-00107841": "And when they're discovered, they're totally sure of themselves", "an_FHoSPg08-00222-00107841-00108107": "Happy as hell, pissing people off and manage to escape!", "an_FHoSPg08-00223-00108120-00108633": "And they act like it was ALL part of the plan though obviously the part where they get discovered was not planned!", "an_FHoSPg08-00224-00108661-00108946": "And here she was all happy saying \"I underestimated you\"", "an_FHoSPg08-00225-00108956-00109251": "\"You got me but that was something I planned all along\"", "an_FHoSPg08-00226-00109256-00109318": "What's even more funny... it's...", "an_FHoSPg08-00227-00109318-00109404": "And then BANG!", "an_FHoSPg08-00228-00109404-00109622": "Just a detail. It's the ONLY detail!", "an_FHoSPg08-00229-00109640-00110135": "I'm gonna start with the things I didn't like because it's the only point I found bullshit in the episode. The rest I enjoyed absolutely.", "an_FHoSPg08-00230-00110192-00110478": "Yes, for once, it's an episode I REALLY liked!", "an_FHoSPg08-00231-00110682-00111133": "Yeah so only thing I didn't like, I consider it is UTTER SHIT their thing with the hypnosis at the end", "an_FHoSPg08-00232-00111161-00111213": "YEAH", "an_FHoSPg08-00233-00111213-00111497": "Where the girl just says : \"I ate pancakes Robert\"", "an_FHoSPg08-00234-00111498-00111756": "And then, at once, Robert attacks", "an_FHoSPg08-00235-00111780-00111924": "NO, it DOESN'T work that way!", "an_FHoSPg08-00236-00111924-00112174": "Hypnosis is something that is...", "an_FHoSPg08-00237-00112211-00112528": "Really extremely present in the Batman Universe", "an_FHoSPg08-00238-00112574-00112630": "Because...", "an_FHoSPg08-00239-00112683-00112982": "Three characters use it, we got Hugo Strange...", "an_FHoSPg08-00240-00112982-00113204": "Who use it like OVER THE TOP", "an_FHoSPg08-00241-00113204-00113516": "Well to be fair he hasn't got any powers and he has no abilities apart from that.", "an_FHoSPg08-00242-00113516-00113773": "He's extremely clever, a very good psychiatrist", "an_FHoSPg08-00243-00113774-00114140": "and that's why the character of... of... of... of the doctor - I don't know her name...", "an_FHoSPg08-00244-00114140-00114312": "The character of the doctor", "an_FHoSPg08-00245-00114312-00114682": "Really made me think of a female Hugo Strange", "an_FHoSPg08-00246-00114722-00114856": "Then we got the Madhatter.", "an_FHoSPg08-00247-00114892-00115043": "Who really use hypnosis.", "an_FHoSPg08-00248-00115044-00115250": "Never read any comics with him really.", "an_FHoSPg08-00249-00115406-00115634": "Him... He uses hypnosis through his hats.", "an_FHoSPg08-00250-00115634-00115889": "But it's, it's really well done", "an_FHoSPg08-00251-00115890-00116111": "and Madhatter is an interesting character.", "an_FHoSPg08-00252-00116250-00116620": "Well I know I want to do something one day with Madhatter...", "an_FHoSPg08-00253-00116620-00116692": "If...", "an_FHoSPg08-00254-00116692-00117102": "If... I manage one day to do what I want to do with Batman on Geek Worlds.", "an_FHoSPg08-00255-00117144-00117244": "AND", "an_FHoSPg08-00256-00117306-00117652": "Third character who really use hypnosis, so we got Hugo Strange, we got Madhatter", "an_FHoSPg08-00257-00117652-00117796": "And we got Arkham.", "an_FHoSPg08-00258-00117880-00118202": "We got the character of Jeremiah Arkham who uses a lot hypnosis.", "an_FHoSPg08-00259-00118202-00118464": "So those three dudes uses hypnosis a lot...", "an_FHoSPg08-00260-00118464-00118756": "And that shows us that it's still", "an_FHoSPg08-00261-00118756-00119124": "a side of Batman pretty redundant", "an_FHoSPg08-00262-00119124-00119192": "That and Magic.", "an_FHoSPg08-00263-00119252-00119640": "Because Magic is also pretty redundant in Batman. We got Zatana...", "an_FHoSPg08-00264-00119657-00119970": "Well to be fair, seeing what kind of relationship he has with Zatana...", "an_FHoSPg08-00265-00119970-00120176": "It's pretty logic that Magic becomes something reccurent", "an_FHoSPg08-00266-00120176-00120422": "Well we got Zatana, but it's one thing in itself.", "an_FHoSPg08-00267-00120422-00120696": "Because she's pretty much in every comics, not only Batman's...", "an_FHoSPg08-00268-00120696-00120818": "We got Ra's Al Ghul", "an_FHoSPg08-00269-00120818-00120868": "Yes...", "an_FHoSPg08-00270-00120896-00121192": "Solomon Grundy is technically brought back with Magic.", "an_FHoSPg08-00271-00121285-00121346": "Hmm Fate.", "an_FHoSPg08-00272-00121430-00121820": "Yes, but Fate... It's... I'm really talking of characters of the Batman comics.", "an_FHoSPg08-00273-00121948-00122209": "We were talking of the fact that Batman is pretty much mixed in Magic", "an_FHoSPg08-00274-00122209-00122411": "Simply because he's not afraid of Magic", "an_FHoSPg08-00275-00122420-00123040": "He can confront Magic, because as we were saying in a previous episode, Batman has already beaten you before the fight even begins... Meaning...", "an_FHoSPg08-00276-00123061-00123390": "He knows how to deal with Magic, he already has plans in his head to deal with Magic.", "an_FHoSPg08-00277-00123432-00123613": "It's pretty hardcore!", "an_FHoSPg08-00278-00123614-00123888": "Harry Potter gets in front of him, Batman makes him eat dirt!", "an_FHoSPg08-00279-00123982-00124161": "I'm sure Batman would destroy Voldemort.", "an_FHoSPg08-00280-00124194-00124456": "There's a video about this on \"How it Should Have Ended\"", "an_FHoSPg08-00281-00124456-00124526": "I'm sure there's one!", "an_FHoSPg08-00282-00124552-00124733": "But not Superman!", "an_FHoSPg08-00283-00124778-00125116": "Superman who is considered by many as", "an_FHoSPg08-00284-00125116-00125256": "the invincible superhero", "an_FHoSPg08-00285-00125256-00125424": "Who fly at lightspeed, etc...", "an_FHoSPg08-00286-00125432-00125648": "He gets raped by Magic!", "an_FHoSPg08-00287-00125666-00126076": "In short, everyone thinks of Kryptonite as Superman's weakness, BUT...", "an_FHoSPg08-00288-00126130-00126561": "A more bothering weakness is that Superman is really sensible to Magic.", "an_FHoSPg08-00289-00126561-00126952": "Besides that's why Wonder Woman's sword can kill Superman. Can hurt him.", "an_FHoSPg08-00290-00126988-00127294": "Superman puts his thumb on the edge of Wonder Woman's sword", "an_FHoSPg08-00291-00127320-00127516": "Because it's a magical blade, his thumb will bleed.", "an_FHoSPg08-00292-00127516-00128020": "And that's also why there was people on the Suicide Squad movie that were saying that", "an_FHoSPg08-00293-00128020-00128282": "The main villain... Enchantress", "an_FHoSPg08-00294-00128433-00128609": "Was of Superman's level...", "an_FHoSPg08-00295-00128609-00129080": "No. She's stronger than Superman. Superman attacks Enchantress, Superman dies.", "an_FHoSPg08-00296-00129111-00129256": "So in the good points.", "an_FHoSPg08-00297-00129340-00129390": "Bullock!", "an_FHoSPg08-00298-00129485-00129700": "Motherfucking Bullock has become...", "an_FHoSPg08-00299-00129750-00130026": "same level as Gordon... Even on certain sides better because", "an_FHoSPg08-00300-00130026-00130248": "Because Bullock has an evolution", "an_FHoSPg08-00301-00130248-00130444": "Gordon hasn't evolved yet.", "an_FHoSPg08-00302-00130444-00130776": "That's right. That's the difficulty of having young characters...", "an_FHoSPg08-00303-00130776-00131082": "I mean you can't make them go through horrible things", "an_FHoSPg08-00304-00131082-00131242": "EXCEPT Game of Thrones", "an_FHoSPg08-00305-00131242-00131898": "Because young characters get raped, strangled, they see their friends die, their parents...", "an_FHoSPg08-00306-00131898-00132300": "Right. I mean in most of average movies and TV shows", "an_FHoSPg08-00307-00132300-00132528": "You show us a 20 years old kid.", "an_FHoSPg08-00308-00132562-00133232": "You won't be saying to yourself he had to burry his entire family one after the other, and the same goes for all his buddies...", "an_FHoSPg08-00309-00133232-00133282": "Sure...", "an_FHoSPg08-00310-00133324-00133786": "What I find really interesting with Bullock is that we had him a cynic pain in the ass at the beginning", "an_FHoSPg08-00311-00133802-00134256": "And now we see him on a case that's really bothering him and then", "an_FHoSPg08-00312-00134256-00134432": "we see he was a Gordon in the past.", "an_FHoSPg08-00313-00134432-00134716": "And I love when Dix by the way", "an_FHoSPg08-00314-00134756-00134806": "Yes...", "an_FHoSPg08-00315-00134826-00134908": "Telling him...", "an_FHoSPg08-00316-00134918-00135068": "\"He thinks he's a White Knight... etc\"", "an_FHoSPg08-00317-00135068-00135122": "And then you have Gordon:", "an_FHoSPg08-00318-00135172-00135252": "\"Talking about Bullock?\"", "an_FHoSPg08-00319-00135392-00135442": "\"Yeah\"", "an_FHoSPg08-00320-00135476-00135526": "\"Bullock?\"", "an_FHoSPg08-00321-00135644-00135744": "\"Harvey Bullock?\"", "an_FHoSPg08-00322-00135806-00135856": "\"Harvey Bullock.\"", "an_FHoSPg08-00323-00135924-00136174": "\"Is it Harvey J. Bullock or is it another Harvey Bullock?\"", "an_FHoSPg08-00324-00136218-00136450": "But really it's the surprised face of Gordon", "an_FHoSPg08-00325-00136450-00136746": "\"Or is it R. V. Bullock?\"", "an_FHoSPg08-00326-00136784-00137174": "They really did a good job to improve the character but what I find even more interesting", "an_FHoSPg08-00327-00137174-00137438": "By that it gives him a real backstory", "an_FHoSPg08-00328-00137518-00137722": "While Gordon hasn't got any.", "an_FHoSPg08-00329-00137770-00137870": "When you look at it closely", "an_FHoSPg08-00330-00137918-00137968": "He... He...", "an_FHoSPg08-00331-00137968-00138210": "Well technically the entire show is his backstory!", "an_FHoSPg08-00332-00138232-00138646": "No I mean even so... How did he became a detective?", "an_FHoSPg08-00333-00138832-00139158": "Because you never start as a detective. You start by being an traffic agent or something like that...", "an_FHoSPg08-00334-00139198-00139421": "What Montoya and Allen are going to become.", "an_FHoSPg08-00335-00139422-00139984": "So I find Gordon's character is maybe a bit smooth while Bullock's begins to have some kind of interesting additions", "an_FHoSPg08-00336-00140122-00140508": "Even Montoya. Well they did a shit backstory but it's still a backstory!", "an_FHoSPg08-00337-00140508-00140576": "Yes.", "an_FHoSPg08-00338-00140576-00140650": "Nigma", "an_FHoSPg08-00339-00140766-00141105": "Nigma I let you start because I'll have one or two things to say after", "an_FHoSPg08-00340-00141105-00141431": "Well first we learnt several things. First of all Nigma is heterosexual", "an_FHoSPg08-00341-00141508-00141662": "He has a penis.", "an_FHoSPg08-00342-00141680-00141952": "He has an interest in something else than riddles.", "an_FHoSPg08-00343-00142068-00142380": "But he has weird tastes in women because the girl is still", "an_FHoSPg08-00344-00142424-00142908": "Really aggressive... So I agree to say that Nigma was creepy as fuck I mean...", "an_FHoSPg08-00345-00142908-00143336": "That thing to sniff her hair, I didn't catch really of what, why, how, with whom...", "an_FHoSPg08-00346-00143336-00143506": "With who does it work really?", "an_FHoSPg08-00347-00143550-00143710": "Because sniffing people... Never saw that work.", "an_FHoSPg08-00348-00143710-00143960": "Maybe with girls that are also sniffing you?", "an_FHoSPg08-00349-00143968-00144474": "Apart from that, what I really liked was that for once they REALLY used Edward Nigma for once.", "an_FHoSPg08-00350-00144474-00144660": "It's not just one cameo for nothing", "an_FHoSPg08-00351-00144660-00144748": "Yes. True.", "an_FHoSPg08-00352-00144748-00145230": "He was really used well in the case, there was a development around the character", "an_FHoSPg08-00353-00145230-00145628": "That was what was pissing me off since the beginning and why I was saying that Nigma was of no use to anything", "an_FHoSPg08-00354-00145660-00146368": "It was because since the beginning he brought information that any other average character could have brought", "an_FHoSPg08-00355-00146368-00146516": "True. And besides...", "an_FHoSPg08-00356-00146516-00146670": "That wasn't because it was Edward Nigma", "an_FHoSPg08-00357-00146696-00146784": "That it was...", "an_FHoSPg08-00358-00146934-00147284": "That it was special... It wasn't especially done by Nigma.", "an_FHoSPg08-00359-00147312-00147732": "While here we have still the development of Nigma as an analyst.", "an_FHoSPg08-00360-00147754-00147992": "But we also have the personnal development of Nigma", "an_FHoSPg08-00361-00147992-00148072": "In his humanity, yes.", "an_FHoSPg08-00362-00148072-00148312": "There! It brings something new to the character", "an_FHoSPg08-00363-00148312-00148640": "And it's not just a figurative character that comes by sometimes", "an_FHoSPg08-00364-00148640-00148794": "but who has a famous name of the show!", "an_FHoSPg08-00365-00148828-00149414": "No, but a small disgression it's that the girl made me think of the first appearances ofFelicity Smoke.", "an_FHoSPg08-00366-00149414-00149464": "So.", "an_FHoSPg08-00367-00149464-00149662": "Those of you who saw the Arrow TV Show...", "an_FHoSPg08-00368-00149694-00150056": "No, it's not Felicity has she was in the beginning...", "an_FHoSPg08-00369-00150056-00150268": "At the start Felicity was kind of a bitch", "an_FHoSPg08-00370-00150268-00150562": "Who appeared not with Arrow but Firestorm.", "an_FHoSPg08-00371-00150616-00151100": "And Firestorm to sum up is someone who can change the molecular composition of approximatively everything he wants...", "an_FHoSPg08-00372-00151166-00151538": "And so Felicity pisses him off so much he turns her clothes in soap.", "an_FHoSPg08-00373-00151590-00152080": "So she turns out to be wearing bubbles from head to heel, with everything flying away, so she runs away.", "an_FHoSPg08-00374-00152080-00152322": "At least, technically. You'll be clean.", "an_FHoSPg08-00375-00152370-00152632": "So what's gonna happen next?", "an_FHoSPg08-00376-00152668-00152922": "So maybe they'll continue the romance between...", "an_FHoSPg08-00377-00152922-00153296": "Edward Nigma and Kristin Kringles, maybe he'll find things to melt her...", "an_FHoSPg08-00378-00153296-00153872": "Maybe tie her up to a device that's gonna rip her arms off if she doesn't get the right answer in the first 30 minutes...", "an_FHoSPg08-00379-00153872-00154050": "\"Do you want to marry me? Yes or no?\"", "an_FHoSPg08-00380-00154106-00154254": "There's only one RIGHT answer", "an_FHoSPg08-00381-00154320-00154614": "You'll tell me in Batman Telltale sometimes he asked questions like this...", "an_FHoSPg08-00382-00154614-00154802": "Really you're like : \"THOSE ARE NOT RIDDLES?!!!\"", "an_FHoSPg08-00383-00154802-00155334": "Well I stopped watching Batman Telltale... It... I... no...", "an_FHoSPg08-00384-00155334-00155462": "Too bad because he dies...", "an_FHoSPg08-00385-00155530-00155580": "What?!", "an_FHoSPg08-00386-00155766-00155816": "WHAT?!", "an_FHoSPg08-00387-00155986-00156086": "YOU'RE SERIOUS?!!", "an_FHoSPg08-00388-00156174-00156224": "Yeah.", "an_FHoSPg08-00389-00156444-00156544": "Oh no. Well...", "an_FHoSPg08-00390-00156624-00156776": "No! No!!", "an_FHoSPg08-00391-00156906-00156972": "NO!!", "an_FHoSPg08-00392-00157364-00157504": "Tell me you're kidding me!", "an_FHoSPg08-00393-00157504-00157642": "The RIGHT sentence!", "an_FHoSPg08-00394-00157704-00157798": "You're kidding me?!", "an_FHoSPg08-00395-00157798-00157892": "Not at all!", "an_FHoSPg08-00396-00158096-00158506": "Well you'll tell me it goes along with the thing of not a too old guy to play...", "an_FHoSPg08-00397-00158856-00158956": "Telltale...", "an_FHoSPg08-00398-00159440-00159490": "WHAT?!!!", "an_FHoSPg08-00399-00159736-00159800": "WHAAT?!!!", "an_FHoSPg08-00400-00159988-00160164": "BUT WHAT THE FUCK IS THAT?!!!", "an_FHoSPg08-00401-00160388-00160696": "BUT WHO THE FUCK IS THE MORON WHO SAID IT WAS A GOOD IDEA?!!", "an_FHoSPg08-00402-00160950-00161234": "And theories suggests it could be Joker that ordered it.", "an_FHoSPg08-00403-00161298-00161458": "So Joker kills Edward Nigma.", "an_FHoSPg08-00404-00161564-00161690": "On the other hand it's not confirmed, we can't say.", "an_FHoSPg08-00405-00161690-00161966": "Well it's decided I'm going to do the Batman Telltale", "an_FHoSPg08-00406-00161972-00162196": "And I'm going to destroy it because", "an_FHoSPg08-00407-00162210-00162384": "They're doing everything to piss me off!", "an_FHoSPg08-00408-00162420-00162470": "EVERYTHING!", "an_FHoSPg08-00409-00162484-00162928": "They do a shit storyline on the first season!", "an_FHoSPg08-00410-00162928-00163162": "They fuck up the character of Vicky Vale!!", "an_FHoSPg08-00411-00163162-00163382": "AND THEY KILL MY FAVORITE CHARACTER?!!!", "an_FHoSPg08-00412-00163576-00163704": "\"I am displeased\".", "an_FHoSPg08-00413-00163704-00163818": "So yeah here we are.", "an_FHoSPg08-00414-00163818-00163894": "\"I'm very displeased\"...", "an_FHoSPg08-00415-00163952-00164002": "Anyway.", "an_FHoSPg08-00416-00164002-00164249": "Well on this discovery!", "an_FHoSPg08-00417-00164250-00164360": "I'm shitting salt.", "an_FHoSPg08-00418-00164360-00164448": "That Riddler died...", "an_FHoSPg08-00419-00164448-00164498": "I'm out of here.", "an_FHoSPg08-00420-00164498-00164648": "I think it's time to end the video!", "an_FHoSPg08-00421-00164710-00164866": "So we say bye bye until next time!", "an_FHoSPg08-00422-00164866-00164916": "Yeah bye!", "an_FHoSPg08-00423-00164930-00165024": "BYE EVERYONE!", "an_FHoSPg08-00424-00166472-00167890": "SUBSCRIBE"}}, {"audio_id": "anE7klDAZqg", "text": {"anE7klDAZqg-00000-00000009-00000401": "Las Vegas high-rise condo market is starting to roar", "anE7klDAZqg-00001-00000401-00000948": "Las Vegas high-rise condo market is coming to life in a big way and the median price", "anE7klDAZqg-00002-00000948-00001966": "of Las Vegas high-rise condos at $369,000 has appreciated by 8.5% so far in 2018.", "anE7klDAZqg-00003-00001966-00002588": "The median price per square foot of condominiums has gained 5.8% as well.", "anE7klDAZqg-00004-00002588-00002799": "You may ask why is this significant?", "anE7klDAZqg-00005-00002799-00003721": "Well, the 8.5% median price gain of the units in the first 5 months of 2018 is 280% more", "anE7klDAZqg-00006-00003721-00004205": "than the same from 2014 to 2017.", "anE7klDAZqg-00007-00004205-00004801": "In our last market report in January we stated that “the median price of Las Vegas high-rise", "anE7klDAZqg-00008-00004801-00005287": "condos in 2017 is $340,000.", "anE7klDAZqg-00009-00005287-00006192": "As you can see the median price of units sold has been $330,000 for 2014, however it dropped", "anE7klDAZqg-00010-00006192-00006503": "in 2015 to $319,000.", "anE7klDAZqg-00011-00006503-00007509": "In 2016 it fell by $44,000 to $275,000 before “meowing” back to $340,000.", "anE7klDAZqg-00012-00007509-00007703": "This market doesn’t roar.”", "anE7klDAZqg-00013-00007703-00008250": "Well, Las Vegas high-rise condo market obviously took an offence in our statement and started", "anE7klDAZqg-00014-00008250-00008411": "to roar.", "anE7klDAZqg-00015-00008411-00008943": "Shrinking Las Vegas high-rise condo listings and increasing sales numbers", "anE7klDAZqg-00016-00008943-00009707": "We currently have 342 active listing in the MLS, of these only 3 are short sales and none", "anE7klDAZqg-00017-00009707-00010264": "are foreclosures, we have come a long way since the great recession.", "anE7klDAZqg-00018-00010264-00010922": "Please pay attention to the median asking list price which is at $450,000, we will come", "anE7klDAZqg-00019-00010922-00011146": "back to that later.", "anE7klDAZqg-00020-00011146-00011654": "Just like other sectors, we have witnessed a severe reduction in the number of active", "anE7klDAZqg-00021-00011654-00011878": "listings in the MLS.", "anE7klDAZqg-00022-00011878-00012709": "As you can see, the number of listings had been hovering around 650 until the fall of", "anE7klDAZqg-00023-00012709-00013485": "2016 and then it kept dropping steadily to about 420 in the Spring of 2018 and is now", "anE7klDAZqg-00024-00013485-00013761": "down to 342 listings.", "anE7klDAZqg-00025-00013761-00014469": "This is a 47% reduction in the number of active listings in the MLS.", "anE7klDAZqg-00026-00014469-00014958": "The best way to show the effect of reduced supply and increasing demand is months of", "anE7klDAZqg-00027-00014958-00015194": "active listing inventory.", "anE7klDAZqg-00028-00015194-00015830": "As you see in this graph up to April of 2016 the months of listing inventory hovered around", "anE7klDAZqg-00029-00015830-00016006": "12 to 14 months.", "anE7klDAZqg-00030-00016006-00016526": "Then it dropped to 9 months for the following year before dropping to 6 months which is", "anE7klDAZqg-00031-00016526-00016702": "considered normal.", "anE7klDAZqg-00032-00016702-00017461": "However, unit sales have kept increasing and reached a post-recession record of 864 units", "anE7klDAZqg-00033-00017461-00017993": "in 2017, but we highly doubt that it will reach that in 2018.", "anE7klDAZqg-00034-00017993-00018479": "The laws of supply and demand rule supreme and increasing demand coupled with lower supply", "anE7klDAZqg-00035-00018479-00018984": "have resulted in the significant price gains for this sector.", "anE7klDAZqg-00036-00018984-00019477": "But another contributing factor is eye-popping price gains for other types of residential", "anE7klDAZqg-00037-00019477-00020112": "real estate which has made high-rise units more competitive with other sectors.", "anE7klDAZqg-00038-00020112-00020687": "As we stated, the median price of high-rise condos in Las Vegas had appreciated by 3%", "anE7klDAZqg-00039-00020687-00021039": "from 2014 to 2017.", "anE7klDAZqg-00040-00021039-00021565": "By comparison, in the same time frame the median price of Las Vegas homes has appreciated", "anE7klDAZqg-00041-00021565-00022498": "by 28.6%, regular condos appreciated by 38.6% and townhomes by 37.2%.", "anE7klDAZqg-00042-00022498-00023063": "Big difference between asking list and sold prices", "anE7klDAZqg-00043-00023063-00023558": "This graph shows the difference between the median asking list and sales prices.", "anE7klDAZqg-00044-00023558-00024254": "The difference between the two has been hovering around $40,000 until 2018 when it fell to", "anE7klDAZqg-00045-00024254-00024354": "$30,000.", "anE7klDAZqg-00046-00024354-00024732": "But these are the condominiums that have been sold.", "anE7klDAZqg-00047-00024732-00025129": "The median asking list price for existing listings is $450,000.", "anE7klDAZqg-00048-00025129-00025839": "The difference between the median sals prices and asking list prices is $81,000.", "anE7klDAZqg-00049-00025839-00026537": "The main reason for this significant difference is incorrect pricing by the listing agent", "anE7klDAZqg-00050-00026537-00027062": "which results in listings that expire after 6 months or more without any action and the", "anE7klDAZqg-00051-00027062-00027502": "poor dispirited seller is left looking for answers.", "anE7klDAZqg-00052-00027502-00028362": "From 2014-2016 about 65% of listings expired, however this number decreased with the improving", "anE7klDAZqg-00053-00028362-00029006": "market conditions and in 2018 about 1 in 3 listings fail to sell.", "anE7klDAZqg-00054-00029006-00029444": "One of the most important duties of a Realtor is to put a correct price on a listing.", "anE7klDAZqg-00055-00029444-00029907": "While it is OK to shoot for the moon to see if a buyer would pay it, pricing should be", "anE7klDAZqg-00056-00029907-00030444": "corrected within 3 weeks so the unit would sell in about 45 days.", "anE7klDAZqg-00057-00030444-00031042": "Condominiums that are listed for more than 2 months will not fetch the best price, period.", "anE7klDAZqg-00058-00031042-00031614": "What makes this report unique is that we only discuss true condo towers here and have eliminated", "anE7klDAZqg-00059-00031614-00032227": "mid-rise luxury condominium projects, please find the tower names in the right-hand column", "anE7klDAZqg-00060-00032227-00032697": "in Las Vegas high-rise condos for sale page.", "anE7klDAZqg-00061-00032697-00033016": "Conclusion: Appreciating median prices only show the market", "anE7klDAZqg-00062-00033016-00033416": "direction for all 21 high-rise towers in Las Vegas.", "anE7klDAZqg-00063-00033416-00033949": "As we have shown in the Las Vegas high-rise condos appreciation rates since recovery,", "anE7klDAZqg-00064-00033949-00034455": "price gains are not distributed evenly among all towers or for that matter in all price", "anE7klDAZqg-00065-00034455-00034582": "ranges.", "anE7klDAZqg-00066-00034582-00035151": "Given the current conditions we shall see further price hikes and improving market conditions.", "anE7klDAZqg-00067-00035151-00035506": "If you want to buy a unit, now is a good time to do so.", "anE7klDAZqg-00068-00035506-00035982": "Please contact us about the units and price ranges that you are interested in and we will", "anE7klDAZqg-00069-00035982-00036177": "be happy to help you.", "anE7klDAZqg-00070-00036177-00036718": "If you want to buy or invest in high-rise condominiums, please call us at 702-478-7800.", "anE7klDAZqg-00071-00036718-00037569": "You can find our contact info and web page with the embedded video and video transcript", "anE7klDAZqg-00072-00037569-00037804": "in the video description.", "anE7klDAZqg-00073-00037804-00038258": "Please like and share “Las Vegas high-rise condo market is starting to roar” if you", "anE7klDAZqg-00074-00038258-00038816": "find it useful and subscribe to our real estate channel for upcoming videos.", "anE7klDAZqg-00075-00038816-00039601": "On behalf of the Saber Team, this is Karen Saberzadeh of Realty One Group and www.lasvegas4us.com", "anE7klDAZqg-00076-00039601-00039730": "wishing you a great day."}}, {"audio_id": "anR4DjOpZF0", "text": {"anR4DjOpZF0-00000-00001048-00001421": "It's my dad myself and we've hired 2,500 acres", "anR4DjOpZF0-00001-00001429-00002102": "We're doing corn soybeans sugar beets and wheat and we do another 500 acres of custom work for other farms", "anR4DjOpZF0-00002-00002113-00002684": "We started looking at different ways to improve our soil structure, and that is one thing. We've incorporated on our farm", "anR4DjOpZF0-00003-00002685-00003027": "Now is a lot of these cover crops and the reason we look at different cover", "anR4DjOpZF0-00004-00003027-00003593": "Crops is some everything provides a little different benefit for instance like we were messing around playing with some", "anR4DjOpZF0-00005-00003648-00004103": "Red clover and red clover is an excellent source if you want nitrogen for a corn crop", "anR4DjOpZF0-00006-00004140-00004481": "The problem is establishment and the cost to establish red clover", "anR4DjOpZF0-00007-00004519-00005123": "It's very difficult, but it makes an excellent nitrogen source free nitrogen for your crop the next year", "anR4DjOpZF0-00008-00005169-00005564": "We're not really experiment anymore with the oilseed radish. We just use it. We've been doing that since", "anR4DjOpZF0-00009-00005617-00005907": "1999 we've been using oilseed radish on all our wheat acres", "anR4DjOpZF0-00010-00005971-00006501": "the Rye is something we've been using for about five years now and that gets planted on every sugar beet acre and", "anR4DjOpZF0-00011-00006537-00007010": "Next year we want to take it a step farther than we're gonna use rye in all our soybean acres as well when they sow", "anR4DjOpZF0-00012-00007011-00007298": "Beets come off. We're gonna put Ryan less. It's planted the white weed and", "anR4DjOpZF0-00013-00007353-00007970": "Then we're also looking at incorporating peas or an Austrian winter pea mix in with the oil see radish", "anR4DjOpZF0-00014-00007970-00008621": "And that's the so the radish will have a benefit of the nitrogen so we don't have to apply any Barton nitrogen that way", "anR4DjOpZF0-00015-00008685-00009230": "And then we've also been looking at oats, which is an excellent source to the oil problem is your oats", "anR4DjOpZF0-00016-00009231-00009336": "It's a very short", "anR4DjOpZF0-00017-00009336-00009857": "Timing of a window as to when you're gonna plan it to get enough longevity to make it last throughout the winter months", "anR4DjOpZF0-00018-00009960-00010532": "And then we were looking at in this field experiment. We're doing with MSU. They were also looking at Sudan grass", "anR4DjOpZF0-00019-00010617-00010807": "oats of course", "anR4DjOpZF0-00020-00010807-00010917": "rye", "anR4DjOpZF0-00021-00010917-00011022": "every", "anR4DjOpZF0-00022-00011022-00011678": "Species is giving a different benefit to the soil. I guess it just depends on what the prescription you want for that particular field", "anR4DjOpZF0-00023-00011778-00012296": "What is the problems do you have nematodes? Don't you have nematodes? Are you looking at it from a nitrogen standpoint for the crop?", "anR4DjOpZF0-00024-00012297-00012848": "You're gonna grow next year, or are you looking at just trying to break up the hard pan", "anR4DjOpZF0-00025-00012849-00013085": "You know do you have a soil structure problem?", "anR4DjOpZF0-00026-00013092-00013652": "So that's why we're looking at maybe you may want to use multiple species within one cover crop mix on a fee", "anR4DjOpZF0-00027-00013698-00014492": "We've been doing cover crops since 1999 and every year. We just seems like we're adding something different increasing more here for cover crops", "anR4DjOpZF0-00028-00014590-00015065": "trying what we can to increase our soil structure add organic matter and", "anR4DjOpZF0-00029-00015190-00015323": "It seems like it's working", "anR4DjOpZF0-00030-00015323-00015794": "I mean like I said last year a drought year we averaged on a thousand acres of beans in the mid-60s", "anR4DjOpZF0-00031-00015865-00016065": "So I said things aren't too bad", "anR4DjOpZF0-00032-00016578-00016778": "You"}}, {"audio_id": "anb91QUJ7Yg", "text": {"anb91QUJ7Yg-00000-00000244-00000999": "The secret of native advertising is to do it well and actually talk to the", "anb91QUJ7Yg-00001-00000999-00001320": "audience the way the audience wants to be talked to.", "anb91QUJ7Yg-00002-00001529-00002030": "I think the greatest challenge in native advertising right now is to get all these", "anb91QUJ7Yg-00003-00002030-00002710": "competencies, that you need to have, working together. We see", "anb91QUJ7Yg-00004-00002710-00003282": "small teams working with different bits and pieces but we need to be working", "anb91QUJ7Yg-00005-00003282-00003640": "together because we need all of the bits and pieces to come together.", "anb91QUJ7Yg-00006-00003894-00004626": "The future for native advertising is to do even greater content and measure it even more", "anb91QUJ7Yg-00007-00004626-00005457": "and always learn from what you did the last time you did it. You also need", "anb91QUJ7Yg-00008-00005457-00005877": "to do it tailor-made for every client because that's the way it's going to", "anb91QUJ7Yg-00009-00005877-00005950": "work all the best."}}, {"audio_id": "bo4tfJuU7RM", "text": {"bo4tfJuU7RM-00000-00000000-00000200": "BUT IT IS STILL THE LAW"}}, {"audio_id": "boyzdkdvZwQ", "text": {"boyzdkdvZwQ-00000-00001208-00001687": "we'll keep a dry roof over your heads literally when you need to rely", "boyzdkdvZwQ-00001-00001687-00001782": "we're having some", "boyzdkdvZwQ-00002-00001782-00002164": "our experienced team of professionals are ready to solve your needs", "boyzdkdvZwQ-00003-00002164-00002647": "no job is too big or too small our experienced craftsmen have years of", "boyzdkdvZwQ-00004-00002647-00002896": "experience on all sorts of buildings", "boyzdkdvZwQ-00005-00002896-00003370": "we're confident you will be completely satisfied don't delay and contact us", "boyzdkdvZwQ-00006-00003370-00003436": "today", "boyzdkdvZwQ-00007-00003436-00003819": "hey there thanks for watching our video to get more fresh content regularly", "boyzdkdvZwQ-00008-00003871-00004326": "click the subscribe button below and then also like us on Facebook and engage", "boyzdkdvZwQ-00009-00004326-00004678": "with us through social media by clicking these icons that are popping up"}}, {"audio_id": "boD7w-d-uVg", "text": {"boD7w-d-uVg-00000-00000300-00000403": "Female Narrator: Welcome back", "boD7w-d-uVg-00001-00000403-00000603": "to another Lions and Tigers video.", "boD7w-d-uVg-00002-00000603-00000903": "This week, we're going to be talking about stock.", "boD7w-d-uVg-00003-00000903-00001103": "And this week, the owners decided", "boD7w-d-uVg-00004-00001103-00001403": "that they were going to issue some stock.", "boD7w-d-uVg-00005-00001403-00001609": "The company's going to be privately held.", "boD7w-d-uVg-00006-00001609-00002003": "Each of the owners will have a 20% interest...", "boD7w-d-uVg-00007-00002003-00002206": "at least that's the original idea.", "boD7w-d-uVg-00008-00002206-00002403": "So in the discussion board,", "boD7w-d-uVg-00009-00002403-00002602": "we've been talking about all the steps", "boD7w-d-uVg-00010-00002602-00002803": "that Lions and Tigers would need to do", "boD7w-d-uVg-00011-00002803-00003006": "to become incorporated and issue stock.", "boD7w-d-uVg-00012-00003006-00003307": "Let's continue that discussion there.", "boD7w-d-uVg-00013-00003307-00003603": "Secondly, on April 1st, they issued", "boD7w-d-uVg-00014-00003603-00003900": "4,000 shares of stock to the existing partners.", "boD7w-d-uVg-00015-00003900-00004009": "Now, we're not gonna worry about that.", "boD7w-d-uVg-00016-00004009-00004207": "Just know that they did.", "boD7w-d-uVg-00017-00004207-00004508": "Let's go ahead and get started with the first entry.", "boD7w-d-uVg-00018-00004508-00004809": "And in the first entry, they...", "boD7w-d-uVg-00019-00005009-00005608": "So on 4/15, they sell Uncle Joe 500 shares for $300 a share.", "boD7w-d-uVg-00020-00005608-00005902": "So we're gonna debit cash...", "boD7w-d-uVg-00021-00006105-00006506": "and we're gonna debit cash for 1,500.", "boD7w-d-uVg-00022-00006506-00006900": "And we just got that by taking the 300 shares...", "boD7w-d-uVg-00023-00006900-00007401": "or the, uh...$3 times the 500 shares.", "boD7w-d-uVg-00024-00007401-00007507": "Okay?", "boD7w-d-uVg-00025-00007507-00007904": "Now, the common stock, remember, it has a $2 par,", "boD7w-d-uVg-00026-00007904-00008202": "so we have to take the $2 par...", "boD7w-d-uVg-00027-00008400-00008909": "so we have to take the $2 par... times the 500 shares,", "boD7w-d-uVg-00028-00008909-00009207": "and that's going to give us $1,000.", "boD7w-d-uVg-00029-00009207-00009701": "And then, we're gonna have additional paid in capital,", "boD7w-d-uVg-00030-00009701-00009906": "and that's just gonna be that dollar.", "boD7w-d-uVg-00031-00009906-00010107": "You can either, uh...just plug it here,", "boD7w-d-uVg-00032-00010107-00010402": "or you can take a dollar times 500,", "boD7w-d-uVg-00033-00010402-00010601": "whichever's easier for you.", "boD7w-d-uVg-00034-00010601-00010901": "And then, we're gonna go through the same process.", "boD7w-d-uVg-00035-00010901-00011203": "Now, on April 30th, it looks like we issued", "boD7w-d-uVg-00036-00011203-00011504": "the remaining 500 shares to Tiffany's Chiro", "boD7w-d-uVg-00037-00011504-00011903": "for, uh...$10 per share.", "boD7w-d-uVg-00038-00011903-00012704": "So we're gonna debit cash for $10 times 500--or $5,000.", "boD7w-d-uVg-00039-00012704-00013109": "Once again, we have to record that common stock at par,", "boD7w-d-uVg-00040-00013109-00013602": "so we're going to have 2 times 500, which is 1,000,", "boD7w-d-uVg-00041-00013602-00013709": "so it's the same amount", "boD7w-d-uVg-00042-00013709-00014003": "that Uncle Joe's common stock was for.", "boD7w-d-uVg-00043-00014003-00014203": "But now, we're gonna have", "boD7w-d-uVg-00044-00014203-00014504": "additional paid in capital of 4,000,", "boD7w-d-uVg-00045-00014504-00014706": "because there was a bigger gap.", "boD7w-d-uVg-00046-00014706-00015104": "There was $8 times 500", "boD7w-d-uVg-00047-00015104-00015507": "between the additional paid in capital and the par value.", "boD7w-d-uVg-00048-00015507-00015609": "Okay?", "boD7w-d-uVg-00049-00015609-00016101": "So remember, we have to record it at par always.", "boD7w-d-uVg-00050-00016101-00016401": "On May 15th,", "boD7w-d-uVg-00051-00016401-00016800": "we declare a dividend of a dollar per share,", "boD7w-d-uVg-00052-00016800-00017205": "so we're going to debit retained earnings.", "boD7w-d-uVg-00053-00017205-00017807": "And that's 5,000 shares times a dollar for 5,000.", "boD7w-d-uVg-00054-00017807-00018005": "Then, we're going to credit", "boD7w-d-uVg-00055-00018005-00018307": "dividends payable for that 5,000.", "boD7w-d-uVg-00056-00018307-00018606": "Now, we're gonna have several entries", "boD7w-d-uVg-00057-00018606-00018902": "to do with this dividend.", "boD7w-d-uVg-00058-00018902-00019200": "It says that it will be paid", "boD7w-d-uVg-00059-00019200-00019608": "to stockholders of record...on May 30th.", "boD7w-d-uVg-00060-00019608-00019809": "Now, we have no entry there,", "boD7w-d-uVg-00061-00019809-00020209": "because that's just when we make a list of who owns stock.", "boD7w-d-uVg-00062-00020209-00020401": "Okay?", "boD7w-d-uVg-00063-00020401-00020800": "The next entry is actually going to be when we pay that dividend,", "boD7w-d-uVg-00064-00020800-00021003": "and that's gonna be on June 30th.", "boD7w-d-uVg-00065-00021003-00021604": "We're going to debit dividends payable for 5,000,", "boD7w-d-uVg-00066-00021604-00021907": "and we're going to credit cash for 5,000.", "boD7w-d-uVg-00067-00021907-00022202": "Remember, we're just writing the check.", "boD7w-d-uVg-00068-00022202-00022401": "This is a cash dividend.", "boD7w-d-uVg-00069-00022401-00022503": "Okay?", "boD7w-d-uVg-00070-00022503-00022800": "On July 4th,", "boD7w-d-uVg-00071-00022800-00023104": "the company purchases 300 shares of stock from Jason.", "boD7w-d-uVg-00072-00023104-00023500": "So Jason decides he doesn't wanna have all of his stock,", "boD7w-d-uVg-00073-00023500-00023704": "so he's gonna sell some of it back--", "boD7w-d-uVg-00074-00023704-00024008": "300 shares at $12 a share.", "boD7w-d-uVg-00075-00024008-00024401": "That's gonna be 3,600.", "boD7w-d-uVg-00076-00024401-00024608": "We call this treasury stock,", "boD7w-d-uVg-00077-00024608-00025203": "because it's stock that the company is going to be holding.", "boD7w-d-uVg-00078-00025203-00025503": "Now, treasury stock, remember, we talked about this.", "boD7w-d-uVg-00079-00025503-00025800": "Treasury stock does not get paid a dividend.", "boD7w-d-uVg-00080-00025800-00026306": "Treasury stock is not considered part of their outstanding stock.", "boD7w-d-uVg-00081-00026306-00026408": "Okay?", "boD7w-d-uVg-00082-00026408-00026609": "So we use the cost method,", "boD7w-d-uVg-00083-00026609-00027202": "so we record treasury stock at what we...paid for it.", "boD7w-d-uVg-00084-00027202-00027508": "Now, the company turns around on July 5th,", "boD7w-d-uVg-00085-00027508-00027709": "and they issue the treasury stock", "boD7w-d-uVg-00086-00027709-00027906": "to Nicholas, Camille, and Tiffany", "boD7w-d-uVg-00087-00027906-00028105": "for a dollar a share.", "boD7w-d-uVg-00088-00028105-00028907": "So we have 300 shares at a dollar--or $300.", "boD7w-d-uVg-00089-00028907-00029106": "Let's skip a line here,", "boD7w-d-uVg-00090-00029106-00029407": "'cause we have to get rid of the treasury stock.", "boD7w-d-uVg-00091-00029407-00029902": "But remember, we have to get rid of that treasury stock", "boD7w-d-uVg-00092-00029902-00030406": "at what we paid for it, so we paid 3,600.", "boD7w-d-uVg-00093-00030406-00031006": "Now...if I had additional paid in capital from treasury stock,", "boD7w-d-uVg-00094-00031006-00031203": "that's what I would debit.", "boD7w-d-uVg-00095-00031203-00031500": "But this is my first treasury stock transaction,", "boD7w-d-uVg-00096-00031500-00031804": "so those accounts, I don't have anything in that account.", "boD7w-d-uVg-00097-00031804-00032108": "So I'm gonna take my retained earnings account,", "boD7w-d-uVg-00098-00032108-00032306": "because really, that's what I'm doing.", "boD7w-d-uVg-00099-00032306-00032700": "Is I'm taking some of the income from the company,", "boD7w-d-uVg-00100-00032700-00033001": "and I'm using that to issue the treasury stock.", "boD7w-d-uVg-00101-00033001-00033201": "And as we do the homework,", "boD7w-d-uVg-00102-00033201-00033406": "I think this will become a little more clear.", "boD7w-d-uVg-00103-00033406-00033706": "I just wanted to give you a basic overview.", "boD7w-d-uVg-00104-00033706-00034006": "And let me know if you have questions."}}, {"audio_id": "boHUiuE2MT0", "text": {"boHUiuE2MT0-00000-00000826-00001539": "Hello guys welcome back with me isengdudegame... Okay this time i will just do summon stone", "boHUiuE2MT0-00001-00001570-00002330": "Im sad... my friends just got Molong.... Late summon...", "boHUiuE2MT0-00002-00002920-00003320": "After evolve angelmon he summon around 1,6k stone..", "boHUiuE2MT0-00003-00003320-00003979": "32x stone summon..", "boHUiuE2MT0-00004-00004420-00004660": "Lets finish it..", "boHUiuE2MT0-00005-00004693-00004816": "Is there a hope?", "boHUiuE2MT0-00006-00005030-00005196": "Summon!!", "boHUiuE2MT0-00007-00007916-00008316": "Ouch Jojo", "boHUiuE2MT0-00008-00010543-00011053": "Ouch Khmun... another fire...", "boHUiuE2MT0-00009-00011876-00012186": "Another Khmun..", "boHUiuE2MT0-00010-00014316-00014946": "Ouch... Cakram Dancer.. This is good, I dont have this..", "boHUiuE2MT0-00011-00016566-00016843": "NO hope...", "boHUiuE2MT0-00012-00016843-00017286": "Damn it... late summon", "boHUiuE2MT0-00013-00017866-00018166": "4 Lightning...", "boHUiuE2MT0-00014-00018630-00018863": "Not bad actually..", "boHUiuE2MT0-00015-00018953-00019136": "But...", "boHUiuE2MT0-00016-00019246-00019479": "Tragic..", "boHUiuE2MT0-00017-00019576-00019836": "Okay thats all..", "boHUiuE2MT0-00018-00019866-00020343": "Damn late... My friends just got Molong..", "boHUiuE2MT0-00019-00020366-00020766": "Thanks.. comment like subscribe... bye bye..."}}, {"audio_id": "boV8hLBPArY", "text": {"boV8hLBPArY-00000-00000000-00000367": "hey everybody welcome back so recently", "boV8hLBPArY-00001-00000231-00000624": "i've gotten a lot of emails", "boV8hLBPArY-00002-00000367-00000687": "as well as comments on recent youtube", "boV8hLBPArY-00003-00000624-00000896": "videos", "boV8hLBPArY-00004-00000687-00001016": "on a very specific topic so i thought i", "boV8hLBPArY-00005-00000896-00001408": "would address that today", "boV8hLBPArY-00006-00001016-00001688": "and that topic is what is trading edge", "boV8hLBPArY-00007-00001408-00001807": "how do you calculate it and ultimately", "boV8hLBPArY-00008-00001688-00002039": "what does it mean", "boV8hLBPArY-00009-00001807-00002216": "for your trades now if you're someone", "boV8hLBPArY-00010-00002039-00002384": "who's ever wondered any of these or", "boV8hLBPArY-00011-00002216-00002551": "pondered any of these questions and", "boV8hLBPArY-00012-00002384-00002719": "google searched what does this mean and", "boV8hLBPArY-00013-00002551-00002864": "how do i apply it to my trading and why", "boV8hLBPArY-00014-00002719-00003005": "is it even important", "boV8hLBPArY-00015-00002864-00003360": "then this video is for you", "boV8hLBPArY-00016-00003005-00003360": "[Music]", "boV8hLBPArY-00017-00003592-00004007": "so in today's video i'm going to give", "boV8hLBPArY-00018-00003720-00004071": "you two very specific pieces to this", "boV8hLBPArY-00019-00004007-00004352": "puzzle", "boV8hLBPArY-00020-00004071-00004471": "that are going to help you to calculate", "boV8hLBPArY-00021-00004352-00004680": "your trading edge", "boV8hLBPArY-00022-00004471-00004871": "now the reason why you need trading edge", "boV8hLBPArY-00023-00004680-00004952": "and why you have to know exactly what it", "boV8hLBPArY-00024-00004871-00005128": "is is because", "boV8hLBPArY-00025-00004952-00005328": "if you flip a coin a bunch of times you", "boV8hLBPArY-00026-00005128-00005448": "might get heads then tails then heads", "boV8hLBPArY-00027-00005328-00005592": "than tails", "boV8hLBPArY-00028-00005448-00005736": "but ultimately i bet what's going to", "boV8hLBPArY-00029-00005592-00005807": "happen is you're going to catch a string", "boV8hLBPArY-00030-00005736-00006071": "of winners", "boV8hLBPArY-00031-00005807-00006207": "or a string of losers now let's say", "boV8hLBPArY-00032-00006071-00006511": "you're flipping that coin", "boV8hLBPArY-00033-00006207-00006656": "and you take five straight losses now if", "boV8hLBPArY-00034-00006511-00006815": "you were betting real money", "boV8hLBPArY-00035-00006656-00007104": "would you be able to keep taking those", "boV8hLBPArY-00036-00006815-00007447": "losses loss after loss after loss", "boV8hLBPArY-00037-00007104-00007608": "without knowing will this ever come back", "boV8hLBPArY-00038-00007447-00007792": "if you've ever thought about this if", "boV8hLBPArY-00039-00007608-00007975": "you've ever feared this", "boV8hLBPArY-00040-00007792-00008136": "then that's where trading edge comes in", "boV8hLBPArY-00041-00007975-00008336": "for you so you know it's very likely", "boV8hLBPArY-00042-00008136-00008464": "that if you flip the coin 100 times", "boV8hLBPArY-00043-00008336-00008560": "you're probably going to hit the", "boV8hLBPArY-00044-00008464-00008840": "ballpark of", "boV8hLBPArY-00045-00008560-00008911": "50 heads and 50 tails so if you were", "boV8hLBPArY-00046-00008840-00009064": "going to place", "boV8hLBPArY-00047-00008911-00009328": "bets on something you need to know that", "boV8hLBPArY-00048-00009064-00009528": "there's some sort of consistency coming", "boV8hLBPArY-00049-00009328-00009679": "due to mathematics and the law of large", "boV8hLBPArY-00050-00009528-00009847": "numbers so if you have a trading", "boV8hLBPArY-00051-00009679-00009943": "strategy and you don't know what the", "boV8hLBPArY-00052-00009847-00010160": "edge is", "boV8hLBPArY-00053-00009943-00010256": "then you're kind of throwing money at it", "boV8hLBPArY-00054-00010160-00010520": "hundred dollars here", "boV8hLBPArY-00055-00010256-00010568": "hundred dollars there hoping it works", "boV8hLBPArY-00056-00010520-00010752": "but", "boV8hLBPArY-00057-00010568-00010928": "what if you actually don't have any edge", "boV8hLBPArY-00058-00010752-00011111": "and what if actually the market the", "boV8hLBPArY-00059-00010928-00011272": "opposite side of you has the edge", "boV8hLBPArY-00060-00011111-00011528": "kind of like in gambling when you're", "boV8hLBPArY-00061-00011272-00011728": "playing blackjack the house has", "boV8hLBPArY-00062-00011528-00011992": "you know roughly a four to six percent", "boV8hLBPArY-00063-00011728-00012047": "edge on you and that's why casinos are", "boV8hLBPArY-00064-00011992-00012311": "fancy", "boV8hLBPArY-00065-00012047-00012471": "vegas is huge because vegas wasn't built", "boV8hLBPArY-00066-00012311-00012664": "on winners so that's why this is so", "boV8hLBPArY-00067-00012471-00012839": "important to know because if you want to", "boV8hLBPArY-00068-00012664-00012911": "apply the law of large numbers which", "boV8hLBPArY-00069-00012839-00013168": "means", "boV8hLBPArY-00070-00012911-00013416": "be consistent and mechanical every day", "boV8hLBPArY-00071-00013168-00013631": "taking the same setups in the same way", "boV8hLBPArY-00072-00013416-00013759": "following your trading plan a hundred", "boV8hLBPArY-00073-00013631-00013904": "percent of the time", "boV8hLBPArY-00074-00013759-00014119": "you need to know what your trading edge", "boV8hLBPArY-00075-00013904-00014272": "is because you need to be able to sit", "boV8hLBPArY-00076-00014119-00014504": "through a string of losers", "boV8hLBPArY-00077-00014272-00014576": "three four five six i've even heard of", "boV8hLBPArY-00078-00014504-00014928": "one trader", "boV8hLBPArY-00079-00014576-00015112": "he had 13 losers right in a row", "boV8hLBPArY-00080-00014928-00015263": "now if you didn't have trading edge or", "boV8hLBPArY-00081-00015112-00015328": "you didn't know what your trading edge", "boV8hLBPArY-00082-00015263-00015528": "was", "boV8hLBPArY-00083-00015328-00015712": "would you be able to sit through 13", "boV8hLBPArY-00084-00015528-00015808": "straight losses or would you just throw", "boV8hLBPArY-00085-00015712-00015991": "in the towel", "boV8hLBPArY-00086-00015808-00016208": "and say i need to find another strategy", "boV8hLBPArY-00087-00015991-00016368": "and that leads into another topic from", "boV8hLBPArY-00088-00016208-00016623": "an older video which is", "boV8hLBPArY-00089-00016368-00016768": "you can't dig up a seed out of the earth", "boV8hLBPArY-00090-00016623-00016936": "to see if it's growing", "boV8hLBPArY-00091-00016768-00017087": "you have to trust that it's growing and", "boV8hLBPArY-00092-00016936-00017328": "let it grow so", "boV8hLBPArY-00093-00017087-00017504": "you can't keep throwing out your trading", "boV8hLBPArY-00094-00017328-00017695": "plan and switching to something new much", "boV8hLBPArY-00095-00017504-00017823": "like you can't dig up the seed", "boV8hLBPArY-00096-00017695-00018023": "every time you want to check to see if", "boV8hLBPArY-00097-00017823-00018112": "it's growing you have to be able to", "boV8hLBPArY-00098-00018023-00018384": "trust", "boV8hLBPArY-00099-00018112-00018520": "that it is growing in the soil the same", "boV8hLBPArY-00100-00018384-00018808": "way as you know you have", "boV8hLBPArY-00101-00018520-00018959": "edge so you know in fact that it will", "boV8hLBPArY-00102-00018808-00019159": "work you just have to apply", "boV8hLBPArY-00103-00018959-00019392": "enough occurrences now if you're not", "boV8hLBPArY-00104-00019159-00019487": "familiar with that term occurrences are", "boV8hLBPArY-00105-00019392-00019759": "just", "boV8hLBPArY-00106-00019487-00019808": "in or number it's just the number of", "boV8hLBPArY-00107-00019759-00019984": "trades", "boV8hLBPArY-00108-00019808-00020192": "that you've put on on a specific", "boV8hLBPArY-00109-00019984-00020256": "strategy and with a large enough sample", "boV8hLBPArY-00110-00020192-00020584": "size", "boV8hLBPArY-00111-00020256-00020704": "it'll validate through statistics your", "boV8hLBPArY-00112-00020584-00020936": "trading edge", "boV8hLBPArY-00113-00020704-00021040": "and ultimately make you money so what i", "boV8hLBPArY-00114-00020936-00021248": "did in today's video", "boV8hLBPArY-00115-00021040-00021400": "is we're going to jump into the screen", "boV8hLBPArY-00116-00021248-00021712": "and i'm going to show you", "boV8hLBPArY-00117-00021400-00022048": "a spreadsheet that basically takes", "boV8hLBPArY-00118-00021712-00022215": "into account the two specific items or", "boV8hLBPArY-00119-00022048-00022384": "pieces to this puzzle that you need to", "boV8hLBPArY-00120-00022215-00022592": "calculate your edge", "boV8hLBPArY-00121-00022384-00022856": "once you have those two numbers then you", "boV8hLBPArY-00122-00022592-00023095": "can determine exactly what your edge is", "boV8hLBPArY-00123-00022856-00023272": "accumulate a large enough sample size", "boV8hLBPArY-00124-00023095-00023504": "and then apply it to your trading with", "boV8hLBPArY-00125-00023272-00023800": "live money in the live markets so that", "boV8hLBPArY-00126-00023504-00024023": "you continuously can grind out a profit", "boV8hLBPArY-00127-00023800-00024143": "day after day week after week month", "boV8hLBPArY-00128-00024023-00024448": "after month", "boV8hLBPArY-00129-00024143-00024576": "and year after year so with that let's", "boV8hLBPArY-00130-00024448-00024648": "jump over to the computer i'm going to", "boV8hLBPArY-00131-00024576-00024831": "show you the", "boV8hLBPArY-00132-00024648-00025056": "two things you need to calculate your", "boV8hLBPArY-00133-00024831-00025215": "edge and as always if you have questions", "boV8hLBPArY-00134-00025056-00025456": "drop them in the comments section thanks", "boV8hLBPArY-00135-00025215-00025495": "for stopping by okay so what i have up", "boV8hLBPArY-00136-00025456-00025719": "here", "boV8hLBPArY-00137-00025495-00025832": "is a spreadsheet with break even", "boV8hLBPArY-00138-00025719-00026016": "calculations", "boV8hLBPArY-00139-00025832-00026247": "now what you need to know about this is", "boV8hLBPArY-00140-00026016-00026312": "these are your reward to risk ratios one", "boV8hLBPArY-00141-00026247-00026480": "to one", "boV8hLBPArY-00142-00026312-00026639": "one point five to one two to one and", "boV8hLBPArY-00143-00026480-00026783": "three to one now these can be whatever", "boV8hLBPArY-00144-00026639-00026880": "you want they could be four to one five", "boV8hLBPArY-00145-00026783-00027136": "to one anything", "boV8hLBPArY-00146-00026880-00027239": "i just picked four four common ones and", "boV8hLBPArY-00147-00027136-00027480": "put them up here", "boV8hLBPArY-00148-00027239-00027680": "what these mean so for example three to", "boV8hLBPArY-00149-00027480-00027888": "one reward to risk ratio is", "boV8hLBPArY-00150-00027680-00028008": "let's say your stop loss on a trade is", "boV8hLBPArY-00151-00027888-00028304": "50 cents", "boV8hLBPArY-00152-00028008-00028408": "that's your risk that's the one now", "boV8hLBPArY-00153-00028304-00028583": "triple that", "boV8hLBPArY-00154-00028408-00028863": "is a dollar fifty so you're risking", "boV8hLBPArY-00155-00028583-00029112": "fifty cents to make a dollar fifty", "boV8hLBPArY-00156-00028863-00029312": "with two to one it'd be a risk of fifty", "boV8hLBPArY-00157-00029112-00029552": "cents to make one dollar", "boV8hLBPArY-00158-00029312-00029752": "with one to one it would be fifty cents", "boV8hLBPArY-00159-00029552-00029847": "to make 50 cents okay so that's what", "boV8hLBPArY-00160-00029752-00030112": "that means", "boV8hLBPArY-00161-00029847-00030175": "and then win rate is ultimately how many", "boV8hLBPArY-00162-00030112-00030480": "times", "boV8hLBPArY-00163-00030175-00030768": "does your trade win does it reach target", "boV8hLBPArY-00164-00030480-00030903": "the target being the one the 1.5 the two", "boV8hLBPArY-00165-00030768-00031272": "or the three", "boV8hLBPArY-00166-00030903-00031519": "so let's say you go through and you", "boV8hLBPArY-00167-00031272-00031736": "put on let's say you put on 10 trades or", "boV8hLBPArY-00168-00031519-00031960": "let's say you put on a thousand trades", "boV8hLBPArY-00169-00031736-00032095": "the first thing you need to do is you", "boV8hLBPArY-00170-00031960-00032368": "need to determine", "boV8hLBPArY-00171-00032095-00032400": "and collect information on the reward to", "boV8hLBPArY-00172-00032368-00032639": "risk", "boV8hLBPArY-00173-00032400-00032808": "ratios for whatever strategy you've", "boV8hLBPArY-00174-00032639-00032936": "determined that you want to use", "boV8hLBPArY-00175-00032808-00033072": "so let's say you get your strategy", "boV8hLBPArY-00176-00032936-00033191": "picked out say it's a moving average", "boV8hLBPArY-00177-00033072-00033352": "crossover and", "boV8hLBPArY-00178-00033191-00033616": "you know exactly when you're going to", "boV8hLBPArY-00179-00033352-00033816": "enter and then what you want to do is", "boV8hLBPArY-00180-00033616-00033991": "you want to pick your stop loss based on", "boV8hLBPArY-00181-00033816-00034208": "whatever strategy you have", "boV8hLBPArY-00182-00033991-00034352": "and once you have that stop loss number", "boV8hLBPArY-00183-00034208-00034552": "that's your risk", "boV8hLBPArY-00184-00034352-00034703": "so now what you can do is you can create", "boV8hLBPArY-00185-00034552-00035088": "a spreadsheet and say", "boV8hLBPArY-00186-00034703-00035312": "okay did this trade go one to one", "boV8hLBPArY-00187-00035088-00035503": "if it did say yes on your spreadsheet if", "boV8hLBPArY-00188-00035312-00035808": "the trade goes 1.5 to 1", "boV8hLBPArY-00189-00035503-00035944": "mark yes if it goes two to one mark yes", "boV8hLBPArY-00190-00035808-00036128": "and let's say it didn't go to three to", "boV8hLBPArY-00191-00035944-00036328": "one then you'd say no so you're", "boV8hLBPArY-00192-00036128-00036640": "collecting data on whether or not", "boV8hLBPArY-00193-00036328-00036944": "a certain reward to risk ratio one", "boV8hLBPArY-00194-00036640-00037080": "or lost once you have all that data", "boV8hLBPArY-00195-00036944-00037288": "collected", "boV8hLBPArY-00196-00037080-00037472": "you're then going to be able to tell", "boV8hLBPArY-00197-00037288-00037552": "what percentage of the time did you win", "boV8hLBPArY-00198-00037472-00037728": "and lose", "boV8hLBPArY-00199-00037552-00037928": "so you will effectively have your win", "boV8hLBPArY-00200-00037728-00038000": "rate so the first thing that you're", "boV8hLBPArY-00201-00037928-00038168": "going to need the first", "boV8hLBPArY-00202-00038000-00038328": "piece to this puzzle for calculating", "boV8hLBPArY-00203-00038168-00038416": "your edge is you're going to need your", "boV8hLBPArY-00204-00038328-00038768": "reward", "boV8hLBPArY-00205-00038416-00039103": "to risk ratio you need these", "boV8hLBPArY-00206-00038768-00039360": "okay now the second piece to this puzzle", "boV8hLBPArY-00207-00039103-00039560": "is going to be your win rate which comes", "boV8hLBPArY-00208-00039360-00039936": "as a result", "boV8hLBPArY-00209-00039560-00040240": "of back testing 50 to 100 times", "boV8hLBPArY-00210-00039936-00040408": "using a specific setup and a specific", "boV8hLBPArY-00211-00040240-00040631": "reward to risk ratio", "boV8hLBPArY-00212-00040408-00040831": "now don't collect just one risk to", "boV8hLBPArY-00213-00040631-00041063": "reward or reward to risk ratio", "boV8hLBPArY-00214-00040831-00041159": "collect more than one collect four i", "boV8hLBPArY-00215-00041063-00041336": "would say no", "boV8hLBPArY-00216-00041159-00041528": "no fewer than four that way you can", "boV8hLBPArY-00217-00041336-00041719": "compare them now", "boV8hLBPArY-00218-00041528-00041831": "as you go through these what you need to", "boV8hLBPArY-00219-00041719-00042031": "do is keep track", "boV8hLBPArY-00220-00041831-00042159": "of how many times you're winning and how", "boV8hLBPArY-00221-00042031-00042536": "many times you're losing", "boV8hLBPArY-00222-00042159-00042736": "for each reward to risk ratio column", "boV8hLBPArY-00223-00042536-00042896": "once you have that figured out then you", "boV8hLBPArY-00224-00042736-00043040": "can go ahead and you can plug these", "boV8hLBPArY-00225-00042896-00043336": "in and you'll know your exact", "boV8hLBPArY-00226-00043040-00043600": "percentages for each one", "boV8hLBPArY-00227-00043336-00043840": "and now you might be saying oh i know", "boV8hLBPArY-00228-00043600-00043952": "exactly what my win percentage is now i", "boV8hLBPArY-00229-00043840-00044231": "can calculate", "boV8hLBPArY-00230-00043952-00044359": "my trading edge well not quite yet", "boV8hLBPArY-00231-00044231-00044440": "because i want to show you another", "boV8hLBPArY-00232-00044359-00044728": "example", "boV8hLBPArY-00233-00044440-00044912": "the sort of third thing that i haven't", "boV8hLBPArY-00234-00044728-00045216": "discussed yet which is", "boV8hLBPArY-00235-00044912-00045416": "actual dollar value of the wins so you", "boV8hLBPArY-00236-00045216-00045519": "might see seventy percent i just made", "boV8hLBPArY-00237-00045416-00045712": "these up i said", "boV8hLBPArY-00238-00045519-00045831": "let's say that this hypothetical trading", "boV8hLBPArY-00239-00045712-00046128": "plan i come up with", "boV8hLBPArY-00240-00045831-00046240": "let's say it wins seventy percent on one", "boV8hLBPArY-00241-00046128-00046472": "to one", "boV8hLBPArY-00242-00046240-00046568": "ten percent when we do one point five to", "boV8hLBPArY-00243-00046472-00046791": "one", "boV8hLBPArY-00244-00046568-00046952": "twenty percent at two to one and fifty", "boV8hLBPArY-00245-00046791-00047175": "percent for three to one", "boV8hLBPArY-00246-00046952-00047272": "you might say okay seventy percent i've", "boV8hLBPArY-00247-00047175-00047503": "got this column", "boV8hLBPArY-00248-00047272-00047696": "we're good to go my edge now i can", "boV8hLBPArY-00249-00047503-00047936": "calculate i'm good to go", "boV8hLBPArY-00250-00047696-00048128": "well hold on one second because while", "boV8hLBPArY-00251-00047936-00048344": "seventy percent is good", "boV8hLBPArY-00252-00048128-00048536": "if you actually do the calculations say", "boV8hLBPArY-00253-00048344-00048791": "you take ten trades", "boV8hLBPArY-00254-00048536-00048984": "and on each trade your risk value is one", "boV8hLBPArY-00255-00048791-00049287": "hundred dollars", "boV8hLBPArY-00256-00048984-00049447": "then this scenario right here if you win", "boV8hLBPArY-00257-00049287-00049647": "seventy percent of the time you win", "boV8hLBPArY-00258-00049447-00049863": "seven and lose three", "boV8hLBPArY-00259-00049647-00050047": "your profits are actually going to be", "boV8hLBPArY-00260-00049863-00050440": "four hundred dollars", "boV8hLBPArY-00261-00050047-00050591": "okay so that's good but let's come down", "boV8hLBPArY-00262-00050440-00050752": "here to the three to one let's come down", "boV8hLBPArY-00263-00050591-00051112": "to this column", "boV8hLBPArY-00264-00050752-00051600": "if you win five times and you lose", "boV8hLBPArY-00265-00051112-00051736": "five times your profit", "boV8hLBPArY-00266-00051600-00051936": "and actually let me make it bigger for", "boV8hLBPArY-00267-00051736-00052264": "you", "boV8hLBPArY-00268-00051936-00052576": "is actually going to be", "boV8hLBPArY-00269-00052264-00052576": "one thousand dollars", "boV8hLBPArY-00270-00052679-00053127": "so you're winning a lesser percentage of", "boV8hLBPArY-00271-00052951-00053455": "time your win rate dropped", "boV8hLBPArY-00272-00053127-00053632": "by 20 percent but because your reward to", "boV8hLBPArY-00273-00053455-00053912": "risk ratio is higher", "boV8hLBPArY-00274-00053632-00054112": "you actually make more money so what you", "boV8hLBPArY-00275-00053912-00054383": "need to do is get your reward to risk", "boV8hLBPArY-00276-00054112-00054544": "ratio figured out that you want to track", "boV8hLBPArY-00277-00054383-00054776": "and find out which one is working the", "boV8hLBPArY-00278-00054544-00054983": "best or winning the most", "boV8hLBPArY-00279-00054776-00055095": "and then once you have those win rates", "boV8hLBPArY-00280-00054983-00055383": "set out", "boV8hLBPArY-00281-00055095-00055472": "then you need to go through each one and", "boV8hLBPArY-00282-00055383-00055664": "see", "boV8hLBPArY-00283-00055472-00055879": "what if you apply a dollar value i like", "boV8hLBPArY-00284-00055664-00055983": "to just do you know if you did 10 trades", "boV8hLBPArY-00285-00055879-00056295": "it makes it simple", "boV8hLBPArY-00286-00055983-00056344": "if you did 10 trades you won seven lost", "boV8hLBPArY-00287-00056295-00056608": "three", "boV8hLBPArY-00288-00056344-00056664": "on this one you won one and lost nine", "boV8hLBPArY-00289-00056608-00056888": "you won", "boV8hLBPArY-00290-00056664-00056967": "two and lost eight and on this one you", "boV8hLBPArY-00291-00056888-00057191": "won five", "boV8hLBPArY-00292-00056967-00057295": "and you lost five just make a simple", "boV8hLBPArY-00293-00057191-00057639": "calculation of", "boV8hLBPArY-00294-00057295-00057839": "if i risk a hundred dollars on each one", "boV8hLBPArY-00295-00057639-00057944": "then what would be my profit and you", "boV8hLBPArY-00296-00057839-00058200": "just say here", "boV8hLBPArY-00297-00057944-00058279": "okay if i win i win 100 if i lose i lose", "boV8hLBPArY-00298-00058200-00058583": "100.", "boV8hLBPArY-00299-00058279-00058888": "over here when i win i win 300", "boV8hLBPArY-00300-00058583-00059016": "when i lose i lose 100. now you can see", "boV8hLBPArY-00301-00058888-00059248": "the power there", "boV8hLBPArY-00302-00059016-00059336": "so a lot of people will be sort of in", "boV8hLBPArY-00303-00059248-00059479": "the middle", "boV8hLBPArY-00304-00059336-00059639": "i don't know many people that trade with", "boV8hLBPArY-00305-00059479-00059744": "one to one and i don't know many people", "boV8hLBPArY-00306-00059639-00059936": "who trade with", "boV8hLBPArY-00307-00059744-00060088": "four to one and five to one usually", "boV8hLBPArY-00308-00059936-00060288": "people try to come in the center where", "boV8hLBPArY-00309-00060088-00060536": "they get a higher win rate", "boV8hLBPArY-00310-00060288-00060664": "but they're getting a larger reward risk", "boV8hLBPArY-00311-00060536-00060920": "ratio they're not", "boV8hLBPArY-00312-00060664-00061127": "staying in this one to one sort of one", "boV8hLBPArY-00313-00060920-00061336": "step forward one step back scenario", "boV8hLBPArY-00314-00061127-00061448": "they're actually 1.5 or two to one and", "boV8hLBPArY-00315-00061336-00061672": "me personally", "boV8hLBPArY-00316-00061448-00061864": "i do all my trading at two to one so i", "boV8hLBPArY-00317-00061672-00062088": "want to take two steps forward", "boV8hLBPArY-00318-00061864-00062183": "one step back when i lose two steps", "boV8hLBPArY-00319-00062088-00062367": "forward when i win", "boV8hLBPArY-00320-00062183-00062488": "one step back when i lose because", "boV8hLBPArY-00321-00062367-00062783": "ultimately i know", "boV8hLBPArY-00322-00062488-00062983": "if i catch a string of losers at a two", "boV8hLBPArY-00323-00062783-00063224": "to one risk to reward ratio", "boV8hLBPArY-00324-00062983-00063407": "i can make up ground very quickly once i", "boV8hLBPArY-00325-00063224-00063632": "catch a small cluster of winners", "boV8hLBPArY-00326-00063407-00063727": "which i know should be coming down the", "boV8hLBPArY-00327-00063632-00064000": "pike because", "boV8hLBPArY-00328-00063727-00064039": "i have trading edge so now you're asking", "boV8hLBPArY-00329-00064000-00064200": "my", "boV8hLBPArY-00330-00064039-00064344": "you might be saying to me jimmy what's", "boV8hLBPArY-00331-00064200-00064648": "my trading edge now", "boV8hLBPArY-00332-00064344-00065007": "if i decide okay i'm going with this one", "boV8hLBPArY-00333-00064648-00065295": "it's fifty percent win rate it is", "boV8hLBPArY-00334-00065007-00065383": "three to one and i made a thousand", "boV8hLBPArY-00335-00065295-00065695": "dollars", "boV8hLBPArY-00336-00065383-00065768": "how do i calculate my edge and what you", "boV8hLBPArY-00337-00065695-00066016": "do", "boV8hLBPArY-00338-00065768-00066168": "is you basically say where's your break", "boV8hLBPArY-00339-00066016-00066416": "even point", "boV8hLBPArY-00340-00066168-00066544": "and from that point to wherever you are", "boV8hLBPArY-00341-00066416-00066912": "is your edge", "boV8hLBPArY-00342-00066544-00067127": "so on these calculations for one to one", "boV8hLBPArY-00343-00066912-00067216": "one to one one point five two to one and", "boV8hLBPArY-00344-00067127-00067448": "three to one", "boV8hLBPArY-00345-00067216-00067536": "the break even percentages are right", "boV8hLBPArY-00346-00067448-00067792": "here", "boV8hLBPArY-00347-00067536-00067864": "so in order to break even on three to", "boV8hLBPArY-00348-00067792-00068176": "one", "boV8hLBPArY-00349-00067864-00068439": "you have to win 25 of the time", "boV8hLBPArY-00350-00068176-00068512": "if you win 26 of the time you're", "boV8hLBPArY-00351-00068439-00068912": "profitable", "boV8hLBPArY-00352-00068512-00069088": "if you stay consistent so from 25", "boV8hLBPArY-00353-00068912-00069224": "up to 50 which is your winning", "boV8hLBPArY-00354-00069088-00069527": "percentage that", "boV8hLBPArY-00355-00069224-00069816": "25 difference that", "boV8hLBPArY-00356-00069527-00070032": "is your trading edge so this is how you", "boV8hLBPArY-00357-00069816-00070127": "calculate it you go from your break-even", "boV8hLBPArY-00358-00070032-00070439": "point", "boV8hLBPArY-00359-00070127-00070776": "to whatever your specific win rate is", "boV8hLBPArY-00360-00070439-00071063": "and that difference is your trading edge", "boV8hLBPArY-00361-00070776-00071160": "and you have to be very aware of the", "boV8hLBPArY-00362-00071063-00071368": "dollar amount", "boV8hLBPArY-00363-00071160-00071607": "of the profit so that you can make the", "boV8hLBPArY-00364-00071368-00071856": "best decision for your trading strategy", "boV8hLBPArY-00365-00071607-00071920": "because at face value a lot of people", "boV8hLBPArY-00366-00071856-00072104": "might have said", "boV8hLBPArY-00367-00071920-00072351": "let's take the seventy percent it's a", "boV8hLBPArY-00368-00072104-00072551": "larger win rate it's a larger number", "boV8hLBPArY-00369-00072351-00072720": "relative to a hundred percent this might", "boV8hLBPArY-00370-00072551-00072968": "be more attractive or more appealing", "boV8hLBPArY-00371-00072720-00073176": "and we can even take this lower and we", "boV8hLBPArY-00372-00072968-00073512": "could do that calculation right now", "boV8hLBPArY-00373-00073176-00073624": "so let's say that on this one so if we", "boV8hLBPArY-00374-00073512-00073856": "won", "boV8hLBPArY-00375-00073624-00073976": "let's make this 30 percent okay let's", "boV8hLBPArY-00376-00073856-00074256": "say you won", "boV8hLBPArY-00377-00073976-00074368": "30 percent of the time and you risked a", "boV8hLBPArY-00378-00074256-00074616": "hundred dollars", "boV8hLBPArY-00379-00074368-00074783": "so that means you had three winners at a", "boV8hLBPArY-00380-00074616-00075056": "hundred dollars", "boV8hLBPArY-00381-00074783-00075151": "and each winner is 300 up 300 bucks so", "boV8hLBPArY-00382-00075056-00075424": "that would be", "boV8hLBPArY-00383-00075151-00075568": "nine hundred dollars write that down so", "boV8hLBPArY-00384-00075424-00075872": "nine hundred dollars", "boV8hLBPArY-00385-00075568-00075951": "now the other seven trades you lost so", "boV8hLBPArY-00386-00075872-00076232": "you lost", "boV8hLBPArY-00387-00075951-00076351": "one you lost 100 on each one so that's", "boV8hLBPArY-00388-00076232-00076872": "900", "boV8hLBPArY-00389-00076351-00076872": "minus 700. so where does that put you", "boV8hLBPArY-00390-00076880-00077416": "profit of 200.", "boV8hLBPArY-00391-00077200-00077632": "so do you see how that works so at a", "boV8hLBPArY-00392-00077416-00077832": "thirty percent win rate", "boV8hLBPArY-00393-00077632-00077951": "on this three to one you're going to", "boV8hLBPArY-00394-00077832-00078295": "make 200", "boV8hLBPArY-00395-00077951-00078544": "on 10 trades now over here", "boV8hLBPArY-00396-00078295-00078704": "on those same 10 trades at seventy", "boV8hLBPArY-00397-00078544-00078920": "percent on a one to one", "boV8hLBPArY-00398-00078704-00079088": "you would make four hundred dollars so", "boV8hLBPArY-00399-00078920-00079144": "you can start to see how you can compare", "boV8hLBPArY-00400-00079088-00079416": "these", "boV8hLBPArY-00401-00079144-00079544": "it's all on the ratio that reward to", "boV8hLBPArY-00402-00079416-00079888": "risk ratio", "boV8hLBPArY-00403-00079544-00080080": "as well as the win rate percent", "boV8hLBPArY-00404-00079888-00080256": "and then you look at the dollar amount", "boV8hLBPArY-00405-00080080-00080336": "so that you can see which is the most", "boV8hLBPArY-00406-00080256-00080632": "profitable", "boV8hLBPArY-00407-00080336-00080783": "for your trading strategy so i want all", "boV8hLBPArY-00408-00080632-00080936": "of you to ask a question in the comments", "boV8hLBPArY-00409-00080783-00081095": "below if you have a question", "boV8hLBPArY-00410-00080936-00081263": "ask it because i want to help people", "boV8hLBPArY-00411-00081095-00081407": "dive deeper i've gotten a lot of", "boV8hLBPArY-00412-00081263-00081600": "questions about this recently so", "boV8hLBPArY-00413-00081407-00081736": "i wanted to put this out here so that", "boV8hLBPArY-00414-00081600-00082024": "people can start to understand", "boV8hLBPArY-00415-00081736-00082160": "what edge is and how to go about finding", "boV8hLBPArY-00416-00082024-00082224": "it because it's kind of a mysterious", "boV8hLBPArY-00417-00082160-00082416": "thing", "boV8hLBPArY-00418-00082224-00082568": "and it doesn't have to be so if you have", "boV8hLBPArY-00419-00082416-00082760": "questions post them below", "boV8hLBPArY-00420-00082568-00082912": "if we need to do another video we can do", "boV8hLBPArY-00421-00082760-00084319": "that let me know", "boV8hLBPArY-00422-00082912-00084527": "and we'll see you next time", "boV8hLBPArY-00423-00084319-00084527": "you"}}, {"audio_id": "b0dalcpVXhQ", "text": {"b0dalcpVXhQ-00000-00000000-00000200": "I wanted to..."}}, {"audio_id": "b0hw7irDaHI", "text": {"b0hw7irDaHI-00000-00000009-00000239": "The mushrooms said to me once a", "b0hw7irDaHI-00001-00000361-00000561": "nature loves courage", "b0hw7irDaHI-00002-00000652-00001017": "nature loves courage and I said", "b0hw7irDaHI-00003-00001080-00001775": "What's the payoff on that and it said it shows you that it loves courage because it will remove obstacles", "b0hw7irDaHI-00004-00001882-00002484": "You'll make the commitment and make sure we'll respond to that commitment by", "b0hw7irDaHI-00005-00002581-00002781": "removing impossible obstacles", "b0hw7irDaHI-00006-00002863-00003582": "Dream the impossible dream and the world will not run you under it will lift you up", "b0hw7irDaHI-00007-00003657-00003911": "This is the trick. This is what all these", "b0hw7irDaHI-00008-00004062-00004221": "Teachers and", "b0hw7irDaHI-00009-00004221-00004820": "Philosophers who really counted who really touched the alchemical gold. This is what they understood", "b0hw7irDaHI-00010-00004821-00005555": "This is the shamanic dance in the waterfall. This is how magic is done? It's done by hurling yourself", "b0hw7irDaHI-00011-00005611-00005811": "into the abyss and", "b0hw7irDaHI-00012-00005812-00006012": "discovering that it's a featherbed and", "b0hw7irDaHI-00013-00006112-00006312": "There's no other way to do it", "b0hw7irDaHI-00014-00006348-00006965": "This is why I have always taken the position that as modern people, you know", "b0hw7irDaHI-00015-00006965-00007165": "we can't go out and", "b0hw7irDaHI-00016-00007215-00007763": "set armies marching or launch religions and who would want to anyhow, but", "b0hw7irDaHI-00017-00007840-00008318": "To the people who say adventure has fled. It's all humdrum", "b0hw7irDaHI-00018-00008329-00009029": "I just know you know that they have forgotten the five grams of suicide them sitting in their refrigerator", "b0hw7irDaHI-00019-00009179-00009379": "I", "b0hw7irDaHI-00020-00009540-00009752": "Mean Magellan may have had", "b0hw7irDaHI-00021-00009814-00010316": "Excitement rounding the horn but you in your living room later tonight", "b0hw7irDaHI-00022-00010357-00010628": "can put him in the shade if", "b0hw7irDaHI-00023-00010675-00011336": "You have the courage to do the things that are necessary to do and we know what they are", "b0hw7irDaHI-00024-00011336-00011909": "And of course the first thing to do is to tell society to fuck off because they don't know what's wrong"}}, {"audio_id": "b0hETy2x9D4", "text": {"b0hETy2x9D4-00000-00000004-00000158": "Hey, it's Amejin!", "b0hETy2x9D4-00001-00000168-00000760": "Recently, I talked with one of my  Japanese friends about the word \"asobu\"", "b0hETy2x9D4-00002-00000770-00001226": "What do you all think \"abobu\" 's English translation is?", "b0hETy2x9D4-00003-00002736-00003012": "What is \"asobu\" in English...?", "b0hETy2x9D4-00004-00003268-00003374": "\"to play\"", "b0hETy2x9D4-00005-00003452-00003744": "That's half right", "b0hETy2x9D4-00006-00003784-00004148": "In actually, adults would not use that translation", "b0hETy2x9D4-00007-00004162-00004490": "If adults used it like that, it would look like this:", "b0hETy2x9D4-00008-00005224-00005300": "Yup!", "b0hETy2x9D4-00009-00005314-00005482": "You become a pervert", "b0hETy2x9D4-00010-00005500-00005802": "Well then, who can use \"to play\" like this?", "b0hETy2x9D4-00011-00005818-00005906": "The answer is:", "b0hETy2x9D4-00012-00005906-00006052": "CHILDREN", "b0hETy2x9D4-00013-00006068-00006274": "And ONLY children", "b0hETy2x9D4-00014-00006282-00006576": "Adults can use \"to play\" in this way towards children,", "b0hETy2x9D4-00015-00006580-00006966": "but if adults say it like that to each other, then it gets weird", "b0hETy2x9D4-00016-00006981-00007290": "Well then, what should adults say for \"asobu\"?", "b0hETy2x9D4-00017-00007308-00007412": "That would be:", "b0hETy2x9D4-00018-00007959-00008080": "The past-tense is:", "b0hETy2x9D4-00019-00009156-00009432": "Children don't really \"hang out\"", "b0hETy2x9D4-00020-00009458-00009590": "Instead, they \"play\"", "b0hETy2x9D4-00021-00009612-00009948": "And adults don't \"play\",", "b0hETy2x9D4-00022-00009964-00010116": "they \"hang out\"", "b0hETy2x9D4-00023-00010146-00010638": "In Japanese, \"hang out\" and \"play\" in this sense are the same word: \"asobu\"", "b0hETy2x9D4-00024-00010638-00011018": "There are some who are bound to mix up the two when they speak English", "b0hETy2x9D4-00025-00011030-00011482": "Well, that's it!  Please like, comment, and subscribe!", "b0hETy2x9D4-00026-00011500-00011720": "Bye bye~ Peace, guys!"}}, {"audio_id": "b0zHk_WTRJk", "text": {"b0zHk_WTRJk-00000-00001098-00001226": "Chapter 1.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00001-00001226-00001407": "Know Thy Self.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00002-00001407-00002048": "“The more you know yourself, the more patience you have, for what you see in others.”", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00003-00002048-00002511": "Knowing who you are, is a very crucial aspect of healing yourself.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00004-00002511-00003039": "How can you avoid a disaster, if you are simply floating through life, with no clear sense", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00005-00003039-00003379": "of what you stand for, and what you refuse to tolerate?", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00006-00003379-00004048": "There is a reason, why the small town girl with big dreams, who gets to the big city,", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00007-00004048-00004630": "often ends up in some miserable and dare I say, compromising, situation.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00008-00004630-00005150": "Think too of the unhappy Doctor, who is only a Doctor because his parents, decided that", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00009-00005150-00005546": "he needed to become the first Doctor, in their family.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00010-00005546-00006009": "What about the hen picked mama’s boy who dates a girl, he cannot stand because it makes", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00011-00006009-00006209": "his mother happy?", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00012-00006209-00006388": "These three have a lot in common.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00013-00006388-00006945": "Their problem can be explained, in the old saying, that points out that if we do not", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00014-00006945-00007409": "know, where we are going, any road will be the right one.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00015-00007409-00007966": "And better yet, ‘if we do not stand for something, we will fall for anything.'", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00016-00007966-00008631": "In other words, if we do not understand ourselves, this includes our hopes, dreams, and aspirations,", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00017-00008631-00009211": "it will be easy for just about anyone, to push us into a decision we will regret, for", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00018-00009211-00009428": "the rest of our lives.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00019-00009428-00009949": "Living down a choice you regret, especially if you have to face, its consequences on a", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00020-00009949-00010552": "daily basis, is going to be one, of the hardest things you have ever had to do.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00021-00010552-00011149": "Living with the burden of these choices, is part of the reason, many people are so bitter,", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00022-00011149-00011292": "and unkind.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00023-00011292-00011731": "This is not the way I want you to navigate, through your life.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00024-00011731-00012366": "When we take the time to understand, who we truly are, the intricacies of our own personalities,", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00025-00012366-00012706": "we will have the keys to unlock our true potential.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00026-00012706-00013204": "You cannot become your best self, if you do not know what that entails.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00027-00013204-00013704": "When you understand yourself, you are more likely to end up choosing a career, that you", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00028-00013704-00013844": "love.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00029-00013844-00014262": "And it is quite easy to be passionately driven to achieve great things when you are pursuing", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00030-00014262-00014516": "a career, that you love.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00031-00014516-00015050": "Additionally, when you are at the top of your game, you will seek out the kind of partners,", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00032-00015050-00015548": "and friends that will make you happy, and thus bring out the best in you.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00033-00015548-00016109": "They will understand the way you think, and may very well think the same way you do too.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00034-00016109-00016620": "These are the kind of people, who will not laugh at your dreams, or be jealous of your", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00035-00016620-00016745": "success.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00036-00016745-00017310": "Being surrounded by loving, supportive people, will make you a kinder, happier and dare I", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00037-00017310-00017654": "say, more successful person.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00038-00017654-00018251": "Individuals who have a deep understanding, of themselves, are often more decisive, and", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00039-00018251-00018351": "optimistic.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00040-00018351-00018831": "That is because these individuals, are in full control of their life choices, and they", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00041-00018831-00018951": "chose well.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00042-00018951-00019428": "They are more likely to see opportunities, where others see setbacks.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00043-00019428-00019998": "It also takes far less effort, to be productive when you enjoy what you do.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00044-00019998-00020498": "Additionally, the fact that you enjoy your career will give you, a competitive edge,", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00045-00020498-00020867": "and you will not depend on the praise of others for motivation.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00046-00020867-00021392": "The satisfaction of a job well done, will keep you pushing forward.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00047-00021392-00021973": "I know that these may seem like ideal circumstances, where our choices are not dependent, on the", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00048-00021973-00022498": "desires of our family, and where we are all strong enough, not to succumb to the pressure", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00049-00022498-00022884": "they will put on us, to make a certain decision.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00050-00022884-00023493": "But believe me, knowing and truly understanding yourself, will open doors to opportunities,", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00051-00023493-00023716": "you would have never seen coming otherwise.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00052-00023716-00024254": "It will be easier for you to stand up to the pressures around you, when you know without", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00053-00024254-00024540": "a doubt, what the right decision for you will be.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00054-00024540-00025206": "I am not encouraging you to shrug your responsibilities, of providing for your family, I am encouraging", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00055-00025206-00025625": "you to understand who you are and be true to who you are at all times.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00056-00025625-00026191": "You will be much happier as a result, and far easier to love, when you are not carrying", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00057-00026191-00026627": "the heavy weight of a bad decision around, for the rest of your life.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00058-00026627-00026964": "How, to Get to Know Yourself.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00059-00026964-00027386": "This is easier said than done, but it is not impossible.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00060-00027386-00027698": "You can start with some objective assessment.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00061-00027698-00028200": "This does not mean simply asking the people around, what they think of you.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00062-00028200-00028651": "Your interactions with them, whether negative or positive, will prevent them from", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00063-00028651-00028869": "being as objective, as you need them to be.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00064-00028869-00029452": "A better option would be making use of a reputable personality test.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00065-00029452-00029937": "One of the popular options is the Myers-Briggs Personality type test.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00066-00029937-00030476": "This test will determine which of the 16 personality types, of this theory best describes who you", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00067-00030476-00030606": "are.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00068-00030606-00031161": "It has gained popularity in recent times, because its results can be used to determine,", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00069-00031161-00031733": "the environment you work best in, and even how you interact with the people around you.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00070-00031733-00032300": "Plus whether you like the results, or not they tend to be surprisingly accurate.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00071-00032300-00032695": "Career aptitude tests, are another great option.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00072-00032695-00033171": "These are designed to help you understand, your skill set better, and how you can use", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00073-00033171-00033522": "these skills, to select the right career.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00074-00033522-00033908": "It is never too late to start a career that you can love.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00075-00033908-00034451": "Once you have a carefully thought out, plan that will allow you to care for your responsibilities,", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00076-00034451-00034827": "and still venture into a field that you love, go for it.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00077-00034827-00035359": "It might be a case that money is tight, and you are already strapped for time, and may", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00078-00035359-00035660": "not be able to make a move right now.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00079-00035660-00036036": "But I would encourage you to continue preparing yourself.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00080-00036036-00036580": "Keep learning all that you can about that career online, or from the people around you.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00081-00036580-00037149": "That way, if the opportunity should arise, you will be in a position to take it.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00082-00037149-00037637": "Once you have taken the time to learn about yourself, you may find some dirty laundry,", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00083-00037637-00038096": "and hidden scars that you probably would have rather kept hidden.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00084-00038096-00038564": "Unfortunately, you have been wearing these scars every day, in the way you interact with", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00085-00038564-00038760": "those around you.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00086-00038760-00039224": "These scars could have made you too soft to express, how you feel or too cold to care", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00087-00039224-00039411": "about the feelings of others.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00088-00039411-00040009": "Now that you can see yourself clearly, become the best version of yourself.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00089-00040009-00040181": "Love yourself.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00090-00040181-00040557": "And above all else, be true to yourself.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00091-00040557-00041042": "Knowing your limits, is another important skill to master, in order to navigate through", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00092-00041042-00041271": "this crazy world successfully.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00093-00041271-00041600": "This will be discussed in the next chapter.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00094-00041600-00041886": "Chapter, 2.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00095-00041886-00042315": "– Know, Thy Limits.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00096-00042315-00042607": "“A great man is always willing to be little.”", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00097-00042607-00043306": "A key aspect, of the results of a Myers-Briggs Personality type test, is the section which", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00098-00043306-00043536": "outlines your strengths, and weakness.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00099-00043536-00044114": "A lot of the mistakes we make, and problems we encounter could have been avoided altogether", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00100-00044114-00044534": "if we were a little more knowledgeable, about our limitations.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00101-00044534-00045136": "Just think about an eager weightlifter, who tries to lift too much, too soon.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00102-00045136-00045384": "What do you think will happen?", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00103-00045384-00045979": "Any rational individual will realize, that the weightlifter is going to hurt themselves.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00104-00045979-00046431": "Some will argue that this illustration is encouraging us to limit ourselves, and if", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00105-00046431-00047003": "we do, and stop pushing ourselves, we will never know our true potential.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00106-00047003-00047473": "There is no limit, to what you can achieve if you set your mind to it, and sometimes", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00107-00047473-00047830": "you will never know how strong you are until you try.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00108-00047830-00048498": "You need to, however, ensure that reason, and logic prevail when reaching out, to achieve", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00109-00048498-00048604": "your goals.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00110-00048604-00049146": "If you have never lifted 100 pounds, maybe starting with 20 pounds today would be a better", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00111-00049146-00049294": "idea.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00112-00049294-00049735": "There is nothing wrong with thinking big, but I would encourage you to start small,", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00113-00049735-00049900": "and work your way up.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00114-00049900-00050394": "In essence, I am encouraging you to be modest in your expectations.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00115-00050394-00051028": "Modesty will not only help you to avoid setting unrealistic expectations, it will also help", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00116-00051028-00051445": "you to set realistic time frames to achieve your goals.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00117-00051445-00051907": "Many people become frustrated, when they reach a certain age and have not achieved a certain", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00118-00051907-00052007": "goal.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00119-00052007-00052587": "But just consider the contrast between Mark Zuckerberg, and Colonel Sanders.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00120-00052587-00053094": "Mark Zuckerberg founded his Facebook empire in his early twenty’s, but Colonel Sanders", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00121-00053094-00053772": "did not become the founder, of Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC) until he was in his eighty’s.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00122-00053772-00054417": "Both men are considered highly successful, but each achieved success at different times.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00123-00054417-00054937": "Maybe it’s just not your time, or maybe you are just not in the right industry.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00124-00054937-00055464": "As highlighted in chapter 1, choosing a career in a field you love, will help you to stay", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00125-00055464-00055757": "motivated and become successful.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00126-00055757-00056133": "This theory is demonstrated in the lives of both of these men.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00127-00056133-00056575": "Their success was as a result of a passion for something they loved.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00128-00056575-00057111": "A modest approach to life, will also help you to avoid comparing your achievements,", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00129-00057111-00057332": "to those of other people.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00130-00057332-00057752": "Some people hit the ball out of the park on the first try, and there are others who have", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00131-00057752-00058006": "to work their way up the ladder.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00132-00058006-00058477": "Some will get married right out of college, others will have to wait a few years, and", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00133-00058477-00058775": "kiss a few frogs before they find the right person.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00134-00058775-00059438": "In fact, both Mark Zuckerberg and Colonel Sanders experienced many setbacks on the way", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00135-00059438-00059538": "to success.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00136-00059538-00059673": "You will too.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00137-00059673-00059948": "Do not expect that your life will be different.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00138-00059948-00060462": "No matter what you hope to achieve, you are going to have to work harder, than you have", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00139-00060462-00060925": "ever worked before, and you may have to wait longer than you expected too.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00140-00060925-00061526": "The beautiful quality, of modesty extends far beyond becoming successful.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00141-00061526-00062045": "This is a quality that will help you to stop biting off more, than you can chew.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00142-00062045-00062354": "You do not need to say yes to everyone.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00143-00062354-00062731": "This applies both to your personal life, and at work.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00144-00062731-00063231": "Don’t agree to unreasonable deadlines because you want to impress your boss, unless you", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00145-00063231-00063706": "are 100% sure you will be able to complete the task.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00146-00063706-00064133": "If you have been given an assignment, and you are unsure about how to get it done, do", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00147-00064133-00064416": "not be afraid to ask for help.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00148-00064416-00064891": "If you work a full-time job and have a family to take care of, don’t commit to too much", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00149-00064891-00065125": "at your child’s school.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00150-00065125-00065300": "Know thy limits!", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00151-00065300-00065787": "This applies to your time, energy, emotions, and skills.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00152-00065787-00066297": "Modesty works hand in hand with honesty, the next chapter will explain you can heal yourself,", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00153-00066297-00066662": "and improve your life by means of this quality as well.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00154-00066662-00066842": "Chapter, 3.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00155-00066842-00067020": "– Be Honest.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00156-00067020-00067554": "“Honesty is the fastest way to prevent a mistake from turning into a failure.”", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00157-00067554-00067919": "The only thing worse than a liar, is a thief.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00158-00067919-00068487": "Liars make life difficult, and often do not realize the far-reaching effects of their", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00159-00068487-00068587": "actions.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00160-00068587-00069083": "Lying makes us unhappy people, who constantly have to be covering our tracks, and watching", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00161-00069083-00069183": "our backs.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00162-00069183-00069594": "In fact, there are few things as toxic as a liar.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00163-00069594-00070257": "We should never allow the negativity in this world to force us, to become dishonest people.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00164-00070257-00070711": "Lying will only put you closer to the door, that leads to cheating and stealing.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00165-00070711-00070983": "Quit while you are ahead.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00166-00070983-00071466": "Just think about the possible outcomes of a single act of dishonesty and that is, Permanent", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00167-00071466-00072055": "damage to your reputation, Permanent damage to your relationships, loss of income, Loss", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00168-00072055-00072606": "of self-respect, Permanently damaging the reputation of another individual, Feelings", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00169-00072606-00073267": "of guilt, Loss of sleep, Loss of trust, If you research the word honesty, you find synonyms", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00170-00073267-00073912": "such as honor, sincerity, fairness, integrity, uprightness, virtue and truthfulness.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00171-00073912-00074418": "Being honest requires more than not lying when in a difficult situation.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00172-00074418-00074813": "Being honest, requires being morally upright, in all things.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00173-00074813-00075422": "In other words, we will try to be truthful in all things, and gain the trust of those", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00174-00075422-00075706": "around us, by means of our actions.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00175-00075706-00075970": "But honesty is a very tricky thing.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00176-00075970-00076399": "It is hard to list all the areas in which we need to be honest.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00177-00076399-00077030": "A good rule of thumb, if you are unsure if an act is honest, or not, is whether you have", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00178-00077030-00077507": "to hide it or deceive, someone into believing you did otherwise.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00179-00077507-00078057": "If you will need to hide, or cover your tracks after doing, or saying something, you are", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00180-00078057-00078298": "probably not being honest.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00181-00078298-00078830": "The benefits of being honest, far outweigh any challenges you may perceive, as a result", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00182-00078830-00078947": "of this course.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00183-00078947-00079498": "Think of the peace of mind, of not having to rethink your every move, or watching over", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00184-00079498-00080073": "your shoulder, because you are constantly, in fear of being found out.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00185-00080073-00080555": "Imagine waking up, and not being burdened, by the heavy guilt as a result of your actions.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00186-00080555-00081061": "And don’t be fooled into thinking, that no one benefits from your honesty.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00187-00081061-00081631": "It is very easy to become attracted to, and to respect someone who is honest.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00188-00081631-00082292": "Most employers, include that quality as being of the utmost importance, when seeking new", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00189-00082292-00082883": "recruits, or considering a possible promotion, of someone within their organization.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00190-00082883-00083380": "Being honest does not mean, that we should volunteer all of our confidential, affairs", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00191-00083380-00083662": "to everyone who is trying to pry into our business.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00192-00083662-00084468": "Instead, we should not withhold relevant information, from individuals who deserve a truthful answer.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00193-00084468-00085060": "Being honest, also means avoiding the various means, that will pop up to get more than we", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00194-00085060-00085558": "deserve, or leading someone to believe something about ourselves, that is not true.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00195-00085558-00086127": "There are, however, times when some of us might find ourselves in very catastrophic", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00196-00086127-00086514": "situations, because we are thought of as being too honest.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00197-00086514-00087027": "This is often the case, when our words are not tempered, with kindness.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00198-00087027-00087661": "The next chapter will explore how that attribute, can help us avoid a lot of the problems, that", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00199-00087661-00087948": "can result from that sort of speech.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00200-00087948-00088113": "Chapter, 4.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00201-00088113-00088280": "Be Kind.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00202-00088280-00088822": "“Kindness is the language which the deaf can hear, and the blind can see.”", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00203-00088822-00089192": "Being kind means being warm, considerate, gentle and friendly.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00204-00089192-00089549": "To get a friend, you must be a friend.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00205-00089549-00090043": "Even more cliché is the saying, ‘birds of a feather, flock together.’", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00206-00090043-00090707": "If you want to attract happy, supportive people into your life, you need to be that kind of", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00207-00090707-00090807": "person.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00208-00090807-00091038": "Why would anyone want to be around you otherwise?", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00209-00091038-00091689": "As the wise Maya Angelou highlighted, long after the memory of the interaction has faded,", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00210-00091689-00091995": "people will remember how that interaction made them feel.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00211-00091995-00092622": "When we are unkind, we make the lives of those around us much harder than it has to be.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00212-00092622-00093212": "We make them feel unloved, underappreciated, and isolated when we are mean or unpleasant.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00213-00093212-00093570": "Would you want anyone to treat you that way?", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00214-00093570-00093787": "Would you enjoy such harsh treatment?", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00215-00093787-00094316": "Don’t you think treating people that way at work, at school or in your own home, makes", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00216-00094316-00094689": "your life a lot harder than it has to be as well?", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00217-00094689-00095166": "Kindness fosters a spirit of cooperation, even among people who do not really know each", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00218-00095166-00095325": "other.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00219-00095325-00095810": "Surrounding yourself, with people who are willing to work alongside you, is far easier", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00220-00095810-00096130": "than trying to conquer this world alone.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00221-00096130-00096497": "Being unkind envelopes a wide variety of actions.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00222-00096497-00096860": "Our words are the most common form of unkindness.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00223-00096860-00097432": "Being harsh, condescending or even abrupt, can be interpreted as unkind.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00224-00097432-00098019": "Using your words to put others down, and elevate yourself is not only unkind, it is also a", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00225-00098019-00098455": "very selfish act, that often causes more harm than good.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00226-00098455-00098816": "A key aspect of kindness is being polite.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00227-00098816-00099155": "Let us take some time to learn more about this beautiful quality.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00228-00099155-00099406": "Why Be Polite.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00229-00099406-00099819": "Being polite, is really not as hard as some people make it seem.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00230-00099819-00100310": "While it is true that being polite is becoming increasingly difficult as a result of the", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00231-00100310-00100818": "negative attitudes, of the people around us, it is not impossible.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00232-00100818-00101261": "Being polite might inflate the ego of these individuals, but our being polite in not a", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00233-00101261-00101420": "reflection on them.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00234-00101420-00101989": "Our being polite reflects positively on our character, come what may.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00235-00101989-00102585": "Individuals who are polite are often thought of as kind, principled, professional and pleasant.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00236-00102585-00103034": "And with this very interconnected world that we live in, you just never know who you might", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00237-00103034-00103231": "have insulted.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00238-00103231-00103725": "Just imagine how embarrassed you will be, if you show up for a job interview, only to", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00239-00103725-00104145": "realize that the man you just cursed in the parking lot because you think they parked", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00240-00104145-00104511": "in ‘your’ spot, is actually the interviewer.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00241-00104511-00104966": "Trust me, it has happened many times before and could happen to you.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00242-00104966-00105536": "Being polite involves being respectful, and considerate of the needs, feelings, time,", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00243-00105536-00105973": "resources, values and cultural norms, of others.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00244-00105973-00106521": "Being polite and kind will make you very likable, and will encourage others to reciprocate your", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00245-00106521-00106676": "consideration.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00246-00106676-00107050": "Another benefit of being polite is that it will make it very easy for you to gain the", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00247-00107050-00107311": "respect of those around you.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00248-00107311-00107748": "Even if they do not instantly change their behavior, they will be forced to respect you", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00249-00107748-00107930": "and your standards.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00250-00107930-00108434": "Eventually, they may change for the better as a result of your efforts.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00251-00108434-00108916": "Wouldn't life be much easier if we all had jobs in which our employees, subordinates,", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00252-00108916-00109308": "and colleagues, all treated us with respect?", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00253-00109308-00109739": "Respect has to be earned and being polite, is one of the easiest ways to earn it.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00254-00109739-00110071": "How to be Polite, and Kind.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00255-00110071-00110707": "First, If you have nothing kind to say, don’t say it, post it on social media or even think", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00256-00110707-00110847": "it.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00257-00110847-00111273": "Even words that are whispered to a friend have been known to turn around and bite you.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00258-00111273-00111657": "Second, Don’t be stingy with greetings, and salutations.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00259-00111657-00112211": "If you enter a room, pleasantly greet all present.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00260-00112211-00112492": "When you are leavings, kindly excuse yourself.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00261-00112492-00113014": "And if you are greeted, respond warmly and with a smile.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00262-00113014-00113564": "Third, Do not criticize the efforts of others, especially when it is obvious that they tried", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00263-00113564-00113853": "very hard to accomplish a particular task.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00264-00113853-00114505": "If you must offer some constructive criticism, sandwich it with some genuine commendation.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00265-00114505-00114930": "Fourth, be appreciative of the efforts of others.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00266-00114930-00115539": "Even if what is presented is not to your liking, there is no need to make it known.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00267-00115539-00116072": "Fifth, Try to learn a little about the cultural norms, and beliefs of those around you.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00268-00116072-00116542": "You do not have to share their views, you simply need to know enough not to unintentionally", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00269-00116542-00116703": "offend them.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00270-00116703-00117221": "It is also most polite to allow them to freely express these views, without fear of being", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00271-00117221-00117394": "disrespected.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00272-00117394-00117641": "You can always agree to disagree.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00273-00117641-00118176": "Sixth, You do not always have to insist on things being done your way.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00274-00118176-00118526": "Give someone else a chance to shine every now and then.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00275-00118526-00119158": "Seventh, Don’t monopolize conversations by speaking only about yourself and your accomplishments.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00276-00119158-00119658": "Show personal interest in others by asking them about themselves and actually listening", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00277-00119658-00119883": "to what they have to say.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00278-00119883-00120359": "Eight, when someone is speaking to you, give them your full attention.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00279-00120359-00120921": "Stop walking, typing or whatever else you are doing, and make eye contact.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00280-00120921-00121446": "If you are busy, politely pause, evaluate how lengthy the conversations needs to be,", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00281-00121446-00121941": "assure them that you value what they have to say, and then arrange a more suitable time", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00282-00121941-00122113": "to continue.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00283-00122113-00122252": "Chapter 5.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00284-00122252-00122382": "– Be Forgiving.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00285-00122382-00122707": "“The weak can never forgive.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00286-00122707-00122975": "Forgiveness is the attribute of the strong.\"", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00287-00122975-00123207": "It is not easy to forgive.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00288-00123207-00123796": "The very existence of the need, to use the word implies, that we have been hurt in some", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00289-00123796-00123896": "way.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00290-00123896-00124341": "Forgiving a grievance, whether real or imagined, will be one of the best gifts you can give", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00291-00124341-00124496": "yourself.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00292-00124496-00124967": "This is so whether you believe the individual deserves such kindness or not.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00293-00124967-00125305": "When we refuse to forgive, we become resentful.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00294-00125305-00125811": "Holding on to resentment is like drinking poison, and expecting the individual that", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00295-00125811-00125984": "wronged us to suffer.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00296-00125984-00126525": "It can also be compared to inflicting wounds on our own bodies, and expecting someone else", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00297-00126525-00126726": "to feel the pain.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00298-00126726-00127297": "This logic is not only riddled with flaws, it is also quite dangerous.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00299-00127297-00127650": "Resentment can easily become hate and hatred is a very ugly thing.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00300-00127650-00127974": "But why do we find it so hard to forgive?", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00301-00127974-00128519": "If forgiving someone who hurt us will be so beneficial, why does the very idea of letting", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00302-00128519-00128758": "go of the hurt make us feel so uneasy?", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00303-00128758-00129298": "The real problem lies in the fact, that none of us want to continue reliving the horror", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00304-00129298-00129531": "of whatever wrong was done to us.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00305-00129531-00130050": "But as we continue to think about how badly we were hurt, we unconsciously begin to think", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00306-00130050-00130451": "about making the individual pay, for what they did.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00307-00130451-00130829": "Our flawed sense of justice, often compels us to believe that if we", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00308-00130829-00131339": "hold on to all the pain that was caused, and refuse to let it go, we will be getting the", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00309-00131339-00131774": "justice we deserve.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00310-00131774-00132162": "This is especially so when the individual does not appear to be sorry for what they", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00311-00132162-00132321": "have done.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00312-00132321-00132854": "Unfortunately, we cannot force the individual to become a better person, by resentfully", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00313-00132854-00133249": "withholding our friendship, or kindness from them.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00314-00133249-00133687": "We are only hurting ourselves as we force our minds to relive the pain over and over", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00315-00133687-00133787": "again.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00316-00133787-00134276": "While we are angrily storming through life with the heaviness of resentment in our hearts,", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00317-00134276-00134739": "our countenance, our speech, and our mood will be adversely affected.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00318-00134739-00135249": "Despite the fact that we may have been wronged, by one or maybe a few individuals, everyone", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00319-00135249-00135564": "around us will begin to be affected.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00320-00135564-00136072": "Resentment often causes us to be irritable, depressed, and generally very unpleasant.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00321-00136072-00136594": "And to make matters worse, it is often the people we love and not the people that wronged", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00322-00136594-00137021": "us, who will end up suffering as a result of what took place.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00323-00137021-00137575": "The weight of resentment has also been known to affect our memory, productivity at work,", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00324-00137575-00138239": "ability to perform routine tasks, ability to focus, and even our sex drive.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00325-00138239-00138708": "Being bitter, and refusing to forgive has also been linked to weakened immune systems,", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00326-00138708-00139107": "poor heart health, and even high blood pressure.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00327-00139107-00139502": "As you can see, refusing to forgive will never prove beneficial.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00328-00139502-00139828": "But what exactly is forgiveness?", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00329-00139828-00140088": "Is it simply forgetting what took place?", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00330-00140088-00140464": "Does forgiveness means we simply pretend that nothing happened?", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00331-00140464-00140564": "Nope.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00332-00140564-00140859": "It is not that simple.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00333-00140859-00141242": "When we forgive, we must involve more than our words.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00334-00141242-00141628": "We must change how we think and feel about the individual.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00335-00141628-00142088": "It is as if we are allowing them, to start with a clean slate all over again.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00336-00142088-00142682": "You refuse to allow, the situation to cause you, or the parties involved to hurt you any", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00337-00142682-00142782": "longer.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00338-00142782-00143439": "This requires a high level of emotional intelligence, self-control, and love.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00339-00143439-00143834": "Forgiveness is not just \"letting them off the hook\" for what they did, it is allowing", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00340-00143834-00144388": "those involved to stop dwelling in the past and move on to more important things.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00341-00144388-00144836": "“Forgiveness means, that you fill yourself with love, and you radiate that love outward.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00342-00144836-00145507": "You need to refuse to hang onto the venom or hatred that was engendered by the behaviors,", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00343-00145507-00145700": "that caused the wounds.”", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00344-00145700-00146116": "Becoming that enraged as a result of someone else’s actions, and allowing yourself to", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00345-00146116-00146659": "remain upset over what took place, for an extended period of time, is really giving", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00346-00146659-00146947": "the individual they keys to your happiness.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00347-00146947-00147480": "It is as if you are allowing that individual to control you, and they will continue, to", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00348-00147480-00147897": "control you until you muster up the courage needed, to forgive them.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00349-00147897-00148460": "Forgiveness, is also beneficial because, it often results when we become aware of our", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00350-00148460-00148562": "own faults.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00351-00148562-00149111": "It becomes easier for us to forgive, when we remember that we too have had to ask for", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00352-00149111-00149241": "forgiveness many times.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00353-00149241-00149739": "Contrary to what we may believe, we are not perfect.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00354-00149739-00150395": "We sometimes hurt the people around us, even the ones we love, without even realizing it.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00355-00150395-00150892": "When we refuse to harbor resentment and practice forgiveness, it will be easy for those around", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00356-00150892-00151087": "us to forgive us when we err.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00357-00151087-00151566": "Here are a few reasons, why it is beneficial to practice being forgiving:", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00358-00151566-00151666": "1.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00359-00151666-00151932": "You will be a lot happier, and in a much better mood.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00360-00151932-00152032": "2.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00361-00152032-00152220": "You will sleep better at night.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00362-00152220-00152320": "3.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00363-00152320-00152665": "You will not jeopardize your job, by not being productive.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00364-00152665-00152765": "4.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00365-00152765-00153275": "You will not jeopardize your relationship, with your significant other, or your family.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00366-00153275-00153375": "5.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00367-00153375-00153652": "You will learn greater self-control, and self-awareness.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00368-00153652-00153830": "6.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00369-00153830-00154027": "Your will enjoy greater peace.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00370-00154027-00154127": "7.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00371-00154127-00154410": "You will gain the respect, of those around you.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00372-00154410-00154510": "8.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00373-00154510-00154864": "You will no longer feel the pain, of the damage that was done.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00374-00154864-00154964": "9.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00375-00154964-00155151": "You will experience less anxiety.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00376-00155151-00155251": "10.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00377-00155251-00155763": "Your self-esteem, will increase as you observe your own personal strength.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00378-00155763-00155981": "What Forgiveness is Not!", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00379-00155981-00156520": "Being forgiving does not mean you have to be a push over, and allow yourself to be hurt,", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00380-00156520-00156694": "over and over again.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00381-00156694-00157115": "While you will let go of any grudge that you may have against the party or parties, that", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00382-00157115-00157601": "wronged you, you certainly do not have to put yourself in a position for you, to be", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00383-00157601-00157780": "hurt that way again.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00384-00157780-00158279": "It is perfectly acceptable to be a little more cautious, now that you have seen what", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00385-00158279-00158466": "these people are capable of.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00386-00158466-00158819": "But, please be very careful.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00387-00158819-00159354": "In the case of minor offenses, which are those that were not purposefully malicious, do not", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00388-00159354-00159862": "make the mistake of assuming, that the act represents who the person is.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00389-00159862-00160392": "Please remember that we all make mistakes, and we too have caused someone else pain.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00390-00160392-00160838": "Forgiveness, is also not an opportunity for revenge.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00391-00160838-00161325": "Declaring that you have forgiven someone is not a proclamation that you now have the \"upper", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00392-00161325-00161425": "hand.\"", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00393-00161425-00161947": "The persons involved may have been guilty, but they certainly do not owe you anything.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00394-00161947-00162437": "Even if they do not apologize, you have still gained quite a lot by extending this peace", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00395-00162437-00162852": "offering, and letting go of the bitternes,s that once consumed you.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00396-00162852-00163409": "Remember, that by being forgiving, you are doing yourself a favor.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00397-00163409-00163930": "While they might benefit as a result of your decision, forgiving them is actually a gift", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00398-00163930-00164036": "to yourself.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00399-00164036-00164192": "How to Forgive.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00400-00164192-00164747": "Because we are both aware that forgiving someone, who hurt you is not easy, I would never demand", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00401-00164747-00165083": "that you do so instantly or all at once.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00402-00165083-00165395": "You have the option of forgiving in stages.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00403-00165395-00165884": "Gradually letting go of your resentment towards the individuals, who have wronged you, will", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00404-00165884-00166345": "ensure that you have enough time, to root out any trace of the bitterness you have towards", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00405-00166345-00166513": "them, out of your mind and heart.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00406-00166513-00167244": "If you get the opportunity to see this person often, you can start by simply saying hello.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00407-00167244-00167775": "This may come as a surprise to them, because they were not expecting such a kind gesture,", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00408-00167775-00168224": "and that might open the way for the discussion you both need to get some closure.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00409-00168224-00168755": "Sometimes, even though you were wronged, it is best to take the initiative to set matters", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00410-00168755-00168899": "straight.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00411-00168899-00169357": "Always remember how this humble act will benefit you in the long run, whether they appreciate", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00412-00169357-00169590": "the gesture or not.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00413-00169590-00170030": "Another simple exercise, that will help us to forgive is writing down the name of the", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00414-00170030-00170614": "person or persons, that hurt you and listing all that they have ever done to upset you.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00415-00170614-00171084": "Once you have completed that list, write a list of all the occasions, on which you have", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00416-00171084-00171467": "hurt someone, and had to ask for forgiveness.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00417-00171467-00171833": "This is not something that we are inclined to think about.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00418-00171833-00172340": "Seeing in black and white how often we have let our bad habits hurt those around us, especially", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00419-00172340-00172917": "those we love, may be just the push we need to let go of any grudges we may have.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00420-00172917-00173327": "What is even more alarming to some individuals is when they see the names of the person they", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00421-00173327-00173788": "resent on the list of persons who they have had to ask for forgiveness.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00422-00173788-00174213": "Another useful exercise, would be to make a list of all the good things this person", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00423-00174213-00174403": "has done for you.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00424-00174403-00174888": "This exercise will help you to remember that despite their faults, this individual or these", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00425-00174888-00175353": "individuals, also have many beautiful qualities as well.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00426-00175353-00175801": "In the case of those closest to us, these qualities are the very reason why we loved", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00427-00175801-00176140": "them and kept them close in the first place.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00428-00176140-00176607": "Just think, extending the olive branch of peace may even help this person to see the", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00429-00176607-00176805": "flaw in their thinking and change for the better.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00430-00176805-00177309": "You would have made the world a better place by helping just one individual to become a", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00431-00177309-00177504": "better person.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00432-00177504-00177879": "Such kindness does not go unnoticed, or without reward.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00433-00177879-00178201": "It takes a very strong person to be forgiving.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00434-00178201-00178735": "But think of how much better our lives would be if we did not walk around, with the bitterness", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00435-00178735-00178974": "of resentment each day.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00436-00178974-00179404": "Letting go of that heavy burden is one of the best ways to heal ourselves.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00437-00179404-00179920": "This world was already a catastrophe, and it certainly does not need any more resentment", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00438-00179920-00180107": "to make it worse.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00439-00180107-00180712": "The next chapter will explain, how being generous can also help us become far happier, and more", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00440-00180712-00181071": "successful people in this world, simply by being generous.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00441-00181071-00181171": "Chapter, 6.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00442-00181171-00181271": "Be Generous.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00443-00181271-00181878": "“If you can’t feed a hundred people, then just feed one\".", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00444-00181878-00182629": "A generous person, is not required to give all their possessions away.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00445-00182629-00183244": "A generous person is also not required, to allow others to push them around.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00446-00183244-00183710": "Being generous involves firstly, the readiness to give or being willing to give more than", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00447-00183710-00183890": "is required.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00448-00183890-00184204": "Being generous takes kindness to the next level.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00449-00184204-00184728": "You might be kind at heart, and often think about helping others, but unless you actually", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00450-00184728-00185269": "take them time to actually get the ball rolling in offering your time, energy or other resources", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00451-00185269-00185940": "for the benefit of another individual, you have not truly mastered the art of being generous.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00452-00185940-00186412": "Generosity moves us to give of ourselves willingly, and expect nothing in return.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00453-00186412-00186911": "I know, you should be wondering how giving away your assets can help you live a better", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00454-00186911-00187023": "life.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00455-00187023-00187486": "The truth is that many often regard generosity of one of the keys to being truly happy in", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00456-00187486-00187637": "this miserable world.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00457-00187637-00188238": "In fact, many medical practitioners will attest to the fact that being generous is also very", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00458-00188238-00188409": "good for your health.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00459-00188409-00188824": "In fact, here are some of the proven benefits of giving generously:", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00460-00188824-00188924": "1.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00461-00188924-00189024": "Reduced stress.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00462-00189024-00189124": "2.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00463-00189124-00189404": "Lessening, the likelihood of suffering from depression.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00464-00189404-00189504": "3.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00465-00189504-00189740": "Increased sense of purpose.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00466-00189740-00189840": "4.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00467-00189840-00189941": "Greater happiness.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00468-00189941-00190041": "5.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00469-00190041-00190278": "Stronger families, and marriages.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00470-00190278-00190378": "6.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00471-00190378-00190479": "Less clutter.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00472-00190479-00190579": "7.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00473-00190579-00190688": "Reduced risk of dementia.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00474-00190688-00190788": "8.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00475-00190788-00191108": "Greater appreciation, for all that you have.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00476-00191108-00191208": "9.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00477-00191208-00191527": "More likely to benefit, from the generosity of others.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00478-00191527-00191837": "A generous person often seeks.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00479-00191837-00192191": "out opportunities to do good for others.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00480-00192191-00192726": "Just think about volunteers who make their way to help out at Soup Kitchens every weekend.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00481-00192726-00193275": "Those of us brave enough to sign up for the Peace Corps are also considered quite generous.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00482-00193275-00193778": "But simply helping an elderly lady with her grocery bags, or stopping to allow a child", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00483-00193778-00194161": "to cross the road, can be considered generous.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00484-00194161-00194624": "This kind of concern for others proves beneficial because it forces us to focus on the needs", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00485-00194624-00194966": "of others instead of on our own problems.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00486-00194966-00195387": "Anything that minimizes the effect of our problems, whether in our relationships or", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00487-00195387-00195845": "even financially, will have a direct effect on our health.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00488-00195845-00196447": "Being generous, protects us from all the cynicism, and narcissism that makes it so hard to navigate", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00489-00196447-00196588": "our way through this world.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00490-00196588-00197227": "I would, however, encourage you to be cautious as you endeavor to be more generous.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00491-00197227-00197665": "Be very careful of the way in which you demonstrate your generosity.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00492-00197665-00198152": "Please be especially careful when being generous to members of the opposite sex.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00493-00198152-00198672": "If you are already taken, and you don’t want to send the wrong impression, avoid gifts", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00494-00198672-00199008": "or favors that are personal in nature.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00495-00199008-00199408": "A personal gift is anything related to one’s body.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00496-00199408-00199898": "Perfume, for example, would be considered a personal gift.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00497-00199898-00200427": "Please also bear in mind that your own safety may come into play when being generous.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00498-00200427-00200899": "Many people have gotten robbed when asked by a seemingly homeless person to give some", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00499-00200899-00200999": "money.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00500-00200999-00201493": "Reaching into your wallet or bag, and revealing where your cash is kept, and how much cash", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00501-00201493-00202024": "you have, is a bad idea, no matter how needy the person may appear to be.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00502-00202024-00202514": "A safer option would be to let the person know that you will return with a gift.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00503-00202514-00203088": "I would strongly suggest, that you go to a secure location, one that is away from prying", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00504-00203088-00203629": "eyes, and package everything that you would like to donate to this individual in advance.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00505-00203629-00204228": "My final word of caution is that you need to feel out the person before being too generous.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00506-00204228-00204784": "Some people like spontaneity and others prefer if you first ask them if they need your help.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00507-00204784-00205267": "Even the best of intentions can put you in awkward situations, if they are not executed", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00508-00205267-00205429": "correctly.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00509-00205429-00205915": "We have discussed at length, how improving various aspects of your own personality can", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00510-00205915-00206423": "help you to heal yourself, and avoid a lot of the emotional baggage, that comes along", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00511-00206423-00206640": "with the negativity in this world.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00512-00206640-00207146": "The final of this book holds the most important key to healing all the scars caused by this", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00513-00207146-00207246": "nasty world.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00514-00207246-00207612": "Please read on to learn more about what that is.ken.”", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00515-00207612-00207792": "― Oscar Wilde", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00516-00207792-00208154": "“The greatest gift you ever give is your honest self.”", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00517-00208154-00208254": "— Fred Rogers", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00518-00208254-00208484": "We all need to learn to be ourselves again.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00519-00208484-00208996": "This is one of the most crucial aspects of successfully navigating through this catastrophe", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00520-00208996-00209201": "we call life.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00521-00209201-00209600": "This encouragement is in no way giving you the right to be a jerk.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00522-00209600-00210048": "We have already discussed that healing ourselves from the pain caused by this world requires", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00523-00210048-00210421": "that we work hard to get rid of our negative traits.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00524-00210421-00211019": "Traits such as being arrogant, rude, dishonest and stingy have no place in your life.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00525-00211019-00211529": "When we proudly walk around with these ugly habits, we are inviting all sorts of negativity", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00526-00211529-00211658": "into our lives.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00527-00211658-00211967": "The result of that is only more pain and disappointment.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00528-00211967-00212492": "That is why I encouraged you in the very first chapter to get to know yourself.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00529-00212492-00212974": "This will better equip you to heal yourself, by learning more about your faults.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00530-00212974-00213434": "So what exactly does it mean to be yourself?", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00531-00213434-00213910": "It requires that you distance yourself from all the labels the world around us has imposed", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00532-00213910-00214063": "on us.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00533-00214063-00214264": "These ugly labels come about because of the way", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00534-00214264-00214791": "we look, the way we dress or even the community we grew up in.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00535-00214791-00215241": "There is no reason for us to allow the world around us to squeeze us into a mold that doesn’t", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00536-00215241-00215503": "really represent who we are.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00537-00215503-00215866": "Just think about how liberating it would be to not have to pretend to be something you", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00538-00215866-00216021": "are not.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00539-00216021-00216296": "This is all within reason of course.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00540-00216296-00216696": "We would never want to take certain liberties that may have far- reaching effects on our", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00541-00216696-00217076": "personal life, and may even jeopardize our jobs.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00542-00217076-00217561": "That means that you might want to hold off on anything drastic, like dying your hair", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00543-00217561-00218078": "purple and green, until you find an employer that is willing to accommodate such a choice.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00544-00218078-00218583": "Here are 5 important reasons why you need to start being true to yourself:", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00545-00218583-00218683": "1.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00546-00218683-00218901": "You will never be able to please everyone.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00547-00218901-00219413": "If you constantly allow the people around you to determine who you are, you will constantly", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00548-00219413-00219892": "have to change what you stand for in order to try and make everyone happy.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00549-00219892-00220319": "The only problem with this is that you will be dealing with so many conflicting demands", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00550-00220319-00220680": "that you will eventually end up disappointing someone.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00551-00220680-00221169": "Additionally, putting yourself under this kind of pressure will leave you feeling dissatisfied", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00552-00221169-00221280": "in the end.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00553-00221280-00221380": "2.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00554-00221380-00221691": "The society around us really doesn’t know what it wants.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00555-00221691-00222375": "The media portrays both the meek homemaker and the fierce go- getter, as the ideal woman.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00556-00222375-00222805": "Society also demands that men be sensitive to the needs of the opposite sex and the dangerous", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00557-00222805-00222905": "bad", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00558-00222905-00223016": "boy as well.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00559-00223016-00223521": "Which will you be if you are simply allowing those around you to determine who you are?", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00560-00223521-00223964": "Whatever you decide to be, just remember that it is quite exhausting to be putting on this", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00561-00223964-00224151": "kind of show every day.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00562-00224151-00224251": "3.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00563-00224251-00224679": "You will end up making life-changing decisions based on the whims of the people around you,", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00564-00224679-00225082": "who will not suffer the consequences of these choices.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00565-00225082-00225608": "If you decide to have a child, simply because your family thinks it's time, you will be", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00566-00225608-00225873": "the one to have to take care of that child!", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00567-00225873-00226352": "If you decide to pursue a career because your peers think you would do well in it, you will", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00568-00226352-00226714": "have to live with the burden of a career that you hate, forever.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00569-00226714-00226814": "4.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00570-00226814-00226978": "The truth always comes out.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00571-00226978-00227525": "Sooner or later, people will begin to realize that you are faking.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00572-00227525-00228060": "Unfortunately, as we see in the case of many celebrities, the truth often comes out in", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00573-00228060-00228267": "a big scandal or breakdown.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00574-00228267-00228367": "5.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00575-00228367-00228798": "When you are content with who you are, you will be truly happy.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00576-00228798-00229392": "How can you love yourself, when you are constantly pretending to be something that you are not?", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00577-00229392-00229884": "When all is said and done, you need to take control of your life if you want to see real", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00578-00229884-00230023": "improvements.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00579-00230023-00230558": "You cannot expect different results if you are not bold enough to make drastic changes.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00580-00230558-00230836": "And the time for those changes is now!", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00581-00230836-00230936": "Conclusion", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00582-00230936-00231119": "I hope you have benefitted from this book.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00583-00231119-00231675": "By benefit, I mean that I hope you have decided to make some much need changes.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00584-00231675-00232204": "Progress may be slow at first, but you will never regret the decision to change yourself", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00585-00232204-00232381": "for the better.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00586-00232381-00232962": "Every step, no matter how small, is a step forward, and can thus rightly be viewed as", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00587-00232962-00233106": "progress.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00588-00233106-00233576": "The universe has a way of rewarding the good in us and helping us to find the good in others.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00589-00233576-00234148": "By now, you should have realized that the secret to healing ourselves, and successfully", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00590-00234148-00234658": "navigating through the catastrophe of life, lies in our hands.", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00591-00234658-00235141": "Unless we acknowledge our own faults, and actively work to try and improve on them,", "b0zHk_WTRJk-00592-00235141-00235439": "our lives will never get any better."}}, {"audio_id": "b0YIT5ckUOM", "text": {"b0YIT5ckUOM-00000-00000094-00000350": "Every morning, you see your reflection in the mirror.", "b0YIT5ckUOM-00001-00000626-00000948": "Every summer, your friend looks squiggly in the bottom of the pool.", "b0YIT5ckUOM-00002-00001142-00001384": "But how can we use this to make invisibility cloaks?", "b0YIT5ckUOM-00003-00001418-00001474": "Boo.", "b0YIT5ckUOM-00004-00001558-00001642": "What?!", "b0YIT5ckUOM-00005-00001666-00001866": "Or explain the shiny wings of a butterfly?", "b0YIT5ckUOM-00006-00002306-00002428": "The answer is 'photonics',", "b0YIT5ckUOM-00007-00002428-00002720": "which is all the crazy ways to mess with light!", "b0YIT5ckUOM-00008-00003261-00003550": "Crazy way number one: bouncing", "b0YIT5ckUOM-00009-00003609-00003809": "Take a look at yourself in a mirror -", "b0YIT5ckUOM-00010-00003868-00004208": "you probably do this often enough, but do it again anyway.", "b0YIT5ckUOM-00011-00004262-00004382": "What do you see?", "b0YIT5ckUOM-00012-00004394-00004796": "It's yourself, of course, but have you ever wondered WHY this happens?", "b0YIT5ckUOM-00013-00004908-00005169": "You may have heard that light travels like a wave,", "b0YIT5ckUOM-00014-00005169-00005337": "sort of like these water waves.", "b0YIT5ckUOM-00015-00005400-00005692": "The water ripples have high parts and low parts that travel out", "b0YIT5ckUOM-00016-00005692-00005924": "and if they hit a wall, they bounce right back.", "b0YIT5ckUOM-00017-00005960-00006226": "That's the same sort of thing going on with the mirror -", "b0YIT5ckUOM-00018-00006272-00006626": "light coming from your cell phone is hitting your face and bouncing off of it.", "b0YIT5ckUOM-00019-00006678-00006890": "This bouncing is called 'reflection'.", "b0YIT5ckUOM-00020-00006920-00007328": "A lot of that reflected light bounces off the mirror and goes into your eyes.", "b0YIT5ckUOM-00021-00007450-00007688": "Crazy way number two: bending", "b0YIT5ckUOM-00022-00007772-00007972": "Now let's look at this pencil underwater -", "b0YIT5ckUOM-00023-00008002-00008278": "why does the part of the pencil that's IN the water", "b0YIT5ckUOM-00024-00008278-00008506": "look bent compared to the part ABOVE it?", "b0YIT5ckUOM-00025-00008552-00008814": "Of course, for you to see the pencil at all,", "b0YIT5ckUOM-00026-00008814-00009014": "light needs to reflect off of it.", "b0YIT5ckUOM-00027-00009048-00009432": "But it also needs to travel through different materials before it hits your eye.", "b0YIT5ckUOM-00028-00009466-00009828": "Light generally takes the fastest path to get between two points,", "b0YIT5ckUOM-00029-00009828-00010094": "and that might always be a straight line.", "b0YIT5ckUOM-00030-00010120-00010398": "Light travels slower in water than in air,", "b0YIT5ckUOM-00031-00010398-00010638": "so the fastest path is actually bent.", "b0YIT5ckUOM-00032-00010679-00010879": "It's just like when you travel from your house -", "b0YIT5ckUOM-00033-00010880-00011118": "the shortest path isn't always the fastest.", "b0YIT5ckUOM-00034-00011142-00011560": "Like here you could travel the shorter route along slower, smaller roads,", "b0YIT5ckUOM-00035-00011560-00011862": "or you could go a little farther and take the fast highway.", "b0YIT5ckUOM-00036-00011930-00012274": "Light does that too - this bending is called 'refraction'.", "b0YIT5ckUOM-00037-00012344-00012724": "That's why the pencil looked bent in the cup, and your friend looked squiggly in the pool.", "b0YIT5ckUOM-00038-00012888-00013126": "Crazy way number three: mixing", "b0YIT5ckUOM-00039-00013208-00013606": "Let's look at water waves, which actually behave pretty similarly to light waves.", "b0YIT5ckUOM-00040-00013660-00013960": "I made these waves by dropping to droplets some distance apart.", "b0YIT5ckUOM-00041-00014010-00014234": "Each droplet forms a set of waves going out", "b0YIT5ckUOM-00042-00014234-00014440": "and these waves meet and mix with each other.", "b0YIT5ckUOM-00043-00014552-00014752": "This mixing is called 'interference'.", "b0YIT5ckUOM-00044-00014786-00015162": "At some meeting points, the mixed wave is bigger than each of the original two waves.", "b0YIT5ckUOM-00045-00015206-00015472": "At other meeting points, the two waves cancel each other out.", "b0YIT5ckUOM-00046-00015660-00016013": "We can see the same thing happening with light waves in this experiment,", "b0YIT5ckUOM-00047-00016013-00016400": "where I shine light through two tiny slits with a small separation.", "b0YIT5ckUOM-00048-00016460-00016940": "Just like with water, there are some parts of light meeting where the mixed light is brighter,", "b0YIT5ckUOM-00049-00016940-00017208": "and other parts where the mixed light is darker.", "b0YIT5ckUOM-00050-00017324-00017694": "But what does this have to do with invisibility cloaks and butterflies?", "b0YIT5ckUOM-00051-00017780-00018066": "Let's bring these crazy ways to mess with light together.", "b0YIT5ckUOM-00052-00018138-00018338": "How could this cloak make someone invisible?", "b0YIT5ckUOM-00053-00018416-00018620": "Let's say this camera is your eye,", "b0YIT5ckUOM-00054-00018620-00018948": "and this green fabric is the cloak we want to make invisible.", "b0YIT5ckUOM-00055-00019024-00019374": "You're probably thinking, \"Let's make the cloak itself invisible", "b0YIT5ckUOM-00056-00019374-00019574": "so that light would pass through it.\"", "b0YIT5ckUOM-00057-00019624-00020096": "But if we did that, light would still be able to bounce off what the cloak covers,", "b0YIT5ckUOM-00058-00020096-00020350": "pass through the cloak, and get to your eyes.", "b0YIT5ckUOM-00059-00020468-00020572": "And that's no good.", "b0YIT5ckUOM-00060-00020644-00021048": "What the cloak really needs to do is take light from the opposite side of the camera,", "b0YIT5ckUOM-00061-00021048-00021368": "channel it through the fabric and out the front, unchanged.", "b0YIT5ckUOM-00062-00021418-00021712": "No light would bounce off the cloak OR what it covers inside,", "b0YIT5ckUOM-00063-00021712-00021988": "so you would just see what's on the opposite side of the cloak,", "b0YIT5ckUOM-00064-00021988-00022188": "kind of like camouflage.", "b0YIT5ckUOM-00065-00022290-00022748": "And every other side of the cloak would just channel light to its opposite side,", "b0YIT5ckUOM-00066-00022748-00023162": "so none of the light would even get to what's inside the cloak,", "b0YIT5ckUOM-00067-00023162-00023612": "and none of the light hitting the cloak would be reflected into the camera lens.", "b0YIT5ckUOM-00068-00023644-00023810": "So there'd be nothing to see!", "b0YIT5ckUOM-00069-00023910-00024148": "All of this depends on CHANNELING light,", "b0YIT5ckUOM-00070-00024148-00024292": "which is not easy.", "b0YIT5ckUOM-00071-00024314-00024514": "But, nature can help.", "b0YIT5ckUOM-00072-00024602-00024928": "I'm here with some Morpho butterflies at the Boston Museum of Science.", "b0YIT5ckUOM-00073-00024950-00025206": "Their wings are a super shiny bright blue color.", "b0YIT5ckUOM-00074-00025242-00025639": "The front of their wings are made of alternating layers of air and chitin,", "b0YIT5ckUOM-00075-00025639-00025839": "and chitin is what lobster shells are made of.", "b0YIT5ckUOM-00076-00025930-00026358": "These alternating layers take advantage of how light bounces, bends, and mixes,", "b0YIT5ckUOM-00077-00026358-00026586": "to channel the reds, yellows, greens, oranges -", "b0YIT5ckUOM-00078-00026586-00026869": "basically every color of light EXCEPT blue -", "b0YIT5ckUOM-00079-00026869-00027069": "all the way to the back of the wing.", "b0YIT5ckUOM-00080-00027152-00027376": "The blues don't get channeled through,", "b0YIT5ckUOM-00081-00027376-00027682": "so this is why you see blue on the surface, but no other color.", "b0YIT5ckUOM-00082-00027732-00028116": "If you could take the color-channeling structures of a butterfly wing", "b0YIT5ckUOM-00083-00028116-00028386": "and weave them together into a fabric,", "b0YIT5ckUOM-00084-00028386-00028868": "you would have a cloak that would be invisible to every color of light except blue.", "b0YIT5ckUOM-00085-00028963-00029197": "If we lived in a world with no blue light,", "b0YIT5ckUOM-00086-00029198-00029566": "no blue could ever be reflected, so our cloak would work great!", "b0YIT5ckUOM-00087-00029733-00030012": "But if someone shined a blue light on you and your cloak,", "b0YIT5ckUOM-00088-00030012-00030212": "you would look kind of silly.", "b0YIT5ckUOM-00089-00030250-00030412": "To work in our world,", "b0YIT5ckUOM-00090-00030412-00030810": "your cloak would have to channel ALL colors, including blue.", "b0YIT5ckUOM-00091-00030860-00031186": "So how DO you invent a true photonic invisibility cloak?", "b0YIT5ckUOM-00092-00031224-00031495": "Well, any photonic cloak should be possible, right?", "b0YIT5ckUOM-00093-00031495-00031768": "Because you CAN mess with how light bounces, bends, and mixes.", "b0YIT5ckUOM-00094-00031806-00032145": "All right, well, I'M going to invent a photonic cloak first.", "b0YIT5ckUOM-00095-00032145-00032304": "I already have.", "b0YIT5ckUOM-00096-00032633-00032856": "You know, that's just a green cloak...", "b0YIT5ckUOM-00097-00032890-00032950": "Oh."}}, {"audio_id": "b1-SAOherCc", "text": {"b1-SAOherCc-00000-00002610-00006906": "[Content_Types].xml I)_: C]9N N_UZB >$N{9 +P9Y \"V0} _rels/.rels A$>\"f3 .b*lI word/_rels/document.xml.rels", "b1-SAOherCc-00001-00006906-00008797": "(x/vw word/document.xml N;Ke;/G ';;6 3Y1F R\\Bj Fa.c }VNt ?2nr 9^7J P\" XTd$ %Q1V i(R4", "b1-SAOherCc-00002-00008797-00010778": "U3Y! #e!w4[ mX2H 2up<< ~.\"| j^4K# SY'B *\\>x $UmNo!m7 b2;. 28ng +xiH :-t/\"<$ y,vH^ =q6S", "b1-SAOherCc-00003-00010778-00012679": ">O^d _#+B~5 Nm\"hG Lm][ h9Yv Ey+v \"'*[P HA6[t m\\!= Sh*$ =3MI [j2] g#lv 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day,", "b27sNhbnBLc-00007-00004914-00005116": "we started advancing the CQB,", "b27sNhbnBLc-00008-00005210-00005410": "at this time already taken by the enemy;", "b27sNhbnBLc-00009-00005472-00005604": "We have to move on guys, have to conquer it ...", "b27sNhbnBLc-00010-00005790-00005988": "Maintain the last formation ...", "b27sNhbnBLc-00011-00006048-00006170": "In the middle, 12 o clock ...", "b27sNhbnBLc-00012-00006282-00006402": "There are two on the left ...", "b27sNhbnBLc-00013-00006448-00006648": "Outside, take care... out there ...", "b27sNhbnBLc-00014-00006648-00006766": "You have to get the NOIA (room) ...", "b27sNhbnBLc-00015-00006816-00006980": "GUI, come on, let's divide and take the NOIA ...", "b27sNhbnBLc-00016-00007184-00007288": "One out running...", "b27sNhbnBLc-00017-00007362-00007430": "Come on, one more, come RAFA ...", "b27sNhbnBLc-00018-00007566-00007744": "No, no, hold the position ...", "b27sNhbnBLc-00019-00007856-00007912": "Where?", "b27sNhbnBLc-00020-00008116-00008216": "NOIA, let's take the NOIA....", "b27sNhbnBLc-00021-00009486-00009676": "They threw a smoke bomb, they will run ...", "b27sNhbnBLc-00022-00009828-00010004": "They are already in this little door here oh ...", "b27sNhbnBLc-00023-00010030-00010174": "I'm regrouping here ...", "b27sNhbnBLc-00024-00010226-00010380": "They will run, position to shoot ...", "b27sNhbnBLc-00025-00010396-00010498": "We have to win the NOIA,", "b27sNhbnBLc-00026-00010540-00010810": "we 2, we 3, to help RAFA it in CQB ...", "b27sNhbnBLc-00027-00011110-00011178": "Watch it out there GUI ...", "b27sNhbnBLc-00028-00011340-00011408": "With you GUI ...", "b27sNhbnBLc-00029-00012236-00012374": "RODRIGO, you do suppression ...", "b27sNhbnBLc-00030-00012572-00012726": "Go, go, go, go, go, go ...", "b27sNhbnBLc-00031-00013366-00013510": "RAFA wants suppression here oh ...", "b27sNhbnBLc-00032-00013706-00013941": "I got the one on the left RAFA, into the smoke ...", "b27sNhbnBLc-00033-00013990-00014197": "Thats it KANON, they have four now ...", "b27sNhbnBLc-00034-00014226-00014322": "Positive, Positive ...", "b27sNhbnBLc-00035-00014346-00014474": "RUSSO, leave the .68 with someone", "b27sNhbnBLc-00036-00014474-00014569": "I will climb the ladder ...", "b27sNhbnBLc-00037-00014588-00014788": "They're shooting from HELL, are shooting from HELL ...", "b27sNhbnBLc-00038-00014819-00014982": "Two for the road, two for the road, two for the road ...", "b27sNhbnBLc-00039-00014996-00015063": "One has crossed ...", "b27sNhbnBLc-00040-00015412-00015591": "One has crossed, RAFA !!!", "b27sNhbnBLc-00041-00015624-00015784": "Crossed from your right ...", "b27sNhbnBLc-00042-00016010-00016106": "I need to climb the ladder soon,", "b27sNhbnBLc-00043-00016106-00016210": "otherwise they will take HELL ...", "b27sNhbnBLc-00044-00016210-00016388": "Stand down, when you say I can, I will go RATÃO...", "b27sNhbnBLc-00045-00016436-00016562": "Got In, Got In, Got In ...", "b27sNhbnBLc-00046-00016874-00017004": "ASTA climbing the NOIA room,", "b27sNhbnBLc-00047-00017018-00017142": "ASTA climbing the NOIA room ...", "b27sNhbnBLc-00048-00017260-00017436": "Back off , Back off  two down ...", "b27sNhbnBLc-00049-00017456-00017688": "NOIA room, I need one more to cover the ramp ...", "b27sNhbnBLc-00050-00018512-00018728": "So go, go, get inside shooting RATÃO ...", "b27sNhbnBLc-00051-00019452-00019558": "Guys, they are already in the HELL,", "b27sNhbnBLc-00052-00019558-00019636": "they are already in the HELL ...", "b27sNhbnBLc-00053-00020326-00020376": "Go!!!", "b27sNhbnBLc-00054-00020852-00021052": "RAFA, we are in the small room that you said ...", "b27sNhbnBLc-00055-00021106-00021268": "OK, so I want to know, will you shoot there ???", "b27sNhbnBLc-00056-00021292-00021366": "There's a guy here ...", "b27sNhbnBLc-00057-00021732-00021932": "RAFA, I got him RAFA, I got one in the middle ...", "b27sNhbnBLc-00058-00025084-00025230": "I got two, both on NOIA I got ...", "b27sNhbnBLc-00059-00025606-00025744": "They are already in the HELL,", "b27sNhbnBLc-00060-00025756-00025927": "tell the General that they are in the HELL ...", "b27sNhbnBLc-00061-00026116-00026224": "Take Care on your right ...", "b27sNhbnBLc-00062-00026482-00026682": "On the attempt to outflank them", "b27sNhbnBLc-00063-00026682-00026836": "taking the NOIA room", "b27sNhbnBLc-00064-00027126-00027295": "we suffered significant casualties", "b27sNhbnBLc-00065-00027314-00027500": "which forced us to go back to the LAB", "b27sNhbnBLc-00066-00027570-00027770": "General, I need a new route,", "b27sNhbnBLc-00067-00027780-00027980": "I’m holding the guys here on NOIA,", "b27sNhbnBLc-00068-00027989-00028189": "but I think what I'm standing in vain ...", "b27sNhbnBLc-00069-00028189-00028389": "I need an alternative route...", "b27sNhbnBLc-00070-00029554-00029700": "I found it, I found it, I found it ...", "b27sNhbnBLc-00071-00030132-00030194": "I got it, I got it ...", "b27sNhbnBLc-00072-00031736-00031904": "Where is JEFF, where is JEFF ???", "b27sNhbnBLc-00073-00032708-00032774": "Hey, Come on!!!", "b27sNhbnBLc-00074-00033360-00033496": "We are surrounding NOIA,", "b27sNhbnBLc-00075-00033500-00033660": "we have two enemies in the NOIA ...", "b27sNhbnBLc-00076-00033690-00033836": "TURETA crossed to the small room on the right ...", "b27sNhbnBLc-00077-00034722-00034786": "I got two ...", "b27sNhbnBLc-00078-00034942-00035012": "Got it, got it ...", "b27sNhbnBLc-00079-00035214-00035278": "One more ...", "b27sNhbnBLc-00080-00035358-00035558": "RAFA minus 3, RAFA minus 3 in NOIA...", "b27sNhbnBLc-00081-00036930-00037010": "I got, I got everybody ...", "b27sNhbnBLc-00082-00038022-00038092": "One on the Reactor?", "b27sNhbnBLc-00083-00038398-00038542": "RATÃO, we have to take the reactor,", "b27sNhbnBLc-00084-00038542-00038698": "warns RATÃO, we have to take the reactor ...", "b27sNhbnBLc-00085-00038988-00039094": "Tell to come down the alley ...", "b27sNhbnBLc-00086-00039132-00039216": "Just hold, just hold ...", "b27sNhbnBLc-00087-00039770-00039842": "Crossed one blue?", "b27sNhbnBLc-00088-00040568-00040618": "I ???", "b27sNhbnBLc-00089-00040736-00040786": "Get down ??? ...", "b27sNhbnBLc-00090-00041550-00041668": "Come in, come in, come in... come quickly...", "b27sNhbnBLc-00091-00041852-00041982": "Quick, quick, in here oh ...", "b27sNhbnBLc-00092-00042846-00042908": "Hit there !!!", "b27sNhbnBLc-00093-00045114-00045204": "We need to get the warhead,", "b27sNhbnBLc-00094-00045210-00045342": "check if the warhead is on that side...", "b27sNhbnBLc-00095-00045756-00045908": "Check , see if the reactor is here ...", "b27sNhbnBLc-00096-00046172-00046222": "Calm down!", "b27sNhbnBLc-00097-00046316-00046530": "Guys , check and see if the Reactor is there ...", "b27sNhbnBLc-00098-00047796-00047962": "After much insistence,", "b27sNhbnBLc-00099-00047962-00048190": "it was possible to return to NOIA,", "b27sNhbnBLc-00100-00048190-00048418": "clearing the way to the warhead ...", "b27sNhbnBLc-00101-00048724-00048874": "Ooo \"Fuck\" that scare !!!", "b27sNhbnBLc-00102-00050582-00050672": "So Good RATÃO !!!", "b27sNhbnBLc-00103-00051366-00051416": "Go!", "b27sNhbnBLc-00104-00051572-00051644": "Over Here ...", "b27sNhbnBLc-00105-00052494-00052594": "Suicidal Mission ...", "b27sNhbnBLc-00106-00053655-00053996": "From now on,  no longer mattered combat the enemy,", "b27sNhbnBLc-00107-00054041-00054326": "it was only progressing in stealth mode until the barn,", "b27sNhbnBLc-00108-00054510-00054754": "and effectively sends it through the air ...", "b27sNhbnBLc-00109-00055382-00055705": "ASTA,  10 meters  of  \"BOOM\" (SIGNAL) ...", "b27sNhbnBLc-00110-00058762-00058962": "Guys, we need a supression here...", "b27sNhbnBLc-00111-00058962-00059105": "at the top of the village ...", "b27sNhbnBLc-00112-00059138-00059208": "Copy, copy...", "b27sNhbnBLc-00113-00059550-00059638": "Come in it is a friend, RAFA ...", "b27sNhbnBLc-00114-00060176-00060332": "Calm down, calm down, calm down ... it Ours!", "b27sNhbnBLc-00115-00060414-00060526": "Let’s go through the dark?", "b27sNhbnBLc-00116-00060554-00060604": "Let's go!", "b27sNhbnBLc-00117-00062634-00062729": "Can we get that barrel?", "b27sNhbnBLc-00118-00066316-00066426": "Blew up, Blew up, Blew up ...", "b27sNhbnBLc-00119-00066546-00066612": "Warns that I blew up ...", "b27sNhbnBLc-00120-00067090-00067204": "Blew Up! Blew Up!", "b27sNhbnBLc-00121-00067314-00067480": "Blast off the Base !!!", "b27sNhbnBLc-00122-00067700-00067804": "Blew up !!!", "b27sNhbnBLc-00123-00067944-00068106": "Uhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh !!!"}}, {"audio_id": "b2DehdjqIau", "text": {"b2DehdjqIau-00000-00000006-00000420": "people who are Meek people who are gentle people who are humble they're not weak", "b2DehdjqIau-00001-00000480-00001398": "because it would Define meekness as weakness then are we then saying Jesus Christ was weak greetings", "b2DehdjqIau-00002-00001398-00002076": "beloved in the wonderful name of our Lord Saint Jesus Christ my name is Songezo Gwanya and I'm", "b2DehdjqIau-00003-00002076-00002934": "glad for you to join me today if it's your first time here please click the Subscribe button below", "b2DehdjqIau-00004-00002934-00003684": "and make sure to click on the notification Bell so that every time I load a video you may be informed", "b2DehdjqIau-00005-00003822-00004332": "if you are entering subscriber well done you are extraordinary", "b2DehdjqIau-00006-00004428-00005100": "today we are continuing with our service called the salmon on the mount one of the most", "b2DehdjqIau-00007-00005154-00005658": "powerful and greatest lessons that Jesus Christ has ever appreced", "b2DehdjqIau-00008-00005964-00006642": "and today we're talking about meekness what you hear about Matthew chapter 5 verse 5.", "b2DehdjqIau-00009-00006744-00007788": "let's tend it and read it it's always blessed at the meek for they shall inherit the earth in the", "b2DehdjqIau-00010-00007788-00008676": "world people who are Meek people who are gentle people who are humble they are referred to as weak", "b2DehdjqIau-00011-00008760-00009606": "as people can fight their own battles but is that true and that's why this evening or today whatever", "b2DehdjqIau-00012-00009606-00010206": "time you're watching this video I'm asking you this question are people who are Meek weak", "b2DehdjqIau-00013-00010368-00011166": "think about that question and I want you to uh answer them here are some thoughts meet", "b2DehdjqIau-00014-00011166-00012042": "disciples are not arrogant tyrants you said those who are Disciples of Christ and The Mink there", "b2DehdjqIau-00015-00012042-00012606": "are people who like to fight there are people who would like to retaliate but they're people", "b2DehdjqIau-00016-00012606-00013428": "who are weak and hard and that shows outwardly this is obviously taken from Psalm 37 verse 11", "b2DehdjqIau-00017-00013428-00014286": "which I want us to read in Psalm 37 verse 11 and see what does this actually talk about", "b2DehdjqIau-00018-00014286-00015084": "if you can please turn with me to Psalm 37. which I read as follows if you have found it", "b2DehdjqIau-00019-00015288-00016019": "it says but the meek shall inherit the earth and shall Delight themselves in the abundance of peace", "b2DehdjqIau-00020-00016152-00016836": "what a beautiful scripture that is that those who are made shall inherit the earth so just Christ", "b2DehdjqIau-00021-00016836-00017724": "has taken that part of the scripture I believe from Psalms 37 verse 11 of which in the context", "b2DehdjqIau-00022-00017724-00018828": "of Psalm 37 this refers to those who are Godly who have been oppressed by those who are wicked by", "b2DehdjqIau-00023-00018828-00019704": "those who are ungodly and in their oppression they don't fight back they allow God to fight for them", "b2DehdjqIau-00024-00019854-00020292": "this vessel refers not uh to obstruct humility", "b2DehdjqIau-00025-00020382-00021030": "but to people who have been humbled you know it refers to people who have been humbled that", "b2DehdjqIau-00026-00021030-00021648": "means they didn't do that by own choice but you have been humbled by someone or by some situation", "b2DehdjqIau-00027-00021648-00022554": "and and and and some uh hat now when it defines this he says uh bend over by Injustice of the", "b2DehdjqIau-00028-00022554-00023148": "ungodly that means you have been bent over by the Injustice of those who are ungodly.", "b2DehdjqIau-00029-00023358-00024018": "you see sometimes when you're driving traffic and then someone just cuts you you will know if you're", "b2DehdjqIau-00030-00024018-00024600": "meek if you're Meek you'll just make a prayer and say Lord help this man or help this woman", "b2DehdjqIau-00031-00024678-00025350": "oh Lord help me I am not a meek I am not humble I am trying to be I", "b2DehdjqIau-00032-00025350-00025877": "am striving to and at times it's really really difficult it's the real exercise", "b2DehdjqIau-00033-00026027-00026880": "I want us uh to get to the conclusion that people who are big people who are gentle people who are", "b2DehdjqIau-00034-00026880-00027756": "humble they're not weak because if wood Define meekness as weakness then are we then saying", "b2DehdjqIau-00035-00027756-00028542": "Jesus Christ was weak are we then saying Moses was weak you see the Bible defines Moses as meek", "b2DehdjqIau-00036-00028716-00029202": "but the man could tell you the truth the man could defend what is right", "b2DehdjqIau-00037-00029202-00029694": "is the same man who went to Egypt to take out the children of Israel", "b2DehdjqIau-00038-00029844-00030486": "that does not show weakness but that shows a strength it shows it shows hard work", "b2DehdjqIau-00039-00030780-00031632": "it would say meekness is equals to weakness then that means just Christ was weak", "b2DehdjqIau-00040-00031830-00032388": "you see if that is the truth then we don't read our Bibles properly", "b2DehdjqIau-00041-00032477-00033258": "because look just Christ is beaten Jesus Christ is putting the most uh painful situation", "b2DehdjqIau-00042-00033402-00033996": "but Brethren to be honest with you just Christ could have called Ten Thousand Angels to come and", "b2DehdjqIau-00043-00033996-00034722": "defend him but he didn't because he was Meek he was gentle he says in Matthew 11 verse 28", "b2DehdjqIau-00044-00034794-00035406": "are you who I have a lady and come to me just come to me all of you are related", "b2DehdjqIau-00045-00035508-00036312": "and I'll give you rest it is yeah take your check my yoke upon you and learn from me for I am gentle", "b2DehdjqIau-00046-00036384-00037458": "and lowly Jesus Christ is gentle he had the power but he decided not to use the power I want us to", "b2DehdjqIau-00047-00037458-00038238": "go to um Psalm 37 what has to read verse 7 Day something interesting that is happening there", "b2DehdjqIau-00048-00038238-00039198": "in Psalms 37 verse 7. it says arrest in the Lord and wait patiently for him do not afraid", "b2DehdjqIau-00049-00039198-00039750": "because of him who prospers in his way because of the man who brings wicked schemes to pass", "b2DehdjqIau-00050-00039912-00040530": "and this is very interesting that when we wait upon the Lord the Lord fights for us", "b2DehdjqIau-00051-00040602-00041088": "you see some battles could have been worn had we not said a word", "b2DehdjqIau-00052-00041232-00041778": "see Jesus Christ he says like a sheep he was led to slaughter I did not even open his mouth", "b2DehdjqIau-00053-00041898-00042534": "why because the man was Meek and the challenge for us as we near the", "b2DehdjqIau-00054-00042534-00043212": "conclusion is for us to be meek is for us to learn especially me to learn to say nothing", "b2DehdjqIau-00055-00043392-00043944": "today I'm sorry to say I was wrong to say you are right", "b2DehdjqIau-00056-00044268-00044652": "meekness is all about not fighting certain battles", "b2DehdjqIau-00057-00044922-00045654": "and letting the Lord fight for you you see when you look at the life of the Israelites", "b2DehdjqIau-00058-00045654-00046518": "is that when they allow the Lord to lead they won the battle but when they lead themselves", "b2DehdjqIau-00059-00046518-00046974": "they try to do things on their own way in their own terms to lose the battle", "b2DehdjqIau-00060-00047154-00048054": "that I'm trying to say let's try and allow the Lord to lead us let us be meek you're", "b2DehdjqIau-00061-00048054-00048588": "not illustration that you have put in let us allow the god to come through and show his power", "b2DehdjqIau-00062-00048648-00049284": "Paul inside us could have prayed to the Lord to open the gates uh in the jail in the prison sounds", "b2DehdjqIau-00063-00049374-00050052": "but they praised God worshiped God and prayed to him in the midst of that situation", "b2DehdjqIau-00064-00050184-00050820": "because they were meek because they allowed God to fight for them God opened the gates", "b2DehdjqIau-00065-00050820-00051486": "without them asking but with them praising some situations we have to praise God through", "b2DehdjqIau-00066-00051594-00051941": "and allow him to take part in that situation", "b2DehdjqIau-00067-00052236-00052955": "as we reach the conclusion is those who are meek though in the eyes of the world they", "b2DehdjqIau-00068-00052955-00053790": "may seem to be losing there may seem to be to being destroyed those people really handed the", "b2DehdjqIau-00069-00053790-00054498": "Earth God will raise them God will lift them say God is against those who are proud and arrogant", "b2DehdjqIau-00070-00054641-00055284": "but is close and lifts those who are humble those who are gentle those who are meek", "b2DehdjqIau-00071-00055344-00056070": "you want to be lifted by the Lord be humble be gentle be the one to say I'm sorry", "b2DehdjqIau-00072-00056148-00056976": "be the one to say Lord take your part God would establish those who are making the Earth", "b2DehdjqIau-00073-00057072-00057479": "you'll establish them and protect them and give them all the strength", "b2DehdjqIau-00074-00057612-00058590": "sometimes lose and are now good to make you win Let's Not Be always trying to win this is", "b2DehdjqIau-00075-00058590-00059316": "the message for today those who are Meek those who are gentle those who are humble they are not weak", "b2DehdjqIau-00076-00059436-00060066": "but they are actually strong because of God is on their side the question that I'm living", "b2DehdjqIau-00077-00060066-00060594": "with you is are you meek in all situations that you find yourselves in I will make", "b2DehdjqIau-00078-00060900-00061464": "if you've not subscribed to your divorce thus far please click the Subscribe button share this", "b2DehdjqIau-00079-00061464-00062082": "video If you think it really come in handy for someone else thank you for watching God bless you", "b2DehdjqIau-00080-00062166-00062898": "always remember you're an extraordinary don't let anyone tell you different bye"}}, {"audio_id": "b2RSBHgZhuA", "text": {"b2RSBHgZhuA-00000-00000152-00000208": "Hey, Blue", "b2RSBHgZhuA-00001-00000336-00000416": "Yeah, Pink", "b2RSBHgZhuA-00002-00000480-00001048": "What does a client really need when they say \"Excuse me, can I ask you something?\"", "b2RSBHgZhuA-00003-00001152-00001376": "I want to get out of here fast!", "b2RSBHgZhuA-00004-00001504-00001823": "Or when they say \"I'm just visiting...\"", "b2RSBHgZhuA-00005-00002023-00002112": "Leave me alone", "b2RSBHgZhuA-00006-00002184-00002488": "Or when they say \"I'll think about it\"", "b2RSBHgZhuA-00007-00002488-00002672": "Oh, no way I buy that!", "b2RSBHgZhuA-00008-00002784-00003160": "Or when they say \"I'll discuss it with my family.\"", "b2RSBHgZhuA-00009-00003279-00003432": "That's too expensive!", "b2RSBHgZhuA-00010-00003544-00003960": "And how about \"I will look into some more options...\"", "b2RSBHgZhuA-00011-00004160-00004384": "Your competition is better!", "b2RSBHgZhuA-00012-00004472-00004768": "And if they say \"That's looking good\"", "b2RSBHgZhuA-00013-00004936-00005128": "Well, that's a bit disappointing...", "b2RSBHgZhuA-00014-00005264-00005472": "What about \"I hear you\"", "b2RSBHgZhuA-00015-00005600-00005784": "I totally disagree!", "b2RSBHgZhuA-00016-00005944-00006360": "And what about \"I've consulted an expert...\"", "b2RSBHgZhuA-00017-00006464-00006880": "Um, I showed this to my six-year-old daughter and she said....", "b2RSBHgZhuA-00018-00007040-00007431": "And what if they say \"I need this to stand out\"", "b2RSBHgZhuA-00019-00007592-00007856": "Make it exactly like all of the others!", "b2RSBHgZhuA-00020-00008095-00008464": "And what about if they ask about other options?", "b2RSBHgZhuA-00021-00008560-00008640": "This sucks!", "b2RSBHgZhuA-00022-00008832-00009184": "And how about \"With all due respect\"", "b2RSBHgZhuA-00023-00009296-00009480": "I think you're a total idiot!", "b2RSBHgZhuA-00024-00009616-00009984": "And what about \"That's interesting...\"", "b2RSBHgZhuA-00025-00010040-00010096": "Bullshit!", "b2RSBHgZhuA-00026-00010184-00010592": "And what about \"That's a very brave offer!\"", "b2RSBHgZhuA-00027-00010800-00010904": "You're insane!", "b2RSBHgZhuA-00028-00010992-00011192": "And if they simply say \"I don't know...\"", "b2RSBHgZhuA-00029-00011288-00011464": "You totally suck at selling!", "b2RSBHgZhuA-00030-00011632-00012056": "And what about when they leave and they say \"It was nice talking to you\"", "b2RSBHgZhuA-00031-00012296-00012696": "I hope I never meet you again...."}}, {"audio_id": "b2ZS0feFZ5u", "text": {"b2ZS0feFZ5u-00000-00000000-00000301": "Circles can create beautiful fractals!", "b2ZS0feFZ5u-00001-00000501-00000710": "Let's look at two more ideas.", "b2ZS0feFZ5u-00002-00000710-00001135": "Firstly, rather than projecting the ball onto the circle, we can encode its exact position.", "b2ZS0feFZ5u-00003-00001168-00001531": "And secondly, we can extend the circle to this tube-like shape."}}, {"audio_id": "b3vEMfaMp3k", "text": {"b3vEMfaMp3k-00000-00000012-00000271": "(mellow music)", "b3vEMfaMp3k-00001-00000549-00000744": "- Thank you for tuning in", "b3vEMfaMp3k-00002-00000744-00001074": "to the Hoppin Hot Sauce Pepper Show.", "b3vEMfaMp3k-00003-00001560-00001889": "We've got a great episode", "b3vEMfaMp3k-00004-00001889-00002388": "full of life-altering experiences and information.", "b3vEMfaMp3k-00005-00002637-00002889": "You can't get it anywhere else.", "b3vEMfaMp3k-00006-00003162-00003497": "Now here's a word from our sponsor.", "b3vEMfaMp3k-00007-00003497-00003704": "♪ Hoppin Hot Sauce ♪", "b3vEMfaMp3k-00008-00003704-00003921": "♪ It's the best hot sauce ♪", "b3vEMfaMp3k-00009-00003921-00004130": "♪ Hoppin Hot Sauce ♪", "b3vEMfaMp3k-00010-00004130-00004541": "♪ It's the best sauce in the world ♪", "b3vEMfaMp3k-00011-00004541-00004923": "♪ The world, I'm telling you ♪", "b3vEMfaMp3k-00012-00004923-00005154": "Hoppin Hot Sauce is a movement", "b3vEMfaMp3k-00013-00005154-00005436": "and the Pepper Show is a thing.", "b3vEMfaMp3k-00014-00005577-00005766": "It's good to be back.", "b3vEMfaMp3k-00015-00006312-00006695": "As some of you may already know,", "b3vEMfaMp3k-00016-00006695-00007026": "we had a supply chain disruption.", "b3vEMfaMp3k-00017-00007317-00007748": "Hoppin Hot Sauce has been unavailable for months", "b3vEMfaMp3k-00018-00007748-00007974": "and we apologize for that.", "b3vEMfaMp3k-00019-00008304-00008739": "There were inevitable circumstances", "b3vEMfaMp3k-00020-00008739-00008997": "that could not be avoided.", "b3vEMfaMp3k-00021-00009879-00010203": "Thank you to the many great customers", "b3vEMfaMp3k-00022-00010203-00010638": "who reached out to us using the contact form.", "b3vEMfaMp3k-00023-00010872-00011148": "Thank you to the hordes", "b3vEMfaMp3k-00024-00011148-00011457": "of followers who DM'd us.", "b3vEMfaMp3k-00025-00012027-00012135": "Thanks...", "b3vEMfaMp3k-00026-00012135-00012555": "Thanks are also due to the robots", "b3vEMfaMp3k-00027-00012555-00012859": "who acknowledged our existence", "b3vEMfaMp3k-00028-00013041-00013392": "by sending us countless spam inquiries.", "b3vEMfaMp3k-00029-00013908-00014367": "I felt the pain of the people who wrote me,", "b3vEMfaMp3k-00030-00014457-00014850": "that through no fault of their own,", "b3vEMfaMp3k-00031-00014850-00015264": "despite stocking up and buying extra,", "b3vEMfaMp3k-00032-00015416-00015627": "they had run out of sauce.", "b3vEMfaMp3k-00033-00015791-00015960": "They ran out.", "b3vEMfaMp3k-00034-00015960-00016170": "It's no fault of their own.", "b3vEMfaMp3k-00035-00016944-00017202": "I, John Hoppin,", "b3vEMfaMp3k-00036-00017202-00017694": "sincerely offer my deepest heartfelt apologies", "b3vEMfaMp3k-00037-00017790-00018243": "to anyone who ate eggs or pizza without our hot sauce.", "b3vEMfaMp3k-00038-00018801-00019116": "Some people even wrote in", "b3vEMfaMp3k-00039-00019116-00019476": "to ask if I could recommend something", "b3vEMfaMp3k-00040-00019476-00019698": "to use as a substitute.", "b3vEMfaMp3k-00041-00019830-00020034": "And I'll tell you now,", "b3vEMfaMp3k-00042-00020034-00020178": "as I told them,", "b3vEMfaMp3k-00043-00020331-00020796": "accept no substitutes and brook no imitations.", "b3vEMfaMp3k-00044-00020973-00021408": "There is no substitute for Hoppin Hot Sauce.", "b3vEMfaMp3k-00045-00021408-00021675": "It's the best sauce in the world.", "b3vEMfaMp3k-00046-00022347-00022614": "Gather round me, friends,", "b3vEMfaMp3k-00047-00022719-00022962": "for I have great news.", "b3vEMfaMp3k-00048-00023124-00023334": "Great news to share.", "b3vEMfaMp3k-00049-00023334-00023721": "Those dark things have now come to an end.", "b3vEMfaMp3k-00050-00023913-00024222": "Hoppin Hot Sauce is available.", "b3vEMfaMp3k-00051-00024951-00025326": "Ask your local green grocer about it.", "b3vEMfaMp3k-00052-00025788-00026121": "You can find it on Amazon.com.", "b3vEMfaMp3k-00053-00026430-00026856": "Find Hoppin Hot Sauce at Williams Sonoma.", "b3vEMfaMp3k-00054-00027054-00027501": "Williams Sonoma stores in the Western region.", "b3vEMfaMp3k-00055-00027726-00027957": "Talking 'bout Palo Alto,", "b3vEMfaMp3k-00056-00028041-00028239": "San Francisco,", "b3vEMfaMp3k-00057-00028341-00028494": "Santa Monica,", "b3vEMfaMp3k-00058-00028664-00028917": "Corte Madera,", "b3vEMfaMp3k-00059-00028917-00029100": "San Ramon,", "b3vEMfaMp3k-00060-00029183-00029292": "Littleton,", "b3vEMfaMp3k-00061-00029412-00029529": "Phoenix,", "b3vEMfaMp3k-00062-00029645-00029772": "Tigard,", "b3vEMfaMp3k-00063-00029772-00029907": "and Seattle.", "b3vEMfaMp3k-00064-00030630-00030969": "Hoppin Hot Sauce is now available", "b3vEMfaMp3k-00065-00030969-00031329": "at Galvan's Market in San Leandro.", "b3vEMfaMp3k-00066-00031836-00032336": "In the beautiful Rose Garden area of San Jose,", "b3vEMfaMp3k-00067-00032388-00032888": "you can find Hoppin Hot Sauce at Zanotto's Family Market.", "b3vEMfaMp3k-00068-00033099-00033525": "At Park Station Hashery in San Jose,", "b3vEMfaMp3k-00069-00033525-00033957": "you can enjoy a tasty hamburger", "b3vEMfaMp3k-00070-00033957-00034164": "with Hoppin Hot Sauce on it.", "b3vEMfaMp3k-00071-00034764-00035046": "My parents also live in San Jose", "b3vEMfaMp3k-00072-00035046-00035319": "so shout outs to my parents.", "b3vEMfaMp3k-00073-00035739-00035904": "It's good to be back.", "b3vEMfaMp3k-00074-00036033-00036342": "It's good to be back on the Pepper Show.", "b3vEMfaMp3k-00075-00036342-00036663": "The Hoppin Hot Sauce Pepper Show.", "b3vEMfaMp3k-00076-00036663-00036897": "There's none like it.", "b3vEMfaMp3k-00077-00036897-00037065": "It's a secret society.", "b3vEMfaMp3k-00078-00037065-00037305": "All we ask is trust.", "b3vEMfaMp3k-00079-00037806-00038064": "For mealtime matters,", "b3vEMfaMp3k-00080-00038064-00038265": "saucy scenes,", "b3vEMfaMp3k-00081-00038265-00038742": "and today's condiments of consequence,", "b3vEMfaMp3k-00082-00038742-00039150": "like, share, and follow Hoppin Hot Sauce.", "b3vEMfaMp3k-00083-00039894-00040394": "Even in the direst of circumstances,", "b3vEMfaMp3k-00084-00040410-00040910": "you can still make a pretty decent version of guacamole", "b3vEMfaMp3k-00085-00041061-00041472": "by mashing up an avocado with Hoppin Hot Sauce.", "b3vEMfaMp3k-00086-00041856-00042015": "Pro tip:", "b3vEMfaMp3k-00087-00042015-00042150": "use a fork.", "b3vEMfaMp3k-00088-00042948-00043347": "There is tremendous energy and creative upheaval", "b3vEMfaMp3k-00089-00043347-00043847": "surrounding the Hoppin Hot Sauce Pepper Show at this time", "b3vEMfaMp3k-00090-00043965-00044340": "and there has been for some time really.", "b3vEMfaMp3k-00091-00044502-00044772": "Thank you for tuning in to the Pepper Show.", "b3vEMfaMp3k-00092-00045105-00045264": "Remember:", "b3vEMfaMp3k-00093-00045264-00045486": "don't watch anything else", "b3vEMfaMp3k-00094-00045486-00045754": "except the Hoppin Hot Sauce", "b3vEMfaMp3k-00095-00045864-00046062": "YouTube channel.", "b3vEMfaMp3k-00096-00046317-00046817": "Play it looped on all the devices in your home", "b3vEMfaMp3k-00097-00046884-00047202": "and even in the car while you're driving.", "b3vEMfaMp3k-00098-00047643-00047988": "Why not while you're at the office too?", "b3vEMfaMp3k-00099-00048081-00048577": "Go ahead and tune the TVs in the reception area", "b3vEMfaMp3k-00100-00048747-00048942": "to Hoppin Hot Sauce.", "b3vEMfaMp3k-00101-00049761-00050152": "Kinks in the supply chain have been ironed out.", "b3vEMfaMp3k-00102-00050427-00050706": "Hoppin Hot Sauce is back.", "b3vEMfaMp3k-00103-00050937-00051437": "Find it in its usual stall at the bazaar.", "b3vEMfaMp3k-00104-00052032-00052323": "Thanks for watching the Pepper Show.", "b3vEMfaMp3k-00105-00053199-00053394": "Got the hot sauce pen.", "b3vEMfaMp3k-00106-00053526-00053691": "People always ask.", "b3vEMfaMp3k-00107-00053804-00054258": "I even send emails using the Hoppin Hot Sauce pen. I...", "b3vEMfaMp3k-00108-00054636-00054836": "Everything with the pen."}}, {"audio_id": "b3z6wXBu7rE", "text": {"b3z6wXBu7rE-00000-00000438-00000638": "DRGYT"}}, {"audio_id": "b44s-n0tJVA", "text": {"b44s-n0tJVA-00000-00000117-00000466": "Hello and welcome back to History of Goju-Ryu.", "b44s-n0tJVA-00001-00000466-00000842": "Before we get started, I’d like to say that in the time since the last episode I filmed", "b44s-n0tJVA-00002-00000842-00001339": "and now, the Art of One Dojo channel has put out their first video in the History of Shotokan", "b44s-n0tJVA-00003-00001339-00001439": "series.", "b44s-n0tJVA-00004-00001439-00001852": "It’s really wonderful, and I highly recommend you watch it if you enjoy this series.", "b44s-n0tJVA-00005-00001852-00002383": "Mr. Dan and the Art of One Dojo channel are inspirations of mine, and some of their earlier", "b44s-n0tJVA-00006-00002383-00002866": "series including History of Kyokushin, were the impetus for me to start this series.", "b44s-n0tJVA-00007-00002866-00003093": "Also, his editing is amazing.", "b44s-n0tJVA-00008-00003093-00003332": "Now, let’s get into it.", "b44s-n0tJVA-00009-00003332-00003701": "While Miyagi Chojun didn’t name an official successor to Goju-Ryu before passing away", "b44s-n0tJVA-00010-00003701-00004207": "in 1953, there are many who have claimed that title for themselves or their sensei.", "b44s-n0tJVA-00011-00004207-00004705": "But perhaps the earliest of these was Yamaguchi “Gogen” Jitsumi.", "b44s-n0tJVA-00012-00004705-00005004": "Yamaguchi was born in Kyushu Japan in 1909.", "b44s-n0tJVA-00013-00005004-00005492": "At a young age, he began studying Jigen-ryu kenjutsu, one of the traditional schools of", "b44s-n0tJVA-00014-00005492-00005632": "Japanese swordsmanship.", "b44s-n0tJVA-00015-00005632-00006196": "Later, he recounts meeting a karateka named Maruta Takeo, who was his introduction to", "b44s-n0tJVA-00016-00006196-00006296": "karate.", "b44s-n0tJVA-00017-00006296-00006576": "Maruta seems to have been his teacher for a long time.", "b44s-n0tJVA-00018-00006576-00007054": "Yamaguchi would eventually enter the Ritsumeikan University in Kyoto, studying law.", "b44s-n0tJVA-00019-00007054-00007303": "He began teaching karate during this time.", "b44s-n0tJVA-00020-00007303-00007936": "In 1930, at the age of 21, Yamaguchi began the Ritsumeikan Karate Research Society, a", "b44s-n0tJVA-00021-00007936-00008481": "club for practicing karate, with friend and fellow karateka Yogi Jitsuei.", "b44s-n0tJVA-00022-00008481-00008877": "It was around this time that he and Yogi wrote to Miyagi Sensei, inviting him to visit their", "b44s-n0tJVA-00023-00008877-00009332": "university, which would be accepted by Miyagi in 1931.", "b44s-n0tJVA-00024-00009332-00009953": "Also, Yamaguchi seemed to get into a lot of trouble, including driving ‘leftist’ groups", "b44s-n0tJVA-00025-00009953-00010292": "off of campus, and getting into many altercations.", "b44s-n0tJVA-00026-00010292-00010906": "In 1931, Miyagi Chojun Sensei visited the Ritsumeikan Karate Research Society, and he", "b44s-n0tJVA-00027-00010906-00011153": "would return in 1935.", "b44s-n0tJVA-00028-00011153-00011495": "These are the only periods of time during which it was conceivable that Yamaguchi ever", "b44s-n0tJVA-00029-00011495-00011739": "studied directly with Miyagi.", "b44s-n0tJVA-00030-00011739-00012064": "According to Yamaguchi and his family, it was during this time that he was given the", "b44s-n0tJVA-00031-00012064-00012465": "nickname “Gogen”, meaning, loosely, rough.", "b44s-n0tJVA-00032-00012465-00012953": "Yamaguchi asserts that Miyagi Sensei said “I have nothing more to teach you” and", "b44s-n0tJVA-00033-00012953-00013319": "entrusted the task of spreading Goju-Ryu on the mainland to him.", "b44s-n0tJVA-00034-00013319-00013468": "Is this true?", "b44s-n0tJVA-00035-00013468-00013748": "The short answer is: no one knows.", "b44s-n0tJVA-00036-00013748-00014278": "The Yamaguchi family hasn’t produced any documentation of this claim, and Miyagi never", "b44s-n0tJVA-00037-00014278-00014726": "named any of his Okinawan students as successor, despite training with them for decades.", "b44s-n0tJVA-00038-00014726-00015269": "However, it is undeniable that Yamaguchi spread Goju-Ryu across mainland Japan, which is no", "b44s-n0tJVA-00039-00015269-00015405": "small feat.", "b44s-n0tJVA-00040-00015405-00015840": "Some have speculated that he never learned the full range of Goju-Ryu kata from Miyagi", "b44s-n0tJVA-00041-00015840-00016326": "himself, and instead learned them from other students of Miyagi, such as Yagi Meitoku.", "b44s-n0tJVA-00042-00016326-00016878": "Yamaguchi was known for being very spiritual, involved in an incredibly eclectic version", "b44s-n0tJVA-00043-00016878-00016987": "of Shinto worship.", "b44s-n0tJVA-00044-00016987-00017638": "He was also incredibly nationalist, and in 1938, joined the Japanese presence in Manchukuo.", "b44s-n0tJVA-00045-00017638-00018190": "Manchukuo had been occupied since 1931, and some historians consider the Manchurian incident", "b44s-n0tJVA-00046-00018190-00018562": "to be the start of the Second Sino-Japanese War, one of the conflicts that makes up the", "b44s-n0tJVA-00047-00018562-00018801": "historical understanding of World War II.", "b44s-n0tJVA-00048-00018801-00019295": "Yamaguchi gives several fantastical accounts of his service in Manchukuo, including disarming", "b44s-n0tJVA-00049-00019295-00019695": "multiple attackers with karate techniques, as well as a difficult fight with a local", "b44s-n0tJVA-00050-00019695-00019878": "kung-fu master.", "b44s-n0tJVA-00051-00019878-00020303": "Perhaps the most fascinating account, albeit the least believable, is an attack by “a", "b44s-n0tJVA-00052-00020303-00020795": "thousand Communist bandits”, where he describes roundhouse kicking, finger striking, and jump", "b44s-n0tJVA-00053-00020795-00021218": "kicking a number of armed bandits, whose bullets and swords failed to do more than graze his", "b44s-n0tJVA-00054-00021218-00021318": "left arm.", "b44s-n0tJVA-00055-00021318-00021900": "While I suppose this account is possible, it’s also very likely that the exact situation", "b44s-n0tJVA-00056-00021900-00022367": "was misremembered on account of adrenaline and the passage of time.", "b44s-n0tJVA-00057-00022367-00022870": "In 1945, the USSR entered the Pacific front of World War II, fighting on the side of the", "b44s-n0tJVA-00058-00022870-00023270": "Allies against Japan, particularly in Manchuria and Northern China.", "b44s-n0tJVA-00059-00023270-00023736": "While Japan surrendered only weeks after the USSR began hostilities, the Soviet forces", "b44s-n0tJVA-00060-00023736-00024165": "still took many POWs, including Yamaguchi Jitsumi.", "b44s-n0tJVA-00061-00024165-00024620": "He would be a prisoner for two years, returning to Japan in 1947.", "b44s-n0tJVA-00062-00024620-00025020": "There is an apocryphal story claiming that Yamaguchi once fought and killed a tiger using", "b44s-n0tJVA-00063-00025020-00025209": "his karate techniques.", "b44s-n0tJVA-00064-00025209-00025622": "This may have been during his service in Manchuria, as he recounts once being captured by Chinese", "b44s-n0tJVA-00065-00025622-00025754": "government forces.", "b44s-n0tJVA-00066-00025754-00026222": "However, since there was no Chinese government in Manchukuo at the time, it may have also", "b44s-n0tJVA-00067-00026222-00026469": "transpired during his time as a POW.", "b44s-n0tJVA-00068-00026469-00026708": "Or, it might be a myth.", "b44s-n0tJVA-00069-00026708-00027148": "After returning to Japan, Yamaguchi was despondent, as were many Japanese, due to the complete", "b44s-n0tJVA-00070-00027148-00027395": "devastation the war had brought.", "b44s-n0tJVA-00071-00027395-00027792": "He recounts having a spiritual awakening, diving into Shinto and yoga.", "b44s-n0tJVA-00072-00027792-00028402": "He is on film using a crystal ball for divination and communication with Shinto kami, and was", "b44s-n0tJVA-00073-00028402-00028856": "known to teach meditation based in Shinto and Buddhist practices . This practice does", "b44s-n0tJVA-00074-00028856-00029412": "not affect most of his students in the Goju-Kai, but is definitely odd to witness.", "b44s-n0tJVA-00075-00029412-00030001": "Yamaguchi established the Goju-Kai organization in 1950 after returning from USSR control,", "b44s-n0tJVA-00076-00030001-00030385": "and quickly began promoting the organization throughout Japan.", "b44s-n0tJVA-00077-00030385-00030788": "Perhaps his greatest claim to fame is his assertion that he introduced free-sparring,", "b44s-n0tJVA-00078-00030788-00031252": "known as jiyū kumite, into karate practice as a result of his experience in Kenjutsu", "b44s-n0tJVA-00079-00031252-00031439": "and other koryu martial arts.", "b44s-n0tJVA-00080-00031439-00031983": "While Okinawan karateka may have not practiced free-sparring in the dojo (this is a debatable", "b44s-n0tJVA-00081-00031983-00032330": "claim), there are several accounts claiming that they either sought out or were thrust", "b44s-n0tJVA-00082-00032330-00032537": "into street fights fairly often.", "b44s-n0tJVA-00083-00032537-00032984": "However, Yamaguchi’s style of free-sparring may have influenced the point based sparring", "b44s-n0tJVA-00084-00032984-00033373": "contests we see today.", "b44s-n0tJVA-00085-00033373-00033829": "Yamaguchi was also instrumental in promoting karate across Japan and to America.", "b44s-n0tJVA-00086-00033829-00034347": "In 1964, he helped found an organization called the All Japan Karate-Do Federation, which", "b44s-n0tJVA-00087-00034347-00034596": "still exists as the JKF.", "b44s-n0tJVA-00088-00034596-00035172": "He also took on many foreign students, including Peter Urban, who he met in 1954 and rapidly", "b44s-n0tJVA-00089-00035172-00035481": "promoted to 5th dan by 1959.", "b44s-n0tJVA-00090-00035481-00036264": "His sons Gosei, Gosen, and Goshi brought the Goju-Kai to the US in the early 1960s.", "b44s-n0tJVA-00091-00036264-00036891": "Eventually, Yamaguchi Jitsumi passed away in 1989, leaving behind a storied and controversial", "b44s-n0tJVA-00092-00036891-00036991": "legacy.", "b44s-n0tJVA-00093-00036991-00037423": "He passed on control of the Goju-Kai organization to his children, who continue to teach his", "b44s-n0tJVA-00094-00037423-00037523": "style.", "b44s-n0tJVA-00095-00037523-00038030": "However, he also has drawn a lot of criticism from other factions of Goju-Ryu for his eccentricity", "b44s-n0tJVA-00096-00038030-00038408": "and fixation on situating himself as Miyagi’s true successor.", "b44s-n0tJVA-00097-00038408-00038874": "Nevertheless, he had a large influence on the landscape of Goju-Ryu, and his organization", "b44s-n0tJVA-00098-00038874-00039246": "and its alumni have brought Goju to a large number of people.", "b44s-n0tJVA-00099-00039246-00039560": "Thanks for watching History of Goju-Ryu, and for making it through.", "b44s-n0tJVA-00100-00039560-00039989": "I hope that I haven’t alienated too many people, whether your lineage comes from Yamaguchi", "b44s-n0tJVA-00101-00039989-00040348": "Sensei or you disagree with his claims of successorship.", "b44s-n0tJVA-00102-00040348-00040804": "My goal was to present him as an important martial artist, but acknowledge the controversies", "b44s-n0tJVA-00103-00040804-00040947": "surrounding him.", "b44s-n0tJVA-00104-00040947-00041313": "If you enjoyed this video, please give it a like, and leave a comment letting me know", "b44s-n0tJVA-00105-00041313-00041566": "which karate master you’d like me to cover next.", "b44s-n0tJVA-00106-00041566-00041941": "While you’re down there, please subscribe to this channel, and hit the notification", "b44s-n0tJVA-00107-00041941-00042336": "bell so you know when I put out the next episode of History of Goju-Ryu.", "b44s-n0tJVA-00108-00042336-00042722": "As always, I’ve been the Goju-Ryu Philosopher, and go out there and get an ippon-gachi."}}, {"audio_id": "b4iqlp4or7I", "text": {"b4iqlp4or7I-00000-00001461-00001561": "Make money Today"}}, {"audio_id": "b4s9qqJ7tiy", "text": {"b4s9qqJ7tiy-00000-00000040-00000576": "Hello, my name is Zena Ali Ahmad. I am the resident representative for the United Nations", "b4s9qqJ7tiy-00001-00000576-00001136": "Development Program in Iraq, where I have been working to support our programming in", "b4s9qqJ7tiy-00002-00001136-00001688": "the country over the last three years. I am here at USIP today with a group", "b4s9qqJ7tiy-00003-00001688-00002496": "of our experts and our friends at USIP to look at innovative solutions on how to address the", "b4s9qqJ7tiy-00004-00002496-00003136": "humanitarian development and peace nexus. Including solutions to look at climate change", "b4s9qqJ7tiy-00005-00003136-00004484": "challenges that we are witnessing in the world and in Iraq these days.", "b4s9qqJ7tiy-00006-00004592-00005192": "Iraq is one of the most fragile countries in the world according to the indicators of the OECD", "b4s9qqJ7tiy-00007-00005192-00005744": "fragility framework. And on those indicators, actually, environmental sustainability is", "b4s9qqJ7tiy-00008-00005744-00006288": "one of the worst. If you live in Iraq, for a normal person living in Iraq, climate change", "b4s9qqJ7tiy-00009-00006288-00007176": "now is a reality. If you go to the south of Iraq for example in Basrah the marshes are drying out.", "b4s9qqJ7tiy-00010-00007176-00007880": "If you look at what we call Shatt al-Arab which is where the Tigris and the al-Furat actually meet,", "b4s9qqJ7tiy-00011-00007880-00008400": "the two big rivers of Iraq, it has been drying out. Some areas like Diyala", "b4s9qqJ7tiy-00012-00008464-00009008": "it has been drying out the small rivers also. And this is because of climate change, it's because of", "b4s9qqJ7tiy-00013-00009008-00009848": "drought, it's because of transboundary lesser flows of water into the country and it is because", "b4s9qqJ7tiy-00014-00009848-00010288": "of the high temperature that we have been witnessing over the last two or three years.", "b4s9qqJ7tiy-00015-00010952-00011448": "Iraq has been an unstable country I have to say over the last 20 years and even", "b4s9qqJ7tiy-00016-00011448-00012080": "beyond that before that. We have seen a lot of conflicts that are made man-made conflicts", "b4s9qqJ7tiy-00017-00012080-00012880": "and now we're seeing much more conflicts over resources. We are also witnessing some climate", "b4s9qqJ7tiy-00018-00012880-00013447": "change induced displacements especially in the southern part of Iraq. Actually, it will", "b4s9qqJ7tiy-00019-00013447-00014136": "threaten whatever fragile peace we have all been working also as an international community", "b4s9qqJ7tiy-00020-00014136-00014696": "and United Nations agencies in the country to support the stability of this country.", "b4s9qqJ7tiy-00021-00014696-00015368": "What we are saying is that nomadic livelihoods opportunities are really eroding,", "b4s9qqJ7tiy-00022-00015368-00016016": "people have to move. People on the move as we've seen when we had the ISIL conflict seven or eight", "b4s9qqJ7tiy-00023-00016016-00016792": "years ago when there was occupied territories by ISIL, is that displacement breeds conflict", "b4s9qqJ7tiy-00024-00016792-00017368": "and conflict over resources is one also of the issues that Iraq will face over the coming period.", "b4s9qqJ7tiy-00025-00018000-00018560": "We have been trying, us and our partners and donors and development partners and other U.N.", "b4s9qqJ7tiy-00026-00018560-00019120": "agencies, to work on different solutions. We are now working on three main pathways.", "b4s9qqJ7tiy-00027-00019176-00019720": "One is to help the country to look at energy transformation. So, really looking at, it's a very", "b4s9qqJ7tiy-00028-00019720-00020432": "oil dependent country, so looking actually at how we can transform into solar and renewable energy.", "b4s9qqJ7tiy-00029-00020432-00021120": "The second is looking at water and water in sense of water governance internally. So, looking at the", "b4s9qqJ7tiy-00030-00021120-00021768": "pipes, the irrigation canals, the usage of water but also helping Iraq to negotiate", "b4s9qqJ7tiy-00031-00021768-00022376": "its transboundary water agreements. And third is what we call nature-based solutions. So, in the", "b4s9qqJ7tiy-00032-00022376-00023104": "marshlands for example to help the the population within these areas that are at risk of climate", "b4s9qqJ7tiy-00033-00023104-00023984": "induced displacements to work on sustainable nature-based solutions for their areas."}}, {"audio_id": "b4wrXLKetT4", "text": {"b4wrXLKetT4-00000-00000000-00000468": "Okay so this is uh my uh disclaimer slide.", "b4wrXLKetT4-00001-00000678-00001031": "So, in the next 30 to 40 minutes", "b4wrXLKetT4-00002-00001031-00001501": "I will discuss some of the historical backgroundabout HLA discovery", "b4wrXLKetT4-00003-00001501-00002081": "then I will explainbriefly how to identify  novel HLA alleles using the", "b4wrXLKetT4-00004-00002081-00002314": "TSV software from One Lambda,", "b4wrXLKetT4-00005-00002314-00002829": "andlastly, I will wrap up my presentation by showing all the necessary steps", "b4wrXLKetT4-00006-00002829-00003288": "to submita novel HLA allele to the IMGT website.", "b4wrXLKetT4-00007-00003528-00004098": "So I will start with some of the historical background about the HLA discovery.", "b4wrXLKetT4-00008-00004142-00004699": "So our field started in 1958 when Dr. Dausset noticed that", "b4wrXLKetT4-00009-00004699-00005137": "mixingpatient Serum with another individual's cells, it agglutinate.", "b4wrXLKetT4-00010-00005181-00005755": "He did two more observations, thepatient's serum  agglutinates some of the leukocytes and some not", "b4wrXLKetT4-00011-00005755-00006293": "and the second observation he noticed, that it never agglutinates the patient's own cells.", "b4wrXLKetT4-00012-00006293-00006926": "Dr. Dausset named the antigen agglutinated  by this sera as MAC or M.A.C", "b4wrXLKetT4-00013-00006926-00007310": "and this antigen is now known as theHLA A2.", "b4wrXLKetT4-00014-00007431-00007775": "Ten years later an official committee was formed", "b4wrXLKetT4-00015-00007775-00008238": "and they published a report which listed all the eight recognized antigen at that time", "b4wrXLKetT4-00016-00008334-00008532": "And in 1971,", "b4wrXLKetT4-00017-00008532-00009320": "anti-sera were identified, which onlyreacted  with mutually exclusive subsets of HLA A9 positive cells", "b4wrXLKetT4-00018-00009320-00009754": "this observation resulted in naming two new HLA antigens,", "b4wrXLKetT4-00019-00009754-00010062": "the HLA A23 and the HLA A24.", "b4wrXLKetT4-00020-00010128-00010462": "HLA A9 was considered a parent antigen.", "b4wrXLKetT4-00021-00010462-00011159": "AndHLA A23 and HLA A24 were referred to as the split of HLA A9", "b4wrXLKetT4-00022-00011313-00011919": "In 1980, HLA B7was the first gene  to be sequenced by chemical degradation", "b4wrXLKetT4-00023-00011919-00012493": "And in 1991, Sanger Sequence was introduced clinically to the HLA lab,", "b4wrXLKetT4-00024-00012493-00013218": "and was the gold standard for high-resolution typing, until it was replaced by Next-Generation sequencing in 2010.", "b4wrXLKetT4-00025-00013476-00014006": "So in 2010, was also the birth of the new HLA nomenclature", "b4wrXLKetT4-00026-00014006-00014376": "which allowed adding Infinity number of new alleles", "b4wrXLKetT4-00027-00014376-00014672": "andit's also known as the four-field resolution.", "b4wrXLKetT4-00028-00014741-00015254": "So the first field corresponds to the serological antigen or the allele family.", "b4wrXLKetT4-00029-00015347-00015936": "The second field represents the subtype of the antigen, which is typed by the molecular method.", "b4wrXLKetT4-00030-00016026-00016385": "And a change in the coding sequence in the DNA that results", "b4wrXLKetT4-00031-00016385-00016775": "in a synonymous mutation is represented in the thirdfield,", "b4wrXLKetT4-00032-00016775-00017172": "and the fourth field represents  difference in non-coding region", "b4wrXLKetT4-00033-00017172-00017701": "lastly thesuffix at the end represents  the expression level, so it could be low", "b4wrXLKetT4-00034-00017701-00018234": "null or secretedantigen or questionable antigen as well.", "b4wrXLKetT4-00035-00018474-00019184": "So as you know um the HLA system is the most polymorphic region known in human genome", "b4wrXLKetT4-00036-00019184-00019656": "so today there is over uh 25 000 HLA alleles", "b4wrXLKetT4-00037-00019656-00020019": "for classone as seen in this light green bar", "b4wrXLKetT4-00038-00020019-00020499": "and over 10,000 HLA class two as seen in the dark green bar", "b4wrXLKetT4-00039-00020523-00021222": "andI can see the growth of the number of alleles over this years is reflected to the method of typingthat was available", "b4wrXLKetT4-00040-00021222-00021543": "so, if we took the first phase as an example", "b4wrXLKetT4-00041-00021543-00021877": "the CDC was the gold standard of HLAtyping.", "b4wrXLKetT4-00042-00021877-00022437": "And in the early 2000s, the molecular method  started to replace the CDC.", "b4wrXLKetT4-00043-00022478-00022951": "And in the third phase represent the introduction of NGS typing method", "b4wrXLKetT4-00044-00022951-00023148": "and in conclusion,", "b4wrXLKetT4-00045-00023148-00023696": "this means that every timethere is a new method  or there is an advancement of new method", "b4wrXLKetT4-00046-00023696-00024132": "there will be faster and more novel alleles will be discovered.", "b4wrXLKetT4-00047-00024378-00024705": "And to date, now a lot of the HLA had", "b4wrXLKetT4-00048-00024705-00025050": "switchedto the sequence-based method", "b4wrXLKetT4-00049-00025050-00025451": "for actually typing especially after the new NMDP policy", "b4wrXLKetT4-00050-00025451-00025939": "which required the patient and the donor  to be typed by sequence-based method", "b4wrXLKetT4-00051-00025939-00026593": "and here sequencethis method could be Sanger Sequence  or could be Next-Generation Sequence", "b4wrXLKetT4-00052-00026593-00027369": "So before that policy,our lab where we're using SSP  as the primary method for high-resolution typing", "b4wrXLKetT4-00053-00027369-00027814": "but afterthe after this policy  we switched directly to", "b4wrXLKetT4-00054-00027814-00028295": "Next Generation sequencing without  evenan intermediate phase of Sanger sequencing", "b4wrXLKetT4-00055-00028542-00029232": "And also the ASHI standard has updated um to include that the high-resolution typing", "b4wrXLKetT4-00056-00029232-00029945": "must exclude the entire common intermediate and well-documented HLA alleles based on the latest", "b4wrXLKetT4-00057-00029945-00030756": "CIWD version 3. And what's the impact in that the impact is that now the current basic molecular", "b4wrXLKetT4-00058-00030756-00031313": "method that most of the lab we're using will not be able to rule out all the CIWD", "b4wrXLKetT4-00059-00031357-00031786": "so if you are not aware about how many actually allies are added to", "b4wrXLKetT4-00060-00031786-00032204": "the CIWD version 3, I will explain it in the next slide.", "b4wrXLKetT4-00061-00032350-00033024": "So back again to the polymorphism graph again so what you see in the in the y-axis is", "b4wrXLKetT4-00062-00033024-00033618": "the total number of HLA alleles and the x-axis represent the number of actually alleles added", "b4wrXLKetT4-00063-00033618-00034272": "every year and it's cumulative you can appreciate that every year more actually alleles are added", "b4wrXLKetT4-00064-00034272-00034920": "however the majority of these alleles are very rare this means that you might not see", "b4wrXLKetT4-00065-00034920-00035712": "them again in in your entire life and so in 2012 a group of researchers established the", "b4wrXLKetT4-00066-00035712-00036300": "common and well-documented documented actually alleles based on the allele frequency and they", "b4wrXLKetT4-00067-00036300-00037002": "found that only 17 percent of these alleles are only CWD and then with advancement of the", "b4wrXLKetT4-00068-00037002-00037794": "method new alleles got added for that reason CWD let's got Revisited again in 2020 and the", "b4wrXLKetT4-00069-00037794-00038556": "number of the ciwd actually were tripled and now it's called the ciwd version 3.", "b4wrXLKetT4-00070-00038760-00039420": "so if anyone asks me why it's important to report a novel HLA actually alleles I can", "b4wrXLKetT4-00071-00039492-00040122": "simply answer this in two sentences the first is actually is the most polymorphic region so it's", "b4wrXLKetT4-00072-00040122-00040570": "going to be evolve and there's  more genes thatwill be discovered", "b4wrXLKetT4-00073-00040570-00041284": "even with more if now the NGS is the most current method for typing butif there's", "b4wrXLKetT4-00074-00041284-00041712": "I don't know in maybe in the next five or ten years there will be another method", "b4wrXLKetT4-00075-00041712-00042198": "therewill be more aliens to be discovered  as well and it'll be easier for the labs", "b4wrXLKetT4-00076-00042198-00042466": "the other thing is as you have seen that", "b4wrXLKetT4-00077-00042466-00043000": "the CR CWD has been updated", "b4wrXLKetT4-00078-00043000-00043573": "so the rare alleles that you discovered today can be a common HLA alleles in the future.", "b4wrXLKetT4-00079-00043806-00044508": "So now let's see how can we identify a novelHLA allele using the TypeStream Visual NGS software.", "b4wrXLKetT4-00080-00044712-00045342": "So I'm only focusing on the novel alleles identified by the TSV. So,", "b4wrXLKetT4-00081-00045342-00046027": "if you are familiar with the TSV or the TypeStream Visual Softwarefrom One Lambda,", "b4wrXLKetT4-00082-00046027-00046710": "the default configuration of health metrics is to  red flag any mismatchin any exon.", "b4wrXLKetT4-00083-00046710-00047353": "So the first thing I usually examine in alleles,  is the health metricscolumn.", "b4wrXLKetT4-00084-00047353-00047543": "So if there is a red flag,", "b4wrXLKetT4-00085-00047543-00047809": "I look next at the mismatched column", "b4wrXLKetT4-00086-00047809-00048278": "and detect if there is anymismatch  in the key or the nine key exons.", "b4wrXLKetT4-00087-00048278-00048776": "and the key and the nine key exons for  class two thekey exon will be class two", "b4wrXLKetT4-00088-00048776-00049150": "and the nine key exons will be anything except class 2.", "b4wrXLKetT4-00089-00049150-00049626": "So in this example, there is a mismatch  in the non-key exon", "b4wrXLKetT4-00090-00049626-00049943": "in the in the DRB345 locus,", "b4wrXLKetT4-00091-00049943-00050302": "which could be anything exceptexon 2.", "b4wrXLKetT4-00092-00050302-00050813": "So the next step I look is to read look at the read coverage.", "b4wrXLKetT4-00093-00050813-00051426": "And in order to do that  Iusually click on the DRB345 locus.", "b4wrXLKetT4-00094-00051426-00051786": "So when you click on the DRB345 locus", "b4wrXLKetT4-00095-00051786-00052221": "this will open anotherwindow,  which is the read coverage display", "b4wrXLKetT4-00096-00052255-00052821": "and in the read coverage if you click on the mismatch allele", "b4wrXLKetT4-00097-00052821-00053124": "and then click in the right arrow", "b4wrXLKetT4-00098-00053124-00053372": "it will move you between the base pair", "b4wrXLKetT4-00099-00053372-00053712": "till you find the mismatched allele in the Exon", "b4wrXLKetT4-00100-00053712-00054188": "and in this example then it's mismatched  based pair is found in exonfour.", "b4wrXLKetT4-00101-00054188-00054384": "which is a non-key exon", "b4wrXLKetT4-00102-00054384-00054773": "the mismatched base will be highlighted in red as you can see", "b4wrXLKetT4-00103-00054773-00054988": "and theconsensus is A,", "b4wrXLKetT4-00104-00054988-00055854": "but you need to have G to call it the DRB30201  so from this simple screen you can", "b4wrXLKetT4-00105-00055854-00056255": "basically think that there is a novel allele", "b4wrXLKetT4-00106-00056255-00056964": "in that detected by TSV, but this steps is not enough you need to do extra steps to confirm", "b4wrXLKetT4-00107-00056964-00057349": "that this allele is a novel allele  so let's see howcan we do it.", "b4wrXLKetT4-00108-00057517-00057881": "So now let's get some details about our novel allele.", "b4wrXLKetT4-00109-00057881-00058608": "So in this example you can see the closest allele is that DRB3020102", "b4wrXLKetT4-00110-00058679-00059240": "And there is a mismatch in Exon 4  at the positionof 659.", "b4wrXLKetT4-00111-00059240-00059622": "and you can see that G has changed to A.", "b4wrXLKetT4-00112-00059700-00060099": "So the next step now is to click on the \"Info\" tab", "b4wrXLKetT4-00113-00060099-00060274": "which I highlighted here", "b4wrXLKetT4-00114-00060274-00060830": "and you can see that the genomic position is 11,298.", "b4wrXLKetT4-00115-00060830-00061285": "And I actually like this feature in TSV because the", "b4wrXLKetT4-00116-00061285-00061770": "the genomic position actually match what's the in the IMGT database.", "b4wrXLKetT4-00117-00061926-00062590": "The codon has a mutation is 191.2", "b4wrXLKetT4-00118-00062590-00063067": "which means that the mutation is present in the second base pair of the codon.", "b4wrXLKetT4-00119-00063067-00063361": "And then I look at the amino acid change", "b4wrXLKetT4-00120-00063361-00063522": "the reference allele is", "b4wrXLKetT4-00121-00063600-00063957": "um CGC which codes for arginine", "b4wrXLKetT4-00122-00063957-00064402": "but the consensus is CAG which code for glutamine", "b4wrXLKetT4-00123-00064402-00064895": "this means that it's a non non-silent or as non-synonymousmutation", "b4wrXLKetT4-00124-00064895-00065247": "the most important is to look at the read depth", "b4wrXLKetT4-00125-00065247-00066000": "and in our case you can see that we have a read depth of 2,086 which is like a", "b4wrXLKetT4-00126-00066000-00066312": "a big a big sufficient of reads", "b4wrXLKetT4-00127-00066312-00067052": "andyou can see that um for uh the depth in a is 380", "b4wrXLKetT4-00128-00067052-00067764": "and the depths for the other at least is 50,1590 so there is a slight allele imbalance.", "b4wrXLKetT4-00129-00067884-00068490": "But you have sufficient read in your in your minor allele to confirm that this is a novel allele", "b4wrXLKetT4-00130-00068568-00069408": "so if we look at the base variation chart especially at Exon 4 and xm4 here is represented", "b4wrXLKetT4-00131-00069408-00070086": "by this uh purple colon you can see there is some sort of allylic imbalance so a little one in green", "b4wrXLKetT4-00132-00070086-00070662": "and a little two in blue but it's well separated from the background noise which is in red", "b4wrXLKetT4-00133-00070938-00071658": "so this means that we we actually have a novel allele so we confirm it we did our extra homework", "b4wrXLKetT4-00134-00071658-00072258": "we look at the read coverage so let's see now how can we describe this novel allele", "b4wrXLKetT4-00135-00072408-00073026": "so in order to describe the imitation you need to understand the structure of the HLA Class 2 which", "b4wrXLKetT4-00136-00073026-00073686": "and which part of the beta chain is transcribed is transcribed by exon4 and you can see that", "b4wrXLKetT4-00137-00073686-00074388": "Exon 4 transcribed the transmit brain protein so the way you can describe this novel idea will be", "b4wrXLKetT4-00138-00074466-00075222": "um as I put it in the slide here so Dr beta 302 is a is a possible variant of the Dr beta", "b4wrXLKetT4-00139-00075222-00076476": "30202 due to the genomic position where 11 298 within Exon 4 and coding 191.2 this result in", "b4wrXLKetT4-00140-00076476-00077052": "a non-synonymous mutation because Arginine has become glutamine in the transmembrane", "b4wrXLKetT4-00141-00077052-00077634": "protein of the beta Gene and this is actually the non-antigenic recognition they mean and", "b4wrXLKetT4-00142-00077634-00078162": "this this description is very important because you need to add this description when you submit", "b4wrXLKetT4-00143-00078162-00078894": "your imgp if you forgot to add then this will delay your submission and they will ask you in", "b4wrXLKetT4-00144-00078894-00079458": "a separate email to ask us to to submit them the description of this new allele", "b4wrXLKetT4-00145-00079662-00080334": "so um I'm going back now to the read coverage again so in the read coverage um we'll click on", "b4wrXLKetT4-00146-00080334-00080958": "the novel basis and in in which is in the read window and you will notice that the software", "b4wrXLKetT4-00147-00080958-00081906": "named the novel allele as Dr beta 302 Neo the next step is to check mark the novel allele and then", "b4wrXLKetT4-00148-00081906-00082776": "click on create report so this this actually is an excellent feature in in the tsv software because", "b4wrXLKetT4-00149-00082878-00083574": "um in the past without this software it takes a lot of time to create the the faster Q5 and the", "b4wrXLKetT4-00150-00083574-00084222": "salary the faster files and the table annotation table but by click one click button you can get", "b4wrXLKetT4-00151-00084222-00085080": "them in in a second and we will see how so after you click create report this will pop up another", "b4wrXLKetT4-00152-00085080-00085692": "window and you need to find a suitable location in your PC to save these files it's important", "b4wrXLKetT4-00153-00085692-00086274": "to remember where you save these files and then you type the suitable name for the file example", "b4wrXLKetT4-00154-00086274-00087000": "you could use your accession number and then click save after you save you find two files", "b4wrXLKetT4-00155-00087000-00087702": "being created one of them is the faster file and the other is the table file and most important", "b4wrXLKetT4-00156-00087702-00088182": "is again to remember the location of this file because it happened to me several times after I", "b4wrXLKetT4-00157-00088182-00088662": "saved them I forgot where I saved them and I have to go back to tsv and create them again", "b4wrXLKetT4-00158-00088872-00089652": "so if you are curious on how does the fasterq files look like you can easily pick on the file", "b4wrXLKetT4-00159-00089652-00090390": "by opening uh the files using the notepad and this is how the faster file will look like in", "b4wrXLKetT4-00160-00090390-00090906": "the top you will see the description of the allele followed by the whole genome sequence", "b4wrXLKetT4-00161-00090906-00091620": "if you open the feature table file also through notepad the feature table will look like this", "b4wrXLKetT4-00162-00091620-00092214": "the this format will allows different kinds of feature to be annotated so example you", "b4wrXLKetT4-00163-00092214-00092904": "can add the gene at the coding region and also qualifier as the product or the node", "b4wrXLKetT4-00164-00092982-00093408": "and you don't need to do anything the software can do it for you", "b4wrXLKetT4-00165-00093474-00094176": "and uh and it's also restricted to those approved by the international nuclear nucleotide sequence", "b4wrXLKetT4-00166-00094176-00094884": "database collaboration and it's a it's actually a five column and each column is separated by a tab", "b4wrXLKetT4-00167-00094884-00095478": "and that's why it's called a tab delimited table you can do this table manually if you don't have", "b4wrXLKetT4-00168-00095478-00096168": "this feature in your NGS analysis software and but I'm not going through these steps uh in this", "b4wrXLKetT4-00169-00096168-00096912": "presentation but I added a link here that can guide you on how to do this stable uh manually", "b4wrXLKetT4-00170-00097140-00097956": "so next the next step is to confirm that this allele is actual a novel allele because remember", "b4wrXLKetT4-00171-00097956-00098790": "that the vendor software don't usually run the latest imgd database so the imgd database is", "b4wrXLKetT4-00172-00098790-00099534": "updated four times a year but the vendor software IMG database is usually updated twice a year so", "b4wrXLKetT4-00173-00099534-00100260": "there is usually a lag between the imgd and the vendor database so because because of that you", "b4wrXLKetT4-00174-00100260-00101034": "need to blast the sequence of your novel allele uh using this link and this will open the blast", "b4wrXLKetT4-00175-00101034-00101916": "website and from the nucleotide from the blast website you can click on nucleotide blast and", "b4wrXLKetT4-00176-00101916-00102606": "this will open another window and this is the the window that will open after you click click", "b4wrXLKetT4-00177-00102606-00103488": "the blast and you will see that the blast 10 is uh selected by default so the next step is click on", "b4wrXLKetT4-00178-00103488-00104388": "choose file and again you have to upload the FAFSA file that you saved on your computer that's why I", "b4wrXLKetT4-00179-00104388-00105059": "was asking you to remember where you have uh saved the faster file and then after you selected you", "b4wrXLKetT4-00180-00105059-00105792": "you use press open and then the faster file will be uploaded automatically to the blast website so", "b4wrXLKetT4-00181-00105792-00106283": "if you don't if you didn't do this step or your or your software that you're using doesn't have", "b4wrXLKetT4-00182-00106283-00106788": "the feature to create the faster file then you have to do it manually by pasting the sequence", "b4wrXLKetT4-00183-00106788-00107735": "in the Box above uh in the top left corner of this slide after you do this you just click blast", "b4wrXLKetT4-00184-00107844-00108480": "and depend on your internet speed and the the business of the server it usually takes", "b4wrXLKetT4-00185-00108480-00109122": "a couple seconds before you can get some data so if you look at the bottom of the screen you will", "b4wrXLKetT4-00186-00109122-00109740": "see hundreds of allele that are very close to the allele that you have just submitted and by", "b4wrXLKetT4-00187-00109740-00110459": "default it's usually sorted that the most closest allele is in the top and the least closest allele", "b4wrXLKetT4-00188-00110459-00111018": "is in the bottom so I usually like to choose the most closest idea because this is what we want to", "b4wrXLKetT4-00189-00111018-00111611": "see if our allele is a novel allele or someone else has been has submitted this alif to the", "b4wrXLKetT4-00190-00111611-00112452": "database so I in order to do that I just click the first allele and this will open a new window", "b4wrXLKetT4-00191-00112554-00113280": "and from this this will open um from this new end you can see the sequence that you selected will be", "b4wrXLKetT4-00192-00113280-00113970": "compared to the sequence that you have uploaded uh uploaded so in on the top nucleotides are", "b4wrXLKetT4-00193-00113970-00114492": "the sequence that was submitted and the bottom nucleotide are the reference sequence that was", "b4wrXLKetT4-00194-00114492-00115230": "just selected and this lines are the alignment lines so if you if you find a line between the", "b4wrXLKetT4-00195-00115230-00115776": "the two uh the two database the the reference and the one you submitted you know that there", "b4wrXLKetT4-00196-00115776-00116508": "is a consensus between both of them if there is a missing line this means that there is a mutation", "b4wrXLKetT4-00197-00116508-00117233": "or a new uh novel novelity in this mismatch but actually I found when you're looking at 11", "b4wrXLKetT4-00198-00117233-00117858": "000 in base pair and you scroll I found that your eye become blind and you wouldn't see if", "b4wrXLKetT4-00199-00117858-00118578": "there is a line is missing so I found an easy way to go around this so let's see how can we do it", "b4wrXLKetT4-00200-00118776-00119730": "so um from the select alignment Tab and then there will be a drop down menu you choose", "b4wrXLKetT4-00201-00119730-00120378": "the pairwise with dots for identities and when you do this I found that it's", "b4wrXLKetT4-00202-00120378-00120780": "much easier to to view them and let's see how how this will change the view", "b4wrXLKetT4-00203-00120906-00121482": "so this will just change the view of the consensus so instead of trying to track all the alignment", "b4wrXLKetT4-00204-00121482-00122238": "lines it will be replaced by dots the presence of dots mean there are consensus but now if you", "b4wrXLKetT4-00205-00122238-00122826": "scroll to the bottom of the page or until you find the mismatch allele so let's scroll to the bottom", "b4wrXLKetT4-00206-00122826-00123582": "of this page now it's this this is the the nice feature I like because now your uh mismatch will", "b4wrXLKetT4-00207-00123582-00124290": "be highlighted in Red so even if if you don't if you're not able to track all these dots but", "b4wrXLKetT4-00208-00124290-00125004": "you I'm pretty sure you can see the color and it will be spot that there is a a a a mutation and", "b4wrXLKetT4-00209-00125004-00125772": "you can see here that the mutation is telling you that the G become an a so now the next step you", "b4wrXLKetT4-00210-00125772-00126390": "want to double check is this if this is the same mutation that the tsv software has uh confirmed", "b4wrXLKetT4-00211-00126390-00126978": "it for you and if this is the if this is if this edit has been submitted before you will not find", "b4wrXLKetT4-00212-00126978-00127866": "any mismatch when you perform the blast so now we confirmed actually uh that the our allele is", "b4wrXLKetT4-00213-00127866-00128568": "a our novel allele is actually a novel Ali no one has submitted uh this allele before so now let's", "b4wrXLKetT4-00214-00128568-00129372": "go into the gene Bank through banket and see how can we uh submit it to get a new accession number", "b4wrXLKetT4-00215-00129594-00130128": "so in order to do that you can have to follow the link that I'm I'm sharing with", "b4wrXLKetT4-00216-00130128-00130704": "you here and this link will open directly to the banket website and after you open", "b4wrXLKetT4-00217-00130704-00131268": "the link you will find a checklist of item that you need to do before submission if", "b4wrXLKetT4-00218-00131268-00131766": "you followed all the previous steps that I just discussed then you can click submit", "b4wrXLKetT4-00219-00131832-00132360": "and after clicking submit a new window will open and you need to log in through a third", "b4wrXLKetT4-00220-00132360-00133140": "party like I sometimes I found it easier to use your Google account or if if you have an orc ID", "b4wrXLKetT4-00221-00133140-00133698": "account you can use it or a Microsoft but if you don't have I have an account you need to sign up", "b4wrXLKetT4-00222-00133944-00134622": "now the next step is to click on start blanket submission which is at the bottom of the next", "b4wrXLKetT4-00223-00134622-00135270": "twitch the first the first you need to do is to fill your contact information and this is", "b4wrXLKetT4-00224-00135270-00135924": "information is important so that uh they this novel allele would be linked to your name or", "b4wrXLKetT4-00225-00135924-00136620": "a link to your lab or link it to your place I I feel as much information as as I as I need here", "b4wrXLKetT4-00226-00136620-00137088": "there is no restriction and then you click continue", "b4wrXLKetT4-00227-00137232-00137970": "The Next Step will be the reference tab you can type your name and as as much as author as you", "b4wrXLKetT4-00228-00137970-00138540": "need by clicking add button for publication status select unpublish because you haven't", "b4wrXLKetT4-00229-00138540-00139098": "published this allele yet and for reference author I usually select as the sequence author", "b4wrXLKetT4-00230-00139236-00139884": "and then I click continue to move to the next step so now the next step is the sequence technology", "b4wrXLKetT4-00231-00139884-00140574": "tab first select your sequence technology in our case it's Illumina if you're using", "b4wrXLKetT4-00232-00140574-00141048": "the ion torrent you can pick iron torrent if you are using the pack Bayou if you're using", "b4wrXLKetT4-00233-00141048-00141738": "a Sanger sequence you can choose any sequence method that you have used and you need to add", "b4wrXLKetT4-00234-00141738-00142374": "uh select the assembled sequence because if you are using a Next Generation sequence then", "b4wrXLKetT4-00235-00142374-00142932": "it's going to be assembled by a program in our case the tsv program is the assembly", "b4wrXLKetT4-00236-00142932-00143670": "program and you need to add the version of the software that you that you are using so if you", "b4wrXLKetT4-00237-00143670-00144468": "are in version 3 then you have to put version 3. and if you used an a third-party event another", "b4wrXLKetT4-00238-00144468-00144978": "assembly program you can add another assembly program as you need and then you press continue", "b4wrXLKetT4-00239-00145164-00145812": "in the nucleotide tab it will ask you about the submission release date I usually like to select", "b4wrXLKetT4-00240-00145812-00146484": "immediately because I want to make sure that uh that this Aleve got an accession number and", "b4wrXLKetT4-00241-00146484-00147150": "if anyone else say in a week or two weeks found the same novel allele they will know that someone", "b4wrXLKetT4-00242-00147150-00148014": "else already have claimed this allele select uh from uh from this window you will select", "b4wrXLKetT4-00243-00148014-00148764": "genomic DNA for molecular type and linear for the topology and see since you are not some submitting", "b4wrXLKetT4-00244-00148764-00149520": "a virus or a plasmid then you will select no and the next nucleotide sequence format select", "b4wrXLKetT4-00245-00149520-00150324": "faster sequence then next you will choose file and select the file and then from here again", "b4wrXLKetT4-00246-00150324-00150948": "you have to go back to where you have stored your faster file and uh and choose this file", "b4wrXLKetT4-00247-00151398-00151986": "and in the submission category you will select original because you are", "b4wrXLKetT4-00248-00151986-00152382": "the original uh sub method and then click continue", "b4wrXLKetT4-00249-00152556-00153114": "and in the source modifier there is nothing need to be filled so you shall you can just click", "b4wrXLKetT4-00250-00153114-00153696": "continue you don't need to fill anything here and if you notice here at the bottom of the slide you", "b4wrXLKetT4-00251-00153696-00154398": "can see that uh the faster files has been uploaded because you can see that there is a sequence ID", "b4wrXLKetT4-00252-00154398-00155004": "which is two two one three three six and this is actually our accession number that we used", "b4wrXLKetT4-00253-00155004-00155652": "in the in the faster files so this to confirm to you that your faster file has been uploaded", "b4wrXLKetT4-00254-00155832-00156396": "and then the feature tab I think this is the most important Tab and this is a lot of", "b4wrXLKetT4-00255-00156396-00156996": "the the the issues or a lot of the people who submit me over at least have a multiplication", "b4wrXLKetT4-00256-00156996-00157434": "but if you follow the steps that I have mentioned you shouldn't have any issue", "b4wrXLKetT4-00257-00157434-00158058": "so first uh select add features by uploading a five column feature because", "b4wrXLKetT4-00258-00158058-00158658": "we already created this feature table using the tsv so you don't need to do it manually", "b4wrXLKetT4-00259-00158730-00159234": "and then next you will choose the file again from the same location that you", "b4wrXLKetT4-00260-00159234-00160206": "saved it originally by the tsv and then click open and then then click upload file and this", "b4wrXLKetT4-00261-00160206-00160866": "will upload your fast uh sorry the table format file and then after that you will click continue", "b4wrXLKetT4-00262-00161040-00161958": "now in the feature tab you will see The annotation table that you just uploaded at the bottom of the", "b4wrXLKetT4-00263-00161958-00162636": "screen and in some occasion you you will see a warning like that and I already have seen", "b4wrXLKetT4-00264-00162636-00163368": "this recently when we submitted the last couple alleles I'm not familiar what this warning is but", "b4wrXLKetT4-00265-00163422-00164190": "um I found it it's not affecting your submission and I haven't got any email back so far from the", "b4wrXLKetT4-00266-00164190-00164892": "uh the stuff from the gene banket so it's it it could be some sort of I just want to make", "b4wrXLKetT4-00267-00164892-00165450": "or want to confirm that you are you have a name assigned to this uh novel allele", "b4wrXLKetT4-00268-00165666-00166266": "and the last cubby will be your review and correct you can scroll through the", "b4wrXLKetT4-00269-00166266-00166800": "whole page page and if if you find any mistake you can go back to any tab to", "b4wrXLKetT4-00270-00166800-00167412": "fix it and after finishing the reviewing you can just hit uh finish submission", "b4wrXLKetT4-00271-00167640-00168240": "and after you've clicked finish the submission you will get a confirmation a confirmation", "b4wrXLKetT4-00272-00168240-00168858": "message which will show up and your submission number will appear and it's important to keep", "b4wrXLKetT4-00273-00168858-00169482": "this number because if for example if if there is a delay happen in getting your accession number", "b4wrXLKetT4-00274-00169482-00170238": "you will have this submission number so that you can track your records or you can email them ask", "b4wrXLKetT4-00275-00170238-00171030": "them about your updates of your uh novel allele so please write this number uh when after you click", "b4wrXLKetT4-00276-00171030-00171858": "the submission and um I usually found it takes about 48 hours they are really fast in that and", "b4wrXLKetT4-00277-00171858-00172734": "then you will get an email from the blanket staff and then they will give you the accession number", "b4wrXLKetT4-00278-00172806-00173568": "and I found that this accession number is formed of three different uh numbers the the", "b4wrXLKetT4-00279-00173568-00174048": "first part is your submission number which is matching actually the same number here", "b4wrXLKetT4-00280-00174144-00174810": "and then uh and then the last number is called I I think this is called the accession number because", "b4wrXLKetT4-00281-00174810-00175380": "this is the number the IMG team needs which is usually started by a letter followed by a number", "b4wrXLKetT4-00282-00175458-00176028": "and then in in the center here this is the sequence ID and this is the the name of the file", "b4wrXLKetT4-00283-00176028-00176778": "that you named uh your faster file with and in our case it was just the accession number but if you", "b4wrXLKetT4-00284-00176778-00177294": "um you want to ignore the first two numbers or the first two parts of this number you need", "b4wrXLKetT4-00285-00177294-00177924": "to remember and write up the last accession number which start with op and then a bunch", "b4wrXLKetT4-00286-00177924-00178428": "of numbers because this is the number that you are going to use for the imgt database", "b4wrXLKetT4-00287-00178590-00178998": "so now after you receive the accession number from the gene", "b4wrXLKetT4-00288-00178998-00179514": "Bank you are ready to submit the sequence of this novel I leave to the imgte website", "b4wrXLKetT4-00289-00179628-00180456": "so open the rgt submission site by clicking on the following link and click on start submission", "b4wrXLKetT4-00290-00180708-00181308": "now you can read through the whole checklist and make sure you fulfill all the criteria", "b4wrXLKetT4-00291-00181308-00182136": "of submission and if you fulfill all the criteria of submission you can please check mark check all", "b4wrXLKetT4-00292-00182136-00183168": "this Mark and I just want to remind you about a very important item here is if you submitted like", "b4wrXLKetT4-00293-00183168-00184038": "a DNA from a hematological malignancy patient you need to confirm this by also a buckle swap because", "b4wrXLKetT4-00294-00184038-00184602": "we want to exclude that there is a somatic mutation and all what you are sending is a", "b4wrXLKetT4-00295-00184602-00185202": "cinematic mutation of the cancer cells not actually a novel allele so if you are doing", "b4wrXLKetT4-00296-00185286-00186132": "um DNA from peripheral blood from hematological malignancy before submitting it to um the the", "b4wrXLKetT4-00297-00186132-00187074": "the the website is to do it through a bucker's web after that you press proceed to next step and then", "b4wrXLKetT4-00298-00187074-00187620": "in the next step you'll find uh you you need to fill again all your contact information because", "b4wrXLKetT4-00299-00187734-00188358": "um this actually this information will be linked to your to the name that the imgt will give you so", "b4wrXLKetT4-00300-00188358-00188952": "it's it's nice to to to track all your novel at least by tracking your name under under", "b4wrXLKetT4-00301-00188952-00189498": "this novel ideas if you don't want to add your name you can add the name of your lab as well", "b4wrXLKetT4-00302-00189762-00190374": "and then in stage 3 which is the basic sequence information you need to give a local name to", "b4wrXLKetT4-00303-00190374-00191226": "your new Elite for example in our case we call the drbita 302 new the sequence type is a it's", "b4wrXLKetT4-00304-00191226-00191964": "a Class 2 genomic so from the drop down menu you choose a Class 2 genomic the accession number is", "b4wrXLKetT4-00305-00191964-00192480": "the number you have received from the gene bank which is formed of three parts you only need the", "b4wrXLKetT4-00306-00192480-00192948": "last part as I mentioned before so don't add the full number because if you add the full number", "b4wrXLKetT4-00307-00192948-00193614": "this will delay the submission because they will double check with you in a separate email and then", "b4wrXLKetT4-00308-00193614-00194226": "the release date again I usually put the release date as the date of my submission so because I", "b4wrXLKetT4-00309-00194226-00194964": "want them to be uh accessible as as far as fast as as it can after that you can press continue", "b4wrXLKetT4-00310-00195234-00195690": "and then from the submission uh reference details since", "b4wrXLKetT4-00311-00195690-00196230": "it's not published yet you will choose unpublished data and from the drop down", "b4wrXLKetT4-00312-00196230-00196644": "menu and then you can click continue you don't need to fill anything here", "b4wrXLKetT4-00313-00196848-00197526": "and in Stage 5 which is submit nucleotide sequence and c and the sequence feature you", "b4wrXLKetT4-00314-00197526-00198156": "need to select the locus and in our case it's the Dr beta Locus then uh choose the closest", "b4wrXLKetT4-00315-00198156-00198714": "allele or actually you have to type it and you have to type the closest Ali in a four", "b4wrXLKetT4-00316-00198714-00199518": "four field resolution so here you can see that the closest allele that I type is the Dr beta 3020102", "b4wrXLKetT4-00317-00199608-00200490": "in the Box um in in in this box which is the number three uh this is where you have", "b4wrXLKetT4-00318-00200490-00200976": "to put a detailed information about your novel allele and if you didn't", "b4wrXLKetT4-00319-00200976-00201516": "if you missed this they will uh start emailing you asking you to put a detailed information", "b4wrXLKetT4-00320-00201870-00202356": "and now we will go back to our uh faster files", "b4wrXLKetT4-00321-00202410-00203088": "and from the faster files you can open it through the notepad but now you need to copy it manually", "b4wrXLKetT4-00322-00203088-00203856": "and in order to copy it manually you need to select from the first nucleotide base you don't", "b4wrXLKetT4-00323-00203856-00204432": "need to put the title like the one you see the the title which is the the first two sentence", "b4wrXLKetT4-00324-00204432-00205121": "you don't need to copy it so your first copy will be the first nucleotide and then the last", "b4wrXLKetT4-00325-00205121-00205896": "uh thing to select will be your last nucleotide and then your you'll do right click on copy", "b4wrXLKetT4-00326-00206046-00206706": "and then uh you will paste it you're pasted on where it says nucleotide sequence feature", "b4wrXLKetT4-00327-00206873-00207623": "and then and then from the drop down menu you will choose assisted um assignment or feature", "b4wrXLKetT4-00328-00207678-00208373": "and then the number of features in our case it was 11 because we are submitting six exons and", "b4wrXLKetT4-00329-00208373-00208896": "five entrants so if you are submitting less than that then you have to put the total number of", "b4wrXLKetT4-00330-00208896-00209790": "the features that you are submitting and then click continue now the feature table will be a", "b4wrXLKetT4-00331-00209790-00210480": "populated the software will create this feature table to you which shows you the start and the", "b4wrXLKetT4-00332-00210480-00211152": "end of for each Exon and entrance and because you selected that you need the software to to", "b4wrXLKetT4-00333-00211152-00211734": "do it for you the software will automatically do it for you based on the the sequence that you", "b4wrXLKetT4-00334-00211734-00212364": "added the the and the gene that you have choose and the number of annotation that you have added", "b4wrXLKetT4-00335-00212573-00213204": "and in The Next Step you can now scroll down to the page you can see the full summary which", "b4wrXLKetT4-00336-00213204-00213900": "include all the feature and the sequence of submission and in stage 7 which is the", "b4wrXLKetT4-00337-00213900-00214434": "information on the source individual you can fill as much information as you can as this", "b4wrXLKetT4-00338-00214434-00215040": "will help other labs that find the same allele to get an idea about the ethnicity of the individual", "b4wrXLKetT4-00339-00215406-00216240": "and also if you added the full actually piping um of the individual other labs that identify", "b4wrXLKetT4-00340-00216240-00216882": "the scene allele can look for the haplotype similarity and I believe that the minimum that", "b4wrXLKetT4-00341-00216882-00217656": "you need to add is Locus a b and the r but if you add the more the more will be better so I", "b4wrXLKetT4-00342-00217656-00218280": "will take here an example on how to do so for each gene you need to add the two alleles in", "b4wrXLKetT4-00343-00218280-00218910": "the same box separated by a semicolon so if we took if we take actually as an example you can", "b4wrXLKetT4-00344-00218910-00219606": "see I added 0101 semicolon 1101 and so on you have to continue in all these alleles", "b4wrXLKetT4-00345-00219738-00220590": "so in Stage Nine talks about the method from the drop down menu you you select your primary and", "b4wrXLKetT4-00346-00220590-00221154": "the secondary sequence method in our case it's both the primary and the secondary are Illumina", "b4wrXLKetT4-00347-00221154-00221946": "sequence so you need to uh and then you need to confirm that value has been sequenced in isolation", "b4wrXLKetT4-00348-00221946-00222569": "from the second allele and since you are doing NGS then you can confirm its sequence in isolation", "b4wrXLKetT4-00349-00222696-00223446": "and then now you scroll down to the rest of the page and no you you don't need to add the sequence", "b4wrXLKetT4-00350-00223446-00223980": "of the primer because I don't think you will know them so you can leave them blank and in the", "b4wrXLKetT4-00351-00223980-00224676": "sequence Direction please select both because most NGS essay sequence both forward and reverse Trend", "b4wrXLKetT4-00352-00224676-00225354": "and you can choose the conformation confirmation method we usually confirm novel allies by another", "b4wrXLKetT4-00353-00225354-00226223": "vendor NGS you don't have to but uh we we found that this is more uh clinically relevant for us", "b4wrXLKetT4-00354-00226319-00227184": "and then you can click you can hit the submit button so you will get a confirmation a message", "b4wrXLKetT4-00355-00227184-00227748": "that your submission is complete and you will get a submission number again this is the number", "b4wrXLKetT4-00356-00227748-00228426": "that you can use to track your submission to the IMG team and the staff of the imgt", "b4wrXLKetT4-00357-00228426-00229056": "are very helpful they can guide you step by step and if if you have any questions as well", "b4wrXLKetT4-00358-00229217-00229902": "and I think I found it usually takes between four to six weeks before you get an email so", "b4wrXLKetT4-00359-00229902-00230694": "don't please be patient because they are so busy assigning all these new alleles and I believe the", "b4wrXLKetT4-00360-00230694-00231342": "committee usually meet once a year sorry once a month and they submit this novel early so with", "b4wrXLKetT4-00361-00231342-00232073": "around four to six weeks and then you will get an email an email with a PDF with the name of", "b4wrXLKetT4-00362-00232073-00233166": "your new allele and in our case it was the drbita 302 185 and you can see that we got this letter in", "b4wrXLKetT4-00363-00233166-00233819": "September 30 and we actually submitted this in September 9th so because everything was smooth", "b4wrXLKetT4-00364-00233819-00234366": "they didn't have to go back and to ask to ask a question so the submission went very smoothly", "b4wrXLKetT4-00365-00234366-00235308": "and quickly in couple of weeks now it's time to document your hard work in a sort of publication", "b4wrXLKetT4-00366-00235512-00236412": "so the most common genre that accept novel allele alert is the actually Journal submission is free", "b4wrXLKetT4-00367-00236412-00237246": "so here is the link of the genre if so first you need to log in or create an account and then click", "b4wrXLKetT4-00368-00237246-00238278": "submit an article then you hit start submission now select the article type that you need to", "b4wrXLKetT4-00369-00238278-00239178": "submit and then from the drop down menu you need to select new allele alert from the drop down menu", "b4wrXLKetT4-00370-00239358-00240258": "and then you need to check all the checklists and then scroll down and and hit confirm", "b4wrXLKetT4-00371-00240384-00241158": "you will now if your manuscript is is ready you can upload your manuscript and the manuscript", "b4wrXLKetT4-00372-00241158-00241890": "is is it you don't have to be a like a very D like um uh it's it's more like a one-piece", "b4wrXLKetT4-00373-00241890-00242478": "summary about how what did you find and what's the method that you used and how this affect", "b4wrXLKetT4-00374-00242478-00243071": "the expression of this HL allele and is it I usually write it in a one page summary", "b4wrXLKetT4-00375-00243198-00243702": "um and it you don't need you don't need to put a lot of references I think the maximum", "b4wrXLKetT4-00376-00243702-00244319": "references you add is like five references and also you have a maximum number of authors I think", "b4wrXLKetT4-00377-00244319-00244890": "it's around also five authors so it shouldn't take you a very long time to write it and if", "b4wrXLKetT4-00378-00244890-00245573": "you have a subscription to the HLA Journal you can review example of of this novel HLA report", "b4wrXLKetT4-00379-00245790-00246456": "and then um and then you will click uh that there is no uh conflict of interest and", "b4wrXLKetT4-00380-00246456-00246894": "then follow the rest of the guidelines uh of the uh of the new allele alert", "b4wrXLKetT4-00381-00247044-00247776": "and this is an example of an actually a little report that we published and and the link of", "b4wrXLKetT4-00382-00247776-00248423": "this uh manuscript is at the bottom if you're if you're interested in seeing how it looks like.", "b4wrXLKetT4-00383-00248586-00249118": "And then you need to remember  or the take-homemessage of this is", "b4wrXLKetT4-00384-00249118-00249652": "you need to do four important steps before submission of any allele.", "b4wrXLKetT4-00385-00249652-00250026": "So thefirst thing is and  I found this is the most important is to", "b4wrXLKetT4-00386-00250026-00250277": "do a nucleotide BLAST because", "b4wrXLKetT4-00387-00250277-00250779": "if you didn't do a nucleotide BLAST and then after you spend all this time", "b4wrXLKetT4-00388-00250779-00251305": "then you you you'll get aresponse from  the IMGT staff that your", "b4wrXLKetT4-00389-00251305-00251790": "allele has been already been submitted  so please do the blast as the first step.", "b4wrXLKetT4-00390-00251790-00252226": "The second step is to submit the novel HLA allele sequence", "b4wrXLKetT4-00391-00252226-00252467": "through the gene back throughthe BankIt.", "b4wrXLKetT4-00392-00252467-00252923": "And then submit the novel allele through the IMGT HLA website,", "b4wrXLKetT4-00393-00252923-00253560": "and write a, document this hard work by publishing it in to the HLA Journal.", "b4wrXLKetT4-00394-00253710-00254494": "And I would like to thank uh at the end of my uh the staff of at The HIL Lab in Saskatoon", "b4wrXLKetT4-00395-00254494-00255066": "at Saint Paul Hospital for their hard work and I'm actually only here to present thiswork", "b4wrXLKetT4-00396-00255066-00255705": "but these are the right people or the people behind the scene that do allthis extra", "b4wrXLKetT4-00397-00255705-00256416": "excellent work and I also like to thank One Lambda for facilitating this webinar.", "b4wrXLKetT4-00398-00256416-00257106": "And actually, I can stop now my screen and I'm ready to answer all your questions."}}, {"audio_id": "b4LcP_04c1U", "text": {"b4LcP_04c1U-00000-00000000-00000200": "I could not get any visits on my website."}}, {"audio_id": "b59CXlZFObA", "text": {"b59CXlZFObA-00000-00000242-00000850": "Aaron Powell: Welcome to Free Thoughts, I'm Aaron Powell.", "b59CXlZFObA-00001-00000850-00000961": "Trevor Burrus: I'm Trevor Burrus.", "b59CXlZFObA-00002-00000961-00001370": "Aaron Powell: Joining us today is our colleague Will Duffield from the Cato Institute's First", "b59CXlZFObA-00003-00001370-00001474": "Amendment Project.", "b59CXlZFObA-00004-00001474-00001574": "Welcome to Free Thoughts, Will.", "b59CXlZFObA-00005-00001574-00001691": "Will Duffield: Thanks for having me.", "b59CXlZFObA-00006-00001691-00002317": "Aaron Powell: The First Amendment and with it a lot of our notions of how we think about", "b59CXlZFObA-00007-00002317-00002820": "freedom of speech, how we think about freedom of expression developed in a time when most", "b59CXlZFObA-00008-00002820-00003321": "of our communication or all of [00:00:30] our communication occurred either face-to-face", "b59CXlZFObA-00009-00003321-00003608": "or via print.", "b59CXlZFObA-00010-00003608-00004322": "So, in what ways has the shift to digital communication and in the digital world as", "b59CXlZFObA-00011-00004322-00004901": "a medium for communicating and expressing ourselves complicated the picture, complicated", "b59CXlZFObA-00012-00004901-00005135": "the way that we think about these issues?", "b59CXlZFObA-00013-00005135-00005810": "Will Duffield: Well, it's lower the barriers to entry in the marketplace of ideas tremendously.", "b59CXlZFObA-00014-00005810-00006103": "Anyone who can afford a cellphone, who can afford [00:01:00] an internet connection or", "b59CXlZFObA-00015-00006103-00006786": "even wander into a library can begin speaking to audiences of hundreds of thousands if not", "b59CXlZFObA-00016-00006786-00007145": "millions.", "b59CXlZFObA-00017-00007145-00007981": "With that we've seen many of the old gatekeepers fade away and in many cases have been replaced", "b59CXlZFObA-00018-00007981-00008154": "by enablers.", "b59CXlZFObA-00019-00008154-00008947": "Companies, intermediaries or people who whose business it is to get others speech out there", "b59CXlZFObA-00020-00008947-00009427": "[00:01:30] to provide them with a platform and that's been pretty revolutionary.", "b59CXlZFObA-00021-00009427-00009938": "Trevor Burrus: It seems that we have this extra problem though because if we're all", "b59CXlZFObA-00022-00009938-00010359": "on this third party, we call it gatekeepers, so the New York Times was a gatekeeper.", "b59CXlZFObA-00023-00010359-00010820": "I mean, it still is but it used to be a more important gatekeeper in terms of whether you", "b59CXlZFObA-00024-00010820-00011284": "could get into its pages but now you can broadcast, as you said yourself, but then you're also", "b59CXlZFObA-00025-00011284-00012015": "using someone else's technology or like the Internet ISPs and things like that to get", "b59CXlZFObA-00026-00012015-00012436": "[00:02:00] your voice out there, which is very different than giving a speech on a platform-", "b59CXlZFObA-00027-00012436-00013075": "Aaron Powell: The New York Times owned it not only was the one who was putting out the", "b59CXlZFObA-00028-00013075-00013620": "speech but it's the one who owns all the mechanisms for the distribution of that speech.", "b59CXlZFObA-00029-00013620-00013830": "Trevor Burrus: Exactly, but now it's different.", "b59CXlZFObA-00030-00013830-00013970": "Will Duffield: Yes.", "b59CXlZFObA-00031-00013970-00014562": "And there is certainly growing concern that many of these enablers are either voluntarily", "b59CXlZFObA-00032-00014562-00015437": "or being bullied into becoming a new set of gatekeepers [00:02:30] but at the same time", "b59CXlZFObA-00033-00015437-00016143": "this is a technologically aided development, it's not reliant upon the corporate structure", "b59CXlZFObA-00034-00016143-00016495": "of Google or Facebook.", "b59CXlZFObA-00035-00016495-00017096": "If you see significant changes in the current enabler gatekeeper market, you're likely to", "b59CXlZFObA-00036-00017096-00017576": "see competitors arise that give people what they got from the internet a couple years", "b59CXlZFObA-00037-00017576-00017676": "ago.", "b59CXlZFObA-00038-00017676-00018001": "Aaron Powell: I'm going to ask question, I don't know if this question quite makes sense", "b59CXlZFObA-00039-00018001-00018209": "[00:03:00] but I'll roll with it.", "b59CXlZFObA-00040-00018209-00018868": "So, you're distinguishing gatekeepers from enablers but in a sense the old gatekeepers", "b59CXlZFObA-00041-00018868-00019813": "whether that was the New York Times or Random House publishers or NBC were also enablers.", "b59CXlZFObA-00042-00019813-00020491": "Because their job was to facilitate people getting their speech out to an audience.", "b59CXlZFObA-00043-00020491-00020882": "It was just a smaller group of people that they were facilitating.", "b59CXlZFObA-00044-00020882-00021524": "Did the switch from [00:03:30] the gatekeeper role to the enabler role, was that purely", "b59CXlZFObA-00045-00021524-00021688": "a technological switch?", "b59CXlZFObA-00046-00021688-00022579": "I the sense that the reason that say Random House acted as a gatekeeper was because it", "b59CXlZFObA-00047-00022579-00023078": "simply was not economically viable for it to publish the writings of everyone.", "b59CXlZFObA-00048-00023078-00023415": "So it had to be selective and then it had to choose how it was going to be selective", "b59CXlZFObA-00049-00023415-00024330": "or was it a cultural shift in the sense [00:04:00] of kind of a change from elitism to populism.", "b59CXlZFObA-00050-00024330-00024874": "That in the past we thought the only people worth listening to were the ones who could", "b59CXlZFObA-00051-00024874-00025526": "make it through a gatekeeping process whereas now we think that every person's opinion,", "b59CXlZFObA-00052-00025526-00025941": "every person's thought is the kind of thing that ought to be broadcast to everyone?", "b59CXlZFObA-00053-00025941-00026436": "Will Duffield: I think it's much more technological and frankly I'm not sure if we've made that", "b59CXlZFObA-00054-00026436-00026869": "cultural shift at all.", "b59CXlZFObA-00055-00026869-00027406": "If you look at something like [00:04:30] Amazon Books, the Kindle within their publishing", "b59CXlZFObA-00056-00027406-00027781": "environment, they're publishing nearly anyone today.", "b59CXlZFObA-00057-00027781-00028375": "And they're able to do that because they can publish books digitally in a way that even", "b59CXlZFObA-00058-00028375-00028993": "if they wanted to do that had some kind of economic incentive to do that 20 years ago,", "b59CXlZFObA-00059-00028993-00029324": "it would have been incredibly costly for them to do so.", "b59CXlZFObA-00060-00029324-00029761": "It's not as though throughout the past 50 years you haven't had people pumping out homemade", "b59CXlZFObA-00061-00029761-00030328": "scenes but again their [00:05:00] distribution routes were much more expensive if they wanted", "b59CXlZFObA-00062-00030328-00030466": "to really push it out there.", "b59CXlZFObA-00063-00030466-00030911": "So you see a lot of that being handed out on street corners where is now a blog link", "b59CXlZFObA-00064-00030911-00031168": "can be shared around the world in a matter of minutes.", "b59CXlZFObA-00065-00031168-00031763": "Trevor Burrus: I think one of things you might beginning at Aaron as the anti-intellectualism", "b59CXlZFObA-00066-00031763-00032578": "or anti-elite kind of attitudes that the idea that some important person is been given permission", "b59CXlZFObA-00067-00032578-00033092": "by the New York Times to tell you things that are important [00:05:30] is being seen with", "b59CXlZFObA-00068-00033092-00033756": "less esteem than it had been in terms of being against intellectualism on the right and being", "b59CXlZFObA-00069-00033756-00034025": "against elites on from whether it's Bernie or Trump.", "b59CXlZFObA-00070-00034025-00034600": "And so now it's just, my next door neighbor on Facebook totally said that the Russians", "b59CXlZFObA-00071-00034600-00035024": "have infiltrated the White House and that's as valid as George Will.", "b59CXlZFObA-00072-00035024-00035124": "Aaron Powell: Right.", "b59CXlZFObA-00073-00035124-00035475": "I wonder, so if I can kind of modify what I was getting at then in light of that.", "b59CXlZFObA-00074-00035475-00035747": "I wonder if there's almost a feedback loop here?", "b59CXlZFObA-00075-00035747-00036396": "Where it used to be that you only [00:06:00] heard from people with a certain level of", "b59CXlZFObA-00076-00036396-00037190": "call it, professionalism because they made it through the gatekeeper process and so we", "b59CXlZFObA-00077-00037190-00038081": "as society ... That was to also who we looked to for information and we can't thought of", "b59CXlZFObA-00078-00038081-00038307": "them as somewhat authoritative.", "b59CXlZFObA-00079-00038307-00038600": "Then the technology changed, so the reason that we couldn't hear from everybody back", "b59CXlZFObA-00080-00038600-00038818": "then was because the technology simply didn't allow it.", "b59CXlZFObA-00081-00038818-00039206": "The economics didn't work out, the distribution [00:06:30] wasn't fast enough and so on.", "b59CXlZFObA-00082-00039206-00039725": "Then the technology changed and it became possible for say, Amazon to let anyone publish", "b59CXlZFObA-00083-00039725-00040296": "a book on their platform for free or anyone can tweet, anyone can post on Facebook, anyone", "b59CXlZFObA-00084-00040296-00040434": "can start a blog.", "b59CXlZFObA-00085-00040434-00041268": "So the technology shifted to enable all of that vast group of content creators to create", "b59CXlZFObA-00086-00041268-00041818": "content, distribute it and then because they could do that, the culture then shifted as", "b59CXlZFObA-00087-00041818-00041931": "a result of thinking.", "b59CXlZFObA-00088-00041931-00042566": "Well, [00:07:00] now because we've all got a platform, all of what we have to say online", "b59CXlZFObA-00089-00042566-00043372": "is equal or equally authoritative or the notion of gatekeepers themselves is suspect and it's", "b59CXlZFObA-00090-00043372-00043649": "more of a ... It shifts more to that populism thing.", "b59CXlZFObA-00091-00043649-00043844": "So, they're playing off of each other.", "b59CXlZFObA-00092-00043844-00044312": "Will Duffield: I think that's certainly valid.", "b59CXlZFObA-00093-00044312-00044841": "With the rise of social media in particular distinct from the rest of the Internet, you've", "b59CXlZFObA-00094-00044841-00045638": "gotten new metrics [00:07:30] to judge not so much expertise but impact and I think that", "b59CXlZFObA-00095-00045638-00045809": "works with this feedback loop very effectively.", "b59CXlZFObA-00096-00045809-00046141": "Aaron Powell: So it's no longer about experts, it's about influencers.", "b59CXlZFObA-00097-00046141-00046241": "Will Duffield: Yes.", "b59CXlZFObA-00098-00046241-00046824": "I mean, if you go back to the late 90s, early 2000s you saw a big blog ecosystem.", "b59CXlZFObA-00099-00046824-00047353": "That was quite viable but someone's reputation in that ecosystem was somewhat word-of-mouth.", "b59CXlZFObA-00100-00047353-00048121": "There wasn't data on it or not publicly accessible data whereas today [00:08:00] you look at", "b59CXlZFObA-00101-00048121-00048713": "someone on Twitter and you see that they have 30,000 followers, so they must matter in some", "b59CXlZFObA-00102-00048713-00049059": "sense or to a lot of people, that means that they matter.", "b59CXlZFObA-00103-00049059-00049718": "Trevor Burrus: Generally speaking libertarians have been answered, so to speak, to these", "b59CXlZFObA-00104-00049718-00049818": "questions.", "b59CXlZFObA-00105-00049818-00049918": "To everything.", "b59CXlZFObA-00106-00049918-00050018": "Yes, no.", "b59CXlZFObA-00107-00050018-00050418": "To these questions of the First Amendment's and how it applies to say Google.", "b59CXlZFObA-00108-00050418-00050753": "And so we've had some controversies or Twitter.", "b59CXlZFObA-00109-00050753-00051229": "We've had some controversies such as people trying [00:08:30] to sue Donald Trump for", "b59CXlZFObA-00110-00051229-00051670": "blocking them on Twitter under First Amendment grounds and you came to my office and brought", "b59CXlZFObA-00111-00051670-00052136": "this up and the first thing I said was well, the First Amendment applies to government,", "b59CXlZFObA-00112-00052136-00052492": "Twitter is not the government, move on.", "b59CXlZFObA-00113-00052492-00052632": "That ends the inquiry.", "b59CXlZFObA-00114-00052632-00053274": "We have also discussed Google changing the rankings of Russia Today in terms of how much", "b59CXlZFObA-00115-00053274-00053849": "it will appear in your search and one, you could again say, First Amendment, why's the", "b59CXlZFObA-00116-00053849-00054198": "government, Google's not the government, [00:09:00] move on.", "b59CXlZFObA-00117-00054198-00054795": "But you increasingly think that, that's not sufficient to address the concerns that need", "b59CXlZFObA-00118-00054795-00054965": "to be addressed correct?", "b59CXlZFObA-00119-00054965-00055657": "Will Duffield: Well, I think we ought to beyond suppose wrote libertarianism have a certain", "b59CXlZFObA-00120-00055657-00056413": "liberal conception of speech, what a speech environment ought to look like, how accessible", "b59CXlZFObA-00121-00056413-00056785": "speaking should be to people.", "b59CXlZFObA-00122-00056785-00057316": "And that requires some slight shifts [00:09:30] in the analysis not whether you can come and", "b59CXlZFObA-00123-00057316-00057877": "bring a First Amendment claim against Google over D ranking, no.", "b59CXlZFObA-00124-00057877-00058029": "I think that would be ludicrous.", "b59CXlZFObA-00125-00058029-00058536": "The twitter case is a bit different because it hinges upon whether or not Donald Trump", "b59CXlZFObA-00126-00058536-00059400": "is speaking as a government official and therefore actually has less to do with Twitter itself", "b59CXlZFObA-00127-00059400-00059575": "within that First Amendment analysis.", "b59CXlZFObA-00128-00059575-00060151": "Trevor Burrus: Are we going to have Congress ... [00:10:00] You made me think about things", "b59CXlZFObA-00129-00060151-00060672": "in conversations we've had especially with something like Google where the standard libertarian", "b59CXlZFObA-00130-00060672-00060998": "response is well, start another Google.", "b59CXlZFObA-00131-00060998-00061547": "Of course Google has to rank things because it would be just noise otherwise.", "b59CXlZFObA-00132-00061547-00062117": "If you search for something and you are as likely to get Bob's blog as Wikipedia, it", "b59CXlZFObA-00133-00062117-00062217": "would be a worthless thing.", "b59CXlZFObA-00134-00062217-00062375": "Aaron Powell: They'd have to show you all of them simultaneously.", "b59CXlZFObA-00135-00062375-00062475": "Trevor Burrus: Exactly.", "b59CXlZFObA-00136-00062475-00063000": "So, you almost have this choice architecture situation of the nudge world where it has", "b59CXlZFObA-00137-00063000-00063502": "[00:10:30] to be ranking and somehow but given Google's popularity and its networking effects", "b59CXlZFObA-00138-00063502-00063855": "and we could call it a monopoly and of course the left would love to say, it's a monopoly,", "b59CXlZFObA-00139-00063855-00064322": "it should be a public utility and then we'll figure this out otherwise.", "b59CXlZFObA-00140-00064322-00065099": "Is there really a realistic alternative of another Google competing against Google or", "b59CXlZFObA-00141-00065099-00065204": "should we just regular Google?", "b59CXlZFObA-00142-00065204-00065758": "Will Duffield: There's certainly a tremendous first mover advantage in that market because", "b59CXlZFObA-00143-00065758-00066283": "you are gathering information about [00:11:00] the state of the world, what's out there and", "b59CXlZFObA-00144-00066283-00067030": "sorting through it and creating machine learning algorithms in order to do so more efficiently.", "b59CXlZFObA-00145-00067030-00067626": "Which of course require a great deal of data to train and again, a tremendous first mover", "b59CXlZFObA-00146-00067626-00067732": "advantage.", "b59CXlZFObA-00147-00067732-00068420": "However, going back to the original first amendment question and what may complicate", "b59CXlZFObA-00148-00068420-00069163": "it, I think the fact that these are international firms matters [00:11:30] tremendously.", "b59CXlZFObA-00149-00069163-00069605": "Because they aren't just falling under the US law, they're operating under a host of", "b59CXlZFObA-00150-00069605-00070264": "legal systems and increasingly we're seeing states around the world trying to force their", "b59CXlZFObA-00151-00070264-00071149": "interpretation of acceptable speech on the world as a whole or on the world as a whole", "b59CXlZFObA-00152-00071149-00071600": "through various social media firms.", "b59CXlZFObA-00153-00071600-00072204": "At the same time even domestically, we see say in the [00:12:00] wake of this potential", "b59CXlZFObA-00154-00072204-00072966": "Russian meddling in our election pressure coming both from Google customers and from", "b59CXlZFObA-00155-00072966-00073429": "the United States government at the same time and in a similar direction.", "b59CXlZFObA-00156-00073429-00074114": "So, in sorting through whether or not some response of Google's was bullied out of them,", "b59CXlZFObA-00157-00074114-00074688": "was arrested from them by the US government or simply them trying to satisfy their customers", "b59CXlZFObA-00158-00074688-00074804": "can be really difficult.", "b59CXlZFObA-00159-00074804-00075225": "Aaron Powell: It seems like we might mean to [00:12:30] get somewhat abstract, we might", "b59CXlZFObA-00160-00075225-00075700": "complicate the traditional or see if we could complicate the traditional libertarian story", "b59CXlZFObA-00161-00075700-00076095": "of, well, it's a private company they can do whatever they want and if you don't like", "b59CXlZFObA-00162-00076095-00076291": "it start something to compete with them.", "b59CXlZFObA-00163-00076291-00077400": "By looking at it as you have a space, it happens to be a digital space but it's a ... It's", "b59CXlZFObA-00164-00077400-00077817": "arguably a more important space than a lot of the physical spaces that were in as far", "b59CXlZFObA-00165-00077817-00078407": "as how we [00:13:00] communicate, how we interact, how we earn a living, how we engage with the", "b59CXlZFObA-00166-00078407-00078522": "economy.", "b59CXlZFObA-00167-00078522-00078898": "All of these necessary things that we have to do.", "b59CXlZFObA-00168-00078898-00079716": "You have a single entity that has extraordinary power within that space and it has the power", "b59CXlZFObA-00169-00079716-00080747": "to effectively compel you, if you want to be in that space to see certain things or", "b59CXlZFObA-00170-00080747-00081119": "not see certain things, to act in certain ways or not [00:13:30] act in certain ways,", "b59CXlZFObA-00171-00081119-00081219": "right.", "b59CXlZFObA-00172-00081219-00082201": "I'm a bit overstating here for a fact but ... If we say that, then we start looking", "b59CXlZFObA-00173-00082201-00082612": "in a cyberspace sense, do we start looking awfully close to Max Weber's definition of", "b59CXlZFObA-00174-00082612-00083192": "the state which is that entity that possesses a monopoly on the use of legitimate force", "b59CXlZFObA-00175-00083192-00083319": "within a geographic area.", "b59CXlZFObA-00176-00083319-00084007": "That if our geographic area is the Internet, is cyberspace and we say that Google possesses", "b59CXlZFObA-00177-00084007-00084366": "[00:14:00] either monopoly or at least even if Google started doing really nefarious stuff", "b59CXlZFObA-00178-00084366-00084781": "and people were competing against it, it would still be a long time before anyone could supplant.", "b59CXlZFObA-00179-00084781-00085144": "Trevor Burrus: Is force here kicking them off or something?", "b59CXlZFObA-00180-00085144-00085463": "Aaron Powell: Force or force is ... We tend to think of force.", "b59CXlZFObA-00181-00085463-00085949": "Force can be ... You think of force as violence like I'm going to actually do physical harm", "b59CXlZFObA-00182-00085949-00086049": "to you.", "b59CXlZFObA-00183-00086049-00086713": "But we also tend to think of force as the ability to compel you to act or behave in", "b59CXlZFObA-00184-00086713-00086813": "certain ways.", "b59CXlZFObA-00185-00086813-00087136": "Like I'm going to use force to prevent you from taking [00:14:30] this thing, right.", "b59CXlZFObA-00186-00087136-00087387": "I'm going to use force to ... I'm going to pen you in.", "b59CXlZFObA-00187-00087387-00087913": "If I lock you up, that's using force but it's not necessarily violence.", "b59CXlZFObA-00188-00087913-00088366": "So if they can dictate to a very exacting degree the kind of stuff that you can do within", "b59CXlZFObA-00189-00088366-00089143": "this space and that's not quite the same as force but it certainly is compulsion.", "b59CXlZFObA-00190-00089143-00089661": "In this kind of thought experiment, does that start to push these things into being the", "b59CXlZFObA-00191-00089661-00090126": "kind of entities within this particular space where [00:15:00] it makes sense to think of", "b59CXlZFObA-00192-00090126-00090911": "them more in a state way than as simply private firms in a thriving marketplace.", "b59CXlZFObA-00193-00090911-00091186": "I don't know the answer to that question, I'm just kind of thinking out loud but I could", "b59CXlZFObA-00194-00091186-00091388": "see thinking in that direction.", "b59CXlZFObA-00195-00091388-00091977": "Trevor Burrus: My thought are that the entrance ability even though there are large networking", "b59CXlZFObA-00196-00091977-00092674": "effects for something like Google and they have a first mover advantages will point it", "b59CXlZFObA-00197-00092674-00092872": "out, the ability to enter the market.", "b59CXlZFObA-00198-00092872-00093378": "When we talk about anarchic [00:15:30] governance, the polycentric law or something, generally", "b59CXlZFObA-00199-00093378-00093619": "I would suspect it in that world.", "b59CXlZFObA-00200-00093619-00094098": "The thing you'd be living under, whether it's like a homeowner's association or something", "b59CXlZFObA-00201-00094098-00094575": "like that would look a lot like a state but to the point that people would be like, isn't", "b59CXlZFObA-00202-00094575-00094957": "this basically a state and you you'd have to say, well, no, there are some important", "b59CXlZFObA-00203-00094957-00095262": "differences here that are crucial.", "b59CXlZFObA-00204-00095262-00095450": "Right of accent and all these things being of the case.", "b59CXlZFObA-00205-00095450-00096125": "When it comes to a digital world, we can't fall to the kind [00:16:00] of consistently", "b59CXlZFObA-00206-00096125-00096437": "wrong problem for monopoly concerns.", "b59CXlZFObA-00207-00096437-00096892": "We're prosecuting Microsoft because everyone's ... This is never ... Nothing is ever going", "b59CXlZFObA-00208-00096892-00096993": "to replace Microsoft.", "b59CXlZFObA-00209-00096993-00097093": "Aaron Powell: Or MySpace", "b59CXlZFObA-00210-00097093-00097256": "Trevor Burrus: Or MySpace or any of that stuff-", "b59CXlZFObA-00211-00097256-00097356": "Aaron Powell: Nokia.", "b59CXlZFObA-00212-00097356-00097456": "Trevor Burrus: Yeah, Nokia.", "b59CXlZFObA-00213-00097456-00097611": "We can't do that.", "b59CXlZFObA-00214-00097611-00098250": "Just consistently wrong problem or it could happen very quickly when Google is doing something", "b59CXlZFObA-00215-00098250-00098791": "people don't like and they say, hey, we're a new company and we don't do that thing that", "b59CXlZFObA-00216-00098791-00098950": "people don't like what Google does.", "b59CXlZFObA-00217-00098950-00099456": "[00:16:30] Now, the problem is and this might just be the kind of thing where you have to", "b59CXlZFObA-00218-00099456-00099831": "accept the foibles of humanity because if you're trying to do this from a standpoint", "b59CXlZFObA-00219-00099831-00100195": "of good governance and your traitor talking about things like fake news which we'll be", "b59CXlZFObA-00220-00100195-00100368": "getting into here, right now.", "b59CXlZFObA-00221-00100368-00100892": "We'll get into it, and if you're saying well we need to have a good government so we need", "b59CXlZFObA-00222-00100892-00101230": "to make sure that people are properly informed and that does not include fake news.", "b59CXlZFObA-00223-00101230-00101949": "Well, the thing is, is that people kind of demand fake news and so if Google ... Imagine", "b59CXlZFObA-00224-00101949-00102348": "Google [00:17:00] deciding to censor a bunch of views or change its rankings according", "b59CXlZFObA-00225-00102348-00103019": "to taking Alex Jones down to the bottom and taking all these maybe with a decidedly right-wing", "b59CXlZFObA-00226-00103019-00103575": "built down to the bottom and so then right-wing Google pops up and it says, we don't do that.", "b59CXlZFObA-00227-00103575-00103961": "We will show you the real results about the real news that they're trying to suppress", "b59CXlZFObA-00228-00103961-00104170": "and it's probably going to be mostly BS.", "b59CXlZFObA-00229-00104170-00104655": "Aaron Powell: Well, that happened with this Gab, was that the right-wing like when Reddit", "b59CXlZFObA-00230-00104655-00105197": "started kicking all the alt writers and the [00:17:30] racists and anti-Semites off they", "b59CXlZFObA-00231-00105197-00105451": "started their own version of Reddit.", "b59CXlZFObA-00232-00105451-00106241": "Will Duffield: This then gets us into the question of where censorship concerns are", "b59CXlZFObA-00233-00106241-00106945": "most valid and where competitors can potentially enter the market.", "b59CXlZFObA-00234-00106945-00107453": "We've been discussing things happening on the content layer for the first bit of this", "b59CXlZFObA-00235-00107453-00108128": "conversation and I see that as probably the least concerning element [00:18:00] of the", "b59CXlZFObA-00236-00108128-00108559": "internet from a censorship standpoint because at the end of the day, if you're kicked off", "b59CXlZFObA-00237-00108559-00108994": "Twitter you can go over to Gab and you can create an account there and yes you'll probably", "b59CXlZFObA-00238-00108994-00109477": "hanging out with a bunch of other alt right near D Wells who are also kicked off Twitter.", "b59CXlZFObA-00239-00109477-00109972": "But it's an alternative and you can make an alternative that fulfills any kind of social", "b59CXlZFObA-00240-00109972-00110261": "function you'd like.", "b59CXlZFObA-00241-00110261-00111000": "However, Gab was after ... A couple months after its introduction kicked off both [00:18:30]", "b59CXlZFObA-00242-00111000-00111590": "the Google App Store and the Apple Play Store.", "b59CXlZFObA-00243-00111590-00112142": "At that point, for many cellphone users, it becomes much more difficult to access this", "b59CXlZFObA-00244-00112142-00112675": "because you've moved one layer down essentially.", "b59CXlZFObA-00245-00112675-00113163": "And as you move further and further down into the real infrastructure of the internet, it", "b59CXlZFObA-00246-00113163-00113772": "becomes harder and harder to come up with alternatives in order to route around that", "b59CXlZFObA-00247-00113772-00113895": "kind of censorship.", "b59CXlZFObA-00248-00113895-00114400": "So, again [00:19:00] it's one thing if you're bounced off Twitter, you can't speak on Twitter", "b59CXlZFObA-00249-00114400-00114870": "anymore, you may feel censored but your ability to communicate with the world at large has", "b59CXlZFObA-00250-00114870-00115299": "not I think been tremendously undermined.", "b59CXlZFObA-00251-00115299-00115477": "If, however.", "b59CXlZFObA-00252-00115477-00116173": "a DDoS protection firm like CloudFlare stops protecting your website that you've created", "b59CXlZFObA-00253-00116173-00116930": "or even if an ISP were to stop allowing your content to flow over their pipelines that", "b59CXlZFObA-00254-00116930-00117158": "becomes much [00:19:30] more concerning.", "b59CXlZFObA-00255-00117158-00117839": "Trevor Burrus: We have a problem there with lack of competition as you go deeper into", "b59CXlZFObA-00256-00117839-00118515": "the ... ISPs, you might not have that many available to you.", "b59CXlZFObA-00257-00118515-00118920": "At the same time, I was thinking about geo cities or one of the ... Some of these old", "b59CXlZFObA-00258-00118920-00119601": "groups where if they wanted to kick you off because you had a Nazi geo city site, they", "b59CXlZFObA-00259-00119601-00120128": "could have and maybe they did, but if you don't have a lot of [00:20:00] ISPs for you", "b59CXlZFObA-00260-00120128-00120510": "to choose between, this could become a problem, possibly.", "b59CXlZFObA-00261-00120510-00120695": "Will Duffield: Yes.", "b59CXlZFObA-00262-00120695-00120956": "Getting all the way down to domain registrars.", "b59CXlZFObA-00263-00120956-00121142": "Trevor Burrus: You can't-", "b59CXlZFObA-00264-00121142-00121608": "Will Duffield: At some point, you need to move to another internet, which doesn't exist.Now,", "b59CXlZFObA-00265-00121608-00121988": "we aren't anywhere near that level.", "b59CXlZFObA-00266-00121988-00122357": "ICANN seems very resistant to any kind-", "b59CXlZFObA-00267-00122357-00122585": "Aaron Powell: They're the people who register domain names.", "b59CXlZFObA-00268-00122585-00122859": "Trevor Burrus: They're non-state organization, correct?", "b59CXlZFObA-00269-00122859-00123040": "Will Duffield: [00:20:30] Yes.", "b59CXlZFObA-00270-00123040-00123553": "They get funding from a number of governments but they seem, again, very independent and", "b59CXlZFObA-00271-00123553-00123653": "thankfully so.", "b59CXlZFObA-00272-00123653-00124094": "Trevor Burrus: Fake news, I want to get back to fake news because this is something that", "b59CXlZFObA-00273-00124094-00124194": "is particularly-", "b59CXlZFObA-00274-00124194-00124294": "Aaron Powell: It's in the real news right now.", "b59CXlZFObA-00275-00124294-00124510": "Trevor Burrus: Fake news is in the real news, yes.", "b59CXlZFObA-00276-00124510-00124967": "It's particularly concerning to me.", "b59CXlZFObA-00277-00124967-00125276": "What do you hear when someone says fake news?", "b59CXlZFObA-00278-00125276-00125522": "I guess in the context like-", "b59CXlZFObA-00279-00125522-00125708": "Will Duffield: Fake news has been around-", "b59CXlZFObA-00280-00125708-00126010": "Trevor Burrus: When a congressman says, well that's just fake news or when Donald [00:21:00]", "b59CXlZFObA-00281-00126010-00126216": "Trump says that's fake news.", "b59CXlZFObA-00282-00126216-00126316": "What do you hear?", "b59CXlZFObA-00283-00126316-00126686": "Will Duffield: I hear that they disagree with something someone else has said.", "b59CXlZFObA-00284-00126686-00127350": "Fake news has been around for a really long time, arguably heresy is the original fake", "b59CXlZFObA-00285-00127350-00128516": "news and it comes down to a disagreement about what the facts of the world are.", "b59CXlZFObA-00286-00128516-00129106": "However, we are or have been introduced to the Internet [00:21:30] coming off the back", "b59CXlZFObA-00287-00129106-00129849": "of one of the more centralizing communication technologies we've had in a while, television.", "b59CXlZFObA-00288-00129849-00130455": "So, in comparison to television, it's much easier for people to get different perspectives", "b59CXlZFObA-00289-00130455-00131043": "out there on the Internet to disagree about what the world looks like.", "b59CXlZFObA-00290-00131043-00131741": "As many of the old gatekeepers have expressed frustration with this state of things, you're", "b59CXlZFObA-00291-00131741-00132085": "hearing this fake news complaint rolled [00:22:00] around.", "b59CXlZFObA-00292-00132085-00132213": "Trevor Burrus: So, it's not a problem?", "b59CXlZFObA-00293-00132213-00132526": "Will Duffield: Well, it's certainly a problem.", "b59CXlZFObA-00294-00132526-00132762": "Epistemic uncertainty is a problem.", "b59CXlZFObA-00295-00132762-00133315": "Aaron Powell: Fake news, I think, it gets used in different ways by different groups", "b59CXlZFObA-00296-00133315-00134054": "and I think that some of those ways are closer to what you're describing Will and some are", "b59CXlZFObA-00297-00134054-00134168": "further from it.", "b59CXlZFObA-00298-00134168-00134704": "On the one side like with Donald Trump says fake news, the claim that he's making ... Yes,", "b59CXlZFObA-00299-00134704-00135092": "he's addressing there was a claim that was made in a news [00:22:30] story or somewhere", "b59CXlZFObA-00300-00135092-00135349": "else that he doesn't like.", "b59CXlZFObA-00301-00135349-00135732": "It's not that he's saying I disagree with it, he's just saying it's fake.", "b59CXlZFObA-00302-00135732-00136147": "Like the content and the ... It doesn't matter because it's just fake, it's not real, it's", "b59CXlZFObA-00303-00136147-00136378": "made up on the spot or whatever else.", "b59CXlZFObA-00304-00136378-00136908": "When Trump's followers say fake news, when they think that the Washington Post made up", "b59CXlZFObA-00305-00136908-00138230": "the stories about Roy Moore molesting children, it's just made up, it's [00:23:00] not factual.", "b59CXlZFObA-00306-00138230-00138776": "I think that when most of the rest of us talk about fake news or when Congress is say talking", "b59CXlZFObA-00307-00138776-00139278": "about the fake news during the election like the Russian propaganda, what they mean is", "b59CXlZFObA-00308-00139278-00139998": "news that was even the people making it knew it wasn't true.", "b59CXlZFObA-00309-00139998-00140920": "It was basically fiction from the get-go and was not intended to inform and so that the", "b59CXlZFObA-00310-00140920-00141203": "claim is more ... [00:23:30] It's less about I disagree with it, it's less about it flies", "b59CXlZFObA-00311-00141203-00141743": "against my ideological foundations and more simply that this is intentionally pretend", "b59CXlZFObA-00312-00141743-00142148": "stuff intended to accomplish something other than informing people.", "b59CXlZFObA-00313-00142148-00142574": "Will Duffield: Again, it doesn't feel like anything new.", "b59CXlZFObA-00314-00142574-00142791": "Doesn't anyone remember the main?", "b59CXlZFObA-00315-00142791-00143346": "Trevor Burrus: Yes or Gulf of Tonkin or something.", "b59CXlZFObA-00316-00143346-00143546": "Will Duffield: Yeah.", "b59CXlZFObA-00317-00143546-00143997": "However, I do think that the internet being something very new and something [00:24:00]", "b59CXlZFObA-00318-00143997-00144801": "which was originally conceived of by many as a store of all of humanity's information", "b59CXlZFObA-00319-00144801-00145501": "is therefore socially uniquely vulnerable to the spreading of fake news.", "b59CXlZFObA-00320-00145501-00146000": "A lot of people seem fairly likely to believe what they read online.", "b59CXlZFObA-00321-00146000-00146663": "But at the same time we have to remember that we're talking about politics here and it seems", "b59CXlZFObA-00322-00146663-00147117": "as though fake news about politics spreads much [00:24:30] more rapidly, is much more", "b59CXlZFObA-00323-00147117-00147945": "virulent than fake news about say, restaurant sanitation conditions or the usefulness of", "b59CXlZFObA-00324-00147945-00148154": "a given product.", "b59CXlZFObA-00325-00148154-00149014": "Because like all political opinions, there's no personal cost for being wrong online about", "b59CXlZFObA-00326-00149014-00149757": "something and in fact in many cases it feels pretty good to hold on to a nice-sounding", "b59CXlZFObA-00327-00149757-00149957": "belief that might not be correct.", "b59CXlZFObA-00328-00149957-00150377": "Aaron Powell: [00:25:00] Is this new to ... Is this new to politics because as you're describing", "b59CXlZFObA-00329-00150377-00150912": "this, this sounds like so that the fake news that we talk about now is very much political", "b59CXlZFObA-00330-00150912-00151739": "because of the election and because of the scope or lack of scope of Russian meddling.", "b59CXlZFObA-00331-00151739-00152201": "But what you're describing seems to fit quite well with say the fake news that was prevalent", "b59CXlZFObA-00332-00152201-00152725": "before that which focused much more heavily on science and nutrition and health.", "b59CXlZFObA-00333-00152725-00153160": "Like that was what people ... Before we were griping [00:25:30] about fake news from Russian", "b59CXlZFObA-00334-00153160-00153818": "bots, what we would gripe about is like people are passing around these insane studies, so", "b59CXlZFObA-00335-00153818-00154698": "autism, vaccines or there's a cancer cure, like this essential oil cures cancer.", "b59CXlZFObA-00336-00154698-00155123": "People would share these things and you felt good about it and there was little cost unless", "b59CXlZFObA-00337-00155123-00155512": "you actually tried to use essential oils to cure your cancer.", "b59CXlZFObA-00338-00155512-00156016": "But it seems like that's and that didn't seem to upset us as much like it didn't ... [00:26:00]", "b59CXlZFObA-00339-00156016-00156353": "We didn't have congressional inquiries into the spread of this stuff.", "b59CXlZFObA-00340-00156353-00156987": "We weren't hauling Facebook in front of Congress because, what's her name, Science Girl is", "b59CXlZFObA-00341-00156987-00157095": "that the-", "b59CXlZFObA-00342-00157095-00157499": "Trevor Burrus: GMO, Science Girl, whatever.", "b59CXlZFObA-00343-00157499-00158075": "Aaron Powell: Because she had millions of followers and was spreading misinformation-", "b59CXlZFObA-00344-00158075-00158175": "Trevor Burrus: Complete misinformation.", "b59CXlZFObA-00345-00158175-00158627": "Aaron Powell: So, it does seem like this is ... This only really mattered when it hit", "b59CXlZFObA-00346-00158627-00158766": "the political world.", "b59CXlZFObA-00347-00158766-00159382": "Will Duffield: I think [00:26:30] the reason for that is because people vote.", "b59CXlZFObA-00348-00159382-00160011": "At the end of the day, your belief about essential oils doesn't really affect anyone beyond you.", "b59CXlZFObA-00349-00160011-00160900": "You can try to share that incorrect belief but you can't use it to push a policy on anyone", "b59CXlZFObA-00350-00160900-00161000": "else.", "b59CXlZFObA-00351-00161000-00161170": "Trevor Burrus: [crosstalk 00:26:52] lies or ignorance.", "b59CXlZFObA-00352-00161170-00161528": "Will Duffield: Yeah, when you're moving [crosstalk 00:26:53] might be a counter to that but-", "b59CXlZFObA-00353-00161528-00161628": "Trevor Burrus: Vaccines would be ...", "b59CXlZFObA-00354-00161628-00162075": "Will Duffield: But again that only seemed to become troublesome when [00:27:00] it entered", "b59CXlZFObA-00355-00162075-00162600": "into the realm of politics when you saw people in their local school board meetings trying", "b59CXlZFObA-00356-00162600-00163216": "to push to have their unvaccinated children allowed in a school.", "b59CXlZFObA-00357-00163216-00163552": "That was where that seemed to take off-", "b59CXlZFObA-00358-00163552-00164002": "Aaron Powell: Then instances of outbreaks of diseases in spots.", "b59CXlZFObA-00359-00164002-00164791": "So, on the political fake news, there's a lot of calls to do something about it and", "b59CXlZFObA-00360-00164791-00165836": "there's calls both for legislative [00:27:30] or regulatory change and calls for technological", "b59CXlZFObA-00361-00165836-00165936": "change.", "b59CXlZFObA-00362-00165936-00166508": "The platforms, the social media sites should do something about it.", "b59CXlZFObA-00363-00166508-00166973": "Do you think ... Before we get into some of the specifics of things that have been proposed", "b59CXlZFObA-00364-00166973-00167503": "to be done about it, do you think it's even the kind of problem that we can do something", "b59CXlZFObA-00365-00167503-00167603": "about?", "b59CXlZFObA-00366-00167603-00168029": "I mean, is this like to combat fake news first you have to know what it is [00:28:00] and", "b59CXlZFObA-00367-00168029-00168475": "you have to be able to say this is fake or this isn't or this is the kind of fake that", "b59CXlZFObA-00368-00168475-00168779": "we should do something about and this isn't the kind of fake we should do something about.", "b59CXlZFObA-00369-00168779-00169466": "Will Duffield: Well, and it isn't even a we, it's of someone better than empowering someone", "b59CXlZFObA-00370-00169466-00170228": "to make these kinds of distinctions and presumably someone without the same sort of biases that", "b59CXlZFObA-00371-00170228-00170419": "hinder the rest of us.", "b59CXlZFObA-00372-00170419-00170584": "Which seems like a tall order.", "b59CXlZFObA-00373-00170584-00170998": "Trevor Burrus: He's been 10 years of intensive fake news training and he's going to become", "b59CXlZFObA-00374-00170998-00171128": "[00:28:30] the minister of fake news.", "b59CXlZFObA-00375-00171128-00171294": "Will Duffield: It's fine then.", "b59CXlZFObA-00376-00171294-00171551": "Trevor Burrus: Okay, absolutely.", "b59CXlZFObA-00377-00171551-00172051": "I think that Aaron's question is interesting but you kind of defined it beforehand.", "b59CXlZFObA-00378-00172051-00172865": "I mean, if he was like it can't be something that put a fire says pants on fire, it's intentionally,", "b59CXlZFObA-00379-00172865-00173098": "knowingly, misleading-", "b59CXlZFObA-00380-00173098-00173913": "Will Duffield: Even the fact that it's intentionally misleading doesn't necessarily bring it to", "b59CXlZFObA-00381-00173913-00174068": "the level of being [00:29:00] harmful.", "b59CXlZFObA-00382-00174068-00174168": "Trevor Burrus: Sure.", "b59CXlZFObA-00383-00174168-00174736": "Will Duffield: Interestingly, last week Snopes debunked a duffel blog story and duffel blog", "b59CXlZFObA-00384-00174736-00175158": "is a sort of onion competitor for members of the military.", "b59CXlZFObA-00385-00175158-00175778": "I spread humorously false stories about life in the DoD.", "b59CXlZFObA-00386-00175778-00176294": "Now, on one hand it's fake news but you don't expect anyone to actually believe and act", "b59CXlZFObA-00387-00176294-00176992": "on it and therefore the idea of debunking a deliberately humorously false story [00:29:30]", "b59CXlZFObA-00388-00176992-00177092": "seems wrong.", "b59CXlZFObA-00389-00177092-00177475": "Aaron Powell: So, that's one of the one of the avenues of which this gets complicated", "b59CXlZFObA-00390-00177475-00177957": "because satire like what's the difference between satire and fake news, but then also", "b59CXlZFObA-00391-00177957-00178618": "my definition of fake news with depending on intent gets us almost into like mens rea", "b59CXlZFObA-00392-00178618-00179188": "sort of problem where you can't ... I mean Facebook can't it ... Facebook knows a lot", "b59CXlZFObA-00393-00179188-00179504": "about us and maybe it can figure this out because maybe it's incredibly more creepy", "b59CXlZFObA-00394-00179504-00180132": "than I already think it is but it probably can't divine the intent behind [00:30:00]", "b59CXlZFObA-00395-00180132-00180252": "posting or creating.", "b59CXlZFObA-00396-00180252-00180791": "It can only look at the content that is posted or created and so that's our bright line that", "b59CXlZFObA-00397-00180791-00181028": "might be an impossible one to recognize.", "b59CXlZFObA-00398-00181028-00181696": "Trevor Burrus: Yeah, I think we also have to discuss the non because there have been", "b59CXlZFObA-00399-00181696-00182394": "some stuff proposed we can talk about in a second but we have to discuss the non-government", "b59CXlZFObA-00400-00182394-00182802": "solutions as problems like I always point out with the internet and it only just came", "b59CXlZFObA-00401-00182802-00183160": "up because ... Especially those on the left, [00:30:30] they're freaking out about Donald", "b59CXlZFObA-00402-00183160-00183562": "Trump's election and they're coming ... Trying to come up with an explanation of it that", "b59CXlZFObA-00403-00183562-00184086": "they can maybe stop and so fake news gives them an opportunity to say, only because of", "b59CXlZFObA-00404-00184086-00184490": "Russian meddling, you know to say \"We really had the right ... We're right, it's just someone", "b59CXlZFObA-00405-00184490-00184895": "got in the way with their lies and so, we just have to fix that and then we'll win subsequent", "b59CXlZFObA-00406-00184895-00185024": "elections.\"", "b59CXlZFObA-00407-00185024-00185388": "Which of course is terrifying but I think it's what's behind us.", "b59CXlZFObA-00408-00185388-00185793": "On the Internet in general, if you think about your history of your life in the Internet,", "b59CXlZFObA-00409-00185793-00186406": "it's been a lot of having to [00:31:00] tune your BS detector.", "b59CXlZFObA-00410-00186406-00186972": "You could have used a click BT ad in 2004 that you would say you won't believe what", "b59CXlZFObA-00411-00186972-00187490": "happened here or something that said ... Different kind [crosstalk 00:31:13] this one weird trick", "b59CXlZFObA-00412-00187490-00187943": "or Nigerian scams or different types of ways of getting at you.", "b59CXlZFObA-00413-00187943-00188321": "They're always updating their scamming and then that people are always having update", "b59CXlZFObA-00414-00188321-00188591": "their ability to detect scams and there's a lag period.", "b59CXlZFObA-00415-00188591-00188921": "So, you'll do the Nigerian thing works then I have to change it.", "b59CXlZFObA-00416-00188921-00189214": "It's phishing emails, [00:31:30] work but then you have to realize they have to change", "b59CXlZFObA-00417-00189214-00189537": "it and also just being able to detect BS.", "b59CXlZFObA-00418-00189537-00190030": "The the list, the clickbait stuff and I think with fake news we're going to see a similar", "b59CXlZFObA-00419-00190030-00190380": "response, the people are just going to get better at spotting it.", "b59CXlZFObA-00420-00190380-00190884": "Not sharing it and not going and checking the story before they share it.", "b59CXlZFObA-00421-00190884-00191097": "If there's someway to measure it, I suspect it's already happening.", "b59CXlZFObA-00422-00191097-00191564": "Will Duffield: I think you're right about that particularly when it comes to the sorts", "b59CXlZFObA-00423-00191564-00192153": "of fake news that we're seeing now which are usually text-based outrageous [00:32:00] stories.", "b59CXlZFObA-00424-00192153-00192665": "I don't know how many people believe Bat Boy when they saw him on the side of the grocery", "b59CXlZFObA-00425-00192665-00193277": "store checkout aisle 20 years ago but certainly fewer people believe those stories today . Now,", "b59CXlZFObA-00426-00193277-00193729": "to some extent we do have to think about where this is going to go because at the moment", "b59CXlZFObA-00427-00193729-00194435": "it is mostly text-based but you're seeing technologies coming down the pipe to losslessly", "b59CXlZFObA-00428-00194435-00194904": "fake both audio and video.", "b59CXlZFObA-00429-00194904-00195315": "Adobe's project [00:32:30] VoCo is a good example of this with about 20 minutes of someone", "b59CXlZFObA-00430-00195315-00195767": "speaking can then start to create new conversations that they haven't had.", "b59CXlZFObA-00431-00195767-00196407": "Aaron Powell: There's a video, we'll try to put it in the show notes of a ... It's Obama", "b59CXlZFObA-00432-00196407-00196957": "and a couple of other politicians and they have ... They show you them on one side talking", "b59CXlZFObA-00433-00196957-00197550": "and delivering a speech and then on the other side they have used this vocal synthesis software", "b59CXlZFObA-00434-00197550-00198032": "plus like basically a lip remapping to make it look like they're delivering [00:33:00]", "b59CXlZFObA-00435-00198032-00198293": "entirely different speech.", "b59CXlZFObA-00436-00198293-00198616": "Watching them side-by-side you can tell that the fake one is a little bit fake because", "b59CXlZFObA-00437-00198616-00199104": "the mouth movements are a little bit ... Are just slightly off but if you didn't have them", "b59CXlZFObA-00438-00199104-00199552": "side by side, it would fool an awful lot of people.", "b59CXlZFObA-00439-00199552-00199923": "Trevor Burrus: And that's just the beginning, in ten years it will be indistinguishable.", "b59CXlZFObA-00440-00199923-00200396": "Will Duffield: So that's an area in which we need to be thinking about technologies", "b59CXlZFObA-00441-00200396-00200954": "which can combat that going forward because we as human beings with human eyes aren't", "b59CXlZFObA-00442-00200954-00201107": "so good [00:33:30] at doing that.", "b59CXlZFObA-00443-00201107-00201634": "You may end up with a kind of race between different sorts of machine learning algorithms,", "b59CXlZFObA-00444-00201634-00202246": "one trying to trick you or trick the other algorithm which then attempts to determine", "b59CXlZFObA-00445-00202246-00202552": "what's fake and what's not.", "b59CXlZFObA-00446-00202552-00202991": "But the the sooner we can orient ourselves towards those sorts of threats, the better", "b59CXlZFObA-00447-00202991-00203241": "we'll do especially when they're initially rolled out.", "b59CXlZFObA-00448-00203241-00203757": "Trevor Burrus: How much concern do you have because Facebook had announced it's a ... Was", "b59CXlZFObA-00449-00203757-00204353": "going to do it itself to [00:34:00] some degree try and combat fake news and Google as we", "b59CXlZFObA-00450-00204353-00205200": "mentioned with Russia Today, does that because it concerned you how Facebook would do it?", "b59CXlZFObA-00451-00205200-00205777": "Compared to the government ... If we're trying to say we need ways of combating this including", "b59CXlZFObA-00452-00205777-00206323": "our own personal behavior, our own sources, checking our own things, using technologies", "b59CXlZFObA-00453-00206323-00206942": "that help combat it or things like Snopes or whatever we're going to have to do this.", "b59CXlZFObA-00454-00206942-00207285": "Or the government [00:34:30] could do it, which seems to me to be very, very scary-", "b59CXlZFObA-00455-00207285-00207836": "Aaron Powell: Just to clarify, I don't think the government doing it, it would be Facebook", "b59CXlZFObA-00456-00207836-00208181": "coming up with its own way to do it or Facebook doing it in the way that the government tells", "b59CXlZFObA-00457-00208181-00208281": "it to.", "b59CXlZFObA-00458-00208281-00208423": "But it would still be Facebook doing it.", "b59CXlZFObA-00459-00208423-00208741": "You could have the government pass a law that said something about-", "b59CXlZFObA-00460-00208741-00209413": "Will Duffield: This brings us to the recently proposed Honest Ads Act and Facebook's response", "b59CXlZFObA-00461-00209413-00209551": "to it.", "b59CXlZFObA-00462-00209551-00210288": "Amy Klobuchar has proposed a bill that would [00:35:00] regulate online advertising in", "b59CXlZFObA-00463-00210288-00211180": "a similar way to how video advertising on television is regulated with a couple important", "b59CXlZFObA-00464-00211180-00211508": "key differences.", "b59CXlZFObA-00465-00211508-00211996": "One being that it would cover all manner of political advertisements or advertisements", "b59CXlZFObA-00466-00211996-00212678": "oriented towards a national legislative issue of importance which goes beyond simple candidate", "b59CXlZFObA-00467-00212678-00212842": "advocacy.", "b59CXlZFObA-00468-00212842-00213691": "[00:35:30] The bill also includes a provision to have the FCC compile biannual reports on", "b59CXlZFObA-00469-00213691-00214259": "non-paid political online advertising which isn't really defined and could include almost", "b59CXlZFObA-00470-00214259-00214359": "anything.", "b59CXlZFObA-00471-00214359-00214686": "Aaron Powell: Could that be like a YouTube channel where someone just rants about how", "b59CXlZFObA-00472-00214686-00214786": "much their wealth?", "b59CXlZFObA-00473-00214786-00215192": "Will Duffield: Again, no one really knows what it means and yet it's in the bill.", "b59CXlZFObA-00474-00215192-00215623": "When Facebook is attempting to come up with a solution to something like this, it doesn't", "b59CXlZFObA-00475-00215623-00216459": "include those sorts of extraneous overreaches. [00:36:00] It's very problem specific in how", "b59CXlZFObA-00476-00216459-00217108": "its created, tailored and as well unlike traditional legislation, they can test and tweak their", "b59CXlZFObA-00477-00217108-00217392": "solutions in an ongoing fashion.", "b59CXlZFObA-00478-00217392-00218230": "After this bill was announced, Facebook announced its own updated advertising policy which dodging", "b59CXlZFObA-00479-00218230-00218767": "the somewhat difficult to answer question of what counts as a national issue of legislative", "b59CXlZFObA-00480-00218767-00219648": "importance [00:36:30] will create a database of all ads run on Facebook tied to the pages", "b59CXlZFObA-00481-00219648-00219773": "that run them.", "b59CXlZFObA-00482-00219773-00220546": "It'll require pages that run ads to be linked to real people and this is on one hand a measure", "b59CXlZFObA-00483-00220546-00220969": "which accomplishes at least the spirit of what Congress is supposedly setting out to", "b59CXlZFObA-00484-00220969-00221564": "do but also provides general consumer benefit that you wouldn't have seen with the congressional", "b59CXlZFObA-00485-00221564-00221723": "bill.", "b59CXlZFObA-00486-00221723-00222338": "If you're interested in seeing some [00:37:00] things as simple as what kind of ads the sneaker", "b59CXlZFObA-00487-00222338-00222731": "company has been running for the past couple years, whether they're showing you the same", "b59CXlZFObA-00488-00222731-00223298": "ads they show to other people, Facebook will now give that to you.", "b59CXlZFObA-00489-00223298-00223979": "I for one am much more comfortable with platform driven solutions mainly coming down to the", "b59CXlZFObA-00490-00223979-00224528": "fact that they aren't wielding legal power over America as a whole and they know their", "b59CXlZFObA-00491-00224528-00224698": "platforms pretty well.", "b59CXlZFObA-00492-00224698-00224855": "Much better than Congress people.", "b59CXlZFObA-00493-00224855-00225234": "Aaron Powell: The obvious [00:37:30] danger here is to take this back to what?", "b59CXlZFObA-00494-00225234-00226280": "Trevor said that a lot of the motivation behind the current crusade against fake news is Democrats", "b59CXlZFObA-00495-00226280-00227054": "who lost an election looking for an easy explanation and one that doesn't point the finger at them.", "b59CXlZFObA-00496-00227054-00227809": "That isn't, you ran a terrible candidate or people don't like your ideas that's, here's", "b59CXlZFObA-00497-00227809-00227909": "something that can fix it.", "b59CXlZFObA-00498-00227909-00228048": "Trevor Burrus: No, that cannot [00:38:00] be it.", "b59CXlZFObA-00499-00228048-00228227": "It has to be fake news.", "b59CXlZFObA-00500-00228227-00228867": "Aaron Powell: Facebook could do this and Facebook could solve the fake news problem as far as", "b59CXlZFObA-00501-00228867-00229444": "like we as users are concerned but the next time the Democrats lose an election or the", "b59CXlZFObA-00502-00229444-00230135": "Republicans lose an election, they're going to say, it was because you didn't do enough.", "b59CXlZFObA-00503-00230135-00230517": "You didn't solve the fake news problem, we're going to solve it.", "b59CXlZFObA-00504-00230517-00231089": "Then, of course, the legislative things, you make a legislative fix that still ... [00:38:30]", "b59CXlZFObA-00505-00231089-00231563": "Even if Congress passes something to ban fake news, it is still likely that Democrats or", "b59CXlZFObA-00506-00231563-00231985": "Republicans will lose an election at some point in the future.", "b59CXlZFObA-00507-00231985-00232525": "Then we'll want to crack down even further.", "b59CXlZFObA-00508-00232525-00232946": "To some extent is like the private sector saying wait we'll do something about it or", "b59CXlZFObA-00509-00232946-00233425": "yes we acknowledge the problem teeing up those kinds of fights in the future because what", "b59CXlZFObA-00510-00233425-00233846": "the private sector has said is a sexually lended credence to this narrative that the", "b59CXlZFObA-00511-00233846-00234208": "politicians are clinging to that the [00:39:00] reason they lost is because of this thing", "b59CXlZFObA-00512-00234208-00234571": "and this thing is actually a problem when it might not really be a problem in the first", "b59CXlZFObA-00513-00234571-00234671": "place.", "b59CXlZFObA-00514-00234671-00235076": "Will Duffield: I think you're going to have that no matter what you do because if the", "b59CXlZFObA-00515-00235076-00235792": "current platforms come down too hard either on fake news or on opponents of certain politicians", "b59CXlZFObA-00516-00235792-00236538": "or whoever, those folks will find somewhere else to speak, and they already are to some", "b59CXlZFObA-00517-00236538-00236777": "extent.", "b59CXlZFObA-00518-00236777-00237338": "For a host of reasons, you've seen [00:39:30] YouTube demonetizing all kinds of content", "b59CXlZFObA-00519-00237338-00238017": "because advertisers have been frustrated initially because their content was appearing next to", "b59CXlZFObA-00520-00238017-00238669": "terrorist videos but this is now extended to all manner of things.", "b59CXlZFObA-00521-00238669-00238958": "Done reviewers for instance.", "b59CXlZFObA-00522-00238958-00239609": "An alternative platform is sprung up just to host videos about firearms.", "b59CXlZFObA-00523-00239609-00240408": "You're seeing with Patreon and a [00:40:00] sort of crowdfunding website which then kicked", "b59CXlZFObA-00524-00240408-00240650": "off certain members of the alt-right.", "b59CXlZFObA-00525-00240650-00240930": "They've created a competitor called Hatreon.", "b59CXlZFObA-00526-00240930-00241080": "Aaron Powell: And subtle.", "b59CXlZFObA-00527-00241080-00241817": "Will Duffield: So, at some point, even if you get a congressional push to regulate something", "b59CXlZFObA-00528-00241817-00242734": "which is rebutted by a shift in private policy, you'll end up with a competitor which won't", "b59CXlZFObA-00529-00242734-00243350": "make the same change and will [00:40:30] therefore in the mind of Congress people merit their", "b59CXlZFObA-00530-00243350-00243509": "legislative response anyway.", "b59CXlZFObA-00531-00243509-00243933": "Trevor Burrus: I think it's important to point out and this is some stuff I'm currently working", "b59CXlZFObA-00532-00243933-00244189": "on.", "b59CXlZFObA-00533-00244189-00245092": "Part of this problem is tied to the schismatic partisan nature of the country and in particular", "b59CXlZFObA-00534-00245092-00245849": "the inability of partisans to understand why other people disagree with them.", "b59CXlZFObA-00535-00245849-00246419": "To me that is actually [00:41:00] the biggest threat to free speech overall because a while", "b59CXlZFObA-00536-00246419-00247221": "back you had ... I can't which Congress person, I can't remember exactly but some very extremely", "b59CXlZFObA-00537-00247221-00247992": "left-wing member of Congress proposed taking Fox News's license away under the FCC discretionary", "b59CXlZFObA-00538-00247992-00248092": "rules-", "b59CXlZFObA-00539-00248092-00248350": "Will Duffield: Trump wanted to do it with NBC.", "b59CXlZFObA-00540-00248350-00249129": "Trevor Burrus: This was a very marginal view to say that [00:41:30] Fox News is harming", "b59CXlZFObA-00541-00249129-00249544": "America and they should be just classified as a political organization and that be regulated", "b59CXlZFObA-00542-00249544-00249940": "by like the FEC as a political organization.", "b59CXlZFObA-00543-00249940-00250455": "That's the kind of thing that really should be terrifying to people if you have citizens", "b59CXlZFObA-00544-00250455-00251006": "out there who think that the biggest reason people are disagreeing with them is because", "b59CXlZFObA-00545-00251006-00251348": "there's something that's telling them lies.", "b59CXlZFObA-00546-00251348-00251993": "So, the left has thought that forever about places like Cato, we can be called like [00:42:00]", "b59CXlZFObA-00547-00251993-00252503": "a lie manufacturer by people on the left and so we need to be shut down for the good of", "b59CXlZFObA-00548-00252503-00253085": "America and now the right thinks that fake news is the problem and that's why we've had", "b59CXlZFObA-00549-00253085-00253238": "all these issues for years.", "b59CXlZFObA-00550-00253238-00253657": "So, they need to be shut down for the good of America and then you're just going to have", "b59CXlZFObA-00551-00253657-00253825": "possibly a very dangerous situation.", "b59CXlZFObA-00552-00253825-00254453": "Will Duffield: If you have a model of garbage in garbage out, people rather than human beings", "b59CXlZFObA-00553-00254453-00255116": "is kind of news receiving automatons then you'll always seek [00:42:30] to alter their", "b59CXlZFObA-00554-00255116-00255580": "viewpoints by limiting their access to certain bits of information.", "b59CXlZFObA-00555-00255580-00255814": "Trevor Burrus: For the good of America.", "b59CXlZFObA-00556-00255814-00255914": "Because it's not just-", "b59CXlZFObA-00557-00255914-00256065": "Will Duffield: And even for their own good.", "b59CXlZFObA-00558-00256065-00256460": "Trevor Burrus: Your point about voting is perfect because it's not just shutting down", "b59CXlZFObA-00559-00256460-00256798": "science things because the person got Essential Oil.", "b59CXlZFObA-00560-00256798-00257416": "It's like, if we're going to save America by insert policy X, building the wall, single-payer", "b59CXlZFObA-00561-00257416-00257832": "health care or whatever, we need to make sure people understand how good it will be for", "b59CXlZFObA-00562-00257832-00258192": "them and the way we do that is we [00:43:00] shut down the liars.", "b59CXlZFObA-00563-00258192-00258792": "Will Duffield: I mean a big strike against that worldview comes out of this most recent", "b59CXlZFObA-00564-00258792-00259481": "election and the Internet in that you saw the greatest shift towards increased political", "b59CXlZFObA-00565-00259481-00260185": "polarization amongst the elderly and they're also the least likely of any age cohort to", "b59CXlZFObA-00566-00260185-00260705": "be receiving the majority of their news online so the internet supposedly it is tremendously", "b59CXlZFObA-00567-00260705-00261432": "polarizing force didn't seem [00:43:30] to most polarize those who spent the most time", "b59CXlZFObA-00568-00261432-00261532": "on it.", "b59CXlZFObA-00569-00261532-00262321": "Aaron Powell: As far as censorship goes so, if we pulled, if the government pulled a broadcast", "b59CXlZFObA-00570-00262321-00262816": "license in order to block certain types of political speech we would see that as censorship.", "b59CXlZFObA-00571-00262816-00263425": "But do we see it as censorship if the government says hey Google, you better do something and", "b59CXlZFObA-00572-00263425-00264110": "as a result Google radically decreases traffic and attention to Russia Today [00:44:00] or", "b59CXlZFObA-00573-00264110-00264816": "hey Facebook you ought to do something about these liars in the libertarian think-tank", "b59CXlZFObA-00574-00264816-00265859": "world and they and so Facebook turns off Cato's access to its 300,000 plus fans and followers", "b59CXlZFObA-00575-00265859-00265959": "on Facebook.", "b59CXlZFObA-00576-00265959-00266543": "Will Duffield: I would say so I think to make this example stark you have to look outside", "b59CXlZFObA-00577-00266543-00267188": "the United States because we don't think of our government as it generally doesn't [00:44:30]", "b59CXlZFObA-00578-00267188-00267630": "push companies to directly violate the First Amendment.", "b59CXlZFObA-00579-00267630-00268025": "If it did so explicitly, that would be illegal.", "b59CXlZFObA-00580-00268025-00268606": "However, Europe knows no such constraints.", "b59CXlZFObA-00581-00268606-00269407": "In the past year and a half really, we've seen in European Commission code of conduct", "b59CXlZFObA-00582-00269407-00270033": "forced with the threat of regulation behind it on Google, Facebook and Twitter [00:45:00]", "b59CXlZFObA-00583-00270033-00270553": "to adopt European-style speech norms across their platforms globally through their Terms", "b59CXlZFObA-00584-00270553-00270731": "of Service.", "b59CXlZFObA-00585-00270731-00271532": "In many cases when using these platforms, we fall under private standards but private", "b59CXlZFObA-00586-00271532-00271883": "standards promulgated by the European Union.", "b59CXlZFObA-00587-00271883-00272664": "Germany has passed the Nets DG Law which attempts to expand Germany's understandings of hate", "b59CXlZFObA-00588-00272664-00272785": "speech worldwide.", "b59CXlZFObA-00589-00272785-00273565": "It's an [00:45:30] extra territorial imposition by threatening social media companies with", "b59CXlZFObA-00590-00273565-00274135": "millions of pounds in fines if they don't take down certain offending content within", "b59CXlZFObA-00591-00274135-00274283": "24 hours.", "b59CXlZFObA-00592-00274283-00274958": "The very concerning element is that it leads us towards automated takedowns in which you", "b59CXlZFObA-00593-00274958-00275434": "have some algorithm determining what counts as hate speech in Germany and applying it", "b59CXlZFObA-00594-00275434-00275670": "to things you post here.", "b59CXlZFObA-00595-00275670-00276196": "Trevor Burrus: Bill Hicks is never going be listened to again [00:46:00] in Germany then.", "b59CXlZFObA-00596-00276196-00276802": "Will Duffield: Amber Rudd, Home Secretary of the UK seems to keep shrinking her expected", "b59CXlZFObA-00597-00276802-00277626": "takedown window from 12 hours to 2 hours to hopefully automatic takedowns.", "b59CXlZFObA-00598-00277626-00278151": "This covers things which are legal here but hate speech elsewhere.", "b59CXlZFObA-00599-00278151-00278631": "Something like Holocaust denial but even the sharing of technical information.", "b59CXlZFObA-00600-00278631-00278971": "Something that could be used to make a firearm or bomb for instance.", "b59CXlZFObA-00601-00278971-00279739": "[00:46:30] So it has a pretty wide impact and as more and more countries come online", "b59CXlZFObA-00602-00279739-00280448": "and have populations such that they can't simply be turned down and pushed away by the", "b59CXlZFObA-00603-00280448-00281209": "Googles and Facebooks of the world, we're going to see an ever stranger mesh of competing", "b59CXlZFObA-00604-00281209-00282024": "restrictions on speech coming from Turkey, Nigeria, China's mostly walled off [00:47:00]", "b59CXlZFObA-00605-00282024-00282969": "its internet but this problem in general is only going to get worse.You're left with either", "b59CXlZFObA-00606-00282969-00283663": "imposing everyone's norms on everyone, everywhere which leads you with very little acceptable", "b59CXlZFObA-00607-00283663-00283976": "speech or a more fragmented internet.", "b59CXlZFObA-00608-00283976-00284441": "Aaron Powell: Or I'll just pop in here and suggest people go back and listen to our episode", "b59CXlZFObA-00609-00284441-00285015": "on the blockchain from a month or so ago, you end up with a technological shift [00:47:30]", "b59CXlZFObA-00610-00285015-00285621": "where all of this communication is encrypted and decentralized and not accessible to states", "b59CXlZFObA-00611-00285621-00286279": "and not controlled by central entities that can enforce takedown notices.", "b59CXlZFObA-00612-00286279-00286920": "I think that there's a technological fix here and I think that it would be relatively easy", "b59CXlZFObA-00613-00286920-00287321": "to switch this all over to a system where all of the issues that you're raising right", "b59CXlZFObA-00614-00287321-00288096": "now about censorship and public private stuff and gatekeepers simply become [00:48:00] technologically", "b59CXlZFObA-00615-00288096-00288196": "impossible.", "b59CXlZFObA-00616-00288196-00288668": "Will Duffield: I'm sympathetic to that view but I think we need to take the role of intermediaries", "b59CXlZFObA-00617-00288668-00289178": "very seriously here because there have been attempts to do that in the past.", "b59CXlZFObA-00618-00289178-00289874": "Sealand, an anti-aircraft platform that sits in international waters off the coast of both", "b59CXlZFObA-00619-00289874-00290482": "the UK and Europe was for a time in the mid-2000s used as a data haven.", "b59CXlZFObA-00620-00290482-00291064": "It was thought that in a sort of Cryptonomicon ask fashion, people could store their [00:48:30]", "b59CXlZFObA-00621-00291064-00291835": "gambling server here and therefore it wouldn't be touchable by the authorities.", "b59CXlZFObA-00622-00291835-00292236": "That's all well and good but that traffic flows through a cable to Sealand and then", "b59CXlZFObA-00623-00292236-00292946": "to France and all of the gambling traffic can be parsed out as soon as it hits a server", "b59CXlZFObA-00624-00292946-00293161": "on French soil.", "b59CXlZFObA-00625-00293161-00293850": "So, as long as you still have intermediaries and particularly intermediaries that exist", "b59CXlZFObA-00626-00293850-00294707": "within physical space, [00:49:00] you're going to have nexuses of censorship nodes in which", "b59CXlZFObA-00627-00294707-00295129": "the government can interfere and impose its will upon cyberspace.", "b59CXlZFObA-00628-00295129-00295714": "Aaron Powell: We'll move on because we're ... I had a another question for you but I'll", "b59CXlZFObA-00629-00295714-00296232": "just say there that I think I'm more optimistic than you are and I think that we already ... The", "b59CXlZFObA-00630-00296232-00296856": "concerns that you just raised already have been mooted and we can already do those things", "b59CXlZFObA-00631-00296856-00297367": "without having to worry about [00:49:30] the centralized locations or pipes or identifying", "b59CXlZFObA-00632-00297367-00297797": "traffic.", "b59CXlZFObA-00633-00297797-00298741": "We started this conversation with the way that the digital world changed things.", "b59CXlZFObA-00634-00298741-00299355": "That kind of radical break from the prior way that we thought about speech and communication", "b59CXlZFObA-00635-00299355-00300224": "and interaction . So now that we've been in this world for [00:50:00] call it since the", "b59CXlZFObA-00636-00300224-00300463": "early 90s, that's-", "b59CXlZFObA-00637-00300463-00300896": "Trevor Burrus: You've been in the world since the early, you are very early adopter.", "b59CXlZFObA-00638-00300896-00301266": "Aaron Powell: We being the world has had access to these kind of global networks-", "b59CXlZFObA-00639-00301266-00301452": "Trevor Burrus: I would say 2000 is the beginning of-", "b59CXlZFObA-00640-00301452-00301938": "Aaron Powell: Since people began moving online in significant amounts.", "b59CXlZFObA-00641-00301938-00302679": "I remember the wonderful straight to VHS instructional videos in the 90s about how to surf the web", "b59CXlZFObA-00642-00302679-00303067": "that had the person sticking the AOL CD and then be blown [00:50:30] backwards by the", "b59CXlZFObA-00643-00303067-00303472": "awesomeness of the information superhighway.", "b59CXlZFObA-00644-00303472-00304684": "Do you think that in another 20 years, looking back that this shift will have been positive", "b59CXlZFObA-00645-00304684-00305582": "for freedom of speech, for freedom of expression or do you think that it will ... We'll have", "b59CXlZFObA-00646-00305582-00305799": "moved backwards somehow.", "b59CXlZFObA-00647-00305799-00306357": "That the access it [00:51:00] gives to censors, the ability to censor, the ability to control", "b59CXlZFObA-00648-00306357-00306570": "will outweigh the benefits?", "b59CXlZFObA-00649-00306570-00307057": "Will Duffield: I think on the hold its it's still going to be very positive.", "b59CXlZFObA-00650-00307057-00307691": "I mean, today for everything we're concerned about here, we're able to communicate with", "b59CXlZFObA-00651-00307691-00308609": "people all over the world, share ideas, share papers often in a hidden encrypted fashion.", "b59CXlZFObA-00652-00308609-00309132": "People can speak anonymously on the internet and shed their [00:51:30] whatever persona", "b59CXlZFObA-00653-00309132-00309782": "they have in real life in order to speak honestly in a way that they might not be able to in", "b59CXlZFObA-00654-00309782-00310218": "other parts of their life and that these are net goods.", "b59CXlZFObA-00655-00310218-00311214": "I am concerned to some extent by the permanent digital nature of a lot of speech, the fact", "b59CXlZFObA-00656-00311214-00311527": "that data right now is being swept up.", "b59CXlZFObA-00657-00311527-00312020": "That we don't have the processing power to go through yet or it doesn't make sense to", "b59CXlZFObA-00658-00312020-00312870": "[00:52:00] from an economic standpoint but that can one day be parsed and understood", "b59CXlZFObA-00659-00312870-00313430": "in such a fashion that in many cases social pressure can perhaps be applied to people", "b59CXlZFObA-00660-00313430-00313889": "who thought they were speaking anonymously.", "b59CXlZFObA-00661-00313889-00314528": "Or thought that what they were saying was encrypted 20 years from now it might not be.", "b59CXlZFObA-00662-00314528-00315649": "However, again, on the whole it's allowed [00:52:30] us to speak to far wider audiences", "b59CXlZFObA-00663-00315649-00316191": "and for individuals who couldn't have spoken previously to do so, and that's valuable.", "b59CXlZFObA-00664-00316191-00316414": "Aaron Powell: Thanks for listening.", "b59CXlZFObA-00665-00316414-00316759": "This episode of Free Thoughts was produced by Tess Terrible and Evan Banks.", "b59CXlZFObA-00666-00316759-00317214": "To learn more, visit us at www.libertarianism.org."}}, {"audio_id": "b5RcW-3_6wE", "text": {"b5RcW-3_6wE-00000-00000000-00025061": "Music"}}, {"audio_id": "b698FiykXrI", "text": {"b698FiykXrI-00000-00000632-00000867": "What up true surf? Andrew L.A. here", "b698FiykXrI-00001-00000867-00001002": "Today is Thursday!", "b698FiykXrI-00002-00001002-00001415": "...and I'm bringing back this amazing true surf challenge I did", "b698FiykXrI-00003-00001415-00002086": "landing one air trick above 1,000 rotation a day for the entire week", "b698FiykXrI-00004-00002086-00002315": "and to spice it up things a little bit", "b698FiykXrI-00005-00002315-00002751": "I did on sevendifferent true surf spots", "b698FiykXrI-00006-00002751-00003230": "so, I invite you to have fun and watch this video with me", "b698FiykXrI-00007-00003230-00003355": "thank youfor your support", "b698FiykXrI-00008-00003355-00003412": "Aloha!", "b698FiykXrI-00009-00003412-00003638": "...and let's go TRUE SURF", "b698FiykXrI-00010-00011944-00012784": "so", "b698FiykXrI-00011-00016312-00016362": "you"}}, {"audio_id": "b6QITm_m3jk", "text": {"b6QITm_m3jk-00000-00000000-00000080": "gg fortnite"}}, {"audio_id": "b8IYaXzVvPc", "text": {"b8IYaXzVvPc-00000-00000454-00000990": "WHIPLASH MARRIAGE A wrench flies through the air and cracks", "b8IYaXzVvPc-00001-00000990-00001090": "your windshield.", "b8IYaXzVvPc-00002-00001090-00001357": "It's the unexpected that makes life so smashing.", "b8IYaXzVvPc-00003-00001357-00001950": "Like walking along a lake and seeing elk come out of the water.", "b8IYaXzVvPc-00004-00001950-00002306": "Like talking to a physician about the half-life of hope.", "b8IYaXzVvPc-00005-00002306-00002589": "Like waking up to the sound of pleading.", "b8IYaXzVvPc-00006-00002589-00003047": "There are many ways to pretend to die but one is not surprise.", "b8IYaXzVvPc-00007-00003047-00003618": "We all have an ageing uncle who showed in his handshake the strength he still", "b8IYaXzVvPc-00008-00003618-00003718": "possessed.", "b8IYaXzVvPc-00009-00003718-00004146": "He was married to a puissant woman of endemic energy.", "b8IYaXzVvPc-00010-00004146-00004342": "They sired your most obnoxious cousins.", "b8IYaXzVvPc-00011-00004342-00004734": "I wish I had a mirror implanted in my brain so I could", "b8IYaXzVvPc-00012-00004734-00004977": "see my life less directly than I do.", "b8IYaXzVvPc-00013-00004977-00005271": "I had a dream the daylight needed repainting.", "b8IYaXzVvPc-00014-00005271-00005511": "I called my uncle in Kentucky.", "b8IYaXzVvPc-00015-00005511-00005940": "He said he'd take care of it but died when his car drove directly", "b8IYaXzVvPc-00016-00005940-00005942": "into a dove."}}, {"audio_id": "b8Smh_nYoAQ", "text": {"b8Smh_nYoAQ-00000-00000594-00001278": "hi Mom people are gonna think you're my boy toy don't say that 2.3 of the adult", "b8Smh_nYoAQ-00001-00001278-00001973": "population have OCD sit dad forget it I'll go fine five percent have", "b8Smh_nYoAQ-00002-00001973-00002664": "ADHD you believe he wins right what oh no you go and 54 are a Cod adult", "b8Smh_nYoAQ-00003-00002664-00003168": "Children of Divorce you have both turned a nine-year marriage into a hundred year war", "b8Smh_nYoAQ-00004-00003168-00003804": "thank you for seeing me on such short notice so uh what brings you here well my brother's", "b8Smh_nYoAQ-00005-00003804-00004332": "getting married what's it been three or four months oh my God whoa yeah it has been yeah", "b8Smh_nYoAQ-00006-00004332-00004896": "it's been like four months my parents are you know being a nightmare please tell me you are", "b8Smh_nYoAQ-00007-00004896-00005310": "not your Father's son if I ever see that woman's friend kick her in the balls your", "b8Smh_nYoAQ-00008-00005310-00005886": "dad has a new wife wife number three bring me my babies I guess I'm just looking for someone", "b8Smh_nYoAQ-00009-00005886-00006402": "to talk to but I am not a therapist but you were my therapist oh no no no I saw you as part of the", "b8Smh_nYoAQ-00010-00006402-00007104": "study of the effects of divorce on on children oh I wrote a book about it she didn't use your", "b8Smh_nYoAQ-00011-00007104-00007716": "real name you're like Robert or something it's Rick Rick you're Rick you're totally Rick you", "b8Smh_nYoAQ-00012-00007716-00008232": "know according to this Rick is a total disaster you do realize that Rick now owns a successful", "b8Smh_nYoAQ-00013-00008232-00008736": "business and has a beautiful girlfriend so you read it there's no current research about people", "b8Smh_nYoAQ-00014-00008736-00009258": "like you people like me acods adult Children of Divorce do you realize you are the least", "b8Smh_nYoAQ-00015-00009258-00009924": "parented generation ever so how do you two know each other we're part of a book club book club", "b8Smh_nYoAQ-00016-00009924-00010998": "so you're afraid of making the same mistakes your parents made no no I'm gonna call that", "b8Smh_nYoAQ-00017-00010998-00011382": "echoing echoing no it's not echoing and I've just coined a new term and I think it's clever", "b8Smh_nYoAQ-00018-00011526-00011928": "do you know how many men I could have married a lot of men and I married your father who had an", "b8Smh_nYoAQ-00019-00011928-00012444": "adult son the same age as me like a year younger than you you think yeah congratulations it's", "b8Smh_nYoAQ-00020-00012444-00012960": "irrelevant no you think you know better that's a trait you get from your father I do know better", "b8Smh_nYoAQ-00021-00013841-00014196": "you were a last-ditch effort to save this marriage that's", "b8Smh_nYoAQ-00022-00014196-00014580": "a stupid lie darling you were an accident foreign"}}, {"audio_id": "b99UvmjceYA", "text": {"b99UvmjceYA-00000-00000654-00000792": "Hello everybody!", "b99UvmjceYA-00001-00000792-00001221": "This video is about how to disable and delete OneDrive in Windows 10.", "b99UvmjceYA-00002-00001221-00001619": "You may need it if you don’t use this cloud service or you don’t need to synchronize", "b99UvmjceYA-00003-00001619-00002202": "it with your PC and you don’t want to see it in Windows Explorer.", "b99UvmjceYA-00004-00002202-00002741": "Beginning with Windows 1703 Creators Update build, OneDrive can be uninstalled as easy", "b99UvmjceYA-00005-00002741-00003168": "as any other application through the menu Programs and Features.", "b99UvmjceYA-00006-00003168-00004007": "To do it: • Go to Control Panel / Programs and Features", "b99UvmjceYA-00007-00004007-00005017": "• Select Microsoft OneDrive • And click “Uninstall.”", "b99UvmjceYA-00008-00005017-00005328": "After that, OneDrive will be deleted form your PC.", "b99UvmjceYA-00009-00005328-00006165": "This method has only one drawback - the empty OneDrive folder will be shown in the Explorer.", "b99UvmjceYA-00010-00006165-00006590": "If you ever need to have OneDrive back after uninstalling it in such a way, you can do", "b99UvmjceYA-00011-00006590-00007089": "it by running OneDrive installation file.", "b99UvmjceYA-00012-00007089-00007459": "To do it: • Go to the folder C:\\Windows\\SysWOW64\\", "b99UvmjceYA-00013-00007459-00008446": "in the 64-bit version of an operating system • or to the folder C:\\Windows\\System32 if", "b99UvmjceYA-00014-00008446-00009208": "you have a 32-bit operating system • Find the file OneDriveSetup.exe and double-click", "b99UvmjceYA-00015-00009208-00009902": "on it •", "b99UvmjceYA-00016-00009902-00010667": "After that, Windows will reinstall OneDrive and it will work again.", "b99UvmjceYA-00017-00010667-00011168": "You can also uninstall OneDrive from your PC with the help of Registry Editor.", "b99UvmjceYA-00018-00011168-00011466": "To do it: • Go to the Registry Editor by running the", "b99UvmjceYA-00019-00011466-00011656": "command regedit.", "b99UvmjceYA-00020-00011656-00012145": "It can be done with Run window or with Search Windows.", "b99UvmjceYA-00021-00012145-00012368": "• In the Registry Editor, go to the next section", "b99UvmjceYA-00022-00012368-00012468": "HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\\CLSID\\{018D5C66-4533-4307-9B53-224DE2ED1FE6}", "b99UvmjceYA-00023-00012468-00013061": "You will find this link and other links for the Registry Editor in the description.", "b99UvmjceYA-00024-00013061-00013719": "• Double-click on the value System.IsPinnedToNameSpaceTree • Assign the value data “0”", "b99UvmjceYA-00025-00013719-00014309": "• Ok If you have a 64-bit Windows 10 like I do,", "b99UvmjceYA-00026-00014309-00014584": "then: • you should also make changes to the value:", "b99UvmjceYA-00027-00014584-00015429": "System.IsPinnedToNameSpaceTree • which can be found here - HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\\WOW6432Node\\CLSID\\{018D5C66-4533-4307-9B53-224DE2ED1FE6}", "b99UvmjceYA-00028-00015429-00016470": "• Double-click on the value System.IsPinnedToNameSpaceTree and change its value data to “0”", "b99UvmjceYA-00029-00016470-00016863": "• After the restart, OneDrive will be disabled and you will not see it in the Explorer or", "b99UvmjceYA-00030-00016863-00017043": "taskbar.", "b99UvmjceYA-00031-00017043-00017570": "In order to get OneDrive back, make the same changes but in the reverse order.", "b99UvmjceYA-00032-00017570-00018072": "In Windows 10 Professional, Enterprise and Education, OneDrive can also be disabled using", "b99UvmjceYA-00033-00018072-00018301": "Local Group Policy Editor.", "b99UvmjceYA-00034-00018301-00018607": "To do it: • Go to Local Group Policy Editor by running", "b99UvmjceYA-00035-00018607-00018923": "the command gpedit.msc.", "b99UvmjceYA-00036-00018923-00019334": "It can be done with Run window or with Search Windows.", "b99UvmjceYA-00037-00019334-00019864": "• In the left pane of the editor, go to Computer Configuration / Administrative Templates", "b99UvmjceYA-00038-00019864-00021254": "/ Windows Components / OneDrive •", "b99UvmjceYA-00039-00021254-00021577": "Double-click on the setting “Prevent usage of OneDrive for file storage”", "b99UvmjceYA-00040-00021577-00022162": "• In the window that opens select Enabled / Apply / Ok", "b99UvmjceYA-00041-00022162-00022659": "• As a result, access to OneDrive will be disabled and its icon will be removed from", "b99UvmjceYA-00042-00022659-00022902": "the file manager.", "b99UvmjceYA-00043-00022902-00023346": "• After the restart, OneDrive will be disabled and you will not see it in the Explorer or", "b99UvmjceYA-00044-00023346-00023497": "taskbar.", "b99UvmjceYA-00045-00023497-00023965": "• To enable it again, do everything you have done before in the reverse order, or", "b99UvmjceYA-00046-00023965-00024295": "reinstall it as I have just shown.", "b99UvmjceYA-00047-00024295-00024784": "When you disable OneDrive using the Registry Editor or Local Group Policy Editor, you don’t", "b99UvmjceYA-00048-00024784-00025062": "have to uninstall it through the Control Panel.", "b99UvmjceYA-00049-00025062-00025510": "Though it will remain in your computer, it will not show its presence in any way.", "b99UvmjceYA-00050-00025510-00025885": "Synchronization will never take place.", "b99UvmjceYA-00051-00025885-00026382": "If there are any synchronized files left after you disable or uninstall OneDrive, and you", "b99UvmjceYA-00052-00026382-00026604": "don’t need these files, you can just delete them.", "b99UvmjceYA-00053-00026604-00027087": "To do it: • Go to this folder: C:\\Users\\UserName\\OneDrive", "b99UvmjceYA-00054-00027087-00027586": "• Delete the files and folders you don’t need.", "b99UvmjceYA-00055-00027586-00028094": "• Don’t be afraid to do it, as this folder is no longer synchronized with OneDrive, and", "b99UvmjceYA-00056-00028094-00028479": "all your files will be untouched as they are kept in the cloud storage.", "b99UvmjceYA-00057-00028479-00028689": "Only their local copies will be deleted.", "b99UvmjceYA-00058-00028689-00028873": "That is all for now.", "b99UvmjceYA-00059-00028873-00028973": "Thanks for watching.", "b99UvmjceYA-00060-00028973-00029079": "Leave your comments.", "b99UvmjceYA-00061-00029079-00029472": "If you liked this video, click the Like button below and subscribe to our channel to see", "b99UvmjceYA-00062-00029472-00029475": "more."}}, {"audio_id": "b9fdyffEC7Y", "text": {"b9fdyffEC7Y-00000-00000734-00000792": "Hello.", "b9fdyffEC7Y-00001-00001032-00001320": "Well! Here we are, waiting.", "b9fdyffEC7Y-00002-00001414-00001564": "Let's see if I can do this...", "b9fdyffEC7Y-00003-00001564-00001684": "Oh, yeah, like this.", "b9fdyffEC7Y-00004-00001805-00001968": "Here we are waiting for Taxa", "b9fdyffEC7Y-00005-00001968-00002138": "to start recording at last.", "b9fdyffEC7Y-00006-00002158-00002290": "And here is Mr Joan.", "b9fdyffEC7Y-00007-00002554-00002630": "Hello.", "b9fdyffEC7Y-00008-00002884-00003084": "Oh, what a zoom.", "b9fdyffEC7Y-00009-00003411-00003476": "Focus!", "b9fdyffEC7Y-00010-00003570-00003634": "Focus!", "b9fdyffEC7Y-00011-00003728-00003778": "Focus!", "b9fdyffEC7Y-00012-00005780-00005926": "Oh, how cute.", "b9fdyffEC7Y-00013-00006236-00006436": "Let's see if I can move it manually...", "b9fdyffEC7Y-00014-00006436-00006506": "No.", "b9fdyffEC7Y-00015-00010908-00010958": "And that's all.", "b9fdyffEC7Y-00016-00012550-00012720": "Hi, how much is the bass drum?", "b9fdyffEC7Y-00017-00012822-00012872": "How much can you give me?", "b9fdyffEC7Y-00018-00013204-00013328": "I don't know, it's a Pearl."}}, {"audio_id": "b9GgTu_yy6g", "text": {"b9GgTu_yy6g-00000-00026058-00051884": "Telugu Song Uyir Nokkam (Sounds of Isha music)", "b9GgTu_yy6g-00001-00051884-00052167": "(Cheers/Applause)", "b9GgTu_yy6g-00002-00052167-00053460": "(Music)", "b9GgTu_yy6g-00003-00053460-00088922": "(Stage performance by local tribes)", "b9GgTu_yy6g-00004-00088922-00099942": "Speaker 1: (Speaks in Telugu - not transcribed) (Welcome Speech)", "b9GgTu_yy6g-00005-00099942-00121424": "(Video play in Telugu - not transcribed) (Sharings in Telugu - not transcribed)", "b9GgTu_yy6g-00006-00121424-00121914": "Sharing 1: I convey my warm felicitation to the organizers of the Isha Gramotsav.", "b9GgTu_yy6g-00007-00121914-00122473": "Sachin Tendulkar: Congratulating Shri Sadhguruji and Isha Foundation for doing such a fantastic job.", "b9GgTu_yy6g-00008-00122473-00124170": "(Music)", "b9GgTu_yy6g-00009-00124170-00134734": "(Sharings in Telugu - not transcribed)", "b9GgTu_yy6g-00010-00134734-00136900": "Sadhguru: A ball can change the world. (Sharings in Telugu - not transcribed)", "b9GgTu_yy6g-00011-00136900-00137216": "Sharing 3 (P. V. Sindhu): I’m P. V Sindhu.", "b9GgTu_yy6g-00012-00137216-00137618": "I had chosen badminton which was not much recognized sport but then,", "b9GgTu_yy6g-00013-00137618-00138094": "now I see, I… I wanted to fulfill my dream, so I continued playing badminton.", "b9GgTu_yy6g-00014-00138094-00138500": "And now I see most of Indian women are you know, coming up in this sports.", "b9GgTu_yy6g-00015-00138501-00139056": "I feel the Isha Gramotsavam initiative and Sadhguru has been doing a great job.", "b9GgTu_yy6g-00016-00139056-00139585": "I wish them all the very best and I would just like to say that, play the sport, enjoy the sport,", "b9GgTu_yy6g-00017-00139585-00139923": "whether it’s a win or a loss, Thank you.", "b9GgTu_yy6g-00018-00139923-00140906": "(Music)", "b9GgTu_yy6g-00019-00140906-00141156": "Sharing 4: (Speaks in Telugu - not transcribed)", "b9GgTu_yy6g-00020-00141156-00141476": "I’m really glad to hear that the rural people of Andhra", "b9GgTu_yy6g-00021-00141476-00142088": "are demonstrating to the world that they are very good in many things beyond art, culture and sports.", "b9GgTu_yy6g-00022-00142088-00142670": "By participating in Isha Gramotsavam, you all are showing to the world that being a housewife,", "b9GgTu_yy6g-00023-00142670-00143136": "working men, one can play sport and still live a healthy life.", "b9GgTu_yy6g-00024-00143136-00143778": "Sports invariably brings harmony and drives a society beyond gender and age bias.", "b9GgTu_yy6g-00025-00143778-00144410": "So I take this opportunity to extend my greetings and best wishes to UNICEF, Andhra Pradesh government", "b9GgTu_yy6g-00026-00144410-00144676": "and all the volunteers of Isha Foundation,", "b9GgTu_yy6g-00027-00144676-00145459": "who are way… who are working very hard to make Gramotsavam a grand success.", "b9GgTu_yy6g-00028-00145459-00146354": "(Music)", "b9GgTu_yy6g-00029-00146354-00146914": "(Applause)", "b9GgTu_yy6g-00030-00146914-00199392": "Speaker 1: (Speaks in Telugu - not transcribed)", "b9GgTu_yy6g-00031-00199392-00203964": "(Music)", "b9GgTu_yy6g-00032-00203964-00204632": "(Speaks in Telugu - not transcribed)", "b9GgTu_yy6g-00033-00204632-00210676": "(Music)", "b9GgTu_yy6g-00034-00210676-00562442": "(Speaks in Telugu - not transcribed) Game Begins!", "b9GgTu_yy6g-00036-00563518-00644716": "Speaker 1: Congratulations (Speaks in Telugu - not transcribed)", "b9GgTu_yy6g-00037-00644716-00708560": "Guest Speaker: (Speaks in Telugu - not transcribed)", "b9GgTu_yy6g-00038-00708560-00709818": "Speaker (Dhanraj Pillai): The most respectable person in youth, respected Sadhguru,", "b9GgTu_yy6g-00039-00709818-00710316": "dignitaries on the dais", "b9GgTu_yy6g-00040-00710316-00710770": "and one of the greatest athlete I’ve ever seen.", "b9GgTu_yy6g-00041-00710770-00712222": "Her dedication, when I was playing for the country, Olympic medal winner, Karnam Malleswari madam (Applause).", "b9GgTu_yy6g-00042-00712222-00712740": "All the volunteers, Isha Foundation,", "b9GgTu_yy6g-00043-00712740-00713208": "thank you so much for giving me this opportunity to be here today,", "b9GgTu_yy6g-00044-00713208-00713908": "sharing dais with Sadhguru and all the ministers.", "b9GgTu_yy6g-00045-00713908-00715038": "I only can request all the gram… (Audio cut) villagers, players.", "b9GgTu_yy6g-00046-00715038-00716018": "I myself belongs to a village and represented country for seventeen years (Applause).", "b9GgTu_yy6g-00047-00716018-00716342": "I request all the athletes,", "b9GgTu_yy6g-00048-00716342-00716842": "take your sport seriously and represent our country", "b9GgTu_yy6g-00049-00716842-00717730": "and receive Arjun award, Padmashree, Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna award and you have support from Sadhguru.", "b9GgTu_yy6g-00050-00717730-00718102": "Thank you so much.", "b9GgTu_yy6g-00051-00718102-00718920": "And I think, I will request Sadhguru to come in Maharashtra side and", "b9GgTu_yy6g-00052-00718920-00719908": "‘Khel Maha-Utsavam’ should be there in Maharashtra also. Thank you so much (Applause).", "b9GgTu_yy6g-00053-00719908-00720254": "Anchor: I’m sure very soon, we’ll see that too.", "b9GgTu_yy6g-00054-00720254-00721392": "Shri N Bangaruraj garu Managing Director, Sports Authority of Andhra Pradesh.", "b9GgTu_yy6g-00055-00721392-00733852": "Speaker (Shri N Bangaruraj): (Speaks in Telugu - not transcribed)", "b9GgTu_yy6g-00056-00733852-00735584": "Anchor: (Speaks in Telugu - not transcribed)", "b9GgTu_yy6g-00057-00735584-00736196": "Speaker (Shrimati Geeta Garney): First of all, I would like to bow my head in reverence", "b9GgTu_yy6g-00058-00736196-00736654": "to the most knowledgeable, Sadhguruji.", "b9GgTu_yy6g-00059-00736654-00737268": "Whose teachings or whose preaching’s are like a torch light for all of us.", "b9GgTu_yy6g-00060-00737268-00738168": "Whenever there is a confusion, his teachings have been always my guidance.", "b9GgTu_yy6g-00061-00738168-00738520": "My humble salutations to you, Sir.", "b9GgTu_yy6g-00062-00738520-00740434": "(Speaks in Telugu - not transcribed)", "b9GgTu_yy6g-00063-00740434-00740988": "Isha Foundation has today has been an eye opener for all of us sir because", "b9GgTu_yy6g-00064-00740988-00741466": "seventy percent of the people living in rural areas are being left over.", "b9GgTu_yy6g-00065-00741466-00742342": "And that is actually a very important aspect for all us to concentrate,", "b9GgTu_yy6g-00066-00742342-00743094": "to bring the rural population into the general fold.", "b9GgTu_yy6g-00067-00743094-00747902": "(Speaks in Telugu - not transcribed) (Applause).", "b9GgTu_yy6g-00068-00747902-00748326": "In Union Government, I am one of the member in the HRD committee,", "b9GgTu_yy6g-00069-00748326-00748864": "so whatever matching grants are required sir, I will also push from my side and try to get.", "b9GgTu_yy6g-00070-00748864-00749228": "If you can do that sir, it will be of great importance.", "b9GgTu_yy6g-00071-00749228-00750462": "(Speaks in Telugu - not transcribed) (Applause).", "b9GgTu_yy6g-00072-00750462-00750798": "A healthy mind and a healthy body.", "b9GgTu_yy6g-00073-00750798-00751656": "(Speaks in Telugu - not transcribed)", "b9GgTu_yy6g-00074-00751656-00752306": "Jai Hind! (Applause)", "b9GgTu_yy6g-00075-00752306-00753584": "Anchor: (Speaks in Telugu - not transcribed)", "b9GgTu_yy6g-00076-00753584-00765464": "Shri K Haribabu (MP): (Speaks in Telugu - not transcribed)", "b9GgTu_yy6g-00077-00765464-00766540": "Anchor: (Speaks in Telugu - not transcribed) (Welcomes Sadhguru to Speak)", "b9GgTu_yy6g-00078-00766540-00769646": "(Cheers/Applause)", "b9GgTu_yy6g-00079-00769646-00769950": "Sadhguru: (Speaks in Telugu - not transcribed)", "b9GgTu_yy6g-00080-00769950-00770662": "Sadhguru: My Namaskarams to everybody.", "b9GgTu_yy6g-00081-00770662-00770890": "When I…", "b9GgTu_yy6g-00082-00770890-00772556": "When I first noticed (Laughs) that rural India from being a vibrant, beautiful atmosphere,", "b9GgTu_yy6g-00083-00772556-00773192": "slowly was becoming a place where nobody wants to be.", "b9GgTu_yy6g-00084-00773192-00774362": "A certain level of desperation, depression because the traditional strengths which existed in the society,", "b9GgTu_yy6g-00085-00774362-00775402": "in the form of folk dances, folk music and other folk arts, rapidly vanished.", "b9GgTu_yy6g-00086-00775402-00775950": "I thought the easiest thing, to bring to rural scape was sport.", "b9GgTu_yy6g-00087-00775950-00776696": "Sport is capable of leveling out all  differences of caste, creed, and gender.", "b9GgTu_yy6g-00088-00776696-00777282": "Last twenty-two years, this is been on in Tamil Nadu.", "b9GgTu_yy6g-00089-00777282-00777724": "I’m extremely happy to see that the youth of Andhra Pradesh", "b9GgTu_yy6g-00090-00777724-00778158": "or the rural youth of Andhra Pradesh are into sport.", "b9GgTu_yy6g-00091-00778158-00778858": "And sport icons like Dhanraj Pillai, who himself comes from a rural scape", "b9GgTu_yy6g-00092-00778858-00779176": "and Malleswari who comes also from a rural scape.", "b9GgTu_yy6g-00093-00779176-00780288": "These are great inspirations for the youth of this nation (Applause).", "b9GgTu_yy6g-00094-00780288-00781282": "And it’s wonderful that an international body like UNICEF has taken up this cause", "b9GgTu_yy6g-00095-00781282-00782180": "and the government of Andhra Pradesh and the Chief Minister himself is very enthusiastic about this cause.", "b9GgTu_yy6g-00096-00782180-00782576": "It’s very important, we may do many things in the country.", "b9GgTu_yy6g-00097-00782576-00782956": "We can build bridges, we can build dams, we can do many things.", "b9GgTu_yy6g-00098-00782956-00783212": "The most important thing is,", "b9GgTu_yy6g-00099-00783212-00783868": "we keep the people of this nation in a high level of inspiration, health and well-being.", "b9GgTu_yy6g-00100-00783868-00784190": "Without great people, there is no great nation.", "b9GgTu_yy6g-00101-00784190-00784488": "This is a small effort in that direction.", "b9GgTu_yy6g-00102-00784488-00784740": "Every one of you should take this on.", "b9GgTu_yy6g-00103-00784740-00785244": "It need not necessarily always happen under the umbrella of an organization.", "b9GgTu_yy6g-00104-00785244-00785610": "Everybody should take this on and make it happen.", "b9GgTu_yy6g-00105-00785610-00786358": "Everywhere including your homes, some playfulness in your house.", "b9GgTu_yy6g-00106-00786358-00786698": "At least throw a ball at each other.", "b9GgTu_yy6g-00107-00786698-00787332": "You have…we don’t… We don’t have a ball - throw a potato, what’s the problem?", "b9GgTu_yy6g-00108-00787332-00787748": "Bringing playfulness into your life is very important.", "b9GgTu_yy6g-00109-00787748-00788170": "Otherwise, life will sit very heavy on your head.", "b9GgTu_yy6g-00110-00788170-00788884": "The many challenges of life will sit so heavy on your head, unless you’re playful in your day-to-day life.", "b9GgTu_yy6g-00111-00788884-00789644": "I would say every family, every community, every village bring some playfulness.", "b9GgTu_yy6g-00112-00789644-00790548": "It need not necessarily be an organized process.", "b9GgTu_yy6g-00113-00790548-00791024": "Let me see, who is playful among this and who will catch the ball.", "b9GgTu_yy6g-00114-00791024-00791758": "Yoo-hoo… (Claps) (Cheers) Thank you, Thank you for being here. Wonderful! All the athletes,", "b9GgTu_yy6g-00115-00791758-00791906": "all the people who played.", "b9GgTu_yy6g-00116-00791906-00793716": "Especially, the ladies who’ve come out of their villages and playing here, fantastic (Applause).", "b9GgTu_yy6g-00117-00793716-00804186": "Anchor: (Speaks in Telugu - not transcribed)", "b9GgTu_yy6g-00118-00804186-00804926": "Thank you very much. Thanks for being a part of this.", "b9GgTu_yy6g-00119-00804926-00831812": "(Cheers) (Sounds of Isha music - Tamil song Alai Alai…)"}}, {"audio_id": "bqmNg9qtYly", "text": {"bqmNg9qtYly-00000-00000000-00000294": "Maximum Crisis comes with support for some archetypes, for example:", "bqmNg9qtYly-00001-00000294-00000565": "Nekroz, Buster Blader, D/D/D, Phantom Knight, Resonator", "bqmNg9qtYly-00002-00000566-00000844": "Digital Bugs, Artifacts, Zefra, Bujin & Sylvan", "bqmNg9qtYly-00003-00000844-00000942": "to name just a few examples", "bqmNg9qtYly-00004-00000942-00001168": "in this set True Draco is released for the first time", "bqmNg9qtYly-00005-00001168-00001447": "it's in their nature to be tributed by using", "bqmNg9qtYly-00006-00001447-00001663": "continuous spells and traps as tributes", "bqmNg9qtYly-00007-00001663-00001828": "their strongest monster is Master Peace", "bqmNg9qtYly-00008-00001828-00001930": "what's special about him is", "bqmNg9qtYly-00009-00001930-00002112": "that he's unaffected depending on the tributes used", "bqmNg9qtYly-00010-00002132-00002340": "a combination of spell, trap or monster immunity", "bqmNg9qtYly-00011-00002360-00002700": "while also having the ability for quickplay removal", "bqmNg9qtYly-00012-00002700-00002980": "the true King XYZ is also relaesed", "bqmNg9qtYly-00013-00002980-00003206": "just as their searching field spell", "bqmNg9qtYly-00014-00003210-00003447": "furthermore predaplants get their 2 best monsters", "bqmNg9qtYly-00015-00003447-00003646": "who will surely be used in many decks", "bqmNg9qtYly-00016-00003646-00003904": "there's also good support for SPYRAL and Subterror", "bqmNg9qtYly-00017-00003904-00004032": "but they're still only Tier 2", "bqmNg9qtYly-00018-00004032-00004208": "Zoodiac get's another wave of strong support", "bqmNg9qtYly-00019-00004208-00004380": "which gives it back it's old strength", "bqmNg9qtYly-00020-00004392-00004696": "Ash Blossom is a good Handtrap and will always be worth considering", "bqmNg9qtYly-00021-00004696-00004992": "Tornado Dragon is a good card and will be staple for many decks", "bqmNg9qtYly-00022-00004992-00005128": "Will something change about the meta?", "bqmNg9qtYly-00023-00005128-00005336": "we'll have to wait and see for ourselves which deck will become the most dominant", "bqmNg9qtYly-00024-00005350-00005710": "but for sure Zoodiac and True Draco will be more prevalent", "bqmNg9qtYly-00025-00005710-00005946": "and if not the deck itself then as an engine"}}, {"audio_id": "bq-F1K5dITI", "text": {"bq-F1K5dITI-00000-00000064-00000704": "i am about to start promoting the video on luke davidson's video, which is going to come after", "bq-F1K5dITI-00001-00000704-00001472": "20 more minutes. it usually uploads around 8 p.m,  and we need to have at least 60 links, or 50 for", "bq-F1K5dITI-00002-00001472-00001904": "saving mode. now, you might have noticed the views have stopped for a while ago.", "bq-F1K5dITI-00003-00001984-00002808": "wait. did i notice something weird 7 40 to 7 39 pm? how is that possible? wait."}}, {"audio_id": "bqK_-VTGbN4", "text": {"bqK_-VTGbN4-00000-00000390-00001118": "One of the most foundational assumptions behind modern democracy is that the elected officials somehow represent the interests of those who elected them.", "bqK_-VTGbN4-00001-00001213-00001542": "Hello, this is Ryan McMaken and you're listening to Radio Rothbard.", "bqK_-VTGbN4-00002-00001750-00002085": "Advocates for the political status quo flog this position repeatedly,", "bqK_-VTGbN4-00003-00002122-00002799": "claiming that taxation and the regulatory state are all morally legitimate because the voters are \"represented.\" Even", "bqK_-VTGbN4-00004-00002830-00003114": "conservatives, who often claim to be for \"small government\"", "bqK_-VTGbN4-00005-00003133-00003807": "often oppose radicalism of any kind — such as secession — on the grounds that political resistance movements such as the American", "bqK_-VTGbN4-00006-00003817-00004248": "Revolution are only acceptable when there is \"taxation without representation.\"", "bqK_-VTGbN4-00007-00004378-00004773": "The implication being that since the United States holds elections every now and then,", "bqK_-VTGbN4-00008-00004789-00005273": "no political action outside of voting — and maybe a little sign waving — is allowed.", "bqK_-VTGbN4-00009-00005382-00005891": "This, position, however, rests on the idea that elected officials are truly representative. If", "bqK_-VTGbN4-00010-00005941-00006581": "taxation with representation makes government legitimate — as some argue — then we must first establish that the government's claims of", "bqK_-VTGbN4-00011-00006609-00006778": "representation are believable. On", "bqK_-VTGbN4-00012-00006778-00007220": "a theoretical level, Gerard Casey has already cast serious doubt on these claims.", "bqK_-VTGbN4-00013-00007236-00007761": "Casey draws on the work of Hanna Pitkin, who admits it is plausible that: \"Perhaps", "bqK_-VTGbN4-00014-00007800-00008378": "representation in politics is only a fiction, a myth forming part of the folklore of our society. Or perhaps", "bqK_-VTGbN4-00015-00008458-00008708": "representation must be redefined to fit our politics;", "bqK_-VTGbN4-00016-00008740-00009080": "perhaps we must simply accept the fact that what we have been calling", "bqK_-VTGbN4-00017-00009111-00009611": "representative government is in reality just party competition for office.\"", "bqK_-VTGbN4-00018-00009688-00009888": "After all, as Casey points out,", "bqK_-VTGbN4-00019-00009961-00010319": "representation in the private sector usually means there is an agent-principal", "bqK_-VTGbN4-00020-00010354-00011084": "relationship in which the agent is legally bound to attempt to represent the material interests of a clearly defined person or group of people.", "bqK_-VTGbN4-00021-00011154-00011423": "Clearly, this does not describe political representation.", "bqK_-VTGbN4-00022-00011434-00011877": "Not only is it unclear what the material interests of the voters — as a group — are,", "bqK_-VTGbN4-00023-00011922-00012563": "but the supposed agent in the relationship — the elected official — is not legally bound to pursue the interests of the voters", "bqK_-VTGbN4-00024-00012564-00013172": "he supposedly represents. To conclude therefore, that any specific voter has consented to, say, a tax", "bqK_-VTGbN4-00025-00013219-00013781": "increase because his \"representative\" approved it, is an extremely sketchy endeavor, at best.", "bqK_-VTGbN4-00026-00013836-00014149": "Nor is there any reason for us to expect that such a scheme of", "bqK_-VTGbN4-00027-00014190-00014737": "representation could possibly be meaningful under modern conceptions of representative government and democracy.", "bqK_-VTGbN4-00028-00014772-00015130": "Neither the system itself, nor the sorts of people who run for office,", "bqK_-VTGbN4-00029-00015162-00015500": "give us any reason to believe in the viability of such a system.", "bqK_-VTGbN4-00030-00015606-00016216": "Specifically, there are two ways that real-world political representation doesn't fit the popular notions of how it all works.", "bqK_-VTGbN4-00031-00016293-00016919": "First of all, even if a politician wanted to faithfully represent the people within his constituency, this would be impossible.", "bqK_-VTGbN4-00032-00016956-00017531": "It is impossible because the politicians can't know the views of the whole population within his constituency.", "bqK_-VTGbN4-00033-00017550-00017800": "And it's impossible because the more diverse a", "bqK_-VTGbN4-00034-00017826-00018451": "constituency becomes, the more unlikely it is that any legislation can be crafted to serve the interests of everyone.", "bqK_-VTGbN4-00035-00018548-00019255": "Secondly, we must not fall into the trap of assuming that political representatives even try to respond to the policy desires of the district voters.", "bqK_-VTGbN4-00036-00019290-00019885": "The idea that government coercion is made legitimate through political representation leans heavily on the idea that", "bqK_-VTGbN4-00037-00019929-00020675": "politicians adhere to a delegate model of political representation in which they try to advance or protect the interests of their constituents.", "bqK_-VTGbN4-00038-00020742-00020942": "Unfortunately, this is a bad assumption.", "bqK_-VTGbN4-00039-00021045-00021467": "Casey illustrates that political representation does not work on a theoretical level.", "bqK_-VTGbN4-00040-00021492-00022072": "But let us be \"practical\" types for a few minutes and imagine that we could, in theory, put together a", "bqK_-VTGbN4-00041-00022104-00022517": "constituency of people with similar economic, cultural, and religious interests.", "bqK_-VTGbN4-00042-00022532-00023200": "We could then at least entertain the idea that it might be possible to represent this group. That is, with a constituency", "bqK_-VTGbN4-00043-00023201-00023785": "that is highly homogeneous, we could at least make a claim that we can understand and pursue the interests of the group overall.", "bqK_-VTGbN4-00044-00023853-00024232": "But even if this is our standard do such legislators even exist?", "bqK_-VTGbN4-00045-00024312-00024889": "Limiting our analysis to the United States, we might find examples in some small, culturally homogeneous areas.", "bqK_-VTGbN4-00046-00024935-00025171": "This may be true at the level of a county commission", "bqK_-VTGbN4-00047-00025197-00025867": "or in the legislature of a small state like New Hampshire, where legislators represent only a few thousand people per district.", "bqK_-VTGbN4-00048-00025934-00026476": "At the Congressional level, however, where a single district typically includes hundreds of thousands of people,", "bqK_-VTGbN4-00049-00026533-00027029": "claims of homogeneity are obviously nonsense. And, the larger the constituency, the worse", "bqK_-VTGbN4-00050-00027029-00027574": "it gets. As Frances Lee and Bruce Oppenheimer note in their book Sizing Up the Senate:", "bqK_-VTGbN4-00051-00027594-00028079": "\"Large states ... will encompass more political interests than small states, all other things being equal. ...", "bqK_-VTGbN4-00052-00028131-00028685": "[A]lthough small population does not guarantee homogeneity, large population does result in", "bqK_-VTGbN4-00053-00028743-00029222": "heterogeneity.\" It logically follows, then, that a more heterogeneous", "bqK_-VTGbN4-00054-00029301-00029959": "population is unlikely to have a political representative who actually shares many of their ideological views. In his book", "bqK_-VTGbN4-00055-00029988-00030745": "Congressional Representation and Constituents, Brian Frederick concludes: \"[A]n expanding constituency size is not an insubstantial", "bqK_-VTGbN4-00056-00030797-00031348": "contribution to House members' level of ideological divergence from their constituents. ... In smaller,", "bqK_-VTGbN4-00057-00031391-00031580": "ideologically cohesive constituencies", "bqK_-VTGbN4-00058-00031580-00032008": "it is easier for legislators to satisfy the policy desires of the citizenry.", "bqK_-VTGbN4-00059-00032037-00032825": "The growth in House district populations seems to have increased the distance between the representative and constituents of the area of policy", "bqK_-VTGbN4-00060-00032871-00033071": "representation.\"", "bqK_-VTGbN4-00061-00033105-00033491": "Consequently, it's not surprising that once we get to the level of the US Senate,", "bqK_-VTGbN4-00062-00033561-00033913": "representatives show virtually no congruence with the ideologies of the people", "bqK_-VTGbN4-00063-00033913-00034486": "they're supposed to represent. In his empirical study of representation, political scientist Michael Barber writes:", "bqK_-VTGbN4-00064-00034602-00035399": "\"[S]enators’ preferences diverge dramatically from the preference of the average voter in their state. The degree of divergence is nearly as", "bqK_-VTGbN4-00065-00035399-00035774": "large as if voters were randomly assigned to a senator.\"", "bqK_-VTGbN4-00066-00035871-00036578": "Naturally, this can be affected by factors other then mere heterogeneity of the population — such as the need for candidates to cultivate relationships", "bqK_-VTGbN4-00067-00036651-00036871": "with those who can provide campaign funds.", "bqK_-VTGbN4-00068-00036930-00037571": "Nevertheless, the impossibility of representing the interests of such a large population drives a legislator to pick and choose", "bqK_-VTGbN4-00069-00037602-00038357": "whose interests he decides to listen to. In the case of the Senate, Barber finds those who do get represented are often", "bqK_-VTGbN4-00070-00038378-00038662": "the constituents \"who write checks and attend fundraisers.\"", "bqK_-VTGbN4-00071-00038874-00039151": "But it's not necessary to conclude that legislators", "bqK_-VTGbN4-00072-00039152-00039352": "listen to wealthy donors for cynical reasons.", "bqK_-VTGbN4-00073-00039365-00039565": "Even if a Senator under these circumstances", "bqK_-VTGbN4-00074-00039600-00040254": "wanted to represent all five million of his constituents (as would be the case in a medium-sized state like Minnesota or Colorado),", "bqK_-VTGbN4-00075-00040297-00040836": "it's important to reiterate that this is simply an impossible task under the delegate model of", "bqK_-VTGbN4-00076-00040888-00041047": "representation. But", "bqK_-VTGbN4-00077-00041047-00041601": "up to this point, we've been assuming that elected officials imagine themselves largely as delegates of the populations", "bqK_-VTGbN4-00078-00041602-00042262": "they represent. This, after all, is the assumption behind the basic framework of Madisonian political theory: that different", "bqK_-VTGbN4-00079-00042308-00042687": "socioeconomic and cultural groups will be represented in Congress by elected officials,", "bqK_-VTGbN4-00080-00042687-00043263": "and these different groups will pursue their own interests, thus providing checks and balances against each other.", "bqK_-VTGbN4-00081-00043294-00043596": "But what if elected officials don't view themselves this way?", "bqK_-VTGbN4-00082-00043625-00044160": "What if they view themselves as trustees whose job it is to do what's \"best\" for the people", "bqK_-VTGbN4-00083-00044194-00044607": "in their district regardless of what the voter preferences actually are?", "bqK_-VTGbN4-00084-00044693-00045325": "Those who have worked with elected officials will see little novelty in this suggestion. If I may be permitted a personal anecdote,", "bqK_-VTGbN4-00085-00045325-00045666": "I will note that in my days working with state legislators,", "bqK_-VTGbN4-00086-00045666-00046041": "it was not uncommon to be told by a legislator that he was torn as to whether", "bqK_-VTGbN4-00087-00046052-00046471": "He should vote in a way \"the voters want\" or to do \"the right thing.\"", "bqK_-VTGbN4-00088-00046505-00047028": "The \"right thing,\" in the mind of a legislator, is simply that which comports to his or her personal", "bqK_-VTGbN4-00089-00047056-00047613": "ideology. If the legislator chose to overrule what he or she perceived to be the opinion of \"the people,\"", "bqK_-VTGbN4-00090-00047644-00048159": "then at least on that day, the legislator was acting as a trustee rather than as a delegate.", "bqK_-VTGbN4-00091-00048241-00048951": "There a numerous studies suggesting that such behavior in hardly rare. The political science literature showing a disconnect between the votes of", "bqK_-VTGbN4-00092-00048968-00049506": "legislators and constituent opinion has been mounting for years. One particularly interesting study is a", "bqK_-VTGbN4-00093-00049568-00050316": "2017 paper from John Matsusake in which he concluded: \"[W]hen legislator preferences differed from district opinion on an issue,", "bqK_-VTGbN4-00094-00050375-00051063": "legislators voted congruent with district opinion only 29 percent of the time. The data do not show a reliable connection between", "bqK_-VTGbN4-00095-00051091-00051615": "congruence and competitive election, term limits, campaign contributions, or media attention.", "bqK_-VTGbN4-00096-00051634-00052419": "The evidence is most consistent with the assumption of a citizen-candidate model that legislators vote their own preferences.\"", "bqK_-VTGbN4-00097-00052558-00052920": "There is, of course, no such thing as a \"district opinion,\"", "bqK_-VTGbN4-00098-00052920-00053148": "but the general idea is clear enough: when", "bqK_-VTGbN4-00099-00053175-00053853": "confronted with how to vote on an issue, a legislator, at least in Matsusake's study, usually votes according to his own ideological", "bqK_-VTGbN4-00100-00053875-00054209": "views — even when he suspects a majority of his own voters prefer otherwise.", "bqK_-VTGbN4-00101-00054223-00054840": "While it's certainly possible to defend legislators who vote according to personal principal on various grounds,", "bqK_-VTGbN4-00102-00054865-00055643": "we cannot also claim that this sort of governance is a \"representative\" system in line with popular notions of how political representation is", "bqK_-VTGbN4-00103-00055690-00056015": "equivalent to voter consent for various political agendas. If", "bqK_-VTGbN4-00104-00056067-00056405": "elected officials are in the habit of voting to suit their own ideologies —", "bqK_-VTGbN4-00105-00056430-00057035": "even when it means overriding the ideological preferences of many voters — then its hard to see how we can also call this", "bqK_-VTGbN4-00106-00057070-00057497": "\"representative\" or a system that transmits \"consent\" from the voters to their political", "bqK_-VTGbN4-00107-00057538-00057884": "representatives. And yet, in spite of all the evidence that elected officials", "bqK_-VTGbN4-00108-00057891-00058259": "neither know the preference of voters, nor vote in accordance with them,", "bqK_-VTGbN4-00109-00058260-00058604": "we continue to be told that governments must be respected and obeyed", "bqK_-VTGbN4-00110-00058627-00059099": "because they have legitimacy granted to them by the fact they are \"democratic\" and \"representative.\"", "bqK_-VTGbN4-00111-00059185-00059979": "or centuries, this myth of representation has served to quash opposition to government abuse, and to bolster claims that submission to government is", "bqK_-VTGbN4-00112-00060019-00060270": "\"voluntary.\" It's time to abandon the myths.", "bqK_-VTGbN4-00113-00060370-00060662": "Thank you for listening to Radio Rothbard. Have a wonderful day!", "bqK_-VTGbN4-00114-00060987-00061286": "For more content like this visit Mises.org"}}, {"audio_id": "bqUKzJTFPN0", "text": {"bqUKzJTFPN0-00000-00000096-00000672": "because i have so many videos that i haven't added subtitles to, i think there are around", "bqUKzJTFPN0-00001-00000672-00001512": "50 of them, i'm a little sorry to say that i may need to add them before i can make my next video.", "bqUKzJTFPN0-00002-00001512-00001984": "because i don't want to have some videos with me without subtitles on my channel for too long,", "bqUKzJTFPN0-00003-00002072-00002560": "is that okay. so you may need to wait a bit longer."}}, {"audio_id": "bqYfsIHb88A", "text": {"bqYfsIHb88A-00000-00000059-00000771": "Tyler: Time management, how do you do it, and what's your advice? How do you nudge yourself,", "bqYfsIHb88A-00001-00000771-00001282": "or who nudges you? Cass: I have a four‑year‑old daughter,", "bqYfsIHb88A-00002-00001282-00001925": "she just turned four, and if I don't deliver pages to her at night, she goes to bed around", "bqYfsIHb88A-00003-00001925-00002413": "8:30, she's really mad. She says, \"Daddy, what did you write?\" This is completely false,", "bqYfsIHb88A-00004-00002413-00003501": "I'm making it up. She doesn't have any need that I write pages, but I feel every day that", "bqYfsIHb88A-00005-00003501-00003957": "if I haven't written at least something or had an idea, then I haven't quite done my", "bqYfsIHb88A-00006-00003957-00004310": "job. Most days I feel that, write something, and", "bqYfsIHb88A-00007-00004310-00004851": "if I have a week or two weeks where I haven't made a little progress on something that is", "bqYfsIHb88A-00008-00004851-00005482": "potentially an academic article or a book, I feel pedal to the metal time. You've got", "bqYfsIHb88A-00009-00005482-00006268": "to produce something. I have an internal super ego or something about writing. I also really", "bqYfsIHb88A-00010-00006268-00007034": "enjoy it, I have no writer's block, but I will write a lot of stuff that no one will", "bqYfsIHb88A-00011-00007034-00007453": "ever see, because it's too terrible. Tyler: So we only get the tip of the iceberg?", "bqYfsIHb88A-00012-00007453-00007977": "Cass: My filter is probably not sufficiently rigorous, so you probably see too much, but", "bqYfsIHb88A-00013-00007977-00008796": "I do have a filter. I write, I try like there is no try, there's do, but there's also experimenting.", "bqYfsIHb88A-00014-00008796-00009317": "I'm working on a book on liberty, I've been doing it for a few years, and I have 90,000", "bqYfsIHb88A-00015-00009317-00010000": "words and I don't like what's there. I hope something will come of it. The advice would", "bqYfsIHb88A-00016-00010000-00010827": "be you are a living practitioner of this, if you have something to say, write it.", "bqYfsIHb88A-00017-00010827-00011498": "Then think is it worth showing to the world? To be too critical of your own production", "bqYfsIHb88A-00018-00011498-00012299": "at the early stages at least, is an error. Be critical, if it's a book or an academic", "bqYfsIHb88A-00019-00012299-00012822": "article, be really hard on yourself late, but early just assume it's good."}}, {"audio_id": "br1CqEh6_mc", "text": {"br1CqEh6_mc-00000-00002471-00002700": "namaskara me-tv new school swagatam", "br1CqEh6_mc-00001-00002700-00003171": "Monda Kaimuki um salut Parliament mundo", "br1CqEh6_mc-00002-00003171-00003435": "cuñado articles our way Morini samskaara", "br1CqEh6_mc-00003-00003435-00003654": "nella pi Korea China valid in Java Qasim", "br1CqEh6_mc-00004-00003654-00004094": "rape a poor teeth i wash iike budget", "br1CqEh6_mc-00005-00004217-00004440": "committee polish until some still", "br1CqEh6_mc-00006-00004440-00004605": "upsetting a tulip a committee Paris", "br1CqEh6_mc-00007-00004605-00004940": "Alana new CM k CR to Nevada cow Nehru La", "br1CqEh6_mc-00008-00004940-00005100": "Scala Medusa Messina parish karim", "br1CqEh6_mc-00009-00005100-00005790": "disregard guru Telangana mandala alone 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{"audio_id": "br39XDWCw1u", "text": {"br39XDWCw1u-00000-00000000-00360003": "\"Tower of Hell\" By YXCeptional Studios"}}, {"audio_id": "brEWCviJEXI", "text": {"brEWCviJEXI-00000-00000072-00000168": "Part two!", "brEWCviJEXI-00001-00000496-00001128": "So the test statistic is used to find what is called a p-value. A p-value or a probability", "brEWCviJEXI-00002-00001128-00001888": "value is the probability of getting a value of the test statistic that is at least as extreme as the", "brEWCviJEXI-00003-00001888-00002464": "one representing the sample data assuming that the null hypothesis is true. Basically it's looking at", "brEWCviJEXI-00004-00002584-00002984": "what's the probability our test statistic is likely?", "brEWCviJEXI-00005-00003192-00003664": "So we use the test statistic to find the p-value. The critical region or rejection region is the set", "brEWCviJEXI-00006-00003664-00004336": "of all values of the test statistic that cause us to reject the null hypothesis. So to find p-values,", "brEWCviJEXI-00007-00004336-00004992": "it's important to take note of the tails in a distribution. Determinations of p-values and", "brEWCviJEXI-00008-00004992-00005440": "critical values, which we'll talk about momentarily,  are affected by whether a critical region is in", "brEWCviJEXI-00009-00005440-00006184": "two tails, the left tail, or the right tail. It it is important to correctly", "brEWCviJEXI-00010-00006184-00006712": "identify a hypothesis as being two-tailed, left-tailed, or right-tailed. So how do you know?", "brEWCviJEXI-00011-00006880-00007728": "Well, when your null hypothesis is not equal to, that means you have a two-tailed test. So the", "brEWCviJEXI-00012-00007728-00008616": "critical region is in two tails and the p-value is the sum of the area of the two tails. When you", "brEWCviJEXI-00013-00008616-00009200": "have a left-tailed test, well that's when the null hypothesis is less than. Less than is left-tailed.", "brEWCviJEXI-00014-00009360-00010048": "So the critical region is your left tail, and the p-value is the area of that left tail, and", "brEWCviJEXI-00015-00010048-00010600": "then your test statistic will be what separates that critical region from the rest of the graph.", "brEWCviJEXI-00016-00010688-00011384": "The right tailed test is whenever your alternative hypothesis is greater than. And the p-value is the", "brEWCviJEXI-00017-00011384-00012024": "area of that right tail. All right so in Google sheets we'll literally go to the compute tab", "brEWCviJEXI-00018-00012024-00012624": "and we'll deal with the normal section to find the area of that region under the curve, whether", "brEWCviJEXI-00019-00012624-00013408": "it's left tailed, right tailed, or both tails. The level of significance denoted by alpha, remember that's", "brEWCviJEXI-00020-00013504-00013912": "your significance level, is the probability that the test statistic will fall", "brEWCviJEXI-00021-00013912-00014208": "in the critical region when the null hypothesis is actually true.", "brEWCviJEXI-00022-00014424-00015063": "So we'll always assume alpha is .05 if no level of significance is given. So what happens is we", "brEWCviJEXI-00023-00015063-00015696": "compare the p-value to this level of significance and instantly we know whether or not to reject", "brEWCviJEXI-00024-00015760-00016496": "or fail to reject, meaning keep the null hypothesis. So here's the decision-making criteria:", "brEWCviJEXI-00025-00016600-00017112": "If the p-value is less than or equal to alpha..... if the p-value is less than or equal to alpha;", "brEWCviJEXI-00026-00017112-00017736": "alpha is the limbo bar - we want the p-value less.....we reject the null hypothesis. So by weeding out", "brEWCviJEXI-00027-00017736-00018312": "the null hypothesis, it gives the possibility that the alternative hypothesis is potentially", "brEWCviJEXI-00028-00018312-00018976": "true, and if the p-value is greater than alpha, we fail to reject the null hypothesis. If we fail to", "brEWCviJEXI-00029-00018976-00019520": "reject the null hypothesis, we cannot say anything,  about the alternative; we're stuck with the null.", "brEWCviJEXI-00030-00019648-00019912": "All right, so keep in mind p-value is a probability", "brEWCviJEXI-00031-00019976-00020472": "and proportion is the percentage of a population that has a certain characteristic.", "brEWCviJEXI-00032-00020712-00021352": "Let's practice finding a p-value. So find the p-value for a test statistic of z equals 1.60.", "brEWCviJEXI-00033-00021352-00021480": "Determine the conclusion.", "brEWCviJEXI-00034-00021744-00022360": "Alright, so draw your visual. So this is the same example. Remember what our hypotheses are,", "brEWCviJEXI-00035-00022560-00023144": "so we have p equals 0.5 and we have p is greater than 0.5.", "brEWCviJEXI-00036-00023328-00023720": "So in our bell curve, this is a standard normal curve, we're dealing with z scores,", "brEWCviJEXI-00037-00023720-00024240": "so the mean is zero. Where is 1.6? Somewhere to the right of zero.", "brEWCviJEXI-00038-00024488-00024976": "So I want to find the area to the right of 1.60. This is a right-tailed test, so", "brEWCviJEXI-00039-00024976-00025736": "my rejection region should be the right tail. The right tail should be what I shade.  We want to know what is the p value?", "brEWCviJEXI-00040-00025976-00026856": "So your job is to go to Google sheets and go to the compute tab and then go to the normal region.", "brEWCviJEXI-00041-00027160-00027536": "For z, mu is zero, sigma is one,", "brEWCviJEXI-00042-00027792-00028456": "lower bound - where does the shading start -  1.60. Once again using the visual is very helpful. Where", "brEWCviJEXI-00043-00028456-00029288": "does the shading stop. Well, at infinity. So you just write six nines. So let's find that p-value.", "brEWCviJEXI-00044-00029439-00030416": "Let's find that p value: 0, 1, 1.6, and 6 9's. To find the p-value from scratch, from the test statistic,", "brEWCviJEXI-00045-00030416-00031016": "we go to the compute tab to the normal region. Make sure you have 0 and 1 typed in for mu and sigma.", "brEWCviJEXI-00046-00031016-00031672": "Our lower bound is going to be our test statistic, 1.60, and our upper bound is going to be six nines,", "brEWCviJEXI-00047-00031744-00032424": "and you have a p-value of .0548. Usually p values are rounded to four decimal places. Point zero five", "brEWCviJEXI-00048-00032560-00033184": "four eight. All right, so we get .0548.", "brEWCviJEXI-00049-00033624-00034272": "So, let's compare that to alpha. We'll assume alpha is .05. Is the p-value", "brEWCviJEXI-00050-00034488-00034656": "less than or greater than alpha?", "brEWCviJEXI-00051-00035088-00035792": "Well it's greater than. So since we're not less than alpha, we fail to reject the null hypothesis.", "brEWCviJEXI-00052-00036216-00036584": "We fail to reject h naught.", "brEWCviJEXI-00053-00036832-00037272": "Let's talk about critical value now. So one way to actually run your hypothesis test is", "brEWCviJEXI-00054-00037272-00037800": "to calculate the test statistic, find the p-value, compare it to alpha. That's the p-value approach,", "brEWCviJEXI-00055-00037800-00038200": "which is what we'll use most of this class, but there's also a critical value approach.", "brEWCviJEXI-00056-00038200-00038648": "A critical value is any value which separates the critical region from the values of the test", "brEWCviJEXI-00057-00038648-00039120": "statistic that do not lead to rejection of the null hypothesis. It depends on the level", "brEWCviJEXI-00058-00039120-00039672": "of significance, alpha. So critical value is basically that cutoff where you have", "brEWCviJEXI-00059-00039768-00040272": "test statistics that reject the null or fail to reject the null. And we'll still use the compute", "brEWCviJEXI-00060-00040272-00041000": "tab in Google sheets, and we'll actually use the area to the left portion of the normal region. So", "brEWCviJEXI-00061-00041000-00041456": "we're finding a data value, we're finding a value along the x-axis. We're finding a critical value.", "brEWCviJEXI-00062-00041552-00042056": "So we're using area to the left. So here's the decision criteria when you", "brEWCviJEXI-00063-00042056-00042600": "use the critical value method. If the test statistic falls within the critical region", "brEWCviJEXI-00064-00042688-00043232": "we reject the null hypothesis. If the test statistic does not fall within the critical region,", "brEWCviJEXI-00065-00043344-00043712": "or the rejection region as we call it, we fail to reject the null hypothesis.", "brEWCviJEXI-00066-00043992-00044192": "So let's find the critical values for the gender", "brEWCviJEXI-00067-00044192-00044488": "selection method and let's determine the conclusion.", "brEWCviJEXI-00068-00044488-00045192": "So let's look. Alpha is .05. We always use the level of significance of 0.05 if they don't give us one.", "brEWCviJEXI-00069-00045440-00046056": "So what type of test is this? Left-tailed, two-tailed, or right-tailed?", "brEWCviJEXI-00070-00046280-00046752": "Well, you can look at the fact that you have greater than for your alternative hypothesis,", "brEWCviJEXI-00071-00046752-00047176": "so this is a right-tailed test. You are looking for", "brEWCviJEXI-00072-00047400-00048320": "the value, the critical value - cv  - critical value that separates this rejection region that I've", "brEWCviJEXI-00073-00048320-00048920": "shaded from the rest of the bell curve. And the area of that rejection region is going to be alpha,", "brEWCviJEXI-00074-00048984-00049568": "always. The area of that shaded region when you do critical value method is always alpha, .05.", "brEWCviJEXI-00075-00049672-00049856": "So whenever you go to Google sheets,", "brEWCviJEXI-00076-00050200-00050856": "you're dealing with z-scores, so mu is zero, sigma is one, what is area to the left?", "brEWCviJEXI-00077-00051024-00051272": "Well if the area to the right is .05,", "brEWCviJEXI-00078-00051391-00051984": "area to the left is one minus that. Look at your picture. Use your picture.", "brEWCviJEXI-00079-00052136-00052752": "All right, so my critical value, let's use Google sheets. Area to the left is 0.95.", "brEWCviJEXI-00080-00052944-00053744": "0.95. Area to the left is 0.95. What is the critical value? 1.64. 1.64.", "brEWCviJEXI-00081-00053960-00054120": "So we get 1.64.", "brEWCviJEXI-00082-00054472-00054888": "So we have 1.64, but what was our test statistic?", "brEWCviJEXI-00083-00055552-00056128": "Well that was 1.6. Where does 1.6 lie? Does it lie within the shaded rejection region or does it", "brEWCviJEXI-00084-00056128-00057672": "lie just outside. Well, guess what? 1.6 is not in the critical region or the rejection region. That means", "brEWCviJEXI-00085-00058079-00058455": "we fail to reject the null hypothesis.", "brEWCviJEXI-00086-00058544-00059055": "So we fail to reject the null hypothesis because our test statistic is not in that", "brEWCviJEXI-00087-00059055-00059432": "critical region. It's very important you draw the picture and have this visual.", "brEWCviJEXI-00088-00059944-00060640": "So you have to write a formal conclusion for your hypothesis test and how you craft your conclusion", "brEWCviJEXI-00089-00060640-00061079": "is that it's always in terms of the claim. You always write your conclusion in terms of the claim.", "brEWCviJEXI-00090-00061136-00061600": "However, based on whether you reject or fail to reject h naught it's going to", "brEWCviJEXI-00091-00061600-00062232": "impact how your statement is written. And based on if your claim is the null or alternative also", "brEWCviJEXI-00092-00062296-00062912": "affects it. So first you determine did I reject the null hypothesis or did I fail to reject it?", "brEWCviJEXI-00093-00063008-00063632": "Well if you reject the null, the null hypothesis, and the original claim does not include equality,", "brEWCviJEXI-00094-00063808-00064216": "then you have a statement form of: \"There is sufficient evidence to support", "brEWCviJEXI-00095-00064216-00064816": "the claim that blah blah blah blah blah...\" If you rejected the null hypothesis and the original claim", "brEWCviJEXI-00096-00064912-00065367": "includes equality, so that means the original claim is the null,", "brEWCviJEXI-00097-00065584-00065944": "you say: \"There is sufficient evidence to warrant rejection of the claim that....", "brEWCviJEXI-00098-00065944-00066520": "blank.\" If you fail to reject the null hypothesis and the original claim does not include equality,", "brEWCviJEXI-00099-00066520-00066984": "remember that's the claim is h1, then you write your statement. If you fail to reject the null", "brEWCviJEXI-00100-00066984-00067464": "hypothesis and the original claim includes equality, meaning it's the null hypothesis,", "brEWCviJEXI-00101-00067464-00067880": "you write your statement. So you always write your statement in terms of the claim.", "brEWCviJEXI-00102-00068072-00068584": "To use this table, follow the format for the conclusion based on what your conditions are.", "brEWCviJEXI-00103-00068712-00069120": "So write a conclusion for the gender selection method that with the gender selection method,", "brEWCviJEXI-00104-00069120-00069696": "the proportion of girls is greater than 50%. Use both the p-value and the critical value method.", "brEWCviJEXI-00105-00069912-00070680": "So as a little recap here, when I do the p-value method, I received a p-value of 0.0548.", "brEWCviJEXI-00106-00071024-00071688": "I'll give this a little heading here. And then my alpha was .05.", "brEWCviJEXI-00107-00071960-00072472": "So we compared the two. We compared the p-value to alpha. We determined it was greater than.", "brEWCviJEXI-00108-00072784-00072984": "So that meant we failed to reject h naught.", "brEWCviJEXI-00109-00073792-00074384": "All right, and then there was the critical value method, a less commonly used method.", "brEWCviJEXI-00110-00074592-00075272": "And for that we said, okay, the test statistic that we calculated was actually going to be 1.6,", "brEWCviJEXI-00111-00075480-00075960": "and then our critical value is equal to 1.64.", "brEWCviJEXI-00112-00076392-00076528": "All right, so since,", "brEWCviJEXI-00113-00076752-00077496": "since the test statistic was less than the critical value, remember our picture,", "brEWCviJEXI-00114-00077600-00077928": "this makes it easier to see, we had a rejection region in the", "brEWCviJEXI-00115-00077928-00078232": "right tail, because this was a greater than test. It was a right-tailed test.", "brEWCviJEXI-00116-00078288-00079184": "We said 1.64 was the cut-off. Since 1.6 is not in that region, we fail to reject h naught.", "brEWCviJEXI-00117-00079840-00080432": "So that being said, because, remember our hypotheses.", "brEWCviJEXI-00118-00080776-00081352": "We had proportion was equal to 0.5; we had proportion was greater than 0.5,", "brEWCviJEXI-00119-00081352-00082128": "and remember our claim was the alternative. So we failed to reject h naught and our claim was the", "brEWCviJEXI-00120-00082128-00082728": "alternative hypothesis. It did not contain equality. So we use the following statement: \"There is not", "brEWCviJEXI-00121-00082728-00083232": "sufficient evidence to support the claim that,  with the gender selection method, the proportion of", "brEWCviJEXI-00122-00083232-00083952": "girls is greater than 50%.\" So because we could not fail to reject, sorry, because we could not reject", "brEWCviJEXI-00123-00083952-00084600": "the null hypothesis: we failed to reject it. We cannot say anything about the alternative there's", "brEWCviJEXI-00124-00084600-00085224": "no evidence to say anything about it. You can't fail....if you can't reject the null hypothesis if", "brEWCviJEXI-00125-00085224-00085696": "you can't scratch out the null hypothesis, there's no way you can say anything about the alternative", "brEWCviJEXI-00126-00086008-00086552": "in a hypothesis test. We assume the null hypothesis is always true unless evidence shows otherwise.", "brEWCviJEXI-00127-00086552-00087088": "So fail to reject says more correctly that the available evidence is not strong enough to reject", "brEWCviJEXI-00128-00087088-00087624": "the null hypothesis. We don't always, we don't just say the word accept. Although the two in common", "brEWCviJEXI-00129-00087624-00088368": "language fail to reject, accept may mean the same thing, in statistics it's proper to say fail to", "brEWCviJEXI-00130-00088368-00088976": "reject. Otherwise; you'll make the mathematicians or statisticians angry. You should always, in a formal", "brEWCviJEXI-00131-00088976-00089512": "setting, say fail to reject. Psychologically, though, if you want to think accept, that's fine with me.", "brEWCviJEXI-00132-00089600-00090152": "Just don't tell anyone. All right, when you perform a hypothesis test you also have the", "brEWCviJEXI-00133-00090152-00091032": "possibility of performing an error. There could be error in your results. Not a mathematical", "brEWCviJEXI-00134-00091032-00091520": "calculation error, but an actual error just because statistics is not always right. It's correct a", "brEWCviJEXI-00135-00091520-00092096": "certain number of times but not always. So if you were to fail to reject the null hypothesis", "brEWCviJEXI-00136-00092360-00093104": "and the alternative hypothesis is actually the true one, that's called a type two error. If", "brEWCviJEXI-00137-00093104-00093720": "you were to reject the null hypothesis and the null hypothesis is actually true, so it's like", "brEWCviJEXI-00138-00093720-00094256": "cleaning out the fridge and you had good food in there but you threw it away, that's a type 1 error.", "brEWCviJEXI-00139-00094512-00094968": "So in the context of this test, let's identify what would be a", "brEWCviJEXI-00140-00094968-00095752": "type 1 error and what would be a type 2 error. All right, so remember what type 1 is.", "brEWCviJEXI-00141-00096192-00096352": "So a type 1 error was", "brEWCviJEXI-00142-00096560-00097048": "if we were to reject h naught but it was actually true.", "brEWCviJEXI-00143-00097376-00097816": "So we were to strike out the null hypothesis but it was actually true. So we would say", "brEWCviJEXI-00144-00097904-00098184": "a type 1 error would be:", "brEWCviJEXI-00145-00098528-00098624": "we would conclude", "brEWCviJEXI-00146-00098864-00098944": "the proportion", "brEWCviJEXI-00147-00099384-00099728": "of girls is greater than 0.5,", "brEWCviJEXI-00148-00099960-00100272": "when it really isn't.", "brEWCviJEXI-00149-00100560-00101240": "When it is actually 0.5. And then there's the type 2 error.", "brEWCviJEXI-00150-00101528-00101736": "For a type 2 error, we would", "brEWCviJEXI-00151-00102016-00102656": "fail to reject h naught when indeed h1 is true.", "brEWCviJEXI-00152-00103000-00103208": "So in this case we would literally", "brEWCviJEXI-00153-00103320-00104424": "conclude the proportion of girls is equal to 0.5, meaning treatment has no effect", "brEWCviJEXI-00154-00104800-00105183": "when it really is greater than 0.5.", "brEWCviJEXI-00155-00105359-00106048": "So our type 2 error is looking at, hey, this treatment was not effective when it actually was.", "brEWCviJEXI-00156-00106144-00106504": "That's your type 2 error. And we don't really focus on error too much in this course. It's", "brEWCviJEXI-00157-00106504-00107135": "just important to know that hypothesis tests can have errors and you're like, well, how can I make", "brEWCviJEXI-00158-00107135-00107704": "sure there's not any error. Well, it also depends on your level of significance alpha that you pick.", "brEWCviJEXI-00159-00107704-00108264": "Your level of significance, alpha, can reduce one type of error but it can increase the other. So", "brEWCviJEXI-00160-00108264-00108808": "you got to kind of pick this happy medium when you run your test. But enough of that. Enough of error.", "brEWCviJEXI-00161-00108864-00109480": "Enough of the introduction to hypothesis testing. That's all I have for now, thanks for watching."}}]