diff --git "a/data/en003/text/00000022.json" "b/data/en003/text/00000022.json" new file mode 100644--- /dev/null +++ "b/data/en003/text/00000022.json" @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +[{"audio_id": "bD9WtGLWFfE", "text": {"bD9WtGLWFfE-00000-00000000-00000170": "My family and friends", "bD9WtGLWFfE-00001-00000170-00000350": "are always with me", "bD9WtGLWFfE-00002-00000350-00000525": "no matter where I may be", "bD9WtGLWFfE-00003-00000525-00000690": "Sharing stories from home", "bD9WtGLWFfE-00004-00000690-00000850": "helps me sustain my recovery", "bD9WtGLWFfE-00005-00000850-00001080": "from my mental and substance use disorder", "bD9WtGLWFfE-00006-00001080-00001216": "Hey, Dad! Hi, Sweetheart!", "bD9WtGLWFfE-00007-00001216-00001441": "Join the Voices for Recovery:", "bD9WtGLWFfE-00008-00001441-00001825": "Our Families, Our Stories, Our Recovery!", "bD9WtGLWFfE-00009-00001825-00002141": "For confidential information on mental and substance use disorders", "bD9WtGLWFfE-00010-00002141-00002480": "including prevention and treatment referral for you or someone you know,", "bD9WtGLWFfE-00011-00002480-00002718": "call 1-800-662-HELP", "bD9WtGLWFfE-00012-00002718-00003003": "Brought to you by the U.S. Department of Health & Human Services."}}, {"audio_id": "bDuaNTnPr3M", "text": {"bDuaNTnPr3M-00000-00000057-00000490": "Hi, I'm Matt Truscott. I am a personal trainer working with a variety of different clients", "bDuaNTnPr3M-00001-00000490-00000836": "My clients go from average Joe's all the way up to pros.", "bDuaNTnPr3M-00002-00000836-00001196": "I am also an international presenter for FitPro and ViPR.", "bDuaNTnPr3M-00003-00001196-00001575": "What we have done is put some exercises together for you to use with your ZIVA Equipment", "bDuaNTnPr3M-00004-00001575-00002039": "These exercises will be hosted on our website.", "bDuaNTnPr3M-00005-00002041-00002451": "Now what we have done is we look at the variety of different things that you can do with our", "bDuaNTnPr3M-00006-00002451-00003030": "ZIVA Equipment and we have created exercises that you can then use to either,", "bDuaNTnPr3M-00007-00003038-00003426": "challenge mobility challenge, challenge strength train or challenge balance", "bDuaNTnPr3M-00008-00003426-00003946": "remember that these exercises are put together from beginner to advanced", "bDuaNTnPr3M-00009-00003946-00004409": "so pick the exercises that best suit you and then work with those and you can", "bDuaNTnPr3M-00010-00004409-00004607": "progress further as time goes by", "bDuaNTnPr3M-00011-00004607-00004909": "always remember to consult with your doctor first as", "bDuaNTnPr3M-00012-00004909-00005321": "some of these exercises might be a bit questionable for you if you're first starting out", "bDuaNTnPr3M-00013-00005321-00005548": "please enjoy these exercises"}}, {"audio_id": "bDOmvQptOTg", "text": {"bDOmvQptOTg-00000-00000722-00001245": "Multiple Calls To Cops On Innocent 10-Yr-Old For What She Was Doing Outside Her House", "bDOmvQptOTg-00001-00001245-00001599": "One would not think that selling homemade cookies would be a source of controversy but", "bDOmvQptOTg-00002-00001599-00002051": "apparently enterprising 10-year-olds are just too much for some to handle in Cedar Falls,", "bDOmvQptOTg-00003-00002051-00002151": "Iowa.", "bDOmvQptOTg-00004-00002151-00002536": "Savannah Watters is a 10-year-old little girl with dreams of one day opening up a bakery", "bDOmvQptOTg-00005-00002536-00002975": "and was testing out her skills by baking cookies with her mother and selling them, along with", "bDOmvQptOTg-00006-00002975-00003243": "flavored water at the end of her street.", "bDOmvQptOTg-00007-00003243-00003560": "Savannah said of her budding cookie business – “It was going really well.”", "bDOmvQptOTg-00008-00003560-00004152": "It earned her up to $250.00 on one day.", "bDOmvQptOTg-00009-00004152-00004277": "080218tn-911-cookies", "bDOmvQptOTg-00010-00004277-00004729": "Savannah had been peddling sweets and flavored waters for approximately five weeks, working", "bDOmvQptOTg-00011-00004729-00004949": "hard each day for several hours.", "bDOmvQptOTg-00012-00004949-00005347": "Savannah states – “Every day for a couple hours I would bring my wagon and go down to", "bDOmvQptOTg-00013-00005347-00005514": "the end of the street and sell stuff.”", "bDOmvQptOTg-00014-00005514-00006067": "Kara Watters, Savannah’s mother, is a former baker herself and Savannah enlisted her help", "bDOmvQptOTg-00015-00006067-00006221": "to bake the cookies.", "bDOmvQptOTg-00016-00006221-00006604": "Savannah was doing so well she had started making order forms and even business cards", "bDOmvQptOTg-00017-00006604-00006817": "to give out to her customers.", "bDOmvQptOTg-00018-00006817-00007181": "Then neighbors began calling the local police with claims that Savannah was risking the", "bDOmvQptOTg-00019-00007181-00007509": "safety of the rest of the children in the neighborhood with the amount of traffic her", "bDOmvQptOTg-00020-00007509-00007690": "cookies were bringing in.", "bDOmvQptOTg-00021-00007690-00008047": "One neighbor claimed she was simply “concerned” over the risk to the safety of the children", "bDOmvQptOTg-00022-00008047-00008449": "in their neighborhood due to the amount of traffic her cookies brought to the area.", "bDOmvQptOTg-00023-00008449-00008840": "The Cedar Falls Police Department state they received a total of three different calls", "bDOmvQptOTg-00024-00008840-00009038": "within a five day period.", "bDOmvQptOTg-00025-00009038-00009455": "Savannah says business was going very well for a period of five weeks, that is until", "bDOmvQptOTg-00026-00009455-00009690": "her neighbors started calling the police.", "bDOmvQptOTg-00027-00009690-00010009": "Neither she nor her mother had any idea there was even an issue.", "bDOmvQptOTg-00028-00010009-00010408": "Rather than speak to her mother about the situation, the neighbors simply called police", "bDOmvQptOTg-00029-00010408-00010529": "to address it.", "bDOmvQptOTg-00030-00010529-00010906": "The police were called three times, on July 27, 30 and 31.", "bDOmvQptOTg-00031-00010906-00011553": "“Over a period of five days, received three phone calls,” Cedar Falls Police Chief Jeff", "bDOmvQptOTg-00032-00011553-00011675": "Olson said.", "bDOmvQptOTg-00033-00011675-00012089": "Another caller requested police officers do a welfare check on Savannah wanting to make", "bDOmvQptOTg-00034-00012089-00012408": "sure the 10-year-old cookie entrepreneur was adequately supervised.", "bDOmvQptOTg-00035-00012408-00012906": "“On the third call, she was set up close enough to the 45 miles per hour speed zone", "bDOmvQptOTg-00036-00012906-00013053": "street,” Olson said.", "bDOmvQptOTg-00037-00013053-00013478": "“That kind of concern, the officer asked her to maybe go further back from the curb", "bDOmvQptOTg-00038-00013478-00013765": "or maybe go into the driveway of her home.”", "bDOmvQptOTg-00039-00013765-00013977": "The Courier reports –", "bDOmvQptOTg-00040-00013977-00014406": "The first complaint noted Savannah was selling without an adult present, said Cedar Falls", "bDOmvQptOTg-00041-00014406-00014647": "Public Safety Director Jeff Olson.", "bDOmvQptOTg-00042-00014647-00014897": "The other reports concerned traffic.", "bDOmvQptOTg-00043-00014897-00015495": "The speed limit on Union Road is 45 mph, and the speed limit on Paddington Drive is 25", "bDOmvQptOTg-00044-00015495-00015595": "mph.", "bDOmvQptOTg-00045-00015595-00016030": "“We had her move a few feet back from the curve,” Olson said.", "bDOmvQptOTg-00046-00016030-00016398": "Neighbor Melissa Winberg said she called police because the traffic coming in and out of the", "bDOmvQptOTg-00047-00016398-00016591": "Paddington Drive was dangerous.", "bDOmvQptOTg-00048-00016591-00016975": "“We’ve had too many people coming in that we don’t know,” Winberg said.", "bDOmvQptOTg-00049-00016975-00017411": "“My daughter was in our driveway riding her bike, and a car pulled in and almost hit", "bDOmvQptOTg-00050-00017411-00017511": "her.”", "bDOmvQptOTg-00051-00017511-00017869": "Winberg parked her car along her driveway to prevent people from pulling in to turn", "bDOmvQptOTg-00052-00017869-00017969": "around.", "bDOmvQptOTg-00053-00017969-00018465": "“We had three semis, a dump truck and four cars parked along the road,” Winberg said.", "bDOmvQptOTg-00054-00018465-00018930": "“To be honest, if her mom wants to open a cookie shop, there are other ways of doing", "bDOmvQptOTg-00055-00018930-00019347": "it than making her 10-year-old daughter sit on the corner for seven hours a day.”", "bDOmvQptOTg-00056-00019347-00019820": "After the third call, Savannah decided to suspend her fledgling sales career, at least", "bDOmvQptOTg-00057-00019820-00019981": "at her corner location.", "bDOmvQptOTg-00058-00019981-00020430": "However, that simple change in location to the less visible spot a couple of blocks away", "bDOmvQptOTg-00059-00020430-00020870": "from the intersection in her driveway negatively impacted her business significantly, and her", "bDOmvQptOTg-00060-00020870-00021383": "feelings were hurt by the neighbors’ refusal to simply speak to her mother about the situation.", "bDOmvQptOTg-00061-00021383-00021776": "While Savannah may no longer be allowed to sell her sweets on the end of the street,", "bDOmvQptOTg-00062-00021776-00022136": "she is still allowed to continue her business from her driveway", "bDOmvQptOTg-00063-00022136-00022474": "Savannah states – “I wish that we could have known first, ‘cause we didn’t know", "bDOmvQptOTg-00064-00022474-00022590": "anything.", "bDOmvQptOTg-00065-00022590-00022901": "And it’s just hard to believe that they didn’t come talk to my mom first.”", "bDOmvQptOTg-00066-00022901-00023386": "Savannah’s mother Kara, who baked the cookies that her daughter sells states she is simply", "bDOmvQptOTg-00067-00023386-00023797": "overwhelmed by the whole controversy, along with all the attention it has attracted her", "bDOmvQptOTg-00068-00023797-00023954": "and her daughter.", "bDOmvQptOTg-00069-00023954-00024323": "Watters stated – ‘No one had talked to me about anything, they just took it upon", "bDOmvQptOTg-00070-00024323-00024559": "themselves and called 911.", "bDOmvQptOTg-00071-00024559-00024784": "The police show up to talk to my daughter.", "bDOmvQptOTg-00072-00024784-00024977": "I don’t want attention and I don’t.", "bDOmvQptOTg-00073-00024977-00025458": "I am not a bad person and I am a good mom, and I would never risk, you know, and I didn’t", "bDOmvQptOTg-00074-00025458-00025862": "know anything that anyone was bothered, and so I just wish they were to come to me instead", "bDOmvQptOTg-00075-00025862-00026133": "of making it all of us you know all of this.”", "bDOmvQptOTg-00076-00026133-00026522": "Savannah added – “I enjoyed it a lot, so then I wanted to have a cookie shop with", "bDOmvQptOTg-00077-00026522-00026782": "my mom ’cause it’s always been my dream to do that.", "bDOmvQptOTg-00078-00026782-00027075": "I just wish that I could’ve just kept staying there.”", "bDOmvQptOTg-00079-00027075-00027493": "Nice way to crush the dreams of an enterprising and hardworking little girl’s attempts to", "bDOmvQptOTg-00080-00027493-00027650": "creatively earn money.", "bDOmvQptOTg-00081-00027650-00027979": "Savannah planned to purchase new clothing for school with the money she earned from", "bDOmvQptOTg-00082-00027979-00028208": "selling her homemade cookies and water.", "bDOmvQptOTg-00083-00028208-00028652": "Now a bunch of busybodies can go back to complaining about how kids these days don’t understand", "bDOmvQptOTg-00084-00028652-00028822": "the value of hard work.", "bDOmvQptOTg-00085-00028822-00030025": "One need not wonder hard to figure out why."}}, {"audio_id": "bDTHaeFacNk", "text": {}}, {"audio_id": "bE90QJLaI9M", "text": {"bE90QJLaI9M-00000-00000038-00000238": "(upbeat music)", "bE90QJLaI9M-00001-00000913-00001371": "- Hi, Mr. G, here with another session of RAP Sessions,", "bE90QJLaI9M-00002-00001371-00001550": "Recycled Art Projects.", "bE90QJLaI9M-00003-00001550-00002050": "Today we are going to do what's called the skewed view,", "bE90QJLaI9M-00004-00002178-00002678": "and we're going to take an existing picture and change it.", "bE90QJLaI9M-00005-00002901-00003322": "So I have some images that I picked right here.", "bE90QJLaI9M-00006-00003322-00003717": "One of a gentleman sitting over a sink", "bE90QJLaI9M-00007-00003717-00004021": "and it just made me say, \"Hmm, what is that guy doing?", "bE90QJLaI9M-00008-00004021-00004301": "Why is he doing it and for what purpose?\"", "bE90QJLaI9M-00009-00004467-00004906": "I also found another image that was really appealing to me", "bE90QJLaI9M-00010-00004906-00005173": "and really quite colorful...", "bE90QJLaI9M-00011-00005173-00005524": "of portraits of what looks like to be", "bE90QJLaI9M-00012-00005524-00005686": "some indigenous people.", "bE90QJLaI9M-00013-00005785-00006137": "But I loved the color and the vibrance of this piece too.", "bE90QJLaI9M-00014-00006261-00006584": "And the third piece that I picked in gloss was just a", "bE90QJLaI9M-00015-00006584-00007084": "design piece with some nice tonalities and some flat colors.", "bE90QJLaI9M-00016-00007100-00007570": "Also, I picked a piece of one of my favorite artists,", "bE90QJLaI9M-00017-00007570-00008013": "Miss Aretha Franklin and this one is in a matte.", "bE90QJLaI9M-00018-00008013-00008243": "Now I want to talk to you guys about the difference", "bE90QJLaI9M-00019-00008243-00008550": "between gloss or something with a high sheen", "bE90QJLaI9M-00020-00008550-00008878": "that you might see in a magazine,", "bE90QJLaI9M-00021-00008878-00008961": "and", "bE90QJLaI9M-00022-00009247-00009333": "a matte finish,", "bE90QJLaI9M-00023-00009333-00009589": "or something that's duller that you might print off", "bE90QJLaI9M-00024-00009589-00009971": "your printer, or you might see in a newspaper,", "bE90QJLaI9M-00025-00009971-00010292": "or a publication like that.", "bE90QJLaI9M-00026-00010598-00010851": "Okay, these are the only materials that", "bE90QJLaI9M-00027-00010851-00010978": "you're going to need,", "bE90QJLaI9M-00028-00010978-00011140": "is your image,", "bE90QJLaI9M-00029-00011312-00011627": "and paint, markers,", "bE90QJLaI9M-00030-00011627-00011840": "colored pencils.", "bE90QJLaI9M-00031-00011840-00012236": "I'm gonna do some chalk and so we're gonna get started.", "bE90QJLaI9M-00032-00012236-00012623": "And I decided that I would start off with the matte image", "bE90QJLaI9M-00033-00012623-00012841": "because I haven't figured out what gloss image", "bE90QJLaI9M-00034-00012841-00013041": "I want to quite use yet.", "bE90QJLaI9M-00035-00013041-00013247": "But I am gonna start off with the matte image", "bE90QJLaI9M-00036-00013247-00013418": "and I have some chalk here.", "bE90QJLaI9M-00037-00013418-00013844": "So you might have chalk rock lying around your house,", "bE90QJLaI9M-00038-00013844-00013969": "you might have pastels.", "bE90QJLaI9M-00039-00013969-00014213": "Both of those would be deemed appropriate,", "bE90QJLaI9M-00040-00014213-00014605": "but I'm going to start my defacing or changing", "bE90QJLaI9M-00041-00014605-00014825": "of my image by using the pastels.", "bE90QJLaI9M-00042-00015180-00015619": "(pastel screeching on paper)", "bE90QJLaI9M-00043-00015619-00015887": "Now you'll see that I'm using some techniques", "bE90QJLaI9M-00044-00015887-00016097": "to mute out the color", "bE90QJLaI9M-00045-00016537-00016776": "so it's not so stark.", "bE90QJLaI9M-00046-00016776-00017010": "You can do this throughout your piece.", "bE90QJLaI9M-00047-00017010-00017349": "Now I'm adding places where I want that accent", "bE90QJLaI9M-00048-00017349-00017537": "to be that yellowish color", "bE90QJLaI9M-00049-00017752-00017997": "and then I'm blending it into my piece.", "bE90QJLaI9M-00050-00018116-00018382": "Now this can be done with paper towel", "bE90QJLaI9M-00051-00018382-00018664": "if you don't want to get anything on your fingers,", "bE90QJLaI9M-00052-00018664-00018870": "although I suggest using your fingers.", "bE90QJLaI9M-00053-00018870-00019247": "Your fingers have some natural oils that help", "bE90QJLaI9M-00054-00019247-00019519": "enhance a piece, and that will soak into the paper.", "bE90QJLaI9M-00055-00019519-00019854": "It works a little harder on gloss and we probably", "bE90QJLaI9M-00056-00019854-00020100": "wouldn't use chalk on gloss, but I'll show you", "bE90QJLaI9M-00057-00020100-00020343": "what we can use on gloss to make a picture pop.", "bE90QJLaI9M-00058-00020917-00021315": "And again, whatever colors you have available", "bE90QJLaI9M-00059-00021315-00021500": "feel free to use.", "bE90QJLaI9M-00060-00021500-00021759": "(chill music)", "bE90QJLaI9M-00061-00022872-00023087": "Remember that you're allowed to move your paper around.", "bE90QJLaI9M-00062-00023087-00023388": "It doesn't have to stay in the same spot.", "bE90QJLaI9M-00063-00023388-00023647": "(chill music)", "bE90QJLaI9M-00064-00023887-00024096": "And you'll notice how my...", "bE90QJLaI9M-00065-00024096-00024343": "the oils in my fingers are starting to blend", "bE90QJLaI9M-00066-00024343-00024468": "the pastels or the chalk.", "bE90QJLaI9M-00067-00024658-00024985": "Let's add some other color to it.", "bE90QJLaI9M-00068-00024985-00025321": "We're gonna add a little bit of white for highlights.", "bE90QJLaI9M-00069-00025321-00025579": "(chill music)", "bE90QJLaI9M-00070-00026075-00026467": "And I'm applying this color arbitrarily around.", "bE90QJLaI9M-00071-00026467-00026722": "You can have a sequence or if you have a way", "bE90QJLaI9M-00072-00026722-00026919": "that you think that you want it to look", "bE90QJLaI9M-00073-00026919-00027083": "you can apply it.", "bE90QJLaI9M-00074-00027083-00027531": "A lot of stuff with this type of art is trial and error.", "bE90QJLaI9M-00075-00027531-00027683": "So you're going to play around,", "bE90QJLaI9M-00076-00027683-00027814": "you're gonna have some fun.", "bE90QJLaI9M-00077-00027814-00028042": "You're gonna get what I would call muddy,", "bE90QJLaI9M-00078-00028042-00028322": "and I think that muddy is really cool.", "bE90QJLaI9M-00079-00028322-00028601": "You know, it's fun just to delve into something.", "bE90QJLaI9M-00080-00028601-00029067": "It doesn't always have to be this glowing masterpiece,", "bE90QJLaI9M-00081-00029067-00029411": "and sometimes if you develop the skills of using", "bE90QJLaI9M-00082-00029411-00029807": "certain materials, this is what this could be used for.", "bE90QJLaI9M-00083-00029807-00030048": "So have fun, I can't stress that enough.", "bE90QJLaI9M-00084-00030139-00030398": "(chill music)", "bE90QJLaI9M-00085-00031002-00031289": "And I'm just gonna add one more color", "bE90QJLaI9M-00086-00031289-00031632": "and give it a little bit more color coming through there", "bE90QJLaI9M-00087-00031632-00031936": "and maybe a little color to her face.", "bE90QJLaI9M-00088-00031936-00032203": "(chill music)", "bE90QJLaI9M-00089-00032602-00032809": "And then I might embellish with a colored pencil", "bE90QJLaI9M-00090-00032809-00033020": "a little bit too.", "bE90QJLaI9M-00091-00033020-00033287": "(chill music)", "bE90QJLaI9M-00092-00033598-00033834": "Voilà that's how far I've gotten so far.", "bE90QJLaI9M-00093-00033834-00034029": "I might add some more touches to it,", "bE90QJLaI9M-00094-00034029-00034185": "I might leave it like it is.", "bE90QJLaI9M-00095-00034185-00034481": "Now I think that I want to explore working on", "bE90QJLaI9M-00096-00034481-00034653": "a gloss piece with you guys.", "bE90QJLaI9M-00097-00034884-00035194": "So again, I'm gonna give you the choices", "bE90QJLaI9M-00098-00035194-00035387": "that I have to choose from.", "bE90QJLaI9M-00099-00035387-00035657": "The gentleman in the sink,", "bE90QJLaI9M-00100-00035956-00036308": "the vibrant color portraits of indigenous people,", "bE90QJLaI9M-00101-00036649-00036958": "and just the design shape.", "bE90QJLaI9M-00102-00036958-00037082": "And I think", "bE90QJLaI9M-00103-00037202-00037377": "that I'm going to work", "bE90QJLaI9M-00104-00037529-00037653": "with the gentleman.", "bE90QJLaI9M-00105-00037775-00038110": "So for this one, I'm going to use markers.", "bE90QJLaI9M-00106-00038110-00038405": "You're talking about gloss and I want you guys to take...", "bE90QJLaI9M-00107-00038405-00038725": "if you have any white space or if you have an extra sheet", "bE90QJLaI9M-00108-00038725-00039125": "of gloss paper, just play around with how the marker feels", "bE90QJLaI9M-00109-00039125-00039287": "and how it looks on that.", "bE90QJLaI9M-00110-00039287-00039670": "And look at how that has a sheen to it.", "bE90QJLaI9M-00111-00039670-00040082": "Where when we worked with a matte finish,", "bE90QJLaI9M-00112-00040082-00040280": "it comes up really flatter.", "bE90QJLaI9M-00113-00040280-00040545": "The colors are vibrant, but they come out flatter", "bE90QJLaI9M-00114-00040545-00040790": "and they're not popping as much as the other one.", "bE90QJLaI9M-00115-00040937-00041225": "All right, I'm gonna start to add some things to this", "bE90QJLaI9M-00116-00041225-00041433": "just to have some fun with it.", "bE90QJLaI9M-00117-00042175-00042664": "And I might decide that I want to use another color,", "bE90QJLaI9M-00118-00042664-00042877": "so I'm going to.", "bE90QJLaI9M-00119-00042877-00043179": "Again, there is no right or wrong.", "bE90QJLaI9M-00120-00043274-00043774": "See how the materials that you're using are working", "bE90QJLaI9M-00121-00043781-00044152": "on the surface that you're drawing on, experiment.", "bE90QJLaI9M-00122-00044152-00044381": "The only way that you become a better artist", "bE90QJLaI9M-00123-00044381-00044557": "is to go out and experiment.", "bE90QJLaI9M-00124-00044557-00044777": "So don't be afraid, it's actually quite fun.", "bE90QJLaI9M-00125-00045279-00045481": "And I also want to talk to you guys about using", "bE90QJLaI9M-00126-00045481-00045666": "maybe some techniques.", "bE90QJLaI9M-00127-00045666-00045856": "I've added some line work here on this,", "bE90QJLaI9M-00128-00045856-00046356": "and let's say that you wanted to do some line work.", "bE90QJLaI9M-00129-00046395-00046626": "Let's say that you like this.", "bE90QJLaI9M-00130-00046626-00046826": "You can look at weight of line.", "bE90QJLaI9M-00131-00046826-00047215": "Here's a thick line, here's a thinner line,", "bE90QJLaI9M-00132-00047215-00047452": "here's a line that's broken.", "bE90QJLaI9M-00133-00047452-00047737": "You can also look at things, which is called pointillism,", "bE90QJLaI9M-00134-00047737-00048188": "which is a series of dots to represent shading.", "bE90QJLaI9M-00135-00048691-00049074": "And then you can also look at maybe some design aspects,", "bE90QJLaI9M-00136-00049074-00049216": "adding a swirl,", "bE90QJLaI9M-00137-00049675-00049998": "whatever you might want to add to that", "bE90QJLaI9M-00138-00049998-00050165": "you're more than welcome.", "bE90QJLaI9M-00139-00050165-00050439": "I'm gonna do a little bit more embellishing.", "bE90QJLaI9M-00140-00050439-00050663": "And again don't rush yourself.", "bE90QJLaI9M-00141-00050921-00051264": "Enjoy the process of working with different materials", "bE90QJLaI9M-00142-00051378-00051629": "and changing an image to fit", "bE90QJLaI9M-00143-00051970-00052182": "your thought pattern.", "bE90QJLaI9M-00144-00052182-00052437": "And things don't always have to look like", "bE90QJLaI9M-00145-00052523-00052680": "they did in the original picture.", "bE90QJLaI9M-00146-00052680-00052958": "This does not look very much like the original picture", "bE90QJLaI9M-00147-00052958-00053094": "anymore and that's okay.", "bE90QJLaI9M-00148-00054066-00054477": "And you don't have to just use materials that you draw with,", "bE90QJLaI9M-00149-00054477-00054586": "with your hands.", "bE90QJLaI9M-00150-00054586-00054964": "If you wanted to use paint, you could use a sponge.", "bE90QJLaI9M-00151-00054964-00055233": "There's lots of different materials that you could use.", "bE90QJLaI9M-00152-00055233-00055676": "So please experiment, have fun and thank you", "bE90QJLaI9M-00153-00055676-00055796": "for your time today.", "bE90QJLaI9M-00154-00055796-00056233": "I hope that you enjoyed changing the view of an existing", "bE90QJLaI9M-00155-00056233-00056515": "picture by using different mediums.", "bE90QJLaI9M-00156-00056515-00056822": "Explore, have fun, and thanks again.", "bE90QJLaI9M-00157-00056822-00057097": "(upbeat music)"}}, {"audio_id": "bE_b7b2SKOA", "text": {"bE_b7b2SKOA-00000-00000008-00000608": "the weather is so pleasant today i thought why not take a walk while i talk to you instead of just", "bE_b7b2SKOA-00001-00000608-00001056": "sitting on my desk i need to go to the farm store because i need to grab a couple of things and i'm", "bE_b7b2SKOA-00002-00001056-00001560": "really excited to show it to you guys it's really cool all of their produce is homegrown before i", "bE_b7b2SKOA-00003-00001560-00002120": "get there i just wanted to talk to you briefly about everything that goes behind making a video", "bE_b7b2SKOA-00004-00002120-00002584": "for youtube it comes down to four steps for me just to kind of keep it simple the first one", "bE_b7b2SKOA-00005-00002584-00003192": "would be research and scripting obviously before you even create a video on youtube you want to", "bE_b7b2SKOA-00006-00003192-00003800": "make sure that you have an idea i do maintain a backlog of ideas every year i like to use the tool", "bE_b7b2SKOA-00007-00003800-00004344": "asana.com and in there i would write every idea that crosses my mind so that if i'm running out", "bE_b7b2SKOA-00008-00004344-00004920": "of ideas i can always go in there once you have an idea some ideas require more research than others", "bE_b7b2SKOA-00009-00004920-00005520": "so i would spend some time doing some research and once that's done i would start scripting and", "bE_b7b2SKOA-00010-00005520-00006000": "when i say scripting it's not really scripting all of the details of everything that needs to", "bE_b7b2SKOA-00011-00006000-00006520": "be said in a video but rather just the talking points i would want to know how i'm going to open", "bE_b7b2SKOA-00012-00006520-00007064": "the video i would want to know how i'm going to close it and the important points that i should", "bE_b7b2SKOA-00013-00007064-00007704": "tackle in between this way i have the video is kind of organized and i don't have to to drag", "bE_b7b2SKOA-00014-00007704-00008264": "the video for hours and hours i want to make sure that it's short and to the point coming up with", "bE_b7b2SKOA-00015-00008264-00008944": "an idea researching and scripting would all happen in one go so for example today once i go back home", "bE_b7b2SKOA-00016-00008944-00009472": "i'm gonna start scripting for a video that will be probably published in the next four days just", "bE_b7b2SKOA-00017-00009472-00009968": "because i have enough time the next few days but usually i would start scripting for a video that", "bE_b7b2SKOA-00018-00009968-00010576": "will be published a week or two weeks from now so that's step number one the second step would be", "bE_b7b2SKOA-00019-00010576-00011176": "filming so once i have a rough idea of what needs to be done i would start filming it's", "bE_b7b2SKOA-00020-00011176-00011808": "either a sit-down video where i am at home i have my camera on and i'm filming myself talk", "bE_b7b2SKOA-00021-00011808-00012352": "or it's videos outside when we are either hiking or traveling or videos like today when i'm just", "bE_b7b2SKOA-00022-00012352-00013191": "walking and i would get all of the filming done in one go sometimes if i have all of my scripts ready", "bE_b7b2SKOA-00023-00013191-00013704": "beforehand i could even film two up to three videos at a time depending on", "bE_b7b2SKOA-00024-00013760-00014440": "how heavy of a topic it is and that would be step number two once filming is wrapped up i would", "bE_b7b2SKOA-00025-00014440-00015032": "start post-production editing i'm trying to use all of the professional terms knowing that i'm not", "bE_b7b2SKOA-00026-00015032-00015640": "the best video maker anyways i'm just a person who puts videos together but we're learning so anyway", "bE_b7b2SKOA-00027-00015640-00016176": "so with editing that would be the third step where i would take all of the videos that were filmed", "bE_b7b2SKOA-00028-00016176-00016672": "whether like for example if i sit down videos i will grab those videos i will grab all of the", "bE_b7b2SKOA-00029-00016672-00017336": "b-rolls from previous trips hiking or traveling and then during the editing process i would also", "bE_b7b2SKOA-00030-00017336-00018048": "pick music for the video i would do adjustments to audio i will make adjustments to coloring", "bE_b7b2SKOA-00031-00018048-00018680": "sometimes i would even grab stock footage if it's necessary and usually the editing process it", "bE_b7b2SKOA-00032-00018680-00019208": "doesn't happen in one go i guess it just depends on how long and how complex of a video it is", "bE_b7b2SKOA-00033-00019360-00019952": "but like i said it just depends on how complex the video is and the editing style how long the video", "bE_b7b2SKOA-00034-00019952-00020696": "is do you want to have any particular storytelling but for me personally i try to keep it as simple", "bE_b7b2SKOA-00035-00020696-00021456": "as possible because just putting a video out there every week is difficult as is with a full-time job", "bE_b7b2SKOA-00036-00021456-00021936": "but i try to keep it as simple as possible but anyway so all of that editing process sometimes", "bE_b7b2SKOA-00037-00021936-00022432": "it takes days sometimes weeks the video that i put together about climbing mount clementiaro the", "bE_b7b2SKOA-00038-00022432-00023072": "mini documentary you guys can watch it up here it took me a long time like weeks to to put together", "bE_b7b2SKOA-00039-00023072-00023736": "but anyway so once the editing is wrapped up is when the fun begins i actually take it back it's", "bE_b7b2SKOA-00040-00023736-00024376": "not just after editing is when the fun begins all of these steps they can be fun in one way", "bE_b7b2SKOA-00041-00024376-00025048": "or the other but anyway so once this video is ready and well edited i would export a copy", "bE_b7b2SKOA-00042-00025048-00025704": "and i will leave it aside and once i'm ready to publish it not publish it upload it to youtube", "bE_b7b2SKOA-00043-00025704-00026416": "that's step number four and uploading to youtube is not as straightforward as it seems because", "bE_b7b2SKOA-00044-00026416-00026888": "you upload the video to youtube but there are other things that should happen you have to make", "bE_b7b2SKOA-00045-00026888-00027464": "sure that you have a well thought description you have to carefully pick your title you have", "bE_b7b2SKOA-00046-00027464-00028080": "to carefully pick your keywords you have to put together a thumbnail for your video you have to do", "bE_b7b2SKOA-00047-00028080-00028816": "all of the optimizations for seo to make sure that your video is optimized for search on youtube so", "bE_b7b2SKOA-00048-00028816-00029360": "there are a lot of tricky things that happen in in the back because you can't just put a video", "bE_b7b2SKOA-00049-00029360-00029856": "out there on youtube and expect it to do very well you have to make sure that people can find", "bE_b7b2SKOA-00050-00029856-00030432": "it and you want to make sure that it's optimized as much as possible and then i schedule the video", "bE_b7b2SKOA-00051-00030432-00031112": "to publish on youtube and that's when you guys get to see it watch it like it comment but to be", "bE_b7b2SKOA-00052-00031112-00031656": "honest there are a lot of times where all of these steps happen in one day or two days because many", "bE_b7b2SKOA-00053-00031656-00032288": "times i would fall behind when it comes to either scripting or filming and sticking to a schedule so", "bE_b7b2SKOA-00054-00032288-00032952": "all of them will happen either one day or two days which is a lot of work but we do make it happen", "bE_b7b2SKOA-00055-00033088-00033784": "with that being said let's go to the farm before they close for the day", "bE_b7b2SKOA-00056-00034712-00035256": "it's so funny how every time i come to the farm store there is literally no one", "bE_b7b2SKOA-00057-00035256-00035768": "in there especially because it's self-serve so you literally just grab whatever you need", "bE_b7b2SKOA-00058-00035832-00036176": "and then you scan pay on your own no one is there", "bE_b7b2SKOA-00059-00036176-00036608": "and you're good to go and today that i came in with an intention to film there are some", "bE_b7b2SKOA-00060-00036608-00037136": "workers trying to fix the fridge because it's not working there are a million people so i couldn't", "bE_b7b2SKOA-00061-00037136-00037760": "really film inside but i grabbed a couple of things and baby cucumbers as usual these are", "bE_b7b2SKOA-00062-00037760-00038216": "the sweetest the best cucumber that i've ever had in my life they are so good", "bE_b7b2SKOA-00063-00039072-00039664": "delicious i have tried this organic juice before from roots bloom juicery i don't know if they", "bE_b7b2SKOA-00064-00039664-00040144": "are local to arizona but it's really really good and it's all organic the only thing is that it's", "bE_b7b2SKOA-00065-00040144-00040720": "expensive and i feel like every time when it comes to organic food homegrown or locally grown it", "bE_b7b2SKOA-00066-00040720-00041472": "tends to be a little pricier which i don't really like but anyway i'm gonna get back to scripting", "bE_b7b2SKOA-00067-00041472-00041952": "and researching for a video that i intend to film tomorrow morning so tomorrow morning first thing", "bE_b7b2SKOA-00068-00041952-00042376": "in the morning as i wake up i'm gonna film a video so i need to make sure that all of the scripting", "bE_b7b2SKOA-00069-00042376-00042880": "and research is happening right now and it's ready to go for the morning i'll also make sure that my", "bE_b7b2SKOA-00070-00042880-00043280": "batteries are charged and the camera is set up so that once i get up in the morning i'm ready", "bE_b7b2SKOA-00071-00043280-00043776": "to roll but other than that i hope that you guys enjoyed this video and if you did let me know", "bE_b7b2SKOA-00072-00043776-00044208": "in the comments leave a like and subscribe to the channel if you're not already a subscriber", "bE_b7b2SKOA-00073-00044208-00044672": "and if you want me to make more videos of this style also let me know in the", "bE_b7b2SKOA-00074-00044672-00045032": "comments i had so much fun doing this and i would like to share more with you guys"}}, {"audio_id": "bEeHNdf0aXA", "text": {"bEeHNdf0aXA-00000-00000138-00000792": "hey guys I've wanted to make this video for a long time this video is about why I'm a Christian and", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00001-00000792-00001302": "no longer a Muslim I have a video on my Channel that I posted four years ago where I explained", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00002-00001302-00001704": "how I came to Christ but in this video that you're now watching I will answer the many", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00003-00001704-00002298": "people especially the Muslims who have asked me why I'm a Christian I've had many Muslims", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00004-00002298-00002970": "ask me why I chose to convert to Christianity but you see the words convert and Christianity", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00005-00002970-00003479": "have such different meanings and definitions to many people I personally don't like using", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00006-00003479-00004182": "the word convert or convert it for example I converted to Christianity because it gives the", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00007-00004182-00004764": "notion that I picked out Christianity which I'll elaborate on in a few seconds and even the word", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00008-00004764-00005358": "Christianity I feel as though some Muslims think of Christianity as this Western religion like as", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00009-00005358-00005964": "if it's a North American religion like as soon as they see a Caucasian American or a Caucasian", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00010-00005964-00006618": "Canadian they automatically label that person as Christian or assume oh he's a masekhi which means", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00011-00006618-00007272": "Christian and Arabic and if not that I've spoken to some Muslims who have thought that Christianity", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00012-00007272-00007998": "is equivalent to Catholicism one who's a Catholic so there are a lot of misunderstandings and these", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00013-00007998-00008550": "are just a couple of them but neither of these is what Christianity means or is a person is", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00014-00008550-00009060": "not a Christian based on their ethnicity or merely labeling themselves as Christian", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00015-00009144-00009918": "or repeating a shahada or some prayer a work of God has to be done God does a change in that", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00016-00009918-00010482": "individual's heart and transforms them inwardly for that person to know and understand God", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00017-00010614-00011286": "so I didn't one day wake up and decide that I want to leave Islam and call myself a Christian and", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00018-00011286-00011898": "convert to Christianity that's not what happened what happened was I was who I was a Muslim", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00019-00011970-00012630": "but God through his mercy and Grace intervened and from where I was and being who I was", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00020-00012690-00013332": "he gave me his Spirit he gave me eternal life and he gave me a new heart and then my life in", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00021-00013332-00013919": "my heart was changed I would like to Target this video towards the Muslims whether you're a Muslim", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00022-00013919-00014508": "by name or a practicing Muslim because I believe that they have not yet understood the gospel", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00023-00014508-00015180": "which means the good news so I'll simplify why I no longer follow Islam and why I follow Christ", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00024-00015258-00015588": "I'll address it all and I pray that you'll hear it with an open heart", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00025-00015672-00016344": "I've heard many people ignorantly say oh I've read both the Bible and the Quran and to me they are", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00026-00016344-00016860": "both fundamentally the same and then everyone else listening to that person would think to themselves", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00027-00016860-00017622": "oh yeah yeah that that must be true that is so far from the truth someone who could say that", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00028-00017622-00018234": "so loosely and with a straight face has no idea what's coming out of their mouth they've probably", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00029-00018234-00018954": "imagined reading the entire Bible and it's just that and Imagination you see the the Bible", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00030-00019104-00019890": "and the Quran or fundamentally the opposite and very outwardly comparable", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00031-00019992-00020454": "again they are fundamentally the opposite and very outwardly comparable", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00032-00020574-00021048": "so I mean anyone can make a false claim like that because of what they've heard from people", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00033-00021048-00021570": "who have heard that same claim from other people but until you've read both the Bible and the Quran", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00034-00021570-00022068": "for yourself without any biased view I wouldn't suggest repeating what someone else has said", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00035-00022068-00022608": "and people sadly to say they often tend to look at the outer appearance of things", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00036-00022608-00023028": "and never genuinely have the interest to look within and seek for the truth", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00037-00023112-00023832": "so let me start with this the only way that God ever forgave sin in the Bible", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00038-00023832-00024714": "was through a sacrifice I'll explain sin is a violation or a crime that is offensive to God", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00039-00024804-00025566": "it is something that we've all done that is evil and God's sight and not good it can be an evil", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00040-00025566-00026298": "thought it can be stealing something it can be a sexual act or intention that is against God's will", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00041-00026352-00027048": "it can be deceit or lying and the root of it all at at the end of the day it is ultimately Pride", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00042-00027138-00027750": "sin is not a subjective matter or opinion meaning what me or you think is wrong or sinful but rather", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00043-00027750-00028518": "what God righteously says is right or wrong according to his will and sacrifice means an", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00044-00028518-00029274": "offering in Arabic the word is parbani now we need to know that when we sin against God we", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00045-00029274-00030239": "need to know and understand that God is Holy God is a hundred percent holy not 99 not 99.9 God is", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00046-00030239-00030972": "100 holy we're not holy we're Sinners because we have all sinned and any sin regardless of its size", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00047-00030972-00031644": "is contrary to God it is shameful to God it might not be shameful to us because of the way the world", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00048-00031644-00032418": "is and how hard our conscience has become but God is good pure and holy he does not smile over sin", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00049-00032520-00033078": "the Bible says that the wages of sin is death sin will lead to death", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00050-00033222-00033822": "death came into this world through sin man sinned therefore man pays that penalty by dying", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00051-00033912-00034464": "let's say you commit a crime on Earth and you get caught depending on the crime you", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00052-00034464-00034938": "might get a fine you might get some probation you might get some jail time", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00053-00035028-00035484": "and in some states and countries that crime that you committed is punishable by Death", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00054-00035562-00036114": "so just like everything in life has a consequence death is the result of disobeying a good God", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00055-00036186-00036726": "because of her Disobedience we're separated from God not only physically by dying", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00056-00036786-00037398": "but Also spiritually our soul going to hell to hand them in the Arabic so sin not only brought", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00057-00037398-00037944": "physical death into this world it also Drew us away from God who wants us to live eternally", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00058-00038190-00038358": "um we read this in the Bible", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00059-00038700-00039480": "for from within out of the heart of men perceive evil thoughts adulteries fornications murders", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00060-00039480-00040566": "thefts covetousness wickedness deceit lewdness and evil eye blasphemy Pride foolishness all these", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00061-00040566-00041226": "evil things come from within and defile a man if you're sitting here listening to this and are", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00062-00041226-00041904": "asking yourself you know why does this apply to me or you know I'm not interested well just know that", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00063-00041904-00042732": "10 out of 10 people die and if you die today or tomorrow or next week or even 25 years from now", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00064-00042732-00043272": "in the sinful state that you're in you will go to hell as a consequence because of the sins you've", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00065-00043272-00043944": "committed this isn't a scare tactic or a method to a lure you in or somehow convince you this is", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00066-00043944-00044526": "reality so at the end of the day it doesn't matter if you have interest in what I have to say what", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00067-00044526-00045228": "matters is what the truth is so again the only way that God ever forgave sin in the Bible was through", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00068-00045228-00045756": "a sacrifice from the beginning of time if you go back to the Book of Genesis in the Torah the Torah", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00069-00045822-00046452": "we see God sacrificing an animal uh to atone for the sins of Adam and Eve right", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00070-00046452-00046956": "after they sinned and disobeyed God in The Book of Leviticus which is also in the Torah", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00071-00047022-00047448": "we read about all the different types of offerings and sacrifices that God had", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00072-00047448-00048018": "commanded his people to do for the Forgiveness of their sins there was no other way to be good", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00073-00048018-00048840": "with God look praying five times a day will not cleanse or Messe in the Arabic your sins away", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00074-00048906-00049404": "repetition can be Superstition you think that God will hear you for your many words", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00075-00049614-00050130": "um but you have not content the way he wants you to come to him through faith", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00076-00050130-00050982": "and with a repentant heart um going to Hajj or giving zakat or alms will not purify you", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00077-00051054-00051617": "what you need to understand is God doesn't change God is the same yesterday today and forever", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00078-00051690-00052200": "if his way of forgiving sin is by means of sacrifice and the shedding of blood", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00079-00052296-00052884": "we cannot change that and decide to come to God in a different way read the Bible for yourself and", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00080-00052884-00053850": "you'll see this theme reoccurring in the Torah in Leviticus chapter 17 verse 11 the Lord says", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00081-00054012-00054648": "for the life of the flesh is in the blood and I have given it to you upon the altar", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00082-00054648-00055217": "to make atonement for your souls for it is the blood that makes atonement for the soul", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00083-00055374-00056058": "atonement means to make amends or to make a wrong right God is saying that the shedding", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00084-00056058-00056567": "of blood is what cleanses us and makes us clean because life is in the blood", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00085-00056664-00057366": "if someone has sinned their life is due now we've all sinned therefore all of us are destined to die", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00086-00057444-00058205": "but God has made a way for us to live and instead has it has a substitute dye and replacement for", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00087-00058205-00058752": "us animal sacrifice was an important theme throughout the Old Testament for as the New", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00088-00058752-00059466": "Testament says without the shedding of blood there is no forgiveness in the Old Testament a goat or a", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00089-00059466-00060084": "bull or a lamb would be killed as a substitute for the sins of God's people and the animal's", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00090-00060084-00060750": "blood with spiritually and temporarily cover the sins of God's people there were many types", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00091-00060750-00061391": "of offerings and sacrifices in the Old Testament whether for intentional sin or unintentional sin", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00092-00061391-00062202": "or for moral failures or physical impurities like leprosy or another disease however all", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00093-00062202-00062802": "of these animal sacrifices in the Old Testament law never forgave or never removed should I say", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00094-00062867-00063534": "uh the sins that separated a person from the Lord they were done as a foreshadow or", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00095-00063641-00064332": "a picture of the final and perfect sacrifice the Messiah the Messiah the Bible says", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00096-00064500-00065105": "for the law this is referring to the law of Moses for the loss since it has only", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00097-00065105-00065592": "a shadow of good things to come and not the very form of things can never by the", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00098-00065592-00066168": "same sacrifices year by year which they offer continually make perfect those who draw near", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00099-00066228-00066810": "otherwise would they not have been seized to be offered because the worshipers having once been", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00100-00066810-00067386": "cleansed would no longer have had consciousness of sins but in those sacrifices there is a reminder", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00101-00067386-00067980": "of sins year by year for it is impossible for the blood of bulls and goats to take away sins", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00102-00068118-00068754": "it's impossible for the blood and sacrifice of an animal to take away sins because as I mentioned", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00103-00068754-00069348": "they were a temporary covering and they were done as a shadow or a picture of the final sacrifice", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00104-00069432-00070098": "only God himself can remove our sins permanently two thousand years ago the Messiah has prophesied", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00105-00070098-00070794": "many times in the Bible came to die as a sacrifice for the sin of the world this is why when John the", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00106-00070794-00071394": "Baptist saw Jesus he said Behold the Lamb of God who takes away the sin of the world", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00107-00071508-00072144": "John the Baptist baptized people with water but when he saw the Christ he said this is", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00108-00072144-00072780": "he who baptizes with the Holy Spirit and I have seen and testified that this is the son of God", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00109-00072894-00073518": "again we read many prophecies Divine predictions of the Christ that was to come to save people from", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00110-00073518-00074028": "their sins once and for all these are prophecies that were written hundreds of years before Jesus", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00111-00074028-00074724": "came and when the time came God sent us holy and perfect son to die on the cross for our sins and", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00112-00074724-00075360": "take our punishment upon himself so that we may live this is the love of God and the grace of God", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00113-00075426-00075924": "and then he rose again from the dead defeating sin so that all who put their trust in him", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00114-00075924-00076578": "would receive eternal life look if you're a Shia Muslim watching this and you believe in", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00115-00076578-00077328": "the debate as being the only holy and sinless people then ask yourself this was Imam Ali or", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00116-00077328-00077832": "his family prophesied or written about hundreds and thousands of years before they were born", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00117-00077892-00078570": "no was Imam Ali or Imam Hussein's death or martyrdom prophesied that they were going", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00118-00078570-00079398": "to die as our substitute so that Muslims would not face eternal hell no did Imam Ali Rise Again", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00119-00079398-00080004": "from the dead after he died to prove that sin had no power over him if he was indeed sinless", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00120-00080094-00080760": "the answer to all these questions is no the fact that Ali remained in his grave is proof that his", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00121-00080760-00081588": "sin kept him there until the day of judgment in Arabic I'm not intending to offend anyone but", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00122-00081588-00082104": "these are questions that need to be asked if your faith and religion is solid and concrete", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00123-00082104-00082566": "and if you're not allowed asking these kind of questions then I would wonder why that is", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00124-00082632-00083172": "and secondly you know that something or someone is truly from God if God has already written", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00125-00083172-00084024": "about something or someone uh prior to that prior to them coming or happening and if you're not a", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00126-00084024-00084732": "Shia Muslim and you're a Sunni or you're neither and you simply believe in the Quran alone then ask", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00127-00084732-00085392": "yourself what Allah has done for you as a Muslim for you to be guaranteed Jenna or heaven in Islam", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00128-00085392-00086022": "it's always inshallah I will go to heaven meaning if Allah Wills or God willing I will go to heaven", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00129-00086136-00086988": "if Allah or Muhammad or Iman Ali or Islam in general was merciful and was filled with the", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00130-00086988-00087498": "grace of God then you would know for a fact guaranteed that you would go to heaven your", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00131-00087498-00088182": "life would be changed today you would no longer swear or use foul language anymore you would not", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00132-00088182-00088968": "hate or mock those who are homosexuals but instead you would want them to repent Toba you will not", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00133-00088968-00089562": "speak about girls the way you do at work or with friends but instead would follow righteousness", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00134-00089676-00090288": "sadly all these things are not sinned to many of you and nor are you concerned with that lifestyle", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00135-00090384-00091068": "see God is holy men are common God is forgiving and he demonstrated his forgiveness when God", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00136-00091068-00091662": "himself came in our likeness in human form and lived a holy and perfect life", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00137-00091662-00092286": "on Earth without sin and willingly went to the cross and died of bloody death", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00138-00092496-00093234": "so that we may live eternally again without the shedding of blood and a sacrifice there", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00139-00093234-00093720": "is no forgiveness of sins he took the punishment that we deserved Christ was our", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00140-00093720-00094242": "perfect sacrifice for those who have never heard this before Jesus said I am the way", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00141-00094338-00094866": "the truth and the life no one comes to the father except through me", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00142-00094980-00095610": "and then after his death on the cross and burial Jesus resurrected from the grave and", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00143-00095610-00096246": "was seen by hundreds of eyewitnesses the gospel the good news is that he made him", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00144-00096246-00096918": "Christ who knew no sin to be sin for us so that we might become the righteousness of God in him", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00145-00097056-00097728": "God's standard is perfection he will not settle for less and this is because of his nature and", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00146-00097728-00098562": "who he is he will not lower his Holiness and wink or smile at sin all our righteous Deeds are like", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00147-00098562-00099150": "filthy rags because there is non-righteous no not one there is none who understands there is none", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00148-00099150-00099762": "who seeks after God there's they've all turned aside they have all together become unprofitable", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00149-00099762-00100590": "there is none who does good no not one we cannot go to God with our sinful self the Lord Jesus said", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00150-00100590-00101214": "we must be born again this is what it means to be a Christian born again means to be born from above", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00151-00101346-00102108": "not anything Earthly nothing religious nothing man-made but to be born of God when God gives you", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00152-00102108-00102798": "his holy spirit your heart changes and conforms into his image and you will want to follow him", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00153-00102966-00103494": "the the few things that I've spoken of in this video are a few of the reasons I follow Christ", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00154-00103583-00104159": "God is all-powerful and all merciful and he deals with sin and evil he is not a God that", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00155-00104159-00104826": "lets sin Slide by without any accountability or Justice God himself died in human form forcing", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00156-00104892-00105228": "if that's offensive to you because of the way you were raised just like the", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00157-00105228-00105666": "way I was raised then Jesus said blessed is he who is not offended because of me", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00158-00105785-00106548": "the world we live in is a world of Lies violence cancer and death but the vision that the disciple", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00159-00106548-00107261": "John saw of heaven was this now I saw a new Heaven and a new Earth for the first Heaven", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00160-00107261-00107868": "and the first Earth had passed away also there was no more sea then Ali John saw the holy city", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00161-00107868-00108461": "New Jerusalem coming down out of Heaven from God prepared as a bride adorned for her husband", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00162-00108546-00109122": "and I heard a loud voice from Heaven saying behold the Tabernacle of God is with men and", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00163-00109122-00109661": "he will dwell with them and they shall be with his people God himself will be with them and", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00164-00109661-00110196": "be their God and God will wipe away every tear from their eyes there shall be no more death", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00165-00110196-00110735": "nor sorrow nor crying there shall be no more pain for the former things have passed away", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00166-00110874-00111456": "the Lord gives eternal life freely God refers to everlasting life as the Water of Life", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00167-00111552-00112230": "whoever desires let him take the Water of Life freely when you genuinely seek for the truth you", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00168-00112230-00112920": "will find and if he asks for his grace he will give as long as you're alive there's the door", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00169-00112920-00113604": "that you can knock on and he will answer repent for the kingdom of God is at hand", "bEeHNdf0aXA-00170-00113844-00114126": "I want to thank you guys for watching and take care and God bless"}}, {"audio_id": "bEalRVq8e7g", "text": {"bEalRVq8e7g-00000-00041443-00042343": "The simplest way to correct it is to simply ask the map \\psi_p to be homeomorphic to its image which is required to be an open set in the upper half-space R^n_+.", "bEalRVq8e7g-00001-00050943-00051542": "Clarification: it is important that this quantification is over the maximal atlas."}}, {"audio_id": "bF4YwyJbsyQ", "text": {"bF4YwyJbsyQ-00000-00000010-00000063": "INTO THE FUTURE.", "bF4YwyJbsyQ-00001-00000063-00000070": "INTO THE FUTURE.", "bF4YwyJbsyQ-00002-00000070-00000136": "INTO THE FUTURE. >> A.J.: BEAVERS WILL BE BACK AT", "bF4YwyJbsyQ-00003-00000136-00000143": "INTO THE FUTURE. >> A.J.: BEAVERS WILL BE BACK AT", "bF4YwyJbsyQ-00004-00000143-00000210": "INTO THE FUTURE. >> A.J.: BEAVERS WILL BE BACK AT HOME THIS WEEKEND, HOSTING SIOUX", "bF4YwyJbsyQ-00005-00000210-00000216": ">> A.J.: BEAVERS WILL BE BACK AT HOME THIS WEEKEND, HOSTING SIOUX", "bF4YwyJbsyQ-00006-00000216-00000280": ">> A.J.: BEAVERS WILL BE BACK AT HOME THIS WEEKEND, HOSTING SIOUX FALLS ON FRIDAY AFTERNOON.", "bF4YwyJbsyQ-00007-00000280-00000286": "HOME THIS WEEKEND, HOSTING SIOUX FALLS ON FRIDAY AFTERNOON.", "bF4YwyJbsyQ-00008-00000286-00000430": "HOME THIS WEEKEND, HOSTING SIOUX FALLS ON FRIDAY AFTERNOON. >>> TODAY THE PRESEASON WCHA", "bF4YwyJbsyQ-00009-00000430-00000437": "FALLS ON FRIDAY AFTERNOON. >>> TODAY THE PRESEASON WCHA", "bF4YwyJbsyQ-00010-00000437-00000587": "FALLS ON FRIDAY AFTERNOON. >>> TODAY THE PRESEASON WCHA COACHES AND MEDIA POLLS WERE", "bF4YwyJbsyQ-00011-00000587-00000593": ">>> TODAY THE PRESEASON WCHA COACHES AND MEDIA POLLS WERE", "bF4YwyJbsyQ-00012-00000593-00000744": ">>> TODAY THE PRESEASON WCHA COACHES AND MEDIA POLLS WERE RELEASED, AND BEMIDJI STATE WAS", "bF4YwyJbsyQ-00013-00000744-00000750": "COACHES AND MEDIA POLLS WERE RELEASED, AND BEMIDJI STATE WAS", "bF4YwyJbsyQ-00014-00000750-00000900": "COACHES AND MEDIA POLLS WERE RELEASED, AND BEMIDJI STATE WAS PICKED TO FINISH FIFTH IN BOTH", "bF4YwyJbsyQ-00015-00000900-00000907": "RELEASED, AND BEMIDJI STATE WAS PICKED TO FINISH FIFTH IN BOTH", "bF4YwyJbsyQ-00016-00000907-00001061": "RELEASED, AND BEMIDJI STATE WAS PICKED TO FINISH FIFTH IN BOTH OF THEM, WITH MINNESOTA STATE", "bF4YwyJbsyQ-00017-00001061-00001067": "PICKED TO FINISH FIFTH IN BOTH OF THEM, WITH MINNESOTA STATE", "bF4YwyJbsyQ-00018-00001067-00001217": "PICKED TO FINISH FIFTH IN BOTH OF THEM, WITH MINNESOTA STATE ATOP BOTH AS WELL.", "bF4YwyJbsyQ-00019-00001217-00001224": "OF THEM, WITH MINNESOTA STATE ATOP BOTH AS WELL.", "bF4YwyJbsyQ-00020-00001224-00001641": "OF THEM, WITH MINNESOTA STATE ATOP BOTH AS WELL. FORWARD JAY DICKMAN, D-MAN", "bF4YwyJbsyQ-00021-00001641-00001648": "ATOP BOTH AS WELL. FORWARD JAY DICKMAN, D-MAN", "bF4YwyJbsyQ-00022-00001648-00001745": "ATOP BOTH AS WELL. FORWARD JAY DICKMAN, D-MAN JUSTIN BAUDRY, AND NEW TRANSFER", "bF4YwyJbsyQ-00023-00001745-00001751": "FORWARD JAY DICKMAN, D-MAN JUSTIN BAUDRY, AND NEW TRANSFER", "bF4YwyJbsyQ-00024-00001751-00001901": "FORWARD JAY DICKMAN, D-MAN JUSTIN BAUDRY, AND NEW TRANSFER GOALIE ZACH DRISCOLL RECEIVED", "bF4YwyJbsyQ-00025-00001901-00001908": "JUSTIN BAUDRY, AND NEW TRANSFER GOALIE ZACH DRISCOLL RECEIVED", "bF4YwyJbsyQ-00026-00001908-00002115": "JUSTIN BAUDRY, AND NEW TRANSFER GOALIE ZACH DRISCOLL RECEIVED VOTES FOR THE MEDIA'S ALL", "bF4YwyJbsyQ-00027-00002115-00002122": "GOALIE ZACH DRISCOLL RECEIVED VOTES FOR THE MEDIA'S ALL", "bF4YwyJbsyQ-00028-00002122-00002325": "GOALIE ZACH DRISCOLL RECEIVED VOTES FOR THE MEDIA'S ALL WCHA TEAMS.", "bF4YwyJbsyQ-00029-00002325-00002332": "VOTES FOR THE MEDIA'S ALL WCHA TEAMS.", "bF4YwyJbsyQ-00030-00002332-00002806": "VOTES FOR THE MEDIA'S ALL WCHA TEAMS. TOM SARATORE ALSO ANNOUNCED THE", "bF4YwyJbsyQ-00031-00002806-00002812": "WCHA TEAMS. TOM SARATORE ALSO ANNOUNCED THE", "bF4YwyJbsyQ-00032-00002812-00002856": "WCHA TEAMS. TOM SARATORE ALSO ANNOUNCED THE TEAM'S CAPTAINS.", "bF4YwyJbsyQ-00033-00002856-00002862": "TOM SARATORE ALSO ANNOUNCED THE TEAM'S CAPTAINS.", "bF4YwyJbsyQ-00034-00002862-00002916": "TOM SARATORE ALSO ANNOUNCED THE TEAM'S CAPTAINS. BAUDRY AND SENIOR FORWARD DILLON"}}, {"audio_id": "bF7XK-GDtvg", "text": {"bF7XK-GDtvg-00000-00000648-00002322": "Sadhguru: Today is Holi. This means recognizing that essentially life is a very exuberant process.", "bF7XK-GDtvg-00001-00002322-00003568": "But because of human ex… inexperience of how to deal with their cerebral capabilities,", "bF7XK-GDtvg-00002-00003568-00004498": "the most fundamental two faculties of memory and imagination - people remember everything", "bF7XK-GDtvg-00003-00004498-00005590": "that they should not and they forget everything that they should (Laughs).And they imagine all kinds of things", "bF7XK-GDtvg-00004-00005590-00006600": "that they should not and they cannot imagine something that will make their life beautiful.", "bF7XK-GDtvg-00005-00006600-00008050": "So, Holi if those of you who are not aware of this on this day, all over India, people throw colors at each other.", "bF7XK-GDtvg-00006-00008050-00009292": "They drench themselves in color (Laughs). This is a day, people are head to toe in all kinds of color to symbolize", "bF7XK-GDtvg-00007-00009292-00009962": "that the essence of life is exuberance. And the reason why it’s become so serious (Says in a serious tone)", "bF7XK-GDtvg-00008-00009962-00011012": "(Laughter) is because we remember things that we should not and we imagine things that we should not.", "bF7XK-GDtvg-00009-00011012-00012886": "So, Holi also means burning up all unnecessary things in our life. On this day, people bring out all old clothes", "bF7XK-GDtvg-00010-00012886-00013819": "and neighborhood children’s toys (Laughter) that’s enterprise (Laughs) all kinds of things that they don’t", "bF7XK-GDtvg-00011-00013819-00015469": "need, they pile it up on the street and burn it. This is not about burning old clothes, this is about burning", "bF7XK-GDtvg-00012-00015469-00016744": "the memories of the past one year, so that today you can be like a fresh life, exuberant, on. So this is that day, and", "bF7XK-GDtvg-00013-00016744-00018660": "all of you are looking at me very seriously (Laughter). This is a time in India, this is the late spring, when the", "bF7XK-GDtvg-00014-00018660-00019804": "second slew of blossoms should happen. But unfortunately, this year has been such a bad drought the", "bF7XK-GDtvg-00015-00019804-00020580": "mountains are looking brown for the first time in the last six to seven years. They were looking brown twenty-five", "bF7XK-GDtvg-00016-00020580-00021748": "years ago, and we planted up this hill. But in the last six, seven, eight years, it’s never looked brown, it’s always", "bF7XK-GDtvg-00017-00021748-00022628": "been green.This year, it’s turned brown because there has been no rain for almost five months now.", "bF7XK-GDtvg-00018-00022628-00023766": "But especially if the plants are not able to flower, the human being should assist. Hello (Few laugh)?", "bF7XK-GDtvg-00019-00023766-00024370": "Participants: Yes. Sadhguru: Plants are not able to flower due to lack of nourishment.", "bF7XK-GDtvg-00020-00024370-00025162": "You don’t look undernourished (Laughter). You must make it up.Because plants are not able to flower", "bF7XK-GDtvg-00021-00025162-00026033": "because of the drought, you must make it up with your smiles and your joy and your exuberance because when", "bF7XK-GDtvg-00022-00026033-00027722": "nature fails, man is supposed to stand up. Hello? Participants: Yes (Sadhguru laughs)!", "bF7XK-GDtvg-00023-00027722-00029022": "The problem with a whole lot of people is they are constantly giving themselves a lecture (Few laugh).", "bF7XK-GDtvg-00024-00029022-00030016": "Hmm? A lecture. Sitting in the sathsang, not always are they listening to me, they are running a parallel lecture", "bF7XK-GDtvg-00025-00030016-00031495": "program (Laughter), anytime of the day or night.It happened one night, Shankaran Pillai was walking home", "bF7XK-GDtvg-00026-00031495-00032856": "(Laughter). Hey, he was going home (Laughter)! 2:00 AM, two o’clock in the morning and he was not able", "bF7XK-GDtvg-00027-00032856-00033670": "to hold a straight line (Few laugh) because the damn planet is round, how to hold a straight line (Few laugh)?", "bF7XK-GDtvg-00028-00033670-00034750": "So he was little wobbling around a bit The policeman, who was on the night beat, stopped him", "bF7XK-GDtvg-00029-00034750-00035698": "and then said, “Hey, you are not steady on your feet, where do you think you’re going at this time of the day?", "bF7XK-GDtvg-00030-00035698-00036454": "” Shankaran Pillai said, “I’m going for a lecture” (Few laugh). The policeman asked, “Come on,", "bF7XK-GDtvg-00031-00036454-00037120": "two o’clock in the morning who is giving a lecture? ” Shankaran Pillai said, “You don’t know my wife", "bF7XK-GDtvg-00032-00037120-00038344": "(Laughter). It doesn’t matter what time I get back, I get a lecture” (Laughter).", "bF7XK-GDtvg-00033-00038344-00039192": "And many of you don’t have a wife or a husband but you are on a lecture tour all the time (Laughs).", "bF7XK-GDtvg-00034-00039192-00041044": "Self-help, this is called (Few laugh). Just to stop this preoccupation with your own rubbish endlessly", "bF7XK-GDtvg-00035-00041044-00042296": "- most people think it’s impossible - this is because they have not stopped identifying with their thought.", "bF7XK-GDtvg-00036-00042296-00043388": "They… Once you identify with it, you can’t stop it. There is no need to stop it, you just have to dis-identify with it", "bF7XK-GDtvg-00037-00043388-00044570": "because the content of your thought, filled in from outside, isn’t it? Hmm? The content of your thought", "bF7XK-GDtvg-00038-00044570-00045436": "is not yours borrowed. If you just see, “This is not mine”, that’s all you have to do, you don’t have to give it up.", "bF7XK-GDtvg-00039-00045436-00046150": "If you just see, “What’s happening in my head is not really mine”, then you will see it’ll buzz around for some", "bF7XK-GDtvg-00040-00046150-00047098": "time and pup. You identify with it so much, it is yours and you think it’s a smart thought though", "bF7XK-GDtvg-00041-00047098-00047852": "it’s stupid (Few laugh).Everybody thinks it’s stupid but you think it’s smart. Doesn’t matter it messes up your", "bF7XK-GDtvg-00042-00047852-00048654": "life but still you think it’s smart. It doesn’t let you sit down in one place, if not in ecstasy, at least peacefully,", "bF7XK-GDtvg-00043-00048654-00049980": "but you still think it’s smart. If you do not know even how to be at ease, that’s not smart, isn’t it? Hello?", "bF7XK-GDtvg-00044-00049980-00050414": "Participants: Yes. Sadhguru: You don’t even know how to be at ease, how can you call this smart?", "bF7XK-GDtvg-00045-00050414-00051629": "Nothing smart about it. It’s the dumbest way to exist. But because you’re so invested in it, you can’t drop it.", "bF7XK-GDtvg-00046-00051629-00052941": "Tch, today is Holi, time to burn up the old. And especially because spring is not manifest due to lack of rains,", "bF7XK-GDtvg-00047-00052941-00053441": "you must… I’m going to watch you for next three days (Few laugh) in the ashram premises.", "bF7XK-GDtvg-00048-00053441-00055116": "I want to see how (Gestures) (Laughter) you are. Different levels of aliveness, isn’t it? Yes? Different levels", "bF7XK-GDtvg-00049-00055116-00056762": "of aliveness (Laughs) (Applause). Springtime, Holi, we want you to sit with maximum aliveness. Hello?", "bF7XK-GDtvg-00050-00056762-00057808": "Participants: Yes (Laughter)! Sadhguru: I didn’t say it have to be noisy (Laughter), maximum aliveness.", "bF7XK-GDtvg-00051-00057808-00058629": "Flowers are missing this year, you have to make it up because that’s the only goddamn thing", "bF7XK-GDtvg-00052-00058629-00059522": "you have aliveness.Everything else is your rubbish in your head. Yes or no? Participants: Yes.", "bF7XK-GDtvg-00053-00059522-00060596": "Sadhguru: That is the only thing you have, rest is all your rubbish.That you must keep it full on, no?", "bF7XK-GDtvg-00054-00060596-00061874": "“No, no, I’m saving it, Sadhguru (Laughter), because I’ve already built a steel coffin, I’ll be there for a long time,", "bF7XK-GDtvg-00055-00061874-00063160": "I have to have something left.” This happened. This really happened (Few laugh).", "bF7XK-GDtvg-00056-00063160-00064129": "Again at 2:00 AM in the morning (Few laugh), the public prosecutor called the judge.", "bF7XK-GDtvg-00057-00064129-00064826": "The butler in the house said, “I can’t wake him up, it’s two o’clock in the morning.” He said, “No, this is very urgent,", "bF7XK-GDtvg-00058-00064826-00066198": "you have to.” Then he connected. This telephone rang in the bedroom and the judge picked up “Who is this?”", "bF7XK-GDtvg-00059-00066198-00067724": "“Mr. Justice, Justice Grover just passed away and I would like to take his place” (Laughter).", "bF7XK-GDtvg-00060-00067724-00070174": "So, the judge said, “Well, I got no objection if the undertaker doesn’t mind” (Laughter / Applause).", "bF7XK-GDtvg-00061-00070174-00071240": "You want to act like you’re already half in? Hello? Tch, no flowers in the garden, you should make it up.", "bF7XK-GDtvg-00062-00071240-00072352": "I’m going to watch you for next three days, how spring blossoms, okay? Participants: Yes (Laughter)."}}, {"audio_id": "bFYke5BzX-A", "text": {"bFYke5BzX-A-00000-00000149-00000621": "Today I'm gonna go over the process of negative feedback as it is used to", "bFYke5BzX-A-00001-00000863-00001544": "maintain homeostasis in various systems in the body, mostly the endocrine system.", "bFYke5BzX-A-00002-00001544-00002100": "So let's talk about negative feedback in general. First the concept of negative", "bFYke5BzX-A-00003-00002100-00002678": "feedback is that we want to keep things in a particular balance, so we have a", "bFYke5BzX-A-00004-00002678-00003395": "particular variable, and let's say that it is at this point in the body, and", "bFYke5BzX-A-00005-00003395-00004137": "something happens that causes it to go down a little bit. What I want to do, is I", "bFYke5BzX-A-00006-00004137-00004593": "want to be able to raise it back up, so negative feedback will bring that back up.", "bFYke5BzX-A-00007-00004593-00005246": "If it goes up a little bit, negative feedback will bring it back down again.", "bFYke5BzX-A-00008-00005246-00005694": "One of the easiest ways to think of this is temperature. You don't want to be too", "bFYke5BzX-A-00009-00005694-00006542": "warm or too cold, so if you are too warm your body will cool you down by using", "bFYke5BzX-A-00010-00006542-00007095": "sweat, and if you're too cold it will warm you up by moving your muscles", "bFYke5BzX-A-00011-00007095-00007856": "around with shivering. A specific process that is used to understand negative", "bFYke5BzX-A-00012-00007856-00008433": "feedback is a negative feedback loop, in which we put the different pieces", "bFYke5BzX-A-00013-00008433-00008892": "together to see how they work. The starting point of every negative", "bFYke5BzX-A-00014-00008892-00009420": "feedback loop is what we call a \"controlled variable\". That's the item that", "bFYke5BzX-A-00015-00009420-00010071": "we're actually trying to manage using negative feedback. To understand negative", "bFYke5BzX-A-00016-00010071-00010524": "feedback, the next thing that we have to do is we have to be able to tell where", "bFYke5BzX-A-00017-00010524-00011129": "that controlled variable is, so it needs to be sensed in some way, typically by", "bFYke5BzX-A-00018-00011129-00012050": "the nervous system, and we call the next step a sensor or a receptor of the", "bFYke5BzX-A-00019-00012050-00012693": "nervous system to tell us where we are. The next step after that, is that", "bFYke5BzX-A-00020-00012693-00013194": "something in the body needs to be able to tell what to do with that information.", "bFYke5BzX-A-00021-00013194-00013824": "So I can sense a variable, but how do I know what to do with it? That comes from", "bFYke5BzX-A-00022-00013824-00014619": "the control center. The control center in this case will tell the body what to do.", "bFYke5BzX-A-00023-00014619-00015156": "Many times, your control center is part of your brain, but not always.", "bFYke5BzX-A-00024-00015156-00015911": "There are some body functions that work even if the brain isn't exactly doing the job.", "bFYke5BzX-A-00025-00015911-00016473": "Finally we need to actually make something happen, and so the final step", "bFYke5BzX-A-00026-00016473-00017222": "in the negative feedback loop is to effect a change, and it is called the effector.", "bFYke5BzX-A-00027-00017222-00017496": "The effector is actually a", "bFYke5BzX-A-00028-00017496-00018180": "specific body part, function, or activity that will then cause a change to the", "bFYke5BzX-A-00029-00018180-00018687": "controlled variable, and hopefully bring it back to the way you want it. So let's", "bFYke5BzX-A-00030-00018687-00019329": "think about this in terms of temperature as a possible example. So if I'm going to", "bFYke5BzX-A-00031-00019329-00019691": "use temperature as an example, the controlled variable is temperature.", "bFYke5BzX-A-00032-00019772-00020256": "The first thing I need to know is where's the receptor for", "bFYke5BzX-A-00033-00020256-00020757": "temperature. Well the receptor for temperature typically is found in the", "bFYke5BzX-A-00034-00020757-00021453": "skin, and it is often called a thermoreceptor because it does indeed sense", "bFYke5BzX-A-00035-00021453-00022260": "temperature. So a thermoreceptor in skin would be the sensor that I'd be looking for.", "bFYke5BzX-A-00036-00022260-00022898": "Next, it sends that information to the control center. In the case of", "bFYke5BzX-A-00037-00022898-00023348": "temperature, the control center is in the brain, and it is typically in a part of", "bFYke5BzX-A-00038-00023348-00023793": "the brain called the hypothalamus. So that's kind of cool, that's the part of", "bFYke5BzX-A-00039-00023793-00024231": "your brain that knows whether it's hot or cold. And then we move to the effector.", "bFYke5BzX-A-00040-00024231-00024690": "Now in this case we actually have multiple effectors, because there's", "bFYke5BzX-A-00041-00024690-00025164": "different things that happen whether the temperature is low or high, so if", "bFYke5BzX-A-00042-00025164-00025929": "temperature is high, that means you are too warm, the effector is going to be to", "bFYke5BzX-A-00043-00025929-00026452": "activate your sweat glands, and release sweat onto the skin, and that", "bFYke5BzX-A-00044-00026452-00027299": "will cool you down. However, if the temperature is low, we're going to have a", "bFYke5BzX-A-00045-00027299-00027995": "slightly different system. So in the case of a low temperature, now we're going to", "bFYke5BzX-A-00046-00027995-00028901": "activate muscles. Some of those muscles are below the skin and they shiver, so", "bFYke5BzX-A-00047-00028901-00029777": "muscles to shiver, and then some of those muscles also create goosebumps and pull", "bFYke5BzX-A-00048-00029777-00030383": "the hairs up on your arms and other places. So I'll say it muscles to shiver", "bFYke5BzX-A-00049-00030383-00031339": "and make goosebumps. And that's the effector for if you are cold. Both of", "bFYke5BzX-A-00050-00031339-00031982": "those things will help to bring your temperature back to normal. Now we'll try", "bFYke5BzX-A-00051-00031982-00032405": "a slightly different example, in a different part of your body, but one that", "bFYke5BzX-A-00052-00032405-00033251": "is just as important. I'm going to give you an example of blood sugar. So in the", "bFYke5BzX-A-00053-00033251-00033809": "example of blood sugar, that's the variable we're trying to control, you", "bFYke5BzX-A-00054-00033809-00034355": "always want some amount of sugar in your blood, you need it for energy. Too low", "bFYke5BzX-A-00055-00034355-00034787": "makes your body very concerned, and too high is bad for you because anything", "bFYke5BzX-A-00056-00034787-00035273": "that's high is toxic. Now, this isn't about blood sugar dropping way out of range.", "bFYke5BzX-A-00057-00035273-00035756": "This is about dropping just a little bit out of range, and your body", "bFYke5BzX-A-00058-00035756-00036305": "making an adjustment before a problem occurs. Part of the problem with blood", "bFYke5BzX-A-00059-00036305-00036662": "sugar is that our negative feedback loops get out of whack, because we move", "bFYke5BzX-A-00060-00036662-00037106": "the variables too fast and the body can't respond. But here's what it's", "bFYke5BzX-A-00061-00037106-00037781": "supposed to do so that you never notice that your blood sugar changes.", "bFYke5BzX-A-00062-00037781-00038303": "The sensor or the receptor for blood sugar is found in your pancreas, and it's", "bFYke5BzX-A-00063-00038303-00039002": "actually a very interesting structure. It's called the Islets of Langerhans, you", "bFYke5BzX-A-00064-00039002-00039341": "can tell that was named after most likely the person who discovered them,", "bFYke5BzX-A-00065-00039341-00039852": "because it has a funny sounding name, and has a capital letter. These are", "bFYke5BzX-A-00066-00039852-00040631": "little areas of the pancreas that when there is high blood sugar will release a", "bFYke5BzX-A-00067-00040631-00041277": "substance to tell other areas of the pancreas to release other hormones and", "bFYke5BzX-A-00068-00041277-00041759": "chemicals that cause things to happen, so as you might have noted from that", "bFYke5BzX-A-00069-00041759-00042269": "description, in this case, all of this occurs in the pancreas, and the pancreas", "bFYke5BzX-A-00070-00042269-00042702": "actually acts as the control center. So your blood sugar is not controlled by", "bFYke5BzX-A-00071-00042702-00043209": "your brain directly, unless it gets way out of whack, your pancreas does most of", "bFYke5BzX-A-00072-00043209-00043766": "the work. Next up, within the pancreas would be the", "bFYke5BzX-A-00073-00043766-00044088": "high and low so let's start with high blood sugar because usually what that", "bFYke5BzX-A-00074-00044088-00044634": "means is you just ate. If you just ate, then what you want to do, is you want to", "bFYke5BzX-A-00075-00044634-00044958": "slightly lower your blood sugar by taking it out of the blood, and putting", "bFYke5BzX-A-00076-00044958-00045572": "it (the sugar) into your cells. You have these great little cells in your pancreas, they are", "bFYke5BzX-A-00077-00045572-00046311": "called beta cells and they release a substance called insulin. You might be", "bFYke5BzX-A-00078-00046311-00046713": "familiar with insulin. It is the substance that is needed to take blood", "bFYke5BzX-A-00079-00046713-00047244": "sugar out of your bloodstream, and put it into your cells. Once that's released, the", "bFYke5BzX-A-00080-00047244-00047600": "insulin goes into the body, it does its job, and the sugar levels come back to", "bFYke5BzX-A-00081-00047600-00048221": "normal, and you store that sugar to use for energy. Now what if you haven't eaten", "bFYke5BzX-A-00082-00048221-00048644": "in a while? if you haven't eaten in a while, your blood sugar might be a little", "bFYke5BzX-A-00083-00048644-00049374": "bit low. If it's a little bit low, you actually have alpha cells and they", "bFYke5BzX-A-00084-00049374-00049950": "release a chemical called glucagon. Glucagon is an interesting hormone,", "bFYke5BzX-A-00085-00049950-00050546": "because what it does, is it tells the liver to release a little bit of sugar.", "bFYke5BzX-A-00086-00050546-00050928": "The sugar is in your liver in the form of glycogen, which is just a big long string", "bFYke5BzX-A-00087-00050928-00051392": "of sugars. The glucagon says, \"hey liver! We need a little bit of sugar right now,\" and", "bFYke5BzX-A-00088-00051392-00051813": "it will release just a little bit, just enough to get you back to where you need.", "bFYke5BzX-A-00089-00051813-00052391": "And that's how basic negative feedback works. Your controlled variables, what", "bFYke5BzX-A-00090-00052391-00052916": "you're trying to control, your sensor or your receptor picks up the information,", "bFYke5BzX-A-00091-00052916-00053222": "it gets sent to the control center, which makes the", "bFYke5BzX-A-00092-00053222-00053720": "decisions about what will happen, and then the effectors are the parts of the", "bFYke5BzX-A-00093-00053720-00054236": "body that make a change. Every time you encounter a negative feedback situation,", "bFYke5BzX-A-00094-00054236-00054614": "you should always look at a negative feedback loop to determine what should", "bFYke5BzX-A-00095-00054614-00055220": "be happening, and if that item is being controlled properly. Now I do want to", "bFYke5BzX-A-00096-00055220-00055775": "shift gears for a moment here and talk about a completely different process, but", "bFYke5BzX-A-00097-00055775-00056177": "one that's kind of similar enough that it sometimes gets people confused.", "bFYke5BzX-A-00098-00056177-00056900": "That's positive feedback. So positive feedback is not the same as negative", "bFYke5BzX-A-00099-00056900-00057641": "feedback. In this case, instead of trying to balance something, we are using a", "bFYke5BzX-A-00100-00057641-00058484": "function of the body that is going to change, and keep changing, until an effect", "bFYke5BzX-A-00101-00058484-00059033": "happens, and then it's going to suddenly shift back. So typically the way you", "bFYke5BzX-A-00102-00059033-00059453": "would visualize this concept is that you have something at a certain level, and", "bFYke5BzX-A-00103-00059453-00060173": "then something causes it to increase, and increase, and increase, and increase until", "bFYke5BzX-A-00104-00060173-00060880": "eventually some kind of function or thing happens that causes that to go", "bFYke5BzX-A-00105-00060880-00061403": "back to its starting point. So you can see we are climbing a hill, and then", "bFYke5BzX-A-00106-00061403-00061847": "dropping off again, which is very different from negative feedback.", "bFYke5BzX-A-00107-00061847-00062276": "There's a number of functions in the body that cover positive feedback, one of", "bFYke5BzX-A-00108-00062276-00062948": "those is blood clotting. So blood clotting, for instance, occurs when you", "bFYke5BzX-A-00109-00062948-00063464": "have a blood vessel, and what happens is it accidentally gets a hole, because you", "bFYke5BzX-A-00110-00063464-00064039": "cut it in some way. So what do we need to do to fill that hole? Well we need", "bFYke5BzX-A-00111-00064039-00064591": "platelets, which are little proteins in the blood, and when the platelets see the", "bFYke5BzX-A-00112-00064591-00065120": "edge of the hole they'll grab hold of it, and in fact more of them will grab hold,", "bFYke5BzX-A-00113-00065120-00065576": "and more of them will grab hold, so long as they see that there is an open space", "bFYke5BzX-A-00114-00065576-00065954": "which is marked by certain kinds of chemicals that are released when cells", "bFYke5BzX-A-00115-00065954-00066348": "are damaged. They'll pick up, and pick up,", "bFYke5BzX-A-00116-00066348-00067001": "and eventually, there'll be a lot of them filling that hole. However, you do want", "bFYke5BzX-A-00117-00067001-00067376": "them to stop eventually, because if they kept filling the hole they would clot", "bFYke5BzX-A-00118-00067376-00067914": "the entire blood vessel, and then you'd have a problem! So, once all the damaged", "bFYke5BzX-A-00119-00067914-00068472": "cells are covered, and those chemicals are no longer present, the clotting stops", "bFYke5BzX-A-00120-00068472-00069006": "and the platelets keep moving in the bloodstream instead of filling up the", "bFYke5BzX-A-00121-00069006-00069597": "hole. Another good example of positive feedback is labor to push out a baby,", "bFYke5BzX-A-00122-00069597-00070139": "because as the baby pushes against the pelvis, the body forces the muscles of", "bFYke5BzX-A-00123-00070139-00070542": "the uterus to push, and the baby comes further out, which causes the muscles to", "bFYke5BzX-A-00124-00070542-00071088": "push harder, and so on, and so on, and soon the baby pops out! Now, there's no", "bFYke5BzX-A-00125-00071088-00071526": "pressure on the edge of the pelvis so the body no longer feels the need to", "bFYke5BzX-A-00126-00071526-00071983": "push and that's positive feedback."}}, {"audio_id": "bGjeg2k9ZX0", "text": {"bGjeg2k9ZX0-00000-00000000-00000528": "Alibaba Bluetooth dongle", "bGjeg2k9ZX0-00001-00000536-00000750": "Bluetooth dongle purchased for $1 (Delivery period for one month)", "bGjeg2k9ZX0-00002-00000762-00001024": "It looks like this", "bGjeg2k9ZX0-00003-00001068-00001160": "There is a reason to buy this.", "bGjeg2k9ZX0-00004-00001174-00001252": "This is because I wanted to listen to the sound of the PC with wireless earphones.", "bGjeg2k9ZX0-00005-00001272-00001428": "There was no money to buy an expensive wireless headset, and I wanted to listen wirelessly.", "bGjeg2k9ZX0-00006-00001478-00001574": "This is a video that I made in case there is someone like me.", "bGjeg2k9ZX0-00007-00001588-00001670": "Start!", "bGjeg2k9ZX0-00008-00001800-00001928": "1. Check icon after connecting Bluetooth dongle", "bGjeg2k9ZX0-00009-00001934-00002030": "2. Adding Bluetooth Devices", "bGjeg2k9ZX0-00010-00002158-00002300": "Confirm device is added", "bGjeg2k9ZX0-00011-00002448-00002570": "3. Add Bluetooth Devices", "bGjeg2k9ZX0-00012-00002576-00002654": "4. First click!", "bGjeg2k9ZX0-00013-00002786-00002940": "QCY-T1-R appears on the screen.", "bGjeg2k9ZX0-00014-00003170-00003354": "Disconnect the wireless earphones from the main body.", "bGjeg2k9ZX0-00015-00003574-00003674": "The LED lights up.", "bGjeg2k9ZX0-00016-00003929-00004029": "You can check the connection.", "bGjeg2k9ZX0-00017-00004474-00004576": "Click the lower right speaker icon.", "bGjeg2k9ZX0-00018-00004612-00004764": "QCY earphones connected.", "bGjeg2k9ZX0-00019-00004798-00004952": "Additionally, you can send and receive files by connecting with your phone.", "bGjeg2k9ZX0-00020-00005030-00005128": "1. Add Bluetooth Devices", "bGjeg2k9ZX0-00021-00005322-00005476": "2. Cell phone Bluetooth operation", "bGjeg2k9ZX0-00022-00005500-00005650": "If you wait, your PC and cell phone have fewer pin numbers.", "bGjeg2k9ZX0-00023-00005836-00005984": "Accept and allow", "bGjeg2k9ZX0-00024-00006404-00006616": "If you get a cell phone, you succeed!", "bGjeg2k9ZX0-00025-00006658-00006831": "Send File", "bGjeg2k9ZX0-00026-00006866-00007045": "Select a mobile phone", "bGjeg2k9ZX0-00027-00007090-00007220": "Browse", "bGjeg2k9ZX0-00028-00007272-00007454": "Select Files to Transfer", "bGjeg2k9ZX0-00029-00007534-00007676": "Acceptance", "bGjeg2k9ZX0-00030-00007880-00008023": "Success!", "bGjeg2k9ZX0-00031-00008073-00008238": "You can use this to receive it.", "bGjeg2k9ZX0-00032-00008286-00008390": "The end."}}, {"audio_id": "bGHpl4nyf-g", "text": {"bGHpl4nyf-g-00000-00000510-00000976": "Hello, my name is Gina Dennis, and I am the secretary of P.I.E.", "bGHpl4nyf-g-00001-00000976-00001632": "Today, I will be presenting you with information on electric die cutters so that we can decide", "bGHpl4nyf-g-00002-00001632-00002038": "as a group whether we want to invest in it for our organization.", "bGHpl4nyf-g-00003-00002954-00003240": "So just what is an electric die cutter?", "bGHpl4nyf-g-00004-00003241-00003934": "They are machines--Cricut is a popular brand--used to make crafting a variety of projects a lot", "bGHpl4nyf-g-00005-00003934-00004505": "easier by cutting the parts that you need to assemble them cleanly and precisely.", "bGHpl4nyf-g-00006-00004505-00005223": "Some advanced models can also score paper for 3D objects, such as boxes, and other papercraft,", "bGHpl4nyf-g-00007-00005223-00005790": "emboss designs and patterns, or even use a pen to write fonts on the material.", "bGHpl4nyf-g-00008-00005828-00006528": "Others can scan hand-drawn designs or pictures to cut directly onto your material of choice.", "bGHpl4nyf-g-00009-00006562-00007270": "Depending on the model, materials that can be cut include paper of all types, vinyl,", "bGHpl4nyf-g-00010-00007270-00007868": "fabric and sticker sheets, up to things as thick as some woods and metals.", "bGHpl4nyf-g-00011-00008344-00008852": "If you would like a visual demonstration of the features of an electric die cutter,", "bGHpl4nyf-g-00012-00008896-00009442": "please follow the instructions on this slide to watch a video featuring one.", "bGHpl4nyf-g-00013-00009442-00010029": "I couldn't link it here, but it is the first result if you type in \"What is a Cricut?\"", "bGHpl4nyf-g-00014-00010029-00010202": "on Youtube.", "bGHpl4nyf-g-00015-00010212-00010640": "The thumbnail should match what is pictured.", "bGHpl4nyf-g-00016-00011108-00011529": "Here are some of the pros I came up with.", "bGHpl4nyf-g-00017-00011529-00012031": "With one of these machines we would enhance our fundraising options, as one would greatly", "bGHpl4nyf-g-00018-00012031-00012550": "increase the kinds of things we could make and sell on our own.", "bGHpl4nyf-g-00019-00012550-00013112": "These might include things like greeting cards, felt toys, holiday items including Christmas", "bGHpl4nyf-g-00020-00013112-00014031": "stockings or ornaments, wooden signs, glassware and window decals, headbands, hair decorations,", "bGHpl4nyf-g-00021-00014031-00014308": "keyrings and coasters.", "bGHpl4nyf-g-00022-00014308-00014869": "We would also be able to greatly increase the number of promotional items we could offer.", "bGHpl4nyf-g-00023-00014886-00015478": "Things like magnets in a variety of shapes and designs, stickers, vinyl clings, iron", "bGHpl4nyf-g-00024-00015479-00016126": "on transfers for t-shirts, adhesive decals to put on things like cups and notebooks that", "bGHpl4nyf-g-00025-00016126-00016382": "we could then sell.", "bGHpl4nyf-g-00026-00016382-00016906": "Depending on what kind of machine we purchased, we'd have so many options that we'd really", "bGHpl4nyf-g-00027-00016906-00017358": "open the flood gates on the kinds of creative projects we could do.", "bGHpl4nyf-g-00028-00017358-00017740": "Anything from making banners for school events to award ribbons.", "bGHpl4nyf-g-00029-00017740-00018346": "We'd only be limited by our imaginations and skill.", "bGHpl4nyf-g-00030-00018624-00019074": "What kind of issues might there be if we get one of these?", "bGHpl4nyf-g-00031-00019074-00019634": "They can be a bit complicated if you don't have any experience with them, so we'd likely", "bGHpl4nyf-g-00032-00019634-00020454": "need to take some classes or watch and read some tutorials before starting our first project.", "bGHpl4nyf-g-00033-00020454-00020901": "The price is bit steep depending on how much we want to be able to accomplish with our", "bGHpl4nyf-g-00034-00020901-00021601": "machine, with most midrange models easily hitting $200, and the best models being just", "bGHpl4nyf-g-00035-00021601-00021903": "shy of $400.", "bGHpl4nyf-g-00036-00021903-00022440": "Since this is going to be a bit of an investment, and these machines are highly portable, we're", "bGHpl4nyf-g-00037-00022440-00022817": "going to need a secure place to put it.", "bGHpl4nyf-g-00038-00022817-00023420": "Die cutters mainly do one thing well, and that's cut, so we'd still need to print if", "bGHpl4nyf-g-00039-00023420-00024032": "we wanted more than one color, unless we wanted to layer the materials.", "bGHpl4nyf-g-00040-00024506-00025098": "If we decide this is something we want to invest in, we're going to need to decide exactly", "bGHpl4nyf-g-00041-00025098-00025504": "what we want our machine to be capable of.", "bGHpl4nyf-g-00042-00025504-00025939": "All of these factors will of course affect the price.", "bGHpl4nyf-g-00043-00025939-00026512": "The better and more capable it is, the higher the price.", "bGHpl4nyf-g-00044-00027520-00028077": "This is just a brief overview of pricing ranges to give you an idea of what we'd be looking", "bGHpl4nyf-g-00045-00028077-00028732": "at depending on our decisions from the previous slide.", "bGHpl4nyf-g-00046-00030320-00030494": "These are my conclusions", "bGHpl4nyf-g-00047-00030498-00030772": "based on my research of these machines.", "bGHpl4nyf-g-00048-00030882-00031592": "In the previous slides I presented you with the facts, here I am giving you a bit of opinion.", "bGHpl4nyf-g-00049-00031688-00032216": "I think that these machines are wonderful tools that would open up a lot of options", "bGHpl4nyf-g-00050-00032216-00032758": "for our organization to pursue a variety of projects and improve the quality of promotional", "bGHpl4nyf-g-00051-00032758-00033021": "and fundraiser items.", "bGHpl4nyf-g-00052-00033021-00033546": "But a recurring theme in reviews was that they can be complicated for the novice user,", "bGHpl4nyf-g-00053-00033546-00033952": "and that support from the manufacturer isn’t the best if you can’t figure out why your", "bGHpl4nyf-g-00054-00033952-00034178": "project is going wrong.", "bGHpl4nyf-g-00055-00034226-00034631": "This could be problematic because we would need someone in the organization that could", "bGHpl4nyf-g-00056-00034632-00035000": "use the machine well each year.", "bGHpl4nyf-g-00057-00035018-00035486": "Because the cost of materials and upkeep from blades wearing out and cutting mats needing", "bGHpl4nyf-g-00058-00035486-00035977": "to be replaced would add up over time, we would need to exercise caution in the use", "bGHpl4nyf-g-00059-00035977-00036194": "of our machine.", "bGHpl4nyf-g-00060-00036218-00036763": "It would definitely be necessary to plan out each project carefully so as not to waste", "bGHpl4nyf-g-00061-00036764-00037178": "materials or cause undo wear.", "bGHpl4nyf-g-00062-00037278-00037824": "Well, that’s all I have about electric die cut machines for you today.", "bGHpl4nyf-g-00063-00037824-00038593": "If you have any questions or concerns, please feel free to e-mail us at treadwellparentorganization@gmail.com"}}, {"audio_id": "bGa2X3cb5zI", "text": {"bGa2X3cb5zI-00000-00000000-00000200": "Minecraft Dungeons | GTX 1060 3GB", "bGa2X3cb5zI-00001-00000200-00000400": "Minecraft Dungeons | GTX 1060 3GB", "bGa2X3cb5zI-00002-00000400-00000600": "Minecraft Dungeons | GTX 1060 3GB", "bGa2X3cb5zI-00003-00000600-00000800": "Minecraft Dungeons | GTX 1060 3GB", "bGa2X3cb5zI-00010-00002000-00002200": "Minecraft Dungeons | GTX 1060 3GB", "bGa2X3cb5zI-00016-00003200-00003400": "Minecraft Dungeons | GTX 1060 3GB", "bGa2X3cb5zI-00022-00004400-00004600": "Minecraft Dungeons | GTX 1060 3GB", "bGa2X3cb5zI-00030-00006000-00006200": "Minecraft Dungeons | GTX 1060 3GB", "bGa2X3cb5zI-00039-00007800-00008000": "Minecraft Dungeons | GTX 1060 3GB", "bGa2X3cb5zI-00047-00009400-00009600": "Minecraft Dungeons | GTX 1060 3GB"}}, {"audio_id": "bH0m7DReuLg", "text": {"bH0m7DReuLg-00000-00000043-00000527": "Hello. Professor Kari Vara here. Today I'm going to talk about source", "bH0m7DReuLg-00001-00000527-00001116": "sandwiches. I'd like you to draw your favorite sandwich while I draw this", "bH0m7DReuLg-00002-00001116-00002226": "burger here, and the only things you need to have are some bread on the top, some kind", "bH0m7DReuLg-00003-00002226-00003136": "of filling in the middle, and bread on the bottom. So what we're doing here is", "bH0m7DReuLg-00004-00003136-00003814": "representing how you would integrate a source into your essay. The top bun is is a", "bH0m7DReuLg-00005-00003814-00005661": "signal phrase. The filling of the sandwich is your source material, and remember you can use sources as", "bH0m7DReuLg-00006-00005661-00006629": "quotes, you can paraphrase your sources, or you can summarize the sources. Every time", "bH0m7DReuLg-00007-00006629-00007342": "you use an idea, a detail, or a quote from a source you need to build the sandwich", "bH0m7DReuLg-00008-00007342-00007972": "that has the signal phrase, the source, and then finally the bottom bun, the", "bH0m7DReuLg-00009-00007972-00009029": "in-text citation. All three of those elements need to be used together. Most", "bH0m7DReuLg-00010-00009029-00009652": "people do this for a quote, but you need to also do this every time that you're", "bH0m7DReuLg-00011-00009652-00010561": "using even an idea or a detail from a source. So what does this look like?", "bH0m7DReuLg-00012-00010561-00011325": "I have an example here from Ursula Se Guin's book Tehanu. First I'm going to write", "bH0m7DReuLg-00013-00011325-00012132": "a signal phrase. This is a very simple one. I'm just going to say Le Guin", "bH0m7DReuLg-00014-00012132-00012859": "writes, and because I'm using a quote, I'll put a comma here. And now I'm going to", "bH0m7DReuLg-00015-00012859-00013106": "include the quote, \"The fields", "bH0m7DReuLg-00016-00013106-00015301": "were grey with dew. Then at the end I'm going to put an in-text citation in", "bH0m7DReuLg-00017-00015301-00016326": "parentheses. I need to include the page number, and the period will go after the", "bH0m7DReuLg-00018-00016326-00017125": "citation. So here's an example of a source which it has a signal phrase, a", "bH0m7DReuLg-00019-00017125-00017865": "quote in this case. and an in-text citation. I'll give you one more example", "bH0m7DReuLg-00020-00017865-00019075": "using a paraphrase. So I will still need to use an in-text citation as well", "bH0m7DReuLg-00021-00019075-00019647": "as beginning with a signal phrase even though I'm going to reword this. I'll", "bH0m7DReuLg-00022-00019647-00020751": "start with a signal phrase--Le Guin describes the field damp with dew", "bH0m7DReuLg-00023-00021372-00021828": "and then again the", "bH0m7DReuLg-00024-00021919-00022980": "page number for the in-text citation, and the period at the end. So I still have a", "bH0m7DReuLg-00025-00022980-00023493": "single phrase; now have a paraphrase, and I have an in-text citation. My three", "bH0m7DReuLg-00026-00023493-00024191": "layers. Every time you use the source in your essay, make sure that you have a", "bH0m7DReuLg-00027-00024191-00024360": "complete source sandwich."}}, {"audio_id": "bH7NFW6WYaM", "text": {"bH7NFW6WYaM-00000-00000000-00000588": "You are listening to Make Change Happen, the podcast from IIED. In this episode", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00001-00000588-00001200": "guest presenter and IIED principal researcher Anna Walnycki explores how climate action,", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00002-00001200-00001854": "in particular mitigation, can work for the poorest living in cities in the global South. Anna is", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00003-00001854-00002454": "joined by expert partners from Argentina and India and we’ll also hear a playful dialogue between", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00004-00002454-00003048": "IIED urban research colleagues about the current arguments around mitigation in urban development.", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00005-00003048-00003618": "Welcome to our podcast, Make Change Happen. My name is Anna Walnycki and", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00006-00003618-00004134": "I’m the principal researcher here at IIED. I’m taking over from our regular host, James Persad,", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00007-00004134-00004542": "for a specific episode that’s going to explore how climate action – in particular", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00008-00004542-00004908": "mitigation – can work for the poorest living in cities in the global South.", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00009-00004908-00005460": "So IIED continues to support partners who live in communities on the frontline of climate change,", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00010-00005460-00005958": "who are playing a vital role in promoting equitable adaptation at the local level.", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00011-00006060-00006552": "And we believe that more climate adaptation finance and resources should be put into the", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00012-00006552-00007008": "hands of local communities, local governments, social movements, federations of the urban", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00013-00007008-00007428": "poor. Those that are living in slums in informal settlements, so that they can", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00014-00007428-00007986": "adapt to the impact of climate change such as flooding, extreme weather events, droughts.", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00015-00007986-00008520": "Our research has demonstrated that this leads to outcomes that best respond to local needs.", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00016-00008574-00009084": "However, a sizeable proportion of climate finance is focused on decarbonisation and mitigation.", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00017-00009162-00009636": "Today, we want to explore the scope that climate mitigation actions have to respond", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00018-00009636-00010056": "to pervasive poverty, and also contribute towards more just and equitable cities.", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00019-00010158-00010494": "So in this episode, with my fellow IIED urban research", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00020-00010494-00011088": "colleagues Tucker Landesman and Aditya Bahadur, we want to unpick the myth that the urban poor", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00021-00011088-00011574": "have no role to play in debate or resource allocations related to mitigation in cities,", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00022-00011574-00012168": "and the planning processes that are focused decarbonising cities or achieving net zero.", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00023-00012168-00012618": "The urban poor have very low carbon footprints and should not be burdened with the personal", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00024-00012618-00013206": "responsibility of decreasing their carbon footprints. However, we cannot and must", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00025-00013206-00013716": "not exclude them from mitigation debates or generation defining decision making.", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00026-00013812-00014262": "Then, we’re going to move on to hear from some knowledgeable guests, some long-term partners", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00027-00014262-00014640": "that we’re working with, on the realities of mitigation in informal settlements.", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00028-00014712-00015060": "But first over to Tucker and Aditya, who’ll give us a recap", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00029-00015060-00015426": "of the current debate around linking mitigation and urban development.", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00030-00015426-00015771": "Hi Aditya.", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00031-00015771-00016116": "Hi Tucker.", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00032-00016116-00016980": "OK, I want to run something by you. I know a big focus of your work is on climate adaptation and", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00033-00016980-00017730": "localising climate resilience while most of my work focuses on kind of mitigating greenhouse gas", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00034-00017730-00018504": "emissions and low emission development. And I know that for years, IIED and others have advocated", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00035-00018504-00019134": "that a just approach to climate change requires billions more invested in climate adaptation.", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00036-00019212-00019590": "I know this money should target the most vulnerable geographies and with", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00037-00019590-00019920": "meaningful participation of impoverished communities.", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00038-00019920-00020610": "But don’t you also think it’s time that these geographies are targets for large-scale mitigation", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00039-00020610-00021372": "programmes? According to the UN, urban areas consume about two thirds of global energy and", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00040-00021372-00022074": "are the sites of more than 70% of carbon emissions. On top of this, 90% of urban", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00041-00022074-00022578": "growth in the coming decades will be in Asia and Africa. Don’t you think a major focus of climate", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00042-00022578-00023112": "justice should be investing in technologies and practices so that cities in the global", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00043-00023112-00023820": "South leapfrog over carbon intense development strategies pioneered by Europe and US America.", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00044-00023886-00024396": "I can’t believe what I am hearing. I think you’re way off the mark here. You can’t talk", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00045-00024396-00025074": "about leapfrogging when, you know, a third of Pakistan is under water and rising tides could", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00046-00025074-00025680": "wash away the homes of four hundred million people by the year 2100 due to sea level rise. Most of", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00047-00025680-00026232": "these living in developing countries. And people living in cities across Asia, Africa and Latin", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00048-00026232-00026795": "America have a fraction of the carbon footprint compared to those living in rich countries.", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00049-00026856-00027276": "And let’s not forget that the carbon footprint is a fairly crude aggregate", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00050-00027276-00027864": "measure where India’s richest man that lives in a 30-storey mansion and a poor slum dweller,", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00051-00027864-00028295": "they combine to deliver this aggregate figure. So poor people living in cities", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00052-00028295-00029052": "of developing countries have a minute and negligible carbon footprint. And these urban", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00053-00029052-00029724": "poor are already paying the price of the climate crisis. And therefore, in my view,", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00054-00029724-00030420": "climate justice is about recognising that huge carbon disparity exists, and then climate justice", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00055-00030420-00031110": "should be sharply focused on addressing the vulnerabilities of these poor and vulnerable", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00056-00031110-00031656": "people, while encouraging more sustainable forms of equitable economic development.", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00057-00031656-00032556": "OK, I hear you. And just let me clarify, I do not think that the urban poor should have to reduce", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00058-00032556-00033318": "their carbon emissions or bear responsibility for kind of global mitigation efforts. But I", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00059-00033318-00033972": "still think they have a role to play. There’s just so much more money invested into projects", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00060-00033972-00034644": "and infrastructure that mitigate carbon emissions. So according a report by the climate policy radar,", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00061-00034644-00035658": "in 2020, 2021, total climate finance reached US$632 billion. Ninety per cent of that targeted", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00062-00035658-00036228": "mitigation. Ninety per cent. I’m worried that money is largely bypassing low-income", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00063-00036228-00037020": "communities and possibly even widening the gap between the urban rich and the urban poor.", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00064-00037086-00037638": "So, what I’m trying to say is, we need to figure out how those investments can", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00065-00037638-00038262": "also target inequality and reduce poverty while also delivering emissions reductions.", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00066-00038262-00038724": "Ah, so quite different to what I originally thought. You’re not saying that poor people", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00067-00038724-00039246": "should shoulder the burden of decarbonisation, but that they should be key stakeholders in", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00068-00039246-00039888": "determining how decarbonisation takes place, and how climate finance for decarbonisation is spent.", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00069-00039888-00040230": "It’s really difficult to disagree with that, Tucker, so I think we’re on the same page.", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00070-00040230-00040962": "Especially because doing this will make it easier to ensure that decarbonisation efforts deliver a", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00071-00040962-00041562": "range of other co-benefits apart from only abating carbon emissions. You know, like investing in", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00072-00041562-00042204": "household solar power not only helps reduce emissions from coal-fired power plants in the", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00073-00042204-00042738": "global South, but also allows poor households to reduce their exposure to blackouts during", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00074-00042738-00043308": "heatwaves. So it’s a resilience measure as well. Exactly. I really think this is an opportunity", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00075-00043308-00043980": "to kind of deconstruct that binary between, oh, we’re either working on adaptation or mitigation,", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00076-00043980-00044346": "when we know that that difference doesn’t really make sense on the ground.", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00077-00044400-00044544": "I couldn’t agree with you more, Tucker.", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00078-00044898-00045438": "Thanks Tucker and Aditya. Now we’ve heard the arguments for low income in informal urban", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00079-00045438-00046026": "communities to engage in decisions and funding allocated for mitigation as part of broader", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00080-00046026-00046638": "efforts to accelerate climate action. Now we’re going to explore what pro-poor or more equitable", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00081-00046638-00047112": "climate action looks like in practice. When we started asking ourselves what sort of practical", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00082-00047112-00047652": "interventions in slums or informal settlements would reduce high urban emissions, or decarbonise", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00083-00047652-00048312": "cities, and reduce inequalities – so tackle poverty, improve access to housing, basic services", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00084-00048312-00048900": "such as water, sanitation, energy and improve livelihoods – we noticed a couple of things.", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00085-00048900-00049404": "First, there are already civil society organisations and communities and", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00086-00049404-00049890": "local governments innovating to address climate change and meet unmet basic needs,", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00087-00049890-00050538": "such as access to water and sanitation. And second, many of these innovations are capturing", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00088-00050538-00051048": "or reducing some carbon emissions while also dealing with the effects of climate change,", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00089-00051048-00051522": "as well as building local economies and improving the quality of life for residents.", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00090-00051600-00052146": "So to hear more about what this looks like in practice and in reality, we’ve invited two of our", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00091-00052146-00052596": "partners to tell us some more about the realities of working climate action and poverty in cities.", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00092-00052841-00053244": "Bijal, who’s joining us from Gujurat, would you like to introduce yourself, please.", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00093-00053316-00054054": "Thank you. My name is Bijal Brahmbhatt and I work with an organisation called Mahila Housing Trust.", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00094-00054054-00054822": "We work with poor women in informal sector, trying to improve their habitat conditions.", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00095-00054984-00055584": "On very, very basic issues, the work began on basic issues like water sanitation. But", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00096-00055584-00056117": "now we have – and housing – but now we have also, you know, moved over to looking at how", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00097-00056117-00056741": "this housing and this infrastructure can be more climate resilient for poor women.", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00098-00056802-00057167": "Thank you. So could you tell us a bit more about what you’re doing", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00099-00057167-00057570": "to improve low income neighbourhoods in the cities that you’re working in?", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00100-00057570-00058164": "So when we started actually working with poor women, especially on climate change issues,", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00101-00058164-00058686": "we understood that it is not currently on the priority list because they do,", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00102-00058686-00059267": "their time is occupied with worrying about their livelihoods or how to get their water connection.", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00103-00059267-00059838": "What interested them actually only in climate change was that they did not want their children", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00104-00059838-00060479": "to live the kind of lives that they were leading, and that’s what really got them interested. What", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00105-00060479-00061032": "we are doing currently is that we are organising these communities. We are training them to assess", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00106-00061032-00061572": "their vulnerabilities in terms of climate change, which are slow onset but potential disaster. So,", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00107-00061572-00062279": "like working on heat stress, which the global South is going to get subjected to increasingly,", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00108-00062279-00062952": "or air pollution, or say, water scarcity. So one is training them on what it is,", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00109-00062952-00063582": "demystifying the science, helping them assess their own vulnerabilities due to climate change,", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00110-00063582-00064182": "and then helping them make their own action plans. And then probably also working with technologists,", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00111-00064182-00064908": "scientists to ensure some disruptive collaborations which the women can adopt in terms", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00112-00064908-00065484": "of using these technologies. And then, you know, also thinking how they can be scaled and working", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00113-00065484-00065988": "with government. So that's potentially what we do when we work with low-income communities.", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00114-00065988-00066354": "Thanks for that. Could you tell us a little bit more about how", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00115-00066354-00066930": "these interventions support mitigation and people's abilities to adapt to climate change?", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00116-00066930-00067890": "So for example, heat is a given in India and across the global South, and the IPCC", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00117-00067890-00068706": "has predicted that it's going to be even hotter in areas like us, going beyond 50 degrees centigrade.", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00118-00068706-00069372": "We started working on something like cool roofs, which the poor can install in their houses because", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00119-00069372-00070026": "obviously they cannot afford air conditioners. What we did is we actually trained the women to", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00120-00070026-00070578": "take the readings after installing the cool roof, the heat readings, and then compare it", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00121-00070578-00071070": "with the meteorological department readings. And then they understood that the roof was really", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00122-00071070-00071934": "working and they started adopting the cool roof technology. With this, they actually in Ahmedabad,", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00123-00071934-00072450": "we had a city heat action plan which was not focusing on cooling at all, it was", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00124-00072450-00073080": "merely focusing on keeping hospitals ready when people get heat stroke and early warning systems.", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00125-00073080-00073668": "So, they then went to the government saying that cool roofing could be a part of the heat action", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00126-00073668-00074220": "plan and to which the government listened. And now we are working on cool roofs and", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00127-00074220-00074934": "cooling materials for the entire city. And once implemented and becomes a part of the policy,", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00128-00074934-00075354": "it will heavily reduce the GHG [greenhouse gas] emissions because of course the", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00129-00075354-00075834": "electricity consumption will be reduced. And from your perspective, what are some", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00130-00075834-00076464": "of the key learnings that are coming out of these interventions in terms of promoting climate action", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00131-00076464-00077016": "that can also respond to the specific basic needs and poverty in informal settlements.", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00132-00077016-00077670": "So I think the first and foremost is that technologists and scientists really keep some", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00133-00077670-00078180": "of this phenomena and speak about some of this phenomena in a very, very scientific language.", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00134-00078180-00078804": "That needs to be demystified through some very creative communication material to these women.", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00135-00078870-00079404": "Secondly, we must ensure disruptive collaborations on technologies for,", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00136-00079476-00080112": "you know, addressing the impacts of climate change. And it's a mutual learning – so the", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00137-00080112-00080694": "technologists and scientists also have to learn from the poor women. Thirdly, I think providing", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00138-00080694-00081450": "finance so that such initiatives scale up. And fourth and most important is that these", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00139-00081450-00081978": "community voices become a part of the government policymaking. I think these are the key learnings.", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00140-00081978-00082638": "That’s a really nice example of how much impact a fairly simple mitigation idea can have. And also", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00141-00082638-00083196": "how women who live in low income urban areas can have a real voice around decisions influencing", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00142-00083196-00083694": "city-wide change. I'd like to turn now to Daniel Kozak. Would you like to introduce yourself?", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00143-00083694-00084276": "Yes, thank you. My name is Daniel Kozak, I'm professor at the University of Buenos Aires,", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00144-00084276-00084624": "where I am the director of the Research Center Habitat and Energy.", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00145-00084624-00084978": "Wonderful, thank you. I wondered if perhaps you could tell us a little", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00146-00084978-00085380": "bit about the sorts of interventions that are being developed to upgrade and", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00147-00085380-00085656": "improve low-income neighbourhoods in Buenos Aires at the moment?", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00148-00085656-00086436": "Yes, of course. At the moment we are working on an ongoing plan that started in 2016.", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00149-00086436-00087408": "It is a reorganisation plan which initially didn't consider the environmental dimension,", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00150-00087408-00088476": "so our challenge is to try and make as possible as we can to introduce this layer, this dimension,", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00151-00088476-00089208": "especially by making room for green spaces and blue-green infrastructure in the neighbourhood,", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00152-00089208-00089736": "which is a huge challenge because these are very dense, central neighbourhoods,", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00153-00089736-00090474": "very impervious, so they are very affected by heat island effects and very prone to flooding.", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00154-00090474-00091098": "And how do the interventions and work that you're involved in respond to housing and", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00155-00091098-00091662": "basic service needs, whilst also accelerating climate action, specifically decarbonisation?", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00156-00091662-00092232": "At the moment we are prioritising interventions in public spaces. So", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00157-00092232-00092748": "basically, we are trying to look for all the opportunities to add", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00158-00092748-00093192": "more vegetation whenever we can, sustainable urban drainage systems.", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00159-00093192-00094020": "For example, the original plan or the ongoing plan has a lot of new passages open because one", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00160-00094020-00094818": "of the basic ideas was to open up - to ‘sponge’ as it is called in the plan - the neighbourhood,", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00161-00094818-00095502": "because one of the most acute problems is problems related to respiratory diseases,", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00162-00095502-00096210": "because ventilation is very poor. So the original plan had the aim of adding more", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00163-00096210-00096978": "streets and more passages, but initially all these streets were dry, and also didn't have", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00164-00097110-00097692": "the possibility of blue-green infrastructure and all these ideas that we are trying to bring in.", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00165-00097692-00098580": "So sometimes it is possible to plant a line of trees in very few cases. In most cases there's", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00166-00098580-00099270": "not enough space so we have to come up with more sometimes creative solutions, creating kind of", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00167-00099270-00099864": "platforms, vertical and horizontal, like vegetated pergolas that can provide shade. And also,", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00168-00099864-00100626": "whenever we can, we replace impervious surfaces by absorbent soil or different", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00169-00100626-00101268": "types of semiabsorbent soil and rain gardens. So working in these established neighbourhoods", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00170-00101268-00101844": "presents a challenge in terms of even finding space to make decarbonisation interventions?", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00171-00101844-00102654": "This is not only a challenge because of the lack of space, but also this involves sometimes intense", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00172-00102654-00103259": "conversation with neighbours because we have to make sure that everybody is happy with having,", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00173-00103259-00104142": "for example, a rain garden in the streets. So the real challenge is to create space for", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00174-00104142-00104861": "these new green spaces in the neighbourhood. That means making room for nature in the city,", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00175-00104861-00105516": "which is true also for all the city, but particularly in low-income neighbourhoods", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00176-00105516-00105966": "this is urgent, because this is where the highest levels of overcrowding are found", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00177-00106038-00106572": "and public spaces act essentially as expansions of the houses and flats.", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00178-00106572-00107082": "So this is also the neighbourhoods where there is usually less quality green space", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00179-00107154-00107802": "per inhabitant and where the feat of remediation, capacity of precipitation,", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00180-00107802-00108492": "that is the capacity of precipitation to capture pollution and contamination is also most needed,", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00181-00108492-00109259": "with also the provision of ecosystem services to cope heatwaves, reduce flood risk, etc.", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00182-00109259-00109806": "Thanks Daniel. Now, I'd like to ask both of you a couple of questions.", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00183-00109980-00110622": "Firstly, what do you both consider to be the key challenges in getting communities with", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00184-00110622-00111126": "relatively small emissions, with small carbon footprints, to consider building methods,", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00185-00111126-00111882": "upgrading approaches or new types of service provision that also contribute to decarbonisation?", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00186-00112044-00112811": "So to me, what I think in our experience is that because it's not very high up on the priority", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00187-00112811-00113802": "ladder of the poor, we have to constantly keep giving the messages, constantly have creative", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00188-00113802-00114468": "communication and be at it all the while, you know, working with these communities.", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00189-00114468-00115259": "Again, I think upgrading approaches and building methods should be technically advised to them and", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00190-00115259-00115992": "also kind of supported with finance. Because the major issue that they face is that they", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00191-00115992-00116556": "do not get access to finance because their housing is on informal land. So,", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00192-00116556-00117042": "I think all of these efforts have to be supported with access to finance.", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00193-00117042-00117882": "I agree with Bijal. I think probably one of the main challenges is that until very recently this", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00194-00117882-00118404": "was not part of the conversation and it's definitely not the priorities of the people", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00195-00118404-00119009": "in low-income neighbourhood, at least the ones in which I participate. So, I think sometimes", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00196-00119064-00120024": "the way to advance in climate change action agenda is to have, for example, mitigation aims as", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00197-00120024-00120774": "secondary aims and use the main aims prioritised by the inhabitants of the neighbourhoods.", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00198-00120774-00121559": "For example, reducing the flood risk or reducing the heat waves, and at the same time capturing CO2", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00199-00121559-00122346": "and creating conditions for adaptation. This is also in line with the latest literature in climate", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00200-00122346-00123168": "change which makes a call to create synergy between mitigation, adaptation and sustainable", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00201-00123168-00124122": "development, especially in the global South. Thanks so much. And then just another question", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00202-00124122-00124788": "for you both. What, in your opinion are the key ingredients that we need now to scale", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00203-00124788-00125196": "these interventions to make change happen? We've been talking a lot about interventions", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00204-00125196-00125700": "that exist at local level, but how do you think, what's needed to really scale these interventions", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00205-00125808-00126174": "to achieve change? So, in my opinion,", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00206-00126174-00126942": "four or five key things we need to do. First of all, in my country and across the global South,", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00207-00126942-00127608": "I believe that climate action plans are made, but they are made in isolation of the urban", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00208-00127608-00128183": "development plans - these two plans don't talk to each other. So, so far as urban areas are", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00209-00128183-00128700": "concerned, I think urban development needs to integrate with climate action planning.", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00210-00128700-00129144": "That's the first thing. I think the second most important thing is that", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00211-00129144-00129498": "currently the poor women who we are working with", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00212-00129708-00130464": "are actually having no invited space in the government committees and policymaking, so,", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00213-00130464-00130968": "you know, we have to claim our space. So I think the poor and the communities should", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00214-00130968-00131808": "have an invited space in the government committees and policymaking arena. Third, I think disruptive", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00215-00131808-00132594": "collaborations on locally led adaptation need to be financed by the government and recognised as", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00216-00132594-00133374": "a part of social protection schemes. And all of this has to be accompanied with constant", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00217-00133374-00133932": "creative communication and messaging. I think these are the important ingredients.", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00218-00134004-00134610": "Again, I agree with Bijal. I think there are at least three dimensions", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00219-00134610-00135162": "in which scaling up should be addressed and this is also very recognised in the", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00220-00135162-00135768": "current literature. First of all, we have to go beyond the size of pilot projects.", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00221-00135768-00136212": "There are a lot of NBS [nature-based solutions] blue-green infrastructure pilot projects but they", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00222-00136212-00137070": "tend to remain as isolated episodes. So we have to go beyond the scale of this and also to cover", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00223-00137070-00137820": "more extension. Most of these pilot projects are located in kind of the same locations,", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00224-00137820-00138462": "which are the locations that have access to this information first of all, and the resources.", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00225-00138462-00139026": "And also, and this is the most important part, is to conventionalise this approach:", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00226-00139026-00139758": "They tend to be considered still demonstrative project, pilot project. So in order to achieve", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00227-00139758-00140586": "these three dimensions of scaling up, I think that a very important mind shift in governance", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00228-00140586-00141210": "and in the structures of governance have to take place. There is a very strong", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00229-00141210-00142080": "path dependency and it is difficult to work multidimensional to bring down silos. We have", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00230-00142080-00142644": "to think that conventional grey infrastructure has been in place, and all the mechanisms that", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00231-00142644-00143208": "support and put forward grey infrastructure has been in place, for hundreds of years.", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00232-00143208-00143874": "If we include the 19th century beginnings of this type of approach in cities,", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00233-00143874-00144468": "in the case of fluvial water, the drainage system it’s very clear - the idea has always been to", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00234-00144468-00145248": "take the water fast and far from the place where the rain falls. So, making this shift and trying", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00235-00145248-00146202": "to retain as much as possible replicate the mechanisms of the hydrological cycle it takes a", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00236-00146202-00146766": "lot of effort and a lot of internal changes in the government structure, in the planning structures.", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00237-00146766-00147336": "Thank you both so much. It's really exciting and hopeful to hear how these diverse interventions", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00238-00147336-00147810": "in very different urban contexts are not only responding to poverty and inequality,", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00239-00147810-00148314": "but also promoting climate action locally that's linking adaptation and mitigation.", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00240-00148314-00148716": "I guess my reflections from your reflections are", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00241-00148716-00149232": "that innovation doesn't always come from engineering firms or architects alone,", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00242-00149232-00149922": "and instead there are emerging co-produced solutions that have the scope to be scaled", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00243-00150036-00150672": "and also to develop affordable accessible infrastructure that reflects the local priorities.", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00244-00150672-00151344": "And these are priorities which contribute to climate action. Without planning processes and", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00245-00151344-00151908": "solutions that involve local governments and low-income urban communities, it's clear that", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00246-00151908-00152406": "climate investment - and that includes mitigation investments - will not reflect these needs.", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00247-00152406-00152940": "And they do run the risk of exacerbating existing social and economic and environmental injustices.", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00248-00152940-00153378": "And we've seen this in cities from the global North where environmental investments", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00249-00153378-00153876": "or climate investments have actually promoted gentrification. So it's really important that", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00250-00153876-00154410": "decentralised decision-making processes are established with accessible local resources", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00251-00154410-00155028": "that can be used by local actors to support these processes and enable change to happen", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00252-00155028-00155478": "at scale. And I’d just like to conclude by thanking our guests for joining us today,", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00253-00155544-00156024": "Daniel and Bijal, and also my colleagues, Tucker and Aditya. Thank you all for listening.", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00254-00156024-00156630": "And you can find out more about today’s podcast, our guests and their work,", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00255-00156630-00157386": "at www.iied.org/podcast, where you can also listen to more episodes.", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00256-00157518-00158256": "Our work on better cities, at iied.org/urban, will provide some particularly relevant information.", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00257-00158406-00159018": "You can leave us feedback, or follow the podcast, at soundcloud.com/theiied.", "bH7NFW6WYaM-00258-00159432-00160368": "For more information about IIED and our work, please visit us online at www.iied.org."}}, {"audio_id": "bHlB1n4-93k", "text": {"bHlB1n4-93k-00000-00000000-00000246": "Hi everyone! Today we're going to talk", "bHlB1n4-93k-00001-00000246-00000527": "about how to give effective instructions.", "bHlB1n4-93k-00002-00000527-00000789": "Why? Simply because students don't", "bHlB1n4-93k-00003-00000789-00000971": "understand the immense amount of", "bHlB1n4-93k-00004-00000971-00001194": "meticulous planning that needs to happen", "bHlB1n4-93k-00005-00001194-00001446": "before the delivery of an activity or", "bHlB1n4-93k-00006-00001446-00001512": "a game.", "bHlB1n4-93k-00007-00001512-00001730": "Students often underestimate the", "bHlB1n4-93k-00008-00001730-00002003": "complexity of giving instructions and do", "bHlB1n4-93k-00009-00002003-00002208": "not realise that it is actually a skill.", "bHlB1n4-93k-00010-00002208-00002523": "And so today, we'll focus on how to give", "bHlB1n4-93k-00011-00002523-00002799": "effective instructions. And starting from", "bHlB1n4-93k-00012-00002799-00002984": "this week onwards, you will have plenty", "bHlB1n4-93k-00013-00002984-00003246": "of opportunities to practise and to", "bHlB1n4-93k-00014-00003246-00003461": "train yourselves to master the skill.", "bHlB1n4-93k-00015-00004116-00004312": "Let's take an icebreaker lesson as an", "bHlB1n4-93k-00016-00004313-00004394": "example.", "bHlB1n4-93k-00017-00004394-00004657": "All kids love games, right? All kids", "bHlB1n4-93k-00018-00004657-00004901": "understand how to play games, right?", "bHlB1n4-93k-00019-00004901-00005114": "And so there should be no problem in having", "bHlB1n4-93k-00020-00005114-00005267": "them participate in an icebreaker", "bHlB1n4-93k-00021-00005267-00005360": "activity?", "bHlB1n4-93k-00022-00005360-00005582": "Well, let's watch a clip of three", "bHlB1n4-93k-00023-00005582-00005783": "students trying to get a couple of kids", "bHlB1n4-93k-00024-00005783-00005980": "to participate in an ice-breaking game.", "bHlB1n4-93k-00025-00006098-00006242": "Listen, listen.", "bHlB1n4-93k-00026-00006576-00006823": "Jose will come, and ask, anyone of you", "bHlB1n4-93k-00027-00006898-00007143": "Are you the Lion King?", "bHlB1n4-93k-00028-00007904-00008023": "And she may ask ...", "bHlB1n4-93k-00029-00008152-00008208": "Listen!", "bHlB1n4-93k-00030-00008520-00008570": "OK, OK.", "bHlB1n4-93k-00031-00008708-00008844": "Listen, listen, OK.", "bHlB1n4-93k-00032-00009060-00009188": "Maybe you ask Alex,", "bHlB1n4-93k-00033-00009264-00009408": "Are you the Lion King?", "bHlB1n4-93k-00034-00009668-00009756": "Alex will say", "bHlB1n4-93k-00035-00009960-00010238": "No, I am not the Lion King", "bHlB1n4-93k-00036-00010350-00010666": "and maybe she will ask me", "bHlB1n4-93k-00037-00010766-00011002": "Are you the Lion King?", "bHlB1n4-93k-00038-00011086-00011174": "I will say ...", "bHlB1n4-93k-00039-00011260-00011600": "Yes I am the Lion King.", "bHlB1n4-93k-00040-00011756-00011820": "OK, so ...", "bHlB1n4-93k-00041-00011990-00012062": "Follow me.", "bHlB1n4-93k-00042-00012323-00012507": "So, would you submit this as", "bHlB1n4-93k-00043-00012507-00012729": "your assessment? If not, why?", "bHlB1n4-93k-00044-00012784-00012997": "Some of you may think that they had just had a bad", "bHlB1n4-93k-00045-00012998-00013244": "class and that not all classes are like", "bHlB1n4-93k-00046-00013244-00013305": "this.", "bHlB1n4-93k-00047-00013336-00013572": "Well, remember never ever blame the", "bHlB1n4-93k-00048-00013572-00013820": "students. Always look back on how the", "bHlB1n4-93k-00049-00013820-00013980": "lesson was planned and how the", "bHlB1n4-93k-00050-00013980-00014126": "instructions were given.", "bHlB1n4-93k-00051-00014168-00014316": "And so, let's analyse this video.", "bHlB1n4-93k-00052-00014402-00014538": "You want to start the", "bHlB1n4-93k-00053-00014553-00014784": "class with the simple and fun activity,", "bHlB1n4-93k-00054-00014784-00015047": "to warm the students up and engage them.", "bHlB1n4-93k-00055-00015047-00015354": "By doing so, you're actually preparing", "bHlB1n4-93k-00056-00015354-00015525": "them for your teaching that comes later.", "bHlB1n4-93k-00057-00015525-00015819": "But in this case you can clearly see", "bHlB1n4-93k-00058-00015819-00016083": "that quite a few students were lost.", "bHlB1n4-93k-00059-00016083-00016404": "Definitely not engaged! In their defense,", "bHlB1n4-93k-00060-00016404-00016587": "this is quite a complicated game for", "bHlB1n4-93k-00061-00016587-00016845": "them to understand. Students will first", "bHlB1n4-93k-00062-00016845-00017013": "have to understand that the objective of", "bHlB1n4-93k-00063-00017013-00017207": "the game is to guess who the lion king", "bHlB1n4-93k-00064-00017207-00017439": "is while watching everyone's movements.", "bHlB1n4-93k-00065-00017504-00017682": "They will also have to understand that", "bHlB1n4-93k-00066-00017682-00017967": "there are three separate roles. The Lion", "bHlB1n4-93k-00067-00017967-00018039": "King;", "bHlB1n4-93k-00068-00018039-00018354": "the guesser; the followers. The guesser", "bHlB1n4-93k-00069-00018354-00018504": "will have to leave the room.", "bHlB1n4-93k-00070-00018504-00018612": "The Lion King will have to create", "bHlB1n4-93k-00071-00018612-00018860": "motions and constantly switch motions,", "bHlB1n4-93k-00072-00018860-00019107": "and everyone else has to follow along as", "bHlB1n4-93k-00073-00019107-00019335": "quickly as possible, and so they will", "bHlB1n4-93k-00074-00019335-00019638": "have to understand the trick is everyone", "bHlB1n4-93k-00075-00019638-00019863": "has to look at the Lion King in order to", "bHlB1n4-93k-00076-00019863-00020051": "follow along, but they should not be", "bHlB1n4-93k-00077-00020051-00020334": "looking too obviously, or else the guesser", "bHlB1n4-93k-00078-00020334-00020631": "would know who the Lion King is.", "bHlB1n4-93k-00079-00020631-00020781": "So let me ask this question again,", "bHlB1n4-93k-00080-00020781-00021023": "do you think this was a good activity to", "bHlB1n4-93k-00081-00021023-00021149": "start the day?", "bHlB1n4-93k-00082-00021149-00021440": "Our Tip Number 1, is that you have to", "bHlB1n4-93k-00083-00021440-00021704": "evaluate the sequence of your activities.", "bHlB1n4-93k-00084-00021704-00021977": "OK, although this might not have been the", "bHlB1n4-93k-00085-00021977-00022211": "best activity to start the day but they", "bHlB1n4-93k-00086-00022211-00022421": "did plan a smooth flow from their", "bHlB1n4-93k-00087-00022421-00022658": "activity to their teaching. They changed", "bHlB1n4-93k-00088-00022658-00022850": "the title of the game so by playing the", "bHlB1n4-93k-00089-00022850-00023000": "game they also introduced the main", "bHlB1n4-93k-00090-00023000-00023243": "character of their story. So remember,", "bHlB1n4-93k-00091-00023243-00023537": "plan the sequence as well as the flow of", "bHlB1n4-93k-00092-00023537-00023780": "your activities. Next question, do you", "bHlB1n4-93k-00093-00023780-00024032": "think the language was appropriate?", "bHlB1n4-93k-00094-00024032-00024212": "Our Tip Number 2, is that you have to", "bHlB1n4-93k-00095-00024212-00024446": "evaluate your sentence structures and", "bHlB1n4-93k-00096-00024446-00024671": "the word you use very carefully.", "bHlB1n4-93k-00097-00024671-00024848": "She did a great job trying to simplify", "bHlB1n4-93k-00098-00024848-00025090": "her language. She simply said ...", "bHlB1n4-93k-00099-00026832-00026950": "So in this case,", "bHlB1n4-93k-00100-00026951-00027149": "the sentence structure and words used were", "bHlB1n4-93k-00101-00027149-00027370": "simple enough, but why didn't her", "bHlB1n4-93k-00102-00027370-00027567": "students seem to understand?", "bHlB1n4-93k-00103-00027639-00027889": "The answer is simple. You need to plan which words", "bHlB1n4-93k-00104-00027889-00028086": "you should teach before you play the game.", "bHlB1n4-93k-00105-00028162-00028558": "You may think, 'lead', 'actions', 'follow',", "bHlB1n4-93k-00106-00028654-00029006": "'guess', 'ask' are very simple words and", "bHlB1n4-93k-00107-00029006-00029276": "concepts, but if you don't teach these", "bHlB1n4-93k-00108-00029276-00029444": "words before you let your students", "bHlB1n4-93k-00109-00029444-00029552": "participate,", "bHlB1n4-93k-00110-00029552-00029732": "how can you make sure that they will", "bHlB1n4-93k-00111-00029732-00029927": "understand your instructions and be able", "bHlB1n4-93k-00112-00029927-00030038": "to follow along?", "bHlB1n4-93k-00113-00030108-00030452": "So, Tip Number 3, identify key words", "bHlB1n4-93k-00114-00030452-00030668": "and concepts in your instructions and", "bHlB1n4-93k-00115-00030668-00030950": "pre-teach them. When brainstorming how", "bHlB1n4-93k-00116-00030950-00031157": "you should teach the words or concepts", "bHlB1n4-93k-00117-00031157-00031637": "consider our Tip Number 4. Use visuals!", "bHlB1n4-93k-00118-00031637-00031886": "In this case, instead of having the phrases", "bHlB1n4-93k-00119-00031886-00032075": "up on the blackboard, is there a more", "bHlB1n4-93k-00120-00032075-00032288": "effective way of using the blackboard?", "bHlB1n4-93k-00121-00032468-00032642": "For example, divide the blackboard into", "bHlB1n4-93k-00122-00032642-00032909": "three sections, the three roles: the Lion", "bHlB1n4-93k-00123-00032909-00033248": "King; the followers; and the guesser. Just to", "bHlB1n4-93k-00124-00033248-00033350": "make it more fun,", "bHlB1n4-93k-00125-00033350-00033569": "maybe use other animals for these two", "bHlB1n4-93k-00126-00033569-00033905": "roles. Then write down the key words, the", "bHlB1n4-93k-00127-00033905-00034100": "key responsibilities of each role", "bHlB1n4-93k-00128-00034100-00034364": "accordingly; for example, under Lion King write", "bHlB1n4-93k-00129-00034364-00034740": "'lead', 'actions';", "bHlB1n4-93k-00130-00034740-00035144": "under Guesser, write down 'go out', 'come in',", "bHlB1n4-93k-00131-00035144-00035784": "'guess', 'ask'; under Followers write down 'look',", "bHlB1n4-93k-00132-00035784-00036303": "'follow'. Then teach each of these words;", "bHlB1n4-93k-00133-00036303-00036513": "demonstrate using body language what", "bHlB1n4-93k-00134-00036513-00036788": "each keyword means and therefore you're", "bHlB1n4-93k-00135-00036788-00036987": "teaching them what the three roles are", "bHlB1n4-93k-00136-00036987-00037338": "expected to do. So that leads us to our", "bHlB1n4-93k-00137-00037338-00037608": "Tip Number 5. Always demonstrate", "bHlB1n4-93k-00138-00037608-00037824": "before you let your students participate.", "bHlB1n4-93k-00139-00037824-00038106": "As you can see, even though they try to", "bHlB1n4-93k-00140-00038106-00038280": "demonstrate, their students weren't", "bHlB1n4-93k-00141-00038280-00038433": "paying attention.", "bHlB1n4-93k-00142-00038433-00038799": "Why? Students already formed a circle, so", "bHlB1n4-93k-00143-00038799-00038874": "to them,", "bHlB1n4-93k-00144-00038874-00039113": "the game has already started. It's not", "bHlB1n4-93k-00145-00039113-00039309": "teaching time anymore and so of course", "bHlB1n4-93k-00146-00039309-00039483": "they would lose focus.", "bHlB1n4-93k-00147-00039555-00039747": "One good thing about their demonstration,", "bHlB1n4-93k-00148-00039747-00040065": "is that they have good and bad examples.", "bHlB1n4-93k-00149-00040235-00040530": "OK, maybe she will ask Alex.", "bHlB1n4-93k-00150-00041970-00042162": "And maybe, she will ask me ...", "bHlB1n4-93k-00151-00043218-00043370": "Remember, even for the", "bHlB1n4-93k-00152-00043370-00043583": "simplest games like hang man, you should", "bHlB1n4-93k-00153-00043583-00043811": "demonstrate what it means to lose, as", "bHlB1n4-93k-00154-00043811-00044174": "well as what it means to win. So after", "bHlB1n4-93k-00155-00044174-00044423": "the good and bad demonstrations is it", "bHlB1n4-93k-00156-00044423-00044681": "time to let your students participate?", "bHlB1n4-93k-00157-00044681-00045152": "No, there's one more step, Tip Number 6.", "bHlB1n4-93k-00158-00045152-00045503": "Check understanding. For example, if hats", "bHlB1n4-93k-00159-00045503-00045728": "were prepared, put the Lion King hat on", "bHlB1n4-93k-00160-00045728-00045944": "one student, and put the Guesser hat on", "bHlB1n4-93k-00161-00045944-00046118": "yourself, and have one group member", "bHlB1n4-93k-00162-00046118-00046310": "encourage the Lion King to create", "bHlB1n4-93k-00163-00046310-00046532": "motions. Another group member to", "bHlB1n4-93k-00164-00046532-00046781": "encourage others to follow along. Then,", "bHlB1n4-93k-00165-00046781-00047036": "you can go around and ask students, \"Are", "bHlB1n4-93k-00166-00047036-00047339": "you the Lion King?\", and have them respond.", "bHlB1n4-93k-00167-00047339-00047567": "Remember you should always check whether", "bHlB1n4-93k-00168-00047567-00047771": "or not your students really understand,", "bHlB1n4-93k-00169-00047771-00047945": "before you let them play.", "bHlB1n4-93k-00170-00047945-00048293": "So in the example I just gave, clear", "bHlB1n4-93k-00171-00048293-00048467": "demonstrations and checking", "bHlB1n4-93k-00172-00048467-00048713": "understanding effectively, required group", "bHlB1n4-93k-00173-00048713-00049022": "work. So one last question, how would you", "bHlB1n4-93k-00174-00049022-00049376": "evaluate their group work? One girl was", "bHlB1n4-93k-00175-00049376-00049610": "giving instructions; another girl who", "bHlB1n4-93k-00176-00049610-00049766": "didn't get to see is outside", "bHlB1n4-93k-00177-00049766-00049964": "accompanying a student who was chosen to", "bHlB1n4-93k-00178-00049964-00050129": "be the Guesser. And the boy was", "bHlB1n4-93k-00179-00050129-00050261": "supposed to be the one monitoring", "bHlB1n4-93k-00180-00050261-00050357": "discipline.", "bHlB1n4-93k-00181-00050357-00050621": "However, the girl leading had to", "bHlB1n4-93k-00182-00050621-00050837": "constantly stop to monitor discipline.", "bHlB1n4-93k-00183-00050837-00051107": "The leader of the activity should never", "bHlB1n4-93k-00184-00051107-00051328": "divert their attention to complete other", "bHlB1n4-93k-00185-00051328-00051584": "duties. When you're not focused on them,", "bHlB1n4-93k-00186-00051584-00051776": "they lose focus.", "bHlB1n4-93k-00187-00051776-00052046": "As for assisting roles, make a list of", "bHlB1n4-93k-00188-00052046-00052255": "roles needed, and make sure everyone is", "bHlB1n4-93k-00189-00052255-00052589": "clear on how to come together as a group.", "bHlB1n4-93k-00190-00052589-00052780": "Remember we're expecting to see", "bHlB1n4-93k-00191-00052780-00053123": "collaboration. Our last tip is that", "bHlB1n4-93k-00192-00053123-00053354": "everyone must have a strategy to keep", "bHlB1n4-93k-00193-00053354-00053767": "the students eyes on you. Be it a signal or", "bHlB1n4-93k-00194-00053767-00054020": "classroom rules you should not expect", "bHlB1n4-93k-00195-00054020-00054269": "students to just pay attention. When they", "bHlB1n4-93k-00196-00054269-00054362": "lose focus,", "bHlB1n4-93k-00197-00054362-00054578": "you need a strategy to help them regain", "bHlB1n4-93k-00198-00054578-00054892": "focus. That's how meticulous planning can", "bHlB1n4-93k-00199-00054892-00055115": "help you give effective instructions.", "bHlB1n4-93k-00200-00055115-00055484": "It's not just your language, it's how you", "bHlB1n4-93k-00201-00055484-00055717": "plan every single activity, in every", "bHlB1n4-93k-00202-00055717-00055988": "single lesson you teach. In all lessons,", "bHlB1n4-93k-00203-00055988-00056177": "you will need to give clear instructions,", "bHlB1n4-93k-00204-00056177-00056465": "and that cannot be achieved by one", "bHlB1n4-93k-00205-00056465-00056552": "person.", "bHlB1n4-93k-00206-00056552-00057041": "So remember, group work is key.", "bHlB1n4-93k-00207-00057041-00057269": "So, from this week onwards, we will be asking each", "bHlB1n4-93k-00208-00057269-00057584": "group to lead an icebreaker. Use these", "bHlB1n4-93k-00209-00057584-00057851": "opportunities to practise. Treat your", "bHlB1n4-93k-00210-00057851-00058046": "peers and your teacher like they are", "bHlB1n4-93k-00211-00058046-00058274": "students who don't understand the most", "bHlB1n4-93k-00212-00058274-00058591": "basic words in English.", "bHlB1n4-93k-00213-00058666-00059055": "Plan carefully with your groupmates. How you will", "bHlB1n4-93k-00214-00059057-00059387": "establish classroom rules? What your", "bHlB1n4-93k-00215-00059387-00059759": "language focus will be? How and what you", "bHlB1n4-93k-00216-00059759-00059941": "will teach before you introduce your", "bHlB1n4-93k-00217-00059941-00060011": "game?", "bHlB1n4-93k-00218-00060011-00060386": "What kind of visuals you will use? How", "bHlB1n4-93k-00219-00060386-00060533": "you will demonstrate the game", "bHlB1n4-93k-00220-00060533-00060797": "step-by-step with your groupmates? And", "bHlB1n4-93k-00221-00060797-00061075": "lastly, how you will check understanding?", "bHlB1n4-93k-00222-00061187-00061391": "OK, now start planning!", "bHlB1n4-93k-00223-00061402-00061514": "See you in class!", "bHlB1n4-93k-00224-00061566-00061616": "Bye!"}}, {"audio_id": "bH-hhwI0nSE", "text": {"bH-hhwI0nSE-00000-00000362-00000834": "When we talk about resolution we talk about web and print resolution. Next,", "bH-hhwI0nSE-00001-00000834-00001200": "let's talk about the print side. Print resolution is not as easily", "bH-hhwI0nSE-00002-00001200-00001644": "defined as web resolution. 300 PPI is considered to be the standard printing", "bH-hhwI0nSE-00003-00001644-00001964": "resolution because that is a setting that works for the majority of printing", "bH-hhwI0nSE-00004-00001964-00002355": "processes, but each type of printing has its own parameters when it comes to", "bH-hhwI0nSE-00005-00002355-00002838": "proper resolution. LPI, which I talked about in the previous video, is an additional", "bH-hhwI0nSE-00006-00002838-00003161": "resolution term used in printing. It stands for lines per inch and describes", "bH-hhwI0nSE-00007-00003161-00003579": "the frequency of which halftone dots a particular printing process can print", "bH-hhwI0nSE-00008-00003579-00004061": "per inch. Desktop inkjet printers, like a photo printer that you might want to", "bH-hhwI0nSE-00009-00004061-00004607": "print on, use between 240 and 300 PPI. You'll need to check your printer", "bH-hhwI0nSE-00010-00004607-00004998": "settings to know what your resolution should be. Commercial printing presses", "bH-hhwI0nSE-00011-00004998-00005462": "use a formula taking LPI, the lines per inch or the frequency in which you can", "bH-hhwI0nSE-00012-00005462-00006023": "create halftone dots, into consideration. Grayscale images use 1.5 times the LPI.", "bH-hhwI0nSE-00013-00006023-00006770": "What we usually end up with is 200 PPI as the", "bH-hhwI0nSE-00014-00006770-00007259": "resolution for grayscale images. Color images use 2 times the LPI... which", "bH-hhwI0nSE-00015-00007259-00007920": "usually is between 250 and 350ppi resolution. There's a typo on the screen there. We", "bH-hhwI0nSE-00016-00007920-00008367": "average that out and say that 300 should be good on most printing outputs.", "bH-hhwI0nSE-00017-00008367-00008889": "That's why we say that 300 resolution is standard. However, it's not. In printing", "bH-hhwI0nSE-00018-00008889-00009210": "you want to use the formula of one and a half times LPI if you're printing a", "bH-hhwI0nSE-00019-00009210-00009846": "grayscale image... think about newspapers. If newspapers can print 70 LPI", "bH-hhwI0nSE-00020-00009846-00010302": "...I just made that number up... then we would multiply 70 times 1.5 and that would", "bH-hhwI0nSE-00021-00010302-00010917": "give us the resolution that we need for newsprint images. Color images are going", "bH-hhwI0nSE-00022-00010917-00011910": "to use two times LPI which ends up usually being between 250 and 350ppi. Some", "bH-hhwI0nSE-00023-00011910-00012402": "printing processes that have a higher quality LPI like gravure", "bH-hhwI0nSE-00024-00012402-00012792": "printing ....it's one of the printing processes... while others have lower like", "bH-hhwI0nSE-00025-00012792-00013169": "screen printing. The formulas used are still the same. You're still going to", "bH-hhwI0nSE-00026-00013169-00013554": "use 1.5 times the LPI to calculate the resolution the", "bH-hhwI0nSE-00027-00013554-00013938": "grayscale image and 2 times the LPI to calculate the resolution of a color", "bH-hhwI0nSE-00028-00013938-00014547": "image. You'll just start with bigger or smaller numbers. If you have 133 LPI", "bH-hhwI0nSE-00029-00014547-00014874": "you'll multiply it times 2 and you'll", "bH-hhwI0nSE-00030-00014874-00015831": "need 266 PPI. If you start with 33 LPI you multiply that times 2 for a color", "bH-hhwI0nSE-00031-00015831-00016719": "image and you'd only need 66 pixels per inch or dpi. File size is also very", "bH-hhwI0nSE-00032-00016719-00017157": "important for print resolution. File size is important for web resolutions", "bH-hhwI0nSE-00033-00017157-00017642": "because we don't want big files. We want them to load quickly because someone may", "bH-hhwI0nSE-00034-00017642-00018045": "go to your website and if it takes more than 3 seconds for the website to", "bH-hhwI0nSE-00035-00018045-00018318": "load they'll get bored and they'll leave it. We want it to load really fast.", "bH-hhwI0nSE-00036-00018318-00018906": "Conversely, we want as much data as possible when printing.", "bH-hhwI0nSE-00037-00018906-00019304": "We want to make sure that we're printing the highest quality images.", "bH-hhwI0nSE-00038-00019304-00019791": "Print resolution is much higher than web resolution. Web we said was 72 and", "bH-hhwI0nSE-00039-00019791-00020301": "print resolution is 300 PPI if we're looking at it on screen and dpi if we printed", "bH-hhwI0nSE-00040-00020301-00020991": "it. We want to have 300 pixels per inch, but just like web file format", "bH-hhwI0nSE-00041-00020991-00021425": "around sorry web resolutions we don't want anything bigger than 300 or", "bH-hhwI0nSE-00042-00021425-00021891": "whatever the calculation is determined by using these formulas. We don't want", "bH-hhwI0nSE-00043-00021891-00022344": "anything larger because anything larger it just takes forever to download.", "bH-hhwI0nSE-00044-00022344-00022689": "Once it's printed we don't care how big the file was because we're picking up", "bH-hhwI0nSE-00045-00022689-00023154": "physically printed things, but if I'm trying to upload a booklet that's 400", "bH-hhwI0nSE-00046-00023154-00023610": "pages and there's 8 pictures on every page and each one of them has 900 PPI", "bH-hhwI0nSE-00047-00023610-00024185": "resolution... it is going to take forever to download. The download could become", "bH-hhwI0nSE-00048-00024185-00024672": "corrupt. The connection could break. It could take several hours longer than you", "bH-hhwI0nSE-00049-00024672-00024932": "anticipate to get files from one place to another, etc...", "bH-hhwI0nSE-00050-00024932-00025593": "You want to keep that in mind. We do want a lot of data, but we don't", "bH-hhwI0nSE-00051-00025593-00026031": "want anything more than 300 PPI or whatever is determined by the formula to", "bH-hhwI0nSE-00052-00026031-00026493": "calculate the appropriate resolution... because anything above that determined", "bH-hhwI0nSE-00053-00026493-00026866": "resolution will do the same thing that happens for", "bH-hhwI0nSE-00054-00026866-00027418": "web. It'll increase the file size and in theory it will increase the quality, but", "bH-hhwI0nSE-00055-00027418-00027927": "as I look at all these images the one at 300 PPI and the one at 900 PPI look", "bH-hhwI0nSE-00056-00027927-00028381": "identical. I can't see any better image. I'm just increasing the file size and", "bH-hhwI0nSE-00057-00028381-00028749": "kind of wasting my time in doing so."}}, {"audio_id": "bH_sVM8DbJy", "text": {"bH_sVM8DbJy-00000-00000478-00001586": "[Crickets Chirping]", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00001-00001820-00002030": "Welcome, pups.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00002-00002030-00002522": "I haven't prepared the circle tonight, because we're doing a different kind of Work.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00003-00002522-00002950": "Gird your loins, loves: We're going in to battle against someone who has all the money", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00004-00002950-00003111": "and all the power.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00005-00003111-00003404": "We're going to fight The Man.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00006-00003404-00003939": "But before we do, I have to ask you a question.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00007-00003939-00004133": "Do you trust your boss?", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00008-00004133-00004380": "A lot of you probably said \"no.\"", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00009-00004380-00004649": "You saw the question in the title, and you were like \"pffft.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00010-00004649-00004806": "Fuck no, I don't trust my boss.\"", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00011-00004806-00005208": "And while you would be correct not to trust your bosses, today, I'm here to talk about", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00012-00005208-00005683": "some of the ways you DO trust you(r) boss and you absolutely shouldn't.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00013-00005683-00006247": "Because today, I am here to talk about the reality of wage theft, and not in the leftist", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00014-00006247-00006767": "sense that \"wages are theft,\" but in the legal sense of Wage Theft as a thing that happens", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00015-00006767-00007384": "in the world where even your wages themselves are stolen from you by your employer.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00016-00007384-00007792": "Wage theft is an ENORMOUS problem, and it is one of the evils that keep the gears of", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00017-00007792-00007962": "the system greased.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00018-00007962-00008393": "According to Kim Bobo, author of \"Wage Theft in America: Why Millions of Workers are Not", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00019-00008393-00008807": "Getting Paid and What We Can Do About It\" and co-director of the Virginia Interfaith", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00020-00008807-00009557": "Center for Public Policy, in the United States, simply not paying overtime, only ONE FORM", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00021-00009557-00010186": "of wage theft, accounts for at least NINETEEN BILLION DOLLARS A YEAR of wage theft.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00022-00010202-00010726": "More than TEN TIMES the amount stolen through burglary, larceny, or auto theft, which are", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00023-00010728-00011090": "themselves about ten times the amount stolen in armed robbery.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00024-00011194-00011372": "Why is it such a huge problem?", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00025-00011372-00011798": "A number of reasons: People with power will take advantage of those without, and wage", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00026-00011798-00012074": "theft is one of the ways they'll do it.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00027-00012074-00012519": "Wage theft affects immigrants and other marginalized people at higher rates than majoritized people.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00028-00012519-00012793": "Okay, but what is it?", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00029-00012793-00013309": "Wage theft is exactly what the name implies: Theft of wages.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00030-00013309-00013545": "This can be done a number of ways, and we're going to talk about them.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00031-00013545-00014135": "But let's get one thing straight here: When I say that wage theft keeps the gears greased,", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00032-00014135-00014318": "I mean it.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00033-00014318-00014793": "Middlesex University and Trust reported that three billion pounds a year in unpaid holiday", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00034-00014793-00015271": "pay and wages were being stolen from millions of workers in the UK, and suggested that wage", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00035-00015272-00015654": "theft was a deliberate tactic used to increase profits.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00036-00015654-00016300": "I'm here not to suggest that. I'm here to tell you that it absolutely is a deliberate act.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00037-00016470-00016794": "Like I said, it can happen in a number of ways.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00038-00016794-00017129": "The most common is underreporting of hours worked.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00039-00017129-00017492": "Employers, for any number of reasons, will adjust employees' hours worked in a pay period,", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00040-00017492-00017763": "then pay based on the adjusted hours.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00041-00017763-00017959": "I have had this happen multiple times.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00042-00017959-00018346": "In one case, my hours (and others' as well) were being reduced so that my supervisor could", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00043-00018346-00018668": "inflate his own time sheet by those amounts.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00044-00018668-00019048": "This resulted in hundreds of dollars in lost wages a month just from myself, let alone", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00045-00019048-00019344": "everyone else he did this to.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00046-00019344-00019751": "Another way that wage theft can occur is denial of holiday pay or paid leave.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00047-00019751-00020159": "I have not experienced this form of wage theft myself, mainly due to holiday pay and paid", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00048-00020159-00020480": "leave not being benefits I had in my jobs.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00049-00020480-00020912": "If your job is supposed to pay holiday pay and doesn't, that isn't just a little mistake.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00050-00020912-00021059": "That is theft.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00051-00021059-00021530": "You aren't \"not getting something extra,\" YOU ARE HAVING SOMETHING THAT IS RIGHTFULLY", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00052-00021530-00021781": "YOURS TAKEN FROM YOU.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00053-00021781-00021906": "That's theft.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00054-00021906-00022410": "In fact, I currently work for a company that has a history of this exact form of wage theft,", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00055-00022410-00022856": "so there's a very good chance that the \"I haven't experienced this form of wage theft", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00056-00022856-00023235": "myself\" statement won't be true for much longer.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00057-00023346-00023528": "Then there's tip theft.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00058-00023529-00023659": "This one is harder to track.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00059-00023659-00023990": "If you work at one of the jobs where your pay is supplemented by tips - usually these", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00060-00023990-00024360": "jobs pay subminimum wage - then you have to be especially wary of this.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00061-00024360-00024838": "This is absolutely a thing I have experienced in the past, and it's among the vilest things", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00062-00024838-00025078": "an employer can do to an employee.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00063-00025138-00025522": "The next form of wage theft after tip theft is far sneakier:", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00064-00025556-00025756": "Off-the-clock labor.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00065-00025830-00026282": "Employers may require you to do job-related activities before or after your shift.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00066-00026350-00026724": "My previous employer had employees put up signs in nearby neighborhoods advertising", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00067-00026730-00027112": "her restaurant, had us do spot cleaning and other \"light duties\" when off the clock, and", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00068-00027112-00027483": "by other means extracted labor from us when we weren't being paid for it.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00069-00027588-00028038": "The next form of wage theft is harder to defend, though all of these are indefensible:", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00070-00028048-00028266": "Wage underpayment.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00071-00028282-00028674": "Different from time theft, wage underpayment is when, for one reason or another", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00072-00028720-00028920": "[scoffs] \"REASON\" or another", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00073-00028944-00029444": "...your hourly wage (or weekly/monthly/annual salary) is less than you were contracted for.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00074-00029444-00029966": "This is not (quite) the same as a pay cut, though your thieving employer may describe", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00075-00029966-00030066": "it as one.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00076-00030066-00030522": "The crucial difference between a pay cut and wage underpayment, however, is the phrase", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00077-00030522-00030800": "\"than you were contracted for.\"", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00078-00030800-00031389": "Cutting someone's pay without informing them is a breach of contract, and that makes it a form of wage theft.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00079-00031424-00031680": "[goes off-script] If they DO announce a pay cut to you", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00080-00031780-00031960": "BEFORE it is enacted", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00081-00032008-00032289": "It's not LEGALLY wage theft", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00082-00032289-00032460": "but still something to watch out for. [returns to script]", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00083-00032482-00032812": "The final one on the list is a rarer one - deduction", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00084-00032813-00032913": "theft.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00085-00032913-00033412": "Making an employee pay for losses or expenses incurred by them is a protected legal action,", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00086-00033412-00033756": "as long as it does not reduce the employee's wages below minimum wage.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00087-00033756-00034208": "However, invoking those deductions for something that the employee is not responsible or liable", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00088-00034208-00034446": "for is a form of theft.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00089-00034446-00035064": "That makes a round half dozen ways employers are stealing BILLIONS from the people they are", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00090-00035064-00035533": "already exploiting, and that multi-billion-dollar graft is the thing that companies are built", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00091-00035533-00035633": "from.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00092-00035633-00035825": "Oh well, system sucks.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00093-00035825-00036014": "What are you gonna do about it?", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00094-00036014-00036125": "Well?", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00095-00036125-00036474": "What ARE you gonna do about it?", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00096-00036474-00037099": "And more importantly: Do you trust your employer?", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00097-00037099-00037503": "After everything I've told you, do you trust your employer?", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00098-00037503-00037841": "If this happens to you, do you trust your employer?", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00099-00037841-00038278": "If so, I guess you can just talk to them, see where that gets you.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00100-00038458-00038650": "But if not?", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00101-00038650-00038990": "You need to arm yourself for the fight ahead, and I'm here to provide you with the keys", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00102-00038990-00039270": "to the armory.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00103-00039270-00039742": "The first weapon in your arn-- arsenal is the knowledge of what can be done to you.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00104-00039742-00039913": "You have that now.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00105-00039913-00040058": "Treasure it, it's like a gambeson.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00106-00040058-00040414": "It won't save your life on its own, but it will absolutely provide a foundation for the", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00107-00040414-00040700": "armor to go atop it.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00108-00040701-00041160": "The second weapon is the ability to recognize when it's being done to you.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00109-00041160-00041352": "Let's get that for you now.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00110-00041352-00041667": "Since there are multiple avenues of attack, you're going to need multiple tools to deal", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00111-00041667-00041767": "with this.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00112-00041767-00041951": "We'll start with time theft.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00113-00041951-00042162": "Do you own a smart phone?", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00114-00042162-00042508": "If not, how about a pen and notebook?", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00115-00042508-00043227": "Okay, this is what you do: On your smartphone, go to sheets.google.com - if you're doing", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00116-00043227-00043816": "the pen and paper route, you'll want a pocket-sized spiral notebook for convenience [stifled belch]", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00117-00043816-00044212": "Now, while the notebook people are still waiting, you have one more step.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00118-00044214-00044422": "You will need to create a new spreadsheet.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00119-00044422-00044634": "Call it \"Time Sheet.\"", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00120-00044634-00045177": "Now, notebook people, take out your notebook and pen and draw vertical lines down the pages.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00121-00045177-00045470": "You're gonna want four lines, as straight as you can make them.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00122-00045568-00045830": "Now you have a spreadsheet!", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00123-00045830-00046117": "Now, both phone and notebook people, you're going to label your columns.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00124-00046117-00046220": "The first column is \"date.\"", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00125-00046220-00046395": "The second is \"clock in.\"", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00126-00046395-00046516": "The third is \"clock out.\"", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00127-00046516-00046693": "And the final one is \"Memo.\"", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00128-00046693-00046831": "That's it.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00129-00046831-00047354": "Now, whenever you clock in or out, you write the exact same time and date in your spreadsheet.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00130-00047354-00047621": "Do you do two different types of work for two different pay rates?", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00131-00047621-00047833": "That's what the \"memo\" field is for.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00132-00047833-00048093": "If you like, I've linked to a template in the description.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00133-00048093-00048577": "You can save a copy of that and just use it instead of making a new one.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00134-00048577-00048891": "Keep that time sheet up RELIGIOUSLY.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00135-00048891-00048991": "Clock in.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00136-00048991-00049303": "Write your time in your spreadsheet.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00137-00049303-00049628": "Do the same at clock out.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00138-00049628-00049732": "EVERY.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00139-00049808-00049892": "SINGLE.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00140-00049922-00049988": "TIME.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00141-00050206-00050440": "Now, at the time I wrote this script,", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00142-00050440-00050886": "I was looking directly at a time sheet I kept from my second security job", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00143-00050904-00051090": "from December of 2012.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00144-00051090-00051647": "I kept it because the first security job I had was the one that stole hours from me.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00145-00051729-00052134": "At the time, I was working security at the Texas Workforce Commission.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00146-00052134-00052338": "More on them later.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00147-00052338-00052819": "I prefer the Google Docs method to the physical copy because your employer can't confiscate", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00148-00052819-00053150": "Google from you, nor can you lose it yourself.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00149-00053150-00053482": "Even if they take your phone, or you lose it, the time sheet will still be on Google's", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00150-00053482-00053688": "servers for you to access from anyplace.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00151-00053722-00054070": "I've gone through three phones since that time sheet from 2012!", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00152-00054148-00054317": "Public libraries have internet access.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00153-00054317-00054805": "And if you have a wage claim, the ability to show your hours will be invaluable.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00154-00054810-00055012": "You're not done yet, though.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00155-00055012-00055266": "I recommend creating a new spreadsheet every pay period.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00156-00055266-00055666": "If you're using the Google Sheets method, you can save the blank version as a template", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00157-00055666-00056216": "(or just refer back to mine) and create duplicates with the pay period listed in the name.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00158-00056216-00056599": "When your paycheck comes, compare your copy to the pay stub.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00159-00056599-00056777": "Don't have a pay stub?", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00160-00056777-00057241": "In all but a few states in the US, your employer is required to give you one with your check.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00161-00057241-00057617": "If you have direct deposit, you may be receiving the paystub electronically.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00162-00057617-00057729": "Check your email.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00163-00057729-00058111": "If you still don't have it, ask your employer to provide you with one.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00164-00058111-00058554": "If they won't, I refer you back to my earlier statement: In all but a few states in the", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00165-00058554-00058891": "US, your employer is required to give you a pay stub.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00166-00058891-00059186": "I'm gonna reinforce that by saying, if you're employer won't give you a pay stub", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00167-00059186-00059364": "even if it's not required?", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00168-00059420-00059600": "You're gonna want to find a better job", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00169-00059600-00059767": "'cause they're hiding something.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00170-00059988-00060348": "If the hours match, everything else should be fine.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00171-00060348-00060685": "If they don't, you now know that you've been a victim of wage theft.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00172-00060685-00060952": "And the clock is ticking.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00173-00060952-00061223": "We'll address that clock later.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00174-00061223-00061510": "For holiday pay or leave, you'll still need that pay stub.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00175-00061510-00062106": "Holiday pay is usually double the rate of your normal pay. It may be time-and-a-half.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00176-00062106-00062569": "Your pay stub should list all holiday hours as a separate line item, with the holiday", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00177-00062569-00062769": "pay as the pay rate for those hours.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00178-00062769-00063116": "If they're lumped in with your regular hours, and you have holiday pay as a benefit from", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00179-00063116-00063216": "your employer?", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00180-00063216-00063413": "You're being robbed.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00181-00063413-00063811": "Literally a theft is being comitted against you.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00182-00063811-00063991": "Tip theft is harder to track or prove.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00183-00063991-00064349": "If you work at a job with communal tips, where all employees pool and then split their tips,", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00184-00064349-00064530": "it may be impossible.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00185-00064530-00065029": "If not, keep your tips neatly sorted - stacked, faced, and sorted by denomination - and count", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00186-00065029-00065161": "them at intervals.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00187-00065161-00065536": "This one is all about literally keeping an eye on your money.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00188-00065536-00066023": "Electronic tips, through the customer's check, are the best avenue of exploitation, so make", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00189-00066023-00066539": "sure to keep a physical tally - notebook or google sheets - of those as well, but beyond", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00190-00066540-00066904": "that, I can't really offer you advice on how to track this one.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00191-00066904-00067158": "Go with what suits you best.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00192-00067170-00067434": "But absolutely keep track of your tips.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00193-00067602-00067960": "Now as tough as that one is to track, this next one is a lot harder to deal with", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00194-00067960-00068218": "because it requires being rude.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00195-00068274-00068477": "Off-the-clock labor.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00196-00068536-00068850": "This takes willpower and it takes courage.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00197-00068922-00069232": "This isn't a thing that you can track.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00198-00069232-00069505": "It's a thing you have to prevent.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00199-00069505-00069880": "A good rule of thumb for anything work related", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00200-00069880-00070026": "and, in fact, the law", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00201-00070026-00070304": "is that if your boss requires you to be somewhere", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00202-00070304-00070844": "or do something, the law requires them to pay you for it.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00203-00070844-00070958": "That's it.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00204-00070958-00071447": "Does your boss require everyone to be on-hand for a meeting, even if it's not their shift?", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00205-00071447-00071568": "CLOCK IN.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00206-00071568-00071788": "Put it in your spreadsheet.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00207-00071788-00071838": "TRACK.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00208-00071838-00071888": "TRACK. THAT.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00209-00071888-00071976": "TRACK. THAT. SHIT.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00210-00072164-00072286": "NEVER.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00211-00072306-00072356": "EVER.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00212-00072478-00072556": "*EVER*.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00213-00072608-00072784": "DO WORK OFF THE CLOCK.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00214-00072954-00073202": "Don't HELP them steal from you, come on, now.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00215-00073202-00073501": "If your employer tells you to clock out when you've clocked in, then ask them straight", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00216-00073501-00073645": "up if you can leave.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00217-00073645-00073958": "If they say \"no,\" DO NOT CLOCK OUT.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00218-00073958-00074395": "If you're required to be there, they're required to pay you.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00219-00074396-00074694": "THAT IS WHAT A JOB IS.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00220-00074820-00074929": "That's why this one is tough.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00221-00074929-00075312": "You have to be able to stand up to a person who seemingly has all of the power, and remind", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00222-00075312-00075724": "them that there is one power YOU have that they don't: YOU control you.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00223-00075724-00076087": "You decide where you are, and if they don't pay you to be somewhere, you can decide not", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00224-00076087-00076197": "to be there.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00225-00076197-00076296": "AND YOU ABSOLUTELY SHOULD.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00226-00076450-00076938": "The final two items on our list are underpayment and deductions, and one defense covers both", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00227-00076939-00077039": "of those.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00228-00077039-00077405": "Here's where your time sheet and your pay stub come in handy again.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00229-00077405-00077819": "On your pay stub, if you have it, your hourly wage should be listed.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00230-00077819-00078062": "Does it match what you've agreed to?", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00231-00078062-00078331": "Multiply it by your total hours.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00232-00078332-00078640": "Does that match your gross pay on your pay stub?", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00233-00078640-00079060": "Once you subtract any deductions, which should also be listed on your paystub -", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00234-00079060-00079360": "You see why I said you gotta get a paystub?", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00235-00079368-00079704": "- you should have your net pay, or the actual amount of your paycheck.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00236-00079704-00080106": "All of that should match what you have in your timesheet that you've written down", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00237-00080154-00080699": "And once you've gotten that first check, with those numbers, and everything adds up correctly?", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00238-00080699-00080868": "You can use them to prepare yourself for the future.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00239-00080868-00081274": "If your tax is being withheld for you, then all you have to do is divide the amount withheld", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00240-00081274-00081775": "by the gross pay (not the other way around) to get the percentage withheld.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00241-00081775-00081925": "That should be consistent between checks.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00242-00081925-00082348": "Once you have those numbers from either doing the math or getting them from the IRS itself", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00243-00082348-00082773": "(they have an online withholding estimator), you can apply that math to the hours on your", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00244-00082773-00083191": "personal time sheet and get what your paycheck should be before you see it.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00245-00083191-00083642": "If it's not that, you've got a problem, and it's either the amount you're being paid per", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00246-00083642-00083870": "hour or it's the amount deducted.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00247-00083870-00084187": "Again, this is where you need that pay stub from your employer.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00248-00084187-00084480": "Check your stub, and you should see both of those numbers on there.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00249-00084480-00084586": "Look for any \"errors.\"", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00250-00084586-00084692": "They're not errors.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00251-00084692-00084792": "It's theft.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00252-00084792-00085088": "So what do you do if you're the victim of wage theft?", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00253-00085088-00085275": "How do you address that grievance?", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00254-00085275-00085504": "SMASH EVERYTHING AND TAKE WHAT YOU want wait", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00255-00085504-00085675": "i mean", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00256-00085675-00085775": "not that", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00257-00085775-00085875": "Hang on.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00258-00085875-00085975": "WAGE CLAIMS", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00259-00085975-00086512": "Wage Claims are exactly that - it's a civil process through a government agency to reclaim", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00260-00086512-00086682": "wages that you are owed.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00261-00086682-00087117": "Again, I will be using my home state of Texas as the example, but the process and rights", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00262-00087117-00087418": "you have may vary depending on where you live.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00263-00087418-00087796": "In the state of Texas, you file a wage claim with the Texas Workforce Commission.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00264-00087834-00088066": "I told you I'd be getting back to them eventually!", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00265-00088106-00088444": "You will need to provide your own legal information,", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00266-00088444-00088814": "Name, SSAN or ITIN (individual tax ID number),", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00267-00088842-00088940": "um", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00268-00089018-00089492": "your address, your employer's information - specifically the name of the company", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00269-00089492-00089982": "and their address which you should be able to get from any of your paystubs", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00270-00089982-00090230": "and you will need to provide", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00271-00090230-00091058": "the time and date of the - or the date RANGE, excuse me - of the pay dispute", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00272-00091168-00091440": "and the hours worked.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00273-00091522-00092213": "The deadline for this with the TWC is six months from the date of your paycheck.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00274-00092213-00092758": "Do NOT - I repeat DO NOT - delay your wage claim just because your boss says they'll", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00275-00092758-00092941": "take care of it.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00276-00092941-00093226": "They're running out the clock. I fell for that once, myself.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00277-00093226-00093326": "FILE THE CLAIM.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00278-00093326-00093820": "While it is illegal for your employer to retaliate against you for this claim, we all know that's", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00279-00093820-00094267": "unlikely to affect their behavior, so your next steps are to seek the aid of a labor", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00280-00094267-00094432": "rights organization.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00281-00094432-00094841": "A union would be best, because they're in a position to fight for you.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00282-00094841-00095074": "You'll also probably want a lawyer.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00283-00095150-00095274": "Now.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00284-00095312-00095643": "I can't promise results from all this.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00285-00095643-00096227": "But I can promise that if you don't prepare to defend yourself from wage theft, the only", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00286-00096227-00096638": "result you'll get is to be a victim of it sooner or later.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00287-00096638-00097100": "Good luck, everyone, and Blessed be.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00288-00097356-00097802": "At the time I was working security AT THE TEXAS WORKFORCE COMMISSION [music starts playing in background]", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00289-00097802-00098076": "and I just leaned off camera so let's just fix that.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00290-00098076-00098126": "*AHEM*", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00291-00098246-00098296": "[static]", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00292-00098310-00098596": "In one case, my hours and others as well were being reduced", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00293-00098596-00099074": "so that my superfly-visor... BLAH. BLEFGHLETIKILA [deep breath]", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00294-00099074-00099282": "[sigh] Okay, we're rewinding.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00295-00099290-00099514": "[fake rewinding noises]", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00296-00099526-00099576": "[static]", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00297-00099576-00100018": "And one defense covers both of those. Here's where your time sheet and your paystub come in [text alert] handy again.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00298-00100118-00100452": "And now Ihave to do that sentence over. THANK YOU, PHONE.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00299-00100526-00100782": "Was that Anna texting me, telling me to shut up?", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00300-00100782-00100924": "No, that was Netflix.", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00301-00100976-00101080": "telling me....", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00302-00101080-00101226": "that... [FANGIRL GASPING]", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00303-00101404-00101524": "OH IT'S TOMORROW!", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00304-00101656-00101856": "Kipo season three, F--K YEAH!", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00305-00101862-00101950": "[music ends]", "bH_sVM8DbJy-00306-00101964-00102196": "[Thank you for watching.]"}}, {"audio_id": "bHB2EBqmpD4", "text": {"bHB2EBqmpD4-00000-00000000-00000200": "Hello Views Welcome To My Channel", "bHB2EBqmpD4-00001-00000200-00000400": "Who is Level 220", "bHB2EBqmpD4-00002-00001227-00001427": "Please Subscribe My Channel"}}, {"audio_id": "bHNGmsJqzbo", "text": {"bHNGmsJqzbo-00000-00000000-00000224": "Recording the Chorus of the word \"Solution\"", "bHNGmsJqzbo-00001-00000224-00000320": "at the Studios Mundano, April 2014", "bHNGmsJqzbo-00002-00000347-00000563": "We are gonna work on two words. Ok?", "bHNGmsJqzbo-00003-00000605-00000831": "The first word, is the word solution", "bHNGmsJqzbo-00004-00000861-00001084": "in three moments SO - LU - TION", "bHNGmsJqzbo-00005-00001096-00001326": "Please Saito, let them take a listen to the track", "bHNGmsJqzbo-00006-00001626-00001820": "SO - LU - TION", "bHNGmsJqzbo-00007-00001844-00001954": "that's it. Let's go and record it", "bHNGmsJqzbo-00008-00001977-00002177": "(people laughing)", "bHNGmsJqzbo-00009-00002188-00002388": "Ok, we are gonna do eight of those, ok?", "bHNGmsJqzbo-00010-00002388-00002570": "(people laughing)", "bHNGmsJqzbo-00011-00002572-00002811": "SO - LU - TION", "bHNGmsJqzbo-00012-00002811-00003009": "SO - LU -TION", "bHNGmsJqzbo-00013-00003012-00003365": "SO - LU -TION", "bHNGmsJqzbo-00014-00003365-00003682": "You're becoming part of the SO - LU - TION", "bHNGmsJqzbo-00015-00003711-00004046": "(Brando's logo appear, that's the name of the band)", "bHNGmsJqzbo-00016-00004228-00004768": "you're listening to the song \"Part of the Problem\"", "bHNGmsJqzbo-00017-00004793-00004993": "ok, do we have it?.", "bHNGmsJqzbo-00018-00004993-00005077": "one more", "bHNGmsJqzbo-00019-00005078-00005500": "Follow our music on this link facebook.com/brandorockandroll"}}, {"audio_id": "bIokELGjz-0", "text": {"bIokELGjz-0-00000-00000041-00000252": "Hello, and welcome back to Flashie and Puddles.", "bIokELGjz-0-00001-00000252-00000448": "I’m your host, Puddles.", "bIokELGjz-0-00002-00000448-00000735": "So, you just got your first character to 110?", "bIokELGjz-0-00003-00000735-00000835": "Good job!", "bIokELGjz-0-00004-00000835-00001241": "Now it’s time to do mythic dungeons, raids, and PvP, right?", "bIokELGjz-0-00005-00001241-00001430": "Well, not quite yet.", "bIokELGjz-0-00006-00001430-00001811": "Once you hit 110, you’re not even halfway through this expansion’s content, and on", "bIokELGjz-0-00007-00001811-00002171": "top of that, you’re not even closed to geared enough to do any of the endgame stuff.", "bIokELGjz-0-00008-00002171-00002406": "Well, what is a new player to do?", "bIokELGjz-0-00009-00002406-00003043": "It seems like a daunting challenge to go from low 800 or high 700 ilvl to mid-low 900 ilvl,", "bIokELGjz-0-00010-00003043-00003380": "and another challenge to finish all of the current content, but fear not!", "bIokELGjz-0-00011-00003380-00003844": "We’re going to give you a quick rundown of what you should do once you hit 110, and what order", "bIokELGjz-0-00012-00003844-00003978": "you should do it in.", "bIokELGjz-0-00013-00003978-00004317": "Of course, you’re free to do whatever you want, in whatever order you want, but this", "bIokELGjz-0-00014-00004317-00004603": "is a fairly good order to do it in.", "bIokELGjz-0-00015-00004603-00004961": "For this guide, I’m going to assume that this is your first 110, and therefore have", "bIokELGjz-0-00016-00004961-00005157": "no bind on account tokens.", "bIokELGjz-0-00017-00005157-00005696": "If this is not the case, use these tokens first for a free piece of item level 880 gear.", "bIokELGjz-0-00018-00005696-00006221": "Now, as soon as you hit 110, you need to do three quick things before you do anything", "bIokELGjz-0-00019-00006221-00006321": "else.", "bIokELGjz-0-00020-00006321-00006531": "First, go to Khadgar in Dalaran.", "bIokELGjz-0-00021-00006531-00006884": "He will have some quests for you, and will give you an item called “Flight Master’s", "bIokELGjz-0-00022-00006884-00006984": "Whistle”.", "bIokELGjz-0-00023-00006984-00007347": "This item is incredibly useful until you get legion flying, as it will readily teleport", "bIokELGjz-0-00024-00007347-00007594": "you to the nearest flight master.", "bIokELGjz-0-00025-00007594-00007947": "While in Dalaran, you should also talk to Archmage Lan’dalok.", "bIokELGjz-0-00026-00007947-00008282": "He will sell you up to three seals of broken fate per week.", "bIokELGjz-0-00027-00008282-00008775": "These seals can be used for re-rolling loot on bosses, which is really helpful while gearing.", "bIokELGjz-0-00028-00008775-00009025": "Make sure to get all three seals per week from him!", "bIokELGjz-0-00029-00009025-00009226": "The count resets every Tuesday.", "bIokELGjz-0-00030-00009326-00009720": "You should also hit up Archmage Timear, as he gives a weekly bonus quest that will reward", "bIokELGjz-0-00031-00009720-00009912": "you with some decent gear.", "bIokELGjz-0-00032-00009912-00010392": "As a new 110, you should be able to complete all of these quests, except for pet battle,", "bIokELGjz-0-00033-00010392-00010642": "arena, and mythic week.", "bIokELGjz-0-00034-00010642-00010829": "The next stop is your order hall.", "bIokELGjz-0-00035-00010829-00011103": "They will give you a helmet for just reaching 110.", "bIokELGjz-0-00036-00011103-00011583": "It starts out at ilvl 810, but can be upgraded to 830 for really cheap.", "bIokELGjz-0-00037-00011583-00011903": "You should therefore immediately upgrade this to 830.", "bIokELGjz-0-00038-00011903-00012239": "While in your order hall, check on your class campaign advancement, and your order hall", "bIokELGjz-0-00039-00012239-00012592": "upgrades, as new stuff for both of these will unlock at 110.", "bIokELGjz-0-00040-00012592-00013075": "So, to start off, you need to finish the basic overworld questline for all four zones", "bIokELGjz-0-00041-00013075-00013222": "on the Broken isles.", "bIokELGjz-0-00042-00013222-00013586": "This will be important for later questlines, and will also provide you with four pieces", "bIokELGjz-0-00043-00013586-00014041": "of ilvl 800 gear, which is a good start with the process of gearing up.", "bIokELGjz-0-00044-00014041-00014413": "Not to mention that completing every zone on the Broken Isles is a requirement for unlocking", "bIokELGjz-0-00045-00014413-00014599": "Legion flying.", "bIokELGjz-0-00046-00014599-00014949": "Then it's back to your class hall to do as much stuff in the campaign as possible, before", "bIokELGjz-0-00047-00014949-00015234": "it becomes time gated with follower missions.", "bIokELGjz-0-00048-00015234-00015566": "Even when this happens, and you move on to the next step, you should always send your", "bIokELGjz-0-00049-00015566-00015926": "followers on these missions as soon as they become available.", "bIokELGjz-0-00050-00015926-00016284": "There will be a quest in your class campaign to complete a certain number of world quests,", "bIokELGjz-0-00051-00016284-00016568": "so I guess that this is a good place to talk about them.", "bIokELGjz-0-00052-00016568-00016963": "World quests are spread out through all Legion zones, and each day there will be a new Emissary", "bIokELGjz-0-00053-00016963-00017066": "available.", "bIokELGjz-0-00054-00017066-00017428": "If you complete four quests in the Emissary’s zone, you will be able to turn them in for", "bIokELGjz-0-00055-00017428-00017676": "bonus loot, and a decent amount of AP.", "bIokELGjz-0-00056-00017676-00018110": "The exception to this being The Wardens, and The Kirin Tor, as they do not have a set zone,", "bIokELGjz-0-00057-00018110-00018234": "and are scattered throughout the Broken Isles.", "bIokELGjz-0-00058-00018258-00018532": "Anyway, going back to the guide.", "bIokELGjz-0-00059-00018552-00018874": "This is where things split into a few different paths that you could take, and it all depends", "bIokELGjz-0-00060-00018892-00019146": "on what you want to prioritize", "bIokELGjz-0-00061-00019168-00019582": "As far as I see it, there are three ways that a person might want to experience being a", "bIokELGjz-0-00062-00019582-00019720": "new 110.", "bIokELGjz-0-00063-00019720-00020068": "The first is going through the story in proper chronological order.", "bIokELGjz-0-00064-00020068-00020375": "If you want to do this, then your next step is to head down to Suramar.", "bIokELGjz-0-00065-00020375-00020718": "You should already have a quest from Khadgar to start this off.", "bIokELGjz-0-00066-00020718-00021164": "If you want to prioritize getting flying, or gearing up first, I recommend going to", "bIokELGjz-0-00067-00021164-00021269": "the Broken Shore.", "bIokELGjz-0-00068-00021269-00021718": "Again, Khadgar should have already provided you with a quest to do so.", "bIokELGjz-0-00069-00021718-00022145": "After this, for those of you who want to do the story in order, head on over to the Broken", "bIokELGjz-0-00070-00022145-00022267": "Shore.", "bIokELGjz-0-00071-00022267-00022584": "For those of you who want flying first, go to Suramar.", "bIokELGjz-0-00072-00022584-00022878": "With your new gear from the Broken Shore, you should be able to blast your way through", "bIokELGjz-0-00073-00022878-00023092": "Suramar with no problem.", "bIokELGjz-0-00074-00023092-00023540": "For those of you interested solely in gearing up, you're going to Argus, which Velen should", "bIokELGjz-0-00075-00023540-00023720": "have a quest for already.", "bIokELGjz-0-00076-00023720-00024206": "Our last stop for people doing the content in order, and for our flying friends, is Argus,", "bIokELGjz-0-00077-00024206-00024541": "and for our gearing friends, head to Suramar.", "bIokELGjz-0-00078-00024541-00024819": "Now, let's go over why I chose this order.", "bIokELGjz-0-00079-00024819-00025057": "For the chronological one, that's pretty self explanatory.", "bIokELGjz-0-00080-00025057-00025313": "It's just the order in which the content came out.", "bIokELGjz-0-00081-00025313-00025675": "For the gearing one, I recommend starting on the Broken Shore, rather than jumping right", "bIokELGjz-0-00082-00025675-00026085": "into Argus, as this is a massive difficulty increase, and you won't be able to do all", "bIokELGjz-0-00083-00026085-00026513": "that well until you're at least ilvl 850, which you should be able to get fairly easily", "bIokELGjz-0-00084-00026513-00026966": "on the Broken Shore with the Dauntless tokens, available from Warmage Kath’leen.", "bIokELGjz-0-00085-00026966-00027314": "Once you have this ilvl, you can shoot off to Argus, and start working on better gear", "bIokELGjz-0-00086-00027314-00027627": "with Veiled Argunite, which I'll get to in a few minutes.", "bIokELGjz-0-00087-00027627-00028001": "After finishing Argus, you should just get Suramar out of the way, as it rewards a decent", "bIokELGjz-0-00088-00028001-00028377": "amount of AP, and helps you get flying, which is a lot more useful than you may think it", "bIokELGjz-0-00089-00028377-00028477": "is.", "bIokELGjz-0-00090-00028477-00028901": "For flying, the reason why I say Broken Shore first is the same as the gearing one.", "bIokELGjz-0-00091-00028901-00029310": "You can get gear a lot faster on the Broken Shore than you can in Suramar, which really", "bIokELGjz-0-00092-00029310-00029641": "helps with questing, especially in Suramar City.", "bIokELGjz-0-00093-00029641-00029986": "Completing both the Suramar storyline and the Broken Shore storylines are requirements", "bIokELGjz-0-00094-00029986-00030131": "for getting flying anyway.", "bIokELGjz-0-00095-00030131-00030443": "Then it's off to Argus to get geared up!", "bIokELGjz-0-00096-00030443-00030748": "And don't forget, while you're doing all of this, to finish your class hall campaign,", "bIokELGjz-0-00097-00030748-00031008": "as this is a requirement for the Broken Shore questline.", "bIokELGjz-0-00098-00031008-00031470": "Now, at some point in all of this, you will hit ilvl 825, and you can start on Looking", "bIokELGjz-0-00099-00031470-00031714": "For Raid, otherwise known as LFR.", "bIokELGjz-0-00100-00031714-00032102": "I recommend clearing as much of LFR as you can every week while trying to get geared", "bIokELGjz-0-00101-00032102-00032202": "up.", "bIokELGjz-0-00102-00032202-00032549": "It's super simple, and no one really minds carrying low people, as most of them outgear", "bIokELGjz-0-00103-00032549-00032727": "the content anyway.", "bIokELGjz-0-00104-00032727-00033187": "This is also a nice introduction to raiding, but it's not really like regular raiding,", "bIokELGjz-0-00105-00033187-00033569": "which I will be talking about in next week's video, “Intro to Raiding”.", "bIokELGjz-0-00106-00033569-00033678": "Alright, cool.", "bIokELGjz-0-00107-00033678-00034101": "But all of that, you're still probably only high 800’s, low 900’s, and you really", "bIokELGjz-0-00108-00034101-00034285": "want to raid, or PvP!", "bIokELGjz-0-00109-00034285-00034754": "Well, this is where the Argus catchup system of Veiled Argunite comes in.", "bIokELGjz-0-00110-00034754-00035324": "In short, you can use Veiled Argunite to purchase ilvl 910 gear from a vendor onboard the Vindicaar.", "bIokELGjz-0-00111-00035324-00035687": "This is a nice and easy way to gear up your character, and unlike Nethershards from the", "bIokELGjz-0-00112-00035687-00036048": "Broken Shore, there's no other use for this currency.", "bIokELGjz-0-00113-00036048-00036536": "Since this is going to be a really important currency, I recommend showing it on your backpack.", "bIokELGjz-0-00114-00036536-00037147": "To do so, press shift+c to open your currency page, click on Veiled Argunite, and select", "bIokELGjz-0-00115-00037147-00037315": "“show on backpack”.", "bIokELGjz-0-00116-00037315-00037718": "Keep in mind that you can only display three currencies at a time on your backpack in addition", "bIokELGjz-0-00117-00037718-00038041": "to your gold, which is always displayed on your backpack.", "bIokELGjz-0-00118-00038041-00038477": "So, how does one gather this super useful currency?", "bIokELGjz-0-00119-00038477-00038887": "Every chest and rare spawn in Argus will drop some amount of Veiled Argunite.", "bIokELGjz-0-00120-00038887-00039377": "In addition, Illidan and Turalion both give a quest once a week which will reward a decent", "bIokELGjz-0-00121-00039377-00039530": "amount of Argunite.", "bIokELGjz-0-00122-00039530-00040021": "You also get some from Emissary caches from both Argus factions, and completing invasion", "bIokELGjz-0-00123-00040021-00040199": "points on Argus.", "bIokELGjz-0-00124-00040199-00040668": "Speaking of invasion points, once a week there will be a greater invasion on Argus.", "bIokELGjz-0-00125-00040668-00041075": "You want to do this every single week, and always use a bonus roll on it.", "bIokELGjz-0-00126-00041075-00041565": "These bosses will drop ilvl 930 gear, so it's well worth your bonus roll on it.", "bIokELGjz-0-00127-00041565-00041802": "You will need to find a group to take them down, though.", "bIokELGjz-0-00128-00041802-00042380": "To do this, open the group finder with i, select the premade groups, select custom,", "bIokELGjz-0-00129-00042380-00042502": "and search for the boss’ name.", "bIokELGjz-0-00130-00042502-00042822": "Click on a group that looks good and sign up.", "bIokELGjz-0-00131-00042822-00043227": "Well, that's all good, but there's still one more source of gear that we should talk about", "bIokELGjz-0-00132-00043227-00043618": "before we jump into raiding: Mythic dungeons.", "bIokELGjz-0-00133-00043618-00044027": "At first glance, Mythic dungeons just seem like regular dungeons, but where everything", "bIokELGjz-0-00134-00044027-00044180": "hits harder.", "bIokELGjz-0-00135-00044180-00044510": "Then you start to look at the differences, and you can see that they're not really that", "bIokELGjz-0-00136-00044510-00044634": "alike at all.", "bIokELGjz-0-00137-00044634-00045091": "The first difference is that there is no way to automatically group up for mythic dungeons.", "bIokELGjz-0-00138-00045091-00045510": "You need to either group up with friends, or manually use the group finder.", "bIokELGjz-0-00139-00045510-00045827": "The second difference is that mythic dungeons have levels.", "bIokELGjz-0-00140-00045827-00046337": "They start at +0, which is the baseline mythic dungeon, and anyone can run any +0, provided", "bIokELGjz-0-00141-00046337-00046604": "that they have the correct item level.", "bIokELGjz-0-00142-00046604-00047035": "After your first mythic dungeon of the week, you will be rewarded with a mythic keystone,", "bIokELGjz-0-00143-00047035-00047542": "which lets you get into higher level mythic dungeons, referred to as Mythic +, or M+.", "bIokELGjz-0-00144-00047542-00047843": "This keystone will be for a specific dungeon and difficulty.", "bIokELGjz-0-00145-00047843-00048255": "However, you do not need to use your keystone to get into a Mythic +.", "bIokELGjz-0-00146-00048255-00048644": "For instance, let's say that my keystone this week was for Vault of the Wardens +10.", "bIokELGjz-0-00147-00048644-00049050": "However, a group of my friends wanted to go to +7 Eye of Azshara.", "bIokELGjz-0-00148-00049050-00049490": "I could still go with this group, provided that one of them has the correct keystone.", "bIokELGjz-0-00149-00049490-00049978": "Also, the person who uses the keystone will get a new keystone at the end of the dungeon", "bIokELGjz-0-00150-00049978-00050397": "that will either be a higher, or lower level than the one that they used, depending on", "bIokELGjz-0-00151-00050397-00050628": "how quickly the group gets through.", "bIokELGjz-0-00152-00050628-00051041": "The third difference is that there is a time limit on all mythic plus dungeons.", "bIokELGjz-0-00153-00051041-00051424": "Although you can still complete the dungeon after the time limit has expired, you won't", "bIokELGjz-0-00154-00051424-00051790": "be able to upgrade your keystone, and less gear will drop.", "bIokELGjz-0-00155-00051790-00052240": "As you may have noticed from the picture of my keystone, there are what's known as affixes", "bIokELGjz-0-00156-00052240-00052467": "on higher level mythic dungeons.", "bIokELGjz-0-00157-00052467-00053062": "The first Affix occurring at +4, the 2nd at +7, and the 3rd at +10.", "bIokELGjz-0-00158-00053062-00053437": "These affixes add in New mechanics to the dungeon, but I'm not really going to go into", "bIokELGjz-0-00159-00053437-00053654": "depth about what they do here.", "bIokELGjz-0-00160-00053654-00054013": "There's a website called mythicpl.us that is chock full of information about the mythic", "bIokELGjz-0-00161-00054013-00054329": "plus system, and I will leave that link in the description.", "bIokELGjz-0-00162-00054329-00054661": "So, anyway, how does this help with trying to gear up?", "bIokELGjz-0-00163-00054661-00055102": "Well, Mythic plus dungeons will drop higher and higher levels of gear, depending on the", "bIokELGjz-0-00164-00055102-00055252": "level of the dungeon.", "bIokELGjz-0-00165-00055252-00055685": "In other words, you'll get a lot better gear from completing a +10 than you will from completing", "bIokELGjz-0-00166-00055685-00055795": "a +5.", "bIokELGjz-0-00167-00055795-00056339": "Also, if you complete a mythic + dungeon, even if it's not within the time limit, you", "bIokELGjz-0-00168-00056339-00056772": "will get a chest in your order hall on Tuesday, with a titanforged piece of gear from the", "bIokELGjz-0-00169-00056772-00057307": "highest mythic plus you completed the previous week, again, even if it's not within the time", "bIokELGjz-0-00170-00057307-00057407": "limit.", "bIokELGjz-0-00171-00057407-00057614": "Cool, so, what about raiding?", "bIokELGjz-0-00172-00057614-00058138": "Well, I'm going to have an entire video dedicated to raiding coming out next week, so stay tuned", "bIokELGjz-0-00173-00058138-00058242": "for that!", "bIokELGjz-0-00174-00058242-00058464": "Well, that's all for this video.", "bIokELGjz-0-00175-00058464-00058886": "if you have any questions, or you feel like I didn't cover something correctly, please", "bIokELGjz-0-00176-00058886-00059089": "leave a comment down below.", "bIokELGjz-0-00177-00059089-00059518": "If you like what I'm doing, and would like to see more of it, please like and subscribe.", "bIokELGjz-0-00178-00059518-00059744": "Other than that, have a wonderful day, everyone!"}}, {"audio_id": "bIr04zkW9kQ", "text": {"bIr04zkW9kQ-00000-00000000-00000287": "Namostu Maharaj Ji", "bIr04zkW9kQ-00001-00000305-00000505": "Eating hotel food due to its taste is like", "bIr04zkW9kQ-00002-00000505-00000639": "Waste going inside the stomach", "bIr04zkW9kQ-00003-00000639-00000949": "diseases become our guests and doctors perform tests", "bIr04zkW9kQ-00004-00000949-00001264": "Money goes waste", "bIr04zkW9kQ-00005-00001264-00001574": "How to explain this to our grandchildren", "bIr04zkW9kQ-00006-00001574-00001692": "that Indian food is all time best", "bIr04zkW9kQ-00007-00001804-00002027": "Create interest in them towards Indian food", "bIr04zkW9kQ-00008-00002434-00002534": "Prepare tasty food at home and give them", "bIr04zkW9kQ-00009-00002694-00002794": "Prepare tasty food at home and give them", "bIr04zkW9kQ-00010-00003068-00003657": "food should be so tasty that they forget the hotel food", "bIr04zkW9kQ-00011-00003657-00003838": "Mistake is at your side also", "bIr04zkW9kQ-00012-00003873-00003975": "Should I explain?", "bIr04zkW9kQ-00013-00004131-00004400": "It is said that \"don't eat outside\"", "bIr04zkW9kQ-00014-00004594-00004740": "but nowadays there is no tradition", "bIr04zkW9kQ-00015-00004783-00004906": "of making sweets like Ghevar", "bIr04zkW9kQ-00016-00005145-00005453": "You have stopped making such traditional food", "bIr04zkW9kQ-00017-00005453-00005743": "Women of today's generation have forgotten this art", "bIr04zkW9kQ-00018-00005887-00006166": "Again wake up the old tradition", "bIr04zkW9kQ-00019-00006263-00006415": "Again wake up the old tradition", "bIr04zkW9kQ-00020-00006510-00006765": "Create such an environment in home", "bIr04zkW9kQ-00021-00006765-00006910": "One family is in contact with me", "bIr04zkW9kQ-00022-00006990-00007303": "which doesn't have the tradition to eat food outside", "bIr04zkW9kQ-00023-00007303-00007605": "If anybody asks them to eat, then the child tells mother", "bIr04zkW9kQ-00024-00007605-00007705": "to make the food herself. we will not eat outside", "bIr04zkW9kQ-00025-00007713-00007855": "we will not eat outside", "bIr04zkW9kQ-00026-00007886-00008098": "Your food is better than outside food", "bIr04zkW9kQ-00027-00008185-00008433": "First follow this", "bIr04zkW9kQ-00028-00008433-00008681": "So their interests are created", "bIr04zkW9kQ-00029-00008770-00009029": "Second thing understand to person that", "bIr04zkW9kQ-00030-00009029-00009279": "what is the relation between food and body", "bIr04zkW9kQ-00031-00009404-00009694": "We should not eat for taste", "bIr04zkW9kQ-00032-00009702-00009907": "we should eat for good health", "bIr04zkW9kQ-00033-00009943-00010249": "If you create awareness about health", "bIr04zkW9kQ-00034-00010249-00010360": "from beginning then children won't eat", "bIr04zkW9kQ-00035-00010443-00010722": "children won't eat outside food.", "bIr04zkW9kQ-00036-00010722-00010872": "One more family is in my contact", "bIr04zkW9kQ-00037-00010915-00011196": "where nobody eats fast food", "bIr04zkW9kQ-00038-00011196-00011528": "There are small children in family. I asked them", "bIr04zkW9kQ-00039-00011528-00011826": "why don't you eat fast food?", "bIr04zkW9kQ-00040-00011826-00012119": "Don't you ever feel like eating? They answered", "bIr04zkW9kQ-00041-00012119-00012280": "The food which harms our body , why should we eat them?", "bIr04zkW9kQ-00042-00012330-00012520": "I am not talking about an ordinary family but", "bIr04zkW9kQ-00043-00012520-00012815": "I am talking about a high profile family", "bIr04zkW9kQ-00044-00012815-00013092": "whose children study in English medium schools", "bIr04zkW9kQ-00045-00013092-00013413": "whose children study in English medium school", "bIr04zkW9kQ-00046-00013413-00013674": "But those children know that", "bIr04zkW9kQ-00047-00013674-00013921": "fast food destroys or harms the body", "bIr04zkW9kQ-00048-00013921-00014197": "They tell this to their friends also", "bIr04zkW9kQ-00049-00014197-00014501": "we should eat only eat food that helps our body stays healthy", "bIr04zkW9kQ-00050-00014501-00014766": "and then we will live a long life", "bIr04zkW9kQ-00051-00014766-00015066": "we do not teach such things instead we only advice", "bIr04zkW9kQ-00052-00015066-00015298": "don't eat this and don't eat that", "bIr04zkW9kQ-00053-00015318-00015606": "Our task will not be complete just by that", "bIr04zkW9kQ-00054-00015625-00015922": "In real time we have to awaken correct", "bIr04zkW9kQ-00055-00015922-00016142": "interest in them."}}, {"audio_id": "bItxxJ-APJM", "text": {"bItxxJ-APJM-00000-00000017-00000621": "it is the last week of class - that's hard to believe!", "bItxxJ-APJM-00001-00000621-00001001": "The summer's gone pretty quickly -- it's been a lot of work! You guys have", "bItxxJ-APJM-00002-00001001-00001694": "done a lot, but but, yeah this is - this is it! So what's on tap this week? Well, let's", "bItxxJ-APJM-00003-00001694-00002151": "go to week five, and we'll see what we're going to do is learn how to use the", "bItxxJ-APJM-00004-00002151-00002508": "symbolic tool box in MATLAB, we're going to solve a few applied", "bItxxJ-APJM-00005-00002508-00003099": "mathematics problems, and do our final project. This one's going to be using", "bItxxJ-APJM-00006-00003099-00003539": "zybooks. One of their zyBooks labs. So this will be a little different from project", "bItxxJ-APJM-00007-00003539-00003951": "number one. So we have a discussion board question, and this one I'm really looking", "bItxxJ-APJM-00008-00003951-00004392": "for feedback on how you felt about zyBooks because we are using it for", "bItxxJ-APJM-00009-00004392-00004896": "the first time this semester. Originally the syllabus only had us working on", "bItxxJ-APJM-00010-00004896-00005436": "chapter 21, but after I realized those were only participation activities and", "bItxxJ-APJM-00011-00005436-00005882": "I'd have nothing to assign the challenge assignment grade to, I went ahead and", "bItxxJ-APJM-00012-00005882-00006453": "added just a few problems from chapter 18 and project two is in zyBooks-", "bItxxJ-APJM-00013-00006453-00006951": "it's zyBooks lab, and although I have the assignment up there, there's nothing to", "bItxxJ-APJM-00014-00006951-00007522": "turn in -- I'll go ahead and update the grade manually from Zhai books directly.", "bItxxJ-APJM-00015-00007522-00008054": "And - just in time -we just had a quick power flicker. There's a thunderstorm", "bItxxJ-APJM-00016-00008054-00008583": "coming in, so it's been a great semester! email me if you have questions and and", "bItxxJ-APJM-00017-00008583-00008939": "good luck in week 5!"}}, {"audio_id": "bIDzUh6x9S4", "text": {"bIDzUh6x9S4-00000-00000000-00000400": "In the first chapter of Ephesians Paul reviews God's original", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00001-00000400-00000900": "plan for the church. His original plan and purpose for the", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00002-00000900-00001400": "church. And he says that His original plan and purpose for the", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00003-00001400-00001800": "church from even before the beginning of time was to bless it with every", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00004-00001800-00002300": "spiritual blessing available in heaven.", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00005-00002300-00002800": "And he also reviews for his readers what those blessings are", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00006-00002900-00003300": "a way of encouraging them exhorting them. And then he", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00007-00003300-00003800": "changes the course of his prayer from Thanksgiving. You know he's giving", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00008-00003800-00004300": "thanks to God for having blessed the church with all of the spiritual", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00009-00004300-00004700": "blessings. He changes from doing that to a request for God", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00010-00004700-00005200": "to enable the Ephesians to truly grasp and appreciate the", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00011-00005200-00005700": "eternal glory that awaits them in heaven with Christ.", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00012-00006000-00006500": "I think that's a valid prayer because many", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00013-00006500-00007000": "times I've seen people have so many blessings just earthly blessings, good health,", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00014-00007000-00007500": "perhaps family, meaningful work and so on and so forth and they're not happy.", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00015-00007600-00008100": "So they have a lot of things. But the thing that's lacking is the ability", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00016-00008100-00008600": "to enjoy what they have. And so. Paul is", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00017-00008600-00009100": "describing all of the things that God has given to the church. And then", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00018-00009100-00009600": "his the second part of his prayer is please Lord give the church", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00019-00009700-00010000": "the ability to appreciate and enjoy", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00020-00010200-00010688": "what they already have in Christ. And then in the", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00021-00010700-00011100": "last verse he makes a kind of a transition or a bridge to get to his", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00022-00011100-00011600": "next topic which will be about the church itself it will", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00023-00011600-00011800": "center on the church itself.", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00024-00011900-00012400": "And so in chapter two he starts to discuss the sinful past of those who are now", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00025-00012400-00012800": "members of the church and how because of their", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00026-00012900-00013400": "slavery to their own desires or the course of this world they were subject to", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00027-00013400-00013500": "God's condemnation.", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00028-00013500-00014000": "So he starts with a blessing and thanksgiving and so on and so forth. And then he starts talking", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00029-00014000-00014400": "about the common past that everyone in the church has.", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00030-00014400-00014900": "Everyone in the church comes from the same place perhaps not culturally or", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00031-00014900-00015300": "socially but, from a", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00032-00015300-00015800": "perspective of sinfulness disobedience to God. Everyone shares that", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00033-00015800-00016296": "same kind of past. And he says because of that in the past", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00034-00016300-00016800": "all of these people were subject to God's condemnation. So this gives", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00035-00016800-00017286": "him the opportunity to remind them of God's grace and God's mercy", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00036-00017286-00017800": "in sending Jesus to die for their sins and offer salvation to them to these", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00037-00017800-00018200": "sinners to those who are condemned on the basis of faith. And not", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00038-00018200-00018700": "on the basis of perfectionism. Now we said", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00039-00018700-00019200": "that God's grace is seen in two ways. Again I'm still reviewing for those of you who may not have been at", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00040-00019200-00019700": "this in this class. First of all His grace is seen in the fact that He chose to", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00041-00019700-00020200": "offer us salvation in the first place. Instead of simply", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00042-00020200-00020802": "leaving us to perish in our sins. And He could have done that too, He could have said you know what?", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00043-00020802-00021300": "I created a perfect world. I gave you everything. And you decided this is not what you wanted. You", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00044-00021300-00021700": "rejected me rejected my word so on and so forth.", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00045-00021700-00022200": "You know go your way. But He didn't do that.", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00046-00022200-00022700": "What He did: He offered us salvation. And so the fact that He offered", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00047-00022700-00023200": "salvation is one aspect of God's mercy rather than allowing", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00048-00023200-00023700": "us simply to perish in our sinfulness. The second thing that he", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00049-00023700-00024186": "mentions is the fact that God offered salvation on the basis of faith", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00050-00024200-00024600": "and not on the basis of perfectionism. So that everyone could", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00051-00024600-00025188": "attain to the salvation that is in Christ Jesus.", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00052-00025200-00025600": "So we also spent a little time explaining that in the New Testament faith was", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00053-00025600-00026100": "expressed in belief in Jesus Christ, repentance of sin and", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00054-00026100-00026600": "baptism. We explain that baptism according to the New Testament is immersion in", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00055-00026600-00027100": "water. Yes there is faith. I acknowledge I believe it's true that Jesus", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00056-00027100-00027500": "is the Son of God and so on and so forth and the Bible says the way I express that faith", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00057-00027500-00028000": "biblically according to God's will is through repentance and baptism.", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00058-00028000-00028488": "So now that Paul has summarized how and why the church was formed", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00059-00028500-00029000": "he's going to start to explain to them its universal nature and deal with a", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00060-00029000-00029500": "problem that existed among this particular church. So he", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00061-00029500-00030000": "starts off talking about the universal nature of the church.", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00062-00030000-00030500": "So far Paul has described how God relates to the church as a", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00063-00030500-00031000": "single unit. You know everybody receives blessings. Everyone", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00064-00031000-00031400": "is saved in exactly the same way. So from an earthly", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00065-00031400-00031900": "perspective, however, the church struggled with issues of strife and division because", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00066-00031900-00032483": "of the cultural and religious differences in each member's background.", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00067-00032500-00032900": "And so the major fault line at this time was between", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00068-00032900-00033400": "Jewish Christians who had been converted from Judaism and non-Jewish", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00069-00033400-00033900": "converts referred to as Gentiles or Greeks who had largely come out of", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00070-00033900-00034400": "various pagan religions. So there was tension there was friction between", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00071-00034400-00034900": "these two groups in the church that Paul is addressing", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00072-00034900-00035300": "here at Ephesus. Of course there were other difficult", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00073-00035300-00035800": "differences to deal with such as you know the difference between male and female the attitudes", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00074-00035800-00036300": "in those days or slave or free. But in this particular epistle", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00075-00036300-00036800": "Paul addresses the problem of unity between Jewish converts to", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00076-00036800-00037300": "Christianity and Gentile converts to Christianity.", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00077-00037300-00037800": "It seems that there were poor relations between Jews. And here is kind of", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00078-00037800-00038200": "the social background between Jews in the church who were a minority", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00079-00038300-00038700": "but they had the priority in receiving the gospel first.", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00080-00038800-00039300": "And the Gentile Christians who were in the majority but they were the new", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00081-00039300-00039790": "converts. So each one had a", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00082-00039800-00040300": "position of pride if you wish. The Jews could be proud of the fact that", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00083-00040300-00040700": "hey we were the first ones to receive the gospel, we're sophisticated when it comes to", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00084-00040700-00041200": "religion. We've had training we know the law so on and so forth. You know the", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00085-00041200-00041700": "rituals and you know we do church really well. Most of the", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00086-00041700-00042198": "Jews and the Gentiles say yeah but we got more bodies here in the room.", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00087-00042200-00042700": "We can out vote you, more people. So if", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00088-00042700-00043100": "the church was to be universal as Jesus and the Apostles", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00089-00043100-00043600": "taught as well as the Old Testament prophets. Then the break between", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00090-00043600-00043700": "Jew and Gentile", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00091-00043800-00044300": "had to be closed. That breach had to be closed. A simple human", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00092-00044300-00044792": "solution would have been: you know what, why don't we just have the Gentile church over here", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00093-00044800-00045300": "and let's have the Jewish church over here. Maybe the Jews will meet in the morning and you", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00094-00045300-00045800": "Gentiles meet in the afternoon. That way we won't have any problems. And that would have been a", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00095-00045800-00046300": "human solution but it would not have fulfilled what Jesus is asking us", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00096-00046300-00046792": "to fulfill. So in chapter two verses 11 to 22", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00097-00046800-00047200": "Paul turns his attention to the Gentile Christians at Ephesus.", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00098-00047200-00047700": "And he explains what Christ has done specifically for them in", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00099-00047700-00048202": "order to sharpen their gratitude and to strengthen", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00100-00048202-00048600": "their faith. So we begin with the", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00101-00048600-00049100": "position of the Gentiles before God. That's how you know he addresses the", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00102-00049100-00049500": "Gentiles at the Ephesian church and he says consider you know what your position", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00103-00049500-00050000": "was before God. And so we read in chapter 2 beginning in", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00104-00050000-00050500": "verse 11 he says, \"Therefore remember that", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00105-00050500-00050900": "for formerly you, the Gentiles in the flesh, who are called", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00106-00050900-00051400": "'uncircumcision' by the so-called 'circumcision,' which is performed in the", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00107-00051400-00051800": "flesh by human hands.\" So he says first of all you were", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00108-00051800-00052300": "uncircumcised. Now circumcision was a sign in the", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00109-00052300-00052800": "flesh that you were included in the covenant between God and Abraham back in the Old", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00110-00052800-00053300": "Testament. God promised Abraham. A promise", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00111-00053300-00053800": "land if you wish. He promised him protection and blessings and of course the Messiah to", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00112-00053800-00054300": "come. And circumcision was the sign in the", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00113-00054300-00054800": "body that you were part of this promise in your generation.", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00114-00054800-00055300": "And the idea behind it was every time you bathed, every time you had bodily", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00115-00055300-00055800": "functions, every time you had sex with your", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00116-00055800-00056294": "spouse you were reminded of who you were.", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00117-00056300-00056800": "Because the mark was not just an intellectual marking it was a marking right", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00118-00056800-00057200": "there in your most intimate parts. And", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00119-00057200-00057700": "so you were part of the promise and", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00120-00057700-00058200": "the sign of that promise was indelibly marked in your body and you'd have it", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00121-00058200-00058700": "your whole life. So to be uncircumcised", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00122-00058700-00059100": "meant that you were separated from God you were not part of this", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00123-00059100-00059500": "promise. It was actually a way to curse someone if you called somebody", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00124-00059500-00060000": "uncircumcised. That was not just a reference to the fact that they had not gone", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00125-00060000-00060500": "through this procedure. It was actually a curse. It meant you have no part of God you", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00126-00060500-00061000": "have no part of the of the promise. So for the Jews it was a", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00127-00061000-00061400": "sign of pride. For the Gentiles it was a reminder of their", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00128-00061400-00061900": "ultimate rejection. Gentiles, Paul says", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00129-00061900-00062400": "should be grateful that as members of the church God had removed this", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00130-00062400-00062900": "barrier between them and Himself. He says that", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00131-00062900-00063400": "symbol no longer separates the two of", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00132-00063400-00063800": "us. So he goes on and just verse 12a he says,", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00133-00063800-00064300": "\"remember that you were at that time separate from Christ,", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00134-00064300-00064796": "excluded from the commonwealth of Israel.\" I'll just stop just", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00135-00064800-00065300": "halfway through that verse there. So they were excluded from the commonwealth of Israel.", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00136-00065300-00065800": "Commonwealth of Israel describes not only the Jewish culture but also the body", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00137-00065800-00066300": "of true believers who were regarded as God's people.", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00138-00066300-00066800": "So Paul reminds them as Gentiles, they were not part of the group of true", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00139-00066800-00067000": "believers they were idolaters.", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00140-00067000-00067400": "They were pagans. And then again he says,", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00141-00067400-00067892": "but now regardless of their culture in the church", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00142-00067900-00068300": "they could be considered true believers. So circumcision was not", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00143-00068300-00068800": "something that could separate you from God anymore. The fact that you were not", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00144-00068800-00069394": "part of the commonwealth of Israel. The fact that you are not part of that culture,", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00145-00069400-00069900": "a descendant of blood descendant of Abraham, also", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00146-00069900-00070400": "was no longer a reason to separate you from God. He keeps going", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00147-00070400-00070800": "in verse 12 and he says, \"separate from Christ, excluded from the commonwealth of Israel and", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00148-00070800-00071264": "strangers to the covenants of promise.\"", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00149-00071300-00071800": "Another negative thing. They were strangers of the", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00150-00071800-00072286": "covenants of promise. They had not been promised", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00151-00072300-00072700": "anything by God. God had not promised the Gentiles", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00152-00072700-00073200": "land, He hadn't promised them blessings, He hadn't promised them a Messiah.", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00153-00073200-00073700": "Only the Jews had been promised these things. The only thing", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00154-00073700-00074300": "awaiting the Gentiles had been condemnation and punishment.", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00155-00074300-00074800": "And so Paul says as members of the church however they had escaped", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00156-00074800-00075300": "condemnation. They had escaped suffering. And then one more thing,", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00157-00075300-00075800": "All in verse 12, lots of things. \"Remember that you were at that time separate from", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00158-00075800-00076300": "Christ, excluded from the commonwealth of Israel strangers to the covenants of", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00159-00076300-00076800": "promise having no hope and without God in the world.\" They had", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00160-00076800-00077200": "no hope. They had no God. Their religion was false. Their gods", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00161-00077200-00077702": "helpless to provide any comfort or security.", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00162-00077702-00078500": "Your religion is not validated by the fact that there are many adherents.", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00163-00078500-00079150": "Your religion is validated by the power of the one that you worship.", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00164-00079200-00079700": "So the Gentiles worshiped all kinds of gods and they were in the majority but the", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00165-00079700-00080100": "gods that they worship had no power so their religion no matter how", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00166-00080100-00080600": "intricate no matter how grand was useless because the", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00167-00080600-00081100": "thing that they worship had no power to save them save them from death.", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00168-00081200-00081600": "But as members of the church God Himself was their protector. God", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00169-00081600-00082100": "Himself was their Savior. And so he's contrasting these", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00170-00082100-00082600": "blessings or rather contrasting these blessings of the various relationships that", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00171-00082600-00083106": "the Gentiles have had with the Jews throughout history.", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00172-00083200-00083600": "It's not mentioned here but those reading this at that time", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00173-00083600-00084100": "understood that the relationships are not explained but they were quite evidence", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00174-00084100-00084600": "to Paul's Gentile and Jewish readers to understand the magnitude of this reconciliation", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00175-00084600-00085094": "between Jew and Gentile. One had to understand the past relationship", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00176-00085100-00085390": "of these two nations.", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00177-00085400-00085900": "You know before their respective conversions the Jews", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00178-00085900-00086300": "and the Gentiles I mean literally hated each other.", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00179-00086300-00086700": "It's not just they had separate cultures. They hated each other.", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00180-00086700-00087200": "The Jews had nothing to do with Gentiles. They misunderstood the admonitions in the Old", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00181-00087200-00087700": "Testament concerning remaining separated from the Gentiles. And they actually took it way", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00182-00087700-00088200": "too far. God did not want them to be influenced by", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00183-00088200-00088700": "pagan behavior and many times He used the Jews to", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00184-00088700-00089200": "punish and eliminate the pagans in the Promised Land. We read about that in the Old Testament.", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00185-00089200-00089600": "However, once established they were to serve as a light to them to", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00186-00089600-00090286": "convert the Gentiles to belief in the true God they were to be evangelistic.", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00187-00090300-00090700": "The Jews usually reacted in extremes. They", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00188-00090700-00091100": "either copied the Gentiles and fell into idolatry", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00189-00091200-00091700": "themselves or they despised and rejected them without influencing", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00190-00091700-00092100": "them for God in any way. You know for example a", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00191-00092100-00092600": "Jew would not allow his shadow to cross the shadow of a Gentile", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00192-00092600-00093100": "if they were walking in the same place for fear of personal contamination.", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00193-00093300-00093800": "Or they would do purification rituals if they even touched something that had been", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00194-00093800-00094000": "previously touched by a non-Jew.", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00195-00094000-00094300": "Talk about taking it to an extreme.", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00196-00094300-00094800": "So there was a built in hatred that had a long history between Jew and", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00197-00094800-00095200": "Gentile. What was it, the thing that was on TV the Hatfields and", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00198-00095200-00095692": "McCoys. You know generational hatred,", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00199-00095700-00096100": "generational feuding. Well they had, Jews and Gentiles, had", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00200-00096100-00096280": "generational", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00201-00096300-00097000": "centuries old hatred and separation.", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00202-00097022-00097600": "Paul then examines the relationship between Jewish and Gentile converts to", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00203-00097600-00098100": "Judaism. First it looks that the", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00204-00098100-00098600": "relationship between Jews and Gentiles in general and he reminds Gentiles. Guy you", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00205-00098600-00099100": "guys were way way far away. You didn't have a chance. Now he talks to", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00206-00099100-00099600": "the relationship between Jews and Gentiles when the Gentiles were converted", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00207-00099600-00100100": "to Judaism which happened. If a Gentile did want to convert to", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00208-00100100-00100600": "Judaism there were several things to do: he had to be circumcised, purified in water and", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00209-00100600-00101100": "offer a sacrifice. That was the process. The expression of his faith", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00210-00101100-00101600": "if you wish. There were limits however a Gentile convert", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00211-00101600-00102100": "could not mingle with the Jews in the inner court of the temple. They were relegated to an outer", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00212-00102100-00102500": "court which was reserved for them. It was in this outer", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00213-00102500-00103000": "court that merchants and money changers had set up shop depriving", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00214-00103000-00103500": "the Gentiles even of this far away access to the temple worship", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00215-00103500-00104102": "and incurring the wrath of Jesus. One of the reasons for the wrath of Christ when he", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00216-00104102-00104600": "chases the money changers out of the temple (Matthew 21) is the fact", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00217-00104600-00105000": "that they had set up their booths in the court of the Gentiles. The Gentiles", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00218-00105000-00105500": "couldn't get any closer than this furtherest courtyard. But yet that", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00219-00105500-00106000": "courtyard was the place that they would and could worship God by setting up", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00220-00106000-00106488": "their booths they were desecrating that place for the Gentiles.", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00221-00106500-00106985": "And Jesus righteously removes them", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00222-00107000-00107500": "from this place. So the whole idea in Judaism was that there was a", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00223-00107500-00108000": "separation between God and the Jews, and there was a separation between the", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00224-00108000-00108400": "Jews and the Gentiles. The barrier between God and the", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00225-00108400-00108900": "Jews was demonstrated in the fact that they could only approach God through the priests and", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00226-00108900-00109390": "only the high priest could go into the holy of holies. In other words the presence of God.", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00227-00109400-00109900": "And then only once per year on behalf of the people. And the barrier", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00228-00109900-00110400": "between God and the Gentiles was made evident by the fact that the Gentiles were not allowed to", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00229-00110400-00110918": "enter any part of the temple under pain of death.", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00230-00111000-00111496": "So God was pure and holy unapproachable. So the Jews had access", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00231-00111500-00111900": "only through the priests convert had access only through the Jews and", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00232-00111900-00112392": "Gentiles had no access whatsoever.", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00233-00112404-00112900": "I'm giving you all this to explain that these ideas and", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00234-00112900-00113294": "ways to relate to each other were well ingrained.", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00235-00113300-00113800": "And still very much in the minds of both the Jews and the Gentiles who had", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00236-00113800-00114200": "converted to Christianity. And if we read between the", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00237-00114200-00114700": "lines it seems that the Gentile Christians who had so long felt as second class", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00238-00114700-00115200": "citizens, now that they were full partners in salvation through Christ", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00239-00115200-00115700": "began to despise their Jewish brothers who had despised and rejected them for so", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00240-00115700-00116200": "long. And it could also be that the", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00241-00116200-00116709": "Jewish Christians at Ephesus were having a little problem accepting Gentile Christians", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00242-00116709-00117200": "as equal partners in God's plan of salvation because for so long in the", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00243-00117200-00117700": "Jewish religion even if a Gentile had converted to Judaism he was still a", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00244-00117700-00118100": "second class citizen within that religion according to the Jews. But now in", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00245-00118100-00118600": "Christ everyone was the same. Everyone had all the same blessings everyone had the same", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00246-00118600-00119100": "access. And so in the next verse Paul", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00247-00119100-00119600": "shows how Christ unifies both Jews and Gentiles in the", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00248-00119600-00120000": "church before God. And so the relationship", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00249-00120000-00120590": "now between Jew and Gentile convert to Christianity. How is that different.", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00250-00120600-00121100": "And so first of all he talks about the Jews and Gentiles united to God.", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00251-00121100-00121692": "He explains how God reconciles both Jews and Gentiles to Himself.", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00252-00121700-00122200": "So let's read verse 13 shall we he says, \"But now.\" And he says", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00253-00122200-00122700": "but now because he's been explaining in the past these things happened in", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00254-00122700-00123200": "the past \"but now\" he says, \"in Christ Jesus you who formerly were", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00255-00123200-00123600": "far off have been brought near by the blood of Christ.\"", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00256-00123700-00124200": "So Paul says by His cross Jesus eliminates the barrier of sin that", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00257-00124200-00124600": "separated the Gentiles from God. No need for a Jewish priest or", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00258-00124600-00125100": "any other mediator. Jesus Himself offers His blood to atone for all", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00259-00125100-00125788": "sins so the Gentile can come before God through Christ at all times.", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00260-00125800-00126300": "He doesn't need a Jewish mediator. Christ is the", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00261-00126300-00126800": "mediator for the Gentiles. Keep reading the passage. Verse 14 he", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00262-00126800-00127002": "says, \"For He Himself", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00263-00127002-00127500": "is our peace, who made both groups into one and broke down the barrier", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00264-00127500-00127990": "of the dividing wall, by abolishing in His flesh the enmity,", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00265-00128000-00128400": "which is the Law of commandments contained in the ordinances, so that in Himself", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00266-00128400-00128900": "He might make the two into one new man, thus establishing", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00267-00128900-00129400": "peace, and might reconcile them both in one body to God through the", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00268-00129400-00129800": "cross, by it having put to death the enmity.\"", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00269-00129900-00130390": "So what's true for the Gentile is also true for the Jew.", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00270-00130400-00130900": "The difference is that the revelation of the sacrifice and salvation was given to the", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00271-00130900-00131400": "Jew earlier through the Law and the sacrificial system and the", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00272-00131400-00131800": "prophets. But now he says both the Jew and", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00273-00131800-00132300": "Gentile who were condemned because of sin. Why? Because the Jew", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00274-00132300-00132800": "didn't live up to the Law, that was sin. He was given the Law, great but he didn't", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00275-00132800-00133092": "live up to it. So he's condemned because of that.", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00276-00133100-00133600": "And the Gentile was ignorant of the Law therefore he was guilty of sin.", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00277-00133600-00134000": "So both the Jew and the Gentile are saved and reconciled,", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00278-00134000-00134400": "and here's the key: in exactly the same way.", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00279-00134400-00134900": "Why? Because they both come from the same place. The culture may be", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00280-00134900-00135400": "different the religion may be different but the problem was the same. The Jew", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00281-00135400-00135900": "was guilty of sin because he didn't live up to the Law. The Gentile was", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00282-00135900-00136400": "guilty of sin because he was ignorant of the Law. Both sinned, both", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00283-00136400-00136890": "condemned, both with the exact same problem before God.", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00284-00136900-00137400": "And so both Jew and Gentile are saved and reconciled in exactly the same", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00285-00137400-00137900": "way. The Jew no longer needs the temple. The Gentile", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00286-00137900-00138400": "no longer needs the Jewish religion. Now the Jew and Gentile are", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00287-00138400-00139000": "united to God only by Christ. The common Savior.", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00288-00139000-00139500": "And so the first step that Paul makes is describe how", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00289-00139500-00139990": "both Jew and Gentile are united to God. The next step is", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00290-00140000-00140400": "how the Jew and the Gentile are united to each other.", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00291-00140400-00140700": "Keep reading verse 17 he says,", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00292-00140700-00141200": "\"And he came and preached peace to you who were far away, and peace to", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00293-00141200-00141700": "those who were near;\" Who do you think the far away are? The Gentiles. And who do you", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00294-00141700-00142200": "think the near are? Well those of the Jews. And he says, \"for through", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00295-00142200-00142700": "Him we both have our access in one Spirit to the Father.\"", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00296-00142700-00142900": "Stop there 17 and 18.", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00297-00142900-00143492": "So the Law kept the Jew and the Gentiles separate from God. Neither of them could obey it.", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00298-00143500-00144000": "And separate from each other. Why? Because the Law demanded it. The Jews were not", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00299-00144000-00144500": "allowed to kind of mix with the Gentiles. So he says Jesus fulfills", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00300-00144500-00145000": "all of the demands of the Law and thus removes its requirements from both the", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00301-00145000-00145200": "Jew and the Gentile.", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00302-00145200-00145700": "Now both groups are united to God and they can be united to each", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00303-00145700-00146000": "other. Why?", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00304-00146000-00146500": "Because he who fulfills the law can make a new law.", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00305-00146500-00146900": "Jesus makes a new law. What's the new law? The new law is", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00306-00146900-00147300": "unity between Jew and Gentile. That's the new law.", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00307-00147400-00147900": "So Jews and Gentiles couldn't break down the wall that separated them through", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00308-00147900-00148400": "marriage or dialogue or politics or economics.", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00309-00148400-00148900": "Paul says Jesus is the peace upon which they can be united.", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00310-00148900-00149300": "He is the bridge that unites them. Through faith in", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00311-00149300-00149800": "Christ they enter into a unity with God and they share one", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00312-00149800-00150300": "body with Christ. And of course the meeting point is baptism", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00313-00150300-00150800": "where the old man is buried and the new man is raised. And this is the", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00314-00150800-00151300": "same both for the Jew and for the Gentile.", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00315-00151300-00151500": "I mean it was a problem.", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00316-00151500-00151990": "Imagine the witness", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00317-00152000-00152500": "before the world of Christianity if Jews and Gentiles were at each other's throat", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00318-00152500-00153000": "in the church. Well, wouldn't have gotten beyond the first century.", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00319-00153000-00153500": "So then Paul gave three images of unity between Jew and Gentile.", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00320-00153500-00153844": "Verse 19 to 22.", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00321-00153844-00154400": "He says the following, \"So then you are no longer strangers and aliens,", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00322-00154400-00154800": "but you are fellow citizens with the saints, and are of God's", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00323-00154800-00155300": "household, having been built upon the foundation of the apostles and", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00324-00155300-00155800": "prophets, Christ Jesus Himself being the cornerstone, in whom the", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00325-00155800-00156300": "whole building, being fitted together, is growing into a holy temple in", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00326-00156300-00156700": "the Lord, in whom you also are being built together into a dwelling of", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00327-00156700-00157100": "God in the Spirit.\"", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00328-00157100-00157600": "So now Paul describes in a noble high sense", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00329-00157600-00158100": "the beauty of the unity that can exist between a Jew", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00330-00158100-00158200": "and a Gentile.", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00331-00158200-00158700": "He calls them first of all a kingdom of saints, a kingdom of", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00332-00158700-00159196": "saints where Gentiles have the same rights and privileges", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00333-00159200-00159476": "as the Jews.", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00334-00159484-00159900": "You know when everybody has the same privilege there can be", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00335-00159900-00160000": "unity.", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00336-00160000-00160500": "Isn't that the problem in our society. Isn't that what the courts always fight about.", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00337-00160500-00161000": "Civil rights groups fight about so on and so forth. What when are they always fighting about.", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00338-00161000-00161500": "We want equal rights for everybody for men for women. For those who are", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00339-00161500-00161900": "handicapped, for those who come from a different culture. We feel that we", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00340-00161900-00162400": "want everyone to have the exact same rights. How successful are we at", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00341-00162400-00162900": "it? Sort of kind of right.", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00342-00162900-00163400": "So Paul says", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00343-00163400-00163800": "in the church however we have all the same", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00344-00163800-00164300": "rights and all the same privileges because we've all come to God in exactly the", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00345-00164300-00164700": "same way. We've acknowledged that we were", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00346-00164700-00165200": "separated from God no matter who we were. And we have", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00347-00165200-00165700": "expressed our faith in His Son in exactly the same way no matter", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00348-00165700-00166200": "when we have lived where we have lived or who we are. Whether", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00349-00166200-00166700": "it's a different culture or social situation or physical", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00350-00166700-00167100": "difference. You know I've baptized black", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00351-00167100-00167700": "people, white people, Asian people, people that don't speak English.", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00352-00167800-00168200": "People who are poor, people who are wealthy, people who are well-educated, people", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00353-00168200-00168700": "who are not well-educated, people who are handicapped, where we actually needed some special", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00354-00168700-00169200": "devices and two or three people to get that person in the water because they couldn't walk out of", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00355-00169200-00169700": "their wheelchair into you know. In thirty three", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00356-00169700-00170200": "years or so of ministry all kinds of different people but they all did exactly", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00357-00170200-00170400": "the same thing in obedience to God.", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00358-00170400-00170900": "They said, I asked them, Do you believe that Jesus is the Son of God in a variety of ways and I said", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00359-00170900-00171300": "well yes I do, or yes, or amen and most certainly I do believe Jesus Son of God.", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00360-00171300-00171800": "And then the water sometimes was cold sometimes it was hot sometimes it was lukewarm", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00361-00171800-00172300": "Sometimes there was lots of water sometimes it wasn't too much water in a building outside the", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00362-00172300-00172886": "building in a lake but it was always in the water.", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00363-00172900-00173400": "And it was always in the name of Jesus and it was always for exactly the same thing", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00364-00173400-00173984": "that your sins may be forgiven and that you might receive the gift of the Holy Spirit.", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00365-00174000-00174400": "The sins forgiven wipes out the past the gift of the Holy Spirit", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00366-00174400-00174800": "guarantees the future into eternity.", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00367-00174800-00175300": "All the same. And if I brought different people up here of course I think first of all of", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00368-00175300-00175800": "Dayton who has been ministering much much longer than I have he would have the", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00369-00175800-00176200": "exact same story perhaps a lot more countries that he's visited than I have", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00370-00176200-00176700": "but the exact same thing would have happened in his ministry.", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00371-00176700-00177100": "And the same thing with all of you.", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00372-00177100-00177594": "And so he says, Paul, you're the kingdom of saints you've all come to the courage", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00373-00177600-00178100": "to God in exactly the same way. Therefore you all receive the same thing.", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00374-00178100-00178600": "He calls them a family or a household where all the members have the", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00375-00178600-00179100": "same father. When I went to Haiti many years", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00376-00179100-00179400": "ago to preach, of course they all speak French", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00377-00179400-00179894": "there. The man who was leading the prayer stood up and said,", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00378-00179900-00180388": "Dear Father, Mon Pere, Pere Celeste,", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00379-00180400-00180900": "heavenly Father in French, Pere Celeste. He addressed the Father in a", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00380-00180900-00181400": "different language in a different culture. But the Father he was addressing is", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00381-00181400-00181900": "the same Father that I'm addressing and that all men and", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00382-00181900-00182400": "women have addressed in their prayers throughout history.", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00383-00182400-00182500": "The father.", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00384-00182500-00183102": "And why do we call Him Father? Because we all belong to his household. We are His children.", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00385-00183102-00183500": "Where Christ is the foundation and each member is a stone. Excuse me. Where", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00386-00183500-00184000": "all members have exactly the same Father and the same", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00387-00184000-00184500": "relationship with one another brother. Why do you think we call each other brother and sister.", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00388-00184600-00185100": "Because we're in the same family. It's easy here because we're (well let me see", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00389-00185100-00185392": "now), we're all white.", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00390-00185400-00185742": "Various shades anyways.", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00391-00185758-00186000": "What if you go to a congregation like in Montreal where there are perhaps", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00392-00186000-00186500": "18 different cultural groups from Africa from the Philippines from South", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00393-00186500-00187000": "America from the United States from everywhere.", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00394-00187000-00187194": "There it's much more", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00395-00187200-00187700": "significant when you say brothers and sisters because they're not", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00396-00187700-00188200": "all white and they don't all speak English and yet everyone's brother and", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00397-00188200-00188700": "sister. And then he says they're a spiritual temple.", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00398-00188700-00189200": "Where Christ is the foundation and each member is a stone and", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00399-00189200-00189384": "God is the builder.", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00400-00189400-00189900": "We are all part of the same thing. We are all", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00401-00189900-00190282": "working towards the same goal.", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00402-00190300-00190800": "And so Paul says the church is at once all of these things because", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00403-00190800-00191296": "everyone is united in and through Christ. We can all agree", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00404-00191300-00191890": "to these things. So Paul explains", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00405-00191900-00192300": "the universal nature of the church by outlining the way that God has", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00406-00192300-00192800": "brought together the most disparate of groups at that time:", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00407-00192800-00193200": "Jews and Gentiles. And the lesson for us is very simple:", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00408-00193300-00193800": "if these two groups that had centuries of", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00409-00193800-00194200": "separation and hatred between them and it was mutual, the", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00410-00194200-00194700": "Gentiles hated the Jews, the Jews despised the Gentiles and this went", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00411-00194700-00195200": "on this was ingrained for centuries. The lesson for us is: if these", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00412-00195200-00195788": "two groups could come together in Christ", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00413-00195800-00196108": "and obey Jesus' command", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00414-00196108-00196600": "concerning unity, well certainly we", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00415-00196700-00197100": "can do it too. We don't have generational hatred", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00416-00197100-00197600": "towards any culture or any people. Certainly we can attain the", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00417-00197600-00197898": "same goal in this day", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00418-00197900-00198400": "and age. Well anyways in the next chapter Paul will continue", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00419-00198400-00198900": "on with this theme and he's going to discuss his own role in God's plan of creating a", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00420-00198900-00199464": "body into which all men can be united. But we're going to continue with this theme", "bIDzUh6x9S4-00421-00199464-00200120": "of unity that Paul talks about in the book of Ephesians."}}, {"audio_id": "bJySLA2rAYE", "text": {"bJySLA2rAYE-00000-00000000-00000399": "Are you a real estate agent wanting to start getting clients from your YouTube", "bJySLA2rAYE-00001-00000399-00000710": "channel? Well that's what we're talking about today and we are starting right", "bJySLA2rAYE-00002-00000710-00000944": "now.", "bJySLA2rAYE-00003-00001469-00001886": "Hey everyone, welcome back to my channel. My name is Karin Carr and I'm a Realtor®", "bJySLA2rAYE-00004-00001886-00002351": "in Savannah, Georgia with Keller Williams. I am here today to talk to you about", "bJySLA2rAYE-00005-00002351-00002936": "using YouTube. So many people on Facebook are now messaging me, calling me, texting", "bJySLA2rAYE-00006-00002936-00003479": "me, emailing me almost daily to ask me about getting started using video that I", "bJySLA2rAYE-00007-00003479-00003819": "thought I would make this video to answer all of your questions. These", "bJySLA2rAYE-00008-00003819-00004275": "are the top five questions that everybody asks me all the time, so let's", "bJySLA2rAYE-00009-00004275-00004730": "go ahead and get started! Number one is who does your editing and", "bJySLA2rAYE-00010-00004730-00005214": "what are you using? Well the truth is I am doing my own editing and I hope to be", "bJySLA2rAYE-00011-00005214-00005555": "able to outsource that to somebody else very soon but right now I'm doing it", "bJySLA2rAYE-00012-00005555-00006189": "myself. I have a Mac and free with my Mac was iMovie. iMovie is a great little", "bJySLA2rAYE-00013-00006189-00006611": "program for beginners even all the way up to people that are very experienced", "bJySLA2rAYE-00014-00006611-00006990": "with editing movies. But it was free and it does everything that I need it to do", "bJySLA2rAYE-00015-00006990-00007593": "so I keep using iMovie. Number 2 is where did you get your logo and your intro? I", "bJySLA2rAYE-00016-00007593-00008142": "just ordered my logo off of Etsy and I then sent the logo to somebody on Fiverr", "bJySLA2rAYE-00017-00008142-00008711": "who made the animated intro for me. I think the intro cost something like 25", "bJySLA2rAYE-00018-00008711-00009140": "or 30 dollars because I got an intro and an outro so I can have one at the", "bJySLA2rAYE-00019-00009140-00009642": "beginning and one at the end and I got eight different choices of music so that", "bJySLA2rAYE-00020-00009642-00009968": "I didn't have to have the same music playing behind the intro every single", "bJySLA2rAYE-00021-00009968-00010472": "time. Number three is what equipment do you use? I think you'll be surprised. I", "bJySLA2rAYE-00022-00010472-00011028": "really don't use a whole lot of equipment. I film on my iPad. Why my iPad?", "bJySLA2rAYE-00023-00011028-00011439": "Because the screen is big and I can see it easier. If you just want to record on", "bJySLA2rAYE-00024-00011439-00011928": "your phone that's great! The majority of smartphones that were made within the", "bJySLA2rAYE-00025-00011928-00012303": "last couple of years... the cameras are so good there's no reason not to use it. So", "bJySLA2rAYE-00026-00012303-00012800": "use your smart phone or your tablet. I do use an external microphone. You can", "bJySLA2rAYE-00027-00012800-00013209": "use a $20 microphone that clips onto your lapel right here.", "bJySLA2rAYE-00028-00013209-00013456": "The one I have (I'll actually put the link down below", "bJySLA2rAYE-00029-00013456-00014004": "and none of these are affiliate links, this is just what I have) it's the Rode", "bJySLA2rAYE-00030-00014004-00014386": "MicMe? MobileMe? Something like that. I'll put", "bJySLA2rAYE-00031-00014386-00014701": "the link down below. I think was around 50 bucks and my husband gave it to me", "bJySLA2rAYE-00032-00014701-00015268": "for Christmas. Thank you Chris! And it just plugs right into the phone or the", "bJySLA2rAYE-00033-00015268-00015841": "iPad on the the headphone jack. Then you need some decent lighting. If you can", "bJySLA2rAYE-00034-00015841-00016315": "record in a place that has lots of natural light, awesome! Don't have to buy", "bJySLA2rAYE-00035-00016315-00016663": "any lights. Me, I bought a couple of these. I don't even know what they're called.", "bJySLA2rAYE-00036-00016663-00016999": "I call them umbrella lights. It's basically a tripod with a light bulb", "bJySLA2rAYE-00037-00016999-00017362": "screwed in the top and an umbrella stuffed in the front of it. And I have two of", "bJySLA2rAYE-00038-00017362-00017748": "those, one on either side. Number four, and this is a big one, everybody says, \"But I", "bJySLA2rAYE-00039-00017748-00018184": "hate being on camera and I hate the sound of my own voice.\" Well there's a", "bJySLA2rAYE-00040-00018184-00018892": "really simple way to get over that - make videos. Seriously, if you make one", "bJySLA2rAYE-00041-00018892-00019288": "video every six or eight weeks you're never going to get used to how you look", "bJySLA2rAYE-00042-00019288-00019687": "on camera and how you sound on camera because you're not doing it frequently", "bJySLA2rAYE-00043-00019687-00020154": "enough. You've got to do it regularly. If you made a video once a week and you", "bJySLA2rAYE-00044-00020154-00020476": "spent the time to edit it and you're playing it back and you're seeing", "bJySLA2rAYE-00045-00020476-00020872": "yourself and you're hearing your voice, within three weeks you'd be so over it", "bJySLA2rAYE-00046-00020872-00021238": "it would never bother you again because now it's completely", "bJySLA2rAYE-00047-00021238-00021748": "old hat and you're used to it. So you just got to start doing it. Number fivem", "bJySLA2rAYE-00048-00021748-00022240": "and this is probably the most important in my opinion, is why YouTube and why not", "bJySLA2rAYE-00049-00022240-00022719": "other platforms? Here's the deal - video is important. I don't care where you do it.", "bJySLA2rAYE-00050-00022719-00023242": "But if you prefer Facebook because you have a huge following on Facebook go for", "bJySLA2rAYE-00051-00023242-00023512": "it. For me, I picked YouTube for one reason", "bJySLA2rAYE-00052-00023512-00024103": "and one reason only and that is SEO - search engine optimization. If somebody", "bJySLA2rAYE-00053-00024103-00024429": "is on Facebook and they're just scrolling through their timeline and", "bJySLA2rAYE-00054-00024429-00024856": "your video pops up, awesome! You probably get a lot of views from that but were", "bJySLA2rAYE-00055-00024856-00025219": "they searching for that information? No, they just stumbled across it. If", "bJySLA2rAYE-00056-00025219-00025594": "somebody is on YouTube and they see your video they were searching for that", "bJySLA2rAYE-00057-00025594-00026095": "information, right? Either they searched for that keyword and you showed up in", "bJySLA2rAYE-00058-00026095-00026644": "the search results, or in suggested results. Maybe they typed \"how to buy your", "bJySLA2rAYE-00059-00026644-00026983": "first house\" and you made a video called how to buy", "bJySLA2rAYE-00060-00026983-00027495": "your first home. Maybe your video would not show up in the actual search results", "bJySLA2rAYE-00061-00027495-00027933": "but it would show up in the suggested searches on the sidebar. If you can be", "bJySLA2rAYE-00062-00027933-00028513": "showing up when people are looking for the information, that's HUGE. So how well", "bJySLA2rAYE-00063-00028513-00029020": "does this work? Well when I lived in another market (I moved from Atlanta to", "bJySLA2rAYE-00064-00029020-00029311": "Savannah) when I was making videos in Atlanta", "bJySLA2rAYE-00065-00029311-00029788": "I had no strategy, no rhyme or reason. I made a video when I felt like it and I", "bJySLA2rAYE-00066-00029788-00030157": "uploaded it when I had time. And I was still getting people that said, \"I've", "bJySLA2rAYE-00067-00030157-00030652": "watched all your videos, I'm ready to buy a house, will you help me?\" (Instant replay)", "bJySLA2rAYE-00068-00030652-00031095": "So I thought, if people are calling me from", "bJySLA2rAYE-00069-00031095-00031516": "my Youtube videos when I'm not really even trying and I'm doing a real", "bJySLA2rAYE-00070-00031516-00032098": "half-assed job, how much better would it be if I actually had a strategy behind it?!", "bJySLA2rAYE-00071-00032098-00032758": "So I decided in June of 2017 I was gonna start making weekly videos and I put up", "bJySLA2rAYE-00072-00032758-00033250": "a video every single week on YouTube. The day that I post it I share it on", "bJySLA2rAYE-00073-00033250-00033697": "Facebook on my personal page and on my business page, I pin it on Pinterest, I", "bJySLA2rAYE-00074-00033697-00034159": "share it on Google+, I share it on Instagram, I share in a whole bunch of", "bJySLA2rAYE-00075-00034159-00034558": "places the day that I post the video. And then quite honestly I forget about it.", "bJySLA2rAYE-00076-00034558-00035197": "This is all organic traffic, and these are some of the results that I get. I get", "bJySLA2rAYE-00077-00035197-00035578": "emails like this. \"Hey, we found your YouTube channel, we are thinking of", "bJySLA2rAYE-00078-00035578-00036025": "moving to Savannah, can you help us?\" I get come list me phone calls. \"Hey, we", "bJySLA2rAYE-00079-00036025-00036412": "just found out we're moving to Virginia, we need to sell our house, can you come", "bJySLA2rAYE-00080-00036412-00036787": "over and give us a listing presentation?\" And then when I get there I say, \"Hi, it's", "bJySLA2rAYE-00081-00036787-00037206": "so nice to meet you. Who else are you interviewing?\" And they say, \"Um... nobody.", "bJySLA2rAYE-00082-00037206-00037714": "aAe we supposed to?\" and I'm like, \"Absolutely not! You've already called the", "bJySLA2rAYE-00083-00037714-00038149": "best. You don't need to interview anyone else, honey.\" So now you know why you", "bJySLA2rAYE-00084-00038149-00038620": "should be doing YouTube videos. I am seriously considering putting together a", "bJySLA2rAYE-00085-00038620-00039082": "training video for other real estate agents because I get asked this on", "bJySLA2rAYE-00086-00039082-00039520": "a regular basis so I want to gauge the interest level. If you would be", "bJySLA2rAYE-00087-00039520-00039927": "interested in taking that class if I were to teach it, it would be an online", "bJySLA2rAYE-00088-00039927-00040341": "video course, would you be interested in it? Click the link right up here if you", "bJySLA2rAYE-00089-00040341-00040719": "want to be notified when that class is available. Just put your name and email", "bJySLA2rAYE-00090-00040719-00041064": "address on my list so that when I release it I can email it out to", "bJySLA2rAYE-00091-00041064-00041415": "everybody and let you know that it's there. Thank you so much for watching. As", "bJySLA2rAYE-00092-00041415-00041790": "always, I am Karin Carr with Keller Williams in Savannah and I always", "bJySLA2rAYE-00093-00041790-00042291": "appreciate any referrals you want to send my way. If you like this video and", "bJySLA2rAYE-00094-00042291-00042651": "you are interested in doing more video please subscribe to my channel. It", "bJySLA2rAYE-00095-00042651-00042942": "doesn't matter to me that you're another real estate agent. You are welcome to", "bJySLA2rAYE-00096-00042942-00043452": "watch the videos that I do get some more ideas and follow along with me on my", "bJySLA2rAYE-00097-00043452-00043962": "journey as I am blowing up my business with video. Thanks again for watching and", "bJySLA2rAYE-00098-00043962-00044279": "I expect to start seeing some of your videos too!", "bJySLA2rAYE-00099-00044279-00044823": "(Bloopers) Do you like my new lamp over there? My husband made that. How cool is that?!", "bJySLA2rAYE-00100-00044823-00045453": "You showed up... or is it on this side? On this side. Thanks for much for wa - what time is it?", "bJySLA2rAYE-00101-00045453-00046101": "Am I supposed to pick up my son? But if you prefer (trips over words.) I just had Brussels sprouts", "bJySLA2rAYE-00102-00046101-00047156": "with sriracha for lunch. Gaah, so spicy! Are you a real estate agent? Ok, I gotta stop taking a giant breath."}}, {"audio_id": "bJHX1xP1zKE", "text": {"bJHX1xP1zKE-00000-00001095-00001524": "This episode was pre-recorded as part of a live continuing education webinar. On", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00001-00001524-00002093": "demand CEUs are still available for this presentation through ALLCEUs. Register", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00002-00002093-00002611": "at ALLCEUs.com/CounselorToolbox.", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00003-00002739-00003169": "I'd like to welcome everybody to today's presentation on trauma informed care", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00004-00003169-00003811": "screening and assessment. This is the first of I believe five parts. The other", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00005-00003811-00004282": "parts are coming in February for the trauma-informed care", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00006-00004282-00004711": "sort of curriculum if you will and is based on a treatment improvement", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00007-00004711-00005359": "protocol put out by Samsa that is designed to help you create a", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00008-00005359-00006034": "trauma-informed care work environment. So in this particular hour we're going to", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00009-00006034-00006344": "review the 16 principles for trauma-informed assessment and screening", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00010-00006344-00006904": "explore reasons why providers may not screen for trauma and explore reasons", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00011-00006904-00007393": "trauma related disorders may be misdiagnosed or under diagnosed so we", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00012-00007393-00007720": "really want to look at some things and we talked about this a little bit back", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00013-00007720-00008230": "in November when we were talking about differential diagnosis of certain issues", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00014-00008230-00008672": "but we're going to hit on it a little bit again here", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00015-00008672-00009184": "so 16 principles for trauma-informed assessment we need to promote trauma", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00016-00009184-00009697": "awareness and understanding and as you'll see when we get to the adverse", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00017-00009697-00010159": "childhood experiences or events there are a lot of things that can happen in", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00018-00010159-00010588": "childhood that are traumatic that as adults we look back and we're like well", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00019-00010588-00010963": "you know we don't really think of that as traumatic because it's not traumatic", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00020-00010963-00011356": "to us at the time it may be stressful but we wouldn't consider it traumatic", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00021-00011356-00011925": "but to a child it could be totally overwhelming so we want to help promote", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00022-00011925-00012388": "trauma awareness and understanding not only among other clinicians and our", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00023-00012388-00012742": "clients but also in the community so people in the community can understand", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00024-00012742-00013243": "hey you know what may be traumatic for one person may not be for another but it", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00025-00013243-00013782": "doesn't mean that it's not traumatic we want to recognize that trauma related", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00026-00013782-00014257": "symptoms and behaviors originated from adapting to traumatic experiences these", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00027-00014257-00014751": "are the best solutions that somebody had at that particular point in time to deal", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00028-00014751-00015213": "with something that was extraordinary we view trauma in the context of", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00029-00015213-00015712": "individuals environments so you know if their environment is supportive and", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00030-00015712-00016129": "healthy and helpful they may not experience as much trauma", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00031-00016129-00016669": "impact as someone who is in a chaotic environment we minimize the risks of", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00032-00016669-00017184": "retraumatization or replicating prior trauma dynamics and we can do that a lot", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00033-00017184-00017647": "of ways just and we really don't mean to but bringing somebody in and like", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00034-00017647-00018097": "jumping right into the assessment and treating them kind of like a like a", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00035-00018097-00018388": "number and where they don't feel like they have a say where they feel", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00036-00018388-00018883": "disempowered that can be part of it or asking them detailed questions about a", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00037-00018883-00019303": "prior trauma can reach Ramat eyes them so there are a lot of things we're going", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00038-00019303-00019972": "to talk about we need to create a safe environment both emotionally and", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00039-00019972-00020506": "physically so you know emotionally we don't want to clients to feel like", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00040-00020506-00020898": "they're being interrogated we don't want them to feel uncomfortable but", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00041-00020898-00021442": "physically we want them to be able to look around and feel safe and for what", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00042-00021442-00021895": "for each client for each trauma there may be something a little bit different", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00043-00021895-00022410": "you know for example if somebody went through a hurricane a really bad", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00044-00022410-00022843": "hurricane whether it was Andrew or Ivan or you know we've had some bad ones in", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00045-00022843-00023506": "Florida you know when they hear thunder and when we get those hurricane watches", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00046-00023506-00023884": "that come out and everybody starts packing and preparing somebody who's", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00047-00023884-00024498": "been traumatized before may start having a resurgence of trauma symptoms so if", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00048-00024498-00024916": "they're working with you or if they're a client of yours we want to help them", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00049-00024916-00025369": "feel safe where they are so all right you know bad storms coming we're going", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00050-00025369-00025785": "to hunker down this is what we do this is our protocol that way they feel like", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00051-00025785-00026212": "they're not in harm's way we want to identify recovery from trauma as a", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00052-00026212-00026587": "primary goal it's not just one of those things that will self-correct when we", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00053-00026587-00027102": "deal with your depression it's a primary issue that we may need to focus on not", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00054-00027102-00027447": "everybody is going to want to focus on it but it's one we want to help clients", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00055-00027447-00028024": "understand how their trauma may be impacting them and they can say yes or", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00056-00028024-00028501": "they can say no but that's we educate and then go from there we want to", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00057-00028501-00029032": "support control choice and autonomy among clients so they have control how", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00058-00029032-00029549": "quickly they delve into trauma details whether they delve into trauma details", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00059-00029549-00029918": "they have choices about the types of treatment and they have a certain level", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00060-00029918-00030482": "of autonomy in going through that we create collaborative relationships and", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00061-00030482-00030983": "participation opportunities and familiarize clients with trauma-informed", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00062-00030983-00031633": "services what does this mean and hopefully by the end of the series", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00063-00031633-00032126": "you'll understand how trauma-informed services are different than just regular", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00064-00032126-00032522": "old services and hopefully we're all working towards trauma-informed that's", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00065-00032522-00033098": "like culturally responsive hopefully our agencies are embracing these notions", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00066-00033098-00033734": "already where were recognizing that things we do can have a inadvertent", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00067-00033734-00034073": "negative impact so we're being more sensitive we want to incorporate", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00068-00034073-00034529": "universal routine screenings for trauma anybody that comes in you know let's", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00069-00034529-00034997": "just give them a screening for trauma it we don't have to go super in-depth but", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00070-00034997-00035552": "to see if something's there and ideally encourage primary care physicians I have", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00071-00035552-00036083": "one that works right next door so that's why I always point over there ideally", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00072-00036083-00036467": "have primary care physicians also incorporate Universal retreatin", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00073-00036467-00036803": "screenings for their for their clients so they can refer to mental health", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00074-00036803-00037235": "should there be a trauma history we want to view trauma through a socio-cultural", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00075-00037235-00037850": "lens you know what caused the trauma and are there certain factors that are", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00076-00037850-00038351": "continuing to perpetuate the trauma in the current environment is there", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00077-00038351-00038753": "intergenerational trauma we want to look at kind of what's going on and because", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00078-00038753-00039298": "of that trauma even if it happened back then you know whenever then is are there", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00079-00039298-00039752": "deficits or are there things that are keeping people from being able to", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00080-00039752-00040220": "completely recover from that trauma we want to use a strengths focus", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00081-00040220-00040846": "perspective to promote resilience foster trauma resistant skills demonstrate", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00082-00040846-00041309": "organizational and administrative commitment to trauma-informed care or ti", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00083-00041309-00041795": "C and develop strategies to address secondary trauma and promote self-care", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00084-00041795-00042263": "secondary trauma is sort of the burn out or the experiences that we get from", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00085-00042263-00042683": "hearing about trauma on a pretty consistent basis", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00086-00042683-00043148": "I mean we hear a lot of stuff even if we're not characterizing it as this is a", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00087-00043148-00043544": "trauma session you know when we're working with somebody who's depressed or", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00088-00043544-00043999": "who's anxious and we're getting a life history we hear a lot so we need to have", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00089-00043999-00044363": "adequate resources because if we're going to start screening for trauma", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00090-00044363-00044756": "we're going to start hearing more about it if we're hearing more about it it's", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00091-00044756-00045308": "going to impact us more because we care so because of that what can we do to", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00092-00045308-00045926": "protect ourselves protect our staff members and make sure that our that our", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00093-00045926-00046609": "environment stays healthy and we want to provide hope that recovery is possible", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00094-00046609-00047174": "so the first step in all of this is screening we want to offer", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00095-00047174-00047684": "psychoeducation and support from the outset of service prevent provision so", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00096-00047684-00048110": "whenever anybody comes into your office whether you're a caseworker whether", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00097-00048110-00048490": "you're a clinic mental health clinician or you're a medical doctor or a", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00098-00048490-00049130": "physician's assistant we want to start creating a therapeutic alliance that", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00099-00049130-00049580": "educates people about what trauma is what depression is what anxiety is and", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00100-00049580-00050051": "provide support from the outset so they know that they can talk to us and they", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00101-00050051-00050477": "can say you know I'm having this experience we want to explain the", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00102-00050477-00050954": "screening and assessment and pacing of the initial intake some people are like", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00103-00050954-00051379": "well what's the difference between screening and assessment and some places", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00104-00051379-00052013": "we don't really do screening if somebody comes to our facility they say you know", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00105-00052013-00052459": "I want to enroll in services then we just jump straight to the assessment", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00106-00052459-00052883": "screening is often done by your prevention team and your outreach team", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00107-00052883-00053150": "too you go into communities you go to", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00108-00053150-00053905": "wellness fairs you know primary care physicians may do mourning or primary", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00109-00053905-00054398": "care physicians may do initial screenings when people come in so it's", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00110-00054398-00054770": "important to note help clients understand what screening is if they're", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00111-00054770-00055054": "like well I already talked about this with my doctor and that's why I'm here", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00112-00055054-00055502": "well that's great you gave him some information that helped him see that you", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00113-00055502-00055958": "needed a referral let me see if I can help understand a little bit more about", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00114-00055958-00056360": "what's going on process really helps me learn more so we", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00115-00056360-00056924": "can develop a plan of action and help them understand that the pacing of the", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00116-00056924-00057461": "initial intake and the evaluation process is partly set by them we don't", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00117-00057461-00058066": "want them to feel like they're just a number a cog in the machine whatever", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00118-00058066-00058616": "metaphor you want to use we want them to feel like they have some control so if", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00119-00058616-00059359": "things start getting to a we can back off when I used to do assessment salon", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00120-00059359-00060053": "we had a assessment trauma screening set of questions that we would ask and for", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00121-00060053-00060515": "some reason it was like the eighth ninth and tenth question that you asked", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00122-00060515-00060863": "somebody from the minute you met them and I never liked that because I didn't", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00123-00060863-00061451": "feel we had any report going yet so I always would skip that section and come", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00124-00061451-00061835": "back to it later and then when I came to it I would always broach it by saying", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00125-00061835-00062252": "you know some of this may be really difficult for you to talk about if you", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00126-00062252-00062648": "don't feel comfortable answering questions you don't have to so let them", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00127-00062648-00063185": "know that they have the option of non-response and that's okay because it", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00128-00063185-00063689": "may be true traumatic to go through the most important domains to screen among", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00129-00063689-00064117": "individuals with trauma histories or potential trauma histories are there", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00130-00064117-00064642": "trauma related symptoms so if somebody was a victim of sexual sexual assault at", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00131-00064642-00065045": "some point in the past you know we want to talk about what are some current", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00132-00065045-00065579": "trauma related symptoms you may be experiencing and they may identify none", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00133-00065579-00066035": "and you're like okay no problem or they may still have occasional flashbacks or", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00134-00066035-00066419": "whatever the case is we're just gonna talk about it because bringing it up", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00135-00066419-00066875": "normalizes it so they don't think well that happened 15 years ago I shouldn't", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00136-00066875-00067385": "still be experiencing this so I'm not gonna say anything I just need to suck", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00137-00067385-00067754": "it up and deal with it no let's bring it out in the open let's talk about it so", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00138-00067754-00068350": "we can figure out how to help you eliminate or mitigate that symptom", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00139-00068350-00068930": "depressive or dissociative or intrusive symptoms and sleep disturbances we know", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00140-00068930-00069380": "that mental health stuff is probably going to get worse if sleep starts to", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00141-00069380-00069623": "get disrupted you know the less somebody can", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00142-00069623-00069976": "sleep especially if they go to sleep and then they wake up like two hours later", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00143-00069976-00070274": "and they're up all night long kind of pacing the floor", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00144-00070274-00070787": "we know that's a higher risk for increasing depression and and other", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00145-00070787-00071275": "symptoms so we want to see what's triggering that is it the trauma or is", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00146-00071275-00071758": "it something else and you know past and present mental health issues I don't", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00147-00071758-00072230": "like the word mental disorders but that's what the text used severity and", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00148-00072230-00072676": "characteristics of the specific trauma type so you know was it interpersonal", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00149-00072676-00073156": "violence was it a combat experience if you're working with law enforcement they", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00150-00073156-00073787": "have what's considered chronic low-grade repetitive trauma because they see", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00151-00073787-00074291": "people on the worst day of their lives and they see things with regularity not", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00152-00074291-00074614": "every day but they see things with regularity that no person should ever", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00153-00074614-00075106": "have to see so you know what are we talking about are we talking about that", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00154-00075106-00075731": "or are we talking about adverse childhood events or experiences and if I", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00155-00075731-00076357": "can get it to come up and that can include physical abuse sexual abuse", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00156-00076357-00076967": "emotional abuse physical or emotional neglect intimate partner violence if the", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00157-00076967-00077407": "mother of the child was treated violently if there was substance misuse", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00158-00077407-00077936": "not even addiction but substance misuse within the household household mental", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00159-00077936-00078513": "illness parental separation or divorce or an incarcerated household member", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00160-00078513-00079163": "those are like I think the top ten adverse childhood experiences that they", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00161-00079163-00079535": "identified and if you think about the clients that you've worked with and", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00162-00079535-00079989": "maybe even think about yourself you know you probably have one or two of those in", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00163-00079989-00080717": "your history so thinking about you know for some people they have enough other", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00164-00080717-00081263": "strengths and protective factors that it's not that traumatic for other people", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00165-00081263-00081704": "it's extremely traumatic so we want to you know talk about those adverse", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00166-00081704-00082195": "childhood events and screen for them if the person has substance abuse you know", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00167-00082195-00082526": "let's let's screen for that a lot of people with trauma histories try to numb", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00168-00082526-00082932": "it out try to deal with some of the anxiety and the flashbacks", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00169-00082932-00083449": "and stuff with with drugs we want to assess their social support and coping", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00170-00083449-00083901": "styles you know do they have people that they can talk to do they have healthy", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00171-00083901-00084675": "coping mechanisms that they use to deal with the symptoms of trauma and you know", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00172-00084675-00085038": "that can run the gamut and we also want to look if you're dealing with something", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00173-00085038-00085500": "that's a proximal trauma like and even for some people right now it's still", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00174-00085500-00085855": "pretty proximal and I think it was Harvey I can never remember the names of", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00175-00085855-00086277": "the Hurricanes but the hurricane that hit Texas this year you know that was", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00176-00086277-00086674": "pretty daggone traumatic for a lot of people and they're still dealing with it", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00177-00086674-00087195": "so what sort of resources and social support do you have right now and then", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00178-00087195-00087760": "as FEMA and everybody else starts to disappear what social support and", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00179-00087760-00088251": "resources are still available in the community and to you among your friends", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00180-00088251-00088630": "and family because maybe half your family had to be displaced to some other", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00181-00088630-00089167": "state okay so we want to look at what's going on for that person at that point", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00182-00089167-00089694": "in time with regard to the trauma what are the risks for self-harm suicide and", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00183-00089694-00090087": "violence and we want to do a health screening to see if there are any other", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00184-00090087-00090651": "health factors either related to the trauma maybe they if they were sexually", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00185-00090651-00091275": "assaulted they could have contracted an STD or HIV or hepatitis or you know we", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00186-00091275-00091737": "want to look and see if there's anything else that may be going on that might be", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00187-00091737-00092256": "related discussing the occurrences or Consequences of traumatic events can", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00188-00092256-00092757": "feel unsafe and dangerous to the client as if the event were reoccurring now if", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00189-00092757-00093466": "you've been a survivor of any sort of crime especially but you know it's true", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00190-00093466-00093927": "even with other types of traumas like hurricanes where people are like well", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00191-00093927-00094387": "tell me what happened so you you're retelling the event and every time you", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00192-00094387-00094938": "retell the event is kind of like ripping the scab out off the open wound so we", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00193-00094938-00095595": "don't want to have people feel like they're being violated over again we", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00194-00095595-00095970": "don't want to encourage avoidance of the topic or reinforce the belief that", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00195-00095970-00096391": "discussing the trauma related material is dangerous to them but we", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00196-00096391-00096922": "also want to be cognizant and we want to be careful and you know how would we", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00197-00096922-00097473": "want to be treated and how would we want somebody to approach us if we had been", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00198-00097473-00097972": "raped or robbed or seeing somebody murdered or been in the middle of a", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00199-00097972-00098491": "hurricane and lost our our house and all of our belongings initial questions", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00200-00098491-00098967": "about trauma should be general and gradual have you ever experienced trauma", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00201-00098967-00099495": "for example if so you know maybe what kind of trauma where you were you the", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00202-00099495-00100119": "victim or did in personally or did you experience the trauma and then gradually", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00203-00100119-00100548": "get into it and if they start getting too upset you know you can pause or you", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00204-00100548-00101169": "can encourage them and empower them to take a timeout you know let them know", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00205-00101169-00101655": "that all they have to do is say the word and you guys can take a timeout by going", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00206-00101655-00101998": "over the answers of the questions with the client you can gain a deep", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00207-00101998-00102485": "understanding of what's going on and how the trauma may be impacting that person", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00208-00102485-00103075": "now you probably still at best have met the person three times by this point", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00209-00103075-00103438": "when you're finishing up this part of the assessment most places the whole", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00210-00103438-00104004": "whole assessment is done in one sitting so we're still kind of guessing about", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00211-00104004-00104548": "whether their symptoms are the direct result of trauma or whether their", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00212-00104548-00104875": "symptoms are caused by something else but you can start seeing how trauma", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00213-00104875-00105405": "might be influencing things and also you can start seeing how you might need to", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00214-00105405-00105930": "alter or things you might need to be cognizant of when working with this", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00215-00105930-00106386": "particular client ask all clients about any history of trauma and use a", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00216-00106386-00106965": "checklist do I increase the proper identification of such a history the ACE", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00217-00106965-00107430": "study is one that you can give them if so they can identify adverse childhood", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00218-00107430-00108030": "events and we're going to talk pretty soon in here about the fact that one way", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00219-00108030-00108526": "of doing a less intrusive trauma screening is by letting people do a", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00220-00108526-00108958": "paper/pencil inventory obviously they need to be able to read and write to", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00221-00108958-00109434": "complete that and if not you're going to have to read it to them and mark it for", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00222-00109434-00109807": "them if they do it paper/pencil it can be it", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00223-00109807-00110269": "can feel less humiliating and less violating than having to sit there and", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00224-00110269-00110772": "tell somebody you've known for 45 minutes about the worst day of your life", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00225-00110772-00111229": "use only validated instruments for screening and assessment so if you're", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00226-00111229-00111640": "going to use instruments the stressful life experiences screen is a checklist", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00227-00111640-00112054": "of traumas that also considers the clients view of the impact of those", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00228-00112054-00112492": "traumas on life functioning so you can see if your agency can start using that", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00229-00112492-00113017": "one and then the National Center for PTSD website offers similar instruments", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00230-00113017-00113473": "and they're not all directed just at veterans so that's another resource that", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00231-00113473-00113992": "you might be able to find free validated instruments because I know cost is a big", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00232-00113992-00114508": "issue for a lot of agencies integration with the EMR is also a big issue but", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00233-00114508-00114970": "that's a different podcast in early treatment screen all clients who have", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00234-00114970-00115348": "histories of exposure to traumatic events for psychological symptoms and", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00235-00115348-00115959": "mental disorders related to trauma when the client screens positive also screen", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00236-00115959-00116317": "for suicidal ideation and behaviors because sometimes when people are", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00237-00116317-00116783": "struggling with trauma it gets so bad that they feel like it needs to stop", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00238-00116783-00117253": "treatment and protocol improvement protocol 50 addressing suicidal thoughts", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00239-00117253-00117768": "and behaviors in substance abuse treatment from Samsa free free", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00240-00117768-00118191": "publication you can get talks about things that you can do there", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00241-00118191-00118600": "be aware that some clients won't make the connection between trauma and their", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00242-00118600-00119065": "history and their current patterns of behavior such as substance use or", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00243-00119065-00119596": "avoidant behavior and domestic violence that among their parents when they were", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00244-00119596-00119971": "growing up or whatever the case may be and that's okay you know", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00245-00119971-00120388": "remember the stages of readiness for change pre contemplation I don't have a", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00246-00120388-00120933": "problem contemplation there might be an issue same sort of thing here people may", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00247-00120933-00121627": "say that has nothing to do with this pre contemplation contemplation okay maybe", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00248-00121627-00122233": "you got a point maybe there is some connection but again we are going to", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00249-00122233-00122854": "probably morph in our understanding of what's causing their symptoms as we go", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00250-00122854-00123285": "through the first few sessions of treatment don't require", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00251-00123285-00123718": "clients to describe emotionally overwhelming traumatic events in detail", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00252-00123718-00124204": "and focus the assessment on how the trauma symptoms in fact impact the", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00253-00124204-00124693": "client's current functioning you know if it happened 10 years ago spending a", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00254-00124693-00125143": "whole bunch of time talking about the next six months isn't gonna do a whole", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00255-00125143-00125581": "lot of good right now in especially in this early assessment you may have a", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00256-00125581-00126067": "reason to go back there later but we do want to look at how might that be still", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00257-00126067-00126676": "impacting you today for example survivors of certain crimes", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00258-00126676-00127161": "may have difficulty sleeping because they're afraid they can't let their", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00259-00127161-00127558": "guard down consider using paper pencil instruments", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00260-00127558-00127903": "for screening because it can be less threatening talk about how you're going", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00261-00127903-00128428": "to use the findings when you start going into this trauma stuff and I usually do", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00262-00128428-00128791": "it at the beginning talk about how you use the findings to plan the clients", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00263-00128791-00129210": "treatment and discuss any immediate action necessary such as arranging for", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00264-00129210-00129711": "interpersonal support referrals to community agencies or whether you need", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00265-00129711-00130066": "to move directly into active phase of treatment because it is really bothering", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00266-00130066-00130507": "them right now but this helps them understand you're not just collecting", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00267-00130507-00130986": "this data for giggles you know there's a reason for it and you're going to you", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00268-00130986-00131383": "know hopefully you're going to help them improve their quality of life it's", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00269-00131383-00131749": "helpful to explore the strategies clients have used in the past that have", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00270-00131749-00132115": "worked to relieve strong emotions now notice I didn't say anything about", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00271-00132115-00132568": "trauma here when we start talking about the trauma it'll probably bring up", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00272-00132568-00133081": "strong emotions okay well we need to know before we start you know opening", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00273-00133081-00133582": "that wound opening that box that the client can deal with the strong emotions", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00274-00133582-00134272": "can kind of put the lid back on the box and recompose themselves make sure the", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00275-00134272-00134626": "client is grounded and safe before leaving your office after you do an", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00276-00134626-00135181": "assessment too often it's easy to say okay well it was nice meeting you you", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00277-00135181-00135448": "know we can start counseling next Tuesday at nine o'clock", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00278-00135448-00135934": "Yatta Yatta have a good day bye-bye but we want to make sure that the client is", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00279-00135934-00136439": "really grounded before they leave readiness to lead can be assessed by", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00280-00136439-00136729": "checking on the degree to which the client is conscious of the current", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00281-00136729-00137258": "environment so obviously if they were like terribly upset and crying and yada", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00282-00137258-00137689": "yada you're not gonna you know kick them out the door you know you want them to", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00283-00137689-00138464": "regain their composure a little bit and be able to tell you kind of where they", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00284-00138464-00138848": "are how they're feeling what they're getting ready to go do you know get sort", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00285-00138848-00139366": "of that orientation to time and place what the clients plan is for maintaining", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00286-00139366-00139757": "personal safety if it got to the point where you think they might become", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00287-00139757-00140336": "suicidal they're in a really raw crisis point and what the clients plans are for", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00288-00140336-00140834": "the rest of the day so using some mindfulness activities safety planning", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00289-00140834-00141386": "and you know future planning so you can again kind of be screening a little bit", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00290-00141386-00142015": "for what are you gonna do and are you going to be safe ongoing assessment", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00291-00142015-00142526": "should still be completed to help track changes in the presence frequency and", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00292-00142526-00142949": "intensity of symptoms you want to learn the relationships among the clients", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00293-00142949-00143471": "trauma presenting issues and if any their substance abuse or substance use", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00294-00143471-00143897": "and you may not even know that what right away you know that substance use", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00295-00143897-00144572": "piece may not come out until later I was working with a client once and she told", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00296-00144572-00145097": "me you know we've been working together for I don't know a few weeks and at one", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00297-00145097-00145664": "point she called to cancel her session and she sounded intoxicated and we", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00298-00145664-00146164": "started talking a little bit and she said yeah I need to put back gay 1/5", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00299-00146164-00146594": "every night before I go to bed that way my husband can have sex with me and I'm", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00300-00146594-00146972": "too unconscious to realize it and I'm like whoa whoa whoa wait a minute wait a", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00301-00146972-00147596": "minute so that became a treatment issue there but the substance use and you know", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00302-00147596-00148216": "that particular coping behavior hadn't come up in our in our sessions until", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00303-00148216-00148664": "that particular point and I think partly because she was disinhibited because she", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00304-00148664-00149162": "was still inebriated she may not have normally said that if she was in my", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00305-00149162-00149624": "office so understanding that some of this stuff may come out a", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00306-00149624-00150107": "a little bit later and as the trauma symptoms get worse do the presenting", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00307-00150107-00150430": "psychological symptoms get worse if they have an eating disorder", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00308-00150430-00150953": "does that get worse sometimes it does adjust diagnosis and treatment plans is", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00309-00150953-00151319": "needed you know sometimes trauma is a three", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00310-00151319-00151736": "steps forward one step back I don't like to in one because that just doesn't seem", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00311-00151736-00152108": "as productive a lot of times clients can do three steps forward but then they may", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00312-00152108-00152564": "need to hold for a while or they may regress a little bit in their mental", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00313-00152564-00153038": "health symptoms because the trauma has become so overpowering that's okay let's", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00314-00153038-00153488": "stop maybe we need to practice some dialectical behavior therapy skills", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00315-00153488-00154010": "something to help you manage your strong emotions whatever it is so be willing to", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00316-00154010-00154538": "modify that treatment plan and ideally review on a weekly basis is there", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00317-00154538-00154874": "anything that needs to change do you feel like we're going too fast too slow", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00318-00154874-00155444": "and select prevention strategies to avoid more pervasive traumatic stress", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00319-00155444-00156017": "syndrome symptoms so what does that mean that means well number one let's not", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00320-00156017-00157480": "retraumatization people do that help prevent trauma even if they're exposed", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00321-00157480-00158057": "to traumatic events good social support strong health behaviors if they're", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00322-00158057-00158498": "getting enough sleep eating a good diet if they're not using alcohol or other", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00323-00158498-00159067": "drugs that could potentially mess up their neurotransmitters infusing", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00324-00159067-00159619": "happiness into their life you know those are all things that can help people", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00325-00159619-00160241": "prevent trauma one of the screening things after a traumatic event to", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00326-00160241-00160736": "identify people who are at higher risk not necessarily is not indicative but", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00327-00160736-00161263": "it's a screening tool for people who may be at higher risk for developing PTSD is", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00328-00161263-00161834": "this event for this person has this person had mental health symptoms or", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00329-00161834-00162323": "substance abuse issues in the past six months had they had multiple stressors", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00330-00162323-00162977": "in the last six months did this event occur in one of their safe places", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00331-00162977-00163544": "you know when I was at the University of Florida unfortunately we had the rash of", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00332-00163544-00164051": "student murders and you know I used to go jogging at 10 o'clock at night on", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00333-00164051-00164572": "campus with my headphones on I couldn't hear squat because I felt safe you know", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00334-00164572-00165212": "erroneously but I felt safe and after that happened nobody felt safe whereas", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00335-00165212-00165578": "if you hear about a serial killer in an entire different entirely different", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00336-00165578-00166073": "state you're like oh well sucks to be them so if it happens closer to one of", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00337-00166073-00166580": "your safe zones your home especially in your home or in your neighborhood it can", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00338-00166580-00167120": "be more traumatic and how similar are you if you weren't the victim how", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00339-00167120-00167597": "similar are you to the victims so a lot of cops will go out on you know", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00340-00167597-00168068": "especially drownings drownings tend to be really difficult if they go out and a", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00341-00168068-00168533": "toddler is drowned in a pool and they happen to have a toddler at home it hits", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00342-00168533-00169169": "them a lot harder in many cases than people who either have grown children or", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00343-00169169-00169736": "especially people who've never had children because it just does and", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00344-00169736-00170183": "there's a certain amount of you can almost see your own child in the water", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00345-00170183-00170779": "sometimes so it's important to recognize that and the final thing we look at is", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00346-00170779-00171476": "did the person get social support adequate social support within 4 hours 4", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00347-00171476-00172277": "hours not 24 not 48 the window before somebody starts you know boxing it up", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00348-00172277-00172718": "and putting it somewhere is about 4 hours now the first 24 hours is also a", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00349-00172718-00173138": "crucial period for getting social support so if you don't get it in the", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00350-00173138-00173771": "first 4 hours all is not lost first 24 hours you know is also really important", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00351-00173771-00174548": "after that it's helpful but it's not as it's not as helpful so those are things", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00352-00174548-00174986": "that we look at similarity the victim availability of social support within", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00353-00174986-00175454": "four hours mental health problems substance abuse problems and stressors", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00354-00175454-00176216": "within prior six months and whether it was close to a safe zone or a home zone", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00355-00176216-00176667": "creating we want to clarify for the client what to expect in the screening", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00356-00176667-00177054": "and assessment process and approach the client in a matter-of-fact yet", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00357-00177054-00177621": "supportive nature this is what happened and you know sometimes if you have been", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00358-00177621-00178284": "a survivor of some sort of trauma it may and I use the term a very strongly be", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00359-00178284-00178845": "appropriate to share and it may not a lot of times it's not is it's too much", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00360-00178845-00179445": "self disclosure at that point but you also may share that you know you've", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00361-00179445-00179889": "worked with hundreds of rape victims or you've worked with hundreds of you know", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00362-00179889-00180378": "people who've survived a loved one's suicide or whatever the case is respect", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00363-00180378-00180795": "the clients personal space not everybody wants to be touched actually a lot of", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00364-00180795-00181359": "people don't so we want to be respectful and even if it's not touching somebody", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00365-00181359-00181755": "even moving over and sitting on the couch next to them because you want to", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00366-00181755-00182301": "comfort them may not be what they want provide culturally appropriate symbols", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00367-00182301-00183051": "of safety in the physical environment so you know find things that represent your", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00368-00183051-00183579": "particular populations and you can you know the populations you work with be", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00369-00183579-00183963": "aware of your own emotional responses to hearing clients trauma histories you", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00370-00183963-00184590": "know sometimes it can be devastating to hear and to empathize and imagine what", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00371-00184590-00185076": "it must have been like being that person but we need to be able to be the ones", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00372-00185076-00185691": "that can as I've said before kind of put on the rappelling gear and rappel down", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00373-00185691-00186213": "there you know into the depths into the abyss with them but we need to keep that", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00374-00186213-00186615": "rappelling gear on we need to be able to pull ourselves out of it so we can help", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00375-00186615-00187203": "them come back up and we need to overcome linguistic barriers via and", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00376-00187203-00187665": "interpreter and trauma-informed care is really difficult if you're having to", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00377-00187665-00188160": "work via and interpreter because you have a third person in the room and all", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00378-00188160-00188685": "that kind of stuff but it's better than nothing we want to elicit only", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00379-00188685-00189021": "information necessary for determining a history of trauma and the possible", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00380-00189021-00189475": "existence and extent of traumatic stress syndrome and related disorders this", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00381-00189475-00190003": "not the time to have them write a narrative of their trauma even if a", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00382-00190003-00190480": "client wants to tell his or her trauma story it's your job to serve as a", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00383-00190480-00191023": "gatekeeper and preserve that client safety so you may say something like you", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00384-00191023-00191443": "know I hear you're really eager to work on this and I would love to hear more", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00385-00191443-00192145": "about it but right now you know I think it may be overwhelming to go into this", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00386-00192145-00192712": "at this juncture so you know let's table that so we can talk about it maybe next", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00387-00192712-00193132": "session or or whatever the case may be because you don't want them you know 45", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00388-00193132-00193555": "minutes into an hour assessment to start telling you the trauma narrative and", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00389-00193555-00194224": "then you know be in crisis your tone of voice when suggesting postponement of", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00390-00194224-00194629": "discussion of trauma is also very important avoid conveying the message", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00391-00194629-00194917": "you know I really don't want to hear about this right now I don't have time", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00392-00194917-00195103": "we got to get you out of here in 15 minutes", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00393-00195103-00195709": "No explore with them and explain to them that you don't want them to get", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00394-00195709-00196099": "overwhelmed and you want to be able to give that issue the attention that it", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00395-00196099-00196636": "that it deserves give the client as much personal control as possible during the", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00396-00196636-00197086": "assessment by presenting a rationale for the interview and making it clear that", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00397-00197086-00197575": "the client has the right to refuse to answer any questions you know and I also", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00398-00197575-00198166": "tell clients because I still do paper/pencil you have the right to see", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00399-00198166-00198646": "anything I right now you know this is your file so you know they don't feel", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00400-00198646-00199063": "like there's something being said like I'm writing down something that they're", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00401-00199063-00199540": "crazy or whatever it is that they may be concerned about they have the right if", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00402-00199540-00199966": "they can decipher my chicken scratch they can read anything they want that I", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00403-00199966-00200368": "write down and that a lot of times makes clients feel a little bit more", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00404-00200368-00200863": "comfortable about divulging stuff giving the client the option of being", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00405-00200863-00201262": "interviewed by someone of the gender with which he or she is most comfortable", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00406-00201262-00201748": "so just because I'm a woman doesn't necessarily mean that a woman who has", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00407-00201748-00202267": "been traumatized wants to talk to me she may feel more comfortable talking to a", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00408-00202267-00202777": "male therapist and postponing the interview if necessary you", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00409-00202777-00203032": "self-administered checklists rather than interviews when", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00410-00203032-00203391": "possible and allow time for the client to become calm and oriented to the", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00411-00203391-00203851": "present if he or she has a very intent emotional response when we're calling or", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00412-00203851-00204235": "acknowledging the trauma so even if you're not doing the full trauma", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00413-00204235-00204622": "assessment or even if you're in the middle of the trauma assessment they", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00414-00204622-00204990": "start to get upset you can call the timeout and say all right let me let you", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00415-00204990-00205440": "take a couple breaths for a few minutes or however you whatever you want to say", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00416-00205440-00206101": "and then we'll carry on we don't need to push through this right now let's I can", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00417-00206101-00206479": "see you're really struggling avoid phrases that imply judgement about the", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00418-00206479-00206910": "trauma for example don't say to a client who survived Hurricane Katrina and lost", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00419-00206910-00207457": "family members it was God's will I know that was tough or it must have just been", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00420-00207457-00207996": "her time to pass or some things happen and they're just meant to be", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00421-00207996-00208491": "none of those make people feel better most of the time you know they're select", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00422-00208491-00209067": "few but you don't want to minimize their feelings of grief and loss and their", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00423-00209067-00209610": "frustration of lack of control over the situation provide feedback about the", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00424-00209610-00210010": "results of the screening and keep in mind the clients vulnerability ability", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00425-00210010-00210538": "to access resources their strengths and their coping strategies so as we're", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00426-00210538-00210942": "going through as I'm providing information about the screening or the", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00427-00210942-00211459": "assessment to them you know I'm going to provide what they can handle based on", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00428-00211459-00211917": "the resources that they have I'm going to make treatment recommendations based", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00429-00211917-00212338": "on the resources they have access to and beware of the possible legal", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00430-00212338-00212823": "implications of assessment and this is a big one information gathered can", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00431-00212823-00213241": "necessitate mandatory reporting to authorities even when the client doesn't", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00432-00213241-00213744": "want the information disclosed so you need to know what the rules are if you", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00433-00213744-00214317": "have an adult client disclosing prior sexual abuse when he or she was a minor", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00434-00214317-00214948": "are you mandated in your state to report you know any of that trauma stuff that", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00435-00214948-00215467": "may can't come up just be really aware of your mandatory reporting laws ask the", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00436-00215467-00215905": "client to state what he or she observes if you need to help them get grounded", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00437-00215905-00216238": "you can guide the client through the exercise", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00438-00216238-00216802": "by saying things like you seem to feel very angry right now this may be related", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00439-00216802-00217306": "to what happened in the past you're safe so let's try to stay in the present can", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00440-00217306-00217753": "you take a slow deep breath relax your shoulders put your feet on the floor and", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00441-00217753-00218302": "let's talk about what day and time it is what's on the wall or you know", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00442-00218302-00218866": "mindfulness exercise tell me three things that you're hearing right now or", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00443-00218866-00219301": "what else can you do to feel okay in your body right now some people need to", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00444-00219301-00219832": "get up and walk around they feel very vulnerable if they're having to sit", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00445-00219832-00220375": "still so that's important help the client decrease the intensity of effect", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00446-00220375-00220834": "by using something called the emotion dial so imagine that your emotions are", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00447-00220834-00221284": "controlled by a little dial or a remote control you know we don't usually have", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00448-00221284-00221619": "dials anymore but imagine turning down the volume of", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00449-00221619-00222392": "your emotions so 10 9 8 and kind of count them through it", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00450-00222392-00222792": "encourage them this is not something we generally do you know we just finished", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00451-00222792-00223240": "anger management but you can encourage people to clench their fists because it", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00452-00223240-00223726": "can help move the energy into their hands and then they can let it go and", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00453-00223726-00224238": "shake it out I think a lot of us do this sort of", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00454-00224238-00224629": "involuntarily if you will or unconsciously when we start getting", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00455-00224629-00224962": "stressed stressed out or we start getting ready to do something we're kind", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00456-00224962-00225436": "of worried about I know I do like alright alright I can do this alright", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00457-00225436-00225991": "let's go I'm ready guided imagery can be used to help them", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00458-00225991-00226471": "visualize a safe place now if they are emotionally charged if you've been", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00459-00226471-00227223": "talking about trauma forcing them to close their eyes is well don't force", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00460-00227223-00227626": "them to do anything but even suggesting that they close their eyes may be a", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00461-00227626-00228157": "little bit threatening so you might if you want them to consider that you can", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00462-00228157-00228519": "say something like I know it might be scary to close your eyes right now so", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00463-00228519-00228921": "you don't have to you can just look at a space on the wall that's totally cool or", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00464-00228921-00229313": "but if you want to close your eyes you know I'm here", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00465-00229313-00229855": "and to make sure that it stays a safe place for you you strengths-based", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00466-00229855-00230383": "questions so if you're talking to them and they're they're really upset talk", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00467-00230383-00230830": "about how challenging it must have been and you know how did you survive that", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00468-00230830-00231427": "how did you get through three weeks living in a shelter how did you survive", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00469-00231427-00232075": "after that event happened what strengths did you have that helped you survive", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00470-00232075-00232882": "that trauma distract the client from unbearable emotional states and you know", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00471-00232882-00233359": "sometimes it's hard to help them calm down because they are so emotionally", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00472-00233359-00233881": "disregulated at this point so have them identify five things they see hear smell", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00473-00233881-00234569": "feel in order to get more grounded sometimes and if it's safe and if", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00474-00234569-00235019": "there's an appropriate place to do it you can go out and walk around to help", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00475-00235019-00235538": "the client get moving again and kind of get reoriented you can ask the client to", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00476-00235538-00236025": "focus on recent and future events like tell me when you got up this morning", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00477-00236025-00236677": "tell me everything you did until you got here or what's your to-do list", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00478-00236677-00237079": "what do you need to get done this week so tell me a few things that you need to", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00479-00237079-00237488": "get done today or this week so it's putting them somewhere else mentally", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00480-00237488-00238150": "instead of right smack dab in that trauma help the clients use self-talk to", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00481-00238150-00238777": "remind himself or herself of current safety issues so where they may start", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00482-00238777-00239251": "feeling anxious again using positive self-talk to tell themself I'm safe", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00483-00239251-00239701": "that's not happening right now is important encourage them to use", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00484-00239701-00240344": "distractions such as counting to return the focus to current reality I use that", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00485-00240344-00240835": "y'all know I've got an irrational fear of bridges and I use that when I go over", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00486-00240835-00241300": "bridges I either say Hail Marys or I say my ABCs", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00487-00241300-00241876": "and you know it's whatever works for you but it gets me over the bridge and I'm", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00488-00241876-00242332": "not thinking about it the whole time somatosensory techniques such as toe", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00489-00242332-00243056": "wiggling or touching a chair or shaking their leg can also help get them", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00490-00243056-00243492": "refocus because they're focusing on a body part what they're doing right then", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00491-00243492-00243911": "sometimes having them stand up and do ten squats can help too if they just", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00492-00243911-00244439": "really need to move progressive muscular relaxation is another good one that can", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00493-00244439-00244901": "be used to help clients ground because when they start to get upset they start", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00494-00244901-00245408": "getting tension everywhere just like we do when we get upset so encouraging them", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00495-00245408-00245998": "to notice the difference between tense and relax and as they relax notice the", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00496-00245998-00246530": "energy and the stress moving out of those muscles and down and out so yeah", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00497-00246530-00247217": "that can be great I don't have a lot of experience with EMDR but one of you", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00498-00247217-00247646": "shares the EMDR is also excellent for teaching grounding so that's another", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00499-00247646-00248225": "avenue to explore finally ask the client to use breathing techniques if they", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00500-00248225-00248623": "breathe in through their nose and exhale through their mouth in four three hold", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00501-00248623-00249344": "for three out for three it triggers the relaxation response in the body so it", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00502-00249344-00249866": "starts secreting relaxation hormones you can also have the client place his or", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00503-00249866-00250313": "her hand on her abdomen and then watch his or her hand go up and down while the", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00504-00250313-00250889": "belly expands and contracts some people are more willing to do this than others", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00505-00250889-00251317": "but you know there are different activities you can provide them a list", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00506-00251317-00251698": "of things they can do and encourage them to practice them at home and put a", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00507-00251698-00252080": "checkmark by the ones that work because they may feel stupid trying multiple", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00508-00252080-00252464": "things while they're in your office and I've had clients tell me that before and", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00509-00252464-00252983": "I'm like cool well here's a checklist do it for homework and come back and tell", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00510-00252983-00253573": "me which three on here worked best for you barriers and challenges it's not", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00511-00253573-00253988": "necessarily easy or obvious to identify an individual who has survived trauma", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00512-00253988-00254378": "even with screening but definitely without screening you can't just look at", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00513-00254378-00254951": "somebody and go trauma survivor trauma survivor some clients may deny that", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00514-00254951-00255311": "they've encountered trauma and its effects even after being screened and", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00515-00255311-00255887": "for some clients it may not be denial it may be that they've already they got", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00516-00255887-00256127": "enough support and they had enough protective factors", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00517-00256127-00256612": "that it didn't have a lasting impact because we know that not everybody", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00518-00256612-00257207": "develops PTSD or even acute stress disorder so we know there are some", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00519-00257207-00257678": "mitigating factors in there does it change I mean it's something", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00520-00257678-00258209": "that's imprinted in people's brains it's a learning experience what whatever kind", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00521-00258209-00258686": "of learning you want to label it so it is having an impact in some way but it", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00522-00258686-00259175": "may not be what's precipitating their psychological symptoms the two main", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00523-00259175-00259628": "barriers to the evaluation of trauma and related issues are clients not reporting", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00524-00259628-00260296": "the trauma because they didn't consider it traumatic or a history of trauma that", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00525-00260296-00260978": "encompasses the experience of a traumatic event and clients not", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00526-00260978-00261503": "reporting trauma because they don't perceive it as traumatic the other", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00527-00261503-00261946": "barrier is providers overlooking trauma and its effects we just assume if", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00528-00261946-00262238": "somebody has a trauma they'll tell us about it and then we'll deal with the", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00529-00262238-00262733": "PTSD well trauma does a whole lot more than just PTSD trauma can cause", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00530-00262733-00263648": "generalized anxiety phobias depression it may not rise to PTSD clients failed", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00531-00263648-00264131": "to report because of concern for safety they may fear more abuse for revealing", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00532-00264131-00264638": "the trauma or they may fear repercussions of some other sort fear of", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00533-00264638-00265211": "being judged shame about being victimized reticence about talking with", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00534-00265211-00265673": "others in response to the trauma so they may not you know they may not just want", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00535-00265673-00266159": "to discuss it they may not want to go to a support group not recalling past", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00536-00266159-00266693": "trauma through dissociation denial or repression although the research shows", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00537-00266693-00267218": "that blockage of all trauma memory is very rare so a lot of times it's one of", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00538-00267218-00267674": "these other things but some people may have completely blocked it out a lack of", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00539-00267674-00268334": "a trust in others if they were victimized by someone who was a trusted", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00540-00268334-00268976": "authority figure a physician a pastor a somebody you know that may carry over to", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00541-00268976-00269442": "you being an authority figure and I'm not trusting you not seeing the", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00542-00269442-00269832": "event is traumatic feeling reluctant to discuss something that might bring up", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00543-00269832-00270189": "uncomfortable feelings they may know it's still an issue but they just aren't", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00544-00270189-00270576": "don't want to go there because when they've tried to go there before and a", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00545-00270576-00270957": "lot of times they've tried to do self-help work it's been so overwhelming", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00546-00270957-00271569": "that they're just like I can't so one thing that we can do is you know if we", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00547-00271569-00272103": "think this may be the case present you know the first couple of sessions you", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00548-00272103-00272523": "talk on talk about emotion management and emotional regulation and preventing", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00549-00272523-00273012": "vulnerabilities and really build that person's self-efficacy and their", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00550-00273012-00273696": "resources up before you start going into that issue and they may just be tired of", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00551-00273696-00274203": "being interviewed or asked being asked to fill out forms and don't believe it", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00552-00274203-00274470": "matters anyway you know sometimes again we make them", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00553-00274470-00274875": "feel like they're just this is something we got to do and next week when you come", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00554-00274875-00275292": "then I'll actually pay attention to what your needs are don't do that", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00555-00275292-00275886": "trauma-informed care starts at the very beginning providers also may not screen", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00556-00275886-00276207": "for trauma because we don't want to inquire about traumatic events and", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00557-00276207-00276690": "symptoms because these questions are not part of our normal program or standard", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00558-00276690-00277242": "intake practices trauma-informed care would say make it apart we may", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00559-00277242-00277635": "underestimate the impact of trauma on clients physical and mental health and", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00560-00277635-00278007": "yes it impacts their physical health too because it impacts it causes stress", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00561-00278007-00278622": "which can cause GI stuff and lots of cascade effects from that wonderful HPA", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00562-00278622-00279102": "axis we may not scream because we believe that treatment should focus", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00563-00279102-00279570": "solely on presenting symptoms rather than exploring the potential origins or", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00564-00279570-00280080": "aggravators of symptoms I tend to be more psychodynamic and I look at how is", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00565-00280080-00280650": "the past impacting you in the present in my practice but that's my perspective a", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00566-00280650-00281028": "lack of training or feelings of incompetence in effectively treating", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00567-00281028-00281439": "trauma related problems so if you don't feel like you know what to do with a", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00568-00281439-00282239": "rape survivor or you know whatever the trauma is get education get consultation", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00569-00282239-00282642": "or not knowing how to respond therapeutic ly to a client's report of", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00570-00282642-00283326": "trauma we may also fear that probing trauma will be too disturbing for", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00571-00283326-00283719": "clients they're not that breakable they probably think about it a lot but they", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00572-00283719-00284481": "have the ability if we empower them to say whoa not going to work for me we may", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00573-00284481-00285003": "not use a common language with clients that elicit a report of trauma so if we", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00574-00285003-00285509": "say were you abused as a child what their definition of abuse is and what", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00575-00285509-00286074": "the adverse childhood experiences definition of abuse and neglect is maybe", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00576-00286074-00286496": "very very different so they may think of abuse as being beaten to a bloody pulp", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00577-00286496-00287124": "whereas we're looking for something a lot less dramatic than that concern that", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00578-00287124-00287475": "if disorders are identified clients will require treatment that the counselor or", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00579-00287475-00287909": "program doesn't feel capable of providing make sure you have trauma", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00580-00287909-00288495": "resources if not within your own agency that you can refer to insufficient time", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00581-00288495-00288939": "for assessment to explore trauma histories or symptoms well that's an", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00582-00288939-00289305": "agency level thing that we need to do yeah you don't want to rip off a scab", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00583-00289305-00289542": "and then go okay well your five minutes is up", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00584-00289542-00290145": "toodles that's not compassionate is not safe it's not okay and untreated trauma", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00585-00290145-00290622": "related symptoms of the counselor other staff members and administrators so", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00586-00290622-00291176": "there may be a culture within your organization because of staff members", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00587-00291176-00291555": "who've experienced trauma that says you know we really don't want to go here", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00588-00291555-00291930": "right now and hopefully that's not the case but it was one of the reasons", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00589-00291930-00292548": "identified one of the reasons we made misdiagnosed or under-diagnosed trauma", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00590-00292548-00292920": "related stuff because you're sitting there scratching your head going you", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00591-00292920-00293229": "know I see clients all the time and don't see that much trauma related stuff", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00592-00293229-00293721": "well maybe you do and you just don't notice it a lot of the general", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00593-00293721-00294129": "instruments that we use to evaluate mental issues are not sufficiently", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00594-00294129-00294615": "sensitive to differentiate PTSD symptoms and can miss classify them as other", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00595-00294615-00295188": "disorders for example intrusive post-traumatic symptoms that show up on", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00596-00295188-00295680": "general measures can indicate or the general measure can say this person's", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00597-00295680-00296275": "having hallucinations orbs sessions not flashbacks dissociative", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00598-00296275-00296626": "symptoms may come up as indicative of schizophrenia", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00599-00296626-00297214": "instead of PTSD trauma based cognitive symptoms can be scored as evidence for", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00600-00297214-00297658": "paranoia or other delusional issues that they start withdrawing they see", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00601-00297658-00298156": "negativity they see the world is not being safe it sounds paranoid or", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00602-00298156-00298600": "delusional but if you look at it from their perspective from what they've gone", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00603-00298600-00299164": "through it makes perfect sense mood and anxiety disorders have symptoms that", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00604-00299164-00299926": "overlap with trauma so we want to make sure that if there's PTSD or acute", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00605-00299926-00300448": "stress in there we're identifying that in addition to the anxiety and the", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00606-00300448-00301000": "depression and impulsive behaviors and concentration problems which are present", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00607-00301000-00301705": "in in trauma can also show up as ADHD so again what is causing the symptoms and", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00608-00301705-00302239": "what is the function of the behaviors many of the symptoms of borderline", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00609-00302239-00302794": "personality disorder also overlap including patterns have been intense", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00610-00302794-00303406": "interpersonal relationships impulsivity mood swings going through the PTSD", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00611-00303406-00303919": "criteria you know think about it I would encourage you to open your dsm-5 and", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00612-00303919-00304506": "review those criteria and think about it in terms of is this PTSD or is this", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00613-00304506-00304993": "borderline personality disorder what might trigger this what kind of trauma", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00614-00304993-00305554": "might trigger this kind of reaction now you can have both you can have", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00615-00305554-00306081": "borderline personality and PTSD but we want to make sure that we don't miss", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00616-00306081-00306559": "addressing the trauma issues that may be the undercurrent that's maintaining the", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00617-00306559-00307066": "mental health problems cultural factors such as norms for expressing", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00618-00307066-00307561": "psychological distress defining trauma and seeking help can affect how traumas", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00619-00307561-00308116": "are experienced the meaning assigned to the events how trauma related symptoms", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00620-00308116-00308860": "are expressed some cultures somatosensory level of emotionality", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00621-00308860-00309524": "other cultures have a very reserved emotionality and some have avoidant", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00622-00309524-00309883": "behavior so you know you want to be aware of the culture and of the", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00623-00309883-00310300": "individual when you get stressed how do you generally handle it", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00624-00310300-00310802": "culture can also affect willingness to express distress or identify trauma with", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00625-00310802-00311390": "a behavioral health service provider it may affect whether a specific pattern of", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00626-00311390-00311840": "behavior emotional expression or cognitive process is considered abnormal", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00627-00311840-00312248": "and there are certain culture bound symptoms that are related to trauma that", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00628-00312248-00312923": "are considered very normal responses willingness to seek treatment inside and", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00629-00312923-00313499": "outside of one's own culture can affect how people deal with trauma their", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00630-00313499-00314327": "response to treatment and the treatment outcome the attacked inner nerviosa is a", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00631-00314327-00314753": "Latino culture bound symptom that includes intense emotional upset in", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00632-00314753-00315347": "response to a traumatic or stressful event in the family nerviosa has a wide", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00633-00315347-00315767": "range of emotional distress symptoms including headaches nervousness", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00634-00315767-00316331": "cheerfulness stomach discomfort difficulty sleeping and dizziness so you", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00635-00316331-00317027": "know you're really seeing panic stress anxiety stuff right here soo stow is the", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00636-00317027-00317369": "term meaning fright and is attributed to a traumatic or frightening event that", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00637-00317369-00317780": "causes the soul to leave the body resulting in illness and unhappiness and", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00638-00317780-00318310": "extreme cases may result in death symptoms include appetite or sleep", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00639-00318310-00318890": "disturbances sadness lack of motivation low self-esteem and somatic symptoms so", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00640-00318890-00319489": "DSM sort of translation would look at major depressive disorder so is this", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00641-00319489-00320324": "major depressive disorder is this soos though it's important to create a safe", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00642-00320324-00321140": "space for assessment and that means not only being kind and warm and all that", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00643-00321140-00321658": "stuff but making sure it feels safe to the person don't have them sit with", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00644-00321658-00322076": "their back to the door that can feel very threatening maybe they don't want", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00645-00322076-00322370": "to be sitting in a room where the windows are open where people can see", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00646-00322370-00322746": "them in your you know a lot of therapists who have", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00647-00322746-00323257": "offices and there have the benefit of windows like to have the curtains open", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00648-00323257-00323797": "so people can look outside and see nature or whatever but some clients are", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00649-00323797-00324365": "very put off by that so ask clients what would help you feel safe in this", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00650-00324365-00324817": "environment clinicians need to be aware of the reasons they may not want to", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00651-00324817-00325273": "screen for trauma as well as the reasons people may choose not to disclose so", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00652-00325273-00326005": "it's their right not to disclose and it's up to us it's incumbent upon us to", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00653-00326005-00326494": "know our own stuff and deal with it so we can screen for it it doesn't mean we", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00654-00326494-00327052": "necessarily have to treat it but ideally we can work through our own stuff so we", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00655-00327052-00327594": "can provide adequate treatment to people with trauma issues because there's a", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00656-00327594-00328117": "significant percentage of people have experienced trauma the most important", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00657-00328117-00328504": "domains to screen are their trauma related symptoms depressive symptoms", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00658-00328504-00329080": "past and present medical disorder mental disorders severity or characteristics of", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00659-00329080-00329578": "the specific trauma now we're not going into the whole narrative here I just", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00660-00329578-00330082": "want to know you know how frequent was it how bad was it you know did your", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00661-00330082-00330466": "father beat you to a pulp or did he use a belt and smack you on the rump once", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00662-00330466-00331147": "you know what are we talking about here substance abuse it does it is it going", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00663-00331147-00331576": "on with this person because that might contribute not only to impulsive", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00664-00331576-00332053": "behaviors but also it might contribute to mood symptoms social support and", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00665-00332053-00332586": "coping styles do they have adequate social support and do they have", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00666-00332586-00333145": "effective coping mechanisms what are their available resources and what are", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00667-00333145-00333614": "the resources in the community you know can you refer to an EMDR clinician can", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00668-00333614-00334051": "you refer to you know some other resource that can provide additional", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00669-00334051-00334579": "services are there support groups if the person wants to go there what is their", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00670-00334579-00335053": "risk for self-harm suicide or violence and have they had a health screening", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00671-00335053-00335485": "recently to make sure there's no underlying physical issues that need to", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00672-00335485-00335742": "be addressed", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00673-00335881-00336374": "okay so we went through a lot of stuff and one other question came up as far as", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00674-00336374-00336875": "ongoing assessments to use throughout therapy I don't know of any instruments", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00675-00336875-00337628": "that are really useful for ongoing assessments what I typically do in my", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00676-00337628-00338589": "practice is make some sort of a protocol for doing an assessment at each at each", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00677-00338589-00339039": "contact you know so I can identify if the person had future plans if they had", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00678-00339039-00339596": "any signs of suicidal or homicidal ideation what their life skills were", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00679-00339596-00340109": "like if they were oriented times for yada-yada that goes at the beginning of", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00680-00340109-00340877": "every single one of my progress notes if they identify specific trauma related", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00681-00340877-00341330": "symptoms you may add that to their progress notes so you can assess it each", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00682-00341330-00341793": "week to identify you know are the flashbacks reducing in frequency and", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00683-00341793-00342590": "intensity and stuff like that any other questions", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00684-00343311-00343855": "all righty everybody have an amazing weekend and I will see you next week on", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00685-00343855-00346771": "Tuesday if you enjoy this podcast please like and subscribe either in your", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00686-00346771-00347173": "podcast player or on YouTube you can attend and participate in our live", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00687-00347173-00347581": "webinars with doctor Snipes by subscribing at all CEUs dot-com /", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00688-00347581-00348115": "counselor toolbox this episode has been brought to you in part by all CEUs calm", "bJHX1xP1zKE-00689-00348115-00348595": "providing 24/7 multimedia continuing education 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You are now signed in to your NY", "bJVfES8Lmng-00005-00003232-00003976": "State of Health account and can begin filling out your application or renewing your health plan."}}, {"audio_id": "bK0_pHBD718", "text": {"bK0_pHBD718-00000-00000310-00000557": "Thank you very much.", "bK0_pHBD718-00001-00000567-00001121": "Really I travelled quite a long way from Beijing to tell you", "bK0_pHBD718-00002-00001131-00001304": "two things.", "bK0_pHBD718-00003-00001314-00001695": "This is obviously the first year of economic reform.", "bK0_pHBD718-00004-00001705-00002041": "We just saw the whole package of reform", "bK0_pHBD718-00005-00002052-00002375": "put together by the new government in November", "bK0_pHBD718-00006-00002385-00002495": "last year.", "bK0_pHBD718-00007-00002505-00002842": "But everything is just about to start.", "bK0_pHBD718-00008-00002852-00003109": "So we're going to see lots of uncertainties.", "bK0_pHBD718-00009-00003119-00003486": "And there are lots of tests facing the government", "bK0_pHBD718-00010-00003496-00003883": "both in terms of whether they will be decisive enough", "bK0_pHBD718-00011-00003893-00004130": "in pushing ahead with all of the reforms.", "bK0_pHBD718-00012-00004140-00004474": "And at the same time, you push ahead with the reform", "bK0_pHBD718-00013-00004484-00005011": "without triggering any systemic risk or crisis.", "bK0_pHBD718-00014-00005021-00005148": "These are the two things that are", "bK0_pHBD718-00015-00005158-00005465": "very hard to balance for the policymakers.", "bK0_pHBD718-00016-00005475-00005902": "I'm sure it's a tough choice for all government.", "bK0_pHBD718-00017-00005912-00006092": "But the second thing I'd like to say,", "bK0_pHBD718-00018-00006102-00006750": "if we do see implementation of a large part of the programme", "bK0_pHBD718-00019-00006759-00007193": "announced in November last year, we are about to see a major", "bK0_pHBD718-00020-00007203-00007434": "transformation of the Chinese economy,", "bK0_pHBD718-00021-00007444-00007747": "which we have been talking about for quite a while.", "bK0_pHBD718-00022-00007757-00008131": "That could involve lots of things happening", "bK0_pHBD718-00023-00008141-00008621": "in the next decade or two-- slowing growth, rising", "bK0_pHBD718-00024-00008631-00009038": "inflation, improving income distribution,", "bK0_pHBD718-00025-00009048-00009369": "probably more balanced economic structure,", "bK0_pHBD718-00026-00009379-00009699": "accelerated industrial upgrading and probably", "bK0_pHBD718-00027-00009709-00009973": "more dramatic economic cycles.", "bK0_pHBD718-00028-00009983-00010320": "So in fact in a five to 10 years,", "bK0_pHBD718-00029-00010330-00010597": "we may see a Chinese economy which", "bK0_pHBD718-00030-00010607-00010904": "will be very, very different from what it is today,", "bK0_pHBD718-00031-00010914-00011401": "or what used to be the case.", "bK0_pHBD718-00032-00011411-00011735": "If I can get that to work.", "bK0_pHBD718-00033-00011745-00012185": "But what is transforming the Chinese economy", "bK0_pHBD718-00034-00012195-00012499": "is probably just beyond what I just", "bK0_pHBD718-00035-00012509-00012796": "mentioned about the economic reforms.", "bK0_pHBD718-00036-00012806-00013169": "There are three sets of factors affecting the economy", "bK0_pHBD718-00037-00013179-00013283": "simultaneously.", "bK0_pHBD718-00038-00013293-00013903": "And these contributed to change in the economy.", "bK0_pHBD718-00039-00013913-00014237": "Number one, we have technological factors", "bK0_pHBD718-00040-00014247-00014507": "like the new energy.", "bK0_pHBD718-00041-00014517-00014924": "Shale gas in the US is having a big impact on China already.", "bK0_pHBD718-00042-00014934-00015155": "And China is stepping up its efforts", "bK0_pHBD718-00043-00015165-00015452": "in developing its own shale gas.", "bK0_pHBD718-00044-00015462-00015859": "But more importantly at the time, what we are seeing now,", "bK0_pHBD718-00045-00015869-00016186": "is that the internet is revolutionising", "bK0_pHBD718-00046-00016196-00016473": "many, many parts of the economy.", "bK0_pHBD718-00047-00016483-00016806": "We already know that e-commerce accounts", "bK0_pHBD718-00048-00016816-00017100": "for 7% of the total retail sales.", "bK0_pHBD718-00049-00017110-00017537": "It's actually almost eliminates all the physical bookstores", "bK0_pHBD718-00050-00017547-00017670": "in the country.", "bK0_pHBD718-00051-00017680-00017937": "And I'm not sure if you're aware,", "bK0_pHBD718-00052-00017947-00018321": "e-finance is becoming a new force", "bK0_pHBD718-00053-00018331-00018605": "in the financial industry.", "bK0_pHBD718-00054-00018615-00018938": "So lots of things actually changing", "bK0_pHBD718-00055-00018948-00019245": "because of the technological factors.", "bK0_pHBD718-00056-00019255-00019612": "The second factor is also important.", "bK0_pHBD718-00057-00019622-00019929": "It's relates to the market conditions.", "bK0_pHBD718-00058-00019939-00020186": "So we are expecting some improvement", "bK0_pHBD718-00059-00020196-00020557": "in external markets, which probably", "bK0_pHBD718-00060-00020567-00020837": "means export sector will do somewhat", "bK0_pHBD718-00061-00020847-00021144": "better this year than before.", "bK0_pHBD718-00062-00021154-00021448": "However, we think the overall picture", "bK0_pHBD718-00063-00021458-00021788": "in terms of exports for the Chinese exports", "bK0_pHBD718-00064-00021798-00022068": "is now become a lot more constrained", "bK0_pHBD718-00065-00022078-00022368": "compared to the last three decades.", "bK0_pHBD718-00066-00022378-00022796": "This is because even if the global economy is recovering,", "bK0_pHBD718-00067-00022806-00023042": "we are expecting a much to slower trend", "bK0_pHBD718-00068-00023052-00023239": "growth for the global economy.", "bK0_pHBD718-00069-00023249-00023750": "This is also because the economic structure within China", "bK0_pHBD718-00070-00023760-00023977": "is changing very quickly.", "bK0_pHBD718-00071-00023987-00024411": "What it used to do well may no longer be the case.", "bK0_pHBD718-00072-00024421-00024767": "So even if the global economy, particularly the US economy,", "bK0_pHBD718-00073-00024778-00025148": "recovers this year, if it's led by consumption,", "bK0_pHBD718-00074-00025158-00025381": "it'll be a good story for China.", "bK0_pHBD718-00075-00025391-00025665": "If it's led by investment, the story", "bK0_pHBD718-00076-00025675-00025869": "probably-- it'll still be good, but it", "bK0_pHBD718-00077-00025879-00026169": "will be less good for the Chinese export sector.", "bK0_pHBD718-00078-00026179-00026473": "But mostly importantly, China is now", "bK0_pHBD718-00079-00026483-00026783": "a large country in the global market.", "bK0_pHBD718-00080-00026793-00027227": "And as you probably heard, whatever China buys,", "bK0_pHBD718-00081-00027237-00027360": "it becomes expensive.", "bK0_pHBD718-00082-00027370-00027740": "And whatever China sells, it becomes cheap.", "bK0_pHBD718-00083-00027750-00028164": "And that is the reason why growth of Chinese export", "bK0_pHBD718-00084-00028174-00028441": "becomes a lot more constrained than before.", "bK0_pHBD718-00085-00028451-00028792": "We used to experience 30% export growth", "bK0_pHBD718-00086-00028802-00029072": "every year almost for 30 years.", "bK0_pHBD718-00087-00029082-00029222": "It would no longer be possible.", "bK0_pHBD718-00088-00029232-00029572": "Simply think about international politics.", "bK0_pHBD718-00089-00029582-00029769": "There is another factor which is also", "bK0_pHBD718-00090-00029779-00030243": "very important domestically in terms of the market condition.", "bK0_pHBD718-00091-00030253-00030580": "That is the so-called Lewis turning point.", "bK0_pHBD718-00092-00030590-00030894": "The labour market has already shifted from surplus", "bK0_pHBD718-00093-00030904-00031034": "to shortage.", "bK0_pHBD718-00094-00031044-00031404": "And we are seeing wages rising very dramatically probably", "bK0_pHBD718-00095-00031414-00031811": "by 15% to 20% for seven, eight years now.", "bK0_pHBD718-00096-00031821-00032065": "And that is transforming the Chinese industry", "bK0_pHBD718-00097-00032075-00032305": "in a very significant way.", "bK0_pHBD718-00098-00032315-00032582": "The most important factor obviously, the last factor,", "bK0_pHBD718-00099-00032592-00033049": "is institutional change.", "bK0_pHBD718-00100-00033059-00033366": "Last year there were lots of discussions", "bK0_pHBD718-00101-00033376-00033703": "in Chinese and international media", "bK0_pHBD718-00102-00033713-00033980": "about the new economic policy framework", "bK0_pHBD718-00103-00033990-00034150": "of the new government.", "bK0_pHBD718-00104-00034160-00034541": "The key reason why this became such a big topic was", "bK0_pHBD718-00105-00034551-00035121": "because most people realised that the older model of growth", "bK0_pHBD718-00106-00035131-00035311": "was no longer sustainable.", "bK0_pHBD718-00107-00035321-00035638": "And the new leaders kept talking about the need", "bK0_pHBD718-00108-00035648-00036089": "to change the growth model and implement all the reforms.", "bK0_pHBD718-00109-00036099-00036346": "But until November, we didn't really", "bK0_pHBD718-00110-00036356-00036573": "see a comprehensive package.", "bK0_pHBD718-00111-00036583-00036800": "And it is why there were lots of different versions", "bK0_pHBD718-00112-00036810-00037260": "of the so-called likonomics in the media, in the market,", "bK0_pHBD718-00113-00037270-00037570": "and even in China, lots of discussions.", "bK0_pHBD718-00114-00037580-00037981": "But anyway, now we are seeing the full script", "bK0_pHBD718-00115-00037991-00038344": "of the package in November.", "bK0_pHBD718-00116-00038354-00038691": "The Third Plenum of the 18th Party Congress.", "bK0_pHBD718-00117-00038701-00039085": "It contains 60 points altogether.", "bK0_pHBD718-00118-00039095-00039312": "It's a very comprehensive package.", "bK0_pHBD718-00119-00039322-00039729": "And I would have to say, most of the Chinese economists and even", "bK0_pHBD718-00120-00039739-00040073": "many policymakers were quite impressed", "bK0_pHBD718-00121-00040083-00040280": "when the package was released.", "bK0_pHBD718-00122-00040290-00040777": "And it probably went further than most people expected.", "bK0_pHBD718-00123-00040787-00041311": "But if you look at the package as a whole,", "bK0_pHBD718-00124-00041321-00041608": "three key features stand out compared", "bK0_pHBD718-00125-00041618-00041951": "to the previous reforms we used to implement.", "bK0_pHBD718-00126-00041961-00042375": "Number one is the so-called top level authority.", "bK0_pHBD718-00127-00042385-00042862": "The Chinese reform was often described as bottom", "bK0_pHBD718-00128-00042872-00042999": "up approach.", "bK0_pHBD718-00129-00043009-00043353": "So for instance, the farming and householder responsibility", "bK0_pHBD718-00130-00043363-00043536": "system in agriculture.", "bK0_pHBD718-00131-00043546-00043883": "It was essentially experimented by farmers themselves.", "bK0_pHBD718-00132-00043893-00044270": "And the government simply adopted it as a national policy", "bK0_pHBD718-00133-00044280-00044474": "since it worked.", "bK0_pHBD718-00134-00044484-00044674": "But now it's no longer possible.", "bK0_pHBD718-00135-00044684-00045014": "The so-called crossing the river by touching the stones", "bK0_pHBD718-00136-00045024-00045378": "is no longer a viable option because there's no longer", "bK0_pHBD718-00137-00045388-00045739": "stones to be touched especially if you think about the interest", "bK0_pHBD718-00138-00045749-00046032": "rate liberalisation, capital account liberalisation.", "bK0_pHBD718-00139-00046042-00046516": "You do need top level design, systemic design, in order", "bK0_pHBD718-00140-00046526-00046816": "to put together a workable plan.", "bK0_pHBD718-00141-00046826-00047230": "The second very important reason why we need top level decision", "bK0_pHBD718-00142-00047240-00047484": "now, which is obviously a departure", "bK0_pHBD718-00143-00047494-00047744": "from our previous reform approach,", "bK0_pHBD718-00144-00047754-00048091": "is that you need the top level authority in order", "bK0_pHBD718-00145-00048101-00048528": "to overcome domestic resistance to the reforms.", "bK0_pHBD718-00146-00048538-00048932": "So one very good example was in 2006,", "bK0_pHBD718-00147-00048942-00049335": "the State Council published a policy document", "bK0_pHBD718-00148-00049345-00049612": "called 36 Articles.", "bK0_pHBD718-00149-00049622-00049983": "The purpose of the document was to encourage private capital", "bK0_pHBD718-00150-00049993-00050256": "entering the monopoly industry.", "bK0_pHBD718-00151-00050266-00050623": "Five years later, there was no progress.", "bK0_pHBD718-00152-00050633-00050847": "And so the State Council announced", "bK0_pHBD718-00153-00050857-00051217": "another policy called the New 36 Articles,", "bK0_pHBD718-00154-00051227-00051601": "again to encourage the private capital entering the monopoly", "bK0_pHBD718-00155-00051611-00051701": "industry.", "bK0_pHBD718-00156-00051711-00051928": "Again there was little progress.", "bK0_pHBD718-00157-00051938-00052252": "And the State Council is still working on it.", "bK0_pHBD718-00158-00052262-00052495": "There are obviously lots of different explanations", "bK0_pHBD718-00159-00052505-00052649": "of why that was the case.", "bK0_pHBD718-00160-00052659-00053159": "But one reason was probably because the vast interest", "bK0_pHBD718-00161-00053169-00053460": "groups were so strong, even the government was not", "bK0_pHBD718-00162-00053470-00053660": "strong enough to overcome them.", "bK0_pHBD718-00163-00053670-00053997": "So this is why the very high level,", "bK0_pHBD718-00164-00054007-00054514": "the so-called leading group, of comprehensive reform--", "bK0_pHBD718-00165-00054524-00055088": "it's headed by the President and assisted by a group of the most", "bK0_pHBD718-00166-00055098-00055428": "senior officials both from the Party and from the government.", "bK0_pHBD718-00167-00055438-00055819": "So hopefully that will change the way", "bK0_pHBD718-00168-00055829-00056049": "the reforms are implemented.", "bK0_pHBD718-00169-00056059-00056442": "The second key feature of the new reform programme is", "bK0_pHBD718-00170-00056453-00057010": "the so-called Completing the Market Reform.", "bK0_pHBD718-00171-00057020-00057343": "China has been implementing market oriented reforms", "bK0_pHBD718-00172-00057353-00057504": "for 35 years.", "bK0_pHBD718-00173-00057514-00057864": "But it still is an uncompleted project.", "bK0_pHBD718-00174-00057874-00058101": "And one of the ways I would look at it", "bK0_pHBD718-00175-00058111-00058308": "is you look at the product market", "bK0_pHBD718-00176-00058318-00058638": "from agriculture, manufacturing, and the services sector,", "bK0_pHBD718-00177-00058648-00058892": "they're almost completely liberalised.", "bK0_pHBD718-00178-00058902-00059112": "But you look at the input markets--", "bK0_pHBD718-00179-00059122-00059489": "the markets for labour, for capital, for land, for energy,", "bK0_pHBD718-00180-00059499-00059836": "for water, and so on-- they remain heavily distorted.", "bK0_pHBD718-00181-00059846-00060246": "And in most cases, the costs have been depressed,", "bK0_pHBD718-00182-00060256-00060717": "which means for 35 years we have been subsidising implicitly", "bK0_pHBD718-00183-00060727-00061090": "the corporate sector but taxing the Chinese household.", "bK0_pHBD718-00184-00061100-00061574": "This was one reason, I think, why we saw a very unique growth", "bK0_pHBD718-00185-00061584-00061708": "model in China.", "bK0_pHBD718-00186-00061718-00061995": "On the one hand, the growth has been very strong.", "bK0_pHBD718-00187-00062005-00062285": "That's why people call it economic miracle.", "bK0_pHBD718-00188-00062295-00062655": "At the same time, you saw all the structural problems--", "bK0_pHBD718-00189-00062665-00062976": "like imbalance problems, inequality problems,", "bK0_pHBD718-00190-00062986-00063179": "pollution problems, and so on.", "bK0_pHBD718-00191-00063189-00063433": "That's why former Premier Wen Jiabao once", "bK0_pHBD718-00192-00063443-00063890": "said this growth model is uncoordinated, unbalanced,", "bK0_pHBD718-00193-00063900-00064187": "inefficient, and therefore unsustainable.", "bK0_pHBD718-00194-00064197-00064554": "So what we needed to do now is to complete the transition", "bK0_pHBD718-00195-00064564-00064871": "to the market system within the next seven years", "bK0_pHBD718-00196-00064881-00065398": "because 2020 is the year we want to achieve breakthroughs", "bK0_pHBD718-00197-00065408-00065712": "in terms of the reforms.", "bK0_pHBD718-00198-00065722-00066232": "The last key feature is more about justice and equity", "bK0_pHBD718-00199-00066242-00066643": "overruling efficiency and development.", "bK0_pHBD718-00200-00066653-00067023": "So in the past, all the reform policies", "bK0_pHBD718-00201-00067033-00067520": "would end up focusing on growth, on economic development.", "bK0_pHBD718-00202-00067530-00067857": "This time, there are more discussions about the need", "bK0_pHBD718-00203-00067867-00068254": "to tolerate slow growth in order to push ahead", "bK0_pHBD718-00204-00068264-00068384": "with the structural reform.", "bK0_pHBD718-00205-00068394-00068882": "So I think this is actually a very different approach.", "bK0_pHBD718-00206-00068892-00069255": "Now as I explained, this is the reason", "bK0_pHBD718-00207-00069265-00069576": "why the next six or seven years, we're", "bK0_pHBD718-00208-00069586-00069866": "going to see major breakthroughs.", "bK0_pHBD718-00209-00069876-00070096": "But the key areas we are going to see", "bK0_pHBD718-00210-00070106-00070710": "change-- the removal of the remaining distortions,", "bK0_pHBD718-00211-00070720-00071107": "the remaining interventions by the State in the economy.", "bK0_pHBD718-00212-00071117-00071548": "And I would focus a lot more on the [inaudible], the state", "bK0_pHBD718-00213-00071558-00071958": "sector, of the local government, investment vehicles, and even", "bK0_pHBD718-00214-00071968-00072175": "some financial institutions.", "bK0_pHBD718-00215-00072185-00072495": "At the same time looking at liberalising the markets", "bK0_pHBD718-00216-00072505-00073166": "for labour, for capital, for land, for energy, for water,", "bK0_pHBD718-00217-00073176-00073276": "and so on.", "bK0_pHBD718-00218-00073286-00073666": "This would be the key to push the economy", "bK0_pHBD718-00219-00073676-00074197": "through the transformation toward a new growth model.", "bK0_pHBD718-00220-00074207-00074487": "If you look at the Chinese economy today,", "bK0_pHBD718-00221-00074497-00074878": "my own sense is transition has already started.", "bK0_pHBD718-00222-00074888-00075185": "The growth model is already changing.", "bK0_pHBD718-00223-00075195-00075508": "Now as I said, there are two ways", "bK0_pHBD718-00224-00075518-00075778": "of looking at the Chinese growth model--", "bK0_pHBD718-00225-00075788-00076015": "very, very distinctive features.", "bK0_pHBD718-00226-00076025-00076282": "On the one hand, growth has been very strong.", "bK0_pHBD718-00227-00076292-00076576": "On the other hand, the imbalance problems", "bK0_pHBD718-00228-00076586-00076820": "became more and more serious.", "bK0_pHBD718-00229-00076830-00077153": "If you look at what our former Premier Wen Jiabao once", "bK0_pHBD718-00230-00077163-00077427": "listed the problems in the economy--", "bK0_pHBD718-00231-00077437-00077834": "too much investment, too little consumption, too much reliance", "bK0_pHBD718-00232-00077844-00078178": "on the export sector, pollution problem,", "bK0_pHBD718-00233-00078188-00078501": "corruption problem, and so on.", "bK0_pHBD718-00234-00078511-00078775": "However, if you look at the economy today,", "bK0_pHBD718-00235-00078785-00079235": "we start to see some change, emergence of the new growth", "bK0_pHBD718-00236-00079245-00079339": "model.", "bK0_pHBD718-00237-00079349-00079686": "First, the growth is slowing already.", "bK0_pHBD718-00238-00079696-00080053": "This year, for instance, many economists", "bK0_pHBD718-00239-00080063-00080497": "are debating whether we should set the new annual growth", "bK0_pHBD718-00240-00080507-00080887": "target at 7% or 7.5%.", "bK0_pHBD718-00241-00080897-00081504": "The reason is obviously the growth is decelerating.", "bK0_pHBD718-00242-00081514-00081781": "While people are still heatedly debating,", "bK0_pHBD718-00243-00081791-00082025": "one thing has already changed.", "bK0_pHBD718-00244-00082035-00082372": "That is that nobody now still worries about the", "bK0_pHBD718-00245-00082382-00082886": "below 8% GDP growth would mean disaster for China.", "bK0_pHBD718-00246-00082896-00083359": "That was a very strong view held by many people for decades.", "bK0_pHBD718-00247-00083369-00083586": "But that is already no longer the case.", "bK0_pHBD718-00248-00083596-00084047": "So you look at think tank's estimates of the new growth", "bK0_pHBD718-00249-00084057-00084157": "potentials.", "bK0_pHBD718-00250-00084167-00084524": "They normally range between 6% to 8%.", "bK0_pHBD718-00251-00084534-00084781": "The optimistic estimate is 8%.", "bK0_pHBD718-00252-00084791-00085104": "And the relatively less optimistic estimate", "bK0_pHBD718-00253-00085114-00085325": "is around 6%.", "bK0_pHBD718-00254-00085335-00085772": "But in January, they all agreed that the days of 10% growth", "bK0_pHBD718-00255-00085782-00085905": "is over.", "bK0_pHBD718-00256-00085915-00086196": "The reason why we are more comfortable with a slower", "bK0_pHBD718-00257-00086206-00086459": "growth today is that number one, because we", "bK0_pHBD718-00258-00086469-00086743": "saw all the [? natural ?] consequences", "bK0_pHBD718-00259-00086753-00087177": "from the government's strong support for growth.", "bK0_pHBD718-00260-00087187-00087440": "When you needed to maintain a very strong growth", "bK0_pHBD718-00261-00087450-00087874": "by increasing government investment, that can be done.", "bK0_pHBD718-00262-00087884-00088254": "That can still be done if the government wishes to do so.", "bK0_pHBD718-00263-00088264-00088555": "But you will see lots of consequences", "bK0_pHBD718-00264-00088565-00089088": "like overcapacity, inflation, asset bubble, fiscal risks,", "bK0_pHBD718-00265-00089098-00089285": "and financial risks, and so on.", "bK0_pHBD718-00266-00089295-00089486": "So actually I think the policymakers", "bK0_pHBD718-00267-00089496-00090029": "reached a new consensus that we should allow growth to slow.", "bK0_pHBD718-00268-00090039-00090313": "The second reason why they're comfortable with a slower", "bK0_pHBD718-00269-00090323-00090577": "growth is that in the past, whenever", "bK0_pHBD718-00270-00090587-00090887": "we thought 8% growth was necessarily", "bK0_pHBD718-00271-00090897-00091174": "because we worried about employment.", "bK0_pHBD718-00272-00091184-00091748": "And in 1998, when at first the 8%, the magical number,", "bK0_pHBD718-00273-00091758-00092115": "was erased, that was the time when our labour force was", "bK0_pHBD718-00274-00092125-00092452": "rising by 8 million people every year.", "bK0_pHBD718-00275-00092462-00093056": "And you needed something like 12 million new jobs every year.", "bK0_pHBD718-00276-00093066-00093209": "That's why the government thought", "bK0_pHBD718-00277-00093219-00093486": "we needed to maintain 8% growth in order", "bK0_pHBD718-00278-00093496-00093887": "to maintain full employment, to maintain social stability.", "bK0_pHBD718-00279-00093897-00094300": "Today the workforce is already declining by three million", "bK0_pHBD718-00280-00094310-00094420": "every year.", "bK0_pHBD718-00281-00094430-00094827": "And we probably need new jobs of about two million.", "bK0_pHBD718-00282-00094838-00095205": "If that was a comparable number, then we probably", "bK0_pHBD718-00283-00095215-00095852": "need comparable growth way below 7% to maintain full employment", "bK0_pHBD718-00284-00095862-00096259": "and to maintain social stability.", "bK0_pHBD718-00285-00096269-00096529": "Structure changes are also happening.", "bK0_pHBD718-00286-00096539-00096850": "And we all know that China's current account surplus already", "bK0_pHBD718-00287-00096860-00097460": "shrink from the peak of around 11% of GDP in 2007.", "bK0_pHBD718-00288-00097470-00097967": "And it remained at below 3% the last couple of years.", "bK0_pHBD718-00289-00097977-00098158": "Income distribution is also improving.", "bK0_pHBD718-00290-00098438-00098802": "Income distribution is also improving the last few years.", "bK0_pHBD718-00291-00098812-00099322": "But so far the changes were mainly driven by the changes", "bK0_pHBD718-00292-00099332-00099452": "in the labour market.", "bK0_pHBD718-00293-00099462-00099829": "As I mentioned, we already saw the Lewis turning point.", "bK0_pHBD718-00294-00099839-00100190": "The labour market is already seeing shortage problems.", "bK0_pHBD718-00295-00100200-00100620": "That's why when growth slowed the last couple of years,", "bK0_pHBD718-00296-00100630-00100954": "we didn't see new unemployment problem.", "bK0_pHBD718-00297-00100964-00101161": "We still saw labour shortage.", "bK0_pHBD718-00298-00101171-00101457": "And the wages were still rising very quickly.", "bK0_pHBD718-00299-00101467-00101895": "Wage increase had a big impact on the Chinese growth model.", "bK0_pHBD718-00300-00101905-00102322": "Number one, when wages rise, it cuts into the profit", "bK0_pHBD718-00301-00102332-00102722": "margins of production, reduces investment and returns,", "bK0_pHBD718-00302-00102732-00103096": "and it probably also hurts export competitiveness.", "bK0_pHBD718-00303-00103106-00103379": "That's why growth is slowing.", "bK0_pHBD718-00304-00103389-00103566": "But at the same time, it actually", "bK0_pHBD718-00305-00103576-00103867": "is a very positive for income distribution", "bK0_pHBD718-00306-00103877-00104334": "because low income households rely on wages,", "bK0_pHBD718-00307-00104344-00104661": "while high income household depend more", "bK0_pHBD718-00308-00104671-00104808": "on investment returns.", "bK0_pHBD718-00309-00104818-00105128": "So when a wage rises very quickly,", "bK0_pHBD718-00310-00105138-00105388": "it's kind of income redistribution", "bK0_pHBD718-00311-00105398-00105662": "from the rich people to the poor people.", "bK0_pHBD718-00312-00105672-00105915": "This is again the reason why we also", "bK0_pHBD718-00313-00105925-00106155": "start to see consumption rise again.", "bK0_pHBD718-00314-00106165-00106392": "So importantly, the change is already", "bK0_pHBD718-00315-00106402-00106659": "happening in the Chinese economy.", "bK0_pHBD718-00316-00106669-00107083": "But this is obviously mainly driven by changes in the labour", "bK0_pHBD718-00317-00107093-00107353": "market conditions, not by the policy.", "bK0_pHBD718-00318-00107363-00107827": "So this is why implementation of the comprehensive reform", "bK0_pHBD718-00319-00107837-00108441": "package approved by the Third Plenum would be very critical.", "bK0_pHBD718-00320-00108451-00108835": "Everybody is waiting for breakthroughs in the reforms.", "bK0_pHBD718-00321-00108845-00109212": "My own view is I think the most significant component", "bK0_pHBD718-00322-00109222-00109559": "of the reform-- the whole entire package--", "bK0_pHBD718-00323-00109569-00109739": "is in the financial reform.", "bK0_pHBD718-00324-00109749-00110119": "The financial reform is critical because, number one,", "bK0_pHBD718-00325-00110129-00110420": "as China moves towards a market system,", "bK0_pHBD718-00326-00110430-00110783": "we know finance will have to play a critical role", "bK0_pHBD718-00327-00110794-00111184": "in establishing the new market economy in China.", "bK0_pHBD718-00328-00111194-00111694": "Without an efficient financial system,", "bK0_pHBD718-00329-00111704-00112111": "we cannot think of a well developed market system.", "bK0_pHBD718-00330-00112121-00112415": "Second, of all of the distortions", "bK0_pHBD718-00331-00112425-00112649": "I mentioned in the factor markets,", "bK0_pHBD718-00332-00112659-00113169": "financial distortion was by far the most serious distortion", "bK0_pHBD718-00333-00113179-00113283": "in the economy.", "bK0_pHBD718-00334-00113293-00113559": "So in order to correct all of the distortions", "bK0_pHBD718-00335-00113570-00113830": "in the economic structure, we need", "bK0_pHBD718-00336-00113840-00114097": "to liberalise the financial system.", "bK0_pHBD718-00337-00114107-00114397": "But the third, as you probably all would agree,", "bK0_pHBD718-00338-00114407-00114858": "that financial liberalisation is also quite sensitive.", "bK0_pHBD718-00339-00114868-00115205": "There are lots of experiments in the emerging world,", "bK0_pHBD718-00340-00115215-00115558": "financial liberalisation leads to significant rise", "bK0_pHBD718-00341-00115568-00115728": "of systemic risk.", "bK0_pHBD718-00342-00115738-00116149": "But this is why we have to watch the financial reforms very", "bK0_pHBD718-00343-00116159-00116272": "closely.", "bK0_pHBD718-00344-00116282-00116596": "And if this is the key reason why I think this year", "bK0_pHBD718-00345-00116606-00116890": "we see lots of tests for the policymakers.", "bK0_pHBD718-00346-00116900-00117287": "I mean the baseline is if you look at the market forecast,", "bK0_pHBD718-00347-00117297-00117891": "they're all expecting GDP growth at between 7.6% to 7.7%", "bK0_pHBD718-00348-00117901-00118067": "for this year.", "bK0_pHBD718-00349-00118077-00118301": "CPI around 3%.", "bK0_pHBD718-00350-00118311-00118775": "But we may actually see downside risk is to growth this year", "bK0_pHBD718-00351-00118785-00119018": "because all the factors we're talking about.", "bK0_pHBD718-00352-00119028-00119362": "When the government tightens the controls over local government", "bK0_pHBD718-00353-00119372-00119756": "borrowing, when the government starts to tighten the liquidity", "bK0_pHBD718-00354-00119766-00120153": "conditions and tries to deleverage the financial system", "bK0_pHBD718-00355-00120163-00120673": "and so on, all these would point to downside risk to growth.", "bK0_pHBD718-00356-00120683-00121147": "But most importantly, we expect the Chinese economy", "bK0_pHBD718-00357-00121157-00121561": "to transition from the previous economic miracle", "bK0_pHBD718-00358-00121571-00121784": "to more normal development.", "bK0_pHBD718-00359-00121794-00121991": "What I mean by normal development", "bK0_pHBD718-00360-00122001-00122355": "is really that China would become another emerging market", "bK0_pHBD718-00361-00122365-00122595": "economy, or maybe rapidly growing", "bK0_pHBD718-00362-00122605-00122762": "emerging market economy.", "bK0_pHBD718-00363-00122772-00123122": "And during that process, we'll see lots of changes", "bK0_pHBD718-00364-00123132-00123286": "within the economy.", "bK0_pHBD718-00365-00123296-00123736": "And I normally would focus on six areas.", "bK0_pHBD718-00366-00123746-00123957": "GDP growth is going to slow.", "bK0_pHBD718-00367-00123967-00124173": "And it will slow further.", "bK0_pHBD718-00368-00124183-00124477": "Inflation pressure will continue to rise partly", "bK0_pHBD718-00369-00124487-00124847": "because of broad based and sustained", "bK0_pHBD718-00370-00124857-00125168": "increase in factor costs.", "bK0_pHBD718-00371-00125178-00125451": "Income distribution will probably improve not just", "bK0_pHBD718-00372-00125461-00125835": "because of the wage increase but also because of the interest", "bK0_pHBD718-00373-00125845-00126125": "rate liberalisation and the government's income", "bK0_pHBD718-00374-00126135-00126306": "distribution policy.", "bK0_pHBD718-00375-00126316-00126663": "Economic structure is going to become more balanced.", "bK0_pHBD718-00376-00126673-00127093": "In the past, we relied a lot on investment and on exports", "bK0_pHBD718-00377-00127103-00127230": "to drive growth.", "bK0_pHBD718-00378-00127240-00127377": "I think that going forward, we're", "bK0_pHBD718-00379-00127387-00127787": "going to see consumption as a major driver of Chinese growth.", "bK0_pHBD718-00380-00127797-00128144": "And we already started to see consumption as a share of GDP", "bK0_pHBD718-00381-00128154-00128321": "is rising very quickly.", "bK0_pHBD718-00382-00128331-00128725": "In the past, whenever we talk about the Chinese consumer,", "bK0_pHBD718-00383-00128735-00128945": "we only think about the luxury goods.", "bK0_pHBD718-00384-00128955-00129208": "And that still is probably the case.", "bK0_pHBD718-00385-00129219-00129532": "But what we are likely to see, I think, more significantly", "bK0_pHBD718-00386-00129542-00129936": "in the coming years is the average household income", "bK0_pHBD718-00387-00129946-00130286": "increase will leads to significant consumption", "bK0_pHBD718-00388-00130296-00130426": "upgrade.", "bK0_pHBD718-00389-00130436-00130807": "And that would have a big impact on the global economy as well.", "bK0_pHBD718-00390-00130817-00131047": "Accelerates the industrial upgrading", "bK0_pHBD718-00391-00131057-00131481": "because the cost will rise significantly.", "bK0_pHBD718-00392-00131491-00131815": "Whatever we do well now, may no longer", "bK0_pHBD718-00393-00131825-00131965": "be the industry [inaudible] we still", "bK0_pHBD718-00394-00131975-00132148": "have a competitive in the coming years.", "bK0_pHBD718-00395-00132158-00132388": "And that's why if you travel to China today,", "bK0_pHBD718-00396-00132398-00132625": "you are seeing very dramatic changes", "bK0_pHBD718-00397-00132635-00132839": "in the industrial landscape.", "bK0_pHBD718-00398-00132849-00133289": "And many of the industries are finding difficulties today.", "bK0_pHBD718-00399-00133299-00133706": "But many of the new industries are emerging also.", "bK0_pHBD718-00400-00133716-00134170": "Finally the government used to support economic growth", "bK0_pHBD718-00401-00134180-00134544": "to restrict the range of the GDP growth numbers", "bK0_pHBD718-00402-00134554-00134774": "within a very narrow range.", "bK0_pHBD718-00403-00134784-00134908": "That is going to change.", "bK0_pHBD718-00404-00134918-00135161": "As we move toward a market system,", "bK0_pHBD718-00405-00135171-00135538": "we're going to see more normal economic cycles.", "bK0_pHBD718-00406-00135548-00135802": "That obviously would mean positive stories", "bK0_pHBD718-00407-00135812-00136079": "when China expands, but could also", "bK0_pHBD718-00408-00136089-00136472": "mean inactive stories for not only China", "bK0_pHBD718-00409-00136482-00136686": "but also the rest of the world.", "bK0_pHBD718-00410-00136696-00137083": "But that's a natural part of economic cycle.", "bK0_pHBD718-00411-00137093-00137287": "Thank you very much."}}, {"audio_id": "bKjw1rZlnlY", "text": {"bKjw1rZlnlY-00000-00000000-00000202": "Technical colleges are not just", "bKjw1rZlnlY-00001-00000202-00000304": "for students that can't get into", "bKjw1rZlnlY-00002-00000304-00000405": "a four-year university ...", "bKjw1rZlnlY-00003-00000405-00000815": "Personally, I was so involved in high school", "bKjw1rZlnlY-00004-00000815-00001025": "I was top of my class, in the honors society,", "bKjw1rZlnlY-00005-00001025-00001341": "volunteering all the time,", "bKjw1rZlnlY-00006-00001341-00001499": "and I had my choice of four-year colleges", "bKjw1rZlnlY-00007-00001499-00001780": "that I could have attended.", "bKjw1rZlnlY-00008-00001780-00001921": "And when people asked me", "bKjw1rZlnlY-00009-00001921-00002062": "where I was going to go, and I told them my answer,", "bKjw1rZlnlY-00010-00002062-00002477": "that I wanted to go to Northeast Wisconsin Technical College", "bKjw1rZlnlY-00011-00002477-00002900": "they just kind of looked at me and were like, \"oh, that's cool\"", "bKjw1rZlnlY-00012-00002900-00003103": "and they really didn't understand", "bKjw1rZlnlY-00013-00003103-00003307": "why I would want to go there and it kind of seemed like", "bKjw1rZlnlY-00014-00003307-00003715": "they were belittling me and the technical college system", "bKjw1rZlnlY-00015-00003715-00003924": "saying, \"well you're better than that,", "bKjw1rZlnlY-00016-00003924-00004133": "you can go anywhere you want\"", "bKjw1rZlnlY-00017-00004133-00004342": "I chose to go to the technical college", "bKjw1rZlnlY-00018-00004342-00004551": "for what it had to offer me ...", "bKjw1rZlnlY-00019-00004551-00004753": "just the amount of opportunities", "bKjw1rZlnlY-00020-00004753-00004955": "that I had available to me that people", "bKjw1rZlnlY-00021-00004955-00005159": "didn't know were possible at a technical college", "bKjw1rZlnlY-00022-00005159-00005364": "and the amount of hands-on learning", "bKjw1rZlnlY-00023-00005364-00005781": "and experience I'm gaining there;", "bKjw1rZlnlY-00024-00005781-00005984": "and the opportunities that I've had while there,", "bKjw1rZlnlY-00025-00005984-00006400": "I could never have received at a four-year college."}}, {"audio_id": "bL6ai2Px0tk", "text": {"bL6ai2Px0tk-00000-00000189-00000517": "Welcome to a glance into Learning Analytics.", "bL6ai2Px0tk-00001-00000517-00001000": "Today weíre going to introduce the big ideas behind Learning Analytics and what it means", "bL6ai2Px0tk-00002-00001000-00001176": "for the education professional.", "bL6ai2Px0tk-00003-00001176-00001748": "I will admit that I am not a learning analytics professional, so please donít take my word", "bL6ai2Px0tk-00004-00001748-00001889": "as gospel.", "bL6ai2Px0tk-00005-00001889-00002339": "I do, however, want to take what you read in the NMC Horizon Report and hit the highlights.", "bL6ai2Px0tk-00006-00002339-00002915": "What do you say we get started?", "bL6ai2Px0tk-00007-00002915-00003264": "What exactly IS Learning Analytics?", "bL6ai2Px0tk-00008-00003264-00003744": "Look at the two words.", "bL6ai2Px0tk-00009-00003744-00004762": "1) Learning ñ obviously this process is going to have something to do with what, when, why", "bL6ai2Px0tk-00010-00004762-00005001": "and/or how people learn.", "bL6ai2Px0tk-00011-00005001-00005598": "2) Analytics ñ the word analysis jumps out at you when you see this word.", "bL6ai2Px0tk-00012-00005598-00005869": "What do you think of when you see the word analysis?", "bL6ai2Px0tk-00013-00005869-00006570": "Me, I think of digging in and studying the information, working to draw conclusions from", "bL6ai2Px0tk-00014-00006570-00006670": "whatís there.", "bL6ai2Px0tk-00015-00006670-00007434": "So, if we put the two words together we have a process that takes information and data,", "bL6ai2Px0tk-00016-00007434-00007713": "using it to draw conclusions that will help improve learning.", "bL6ai2Px0tk-00017-00007713-00007972": "Sounds simple enough, right?", "bL6ai2Px0tk-00018-00007972-00008418": "And it sounds like what weíve been doing all along with data-driven decision making,", "bL6ai2Px0tk-00019-00008418-00008518": "right?", "bL6ai2Px0tk-00020-00008518-00009238": "Well, it is, but on steroids and in a way we simple folk can work with (little or no", "bL6ai2Px0tk-00021-00009238-00009665": "statistical training necessary, at least for the most part).", "bL6ai2Px0tk-00022-00009665-00009957": "And the reference to BIG data?", "bL6ai2Px0tk-00023-00009957-00010667": "BIG data is just what it sounds like; using lots and lots and lots of data to make critical", "bL6ai2Px0tk-00024-00010667-00010824": "decisions.", "bL6ai2Px0tk-00025-00010824-00011834": "SoÖ.what does that mean for you and me and the kids in our schools?", "bL6ai2Px0tk-00026-00011834-00012718": "Ok, so how many of you regularly use Facebook or buy products through Amazon?", "bL6ai2Px0tk-00027-00012718-00013390": "I know I use Facebook quite a bit, and sometimes I get pretty creeped out by the spot on ads", "bL6ai2Px0tk-00028-00013390-00014141": "showing up on the side of my feedÖ.(not sure what that bra ad is all about inthis oneÖ*laugh*).", "bL6ai2Px0tk-00029-00014141-00014926": "Likewise, when I go to Amazon I can see lists of recommendations based on my previous purchasing", "bL6ai2Px0tk-00030-00014926-00015050": "and browsing history.", "bL6ai2Px0tk-00031-00015050-00015879": "Both of these companies are working hard to give their users a custom experience.", "bL6ai2Px0tk-00032-00015879-00016179": "And thatís exactly the idea behind Learning Analytics.", "bL6ai2Px0tk-00033-00016179-00016961": "If we can harness the data from an iPad app, online learning management system, etc and", "bL6ai2Px0tk-00034-00016961-00017744": "use it to create truly individualized learning in a real-time settingÖ.WOW, the possibilities!", "bL6ai2Px0tk-00035-00017744-00018469": "Isnít this the entire idea for the data-driven decision making model being preached to schools", "bL6ai2Px0tk-00036-00018469-00018695": "across the country?", "bL6ai2Px0tk-00037-00018695-00019416": "The problem has been in the time and expertise required to collect and analyze the data.", "bL6ai2Px0tk-00038-00019416-00020079": "Using standardized test scores to make formative assessment decisions is virtually impossible", "bL6ai2Px0tk-00039-00020079-00020487": "because we donít get the results until the students have left our classrooms.", "bL6ai2Px0tk-00040-00020487-00020720": "By then, itís almost a moot point.", "bL6ai2Px0tk-00041-00020720-00021234": "True formative assessment and evaluation takes place while the learning experience is happening.", "bL6ai2Px0tk-00042-00021234-00021826": "And really, thatís what is so exciting about Learning Analytics.", "bL6ai2Px0tk-00043-00021826-00022593": "Itís kind of funny to think of anything dealing with analyzing data as exciting, isnít it?", "bL6ai2Px0tk-00044-00022593-00022973": "But just THINK of the possibilities!", "bL6ai2Px0tk-00045-00022973-00023514": "(Ok, maybe not right this minute, but if you want to hit pause and take a few moments to", "bL6ai2Px0tk-00046-00023514-00024039": "jot down the ideas in your headÖfee free!)", "bL6ai2Px0tk-00047-00024039-00024545": "My mind is literally racing with thoughts of how we kind of already use Learning Analytics", "bL6ai2Px0tk-00048-00024545-00025168": "(think Classroom Response systems) to make decisions on a day to day basis.", "bL6ai2Px0tk-00049-00025168-00025895": "Then I start thinking bigger and I get excited to think that in a few years my son, who struggles", "bL6ai2Px0tk-00050-00025895-00026492": "with taking tests in math, may be able to work on a computer application that recognizes", "bL6ai2Px0tk-00051-00026492-00027376": "that difficulty and tailors what heís doing to help improve that individual weakness.", "bL6ai2Px0tk-00052-00027376-00027602": "And do you know what that will do for the teacher?", "bL6ai2Px0tk-00053-00027602-00028122": "Donít think for a moment it will eliminate the need for good teachers.", "bL6ai2Px0tk-00054-00028122-00028441": "I donít think that for a minute.", "bL6ai2Px0tk-00055-00028441-00029098": "Instead, think of the time it will free up for teachers to be true facilitators of student", "bL6ai2Px0tk-00056-00029098-00029198": "learning.", "bL6ai2Px0tk-00057-00029198-00029855": "Now teachers will have help figuring out ways to best reach each student.", "bL6ai2Px0tk-00058-00029855-00030264": "Maybe weíll quit teaching to the middle and teach everybody, instead.", "bL6ai2Px0tk-00059-00030264-00030858": "Perhaps the use of Learning Analytics will help us move toward a model of teaching that", "bL6ai2Px0tk-00060-00030858-00031413": "allows more thinking to take place and gets kids to really take ownership of their learning.", "bL6ai2Px0tk-00061-00031413-00031677": "These are just my thoughts.", "bL6ai2Px0tk-00062-00031677-00031883": "I donít know whatís on the horizon.", "bL6ai2Px0tk-00063-00031883-00032325": "I just know there are some incredible possibilities.", "bL6ai2Px0tk-00064-00032325-00032585": "But Iím not a Pollyanna, either.", "bL6ai2Px0tk-00065-00032585-00033178": "I also recognize there are some valid reasons for concern, and the biggest has to do with", "bL6ai2Px0tk-00066-00033178-00033502": "the safety of student information.", "bL6ai2Px0tk-00067-00033502-00034193": "So even though we donít know the answer yet, we do know Learning Analytics has the potential", "bL6ai2Px0tk-00068-00034193-00034884": "to help us make decisions using real time data so that instruction can be individualized.", "bL6ai2Px0tk-00069-00034884-00035197": "I say thatís letís keep our eye on this one!"}}, {"audio_id": "bLgPBbjmOlM", "text": {"bLgPBbjmOlM-00000-00001918-00002201": "This video is a little different from the normal format", "bLgPBbjmOlM-00001-00002201-00002652": "I just want to take five minutes of your time to say a big thankyou", "bLgPBbjmOlM-00002-00002652-00003419": "The channel has just hit the 1 year ANNIVERSERY and we have broken the 500 subscriber mark", "bLgPBbjmOlM-00003-00003419-00003682": "I never thought that I would see such support.", "bLgPBbjmOlM-00004-00003682-00004230": "To all off you that have taken the time to watch, comment and subscribe I thank you from", "bLgPBbjmOlM-00005-00004230-00004579": "the bottom of my heart.", "bLgPBbjmOlM-00006-00004579-00005360": "THOMAS h, mad cat mysteries, John Barry 79 and all the others that have been regulars", "bLgPBbjmOlM-00007-00005360-00005670": "to the comment section Thanks for your insight and great ideas.", "bLgPBbjmOlM-00008-00005670-00006391": "I have found so many great people and great channels over this past year I want to keep", "bLgPBbjmOlM-00009-00006391-00006575": "the channel growing.", "bLgPBbjmOlM-00010-00006575-00007113": "I was a little a disheartened a few months back but you guys pulled me out of my slump.", "bLgPBbjmOlM-00011-00007113-00007520": "I now have new plans to build the channel into something greater.", "bLgPBbjmOlM-00012-00007520-00007852": "I want to make the channel better for all of you", "bLgPBbjmOlM-00013-00007852-00008261": "better produced videos and more interesting stories.", "bLgPBbjmOlM-00014-00008261-00008689": "You guys have inspired me and I want to repay you by giving you the", "bLgPBbjmOlM-00015-00008689-00008969": "best content I can.", "bLgPBbjmOlM-00016-00008969-00009500": "Again thank you all so so much Heres to the next 500"}}, {"audio_id": "bLqZXfVQr0E", "text": {"bLqZXfVQr0E-00000-00000239-00000643": "In high school, I wasn't really sure what I wanted to do yet.", "bLqZXfVQr0E-00001-00000643-00000832": "But, when I joined the U.S. Navy,", "bLqZXfVQr0E-00002-00000832-00001264": "one of the options for job was an Information Systems Technician.", "bLqZXfVQr0E-00003-00001264-00001836": "Information Technology in the Navy can be pretty exciting.", "bLqZXfVQr0E-00004-00001836-00002149": "You get to be very resourceful.", "bLqZXfVQr0E-00005-00002149-00002439": "If you're out on a deployment in the desert perhaps,", "bLqZXfVQr0E-00006-00002439-00002779": "you have to sort of use the tools that you have at hand to get the job done.", "bLqZXfVQr0E-00007-00002779-00003012": "I remember being in a server room in", "bLqZXfVQr0E-00008-00003012-00003381": "a tent with the sand blowing in and we'd occasionally have to take", "bLqZXfVQr0E-00009-00003381-00003654": "out the servers and then reverse the vacuum and blow", "bLqZXfVQr0E-00010-00003654-00003986": "the dust and sand out of the server to make sure that they kept working.", "bLqZXfVQr0E-00011-00003986-00004356": "Obviously, I can't go into too much specifics and details but in the Navy,", "bLqZXfVQr0E-00012-00004356-00004755": "one of my favorite technology moments was when the command came down", "bLqZXfVQr0E-00013-00004755-00005274": "that we needed to do this thing and I had to write a program to actually do it.", "bLqZXfVQr0E-00014-00005274-00005498": "And I never written a program before.", "bLqZXfVQr0E-00015-00005498-00005644": "I was like, \"Okay.", "bLqZXfVQr0E-00016-00005644-00005769": "I mean, I'll try.\"", "bLqZXfVQr0E-00017-00005769-00005992": "I did the research,", "bLqZXfVQr0E-00018-00005992-00006125": "I did the learning,", "bLqZXfVQr0E-00019-00006125-00006316": "I figured it out, I wrote the program,", "bLqZXfVQr0E-00020-00006316-00006648": "it ran and it did the thing that I wanted it to do.", "bLqZXfVQr0E-00021-00006648-00006855": "I was so satisfied.", "bLqZXfVQr0E-00022-00006855-00007011": "That was an amazing experience.", "bLqZXfVQr0E-00023-00007011-00007279": "I made this thing from nothing and it", "bLqZXfVQr0E-00024-00007279-00007693": "actually performed the action that I wanted it to. Which was pretty cool."}}, {"audio_id": "bLeFeM-JUSg", "text": {"bLeFeM-JUSg-00000-00000083-00000589": "Femoroacetabular impingement, or F-A-I, is a condition known to cause hip pain in young", "bLeFeM-JUSg-00001-00000589-00000717": "adults.", "bLeFeM-JUSg-00002-00000717-00001263": "Open surgical hip dislocation was initially the gold-standard treatment for FAI.", "bLeFeM-JUSg-00003-00001263-00001629": "But arthroscopic surgery is becoming increasingly common.", "bLeFeM-JUSg-00004-00001629-00002110": "Unfortunately, few high-level trials have evaluated the efficacy of surgical correction", "bLeFeM-JUSg-00005-00002110-00002285": "for FAI.", "bLeFeM-JUSg-00006-00002285-00002834": "To address that gap, researchers conducted a randomized controlled trial comparing osteochondroplasty", "bLeFeM-JUSg-00007-00002834-00003336": "to lavage with or without labral repair for the treatment of F-A-I.", "bLeFeM-JUSg-00008-00003336-00003838": "The lower reoperation rate observed among patients undergoing osteochondroplasty supports", "bLeFeM-JUSg-00009-00003838-00004378": "arthroscopic surgery as an effective treatment option for young adults with hip impingement.", "bLeFeM-JUSg-00010-00004378-00005064": "The study recruited 220 male and female patients aged 18 to 50 years with non-arthritic F-A-I", "bLeFeM-JUSg-00011-00005064-00005413": "who were deemed suitable for surgical treatment.", "bLeFeM-JUSg-00012-00005413-00005707": "Patients were randomized to one of two groups.", "bLeFeM-JUSg-00013-00005707-00006314": "In the osteochondroplasty group, impingement lesions were resected using fluoroscopic guidance.", "bLeFeM-JUSg-00014-00006314-00006811": "In the lavage group, the hip joint was washed with 3 liters of normal saline.", "bLeFeM-JUSg-00015-00006811-00007206": "Surgeons performed labrum [SSW9] [SN10] repair on any patient in either group if the labrum", "bLeFeM-JUSg-00016-00007206-00007451": "appeared mechanically unstable when probed.", "bLeFeM-JUSg-00017-00007451-00007964": "At 12 months, there was no difference between the groups with respect to pain, which was", "bLeFeM-JUSg-00018-00007964-00008345": "reported by patients using a visual analogue scale.", "bLeFeM-JUSg-00019-00008345-00008859": "Similarly, no significant differences were observed in terms of health utility, physical", "bLeFeM-JUSg-00020-00008859-00009273": "and mental health, or general hip function at 12 months.", "bLeFeM-JUSg-00021-00009273-00009630": "Patients in the lavage group, however, did show significant improvements in the daily", "bLeFeM-JUSg-00022-00009630-00009931": "living domain of the Hip Outcome Score.", "bLeFeM-JUSg-00023-00009931-00010322": "While hip pain and function are among the most relevant outcomes for patients undergoing", "bLeFeM-JUSg-00024-00010322-00010860": "surgery for hip impingement, a lower reoperation rate is important to consider.", "bLeFeM-JUSg-00025-00010860-00011366": "In the current study, the reoperation rate at 24 months was significantly lower for patients", "bLeFeM-JUSg-00026-00011366-00011771": "in the osteochondroplasty group than for those in the lavage group.", "bLeFeM-JUSg-00027-00011771-00012195": "The findings suggest that osteochondroplasty was a more effective treatment than lavage", "bLeFeM-JUSg-00028-00012195-00012415": "2 years after surgery.", "bLeFeM-JUSg-00029-00012415-00012931": "Importantly, pain scores were not obtained for 27% of patients at 12 months, although", "bLeFeM-JUSg-00030-00012931-00013297": "the study still met the sample size calculation for statistical power.", "bLeFeM-JUSg-00031-00013297-00013902": "And it’s unclear whether or how labrum repair may have affected the rate of reoperation.", "bLeFeM-JUSg-00032-00013902-00014356": "Still, the findings support surgery as an effective treatment option for patients with", "bLeFeM-JUSg-00033-00014356-00014806": "hip impingement, and could help inform clinicians and patients when deciding the best course", "bLeFeM-JUSg-00034-00014806-00014856": "of care."}}, {"audio_id": "bLSsqX3pPgY", "text": {"bLSsqX3pPgY-00000-00000664-00000960": "i take two more steps with you", "bLSsqX3pPgY-00001-00001088-00001383": "the way our paths have separated today", "bLSsqX3pPgY-00002-00001383-00001617": "we will also get separated one day like this", "bLSsqX3pPgY-00003-00001695-00001821": "\"forever\"", "bLSsqX3pPgY-00004-00001919-00002231": "i am trying to cherish every single moment", "bLSsqX3pPgY-00005-00002256-00002456": "which i can spend with you right now", "bLSsqX3pPgY-00006-00002522-00002860": "only that is why i take two more steps with you", "bLSsqX3pPgY-00007-00002989-00003277": "not paying heed to my habit and my comfort", "bLSsqX3pPgY-00008-00003294-00003586": "my heart convinces my body", "bLSsqX3pPgY-00009-00003586-00003786": "that i will never get this opportunity later", "bLSsqX3pPgY-00010-00003786-00003929": "this lovely company", "bLSsqX3pPgY-00011-00003969-00004251": "everything will vanish in the ratrace of this life", "bLSsqX3pPgY-00012-00004261-00004542": "now my heart is trying to snatch from time", "bLSsqX3pPgY-00013-00004542-00004837": "every single moment, that i possibly can spend with you", "bLSsqX3pPgY-00014-00004899-00005224": "only that is why i take two more steps with you", "bLSsqX3pPgY-00015-00005349-00005617": "on the way, even if by mistake", "bLSsqX3pPgY-00016-00005617-00005929": "when our hands meet(lightly rub)", "bLSsqX3pPgY-00017-00005929-00006067": "the way my heart chirps up", "bLSsqX3pPgY-00018-00006098-00006358": "hoping the same i walk with you", "bLSsqX3pPgY-00019-00006433-00006685": "that maybe, our hands might lightly rub each other accidentally", "bLSsqX3pPgY-00020-00006775-00007067": "then this heart of mine will get some more happiness", "bLSsqX3pPgY-00021-00007116-00007442": "in that mere 3 min of walk", "bLSsqX3pPgY-00022-00007442-00007768": "if i get to hear u sing", "bLSsqX3pPgY-00023-00007774-00008073": "then my heart will get a bit more relaxed", "bLSsqX3pPgY-00024-00008129-00008405": "eager to hear your voice", "bLSsqX3pPgY-00025-00008405-00008693": "to give my heart a relief, i walk with you", "bLSsqX3pPgY-00026-00008761-00009111": "only that is why i take two more steps with you", "bLSsqX3pPgY-00027-00009245-00009544": "in that peaceful and quiet route", "bLSsqX3pPgY-00028-00009544-00009762": "when i get to hear the sound of your footsteps", "bLSsqX3pPgY-00029-00009823-00009913": "then my heart becomes", "bLSsqX3pPgY-00030-00009913-00010058": "happy just by that", "bLSsqX3pPgY-00031-00010142-00010372": "that doesn't matter if not in real life", "bLSsqX3pPgY-00032-00010503-00010782": "atleast on this route my footsteps", "bLSsqX3pPgY-00033-00010782-00010947": "can match your pace", "bLSsqX3pPgY-00034-00011016-00011305": "only that is why", "bLSsqX3pPgY-00035-00011305-00011427": "i take two more steps with you", "bLSsqX3pPgY-00036-00011554-00011862": "just thinking about my heart i walk with you", "bLSsqX3pPgY-00037-00011993-00012272": "nowadays i constantly try", "bLSsqX3pPgY-00038-00012272-00012539": "that before getting separated forever", "bLSsqX3pPgY-00039-00012609-00012740": "we do not get separate", "bLSsqX3pPgY-00040-00012835-00013132": "by getting to live with you for some more time", "bLSsqX3pPgY-00041-00013132-00013414": "the misery of getting separated from you might become less"}}, {"audio_id": "bLUfnw-bZaU", "text": {"bLUfnw-bZaU-00000-00000648-00001304": "hey everyone welcome to a new video here on my channel my name is zyra and i post mainly art and", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00001-00001304-00001807": "drawing videos so if you'd like to watch more be sure to check out my channel and subscribe", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00002-00001928-00002888": "today i will be showing you four artworks that i created back in 2019 as something like a throwback", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00003-00002888-00003440": "if you've watched my previous video i mentioned how i found a bunch of videos", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00004-00003440-00004192": "in my archive that i filmed but for some unknown weird reason i never edited", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00005-00004192-00004792": "nor did i upload them however now that i've found them they'll finally be uploaded here", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00006-00004792-00005400": "onto my channel and this is going to be one of those videos the artworks in this video will be", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00007-00005400-00006392": "a fan art of the kpop boy group named exo so let's get started this video is sponsored by skillshare", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00008-00006464-00006984": "if you want to learn a new skill improve an already existing skill or just check", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00009-00006984-00007672": "out a bunch of creative activities skillshare is definitely the perfect place for you skillshare", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00010-00007672-00008272": "is an online learning community with thousands of classes for creative and curious people that are", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00011-00008272-00008816": "always looking to learn and improve i definitely think that it's perfect for aspiring artists", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00012-00008816-00009488": "and illustrators who want to master their craft so if you're looking to learn how to draw portraits", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00013-00009488-00010072": "similar to what i'm doing in this video then i highly recommend watching ann shen's introduction", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00014-00010072-00010648": "to painting portraits with gouache where she takes you through tips and tricks in how to", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00015-00010648-00011184": "paint different parts of the face as well as the hair in one of my favorite mediums gouache", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00016-00011184-00011680": "i do recommend that you give skillshare a go using the special link in the description box", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00017-00011680-00012416": "where the first 1000 people to sign up using that link will get one month free trial of skillshare", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00018-00012416-00013072": "premium that's one month free trial of skillshare premium after a month you can continue your", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00019-00013072-00013632": "membership for less than 10 us dollars a month if you pay annually which is still a pretty good deal", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00020-00013632-00014160": "so that gives you unlimited access to all of their available classes so i highly highly recommend", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00021-00014160-00014776": "that you check them out once again that's the first 1 000 people to sign up using the link", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00022-00014776-00015432": "will get one month free trial of skillshare premium so check it out get started and good luck", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00023-00015432-00016247": "with your creative journey so let me just start off by saying that unfortunately i only filmed", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00024-00016247-00017144": "four out of the nine members of xo and the fan art that i created for each member so if you don't see", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00025-00017144-00017992": "a video process of your bias from xo in this video that's because unfortunately i didn't film it", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00026-00017992-00018696": "the video does not exist there never was and never will be so please don't go in the comments asking", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00027-00018696-00019232": "where that video is for this specific person because unfortunately it never existed in the", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00028-00019232-00019816": "first place and i have absolutely no idea why i didn't actually film all nine of them", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00029-00019816-00020344": "especially because i started with filming four i don't remember what the reason was", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00030-00020344-00021016": "but i'm sure there was a reason however in this video there will only be four members that are", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00031-00021016-00021680": "highlighted in video form the rest will kind of be in a slideshow towards the end of the video", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00032-00021736-00022480": "so as you can see right now i'm starting off with sahoon and then the rest are going to be chanyeol", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00033-00022728-00023248": "like i said at the end of the video i will be showing all nine of the members together", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00034-00023248-00023944": "in some sort of slideshow because i only have photos of the remaining five members", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00035-00023944-00024456": "so yeah i also posted them on instagram though so feel free to check that out however you might have", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00036-00024456-00025216": "to scroll a bit back because like i said this was all the way back in 2019 but anyway i feel", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00037-00025216-00026144": "like this gives me the opportunity to talk about the artworks that i created back in 2019 when", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00038-00026144-00026920": "i was still actually trying to draw as much as i could however i was not as active here on youtube", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00039-00026920-00027727": "so if you kind of scroll onto my channel and look at the collection of videos that i have uploaded", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00040-00027727-00028720": "over the years i was mostly active from 2015 to 2017 and then 2018 and 2019 there's like a gap", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00041-00028783-00029392": "in my documentation of my art journey which is kind of the whole point as to why i started", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00042-00029392-00029888": "this youtube channel in the first place was mostly to document my process and then kind of", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00043-00029888-00030544": "share it and eventually people were interested enough to ask me how i specifically did things", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00044-00030544-00031127": "and so that led on to tutorials and basically sharing more and more of my art process however", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00045-00031248-00031880": "i can be a little bit particular when it comes to organization and whenever i look at the collection", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00046-00031880-00032520": "of videos that i have here on my youtube channel it bothers me a little bit that there is a gap", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00047-00032520-00033384": "so i guess this is like a flashback of sorts and a way for me to fill in and fix that gap", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00048-00033544-00034288": "during this year i was feeling very experimental and somewhat brave like if you've been following", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00049-00034288-00035072": "my art my channel and my videos you may have noticed that my art barely had any color", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00050-00035136-00035792": "and it was mostly because even though i had some knowledge of color theory i was still", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00051-00035792-00036496": "really scared of utilizing that knowledge of stepping outside my comfort zone or", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00052-00036496-00037256": "even breaking some of the rules of color theory i always pretty much played it safe and i also had", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00053-00037256-00037912": "a really strong bias towards specific colors like for a while i was really against using", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00054-00037912-00038976": "green and orange in my artworks i tended to favor red blue and yellow and purple browns and", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00055-00038976-00039952": "black and white so a lot of my art you may notice especially before 2019 was either like black and", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00056-00039952-00040656": "white with a pop of color or it's just completely monochromatic different shades of one color", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00057-00040656-00041360": "or i would use complementary colors just two of them and that would be my limited color palette", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00058-00041424-00042352": "so those were kind of my safe zones and those colors as well they were very much muted i", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00059-00042352-00043280": "wouldn't really say pastel but they weren't bright or saturated they weren't fun in a way and they", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00060-00043280-00044056": "weren't in your face either i have tried um creating other pieces where i did use a bit", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00061-00044056-00044608": "more color but those weren't actually my favorite works um during those times my favorite were the", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00062-00044608-00045632": "monochromatic ones in the black and white ones so around 2019 after you know years of using just", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00063-00045632-00046432": "those safe colors i finally decided that it was time for me to spice things up i was also really", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00064-00046432-00047120": "heavily inspired by the new and trendy colors that were coming during that time like for example", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00065-00047120-00047944": "mustard yellow was becoming really popular the grip that it had on everyone especially here on", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00066-00047944-00048704": "youtube and artists is just amazing and then i also fell in love with like this dark teal and", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00067-00048704-00049328": "of course burnt orange which came a little bit later but colors that were just not something", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00068-00049328-00050392": "that i would ever grab but i was instantly drawn towards them when they got introduced as trends so", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00069-00050560-00051320": "that definitely kick-started the whole experimentation and so i started looking into", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00070-00051376-00052304": "maximalist interior designs which was the total opposite of what i was into back in 2017 which", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00071-00052304-00053328": "was more minimalism but maximalist interiors were largely influenced by a range of color palettes", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00072-00053328-00054400": "that clashed with each other like the textures were so different the prints also kind of clashed", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00073-00054400-00055200": "in a way and there were just a bunch of items here and there that it looked a bit messy but at", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00074-00055200-00055879": "the same time it also looked really cohesive and also really aesthetically pleasing and that was", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00075-00055879-00056472": "quite puzzling to me but also really intriguing so that largely influenced the new color palette", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00076-00056472-00057376": "and the artworks that i ended up creating during this time i also wanted to eventually emulate", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00077-00057504-00058200": "this sort of aesthetic but since i was heavily focused on experimenting with", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00078-00058255-00058879": "this new saturated and vibrant color palette i decided to dial back down on the subject matter", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00079-00058944-00059655": "whereas for example back in 2017 i was so much more interested in exploring concepts and themes", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00080-00059655-00060191": "and trying to create a narrative in my artwork therefore exploring different kinds of subject", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00081-00060191-00061144": "matter other than just a bust or a portrait of a pretty person but because in 2019 i was kind", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00082-00061144-00061888": "of going outside my comfort zone i decided to grab onto something that felt safe and so that's", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00083-00061888-00062400": "why i decided to only draw portraits during that time it was something i was comfortable", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00084-00062400-00063216": "and confident in drawing so that kind of balanced my whole journey and it allowed me to focus", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00085-00063216-00063832": "more on the colors rather than the difficulty of drawing complicated objects there is a downside", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00086-00063832-00064496": "to that however which i've mentioned in a lot of videos already about my internal struggle of", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00087-00064567-00065288": "i'm feeling kind of bored now that i've been doing this for a while so i guess now is the", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00088-00065288-00065952": "part of the cycle of my journey where i feel like i need to change things up similar to what i did", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00089-00065952-00066808": "this year and hopefully i will also be documenting that throughout my channel so stay tuned", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00090-00066880-00067608": "but anyway that brings us back to the artworks in this video 2018 was the start of my love for", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00091-00067608-00068264": "k-pop it all started with lisa from blackpink the moment i saw her photo on instagram i was like", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00092-00068264-00068848": "who is this person i need to know why she's here on my feed and i need to find out more about her", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00093-00068848-00069704": "but eventually it started from blackpink and then i found my way to do from xo mostly because of his", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00094-00069704-00070512": "amazing voice so then of course that spiraled me into looking at more songs from kpop and", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00095-00070512-00071360": "then watching a bunch of videos and i was hooked so the dancing the trendy yet outlandish outfits", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00096-00071360-00071960": "and extremely high quality aesthetic music videos really solidified my love for kpop it was just", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00097-00072080-00073208": "a lot of creative food for my brain and it was a feat for the eyes and the creative mind and kpop", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00098-00073208-00073720": "still continues to inspire me today especially now that i am studying costume and set design", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00099-00073720-00074320": "for stage which also includes stage design so i hope one day to design a comeback stage", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00100-00074320-00074856": "for a k-pop group that would be a dream but anyway back to the drawing like i was saying", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00101-00074952-00075632": "i was also really into k-pop and i was also experimenting with colors so", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00102-00075632-00076328": "then i just combined that and basically this is a fan art of my favorite k-pop boy group xo and", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00103-00076328-00076920": "also practicing my skills and capturing likeness but also playing around with the newly found", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00104-00076920-00077672": "color palette and my approach with these artworks were basically inspired by photo cards which", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00105-00077672-00078392": "oh my god it's such a big thing in the k-pop world like i've watched videos of people buying multiple", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00106-00078392-00079272": "albums just to find one photo card of their bias in a specific pose and i've also seen people on", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00107-00079272-00079928": "twitter trading and reselling photo cards and also people making their own photo cards it's like a", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00108-00079928-00080552": "whole thing in itself and it's so interesting and at first it was a weird concept for me", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00109-00080552-00081176": "because you know like can't you just look at the photo of this idol on your phone or something why", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00110-00081176-00082120": "do you need a specific physical object but once i got my hands on a photocard i i knew like it's an", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00111-00082120-00082920": "unexplainable feeling and it's very much different from just looking at a photo on your screen it's", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00112-00082920-00083528": "unexplainable but anyways i've only actually ever come across this concept in kpop i'm not sure if", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00113-00083528-00084216": "it exists in other music industries but this was certainly my first time ever hearing about it but", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00114-00084216-00084832": "anyway i took inspiration from that so the fan art that i ended up creating especially the one", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00115-00084832-00085664": "that you see in this video kind of is trying to resemble photo cards however it is also very much", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00116-00085664-00086336": "inspired by k-pop photo shoots like how they take one concept and oh my gosh the concepts that they", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00117-00086336-00087344": "have so creative anyway they have one concept and all of these idols in one group are styled to fit", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00118-00087344-00087992": "the concept so that altogether they look cohesive but at the same time all their individualities", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00119-00087992-00088768": "shine through as well with each photo and it's just amazing it was another thing that visually", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00120-00088768-00089472": "inspired me and i absolutely love looking at them it's just so beautiful so inspiring and like", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00121-00089472-00090160": "i said that's how i ended up with this series of drawings i tried to kind of recreate as if", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00122-00090224-00091192": "these were like photo shoots or photo cards where each one is a portrait of a member of exo i", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00123-00091192-00091904": "decided to use stripes for the backgrounds because honestly i can't really remember my reasoning", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00124-00091904-00092408": "for that but i was heavily inspired by stripes mostly because of the color palette i believe", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00125-00092480-00093296": "and then i also added the flower crowns which was still pretty popular back in the day 2019", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00126-00093296-00093952": "and then i also added an item that i associated with them that was cute mostly inspired by", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00127-00093952-00094624": "images of their concerts which unfortunately have never been to one but then also juxtaposed", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00128-00094624-00095328": "with their more sultry edgy outfits and some of the concepts that they also are quite known for", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00129-00095328-00096320": "and tried to merge that all together and basically created these fan arts and that's how we got here", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00130-00096416-00097256": "i'm actually really happy with how the artworks turned out for this series like my goal was to", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00131-00097256-00098168": "create nine portraits because there are currently nine active members in exo and i ended up with", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00132-00098168-00099040": "nine portraits so yeah and all of them i'm really happy with i feel like i achieved likeness for", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00133-00099040-00099752": "majority of them i think soho is the only one that i would be like i'm not sure if that really looks", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00134-00099752-00100448": "like him but everyone else i feel like if you look at them you might be able to recognize them", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00135-00100448-00101216": "so i'm pretty happy with that also happy the fact that i just finished nine drawings like", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00136-00101216-00101904": "i had enough determination to actually see it through because from my history i tend to start", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00137-00101904-00102640": "like a series or a collection of sorts and never finished them so i'm really happy that this is", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00138-00102640-00103168": "an exception because i absolutely love the exo and i would have been devastated if i started", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00139-00103168-00103928": "and then not draw the rest of the members like i feel like that would just be so unfair and i think", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00140-00103928-00104640": "that's definitely what pushed me to finish all nine drawings the only thing i'm disappointed in", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00141-00104640-00105320": "is the fact that i didn't film all of them however i'm still happy that i have four in my archive", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00142-00105320-00106111": "that i can look back on and reminisce and see my process for them so still still okay with that", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00143-00106232-00107032": "and that's pretty much it for this video i'm just going to end this with a slideshow of all of the", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00144-00107032-00107704": "artworks that i created for each of the members so please take them in and all of their glory really", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00145-00107704-00108311": "happy and really proud with how they turned out and i hope that you like them as well especially", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00146-00108311-00108864": "if you are a fan of exo and if you are let me know in the comments down below who your bias is your", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00147-00108864-00109480": "favorite song anything like that i'm pretty sure i said it already in this video that my bias is do", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00148-00109480-00110200": "so yes he's my bias who's yours anyway with that said i will end today's video please give this", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00149-00110200-00110832": "video a like and subscribe if you enjoyed it share this video to fellow artists and thank you so", "bLUfnw-bZaU-00150-00110832-00112176": "much for watching i wish you the best of luck with your art journey and i will see you in my next one"}}, {"audio_id": "bLVJdfWzOZ0", "text": {"bLVJdfWzOZ0-00000-00014280-00014717": "Good morning, mr, master, maestro or simply or simply David Lynch?", "bLVJdfWzOZ0-00001-00014717-00015909": "It's May 19th, 2023 and...", "bLVJdfWzOZ0-00002-00015909-00016628": "and if heeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee", "bLVJdfWzOZ0-00003-00016628-00017345": "can believe it, it's a Friday once again, it's a Friday once again, it's a Friday once", "bLVJdfWzOZ0-00004-00017345-00017906": "again, it's a Friday once again, it's a Friday once again.", "bLVJdfWzOZ0-00005-00017906-00018831": "5 times because as perhaps someone know May it's the 5th month and so I also made the", "bLVJdfWzOZ0-00006-00018831-00019534": "same thing for April but in that case 4 times because April it's the 4h month.", "bLVJdfWzOZ0-00007-00019534-00020126": "However here in Naples a totally clear or at least in this moment clear early afternoon,", "bLVJdfWzOZ0-00008-00020126-00020226": "yes", "bLVJdfWzOZ0-00009-00020226-00022732": "it's noon pratically, very still right now, 80.6 fahrenheit 27 celsius and this means", "bLVJdfWzOZ0-00010-00022732-00022865": "that it's", "bLVJdfWzOZ0-00011-00022865-00023245": "that day really, really, really, really soft like in these days and in this period, also beyond", "bLVJdfWzOZ0-00012-00023245-00023540": "because today it seems more a Summer atmosphere, of course we're going to June.", "bLVJdfWzOZ0-00013-00023540-00024484": "However, very beautiful, nothing to say, nothing to add, yes.", "bLVJdfWzOZ0-00014-00024484-00025712": "It's a Friday once again and as you know as every Friday I shaved my beard with this,", "bLVJdfWzOZ0-00015-00025712-00026888": "fantastic, electric white and red razor, the third razor, also this very cheap, very great.", "bLVJdfWzOZ0-00016-00026988-00027434": "Being already afternoon I think that the temperature at this point is this, I repeat as I said just before", "bLVJdfWzOZ0-00017-00027444-00028361": "80.6 fahrenheit 27 celsius,", "bLVJdfWzOZ0-00018-00028361-00029574": "but the really important thing with this atmosphere is that, as I anticipated just before, today we have this:", "bLVJdfWzOZ0-00019-00029574-00030547": "yes, as you see now apparently I could say we have those beautiful blue skies and golden", "bLVJdfWzOZ0-00020-00030647-00031360": "sunshine but, also according to what I say at the opening, I don't trust because actually it's a", "bLVJdfWzOZ0-00021-00031360-00032520": "veiled atmosphere, it's going to a cloudy sky and I think that unfortunately later will be more cloudy", "bLVJdfWzOZ0-00022-00032620-00033523": "yes but in general we can't complain, I repeat good day, not spectacular but good.", "bLVJdfWzOZ0-00023-00033523-00033906": "But as always and obviously we aren't magicians or wizards on this point, so we'll see,", "bLVJdfWzOZ0-00024-00033906-00034393": "even if yes it's like I'm describing in this moment.", "bLVJdfWzOZ0-00025-00034393-00035188": "So, well-little bad in this moment and I think for the rest of the day, so said this:", "bLVJdfWzOZ0-00026-00035188-00035490": "so from the mythical window with the new gray courtain as you know since November 1st, 2022", "bLVJdfWzOZ0-00027-00035490-00035992": "and also with these beautifully painted wavy branches", "bLVJdfWzOZ0-00028-00035992-00036966": "and as regards the window its green roller shooter not visible in this period and in fact here in the shot", "bLVJdfWzOZ0-00029-00037003-00037795": "and finally from my mythical Keyboard Yamaha DGX640 YPG-625", "bLVJdfWzOZ0-00030-00037995-00038684": "have a great day him, all the people who follow the channel and the Reports, yes really a", "bLVJdfWzOZ0-00031-00038684-00038959": "greeting to everyone, also to my brother, to the last", "bLVJdfWzOZ0-00032-00038959-00039638": "subscribers and finally I hope you all have a great breakfast.", "bLVJdfWzOZ0-00033-00039738-00040395": "Today fortunately I'll do it as soon, I'm really hungry and as we always say:", "bLVJdfWzOZ0-00034-00040495-00041855": "Breakfast is always one of the most beautiful things in life and in the world, absolutely.", "bLVJdfWzOZ0-00035-00041855-00042381": "I'll see you in the Today's UFO Plate is...? (if I don't die)", "bLVJdfWzOZ0-00036-00042381-00042769": "because as you know it's a Friday.", "bLVJdfWzOZ0-00037-00042769-00043618": "\"Today's UFO Plate is...?\""}}, {"audio_id": "bM3a2P3PXyY", "text": {"bM3a2P3PXyY-00000-00000114-00000404": "you had just got the baccalaureate", "bM3a2P3PXyY-00001-00000572-00001240": "and had been admitted to join the Preparatory schools family", "bM3a2P3PXyY-00002-00001402-00001702": "congratulations", "bM3a2P3PXyY-00003-00001869-00002169": "for you we organized a great event", "bM3a2P3PXyY-00004-00002400-00002700": "the WelcomeDay", "bM3a2P3PXyY-00005-00003093-00003393": "that will include", "bM3a2P3PXyY-00006-00003495-00003795": "the headmaster speech", "bM3a2P3PXyY-00007-00003990-00004290": "and a presentation of the new school ESSAT", "bM3a2P3PXyY-00008-00004873-00005173": "we'll try to define the engineer", "bM3a2P3PXyY-00009-00005422-00005761": "and the Preparatory schools in general", "bM3a2P3PXyY-00010-00005761-00006533": "you're probably asking who are we, we are texquad", "bM3a2P3PXyY-00011-00006578-00006862": "of course this doesn't make it any clearer", "bM3a2P3PXyY-00012-00006862-00007327": "that's why we plan to introduce ourselves that day", "bM3a2P3PXyY-00013-00007789-00008434": "join us to begin this year in an amazing way on september forth there will be", "bM3a2P3PXyY-00014-00008434-00008890": "other activities such as break the ice and paint your city", "bM3a2P3PXyY-00015-00008890-00009031": "stay tuned"}}, {"audio_id": "bM4R4VjDR1I", "text": {"bM4R4VjDR1I-00000-00000000-00000400": "Hello and welcome to this tutorial on “How to use recordMyDesktop”.", "bM4R4VjDR1I-00001-00000500-00001200": "recordMyDesktop is a free and open source screencasting software that works on the Ubuntu Linux operating system.", "bM4R4VjDR1I-00002-00001300-00002000": "For more information on Screencasting software, please watch the spoken tutorial on \"How To Use Camstudio\" available on this website.", "bM4R4VjDR1I-00003-00002100-00003200": "I have already downloaded gtk-recordMyDesktop version 0.3.8 and installed it on my PC through the Synaptic Package Manager.", "bM4R4VjDR1I-00004-00003300-00004200": "For more information on how to install software in Ubuntu Linux, please refer to the spoken tutorials on Ubuntu Linux available on this website.", "bM4R4VjDR1I-00005-00004300-00005000": "Once you have successfully installed recordMyDesktop, go to the Ubuntu main menu on the top of the monitor or screen.", "bM4R4VjDR1I-00006-00005100-00005400": "Click on Applications and choose Sound.", "bM4R4VjDR1I-00007-00005500-00006100": "This will open the context menu in which you will find the application gtk-recordMyDesktop. Click on it.", "bM4R4VjDR1I-00008-00006200-00006600": "This will open the gtk-recordMyDesktop application window.", "bM4R4VjDR1I-00009-00006700-00007800": "The main application window serves the purpose of defining some basic parameters of the recording, while the tray icon is primarily used for runtime control of your recordings.", "bM4R4VjDR1I-00010-00007900-00008600": "Notice a new entry in your system tray icon - the red circle, representing the record button.", "bM4R4VjDR1I-00011-00008700-00009300": "The system tray icon has 3 states: Recording Stop Pause", "bM4R4VjDR1I-00012-00009400-00010000": "When recordMyDesktop is launched, the icon will be a record sign, i.e. the red circle.", "bM4R4VjDR1I-00013-00010100-00010500": "When one starts recording, the icon will change into a square which is the Stop sign.", "bM4R4VjDR1I-00014-00010600-00010700": "Observe there are 2 squares here.", "bM4R4VjDR1I-00015-00010800-00011000": "This is because I am using recordMyDesktop to record this tutorial.", "bM4R4VjDR1I-00016-00011100-00012200": "To pause the recording, one has to right-click on the square and the icon will change into a pause sign - two thin parallel and vertical rectangles.", "bM4R4VjDR1I-00017-00012300-00012600": "To resume the recording, one has to click on the pause sign again.", "bM4R4VjDR1I-00018-00012700-00013100": "Inorder to stop the recording, one has to click on the square.", "bM4R4VjDR1I-00019-00013200-00013700": "Before setting any parameters, let me give you an important information.", "bM4R4VjDR1I-00020-00013800-00014500": "Right-click on the red circle system tray icon. Here you have the options to show or hide the main application window.", "bM4R4VjDR1I-00021-00014600-00015100": "When you start a recording session the main window will hide itself by default.", "bM4R4VjDR1I-00022-00015200-00015600": "One can also choose to show the main application window by selecting this option.", "bM4R4VjDR1I-00023-00015700-00016200": "“Select Area on Screen” is a way of defining the area that you wish to record.", "bM4R4VjDR1I-00024-00016300-00017000": "Choosing this option will change the cursor into a crosspen with which one can draw the capture on the screen.", "bM4R4VjDR1I-00025-00017100-00017600": "“Quit” option exits recordMyDesktop, exactly like the button on the main window.", "bM4R4VjDR1I-00026-00017700-00018500": "Coming back to the application window, you will find the display panel to the left with a small preview window.", "bM4R4VjDR1I-00027-00018600-00019200": "It depicts a scaled version of your desktop, which can be used for defining an area of recording.", "bM4R4VjDR1I-00028-00019300-00020100": "To the right of this panel you will find the options to increase or decrease the Video Quality and the Sound Quality.", "bM4R4VjDR1I-00029-00020200-00021100": "By default, both Video and Sound quality are set at 100. This setting gives very good playback video quality as well as audio quality.", "bM4R4VjDR1I-00030-00021200-00022300": "The trade-off, however, is a larger file size. For creating Spoken Tutorials, one does not need to have 100% Video quality as it increases the file size.", "bM4R4VjDR1I-00031-00022400-00023200": "Experimenting a bit with these parameters will allow you to get an optimum file size with reasonably good video and sound quality.", "bM4R4VjDR1I-00032-00023300-00023900": "I will set the video quality to 50 and sound quality to 100.", "bM4R4VjDR1I-00033-00024000-00024700": "This is because the size of the audio stream will occupy only a small part of your resulting file.", "bM4R4VjDR1I-00034-00024800-00025900": "By default, recordMyDesktop does not record audio. To enable audio capture,one has to check the box to the left of Sound Quality.", "bM4R4VjDR1I-00035-00026000-00026700": "Notice the button ADVANCED. Lets click on it. This will open another dialog box as seen here.", "bM4R4VjDR1I-00036-00026800-00027400": "Visit the ADVANCED window at least once, in order to better customize the behavior of recordMyDesktop.", "bM4R4VjDR1I-00037-00027500-00028200": "All options in this window are saved and applied when you close it. There are 4 options in the Main Menu of this window.", "bM4R4VjDR1I-00038-00028300-00028700": "The first tab is Files. There are two options here.", "bM4R4VjDR1I-00039-00028800-00029600": "There is an option to overwrite existing files, bearing the same filename in the same location, with the one you chose for your recording.", "bM4R4VjDR1I-00040-00029700-00030900": "By default this option is turned off. Hence the existing files are not touched at all. Instead the new one is saved with a number postfixed at it's filename.", "bM4R4VjDR1I-00041-00031000-00031700": "So, if you choose to save your recording as recording.ogv, in your home directory and there is already a file named like that,", "bM4R4VjDR1I-00042-00031800-00033000": "the new one will instead get saved as recording-1.ogv. If recording-1.ogv exists ,then the new file will be named as recording-2.ogv and so on.", "bM4R4VjDR1I-00043-00033100-00034000": "Let me open the Advanced tab again . If the “Overwrite Existing Files” option is turned on, existing files are deleted without any prompt.", "bM4R4VjDR1I-00044-00034100-00034900": "So, one has to be careful with it. The “Working Directory” option is the location in which the temporary files are stored during the recording.", "bM4R4VjDR1I-00045-00035000-00035400": "This applies only when you are not performing encoding on the fly.", "bM4R4VjDR1I-00046-00035500-00036100": "The next tab is Performance. There are 5 options here. Be sure to set the “Frames per second”.", "bM4R4VjDR1I-00047-00036200-00037100": "2 frames per second is a good setting for this parameter. However, for high animation videos, set any number between 15-20 frames per second.", "bM4R4VjDR1I-00048-00037200-00037800": "The “Encoding on the Fly” option causes recordMyDesktop to encode during the capture.", "bM4R4VjDR1I-00049-00037900-00038700": "By default, it is off. This is useful when you don't need a high fps, or you are capturing a small area.", "bM4R4VjDR1I-00050-00038800-00039300": "But if you need a smooth recording of a not-so-small area, you should turn this option off.", "bM4R4VjDR1I-00051-00039400-00040100": "As mentioned earlier, when using this option, both audio and video quality must be set to 100%.", "bM4R4VjDR1I-00052-00040200-00041400": "“Zero Compression” tab controls the compression of the cache. “Quick Subsampling” deals with the quality of the colorspace transformation. We will leave them as they are.", "bM4R4VjDR1I-00053-00041500-00042100": "“Full shots At Every Frame” enables full captures. By default, it is turned off.", "bM4R4VjDR1I-00054-00042200-00042900": "The third tab is Sound. The “Channels” option sets the number of channels in the resulting audio stream.", "bM4R4VjDR1I-00055-00043000-00044300": "It can be 1 (mono) or 2(stereo). When recording from a microphone, selecting more than one channels is completely unnecessary and will only increase the size of your output file.", "bM4R4VjDR1I-00056-00044400-00044900": "The “Frequency” setting, is probably the most defining factor for the audio quality of a recording.", "bM4R4VjDR1I-00057-00045000-00045900": "The default is 22050, which is more than enough for speech, but if you are recording music, you might need to use 44100.", "bM4R4VjDR1I-00058-00046000-00047300": "The “Device” should be set to “plughw:0,0” this is so that you have precise control of the channels and frequency values.", "bM4R4VjDR1I-00059-00047400-00048400": "Only then will the audio play smoothly, without any hitches or jumps. Typing “default” in lowercase alphabets also works.", "bM4R4VjDR1I-00060-00048500-00049000": "If you are using an external jack for recording, then check this box.", "bM4R4VjDR1I-00061-00049100-00049800": "The channels, frequency and device fields will be disabled. These settings are now provided by the Jack server.", "bM4R4VjDR1I-00062-00049900-00050400": "Before enabling Jack capture, you should make sure that a Jack server is running.", "bM4R4VjDR1I-00063-00050500-00051300": "The last tab is Miscellaneous. There are various options here which are meant to be used less frequently.", "bM4R4VjDR1I-00064-00051400-00052200": "An important option here is the Follow Mouse option. When checked the capture area will follow the cursor wherever it moves on the screen.", "bM4R4VjDR1I-00065-00052300-00053200": "When unchecked, the capture area remains stationary inspite of cursor movement. I will give you a demo of this soon.", "bM4R4VjDR1I-00066-00053300-00053700": "Let me also check outline capture area on screen.", "bM4R4VjDR1I-00067-00053800-00054500": "We will close this window now. Remember, all the settings will be saved as soon as we close this window.", "bM4R4VjDR1I-00068-00054600-00055300": "In the preview window of the display panel lets draw a capture area for our sample recording.", "bM4R4VjDR1I-00069-00055400-00055900": "Click on the left-mouse button drag. Release the button.", "bM4R4VjDR1I-00070-00056000-00056900": "You will find a small rectangle in the preview window and a larger rectangle on your screen. This is the actual capture area.", "bM4R4VjDR1I-00071-00057000-00057800": "All activities within this rectangle will be captured in the demo recording. Now, lets do a demo recording.", "bM4R4VjDR1I-00072-00057900-00058700": "I will click on the record icon. Hello and welcome to the demo recording using recordMyDesktop.", "bM4R4VjDR1I-00073-00058800-00059300": "This is a demo recording to demonstrate how easy it is to create a spoken tutorial.", "bM4R4VjDR1I-00074-00059400-00061500": "Click on Applications – Choose office - wordprocessor. Let me type DEMO here and click on the square icon to stop the recording.", "bM4R4VjDR1I-00075-00061600-00062300": "recordMyDesktop is now encoding and producing a movie in 'ogv' format.", "bM4R4VjDR1I-00076-00062400-00063000": "let me close the open office writer. The encoding is complete and the movie is now ready. Lets check it out.", "bM4R4VjDR1I-00077-00063100-00067300": "We will find the output 'ogv' file in the Home Folder. Click on home folder, here it is,This is our demo recording. Let's play this.", "bM4R4VjDR1I-00078-00067400-00068000": "So, I hope the information given in this tutorial will help you to use recordMyDesktop on your computer.", "bM4R4VjDR1I-00079-00068100-00068900": "Install this free and open source software and use it to create audio-video tutorials and online visual learning modules of your own.", "bM4R4VjDR1I-00080-00069000-00070100": "Spoken tutorial activity is the initiative of the ‘Talk to a Teacher’ project coordinated by http://spoken-tutorial.org, developed at IIT Bombay.", "bM4R4VjDR1I-00081-00070200-00071000": "Funding for this work has come from the National Mission on Education through ICT, launched by MHRD, Government of India.", "bM4R4VjDR1I-00082-00071100-00072000": "For more information, please visit http://spoken-tutorial.org/NMEICT-Intro.", "bM4R4VjDR1I-00083-00072100-00072600": "This brings us to the end of this tutorial. This is Nancy from IIT Bombay saying Goodbye and Thank you for watching."}}, {"audio_id": "bMeoF5hPas4", "text": {"bMeoF5hPas4-00000-00000138-00000608": "Gelles: All right, so good evening everybody. My name is Auni Gelles. I'm the Community", "bMeoF5hPas4-00001-00000608-00001132": "Programs Manager at the Baltimore Museum of Industry. I am delighted to welcome you all", "bMeoF5hPas4-00002-00001132-00001680": "this evening for this program talking about Women of Steel in Baltimore and Bethlehem,", "bMeoF5hPas4-00003-00001680-00002132": "Pennsylvania. For those not familiar with the Baltimore Museum of Industry, we're located", "bMeoF5hPas4-00004-00002132-00002615": "on the waterfront just south of Baltimore's inner harbor. We are dedicated to telling", "bMeoF5hPas4-00005-00002615-00003197": "the stories of workers and entrepreneurs who built Baltimore into a manufacturing powerhouse.", "bMeoF5hPas4-00006-00003197-00003711": "We are currently in the third year of our Bethlehem Steel Legacy Project, which seeks", "bMeoF5hPas4-00007-00003711-00004503": "to preserve the 125-year history of the steel making giant here in Baltimore. I wanted to", "bMeoF5hPas4-00008-00004503-00005075": "tell you about a few portions of that project: one of which is an outdoor exhibit about women", "bMeoF5hPas4-00009-00005075-00005664": "working in the steel industry called Women of Steel. This is on our fence along Key Highway", "bMeoF5hPas4-00010-00005664-00006226": "and it's open 24/7. It will likely be up through the end of October and possibly later than", "bMeoF5hPas4-00011-00006226-00006797": "that depending on how the weather treats it. So. you're invited to come take a look if", "bMeoF5hPas4-00012-00006797-00007440": "you haven't seen it already. We also have a podcast called \"Sparrows Point: an American", "bMeoF5hPas4-00013-00007440-00008071": "Steel Story,\" that's a six-part series and one of the episodes features Kathy [Garrison]", "bMeoF5hPas4-00014-00008071-00008492": "and other Women of Steel talking about their experiences. I'll share a link for that in", "bMeoF5hPas4-00015-00008492-00009164": "the chat as well. And finally, we have a new exhibit. It'll be a long term exhibition at", "bMeoF5hPas4-00016-00009164-00009689": "the BMI, \"Fire & Shadow,\" that is opening very soon. The first day it'll be open to", "bMeoF5hPas4-00017-00009689-00010300": "the public is September 25th but that should be up for at least a number of years. So,", "bMeoF5hPas4-00018-00010300-00010834": "if you're local to Baltimore we hope to see you soon and if you're in Bethlehem or other", "bMeoF5hPas4-00019-00010834-00011549": "parts of the country maybe you can make it when things open back up a little bit more.", "bMeoF5hPas4-00020-00011549-00012028": "Programs like this are made possible thanks to the generous support of our members and", "bMeoF5hPas4-00021-00012028-00012467": "donors. If you are currently a member or a supporter, thank you very much. If you'd like", "bMeoF5hPas4-00022-00012467-00012919": "to find out more about becoming a member, I will encourage you to check out our website", "bMeoF5hPas4-00023-00012919-00013530": "and I'll share a link in the chat. Just a little bit of housekeeping: as you all know", "bMeoF5hPas4-00024-00013530-00014119": "with a Zoom webinar, your the participants cameras are turned off and your mic but we", "bMeoF5hPas4-00025-00014119-00014525": "really would love to hear your questions. And if you have your own experiences to share,", "bMeoF5hPas4-00026-00014525-00015222": "please do use the chat and let us know what you're thinking about. This is being recorded", "bMeoF5hPas4-00027-00015222-00015697": "and it will be posted on YouTube probably tomorrow so look for that if you're interested", "bMeoF5hPas4-00028-00015697-00016215": "in watching it again or sharing it with a friend. I would now like to turn the floor", "bMeoF5hPas4-00029-00016215-00016776": "over to Julia Maserjian, who is the Digital Scholarship Team Manager at the Lehigh University", "bMeoF5hPas4-00030-00016776-00017165": "Library in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania. Over to you, Julia.", "bMeoF5hPas4-00031-00017165-00017682": "Masjerian: Thank you, Auni. I appreciate it. I'll take a moment that as I always call it", "bMeoF5hPas4-00032-00017682-00018407": "that awkward moment of screen sharing where everything kind of stands still for a moment.", "bMeoF5hPas4-00033-00018407-00019099": "I'm asking if folks can see my screen thumbs up from my presenters. Great, perfect. I'm", "bMeoF5hPas4-00034-00019099-00019926": "delighted to join you this evening to give a very, very brief introduction of our project,", "bMeoF5hPas4-00035-00019926-00020966": "Women of Bethlehem Steel. The genesis of the project was in 2016. Myself and another colleague", "bMeoF5hPas4-00036-00020966-00021508": "from Lehigh met with Jill Schennum of the Steelworkers' Archives, who you'll meet in", "bMeoF5hPas4-00037-00021508-00022040": "just a moment, to really talk about what's really missing in the Bethlehem Steel story", "bMeoF5hPas4-00038-00022040-00022915": "from the Bethlehem plant and offices. And unanimously we decided that women were underrepresented", "bMeoF5hPas4-00039-00022915-00023556": "and particularly not necessarily just that nothing had been done about women butdisseminating", "bMeoF5hPas4-00040-00023556-00024480": "information about women to a larger audience was missing. So, we got together my colleagues", "bMeoF5hPas4-00041-00024480-00025181": "in the Digital Scholarship Team with the Steelworkers' Archives and we applied for a Mellon Digital", "bMeoF5hPas4-00042-00025181-00025894": "Humanities Initiative. This was a Mellon grant that was given to Lehigh University and our", "bMeoF5hPas4-00043-00025894-00026981": "grant, Lehigh's grant, was to do collaborative work particularly with people and institutions", "bMeoF5hPas4-00044-00026981-00027732": "around Bethlehem. So we applied for a grant and we were funded and gratefully, the funding", "bMeoF5hPas4-00045-00027732-00028614": "actually allowed us to curate existing collections from both Steelworkers' Archives and Lehigh", "bMeoF5hPas4-00046-00028614-00029632": "University and to generate new information to be presented on the web. Then later we", "bMeoF5hPas4-00047-00029632-00030289": "received some--we always have to give credit where credit's due--later we received uh some", "bMeoF5hPas4-00048-00030289-00030718": "additional funding from Lehigh South Side Initiative because it was just a grant year,", "bMeoF5hPas4-00049-00030718-00031431": "a really ambitious grant year and we had a little extra work to do toward the end and", "bMeoF5hPas4-00050-00031431-00031813": "so Southside Initiative funded us. I'm hoping that things proceed nicely. I've been having", "bMeoF5hPas4-00051-00031813-00032798": "a little problem with my Powerpoint. It's not advancing, so I may need to bail and...I", "bMeoF5hPas4-00052-00032798-00033800": "will. Let me get out of here and pull up my PDF. I've had way way too many problems with", "bMeoF5hPas4-00053-00033800-00034901": "technology to know that it always works beautifully. So I'm going to put up, and again, I'm going", "bMeoF5hPas4-00054-00034901-00035680": "to ask for a thumbs up from the presenters to let me know...okay, great, perfect. So", "bMeoF5hPas4-00055-00035680-00036461": "we decided that we would take not only the experiences of women who worked in, at Bethlehem", "bMeoF5hPas4-00056-00036461-00037319": "Steel at on the plant and in the offices, but also those who had strong familial affiliations", "bMeoF5hPas4-00057-00037319-00038029": "with the steel [industry] and and also worked with with business industry things, family", "bMeoF5hPas4-00058-00038029-00038461": "businesses, as well that worked with steel and steelworkers particularly on our south", "bMeoF5hPas4-00059-00038461-00039108": "side of Bethlehem. We thought the best way to do this was to have a collection which", "bMeoF5hPas4-00060-00039108-00039735": "was housed in a much larger collection called \"Beyond Steel: an archive of Lehigh Valley", "bMeoF5hPas4-00061-00039735-00041137": "Industry and Culture,\" so this grant helped us pay for digitizing transcripts and an indexing", "bMeoF5hPas4-00062-00041137-00042327": "of oral histories. So of this entire collection, we have 78 items: many photographs and audio", "bMeoF5hPas4-00063-00042327-00043505": "and video interviews. And of these 78 items, I consider these 35 interviews of the women", "bMeoF5hPas4-00064-00043505-00044128": "of Bethlehem Steel to be our crown jewels of the collection because you get that firsthand", "bMeoF5hPas4-00065-00044128-00044704": "account of what it was like to work at Bethlehem Steel in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania. (I always", "bMeoF5hPas4-00066-00044704-00045325": "have to say that because we're representing two different places.) So, these interviews--some", "bMeoF5hPas4-00067-00045325-00045941": "of them, like I said, were curated from existing collections, one of which actually was recorded", "bMeoF5hPas4-00068-00045941-00046868": "in 1975 and actually reflects narrators who were born at the beginning of the 20th century", "bMeoF5hPas4-00069-00046868-00047596": "and up through our more current interviews for people that we've done in 2016 and 2017", "bMeoF5hPas4-00070-00047596-00048116": "and in fact, Jill and I are hoping to add even more in in the months to come--at least", "bMeoF5hPas4-00071-00048116-00048385": "a couple of more interviews.", "bMeoF5hPas4-00072-00048385-00049430": "So, what does one of these oral histories look like? This is an example. This is Esther", "bMeoF5hPas4-00073-00049430-00050263": "Lee. Esther worked as a clerk in Bethlehem Steel office, the first African-American hire", "bMeoF5hPas4-00074-00050263-00051305": "in the office. She worked from 1960 to 1969 at Bethlehem Steel. She speaks of racism that", "bMeoF5hPas4-00075-00051305-00051995": "she experienced while working at Bethlehem Steel, as where I'm quite sure she would be", "bMeoF5hPas4-00076-00051995-00052655": "experiencing that anywhere from 1960 to 1969. This is not just a purview of the south, that's", "bMeoF5hPas4-00077-00052655-00053387": "for sure. She also talks about although this was past her time at Bethlehem Steel, but", "bMeoF5hPas4-00078-00053387-00054189": "I found it extremely interesting that she talks a lot about the 1974 Consent Decree", "bMeoF5hPas4-00079-00054189-00055050": "and what it did to aid in minority hires and women hiring. So this gives you an idea of", "bMeoF5hPas4-00080-00055050-00055766": "what these oral histories look like. So you can view the entire video or audio. You can", "bMeoF5hPas4-00081-00055766-00056379": "look at the indexes that are to your left. You can switch over and look at the entire", "bMeoF5hPas4-00082-00056379-00057189": "transcript, and you can also search the indexes by keyword or phrases and whatever that you", "bMeoF5hPas4-00083-00057189-00057864": "whatever you might be looking for. So that gives you a very very brief ideas right what's", "bMeoF5hPas4-00084-00057864-00058791": "there. I totally forgot to tell you this web address. Don't worry about writing it down.", "bMeoF5hPas4-00085-00058791-00059352": "If you do a search on in Google for \"Beyond Steel,\" it will be one of the first three", "bMeoF5hPas4-00086-00059352-00060044": "results that come up. So that makes it really easy. You don't have to do the https or whatever", "bMeoF5hPas4-00087-00060044-00060619": "to be able to get to it. Please feel free to contact me. I hope you'll plug around the", "bMeoF5hPas4-00088-00060619-00061222": "site. Let me know what you think and give any suggestions or comments that you might", "bMeoF5hPas4-00089-00061222-00061463": "have. We'd love to hear it. Thank you!", "bMeoF5hPas4-00090-00061463-00062108": "Gelles: Thank you, Julia. All right, now I would like to introduce this evening's moderator,", "bMeoF5hPas4-00091-00062108-00062719": "Jill Schennum. Jill is the chair of Anthropology, Sociology, and Economics at the County College", "bMeoF5hPas4-00092-00062719-00063287": "of Morris in Randolph, New Jersey. She researches economic disparities resulting from the loss", "bMeoF5hPas4-00093-00063287-00063888": "of union jobs and her forthcoming book examines the effect that Bethlehem Steel's bankruptcy", "bMeoF5hPas4-00094-00063888-00064422": "had on steelworkers' lives. All right, with that, I'll turn it away.", "bMeoF5hPas4-00095-00064422-00064895": "Schennum: Okay well great, thank you very much. So we are here today. First of all,", "bMeoF5hPas4-00096-00064895-00065680": "I want to say that Lehigh University project and putting some of these oral histories on", "bMeoF5hPas4-00097-00065680-00066354": "record is incredibly important. The Steelworkers' Archives does sponsor an essay contest in", "bMeoF5hPas4-00098-00066354-00066805": "the Bethlehem Public Schools and we're already seeing that a lot of the essays are going", "bMeoF5hPas4-00099-00066805-00067256": "to the Beyond Steel website and are looking at some of these interviews with women that", "bMeoF5hPas4-00100-00067256-00067901": "are really important stories, that haven't really been a part of like the public record", "bMeoF5hPas4-00101-00067901-00068605": "until now. And we're really, really lucky tonight to have two of these pioneering women", "bMeoF5hPas4-00102-00068605-00069427": "with us to talk to us about working in the steel mills both in Bethlehem and of course", "bMeoF5hPas4-00103-00069427-00070232": "in here in Baltimore at Sparrows Point. You know, it's really important to hear the voices", "bMeoF5hPas4-00104-00070232-00070955": "of women who were doing that in the 1970s when they were, in Bethlehem's case, the first", "bMeoF5hPas4-00105-00070955-00071610": "women on the shop floor since World War II. In Baltimore's case, some of the first women", "bMeoF5hPas4-00106-00071610-00072195": "on the shop floor. There was a tin mill that had had women in it after World War II, for", "bMeoF5hPas4-00107-00072195-00072899": "quite a while in Baltimore. So, the historical background is just that as a result of the", "bMeoF5hPas4-00108-00072899-00073438": "civil rights and women's movement--the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Equal Pay for Women", "bMeoF5hPas4-00109-00073438-00074629": "Act of 1963, and then the 1974 Consent Decree, which was a deal worked out between Bethlehem", "bMeoF5hPas4-00110-00074629-00075286": "Steel and eight other steel companies, the United Steelworkers union, and the government", "bMeoF5hPas4-00111-00075286-00076025": "(the EEOC), which resolved some race-based discrimination cases that had originated out", "bMeoF5hPas4-00112-00076025-00076947": "of Bethlehem Steel Sparrows Point plant and Bethlehem Steel's Lackawanna plant. The 1974", "bMeoF5hPas4-00113-00076947-00077676": "consent decree became literally one of the most extensive affirmative action plans in", "bMeoF5hPas4-00114-00077676-00078418": "basic industry up to that point. And what it did was, it did a number of different things,", "bMeoF5hPas4-00115-00078418-00079293": "but it created plant-wide seniority so that people could move use their seniority to move", "bMeoF5hPas4-00116-00079293-00079913": "out of departments into other departments. Racism within the plants had limited workers", "bMeoF5hPas4-00117-00079913-00080656": "to certain departments within the plants. It also mandated some quotas for hiring which", "bMeoF5hPas4-00118-00080656-00081324": "employ, you know, applied to minority workers and applied to women. There was also a back", "bMeoF5hPas4-00119-00081324-00082046": "pay component, so as a result of the consent decree jobs on the shop floor in the plant", "bMeoF5hPas4-00120-00082046-00082881": "became available to women for the first time in many instances since World War II. So,", "bMeoF5hPas4-00121-00082881-00083455": "you know, the the women we have here today--Jean \"Honi\" Brugger from the Bethlehem plant and", "bMeoF5hPas4-00122-00083455-00084112": "Kathy Garrison from the Sparrows Point plant--started working on the shop floors, in the Bethlehem", "bMeoF5hPas4-00123-00084112-00084738": "plant and in Sparrows Point in the 1970s, at a time when the shop floor and the steel", "bMeoF5hPas4-00124-00084738-00085840": "mill culture was really a man's world. I want to introduce both of them. Jean \"Honi\" Brugger", "bMeoF5hPas4-00125-00085840-00086595": "worked with Bethlehem Steel from 1964 through 1993. She came from a steelworking family", "bMeoF5hPas4-00126-00086595-00087245": "in which her great-grandfather, her grandfather, her father, her aunts and uncles, and her", "bMeoF5hPas4-00127-00087245-00087837": "sisters and brothers all worked at the Bethlehem plant. Her family, like many in the city of", "bMeoF5hPas4-00128-00087837-00088232": "Bethlehem, had some members who worked in management and some who were union members", "bMeoF5hPas4-00129-00088232-00088841": "on the shop floor. She started on the shop floor in 1974, before the Consent Decree was", "bMeoF5hPas4-00130-00088841-00089480": "enacted. She was a very first woman to go onto the Bethlehem, Pennsylvania shop floor", "bMeoF5hPas4-00131-00089480-00090081": "since World War II. And the Bethlehem plant then hired 50 women in 1975 after the consent", "bMeoF5hPas4-00132-00090081-00090820": "decree, and 1979 was also o a big year for hiring. Jean Brugger was very involved with", "bMeoF5hPas4-00133-00090820-00091574": "working with those women. We have Kathy Garrison who grew up in a steelworking family and steelworking", "bMeoF5hPas4-00134-00091574-00092375": "community of Edgemere, which many of you know. Her mother worked for Bethlehem Steel's main", "bMeoF5hPas4-00135-00092375-00093070": "office. Her husband worked in the tin mill. She started at Sparrows Point in 1976 and", "bMeoF5hPas4-00136-00093070-00093827": "worked there until 2012. Kathy was also instrumental in starting the United Steelworkers' Women", "bMeoF5hPas4-00137-00093827-00094617": "of Steel program in Sparrows Point in 2004, which was a very important union program for", "bMeoF5hPas4-00138-00094617-00095189": "women and continued to be until the closing of the plant. So those are my introductions", "bMeoF5hPas4-00139-00095189-00095553": "in the background and I'd really like to turn it over to them.", "bMeoF5hPas4-00140-00095553-00096077": "I wondered if the both of you could start out by talking about why you decided to apply", "bMeoF5hPas4-00141-00096077-00096654": "for and take a job on the shop floor in the mill, and in the 1970s, what did your friends", "bMeoF5hPas4-00142-00096654-00097274": "and family think about that when that wasn't really something women were doing? You know,", "bMeoF5hPas4-00143-00097274-00098180": "moving into and working into industrial jobs--especially a steel mill job. So Kathy or Honi--who whoever", "bMeoF5hPas4-00144-00098180-00098430": "would like to start out.", "bMeoF5hPas4-00145-00098430-00099810": "Brugger: I'll start. This is Honi. I actually started February, 5th 1973 in an industrial", "bMeoF5hPas4-00146-00099810-00101062": "area of the plant. I was working at the time in accounts payable, and the girl who was", "bMeoF5hPas4-00147-00101062-00101827": "in charge of salary/employment knew me well and called me and said, \"this job's opening", "bMeoF5hPas4-00148-00101827-00102583": "up and we wanted to offer it to you.\" So I went over and got tested and said I'd take", "bMeoF5hPas4-00149-00102583-00103851": "it, because it was way more money for me. At the time, I was divorced and had a daughter", "bMeoF5hPas4-00150-00103851-00104888": "and I said, \"great!\" Went down. We had somewhat of a problem getting shoes for me because", "bMeoF5hPas4-00151-00104888-00106098": "there were no women's work shoes in our area. I ended up wearing a man's work shoe with", "bMeoF5hPas4-00152-00106098-00107141": "a steel tip with like four pairs of socks. And went out to #2 Machine Shop which did", "bMeoF5hPas4-00153-00107141-00107876": "all the large rolls that then went on to be processed and used by the Navy on ships or", "bMeoF5hPas4-00154-00107876-00109538": "guns. So it was a huge shop. The day I got there, the main office people brought me down", "bMeoF5hPas4-00155-00109538-00110700": "and said to this office in general, \"this is your new hire\" and what my name is. The", "bMeoF5hPas4-00156-00110700-00111266": "supervisor sat in the back of the room and he had like a partition. He stood up and he", "bMeoF5hPas4-00157-00111266-00112060": "looked and he said, \"I don't want an effing girl.\" So for the first week, no one talked", "bMeoF5hPas4-00158-00112060-00112774": "to me. I went in every day, sat in a chair at a desk, nothing to do, no work, no matter", "bMeoF5hPas4-00159-00112774-00113349": "who I said something to, you know, \"do you want to give me? I could file.\" Would not", "bMeoF5hPas4-00160-00113349-00114034": "talk to me, would give me no work. The next week I was scheduled night shift and I was", "bMeoF5hPas4-00161-00114034-00114946": "fortunate enough I had someone sensible who went out with me on night shift and showed", "bMeoF5hPas4-00162-00114946-00116241": "me the way around the shop and what the job entailed, which I had a pretty good idea of", "bMeoF5hPas4-00163-00116241-00117452": "what it was about but I didn't know all the particulars. And the first night was just", "bMeoF5hPas4-00164-00117452-00118049": "horrendous. People just wouldn't take the slips that I wrote, what the job was going", "bMeoF5hPas4-00165-00118049-00118633": "to cost, or anything. They just threw them back and screamed and yelled that they weren't", "bMeoF5hPas4-00166-00118633-00119615": "going to take my prices. It was quite disturbing to me. Some of the things they said were really", "bMeoF5hPas4-00167-00119615-00120832": "crude, rude, obnoxious. But I just thought, \"well, that's their problem.\" So then, after", "bMeoF5hPas4-00168-00120832-00121722": "the first week of night shift, I went into middle shift and I thought well maybe it won't", "bMeoF5hPas4-00169-00121722-00122721": "be so bad. Well, it was worse. They knew I was coming. They filled my shoes with oil.", "bMeoF5hPas4-00170-00122721-00123529": "I had put a lunch in the refrigerator, they filled it with Ex-lax. I couldn't set a drink", "bMeoF5hPas4-00171-00123529-00124203": "down anywhere because I couldn't trust that I could drink it, so I just stopped bringing", "bMeoF5hPas4-00172-00124203-00124899": "any kind of lunch and just would go to the water fountain and take a drink of water in", "bMeoF5hPas4-00173-00124899-00126185": "my shift. And there was nowhere to go to the bathroom whatsoever. As I moved through shops,", "bMeoF5hPas4-00174-00126185-00127352": "filling in for vacation, setting rates--everywhere, there was no bathroom for girls and yet the", "bMeoF5hPas4-00175-00127352-00128084": "superintendents had their own private bathrooms in the offices. And offices that their clerks", "bMeoF5hPas4-00176-00128084-00129033": "did the paperwork for that shop had a bathroom. I would have them watch the door. They wouldn't.", "bMeoF5hPas4-00177-00129033-00130003": "They'd say, \"go ahead, go in.\" And then they'd come in. It was so foreign to me, is all I", "bMeoF5hPas4-00178-00130003-00130740": "can explain it, that there were a lot of people. Bethlehem's not that big of a city. I knew", "bMeoF5hPas4-00179-00130740-00131475": "a lot of the people. I couldn't believe they were acting like this. They knew our whole", "bMeoF5hPas4-00180-00131475-00132454": "relation is pretty big and my father himself was involved in so many things. There were", "bMeoF5hPas4-00181-00132454-00133292": "lots and lots of guys who worked there who knew my father--church, boys club, every different", "bMeoF5hPas4-00182-00133292-00134084": "sport. He coached, he raised money. I mean, there isn't anybody who didn't know him, just", "bMeoF5hPas4-00183-00134084-00134772": "about, in town. So it was very odd to me that they knew who I was and were like that to", "bMeoF5hPas4-00184-00134772-00135491": "me even though they had always been nice on the outside. I just thought, \"well, that's", "bMeoF5hPas4-00185-00135491-00136538": "the way it is and this is the way it is.\" And there were a lot of really ridiculous", "bMeoF5hPas4-00186-00136538-00137995": "statements: I took a man's job, girls can't do math. At times, I kept thinking to myself,", "bMeoF5hPas4-00187-00137995-00138697": "\"is it all worth it?\" But it was worth it because I needed to earn more money. Okay,", "bMeoF5hPas4-00188-00138697-00139098": "Kathy, over to you.", "bMeoF5hPas4-00189-00139098-00139708": "Schennum: You know, Honi, it's really interesting you're describing at the Bethlehem plant an", "bMeoF5hPas4-00190-00139708-00140353": "entire, you know, company that really and workers that really seemed unprepared for", "bMeoF5hPas4-00191-00140353-00140839": "women to come in, even though this consent decree had been passed. You would describe", "bMeoF5hPas4-00192-00140839-00141511": "not having bathrooms, workers being very hostile to women coming in, not having any kind of", "bMeoF5hPas4-00193-00141511-00142130": "preparation or training for workers, for women to come in. So Kathy, I wonder what went on", "bMeoF5hPas4-00194-00142130-00142589": "at the Baltimore plant? And I'll go back sort of to my first question--like, what did your", "bMeoF5hPas4-00195-00142589-00143296": "family, like, think about you even getting a job in the plant in the 1970s? And then", "bMeoF5hPas4-00196-00143296-00143834": "you can move into what was it like when you actually started working there?", "bMeoF5hPas4-00197-00143834-00144637": "Garrison: Well, I was already married and I had an eight month old. But in our neighborhood,", "bMeoF5hPas4-00198-00144637-00145287": "and I guess I don't know whether all neighborhoods in America were like that, but we were a steelmaking", "bMeoF5hPas4-00199-00145287-00145855": "community and stuff like that, and they were very defined, you know, the husband was the", "bMeoF5hPas4-00200-00145855-00146392": "homemaker. I mean the husband was a breadwinner and the mom was a homemaker and for the most", "bMeoF5hPas4-00201-00146392-00146900": "part, you know, since I was already married my husband didn't really like the idea of", "bMeoF5hPas4-00202-00146900-00147265": "me going to work. He said, “it's embarrassing that the man's wife should have to work. It", "bMeoF5hPas4-00203-00147265-00147753": "means he can’t support his family.” And, you know, so it was very very common... all", "bMeoF5hPas4-00204-00147753-00148232": "up and down the streets of the neighborhood where I lived at, where the women took care", "bMeoF5hPas4-00205-00148232-00148877": "of the kids in the house and, you know, that was...Everybody had to find jobs. Dad was", "bMeoF5hPas4-00206-00148877-00149783": "the...you know, got his lunch box, went out, made money and come home.", "bMeoF5hPas4-00207-00149783-00150466": "But my mother was a widow because my father died in the service when I was a baby. She", "bMeoF5hPas4-00208-00150466-00151366": "worked in the main office. She had started there right out of high school. She never", "bMeoF5hPas4-00209-00151366-00152814": "worked in the mill but she worked, you know, in key punch is what she did. And so I always,", "bMeoF5hPas4-00210-00152814-00153769": "I had that example of not necessarily having a “homemaker mom.” My mom was a working", "bMeoF5hPas4-00211-00153769-00154642": "mom, so to me when I got married and had a child and everything like that, it didn't", "bMeoF5hPas4-00212-00154642-00155384": "occur to me that I wasn't supposed to work, you know. That that it was, you know, so...I", "bMeoF5hPas4-00213-00155384-00155987": "kind of, to be honest with you, wanted to work. I wanted to. My husband worked in the", "bMeoF5hPas4-00214-00155987-00159826": "mill and, you know, there was a lot of layoffs at that time back then. You know, you would", "bMeoF5hPas4-00215-00159826-00161998": "get laid off and then you call back and it was like a feast or famine sort of thing.", "bMeoF5hPas4-00216-00161998-00163622": "And I wanted to be able to buy a home and everything quicker and be able to have, you", "bMeoF5hPas4-00217-00163622-00164992": "know, I guess I wanted to kind of..I was a little more impatient. I wanted... we were", "bMeoF5hPas4-00218-00164992-00166287": "a young married couple, you know, and I... my mother had come home from work one day", "bMeoF5hPas4-00219-00166287-00168290": "and she said, “they're hiring at the plant and they're gonna hire women.” And I said,", "bMeoF5hPas4-00220-00168290-00170135": "“oh, I could go down there and work.” And, you know, my husband, he said, “well,", "bMeoF5hPas4-00221-00170135-00171732": "I don't really want you to work, you know. Just stay home and take care of the baby.”", "bMeoF5hPas4-00222-00171732-00173358": "But I wanted to work. I wanted to help. I wanted to, you know, and for us to be able", "bMeoF5hPas4-00223-00173358-00176539": "to accomplish things and and you know, have... be able to buy a home and that sort of thing.", "bMeoF5hPas4-00224-00176539-00177600": "So my brother had just graduated high school so I came down and put an application in with", "bMeoF5hPas4-00225-00177600-00178548": "him. Back at that time when they hired, they mass hired, you know. There was a line that", "bMeoF5hPas4-00226-00178548-00179534": "stretched all the way around the building because it was a good chance at a slice of", "bMeoF5hPas4-00227-00179534-00181511": "the American pie. I mean just probably never be a millionaire but you'll have a nice, you", "bMeoF5hPas4-00228-00181511-00182625": "know, a nice opportunity to have a home and buy a home and have, you know, a second car", "bMeoF5hPas4-00229-00182625-00184349": "and stuff like that. Well I, you know, I said, “well, I want to go try it.” So I went", "bMeoF5hPas4-00230-00184349-00185133": "down with my brother and I put the application in and more on a dare than anything, to be", "bMeoF5hPas4-00231-00185133-00186127": "honest with you. I wasn't looking for a job at that time. I mean, I did it just because", "bMeoF5hPas4-00232-00186127-00188600": "they said, “you could never work down there.” And I said, “yeah, I could. I think I could", "bMeoF5hPas4-00233-00188600-00190609": "do it.” So I put the application in along with my brother. We stood in line it seemed", "bMeoF5hPas4-00234-00190609-00192252": "like all day long. There were hundreds of people in line. I got a letter in the mail", "bMeoF5hPas4-00235-00192252-00196055": "like a week later telling me to come down for the physical and to take the test and", "bMeoF5hPas4-00236-00196055-00197750": "I was like, “oh goodness. Now what do I do?” And, you know, I kind of like...I had", "bMeoF5hPas4-00237-00197750-00200289": "a discussion with my husband, he said, “well, I really don't want you to work.” But you", "bMeoF5hPas4-00238-00200289-00201778": "know, I said, “we could buy a house so much quicker and everything.” And kind of talked", "bMeoF5hPas4-00239-00201778-00204209": "him into it. He says, “all right, well you know, you know it's awful hot. It's awful", "bMeoF5hPas4-00240-00204209-00205711": "dangerous down there.” And so I went, took the test, and it was...the hiring process", "bMeoF5hPas4-00241-00205711-00208435": "was pretty quick. Then they told me... I took the physical and then they said, “you'd", "bMeoF5hPas4-00242-00208435-00211089": "be starting in the open hearth.” Right? Number four open hearth. I come home. I didn't", "bMeoF5hPas4-00243-00211089-00213233": "know what open hearth was. I didn't know what any of it was. I just knew that I heard all", "bMeoF5hPas4-00244-00213233-00216160": "the sounds because I grew up listening to the train whistles and the, you know, the", "bMeoF5hPas4-00245-00216160-00218269": "booms and the bangs. I didn't know what a crane operator was or any of those things", "bMeoF5hPas4-00246-00218269-00219916": "or what an open hearth was. So I came home and I told my husband that I was going into", "bMeoF5hPas4-00247-00219916-00221655": "the open hearth and he was like, “oh my god. Oh no. That's horrible. That's hot and", "bMeoF5hPas4-00248-00221655-00224101": "it's so dangerous.” And he said, “I don't want you working there.” Then I said, “I'll,", "bMeoF5hPas4-00249-00224101-00224531": "you know, I'll be fine.” I just, you know...so really, it didn't start out as...it wasn't,", "bMeoF5hPas4-00250-00224531-00225256": "I mean, it's funny because they say, well we were pioneers and stuff. We didn't know", "bMeoF5hPas4-00251-00225256-00225910": "we were pioneers. We were just trying to do what we had to do to get by. And have, you", "bMeoF5hPas4-00252-00225910-00226736": "know, have a decent life. I mean I didn't set out to be any kind of a rebel or anything", "bMeoF5hPas4-00253-00226736-00226854": "like that.", "bMeoF5hPas4-00254-00226854-00227694": "That's another thing that was funny. A lot of the guys in...when I first started there,", "bMeoF5hPas4-00255-00227694-00228307": "they automatically... because this was a time, you got to remember, this was a time of women's", "bMeoF5hPas4-00256-00228307-00228998": "lib and women's rights and women were burning their bras and that sort of stuff, you know.", "bMeoF5hPas4-00257-00228998-00229263": "You know, it was a time when there was a lot of upheaval as far as women went, and so they", "bMeoF5hPas4-00258-00229263-00229636": "automatically thought that you were a women's libber and that, you know, that you hated", "bMeoF5hPas4-00259-00229636-00230189": "all men and that sort of thing, you know. But I used to tell them, “I'm a mom. I bake", "bMeoF5hPas4-00260-00230189-00230452": "cookies. I'm just trying to, you know, make a better life for my family. Trying to help", "bMeoF5hPas4-00261-00230452-00231344": "my husband out, right?” And ironically, now, you think about...there's very few families", "bMeoF5hPas4-00262-00231344-00231983": "that can afford just to have one person work. Just about everybody's...now it takes two", "bMeoF5hPas4-00263-00231983-00232495": "people to work and you know, I just... and we did, you know, we ended up being able to", "bMeoF5hPas4-00264-00232495-00233640": "buy a house and everything like that. But it was more like a challenge, you know.", "bMeoF5hPas4-00265-00233640-00234680": "Schennum: You know, Kathy, I think that people don't realize maybe...this is from Bethlehem", "bMeoF5hPas4-00266-00234680-00235439": "but I'm sure it was true in Baltimore also: the real wage differences between the work", "bMeoF5hPas4-00267-00235439-00237698": "that was available for women in Bethlehem in textile factories or in retail work, and", "bMeoF5hPas4-00268-00237698-00238142": "the pay that women could get in the 1970s going into the steel mill. I've had so many", "bMeoF5hPas4-00269-00238142-00238615": "women say when they got their first paycheck, the difference they saw was just incredible.", "bMeoF5hPas4-00270-00238615-00239621": "Garrison: I can't remember exactly what minimum wage was at the time. I believe it was around,", "bMeoF5hPas4-00271-00239621-00240642": "I know, it was probably less than two dollars. I think I started at Bethlehem making seven", "bMeoF5hPas4-00272-00240642-00241267": "dollars or something an hour...which was a lot of money, you know. It was...I remember", "bMeoF5hPas4-00273-00241267-00242100": "my first paycheck. They used to hand your paychecks out. The foreman would hand your", "bMeoF5hPas4-00274-00242100-00243634": "paycheck out. They weren't in envelopes or anything and I remember looking at it and", "bMeoF5hPas4-00275-00243634-00244509": "going, “is this mine? This is all mine?” I mean, it was, you know...my husband had", "bMeoF5hPas4-00276-00244509-00245445": "handled most of the money and everything like that, but I didn't realize that I was going", "bMeoF5hPas4-00277-00245445-00245820": "to be, you know, making that much money. I knew I was gonna be making good money, but....", "bMeoF5hPas4-00278-00245820-00246415": "and it's not just the money. It's the benefits and the, you know, even though I was covered", "bMeoF5hPas4-00279-00246415-00247210": "under his, but he got laid off a lot. You know, there were...there was a time when there", "bMeoF5hPas4-00280-00247210-00249325": "were a lot of layoffs in Bethlehem. But then one of the last contracts that they did, not", "bMeoF5hPas4-00281-00249325-00249792": "the last contracts but one of the contracts that they negotiated, they negotiated a new", "bMeoF5hPas4-00282-00249792-00255076": "layoff clause. So that put a lot of people with ease as far as, you know, there was a", "bMeoF5hPas4-00283-00255076-00255502": "lot more stability you know towards the end.", "bMeoF5hPas4-00284-00255502-00257883": "Schennum: You know Honi described when she went into the steel mill, running into some", "bMeoF5hPas4-00285-00257883-00259816": "of this like unpreparedness of the company and the hostility of the workers. I wonder", "bMeoF5hPas4-00286-00259816-00261285": "if, did you encounter that when you started in the Baltimore mill?", "bMeoF5hPas4-00287-00261285-00263803": "Garrison: No, it wasn't like... not everybody, but there were certain ones that I think resented", "bMeoF5hPas4-00288-00263803-00265292": "you being there. I mean, there were ones that made comments. Usually things like, “I can't", "bMeoF5hPas4-00289-00265292-00266058": "believe your husband let you work here.” And you know where a lot of the hostility", "bMeoF5hPas4-00290-00266058-00266792": "came from, was other women on the outside. Like friends of mine, and even like, my sister,", "bMeoF5hPas4-00291-00266792-00267353": "you know: “I would never work in a place like that. Oh no, I would never go in there.”", "bMeoF5hPas4-00292-00267353-00268279": "You know, my sister ended up on the job much later on, probably about 15 years later. But", "bMeoF5hPas4-00293-00268279-00269123": "I remember the first thing I said to her: “I would never work in a place like that.”", "bMeoF5hPas4-00294-00269123-00269724": "You know, but I mean, “that was just not a place for a woman” they'd say, like some", "bMeoF5hPas4-00295-00269724-00270402": "of the men when I first started. They would say, “this is no place for a woman. This", "bMeoF5hPas4-00296-00270402-00271136": "ain’t no job for a woman, you know. You shouldn't be here. This is no job for a woman.”", "bMeoF5hPas4-00297-00271136-00271467": "And I...this is no job for anybody, really, if you think about it. I mean, you know, I", "bMeoF5hPas4-00298-00271467-00271803": "mean my life is more valuable than yours? I mean it's dangerous but, you know...but", "bMeoF5hPas4-00299-00271803-00272641": "there was a camaraderie. I don't think that the resentment and everything went so far", "bMeoF5hPas4-00300-00272641-00273603": "as whether it allowed you to be harmed in any way, or anything like that. Everybody", "bMeoF5hPas4-00301-00273603-00274184": "still looked out for each other. And I think that as time went on and you showed that you", "bMeoF5hPas4-00302-00274184-00274769": "were seriously there to work, you know that, that respect came with that. But I think initially", "bMeoF5hPas4-00303-00274769-00275924": "we were very much like a novelty or a big joke, you know. And they did, they would pull", "bMeoF5hPas4-00304-00275924-00276974": "things on you, but they would do that with every new hire though, you know? Like they", "bMeoF5hPas4-00305-00276974-00277955": "sent you for things that didn't exist. That was a big joke, you know. They'd send you", "bMeoF5hPas4-00306-00277955-00279154": "over for, they would call it a wooden frigate. “Go over", "bMeoF5hPas4-00307-00279154-00280093": "to the shop and get some wooden frigates.” And you go over there and ask for wooden frigates", "bMeoF5hPas4-00308-00280093-00280829": "and they're like, they all start laughing, you know. But I think that happens in, you", "bMeoF5hPas4-00309-00280829-00282844": "know, in a lot of work environments. There's the rookie, you know, you get to laugh at", "bMeoF5hPas4-00310-00282844-00283434": "the rookie. But I mean, there were some... there were some comments and some hostility,", "bMeoF5hPas4-00311-00283434-00284793": "but I don't think it extended to the point where they would see you get hurt or you know.", "bMeoF5hPas4-00312-00284793-00285864": "It was a man's world, it was a man's world. There wasn't a whole lot of room for, like,", "bMeoF5hPas4-00313-00285864-00286658": "you couldn't be a fluffball. You couldn't worry about your nails and you couldn't worry", "bMeoF5hPas4-00314-00286658-00287648": "about your hair and that sort of thing. You had to be willing to show them that you could", "bMeoF5hPas4-00315-00287648-00288813": "get in there and you would get your hands dirty and stuff like that. You know, you were", "bMeoF5hPas4-00316-00288813-00289442": "willing to do the work. And some people didn't want to train you, you know, because you had", "bMeoF5hPas4-00317-00289442-00290378": "to be trained. Some guys didn't want to train you, but then, once I did learn some of the", "bMeoF5hPas4-00318-00290378-00290825": "jobs I was always real eager to train other people. And like, you begin to make friends.", "bMeoF5hPas4-00319-00290825-00291247": "Like there was a guy that came in from another department who had more seniority and nobody", "bMeoF5hPas4-00320-00291247-00292345": "really wanted to train him because he had more seniority so he would bump them out of", "bMeoF5hPas4-00321-00292345-00293149": "their jobs. And I trained him, you know, and him and I became friends. But I mean, you", "bMeoF5hPas4-00322-00293149-00294061": "can make, you know... I think you prove yourself and then and then you become... you gain the", "bMeoF5hPas4-00323-00294061-00294560": "respect. And once you gain the respect, once they see that, you know, you weren't there", "bMeoF5hPas4-00324-00294560-00294945": "to just just try to skate through or anything like that, that you really were there to do", "bMeoF5hPas4-00325-00294945-00295473": "the best that you could do...I think you gained respect. And it became almost like...you had", "bMeoF5hPas4-00326-00295473-00295979": "to understand the dangerous environment you're in. You're in a situation where you can be", "bMeoF5hPas4-00327-00295979-00296529": "killed at really any second. I mean, anything could fall from a crane or...you really have", "bMeoF5hPas4-00328-00296529-00297331": "to be very, very careful. So we were almost like as...it gets to the point where you're", "bMeoF5hPas4-00329-00297331-00297718": "almost like police partners. How they are, you know, how close they are...and then...or", "bMeoF5hPas4-00330-00297718-00298100": "even like in a war zone, in a setting you're always looking out for each other's back,", "bMeoF5hPas4-00331-00298100-00298666": "you know. That kind of, you know, that kind of develops over time. But in the beginning", "bMeoF5hPas4-00332-00298666-00299195": "they didn't think we were gonna...they didn't think we were gonna last. They thought, you", "bMeoF5hPas4-00333-00299195-00300089": "know, the work was too hard and you know, what woman would want to work there?", "bMeoF5hPas4-00334-00300089-00300710": "Schennum: Yeah, so I think it's interesting, Kathy--and Honi, you can land on this too.", "bMeoF5hPas4-00335-00300710-00301377": "You know one thing I think that was interesting at both the Bethlehem plant and the Sparrows", "bMeoF5hPas4-00336-00301377-00301959": "Point plant was women were so scattered throughout the steel mill. You know, they were sent to", "bMeoF5hPas4-00337-00301959-00302625": "a variety of different departments. And so often, it seemed to me, like when you're talking", "bMeoF5hPas4-00338-00302625-00303309": "about winning respect and earning respect you sort of had to do that as an individual", "bMeoF5hPas4-00339-00303309-00304260": "in a department that was mostly men. And I think one thing that was different about the", "bMeoF5hPas4-00340-00304260-00304816": "Baltimore plant...because the Bethlehem plant really closed in 1998, was that the union", "bMeoF5hPas4-00341-00304816-00305376": "was able to, you know, begin to become more involved with women. To bring Women of Steel", "bMeoF5hPas4-00342-00305376-00306198": "into the plant and to sort of create a solidarity amongst women. And Kathy I know you were very", "bMeoF5hPas4-00343-00306198-00306922": "involved in that. Honi, I know that that didn't really happen at the Bethlehem plant. You", "bMeoF5hPas4-00344-00306922-00307982": "were sort of trying to work with women on your own. So I wonder if you wanted to talk", "bMeoF5hPas4-00345-00307982-00308574": "about that? Kathy, I think you have to unmute yourself.", "bMeoF5hPas4-00346-00308574-00309728": "Garrison: A lot of women were in situations like that. A lot of times you just tend to", "bMeoF5hPas4-00347-00309728-00311567": "disconnect and, you know, I didn't. I had never been, like, really seriously involved", "bMeoF5hPas4-00348-00311567-00313644": "in the union or anything like that. I worked, went, you know, worked, came home, took care", "bMeoF5hPas4-00349-00313644-00314120": "of kids, you know. And all that sort of work, come home. I didn't really, there wasn't a", "bMeoF5hPas4-00350-00314120-00315429": "whole lot of...that was the way I made my living. And, you know, that was the end of", "bMeoF5hPas4-00351-00315429-00317085": "that. I didn't really get involved with the union a whole lot, although I knew people", "bMeoF5hPas4-00352-00317085-00317806": "who were, you know, but they asked me... the International [union] was a big, you know,", "bMeoF5hPas4-00353-00317806-00318369": "they did kind of like a big push for the Women of Steel. They wanted to, you know, they wanted", "bMeoF5hPas4-00354-00318369-00318808": "to get women involved and get them active and participating in union affairs and stuff", "bMeoF5hPas4-00355-00318808-00319309": "like that. So the president of our union asked me if I would be interested. He contacted", "bMeoF5hPas4-00356-00319309-00320242": "me and said...asked me if I would be interested in starting up the Women of Steel. The Women", "bMeoF5hPas4-00357-00320242-00321118": "of Steel existed before me, it's just that with all of the the changes and everything", "bMeoF5hPas4-00358-00321118-00321335": "that were happening…. Bethlehem went bankrupt and then a new company took over, and so the", "bMeoF5hPas4-00359-00321335-00321576": "Women of Steel--that particular, the original committee--kind of...Addie [Loretta Houston]", "bMeoF5hPas4-00360-00321576-00321972": "Smith was the head of that. It kind of like...I don't know whether...it didn't disassemble", "bMeoF5hPas4-00361-00321972-00322706": "or anything, it just kind of disappeared, you know. And people weren't focusing on that", "bMeoF5hPas4-00362-00322706-00322808": "sort of thing because they were talking, you know, it was more of a focus of keeping the", "bMeoF5hPas4-00363-00322808-00323239": "plant open and what's going to happen with our [jobs], you know, that sort of thing.", "bMeoF5hPas4-00364-00323239-00323661": "So I don't think...then they asked if I would be interested in chairing the committee and", "bMeoF5hPas4-00365-00323661-00324338": "I was like, “I don't even know what it's about, you know. I don't know, I don't know", "bMeoF5hPas4-00366-00324338-00325226": "anything about Women of Steel.” So I went to, they sent me to Blacksburg, Virginia,", "bMeoF5hPas4-00367-00325226-00325716": "and they have a Women of Steel training program and it teaches you about the importance of", "bMeoF5hPas4-00368-00325716-00326514": "leaning in and the importance of getting involved, and why you need to be involved and that sort", "bMeoF5hPas4-00369-00326514-00327519": "of thing. And then I kind of got it, you know, when I come back I was like, “okay. Now", "bMeoF5hPas4-00370-00327519-00328016": "I understand.” I understand why it's so important because a lot of women do disconnect.", "bMeoF5hPas4-00371-00328016-00328419": "They're, you know, it's very important to...you need to know the information that you need", "bMeoF5hPas4-00372-00328419-00328871": "to know, you know. If, like, look...guys, a lot of guys, will hang out at the bar after", "bMeoF5hPas4-00373-00328871-00329540": "work and have a few beers and they talk and they, you know, network with each other. But", "bMeoF5hPas4-00374-00329540-00330529": "a lot of women, they kind of like, you know, they come in, they do their job, and they", "bMeoF5hPas4-00375-00330529-00330723": "go home because there's not a whole lot of women to interact with and stuff in a lot", "bMeoF5hPas4-00376-00330723-00331281": "of the areas. So it was a good... it was very good, you know, we started getting the women", "bMeoF5hPas4-00377-00331281-00331683": "together and started getting them involved and started organizing different fundraising", "bMeoF5hPas4-00378-00331683-00332308": "events and stuff like that. And it was a very good thing. It was, you know, more and more", "bMeoF5hPas4-00379-00332308-00332844": "women started going to the union meetings. Because, like, I never really went to the", "bMeoF5hPas4-00380-00332844-00333576": "union--why would you, you know, want to go to the union meetings when you're probably", "bMeoF5hPas4-00381-00333576-00334477": "going to be one of the only women there? yYu know you're going to feel a little odd, you", "bMeoF5hPas4-00382-00334477-00335439": "know. They said you give you free hot dogs and they give you, you know... I was like,", "bMeoF5hPas4-00383-00335439-00336094": "“yeah, I don't think so,” you know. But then after I got involved with Women of Steel,", "bMeoF5hPas4-00384-00336094-00337101": "it was like yeah, this is, you know, we need to know this information. This is important.", "bMeoF5hPas4-00385-00337101-00338115": "It was a good thing because it does help when you realize that you're not alone, that there's", "bMeoF5hPas4-00386-00338115-00339139": "other people in the same situation that you're in. You know, strength in numbers they say.", "bMeoF5hPas4-00387-00339139-00340032": "And it kind of gives you a little bit more courage to just, you know... I mean simple", "bMeoF5hPas4-00388-00340032-00340853": "things, things that you wouldn't even think about--like the color of the uniforms. I mean,", "bMeoF5hPas4-00389-00340853-00341628": "I know it doesn't seem like a man wouldn't even think about that, but a woman of childbearing", "bMeoF5hPas4-00390-00341628-00342498": "years is going to think about that, you know what i'm saying? It's important not to have", "bMeoF5hPas4-00391-00342498-00343240": "to wear light green all the time, you know, when you're out there working in an environment", "bMeoF5hPas4-00392-00343240-00344070": "where...you understand what I'm saying? And that's not the sort of thing you can stand", "bMeoF5hPas4-00393-00344070-00344867": "up in a room full of men and say, “hey, I need this and this is why,” you know.", "bMeoF5hPas4-00394-00344867-00345740": "So I mean it kind of gives you the...but there are things that most people don't even think", "bMeoF5hPas4-00395-00345740-00346904": "about. The size of your gloves. I mean, I remember some of the gloves we had were like", "bMeoF5hPas4-00396-00346904-00347938": "Edward Scissorhands, you know, you had like great big... or just small things like being", "bMeoF5hPas4-00397-00347938-00348881": "able to, you know, just it's all about networking and being able to interact with each other.", "bMeoF5hPas4-00398-00348881-00349713": "And you know you're not there to... you're not there like they said, “why do you have", "bMeoF5hPas4-00399-00349713-00350289": "to have your special?” It's not to divide us, it's to unite us. It's so that everybody", "bMeoF5hPas4-00400-00350289-00351005": "gets involved. I mean, if you've got a baseball team and your third baseman is sitting on", "bMeoF5hPas4-00401-00351005-00351624": "his hands, then you don't have the...you know, everybody needs to get involved. And so that's", "bMeoF5hPas4-00402-00351624-00352217": "pretty much, you know, was that was the purpose behind that.", "bMeoF5hPas4-00403-00352217-00352865": "Schennum: Yeah, I think that's very important and I think that is something that the Baltimore", "bMeoF5hPas4-00404-00352865-00353715": "plant had. And that you were very instrumental in helping to initiate, that the Bethlehem", "bMeoF5hPas4-00405-00353715-00354698": "Steel mill never never got in part because it closed earlier, right? So the United Steelworkers", "bMeoF5hPas4-00406-00354698-00355369": "union really never got to the point where they recognized that they had to have this", "bMeoF5hPas4-00407-00355369-00356039": "separate group for women and recruit women like yourself to help organize it. I think", "bMeoF5hPas4-00408-00356039-00356763": "Honi would tell us that at the Bethlehem plant, the union became much more receptive to women's", "bMeoF5hPas4-00409-00356763-00357350": "interests and women's needs over time but still never really created this separate group", "bMeoF5hPas4-00410-00357350-00357958": "that was bringing women together to create, you know, solidarity. So I think we have to", "bMeoF5hPas4-00411-00357958-00358902": "wrap up here pretty soon for questions. I guess I would just ask Honi and Kathy to sort", "bMeoF5hPas4-00412-00358902-00359495": "of quickly reflect on your time at Bethlehem Steel--like what was meaningful and valuable", "bMeoF5hPas4-00413-00359495-00360089": "to you about that experience? And like, sort of as trailblazers in the workforce. What", "bMeoF5hPas4-00414-00360089-00360975": "did you learn working in the steel mill that you would want to pass on to girls and also", "bMeoF5hPas4-00415-00360975-00361717": "to boys that are growing up today? I think you're both muted so you have to unmute yeah", "bMeoF5hPas4-00416-00361717-00361817": "and Honi that's true for you.", "bMeoF5hPas4-00417-00361817-00362274": "Garrison: I'm pretty much...if I learned anything, I learned don't limit yourself and don't let", "bMeoF5hPas4-00418-00362274-00363023": "people tell you you can't do certain things. You know, at least try it. But you also got", "bMeoF5hPas4-00419-00363023-00363599": "to know your limitations. I mean, I learned that there's tools available and that with", "bMeoF5hPas4-00420-00363599-00364318": "your brain, you can accomplish just about anything. You really can. I mean, you may", "bMeoF5hPas4-00421-00364318-00364945": "not be able to do it with might, but you can do it with your brain. There's a smarter way", "bMeoF5hPas4-00422-00364945-00365882": "to do things, you know, a lot of times. And you do...you know, don't ever, don't ever", "bMeoF5hPas4-00423-00365882-00366799": "be afraid to try, you know. And don't let somebody tell you that girls don't do that,", "bMeoF5hPas4-00424-00366799-00367001": "you know. I think that you can do whatever you want now. I mean you got to have sense", "bMeoF5hPas4-00425-00367001-00367101": "about you, but you know... I wouldn't [have] had it any other way. I really wouldn't have...", "bMeoF5hPas4-00426-00367101-00367201": "I mean, was it the easiest route to take? No, of course not. But it built character,", "bMeoF5hPas4-00427-00367201-00367301": "it built grit, you know, and made me tougher. This life, this world is not an easy place", "bMeoF5hPas4-00428-00367301-00367465": "to be and just exist in and it toughens you up and it also makes you realize how to deal", "bMeoF5hPas4-00429-00367465-00367806": "with adversity and how to deal with, you know, get along with people even people that are", "bMeoF5hPas4-00430-00367806-00367906": "very different than you, you know. It wasn't...I didn't have a boring life at all. I mean,", "bMeoF5hPas4-00431-00367906-00368117": "and if you've seen the type of work that we've done, you know, I mean you see that and you", "bMeoF5hPas4-00432-00368117-00368602": "think, “wow, I did that?” You know, I mean, there's a sense of pride in making steel", "bMeoF5hPas4-00433-00368602-00369333": "and I guess people who [have] never been involved with it wouldn't understand but, you know,", "bMeoF5hPas4-00434-00369333-00369933": "it's important. I always thought, “oh, I'm just a steelworker,” right? But I had a", "bMeoF5hPas4-00435-00369933-00370613": "nurse tell me one time, a friend of mine who was a nurse, I said: “it amazes me what", "bMeoF5hPas4-00436-00370613-00371432": "you do. I mean, you save people's lives.” And she said, “yeah, but I couldn't do what", "bMeoF5hPas4-00437-00371432-00372374": "I do if you didn't do what you do.” So I guess we all have a place, you know.", "bMeoF5hPas4-00438-00372374-00373090": "Schennum: Yeah. Honi, do you want to add anything to that? You're on mute so you'd have to unmute", "bMeoF5hPas4-00439-00373090-00373563": "yourself, Honi. [Pause] Okay, I don't know if Honi can unmute herself so I guess we would", "bMeoF5hPas4-00440-00373563-00374125": "open it up to questions at this point. Auni, do you wanna help moderate that? Or if anyone", "bMeoF5hPas4-00441-00374125-00374433": "has any questions at all for Kathy or Honi?", "bMeoF5hPas4-00442-00374433-00374881": "Gelles: I don't see any in the moment but, open up the floor so if anybody, you know,", "bMeoF5hPas4-00443-00374881-00375091": "has a question or has their own experience that they'd like to share, go for it.", "bMeoF5hPas4-00444-00375091-00375346": "Garrison: You know, the sad thing of it is there are so many amazing stories that get", "bMeoF5hPas4-00445-00375346-00375976": "left untold, you know. It really is. I mean I'm just one steelworker of, you know, hundreds", "bMeoF5hPas4-00446-00375976-00376265": "of like, 225 of us I think.", "bMeoF5hPas4-00447-00376265-00376373": "Schennum: I also think there's other really interesting differences between the Baltimore", "bMeoF5hPas4-00448-00376373-00376565": "plant and the Bethlehem plant that are, like, I don't think have been investigated enough.", "bMeoF5hPas4-00449-00376565-00376665": "I'm really curious about the role of the women who were working in the tin mill as inspectors", "bMeoF5hPas4-00450-00376665-00376808": "because I know when that tin mill closed a lot of those women went into other areas in", "bMeoF5hPas4-00451-00376808-00376908": "the tin mill and then with the consent decree they started bidding on jobs outside of that.", "bMeoF5hPas4-00452-00376908-00377008": "So, that's an interesting case that wasn't there at [the] Bethlehem plant, where they", "bMeoF5hPas4-00453-00377008-00377117": "had been working at Baltimore for a long time, maybe they were a little older now and now", "bMeoF5hPas4-00454-00377117-00377491": "they were moving into these parts of the mill that had never seen women working there before.", "bMeoF5hPas4-00455-00377491-00377976": "I think some of them also, Kathy, would probably have been eligible for that back pay that", "bMeoF5hPas4-00456-00377976-00378550": "was a part of the consent decree. It was very controversial and when workers got that back", "bMeoF5hPas4-00457-00378550-00378984": "pay it actually came out to only about 600 bucks per person so it wasn't a lot of money,", "bMeoF5hPas4-00458-00378984-00379361": "but...it's just interesting to me in Baltimore because that wasn't the case at the Bethlehem", "bMeoF5hPas4-00459-00379361-00379461": "mill at all.", "bMeoF5hPas4-00460-00379461-00379782": "Gelles: Jill, there was a question for the audience: could you tell us a little bit about", "bMeoF5hPas4-00461-00379782-00380247": "the consent decree and what that was and how it changed things?", "bMeoF5hPas4-00462-00380247-00380958": "Schennum: Yeah, so the consent decree really came out of the Civil Rights Act, right? If", "bMeoF5hPas4-00463-00380958-00381569": "there hadn't been a civil rights movement and a Civil Rights Act then African-American", "bMeoF5hPas4-00464-00381569-00381669": "workers at Bethlehem Steel's Lackawanna plant and Bethlehem Steel’s Sparrows Point plant", "bMeoF5hPas4-00465-00381669-00381769": "could not have brought race discrimination cases before the federal government, the EEOC.", "bMeoF5hPas4-00466-00381769-00381869": "But because of the civil rights movement and the Civil Rights Act they were able to do", "bMeoF5hPas4-00467-00381869-00382099": "that, to bring those cases before the federal government. And therefore, there was a whole", "bMeoF5hPas4-00468-00382099-00382199": "number of cases coming out of those two plants--Lackawanna and Baltimore--which had many more African-American", "bMeoF5hPas4-00469-00382199-00382299": "workers than the Bethlehem plant, for example, or Bethlehem Steel's Johnstown plant, for", "bMeoF5hPas4-00470-00382299-00382399": "example. So in order to resolve those race-based discrimination cases, the government, the", "bMeoF5hPas4-00471-00382399-00382499": "union (United Steelworkers), and Bethlehem Steel and eight other steel corporations that", "bMeoF5hPas4-00472-00382499-00382599": "were also facing race-based discrimination cases, all got together and negotiated this", "bMeoF5hPas4-00473-00382599-00382699": "consent decree which was essentially an affirmative action plan that would apply then to Bethlehem", "bMeoF5hPas4-00474-00382699-00382799": "Steel and these other eight companies. I hope that answers the question.", "bMeoF5hPas4-00475-00382799-00382899": "Gelles: And I see Honi is unmuted, so Honi, was there anything else that you wanted to", "bMeoF5hPas4-00476-00382899-00382999": "add? [Pause]", "bMeoF5hPas4-00477-00382999-00383099": "Schennum: Honi, did you have anything you wanted to say about just sort of reflections", "bMeoF5hPas4-00478-00383099-00383199": "on, like, what was meaningful and valuable to you about your entire experience being", "bMeoF5hPas4-00479-00383199-00383299": "an early woman at Bethlehem Steel?", "bMeoF5hPas4-00480-00383299-00383399": "Gelles: I think we're all having a few technical difficulties over here tonight so if anyone", "bMeoF5hPas4-00481-00383399-00383499": "has a question, you know, that doesn't get answered because some technical difficulties", "bMeoF5hPas4-00482-00383499-00383599": "feel free to...I think most of you have my email address and you can always use the chat.", "bMeoF5hPas4-00483-00383599-00383699": "So certainly, it's a big topic. I know it's a lot to cover in just an hour. Is there anything", "bMeoF5hPas4-00484-00383699-00383799": "else Jill or anybody else that we wanted to go over? I don't see any other questions from", "bMeoF5hPas4-00485-00383799-00383899": "the audience here. Any final words?", "bMeoF5hPas4-00486-00383899-00383999": "Garrison: I just wanted to say that, how... I just want to thank everyone for actually", "bMeoF5hPas4-00487-00383999-00384099": "documenting, you know, because this is the sort of thing that could just go, you know,", "bMeoF5hPas4-00488-00384099-00384199": "not only just women, you know, not just women in the steel mills, but just the whole history", "bMeoF5hPas4-00489-00384199-00384299": "of Bethlehem Steel. It's just, you know, of course I live right in the neighborhood still,", "bMeoF5hPas4-00490-00384299-00384399": "and to see the mill gone and all these, you know, all these their big warehouses and stuff", "bMeoF5hPas4-00491-00384399-00384499": "there now... it's kind of strange, but that people wouldn't know that history, you know,", "bMeoF5hPas4-00492-00384499-00384678": "if it weren't for people like, you know, the Baltimore Museum of Industry and that sort", "bMeoF5hPas4-00493-00384678-00384929": "of thing. So I appreciate that people, you know, actually take an interest in and take", "bMeoF5hPas4-00494-00384929-00385029": "the time because it is a real part of our whole community and there's a lot of heart", "bMeoF5hPas4-00495-00385029-00385129": "in that. There's a lot of people that, you know, their husbands, their fathers, their", "bMeoF5hPas4-00496-00385129-00385229": "grandfathers... a lot of history there and I just... I'm so glad that they're documented", "bMeoF5hPas4-00497-00385229-00385329": "and taking a big interest in it.", "bMeoF5hPas4-00498-00385329-00385429": "Schennum: Yeah, I mean, I totally agree with you, Kathy. It's really really important to", "bMeoF5hPas4-00499-00385429-00385529": "document the history and I think it's also really important to recognize that Bethlehem", "bMeoF5hPas4-00500-00385529-00385629": "Steel, you know, had all these different steel mills that are sort of part of the overall", "bMeoF5hPas4-00501-00385629-00385729": "picture of Bethlehem Steel but that are also very, very locally rooted. So Sparrows Point", "bMeoF5hPas4-00502-00385729-00385829": "just had a huge impact on Baltimore and all of the working-class communities and towns", "bMeoF5hPas4-00503-00385829-00385929": "around Sparrows Point. And obviously the story of women in the mill is a part of that, but", "bMeoF5hPas4-00504-00385929-00386029": "it's so much a part of the lives of so many people in Baltimore. And in the same way in", "bMeoF5hPas4-00505-00386029-00386405": "Bethlehem, in a somewhat different way because it's a different community, that steel mill,", "bMeoF5hPas4-00506-00386405-00386769": "like, was so important in the lives of so many community members. And to sort of see", "bMeoF5hPas4-00507-00386769-00386875": "that history not remembered or even the geography erased, I agree with you, Kathy--it's disturbing.", "bMeoF5hPas4-00508-00386875-00386978": "Garrison: Well I was wondering... well I guess she can't, she's probably having a problem", "bMeoF5hPas4-00509-00386978-00387078": "with her audio but I was wondering how her community has changed as far as like... since", "bMeoF5hPas4-00510-00387078-00387178": "because I know here, it's totally different. I mean even the people are different, you", "bMeoF5hPas4-00511-00387178-00387278": "know, used to be everybody was, you know, steelworkers or steelworkers’ families and", "bMeoF5hPas4-00512-00387278-00387378": "stuff and now you're getting a lot of, you know, a lot of bigger homes, very expensive", "bMeoF5hPas4-00513-00387378-00387478": "homes...", "bMeoF5hPas4-00514-00387478-00387578": "Brugger: I'm unmuted now again. Can you hear me? Okay, I think the attitude around Bethlehem", "bMeoF5hPas4-00515-00387578-00387678": "since it closed down has really changed into more people being very proud that girls went", "bMeoF5hPas4-00516-00387678-00387778": "in and did what they did. And have a better appreciation for the work they did because", "bMeoF5hPas4-00517-00387778-00387991": "of all the interviews and shows that were put on by PBS. There were lots of housewives", "bMeoF5hPas4-00518-00387991-00388106": "at home who had no idea what their husbands did at work and when they saw it, and saw", "bMeoF5hPas4-00519-00388106-00388325": "that women were doing that, it empowered them in a way. And I think it was a good, a good", "bMeoF5hPas4-00520-00388325-00388425": "teacher to the younger girls coming up. I think one of the most important things we", "bMeoF5hPas4-00521-00388425-00388525": "should be doing is going to classrooms and talking about what we did and what we went", "bMeoF5hPas4-00522-00388525-00388625": "through so it empowers them for whatever they want to do.", "bMeoF5hPas4-00523-00388625-00388725": "But I think... I think in Bethlehem, there was great dismay when it closed and a lot", "bMeoF5hPas4-00524-00388725-00388825": "of people were very angry. But, I think that the community here has really pulled together", "bMeoF5hPas4-00525-00388825-00388925": "to include an awful lot about the steel into the community. There's a steelworkers statue.", "bMeoF5hPas4-00526-00388925-00389025": "They sold bricks you could buy with everybody's name on it who worked, and put all around", "bMeoF5hPas4-00527-00389025-00389125": "the base of that statu. There's a big memorial in our rose garden. And I think, I think now", "bMeoF5hPas4-00528-00389125-00389225": "that it's closed, more people are starting to realize what good it was for the community", "bMeoF5hPas4-00529-00389225-00389325": "that wasn't there before.", "bMeoF5hPas4-00530-00389325-00389425": "Schennum: Yeah, I agree, Honi. And I think a big difference, I mean I think it's wonderful", "bMeoF5hPas4-00531-00389425-00389525": "that the Baltimore Museum of Industry is really focusing on Bethlehem Steel of late, but I", "bMeoF5hPas4-00532-00389525-00389625": "do think a big difference in Bethlehem is the preservation of the blast furnaces. It", "bMeoF5hPas4-00533-00389625-00389725": "is, you know, the creation of the National Museum of Industrial History. It's the work", "bMeoF5hPas4-00534-00389725-00389825": "the Steelworkers' Archives have done and I'm happy to see that kind of work being done", "bMeoF5hPas4-00535-00389825-00389925": "in Baltimore now too. So I agree with you.", "bMeoF5hPas4-00536-00389925-00390025": "Brugger: I agree. I agree, and I think there's a lot of girls who came in that I have to", "bMeoF5hPas4-00537-00390025-00390125": "say, were shocked. Not the kind of person you would have expected was going to take", "bMeoF5hPas4-00538-00390125-00390225": "a job like that. And they themselves will tell you how it changed them to be more strengthened", "bMeoF5hPas4-00539-00390225-00390325": "in their own self-worth and within their families. I know one girl told me, “I can't believe", "bMeoF5hPas4-00540-00390325-00390425": "my brothers never worked at this field.” But when they first saw some of the movies", "bMeoF5hPas4-00541-00390425-00390525": "about the steel, they held the big dinner in her honor and said, “we can't believe", "bMeoF5hPas4-00542-00390525-00390625": "you did this work.” So that's like a really good story that came out of it, that her own", "bMeoF5hPas4-00543-00390625-00390725": "family realized what they didn't realize when she was going through it and maybe didn't", "bMeoF5hPas4-00544-00390725-00390825": "want to hear it. I don't know, but it... I just think a lot of attitudes here had changed", "bMeoF5hPas4-00545-00390825-00390925": "and I think we are fortunate what we have here in Bethlehem, for people who are trying", "bMeoF5hPas4-00546-00390925-00391025": "very hard to keep the steel memory alive through a lot of different ways. And just with the", "bMeoF5hPas4-00547-00391025-00391125": "archives going to talk to classrooms and to various groups and there's questions afterwards", "bMeoF5hPas4-00548-00391125-00391225": "that are unbelievable that people did not know about the steel, who lived there who", "bMeoF5hPas4-00549-00391225-00391325": "lived here their whole life. And that always surprises me when we go to give talks. Like", "bMeoF5hPas4-00550-00391325-00391425": "they just say, “oh my god. We had no idea. Open fires?” That was all news to them,", "bMeoF5hPas4-00551-00391425-00391525": "yet it's...they were just so many remarks like that, that people had no idea. They just", "bMeoF5hPas4-00552-00391525-00391625": "knew their husbands went to work and got dirty. But they had no idea the danger. The best", "bMeoF5hPas4-00553-00391625-00391725": "thing we ever did at Beth Steel? It was a really big deal. Every department took a weekend", "bMeoF5hPas4-00554-00391725-00391825": "in a whole year and you could bring your family members into your department. Now there were", "bMeoF5hPas4-00555-00391825-00391925": "a couple departments they couldn't go into, just because of the terrain and the danger,", "bMeoF5hPas4-00556-00391925-00392025": "but every department could at least bring them to the site on the outside, even if they", "bMeoF5hPas4-00557-00392025-00392125": "couldn't go on the inside. But I did a lot of those tours and I cannot tell you the amount", "bMeoF5hPas4-00558-00392125-00392225": "of wives that cried when they saw the BOF pouring steel and said, “I can't, I can't", "bMeoF5hPas4-00559-00392225-00392325": "believe people have to do this.” It was really an eye-opener to the community when", "bMeoF5hPas4-00560-00392325-00392425": "we did those tours.", "bMeoF5hPas4-00561-00392425-00392525": "Schennum: Yeah, thank you. Thank you, Honi.", "bMeoF5hPas4-00562-00392525-00392625": "Garrison: Yeah...I, um...my daughter, I brought my daughters down because they had a... they", "bMeoF5hPas4-00563-00392625-00392725": "used to have tours that go through and everything like that. My daughters were in their teenage", "bMeoF5hPas4-00564-00392725-00392825": "years and I was working that day so they got a chance to see me work on the caster. And", "bMeoF5hPas4-00565-00392825-00392925": "when I got home they were sitting on the couch and they said to me, “Mom, we want to talk", "bMeoF5hPas4-00566-00392925-00393025": "to you. We don't want you working there anymore.” And I just, I laughed. I said, “it'll be", "bMeoF5hPas4-00567-00393025-00393125": "fine.” Because they got to see me in the silver suit with the hood and all that, you", "bMeoF5hPas4-00568-00393125-00393225": "know.", "bMeoF5hPas4-00569-00393225-00393325": "Brugger: Right. I brought my daughter in a couple times. I used to run tours in there", "bMeoF5hPas4-00570-00393325-00393425": "for a short amount of time, filling in for somebody when he was off sick. And so when", "bMeoF5hPas4-00571-00393425-00393525": "they would bring those bus tours in, I pulled her out of school like three times when she", "bMeoF5hPas4-00572-00393525-00393625": "was younger and took her in and as part of the tour so she got to see pretty many good", "bMeoF5hPas4-00573-00393625-00393725": "things. And she always said, “oh my god.” I said, “you'd be surprised. You're a very", "bMeoF5hPas4-00574-00393725-00393825": "strong-willed person. It isn't as bad as you think it is once you learn the job and that's", "bMeoF5hPas4-00575-00393825-00393925": "with any job you take and will do.” And I think it was a good experience for her and", "bMeoF5hPas4-00576-00393925-00394025": "for all the families that came in.", "bMeoF5hPas4-00577-00394025-00394125": "Schennum: Yeah, well, thank you so much, Honi and Kathy. And I think that's like a really", "bMeoF5hPas4-00578-00394125-00394225": "fantastic point that you make also about just women working in non-traditional jobs being", "bMeoF5hPas4-00579-00394225-00394325": "a role model to their daughters, quite frankly, is that sort of a nice note to end on. I think", "bMeoF5hPas4-00580-00394325-00394425": "we have to wrap it up. But I really want to thank both of you for participating in this", "bMeoF5hPas4-00581-00394425-00394525": "and sharing your experiences.", "bMeoF5hPas4-00582-00394525-00394625": "Gelles: And thank you, Julia, as well for sharing the archives there at Lehigh. And", "bMeoF5hPas4-00583-00394625-00394725": "if any of you have questions about the outdoor exhibit that we have or the long-term exhibit", "bMeoF5hPas4-00584-00394725-00394825": "that's going up please do let me know. Thanks again for joining and if you want to look", "bMeoF5hPas4-00585-00394825-00394827": "on YouTube tomorrow the link should be liv. All right, thanks, everyone."}}, {"audio_id": "bMHb8_68du0", "text": {"bMHb8_68du0-00000-00000000-00000300": "The painting is a mirror image", "bMHb8_68du0-00001-00000300-00000500": "of a scrap history that the painter shaw.", "bMHb8_68du0-00002-00000600-00000700": "This is my motto,", "bMHb8_68du0-00003-00000700-00000900": "which I the autor of", "bMHb8_68du0-00004-00000900-00001000": "and which I completely agree.", "bMHb8_68du0-00005-00001100-00001300": "I greet you my fans", "bMHb8_68du0-00006-00001300-00001452": "of my chanel countess painting", "bMHb8_68du0-00007-00001500-00001800": "and I invite you to watch the new episode", "bMHb8_68du0-00008-00001800-00001993": "of the series Figurative Painting", "bMHb8_68du0-00009-00001993-00002193": "with countess painting!", "bMHb8_68du0-00010-00002200-00002393": "Today you will see", "bMHb8_68du0-00011-00002393-00002593": "the next step of the creation", "bMHb8_68du0-00012-00002593-00002743": "of the painting Peacocks Erudition.", "bMHb8_68du0-00013-00002743-00002843": "At this stage of painting", "bMHb8_68du0-00014-00002843-00002993": "with primery white", "bMHb8_68du0-00015-00002993-00003293": "I paint nose and forehead of figure.", "bMHb8_68du0-00016-00003493-00003693": "I remow excess oil color Prussian Blue.", "bMHb8_68du0-00017-00003700-00003800": "Now I also darken", "bMHb8_68du0-00018-00003800-00004000": "the outer and the end face with Prussian Blue,", "bMHb8_68du0-00019-00004093-00004236": "so that the shadow is created.", "bMHb8_68du0-00020-00004236-00004420": "The ege of the figure's forehead,", "bMHb8_68du0-00021-00004721-00004893": "I paint which Prussian Blue.", "bMHb8_68du0-00022-00004893-00004943": "so further away from me.", "bMHb8_68du0-00023-00004943-00005043": "Here I used my knowlege", "bMHb8_68du0-00024-00005043-00005243": "of the relationships", "bMHb8_68du0-00025-00005243-00005493": "Now it was the turn of the right shoulder", "bMHb8_68du0-00026-00005493-00005693": "Here I paint with burnt Sienna burnt.", "bMHb8_68du0-00027-00005693-00006093": "Please remember how Sienna burnt", "bMHb8_68du0-00028-00006093-00006293": "changes her tone:", "bMHb8_68du0-00029-00006293-00006493": "Darkening of the Sienna varies", "bMHb8_68du0-00030-00006493-00006693": "depending on the darkering of the color", "bMHb8_68du0-00031-00006693-00006843": "of the base.", "bMHb8_68du0-00032-00006893-00007093": "Here from bottle green to black.", "bMHb8_68du0-00033-00007093-00007293": "and Sienna has its own color", "bMHb8_68du0-00034-00007293-00007493": "See here -", "bMHb8_68du0-00035-00007483-00007683": "Thank this I can", "bMHb8_68du0-00036-00007493-00007693": "on the undersite of the forearm", "bMHb8_68du0-00037-00007683-00007893": "easili mark", "bMHb8_68du0-00038-00007893-00007993": "light and dark surfaces.", "bMHb8_68du0-00039-00007993-00008193": "I use paint pinsel No 4.", "bMHb8_68du0-00040-00008693-00008893": "the base is light", "bMHb8_68du0-00041-00010493-00010890": "Here, of the bright ground of the forearm", "bMHb8_68du0-00042-00010890-00011263": "Sienna burnt retains its natural shade", "bMHb8_68du0-00043-00014283-00014533": "I model my hands by painting with Prussian Blue", "bMHb8_68du0-00044-00015033-00015253": "Here Siena helps me to get", "bMHb8_68du0-00045-00015253-00015653": "the tirth dimension of the hand", "bMHb8_68du0-00046-00016153-00016553": "This is the right side of the figure:", "bMHb8_68du0-00047-00016553-00016953": "the linie of the back, waist and hips.", "bMHb8_68du0-00048-00016953-00017253": "As you can see here,", "bMHb8_68du0-00049-00017253-00017653": "I often mix colors direktly on the canvas", "bMHb8_68du0-00050-00019053-00019353": "Modeling the left cals is very simple", "bMHb8_68du0-00051-00019353-00019833": "Here I use Siena and brush No 4", "bMHb8_68du0-00052-00020033-00020533": "Let's remember abouts gloves", "bMHb8_68du0-00053-00021037-00021303": "Pleace, here is the protagonist of", "bMHb8_68du0-00054-00021303-00021603": "of my painting", "bMHb8_68du0-00055-00021603-00021703": "of current stage of painting", "bMHb8_68du0-00056-00021733-00021933": "That's it for today.", "bMHb8_68du0-00057-00021933-00022283": "I say goodbay and invite you", "bMHb8_68du0-00058-00022283-00022383": "to the next episode Peacocs erudition!", "bMHb8_68du0-00059-00022383-00022483": "Where I will demonstrate", "bMHb8_68du0-00060-00022483-00022870": "the next stage of creating this painting", "bMHb8_68du0-00061-00022883-00023006": "this time enriched with", "bMHb8_68du0-00062-00023006-00023283": "new elements of the composition.", "bMHb8_68du0-00063-00023283-00023506": "I am asking for your comments,", "bMHb8_68du0-00064-00023506-00023606": "and I promis answer avery question", "bMHb8_68du0-00065-00023606-00023903": "related to the topic.", "bMHb8_68du0-00066-00023993-00024276": "See you soon, bye!"}}, {"audio_id": "bMZujZ3CGdU", "text": {"bMZujZ3CGdU-00000-00000030-00000159": "- I'm on the record saying that,", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00001-00000159-00000453": "\"I do not believe the state of Massachusetts, as a whole,", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00002-00000453-00000795": "is gonna see a housing crash with severe price corrections.\"", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00003-00000795-00000951": "I'm also on the record saying that,", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00004-00000951-00001344": "\"I do believe some towns in a market have more potential", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00005-00001344-00001575": "for a minor price correction than others.\"", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00006-00001575-00001776": "I've been repeatedly asked,", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00007-00001776-00002079": "\"Which towns in Massachusetts are the most likely to see", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00008-00002079-00002274": "some sort of pricing correction?\"", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00009-00002274-00002496": "And, well, because I didn't have any data,", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00010-00002496-00002814": "I was always reluctant to provide any answers.", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00011-00002814-00003012": "Well, that changes today.", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00012-00003012-00003198": "This is a data-driven analysis,", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00013-00003198-00003450": "no backhanded feelings helping drive", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00014-00003450-00003654": "up or down a specific market.", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00015-00003654-00003852": "And there were towns that I personally", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00016-00003852-00004104": "deep down feel like should be on this list,", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00017-00004104-00004260": "but the data says otherwise.", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00018-00004260-00004506": "So what specific data metrics did I look at?", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00019-00004506-00004815": "The first metric that I wanted to look at were the markets", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00020-00004815-00005175": "with the largest appreciation gauge since 2019.", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00021-00005175-00005511": "Now I disqualified any towns that had less than 50 sales,", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00022-00005511-00005742": "'cause I felt that wasn't enough sales data", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00023-00005742-00006015": "with one or two outliers being so easily able", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00024-00006015-00006246": "to skew the data in one way or the other.", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00025-00006246-00006540": "And it's my belief that the towns that had the largest gains", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00026-00006540-00006809": "would most likely be the ones to give it back.", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00027-00006809-00007031": "For example, the number one town on the list", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00028-00007031-00007331": "had seen a nearly 59% increase", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00029-00007331-00007593": "in the average sales price since 2019.", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00030-00007593-00007911": "That is nearly 15% per year.", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00031-00007911-00008109": "But the 20th town on the list", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00032-00008109-00008517": "had a little over 65% increase in sales prices.", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00033-00008517-00008673": "So what gives?", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00034-00008673-00008865": "Now I channeled my investment banking days", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00035-00008865-00008967": "when I traded mortgages", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00036-00008967-00009246": "to come up with these calculations and the list.", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00037-00009246-00009474": "When evaluating risk or the pool mortgages,", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00038-00009474-00009747": "we'd always look at certain obvious characteristics,", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00039-00009747-00009972": "like average down payment percentage,", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00040-00009972-00010338": "average FICO scores and asset concentration.", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00041-00010338-00010596": "But in another area of very specific importance", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00042-00010596-00010908": "was second homes and investment property concentration.", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00043-00010908-00011085": "We didn't wanna buy into pool mortgages", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00044-00011085-00011331": "with a high investor or second home concentration", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00045-00011331-00011709": "because these were considered more risky assets,", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00046-00011709-00012012": "and it makes sense when you take a moment to consider why.", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00047-00012012-00012315": "Let's imagine a person having their primary house,", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00048-00012315-00012471": "as well as a second home,", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00049-00012471-00012654": "and then they fall on hard times.", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00050-00012928-00013077": "You know, which one are they gonna try to keep?", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00051-00013077-00013329": "Which one are they gonna be more inclined to fight for?", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00052-00013329-00013491": "Not only keep it, make sure they stay", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00053-00013491-00013616": "current on their mortgage?", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00054-00013616-00013847": "Most likely it's their primary residence.", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00055-00013847-00014069": "And let's just say I own an investment property", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00056-00014069-00014205": "that's generating income,", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00057-00014205-00014541": "but was unemployed and couldn't pay my personal mortgage.", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00058-00014541-00014754": "What am I most likely to do?", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00059-00014754-00014940": "I would most likely take that income", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00060-00014940-00015044": "from my investment property", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00061-00015044-00015263": "to pay my primary resident mortgage", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00062-00015263-00015603": "to ensure that, well, that roof is kept over my kids' heads.", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00063-00015603-00015780": "This is why investment properties", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00064-00015780-00016158": "and second homes are considered to be more risky loans.", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00065-00016158-00016377": "And because they're considered to be riskier,", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00066-00016377-00016707": "that is also why their interest rates are higher.", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00067-00016707-00016944": "So knowing this, I knew that there needed", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00068-00016944-00017235": "to be some data layered on top of the high increase", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00069-00017235-00017391": "in average sales prices.", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00070-00017391-00017727": "I found data that gave a foreclosure risk, by county,", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00071-00017727-00018048": "based off of 2021 purchased mortgages", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00072-00018048-00018192": "that were quote unquote \"risky.\"", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00073-00018192-00018477": "These mortgages include homes that were FHA mortgages,", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00074-00018477-00018651": "investor and second homes.", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00075-00018651-00018966": "Now I layered this data and the home price data together", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00076-00018966-00019299": "and came up with this top 10 list of housing markets", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00077-00019299-00019611": "in Massachusetts that have the highest potential", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00078-00019611-00019827": "of a housing price correction in a market slow down.", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00079-00019827-00019962": "By the way, my name is Jeff Chubb", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00080-00019962-00020067": "with the Chubb Homes Team.", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00081-00020067-00020202": "Thinking about buying or selling a home?", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00082-00020202-00020535": "Then find my contact information in the description below.", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00083-00020535-00020853": "Athol, Massachusetts is the 10th most likely town", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00084-00020853-00020994": "to see a price correction.", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00085-00020994-00021348": "The average sale price in 2019 was $180,674,", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00086-00021630-00021924": "and grew over 66%", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00087-00021924-00022374": "to have an average sales price of $300,541", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00088-00022374-00022728": "year-to-date in 2022.", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00089-00022728-00022968": "On average, homeowners in Athol", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00090-00022968-00023385": "have seen nearly $120,000 increase", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00091-00023385-00023801": "in their house pricing with a yearly average of 16.6%.", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00092-00023943-00024231": "Now on August 31st, Athol had 17 houses", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00093-00024231-00024348": "currently on the market,", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00094-00024348-00024627": "which is the exact same number of houses on the market", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00095-00024627-00024921": "that they had on August 31st of 2021.", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00096-00024921-00025377": "The average listing price in 2021 was $294,000,", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00097-00025548-00025851": "or excuse me, it was $394,264,", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00098-00025851-00026277": "and that's compared to the 2022 price of $348,917.", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00099-00026499-00026748": "Harwich, Massachusetts comes in at number nine", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00100-00026748-00027063": "for the most likely town to see a pricing correction.", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00101-00027063-00027376": "The average sales price in 2019 was $627,886", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00102-00027570-00027978": "and grew 56% to an average sales price of $977,606.", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00103-00028206-00028706": "This is a $349,721 price gain", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00104-00028722-00029073": "in a matter of three years and eight months.", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00105-00029073-00029241": "And as of the end of August,", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00106-00029241-00029570": "there were 14 single-family homes for sale in Harwich", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00107-00029570-00030070": "for an average listing price of $2,081,492.", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00108-00030077-00030429": "And this is compared to August of 2021", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00109-00030429-00030729": "when there were also 14 houses on the market", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00110-00030729-00031149": "for an average asking price of $942,985.", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00111-00031374-00031743": "Now today's average might be a little bit of an outlier", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00112-00031743-00031964": "as there are currently two houses on the market", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00113-00031964-00032247": "in Harwich over $3 million,", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00114-00032247-00032517": "and there were no houses like this on the market", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00115-00032517-00032919": "back at the end of August of 2021.", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00116-00032919-00033099": "Now Mashpee, Massachusetts ranks", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00117-00033099-00033258": "as the eighth most likely town", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00118-00033258-00033483": "to see a pricing correction in Massachusetts.", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00119-00033483-00033885": "Mashpee saw a $340,252", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00120-00033885-00034332": "average home price appreciation from 2019 through 2022.", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00121-00034467-00034816": "The average sales price in 2019 was $606,915", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00122-00035148-00035643": "versus today's average sales price of $947,167.", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00123-00035844-00036344": "This represents a 56% increase in the average sales price", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00124-00036375-00036702": "or a little over 14% per year.", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00125-00036702-00036954": "There were 45 single-family homes on the market", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00126-00036954-00037200": "at the end of August of 2022", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00127-00037200-00037674": "versus the 33 on the market at the end of August of 2021.", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00128-00037803-00038257": "Now the average asking price in 2021 was $1,805,009", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00129-00038523-00038856": "versus the average asking price", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00130-00038856-00039084": "at the end of August in 2022", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00131-00039084-00039522": "being at $1,770,980.", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00132-00039522-00039735": "Falmouth, Massachusetts is the seventh", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00133-00039735-00039936": "most likely town to see its pricing go down", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00134-00039936-00040131": "in a real estate market slow down.", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00135-00040131-00040341": "In Falmouth, we have seen prices increase", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00136-00040341-00040767": "$345,677 since 2019,", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00137-00040884-00041223": "from $613,378", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00138-00041223-00041712": "to $959,055", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00139-00041712-00042108": "for the first eight months of 2022.", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00140-00042108-00042330": "Now this average price represents", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00141-00042330-00042750": "a little over a 14% per year increase", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00142-00042750-00042921": "in that average sales price.", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00143-00042921-00043155": "As of the end of August of 2022,", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00144-00043155-00043464": "there were 63 single-family homes on the market", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00145-00043464-00043964": "for an average listing price of $1,951,292", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00146-00043977-00044274": "compared to the 61 houses on the market", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00147-00044274-00044529": "at the end of August of 2021,", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00148-00044529-00044790": "with an average asking price of $1,928,204.", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00149-00045165-00045483": "Bourne, Massachusetts is the sixth most likely town", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00150-00045483-00045735": "to see a pricing correction in Massachusetts.", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00151-00045735-00046235": "Their average sales price of $456,449 in 2019", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00152-00046260-00046760": "grew to $722,941 in 2022.", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00153-00046893-00047262": "This is a 14.6% increase", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00154-00047262-00047703": "for nearly $267,000", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00155-00047703-00048093": "in a little over three years and eight months.", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00156-00048093-00048294": "There were 35 homes on the market", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00157-00048294-00048690": "for an average asking price of $867,000", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00158-00048690-00048960": "at the end of 2021", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00159-00048960-00049269": "versus the 39 that were on the market", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00160-00049269-00049527": "at the end of August of 2022,", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00161-00049527-00050004": "for an average asking price of $805,411.", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00162-00050004-00050322": "Harvard, Massachusetts ranks as the fifth most likely town", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00163-00050322-00050472": "to see a price decrease.", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00164-00050472-00050592": "Now the average sales price", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00165-00050592-00051042": "is $627,317 in 2019,", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00166-00051042-00051517": "grew to an astounding $1,076,645", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00167-00051517-00051832": "in the first eight months of 2022,", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00168-00051832-00052311": "for a 17.9% average yearly appreciation rate.", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00169-00052311-00052505": "Now this equates to an average gain", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00170-00052505-00053005": "of $449,328 per homeowner.", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00171-00053046-00053241": "There were 11 homes on the market", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00172-00053241-00053508": "at the end of August, 2022,", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00173-00053508-00054003": "for an average listing price of $1,335,536.", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00174-00054003-00054339": "This is compared to the six homes on the market", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00175-00054339-00054621": "at the end of August of 2021", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00176-00054621-00054969": "for an average listing price of $722,950.", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00177-00055278-00055647": "Now there are currently three homes for sale", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00178-00055647-00055914": "that are between two to $3 million,", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00179-00055914-00056232": "which is really making it for such a high increase", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00180-00056232-00056532": "in that average price currently on the market.", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00181-00056532-00056727": "And by the way, are you enjoying this video", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00182-00056727-00056922": "on the top 10 markets in Massachusetts", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00183-00056922-00057230": "that are most likely to see a housing price correction?", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00184-00057230-00057396": "Then please join your neighbors", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00185-00057396-00057627": "in hitting that like button and subscribe button,", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00186-00057627-00057840": "it lets me know that you like the content", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00187-00057840-00058182": "and to keep on creating Massachusetts market videos", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00188-00058182-00058554": "that, well, you find informative, and might just enjoy.", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00189-00058554-00058892": "Sandwich, Massachusetts finds its way on the list", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00190-00058892-00059136": "as the fourth most likely town", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00191-00059136-00059496": "to see home prices decrease in the upcoming downturn.", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00192-00059496-00059869": "Now, in 2019, the average sales price was $461,536", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00193-00060162-00060600": "and it increased $294,000", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00194-00060600-00060874": "for an average sale price of $755,546", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00195-00061179-00061413": "in the first eight years, or excuse me,", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00196-00061413-00061698": "first eight months of 2022.", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00197-00061698-00062049": "Now this represents nearly a 16% increase", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00198-00062049-00062388": "in home prices per year throughout that time period.", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00199-00062497-00062799": "There were 56 single-family houses on the market in Sandwich", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00200-00062799-00063090": "at the end of August of 2022,", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00201-00063090-00063372": "with an average asking price of $1,029,608.", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00202-00063521-00063817": "Now this is compared to the 43 houses on the market", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00203-00063817-00064119": "at the end of August of 2021,", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00204-00064119-00064437": "for an average asking price of $777,869.", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00205-00064833-00065079": "The huge increase in sales price averages", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00206-00065079-00065382": "is due to the three houses that are for sale", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00207-00065382-00065667": "in between the two and $3 million price range,", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00208-00065667-00065874": "as well as one house that's for sale", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00209-00065874-00066069": "between three to $4 million.", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00210-00066069-00066459": "Now, Orleans, Massachusetts is the third most likely town", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00211-00066459-00066717": "to see home prices decrease in Massachusetts.", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00212-00066717-00067068": "The average sales price in 2019 was $841,380,", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00213-00067326-00067534": "with prices increasing $552,165", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00214-00067878-00068018": "to $1,393,545", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00215-00068379-00068664": "in the first eight months of 2022.", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00216-00068664-00068823": "This is an average", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00217-00068823-00069234": "of 16.4% per year", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00218-00069234-00069534": "in home price appreciation for Orleans.", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00219-00069534-00069753": "We had 18 houses on the market", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00220-00069753-00070242": "for an average listing price of $2,666,522", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00221-00070242-00070422": "in August of 2022,", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00222-00070422-00070692": "and this is compared to the 18 houses", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00223-00070692-00071055": "that we had on the market at the end of August of 2021,", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00224-00071055-00071550": "for an average listing price of $2,958,000.", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00225-00071550-00071826": "The second most likely town to see a price correction", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00226-00071826-00072063": "in Massachusetts is Eastham, Massachusetts.", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00227-00072063-00072219": "Now the average sales price", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00228-00072219-00072719": "in Eastham was $583,166", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00229-00072732-00072927": "in 2019.", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00230-00072927-00073189": "Homeowners in Eastham saw an increase of $388,441", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00231-00073455-00073735": "for an average sales price of $971,607", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00232-00073977-00074349": "in the first eight months of 2022.", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00233-00074349-00074751": "This represents a 16.7%", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00234-00074751-00075006": "yearly average appreciation rate.", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00235-00075006-00075267": "Now, at the end of August in 2022,", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00236-00075267-00075486": "there were nine houses on the market", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00237-00075486-00075957": "for an average asking price of $971,111.", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00238-00075957-00076170": "This is compared to the 10 houses", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00239-00076170-00076539": "that were on the market at the end of August of 2021,", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00240-00076539-00077039": "for an average asking price of $939,290.", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00241-00077073-00077373": "And the number one Massachusetts housing market", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00242-00077373-00077622": "that is most likely to see a pricing correction", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00243-00077622-00077820": "is Chatham, Massachusetts.", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00244-00077820-00078196": "In 2019, the average sales price was $1,041,803.", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00245-00078399-00078714": "Chatham's average sales price would increase", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00246-00078714-00078916": "by an astounding $971,217", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00247-00079254-00079644": "to $2,013,020", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00248-00079644-00080049": "in the first eight months of 2022.", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00249-00080049-00080376": "This means that the average home price in Chatham", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00250-00080376-00080853": "increased by an average of 23.3%", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00251-00080853-00081141": "per year since 2019.", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00252-00081141-00081348": "There were 28 houses on the market", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00253-00081348-00081848": "for an average asking price of $2,962,178", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00254-00081858-00082209": "at the end of August of 2022.", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00255-00082209-00082551": "This is compared to the 23 houses on the market", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00256-00082551-00082881": "at the end of August in 2021", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00257-00082881-00083200": "that had an average asking price of $3,301,159.", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00258-00083457-00083562": "And there you have it,", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00259-00083562-00083913": "that is my top 10 list for housing markets in Massachusetts", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00260-00083913-00084216": "that if we were to see housing prices decline", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00261-00084216-00084546": "would be more likely, in my opinion, to see them.", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00262-00084546-00084807": "It's important to note that there are no guarantees, right?", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00263-00084807-00085077": "Just because this is what the data is saying right now", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00264-00085077-00085362": "does not mean that this is guaranteed in any way", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00265-00085362-00085551": "in the next 12 to 24 months.", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00266-00085551-00085842": "It's just data that's just pointing us down a road", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00267-00085842-00086040": "of higher likely possibilities.", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00268-00086040-00086160": "I think it's important to note", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00269-00086160-00086457": "that if we didn't layer the foreclosure risk data", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00270-00086457-00086802": "on the list with the appreciation gain data,", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00271-00086802-00087093": "then there are some other honorable mention towns", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00272-00087093-00087282": "that would make their way to the top 10 list.", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00273-00087282-00087498": "These towns, they include Cohasset,", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00274-00087498-00087849": "Newbury, Merrimac, as well as Orange, Massachusetts.", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00275-00087849-00088122": "I will say that I think there was an interesting trend", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00276-00088122-00088263": "to the data and the list.", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00277-00088263-00088515": "A lot of these towns are in areas that in the past", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00278-00088515-00088710": "would really be considered vacation towns.", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00279-00088710-00088884": "Heck, they really still are.", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00280-00088884-00089196": "But these towns definitely saw an uptick of year-round folks", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00281-00089196-00089421": "that enjoyed the change to virtual working.", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00282-00089421-00089682": "But what does the future hold with companies", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00283-00089682-00089934": "bringing back people to the workplace?", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00284-00089934-00090084": "I've noticed that people's opinion", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00285-00090084-00090378": "on whether businesses, and how many businesses,", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00286-00090378-00090696": "are gonna bring people back really vary widely.", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00287-00090696-00091047": "This all could be very interesting to watch play out.", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00288-00091047-00091302": "Because if Cape towns are affected negatively", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00289-00091302-00091509": "from people going back into the office,", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00290-00091509-00091812": "then that would mean that towns closer to Boston", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00291-00091812-00091977": "could be more positively affected.", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00292-00091977-00092322": "It's on COVID, it just keeps making our lives difficult.", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00293-00092322-00092478": "Do you have any questions or comments", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00294-00092478-00092772": "about this market data and the market conditions?", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00295-00092772-00093102": "Then throw them in this section and comment section below,", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00296-00093102-00093294": "we always love to hear from you.", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00297-00093294-00093642": "If you wanna talk about your own personal real estate needs,", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00298-00093642-00093771": "as well as your goals,", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00299-00093771-00094044": "then find my information in the description below as well,", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00300-00094044-00094323": "I always love talking about real estate.", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00301-00094323-00094530": "And if you found this video informative,", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00302-00094530-00094761": "then you may really, really, really like", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00303-00094761-00094953": "my weekly market update videos.", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00304-00094953-00095199": "In these videos, we go over the weekly listing,", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00305-00095199-00095418": "under agreements, and sold stats", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00306-00095418-00095682": "for single-family and condos in Massachusetts,", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00307-00095682-00096036": "while also talking about some of the big real estate news", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00308-00096036-00096282": "that's impacting our real estate market.", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00309-00096282-00096540": "And can you please do me a huge favor?", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00310-00096540-00096759": "Can you please hit that like and subscribe button?", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00311-00096759-00096912": "And if you could share this information", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00312-00096912-00097116": "with your friends and family members", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00313-00097116-00097308": "who are either thinking about making a move", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00314-00097308-00097506": "or just curious about the market,", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00315-00097506-00097749": "then I would be truly appreciative.", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00316-00097749-00097995": "Again, this is Jeff Chubb with the Chubb Homes Team,", "bMZujZ3CGdU-00317-00097995-00098109": "until next time."}}, {"audio_id": "bN0FjVv053M", "text": {"bN0FjVv053M-00000-00000090-00000304": "Hello and welcome.", "bN0FjVv053M-00001-00000304-00000847": "My name is Rainer Böhme and I teach information security and privacy at the Department of", "bN0FjVv053M-00002-00000847-00001413": "Computer Science of the University of Innsbruck in Austria.", "bN0FjVv053M-00003-00001413-00002196": "This week we will explore how security economics can help organizations to manage their information", "bN0FjVv053M-00004-00002196-00002296": "security.", "bN0FjVv053M-00005-00002296-00003119": "You might have observed that “managing” and “management” are overloaded terms.", "bN0FjVv053M-00006-00003119-00003828": "When we use them, we mean a systematic and goal-oriented approach towards designing social", "bN0FjVv053M-00007-00003828-00004067": "and technical systems.", "bN0FjVv053M-00008-00004067-00004882": "This typically includes tasks such as definition of goals, information gathering and analysis,", "bN0FjVv053M-00009-00004882-00005405": "decision making – that is choosing between alternatives – , as well as controlling", "bN0FjVv053M-00010-00005405-00005622": "the outcome.", "bN0FjVv053M-00011-00005622-00006216": "In order to “manage” something, you need some freedom of action; a set of alternatives", "bN0FjVv053M-00012-00006216-00006406": "to choose from.", "bN0FjVv053M-00013-00006406-00006952": "If all relevant actions were predefined, we’d speak of “implementation” rather than", "bN0FjVv053M-00014-00006952-00007223": "management.", "bN0FjVv053M-00015-00007223-00007670": "We take a top-down approach to security management in this block.", "bN0FjVv053M-00016-00007670-00008215": "This segment starts with high-level strategies and we’ll discuss how to implement them", "bN0FjVv053M-00017-00008215-00008873": "down to the level of operational security in the following segments.", "bN0FjVv053M-00018-00008873-00009167": "Also the term “strategy” has several meanings.", "bN0FjVv053M-00019-00009167-00009754": "In the management literature, it often refers to high-level and long-term plans with a substantial", "bN0FjVv053M-00020-00009754-00010029": "impact on the organizations’ success.", "bN0FjVv053M-00021-00010029-00010634": "In the context of game theory the term has a more specific meaning.", "bN0FjVv053M-00022-00010634-00011276": "An action is called “strategic” if it anticipates the reaction of counterparts with", "bN0FjVv053M-00023-00011276-00011979": "diverging interests who act in an equally rational and strategic way.", "bN0FjVv053M-00024-00011979-00012534": "Because many realistic attackers in cybersecurity scenarios are indeed strategic, game theory", "bN0FjVv053M-00025-00012534-00013140": "has become a popular analytical tool for studying the economics of information security.", "bN0FjVv053M-00026-00013140-00013770": "When we talk about management, we usually take the perspective of a single organization", "bN0FjVv053M-00027-00013770-00014209": "or perhaps of a single department within a larger organization.", "bN0FjVv053M-00028-00014209-00014693": "This differs in one important aspect from a global – or “policy” – perspective", "bN0FjVv053M-00029-00014693-00015343": "taken in other segments of this course: a manager’s objective is to maximize private", "bN0FjVv053M-00030-00015343-00015965": "benefit for his organization, rather than utility for an entire ecosystem or society", "bN0FjVv053M-00031-00015965-00016165": "at large.", "bN0FjVv053M-00032-00016165-00016537": "There is nothing wrong with taking this selfish perspective for a moment.", "bN0FjVv053M-00033-00016537-00017187": "It is primarily the responsibility of policy to create an environment where the sum of", "bN0FjVv053M-00034-00017187-00017957": "actions that result from private utility maximization supports a desirable social outcome.", "bN0FjVv053M-00035-00017957-00018256": "Now turning to cybersecurity.", "bN0FjVv053M-00036-00018256-00018885": "The action you choose as an organization largely depends on who you are.", "bN0FjVv053M-00037-00018885-00019392": "Therefore, we segment the various players in the commercial cybersecurity arena into", "bN0FjVv053M-00038-00019392-00020204": "four broad categories: security providers, security demanders, the security industry,", "bN0FjVv053M-00039-00020204-00020333": "and attackers.", "bN0FjVv053M-00040-00020333-00020915": "Indeed, building adversary models to study attacker motivations and strategies is an", "bN0FjVv053M-00041-00020915-00021501": "essential part of security economics just as research into attack technologies is part", "bN0FjVv053M-00042-00021501-00021808": "of security engineering.", "bN0FjVv053M-00043-00021808-00022121": "For now, let’s focus on the defender roles.", "bN0FjVv053M-00044-00022121-00022698": "We call the parties who are in the best position to shape the information security environment", "bN0FjVv053M-00045-00022698-00023009": "“security providers”.", "bN0FjVv053M-00046-00023009-00023360": "In simple terms, this is the IT industry.", "bN0FjVv053M-00047-00023360-00023929": "By contrast, “security demanders” are the parties who depend on the available information", "bN0FjVv053M-00048-00023929-00024197": "security environment.", "bN0FjVv053M-00049-00024197-00024534": "These are the IT industry’s customers.", "bN0FjVv053M-00050-00024534-00025056": "Here I have in mind businesses that deploy information technology to remain competitive", "bN0FjVv053M-00051-00025056-00025471": "rather than individual end-users.", "bN0FjVv053M-00052-00025471-00026137": "Security providers – think of Silicon Valley – are characterized by IT being their strategic", "bN0FjVv053M-00053-00026137-00026251": "capital.", "bN0FjVv053M-00054-00026251-00026808": "They make money by developing this technology further, often following an aggressive growth", "bN0FjVv053M-00055-00026808-00027008": "strategy.", "bN0FjVv053M-00056-00027008-00027612": "Security demanders – think of Wall Street or Michigan – make money in the mature markets", "bN0FjVv053M-00057-00027612-00028274": "of some conventional industry; and since the 1990s increasingly with the help of information", "bN0FjVv053M-00058-00028274-00028388": "technology.", "bN0FjVv053M-00059-00028388-00028962": "IT adoption boosts their efficiency so they can stay competitive.", "bN0FjVv053M-00060-00028962-00029522": "For security demanders, IT services have become a commodity – goods without qualitative", "bN0FjVv053M-00061-00029522-00029732": "differentiation.", "bN0FjVv053M-00062-00029732-00030283": "For example, most banks cannot expect competitive advantage from a strategic differentiation", "bN0FjVv053M-00063-00030283-00030950": "in IT use; everyone in the industry uses similar office communication and ERP systems – or", "bN0FjVv053M-00064-00030950-00031708": "as Nicolas Carr memorably wrote in 2003: “IT doesn’t matter”.", "bN0FjVv053M-00065-00031708-00032327": "What is important to understand these two roles better, is this: neither security providers", "bN0FjVv053M-00066-00032327-00032847": "nor security demanders have a core competence in security.", "bN0FjVv053M-00067-00032847-00033437": "Security is one of many issues on their agenda, a fact that the “security industry” – our", "bN0FjVv053M-00068-00033437-00033863": "third segment – has learned to turn into a business.", "bN0FjVv053M-00069-00033863-00034706": "The security industry has built a core competence in selling security to customers in need.", "bN0FjVv053M-00070-00034706-00035155": "Security providers and demanders differ in their demands for the products and services", "bN0FjVv053M-00071-00035155-00035413": "offered by the security industry.", "bN0FjVv053M-00072-00035413-00036062": "The security strategy of security providers is primarily governed by the rules of information", "bN0FjVv053M-00073-00036062-00036512": "goods, exactly as Ross has explained earlier in this course.", "bN0FjVv053M-00074-00036512-00037158": "By contrast, the security investment decisions of security demanders mainly depend on the", "bN0FjVv053M-00075-00037158-00037750": "budget allocation, which again depends on a combination of the senior management’s", "bN0FjVv053M-00076-00037750-00038469": "awareness and priorities as well as the security manager’s negotiation skills as he tries", "bN0FjVv053M-00077-00038469-00038880": "to create awareness and make a case.", "bN0FjVv053M-00078-00038880-00039453": "As a rule of thumb: security providers’ security decisions are business-driven whereas", "bN0FjVv053M-00079-00039453-00039990": "security demanders’ security decisions are budget-driven.", "bN0FjVv053M-00080-00039990-00040390": "What defines the security strategy for security providers?", "bN0FjVv053M-00081-00040390-00040965": "Recall that the economics of information goods create an environment with significant network", "bN0FjVv053M-00082-00040965-00041313": "externalities and economies of scale.", "bN0FjVv053M-00083-00041313-00041725": "The market rewards first-movers with monopoly rents.", "bN0FjVv053M-00084-00041725-00042359": "At the same time, all expenses for the development of a software product are sunk – not recoverable", "bN0FjVv053M-00085-00042359-00042719": "– if your competitor wins the race.", "bN0FjVv053M-00086-00042719-00043399": "So it is perfectly rational to “ship today and fix tomorrow”; and to concentrate development", "bN0FjVv053M-00087-00043399-00044077": "efforts on features visible to end users in order to increase the likelihood of fast adoption.", "bN0FjVv053M-00088-00044077-00044918": "Avoid adding security features in the short term because they cost you time, money, and", "bN0FjVv053M-00089-00044918-00045019": "functionality.", "bN0FjVv053M-00090-00045019-00045509": "With an eye on the long term, make sure that you maintain the option to retrofit security", "bN0FjVv053M-00091-00045509-00046309": "in case you get lucky and become so successful that bad security negatively affects your", "bN0FjVv053M-00092-00046309-00046409": "reputation.", "bN0FjVv053M-00093-00046409-00046961": "For example, Microsoft spent a fortune on recovering from the initial decision to strip", "bN0FjVv053M-00094-00046961-00047436": "Unix-style access control for single-user personal computers.", "bN0FjVv053M-00095-00047436-00048022": "This decision backfired when PCs got connected to the Internet and became multi-user machines", "bN0FjVv053M-00096-00048022-00048580": "once they started running software from multiple online sources.", "bN0FjVv053M-00097-00048580-00049005": "What defines the security strategy for security demanders?", "bN0FjVv053M-00098-00049005-00049499": "Here I am going to enumerate three reasons for adding what I call “real” security", "bN0FjVv053M-00099-00049499-00050040": "and one reason to add what I call “best-practice” security.", "bN0FjVv053M-00100-00050040-00050568": "Of course you’ve got to do something if a lack of security creates direct losses to", "bN0FjVv053M-00101-00050568-00050802": "your own business.", "bN0FjVv053M-00102-00050802-00051408": "This includes fraud prevention for e-commerce, defenses against denial-of-service attacks", "bN0FjVv053M-00103-00051408-00052061": "if you’ve become a victim, or if your insecurity threatens strategic partnerships, such as", "bN0FjVv053M-00104-00052061-00052713": "peering arrangements for service providers who do not properly police their network.", "bN0FjVv053M-00105-00052713-00053267": "In simple terms, you add security for your own business.", "bN0FjVv053M-00106-00053267-00053901": "The second reason to add real security is if a lack of security harms your customers", "bN0FjVv053M-00107-00053901-00054539": "to an extent that it generates indirect cost, for example through reputation loss and customer", "bN0FjVv053M-00108-00054539-00054804": "disaffection.", "bN0FjVv053M-00109-00054804-00055329": "The need for action is highest if you’re lagging behind your industry, or security", "bN0FjVv053M-00110-00055329-00055797": "incidents at your organization have become public.", "bN0FjVv053M-00111-00055797-00056139": "Also make sure that you communicate your improvements.", "bN0FjVv053M-00112-00056139-00056886": "In simple terms, reason two is when you add security for your customers.", "bN0FjVv053M-00113-00056886-00057395": "The third reason to add real security is less charitable.", "bN0FjVv053M-00114-00057395-00058030": "I’m talking of cases where security supports your business model, for example by amplifying", "bN0FjVv053M-00115-00058030-00058277": "customer lock-in.", "bN0FjVv053M-00116-00058277-00058989": "Digital rights management, intentional incompatibility and Ross’s earlier example of cryptography", "bN0FjVv053M-00117-00058989-00059299": "in printer cartridges belong to this category.", "bN0FjVv053M-00118-00059299-00060216": "For comparison, reason three is when you add security against your customers.", "bN0FjVv053M-00119-00060216-00060800": "In all three cases, your organization has an interest in that the security mechanisms", "bN0FjVv053M-00120-00060800-00061563": "are not only efficient – cheap – but also effective in thwarting the attacker’s intentions.", "bN0FjVv053M-00121-00061563-00061958": "But not all security investments are made for one of these reasons.", "bN0FjVv053M-00122-00061958-00062649": "A great share of security spending adds what I call “best-practice” security.", "bN0FjVv053M-00123-00062649-00063151": "These are controls acquired for the sake of being compliant with industry standards.", "bN0FjVv053M-00124-00063151-00063751": "Having them – regardless how effective they are – helps senior managers disclaim liability", "bN0FjVv053M-00125-00063751-00064042": "if something goes wrong.", "bN0FjVv053M-00126-00064042-00064661": "For us it is important to identify “best-practice” security, not in order to fight it, but to", "bN0FjVv053M-00127-00064661-00065080": "understand motivations and decisions in practice.", "bN0FjVv053M-00128-00065080-00065722": "Again, it is perfectly rational for organizations and their managers alike to invest in “best", "bN0FjVv053M-00129-00065722-00065882": "practice” security.", "bN0FjVv053M-00130-00065882-00066511": "You ought to point to policy if what the standards require is too far away from what is common", "bN0FjVv053M-00131-00066511-00066714": "sense or good for society."}}, {"audio_id": "bNp9t_yGzWo", "text": {"bNp9t_yGzWo-00000-00000712-00001201": "When you're done coding your page, I'm going to want you to go to the HTML outliner.", "bNp9t_yGzWo-00001-00001201-00001661": "I've give you a link to that in the course documents.", "bNp9t_yGzWo-00002-00001661-00002225": "And this is where you're going to go, and it's also in the book.", "bNp9t_yGzWo-00003-00002225-00003190": "You'll take your page, which you should have uploaded, copy, and paste the URL.", "bNp9t_yGzWo-00004-00003190-00003410": "The choose Outline this!", "bNp9t_yGzWo-00005-00003410-00003782": "And this is going to be my outline for my sample page.", "bNp9t_yGzWo-00006-00003782-00004294": "Now I tend to use Jing to take images off the screen.", "bNp9t_yGzWo-00007-00004294-00004431": "It's my favorite, it's free.", "bNp9t_yGzWo-00008-00004431-00005289": "But you can also use snipping tool in Windows, screen capture tool in the Mac.", "bNp9t_yGzWo-00009-00005289-00005580": "With Jing, which you can search for, it's J-I-N-G.", "bNp9t_yGzWo-00010-00005580-00005910": "It's free.", "bNp9t_yGzWo-00011-00005910-00006572": "You can just draw what you want, choose to save it by choosing Capture image, and I'm", "bNp9t_yGzWo-00012-00006572-00007244": "just going to name it \"outline\" and for right now I'm going to save this just to my desktop.", "bNp9t_yGzWo-00013-00007244-00008505": "Now, to embed it in Canvas you're going to go into your own, personal file.", "bNp9t_yGzWo-00014-00008505-00009384": "And you're going to go to Files, and I've got a few things here, I'm going to choose", "bNp9t_yGzWo-00015-00009384-00010211": "Add File, and I'm going to go into my Desktop, and choose my outline image.", "bNp9t_yGzWo-00016-00010211-00010435": "It comes in as P-N-G - png.", "bNp9t_yGzWo-00017-00010435-00011302": "I choose Open and that should add it in here.", "bNp9t_yGzWo-00018-00011302-00011402": "Here it is.", "bNp9t_yGzWo-00019-00011402-00011965": "Ok, so now I can go back to my course and right now that's Web Scripting.", "bNp9t_yGzWo-00020-00011965-00012675": "It's undergoing a name change, so you may be watching this when it is HTML & CSS, and", "bNp9t_yGzWo-00021-00012675-00013898": "then it going to be in the HTML Structure discussion, and I'm going to reply to it.", "bNp9t_yGzWo-00022-00013898-00014236": "Now you're going to need to talk a little bit about what you did.", "bNp9t_yGzWo-00023-00014236-00014752": "Put in your link, copy and paste your link in.", "bNp9t_yGzWo-00024-00014752-00015299": "And you can hit Enter, that makes it an actual link.", "bNp9t_yGzWo-00025-00015299-00016015": "And to insert your image, you'll click on your image here, find it from Canvas, your", "bNp9t_yGzWo-00026-00016015-00016115": "own personal files.", "bNp9t_yGzWo-00027-00016115-00016512": "You can see that other thing I've been working on is iPhone programming.", "bNp9t_yGzWo-00028-00016512-00017253": "Grab your image, and hit update.", "bNp9t_yGzWo-00029-00017253-00017976": "Now, if this is too big, it will let you just re-size it from the corner.", "bNp9t_yGzWo-00030-00017976-00018159": "So you can make it a little bit smaller.", "bNp9t_yGzWo-00031-00018159-00018501": "Please leave it at somewhat readable size.", "bNp9t_yGzWo-00032-00018501-00018637": "That looks good.", "bNp9t_yGzWo-00033-00018637-00018848": "Post reply.", "bNp9t_yGzWo-00034-00018848-00019475": "And then you'll have your link, and your image, and if you'd say a few sentences about it.", "bNp9t_yGzWo-00035-00019475-00019700": "Did you have any difficulties with this?", "bNp9t_yGzWo-00036-00019700-00019845": "What did you think of the outliner?", "bNp9t_yGzWo-00037-00019845-00019945": "Etc.", "bNp9t_yGzWo-00038-00019945-00020585": "So that's how you hand in the image of your outline in the discussion.", "bNp9t_yGzWo-00039-00020585-00020929": "And any time we're doing images that you hand in under discussion, this is the way I prefer", "bNp9t_yGzWo-00040-00020929-00020989": "to see it."}}, {"audio_id": "bNGw42Y0ody", "text": {"bNGw42Y0ody-00000-00000000-00000351": "🥴 oh God I am stacked ... 🐶", "bNGw42Y0ody-00001-00000382-00000549": "💪 💪 💪 uhhhhhh 🥴 🥴 🥴", "bNGw42Y0ody-00002-00000702-00000922": "what da heck.... 🥴🥴🥴🥴🥴", "bNGw42Y0ody-00003-00001093-00001207": "💪 oi oi ai let me try again ......", "bNGw42Y0ody-00004-00001334-00001454": "😤 oh Gosh .... tired ...🤪🙈💪💪💪", "bNGw42Y0ody-00006-00001686-00002102": "ah ah ah hh↓↓↓↓↓💣 😂 🤣🤣", "bNGw42Y0ody-00007-00002102-00002302": "Please subscribe my channel to see more of mi Life!! lol"}}, {"audio_id": "bNWbsi8YgzU", "text": {"bNWbsi8YgzU-00000-00000098-00000297": "That’s after I took off the mask.", "bNWbsi8YgzU-00001-00000297-00000318": "I think we’re leaving."}}, {"audio_id": "bNaSWfEufDo", "text": {"bNaSWfEufDo-00000-00000002-00000616": "Oh cancer in ain't but it's cheap cancer you can buy", "bNaSWfEufDo-00001-00000622-00000794": "not at all can", "bNaSWfEufDo-00002-00000794-00000844": "no one can stop me", "bNaSWfEufDo-00003-00000844-00000898": "I feel like the greatest", "bNaSWfEufDo-00004-00001314-00001382": "whats up yall", "bNaSWfEufDo-00005-00001458-00001530": "It's ya boi", "bNaSWfEufDo-00006-00001548-00001634": "swalthakind", "bNaSWfEufDo-00007-00003246-00003702": "Challenge action", "bNaSWfEufDo-00008-00018797-00019260": "thank you what is he doing", "bNaSWfEufDo-00009-00019260-00020452": "what is he wearing looks like the Opera off way", "bNaSWfEufDo-00010-00020951-00022194": "big-ass gun what would you do with those ears and he heard you talking to he", "bNaSWfEufDo-00011-00022194-00022889": "heard you wife okay his mom to leave them both no", "bNaSWfEufDo-00012-00022889-00023502": "actually this is a generational basic bitches of fuck niggas are true is what", "bNaSWfEufDo-00013-00023502-00023717": "you", "bNaSWfEufDo-00014-00024173-00030928": "you know did you authorize Nick in the back", "bNaSWfEufDo-00015-00034700-00038264": "no but that nigga ugly shit nigga look lost it in a bitch sorry so far", "bNaSWfEufDo-00016-00038264-00039066": "maybe I'll trick so but go in the comments if I'm trippin buddy that's", "bNaSWfEufDo-00017-00039066-00039497": "hard or not get on my ass we're gonna", "bNaSWfEufDo-00018-00039722-00040434": "miss you go boom add me on snapchat boom and if new and you come from the YouTube", "bNaSWfEufDo-00019-00040434-00041016": "community say some comment like and I'll snatch it to show up bitch", "bNaSWfEufDo-00020-00041016-00041507": "you know wherever you got you", "bNaSWfEufDo-00021-00055910-00056795": "maybe 16 big-ass guns - Memphis Tennessee that's what happens", "bNaSWfEufDo-00022-00056795-00057191": "you grew up on fucking kool-aid pickles", "bNaSWfEufDo-00023-00058160-00058644": "well they pickles are nice Memphis Tennessee is for white people you know", "bNaSWfEufDo-00024-00058644-00058997": "it's all good so you doing this thing", "bNaSWfEufDo-00025-00059237-00060000": "good but next time you gosh I'm gonna fire like that was bad that wasn't my", "bNaSWfEufDo-00026-00060000-00061124": "age and I gotta eat that's a bomb but shout-out to our sponsor think Jordan", "bNaSWfEufDo-00027-00061124-00062004": "Jordan Jordan yeah discount if you say they'll be in the description below and", "bNaSWfEufDo-00028-00062004-00062712": "that's cap remember y'all I did it to get your money out not your funny of", "bNaSWfEufDo-00029-00062712-00063447": "them stay tuned remember put a little Bell notifications if you don't miss it", "bNaSWfEufDo-00030-00063447-00063983": "show somebody some love you never know needed like share subscribe", "bNaSWfEufDo-00031-00063983-00065100": "anything you did a family say some nice"}}, {"audio_id": "bp3HXSPf_rA", "text": {"bp3HXSPf_rA-00000-00000000-00000400": "Welcome to Tavishee & Tanisstha's Art Gallery", "bp3HXSPf_rA-00001-00000643-00000843": "Happy Holi!!", "bp3HXSPf_rA-00002-00001090-00001490": "New Video Every Tuesday & Friday at 12:00p.m.", "bp3HXSPf_rA-00003-00001573-00001773": "Drawing Serena From Pokemon", "bp3HXSPf_rA-00004-00001910-00014110": "Wait for the end to see our more Pokemon Drawings", "bp3HXSPf_rA-00005-00014973-00015373": "Drawing is done", "bp3HXSPf_rA-00006-00015630-00015730": "Some Pokemon Drawings", "bp3HXSPf_rA-00007-00015767-00015936": "Squirtle", "bp3HXSPf_rA-00008-00015967-00016123": "Piplup", "bp3HXSPf_rA-00009-00016126-00016262": "Pichu", "bp3HXSPf_rA-00010-00016323-00016523": "Thanks For Watching", "bp3HXSPf_rA-00011-00016523-00016826": "Like This Video and Subscribe to My Channel"}}, {"audio_id": "bpjkn_bMBbI", "text": {"bpjkn_bMBbI-00000-00000015-00000537": "Welcome to the Web development master class at this point you've probably had an opportunity to look", "bpjkn_bMBbI-00001-00000537-00001044": "through the course outline and see this course covers an extensive amount of material.", "bpjkn_bMBbI-00002-00001048-00001238": "Don't let that overwhelm me.", "bpjkn_bMBbI-00003-00001243-00001747": "This course is designed to teach you just about every facet of the development process from beginning", "bpjkn_bMBbI-00004-00001747-00001848": "to end.", "bpjkn_bMBbI-00005-00001879-00002377": "Whether you're a beginner or a seasoned professional This course will broaden your knowledge and inspire", "bpjkn_bMBbI-00006-00002377-00002597": "you to create stunning web applications.", "bpjkn_bMBbI-00007-00002680-00003261": "Yes there are hundreds of books YouTube videos and articles on various aspects of web development freely", "bpjkn_bMBbI-00008-00003261-00003460": "available on the Internet.", "bpjkn_bMBbI-00009-00003463-00004006": "This can certainly help you gain some insights into the field but without putting it all into context", "bpjkn_bMBbI-00010-00004029-00004476": "it can be very confusing and frustrating especially if you're just starting out.", "bpjkn_bMBbI-00011-00004675-00004916": "That's why you'll find this course very useful.", "bpjkn_bMBbI-00012-00005008-00005575": "We start right from the basics essential concepts that are fundamental in your ability to progress as", "bpjkn_bMBbI-00013-00005575-00006184": "a web developer and create complex web applications that interact with thousands of users.", "bpjkn_bMBbI-00014-00006381-00006726": "First we'll start with an overview of how the Internet works.", "bpjkn_bMBbI-00015-00006726-00007100": "What happens behind the scenes when you type a web address into your web browser.", "bpjkn_bMBbI-00016-00007314-00007827": "From there we'll introduce the Web development process and give you a detailed rundown of exactly how", "bpjkn_bMBbI-00017-00007827-00008406": "we'll go from setting up our local testing environment to hosting a live production web application", "bpjkn_bMBbI-00018-00008442-00008637": "on a fully scalable cloud server", "bpjkn_bMBbI-00019-00008952-00009495": "then will really kick into high gear by diving into developing our own web applications with client", "bpjkn_bMBbI-00020-00009495-00010359": "side development languages such as HMO CSSA bootstrap javascript and J.A.G..", "bpjkn_bMBbI-00021-00010362-00011007": "Next we'll work with database integration and server side scripting languages such as HP Manusky Well", "bpjkn_bMBbI-00022-00011034-00011336": "SML and Ajax all combined.", "bpjkn_bMBbI-00023-00011337-00011838": "These are the latest web technologies and by the end of this course you'll be more than proficient with", "bpjkn_bMBbI-00024-00011838-00012297": "each one in the last module of this course.", "bpjkn_bMBbI-00025-00012300-00012840": "You'll employ all the skills you've acquired to build your own database driven responsive web sites", "bpjkn_bMBbI-00026-00012876-00013690": "with encrypted password authentication blogs validated contacts forums and much more easily gained enough", "bpjkn_bMBbI-00027-00013690-00014209": "knowledge in hands on experience to work as a web developer or even launch your own online business", "bpjkn_bMBbI-00028-00014215-00014847": "and start making money will be walking you through step by step while we create over 12 website projects", "bpjkn_bMBbI-00029-00014857-00015021": "in this comprehensive course.", "bpjkn_bMBbI-00030-00015219-00015716": "Please remember to download the assignment and resource files so you'll have the necessary files for", "bpjkn_bMBbI-00031-00015716-00015852": "each lecture.", "bpjkn_bMBbI-00032-00015852-00016353": "Also remember to complete the lecture quizzes and exams to ensure you have effectively learned the course", "bpjkn_bMBbI-00033-00016353-00016479": "material.", "bpjkn_bMBbI-00034-00016485-00016682": "We hope you enjoy your journey through the course."}}, {"audio_id": "bpHR80iDY2u", "text": {"bpHR80iDY2u-00000-00000000-00000200": "Guys, you probably heard", "bpHR80iDY2u-00001-00000200-00000528": "about Dubai EXPO 2020", "bpHR80iDY2u-00002-00002700-00002924": "Its uniqueness lies in the fact that it was scheduled for 2020,", "bpHR80iDY2u-00003-00002944-00003674": "but because of COVID it was postponed, and as a result it took place in 2021.", "bpHR80iDY2u-00004-00003692-00003900": "And when I arrived here in Dubai in April,", "bpHR80iDY2u-00005-00003920-00004140": "it had been closed for a few weeks.", "bpHR80iDY2u-00006-00004160-00004600": "But now I'm back in Dubai, it's December,", "bpHR80iDY2u-00007-00004620-00005024": "the exhibition has reopened.", "bpHR80iDY2u-00008-00005044-00005328": "More precisely, no matter how the exhibition opened,", "bpHR80iDY2u-00009-00005348-00005584": "but the territory of this EXPO opened.", "bpHR80iDY2u-00010-00005600-00005900": "In case you haven't been to EXPO 2020 Dubai,", "bpHR80iDY2u-00011-00005920-00006060": "In case you don't know what it is", "bpHR80iDY2u-00012-00006080-00006280": "If suddenly you wanted to visit or visited", "bpHR80iDY2u-00013-00006300-00006800": "then now there is just the opportunity to go there.", "bpHR80iDY2u-00014-00008428-00008520": "What to do there?", "bpHR80iDY2u-00015-00008540-00008720": "There is a large territory there", "bpHR80iDY2u-00016-00008740-00008790": "There is a large territory there", "bpHR80iDY2u-00017-00008800-00009064": "There were exhibition halls", "bpHR80iDY2u-00018-00009084-00009215": "All this is decorated", "bpHR80iDY2u-00019-00009215-00009700": "All sorts of different architectural objects, very cool by the way.", "bpHR80iDY2u-00020-00009720-00009900": "And now they have launched a Christmas market there", "bpHR80iDY2u-00021-00010100-00010352": "And now there will be a whole New Year's atmosphere,", "bpHR80iDY2u-00022-00010380-00010652": "a Christmas atmosphere there in the near future", "bpHR80iDY2u-00023-00010680-00010750": "There is also a Santa's house there now", "bpHR80iDY2u-00024-00010750-00011180": "There you can come to take a picture with Santa Claus, this is the first", "bpHR80iDY2u-00025-00011180-00011624": "Secondly, there you can write and send a letter to Santa Claus too", "bpHR80iDY2u-00026-00011640-00011760": "Tell him if you were a good boy", "bpHR80iDY2u-00027-00011760-00011900": "It's very cool for children there now,", "bpHR80iDY2u-00028-00011900-00012300": "this whole Christmas and New Year atmosphere.", "bpHR80iDY2u-00029-00013319-00013640": "What else can you do in this Arab winter city", "bpHR80iDY2u-00030-00013660-00014119": "with no snow in the city apart from visiting Santa's house and taking pictures?", "bpHR80iDY2u-00031-00014119-00014600": "In our case, by the way, a minute before we arrived and", "bpHR80iDY2u-00032-00014619-00014788": "we were already standing in line.", "bpHR80iDY2u-00033-00014788-00015188": "Santa Claus got up and said it was time for him to feed the deers, and left.", "bpHR80iDY2u-00034-00015188-00015388": "Well, it's okay, we went into his house,", "bpHR80iDY2u-00035-00015388-00015700": "looked at the toys, wrote our names,", "bpHR80iDY2u-00036-00015719-00016067": "went on to see what else you can do here.", "bpHR80iDY2u-00037-00016800-00017044": "These are the coolest buildings, we will go to this house,", "bpHR80iDY2u-00038-00017044-00017480": "This is the UAE Pavilion, we haven't been there, there were queues all the time.", "bpHR80iDY2u-00039-00017520-00018236": "And these three major pavilions are Sustainability, mobility and Opportunity.", "bpHR80iDY2u-00040-00019200-00019316": "There are a lot of children's and adult games here,", "bpHR80iDY2u-00041-00019416-00019516": "as at standard fairs.", "bpHR80iDY2u-00042-00019536-00020100": "There are various master classes where you can make gingerbread.", "bpHR80iDY2u-00043-00020140-00020432": "You can paint T-shirts, drink hot chocolate.", "bpHR80iDY2u-00044-00020432-00021064": "Here you can visit toy factories where teddy bears are made.", "bpHR80iDY2u-00045-00021064-00021216": "Now there are several zones on the territory", "bpHR80iDY2u-00046-00021216-00021588": "where various performances are held,", "bpHR80iDY2u-00047-00021608-00022088": "There are also huge screens on which the World Cup is being watched now.", "bpHR80iDY2u-00048-00022088-00022728": "And you can buy tickets that cost from 30 to 50 drachmas during our visit,", "bpHR80iDY2u-00049-00022728-00023032": "which I think is inexpensive.", "bpHR80iDY2u-00050-00023012-00023212": "And you can attend some performance.", "bpHR80iDY2u-00051-00025212-00025416": "Of the disadvantages, I 'll tell you right away", "bpHR80iDY2u-00052-00025440-00026000": "that in this territory, in my opinion, there are not enough cafes and restaurants", "bpHR80iDY2u-00053-00026020-00026576": "There were several food courts, but they didn't work.", "bpHR80iDY2u-00054-00026595-00026924": "Now there are also a number of pavilions on the territory", "bpHR80iDY2u-00055-00026924-00027189": "that relate to certain topics.", "bpHR80iDY2u-00056-00027189-00027476": "for example, you can visit a pavilion that will send you into space.", "bpHR80iDY2u-00057-00027476-00028020": "You will be able to move in time and space.", "bpHR80iDY2u-00058-00028020-00028220": "The following topics are touched upon and revealed in the pavilions", "bpHR80iDY2u-00059-00028220-00028568": "innovation, technology, energy,", "bpHR80iDY2u-00060-00028568-00028968": "culture, science, robotics, history.", "bpHR80iDY2u-00061-00028968-00029304": "water, life, how to preserve the environment in future.", "bpHR80iDY2u-00062-00029304-00029620": "And all this is beautiful and futuristic.", "bpHR80iDY2u-00063-00031120-00031292": "In general, the entrance to the EXPO is free,", "bpHR80iDY2u-00064-00031292-00031992": "and in general it is a large futuristic park.", "bpHR80iDY2u-00065-00031992-00032356": "But the entrance to individual pavilions costs 50 drachmas,", "bpHR80iDY2u-00066-00032356-00032504": "for children under 12 years of age admission is free.", "bpHR80iDY2u-00067-00032504-00033204": "But then there are various events, and there the price is on average from 30 to 50 drachmas."}}, {"audio_id": "bO2L0HT0yqY", "text": {"bO2L0HT0yqY-00000-00000000-00000297": "I have just deleted one of my videos."}}, {"audio_id": "bO3Aww3C0S8", "text": {"bO3Aww3C0S8-00000-00001359-00001493": ">> Okay.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00001-00001493-00002087": "So hello, everyone, and thank you for having me here.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00002-00002087-00002436": "My name is Saša Juric, and this is going to be a talk about high availability with", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00003-00002436-00002567": "Erlang.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00004-00002567-00003275": "And when I say Erlang, it's the language and machine.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00005-00003275-00003653": "So what I discuss is going to apply to any language that applies on this machine.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00006-00003653-00004075": "So Erlang the language itself as well as Elixir or Erlang.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00007-00004075-00004435": "Now, higher probability is a property of software.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00008-00004435-00004852": "And like any other properties, it sometimes makes sense, other times it doesn't, maybe", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00009-00004852-00004988": "it's even counterproductive.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00010-00004988-00005446": "So when I first describe the software where we can benefit from this property.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00011-00005446-00005703": "And I call such software a software system.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00012-00005703-00005864": "Which is, you know, like a vague term.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00013-00005864-00006075": "It being mean different things to different people.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00014-00006075-00006537": "But for the purpose of this talk what I consider a software system is a piece of software which", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00015-00006537-00006794": "first and foremost runs in production.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00016-00006794-00007254": "So I'm putting aside any kind of one off experiments, prototypes, discolorations, it's a production", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00017-00007254-00007367": "grade software.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00018-00007367-00007808": "And once you put it in production, it has to long for a long period of time.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00019-00007808-00008214": "Possibly years even decades, and it has to operate continuously.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00020-00008214-00008494": "So think Web servers; right?", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00021-00008494-00008622": "They're like poster child examples.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00022-00008622-00009064": "You deploy them on the first day and people can use them any time of the day any day of", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00023-00009064-00009191": "the year for many years.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00024-00009191-00009390": "So they have to work continuously.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00025-00009390-00009630": "And they also need to do many different recalling.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00026-00009630-00010236": "Many tasks or jobs or activities in the system continuously but at any point in time, maybe", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00027-00010236-00010531": "your request or my request, are those two different things.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00028-00010531-00011056": "Maybe you need to manage some cache, states, run background jobs, talk to other services.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00029-00011056-00011488": "Or every single thing we need to provide a part of the service is an activity in the", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00030-00011488-00011588": "system.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00031-00011588-00011717": "And we need to do many different types of activities.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00032-00011717-00011897": "And most are unrelated.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00033-00011897-00012475": "I pick any box out of the bunch and maybe hello typical have a couple of dependencies.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00034-00012475-00012770": "And even these dependencies are not permanent.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00035-00012770-00013231": "They happen at some particular time point from time to time these boxes work together", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00036-00013231-00013457": "so they can provide some part of the service.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00037-00013457-00013666": "But for the most part, these things are unrelated.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00038-00013666-00013950": "And that's kind of what I consider to be a software system.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00039-00013950-00014495": "So as I said, any kind of Web regardless of the business domain scale or complexity is", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00040-00014495-00014970": "a software system for such arbitrary vague informal definition.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00041-00014970-00015357": "It has to work continuously, and it has to do many different things, most of which are", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00042-00015357-00015457": "unrelated.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00043-00015457-00015825": "Now, can ideally in such a piece of software, everything will work.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00044-00015825-00016040": "Every single task will succeed.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00045-00016040-00016489": "You make your request and chances are 100% you will get your response within a reasonable", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00046-00016489-00016589": "time.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00047-00016589-00016689": "Which is obviously an illusion; right?", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00048-00016689-00016929": "We cannot expect this to happen.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00049-00016929-00017540": "Things go wrong and the system runs for a long time.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00050-00017540-00017792": "We as humans will write bugs, we'll make mistakes.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00051-00017792-00018553": "Even if we can write the perfect software, it runs on hardware and we have external dependencies", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00052-00018553-00019020": "and those things can fail on their own.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00053-00019020-00019184": "They're out of our control.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00054-00019184-00019509": "Maybe networking fails between them, it's unreliable always.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00055-00019509-00019750": "So things go wrong and something will go wrong.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00056-00019750-00019876": "We need to accept that fact.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00057-00019876-00020326": "So the next best thing of course is to improve our chances of succeeding.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00058-00020326-00020526": "Somehow professionally work towards the goal.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00059-00020526-00021015": "So, like, when you make a request, chances are not 100%, but they're very high -- it", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00060-00021015-00021115": "will work for you.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00061-00021115-00021469": "And even if it fails for you, the chances are still very high at that same time appointment,", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00062-00021469-00021693": "it will work for most of everyone else.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00063-00021693-00021793": "Maybe for everyone else.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00064-00021793-00022081": "And this is kind of loosely speaking of availability.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00065-00022081-00022466": "We kind of keep an illusion for most people that the system is working flawlessly and", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00066-00022466-00023005": "maybe for some other, they see a glitch here or there but really this is an essential property", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00067-00023005-00023105": "in the system.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00068-00023105-00023810": "If a software can benefit from availability, it needs availability because the only alternative", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00069-00023810-00024140": "here is that it fails a lot.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00070-00024140-00024320": "It's frequently failing software.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00071-00024320-00024867": "And if you have such piece of software, then basically end users will be unhappy, and they", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00072-00024867-00025195": "will look for alternatives and the system ceases to exist.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00073-00025195-00025754": "So it can only be used for some criteria, which of course you need to carefully and", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00074-00025754-00025926": "properly choose.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00075-00025926-00026493": "Now, this is not an easy challenge, and how can we get this challenge?", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00076-00026493-00026694": "How do we improve our chances?", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00077-00026694-00027272": "So trying to profit from the property that we are running many different mostly unrelated", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00078-00027272-00027833": "things, we can try to isolate failures of individual things like single little yellow", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00079-00027833-00027933": "box fails.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00080-00027933-00028056": "Maybe it doesn't have a lot of dependencies.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00081-00028056-00028450": "So most of the rest can keep going on and provide most of our service.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00082-00028450-00028858": "This is what I like to call mitigation or isolation of failure effects.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00083-00028858-00029253": "And this failing box of course, it might be some kind of permanent service in the system,", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00084-00029253-00029502": "a piece of software that needs to run continuously.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00085-00029502-00029668": "So obviously we need to bring it back up online.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00086-00029668-00030156": "We need a self healing system that can restore the full service as soon as possible.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00087-00030156-00030466": "Otherwise, we will basically lose our system piece by piece.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00088-00030466-00030566": "It will slowly be decaying.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00089-00030566-00031099": "So those who things, in my opinion, comprise full property.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00090-00031099-00031533": "And it goes without saying that we need to send our response or execute this task within", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00091-00031533-00031918": "some reasonable time, whatever that means of course from case to case.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00092-00031918-00032438": "But if somehow I don't know milliseconds turn into minutes or maybe days, you know, technically", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00093-00032438-00032816": "we could argue that the system is forking all intents and purposes, it's useless.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00094-00032816-00033290": "It's worse than useless and the results are not used.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00095-00033290-00033624": "And we need scalability.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00096-00033624-00034099": "Hopefully when we put into production, it will become more used, people will be more", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00097-00034099-00034724": "attracted, and we will reach the maximum capacity of current hardware and obviously want to", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00098-00034724-00035253": "address this quickly by adding additional hardware and take advantage of it immediately", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00099-00035253-00035540": "with others single line of code.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00100-00035540-00036155": "And this are most important properties, in my opinion, which can improve our availability.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00101-00036155-00036275": "It's not binary of course.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00102-00036275-00036806": "But the more we strive for each individual properties, we can improve our chances for", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00103-00036806-00036906": "success.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00104-00036906-00037184": "And Erlang is a technology particularly made for this challenge.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00105-00037184-00037663": "But that's the reason why we have Erlang and this is the problem it has been solving for", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00106-00037663-00038078": "some 20 to 25 years.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00107-00038078-00038490": "Many different domains, the technology has really improven itself over time.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00108-00038490-00038875": "It's really well tested and has been of course in the pro se have process of continuously", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00109-00038875-00039097": "improved and evolved.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00110-00039097-00039550": "And it's also the only technology to my knowledge which tackles the challenge at the run time", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00111-00039550-00039650": "level.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00112-00039650-00040125": "The very foundational level of the software, making some guarantees and providing some", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00113-00040125-00040654": "tools and making some tradeoffs, particularly well suited for software systems.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00114-00040654-00041242": "So that is the reason why personally I consider Erlang as the default choice for any kind", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00115-00041242-00041646": "of software system, which also includes any kind of server.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00116-00041646-00042319": "It's the first thing that we look for because it's the tool made particularly for that job.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00117-00042319-00042645": "And I want to make it perfectly clear that it does not happen by magic; right?", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00118-00042645-00043191": "So it's not like you're writing your software in Erlang or Elixir, and they somehow become", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00119-00043191-00043291": "available.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00120-00043291-00043514": "I mean to some extent but not really the full extent.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00121-00043514-00043627": "So you need to work for that.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00122-00043627-00044199": "And what Erlang really gives you are a set of very simple tools, very low level lightweight", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00123-00044199-00044808": "tools but strong guarantees you can work towards a goal in a predictable system.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00124-00044808-00045015": "It's kind of straight forward.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00125-00045015-00045516": "So everything, revolve around Concurrency model in Erlang.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00126-00045516-00046022": "And it has its own implementation of Concurrency.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00127-00046022-00046565": "Concurrent entity is Erlang process, which is not a process, it's a lighter thing.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00128-00046565-00046993": "You create the single process within a couple of microseconds, and it requires about two", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00129-00046993-00047143": "kilobytes of memory.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00130-00047143-00047568": "And then of course it may grow if it needs more.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00131-00047568-00047888": "And you can really create these things in abundance and piles.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00132-00047888-00048424": "Like hundreds billions is a hard limit on a single instance of Erlang VM.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00133-00048424-00048633": "So you can really run a lot of these things.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00134-00048633-00048797": "And a process is computational thing.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00135-00048797-00049036": "It's a sequence of expressions.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00136-00049036-00049649": "So every piece of code in Erlang or Elixir runs in one process, and one process can create", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00137-00049649-00049749": "additional process.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00138-00049749-00049959": "So you have your typical code.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00139-00049959-00050375": "Full top to bottom bunch of expressions and somewhere in there you can start -- you can", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00140-00050375-00050579": "spawn another process.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00141-00050579-00051224": "And this function, at best some lambda and this creates a separate process, lambda runs", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00142-00051224-00051387": "concurrently to me.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00143-00051387-00051487": "Possibly even parallel.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00144-00051487-00051860": "As soon as this process is started, I can move on, do some other stuff.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00145-00051860-00052146": "And of course when the lambda is done, that process terminates.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00146-00052146-00052380": "It's a pretty straight forward thing.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00147-00052380-00052645": "And these processes are completely separated.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00148-00052645-00053150": "Really for me, Erlang completely synonymous to the word separation.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00149-00053150-00053327": "Two separate things.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00150-00053327-00053825": "They born separately, live separately, have their own separation execution parts, terminate", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00151-00053825-00054071": "at their own convenience, and share nothing.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00152-00054071-00054214": "There's no shared memory.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00153-00054214-00054400": "Really separate things.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00154-00054400-00054760": "This is very important from the standpoint of software systems.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00155-00054760-00054898": "And of course it's a system; right?", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00156-00054898-00055119": "So it cannot be like everything for itself.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00157-00055119-00055354": "Some of these things need to work together to operate.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00158-00055354-00055746": "And building in Erlang, we use the cooperation.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00159-00055746-00056217": "They can send themselves messages, arbitrary piece of data.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00160-00056217-00056760": "Like, whatever term you can conduct, integers, maybe a key list of value pairs or whatever.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00161-00056760-00057332": "And to send a message, send a process needs to have the address of the receiver.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00162-00057332-00057791": "This is the pid, process ID.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00163-00057791-00058322": "So somehow obtain this pid, shape your message, you send it by invoking the function, and", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00164-00058322-00058764": "then the sender can do whatever it wants -- needs to do.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00165-00058764-00059290": "The content of the message is copied in memory, usually it's full copy with some exceptions.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00166-00059290-00059582": "This copy is placed in the mailbox of the receiver.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00167-00059582-00059958": "And the receiver is not interrupted in any way.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00168-00059958-00060300": "So it's a sequential program, it's busy doing something else.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00169-00060300-00060783": "When it has time, it pulls one message from the mailbox, using this receive construct.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00170-00060783-00061100": "Usually it's going to be, like, the oldest one.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00171-00061100-00061266": "And it does something with a message.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00172-00061266-00061366": "It processes it.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00173-00061366-00061502": "It handles it.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00174-00061502-00061870": "And if there is no message of course receive will walk until a message arrives or some", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00175-00061870-00062033": "specified amount of time occurs.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00176-00062033-00062367": "So this is just without networking.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00177-00062367-00063012": "I throw a message to you and you pick it up.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00178-00063012-00063787": "On top of response, basically program both parties, the sender sends a message and then", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00179-00063787-00063979": "immediately awaits a response.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00180-00063979-00064348": "And the receiver is programmed to take the message, do something with it, produce the", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00181-00064348-00064729": "response message, and send it back to the sender.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00182-00064729-00065120": "So that's kind of like a request response tile, again, without networking.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00183-00065120-00065590": "And using these two communication patterns and spawn, we frequently build something called", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00184-00065590-00065822": "server processes, which are very important.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00185-00065822-00066263": "In my experience most frequently built ones in Erlang or Elixir.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00186-00066263-00066483": "So this is kind of like a low level sketch.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00187-00066483-00066816": "We have some high level abstractions but the idea is very simple.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00188-00066816-00067476": "A server process is like a single threaded server with some states that change over time.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00189-00067476-00068001": "So what I do is I spawn a process and in this process I'm looping for a long time.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00190-00068001-00068190": "Maybe as long as the system is running.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00191-00068190-00068345": "And I enter the loop with some state.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00192-00068345-00069511": "Which, again, is arbitrary piece of data that I need.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00193-00069511-00069705": "I'm awaiting a message.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00194-00069705-00069805": "It's a server; right?", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00195-00069805-00070015": "It's a responsive thing.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00196-00070015-00070241": "So message has to arrive to make it do something.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00197-00070241-00070734": "And when a message arrives based on the current state and the message content, I will do something.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00198-00070734-00071193": "I will have some kind of switch case like branching-like construct.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00199-00071193-00071587": "Maybe I will do some computation, I will fetch some stuff from the database or store some", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00200-00071587-00071951": "stuff to the database, maybe I will talk to different processes in the system.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00201-00071951-00072242": "Maybe I will send the response back to the caller.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00202-00072242-00072684": "And ultimately I need to decide what's my next state.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00203-00072684-00073001": "Resume the loop with the next state and repeat.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00204-00073001-00073206": "So the next message operates on the next state.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00205-00073206-00073306": "Single threaded server.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00206-00073306-00073662": "Either handles the message or awaits the message.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00207-00073662-00074146": "To make it a bit concrete so I can have, for example, a single server process responsible", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00208-00074146-00074296": "for single bank account.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00209-00074296-00074786": "And at the very least, the state will be hope, money.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00210-00074786-00075298": "And I input the server process to handle particularly well to handle messages such as withdrawal", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00211-00075298-00075551": "or deposit or maybe balance message.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00212-00075551-00076006": "In the case of the balance I will send the amount back to the caller.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00213-00076006-00076455": "And then we have a bunch of these client processes from this perspective.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00214-00076455-00076978": "So they can be HTTP can request handlers from some background processing jobs.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00215-00076978-00077430": "And they can use these messages to interact with this particular bank account.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00216-00077430-00077844": "And they can even send their messages at the same appointment and still messages will be", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00217-00077844-00078100": "handled one by one in order of rival.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00218-00078100-00078431": "Because server process like any other process is a sequential thing.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00219-00078431-00079461": "And in this way the point of synchronization for and ensuring the inconsistency and integrity", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00220-00079461-00079585": "of its own state.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00221-00079585-00079878": "And of course it goes without saying that if you have a bunch of these bank accounts", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00222-00079878-00080326": "and server processes for them, then we can handle them concurrently maybe even in parallel.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00223-00080326-00080603": "So this is how we deal, reason in Concurrency.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00224-00080603-00081397": "Erlang or Elixir for that matter, it's a much saner approach for vast majority of situations.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00225-00081397-00081737": "It's easier to manage, and it's easier to grasp.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00226-00081737-00082281": "And precisely because concurrency is fairly easy, manageable, and because it's cheap,", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00227-00082281-00082423": "we use it a lot in Erlang.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00228-00082423-00082736": "We write highly concurrent systems.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00229-00082736-00083218": "Very vague ideas whatever I can somehow label as a distinct activity, a logical activity,", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00230-00083218-00083794": "a system should be usually powered by at least one separate dedicated Erlang process.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00231-00083794-00084347": "And frequently there's space for more further subdivisions for some lower level technical", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00232-00084347-00084447": "reasons.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00233-00084447-00084936": "So, for example, when I'm handling requests in event server, each request will be handled", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00234-00084936-00085057": "in own separate process.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00235-00085057-00085686": "Like, I make an HTTP request, and the computation, the handling of my request happens there.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00236-00085686-00086075": "The responses shaped there, sent back to me and then the distinct on the server.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00237-00086075-00086526": "And if I want to handle some server wide states like things that outlive beyond the scope", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00238-00086526-00087288": "of the single request handler like server wide cache, user data, from games, states,", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00239-00087288-00087784": "for individual games, I will have server processes for each type of data, which I want to manage", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00240-00087784-00088281": "and then these request handlers can use messages to interact with those things to make -- to", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00241-00088281-00088727": "fetch some state or maybe make a change some parts of their state.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00242-00088727-00089491": "And if I want to do some background jobs, like, maybe periodic stuff, or maybe some", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00243-00089491-00089811": "long processing jobs, I will have separate process for each of these things.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00244-00089811-00090231": "If I want to talk to the database, I will have a pool of connection processes.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00245-00090231-00090724": "So single process, single connection process holds the socket to the database server and", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00246-00090724-00091226": "thus it ensures on this particular connection there can be at least one QUERY running at", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00247-00091226-00091359": "one appointment.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00248-00091359-00091943": "And hopefully run some things in parallel.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00249-00091943-00092113": "That's just the tip of the iceberg.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00250-00092113-00092543": "There's a lot of space for condition currency to be exploit in the space in Erlang.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00251-00092543-00092995": "We write how the concurrent systems like in my experience smaller systems might go for", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00252-00092995-00093359": "a few hundred or maybe a few thousands of these things at big times.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00253-00093359-00093807": "Medium or large, tens or hundreds of thousands, sometimes even millions of process at some", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00254-00093807-00093907": "appointment.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00255-00093907-00094007": "A lot of Concurrency.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00256-00094007-00094162": "This is the important part.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00257-00094162-00094551": "And because Concurrency separation and because some other guarantees and tooling that we", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00258-00094551-00095043": "get with Erlang, we can get a lot of benefits with respect to availability and software", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00259-00095043-00095143": "systems.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00260-00095143-00095291": "So a little bit about run time.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00261-00095291-00095614": "When I start my concurrent system, what I'm really doing is start the single operating", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00262-00095614-00095953": "system process and just a handful of threads.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00263-00095953-00096343": "Most important those threads are scheduler threads.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00264-00096343-00096931": "And they are running -- we have default core, it's configurable.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00265-00096931-00097243": "And these threads are running our processes; right?", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00266-00097243-00097680": "So they're pumping the work and they're of course spreading the load amongst themselves,", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00267-00097680-00098087": "which is how we get multicore by default, and we're more efficient hopefully.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00268-00098087-00098387": "And this also makes the system vertically scalable; right?", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00269-00098387-00098919": "So if I'm maxing out on the current machine, I make the system on the bigger machine and", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00270-00098919-00099372": "the low will hopefully just spread, which is a natural consequence of the fact that", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00271-00099372-00099971": "I took a single big chunk of work and split it amongst smaller parts, mostly independent.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00272-00099971-00100356": "And then I give the opportunity to the virtual machine to spread that.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00273-00100356-00100790": "So that's vertical scalability, which is pretty nice property.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00274-00100790-00101226": "Also by doing this -- having these small chunks of work, I get a lot of benefits in false", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00275-00101226-00101326": "tolerance.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00276-00101326-00102122": "So what happens is a post.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00277-00102122-00102630": "Because there's no memory serving, the thing by default at least will not leave any inconsistent", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00278-00102630-00102986": "garbage for someone else to treat over it.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00279-00102986-00103748": "So you write your concurrent system, one of them fails, you still have 999 things running,", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00280-00103748-00104207": "which, again, I like to call mitigation of effects of failure.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00281-00104207-00104650": "So just split this big chunk of work in a very small pieces and then a failure of single", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00282-00104650-00104954": "pieces really not that dramatically.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00283-00104954-00105054": "Usually.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00284-00105054-00105703": "And also, a crash in a Erlang is not abrupt, but it's also not silent.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00285-00105703-00106121": "Meaning anyone in the system, any process can be notified by the crash of someone else.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00286-00106121-00106630": "So like a process, I can invoke some function and say to the VM, let me know if this other", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00287-00106630-00106770": "thing terminates.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00288-00106770-00107154": "And if that hands, I will get the message, just like any other.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00289-00107154-00107292": "And this message describes.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00290-00107292-00107644": "It says process full exterminated with a recent bar.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00291-00107644-00107846": "And I handle this message by doing something.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00292-00107846-00108260": "Maybe I will start another fool in the place of the previous one to resume the service.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00293-00108260-00108816": "Or maybe I will take the role myself or crash myself as well because maybe my work does", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00294-00108816-00109008": "not make sense anymore.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00295-00109008-00109207": "Or maybe I will send some notifications.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00296-00109207-00109426": "There are a bunch of patterns we can do.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00297-00109426-00109845": "And this allows us to approach a problem of self healing.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00298-00109845-00110225": "So on top of this simple guarantees, we have some obstructions available.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00299-00110225-00110526": "A part of the framework that ships directly with Erlang.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00300-00110526-00110875": "And one such is supervisor.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00301-00110875-00111365": "Which is implemented in really just builds on top of this simple but powerful guarantees,", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00302-00111365-00111745": "and you could implement it yourself, which is like a good exercise but of course for", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00303-00111745-00112192": "production you want to use the real thing because it handles a lot of cases.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00304-00112192-00112841": "Now, supervisor is a generic implementation of server process, which we can use to start", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00305-00112841-00112997": "other process in the system.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00306-00112997-00113284": "And usually we make this distinction like supervisor and the worker.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00307-00113284-00113570": "And the worker is a process doing the real work.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00308-00113570-00113685": "This is where the action's happening.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00309-00113685-00114128": "This is where you're handling requests and producing some service and the supervisor", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00310-00114128-00114616": "of course we can use to start those things, watch over them, and restart them if they", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00311-00114616-00114716": "fail.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00312-00114716-00115233": "So what happens is I start the supervisor, and I tell it start me this worker with these", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00313-00115233-00115502": "arguments, and this is what it will do.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00314-00115502-00115995": "And if -- it will also expect to be notified if a worker terminates.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00315-00115995-00116413": "And if that worker process terminates, a supervisor gets a message and handles it by starting", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00316-00116413-00116670": "another worker with the same set of arguments.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00317-00116670-00117121": "Thus ensuring that the service is restored fully resume and of course there's no sharing", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00318-00117121-00117444": "so the new worker starts with a clean, fresh, stable state.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00319-00117444-00117750": "Hopefully has better chances working for some time.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00320-00117750-00118105": "And also, we frequently build software provision trees.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00321-00118105-00118844": "Single process can watch all of our processes, and we kind of nest these things into supervision", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00322-00118844-00119123": "trees, this is like Erlang.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00323-00119123-00119689": "And this really brings us the chance of working with different things separately.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00324-00119689-00120216": "So these are all processes, so they run separately, and they can run possibly in parallel.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00325-00120216-00120617": "And you can as well have a situation when a single core or supervisor is recovering", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00326-00120617-00121017": "from single failure and maybe on another core you're providing the service and yet another", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00327-00121017-00121213": "core you're providing some different service.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00328-00121213-00121673": "And maybe on core number four, you have another supervisor recovering from another failure.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00329-00121673-00121837": "So deal with those things separately.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00330-00121837-00122433": "But this supervision, this error recovery is also an activity in a system itself.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00331-00122433-00122847": "Somewhat self induced but still a job we need to do and in Erlang we do this thing separately", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00332-00122847-00123005": "from producing the work.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00333-00123005-00123449": "And this also keeps the code of the worker process more focused on the real work they", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00334-00123449-00123549": "need to do; right?", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00335-00123549-00124224": "So they're not with this try catch everything do nothing paranoid construct.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00336-00124224-00124792": "Usually they walk down there and frequently even assert our expectations.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00337-00124792-00125671": "Try to fail fast and if our expectations not met, we rely on the layer to handle some unexpected", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00338-00125671-00125994": "failures.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00339-00125994-00126402": "And this is works really well in production.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00340-00126402-00126558": "Things fail from time to time.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00341-00126558-00126970": "And the crash happens, the supervisor catches it, the error is logged, you will see an error", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00342-00126970-00127163": "reason, and you will see a stack trace.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00343-00127163-00127344": "And the system keeps going, and it recovers.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00344-00127344-00127567": "And it will of course fail again; right?", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00345-00127567-00127859": "So this just keeps the system afloat when things go wrong.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00346-00127859-00128122": "It will of course fail in the same set of circumstances.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00347-00128122-00128767": "So we need to fix this thing until we do we have these failures repeatedly.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00348-00128767-00129630": "It cannot help fix a bug or remove the performance if that was the cause.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00349-00129630-00130077": "So this is the thing I need to discover, and I get a lot of help from the VM because it's", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00350-00130077-00130640": "highly introspectable.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00351-00130640-00131044": "The system in general as well as each individual process.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00352-00131044-00131685": "And building -- built in Erlang on top of this simple functions we have a tool called", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00353-00131685-00131785": "observer.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00354-00131785-00132028": "It's available out of the box ships with Erlang.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00355-00132028-00132404": "And it kind of summarizes in a nice way this data.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00356-00132404-00132822": "And what's really cool stake start this thing on my developer machine, and I can get data", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00357-00132822-00133049": "about the run time.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00358-00133049-00133198": "About my production; right?", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00359-00133198-00133582": "So all I need is, like, an SSH access and, you know, a couple of ports, and I see this", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00360-00133582-00133682": "running.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00361-00133682-00134066": "So this is kind of a summary view with some memory usage and number of processes.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00362-00134066-00134550": "I can see the dynamic activity of scheduler utilization, IO memory usage, I can see a", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00363-00134550-00134697": "top-like view.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00364-00134697-00135155": "This is super useful for the covering, it will usually be the processes which have the", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00365-00135155-00135640": "big message cue because a big message cue basically means more message arrive than the", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00366-00135640-00135786": "process can handle.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00367-00135786-00135946": "So the cue just builds up.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00368-00135946-00136128": "And usually bottleneck.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00369-00136128-00136559": "And I can see my supervision tree and click on this individual processes, and then I can", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00370-00136559-00137029": "get some data most notably I can even find out the state of each process that interests", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00371-00137029-00137129": "me.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00372-00137129-00137600": "And I can turn some traces, this is the most powerful thing arguably; right?", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00373-00137600-00138095": "So I can say run time for this process I want to see the message it sends and the message", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00374-00138095-00138201": "it receives.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00375-00138201-00138657": "Or maybe for those processes and these functions I want to see invocations for parameters and", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00376-00138657-00138778": "return values.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00377-00138778-00139351": "And of course all of this allows me to understand some Harry and intricate problems.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00378-00139351-00139553": "I can get those data from the production.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00379-00139553-00139887": "And it goes without saying that the sooner I understand the cause, the sooner I can fix", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00380-00139887-00139987": "the problem.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00381-00139987-00140320": "And the sooner I can fix the problem, the less failures I will have; right?", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00382-00140320-00140765": "And then of course we even have the support for deploying these things with no downtime.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00383-00140765-00141340": "So we operate without needing to restore the system and this will further reduce my downtime", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00384-00141340-00141788": "or further improve my availability because I don't need to stop those little yellow boxes", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00385-00141788-00142179": "at all to deploy some patches or maybe new versions.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00386-00142179-00142342": "So we get a lot of tooling support.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00387-00142342-00142736": "Erlang has the first class distributed support.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00388-00142736-00143616": "So I can start this bunch of Erlang VMs, call them Erlang nodes and once I have that happen,", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00389-00143616-00143964": "then process can communicate regardless of the locality.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00390-00143964-00144248": "Using exactly the same communication primitive.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00391-00144248-00144795": "So basically the thing points to process the same machine -- the same node and the same", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00392-00144795-00144994": "machine or maybe another node, another machine.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00393-00144994-00145133": "It's still the same thing.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00394-00145133-00145677": "So in many ways your code is prepared to be fully distributed to run on multiple machines.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00395-00145677-00146039": "Because in really Erlang, we like to say we're distributed on day one.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00396-00146039-00146608": "So what happens is we're dividing the total big chunk of work a lot of small independent", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00397-00146608-00146911": "entities, processes, and distribution; right?", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00398-00146911-00147199": "You don't need to have multiple machines to be distributed.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00399-00147199-00147674": "And therefore in many ways they're already way down the challenge from day one.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00400-00147674-00148134": "It's still hard to run on multiple machines, I'm not going to sugar coat it.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00401-00148134-00148537": "So the big challenge, in my opinion, is discovering the pit; right?", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00402-00148537-00148976": "So who should I send this message too?", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00403-00148976-00149300": "Who in the system is responsible for the service I need?", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00404-00149300-00149686": "Not an easy question to answer, especially when you have networking involved.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00405-00149686-00150524": "And there are of course helper libraries and some available out of the box, some in the", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00406-00150524-00150682": "form of show.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00407-00150682-00150939": "Some open source can help there.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00408-00150939-00151386": "But still not an easy challenge but at least you're heading down the right direction, and", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00409-00151386-00151550": "it's already a big way.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00410-00151550-00152077": "And of course this is nice from the standpoint of availability because we can have more machines", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00411-00152077-00152257": "supporting the total load.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00412-00152257-00152723": "And if we're maxing out, we have even more machines supporting the overload and then", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00413-00152723-00153323": "handle failures of entire machines and still provide some part of our service.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00414-00153323-00153883": "And the final bit I want to talk about a few seemingly simple but very interesting decisions", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00415-00153883-00154050": "made at the run time level.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00416-00154050-00154575": "So the first thing is the scheduler thing; right?", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00417-00154575-00155165": "So the process, it does many and a lot of frequent context switches.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00418-00155165-00155570": "So when the process enters the scheduler, basically it has a CPU time.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00419-00155570-00155850": "And no longer than about one millisecond.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00420-00155850-00155950": "No matter what it does.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00421-00155950-00156390": "IO bond or CPU bond, it goes on you the pretty configure.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00422-00156390-00156912": "So we have a lot of the context switches and this is recall an interesting decision from", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00423-00156912-00157090": "the standpoint of the software system.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00424-00157090-00157403": "So running a lot of many different unrelated things.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00425-00157403-00157987": "And this prevents that the single activity, even if it's super busy, super focused maybe", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00426-00157987-00158795": "I'm calculating pi to billions of decimals, it won't be able to take over or paralyze", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00427-00158795-00159070": "significant parts of the system or whole part of the system.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00428-00159070-00159979": "So for everyone at the expense of maximum efficiency of the single one.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00429-00159979-00160425": "Which I think makes more sense from the standpoint of a software system.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00430-00160425-00160990": "And also, because there's no shared memory in particular these messages are best copied", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00431-00160990-00161090": "around memory.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00432-00161090-00161507": "So really there's practically nothing shared within those things.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00433-00161507-00161744": "Erlang can stop the world garbage collections.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00434-00161744-00162089": "We don't have the whole pause of the system; right?", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00435-00162089-00162362": "So what happens instead is a process in the scheduler.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00436-00162362-00162817": "And if it needs more memory -- so what this enemies I mentioned at the beginning the process", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00437-00162817-00163084": "starts with about two kilobytes per second.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00438-00163084-00163461": "So if that's not enough, if it needs more prior to the expansion, there will be this", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00439-00163461-00163938": "what I like to call micro taking place in the single scheduler meanwhile all others", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00440-00163938-00164205": "might be doing some meaningful work providing some service.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00441-00164205-00164662": "And of course both of these features means that your response time can be more stable;", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00442-00164662-00164762": "right?", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00443-00164762-00165136": "So you build your system, you kind of fine-tune it to some desired performance.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00444-00165136-00165783": "And you can expect less surprises, less there over time as your system is running, which", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00445-00165783-00166385": "is also, again, because we want to provide our responses within a reasonable time.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00446-00166385-00166504": "So that's it.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00447-00166504-00166733": "It's actually extremely simple, in my opinion.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00448-00166733-00166936": "And very down to earth.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00449-00166936-00167335": "Which is precisely why I like it because it can fit in my head, and I can reason about", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00450-00167335-00167435": "it.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00451-00167435-00168019": "And still, you know, I feel, and I have experience with this, and I feel I can do a lot of -- go", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00452-00168019-00168324": "a long way using just the simple principles.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00453-00168324-00168673": "So the basic idea is use a lot of Concurrency, Concurrency separation.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00454-00168673-00168829": "Run different things separately.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00455-00168829-00169276": "And some benefits come practically for free like full tolerance responsiveness and vertical", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00456-00169276-00169396": "scalability.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00457-00169396-00169663": "For others, you need to work, you're in the right direction.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00458-00169663-00169774": "But you still need to work.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00459-00169774-00170197": "But of course that's -- boils down to how much do you want to be available?", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00460-00170197-00170567": "So these are the things that I usually like to talk about when discussing Erlang and Elixir,", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00461-00170567-00170937": "and these are also the things I like to think about when coding my systems.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00462-00170937-00171041": "Of course code is important.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00463-00171041-00171433": "Code is like low level mechanic but still important.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00464-00171433-00171622": "There are a bunch of good researchers out there.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00465-00171622-00171902": "I'm going to take the opportunity and promote my own work.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00466-00171902-00172371": "So this is discount code which you can use for next few days, not sure how much.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00467-00172371-00172700": "But if you want to grab the book, now would be a good chance.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00468-00172700-00173074": "I have also brought two hard copies.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00469-00173074-00173264": "I have them backstage.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00470-00173264-00174077": "I don't have any competition in mind so basically once QA is done, if you're amongst the first", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00471-00174077-00174322": "to, then the book is yours.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00472-00174322-00174440": "That's basically all I have.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00473-00174440-00175202": "So thank you for your attention.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00474-00175202-00175571": "[Applause] >> Thank you so much.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00475-00175571-00175786": "So you actually have a couple of questions that just while Sasa is answering questions,", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00476-00175786-00175886": "if you're giving a lightning talk, come to the left of the stage my right here, and we'll", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00477-00175886-00175986": "set you up for the lightning talk.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00478-00175986-00176086": "So a couple of questions.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00479-00176086-00176377": "First one is how do you think Elixir/Erlang relate to HTTP based microservices.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00480-00176377-00177123": ">> So some smart people tend to call those things nano services, so these processes.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00481-00177123-00177811": "One could argue it's kind of a microservices of concept in Erlang because run time is first", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00482-00177811-00177911": "class concept in Erlang.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00483-00177911-00178305": "These processes are used to organize run time and, in my opinion, this is what microservices", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00484-00178305-00178411": "were used as well.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00485-00178411-00178904": "So much lightweighter thing, and I think you can go really it far without needing these", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00486-00178904-00179438": "microservices which more, to me, feel more like they improves on top of other run times", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00487-00179438-00179869": "that have no concept of managing run times; right?", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00488-00179869-00180050": "So they just run these one things.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00489-00180050-00180571": "So, yeah, basically I feel that there is a relation and one could argue that the microservices", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00490-00180571-00181027": "existed -- like many other things, in fact, even before they were formalized.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00491-00181027-00181127": ">> Okay.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00492-00181127-00182132": "The next one is can Erlang messaging interface with languages or VMs.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00493-00182132-00182261": ">> Actually it can.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00494-00182261-00182986": "Because -- well, the thing is the distributed Erlang is network based, and it's the message", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00495-00182986-00183626": "protocol is open, and you can have, for example, a Java operating system process one and Erlang", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00496-00183626-00183750": "node; right?", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00497-00183750-00184273": "And you connect it to the real Erlang mode and exchange messages, for example.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00498-00184273-00184541": "So that's definitely a possibility.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00499-00184541-00184819": "Although I'm not sure that I would use that possibility personally.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00500-00184819-00185278": "So if I wanted to build, like, more systems.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00501-00185278-00185766": "So have the thing and maybe run some other things, there are better mechanisms in place.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00502-00185766-00186126": "One of them is you can run these other things like external processes, you can start them", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00503-00186126-00186405": "from Erlang and use pipes for communication.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00504-00186405-00186933": "And you can still exchange Erlang terms or maybe JSON terms if you prefer.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00505-00186933-00187602": "Because the serialization or the formity is also documented or maybe otherwise just used,", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00506-00187602-00188048": "in fact, like the popular microservices approach with HTTP.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00507-00188048-00188187": "So it can be done.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00508-00188187-00188287": "People have been doing it.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00509-00188287-00188663": "But I personally wouldn't go down the throat.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00510-00188663-00188763": ">> Okay.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00511-00188763-00189279": "And the last one is what is Elixir not good for?", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00512-00189279-00189416": ">> Right.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00513-00189416-00189537": "That's a good question.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00514-00189537-00189967": "So the question really boils down to me for what Erlang is not good for because Elixir", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00515-00189967-00190501": "really is just a thing that allows us to use more easily to make more productive using", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00516-00190501-00190712": "the real benefits of Erlang.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00517-00190712-00191103": "And with respect to how I started the talk about the software systems.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00518-00191103-00191615": "It should be like kindergarten stuff but people tend to kind of neglect it or not think about", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00519-00191615-00191715": "it.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00520-00191715-00192247": "So I would say that Erlang is good for software systems and also maybe not good for not software", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00521-00192247-00192347": "systems.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00522-00192347-00192766": "So maybe you have pieces of software that have to do, like, it's all or nothing.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00523-00192766-00192919": "And if it's all or nothing, say, for example, a compiler.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00524-00192919-00193459": "You know, I need to compile a bunch of files, and it can only completely succeed or crash", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00525-00193459-00193559": "somehow.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00526-00193559-00193794": "Where successes, everything is successfully compiled.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00527-00193794-00194062": "Or success you have this syntax error.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00528-00194062-00194373": "This is also a success because it also successfully reports errors.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00529-00194373-00194676": "But there's no high availability complex here.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00530-00194676-00195249": "But maybe some other things are more important like speed focusing on doing as much work", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00531-00195249-00195444": "as fast as possible.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00532-00195444-00195938": "And I would say for such pieces of software maybe Erlang and Elixir would not be good", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00533-00195938-00196038": "for.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00534-00196038-00196546": "Also worth mentioning that in particular speed is not really like super high focus of Erlang.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00535-00196546-00196704": "It usually works well.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00536-00196704-00197162": "But maybe if you're doing mathematical operations, a lot of -- some geometry stuff, maybe you", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00537-00197162-00197460": "want to outsource those things out of Erlang.", "bO3Aww3C0S8-00538-00197460-00198434": "But you can still consider using Erlang as, like, a controller plane to manage those things."}}, {"audio_id": "bOfV_IxCH5E", "text": {"bOfV_IxCH5E-00000-00000022-00000456": "Welcome to (German pun) Detlef's Invention House", "bOfV_IxCH5E-00001-00000456-00000848": "We have no elfs And not a dungeon, but whatever", "bOfV_IxCH5E-00002-00000848-00001439": "Sponsored by Tryop We want to pump something", "bOfV_IxCH5E-00003-00001439-00002015": "A fluid of some kind and everybody has an electric motor", "bOfV_IxCH5E-00004-00002015-00002624": "and then a shaft with a seal around it so the fluid cannot get out", "bOfV_IxCH5E-00005-00002624-00002914": "and then it goes into an impeller pump.", "bOfV_IxCH5E-00006-00002914-00003322": "The impeller pump could have the motor built directly into it.", "bOfV_IxCH5E-00007-00003322-00003665": "And then you would not have the losses from the seals", "bOfV_IxCH5E-00008-00003665-00004121": "and there would be no possibility of the seals leaking because they are gone", "bOfV_IxCH5E-00009-00004121-00004244": "So there you have it!", "bOfV_IxCH5E-00010-00004244-00004811": "The Tryop No Seal No Leak High Efficiency Pump Thing", "bOfV_IxCH5E-00011-00004811-00005571": "We need a better name for this, this is a great idea!", "bOfV_IxCH5E-00012-00005571-00006159": "This is one of our best ones Why is there no good name for it?", "bOfV_IxCH5E-00013-00006159-00006840": "Well, that was it for Colonel Detlef's Invention House", "bOfV_IxCH5E-00014-00006840-00006994": "Goodbye"}}, {"audio_id": "bOuIiWNqe6y", "text": {"bOuIiWNqe6y-00000-00000050-00000536": "We're going to break the process of choosing and working with a research topic into four", "bOuIiWNqe6y-00001-00000536-00001026": "steps. The first step is to figure out what you want to spend time learning more about", "bOuIiWNqe6y-00002-00001026-00001439": "Sometimes a professor gives you a list of preselected topics and you have to choose one,", "bOuIiWNqe6y-00003-00001440-00001856": "or you're given some direction about what you should choose.", "bOuIiWNqe6y-00004-00001856-00002396": "But a lot of times you're set out there and told to write about anything.", "bOuIiWNqe6y-00005-00002396-00002653": "Talk about finding a needle in a haystack!", "bOuIiWNqe6y-00006-00002653-00003489": "This week is about figuring out how to narrow in on something that will not only make a great research project, but something that is", "bOuIiWNqe6y-00007-00003490-00004326": "interesting and relevant to you. YOU will be your own magnet! So why do you have to choose a topic again especially for this class?", "bOuIiWNqe6y-00008-00004326-00005213": "Well your final project is to turn in an annotated bibliography with at least 10 sources based on a research topic that you choose this week.", "bOuIiWNqe6y-00009-00005213-00006099": "This is an example annotation here. We'll talk more about this soon. You'll also be doing and narrated PowerPoint based on this topic", "bOuIiWNqe6y-00010-00006100-00006856": "Pretty much everything we're going to work on from here on out is finding research in books, journals, and via google on the research topic", "bOuIiWNqe6y-00011-00006856-00007363": "that you choose this week. But there's so much out there!", "bOuIiWNqe6y-00012-00007363-00008146": "Potential research topics are everywhere. The news, magazines, your social circle, your work and so on. The big ones have been the subject", "bOuIiWNqe6y-00013-00008146-00008669": "of intense debate for decades. There is certainly a lot out there on these topics, but I would", "bOuIiWNqe6y-00014-00008670-00009193": "encourage you to explore issues that aren't on the front page of a newspaper", "bOuIiWNqe6y-00015-00009193-00009663": "or the top of the news. The smaller text includes additional topics in may not be talked about as", "bOuIiWNqe6y-00016-00009663-00010136": "much but can certainly make for interesting research", "bOuIiWNqe6y-00017-00010136-00010703": "I don't have a preset list of topics for you to choose from, so you're pretty much going to have to come up with one on your own. This is", "bOuIiWNqe6y-00018-00010703-00011083": "something that you'll be working with the rest of the semester", "bOuIiWNqe6y-00019-00011083-00011783": "so I want you to take your time this week and select something you actually want to learn more about. If you're not into a topic, it's going to", "bOuIiWNqe6y-00020-00011783-00012253": "make the process of researching and writing terribly boring. So, when you have the option to", "bOuIiWNqe6y-00021-00012253-00012723": "pick your own topic go was something you want to learn more about! First", "bOuIiWNqe6y-00022-00012723-00013483": "what general areas are you interested in? Something like health topics that cover diseases and conditions, or issues related to families- like", "bOuIiWNqe6y-00023-00013483-00013993": "children, divorce, step-parenting. Or, even environmental or political issues. Then think", "bOuIiWNqe6y-00024-00013993-00014503": "about what you've experienced or what someone close to you has gone through.", "bOuIiWNqe6y-00025-00014503-00015216": "Maybe your child has ADHD or you have a family member has been impacted by cardiovascular disease. Also", "bOuIiWNqe6y-00026-00015216-00015926": "think about was going on your life right now. Maybe you're a nontraditional student, coming back to school, or maybe you struggle with", "bOuIiWNqe6y-00027-00015926-00016639": "depression and want to know more about handling the stress you are going through. Look within yourself. You've got plenty of interests I'm", "bOuIiWNqe6y-00028-00016640-00017116": "sure. On the flip side, don't choose something you couldn't care less about. I will not be doing research on", "bOuIiWNqe6y-00029-00017116-00017593": "mathematical theory as math makes me break out in hives!", "bOuIiWNqe6y-00030-00017593-00018309": "If you're still having trouble coming up with the topic that's totally OK. There are resources and tools that can help you choose a topic. If you're", "bOuIiWNqe6y-00031-00018310-00018790": "completely stumped talk to your family or friends- askwhat they would find interesting. Look", "bOuIiWNqe6y-00032-00018790-00019270": "through newspapers, magazines, professional journals, or watch the news", "bOuIiWNqe6y-00033-00019270-00019896": "What's going on now that would make an interesting topic? There are also tools available; some through the library and some out on", "bOuIiWNqe6y-00034-00019896-00020526": "Google that list topics and you can browse through. I've included links to a few of these on this week's Moodle page", "bOuIiWNqe6y-00035-00020526-00021066": "OK, I do have one requirement for those of you going into health careers.", "bOuIiWNqe6y-00036-00021066-00021763": "You have to pick something that's related to health and medicine for your topic. I will be teaching you how to search the Health Sciences", "bOuIiWNqe6y-00037-00021763-00022463": "databases, so you need a topic that will work when searching these sources. Honestly this won't limit you that much there is still", "bOuIiWNqe6y-00038-00022463-00022929": "a TON out there, and it can still be something that you have a personal interest in. Previous", "bOuIiWNqe6y-00039-00022930-00023396": "students have done research on diseases or conditions their loved ones are living with.", "bOuIiWNqe6y-00040-00023396-00024203": "Many of them researched and public health issues like smoking vaccines and exercise. And there's no shortage of professional issues.", "bOuIiWNqe6y-00041-00024203-00025009": "Those of you working in Health Care facilities might find this especially useful. Such as doing research on how to combat burnout,", "bOuIiWNqe6y-00042-00025010-00025516": "how to handle compassion fatigue, or how to work with hostile colleagues.", "bOuIiWNqe6y-00043-00025516-00026299": "A good strategy is to start with something pretty broad and then brainstorm possible associations. Don't hold back, write whatever", "bOuIiWNqe6y-00044-00026300-00026823": "pops into your head when you're thinking about these topics. This is the first step in taking a big", "bOuIiWNqe6y-00045-00026823-00027349": "area of interest and making into something that you actually do research on.", "bOuIiWNqe6y-00046-00027350-00028066": "In this case I'm interested in learning more about online education because I teach online and I've never actually been trained in this and I", "bOuIiWNqe6y-00047-00028066-00028783": "don't have an education background. I think we can all agree that writing a paper on the VERY broad topic of online education might be a bit", "bOuIiWNqe6y-00048-00028783-00029499": "much to bite off. So, I'm just going to think about other topics that could fit under this heading. These are some of the issues related to online", "bOuIiWNqe6y-00049-00029500-00029976": "education that I'd like to learn more about. Here's another popular example. A lot of people are", "bOuIiWNqe6y-00050-00029976-00030456": "interested complementary and alternative medicine", "bOuIiWNqe6y-00051-00030456-00031196": "Again, this is a great area to start with, but you need to start thinking about exactly what under that heading you want to focus on.", "bOuIiWNqe6y-00052-00031196-00031693": "So, maybe already have a great topic choice in mind awesome!", "bOuIiWNqe6y-00053-00031693-00032549": "Or maybe you have no idea what you want to research and that's OK. That's what this week is designed to help you with. Going from a", "bOuIiWNqe6y-00054-00032550-00033120": "blank slate to a beautiful topic that you can live with for the rest of the semester. Here's what I want you to", "bOuIiWNqe6y-00055-00033120-00033693": "do. Yes, just stop and think for a bit! What broad area are you interested in?", "bOuIiWNqe6y-00056-00033693-00034473": "Don't know? Then browse through the sources I put up on Moodle. Something will jump at it you! Once you have a general idea go ahead and", "bOuIiWNqe6y-00057-00034473-00035256": "posted that to the first forum. There are a few specific questions I want you to answer. These are all listed in the forum. Next up we will talk", "bOuIiWNqe6y-00058-00035256-00035779": "about how to find some basic information also known as background information about our topic."}}, {"audio_id": "bOCNqCZgdlM", "text": {"bOCNqCZgdlM-00000-00000296-00000580": "Amit Shah's big talk on Modi coming out", "bOCNqCZgdlM-00001-00000580-00000630": "Amit Shah's big talk on Modi coming out", "bOCNqCZgdlM-00002-00000630-00000680": "Amit Shah's big talk on Modi coming out", "bOCNqCZgdlM-00003-00000727-00000927": "Amit Shah's big talk on Modi coming out", "bOCNqCZgdlM-00004-00000927-00000977": "Amit Shah's big talk on Modi coming out", "bOCNqCZgdlM-00005-00000982-00001182": "Amit Shah's big talk on Modi coming out", "bOCNqCZgdlM-00006-00001182-00001232": "Amit Shah's big talk on Modi coming out", "bOCNqCZgdlM-00007-00001251-00001301": "Amit Shah's big talk on Modi coming out", "bOCNqCZgdlM-00008-00001301-00001351": "Amit Shah's big talk on Modi coming out", "bOCNqCZgdlM-00009-00001351-00001401": "Amit Shah's big talk on Modi coming out", "bOCNqCZgdlM-00010-00001401-00001451": "Amit Shah's big talk on Modi coming out", "bOCNqCZgdlM-00011-00001451-00001501": "Amit Shah's big talk on Modi coming out", "bOCNqCZgdlM-00012-00001501-00001551": "Amit Shah's big talk on Modi coming out", "bOCNqCZgdlM-00013-00001551-00001601": "Amit Shah's big talk on Modi coming out", "bOCNqCZgdlM-00014-00001632-00001832": "Amit Shah's big talk on Modi coming out", "bOCNqCZgdlM-00015-00001832-00001882": "Amit Shah's big talk on Modi coming out", "bOCNqCZgdlM-00016-00001882-00001932": "Amit Shah's big talk on Modi coming out", "bOCNqCZgdlM-00017-00001935-00002135": "Amit Shah's big talk on Modi coming out", "bOCNqCZgdlM-00018-00002135-00002185": "Amit Shah's big talk on Modi coming out", "bOCNqCZgdlM-00019-00002215-00002415": "Amit Shah's big talk on Modi coming out", "bOCNqCZgdlM-00020-00002415-00002465": "Amit Shah's big talk on Modi coming out", "bOCNqCZgdlM-00021-00002465-00002515": "Amit Shah's big talk on Modi coming out", "bOCNqCZgdlM-00022-00002520-00002720": "Amit Shah's big talk on Modi coming out", "bOCNqCZgdlM-00023-00002720-00002770": "Amit Shah's big talk on Modi coming out", "bOCNqCZgdlM-00024-00002790-00002840": "Amit Shah's big talk on Modi coming out", "bOCNqCZgdlM-00025-00002840-00002890": "Amit Shah's big talk on Modi coming out", "bOCNqCZgdlM-00026-00002890-00002940": "Amit Shah's big talk on Modi coming out", "bOCNqCZgdlM-00027-00002940-00002990": "Amit Shah's big talk on Modi coming out", "bOCNqCZgdlM-00028-00003021-00003221": "Amit Shah's big talk on Modi coming out", "bOCNqCZgdlM-00029-00003221-00003271": "Amit Shah's big talk on Modi coming out", "bOCNqCZgdlM-00030-00003285-00003485": "Amit Shah's big talk on Modi coming out", "bOCNqCZgdlM-00031-00003485-00003535": "Amit Shah's big talk on Modi coming out", "bOCNqCZgdlM-00032-00003545-00003745": "Amit Shah's big talk on Modi coming out", "bOCNqCZgdlM-00033-00003745-00003795": "Amit Shah's big talk on Modi coming out", "bOCNqCZgdlM-00034-00003841-00004041": "Amit Shah's big talk on Modi coming out", "bOCNqCZgdlM-00035-00004041-00004091": "Amit Shah's big talk on Modi coming out", "bOCNqCZgdlM-00036-00004099-00004299": "Amit Shah's big talk on Modi coming out", "bOCNqCZgdlM-00037-00004299-00004349": "Amit Shah's big talk on Modi coming out", "bOCNqCZgdlM-00038-00004395-00004445": "Amit Shah's big talk on Modi coming out", "bOCNqCZgdlM-00039-00004445-00004495": "Amit Shah's big talk on Modi coming out", "bOCNqCZgdlM-00040-00004495-00004545": "Amit Shah's big talk on Modi coming out", "bOCNqCZgdlM-00041-00004545-00004595": "Amit Shah's big talk on Modi coming out", "bOCNqCZgdlM-00042-00004633-00004833": "Amit Shah's big talk on Modi coming out", "bOCNqCZgdlM-00043-00004833-00004883": "Amit Shah's big talk on Modi coming out", "bOCNqCZgdlM-00044-00004883-00004933": "Amit Shah's big talk on Modi coming out", "bOCNqCZgdlM-00045-00004936-00005136": "Amit Shah's big talk on Modi coming out", "bOCNqCZgdlM-00046-00005136-00005186": "Amit Shah's big talk on Modi coming out", "bOCNqCZgdlM-00047-00005188-00005238": "Amit Shah's big talk on Modi coming out", "bOCNqCZgdlM-00048-00005238-00005288": "Amit Shah's big talk on Modi coming out", "bOCNqCZgdlM-00049-00005288-00005338": "Amit Shah's big talk on Modi coming out", "bOCNqCZgdlM-00050-00005373-00005573": "Amit Shah's big talk on Modi coming out", "bOCNqCZgdlM-00051-00005573-00005674": "Amit Shah's big talk on Modi coming out"}}, {"audio_id": "bOTa_WkksfM", "text": {}}, {"audio_id": "bP2JE2qzhoA", "text": {"bP2JE2qzhoA-00000-00000110-00000403": "No, don't take a picture of me!", "bP2JE2qzhoA-00001-00000403-00000723": "I can't take a video?", "bP2JE2qzhoA-00002-00000723-00001423": "Why don't you tell me what happened today? The lady just go like this and I just FREAKED OUT!", "bP2JE2qzhoA-00003-00002389-00003089": "Why did you freak out? Because I was crying and Annie was sittin' in the chair and I was sitting on her lap, and I just FREAKED OUT! That's a what happens.", "bP2JE2qzhoA-00004-00004293-00004993": "Oh my gosh.", "bP2JE2qzhoA-00005-00005277-00005824": "Yeah. Did it hurt?", "bP2JE2qzhoA-00006-00005824-00005911": "transparent", "bP2JE2qzhoA-00007-00005911-00006212": "mention our", "bP2JE2qzhoA-00008-00006212-00006912": "condition", "bP2JE2qzhoA-00009-00007630-00008179": "usa freaked out too", "bP2JE2qzhoA-00010-00008179-00008879": "my gosh", "bP2JE2qzhoA-00011-00009201-00009584": "you've got icecream", "bP2JE2qzhoA-00012-00009584-00010284": "baski freaked out", "bP2JE2qzhoA-00013-00010327-00010421": "here", "bP2JE2qzhoA-00014-00010421-00010540": "pakistanis", "bP2JE2qzhoA-00015-00010540-00010854": "and now you have the experience", "bP2JE2qzhoA-00016-00010854-00011050": "unit and very pretty", "bP2JE2qzhoA-00017-00011050-00011750": "do you like them", "bP2JE2qzhoA-00018-00012356-00013056": "everything you're seeing now is happening", "bP2JE2qzhoA-00019-00013596-00013621": "cult"}}, {"audio_id": "bP5qlLM-LuY", "text": {"bP5qlLM-LuY-00001-00000200-00000400": "Garena aov Indonesia"}}]